PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

I^HILA^DELPHIi^.

VOL. V.

1865.

PHILADELPIHA :

PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY.
18G5.

S.^i-MfMJ

LIST OF PAPf]RS.

PAGE

Brendel, Emil, M. D.

On some new species of Pselaphidae, .... 28

New species and corrections in the family Pselaphidre, . 255

Clemens, Brackenridge, M. D.

North American Micro-Lepidoptera, .... 133

Cresson, E. T.

Monograph of the Philanthidse of North America, . . 85

Edwards, W. H. \

Description of a new species of Limenitis, . . . 148

Grote, Aug. R.

Notes on Cuban 8phinp;id?e, ...... 38

Notes on the Bombycidae of Cuba, ..... 227

Grote & Robinson.

A Synonymical Catalogue of North American Sphingidae,

with Notes and Descriptions, . . . . .149

Reakirt, Tryon.

Descriptions of some new species of Danainas, . . . 217
Descriptions of some new species of Eresia, . . . 224

Scudder, Samuel H.

Revision of the hitherto known species of Chionobas in

North America, ....... 1

"Walsh, Benjamin D., M. A.

On Phytophagic Varieties and Phytophagic Species, with

remarks on the Unity of Coloration in Insects, . . 194

44867

^^A(

PROCEEDINGS

I OP THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETI

OF PHILADELPHIA.

Revision of the hitherto known species of the genus CHIONOBAS in North

America.

BY SAMUEL II. SCUDDER.

I Co7nmunicated June 12th, 1865.)
Having long- been de^iirous of comparing the species of Clu'onohas
described by Say under the name of Hijipan-hta srmidca. of which I
have seen a large- number of specimens, with the subarctic species of
the same genus indicated or described by authors as living in the cokler
regions of this continent, no specimens of which have hitherto found
their way into the museums of this country, it was with great satisfac-
tion that I was given the opportunity of examining an interesting col-
lection of this genus made by my friend and fellow student Dr. A. S.
Packard. Jr.. on the coast of Labrador, near the northern extremity
of the Straits of l]eilo Isle, and as far north as the mission station of
Hopedale ; it comprised all but one of the species hitherto described or
figured, or in any way indicated as coming from that region — that ex-
ception was made good to me through the favor of 3Ir. W. H. Edwards,
to whom I have been so frequently indebted for the gift and loan of
specimens desired by me in my studies, and for many useful notes upon
them; frf)m him also I have received specimens from Labrador ticketed
by Moschler, the latest reviser of the Pjuropean species, which have
been of great service to me, and also a specimen of the only species yet
described or figured from the western portion of our continent. With-
out doubt other .species will be added so soon as that region is explored,
which will not be long hence, we may be sure. Already another spe-
cies is indicated from that region, obtained ly Mr. Lorquin. In the
meantime it has seemed to me a useful undertaking to attempt to .scru-
tinize the relations of the species already known on this continent, and
to understand what this and that author have meant by Oeno, A/so.

2 [July

Taijgete. Bootes. &e., thereby accomplishing for North America what
Moschler has done for Europe ; and although T have not been able to
agree with that author in all his determinations, I hope I shall not be
found to have created confusion thereby. I have not attempted to give
any opinion upon purely European species, since, from the want of a
sufficient number of specimens from that continent, such an undertaking
would be misplaced, but where the Labrador species was one said to be
identical with the European, I have founded my judgment wholly on
the Labrador specimens and figures of Labrador individuals, and have
given, from all works at my command, synonymical lists, it will be seen,
only of descriptions and figures of, or references to, specimens from La-
brador, strictly confining myself to the American species. I do not
doubt, however, that some of them are found upon both sides of the
Atlantic, and have specimens of several under examination from Europe
and America which do not seem to me distinct. For these also I am
indebted to the favor of Mr. Edwards. But this field of inquiry being
extraneous to my purpose, I have not entered upon it. I have given
outline figures to illustrate the direction of both the borders of the
middle band on the under surface of the secondaries, using, when
sketching them, a specimen of each species which seemed to me to ex-
hibit the normal condition.

A description of the egg, larva and chrysalis of one species, (C%.
semidea) with figures of the latter two, will be found in my "Remarks
on some characteristics of the insect-fauna of the White Mountains,
New Hampshire." published in the Boston Journal of Natural History.
Vol. VIL pp. (312— (331.

One source of confusion and difficulty of understanding the meaning
of authors has been, it seems to mo. in the indifferent manner with
which they have frequently used specific names which in their view
were synonymous, leading others to believe that because, for instance,
they employed in one place the specific name Bootes and in another
Taj/ffete, therefore they believed that two species existed, when it was
only an irregular use of names which had been applied by different
authors to one and the same species. Another thing is still more re-
markable to me. however: Moschler, in his valuable article on the
Lepidopteran Fauna of Labrador, (Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV) enu-
merates on p. 342 the species of Chiouohas found there as Jtitta Hiibn.,
Taygete Hiibn.. Oeno Bd. and Bootes Bd., remarking, in connection
therewith, that he discusses their relation so fully in his paper on the
genus ChionohaK in Europe, that it is only necessary to give an enu-
meration of them ; and in addition thereto, criticizing Mr. Christophs'

1865.] 3

view, he says in a note on p. 832, that Bootes, Toijgete and Oeno ex-
hibit very good differences, as he will show in that same paper. Now
when this paper is published, two and a half years afterward, he places
Bootes Bd. as a synonym of Taijgete Hiibn. without expressing any
change of view, or referring in any way to his previous statement and
enumeration as erroneous, which he certainly should have done after so
direct a reference to the latter paper for explanations and proof of the
accuracy of views already expressed; no such reference being made, it
is a little surprising to find that instead of being confirmed they are
controverted.

1. Chionobas Jutta.

Chionobas Jutta, Moschler, "Wiener entom. Monatschrift, IV. 342; VII. 201.
Chionobas Balder Boisduval, Icones hist, des Lepidopt. I. 189, PI. 39, figs. 1 — 3.
" Hist, gener. et Icones Lepidopt. de I'Am. Sept. 216.

Doubleday, Westwood and Hewitson, Gen. Diurnal Lepidopt.

II. 382.
Herrich-Schseffer, Syst. Bearb. d'Schmett. von Europa, II.

Tagfalter, 68.
Morris, Synop. Lepidopt. N. Am. 71.

Schiodte, in Eink, Naturhist. Bidrag til en Beskriv af Gron-
land, 64.
Eumenis Balderi Htibner, Zutrage, 43, figs. 981 — 982.
Expanse of wings % 2.U6— 2.16 in.; 9 2.16—2.20 in.
Head, thorax and abdomen black, with brownish hairs. Antennse
of the ground color of upper side of wings, annulated with grayish-
white; club reddish-brown, tip sometimes darker. Palpi with short
grayish-white hairs throughout, long black ones beneath. Femora
dark brown ; tibiae brownish-yellow, flecked with gray ; upper side of
tarsi sometimes darker.

Wings above dark brown, with dark spots along the border in a yel-
lowish field; beneath mostly marbled with grayish, dark brown and
black. Fringe pure white, interrupted narrowly with black at the ner-
vule-tips.

Above. Primaries dark brown, the % .^^lightly darker. Parallel to
the outer border and nearer to it than to the extremity of the cell is a
broad band, dull yellow in the 9 , more or less ochraceous in the S ,
extending from the costal to the internal nervure, generally interrupted
only by the nervures in the 9 i broken up into roundish or ovoid spots,
often widely separated in the % , which have rather large, black, round
or ovoid spots in cells 2 and 5 (counting from the internal nervure),
and one of the same size or smaller, or even reduced to a point, in cell
3, absent in the % , the lowermost of these spots slightly nearer the

4 ' [Jui-y

border than the others. % with two black spots of hair-like scales, one
next the base below the median nervure resting upon and extending to
its first branch; the second, separated by this branch from the first, rests
upon the median both above and below, divided by it and extending to the
termination of the cell, having a small patch between the second and
third median nervules. Costal border, especially near base, indistinctly
mottled with gray and black. Secondaries of the same general color
as the primai'ies, with a similar band before the border, continuous or
nearly so in both sexes, in which, in every interspace, is a more or less
distinct pale yellow dot. except in that between the first and second
median nervules, where there is a small eye-like spot, indistinctly white-
pupilled. One of the specimens exhibits also a similar but indistinct
spot between the second and third median nervules. The separation
of the band from the border is less distinct in the 9 than in the % .

Beneath. Fn'maries slightly paler than the upper surface; the whole
costal edge mottled white and black; the apex of the wing and the upper
half of the outer border is either uniform gray from the e(|ual com-
mingling of white and dark brown scales, or by the clustering of scales
of the same color into spots is pretty uniformly marbled with white antl
dark brown or black. The outer half of the wing with a yellowish ( 9 )
or slight ochraceous ( S ) tinge, with seldom any mark of the light band
of the upper side except as a halo, distinct and large in 9 , faint and
narrow in S . around the spots of the second and fifth cells, which re-
appear on this surface, the upper always, the lower generally, distinctly
white-pupilled. Secondaries marbled with narrow transverse, generally
wavy bars of clustered grayish-white, and brown or blackish-brown
scales, in some individuals one, in others the other predominating, the

lighter colors being fainter or nearly absent on the middle

),^ \ band, and generally most conspicuous next its outer limit ; the

^X\ middle band not very prominently darker than the ground

jA\i color but broad; its outer border generally only narrowly

^^ Wedged with blackish, is deeply crenated except toward the

inner border, where the curves are slight and broad or want-
ing; it extends from the costal border to exactly the extremity of the cell in
three very prominent arches, the first two each occupying an interspace.
the third broad and arching over two interspaces; from the extremity
of the cell the border bends backwards towards the base, with a promi-
nent arch in tlie next interspace, but in the remaining, by which it
reaches the inner border, only slight curves or none at all ; the inner
border is much less distinct, but has an angular depression between the
costal and subcostal nervnres. and a very deep and rounded one in the

1865.] 5

lower half of the cell ; the costal edge is mottled hlaek and white, the
outer edge is narrow!}' lined with black, before which is generally a
narrow faint band where the grayish scales predominate over the black.
The remainder of the wing is generally uniformly marbled, but in one
specimen ( % ) before me the narrow dark line bordering the inner half
of the outside of middle band continues on in a straight line to the outer
angle of the wing at the termination of the second subcostal nervule.
The eye of the upper appears again beneath, very prominently white-
pupilled. so much so as sometimes to appear almost altogether as a
white spot; the spots in the other interspaces are generally larger, more
prominent and paler; nervures not flecked with white.

2 % ; llopedale and Square Island Harbor, Labrador, Dr. A. S.
Packard. Jr. 2 9 ; Quebec. AV. 11. Edwards.

It will be seen from this description that my specimens have eyes on
the upper side of the secondaries only in cell 2, except in one which
has a very indistinct one in cell 3, but that they all are delicately white-
pupilled; also that all the eyes of the under side of the secondaries of the
male as well as the female are white-pupilled, that of cell 5 distinctly;
further, that the eye of cell 2 on the under side of the secondaries in
the S is very prominently white-pupilled ; these are variations noted
from Mo.-<cher's description.

I am inclined to accept Mb.scher's union of Jutfa with Balder, having
examined also a pair of specimens of this species from Russia, labelled
'■Bnldrr" by Menetries. kindly loaned me by Mr. Edwards.

2. Chionobas Chryxus.

Chionohas chryxus Doubleday, Westwood and Hewitson. Gen. Diurnal Lepidopt.
II. 38:!, PI. 04. fig. 1.
Edwards, Proe. Entom. Soc. Philad. II. 82.
Expanse of wings, 9 -'-^ inches.

9 . Head, thorax and abdomen black, with oohraceous hairs, mingled
with black ones on front of thorax. Antenna? light brownish-yellow,
faintly annnlated with white, the tip of club dusky. Palpi very pale
yellow, with hairs of same color, of moderate length, as long above as be-
low, with a very few longer black ones mingled with them below, more
abundant and occurring both above and IjcIdw at the tip. Legs grayish ;
femora, except tip, darker.

Wings above dull ochraceous-yellow. flecked with brown on the basal
half and along the costal and outer margin of primaries and the outer
angle of secondaries; beneath paler, secondaries marbled with brown
and gray, with a dusky middle band.

Above. Primaries dull ochraceous-yellow. the base largely flecked

6 [July

to beyond the cell with dull reddish-brown, in which we see broad and
short pale bands on both sides of the nervure, closing the cell, which
itself is distinctly but narrowly bordered with dark brown, and similar
bands across the cell towards the base ; the costal border flecked with
brown scales which extend as a band around the outer border to the
second median nervule; the costal edge marbled, especially toward base,
with black and white, less distinct toward middle of wing. In the
broad pale ochraceous-yellow band which is thus formed across the outer
half of the wing, which is divided by a spur of the basal brown extend-
ing along the last branch of the median nervure, there are three black-
ish eye-like, slightly ovoid spots in the second, third and fifth cells, the
third much smaller than the others, the fifth indistinctly white-pupilled.
Secondaries faintly marbled with transverse bars, sometimes clustered
into spots, of dull ochraceous-yellow and dull reddish-brown, the darker
colors predominating over a lai'ge basal portion, still darker next the
hase, and the lighter occupying the outer portion, with the exception
of a band across the outer angle of dark brown scales clusterino- into
spots in the interspaces ; between the first and second median nervules
a small round blackish spot, largely pupilled with grayish-white ; the
marbling seen is that of the diaphanous marking of the under surface.
Beneath. Primaries dirty grayish-white, tinged with faint ochrace-
ous, especially in lower half; a brownish band along outer border cor-
responding to upper surface but extending further, faintly marbled with
grayish, especially at tip of wing; costal edge distinctly marbled with
grayish-white and black as far as this band, but interrupted by a darker
spot above the eye ; a broad band across the middle of the wing, whose
outer border corresponds to the outer border of the basal brown of upper
surface, that is, runs parallel to the nervure closing the cell, projects
outwards as a narrow sharply pointed tooth along the last median
nervule and just reaches the outer band, after which it continues in
broad shallow waves parallel to the outer border ; its inner border be-
low the cell is indistinct, merging into the paler colors basewards ; it
crosses the cell irregularly above the origin of the second median
nervule; the band is partially divided by a bi'oad bar of grayish
crossing the cell at its extremity and by a pale spot just beyond the
cell ; the basal portion of the wing is sprinkled with clusters of brown-
ish spots in the cell which sometimes congregate into narrow bars cross-
ing it; the eyes of the upper surface are repeated and all distinctly
white-pupilled. Secondaries marbled with narrow transverse bars,
sometimes congregated into spots and bands of white, dark brown and
pale brown scales, the latter sometimes tinged faintly with ochracoous.

1865.] 7

especially toward the outer border ; the dark brown scales congregate
into a basal spot which is marbled with narrow bars of white ; they
form also the middle band, which is of nearly uniform width through-
out, and is marbled within with white, grayish-white and light brown
bars, is bordered on the inside broadly, on the outside narrowly, with
whitish bands marbled with narrow transverse bars of dark brown ; out-
side of all there is a broad band of lighter brown, made up of a nearly
uniform marbling of dark brown, ochraceous-brown and grayish-white,
the latter ftiintly dividing the middle with indistinct white spots in the
interspaces; small white spots also upon the border in the interspaces of
the median nervure. upon which rest larger dark brown spots, the eye
as on upper surface; the outer border of the middle band
extends from the costal border crenulate to the second sub-
costal nervule in a general direction at right angles to the
j costal border; from here it extends to the extremity of the
cell in one very large conical projection, and from the cell
to the inner border moves in crenations, each of which oc-
cupies an interspace, gradually curving towards the base ; the inner
border moving from the costal edge has a slight tooth borderwards before
reaching the subcostal nervure, reaches the middle of the cell, is there
bent at right angles down the cell to a point opposite the origin of the
first median nervule, and runs thence in a pretty regular curve to the
inner border in general parallel to the opposite side of the band.
1 9 ; Pike's Peak, W. H. Edwards.

The specimen from which this description is drawn up is one some-
what rubbed, which should be taken into account in using the above
description. The fringe is nearly gone ; Edwards says, " alternate black
and whitish." The nervures may have been flecked with white, but no
trace remains,

3. CMonobas Calais.

Chionobas Taygete Edwards, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1S62, 57.

Oeneis Taygete, 9 (not % ) Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. Lep. I. Pap. I.

Nymph. IX. Oread. D. Nubilse 4, figs. .3, 4.
Expanse of wings $ 2.2 inches.

9 . Head, thorax and abdomen black with ochraceous hairs. An-
tenna} reddish-yellow, annulated, especially above, with reddish-brown ;
club reddish-brown, black-tipped. Palpi with ochre-yellow hairs, min-
gled with longer black hairs, which latter are especially prominent be-
neath and at the tip. Femora dusky ; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow.

Wings deep ochraceous-brown, flecked with black on the basal half
and along the costal and outer margin of both wings, eye-like spots b^J<:: \ n £-)

'/

8 [JULY

fore the margin, beneath marbled with ochraceous and brown ; the se-
condaries with a dark middle band ; fringe dark brown, interrupted in
the interspaces with grayish-white.

Above. Primaries ochraceous-brown, the costal border marbled with
black and grayish-white, distinct next the base, forming a dark grayish
band towards the tip. continued more broadly around the outer to the
inner border as a dark brown band, the inner edge slightly crenulated.
the outer edge distinctly black; a very broad band clouded with black,
darkest at the borders, and somewhat tino'cd with ochraceous in the
middle, crosses the middle of the wing ; the nevvure closing the ceil is
distinctly and narrowly edged with black; the outer border of the band
starts from the dusky costal border beyond the cell at right angles to the
last branch of the median nervure. projecting outwards as a short tooth
upon this nervure. is there bent at right angles towards the base, and
immediately thereafter bends again and passes in broad crenatious to
the inner, and subparallel to the outer, b.order; the inner border of the
band crosses the cell ii*regularly between the origin of the first and se-
cond median nervules and nearer the latter ; below the cell, it passes
from the origin of the first median nervule parallel to the costal border.
but is lost before reaching the inner border. Between this band and the
base the ochraceous is considerably flecked with brownish atoms, less dis-
tinctly next the band; in the broad ochraceous band next the outer
border, occupying the space left between the two dark bands mentioned,
are situated in cells 2. o and 5. large, roundish, inclined to be pyriform.
blind, eye-like spots, that in cell 3 a little smaller and rounder. Si'-
cotu/arii's: basal portion to the extremity of the cell fuscous, hirgelv
tinged with dull ochraceous. except above the cell ; toward the base
very indistinctly marked with faint fuscous and ochraceous; the outer
limit of this fuscous basal portion is that of the outside of the middle
Itand beneath ; the outer border of the wing from the tip of the first
subcostal nervule to the anal angle has a narrow dusky band, narrower
than that of primaries, blackish on the inside where it is very slightly
crenulate, paler along the middle, the edge black again; the marbling
of the under surface shows indistinctly through upon the broad ochra-
ceous-brown band which occupies most of the outer half of the wing.
and in the interspace between the first and second median nervules is
a round, black, blind, e^^e-like spot, snuiller than any of those of the
primaries.

Beneath. Frimaricn considerably paler than above; the middle baud
of the upper surface distinct only at the borders, the lower portion of
the outer border straight, the middle space beiuir of the "round color.

18(;5.] 9

with traiisveiise. slightly wavy stieak.«. especially in the cell, of blackish-
brown ; frequent similar .streaks in the coll between the band and the
base; the costal ed<re distinctly marbled with black and grayish-white
from base to apex, over which latter portion it is more diffused, though
scarcely reaching the sixth cell except next the outer border, where it
extends at least to the third median nervule, and is bordered toward
the base by a narrow band formed of continuous shallow lunules reach-
ing neither the co.stal nor the inner border; next to which is a broad
iichraceous band, with infrequent transverse streaks of reddish-brown,
which never cross the nervules; the eyes as above, though more ovoid
in form, and that of cell 5 very indistinctly white pupilled. Seconda.
n'rs marbled with transverse bars and streaks of blackish-brown and
grayish-white, tinged with pale ochraceous-brown in the outer half of
the wing, and with darker ochraceous-brown in the middle
of the band; at the base the bars are larger and about
^, equally divided; in the band the darker ones are clustered
along the borders so as to be continuous at the extreme
border ; in the outer half the marbling is pretty uniform,
thouo-h less tinged with ochraceous next the middle band, the liahter
colors prevailing throughout this portion ; midway between the band
and the outer border very indistinct pale yellowish-white spots in the
interspaces; the eye reduced to an indistinct small round black spot;
the outer border narrowly edged with black, not extending to either
angle, a small white spot situated upon it in the interspaces; the inner
border of the middle band is formed of a series of right angles from the
costal border till it has passed the median nervure ; in the space above
the cell it forms a right angle w^hose limbs are equal, projecting bor-
derwards, in the cell one whose limbs are unequal projecting basewards,
the short limb being the continuation of that of the interspace above,
extending to the middle of the cell, whence it is directed to the origin
of the first median nervule, is a^ain bent here at ri^ht angles before
reaching it and continues to the internal nervure, whence it extends
bent slightly borderwards to the inner margin; the outer border of the
band starting from the costal border of the wing passes iu one arch to
the second subcostal nervule, here extends borderwards to the middle
of the interspace opposite the extremity of the cell, and thence moves
in a gradual crenulated curve, passing just beyond the extremity of the
cell to the inner border; the band is broader than in most species of
the genus, and is especially so on the median nervures; the nervures
are all distinctly flecked with white.

1 9 ; Albany River, Hudson's Bay. W. H. Edwards.

10 [JULY

Although Moschler refers in his synonymy of (7. Taycjete to all the
figures given by Hiibner as representing Taygete in his Lep. Exot., yet
he does not seem to include in his description such forms as Hiibner
figures for the $ . I do not find any similar form of either sex figured
or described anywhere which corresponds to this 9 except the one de-
scribed by Edwards referred to in my synonymy, and from a comparison
of specimens from Labrador which agree perfectly, some (both % and 9 )
with the % as figured there, and another ( $ , Edwards' specimen) which
agrees with the 9 as Hiibner represents it, I cannot now believe that
the}' belong to one species; it would greatly surprise me if a large num-
ber of specimens should prove it. I have therefore described it here
as a distinct species. The two forms on Hiibner's plate are not those
considered by some as distinct species under the names of Taygetr
(Bootes Bd.) and Bore ; these, so far as I am acquainted with them.
I agree with Moschler in considering as one species, to which the name
of Bore must be given (which Moschler points out to be the older one).
in accordance with the principle I would maintain that the oldest spe-
cific name must always be retained (unless preoccupied) whether given
with a description of the norm or of an aberrant form.

The figure given by Hiibner difiers from the specimen here described,
both of the same sex, in having the ground color of the upper surface
lighter, but a single less distinct eye (in cell 5 of primaries) and a more
distinct submarginal interrupted row of blackish bars on both wings ;
beneath the primaries are brighter, have the one eye largely pupilled
with white, the middle band of the secondaries on both sides (on the
outer most distinctly) bordered with whitish, and in having more clus-
tered blackish scales next the margin forming an inconspicuous dusky
band ; the outer margin of the middle band, moreover, is indented
throughout.

4. Chionobas Bore

Chionobas Bore Schiodte, in Rink, Naturhist. Bidrag til en Beskriv. af GriJn-
land, 64.

Chionobas Bootes Boisduval, Icones hist, des Lepidopt. I. 191, PI. 37. figs. 4— G.
" Hist. gen. et Icones Lepidopt. de I'Am. Sept. 218.

Herrich-Schjeffer, Syst. Bearb. d. Schmett. von Europa [.

Tagfalter, 69.
Moschler, Wiener ent. Monatschr. IV. 342.
Morris, Synojj. Lepidopt. N. Am. 72.
Chionobas Taygete Hiibner, Saraml. Exot. Schmett. Lep. I, Pap. I, Nymph. IX.
Oread. D, Nubilse 4, figs. 1—2.
Herrich-Schseffer, Syst. Bearb. d'Schmett. von Europa I.

Tagfalter 70, Tab. xxi, figs. 112—113.
Doubleday, Westwood and Hewitson, Gen. Diurn. Lepidopt.

II, 383.
Moschler, Wiener entom. Monatschr. IV, 342: VII, 213.

18(35.] n

Expanse of wings I 1.84—2.00; 9 1.9G— 2.12 inches.

Head, thorax and abdomen bhick, with hairs of the color of the upper
.surface of the winirs; stalk of antennje annulated with brown and <iray-
ish-white ; club light yellowish-brown, fointly annulated with dusky,
the tip much darker. Palpi white, with longer blackish-brown hairs
beneath, tip of mingled hairs principally blackish. Femora with black-
i.*h-brown, tibiae with yellowish hairs.

Wings above; % dark brown, 9 paler yellowish-brown, with darker
marginal bauds ; outer border narrowly edged with black ; beneath
flecked with hoary on apex of primaries and on whole of secondai'ies
except the borders of the middle band and a darker submarginal band;
t'riuge dull grayish-white, narrowly interrupted at the nervule-tips with
blackish.

Above. PrimarlcH : basal half of costal edge flecked or marbled with
grayish-w^hite and dark brown; S uniformly pretty dark brown, with a
slight yellowish tinge, with a blackish-haired streak as in % of C.JuWt,
only separated from the median nervure next the base. 9 P<iler or
ilarker yellowish-brown, with a more or less distinct dusky band along
the whole outer border ; the transverse costal streaks of the outer half
of the wing sometimes indistinctly showing through from the under
surface ; generally without eyes, in cell 5 sometimes an indistinct
brownish eye, largely gray-pupilled. Secondaries : S as in primaries,
the markings of the under surface showing through pretty distinctly ;
a submarginal band of indistinct yellowish-brown spots, between which
and the border a very indistinct dusky band ; 9 the whole basal half
dusky, sometimes less distinctly so next the base, the markings of the
under surface showing through ; outer half of wing paler than the pri-
maries, a rather broad marginal band of blackish-brown, always more
distinct on its inner margin, whei'e it condenses into transverse blackish
bars between the nervules, to which the band is sometimes almost con-
fiued, and upon which sit faint yellowish-white spots, barely discerni-
ble.

Beneath. Primaries paler than above; varying from pale to deeper
yellowish-brown, at the apex grayish-white, extending down the outer
border to the median nervules and sometimes spreading as a hoary tint
over nearly the whole apex beyond the cell ; the whole wing, except
inner border, transversely barred with more or less clustered grayish-
brown streaks, which almost always congregate with greater distinctness
to form two larger narrow transverse streaks reaching from the costal
ijuite or near to the inner border, one submarginal. the other crossing at

U [July

the extremity of the cell, bent at the last median nervule ; they are
also generally collected to form a slender streak between the two. ex-
tending from the costal border half way over the wing, and to form a
spot or transverse streak in the middle of the cell ; in cell 5 there is
occasionally an indistinct small white spot. Secondaries: the basal
portion of the wing before the band next the base is blackish-browu.
marbled slightly with grayish-white, next the band grayish-white, mar-
bled slightly with blackish -brown, forming a narrow band
f j \ >3\ bordering the middle band, broad on the costal border, nar-
row and more obscured on the inner ; the band is rather
broad, its outer limits distinctly though but narrowly black-
'ish, its inner portion marbled with narrow, short, transverse
streaks of blackish-brown and yellowish-brown scales, darker
next the limits, sometimes obscured by hoariness. especially at costal
border, where it is almost always present ; the inner border forms a
pretty regular curve bent at the extremities towards the apex, except
that it forms a broad deep depression in the middle in the lower half
of the cell, which reaches the origin of the first median nervule; the
outer border is also pretty symmetrically curved except it bends abruptly
at right angles on the second subcostal nervule, extending outwards a
shorter or longer distance, and thence curves pretty regularly to the
inner border, though when it extends outwards considerably at the se-
cond median nervule it generally has a slight depression at the first
median nervule; it is generally toothed slightly on the subcostal half of
its course, especially on either side of the second subcostal nervule. and
crenulate on the median half, but it is sometimes even throughout its
course; beyond the band the basal half is generally more or less hoary,
with generally a distinct hoary band next the middle baud; there is a
submarginal band, generally of equal width with the hoary band, of
uniform marbling of blackish-brown and yellowish-brown transverse
streaks, washed more or less, or sometimes not at all. with hoary, in the
outer margin of which are generally seen pale yellowish spots in the
interspaces; next the border a marginal band generally of greater width
than the preceding, of blackish-brown scales, more or less marbled next
the margin with the paler colors and alway.^ most distinct away from
the margin, forming there deeper or fainter spots of blackish-brown in
till- interspaces to which the band is sometimes limited, small white
spots frequently sitting upon the border in the interspaces; nervures.
when not rubbed, distinctly flecked with white.

2^,0$; Hopedale. Labrador. Dr. A. S. Packard. Jr. Laljrador.
W. H. Edwardb.

1865.] 18

I
Aiuoug the specimens received through the kindness of Mr. Edwards, i ]

are a % marked Bootes and a 9 marked Taj/r/ete. so ticketed by Mb.schler.

and both understood to be from iiubrador. In agreement with Mbsch-

ler I believe 0. Bootes and C. Taj/;jrtr to be the same species. j

I
■>. Chionobas Oeno. j

f1hio7iobas Oeno Boisduval, Icones hist, des Lepidopt. I. 195, PI. .39, figs. 4 — ti.
" Hist. gen. et Icones Lepidopt. de I'Am. Sept. 220.

Morris, Synop. Lepidopt. N. Am. 72. I

Moschler, Wiener, Entom. Monatschr. IV. 342; VII. 211.
Chionobas Al.10 Boisduval, Hist. gen. et Icones Lepidopt. de I'Am. Sept. 22L'. I

Morris, Synop. Lepidopt. N. Am. 71. <

Moschler. Wiener, Ent. Monatschr. VH. 205.
Chionobas Crambis Doubleday, Westwood and Hewitson, Genera Diurnal Lep- ,

idopt. .38;?.

(Boisduval in his Icoues hist, des Lepidopt. docs not describe his ('. .

Also as from America except the White Mountain specimens which be- ,

long to another species, V. semvhu. By a strange confusion of etiquettes 1

on specimens received originally from Dr. Harris, he speaks of it as ■

called *S'(^/, erltiosa by Harris. See my paper in Bost Jourii. Nat. !
lli.-^t. \il. 618.)

Kxpanse of wings % 1.7S — :i.((4in.; 9 1.96 — 2.14 in.

Head, thorax and abdomen black, with blackish-brown hairs ; stalk
of antennae above blackish-brown annulated with white, below brownish-
yellt>w delicately annulated with brownish; club above yellowish-brown. '

below brownish-yellow, tip more dusky. Palpi above whitish or grayish- j

haired, tip blackish-haired; beneath blackish-haired, more or less, some- j

times very much, mixed with yellowish-brown hairs. Legs brownish,
tibije lighter than femora. '

Wings above varying from dark brown to yellowish-brown, primaries j

sometimes with small obsolete eye-like spots, secondaries with the de-
.sign of the under side sometimes showinji- throuiih; beneath, primaries
like upper surface, hoary-tipped ; secondaries marked with blackish- I

brown, ochraceous-brown and grayish-white, with a darker middle band |

bounded by grayish bands sometimes obscured by uniform marbling ;
the outer border of the wings delicately edged with black; fringe pure '

white, grayish-white or grayish-yellow, interrupted at nervule-tips with
blackish.

Above. Primaiiis dark brown, more or less tingeil with reddish,
t'ither uniformly or a little more considerably next the outer border. I

often deepening into very indistinct spots in the interspaces; sometimes
uniform dark brown, considerably tinged with yellowish ; sometimes ^^.^a..
slate-brown, the border paler or tinged with yellowish; the costal edii*'^\3\ U/

UJ LIBRA

14 [July

more or less distinctly marbled with jjrayish-white and blackish-brown,
in my specimens more distinctly in the 9 ; occasionally in cell 5, very
seldom in cell 2, and in one instance before me also in cell 3, very small,
indistinct, generally very faintly gray-pupilled eyes; in the example
which has an eye in cell 3, that eye is but a dot, those of cells 2 and r\
large, oval, blind; in one % with Moschler's etiquette of " Cramhia"
there is a very indistinct, indefinite hairy spot on the median nervure
as in C. Bore. Secondaries much like the primaries, more dusky on
the basal half, paler in a submarginal band, in which are generally dis-
tinct, small, yellowish-white or ochre-yellow spots in the interspaces,
with a blackish-brown or blackish submarginal band condensing into
spots between the nervules; sometimes the markings of the under sur-
face, and sometimes even the outer limit of the band, show through
scarcely at all upon the upper surface, while in other cases all of the
markings are plainly seen, especially on the outer half.

Beneath. Primaries scarcely paler than the upper surface; some-
times not at all, sometimes considerably, flecked with blackish-brown,
occasionally condensing into minute ti'ansverse streaks, more abundant
on the outer half of the wing ; whole costal edge distinctly marbled
with black and white; apex flecked or marbled with gi-ayish-white and
blackish-brown, seldom encroaching on the 5th cell ; occasionally the
cross nervule closing the cell narrowly edged with black ; the eyes of
the upper surface sometimes repeated beneath, and then similar in cha-
racter; the individual before noted with the hu-ge spots, however, ha^
them distinctly white-pupilled beneath. SccDiiihiries: basal portion ,i>
far as the band either nearly uniformly marbled with grayish-white and
blackish-brown, but with the darker colors slightly in excess near the
base, or distinctly darker next the base, and only distinctly
gray in a baud bordering the middle band which is very
broad next the outer border and sometimes only linear next
)the inner border; in my specimens the former is generally
the case in the 9 , the latter iu the S , but I question whe-
ther a larger number of specimens would exhibit the same distinctions:
the middle band is considerably darker, generally quite narrowly edged
with blackish, within marbled with blackish and reddish-brown, the
lighter colors gradually less distinct next the border; the band is not
so broad as usual ; its inner border passes in a regular curve from the
inner border of the wing to the middle of the cell, not reaching so far
outward as the divarication of the median nervure ; from here it is bent
al)ruptly toward the base and forms a bvuad. nnimled and considerable

1865.] 15

projection in that direction to the middle of the interspace beyond the
subcostal nervure ; the outer margin starting from the costal border
runs generally in a straight line a little inwards to the second subcos-
tal nervule ; bent outwards, generally rather abruptly, it extends in a
broad curve to the inner border, sometimes in a smooth line, frequently
erenulated, occasionally slightly angulated ; this broad curve is gene-
rally depressed basewards more or less at the first median nervule, but
Dccasioaally it is wanting; the abrupt change at the second subcostal
nervule is also sometimes obscured so as to be unnoticeable by the an-
gularity of the band at this point, and it is sometimes indistinguish-
able even where the course of the margin is smooth. Beyond the
middle band the wing is marbled with blackish-brown, ochraceous
and grayish-white, the latter most conspicuous on the portion next
the middle band, forming a band bordering the middle band in which
the ochraceous tints are seldom seen ; between this and a dusky
border band which is sometimes indistinct, sometimes conspicuous by
the presence of blackish-brown spots in the interspaces either at its
marginal or internal border, there is generally an indistinct band of
blackish-brown and ochraceous marbling, with some interspersed scales
of grayish-white; in this band are small, round, white, grayish-white
nr yellowish-white, generally distinct spots; sometimes the whole apical
portion of this wing beyond the middle band is so obscured by grayish
scales as to be nearly uniformly hoary, though deeper away from the
border ; sometimes the whole wing is so nearly uniformly marbled with
blackish-brown and grayish-brown spots (not streaks), the latter occa-
sionally tinged with ochraceous, that the middle band and all the other
V)ands are quite obliterated ; quite frequently the whole base as far as
the outer border of the middle band is almost wholly obfuscated with
blackish-brown or blackish so as to show no trace of the middle band ex-
cept its outer border, in which case the outer half of the wing is gene-
rally nearly uniformly marked, and may even itself be almost wholly
obscured by blackish; the modifications and interchanges of all these
variations show, however, that all the specimens exhibiting them, in-
cluding not only the variations heretofore referred by authors to C.
Also, but also those specimens of greater uniformity of aspect referred
to C. Genu Bd , must be referred to one and the same species.

7 S , 5 9 ; Hopedale and Strawberry Harbor. Labrador; Dr. A. 8.
Packard, Jr. Labrador ; W. H. Edwards.

Moschler, in his article upon the genus C'hionobas in Europe (Wiener
Kntomologische Monatschrift VH, 169), and we believe all previous
authors, have considered the species described by Boisduval under the

16 [July

names of 0. Ocno and C. Also to be distinct. On a most rigid coni-
parison of Moschler's descriptions of the two forms, together with all
his notes, and a comparison of the twelve individuals in the collection
before me from Labrador, which must belong to one or the other or to
both, undertaken, too, with a general bias in favor of Moschler's deter-
minations as evincing evident care and good judgment. I must confess
myself unable to see any good ground for considering C. Ocno as dis-
tinct from G. Ahn, notwithstanding Moschler's remark that " Ocno can-
not easily be confounded with any of the allied species" (p. 213).

In the first place I would call attention to some incongruities in the
descriptions of Mbschler. In his description of C. Also he first says,
•• Primaries with or without 1-2 black, sometimes white pupilled eyes.
Secondaries without eyes" (pp. 208—9). He next says: "All specimens
agree in this, that the secondaries always bear an eye either on the
upper or on the under side" (p. 209). A few lines after, under the
description of the male, these words occur: '-All the wings without
trace of eyes" (p. 209). Only two lines after this we find, still undei'
the description of the male, that there are '■ in the cells of all the wings
yellow points, cell 5 of the primaries with a small blind black eye. which
on the under side is distinctly white-pupilled" (pp. 209-10). The
next reference we find to these eyes is under the description of the
female, where the primaries are " either * * * without eyes, or * * with
* * two black eyes in cells 2 and 5, of which the first is sometimes
white pupilled, or * * * two eyes, of which sometimes both are pupilled,
sometimes both are blind, sometimes one blind, the other pupilled"
(pp. 210—11). Speaking further on of the underside in the female,
he says : '• Should the upper side of the primaries have eyes, beneath
they are always white-pupilled" (p. 211). 1 will only add that the
specimen of Chionohas before me, labelled ^•Cramhis" by Moschler,
( which he considers synonymous with C. A/xo) has no trace of eyes on
primaries or secondaries above or beneath. Such discrepancies as these
of course render this part of his description useless.

" Oeno," says Mbschler, •' cannot easily be confounded with any of
the allied species; both the lesser size and ihe diaphanous coloring, but
most especially the coloring of the under side of the secondaries, .sepa-
rate this species decisively from the others" (p. 213). We quote this
to show that in these very points we cannot see why 0. Oeno should
be separated from C Also. These are the distinctions as given by
him.

I. The expanse of wings as given by Mbschler, is for C. Also 42-50
millimetres; for 0. Oeno 40-43 millimetres.

1<S65.] 17

II. The transparency of the winces. Tender the note in the descrip-
tion of C. Aho, referring to a description by Boisduval. Mbschler says :
'' These words (leur transparence est telle, que Ton volt a travers tout
le dessin du dessous) certainly refer well to Oeno H. Sch., for I never
found in Cramhis (Also Bd ) the design of the under side of the se-
condaries appearing so distinctly on the upper side as is the case in
Oeno" (p. 208). Further on. under the description of the upper sur-
face of C. Oeno, he says : '' The secondaries are of a like color with the
primaries, the dusky marbling of the under side shines distinctly
through especially on the outer half of the wing" (p. 212). No refe-
rence is made to such transparency of the wings in C. Also.

III. The design of the under side of the secondaries; the special dis-
tinctions insisted upon are :

A. The coloration of the nervures.

On this point, under the description of C. Also, Moschler says :
'•Nervures not flecked with white" (p. 209); and further on, '"the
nervures of the secondaries are not flecked with white on the under
side" (p. 211). Under the description of O. Oeno we find these words :
'• Nervures ** delicately flecked with white" (p. 211); and again,
" the nervures in all fresh specimens are rubbed with whitish and mar-
bled by the black of the ground color" (p. 213). "In worn speci-
mens" it is stated, among other things, that " the white flecking of the
nervures is wanting" (p. 213). In his comparison of Boisduval's plates
of C. Oeno and C. Also, he says^ furthermore, ■' the nervures in fig. 6
are flecked with white as Oeno always shown them, but Cramhis [i. e.
Also'] never" (p. 2U8).

B. Spots on the hind border of secondaries.

Under C. Oeno we find the ''border with black spots situated be-
tween the nervures" (p. 211). This refers to the under side. A little
beyond, describing the upper side of the secondaries, he says : " The
border is characterized by clustered blackish atoms, which form on the
nervures black spots situated on the white fringe, which in the 9 are
much more distinctly and broadly marked than in the S " (p. 212).
Returning again to the description of the under side of the same, he
mentions that " before the border the black condenses into spots which
are both established upon the border and also cut through the fringe
as well, whereby this appears more broadly dappled with black than in
the allied species" (p. 213); but he does not here tell us whether
they are situated upon or between the nervures; the former is the case
both above and below in the specimens before me. In his comparisons
of Boisduval's figures again, speaking of the under surface he says :

18 [July

" Uramhis [i. e. Also] also always waats the black spots situated on the
border, which form a principal distinction in Oeiio" (p. 208); and once
more, " finally the row of black spots before the border shows itself
distinctly only in Oeno^ though in Crumbis l_Also'] a dusky coloring
extends along the border, yet does not exhibit so sharply defined deep
black spots as in Oeno" (p. 209).

C. The general direction of the band.

Under C. Also it is stated that " on the outside the band runs from
the inner border [costal border is meant] to nervure 6, where it is bent,
whence it sometimes extends widely towards the border [outer border]
to a pointed tooth, but more frequently forms only a short projection
and continues gradually bent backwards to nervure 2nd, thence bent
again, reaching the inner border. On the inside it forms on the front
nervure of middle cell an arch upon the inside, which sometimes
curves very strongly, but generally only a little, and then extends to
the inner border in conformable curves with the other side" (p. 210) ;
of the same parts in C. Oeno he says, '' This band on the inside turns
back towards the base to a greater or less extent on the subdorsal and
subcostal nervures, whereby a concavity {Einhiichfunff') is formed in
the middle cell. Upon the outside it runs into a pretty symmetrical,
bluntly indented* arch extending to the border, widest at the 4th ner-
vure" (p. 212); and in addition to the distinctions given in these ex-
tracts, there is the following remark on the comparison of Boisdu-
val's descriptions : '' The expression ' crenelee,' which is applied to the
outside of the middle baud, suits perfectly the form of this band in
Oe?io, much less in Cramhia (Also)" (p. 209).

D. The frequent obliteration of the bands by the uniform marbling
or obfuscation of the whole surface.

Under 0. Also he says, " In some specimens in my collection the
whole under surface of the secondaries is so obscured by black marbling
that the middle band appears scarcely darker than the ground, and
the light bands on both sides of them only appear through indistinctly"
(p. 210). Under C. Oeno in speaking of the gray bands bordering
the middle band he says, " the inner is often wholly obscured by dusky
atoms, and the outer also is often scarcely distinguishable, so that in
such examples the whole wing appears uniformly marbled with white
and black" (p. 213). He further remarks in his observations on Bois-
duval's figures and descriptions, " The description of tlie underside of
the secondaries by Boisduval can be applied still less to CraiubtK

* A " variety" is mentioued where it is deeply indented.

1865.] 19

[.l/.w]. He says 1. c. ' * * traverse aw uiilieu par une bande * * * (jni
qurlqurjhis ne peril presque completement dans les marhriires de fond.
****.' We cannot say of the latter species [^4^so] that this band
blends perfectly into the design of the ground, for in Cramhis \_Aho'\
the middle band is always distinctly separated from the ground color,
while in dark colored specimens of Oeno the black marbling certainly
covers band and ground color so uniformly, that it becomes difficult to
distinguish the former in its course" (pp. 208, 9).

In regard to these various points of distinction which are now clearly
set forth in opposition, I will bring forward the following considera-
tions. I have under examination a S of C Also, marked Cramhis by
Moschler himself, as I am informed, which agrees well with the dis-
tinctive characters of G. Also as he gives them. I have also undoubted
specimens of C. Oeno from Labrador, in one of which no trace what-
ever remains of the middle band upon one wing, and the scarcely dis-
cernible outline of its outer limit upon the other, which has also pro-
minent black spots upon the border of secondaries, some of the ner-
vures delicately flecked with white, and the markings of the under
surface showing through upon the upper side with almost perfect dis-
tinctness; it measures, however, fifty millimeters in expanse of wings.

Xow between these two I have not before me every shade of differ-
ence, but I believe that a larger number would show it unquestionably,
for in the comparatively few which I have, I find those which I can-
not reasonably place with one rather than with the other, which have
the outer border of the band varying so much that in some I find it
agreeing with C. Also in its abrupt arching of the central portion,
sometimes bent at the second nervure and not at the sixth, sometimes
at the sixth and not at the second, sometimes with a continuous curve,
and in all these cases sometimes with crenulations, sometimes without,
though the continuous curve is generally accompanied by crenulations,
and the bending of the border at the second and sixth nervures to form
the arching of the central portion is usually unaccompanied by crenu-
lations ; the flecking of the nervures with white appears to be equally
unimportant. The specimen marked '' Cramhis" by Moschler, which is
an undoubted C. Also, shows a portion of the nervures delicately flecked
with white, while an unquestionable C. Otno with nearly uniform black
marbling shows none at all, and so it varies indiscriminately through
the series ; and further, although those which approach most nearly to
the description of C. Oeno as given by ^Moschler do generally have
black spots on the border, I have before me two individuals with uni-

20 [July

form marbling, undoubted specimens of C. Oenn, which have no spots
whatever, and of those about which I am in doubt whether to place
with one or the other, some have and some have not these black spots,
and when in this they approach C. Oeno they are quite as apt in
their other characters to resemble C. Also. Neither am I able (the
only other resort) to separate those with the nearly uniform marblins
from all the rest, since some of the latter have the course of the middle
band precisely the same, have the black spots on the secondaries, and
show the markings through upon the upper side in some cases as well.
So that the result of my comparisons is, that I cannot believe that the
individuals separated by Moschler as two distinct species under the
names which Boisduval first gave them of C. Oeno and C Also, in
reality belong to more than one rather more than usually variable
species.

6. Chionobas semidea.

Chionobas semidea Edwards, in Morris' Synop. Lepidopt. N. Amer. 351.
Scudder, Proc. Essex Inst. III. 169.

" Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII. 621. PI. XIV, figs. 2-8.

Hipparchia semidea Say, Amer. Ent. PI. 50.

" Ent. of N. Amer. (Ed. Leconte). I. 113. PI. 50.
Harris, Ins. injurious to Veg. (Ed. 1862), 304, fig. 126.

Cmnonympha semidea Morris, Synop. Lepidopt. N. Amer. 80.

Chionobas Also Boisduval, Icones. hist. des. Lepidopt. I. 197.

" Hist. gen. et Icones Lepidopt. de I'Amer. Sept. 197-

Satyrus eritiosa ! Harris teste Boisduval, Icones hist, des Lepidopt. I. 197. —
(See my remarks on p. 13.)

Expanse of wings % i.80 — 2.06, average 1.92 in. $ 1.76 — 2.08, ave-
rage 1.98.

Head, thorax and abdomen black with blackish brown and yellowish
brown hairs, the latter especially upon the abdomen ; back of head
and front of thorax with many grayish scales. Antennae brownish-
yellow, generally paler or brighter on the club with a line of black
scales above, generally continued to the tip, and of white scales on the
stalk below; extreme tip of club often dusky. Palpi with long blackish
hairs below, short whitish hairs above. Legs dark brown, femora
darker than tibiae or yellowish-brown ; tibiae, especially anterior pair,
flecked with gray.

Wings above nearly uniform dark brown, the markings of the under
surface of secondaries appearing through, the whole outer margin deli-
cately edged with black; beneath, primaries a little paler, apex nuirbled

1865.] 21

with black and white ; secondaries marbled with blackish, blackish-
brown, jiTayish-ochraceous and grayish-white, a broad dark middle
band crossing the wing; fringe alternate brownish-white and blackish-
brown, the latter at the nervure tips, wholly blackish-brown along the
inner edge of secondaries.

Above. Primaries uniform dull brownish-fuscous, more or less slightly
tinged with ochraceous ; the whole costal edge, very narrowly at tip,
marked with blackish-brown and grayish-white, generally quite dis-
tinctly; in cell 5 occasionally a minute gray-pupilled eye sometimes
barely discernible; about one out of five of those under examination
have it, though this number includes all which have the merest dot; the
markings of the under side show through slightly at the apex. Secon-
daries: the markings of the under surface invariably appear upon the
upper with considerable distinctness, ;is much, and generally more
so than in C. Oeno ; the basal half of about the same uniform tint as
the primaries, or a shade darker, in the outer half more or less dis-
tinctly mottled with grayish-fuscous and brownish-fuscous, sometimes
darker next the margin. Beneath. Primaries slightly paler than the
upper surface ; the costal border is marked with blackish and whitish,
usually increasingly so away from the base, broadening into a spot at
the apex, which, however, does not usually encroach on the fifth cell,
except to form a similar border to the outer margin as far as the second
median nervule ; the eye when present is repeated below, just as mi-
nutely but generally distinctly white-pupilled ; the only other marking
which is generally seen upon all specimens is a dusky broad band bor-
dering the outer limits of the cell, which is most distinct at its outer
borders, one along the cross-nervule closing the cell, the other beyond
not quite parallel to it, but rather more nearly at right angles to the
costal border; this band extends to the third median nervule, or if it
exists beyond it, it is either continued on as a fuscous blotch to the
second median nervule or the darker streak of the outer margin only
is bent towards the base subparallel to the outer margin of the wing
and continues as far as the first median nervule. Besides these, how-
ever, there is usually a freckling of the wing with brown, either uni-
ibrmly distributed or mo.st frequently more distinctly on the outer half
and especially the upper portion of it, or sometimes confined to the
outer half only, sometimes clustering into short transverse streaks,
especially between the extremity of the cell and the outer margin.
Secondaries : basal portion marbled with blackish or blackish-brown
and grayish-white, very seldom uniformly distributed, the latter conspi-

22 [July

cuous only as a band bordering the middle band, broadest next the costal
border, the latter generally entirely obscuring the rest of
the basal field and sometimes quite or almost obliterating
the grayish band, the middle band very broad, colored
A more uniformly than in most of the allied species, and
darker in proportion to the rest of the wing than is usu-
ally the case in the other species, marbled with blackish
and grayish-fuscous, occasionally tinged slightly with ochraceous, the
black condensing along the borders into narrow hands, the rest of the
band generally nearly uniform in tint and not often deepening in color
from the middle ; the inner border in passing from the costal margin
is generally bent outwards before reaching the subcostal nervure with
a slight generally angular pit, and then passing the subcostal nervure
by but a little space is bent very deeply into a V-shaped, occasionally
U-shaped depression, extending nearly to the inner border, the hot.
tom of the depression reaching nearly, very seldom ([uite. to the origin
of the first median nervule ; I have one specimen where the inner
border crosses the wing with but a slight trace of any depression ; the
usual direction of the outer border may be said to be that of two nearly
or quite straight creuulate lines, bent upon the third median nervule
as far beyond the extremity of the cell as the width between the ner-
vules at this point, at an angle of about 85 — 90 degrees, occasionally
projecting into a slender tooth at this point, one end of the band strik-
ing the costal border at such a point that a line drawn from it at right
angles to the margin would strike about midway between the origin of
the second and third subcostal nervules, the uther striking the inner
border at a point as far from the tip of the first median nervule as that
is from the middle of the interspace between the tips of the second
and third median nervules ; this angle is, however, often obscured by
a more or less regular curve to the whole line, which again is now and
then indented in a similar manner to C. Oeno, but it almost invariablv
shows a tendency to return to this angular appearance, and the con-
tinuous baseward direction of the border as it approaches the costal
margin is quite a peculiar feature in this species.

Beyond the middle band the wing is marbled with blackish-brown,
grayish-ochraceous and grayish-white, the latter almost always condensed
and connected next the middle band to form a band bordering it, rarely
tinged faintly with bluish ; sometimes the blackish-brown is condensed
into spots sitting upon the outer border; very seldom indistinct whitish
dots are present in the interspaces halfway between the middle band

1865.] 23

and the margiii ; occasionally, though but very seldom, the outer half
of the wing is uniformly marbled throughout, and in some individuals
the whole wing is covered with nearly uniform marbling, or is so ob-
scured by blackish that the markings as here described are iudistin-
guisliable, and in such cases the under surface of the secondaries can-
not be distinguished from similar cases in C. Otno; the nervures are
not flecked with white.
Thirty % , twenty-four 9 .

Alpine summits of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, 5500 —
6300 feet above the sea.

(Harris remarks in his Injurious Insects, p. 304, that " it has also been
seen on the Monadnock Mountain, and will probably be discovered on
the tops of high mountains in our own State, if looked for at the proper
season." Some other Satyrid must have been mistaken for this by the
observer on Mt. Monadnock, I am very sure, though that mountain,
with its barren summit, would be more favorable for its habitation than
any in our own State, for the highest of these not only is wooded to the
summit, but I have ascended it many times at all seasons of the year,
on entomological excursions, without meeting with this butterfly.)

The first description and figure of this species was that given by Say
in his American Entomology, plate 50. In this figure the secondaries
are represented broader than in nature, and in the coloring it is not
very accurate; the upper surface is not dark enough, and should not
have the nervures so reddish as given there ; the under surface of the
secondaries never has so marked an infusion of ochraceous colors in the
outer half, and when it is at all conspicuously present, it also exhibits
it somewhat on the basal half; the character also of the markings on
the basal half is an unusual one, not representing the norm.

The plate given in the republication of this work, with his other
writings collected by Dr. LeConte, is one which was re-engraved for
the work, the original being one of the few which were unfortunately
destroyed. As it is a faithful copy, the faults of outline are retained ;
it was colored, however, from a specimen furnished by myself; the
upper surface is thereby much improved, being in the main satisfactory;
the under surface of the secondaries is, however, even worse, if anything,
than the original, the ground color being given as almost dull olivace-
ous, and the marbling represented by coarse irregular blotching rather
than by confluent, short, transverse streaks or bars; beyond the middle
band the darker colors are just where the lighter ones should be; whitish
bands arc given only as very narrowly bordering the middle band, as 1

24 [July

have never seen them, and the outer border of the middle band is that
of rather a peculiar variation, the exact counterpart of which I do not
remember to have noticed unless when accompanied by grayish mark-
ings toward the outer border, entirely absent in this figure; somethiny
near it, however, is seen in those forms which show most resemblance
to C. Oeno.

The description given by Harris in the posthumous edition of his
work on Injurious Insects is inaccurate in stating that the male diflPers
from the female in having the wings -paler and with more of an ochre-
yellow tint." The figure is quite good for a wood cut, but the mark,
ings of the outer half of the secondaries beneath are too coarsely repre-
sented, and the specimen from which it was figured, probably furnished
by myself, unfortunately again represents one in which the inner mar-
gin of the middle band, and the whole basal field is quite obscured by
blackish ; the outer margin of the middle band is well represented and
normal.

The figure given by myself in my paper on the Insects of the White
Mountains is much more satisfactory, and, indeed, leaves little to be
desired that could be given in a plate of that kind. One or two points,
however, may be mentioned : it is exceedingly seldom that specimens
are seen with a narrow black band between the middle band and the
base of the wing on the under side of secondaries; the inner margin of
the middle band has in the figure an unusually shallow depression on
the median nervure not nearly reaching its first branch ; the outer
margin of the same is not bent so abruptly as usual, and extends even
further than usual up the costal border ; and lastly, the upper side of
primaries should not have so distinct a lighter outer half since the color
is nearly uniform, but the outer half should be represented as dark as
the base ; in the secondaries the diaphanous markings of the under
side make the diflFerence.

Dr. Behr having expressed (Proc. Calif Acad. Nat. 8c. III. 165)
his doubts about the feeding plant of Chionobas semidea, in consequence
of some indefiniteness in my statement that they fed on a lichen ( Pel-
tu/era canina Hofi"m.). I will state what I know in regard to them more
explicitly. I have never found more than six or eight specimens, and
of these not more than half alive; those found alive were always found
upon this fleshy lichen, but were never seen actually eating it, though
if my memory serves me aright,* the lichen in one case had been eaten

*I did not then know the possible doubt of their feeding on anything else
than Monocotyledons, as set forth by Dr. Behr.

1865.] 25

at the edges; the adverse circumstances happening to attend the effort
to rear them in the valley below were enough to account for my want
of success. Mr. F. G. Sanborn has since discovered them, some drowned
in pools of water, but all living ones crawling about on the rocks whex'e
this lichen grows, though never feeding.

In a paper already referred to, entitled • Remarks ou some charac-
teristics of the Insect Fauna of the White Mountains, N. H." when
speaking of this insect, I remarked as follows: -whether or not it is
distinct from those of Greenland and Labrador, or the numerous, but
most closely allied spBcies which have been described and figured from
northern Europe, I cannot, from the confusion in which the spe-
cies of this genus appear to be, and for the want of any specimens from
other quarters, at present determine, but satisfy myself, on this occa-
sion, with a more detailed description of the species than has yet been
o-iven. only suggesting, that should it ultimately prove to be distinct,
it will only be a case analagous to what we find in the species next to
be mentioned," i. e. the presence upon the barren summits of a species
of Argynnis {A. Moiituim Scudd.), distinct from, though closely allied
to A. Boisduvalii 8omm., found farther north. Only a month or two
afterwards Mbschler's Memoir on the genus Chionohas in Europe ap-
peared, in which the species described by previous authors were treated
to a thorough revision, so that every difficulty from that source van-
ished, and at the present time the opportunity of examining quite a
number of individuals from various parts of this country, belonging to
all the hitherto described species recognized on the continent, has sat-
isfied me that the conjecture ventured there is fully established; but I
have found that the description last given by me, though • more de-
tailed" than any previous one, was still not explicit enough to be used
satisfactorily in distinguishing it from the allied species, and have
therefore presented one here which will be sufficient, I hope, for that
purpose.

It is more nearly allied to C. Oeno than to any other Chionohas. thf
two being true representative species rather than what I have termed
equivalent species or species of replacement (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
IX. 106) ; it is. moreover, more nearly allied to those forms of the spe-
cies which have been called C. Oeno by Boisduval than to those he
would place in C. Also, although he referred it to his 0. Also.

7. Chionobas Nevadensis.

Chionobas Xevadcruns Boisduval MS., Behr. Proc. Calif. Acad. Nat. So. III. 163.

Another species of Chionohas is referred to by Dr. Behr in his in-

ter'^sting "Notes on Californian Satyrides" (1. c. pp. 163 — 166) not

26 [July

yet described, but named in MS. by Boisduval N^nvadpiiais. Dr. Behr
says : "A few specimens of this new and as yet undescvibed C/nonobax
were caught by Mr. Lorquin, the discoverer of the species, and named
by Dr. Boisduval. Not possessing a single specimen of this rare spe-
cies, I am not able to give a diagnosis, and have only an indistinct recol-
lection, that the species bore most resemblance to the Gerontogeic C'l.
Tarpeja, a Siberian species that has also been found on the summit of
the Apennines, in Italy, but that in size it is superior to any Chio)iohas
known to me."

Taking for granted that my views in regard to the distinction of the
species of this genus in North America are just, and that Moschler has
correctly stated the value of the differences he has noticed among those
of Europe, with the exception of his separation of the individuals be-
longing to C. Oeno into two species (^Oeno and Also), and admitting the
exactitude of his assertions — and those of many others — that several
species of the genus are common to the subarctic regions of either side
of the Atlantic — we must picture to ourselves the genus Chlonohas a^
composed of butterflies of a sombre appearance nearly uniform in color-
ation upon their upper surface, beneath brightened by blackish and
and whitish contrasting colors, so arranged upon the secondaries as to
form a band crossing the middle of the wing, of varying width and
direction; the species inhabiting inhospitable regions, either (1) as far
toward the poles as where the snow lies upon the surface of the ground
by far the greater portion of the year, or (2) far above the limit of the
trees growing upon the sides of lofty mountains in the temperate re-
gions; and as to the geographical distribution of the species, either (1)
common to the arctic regions of both sides of the Atlantic, the indivi-
duals of each species compassing the same range and character of vari-
ation upon either side, some (a) found throughout the arctic regions
over a nearly continuous belt of country (6*. Jutta^ C Bore); others
(b) found at the extremes and not in the intermediate countries, such
as Greenland (C. Oeno); or (2) confined to the arctic regions of Eu-
rope and not found in America (T/. Norma, 0. Sculda, C. Tarpeja) or
(3) to the same regions of America and not found in Europe ( C. Calais).
or lastly (4) confined to the alpine districts of mountains rising in tem-
perate latitudes on either one or the other continent (Europe C. Aello ;
Eastern America 0. scmiJea ; Western America C. Chrt/xus). The
question then naturally arises, what relations of structure do the species
of these different localities and varying range of habitat bear to one
another? It has been asserted that species existing over a wide range

1865.] 27

of country are more variable than those limited to a smaller area, and
some arguments have been based upon this and similar assertions by
those who would maintain the derivative theory of the origin of species;
on this assumption, and in general, if holding the derivative view, we
would consistently maintain it, we should expect to find (1) that C.
Jutta and C. Bore were the most variable; (2) C. Oeno following next
in that particular, with its transatlantic and cisatlantic members exhi-
biting among themselves some slight characters by which in some inde-
scribable way, but with considerable certainty, the one could be sepa-
rated from the other ; (3) that C scmidea, restricted as it is so far as
we know to an extremely meagre patch of country, would show the least
variation of any. followed closely in that respect by C Aello ; and finally
(4) that there would be close agreement between G. semklea and some
Labrador — and probably purely Labrador — species, the relationship
being of a similar kind to that exhibited by C. Aello to some North
European — and probably purely European — species. In point of fact
almost the exact opposite appears to be true. Moschler says of what
he calls C. Also, that it varies more in design and coloring than any
other species of the genus, and therefore more than C. Jutta or C. Bore.
How much more must this be true when we combine with it in one
species what he describes as C. Oeno ; and yet in the species of nar-
rowest domain, and probably of as limited a geographical area as any
species of butterfly in the world, C. seniidea, we find a range of varia-
tion almost, if not altogether, as great as is discoverable in C. Oeno in
its largest sense, as I have used it. We find no difference in the indi-
viduals of 0. Oeno from one side of the Atlantic compared with those
on the other, any more than we do in O. Jutta and C. Bore, though
sufficient attention has not yet been paid to this point. There is also
a close agreement between C. semidea and a Labrador species, C. Oeno,
closer than that which exists between 0. Oeno and any other species
in Labrador ; but 0. Oeno is not exclusively an American species, and
although the p]uropean alpine species, C. Aello, is most allied to a purel}'
European species, C. ^^onia,^' it is not so closely related to it as the
arctic European species are among themselves. We thus see that the
relations of the alpine to the arctic species on the two continents are
nearly the reverse ; that while the American alpine species agrees very
closely with a species not purely Labradoriau, slighter affinities than
ordinary bind the European alpine fepecies to a strictly North Eui'opean
or to a purely Labrador one.

•■'Though I am in considerable doubt whether it has not more affinities with
C Calais, the purely Labrador species.

28 [August

It would seem, too. as if the relations of these insects to the sur-
rounding world, the levers by means of which Derivatists suppose Nat-
ural Selection to move the World of Life, were more constant than
usual in species of this genus, confined as it is (and as no other genus
of Diurnal Lepidoptera is) to alpine and arctic regions, and especially
if Lichens a'-e the food-plant of all of them, as I believe is the case
with C. semidea.

Boston Society of Natural History^ May 5, 1865.

ON SOME NEW SPECIES OF PSELAPHIDai.
BY EMIL BRENDEL, M. D.

{Communicated July l(lth, 1865.)

Entirely new forms of this interesting family of Coleoptera are daily
discovered, and it seems necessary to settle the question, at least with
some of them, in order not to be behind time.

By the kindness and liberal assistance of the heroes of American
Entomology, Dr. John L. LeConte of Philadelphia, and Henry Ulke of
Washington, D. C, I was enabled to acquaint myself with forms till
lately unknown, besides those I collected in different parts of the \}. S.
Encouraged by so distinguished Entomologists, I undertook to describe
the following forms, commencing with the only genus of Europe till
now not known to be represented on this Continent.

BYTHINUS, Leach.
Antennse distantes in fossa ante oculos insertfe 11-artieulatae.
Palpi maxillares 4-articulati, articulo primo filiformi secundo cla-
vato, tertio globuloso, quarto magno securiformi.
Abdomen marginatum.
Thorace subglobosus, basi angustatus.
Tarsi monodactyli.

1. B. zonatas. — Fusco-rufus, pubescens subtilissime punctulatus, capite bifo-
veato, fronte emarginato, thorace globoso, truncato, unifoveato. elytris con-
vexis, abdomine brevi marginato. Long L2 mill. metr.

Bythino macropalpi Europae simillima. Fusco-rufus, brevissime pu-
bescens. Caput laeve, vertice stigmatibus binis leviter impressis, fronte
sulcj transversali iuconspicuo leviter inipressa. uculis paulo prominulis.
Antennae breviusculae, in fovea sub frontis margine insertte, pubesceutes,
articulo primo sequenti majore, hoc iterum majore tertio, o — 9 lequalibus.
rotundatis, lOmo transverso obconico. ultimo maxinio, inflato, ovato.
Palpi maxillari minutje. articulo primo et secundo filiform bus, tertio

1!^65.] 29

«rloboso niinuto, quarto niagno fere securiformi. Thorax globosus ad
basin tnincatus Itevis. parce pubescens, zona basali punctata et foveola
basali luediana ornatus. Elytra subtilissime inconspicue punctulata,
latitudine longiora, convexa, stria dorsali nulla, stria suturali Integra,
humeris rotundatis peudeutibus. Abdomen marginatum pubescens.
ineonspicua punctulatum. Tibise posticfe arcuatae, tarsis monodactylis.
Habitat Ludovicianara et Virginiam.

2. B. carinatus. — Piceus pubescens punctatus, capite carinato, foveis duabus
ante oeulos leviter impressis, antrorsum sulco conjunctis ; fronte acuminato ;
thorace subgloboso, foveis subbasalibus tribus sulco conjunctis. Antennis 11-
articulatis. Long 1.66 mill. metr.

Elongatus, piceus. pubescens. Caput pentagonale ad basin trunca-
tum dense punctatum. medio carinatum, carina postice dilatata, utrin-
<(ue late foveatum, foveis sulco antrorsum angulato leviter impresso
connexis. fronte acuminato. Antennae insertae in fovea sub frontis
margine. articulis duobus primis magnis, longitudine 4 sequentibus
aequantibus, articulo primo cylindrico longissimo, 2ndo incrassato glo-
bose, 3. — 5. oblongis aequalibus minoribus, 6. — 8. aequalibus globosis,
9no lOmo que lato gradatim incrassatis transversis, ultimo majore ovato,
articulis ultimis tribus longitudine duabus primis aequalibus. Palpi
niaxillarcs articulo primo filiformi, 2ndo clavato tertio globoso, quarto
securiformi magno. Thorax subrotundus latitudine vix longior, lateri-
bus in medio rotundatim subangulatus, trnncatus punctatus, ad basin
trifoveatus. foveis sulco angulatim connexis, leviter impressis. Elytra
thorace fere duplo latiora, antice angsutata, convexa,' punctata ad
apicem truncata paulo declivia. stria dorsali ante medium desinente.
stria suturalo integra. Abdomen parce punctatum, pubescens, margi-
natum, segmento primo majore. Pedes punctati, tibiis pone medium
arcuatis. Tarsi monodactyli.

Specimen unicum a Henrico Ulke in Pennsylvania detectum.

BRYAXIS, Leach.
Antennae basi modice distantes, in fossula subfrontis margine insertae.
Palpi maxillares 4-articulati articulo 4to fusiformi.
Mentum cordatum basi angustatum.
Abdomen marginatum articulo Imo majore.
Tarsi unjj-uiculo siu"ulo.

■"5. B. scabra. — Niger, punctatus, antennis pedibusque rufis, capite punctato
.'1-fovcato, thorace conliuente, forte jjunctato, trifoveato, elytris nitidis punc-
tulatis, abdomine laevi pubescente. Long 1.33 mill. metr.

Statura B. propinquae. Caput dense punctulatum, foveis duabus
ante oeulos instructis, fovea altera in frontis margine impressa, anten-

30 [August

nis prufis 11-articulatus. Thorax scaber vel densissime punctatus ad
basin foveis tribus inconspicuis, fovea mediana minori. Elytra subti-
lissime dense punctulata nitida, tenuissimo pube brevi provisa, stria
dorsali pone medium abbreviata. Abdomen la3ve, parce et breviter
pubescens.

Femina antenuis brevioribus difFert.

Habitat in Insula longa Novoboracenci.

4. B. minuta. — Rufa, minutissime punctulata, dense pubescens, capite inter
insertionem antennarum impresso, thorace unifoveato elytris convexis, abdo-
mine brevi. Long 1.1 mill. metr.

Caput pentagonale, convexum, fronte eraarginato. Antennae sub
frontis margine laterali in fossula insertse. articulis duobus primis ob-
longis majoribus 3 — 8 minutis aequalibus moniliformibus, 9no lOmoque
gradatim majoribus, ultimo ovato, longitudine penultimis duobus aequa-
libus. Palpi maxillares articulo tertio globoso, 4*0 fusiformi. Thorax
hirtus, rotundatus, convexus, truncatus, punctulatus, in basis medio
fovea minuta instructus. Elytra latitudine vix longiora, pubescens,
invisibile tenuiter punctulata, stria dorsali brevissiraa ante partem
quartam abbreviata. Abdomen densius pubescens, segmento primo
majore, bistriato, striis brevissimis.

Differentia sexuum me evadit.

Habitat in Ludoviciana et Novo Eboraco.

5. B. cavicornis. — Elongata, rufa, thorace punctulato, foveis tribus interme-
dia minore ; elytris subtiliter punctulatis, antennarum articulo ultimo trian-
gulari, emarginato. Long 2 mill. metr.

Bryaxi lunigerse simillima, antennarum antem articulis ultimis tribus
essentialiter difFert. Antennarum articulo primo obconico, 2. — 4. pre-
cedeuti gradatim minore, 5 — 8 subgequali, 9^0 majore, transverse ob-
conico, lOmo praecedenti duplo longiore emarginato, fere reniformi.
ultimo maximo triangulari, emarginato, non dissimili articulo ultimo
palporum Tmesiphori.

Specimina masculina duo in Virginia dedecta a Clar. Henrico Ulke.

DECARTHRON.

Antennae distantes, 10-articulatje in fossula sub frontis margine insertae.

Palpi maxillares 4-articulatae, articulo 4to fusiformi.

Mentum basi angustatum.

Thorax unifoveatus vel laevis.

Abdomen marginatum, articulo primo majore.

Femora mediana maris plus vel minus armatae.

Tarsi monodactyli.

Genus novum sepai'atum a genere " Bryaxis."

1865.] 31

6. D. abnorme.

Bryaxis abnormis, Lee.

Mas femoribus iatermediis supra tuberositate obsoleta provisa differ! .

7. D. longulum.

Bryaxis longula, Lee.

Mas femoribus intermediis supra excisis, spina brevi formantibus
differt.

S. D. formiceti.

Bryaxis formiceti, Lee.

Mas femoribus intermediis, supra in medio spina valida provisa

differt.

9. D. cornutum. — Rubro testacea, elongata impunetuta, pubescens, capite
sculpto, thorace subgloboso, truncate, Isevi, elytris paulo convexis, abdominis
segmento prinio carina transversa basali. Long 1.80 mill. metr.

Statura elongata Batriso similis, minus convexa. Caput quadratum

angulis rotundatis, fronte sulco antrorsum semicirculari, leviter emar-

ginato, vertice in medio tubereulo transverse oblongo, spinoso, occipite

forte subito elevato, elevatione antice profunde emarginata, in cornua

dua producta. Antennae pilosae lO-articulatae, capitis thoracisque lon-

gitudine, articulo primo et seeundo majore fere aequali, 3tio minore

oblongo, 4*0 majore longitudine primo aequali, 4 sequentibus aequalibus

minimis, globulosis, nono transverso majore, ultimo maximo, ovato,

acuminato. Palpi minimi articulo seeundo cylindrico, 3tio globoso,

4to ovato acuminato. Thorax subglobosus, politus, parce pubescens,

impunctatus. basi sulco transverso inconspicuo. Elytra parce pubes-

centia, stria dorsali ante medium abbreviata. Abdomen pubescens,

segmento primo ad basin carina transversa utrinque abbreviata in-

structo. Pedes pubescentes, monodactyli.

Femina capitis sculptura obsoleta antennis que simplicibus differt.

Habitat in Illinois et Pennsylvania. Specimen unicum masculinum
in collectione mea alterum femininum in Coll. Dom Henrici Ulke.

10. D. stigmosum. — Castaneum dense breviter pubescens punctatum, capite
punctate, planiusculo, stigmatibus minutis quatuor seraicirculariter dispositis,
thorace rotundato, unifoveato, elytris convexiusculis, punctatis. Long 1.70
mill. metr.

Statura elongata, dense breviter pubescens, punctatum. Caput dense

punctatum, plano-convexiusculum, fronte ad marginem anteriorem fo-

veis minutis quatuor semicirculariter dispositis. Antennae articulo

1 — 8 moniliformibus sensim deminutivis 9no subgloboso majore, lO™*^

maximo ovato. Thorax lateribus rotundatis, subtilissime punctatus. in

basi medio unifoveatus. pubescens. Elytra punctata brevissime pubes-

32 [August

cens, striis dorsalibus fere integris. Abdomen seginento prirao utrinque
juxta marginem impresso, bistriato.

Mas feruoribus iiiedianis apice anguste profuiideque exciso.

Feinina femoribus integris. antennarum articulis ultimis niinoribus
diifert.

Habitat Novum Eboi'acum.

11. D. ezsectum. — Piceum politum impunctatum, parce pilosum : capite bitu-
veato, sulcato ; thorace obcordato, unifoveato, elytris rubropiceis, abdomiiip
polito, segmento primo bistriato. Long 1.70 mill. metr.

Statura Bryaxis subtilis, impunctatum politum. Caput trapezoideuiii
minute trifoveatum, fovea frontali minutissima cum alteris sulco capil-
lare obsolete connexa. Thorax obcordatus, truncatus, politus parce
pilosus ad basin fovea punctiformi. Elytra polita convexa, stria dor-
sali leviter impressa, ad apicem obsoleta, ad basin dilatata, humeris
pendentibus. Abdomen pilosum, politum impunctatum, segmento primo
tenuissime bistriato, striis fere integris. Antennae articulo primo cylin-
drico, articulis sequentibus subaequalibus sensim deminutivis, articulis
ultimis tribus gradatim majoribus, ultimo maximo oval i. Femora dila-
tata. Tibiae paulo arcuatae.

Mas femoribus intermediis a medio excisis, spina valida.

Femina femoribus integris.

Prfecedenti similis, sculptura tamen polita, impuuctata, pube longa
erecta et femoribus maris a medio excisis sine difficultate distinguendus.

Habitat Novum Eboracum et Pennsylvaniam.

12. D. strenuum. — Convexum fuscum dense, valde pubescens, capite inseulpto.
thorace obcordato, fovea basali punctiformi, elytra apice emarginata. Long
1.9 mill. metr.

Caput piano convexum tenue inconspicue punctulatum dense pilosum.
Antennae capite thoraceque longiores, dense pubescentes. articulis 3 — 5
a3qualibus, 6to globuloso paulo majore septimo, 7 — 9no gradatim majo-
ribus, lOnao maximo ovali. Thorax rotundatus unifoveatus, pilosus.
Klytra stria dorsali paulo obli<iua, postice obsoleta, inconspicuo punc-
tulata. Abdomen segmento primo majore. tenuiter bistriato, impunc-
tatum. Mas ignotus.

Speciesum adhuc detectarum maxima.

Specimen unicum defectum in Pennsylvania a Dom. LeConte.

1865.] 33

NOTES ON CUBAN SPHINGID.E.

BY AUG. R. GROTE,
Curator of Entomology, Buffalo Society Natural Sciences, etc.

The lepidopterous insects which form the subject matter of the pre-
sent Notice, are contained in the Collection of the Entomological Society
of Philadelphia, and were obtained by purchase, together with other
very large entomological material, from Prof Poey of Havana, Cuba,
through the liberality of the late esteemed scientist Dr. Thomas B.
Wilson, and intended by the latter for the scientific uses of the
Society.

My sincere thanks are given to Mr. Stephen Calverley, for bibliog-
nostic information, which I have used in writing the present Notice.
I am also grateful to my friend Coleman T. Robinson, Esq., for mate-
rial aid received, while, with accustomed kindness, Mr. EzraT. Cresson,
the well-known Entomologist, has lent me his very acceptable as-
sistance.

Since my present comprehension of the limit of the family Sphin-
gidse accords with that given at sufficient length by Dr. Brackenridge
Clemens in an able treatise, entitled " Synopsis of North American
Sphingidge," published in the Journal of the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia, pp, 97 to 189, for 1859, I do not add, where
I could only encumber, to a definition the perspicacity of which I
much admire. I present but a few remarks, drawn partly from the
peculiar locality of the insects that I am about to notice, for conside-
ration.

As understood in the treatise I have above alluded to, this family
constitutes a perfect unity, which it loses, when, under any artificial
term, we include either the u.^gervdpe (^Sesiidse) or the Zijjsenidse,
families in which analogical resemblances — with the one under present
consideration, have been mistaken for structural affinities.*

In examining the representatives of the family Sphinrjidx from the
West India Islands, we are struck with the preponderance of those
genera which resemble the Noctuidae ; in contrast with the represen-

* " Annaherungen wie Z. B. die der Sesioideen (.^Igeriidse) und Zygsenen

^Zygsenidffi) an die Sphinginen (Sphingidse) und dgl. halte ich gera-

dezu fur unrichtig." H-S. Lepidop. Exot. uov. a. m. cog. p. 56.

34 [August

tatives of the family from the more northern parts of the North Ameri-
can Continent where the genera allied to the Bombycidae are more
largely prevalent. As we progress towards the tropics, the Sphingidse,
^geriidx, Zygaenidse and Nbctuidx, afford the preponderant lepidop-
terous expression, while the extensive family of Bombycidas loses its
character, developed under a colder climate, and becomes a more unim-
portant feature in the entomological fauna of the Torrid Zones.

I have consulted in the preparation of this notice, in addition to the
illustrative works of the earlier authors, whose indifferent figures serve
but too frequently to disguise specific names, the following classifica-
tory works, which I now briefly refer to.

In 1816 Hubner published his " Verzeichniss,"* a work which has
received most ungenerous and defective criticism, j" since, for the age
in which he wrote, Hubner was greatly advanced in his conception of
generic values, | and his critics have occupied themselves but too fre-
quently in creating generic synonyms at his expense, and in some in-
tances with less felicity of limitation.

Hubner used the external accessories of a genus, without giving the
structural form itself, to limit his generic separations. He was satisfied
to record the superficial dissonance of distinctive structural form, with-
out ascertaining the fundamental divergence that caused that form to
vary in its entiety of physical expression. Coloration was not received
by him clearly as an idea independent of the Pattern of Ornamenta-
tion ; it is this latter which more distinctly goes hand in hand with
generic structure in Zoology; the first is an independent specific value,
or, in an extended sense, a family characteristic.

Less fortunate, perhaps, than in the Bombycidae, Hubner has arranged
much discordant material under his genera in the present family, and
many of his generic terms are consequently useless. This has probably
arisen from his being autoptically unacquainted with very many of the
species he has endeavored to arrange systematically, while the figures
he was in consequence obliged to rely on, frequently allowed from their

* Verzeichniss bekannter Schraetterlinge, verfasst von Jacob Hubner, Augs-
burg, 1816.

t For instance: "Jai du multiplier ces examples, parce que, je le repete,
on paraitvouloir aujourd'hui eriger le Verzeichniss en autorite, et j'avais besoin
d'indequer pourquoi je le considere, avec men colaborateur, comme une ceuvre
nonavenue, et pourquoi, je ne me suis point cru oblige plus que liu, d'employer
les noms generiques, souvent rudes ou burlesques, de cet ouvrage mort ne."
Guenee Noct. 1, p. Ixxiv.

X Packard, Notes on the Family Zygsenidse. Proc. Essex Ins. (1864.)

1865.] 35

rudeness a wide latitude of interpretation. I need no excuse for using
his generic term Erinnyis, under which he has arranged perfectly
homogenous material ; the elimination of the very natural genera
Ambxdyx and Philampelus had escaped his penetration.

In 1839 Dr. Harris published his " Catalogue of North American
Sphinges."* In this the author has erected the genera Philampelus
and Ceratomia. The systematic generic arrangement is I believe de-
fective, while under the term " Sphinges," distinct families are massed
together, in accordance with an idea which originated with Linnaeus,
although these are really destitute of structural affinities, as I have
already stated.

In 1856 Mr. Walker revised this Family in the " Catalogue of Lepi-
doptera Heterocera," published by the British Museum. Still retain-
ing the ^geriidae as part of a Division which cannot rank as a Family,
the Sphingulse. are introduced in conjunction with foreign elements,
and not received as a Family equivalent to the Zygsenidse^ Bomhycidse,,
or other natural associations of genera as understood by Latreille, and
to which the latter gave the proper significance of a Family name.

The arrangement of the genera, and the description and identification
of the species, appear to me generally felicitous and satisfactory; the
style in which the subject is treated by Mr. Walker, the industry
shown in the compilation of the synonymy and the conscientiousness
displayed in investigating questions of priority are worthy of acknow-
ledgement, while the evident endeavor to insist on generic values, con-
trasts favorably with the looseness in generic reference displayed by
many writers on the Lepidoptera.

From my material I have been able to differ from Mr. Walker, as
will be seen by a reference to the synonymy I have adopted, as to cer-
tain of his specific determinations.

In the same year (1856) in which that Part of the British Museum
Lists which contains the Sphingidae was issued. Prof. Burmeister f
published a quarto pamphlet on the Sphingidae of Brazil.

In this the genera Protoparce and Diloplionota are erected, neither
of which I have adopted, for the reasons that the latter is a generic
term erected at the expense of Erttmyis, Hiibner, while the former

* Descriptive Catalogue of the North American Insects belonging to the Lin-
naean genus Sphinx, in the Cabinet of Thaddeus William Harris, M. D., Libra-
rian of Harvard University. American Journal of Science and Arts, No. 2,
Vol. .36.

f Systeraatische Uebersicht der Sphingidae Brasiliens, von Professor Bur-
meister. Halle, 1856.

36 [August

comes into contact with Macrosila, Boisd. apud Walker, issued at the
same time, and I have given in the synonymy throughout the prefe-
rence to Mr. Walker. Prof. Burmeister's genera seem feebly charac-
terized, probably from want of extended material and needful dissec-
tional study, while his reference of Pachylia ficus, to Deilephila^ of
Ghstrocampa tersa to Philampehis, affords little pretence for overlook-
ing the priority of Htibner, on the score of defective generic apprecia-
tion. The definition of the genus Protoparce is, I think, incomplete,
while it is evidently intended as a synonym of Macrosila Boisd. Based
on Sphinx rusfica Cramer, the Professor enumerates under it /S.
Brontes Drury, S. IL/lseus Drury, S. plebeia Fab., S.sordida Harris,
and S. coniferarum A. & S., a singular material to select, when we see
that under Spliinx the Professor leaves *S^. Antseus Drury, S. Florestan
Cram., S. cingulata Fab. and S. Carolina L.

An affinity with Acherontia is claimed for the genus so constituted,
which I am at a loss to perceive, and am decidedly of opinion does not
exist.

I have already alluded above to the " Synopsis of North American
Sphingidae" of Dr. Brackenridge Clemens. The arrangement of the
genera in this work I have mainly followed in the present Notice, and
since the locality of the species I am considering is restricted, I have
had this further reason for abstaining from making any innovation.
The sequence of the genera in the " Synopsis" is founded on that of
Mr. Walker in the Cat. B. Mus., and is mainly that of Hiibner, com-
mencing with Sesia, Macroglossum, and genera showing analogies with
the ^Egeriidae. I have differed from the specific determinations of Dr.
Clemens in certain cases, — for instance in the genus Philampelus, where
I believe that P. vitis and P. jussieuse, are perfectly distinct and valid
species and that the specimens described by Dr. Clemens under P, oiti>^
belong to P. jussieuse, and vice versa, etc. But, very generally, Dr. Cle-
mens has taken the bibliography of the species from Mr. Walker, so
that where I have differed from the latter I have equally differed from
our American lepidopterist.

Respecting the larvae of the American Sphingidse much remains to
be made known ; the paucity of reliable figures of these is particularly
noticeable. I have observed that the larvae of Thyreus ahbotli Swains.,
and certain species belonging to the genus Philampelus Harris, possess
a tint of brown or green indifferently at maturity as the ground color,
and have noticed the same appropriation of these truly cosmical tints
in the larva of the Bombycid genus Fades Hiibner. In studying the

1865.] 37

relations which the sub-family Geratovampailx (to which the genera
Cifhf'ronia Hiibn. and Kacles Hlibn. belong) bears to the Sphingid
genus Geratomia Harris, and to the Sphimjidse generally, as in similar
instances, we divest ourselves of the idea that we have to do with a so-
called '"connecting link" between two distinct Families, and agree,
that, as is the case in Zoological Orders, Analagous Types may exist
through which lepidopterous Families express in their component
generic groups a certain conformity with the leading characters of a
distinct femily, while retaining the essential form proper to their own,
and without losing true affinity in producing foreign analogy. It is
evident that it is the larva of Geratomia which mimics the Geratocom-
padse, and not vice versa, since the smooth larval form of the Sphin-
gidae borrows a character which is usually developed in the Bomby-
cidae, though peculiarly exaggerated in the sub-family which contains
Anisoia, Adelocephala, Gttheronia and Eacles.*

Misled by an analogy of habit with the Humming Birds, the authors
of the "Wiener Verzeichniss " f have classed the Sphingidae as the
highest family of the Lepidoptera, and have considered that in this
analogy a sufficient value is demonstrated to allow of their juxta-posi-
tion with the Aves.| An inspection of their illustrated Frontispieces, on
which the feeding Vertebrate and Articulate are depicted side by side,
teaches in a striking manner the value of the philosophical distinctions
to be drawn between, and the ideas involved by, the terms "Analogy"
and " Affinity."

I give here a few remarks and a generic description drawn from cer-
tain members of this Family found within the limits of the United
States and Canada.

« I have stated (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., p. .320, 1865) that the larva of Cera-
tomia simulates that of tt'iAeronta.- in a greater degree, however, it simulates
thsit oi Eacles, belonging to the same sub-family, in the position, shape and
consistency of the dorsal horn-like tubercles on the anterior segments. The
imago of Eachs, however, is much less S2jhinx-like than that of atheroma. I
have taken the larva of Eacles imperialis on the ''gum," Liquidamhar styra-
ciflua, " beech," Fagus ferruginea, and " horse-chestnut," ^sculus hippocasta-
num.

t " Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend."
Wien, 1776.

X und in dieser Ordnung die Gattung der Honigsauger (Trochilij die

letzte stehen konnte, wie ungezwungen (1) wiirden sich unsere Abendschmet-
terlinge daranschliessen. W. V. p. 28.

38 [August

LEPISESIA, nov. gen.

A genus hitherto confounded with Macroglos.mm, but more nearly
allied to Sesia, from which it is however quite distinct. The former
genus, of which M. stellatarum is typical, is not represented in North
America.

Head smaller and more obtuse than in Macroglossum^ loosely *>. -Jed ;
antennae shorter, more prismatic, [n 8esm the head is more rounded,
and freer from the thorax, more advanced ; the antennae are much
longer and more robust ; vertex narrower ; the clypeus is shorter, epi-
cranium broader, giving the head a more conical appearance. In the
present genus the eyes are smaller compared with Sesm^ while the
wider vertex gives them a lower, more sunken position. In this respect
the genus approaches Macroglonmm^ in which latter the flattened head,
more prominent palpi and larger eyes, which are also somewhat differ-
ently placed, are distinguishing characters from Lepkesla.

The anterior wings are relatively much longer, narrower, external

margin more oblique than in Macroglossum. The discal cell is longer

and more constricted ; median nervure depressed ; all

the nervules shorter. The costa is medially depressed

. ^ . . and markedly contrasts with the conformation of both
Anterior wing _ -^

of Lepisesia, Sesia and Macroglossum in this respect ; the internal

natural size, nervure is less bent than in Sesia. The sub-costal ner-
vure is curved upward beyond the discal cell ; apex more produced
than in either of the genera I have compared it with. The external
margin is slightly excavate below the second median nervule, is more
irregular and oblique, and less rounded. The posterior wings ai-e small;
external margin very straight, not rounded, apices produced. Costal
and first sub-costal nervures diverging, leaving the interspace on exter-
nal margin wider than usual. Discal cell large. First, second and
third median nervules less propinquitous than in Macroglossum, more
curved ; internal nervure straighter. The nervulation has undergone
important modifications, while the pterogostic characters in their en-
tiety are very distinctive, and, without any sudden change, show the
position of this genus as intermediate between Sesia and Macroglos-
sum, while considerably modified from either.

The abdomen is more smoothly scaled and less obtusely terminated
than in Sesia ; anal segments contracting more suddenly than in
Macroglossum.

The ornamentation is peculiar. Head and thorax are clothed above
with similarly colored and disposed scales to those which are so charac-

1865.] 39

teristic in Sesia, while the wings are not limpid, and are without
vitreous spots as in Macroglossum. The more unicolorous abdomen
wants the "furry" appearance of Sesia, while the anal hairs are some-
what similarly arranged as in that genus, not exaggerated into the
well-formed anal tuft of Macroglossum.

The single species, described by Mr. Walker, has been recently
taken in Canada, and specimens are now contained in the Collection
of the Entomological Society.

Lepisesia flavofasciata.

Macroglossa flavofasciata, Barnston, Walk. C. B. M. 8, p. 87. (1856.)
Macroglossa flavofasciata, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. 131. (1859.)

Above, the thorax and head are clothed with pale yellowish sericeous
erect hair, mingled with blackish scales. Laterally the palpi, and the
orbits of the eyes are deep black. Abdomen black, with sericeous
hairs above on basal segment. Anal tuft black, with lateral sericeous
hairs. The anterior wings are blackish with obsolete ornamentation ;
beneath, at base, covered with bright fulvous scales. Posterior wings
black with a broad central bright fulvous fascia, which contracts, trian-
gularly, towards internal margin. Legs black. Exp. % , 1.60 inch.
Length of body .80 inch.

Habitat. — Canada. Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

The peculiar sericeous thoracic squammation of Sesia, and which is
shared by Lepisesia, together with the vitreous wings of the former,
have been made use of in instituting analogical comparisons with the
hymenopterous genus Bomhus.

Ceratomia repentinus, Clemens.

Boisduval's figure, Sp. Gren. Plate 15, and which he calls errone-
ously Sphinx hrontes, refers to this species and should be quoted in
the synonymy. Dr. Clemens was the first to describe and name the
present species which he regarded as congenerical with Ceratomia
qundricornis Harris. Under " Sphinx Brontes" I have more fully
expressed my comprehension of the synonymy of Drury's species,
while a misunderstanding has resulted mainly from Boisduval's error
and the silence of Dr. Clemens as to the figure in the Species Gen-
eral.

It is somewhat extraordinary, and merely adds to the confusion, that
Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer, Corr. Blatt, p. 149 (1863,) in speaking of the
species which must be Sphinx brontes, mihi, states that Boisduval's

40 [August

figure leaves no doubt of the species intended. No remarks are made
on the striking discrepancy in the size of the head and prothoracic
parts which at once separate Boisdiival's figure and our common spe-
cies, from the Cuban species. I need not state here that the ornamen-
tation of the two species is, with a certain resemblance, quite distinct,
while I can in no wise account for the remarks of Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer,
except upon the hypothesis that no rigid comparison has been insti-
tuted by the author between his specimens and Boisduval's figure, for
I cannot suppose that Geratomia repentinus occurs in Cuba, or has
been sent him by Dr. Gundlach.

With regard to the position of our species T have elsewhere noted
that it seemed to me ill-placed in the same genus with Geratomia
quadrirornis, and that, with other whitish cinereous, rough-haired spe-
cies of Sphinx, it seemed to form a passage to Geratomia^ in which
S. repentinus would constitute the lowest link.

Deilephila cham^nerii, Harris.

The larva of this species is stated by Harris to differ from that of
the European D. Galii, with which the American species is regarded
as identical by Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens. I find the following
differences in the imagos, which I am satisfied are specifically distinct.
In our species the central fascia on anterior wings is of a warmer
shade, not excavated inwardly at base, and not continued so near the apex
as in D. Galii; the apices show a very distinct black streak, absent in
the European species. The central fascia of the inferior wings is more
suffused with rose-color. The basal abdomiual segment is less black
laterally in D. chamaetierii, while I notice a few minor differences which
are perhaps not constant, as are those I have cited. The fact that
Smerinthus Gerisii Kirby, is certainly distinct from Smerinthas gemi-
natus Say, an opinion I have entertained since studying Kirby's de-
scription and figure, has been recently ascertained by the discovery of
specimens, as I am informed by Mr. S. Calverley, and it may be argued
from this that Kirby's Deilephila intermedia, which appears to differ
too much to be referred to Harris' species, may be ultimately discov-
ered as a distinct species.

1865.] 41

AELLOPOS, Iliibner.
Aellopos Titan.

Sphinx Titan Cramer, II. PI. 142, fig. F. (1779.)

Aellopos Titan Hubner, Verz. Schm. 1407, p. 131,. (1816.)

Macroglossum anmdosum Swains, Zool. 111. pi. 132. (1822.)

Macroglossa Titan Burm., Syst. "Verz. Sph. Braz. p. 17. (1856.)

Macroglossa Titan H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 56. (1865.)
Dull blackish, with a slight olivaceous tinge ; discal spot black, sub-
obsolete. A median, straight, semi-transparent, whitish band, closely
followed by a second much reduced. A somewhat arcuated, similarly
colored band, formed of a double series of semi-vitreous lunulated spots,
is continued from costa to second median nervule, beyond which it is
obsolete, but very distinctly continued on the under surface, — -the lunu-
lated spots increasing in size to the interspace above internal margin.
Terminal space with a paler, somewhat purplish reflection. Under sur-
face dark-brownish ; the whitish markings of the upper surface dis-
tinctly reproduced.

Posterior wings blackish, paler at base, shaded with yellowish along
costa, — medially the yellow hairs, especially in the female, extend across
the costal half of the wing forming an obsolete band. Beneath brown. ,

with two median, parallel, contiguous, distinct, darker shade bands,
largely shaded with white at base and along internal margin.

Head, and thoracic region above, dull-brownish with a slight olivaee- |

ous tinge. Abdomen olivaceous with the third abdominal segment :

white above ; fourth segment with a large, dark brownish, lateral shade,
which on fifth is much reduced, but obtains on the sixth entirely
across the segment above. Anal hairs brown, olivaceous centrally. ,

Beneath, the palpi are whitish ; the thoracic region and legs clothed
with olivaceous whitish hair. A series of small white lateral dots at
the lower margin of abdominal segments; lateral fringes interrupted '

with white. Two specimens, S ?. Exp. S and 9 2.o0 inch. Length
of body 1.40 inch. \

Habitat. —Cnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. !

Number 121 Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

Since the present species has been confounded with the following
by Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens, I omit the citation of the works of ,

these writers in the synonymy of both species. Under the descriptive i

phrase, '' Var. abJominc x!ne fascia alba," Prof. Burmeister places
Aellopos Fadus Hubner, (Sphinx Fadus Cram. 61, C.) as identical with ;

the present species. I have not seen the species from Surinam any
more than the Professor, but, judging from Cramer's figure, I should,^-— —•^
certainly consider it to be a distinct species. /^ vl— ^ I

/$> ^•-^

ujIlibraf

42 [August

Aellopos Tantalus.

Sphinx Tantalus Linn. Syst. Nat. 803, 25. (1766.)
Sphinx zonata, Drury, 1, 57, pi. 26, f. 5. (1770.)
Sphinx Tantalus Cram. Exot. 1, 107, pi. 68, fig. F. (1779.)
■Sphinx Tantalus Fabr. Ent. Syst. Ill, 379, 1. (1793.)
Sphinx Tantalus Fabr. Sp. Ins. II, 153, 1. (1781.)
Aellopos tantalus Hilbn., Exot. Schm. (1806 — 1825.)
Macroglossa Tantalus Burm. Sph. Braz. p. 17. (1856.)
Macroglossa Tantalus H-S. Corr. Bl. p. 56. (1865.)

Much smaller than the preceding, which it resembles. On anterior
wings the median white band is obsolete, and the subterminal arcu-
ated band of whitish semi-transparent spots is reduced to two or three
unequal irregular spots towards the middle of the wing. Beneath, the
median band is entirely wanting, while the subterminal spots are as
on upper surface. The yellowish scales on upper surface of the poste-
rior wings in A. Titan are absent, while the costa shows a paler, some-
what whitish, shade. The abdomen is paler and the brown terminal
segmentary bands are brighter and more reddish than in A. Titan,
from which it appears to me perfectly specifically distinct. Two speci-
mens, % and 9 . Exp. % . 9 1.80 inch. Length of body % . $ 1.00 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 125 Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

Aellopos Sisyphus (3Iacro(jlossa Sisi/phns Burm.) from Rio Ja-
neiro, belongs to this genus, which is distinct from the European genus
Macroglossum . *

EXTPYRRHOGLOSSTJM, nov. gen.
From Macroglossum, with which it has been hitherto confounded,
the present genus differs by the larger eyes which are more globose
and placed somewhat differently, extending above nearer the antennal
insertion. The epicranium is more elevated, reminding us of Enyo.
from which the present genus is otherwise sufficiently distinct. The
antennae are slender, not prismatic, and terminate in a reflection which
is very different from the acute booklet of Macroglossttm. The caputal
squammation is dense, rising to a central longitudinal darker colored
ridge, recalling Hemeroplanes. The flattened head of Macroglossum
and Aellojws has undergone a change preparing us for the more coni-
cal and obtuse head of Eni/o and Perigonia. The thorax is more

* I find that the ornithological resemblances of the European Macroglossum
stellatarum have been expressed by different vulgar names. Our species of
.Adlojios, bear a certain general resemblance to Procellaria pelagica. So our
•• yellow bird" Carduelis tnsiis, finds its miniature and voiceless echo in the
yellow Colias.

1865.] 43

roundedly elevated and is stouter, while the prothoracic pieces are
narrower. The abdomen is broader and shorter, furnished with
short, even, separated, lateral hair tufts, closer and more squarely
cut. The anterior wings are stronger, broader and larger ; internal
margin straighter ; external margin proportionally longer, less evenly
rounded, more excavate before internal angle and more produced me-
)dially. The costa at apex is more depressed. The
second median nervule is equidistant from the first
and third at external margin, whereas in Macroylos-
Anterior wing of guvi it is much nearer the third than the first, leav-
nafurai lize.^^^' ing the interspace between the first and second me-
dian nervules much wider than the rest.

The posterior wings are relatively much larger, external margin
straighter, hardly excavated before anal angle.

The ornamentation differs, and is sui generis. The primaries are
complexedly mottled and banded ; the secondaries crossed by a narrow
yellow band, neatly defined, very different from the ornamentation of
the posterior wings in Acllnpos and Mncrorjhssum; the abdomen is
ornamented with neatly-defined maculations.

Eupyrrhoglossum Sagra.

Macroglossum Sagra Poey, Cent. Lepid. Decade 2. (1S32.)
Macroglossa " "Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 89. (1856.)
" " Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. p. 132. (1859.)

A single specimen in indifferent condition. I express the hope that
the Society will be able to obtain better material of this handsome
species described by Prof Poey in 1832 (1837 Clem.) and dedicated
by him to M. Ramon de la Sagra. Eupyrrhoglossum Ceculus
(Sphinx Ceculus Cramer, PI. 146, fig. Gr) from Surinam, is congenerical
with the present species, while apparently sufiiciently distinct specifi-
cally, to prevent its being confounded with E. sarjra. Dr. Clemens
seems to have been acquainted with both species. Prof. Poey's figure
appears to me. indeed with all the Plates in the •' Centurie de Lepidop-
teres," to be most excellent in every respect. The position of this genus
may undergo some slight change when a more comprehensive study of
this family, embracing its representatives from different Zoological Pro-
vinces, is undertaken. The condition uf the specimen has prevented
a thorough examination of the posterior wings.

Huhitat.—(^vihri, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 543 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

44 [August

ENYO, HUbner.
Enyo lugabris.

Sphinx lugubris, Linn., Mant. 537.

" " Drury, I, 61. PI. 28, fig. 2. (1770.)

" " Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 140, 4. (1781.)

Sphinx Fegeus, Cram., Pap. Exot. p. 56. PI. 225, E. (1782.)

" lugubris Fabr., Mant. Ins. II, 92, 4. (1787.)

" " Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 356, 5. (1792.)

" " Abbot & Smith, Ins. Georg. I, pi. 59. (1797.)

Enyo Phegeus Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 132, No. 1422. (1816.)
Enyo lugubris Hubner, Zuts. .3, 298, fig. 595, 6. (1825.)
Thyreus lugubris Harris, Cat. N. Am. Sph. p. 26. (1839.)
Enyo lugubris, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 113. (1856.)
Pterogon lugubris Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 16. (1856.)
Enyo lugubris Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sphing. p. 134. (1859.)
Enyo lugubris H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 57. (1865.)

Under " Var y" Walker has perhaps included specimens of Enyo
dannm.

This species differs from the following by the stronger, posteriorly
better-defined, blackish terminal shade : by the absence of a darker
shade on the second basal segment above, by the non-excavation of the
apical interspace on external margin, and by its generally larger and
stouter size. Two specimens S and $ . Exp. % and § 2.50 inch. Length
of body S , 1.40, 9 1.30 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 541 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

Enyo Camertus.

Sphinx Camertus Cram., Exot. Ill, 53, PI. 225, fig, A. (1782.)
Enyo Camertus Hubn., Verz. Schm. p. 132, No. 1420. (1816.)
Enyo Camertus "Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 114. (1856.)
Pterogon Camertus Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 16.
Enyo Camertus H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1865.)

The specimens correspond, as well as usually the case, with Cra-
mer's figure. Since I do not see any difference in the squammation of
the " legs" between this and the foregoing species, I do not quote Dr.
Clemens' description here. The color is generally more brownish than
that of E. lugubris^ the apical interspace is excavated, the semi-luni-
form paler shade which extends from apex to second median nervuk-
is larger ; the oblique median even line is followed by a broad darker
diffuse shade continued very nearly to internal margin, beyond this the
first of the tremulous transverse lines is somewhat more projected su-
periorly ; the external margin is less abruptly excavate below the sub-
costo post-apical nervule. The coloration is generally paler, less black-
ish, and the insect is smaller; anal angle of posterior wings less pro-

1865.] 45

duced. Three $ specimens. Exp. $ 2.00 to 2.30 inch. Length of body
$ 1.00 to 1.10 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 98 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

I am unwilling to see in this species a variety of E. lugubris, as Dr
Herrich-Shaeffer is disposed to regard it. The specimens are constant
in the differences I have noted and seem to me sufficiently specifically
distinct.

Enyo Danum.

Sphinx Danum Cram., Pap. Exot. Ill, 53, PI. 225, fig. B. (1782.)

Enyo Danum, Hubner, Verz. Schm. 132, 1421. (1816.)

Enyo Danum, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 118. (1856.)

Pterogon Danum, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 16. (1856.) ?

Enyo Danum, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1865.)
The excavations of the anterior wings are modified from either of
the above species, while more nearly approaching E. Oamertus. On
the posterior wings the excavations before anal angle are diflFerent, the
tegument at the submedian nervure being more produced so as to form
very plainly a double excavation between the medio-posterior nervule
and the internal nervure.

The coloration is very dark brown, while the discal dot is not black
but pale brown on anterior wings. On posterior pair in the male
there is a small patch of pale yellowish hair at extreme base of the
wing along internal margin ; in the female this patch is much larger,
spreading nearer to anal angle. The whole body is somewhat slenderer
than in the preceding species. Two specimens % and 9 . Exp. % 2.40,
9 2.20 inch. Length of body % and 5 1.30 inch.
Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number 99 Poey's 3ISS. Catalogue.

Professor Burmeister's description differs as to the ornamentation of
the posterior wings from both Cramer's figure and my specimens, which
agree together. It is not improbable that his specimens are errone-
ously referred to the present species. His description of the internal
margin of the posterior wings does not correspond, and if by "Auf
der Unterseite der Oberfliigel ist ein weisser Punkt" he alludes to that
on the costa before the apex, the species does not differ in this respect
from the preceding two. If, however, a discal spot is meant, it is cer-
tainly wanting in my specimens of E. danum, where there is in the
female a mere trace of a paler shade on the discal cross-vein. Dr.
Clemens does not mention this species, probably since Mr. Walker
merely gives " Surinam" as the habitat. I have expressed my opinion
that perhaps under E. Iwjubris " Var y. Nigro-fusca ; alseposticse striga

4() [August

apud marginem wteriorem albido-Jiava," Mr. Walker has recorded
specimens of the present species.

HEMEEOPLANES, Hiibner.

Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus, n. s. (Plate 1, fig. 1.)
CalHomma oiclus / H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1865.)
Not Sphinx oiclus Cram., PI. 216, fig. F. (1782.)

Dull chocolate-brown ; beneath paler, mixed with cinereous scales.
Head produced, elongated, somewhat flattened, eyes large and salient;
maxillse well developed ; prothoracic parts well extended before the
insertion of the primaries. Anterior wings pale brown, a roundedly
oblique blackish basal line, within which, on costa and below sub-costal
nervure, are large blackish marks. Beyond, an outwardly rounded,
oblique, blackish transverse line runs from costa to internal margin,
which it joins near the base. Space between this latter line and the
basal line, paler than the rest of the wing. Median space large, darker
shaded in the interspaces between the nervules posteriorly, where it
acquires a faint purplivsh reflection ; on the discal cross-vein a somewhat
L-shaped white mark, above which a second, smaller, ovate and ob-
liquely placed. From the internal margin a blackish irregular line
extends to the larger white mark and runs partly parallel to the trans-
verse anterior line. Transverse posterior line blackish, undulate, out-
wardly arcuate, followed by a paler coincident shade. Subterminal
space paler, acquiring with other portions of the wing an obsolete
greenish tinge which is diflicult to define. In the post-apical interspace
a large, distinct, irregularly triangular, black spot. A black undulate
line margins inwardly a very narrow, darker, terminal space, which
extends from immediately below apex to below first median nervule,
somewhat as in the genus Eni/o.

External margin of the wing excavate, resembling the species of
Eni/o, and in a less degree Thi/reus abbofii, to the general coloration
of which the present bears a resemblance which has suggested the
specific name. Apical interspace not excavated ; from post-apical to
medio-superior nervules the excavation is somewhat abrupt and deep.

Posterior wings resembling anterior in coloration. Pale at base ;
crossed by a diff"use prominent median blackish shade band, beyond
which the wing is paler. From anal angle, which shows a few mixed
whitish scales, a narrow black line runs towards costa, but is lost before
traversing half of the wing. A terminal dark brown shade band,
broadest at costa, becoming obsolete before anal angle.

Beneath, the wings are paler than on upper surface. Both pair tra-
versed by a very distinct (especially on posterior pair) tremulous black-

1865.] 47

ish median band. This is followed by a second, quite linear, distinct,
undulate between the nervules on anterior, but dentate on posterior
wino-s. Terminal margin blackish between apical and medio-superior
nervules on anterior wings.

Head with a median dark line, which separates beyond the " collar"
into two, margining the tegulre inwardly, these latter mixed with a few
lateral white scales ; two lateral brownish prothoracic spots. Abdomen
conical : a few lateral whitish, and below these blackish, scales at base ;
anal segment with a few whitish hairs, not tufted (unless by accident
the specimen has become deprived of the anal squammation) ; colored
much as the thoracic and caputal parts. Legs unicolorous with body —
except two reduced spurs at the extremity of the middle and hind
tibiae — unarmed. One S (?) specimen. Exp. 2.50 inch. Length of
body 1.30 inch.

ffabaat.—Cuh&, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 124 Poey''s MSS. Catalogue.

Under the present generic name Hiibner has arranged four species
of Sphingidse figured by Cramer on Plate 216, and called by that
author Sphinx Pan. fig. D, *S'. Triptokmus, fig. F, S. Phito, fig. E,
and S. oiclus, fig. C These species seem perfectly well associated,
and while resembling Unyo, are slighter, slenderer; the head more pro-
duced and flattened. The anal segments of the males are not provided
with the square cut tuft of Enyo, nor are the anal segments so sud-
denly constricted. The anterior wings are provided with triangulate
albate marks, reminding one of Calliomma, though without sharing
the lustre of the latter genus, from which the present is very amply
distinct by the excavation of the external margin of the anterior wings,
less prominent palpi, stouter antennae, and more developed maxillae.

The present species difi"ers from Cramer's figure of S. oiclus, too much
to allow of its being referred to that species. The gray color of Cra-
mer's figure, the different shape of the discal albate spots, the course
of the transverse posterior line, the punctate squammation, are very dis-
tinctive, while the lateral prothoracic brown spots are present in Ilemc-
roplanes pseudothyreus, but much reduced.

PEEIGONIA. Boisduval.
Ferigonia lusca.

Sphinx lu.sca Fabr.. Sp. Ins. II. 140. 5. (1781. >
" " Fabr., Mant. Ins. II. 92, 5. (1787.)

" " Fabr., Ent. Svst. Ill, 1, 356, 6. (1792.)

Ferigonia lusca Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 101. (1856.).'
" " Clem., Syn. N. Am, Sph. p. 138. (1859.)?

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 56. (1865.)

48 [August

Mr. Walker has referred Perigonia stulta Boisd., H-S. Exot. fig.
106, as a synonym of this species, but I believe it is distinct. The
following are some of the differences : — The size of P. stulta is smaller ;
the shape of the external margin of the anterior wings is modified from
that in P. lusca, being more produced medially and at internal angle.
The shading and coloration of the terminal space is different. In P.
lusca, a well defined blackish line runs from apex to internal angle,
which is entirely wanting in Dr. Herrich-Schfeffer's figure. Finally,
the yellow of the posterior wings is more intense, and absorbs the en-
tire base of the wing in P. stulta. Like the species of Etii/o, the species
of Perigonia are nearly allied and easily to be confounded, which how-
ever does not lessen their specific validity. Two specimens. S and 9 •
Exp. S 2.10, 9 2.30 inch. Length of body S and $ , 1.20 inch.

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 441 Poem's MSS. Catalogue.

Perigonia Lefebvrii.

Macroglossa Lefebvrii Lucas, H.S. Corr. Blatt. p. 14:7. (1863.)
Perigonia Lefebvrii H-S. Corr. Blatt. p. 56. (1865.)

Smaller than the preceding which it resembles, but differs as fol-
lows : — The median line on anterior wings is not followed by a dark
diffuse shade as in P. lusca, and the markings generally not so strong ;
the external margin is more angulated and less rounded ; the yellow of
the posterior wings is more intense and like that in P. stulta; there is
no yellowish patch at anal angle as in P. lusca. The female specimen
sent is much darker than the male, which it otherwise resembles. Two
specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % , 1.80 inch. 9 1.90. Length of body
1.00 inch.

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 120 Poeifs MSS. Catalogue.

I have not had access to M. Ramon de la Sagra's work in which

Lucas' description is contained, but have used instead Dr. Herrich-

SchiBffer's very acceptable resume of its lepidopterological contents,

given in the pages of the " Correspondenz Blatt." Dr. Gundlach seems

to have sent a specimen of P. lusca under the present name to Dr.

Herrich-Schseffer ; I do not doubt the specific validity of my specimens,

or the correctness of their identification with Macroglossa Lefebvrii

Lucas.

CAILIOMMA, Boisduval.
Calliomma Lycastus.

Sphinx Licastus Cram., Pap. Exot. IV, 180, PI. 381, fig. A. (1782.)
Oreus Licastus Htibn., Verz. Schmett. 136, 1465. (1816.)
Calliomma Lycastus Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 110. (1856.)

1865.] 49

Sphinx Galiantia Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 6. (1856.)

Calliomma Lycastus Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 141. (1859.)

Calliomma Lycastus H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1865.)

Sphinx Farce Fabr., quoted by Mr. Walker as a synonym of this
species, if identical would have priority, vs'hile both Dr. Herrich-SchajflPer
and Prof. Burmeister regard it as a distinct species. With respect to
Sphinx Galianna Burm., from the short comparative description, it
would seem that it is identical with Cramer's species. While Cramer's
figure otherwise very nearly corresponds to the Cuban specimens, it
differs by the absence of the very brilliant, argent, pyriform, discal spot
which shows a single inward projection at the superior linear part. In
the description, however, Cramer alludes to the silvery mark in the
following words which altogether but indifferently apply — " Sur les
ailes superieures se trouvent quelques petites taches, argentees dont
celle. qui est dans la partie intermediare, a le plus beau lustre." I
have copied the sentence exactly as it stands in the original. This
species, if not identical with Cramer's Licastus, may be known as Cal-
liomma Galianna (Sphinx Gralianna. Burm.), a name which would
have better claims for adoption had it been more properly defined.
Relying apparently on its absence in Cramer's figure, Prof. Burmeister
has assumed the absence of the silver-spot in the insect itself, I judge
without consulting Cramer's description which I have quoted above.
Mr. Walker's description evidently refers to the present species. Dr.
Clemens has not seen the species apparently. Two specimens, % and 9 ■
Exp. % and 9 2.60 inch. Length of body, % 2.20, 9 2.30 inch.

Uahifaf.—Cnhn, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Numhtr 9J Poii/'s MSS. Catal'Kjuc.

PERGESA. Walker.
Pergesa thorates.

Sphinx thorates Hiibner, Zutr. Exot. Selim. fig. 525-6. (1825.)
Pergesa thorates Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 151. (1S56.)
" " Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 145. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 2.70, 9 2.60 inch. Length of
body, % , l.iO, 9 1.50 inch.

Habitat.— Quhii. (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Kumher 76 Poi i/s MSS. Catalognr..

This species differs from Theretra. PorreUus Htibn., from Europe,
by the longer antennae, as stated by Mr. Walker, and I think differs
otherwise generically from the European species.

The genus Pergesa is the first in the pre.'^eut Collection belonging to
a Tiibe of the family Sphingidae. which may be called — ChsErorampini.

50 [August

in accordance with my views respecting the internal arrangement of
lepidopterous Families, and which have resulted partly from a study
of the learned " Classification of the Coleoptera of North America," by
Dr. John L. Leconte, a work which, while it has been iguorantly styled
an " Elemeutar-Buch" by a German critic, possesses great originality
and lucidity of composition and arrangement, rendering it a very valu-
able addition to scientific knowledge. The genus CalUomma, closes
the Tribe 3Iacroglijssmi, while Pseudosphinx, inaugurates the more
typical Tribe of the Family — Sjjhingini. A fourth Tribe — Smtrin-
thini — is not represented in the present Collection, while I reserve an
amplification of this arrangement to a difterent Paper.

CHiEROCAMPA, Duponchel.
Chaerocampa Nechus.

Sphinx Nechus Cramer, II, PI. 178, fig. B. (1779.)
Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 152, 56. (1781.)
" " Fabr., Maut. II, 98, 61. (1787.)

" " Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 377, 63. (1793.)

" " Gmelin, ed. Syst. Nat. 1, 5, 2384, 89.

Theretra Nechus Hubner, Verz. 135, 1447. (1816.)
Choerocampa Chiron Walk., C. B. M. P. VIII, p. 132. (1856.)

" " Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. p. 150. (1859.)

Not Sphinx Chiron Drury, Exot. I, 56, PI. 26, f. 3. (1770.)
Chaerocampa Nechus, H-S., Corr. Bl. p. 58. (1865.)
Grreen. Anterior wings rather intense and vivid green ; nervules
in terminal space inconspicuously and minutely cotered with dark
scales, and boi'dered faintly with pale yellowish testaceous scattered
scales. Base of wing clothed with dark scales, forming a small, black-
ish, irregular patch extending to costa and mixed inwardly with paler
scales. Below, immediately on internal margin at base, is a small
though sufficiently prominent, somewhat elongated, pale-yellowish patch,
the scales composing which are long and hairy.

The entire median space from costa to internal margin is of a vivid
green, concolorous, without markings except a small distinct pale yel-
lowish discal dot.

A very oblique, wide, sub-terminal band runs parallel with external
margin from costa, where it is widest, spreading narrowly to the apex,
to the internal margin where it also widens narrowly as at costa, spread-
ing to internal angle, which latter is minutely fringed with pale yellow-
ish. This band is composed of brownish scales, which form a promi-
nent, costal, sub-triaugular patch and are mixed in parts with blackish,
and is traversed by blackish lines, the latter most distinct at the centre
in the 9 i where they are arcuate between the veins and the band is nar-
rowest. In the Z at the centre of the wing this band is obsolete and the

1865.] 51

external defining blackish lines are not observable. Where this subternii-
ual band dilates apically on the costa and on internal margin within in-
ternal angle, it is composed of blackish scales, the latter shade more
prevalent in the 9 than in the % , in which also this subterminal band
is most distinct. Terminal space green, widest at the centre, concol-
oroiis with median space. Fringes brownish, except at internal angle.

Posterior wings blackish, pale yellowish on costa; a pale yellow,
subterminal band, constrictedly interrupted above anal angle and
divided by the nervules, which latter are more or less covered by
darker scales, into sub-triangular spots, of which the largest and most
isolated* surmounts anal angle ; the anal space also largely yellow.
Fringes very pale yellowish.

Under surface of both wings bright ferruginous ochraceous, irrorate
with darker dots and lines. The external defining lines of the sub-
terminal band of the upper surface are here represented very distinctly
and are arcuate between the veins, enclosing a brighter ferruginous
yellowish space, analagous to the subterminal band of the upper surface ;
terminal margins of both pair tinged with olivaceous.

Thorax and head above olivaceous-green, with a lateral line on both
sides running from the tips of the tegulae, where it is darkest, above
the eyes to tips of palpi. Some darker hairs mixed at base of thorax.

Abdomen above green without spots and bands, though there is a
.series of paler segmentary defining shades. Beneath, the abdomen is
clothed with mixed fawn, whitish and ochreous scales, which extend
laterally upwards, where they are darkest. Under surface of thoracic
region and palpi clothed with dense, mixed ferruginous and yellow,
hairy squammation ; two lateral green large subtriangular patches, be-
neath anterior wings and extending in front of them. Legs finely
scaled, paler outwardly. Exp. % 2.50 inches. 9 3.00 inches. Length
of body S 1.50 inch. 9 1.60 inch.

B'lLitaf.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. 80c. Philad.

Niimher 81 of Pory's 3fSS. Catalogue.

Chserocampa Chiron Drury sp., seems tome, judging by the figure,
to be a distinct species. Cramer's figure, on the other hand, refers
undoubtedly to the present species.

Chaerocampa Gundlachii.

Chcerocampa Gundlachii Ileiu-ich-Sehaefler. Corr. Blatt. p. 149. (1863.)
" " H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (Ks65.)

Green. Anterior wings of an olivaceous-green, of a duller shade
than the thoracic region above; external margin not so oblique, not api-
cally so falcate as in the preceding species. Base of wings clouded with

52 [xlUGUST

confused blackish scales. Median space olivaceous-green, concolorous;
a small whitish discal dot, clouded outwardly with blackish scales. An
oblique, even, subterminal, blackish line, bordered inwardly with a pale
shade, runs from internal margin to just below costa, which it does not
attain, becoming obsolete in the space below. This line is most distinct on
internal margin, where it is slightly dilated by a few blackish, scattered
scales. Terminal .space olivaceous-green, concolorous with median space
and widening towards internal margin ; fringes brownish except a very
few scales at internal angle, which are whitish.

Posterior wings entirely blackish-brown, immaculate, concolorous.
with whitish fringes.

Under surface olivaceous-green ; the anterior wings largely suffused
basally with brownish, which shade extends beyond discal spot. A sub-
terminal, narrow, even, brown line runs across both pair and on posterior
pair is slightly bent below costa. The green posterior wings show a
few scattered brownish scales.

Head and thoracic region dark intense green above. A lateral mar-
ginal white line extends from base of anterior wings above the eyes
to tips of palpi.

Abdomen above green, mixed with a few brownish scales. Beneath
slightly paler ; on fourth and fifth segments the brownish color form.*<
a moderate clouded patch.

The thoracic region beneath and outside of palpi are unicolorous
green. Legs finely scaled, dirty whitish outwardly, inwardly the tibiae
ai'e clothed with greenish squammation. Exp. S 2.00 inches. Length
of body L20 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Enc. Soc. Philad.

Number 97 of Porys MSS. Catahnjiw.

Agrees very well with Dr. Herrich-Schfeffer's description as above
cited, except that the hind wings show no ochraceous shade at internal
angle.* where they are perhaps insensibly paler.

Chaerocampa irrorata. n. s. (Plate 1, fig. 2. %.)

Allied to Ghserocampa Gundlachli. Dull reddish fawn color with a
slightly roseate tinge, irrorate with minute blackish scale patches. At
the base, along the costa and on the disc, the wing is more or le.ss
clouded with a darker shade ; discal spot dark, very minute. The costal
edge and edge of internal margin are paler. An even, dark brownish,
oblique, subterminal line runs from internal margin much within inter-

* Hfl. schwarzbraun, mit ockergelben Wisch ini Afterwinkel : H-S. Corr.
Blatt. 13. 149. (1863.)

1865.] 58

nal angle, to sub-costal space where it becomes obsolete, not attaininir
the costa ; this line is slightly margined inwardly along its length by a
paler shade and is somewhat, but very slightly, arcuate. Terminal
space similarly colored to median, widening to internal margin, and in-
feriorly and apically more or less suffused with a darker shade. Ex-
ternal margin not very oblique, nor sub-apically falcate, resembling in
this respect the preceding species.

Posterior wings blackish-brown, centrally dull-reddish along all the
margins, paler shaded at anal angle ; fringes white.

Under surface of wings paler than upper surface, with extremely
scattered and sparse irrorations. The anterior wings at base show a
small dull brownish patch and a bent subterminal line apparent at and
shortly below costa, thence discontinued.

Head, and thoracic appendages above, rich reddish-brown. A very
distinct, white, lateral line runs from extreme base of thorax to tips of
palpi above the eyes.

Abdomen paler than thorax, a little darker above, the segments
slightly margined by paler shades. Palpi, under surface of abdomen
and thoracic region coucolorous with the under surface of the wings,
while slightly more x-eddish. Legs finely scaled ; outwardly clothed
with whitish scales, inwardly concolorous with under thoracic region.
The sexes do not differ except very slightly in the general shading ;
the female seems to be the darkest, but I have not discovered other
differences. Exp. % 2.20 inches, $ 2.50 inches. Length of body %
1.30 inch, 9 1.30 inch.

ffahituL—Caha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Xumljrr 1003 of Poey' 8 M88. Catalogue.

This species in general coloration resembles distantly Darapsa choe-
n'lus, but the color is neither so bright nor intense. In the design of
ornamention it resembles C. GiimUachii, to which it is nearest allied,
while its superior size and very distinct and differing general coloration
will at once distinguish it. It is perhaps the species described under
the number "6" by Dr. Herrich-Sch^effer, Corr. Blatt. p. 58, 18G5. but
which is not named by that author.

Chaerocampa Porcus.

Oretcs Porcus, Hiibn., Exot. Schm. Lep. 2, Sph. 3. (1824.)
Darapsa Porcus, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 187. (1856.)
Ch<Erocampa Porcus H-S. Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Dusky olivaceous; anterior wings very falcate at the apices, which

latter are somewhat depressed, rounded along external margin, narrow.

An arcuated row of subterminal dusky dots on the veins; a very faint.

54 [August

oblique, discontinued, dentate line beyond tlie disc ; diseal spot dusky,
distinct, very small ; an angulated very indistinct sub-basal line. The
wing subcostally, before the apex, irregularly sprinkled with reddish-
ochraceous scales ; a dusky shade spreads along the eosta at the middle
of the wing and extends undefinedly downwards beyond the diseal spot.
The ground color is a peculiar obscure dusky purplish, becoming some-
what dark olivaceous towards the base. The whole wing is destitute
of any very distinct markings, except the subterminal row of spots on
the nervules.

Posterior wings dull black, testaceous along the costa, very slightly
pale blackish before the anal angle on internal margin; fringes whitish.

Under surface of both wings dull grayish with a warm purplish
tinge, sprinkled with dusky irrorations, and with a subobsolete. subter-
minal series of dots on the nervules; on anterior pair the basal half
centrally is dusky, diseal dot white.

Head above, and thorax, dark dusky-olivaceous. A narrow white
stripe margins the thoracic parts, laterally obsoletely continued to
base of antennae, beyond these, above the eyes, it is more distinct.
Palpi externally, dusky purplish-gray, terminal joints tinged with oliva-
ceous. Under surface of thoracic region and abdomen quite pale, dull.
purplish-gray ; upper surface of abdomen darker, without ornamenta-
tion of any kind. Legs finely scaled, like the under corporal parts in
coloration, narrowly margined laterally with whitish.

One male specimen. Exp. S , -.SO inches. Length of body S , L50
inch.

Habitat.— Cuhsi, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 94 of Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

A peculiarly graceful dusky species, with very falcate apices of ante-
rior wings. The general style of coloration and ornamentation bears a
certain resemblance to the figui-e oi Darapsa Butus Cramer sp.. but
that species is evidently quite distinct. The corporal parts are some-
what stouter than in the other species mentioned in thi?^ paper except-
ing 0. Neclkus, and, perhaps, C. tcrsa.

Chaerocampa Robinsonii. n. s. (Plate 1, fig. 3, '^ .)

Chcerocampa falco H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. I-IS. (1863.)
Not Chaerocampa falco Walker, G. B. M. Part VIII, p. 132. (1856.J
% . Pale testaceous-brown ; beneath, tinged with dark ochraceous.
Anterior wings striate, external margin rounded, apex falcate, general
shape of both wings as in Cheerorampa tcrsa, to which this species is
nearest allied, but is smaller and otherwise specifically distinct. Base
of anterior wings and along costa to diseal spot, powderedwith grayish

1«65.] 55

scales. Disc-Ill spot small, black, distinct. At one-third of the leniith
of the intei'Dal margin from base, three curvilinear, black, shade streaks,
merged together iuferiorly, run very obliquely towards the apex, be-
coming obsolete below the pale apical space; a fourth, in the pale space
externally, is subobsolete. From extreme apex three or four similar but
paler, more linear streaks, separating as they proceed, run inversely
towards internal margin, before attaining which they become subobso-
lete. The wing is palest along internal margin from the base of the
bands at the basal third to internal angle, and again subapically, while
on the costa and spreading slightly below at apical third, the wing is
covered with dark ochreous scales. Under surface of both pair, shaded
with bright ochreous, sparsely sprinkled with dark scales and with a
subterminal row of black dots on the nervules; terminal spaces darker.

Posterior wings brownish-black ; testaceous-yellow along costa at
base; anal angle rather largely testaceous yellowish, from whence a
narrow, similarly colored band, divided obsoletely by the darker squam-
mation of the nervules, runs to sub-costal interspace near the apex ;
fringes whitish.

Head above, and tegulae, olivaceous-brown, the latter with a distinct
ochreous median longitudinal stripe ; disc of the thorax cinereous. A
broad whitish stripe runs from the tips of the palpi above the eyes to
the base of the thorax, widening at the base of anterior wings laterally,
where it becomes somewhat cinereous; abdomen pale brownish, with a
slight reddish tinge and with two broad longitudinal darker shade bands
above, running close together, beneath paler, and, with under surface of
thoracic region and palpi, presenting the same shade as upper surface
of abdomen, mixed with a few whitish hairs. Legs whitish outwardly,
brownish inwardly; antennae whitish above, testaceous beneath.

9 . Dark testaceous-brown. Differs from the % by the darker co-
loration ; the three anterior curvilinear stripes are more fused, forming
a broad shade behind, the fourth, in the paler space, more continued
and distinct. The posterior wings are more brownish, with the yellow-
ish sub-terminal band much reduced, more disconnected. Body, as
indeed the entire insect, greatly darker. Exp. % 2.20 inches, $ 2.30
inches. Length of body. S L30 inch. 9 L40 inch.

Habitat.— Cuhn. { Poey. ) Coll. P:nt. Soc. Phil.

Numhpr 946 of Focifx MStS. Cataloijue.

Nearest allied to C/iserocampa tersa, with which it coincides in the
shape of the wings, but the present species is smaller, while the exter-
nal mariiin is sliohtlv more rounded ; the striate, black, shade lines
originate further from the base and are curved, not straight, while the

56 [August

posterior wings are paler, the yellow band not so distinct and macular
as in that species.

From a figure of C. falro Walk., executed under the superintendence
of Mr. Walker, and for permission to examine which I am indebted to
Mr. S. Calverley, the present species widely diifers. In the Mexican
species the anterior wings are more falcate, the external margin greatly
straighter, while the terminal space is much paler, enclosing a very dis-
tinct black band, which dilates triangularly on internal margin ; the
external margin of posterior wings is also much straighter. the yellow
color more largely predominates, the black space in the centre of the
wing being reduced to a narrow band ; the abdominal ornamentation
also differs, while the species is much larger than its Cuban ally, the
latter more nearly allied to C. tersa.*

I dedicate this species to the Entomologist and my kind friend, Cole-
man T. Robinson, of New York City. •

Chaerocampa Tersa.

Sphinx Tersa, Drury, Exot. I, 61, PI. 28, fig. 3. (1770.)
Fabr. Sys. Ins. II, 15.3, 59. (1781.)
Cramer, Exot. IV, 226, PI. 397, fig. C. (1782.)
Fabr. Mant. Ins. II. 98, 65. (1787.)
Fabr. Entom. Syst. Ill, I. (1793.)

Abbot & Smith, Nat. Hist. Ins. Georg. I, 75, PI. 38. (1791.)
Theretra Tersa, Hiibner, Verz. 135, 1449. (1816.)
Chcerocampa Tersa, Harris, Sill. Journ. V. 36, 303, 4. (1839.)
Metopsilus Tersa, Duncan, Nat. Libr. 37, PL 5, fig. 1; PI. 6, fig. 1.
Choerocampa Tersa, "Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 131. (1856.)
Philampelus Tersa, Burm., Syst. Ueb. Sph. Braz. p. 4. (1856.)
Chcerocampa Tersa, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 150. (1859.)
" H-S. Corr. Bl. p. 68. (1865.)
The specimens sent do not differ from those which I have examined
from different parts of the United States.

Two specimens. % and $ . Exp. % , 2.70, 9 2.80 inches. Length
of body, % and 9 , 2.55 inches.

Habitat.— Guha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 512 Foei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

DEILEPHILA, Ochsenheimer.
Deilephila Calverleyi, u. s. (Plate 1, fig. 4, % .)

Allied to Di'dcpli'da. lineata, and with a certain resemblance to Deile-
phila chamsenerii. Anterior wings dull brownish, very faintly olivaceous.

*"Dass die von mir beschriebene Art (Corr. Bl. 1863, p. 148) als Varietat
hieher gehoren solle, wie H. G. raeint, kann ich nieht glauben, obgleich ieh die
richtige Bestimniung nach Walker nieht verbiirgen kann." H-S. C. B. 1865, p.
58. Mr. Gundlaeh's supposition I regard, with Dr. Herrich-Schreffer. as deci-
dedly erroneous.

1865.] 57

The central, obli(|ue, pale fascia which proceeds from the apex, is nar-
rower, more irreguhir, and less neatly defined than in either of the
above mentioned congeners. It joins the internal margin at nearer the
middle, widening on the margin, where it is composed of white scales
sprinkled with brownish. The nervules are obsoletely paler than the
ground color of the wing. The terminal space is wider than in D. Una-
ata and much as in D. chamfienc'rii ; fringes on internal margin white.

Posterior wings smaller than in D. linen fa, very slightly excavate
before anal angle on external margin, which latter is more rounded than
in allied species. A median dull red band, narrowest at costa, nowhere
undulate or constricted, becoming white on internal margin, somewhat
as in D. chamaeneru. Base of the wing dull blackish, paler along costa ;
the subterminal dull blackish band is straight, nowhere constricted or
undulate, slightly excavate between the nervules ; terminal space red-
dish, broader than in allied species; fringes white.

Under .surface of both pair of wings quite similar to that of D. lliipata^
but with a dark sub-apical zig-zag streak on the primaries from the
costa, and an interrupted straighter one on the secondaries, issuing from
the costa before the straight sub-basal transverse band, which latter it
joins before the middle of the wing.

Head and thorax olivaceous-brown, darker shaded on the tegulae,
which are margined with white stripes, making four thoracic white
stripes as in D. livornica. Abdomen, dull pale brownish, with subob-
solete ornamentation ; the segments show alternately paler and darker
dorsal shade bands. The second and third segments show each a late-
ral black spot, of which that on the second segment is much the largest ;
no dorsal marks as in allied species ; the segments laterally show dis-
continued white margins, of which the first is continued across the ab-
domen above. Antennae whitish, paler than in allied species, much as
in DeilcphUd Eiiphorhise, from Europe.

One male specimen. Exp. % , 2.70 inches. Length of body, 1.50
inch.

ITahitat.—Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Numher 954 Popi/s MSS. Cntaloijue.

I dedicate this species — which I have compared studiously with its
congeners, and am satisfied of its specific distinctiveness — to Mr. Ste-
phen Calverley, of New York city, whose kind as.sistance and advice l
have frequently had recourse to in scientific matters.

58 [August

Oeilepliela lineata.

Sphinx lineata, Fabricius, Sya. Ent. s. Ins. (1775.)
" daiccus, Cram., II. 41, pi. 125, fig. D. (1779.)
" lineata, Abbot, Smith Ins. Georgia 1.77, pi. 39. (1797.)
Deilephila daucus, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. I, 126, 4.11. (1828.)
" lineata, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Journ. (1839.)

" daucus, Walker. C. B. M. VIII, p. 171. (1856.)

" lineata, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei. p.

143. (1859.)
" daucus, H-S. Corr. Blatt. Reg. ;■. .8. (1865.)

" lineata, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. i nil. Vol. 4, p. 319. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and $ .

Habitat.— {]vih-A, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Nnmher 513 Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

The specimens do not differ from a number of individuals taken in
different parts of the United States, the Territories and Canadas, that I
have examined. I give, after examination, the priority to Fabricius.
who intended our species, distinct from the European DeilepliUa livor-
nua. in his original description, which reads as follows:

" Sphinx lineata : alls virescentibus ; fascia striisque albis ; posticis
nigris : fascia rubra. Habitat in America. Statura praecendentis.
Caput virescens. stria lateralibus alba. Thorax virescens, striis tribus
iilbis duplicatus. Abdomen cinereum,albo nigro-quemaculatum. Alse
anticae integerrimge, fascia media striisque sex fasciam secantibus ab-
breviatis, albis. Margo posticus einerascens. Subtus omnes cineras-
ceutes. atomis viridebus."

The trivial name lineata has been given to the European D. livur-
iiica by certain authors, while from the above it is evident that Fabri-
cius intended the American and not the European species, a specimen
of which latter I have before me, and which differs from the present
species by the absence of the intermediate white stripe on the tegulae
as well as by the abdominal ornamentation, which latter character seems
not to have been hitherto dwelt upon. In the synonymy I have given
merely the citation of Fabricius' first notice of the species in his ''Sys-
teuia Entomologife sistens Insectorum classes, etc." Flensburgi et
Lipsiae. 1775. Deilephila lineata, Stephens 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. 1,
126, 3, pi. 12. fig. 1, refers to the European Deilephila livornica and
not to the present species.

PHILAMPELUS. Harris.
Philampelus vitis.

Sphinx vitis, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 801, No. 16. (1766.)
" Drury, Exot. 1, 60, PI. 28, fig. 1. (1770.)
" Fabricius, Sp. Ins. II, 147, 35. (1781.)
" '• Cram. Exot. Ill, pi. 267, fig. C. (1782.)

1865.] 5!)

Sphinx vitis, Fabr. Mant. Ins. II, 96, .39. (1787.)

'• Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 369, 41. (179.3.)
" " Abbot & Smith, Ins. Georg. 1, 79, PI. 40. (1797.)

J>upo vitif!, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. 137. (1816.)
Philampelus vitis, Harris, C. N. Am. Sph. p. 19. (1839.)

" " Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 176. (1856.)?

" " Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 3. (1856.)

Philampelus Jussieiice, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 157. (1859.)
Philampelus vitis, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)
The hind wings are pale greenish at base and below costa; along the
external margin from costal angle to medio-posteinor nervule, is a broad
terminal pink band, within which a broad black fascia, interrupted by
greenish scales on the nervules, and terminating below medio-posterior
nervule in two narrow lines, outside of which latter a brownish square
spot on terminal space above anal angle. Internal margin largely pink ;
two black spots lielow the disc j a few white scales within the terminal
black lines above anal angle.

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % , 3.60, 9 3.30 inches. Ijcngth
of body, % 2.00, 9 1.80 inches.

Hnlntaf.—Cnhn, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 217 Poei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

Philampelus fasciatus.

Sphinx fasciatus, Sulzer, Gesch. Ins. PI. 20, fig. 1. (1776.)
Sphinx vitis, Cramer, Exot. Ill, PI. 268, fig. E. (1782.)
Not Sphinx vitis, Linn. etc.
Dupo JussieuoE, Hilbn., Verz. Schm. p. 137. (1816.)

" " " Exot. Schm. Lep. Ill, Sphing. II. (1824.)

Philampelus Hornbeckiana, Harris, 0. N. A. Sph. p. 19. (1839.)?
" Jussieuce, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 177. (1856.)

" riYi6', Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sphing. p. 156. (1859.)'

" fasciatus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

It is very probable that Plbilampdux Hornbeckiana, Harris, Cat. N.
A. Sph. p. 19, foot-note, refers to the present species. Until, however,
specimens are received from St. Thomas, W. I., this fact cannot be
considered certain since the description does not satisfactorily agree
with the specimens from Cuba. These undoubtedly belong to the spe-
cies erroneously figured by Cramer, as above cited, as the female of F.
vltU. This has not been observed by Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens ;
the latter, in copying the synonymy, has apparently changed the species
as above quoted.

Dark olive green j more robust than P. vitis. The bands on anterior
wings are mixed with white scales anteriorly ; the V-shaped space on
internal margin large and not enclosed on the margin. Posterior wings
green ; a large rose-colort'I space on anal angle and along internal mar-

60 [August

gin ; a large rectangulai* black spot witliin ; two narrow median lines,
the inner — black, most distinct, and joining the large black spot at the
outer inferior angle, the outer — faint, glaucous, contiguous tosubterminal
band, bent before anal angle ; a broad subterminal black band, widest
at costa, narrowing to anal angle before which it is suddenly constricted ;
terminal space narrow, nowhere pinkish, dull ochraceous-testaceous ;
external margin more undulate than in P. oitis.

This species may be quickly distinguished from P. iHtia, by the ab-
sence of the pink terminal space on posterior wings. I have endeavored
in the description of these latter to bring out the differences which arc
very palpable, and which sufficiently separate the two species.

Two specimens, S and $ . Exp. % o.50, 9 '^-St) inches. Length of
body, S and 9 1.80 inch.

Bahitdf.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. boc. Phil.

Ntimber 217 Port's 3ISS. Catalogue.

Philampelus STRENUUS, ( CJieerocampa streima. 3Ieuetries, En.
Corp. An. Mus. Ac. Sci. Petr. Ins. Lep. II, p. 132, Tab. 12, fig. 8, 1857)
from Hayti, is allied to P. fasciafus, and its position is plainly between
the latter and P. lycaon, mihi. Dr. Clemens has not noticed the Hay-
tian species in the '• Synopsis."

Philampelus Lycaon.

Sphinx Lycaon, Cram., Exot. PI. 55, fig. A. (1779.)

Pholus Lycaon, Hiibn., Exot. Sehmett. (1824.)

Philampelus satcJlitia. Walker. C. B. M. p. 175. (1856.)

Not Sphinx satellitia, Linn. Drury, Harris.

Philampelus satellitia, Clem., (partim) Syn. X. A. Sp. p. 154. (1859.)
" •' H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 147. (186.3 )

'• " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

The synonymy of the present species is much embroiled. Our North-
ern species figured by Drury, PI. 29, fig. 1, and by Harris. Ins. Inj.
PI. 5, fig. 2, is specifically distinct from the Cuban species, and should
retain the name satellitia, being (vide Drury) the species intended by
Linnaeus. Mr. Walker has evidently called that species Pan<loni>>.
Hiibn., which name I regard as a synonym of P. satfUitia.

Cramer's figure of Lycaon differs from the Cuban specimens before
me by the clouded patch on posterior wings before the apex, and by
the absence of the rose-colored spot at analani^le, in both of these cha-
racters resembling P. satellitia. But since the shape and markings of
the anterior wings are quite distinct from P. satellitia, and nearly cor-
respond with the Cuban species, and moreover as I infer from descrip-
tions that the roseate spot is inconstant, I am disposed to agree with
I)r, Herrich-Schajffer 1. c. that Cramer intended the West Indian species.

That, under P. anteUititt, Mr. Walker has intended the present species,
T do not doubt, while his citation of Harris is incorrect. I cannot ac-
count for Dr. Herrich-Scha?ffer's remark that " Walker quotes Harris and
Hiibner correctly under F. Fandonis." The mystery attending Mr.
Walker's use and citation of 7^. ampeJoj)haga, Harris, (ubi '/) is inex-
plicable, and this remark of Dr. Herrich-Scha^ffer's seems to sanction
the existence of such a description. Dr. Clemens has already alluded
to the non-existence of any description of Dr. Harris' under the spe-
cific name o^ ampplophnga. 1. c. p. 154.

If. then, we transfer the entire synonymy cited by Mr. Walker on p. 175
1. c. to PhiUimpelus FaiidorKs, Walk., on p. 174 1. c, excepting the refer-
ences of Cramer and Hiibner under the specific name of Li/raou, we shall
have the synonymy of our Northern species described by Mr. Walker
as F. Fandonis. while the present species, described by the English
Entomologist as P. satelfitia, will receive the name I have here adopted.
Dr. Clemens appears to regard these two species as identical, a conclu-
sion which I must believe to be entirely erroneous. Dr Herrich-Schaef-
fer has appreciated the difference between the two species, while retain-
ing the name of P. satrlfitia for the present species, in consonance with
Mr. Walker's incorrect synonymy.

Diff"er8 from P. sdlrffifin, Linn, by the somewhat slighter and nar-
rower shape. The external margin of anterior wings is very nearly
straight, not S-shaped. The subterminal lines are more distinct, no-
where angulated, regularly lunulate between the nervules ; the termi-
nal and subterminal spaces, especially on internal margin bordering the
first subterminal and most distinct line, are largely mixed with whitish,
somewhat nacreous scales. The sub-triangulate spot on the middle of
internal margin is smaller, more contrasted with the general color of
the wing and preceded by slightly roseate scales.

The posterior wings show a very distinct large roseate spot on inter-
nal margin, covering anal angle; the blackish spot within internal mar-
gin is somewhat rounded, much smaller than in P. satd/ltta ; the sub-
terminal interspaceal black maculations are not obscured superiorly by a
large dark green shade baud, but continued distinctly to costa. The
external margin is less excavate than in P. mtcllitin, compared with
which the Cuban species generally is more olivaceous and paler.

One specimen wants the sub-triangular dark patch on internal mar-
gin of anterior wings.

P. ndtdlitla never has the pink anal patch, which latter I am of opi-
nion is of greater value as a specific character than indicated by Mr.
Walker. It is constant in the four specimens before me, and perhaps

62 [AuousT

there are more species than P. sateUitia and P. Lyrann to be elimi-
nated. Its absence in Cramer's figure causes my only doubt, as to the
correctness of the synonymy I have adopted. If distinct from S. Li/-
raon, Cram, the present species is, so far as I can see, uodescribed until
now, and may in this event be called Phi/ampflus j^osficatus.

Four specimens, S S ? $ . Exp. % 3.85, $4.25 inches. Length of
body % and $ 2.00 inches.

Habitat.— Cnhsi, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 84 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

Philampelus labruscee.

Sphinx labrusccE, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulric 352. (1764.)
Fab., Sp. Ins. II, 152, 57. (1781.)
« " Cram., Exot. II, 133, PI. 184, fig. A. (1782.)

« " Fab., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 377, 66. (1793.)

Argeus labruscoe, Hubn., Verz. Schm. p. 134. (1816.)
Philampelus labruscoe, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 178. (1856.)
" « Burm. Sph. Braz. p. 2. (1856.)

« " Clem., Syn. N. A. S. p. 156. (1859.)

" « H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 4.60, $ 4.80 inches. Length of
body S 9 2.50 inches.

Habitat.— Gnh?^, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 218 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

PACHYLIA, Boisduval.
Pachylia Ficus.

Merian, Ins. Surim. PI. 33. (1719.)

Sphinx Ficus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 800, No. 15. (1766.)

" " Clerck, Icon. PI. 49, fig. 2.

" " Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. II, 44, PI. 26, fig. 1. (177.3.)

« " Fabricius, Sp. Ins. II, 145, 16. (1781.)

" Cramer, III, 88, PI. 246, fig. E. (1782.)
Fholus Ficus, Hubner, Verz. Schm. 134. (1816.)
Sphinx Crameri, West., Drury. (1837.)?
Pachylia Ficus, Walker, C. B. M. VIII, 189. (1856.)
Deilephila Ficus, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 5. (1856.)

Chcerocampa Crameri, Men. En. An. Acad. Petr. Part II, p. 133. (1357.)
Pachylia Ficus, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 158. (1859.)
H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Two specimens, Z and 9 . Exp. Z 4.50. 9 5.00 inches. Length of
body. I 2.30, 9 2.40 inches.

Habitat.— Cnhd, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 289 Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

Professor 13urmeister has apparently had two species before him. nf
which the second, to judge by his brief remark — •• einer Kleinoren. viol

1S(;5.] 63

lieller gefiirbten, ohue die Querbinden auf den Oberfliigelu" — cannot
be referred to the following species, and is possibly undescribed.

After comparing Dr. Clemens' description Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phil. p. 159 (1865), with the present material, I am of opinion that
the Texan specimen belongs to a distinct species, in which case the
name of Pdchylia Lyncea, proposed for it by Dr. Clemens in this event,
will be retained.

Pachylia inomata.

Sphinx Ficus, Cram., IV, 216, PI. 394, fig. D. (1782.)

Not Sphinx Ficus, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 800. (1766.)

Chctrocampa ficus, Men. En. An. Acad. Petr. Part II, p. 13.3. (1857.)

Pachylia inomata, Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Spji. p. 159. (1859.)

No. 3 {Pachylia,) H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Allied to the foregoing, but a stouter, very dark brown, almost unico-
lorous species, of less expanse.

The anterior wings show a faint median costal paler shade, similarly
shaped to the very distinct costo-apical patch, and enclosing the discal
dot. The posterior wings are entirely dark brown, concolorous with
anterior pair, with undefinedly darker marginal borders; anal angle
tipped with white projecting scales.

It is possible, that Mr. Walker has united specimens of P. inomata^
with his material under P. ficus, to which the present species is nearly
allied, but from which I consider it perfectly distinct. Cramer's later
figure. I think, refers to the present species, and not to P. ficus.

One male specimen. Exp. % , 3.80 inches. Length of body 2.00
inches.

riahUaf.—Gnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Xuinher 91 Pony's MSS. Catalogue.

Pachylia resumens.

Pachylia resumens, Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 190. (1856.)
" " Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 159. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Three specimens, % % <^ . Exp. % 3.20, $ 3.60 inches. Length of
body % and 9 , 1.80 inch.

Hab!faf.—Cnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Numher 92 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

All the abdominal segments above, are narrowly banded anteriorly
with black ; this is seen more plainly when the abdomen is bent, ex-
posing in this position more of the surface of the terminal segments.

64 [August

AMBTJLYX, Boisduval.
Ambnlyz strigilis.

Sphinx strigilis, Linn., Mant. I, 538.

" '• Drury, Exot. Ins. I, 62, PI. 28, fig. 4. (1773.)

" '• Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 144. 22. (1781.)

" " Cram., Pap. Exot. II, 14, PI. 106, fig. B. (1782.)

" " Fabr. Exot. Syst. Ill, 1, 364, 26. (179.3.)

Pholus " Hubn.. Verz. Schm. p. 134. (1816.)
Ambulyx " Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 121. (1856.)
" " Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 14. (1856.)

" " Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 152. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1825.)

Two specimens, % and J . Exp. % 4 00, $ 4.30 inches. Length of

body 1.75 inch.

Habitat.— Vnhfi, (Poey.)* Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Numht-r 542 Poeys 3ISS. Catalogue.

Ambnlyz Ganascus.

Sphinx Ganascus, StoU, PI. 35, fig. 3. (1787.)
Amplypterus Ganascus. Hiibn., Verz. Schm. p. 133. (1816.)
Ambulyx Ganascus, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 121. (1856.)
«• " Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 15. (1856.)

** " Clem., Sph. N. Am. Sph. p. 153. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 3.75 inches. Length of body 1.60
inch.

Habifai. — Cnhsi, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 96 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

This genus shows certain remote affinities to Smerinthus. Amplyp-
terus Hiibu., (^Ambh/pterus Walk., Clemens) contains discordant ma-
terial, while A. Ganascus is regarded evidently as the typical species
of his genus by Hiibner.

PSETJDOSPHINX, Burmeister.
Pseudosphinx Tetrio.

Sphinx Tetrio, Linn., Mant. 1, 538 (Burm.)

" " Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 145, 27. (1781.)

" .HascJrMia/, Cram., Exot. Ill, 90, PI. 246, fig. F. (1782.)

" Tetrio, Fabr., Mant. Ins. II, 96, 30. (1787.)

" " " Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 366, 32. (1793.)

Hyloicus Hasdruhal. Hiibn., Verz. Schm. p. 139. (1816.)
Sphinx Asdrubal, Poey, Cent. Lepid. (1832.)

Macrcnla Hasdrubal, Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 202. (1856.)
Pseudosphinx Tetrio, Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 8. (1856.)
Macrosila Hasdruhal, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 161. (1859.)
Macrosila Asdrubal, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 59. (1865.)

The present species is amply generically distinct from either Am-
phont/j or Sphinx. Prof Burmeister has described the larva of I'.

1865.] 65

fctn'o, and it has been beautifully figured with the pupa by Prof. Poey
(Decade II). The structural features of the immature stages of this
species merit attention. With regard to the synonymy I have adopted,
I refer to the pamphlet of Prof. Burmeister, who has given very inter-
esting details respecting the species. Mr. Walker cites Sphinx Plu-
mierise, Merian, Ins. Sur. PI. 5, as a synonym to Sphinx Tetrio, Fab.
I have not seen the edition of Mdlle. Merian's work, which is probably
that of 1771 (Hageu's Bib. Ent.), in which this is given. I quote here,
from Prof. Poey's Cent. Lepid., some interesting facts respecting the
larva of this species :

" La chenille est remarquable par une queue tres-longue et membra-
neuse. EUe est tr^-vorace, et mange les feuilles d'une espece de fran-
chipanier {Plumeria), connu dans le pays sous le nom de Lirio, dont
la fleur sert a faire des confitures. Elle devore aussi une partie des
branches, qui sont remplies dun sue laiteux que Ton dit tres corrosif.
mais qui ne fait aucun nial a I'insecte. On trouve la chrysalide au pied
des buissons, nullement enfouie sous terre, mais simplement recouverte
par une feuille, ou cachee sous quelque morceau de brique, tels qu'on
en voit dans les sucreries, autour des habitations ou I'arbre est cultive."

Cramer's figure of the imago is somewhat larger than the specimens
sent, and, nowithstanding the customary grossness which characterizes
the figures of the Dutch Entomologist, is quite recognizable.

Two specimens, Z and 9 . Exp. % 4.00, 9 4.80 inches. Length of
body % 2.10, 9 2.40 inches.

Habitat.— Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soe. Phil.

Nimiher 537 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

The elimination of the present genus by Prof. Burmeister, evinces
acumen ; it is confounded by Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens, under the
generic term 3Iaa-osila, with dissonant material.

AMPHONYX, Poey.

Amply distinct from Sphinx, Linn., the present genus, erected by
Prof. Poey in 1832, has been misconceived by subsequent authors, and
the two gigantic species A. Antseus, and A. Duponchel, separated by
Prof. Poey. have been confounded together.

The character insisted on by Prof. Poey in his generic phrase, is the
peculiar conformation of the well developed third palpal article, which
extends nakedly beyond the head in the form of a corneous booklet.
AVere the material sufficiently large, I should have endeavored to have
given, from dissectional studies, further details respecting this genus,
which I am quite confident is of independent value, lender the genus

66 [August

Sphinx, I have explained fully the syuonymical relation it bears to
Macrosila, Boisd.

Amphonyz Anteeus.

Merian, Ins. Surin. PI. 38. (1719.)

Sjihinx Antaeus, Drury, 111. Exot Ins. II, 43, PI. 25, fig. 1. (1773.)
Sphinx Jatropha, Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 143, 18. (1781.)
Sj)hinx Medor, Cramer, Exot. IV, 216, PI. 394, fig. A. (1782.)
Sphinx Jatrophce, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 362, 22. (1793.)
Cocytius JatrophcE, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)
Amphonyx Antceus, Poey, Cent. Lepid. (1832.)
Macrosila Antceus, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 200. (1856.)
Sphinx JatrophcB, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 9. (1856.)
Macrosila Antceus, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 162. (1859.)
Macrosila anthoeus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 59. (1865.)
Mr. Walker, and, to judge from his remarks, also Dr. Clemens, have
confounded this with the following species, from which it differs by
its greater size, and in that the squammation of the anterior wings on
the upper surface is of a decided brown tinge, destitute of all greenish
scales whatever. The anal angle of the posterior wings is less acutely
produced than in A. dwponvliel. It is possible that under Sphin.r
Medor, Cramer, pi. o94, fig. A, the following species is intended, but
the inferiority of Cramer's figures prevents certainty in a matter of such
very closely allied species. With regard to Sphinx Hi/daspus, Cramer,
( S- Hi/draapua, Clem.) Cramer says: "On en trouve une variete qui
n'ont point les six taches blanches sur la partie posterieure du Corps ;
peutetre que ces derniers sont les Males, car la Figure que nous donnons
ici represeute une Femelle." I incline to the belief, having both sexes
ef A. Antseiis and A. Duponchel before me, that Cramer's figure refers
to a third, closely allied species, which may be called Amphonyx Hy-
DASPES. I have seen but one figure of Cramer's under the name of S.
Medor, and in the description no mention is made of the sex. If a
second exists, as is to be inferred from what Dr. Clemens states, it has
escaped my research. The description of *S'. Medor leaves it to be un-
derstood, that it is the species referred to as a variety of S. Hi/duspiis in
the description of the latter in Vol. 1, p. 31, while the name of the first
species with the terminal lateral white niaculations, is changed to S.
Ifydaspfs* a rendering I have adopted as the more correct.

Two specimens, S and 9 . Exp. % 5.75, 9 7.50 inches. Lengfch of
body I 8.00, 9 o.25 inches.

Hnbitat.—Vviha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Nnmher 547 Potty's MSS. C<ttalogur.

* " Hydaspes," Humboldt, Cosmos. Vol. 2, p. 538. Bohn's Edit. 1849.

1865.] 67

Amphonyx Duponchel.

Amphoiti/x Duponchel, Poey, Cent. Lepid. (1832.)
Macrosila Antceus, (partim) Walk., C. B. M. p. 200. (1856.)

" " " Clem.. Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 162. (1869.)

Not Macrosila AntcetiS, Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. II, 43, PI. 25, fig. 1. (1773.)
Macrosila duponchel, H-S., Corr. Blatt., p. 59. (1865.)

Differs from the foregoing in that the squammation of the anterior
wings, on the upper surface, is largely greenish. Compared with A.
Antseiis, this smaller species has quite a distinctive appearance, while
my examinations have afforded me but the green powdery scales which
cover the anterior wings on their upper surface, as well as the head,
thoracic region and abdomen, as a strong specific character, the orna-
mentation being remarkably similar in both species.

Two specimens, % and 9 • Exp. S 4.40, 9 5.30 inches. Length of
body S 2.30, 9 2.35 inches.

Habit at. —Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 214 Poei/\ MSS. Catalogue.

Amphonyx cluentius, Poey, (Sphinx cluentius. Cramer), is not in-
cluded in the present collection, while Dr. Gundlach appears to have
sent it from Cuba to Dr. Herrich-Schseffer.

SPHINX, Linnaeus.
While the European Sphinx convolruli, and Sphinx ligustri, must
be considered the more typical forms of this genus, I am aware that
the material T here include under Sphinx, appears susceptible of dis-
tinctive generic separation. The generic term Man'osila Boisd.. used
by Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens for certain of the species, should have
the preference over Protoparce Burm., already mentioned in this No-
tice, and which contains such discordant material and seems so poorly
conceived that it is better entirely neglected. The generically per-
fectly distinct species composing the genera Pseud oqyhinx Burm.. and
Amphonyx Poey, have, however, been confounded by both Mr. Walker
and Dr. Clemens, as congenerical with Sphinx rustica and allies, while
the species composing the two former genera, are apparently regarded
by these authors as typical of the genus Macrosila. Amphonyx Poey,
erected in 1832, has priority over any of Boisduval's MSS. genera
made public by Mr. Walker in the Catalogue of the British Museum,
and contains perfectly homogenous material, and is, moi'eover. more
scientifically correct and better conceived than Macrosila. By amend-
in"; Macrosihi, and includintr under that ueneric name, the first three
species of Sphinx here enumerated, adding Sphinx quinquemaculata

68 [August

Haw., Sphinx oclius* Klug, and perhaps others — which will be under-
stood from the material I now indicate — a genus appears susceptible of
erection, which would contain consonant material, very different from
that thrown together under Protoparce, by Prof. Burmeister, and, in a
less degree perhaps, from MacrosUa of Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens.
It seems, however, sufficient for the purposes of this Xotice, in con-
sideration also of the circumscribed material I have here studied, but
to insist on the needed revision, which should be entered into by careful
dissectional study, and to state, that, so far as we can judge from au-
thors, the species (with the exceptions already noted and adopted under
Pseudospliinx and Amphonyx') separated under Macrosila and Proto-
parce, appear to differ by an entire exaggerational development, rather
than by an ultimate structural divergence, from the more typical Euro-
pean forms of Sjihinx.

Sphinx rustica.

Sphinx rustica, Fab., Sp Ins. II, 145, 28. (1781.)
" " Cram., Pap. Pap. Exot. IV, 21, PI. 301, fig. A. (1782.)

" " Fab., Mant. Ins. II, 95, 31. (1787.)

" " Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 366, 33. (1793.)

" chionanthi, Abbot & Smith, Ins. Georg. I, 67, PL 34. (1797.)

Acherontia chionanthi, Hiibn., Verz. Schm. 139, 1495. (1816.)

Cocytius rustica. Hiibn., Verz., Schm. 140, 1498. (1816.)

" Hiibn., Exot. Sch. Lep. Ill, Pond. 2, fig. 1, 2. (1824.)

Macrosila rustica, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 199. (1856.)

Frotoparce rustica, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 7. (1856.)

Macrosila rustica, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 163. (1859.)

Sphinx ntstica, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 59. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 4.50, 9 .5.00 inches. Length of
body. % and $ 2.20 inches.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number lb Poeyh MSS. Catalogue.

The specimens do not differ specifically from those that I have exam-
ined from different parts of the United States.

* The synonomy of this species is as follows :

MACBOSILA, emend, mihi.
Macrosila ochus.

Sphinx ochus, Klug., Neue Schm. Heft. 1, p. 4, Plate 3, fig. 2. (1836.)
Macrosila instita, Clem., Syn, X. Am. Sph. p. 164. (1859.)
Habitat. — Mexico, (Klug.) Honduras, (Clemens.)

Curiously enough Mr. Walker does not mention the present species, though
quoting Sphinx Typhon, Klug (Philampelus Typhon, Walk.), figured on the
same Plate. Dr. Clemens' synonym is doubtless owing to this omission in the
British Museum Lists.

1865.] • 69 :

Sphinx Carolina. i

Sphinx Carolina, Linn, Mus. Lud. TJlric, .346. (1764)

" " Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. L 52, PI. 25, fig. 1. (1770.)

" " Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, lU, 21. (1781.)

" " Fabr., Mant. Ins. II, 94, 24. (1787.) ]

" " Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 363, 25. (1793.) i

" " Abbot & Smith, Nat. Hist. Ins. Georg. 1, 65, PI. 33. (1797.) I

Phlegethoniius Carolina, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)
Mandrica ohscura Carolina, Htlbn., Exot. Sch. Sphing. III. (1824.)
Sphinx Carolina, Harris, Cat. X. Am. Sph. p. 14. (1839.)

Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 216. (1856.) '

Macrosila Carolina, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 165. (1859.) i

iSp^iwa: caT-o/i/ia, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 59. (1865.) '

One male specimen. Exp. S ,4.10 inches. Length of body,2. 00 inches.
Hahitat.—Guhsi, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 215 Poey's MSS. Catalogue. j

The specimen sent does not differ specifically from material which I i

have examined from different parts of the United States.

Sphinx cingnlata. j

Sphinx cingulata, Linn., Mus. Leak. 96, 193. (Walker.) ' :

'• " Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 151, 48. (1781.) j

" " Fabr., Mant. Ins. II, 97, 53. ] 787.) • j

" " Fabr., Ent. Syst. Ill, 1. (1793.) |

" " Abbot k Smith, Ins. Georg. I, 63, PI. 32. (1797.)

Sphinx Druroei Donovan, Brit. Ins. XIV, pi. 469. (1813.)
Agrius cingulatiLS, Htlbn., Verz. Schm. 140, 1507. (1816.)

" " Hllbn., Exot. Schm. Lep. II, Sph. III. (1824.)

Sphinx cingulata, Harris, Cat. X. Am. Sph. p. (1839.)
" " Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 215. (1856.)

" " Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 12. (1856.)

Macrosila cingulata, Clem., Syn. X. Am. Sph. p. 164. (1859.)
Sphinx cingulata, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 59. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and $ . Exp. % and 5 4.40 inches. Length of
body, % 2.20, $ 2.00 inches.

HahUat.—i^uh-i. (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Xumber 216 Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

The specimens sent do not differ specifically from those I have ex-
amined from different parts of the United States.

Sphinx Brontes. (Plate 1, fig. b %.)

Sphinx Brontes, Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. II, 52. PI. 29, fig. 3. (1770.)
Not Sphinx Brontes, Boisd. Sp. Gen. Plate 15, fig. 6. (1836.)
Sphinx Brontes, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 59. (1865.j

The specimens sent by Prof. Poey more nearly correspond to Drury's
figure of Sjfhiitx Brontes, than any species as yet known to me. I
have already stated that Sphinx Brontes of Boisd. is not that of Drury.
but is Ccrutomia repentinus Clem., a species of common occurrence in

70 [August

the United States. This latter species differs throughout from Drury's
figure, and from the insect I here describe and figure, and which must
approach Drury's very closely, if it be not, as I conjecture, identical
with it. As to what Mr. Walker intends under Macrosi/a Brontes, I
am io-norant. The small head, the rounded external martrin of ante-
rior wings, with the internal angle not exserted, the three black inter-
spaceal dashes, are all characters, in addition to numerous other, less
prominent, which quickly distinguish C repentinus from Drury's figure
and the insect I now describe.

Head large and prominent; eyes salient; thorax and abdomen hardly
so stout as in Drury's figure, which exceeds my specimens in expanse
and general size The markin<rs of the anterior winas coincide with
Drury's figure, except that the discal spot is white, the brown subter-
minal space is narrower and paler. The external margin is straight.
internal angle exserted. Terminally there is a series of Y-shaped black-
ish marks on the veins, which is characteristic of Drury's figure and
very difierent from C. rppentinus in this respect; the course of all the
transverse lines and markings are quite alike in Drury's figure and my
specimens.

The posterior wings differ from Drury's figure, but not perhaps so
greatly, that the latitude we may allow for the roughness of the figure
will not cover it. Before anal angle there is a cinereous patch, as in
Drury's figure. Medially the wing is crossed by three propinquitous
dark lines, with a paler series of scales between the first and second
line. In Drury's figure these lines are not indicated, while a whitish
band is drawn, undulating, across the wing. Could I but reconcile this
disparity, I should be confident that I had Drury's species before me.

I have at least shown that Dr. Clemens' C )-epentinus is a good spe-
cies, and should not be confounded with Drury's S. brontes while I
have less evidence to prove that the present is the species that Drury
intended. Drury's description does not allude to the whitish band on
the inferior wings, and, while doubtful on the whole, whether it be worth
while to try and identify a figure of so indifferent an execution, I pro-
pose that the present species be considered as the species intended by
Drury, ad interim at least, till one better suited be found, in which lat-
ter event I propose for the present species the name of Sphinx cubensus.

Two specimens, S and $ . Exp. % 3.50, $ 3.60 inches. Length of
body, % and $ 1.80 inch.

Habitat— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number 86 Poey a MSS. Catalogue.

1865.] 71

I have alluded elsewhere to what I suppose is an error on the
part of Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer, in referring his specimens, which I have
every reason to believe are specifically identical with mine, as corre-
sponding with Boisduval's figure, Sp. Gren. PI. 15, fig. 6.

Sphinx afflicta, nov. sp.

Yellowish-olivaceous-cinereous, when fresh perhaps with a greenish
tinge, which has however quite disappeared, if it existed, from the
single specimen I describe. All the transverse lines darker, very nar-
row, distinct and continued. At extreme base some white scales. Four
lines from the costa before the discal spot, very irregularly dentate and
undulate, the third, at the sub-median nervure, joining the fourth.
Discal spot white, surrounded with a dark encircling line, small, sub-
reniform in shape. Beyond the median space, three propinquitous,
oblique, trembled lines, run from costa to internal margin, slightly pro-
jected below the costa, the interspace between the second and third
paler. These lines are interrupted with a few black scales inferiorly.
A subterminal, widely and regularly undulate line, which is sub-obsolete
to costa, before which it is joined by the apical streak, the latter lined
above by a few white scales. An obsolete terminal line, showing a few
white scales. Fringes dark, narrowly interrupted with white between
the nervules.

Posterior wings pale blackish at base, beyond which they are whitish.
A very intense, distinct, black demi-band, crosses the middle of the
wing, furcate, sending ofi" at the center, inwardly, a black dash, which
is not continued to costa. Beyond the median black band, is a pale
interspace, succeeded by a narrow, black, somewhat undulate, subtermi-
nal band, widening between the nervules to costa. Terminal space
shaded with yellow-olivaceous scales. Fringes white, narrowly inter-
rupted with olivaceous at the extremity of the veins.

Under surface olivaceous brownish. Anterior pair crossed by three,
distinct, undulate, brownish lines; beyond, a subterminal brownish
shade band, furcate at costa ; disc covered with brownish scales, sprinkled
with olivaceous. Posterior wings whitish at anal angle and along inter-
nal margin, crossed medially by two distinct black bands, of which the
outer, the least distinct, joining the inner on medio-posterior nervule,
dentate on the nervules. A subterminal, broad, brownish, shade band.
Head, sufficiently prominent, less so than in the foregoing species;
eyes, moderately salient; antennae, long and stout. The squammation
of the head and thoracic region is unicolorous with anterior wings.
without markings; on the metathorax laterally, a blackish sub-tuft.

72 [August

Abdomen, paler ttan thorax, with lighter lateral scales surrounded with
black, forming more complete maculations towards the base ; beneath
paler, somewhat brownish cinereous. Legs clothed with yellowish oli-
vaceous scales; tarsi annulate; posterior tibise strongly spurred. Max-
illae moderate.

Resembles Sphinx Pamphilim, Cram. PI. 394, fig. E. ; if we allow
great latitude to the figure, we may perhaps regard it as the species
intended. Cramer's figure has the posterior wings nearly all black,
while the general color is much as in S. afflicta. The course of the
transverse lines on anterior wings, diiFers in detail.

One male specimen. Exp. 3.60 inches. Length of body. 1.60 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Enc. Soc. Philad.

Number 85 Poei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

In the shape of the wings this species somewhat nearly resembles
*S^. repentirius, while the head and eyes are larger, more salient, and
the general coloration very difi"erent and peculiar. Independent of
these the ornamentation, though displaying a somewhat similar pat-
tern, is quite distinct.

The different species I have here finally alluded to, and already
vaguely characterized as cinereous, roughly-scaled species of Sphinx,
will need a generic revision ; provisionally, these are better referred to
the typical genus of the family.

EEINNYIS, Hubner.
Erinnyis Caicus.

Sphinx Caicus, Cram., II, p. 42, PI. 125, fig. F. (1779.)

" " Fabr., Sp. Ins. II, 151, 49. (1781.)

Phryxus Caicus, HUbner, Verz. Schm. 137. (1816.)
Anceryx Caicus, "Walk., C. B. M. VIII, p. 228. (1856.)

" " Clem., Syn. K A. Sph. J. A. N. S. Phil. p. 177. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Bl. p. 60. (1865.)

The external margin of the anterior wings is entire, not denticulated.
Cramer's figure is quite recognizable, his best in the genus perhaps,
while the specific name is liable to some confusion, since there is ano-
ther species called Cacus by the same author, Plate 46, fig. E. {Dilo-
phonofa Cacus Burm.) belonging to the same genus, though but dis-
tantly resembling the present species.

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 2.80, 9 3.00 inches. Length of
body, S and 9 , 1.70 inch.

Habitat.— Cuh^, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 95 Poet/'s 31SS. Catalogue.

Misled by a certain correspondence, which the modified ornamentation

1865.] 73

of the present species bears to DrUt'phllit li'vonu'ca, — Ilubuer. doubtless
without autoptical acquaintance with E. Caicics, has regarded it as con-
ajenerical with the European species.

Erinnyis EUo.

Sjihinx EUo, Linn., Syst. Nat. 800, 13. (1766.)

" " Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. I, 58, pi. 27, fig. 3. (1773.)

" " Fab., Sp. Ins. II, 143, 17. (1781.)

" Cram., Pap. Exot. IV, 24, 301, fig. D. (1782.)
Erinnyis EUo, Ilubner, Verzeich. p. 139. (1816.)
Sphinx EUo, Harris, Cat. N. Am. Sph. p. 297 (17) No. 11. (1837.)
Anceryx EUo, Walk., C. B. M. VIII, p. 224. (1856.)
Dilophonota EUo. Buna., Syst. Ueb. Sph. Braz. p. 13. (1856.)
Anceryx EUo, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 175. (1859.)
" H-S., Corr. Bl. p. 59. (1865.)
Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 3.00, 9 3.60 inches. Length of
body % 1.80, 9 2.00 inches.

Habitat.— Cuhn, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 221 Puci/'s JISS. Catalogue.

The female has the anterior wings evenly and entirely cinereous, all
markings — except the terminal and subterminal arcuated iuterspaceal
rows of blackish dots, which are nearly obsolete — are entirely wanting.
Cramer's figure is very defective, and barely recognizable.

Erinnyis rimosa. nov. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 1, % .)

Anceryx scyron, Walker, C. B. M. VIII, p. 225. (1856.) ?
Not Sphinx scyron. Cram., IV, 23, pi. 301, fig. E. (1782.)
Anceryx scyron f H-S., Corr. Bl. p. 59. (1865.)
Anterior wings cinereous, traversed by brown, irregularly undulate,
zig-zag lines. Extreme base at costa brown, with two blackish brown,
short, broad, dashes, the upper immediately below the costa. the lower
parallel, and immediately below the subcostal nervure. A pale cinere-
ous space succeeds, projected nearly to the extremity of the discal cell
at the middle of the wing, traversed by two faint, undulating, oblique,
brown lines, limited exteriorly by a distinct, slightly undulating, brown
line, which is strongly marked inferiorly to internal mai'gin, and runs ob-
liquely from costa to discal cell, thence inversely very obliquely to inter-
nal margin, which it joins near the base of the wing, directly below the
cnsto-basal dashes. A second, similar brown line to the one last men-
tioned, runs shortly parallel, separating below the third m. uervulo.
thence running straightly to internal margin, thus leaving a cinereous,
somewhat triangular space on internal margin. The wing, between
these lines and beyond, is shaded with brown. No discal dot. An in-
terrupted, costal, cinereous space, beyond which, three iindulate, brown
lines, of which the outer very faint, all very plainly uiiikcd at costa.

74 [August

and running obliquely, slightly arcuated, to internal margin, the middle
one most distinct, and running closely parallel to the second brown line
mentioned above at internal margin, the latter line apparently joined to
the inner line at about the middle of the wing.

These fine transverse lines form a figure which somewhat resembles
a sprawling K. A blackish-brown, linear dash, in the interspace be-
tween the first and second median nervules at base. A cinereous shade
spreads from the costa, where it is narrow, outwardly to external margin
above the second m. nervule. Apical space, limited inwardly by this
shade, of a brownish hue; nervules ciiiereous with brown spots; two
dark brown, disconnected, macular shade lines, of which the ante-apical
is the most distinct; fringes cinereous.

Posterior wings, bright yellow at base, with very wide blackish mar-
ginal bands, traversed by two black lines, which are more distinctly per-
ceivable when crossing a cinereous patch at anal angle; costa very pale;
fringes cinereous.

Under surfoce of both pair of wings rather pale brownish, suffused
centrally with a warmer shade, and traversed by regularly undulate-
dentate, darker shade lines, of which one is very distinct and prominent.

Head above, and collar, brownish-cinereous ; thorax, cinereous, with
blackish median line ; abdomen, cinereous, with two dorsal, interrupted,
black lines, and with broad, segmentary, black, lateral demi-bands.

The female resembles the male ; the transverse lines on the anterior
wings are medially more obscured by pale brownish, and more obsolete;
subcostally, the apex is whitish.

Exp. % o.OO inches. Length of body 1.60 inch. Exp. 9 3.20 inches.
Length of body 1.60 inch.

Hahifaf.—CnhA, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 88, Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

This is impossibly to be referred to Cramer's figure E, PI. 301, which
is a caricature of any lepidoptei'ous insect. I imagine. Dr. Herrich-
Schfeffer doubtfully refers this species* to Cramer's " .sry row." while
E. rimosa is apparently the species so determined by Mr. Walker.
Until an original for Cramer's figure be found, if found it can be. acjjrun
may be placed on the lists as a doubtful species, while the grossness of
the figure will probably lead to the rejection of the specific name.
T (1(1 not enter into the disagreements of the present species with Cra-
mer's figure, for the reason that I can find no striking resemblance be-

*"Icli kann mioh immer noch nicht iiberzeugen, dass Cramer's Bild diese Art
darstellen soil." H-S. C. B. p. 59. 1865.

18G5.] 75

twcea them to make it worth while to institute the comparison, the
figure reminding one equally of any species of the genus, or indeed any
" Sphinx " with yellowish secondaries. It would be an act of injustice
to naturalists, were species referred as intended by earlier authors on
grounds, even much more tenable, than those which authorize me to de-
scribe the present as a new species. Prof. Poey writes, respecting an
unpublished MSS. name for this species : •' H-S. I'a recu de Paris sous
le nom de Mnechus."

Erinnyis Alope.

Sphinx Alope. Drury, Vol. I, 58. pi. 27, fig. 1. (1770.)

" Cram., 4, 2.3, pi. 301, fig. G. (1782.)
Erinnyis A/ope, Hubn., Verz. Schm. p. 139, No. 1492. (1816.)
Anceryx Alope, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 225. (1856.)
Dilophonota Alope, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 13. (1856.)

Anceryx Alope, Clem., Syn. N. A. 8r,h. J. A. N. S. Phil. p. 177. (1859.)
" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 60. (1865.)

The specimens accord sufficiently well with the citations, as to pre-
vent any donbts of the correctness of the determination. The anterior
wings, in my specimens, are generally paler than in the original figures;
this is noticeable particularly in the male, in which a paler shade ex-
tends along the lower half of the wing, from before the middle of inter-
nal margin, obliquely to external margin, latter denticulated ; in the
female the wing is darker, more unicolorously blackish-brown.

Two specimens, % and $ . Exp. % 3.60, $ 3.80 inches. Length of
body S and $ ,2.00 inches.

Habitat.— CuU, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.
Number 77, Poei/'s M>SS. Catalogue.

Erinnyis Merianae, nov. sp. (Plate 2, fig. 2. J .)

Anterior wings, deep blackish-brown, all the transverse lines subob-
solete. A sub-triangular, subcosto-apical, cinereous patch; a distinctly
defined cinereous patch at about the middle of internal margin, beyond
which the region within the internal angle is shaded with dull cinere-
ous scales, which show as pale margins to the subobsolete, transverse,
subterminal, undulating blackish lines; external margin denticulate;
nervules, interrupted narrowly with cinereous; at base of wing, a few
cinereous hairs.

Posterior wings, dull reddish ferruginous, with a narrow, blackish,
shaded border; dull cinereous at anal angle, where a black line is appa-
rent; fringes, from anal angle along internal margin, whitish.

Under surface, dull brownish ; base of both wings whitish, especially
posterior pair; disc of anterior pair very distinctly covered with reddish
ferruginous, hairy scales; costa at base, and towards the centre on pos-

76 • [August

terior wings, irrorate with cinereous scales ; no median darker shade
lines as in A. oenotrus ; subterminal darker shade dentate, subobsolete.

Head, and thoracic region above, very deep brownish-black ; on the
sides, anteriorly, a few cinereous scales, which extend laterally on pro-
thoracic reuiou. Metathorax, clothed with ferrusinous-cinereous scales,
which extend centrally on the disc ; thorax, bi-crested.

Abdomen, above, black, banded with whitish hairs which margin the
segments posteriorly; dorsally, the scales are paler than laterally, form-
ing a longitudinal shade stripe. Legs, cinereous ; tibiae, darker.

Two specimens, S and $. Exp. % 3.40. $ 3.10 inches. Length of
body % 2.00 inches, 9 1.80 inch.

Habitat.— Gnhv,, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Nimiber 78, Poei/'i< MSS. Catalogue.

Nearly allied to Erinnyu a;notrus. Cram. sp. The anterior wings are
especially very similar. The pale costo-apical shade is longer, better
defined and paler; the one on internal margin is also more determinate
as to shape. The posterior wings are darker ferruginous than in E.
oenotrus^ and the external margin is not so deeply excavate before anal
angle. The tegula; in the latter species are largely brownish, and the
abdomen is the same shade, not black and not banded. The internal
margin of the anterior wings in E. Mfi-ianse, is much more undulate, and
the whole insect much more robust. I do not know, from the short
notice, what species is intended by Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer under the
name " ue^iottus," and to which a second species is said to be allied.
An inspection of Cramer's figure will show that my determination of E.
cenotfus, as a species with unbanded abdomen, is correct. Fig. (jr. PI
3i)l, Cramer, I refer, following Mr. Walker, to E. Alope.

Named in memory of Maria Sibylla Merian, the pioneer Entomolo-
gist of the Eighteenth century.

Erinnyis (Enotrus. (Plate 2, fig. 3, ?.)

Sphinx (Enotrus, Cram., IV, 22, pi. 301, fig. C. (1782.)
Erinnyis CEnotrus, Hiibn., Verz. Schm. 139. (1816.)
Aneeryx (Enotrus, "Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 227. (1856.)
Dilophonota (Enotrus, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 14. (1856.)
Anceryx (Enotrus, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. p. 177. (1859.)
(Enottus, H-S., C. BI, p. 59. (1865.) ?

Smaller than E. Met-ianse, more brownish, the transverse lines plainer,
costal paler markings, more distinct. Abdomen, entirely brownish,
slightly margined with brighter scales on the segments. Prothoras,
and head above, blackish, but the thoracic region above is mostly co-
vered with brownish hairs, concolorous with abdomen. Underneath,
the wings are crossed, medially and subtcrminally, with dark shade lines;

1865.] 77

on the posterior wings the median blackish shade lines are especially
very distinct. On the upper surface, the anterior wings show a series of
black dots in the interspaces, increasing in size towards internal angle,
absent in the foregoing species; the internal margin of anterior wings
is straighter, and the external margin of posterior wings more exca-
vate before anal angle, than in E. Merianse.

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 2.75, $ 3.10 inches. Length of
body % and 9 , 1.75 inch.

Habitat— Quhii, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 93, Focys, MSS. Catalogue.

Erinnyis melanoholica, n. s. (Plate 2, fig. 4, % .)

Anterior wings dark cinereous in the female, much shaded with
blackish-brown in the male, traversed by many confused, inconspicu-
ous lines. No paler patches at apex and on internal margin, are per-
ceptible, while the transverse lines are more distinct terminally, and
especially before internal angle, where they are margined with pale
cinereous, showing the ordinary ornamentation of the genus in this
respect; external margin denticulate.

Posterior wings, reddish-ferruginous, with rather narrow blackish
borders, the nervules within, touched with blackish dots, much as in
the two preceding species ; external margin more excavate before anal
ansile than in E. Merianse. much as in E. amotrus, which E. melan-
cholica more nearly approaches.

Under surfiice brownish, with ferruginous scales on the disc of ante-
rior pair ; posterior wings whitish at base, below costal region, along
internal mai-gin, reddish over the discal region. The under surface
very generally resembles that of the two preceding species, while the
transverse median and subterminal dark shade bauds, crossing both
pair of wings, are most distinct in E. cenotnis, in which the median, on
anterior pair, is more appreciably sinuate. In E. mdancholica the
inner (median) bands are less distinct, becoming macular, especially in
the female — in E. Merianse, the inner bands are obsolete and generally
imperceptible.

Tho'-ax. bi-crested; head, and thoracic region above, brownish-black
in the male, in the female cinei-eous-black. paler laterally in both sexes,
tegulre with an interior cinereous stripe. Abdomen, paler brown, not
banded, very similar to that of E. venotrus, alike in color in both sexes.
The segments are fringed with mixed paler and darker hairs, and two
dorsal longitudinal shade lines are very distinct. Underneath the ab-
domen is paler than in either E. Merianse or E. cenotrus.

78 [August

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 3.00, 9 3.10 inches. Length of
body % 1.80, 9 1.60 inch.

Habitat.— Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 222, Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

This species is very confusedly marked, and difficult to describe, ex-
cept by comparison with its allies E. Merianae. and E. oenotrus. With
the latter it has a similarity of abdominal coloration and ornamentation,
while the generally paler primaries, the absence of the characteristic
paler patches, and differing ornamentation of the tegulae, will separate it
from either of its above mentioned allies. Somewhat as in E. Elfo, the
% anterior wings show darker shades on the upper surface. I do not
recognize, from the incompleteness of Dr. Herrich-Schseffer's remarks,
either the present or the following species, in any of the specimens re-
ferred to, but not named, under this genus, in the pages of the Corres-
pondenz Blatt. It is similar, but larger, than Erinnyls obscura {tSphin.r
obscura Fab.), a specimen of which I have not seen, but judging by a
figure, shown me by Mr. Calverley, it is sufficiently distinct to prevent
confusion, without adding further to the comparative description.

Erinnyis pallida, n. s. (Plate 1, fig. fi, 9 .)

Size moderate, approaching that of E. ohsrnra Fabr. sp. Entirely, very
pale, cinereous. Anterior wings, entirely pale cinereous, without mark-
ings, except a darker, transverse, very deeply undulate, subterminal line,
forming an arcuated series of subobsolete blackish dots on the nervules ;
a few darker scales along the first median nervule.

Posterior wings, pale reddish-brown, with a narrow, darker, indefinite
border, becoming largely whitish before internal margin at base, and at
anal angle.

Under surface of anterior pair, pale brownish ; posterior pair almost
entirely whitish ; both pair crossed by a subterminal darker shade band,
which is very indistinct. Head, and thoracic region, pale cinereou><.
latter darker above, without any markings on the tegulae. Abdomen,
very pale cinereous, with two longitudinal, dorsal, darker, shade lines.
Under surface almost whitish; legs cinereous.

A single female specimen. Exp. 9 2.30 inches. Length of body
1.30 inch.

Habitat.— Cnhti, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phil.

Number 956, Foei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

Approaches the following in coloration, but is a much larger, non-
guttate species, with differently colored secondaries, and generally paler.

1865.] 79

Erinnyis guttularis.

Anceryx gutlularis, Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 227. 1856.)
" " Clem. Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 177. (1859.)

" " H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 60. (1865.)

Two specimens, % and 9 . Exp. % 1.75 inch. Length of body .80
to 1.00 inch.

Habitat.— Qxihsi, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 87 Foet/'s MSS. Catalogue.

Mr. Walker, in transcribing the generic name Erinni/is, from Hiib-
ner, has altered it to En'nnjjs — for what reason I know not. As is the
case with Halisidota and Ampli/pterus, which read Haleaidota and
Ambh/pterus in the Cat. B. M., I presume it is the result of a simple
error of transcription.

CENOSANDA, Walker.
(Enosanda noctuiformis.

CEnosanda noctuiformis, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 232. (1856.)
" " Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. p. 187. ^1859.)

Four specimens, S S 9 ? . Exp. % and 9 , 1.40 inch. Length of
body. % and 9 , .70 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number 835 of Poet/ & MSS. Catalogue.

I Cjinnot see any affinity to Perigonia in this genus, composed of one
of the smallest species in the family, although the color of the posterior
wings recalls that genus. Their shape, and the general structure of the
species, show that the position Mr. Walker has assigned to it, is approxi-
mately correct, while its position here, from want of intermediary genera,
is somewhat isolated.

I give here a List of the species of Cuban Sphingidse, that I have
become autoptically acquainted with through the Collection of Prof.
Poey. I am led to believe that the latter embraces the great majority of
the species of this family found on the Island of Cuba, since it is the result
of investigations carried on for a series of years. It does not however
include all the known species taken on the Island, while the Numbers
119, 65:^, 834 and 1017, of Prof. Poey's MSS. Catalogue, remain un-
represented by specimens. In regard to the occurrence of a species of
the genus Sesia Walk., in Cuba, Prof. Poey writes : "' (No. 834,) thishe
Fab., — Nous n'avons pas retrouve cette espece; elle a ete prise a la
Havanne par M. Coulanges; je I'ai vue dans la collection de M. Rip-
pert, a Paris."

While I have given in the present article the Numbers of Prof.
Poey's MSS. Catalogue, which accompanied the insects, I have not
thought it necessary to give the MSS. determinations of the Professor,

80 [August

in the synonymy of the different species, for the reasons that names are
wanting for some of the species, and that those given are generally discor-
dant with those that I have adopted, partly owing to the fact that but
three genera are recorded as valid in the "Catalogue," viz: ''■ Ampho-
vi/x," ^'Sphinx" and " Macrofflossa," certain of the rest being regarded
as sub-genera, while in no instance do I conclude this classificatory
view to be admissable. I am, therefore, inclined to believe, that it
would but needlessly increase the synonymy, to <jUOte these 3I8S.
determinations.

Respecting the Lepidoptera that have been erroneously referred to,
as occurring in Cuba, principally by M. Lucas, in the work of M.
Kamon de la Sagra, Prof. Poey says : " Cette Liste (Poey's MSS. Cata-
logue) renferme tout ce qu'il y a d'authentiquement conau sur les Le-
pidopteres de Cuba ; tons les autres, ici non portes, doivent etre exclus ;
surtout ceux que M. Lucas, entomologiste eminent (damnandfe memo-
riae in rebus lepidopterologicis cubanis) a inclus dans I'ouvrage de M.
de la Sagra."

This MSS. Catalogue of M. Poey, will be referred to in other articles,
now preparing on the Cuban representatives of other lepidopterous
Families, included in the Professor's Collection and in the possession
of this Society.

In reaard to the critical remarks of Dr. Herrich-Schaeffer, adverse
to the course pursued by certain American Entomologists who have
included the West Lidian lepidopterous fauna, with that of the United
States, I may say a few words. The lepidopterous fauna of the South-
ern States is yet but little known, but judging from what material I
have had access to, it seems to me that the Faunal Map by Dr. LeConte,
published by the Smithsonian Institution is very approximately cor-
rect, lu this, the author includes the Southern parts of Florida and
Texas, in a different Zoological Province, from that which embraces the
Atlantic States. In studying the members of the present family from
Cuba, it is very evident that most of the genera have acquired a dif-
ferent expression, from that which they display in the Atlantic States,
while but few, e. g. Aellopos, (vide Macroglossiim balteatum Kirtland, )
and Dr. I fephild, retain their approximate signification. Enpj/rrJioglos-
siivi, Hcmeroplanes, CaUiomma, PucJi^Iia, AmhuJi/x^ Amplioni/x and
(Eiiomnda, are unrepresented in the Atlantic States, and add much
new value to the Family ; while this has totally lost the Xorthern
American genera Lepisesia, Deidamia, Th//i-em, Gcratomia and Ln-
para, while I am led to believe that Smcn'nthus is but feebly repre-

1865.] HI

sented, and loses most of its expression in the West Indies. Darapsn*
Walk., is unrepresented in Prof. Poey's Collection.

It will re(iuire a nicer critical comparison than I am able to institute
here, to bring out the features lost and gained, and to strike the bal-
ance ; sufl&cient is, perhaps, .dready adduced to decide, that we have
entered on a new Zoological Province in leaving the United States,
while for the purposes of convenience of reference, the fauna of coun-
tries so adjacent to our own. may be included in Zoological Catalogues
of the North American Continent, without any impropriety.

*The genus Darapsa Walker, is not represented in the present Collection.
According to my arrangement of the North American Sphingidce, it should in-
augurate the Tribe Chcerocainpini. Htibner, in his " Verzeichuiss," arranges it
as his "Family C, Uncinati," while its affinities are plainly with Cheer ocampc
and allies, with analogical resemblances to Calliomma in the preceding Tribe
2Iacroglossini. Htibner's generic name, proposed for the two consonant spe-
cies— Chcerilus and Myron — has priority over Mr. Walker's, and should be re-
tained for our genus. The species are as follows :

OTTIS, Hubner.
Otus Choerilus.

Sphinx Chcerilm, Cram., Exot. III. 91, PI. 247, fig. A. (1782.)
Sphinx Azalea. Abbot & Smith, hiS. Ga. Vol. I, 53. PI. 27. (1797.)
Otu..^ charilus, Hubner. Verz. Schm. p. 142, No. 1523. (1S16.)
Chcerocampa chcerilus, Harris, Sill. Journ. "Vol. 36, p. 302. (1839.)
Darapsa chcerilm. Walker. C. B. M. Part VIII, l^. 183. (1856.)
Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sj^h. p. 147. (1859.)

^a6i!!a<.— Atlantic District! Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Otus Myron.

Sphinx Myron, Cram., Exot. Ill, 91, PI. 247, fig. C. (1782.)
Sphinx pampinatrix, Abbot &■ Smith. Ins. Ga. Vol. I, p. 55, PI. 28. (1797.)
Otus Myron. Hubner, Verz. Sch. p. 142. No. 1524. (1816.)
Otus Cnotus, Hubner. Zutr. 3rd Hund. p. 23, fig. 321-322. (1823.)
Chcerocampa Pampinatrix, Harris, Sill. Journ. Vol. 3G, p. 301. (1S39.)
Darapm Myron. Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII. p. 183. (1856.)
Clem. Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 147. (1859.)

^afiitoe.— Atlantic District! Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Otus versicolor.

Chcerocampa versicolor, Harris, Sill. Journ. Vol. 36. p. 303. (1839.)
? •• Walker. C. B. M. Part VIII. p. 131. (1856.)

Darapsa versicolor, Clemens, Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 148. (1859.)

ITaiitai.— Atlantic District! Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Otus Fholus.

Sphinx Fholus, Cram., Exot. Vol. I, 137, PI. 87, fig. B. (1779.)
Darapsa Pholus. Walker. C. B. M. Part VIII. p. 184. (1856.)
Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph U.S. (1859.)

Habitat. — West Indies. (Cramer.)

Darapsa rhodocera Walker, for which Mr. Walker forms aGroup in his genus.
I am autoptieally unacquainted with. It appears to me to form the type of a
distinct genus, for which the generic name proposed by Mr. Walker might bi-
retained.

82

[August

LIST OF SPECIES.

AELLOPOS, Ilubner.
titan,

Sphinx titan Cram.
Aello. titan Hilbner.

tantalus,

Sphinx tantalus Linn.

Aello. tantalus Hiibner.

ETJPYRRHOGLOSSUM, Grote.
sagra,

Macroglossum sagra Poey.

Eupyrr. sagra Grote.

ENYO, Hiibner.
lugubris.

Sphinx luguhris Linn.

En. lugubris Hiibner.

camertus.

Sphinx camertus Cram.
En. camertus Hiibner.

danum,

Sphitix danum Cram.
En. danum Hiibner.

HEMEROPLANES, Hiibner.
pseudothyreus Grote.

PERIGONIA, Boisd.
lusca.

Sphinx lusca Fab.

Periq. lusca Walk.

lefebvrii,

Macroglossa lefebvrii Lucas.
Perig. lefebvrii H-S.

CALLIOMMA, Boisd.
lycastus.

Sphinx licastus Cram.
Calliom. lycastus "Walk.

PERGESA. Walk,
thorates,

Sphinx thorates Hiibner.

Perg. thorates Walk.

CH.ffi;ROCAMPA. I)u])ouch.
nechus,

Sphinx nechus Cram.
('haroc. nechus H-8.

gundlacMi, H-S.
irrorata, Grote.

porcus,

Oreus porcus Hiibner.
Choeroc. porcus H-S.

robinsonii, Grote.

tersa,

Sphinx tersa Drury.
Choeroc. tersa Harris.

DEILEPHILA, Ochsen.
calverleyi, Grote.

lineata.

Sphinx lineata Fab.
Deileph. lineata Harris.

PHILAMPELUS, Harris,
vitis.

Sphinx vitis Linn.
Philam. vitis Harris.

fasciatus,
Sphinx fasciatus Sulzer.
Philam. fasciatus H-S.

* lycaon,

I Sphinx lycaon Cram.
Philam. lycaon Grote.

labruscae,

Spihinx labruscce Linn.
Philam. labruscce Walk.

PACHYLIA, Boisd.
ficus,

Sphinx ficus Linn.

Pach. ficus Walk.

inornata, Clemens,
resumens. Walker.

AMBULYX, Boisd.
strigilis,

Sphinx strigilis Linn.

Amb. strigilis Walk.

ganascus.

Sphinx ganascus Stoll.
Amh. ganascus Walk.

PSEUDOSPHINX, Burm.
tetrio,

Sphinx tetrio Linn.

Pseudos. tetrio Burm.

* Or, Philam. posticatits Gmti

1S65.]

83

AMPHONYX, Poey.
antaeus,
Sphinx antcEus Drury.
Am})h. antoeus Poey.

duponchel, Poey.

SPHINX, Linn,
rustica, Cramer.

Carolina, Linn.

cingalata, Linn.

*brontes, Drury.

afflicta, Grote.

ERINNYIS, Hilbner.
caicus,
Sphinx caicus Cram.
Erinn. caicus Grote.

* Or, Sphinx cubensis Grote.

ello.

Sphinx ello Linn.
Erinn. ello Hilbner.

rimosa, Grote.
alope,

Sphinx alope Drury.
Erinn. alope Hilbner.

merianae, Grote.
oenotrus,

Sphinx ORnotrus Cram.

Erinn. oenotrus Hilbner.

melaacholica. Grote.
pallida, Grote.

guttularis,

Anceryx guttularis Walker.
Erinn. guttularis Grote.

(ENOSANDA, Walker.
noctuiformis, Walker.

Xote to the Genus Philampelus.

Since finishing the foregoing Notice, I have become satisfied that
Hiibner's figure of Dupo jussieuse represents P. vitis Linn., Drury,
Cramer, etc., and it should be accordingly transferred from P. fasct'atm
to the synonymy of P. litis. Under P. vitis. Dr. Clemens, as I have
stated, while quoting Drury's figure, which is unmistakeable, describes
specimens of P. fasciatus Sulzer sp., a name, which, though anterior,
Mr. Walker refers as a synonym to P. Jussieuse Hiibner, probably fol-
lowing Hiibner's course in the " Verz." Under P. jussieuse (^fasciatwi
Sulz.), Dr. Clemens describes specimens of P. vitis of Drury & Cram,
(except PI. 208, fig. E.) I finally conclude that Mr. Walker has origi-
nated this synonymy, which I continue to believe incorrect, relying on
Drury's figure, while if the second species be not the fasciatus of Sul-
zer, which I have no means of definitely ascertaining from want of the
work. Harris' name of P. Hurnheckiana next comes into consideration.
I give here the synonymy of the two species.

Philampelus vitis.

Sphinx vitis, Linn., Syst. Xat. p. 801, No. 16. (1766.)
" " Drury, Exot. I, 60, PI. 28, fig. ]. (1770.)

" " Fabricius, Sp. Ins. II, 147, 35. (1781.)

" " Cramer, Exot. Ill, PI. 267, fig. C. (1782.)

" " Fabricius, Mant. Ins. II, 96, 39. (1787.)

" •' " Ent. Syst. Ill, 1, 369, 41. (1793.)

" " Abbot & Smith, Ins. Ga. 1, 79, PI. 40. (1792.)

^4 [August

Dupo jussieuoE, Hiibner, Exot. Schm. Lep. II. Sph. III. Leg. III. (1806.)
" " Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 137. (1816.)

" m7is, Hubner, "Verz. Schm. p. 137. (1816.)?
Philampelus vitis, Harris, C. N". Am. Sph. p. 19. (1839.)

" JussieucE, Walker, C. B. M. Part VIII, p. 177. (1856.)

" vitis, Burm., Sph. Braz. p. 3. (1858.)

" jussieuce, Clem., Syn. N". Am. Sph. p. 157. (1859.)

" vitis, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

Since Dr. Herrieh-SchfefFer merely cites the species by name, it i.s
not possible to know what species is intended. For the Philampplufi
ijiti's, of Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens, I retain the following synonymy.
It is inexplicable that Drury's figure, the earliest of F. vitis, could be
cited in the synonymy of P. fasciatus m.

Philampelus fasciatus.

Sphinx fasciatus, Sulzer, Ins. PI. 20, fig. 1. (1776.)

" vitis, Cramer, Exot. III. PI. 208, fig. E. (1782.)
Not Sphinx vitis, Linn, Drury, etc.

Philampelus Hornheckiana, Harris, C. N". A. Sph. p. 19. (1839.) ?
vitis, Walk., C. B. M. Part VIIL p. 176. (1S56.)
" vitis, Clem., Syn. N. Am. Sph. p. 156. (1859.)

"■ fasciatus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58. (1865.)

In addition to my observations on P. lj/cao7i, which I feel satisfied
are correct, I would state that it is possible that Cramer's figure was
taken from an individual, which had the hind wings of a specimen of
P. satellitia, substituted in place of its own ; similar practices have
lieeu before this discovered, chargeable to the unscrupulousness of the
Early Collectors. The pink anal patch is a specific character of P.
fj/caoii Hubner, Grrote, which P. saffllitia Linn, Drury, Harris. {Pan-
i^onis Hubner) never shares.

ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page 3-i, line 4, dele " ..Egeriida;."
•' 34, line 4, for " the" read " a more."

•' 34, line 5, (foot note,) for "d'indequer" read "d'indiquer."
" 34, line 6, (foot note,) for " liu" read '• lui."
" 40, line 8, for " the" read "that."
" 41, line 6, for "Verz" read " Ueb."
" 44, line 11, for "Zuts." read "Zutr."

'• 45, line 6, for "Herrich-Shaft'er" read " Herrich-SchEeff'er."
" 53, line 28, for "Darapsa" read " Otus."
" 56, line 2, (foot note,) for " gehoren" read •' gehoreu."
'■ 63, line 4, for "1865" read "1859."
The date of Cramer's 2nd Vol. should read everywhere 1779.

1865.] 85

Monograph of the PHILANTHIDiE of North America.
BY E. T. CRESSON.

{Communicated July lOiA, 1865.)

This extensive family is represented by some of the most beautiful
species in the tribe of fossorial Hymenoptera. The genera are but
three in number — Phihtnthus, Cerceris and Eucerceris, nov. gen.; the
two former are numerous in species, and have a wide distribution, being
found in Europe, Asia. Africa, Australia, and North and South Ame-
rica. The last named genus seems to be confined to North America,
and is closely allied to Cerceris, though quite distinct by the different
neuration of the anterior wings. The only two species heretofore de-
scribed, and belonging to this genus, were referred by Say to Fhilan-
fhus; his specimens being males, he doubtless placed them in that genus
because of the neuration being more similar than to that of Cerceris,
while at the same time he was convinced that they should form "a dis-
tinct subgenus."

Little or nothing is as yet known of the economy of our species of
this family, but they have doubtless much the same habits as those of
Europe, where the species of Philanthns seem to prey almost exclu-
sively upon Andrcna, Halictus and Apis mellijica, while those of Cer-
ceris select difierent species of Curculionidae, and other coleopterous
insects, as well as Ealicti ; these are stored up in their cells for the
nourishment of their young.

Genus PHILANTHUS, Fabr.
Head large, wider than the thorax, suborbicular, sometimes subquad-
rate ; eyes lateral, ovate, slightly emarginate within ; ocelli in a trian-
gle on the vertex ; antennae subclavate, inserted above the clypeus in
the middle of the foce, not approximated; clypeus trilobate, the lateral
lobes of % with an ap^ressed tuft of long silky pubescence ; mandibles
acute at their apex. Thorax ovate, the collar transverse, the metatho-
rax obtusely rounded, sometimes truncated behind. Wings : the ante-
rior wing (Fig. 1) with one marginal and three submarginal cells; the
Fig. 1. marginal cell narrow, elongate, more or less pointed

at tip ; the first submarginal cell about as long as the
two following, the second about half as long as the
first and narrowed towards the marginal, receiving the first recurrent
nervure about the middle or a little beyond ; third submarginal larger
than the second, narrowed nearl}' half its width towards the marginal,

86 [August

and receiving the second recurrent nervure either about the middle or
very near its base. Leijs stout and more or less spinose, the anterior
tarsi ciliated exteriorly. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the margins of the
segments slightly depressed.

^. — Body Jindy •punctured.

1. Philantlius gloriosus, n. sp.

Large, black; face, tegulse, two transverse spots on basal segment of abdo-
men, and broad continuous bands on remaining segments, yellow ; cheeks, collar,
most of legs, basal segment of abdomen, and bands on venter, dull ferruginous
or honey-yellow ; wings dull honey-yellow.

Ff.mah. — Black, shining, clothed with short, fine, fuscous and och-
raceous pubescence; head large, minutely punctured, clothed with yel-
lowish pubescence, long on the cheeks; sides of the face, a large sub-
((uadrate spot between the antennte, clypeus and mandibles except tips,
yellow; a large, dull ferruginous spot occupies most of the cheek, ex-
tending upon the occiput where the two are almost confluent; antennae
black or piceous, the scape, except a black line above, and the two
basal joints of the flagellum beneath, yellow. Thorax shining above,
closely and more strongly punctured than the head, the punctures more
sparse on the disk of the mesothorax, which has a very short pale fus-
cous pubescence and a rather deep, longitudinal depression in front;
pectus, pleura and metathorax densely clothed with a pale ochraceous
sericeous pubescence ; prothorax either entirely ferruginous above, or
with a yellowish-ferruginous line on its posterior margin; postscutellum
yellow, or ferruginous with a yellow spot on each side ; a spot on the
tubercles and a transverse spot immediately behind them and beneath
the superior wing, yellowish; metathorax closely punctured, with a
a broad, shallow depression on the disk ; tegula? yellow. Wings sub-
hyaline, tinged Avith dull honey-yellow, the apical margins narrowly
fuscous or fuliginous, with a slight violaceous reflection ; nervures
honey-yellow. Legs honey-yellow; the four anterior tibiae and tarsi
yellow, the posterior pair tinged with yellow. ^Alidomen elongate-ovate,
the basal segment strongly contracted and subglobose; finely, distinctly
and rather sparsely punctured, shining, with a short, sparse, yellowish
pubescence, more obvious on the basal segment, which is convex, ob-
scure ferruginous, with more or less black at base and apex, and with
a transverse yellow spot on each lateral middle; the second, third,
fourth and fifth segments with a broad, continuous yellow band at the
apex, that on the second covering the whole of the segment, except-
ing a large, elongate, black or ferruginous mark on the middle, and
proceeding from the base; the bands on the third, fourth and fiith seg-

1865.] 87

ments are more or less narrowed on the anterior middle, and slightly
indentated on each side anteriorly; sixth segment with a large trian-
gular yellow mark, covering nearly the entire segment above; venter
piceous, shining, the four basal segments each with a broad, continuous
yellow band. Length 8 — 9^ lines; expanse of wings 14 — 16 lines.

^rt^A— Colorado Territory, (B. D. Walsh, Esq.) Coll. Entom. Soc.
Philad.

Two 9 specimens ; % unknown. This is the largest and finest spe-
cies yet discovered in this country, and is readily distinguished by the
broad yellow fascise on the second and following segments of the abdo-
men, that on the second with a deep longitudinal indentation on the
basal middle. The Society is indebted to the kindness of Mr. Walsh
for this fine addition to its collection.

2. Philanthus frigidus, Smith.

Philanthus frigidus. Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv. p. 475, %, .
Black; three broad stripes on face, interrupted line on collar, spot on tegulse,
another on postscutellum, most of tibife and tarsi, spot on each side of first ab-
dominal segment, and narrow fascite on remaining segments, yellow j wings
subhyaline.

Female. — Black, somewhat shining, very closely and finely punc-
tured, thinly clothed with a pale pubescence ; head transversely com-
pressed; face flat, with a broad longitudinal yellow stripe on each side,
and another down the middle, the former does not extend higher up than
the insertion of the antennaa, and ends beneath in a transverse spot on
the extreme side of the clypeus ; the middle stripe is composed of a
rounded spot beneath the insertion of the antennae, and a broad, some-
what uneven elongate mark down the middle of the clypeus ; a dot on
the posterior orbits, and a spot on base of mandibles, also yellow ; an-
tennae subfiliform, slightly thickened towards the tip, the scape with a
yellow dot at the apex within. Thorax: dorsal front of mesothorax
uneven with longitudinal impressions; an interrupted line on the collar,
a dot on tubercles, sometimes wanting, and a transverse spot or dot on
postscutellum, yellow; scutellum shining and more sparsely punctured
than the rest of the thorax ; metathorax very densely and finely sculp-
tured, thickly clothed with a long pale pubescence, the tip of the en-
closed basal space is shining and transversely pinched; tegular piceous,
with a yellow spot in front. Wings subhyaline, tinged with fusco-fer-
ruginous, especially towards the tips, which have a subviolaceous re-
flection; nervures fusco-ferruginous. Legs black or piceous; exterior
tips of the anterior trochanters, spot on posterior coxae, tips of all the
femora, the tibiae, and base of tarsi, yellow ; a spot on the tibiae at tip

88 [August

beneath and remainder of the tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen ovate, subde.
pressed, regularly narrowed towards the base, the basal segment only
slightly constricted at tip; minutely punctured, the apical segments
more distinctly so; first segment with a rounded, sometimes transverse,
uneven, yellow spot on each side near the tip; the second and three
following segments each with a narrow, subapical, yellow fascia, that
on the second segment narrowed in the middle where it is more or less
interrupted ; that on the third segment is also sometimes slightly in-
terrupted ; those on the fourth and fitth segments are continuous and
sometimes a little wavy ; apical segment depressed, rugulose. rounded
at tip ; venter smooth, shining, black or piceous-black. immaculate,
sparsely punctured. Length of' — 6? lines; expanse of wings 10 — IH
lines.

Male. — Smaller and narrower than the female ; the head is not trans-
versely compressed ; the stripes on the face are broader, the middle
one tapering towards the insertion of the antennae between which is a
yellow dot ; the posterior orbit has a short yellow line ; the antennae
are longer and more slender at base, the scape is yellow in front, and
the flagellum rufo-testaceous beneath towards the base; the line on the
collar is uninterrupted, the pleura has a transverse lunate spot beneath
the anterior wing, the scutellum has a broad transverse yellow band at
base, and the postscutellum has a transverse spot of the same color; the
spot on the tegul^e is larger ; the wings are clearer and iridescent ; the
anterior coxae have a large yellow spot beneath, and the posterior pair
are yellow at tips, with a spot on their trochanters beneath ; all the
femora have a more or less dilated yellow line beneath, while the tibiae
and tarsi are more yellowish than in the female ; the abdomen is nar-
rower and convex, not at all depressed; the ornamentation is much the
same, only the band on the second segment is not broader than those
on the following segments ; the sixth segment has a transverse spot on
each side; the venter has a yellow fascia on each of the second, third
and fourth segments, the first interrupted in the middle. ]jength 5
lines ; expanse of wings 8 lines.

Huh.— - Xova Scotia." (Smith) ; Canada West, (Mr. B. Billings.
Jr.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Three 9 . one % , specimens. A female specimen, collected in Colora-
do Territory by Mr. James Ridings, difiers from those from Canada a.<
follows: the three yellow stripes on the face are irregular and broken,
the spot beneath the antennae is much reduced, while that on the mid-
dle of the clypeus is larger, rounded above and emarginated benciith ;

1865.] • ^9

the posterior orbits have a line as in the male; the front of mesothorax
is more uneven, the postseutellum has a mere dot on its middle, and
the tip of the enclosed basal space of the metathorax is not shining; the
tegulte are almost entirely yellow; the wings are uniformly tinged with
dull honey-yellow ; the femora have more yellow at tips, especially on
the posterior pair, which have nearly the apical half yellow ; the spots
and bands on the abdomen, although similarly shaped, are larger and
nearly twice as broad ; the venter has an interrupted yellow fascia on
the second and third segments, suddenly dilated at the sides, and a
small yellow spot on each side of the two following segments. Length
65 lines.

3. Philanthus Sanbornii, n. sp.

Black; face, base of antennse, collar, line beneath tegulse, postseutellum, spot
on tegulse, most of legs, irregular spot on each side of first and second abdomi-
nal segments, very large and subovate on the second, and narrow emarginate
fasciae on the three following segments, yellow : wings fusco-hyaline.

Female. — Black, shining, finely and rather indistinctly punctured,
clothed with a short, pale pubescence, longer and more dense ou the
cheeks ; head broader than the thorax ; sides of the face narrowed and
extending a little above the insertion of the antennae, a spot between
the antennae, sometimes transverse, sometimes rounded, the clypeus.
mandibles except tips, and a small spot on the side of the cheek, yel-
low; the suture on each side of the large middle lobe of the clypeus is
more or less broadly black; anteunje rather .stout, the third joint cla-
vate, much attenuated towards the base ; scape yellow, with a black
spot behind, the flagellum black, rufo-testaceous beneath towards the
base, the small first joint with a yellow dot in front. Thorax with a
deep channel on the front of the mesothorax; a line on the collar, more
or less interrupted in the middle, a transverse line beneath the anterior
wing, a transverse line on the postseutellum, rarely wanting, and a spot
on the tegulse anteriorly, yellow; metathorax finely punctured, with a
deep longitudinal channel on dorsal middle. Wings rather strongly and
uniformly tinged with yellowish-fuscous, and with a slight violaceou.s
reflection ; nervures fuscous. Legs yellow ; coxae, trochanters, the
anterior femora above, and the two posterior pairs except tips, black or
brown, the latter sometimes pale fuscous, shading into testaceous at tips ;
tiirsi more or less dusky throughout. Abdomen rather broad-ovate,
subconvex, very closely and finely punctured-, apical incisures of the
first and second segments deeply impressed ; on each side of the first
segment a yellow spot or a transverse irregular line ; second segment
with a large, transverse, subovate yellow spot on each side, occupying

90 ' [August

the whole length of the segment; third, fourth and fifth segments each
with a narrow subapical yellow band, broader on the sides, more or less
deeply emarginated on each side anteriorly, and very slightly inter-
rupted in the middle; apical segment depressed, rounded at tip, smooth
and shining, without apparent punctures; venter piceous-black, shining,
immaculate. Length 7 lines; expanse of wings 11 lines.

Male. — Resembles the female in general shape and markings ; the
head is not so broad, scarcely wider than the thorax, and clothed with
black pubescence ; the eyes are more approximated on the vertex and
the front not so depressed; the clypeus has a triangular black mark on
the middle anteriorly, and together with the longitudinal mark on the
side of the face and the spot between the antennae, assumes a shape not
unlike a W; the spot between the antennae is sometimes confluent with
a large suborbicular spot on the vertex ; the spot on each side of the
cheek is situated rather lower down than in the female; the appressed
lateral tuft of the clypeus is fulvous; the mandibles are entirely black,
polished, simple, and acute at tip ; the flagellum of the antennae is
gradually narrowed towards the base, and the second joint is cylindri-
cal and not clavate; the scape and four or five basal joints of the flagel-
lum are yellow, black behind. Thorax, wings and legs are same as in
the female, except that the tegulge are almost entirely yellow, and the
femora are more blackish. Abdomen narrower, the markings are much
the same, except that the first segment is generally immaculate, the
large maculae on the second are more transverse and approximated on
the middle of the segment, while the fasciae on the three following seg-
ments are sometimes entire, and sometimes much narrowed and inter-
rupted into narrow lines, by the emarginations cutting through ; the
sixth segment has two small spots on the middle, sometimes obsolete or
wanting; the whole abdomen is clothed with a black pubescence, short
and sparse above, long and rather dense beneath, especially towards
the tip. Length 4| — 6J lines; expanse of wings 9 — 11 lines.

H(il>. — Massachusetts. (Mr. James Ridings and Mr. F. Stratton.)
(Vll. Eut. 8oo. Philad.

Six 9 . nineteen % specimens. The female of this species is shaped
somewhat like that of P. frlijidm^ Smith, but the markings are difl"er-
ent, and may be at once distinguished by the large ovate macula on
each side of the second abdominal segment.

It gives me pleasure to dedicate this fine species to my much es-
teemed friend. Mr. Francis (I. Sanborn, of Boston, Mass., a zealous
and valuable t^ntomologist.

1865.] 91

4. Philanthns laticinctus, n. sp.

Black ; face silvery : clypeus, collar, tubercles, scutellums, tegulse, two spots
on metathorax, legs in part, and broad bands on abdomen, lemon-yellow; wings
hyaline.

Male. — IJlack, opaque, very densely and finely punctured, thinly
clothed with a silvery-cinereous pubescence ; head large, wider than
the thorax ; face and cheeks rather densely clothed with a fine, ap-
pressed silvery pubescence ; clypeus, and mandibles except tips, yellow;
antenna) rather long, slender, subfilifbrm, the flagellum a little attenu-
ated at base, black above, brown beneath, paler at base, the scape yel-
low beneath. Thorax : an uninterrupted line on the collar, extending
down irregularly on each side, the tubercles, confluent with a large spot
behind and just beneath the anterior wing, scutellum and a dot at each
basal corner, postscutelluni, a large oblong-ovate spot on each side of
metathorax, and the tegulte. lemon-yellow ; metathorax with a rather
deep, longitudinal channel on the dorsal middle. Wings pure hyaline,
iridescent ; nervures pale fuscous. Legs : coxre and trochanters black
or piceous-black ; femora dull honey-yellow, blackish at base and yellow
at tips and beneath ; tibife yellow above, honey-yellow beneath ; tarsi
honey-yellow. Abdomen elongate-ovate, segments contracted at base,
especially the anterior ones; the five basal segments each with a
broad, continuous, lemon-yellow band, leaving the basal and apical
margins narrowly black; the two apical segments black, immaculate;
venter with a yellow spot on each side of the second segment, and a
more or less interrupted yellow fascia on each of the third and fourth
segments. Length i — 42 lines; expanse of wings 6] — 7 lines.

Hdb. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory, (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Two % specimens; 9 unknown. A pretty and distinct little species,
easily recognized by the broad, continuous and uniform bands on the
abdomen.

5. Philanthus albopilosus, n. sp.

Black, thickly clothed with white pubescence ; face, tibiae and tarsi, tegulae,
broad bands on three basal segments of aijdomen and spots on the remaining
segments, yellow ; wings pure hyaline.

Mali . — Black, shining, indistinctly punctured, head, thorax, legs
and base of abdomen thickly clothed with a rather long. fine, white
pubescence, a little silvery in certain lights ; head wider than the tho-
rax ; the entire face, up to the ocelli, and the clypeus, pale yellow,
sometimes slightly tinged with honey-yellow; mandibles black; the
front slightly raised; antennae black, gradually thickened towards the
apex, the second joint of the flagellum cylindrical ; the scape beneath,

92 [August

and the second, third and fourth joints of the flagellum beneath, pale
yellow, the latter fulvous beneath towards the tips. Thorax sometimes
entirely black, sometimes the collar has a very narrow, subinterrupted
yellowish line, the tubercles a spot, and the scutellum two approximated
dots on its middle, but the latter are apparent in one specimen only ;
the scutellum is transversely convex, with a slight depression on its
disk, and the metathorax has a well impressed longitudinal channel ;
tegulse pale yellowish. Wings purely hyaline, slightly iridescent; ner-
vures pale honey -yellow. Legs slender, black; extreme tips of the
femora and the tibiae, pale yellow; tibiae beneath and the tarsi entirely,
dusky, the latter long and slender. Abdomen ovate, subacuminate at
tip, the basal segment as broad as the second; the segments rather
deeply incised at base ; first, .second and third segments each with a
broad, continuous, pale yellow fascia, more or less emarginated on each
side posteriorly ; fourth, fifth and sixth segments each with a central
transverse yellowish spot, the fourth sometimes with a small spot or dot
on each side ; apical segment black, immaculate, subacute at tip ; be-
neath black, immaculate, smooth and shining. Length 4:2 lines; ex-
panse of wings Si lines.

Hah. — Illinois, (Dr. Samuel Lewis.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Five % specimens; $ unknown. This curious little species may be
easily recognized by the head and thorax being thickly clothed with a
beautiful silvery-white pubescence.

6. Philanthus lepidus, n. sp.

Black, polished : face, large mark between antennae, line on collar, tubercles,
tegulse. postscutellum, tibife and tarsi, spot on eacli side of first segment of ab-
domen, and fascise on the remaining segments, broad on the second, bright
yellow : wings pale yellowish-fuscous.

Male. — Black, polished, impunctured; head large, transversely -ovate ;
the front prominent, very minutely punctured, with a central longitudi-
nal depression beneath the ocelli ; sides of the face, clypeus, spot on
base of mandibles, and a dot behind the eyes, bright lemon-yellow; a
triangular mark between the antennae, confluent with a large quadrate
mark above, bright deeper yellow ; the appressed lateral tuft of the
clypeus is silky-ochraceous ; antennae gradually but much thickened to-
wards the tips, slender at base, black, the scape entirely, and the four
basal joints of the flagellum beneath, yellow. Thorax polished, with-
out punctures; mesothorax with a well-impressed central line, and an
indi.stinct abbreviated one over the tegula;; a line over the collar, tu-
bercles and a transverse spot behind, and the postscutellum, bright
lemon-yellow ; metathorax short, rounded behind, smooth and polished,

1865.] 93

with a deep elongate fovea on the disk ; tegul.ie lemon-yellow. "Wings
subhyaline. the apical half stained with yellowish-fuscous ; nervures
and stigma fulvous. Legs slender, shining black ; apical half of the
anterior femora, tips of the four posterior femora, and all the tibiae and
tarsi, bright lemon-yellow ; tips of the tarsi slightly dusky. Abdomen
ovate, highly polished, impunctured, except at tip ; first and second
segments rather deeply incised at tip, the former convex and rounded
in front, with an oblique, ovate, lemon-yellow spot on each side towards
the tip ; second segment with a broad, basal lemon-yellow band, a little
obliriue on the sides, and slightly interrupted in the middle; third,
fourth and fifth segments each with a narrow, apical, lemon-yellow
fascia, slightly wavy on the sides ; sixth and apical segments very mi-
nutely punctured and pubescent, the former with a transverse yellowish
spot on the middle and another on each side; apical segment immacu-
late, subtruncate at tip ; venter polished, black, the apical middle of
the second and following segments obscurely brownish, with a yellow
dot on each extreme side. Length 4i lines ; expanse of wings 7? lines.

Hah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll.
Ent. Soc. Philad.

One % specimen ; 9 unknown. A lovely species, remarkable for the
smooth, polished, impunctured body, and the bright lemon-yellow
markings.

7. Philanthus pulchellus, n. sp.

Black : face, spot above antennae, collar, tubercles, tegulce, scutellums, tibire
and tarsi, and emarginated bands on abdomen, pale yellow: wings hyaline.

Mak. — Black, shining, finely and sparsely punctured, slightly pube-
scent; head transveisely ovate; sides of the face, much narrowed on
each side of the insertion of the antennae, clypeus, spot between an-
tennfB, a rounded, triangular, or rhomboidal spot on the front just above
the antenna), a spot on base of mandibles, and a dot behind the eyes,
more or less pale yellow, sometimes almost white ; antennae black,
slightly thickened towards the apex, the second, third, fourth and
sometimes the fifth joints of the flagellum are yellow in front and the
apical joints have each a testaceous spot or stain ; in some specimens
the spot between the antennae and the larger one above, are more or
less confluent, and the spot behind the eyes is enlarged ; sometimes
the tip only of the second, and the third joint of the flagellum are yel-
lowish. Thorax sparsely punctured; mesothorax with a deep central
channel ; a band on the prothorax, slightly interrupted in the middle,
the tubercles and a spot behind, a little lower down, a transverse spot
on the scutellum, sometimes interrupted in the middle, and forming two

94 [August

spots, and in one specimen entirely wanting, a transverse line on post-
scutellum, and the tegulae, pale-yellowish, sometimes almost white ; the
scutellum has a more or less deep channel down the middle, and in the
specimen with immaculate scutellum, the channel is very deep ; meta-
thorax sparsely punctured, with a deep, elongate, central fovea. Wings
hyaline ; nervures pale honey-yellow. Legs yellow ; the coxae, tro-
chanters, and the femora, except tips, black. Abdomen oblong-ovate,
sparsely punctured, shining; first segment convex, rounded in front
and contracted posteriorly ; second segment also slightly contracted at
base ; first segment with a median pale yellow baud, more or less deeply
emarginate on each side posteriorly, and occasionally interrupted in the
middle ; the remaining segments each with a pale yellow apical fascia,
that on the second segment broadest, deeply and squarely emarginated
on each side posteriorly; in one specimen this band is entire with a
minute black speck on each side of the middle ; the fasciae on third and
following segments are obtusely, sometimes squarely, emarginated on
each side anteriorly; apical segment immaculate, subtruncate or slightly
emarginate at tip ; beneath smooth, shining, immaculate. Length 4
lines ; expanse of wings 7 lines.

Hab. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll.
Ent. Soc. Philad.

Six % specimens; $ unknown. A beautiful little insect, closely re-
lated to the three following species in the markings of the abdomen.

8. Philanthus politus, Say.

Philanthus jiolitus, Say, Long's 2nd Exped. ii, p. 3t3; Amer. Ent. plate 49.
Anthophilus politus, Dahlb., Hym. Europ. i, p. 190.

Black : face, line on collar, sometimes interrupted, two spots beneath the
wings, line on postseutellum, spot on each side of first segment of abdomen, and
emarginated bands on the remaining segments, white; tibiae yellow; wings
tinged with pale yellowish-fuscous.

Female. — Black, polLshed, with deep scattered punctures ; vertex
slightly prominent, densely and very minutely sculptured; sides of the
face, suddenly narrowed on each side of the insertion of the antennae,
clypeus, a transverse spot between the antennae, and a dot above, be-
tween it and the ocelli, line on the mandibles, and a spot or line behind
the eyes, white; antennae black, thickened, the flagellum narrowed at
base, fulvous beneath, the scape white beneath. Thorax with scattered,
rather fine punctures; two transverse spots or an interrupted line on
collar, tubercles and a spot behind, line on postseutellum, and the teg-
ulse, white; metathorax with a deep fovea on the dorsal middle. Wings
stained with pale fulvo-fuscous, hyaline at base; nervures pale honey-

1865.] 95

yellow. Legs black ; extreme tips of the femora and the tibiae exte-
riorly, pale yellow; the latter black beneath; the four anterior tarsi
honey-yellow; the posterior pair blackish. Abdomen ovate, highly
polished, with scattered deep punctures; basal segment convex, rounded
at base and constricted at tip, with a white rounded or transverse spot
on each side ; second segment with a transverse white line on the apical
middle, and a subquadrate spot on each side, sometimes the middle line
is wanting; third, fourth and fifth segments have each a narrow, apical,
white fascia, deeply emarginated on each side anteriorly ; apical seg-
ment depressed, rounded at tip with two indistinct whitish spots at
base ; in some specimens the second segment has a continuous fascia,
very deeply and squarely emarginated on each side posteriorly; venter
smooth and polished, immaculate. Length 4^ lines; expanse of wings
71 lines.

Huh. — " Pennsylvania," (Say, Smith) ; Massachusetts, (Ridings) ;
Illinois, (Dr. Lewis and Mr. Walsh); llocky Mountains, Colorado Ter-
ritory, (Ridings). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Thirteen 9 specimens ; S unknown, unless it be the P. duhhts de-
scribed below.

H. Philanthus simillimus, n. sp.

Black, pubescent: face, line on collar, two spots on scutellum, line on post-
.scutellum, tibiae exteriorly, and fasciae on abdomen, sometimes more or less in-
terrupted and emarginated, whitish ; wings hyaline.

Female. — Black, shining, head and thorax rather thickly clothed
with a short, fine, whitish pubescence, finely and sparsely punctured ;
head transversely subcompressed ; sides of the fece, extending a little
above the slight emargination of the eyes, a longitudinal line above the
insertion of each antenna, clypeus except a large black spot on each
lateral lobe, a line on the mandibles, and a spot behind the eyes, all
obscure whitish; antennae gradually thickened towards the tips, black
above, the scape whitish beneath, and the flagellum, except basal joint,
fulvous beneath. Thorax: line on the collar, two subobsolete longitu-
dinal lines on the mesothorax, a spot beneath the anterior wing, two
spots on scutellum, a line on postscutellum, and the tegulae, obscure
whitish ; in one specimen the collar has only a short line on each side
above, the mesothorax and scutellum are immaculate, and the postscu-
tellum has only a spot on each side; the markings are all indistinct;
mesothorax closely punctured, abrupt on the sides and behind, the disk
with a shallow longitudinal fovea. Wings hyaline, iridescent, slightly
tinged with pale fuscous towards the tip; nervures pale honey-yellow.
Legs slightly pubescent, black; apical half of the anterior femora, tips

96 [August

of the two posterior pairs, and the tibiae, except a blackish line beneath,
very pale yellowish-white; tarsi more or less dusky. Abdomen ovate,
shining, slightly pubescent, especially at base, with rather deep, scat-
tered punctures; first segment convex, rounded at base and contracted
at tip, the other segments rather deeply incised at base; each segment
with an apical, obscure whitish fascia, bi-undulate on the first segment,
with a deep emargination on each side posteriorly; the other fasciae
are clouded with dusky posteriorly ; in one specimen the markings are
much less developed, the basal segment has only a small spot on each
side, the second and third segments have the fasciae deeply emarginated
on each side posteriorly, while those on the two following segments are
interrupted into three spots on each segment by the emargiuations cut-
ting through ; apical segment with a broad continuous band at base,
the segment depressed, obtusely rounded or subtruncate at tip; beneath
shining, immaculate. Length -tf lines; expanse of wings 8 lines.

ffab.—Winois, (Dr. Samuel Lewis.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Two $ specimens ; % unknown. Very similar to F. poUtus Say, but
the head is differently marked, and the wings are clearer.

10. PMlanthus dubius, n. sp?

Black ; sides of face, clypeus except a cuneiform mark on disk, a spot between
antennse sometimes connected with a large mark above, collar, tubercles, post-
scutellum, tibise and tarsi, spot on each side of first abdominal segment, and
narrow emarginated bands on remaining segments, yellow; wings stained with
pale fuscous, clearer at base.

Male. — Shaped and sculptured like P. politus Say. Black, shining,
sparsely punctured, and with a thin short white pubescence, more ob-
vious on the face and sides of metathorax ; sides of the face, clypeus
except a cuneiform mark on the disk, spot between the antennae, some-
times connected with a larger, rounded, transverse or broad sublanceo-
late mark on the middle of the vertex, a spot or line behind the eyes,
a dot on each side just behind the ocelli, and a line on mandibles, all
yellow; antennae black, the scape within and a spot on the second.
third and fourth joints of the flagellum within, yellowish, the latter
fulvous beneath. Thorax : slightly interrupted line on the collar, tu-
bercles and a spot behind, tegulae, and a line on postscutellum, yellow.
Wings stained with pale fulvo-fuscous, the basal half hyaline ; nervures
pale honey-yellow. Legs colored as in P. politus, except that the tarsi
are paler. Abdomen shaped, sculptured and marked similar to that
of P. politus, but is more pubescent, especially at the apex ; the two
apical segments are immaculate, the last obtuse ; beneath piceous-black,
immaculate. Length 3J — 4^ lines; expanse of wings 6i — 7* lines.

18G5.] 97

IT<ih. — New York, (Ashton) ; Illinois, (Dr. Lewis and Mr. Walsh.)
roll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Eleven % specimens. This is probably the S of F. polifits Say, al-
though I am by no means certain that it is ; the sculpture and mark-
ings are very similar, the greatest difference being in the color of the
markings, which are yellow in this species, and milk-white in
politus.

II. Fhilanthus bilunatus, n. sp.

Black, polished ; sides of the face, clypeus, spot on vertex, collar, tubercles,
postscutellum, tibias and tarsi, two lunate spots on second segment of abdomen,
and narrow emarginated fascia? on three following segments, lemon-yellow:
wings dusky at tips: abdomen narrowed and constricted at base.

M(il'\ — Black, polished, impuuctured, except on the vertex, which
is closely and very minutely punctured ; head large, transversely ovate ;
sides of the face, clypeus, small transverse line just above the clypeus,
and a large suborbicular spot on the middle of the front, yellow ; man-
dibles entirely black ; antennae black, the scape within and a spot on
the second and third joints of the flagellum, yellow. Thorax impuuc-
tured, very thinly pubescent; slightly interrupted line on the collar,
spot beneath the anterior wing, line on postscutellum, and the tegulfe,
yellow ; metathorax convex, rounded behind, with a deep elongate fovea
on the disk. Wings hyaline at base, the apical half stained with pale
fulvo-fuscous ; nervures pale honey-yellow. Legs black ; extreme tips
of the femora, and the tibias and tarsi entirely, yellow ; posterior tarsi
dusky at tips. Abdomen ovate, much narrowed and constricted at
base, highly polished, impunctured ; basal segment convex, rounded at
base, sometimes with a yellow dot or line on each side of the middle ;
second segment with a large, transverse, lunate, yellow luark on each
side, sometimes almost confluent on the middle; the three following
segments each with a narrow, apical yellow fascia, more or less deeply
emarginate on each side anteriorly ; two apical segments slightly pu-
bescent, immaculate, the last subtruncate at tip ; venter polished, im-
maculate. Length -ii lines; expanse of wings 7t lines.

ILih. — Massachusetts (Stratton); Tlliuois (Walsh). Coll. Ent. Soc.
Philad.

Five % specimens, 9 unknown. A. handsome little sp»ecies, readily
distinguished by the polished, impunctured body, and by the abdomen
being much narrowed and somewhat strangulated at base, with two
large lunate marks on the second segment above.

98 [August

§§. — Body coarsely punctured.

12. Philanthus ventilabris, Fabr.

Philanthus ventilabris, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 268. Coqueb. 111. Icon,
p. 96, pi. 22, fig. 2.

Philanthus verti/abris, Fabr., Syst. Piez. p. 303. Say, Amer. Entom. plate 49.
Anthophilus vertilabris, Dahlb., Hym. Europ. i, p. 497.
Black; face, large spot on front in % , base of antennae, collar, tubercles, teg-
ulse, jjostscutelluin, legs except base, and fascise on abdomen, interrupted on
first, and broadest on second segment, yellow; legs fulvous at base; wings sub-
hyaline.

Fcmah. — Black, opaque, very densely and grossly punctured, slightly
pubescent ; head much wider than the thorax, the front slightly pro-
minent; sides of the face not extending above the insertion of the
antennte, clypeus, mandibles except tips, two elongate spots between
the insertion of the antennae, confluent beneath, and with a small, more
or less distinct spot between them, and a line behind the summit of
the eyes, yellow or very pale yellowish-white; antennas rather short,
thickened, black above, the scape and two basal joints of flagellum be-
neath, whitish, rest of the flagellum beneath fulvous. Thorax with a
well-impressed central longitudinal line above ; collar, tubercles and a
large spot behind, tegul;B. and a line on postscutellum, whitish, yellow-
ish-white or yellow; metathorax more densely and finely sculptured,
abruptly truncate behind. Wings uniformly stained with pale yellow-
ish-fuscous ; nervures dusky honey-yellow. Legs honey-yellow ; tips
of the four anterior femora more or less, and the tibiae exteriorly,
white; tarsi dusky. Abdomen ovate, not narrowed at base, with rather
close, deep and coarse punctures, much coarser than those of the tho-
rax ; first segment with a lateral transverse yellowish mark about the
middle, pointed within; second segment with a broad basal yellowish
band, slightly interrupted in the middle; the third, fourth and fifth
segments each with a yellowish-white apical fascia, with the anterior
margin more or less uneven, dilated on the sides ; apical segment
smooth, depressed, rounded at tip. with a whitish spot on each side at
base ; beneath black, immaculate, finely punctured and shining. Length
() lines; expanse of wings lO lines.

Mdlf. — Resembles the female, but the head is not so transverse,
the markings are bright-yellow ; the front, above the antennae, has a
large transverse spot; the antennae are longer, curled at extreme tips,
the three basal joints are entirely yellow, the fourth, fifth and sixth
Joints are yellow beneath and fuscous above, the five following joints
have a pale spot beneath, the apical joint is dilated, curved, compressed
and truncate at tip; the tarsi are i)aler ; the wings more dusky at tips
and faintly subviolaceous; the abdomen is sometimes tinged with ful-

1865.] 99

vous at base, the first seuinent has a more or less broad yellow band,
soiuctinies widely, soiuetinies narrowly, interrupted in the middle ; the
band on the second segment is entire; the remaininjr segments have
the fascicG similar to those in the i ;male, and the sixth segment has
also a narrow fascia on its apical margin ; the venter is more or less
tinged with piceous, immaculate. Length same as 9 •

IJuh. — Pennsylvania (Cresson) ; Delaware (Dr. Wilson) ; Illinois
(Walsh and Kennicott) ; Rocky Mountains (Ridings); "North Caro-
lina and East Florida" (Smith). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. and Chicago
Academy of Sciences.

Seven $ . six S specimens.

13. Philanthus frontalis, n. sp.

Black ; face above and below antenna, base of antennae, collar, tubercles and
a mark behind, tegulse, postscutellum, tibiseand tarsi, and uninterrupted fasciae
on abdomen, yellow ; wings fulvo-fuscous : base of legs fulvous.

Malr. — Deep black, opaque, very densely and deeply punctured,
slightly pubescent; head transversely ovate, prominent on the front ;
the face beneath the antennae connected with a very lai-ge transverse
mark above the antennas, occupying nearly the entire front, clypeus,
spot on mandibles, and a spot or dot on each side of the occiput, bright
lemon-yellow ; antennae shaped and colored as in P. venfilabrifi. Tho-
rax : mesothorax with several longitudinal impressed lines, sometimes
obsolete ; collar, tubercles, and a large elongate spot behind, tegulae,
and the postscutellum, lemon-yellow; metathorax more densely and
finely sculptured, abruptly truncate behind. Wings pale fulvo-hyaline,
darker and subviolaceous at tips ; nervures fuscous, stigma and costa
honey-yellow, paler anteriorly. Legs yellow; coxae, trochanters, and
femora, except tips more or less, honey-yellow ; tibieC sometimes dusky
beneath. Abdomen elongate, the sides parallel, with close, very deep
and coarse punctures, much coarser than those of the thorax ; the two
basal segments each with a broad, continuous, lemon-yellow band, that
on the first situated on the middle, that on the second at base, the lat-
ter sometimes emarginated on each side of the middle posteriorly ; four
following segments each with a narrow apical yellow fascia, more or
less uneven anteriorly and each gradually narrower than the other;
apical segment immaculate, rounded at tip ; venter black, shining;
finely punctured, the segments with an obscure brownish stain on their
apical middle. J>ength 5] — 6] lines; expanse of wings 9 — 10 lines.

Hub. — Rocky Moun.. Colorado Ter. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Phila.

Four % specimens; 9 unknown. Closely allied to the preceding spe-
cies, and may possibly be a variety of it.

100 [AuciusT

14. Philanthus punctatus, Say.

Philanthv.s jnmctatus. Say, Long's Second Expedition, ii, p. .342.
Anthophilus gihhosus, Dahlb., Hym. Europ. i, p. 192 % 9-
Cheilopogonus pimctiger, Westw., Zool. Mag. v, p. 441, pi. 22, fig. 4.
Black; face, spot between antennas, collar, spot beneath the wings, postscu-
tellum, legs in part, broad band on second abdominal segment and the narrow
apical margins of the following segments yellow; wings dusky.

Female. — Black, rather shining, with hirge, deep, sparse punctures,
slightly pubescent ; head transverse, much wider than the thorax, the
vertex very densely and finely punctured, the face, cheeks and occiput
sparsely so; sides of the face, clypeus, spot between the antennae, spot
un base of mandibles, and a dot behind and another just above the
summit of the eyes, yellowish, sometimes obscure ; antennae black,
gradually thickened towards the tips, the scape yellowish beneath.
Thorax above with large, deep scattered punctures, smaller and more
dense on the pleura ; collar, tubercles and a spot behind, tegulae and
the postscutellum. yellow; metathorax closely and finely punctured,
pubescent, with an elongate, rather deep fovea on the disk. Wings
stained with pale fuscous, darker at tips, paler at base, slightly iride-
scent; nervures fuscous, yellowish at base, as well as the costa and
.stigma. Less : coxae, trochanters and base of femora, black, apical
half of the latter honey-yellow ; tibi« and tarsi yellowish, the latter
dusky at tips. Abdomen ovute, with large, very deep and coarse punc-
tures ; the incisures between the segments very deep ; ba.sal segment
strangulated, and immaculate; second segment with a broad, continu-
ous yellowish band at base; apical submargins of the two or three fol-
lowing segments with narrow yellowish, sometimes wavy, fasciae ; apical
segment smooth, shining, impunctured, immaculate, and rounde I at
tip; beneath black, shining, immaculate. Length -i^ — 51 lines; ex-
panse of wings 7 2 — S] lines.

3J<(/r. — Closely resembles the female, but differs as follows : the he.id
is less transverse, the f ice has only a yellow stripe on each side, a cen-
tral spot on the clypeus. and another of the same size on the middle of
the front, immediately above the antenniX3, the latter are longer, the
scape has a yellow spot at tip within and the base of the flagellum is
often more or less tinged with yellowish; the scutellum has a yellow
spot or line, rarely wanting ; the wings are darker towards the tips,
and subviolaceous. nearly hyaline at base ; the basal segment of the
abdomen has occasionally a yellow dot on each side ; the two apical
segments and the venter are immaculate. Length same as 9 •

BaL. — Penn. (Cresson; ; New Jersey (Cres.son); L>elaware (Dr. Wil-
son); New York (Angus); .Mass. (Ridings); Virginia (Ridings);

1SG5.] 101

"Indiana" (Westwood) ; Illinois (Dr. Lewis, Walsh and Kennicott).
Coll. Viut. Soc. Philad. and Chicago Academy of Sciences.
Six $ , eleven % specimens.

15. Philanthus albifrons. n. sp.

Black; face white in 9, sides of face, clypeus and large round spot on the
front in % also white ; interrupted line on collar, tegulse, spot beneath the
wings, line on postscutellum. tibise and tarsi, spot on each side of first abdomi-
nal segment, broad interrupted band on second segment and apical fascise on
three following segments, yellow or whitish ; wings yellowish dusky.

Fi-malr. — Black, shining, thinly pubescent; head and thorax with
sparse tine punctures, the former transverse and much broader than
the thorax ; the face beneath the antennae, extending a little above on
the frontal orbits and a little emarginated between the antennae, and
the clypeus, white ; mandibles, except tips, and a line behind the sum-
mit of the eyes, yellow; antennae black, rather short, thickened, base
of the flagellum narrowed, the joints with more or less distinct testa-
ceous spots beneath, the scape whitish in front. Thorax : mesothorax
sparsely punctured, with a broad shallow dorsal channel, and a finely
impressed longitudinal line on each side over the tegulae; scutellum
with a central impressed line ; an interrupted line on the collar, a spot
beneath the anterior wing, postscutellum and the tegulae, yellowish-
white ; metathorax pubescent, closely and indistinctly punctured, with
a central impressed longitudinal line. Wings stained with fulvo-fus-
cous, darker and subviolaceous at tips; nervures honey-yellow. Legs:
coxfe and trochanters black ; femora honey-yellow, black at base and
yellow at tips, especially on the posterior pair ; tibias and base of tarsi
yellow ; rest of tarsi more or less dusky. Abdomen oblong-ovate,
strangulated at base, the second and third segments deeply incised at
base; the three basal segments with very deep, large, scattered punc-
tures, the apical segments almost impunctate. smooth and polished ;
basal segment globose above with a yellow spot or dot on each side of
the middle; second segment with a broad, median yellow band, always
interrupted in the middle; the three following segments with an apical,
continuous yellow band, dilated on the sides ; apical segment dusky,
yellow at base; beneath piceous, polished, the second and three follow-
ing segments with a yellow spot on each side, very small on the second
segment, and very large and sometimes confluent on the following
segments. Length 6 lines; expanse of the wings 10 lines.

M<tle. — Very similar to the I'emale, differing principally in the orna-
mentation of the head, which has a broad line on each side of the face.
a large rounded spot on the front just above the antennae, the clypeus

102 [August

entirely except a black dot on the apical middle, and an oblique line
or dot behind the eyes, all white ; the antennae are lon-zer and more
slender, especially so at base, entirely black except a whitish spot on
the second, third and fourth joints of the flaaellum beneath ; the wing-s
are much clearer, being only slightly dusky at tips; the femora are
entirely black except the tips, which are whitish ; the markings of the
abdomen are much the same, except that the narrow yellow or whitish
fasciae on the apical margins of the third and three following segments
are more or less wavy, the apical segment is black, and subtruncate at
tip ; beneath black, slightly pubescent, with a white dot on the extreme
sides of the second and following segments. Length 5^ — Qh lines;
expanse of wings 9i — 10 i lines.

Hah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Five 9 , two % specimens. A very handsome and distinct species.

16. Philantlius flavifrons, n. sp.

Black ; face, mandibles, base of antennse, posterior orbits, collar, tegulfse. two
spots beneath the wings, postscutellum, two spots on metathorax, most of legs,
and broad bands on abdomen, the two first interrupted, yellow; wings duskv.
Female. — Black, shining; head without distinct punctures; the face,
extending a little above the antennjB, both in the middle and sides,
clypeus, mandibles except tips, a long continuous line on the cheeks,
extending on to the occiput, and two small oblique lines behind the
ocelli, bright yellow ; antennae black above, fulvous beneath, except
the three basal joints which are yellow. Thorax polished, with fine
sparse punctures, very sparse on mesothorax, which has a rather deep
dorsal channel and a fliintly impressed longitudinal line on each side
over the tegulae; collar, tubercles and a transverse spot behind, a large
triangular mark on each side of the pleura, tegulae, an oblique spot at
each basal corner of the scutellum, a line on the postscutellum, and a
large rounded spot on each side of the metathorax posteriorly, bright
yellow; scutellum longitudinally impressed on the middle; metathorax
very closely and rather finely punctured, slightly pubesceat, with an
elongate rather deep fovea on the disk. Wings tinged with yellowish,
dusky at tips; nervures dull honey-yellow. Legs yellow; the coxa;,
trochanters, and base of femora more or less, black, the former with a
white spot beneath ; tips of the tarsi a little dusky. Abdomen ovate,
slightly strangulated at base, the second and third segments deeply in-
cised at base ; the three or four basal segments with very deep, large,
coarse punctures, becoming smaller towards the tip; first and second
segments each with a large transverse bright yellow spot on each side.

1S65.] 103

those on the first much the smallest ; the three following segments
with a broad, continuous bright yellow, apical band, more or less nar-
rowed ill the middle anteriorly; apical segment dusky yellow; beneath,
the second and three following segments are yellow, the apical middle
more or less dusky and the second with the basal corners black ; apical
segment dusky. Length 5J lines; expanse of wings 9^ lines.

Hah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll.
Ent. Soc. Philad.

Two $ specimens; % unknown. This lovely and very distinct spe-
cies is readily distinguished from the preceding, by the yellow face,
the long continuous line on the cheeks, the two large spots on metatho-
rax and the yellow venter.

The following species are unknown to me : —

1 7. Philanthus solivagus, Say.

Philanthus solivagus, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, i, p. 383.

" Black, with small punctures ; tergum fasciate on each segment.

•' Inhabits Indiana.

'' % Body black ; punctures numerous, small : hypostoma, anterior
orbits, to the emargination, and large spot above the insertion of the
antennae yelloAv: collar, margin yellow, slightly interrupted in the mid-
dle : stethidium immaculate : wing-scale yellow : wings veiy slightly
tinged with dusky ; nervures fuscous, towards the base and stigma
honey -yellow : tergum, segments having each a greenish-yellow band
on the posterior submargin, that of the first segment largest, the others
.subequal ; sixth segment immaculate : pleura, pectus and venter im-
maculate: knees, tibiae and tarsi yellow; posterior pair of tibiae with a
spot on the posterior tip, and their tarsi above tinged with ferruginous.

" Ijcngth two-fifths of an inch."

IS. Philanthus barbatus, Smith. •

Philanthus barbatus, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv, p. 473.

" Male. Length 5 lines. — Black : closely and rather finely punc-
tured on the face ; the vertex shining, the punctures scattered ; the
anterior ocellus placed in a fossulet ; the clypeus, anterior margin of
the face, inner orbit of the eyes not quite so high as their emargina-
tion. and a large ovate spot above the antennae, yellow ; the face fur-
nished with a long dark beard on each side of the clypeus or its ante-
rior margin. Thorax shining, sparingly punctured ; a spot beneath
the wings and the postscutellum yellow ; wings fulvo-hyaline, the ner-
vures pale ferruginous. Abdomen shining, the first segment with a

104 • [August

few large deep punctures, or foveae; the second segment with similar
puncturing; the third segment has a few punctures on its apical mar-
gin; a minute spot on each side of the basal segment: a broad inter-
rupted fascia in the middle of the second segment; the third, fourth
and fifth segments with a narrow fascia on their apical margins, ub-
ruptly widened at the lateral margins, yellow ; beneath, black.
" Hah. — North America."

19. Philanthus crabroniformis, Smith.

Philanthus crabroniformis, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. iv, p. 474.

'' Male. Length 4} lines. — Black : the face below the antenna, with
a line continued upwards along the orbit of the eyes as high as the
emargination, a large campanulate-shaped spot above the clypeus, a spot
behind the eyes, two on the vertex, the mandibles, scape, and three
basal joints of the flagellum in front, yellow ; the head large, shining,
finely but not closely punctured. Thorax : the hinder margin of the
collar raised, yellow, and subinterrupted in the middle ; the tegulae.
tubercles, two spots beneath the wings, two on the scutellum, the post-
scutellum, a spot at the lateral posterior angles of the metathorax, the
apex of the femora, the tibiae and the tarsi, yellow ; the wings fulvo-
hyaline, the nervures pale ferruginous, with a faint cloud beyond the
marginal cell ; the mesothorax smooth and shining, and having a few
scattered punctures ; in the middle is a deep longitudinal channel, and
a finer one on each side ; the posterior margin closely punctured in
front of the scutellum. Abdomen shining, with deep scattered punc-
tures ; the first segment with a broad slightly interrupted band in the
middle ; the second segment has a broad band at its base, its hinder
margins waved ; the two following segments yellow, except their ex-
treme base ; the three apical segments entirely yellow.

"i/t<6.— California."

EUCERCERIS. nov. gen.
Head large, wider than the thorax, subquadrate, wider and more
transverse in the 9 , with the face much broader anteriorly ; eyes late-
ral, more or less ovate, entire; ocelli in a triangle on the vertex; an-
tenna} subclavate, inserted above the clypeus, in the middle of the face,
approximated ; mandibles stout, acute or subacute at their apex ; cly-
peus 3-toothed at tip, and trilobate in % , scarcely so in 9 • Thorax
ovate, the collar transverse, the metathorax obtusely rounded or sub-
truncate, ir/z/y.x ; the anterior wing with oneniarginal and three sub-
marginal cells ; the 9 has the marginal cell oblonu- and obtust'lv munded

1865.] 105

at tip, the first subniarginal cell much lonuer than the two following,
Fig. 2, 9 • the second triangular, petiolated, and receiving the
first recurrent nervure before the middle, the third
submarginal very large, subquangular, the tip ex-
ceeding that of the marginal, the second recurrent nervure uniting
with the second transverse cubital nervure (see Fig. 2) ; the Z has the
marginal rather shorter, subtriangular, especially at base, truncate or
subtruncate at tip. the posterior nervure descending in a gradual curve,
and the inferior edge in an angle, to meet the superior angle of the
second submarginal cell, which is triangular and oblique, receiving the
^ig- 3, % . first recurrent nervure before the middle ; the second
recurrent nervure either unites with the second
transverse cubital nervure, or is received near to the
base of the third submarginal cell which is shaped much as in the 9 ,
but varying in being a trifle shorter and more quadrate (see Fig. 3).
Legs stout, rather strongly spinose, the posterior tibicB serrate, the an-
terior tarsi ciliated exteriorly, but not strongly so. Abdomen as in

This genus is much more closely related to Cerreris than to Philan-
thus, to which the two described species have been referred ; it diifers
from the former genus especially in the neuration of the anterior wings,
which, however, shows a remarkable difl^erence in the male and female.

1. Eucerceris zonatus, Say.

Philanthus zonatus, Say, West. Quar. Eep. ii, p. 79; Amer. Entora. plate 49.
Black ; face, line between antennae, collar, two spots on scutellum, line on
postseutellum, two marks on metatliorax, and bands on abdomen, the first two
broad, the others narrow, yellow ; base of antennae, and legs honey-yellow :
wings fuscous, violaceous, costa darker beyond the base: tegulse and legs
honey-yellow. *

Femulc. — Black, opaque, densely and deeply punctured, clothed with
a very short indistinct golden pile; the head large, very broad and
transverse, the face flattened, the lower part very wide, longitudinally
prominent between the antennae; a large triangular mark on each side
of the fVice, the clypeus except the extreme apical margin, and a longi-
tudinal mark between the antennae, yellowish ; lateral lobes of the cly-
peus a little concave, the central lobe sparsely punctured and shining;
most of the cheeks and occiput obscure ferruginous; mandibles polished,
reddish-brown, black at tip, with a large, triangular, obtuse, black-
tipped tooth above near the base ; antennae slender, the basal half pale
rufous, the apical half black. Thorax : sides of the prothorax carinate,
the posterior margin yellow ; scutellum dull ferruginous, with a yellow-

106 [August

ish spot ou each side at base, as well as a line on the postseutellum ;
metathoras densely and strongly punctured, with a large subpyi'iform
yellow mark on each side, the punctures on the enclosed basal space
running into slightly oblique striae, with a finely impressed line down
the middle, continued to the tip of the metathorax ; teguhie honey-
yellow. Wings fuliginous, much darker on the anterior margin, with
a deep violaceous reflection ; nervures fuscous ; costal nervure honey
yellow. Legs entirely honey-yellow. Abdomen opaque, very densely
and finely punctured ; first segment small, black, with a broad apical
yellow band, deeply emarginated on the middle anteriorly ; second seg-
ment yellow, with the b;isal margin irregvilarly brownish, and a trans-
verse l'erru<;inous dask on the middle ; the three followins' seiiinents
each with a narrow, continuous, subapical, yellow band; the extreme
apical margins of all the segments shining brown ; a stain on each side
of the third segment, and the apical segment almost entirely, reddish-
brown ; apical segment obtusely rounded at tip ; venter piceous, shin-
ing, sparsely punctured, the second segment fulvous. Length 7 J lines;
expanse of wings 12 Hues.

Male. — Dift'ers from the female as follows : — the face beneath the
antennae is entirely yellow, this color extending upwards on the ante-
rior orbit for a short distance above the insertion of the antennae ; be-
tween the antennaj there is a longitudinal yellow line almost reaching
the anterior ocellus ; the mandibles are honey-yellow, black at tips ;
the cheeks and occiput are black, excepting a fulvous dot behind the
eyes ; the collar has a narrow interrupted yellow line, the postseutellum
a yellow line ; the scutellum is always black, generally immaculate, one
specimen only having a yellow dot on each basal corner ; the metatho-
rax has only a small yellow s^jot or dot on each side at extreme tip.
sometimes subobsolete; the tegul^e has a yellow spot in front; the
wings are clearer, being subhyaline, with the broad anterior margin
commencing at the base of the first submarginal cell of the wing, yel-
lowish-fuscous, darker at tip and in the second submarginal cell ; the
legs are paler, with the tibice and tarsi more or less yellowish ; the
coxae, trochanters and femora within and at base, are sometimes black-
ish ; the abdomen is black, with the yellow markings much as in the $ .
except that the apical half only of the second segment is yellow, with
a transverse black line across the middle, more or less confluent in the
middle with the black at the base of the segment ; the sixth se2;ment
with an interrupted, subobsolete yellowish wavy band at tip, sometimes
wantinu. and occasionally the band on the fifth seg-trent is abbreviated

1865.] 107

on each side; apical searaent flattened, mibquadrate. truncate at tip,
with the apical anjiles acute ; the venter has a transverse reddish-brown
stain on the apex of the second and one or more of the following seg-
ments. Length 6 — 8 lines; expanse of wings 10 — 12i lines.

Hah. — "Arkansa," (Say); Illinois, (Dr. Samuel Lewis and Mr.
Walsh.) Coll. Ent.Soc. Philad.

One 9 , six % specimens. This is doubtless the Philanfhus zonatus
of Say, although he says nothing of the broad yellow bands on the
two basal segments of the abdomen.

2. Eucerceris laticeps, n. sp.

Black : spot on each side of face and posterior orbits 9 . base of antenna;, and
mandibles except tij>s ferruginous: face of 'J, , interrupted line on collar, spot
on each side of metathorax. and interrupted bauds on first and second abdomi-
nal segments, yellowish : legs honey-yellow ; wings fusco-hyaline, much darker
on the anterior margin.

Female. — Black, opaque, very closely and deeply punctured, clothed
with a very short indistinct golden pubescence; head very wide, and.
as well as the face and mandibles, shaped as in the preceding species ;
an irreo-ular triangular mark on each side of the face, a spot on middle
of clypeus, mandibles except tips and upper margin, and broad poste-
rior orbits, rufo-ferruginous ; antenna; slender, black, the three basal
joints fulvous. Thorax shaped and sculptured as in the preceding
species ; a narrow interrupted line on the collar, and an ovate spot on
each side of the metathorax, obscure whitish ; postscutellum faintly
tino-ed with brownish ; tegulse testaceous, with a yellow spot in front.
Wings colored as in the preceding species. Legs bright honey-yellow;
coxEe, trochanters and base of the femora behind more or less blackish.
Abdomen shaped as in the preceding species, black ; first segment
with abroad sub;t]3ical yellow band, slightly interrupted in the middle;
second segment with a subtriangular yellow spot on each side at tip ;
apical segment tinged with brownish, upper surface flattened with the
sides acutely carinated and the tip obtuse ; beneath piceous, shining,
with the apical margins of the segments more or less brownish. liength
7 lines; expanse of wings 12 lines.

j/ale. — Differs from the female as follows : — the head not so broad ;
the face beneath the antennae is yellow, this color extending upwards
on the anterior orbit for a short distance above the insertion of the
antennae; between the antennae there is a longitudinal yellow line
almost reaching the anterior ocellus ; the clypeus has a small black
line on each side of the middle lobe, with the three teeth at tip also
black ; the collar and metathorax are immaculate ; the wings are clearer

108 {[August

except the anterior margin which is almost as dark as in the 9 ; the
femora are almost entirely black beneath, and the tibife are slightly
tinged with yellowish exteriorly ; the second and third segments have
each a subapical, narrow, yellow fascia, that on the third segment in-
terrupted on each side ; apical segment subquadrate, sparsely punc-
tured, the sides raised, the tip subtruncate, the apical angles acute ;
beneath piceous black. Length 7 lines; expanse of wings 11 ^ lines.

Hah. — Massachusetts. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Two $ , one S , specimens. Very similar to E. zonatus in the shape
and sculpture, but quite distinct by the different coloration.

3. Eucerceris superbus, n. pp.

Black : face, mandibles, collar, spot beneath the wings, breast, base of legs
and broad bands on abdomen, yellow ; most of legs honey-yellow , wings sub-
hyaline, first submarginal cell yellow, the tip beyond dark fuliginous, viola-
ceous.

J\Jale. — Black, slightly shining, very closely and deeply punctured,
thinly clothed with a short palish pubescence; the entire face beneath
the antennae, extending for a short distance upward on the anterior
orbit, a spot above and between the antennse, and the mandibles ex-
cept tips, bright yellow ; the cheeks have a dull rufous stain ; antennae
black, the five or six basal joints fulvous, tinged with yellowish be-
neath, the scape entirely yellow beneath. Thorax: a continuous line
on the collar, tegulse, a spot beneath the wings, and a large triboled
spot on the breast, between the four anterior coxae, lemon-yellow ; en-
closed basal space of metathora.x transversely striated, with a deep
central longitudinal line. Wings subhyaline ; the second submai'ginal
cell bright yellow, beyond which the apex is dark fuliginous, with a
brilliant violaceous reflection ; the nervures dull honey-yellow. Legs
honey-yellow; the coxas and trochanters beneath, the four anterior fe-
mora beneath, and the tarsi more or less, lemon-yellow. Abdomen
strangulated at base, the segments strongly contracted at their sutures.
and transversely impressed across their middle; the first five segments
have each a broad, continuous bright yellow band, leaving merely the
anterior and posterior margins black ; the two apical segments black,
the sixth with a yellowish clot on each side, the seventh immaculate
and shaped as in the two preceding species ; venter shining ; first seg-
ment with a large yellow central mark ; the second and third segments
honey-yellow, the former with a transverse bilobed yellow mark at tip.
remaining segments piceous-black, the apical margins fringed with long,
curved, fuscous pubescence. Length 7 lines; expanse of wings 13
lines.

1865.] 109

Yiif, % . — Much smaller, the markings are lemon-yellow, the mark
between and above the insertion of the antennae is somewhat wedire-
shaped ; the ferruginous stain on the cheek is large, with a yellowish
line on the posterior orbit; the line on the collar is slightly interrupted
ia the middle; the breast has a semicircular yellow line on each side
of the middle, where they are almost confluent', the postscutellum has
a narrow yellow line, and the metathorax a subpyriform mark on each
side; the wings are paler, though similarly colored; the legs are pale
honey-yellow, with the coxcie and trochanters beneath, and the poste-
rior tibi;c exteriorly, yellow; the markings of the abdomen are the
same, except that the band on the fifth segment has a black dot on the
middle of the anterior margin, the sixth segment has a band deeply
emarginated in the middle anteriorly, and the second ventral segment has
an interrupted yellow line, while the two or three following segments
are brownish, with an obsolete yellowish spot on each side. Length
5 lines; expanse of wings 9 J lines.

Bab. — llocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Two % specimens; 9 unknown. This is indeed a superb species,
the color and markings are bright and handsome, and the wings beau-
tifully colored.

4. Eucerceris flavocinctus, n. sp.

Black : spot on each side of face, line between antennae, spot at base of cly-
peus, spot behind eyes, interrupted line on collar, tegulae, tibiae and entire fas-
ciae on abdomen, yellow: tarsi fulvous; wings subhyaline, the anterior mar-
gin fuscous.

Female. — Deep black, shining; head not unusually wide, closely
punctured ; a cuneiform mark on each side of the face, a line between
the antennae, pointed above, dilated beneath, and confluent with a
transverse spot on the middle of the elypeus. which has sometimes a
yellow dot on each lateral lobe, and a spot behind the eyes near their
summit, yellow; anterior margin of the elypeus broadly emarginated ;
mandibles and antennae black, the base of the flagellum slightly tinged
with dull testaceous. Thorax shining above ; mesothorax and scu-
tellum with scattered, rather fine punctures, the former with a short
impressed line on each side over the tegulae ; pleura closely punctured;
metathorax finely sculptured, the punctures running into fine trans-
verse striae especially on the sides, the enclosed basal space covered
with fine, slightly oblique strias, and with a deep central longitudinal
channel; an interrupted line on the collar, and sometimes another on
the postscutellum. yellow ; tegulai honey-yellow, with a yellow spot in

•110 [August

front. Wings subliyaline, tinged with yellowish, the costa, from the
base of the first submarginal cell to the apex of the wing, fuscous ; ner-
vures honey-yellow. Legs black ; extreme tips of the femora, and the
tibiae, except the two anterior pairs within, yellow ; tarsi honey-yellow.
Abdomen shining, closely punctured, the basal segment depressed ; the
first five segments above each with an entire subapical, bright yellow
fascia, that on the first segment very slightly interrupted in the middle,
that on the second slightly dilated in the middle; apical segment im-
maculate, the dorsal surface oblong, opaque, the apex obtuse, the cari-
nated sides fringed with fuscous pubescence, the sides of the segment
deeply excavated; beneath black, shining, immaculate, each segment
with a deep longitudinal depression on the apical middle, and their
apical margins with deep scattered punctures. Length 6 — 7 lines j
expanse of wings 10 — 11 lines.

Bah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Two 9 specimens; % unknown.

5. Eucerceris cingulatus, n. sp.

Black; face, line between antennae, mandibles, spot behind the eyes, collar,
tubercles, postscutellnm, spot beneath the wings, breast, legs, and entire bands
on abdomen, above and beneath, yellow; wings stained with yellowish.

Male. — Black, shining, thinly clothed with pale pubescence; head
closely and finely punctured ; face, elypeus, mandibles except tips,
frontal orbits, a line between the antennte, and a spot behind the eyes
near their summit, lemon-yellow ; antenna? black, the scape yellow be-
neath. Thorax above shining, with rather deep, sparse punctures, the
pleura closely punctured ; a line over the collar, tegulfe, line on post-
scutellnm, spot beneath the wings, and most of the breast between the
four anterior coxfe, lemon-yellow; metathorax densely punctured,
opaque, the enclosed basal space a little shining, covered with fine
transverse, or slightly oblique striae, and with a deep central longitu-
dinal channel. Wings stained with yellowish, especially on the costa;
nervures honey-yellow. Legs lemon-yellow ; the coxae, trochanters
and femora within, black; tarsi tinged with honey-yellow. Abdomen
with a continuous, lemon-yellow, subapical fascia on each segment, ex-
cept the last, that on the second broadest and transversely emarginated
in the middle anteriorly ; apical segment immaculate. sub(juadrate.
the carinated lateral margin ending in a divergent acute tooth on each
side at tip ; beneath shining, the second and three following segments
each with ;i broad lemon-yellow band, broadest on the second segment.
Length 62 — Gi lines; expanse of wings 9] — lOJ lines.

1865.] Ill

Huh. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. rhilad.

Two % specimens. This may be the S of E. jidoocinctm.

t). Eucerceris fulvipes, n. sp.

Black; sides of face, line between antennae, clypeus entirely in 'J, , inter-
rupted into three spots in 9 , collar, two or three spots beneath the wings, tegu-
Ise, two large spots on metathorax, line on both scutellums, and entire bands
on abdomen, yellow; legs fulvous, wings hyaline, the aj^ical costal margin
fuscous, violaceous.

Female. — Black, shining, deeply and closely punctured, more sparse
on the mesothorax and scutellum ; a spot on each side of the face, a
line between the antennae, a spot on each side of the clypeus, and a
cuneiform spot behind the eyes, yellowish ; middle of clypeus and the
mandibles fulvous, the latter black at tips, one specimen has a yellow
spot on the middle of the clypeus ; antennae black, the scape within
at tip, and the third and fourth joints of the flagellum, fulvous. Tho-
rax : line on the collar, tubercles and a spot behind, line on the scu-
tellum and postseutellum, a large ovate spot on each side of the meta-
thorax, and a small oblique line on each side of the enclosed basal
space, pale yellowish; the latter obliquely striated, with a deep central
channel ; tegulas fulvous, sometimes with a spot in front. Wings hya-
line ; the costa, from the base of the first submarginal cell to the apex
of the wing, broadly yellowish-fuscous, slightly violaceous ; nervures
honey-yellow. Legs entirely bright fulvous. Abdomen shining, with
deep sparse punctures ; basal segment with a broad pale yellow band,
contracted in the middle ; second and three following segments each
with a continuous, subapical. pale yellow band, more or less dilated on
the sides ; apical segment immaculate, tinged with brownish, opaque,
shaped and sculptured as in $ E. fldvocinctus ; beneath black, immac-
ulate. Length b\ lines ; expanse of wings 7? lines.

Male. — Difi'ers from the female as follows : — the sides of the face
are broadly yellowish-white, extending for a short distance above the
antennae on the anterior orbit ; there is a yellowish spot just above the
clypeus, connected with a line of the same color between the antennae
which reaches to the anterior ocellus; the clypeus entirely, the man-
dibles except tips are yellowish-white ; the spot behind the eyes is
round; the scape is yellowish within, and the second, third and fourth
joints of the flagellum are fulvous ; there are two large yellowish-
white marks between the wings, the lower one connected beneath with
a longitudinal mark of the same color between the four anterior coxae ;
the enclosed basal space of the metathorax is immaculate; all the coxae

11- [August

and trochanters beneath, and the anterior femora and tibife in front.
are white ; the markings of the abdomen above are much the same,
except that the sixth segment has a band similar to that on the fifth ;
the apical segment is entirely fulvotis. with a divergent tooth on each
side at tip ; the renter is pale fulvous, the second and third segments
have each a whitish band, the former sinuate anteriorly, and the third
segment has a whitish spot on each side. Length 4f lines; expanse
of wings 7 J lines.

Huh. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

7. Eucerceris canaliculatas. Say.

F'r.Uarithu.s canaUcu!atu.i, Say. "West. Quar. Rep. ii. p. 79: American Ento-
mology, plate 49.

•' Pale yellow ; vertex, disk of the thorax, and incisures of the ter-
gum. reddish-brown.

■• Body pale yellow ; vertex reddish-brown ; front with t-vo loniri-
tndinal reddish-brown lines passing through the base of the antennae ;
antennae rufous, black at tip; mandibles black at tip : superior wino^
with a longitudinal brownish line on the middle trom near the base to
the tip ; radial cellule rounded at tip, and at its inferior angle descend-
ing to meet the superior angle of the second cubital cellule, which is
triangular: tergum with a transverse groove on the middle of each
segment, and a marginal smaller one ; incisures reddish-brown.

" Ob.i. — When traversing the Arkansaw region with Major Lono-'s
party. I obtained a single specimen of this insect, which is a male ; it
is so very similar in general appearance and color to Cerceris bidentata
nob., that but for its generic differences. I should almost have been led
to consider it as a mere sexual variety of that species. But it cannot be
placed in the genus Cerceris. as the mandibles are entirely unarmed
within, and the second cubital cellule is not petiolated. and the eyes
are not emarsinated."

This species is unknown to me. The size of this insect is not given
in the description, but the figure on the plate measures 7j lines in
length.

Genus CEECEEIS. Latr.
ffi^aff large, wider than the thorax, subquadrate ; eyes lateral, ovate,
entire ; ocelli in a triangle on the vertex ; antennae subelavate, in-
serted above the elypeus in the middle of the face, approximated,
mandibles stout and tridentate. acute or subacute at their apex ; clv-
peus trilobed. the middle lobe being often produced into various
shapes. Thorax ovate, the collar transverse, the metathorax obtusely

1S65.] 113

rounded or subtruncate. Winfjs : the anterior wiDe with one mar-
ginal and three subniarginal cells ; the niar^nal oblong and obtusely
Fig. 4. rounded at tip ; the first tubmarginal cell longer

than the two following, the sec-ond triangular or sub-
^ triangular, petiolated. and receiving the first recur-
rent nervure about the middle : the third moderate, obliquely sub-
quadrate, much narrowed towards the marginal and receiving the se-
cond recurrent nervure near it.«; base. i^''.7« stout, spinose. the poste-
rior tibiae more or less serrate, the anterior tarsi ciliated exteriorly.
Ahomm oblong, the first segment narrowed to one-half the width of
the following, and subLrlobose. the margins of the segments more or
less constricted ; the apical segment with its dorsal surface flattened,
bordered on either side by a sharp cari::.a. and a lateral oblique plane
also bordered by a carina.

1. Cerceris fumipennis. Say.

Cerceris /umipennis. Sav. Bost. Joum. Nat. Hist. i. p. 381.

Cerceris cincta. Dahlb.. Hvm. Europ. i, p. 204 %, .
Black : three subquadrate spots on face, two spots on collar, postscutellom.
and broad band on second segment of abdomen, yellowish-white : wings black-
ish.

Ftinalt. — Deep black, strongly punctured, clothed with a short pale
subsericeous pubescence, hoary on the thorax beneath, legs and abdo-
men ; head closely punctured, with a large subquadrate. pale yellowish
mark on each side of the face and a semicircular or subovate one on the
central lobe of the clypeus. sometimes much reduced, the lateral lobes
densely fringed with a pale ochraceous pubescence ; anterior margin
of the clvpeus truncate and cariuate. Thorax more deeply and less
closelv punctured than the head, sericeous, especially the pleura and
metathorax ; a transverse spot on each side of the collar, and the
postscutellum. pale yellowish ; metathoras abrupt and coarsely punc-
tured, the enclosed triangular basal space finely sculptured and some-
times shining; tegulae shining black, sometimes with a pale spot in
front. Wings dark fuliginous, black along the costa. with a deep vio-
laceous reflection ; nervures black. Legs black, sericeous and some-
what hoary: a line on the four anterior tibia? within, and most of the
posterior pair, yellowish-white : tips of anterior tarsi testaceous. Ab-
domen covered with a beautiful hoary sericeous pile, more obvious in
certain lights, and with deep punctures, rather sparse on the second
segment, and becoming closer on the apical segments ; first segment
small, subglobose. flattened at base, second segment convex, with a
broad, apical, pale yellow band, more or less attenuated in the middle

114 [August

anteriorly ; third segment often with a small yellow spot on each side at
tip, sometimes reduced to a mere dot, and sometimes entirely wanting ;
the third and following segments deeply incised at base; venter imma-
culate. Length 5J — 10 lines ; expanse of wings 9 — 15 lines.

MdJfi. — Resembles the female, but differs as follows : — the mark on
each side of the face is larger and elongate, the clypeus has a large
suborbicular, yellowish-white mark, often much reduced or entirely
wanting ; the clypeus has the lateral fringe golden-yellow, very bril-
liant in certain lights ; the tegulae has a yellowish-white spot, rarely
wanting; the wings are clearer; the band on the second segment of
the abdomen is of equal width and not narrowed on the anterior
middle ; the four following segments have each a narrow fascia, often
more or less interrupted, and sometimes obsolete, especially in the
middle ; sometimes the abdomen is marked as in the female, with
the lateral spot on the third segment always present. Length 5 — 64
lines; expanse of wings 8 — 91 lines.

Hah. — Massachusetts (Ridings); Delaware (Dr. Wilson); Illinois
(Walsh); Louisiana (Kennicott). Coll. Eut. Soc. Philad., and Chicago
Academy of Sciences.

Seventeen 9 . fourteen % specimens. Easily recognized by the
blackish wings, and the broad pale yellowish band on the second ab-
dominal seo-ment. The females vary much in size.

2. Cerceris clypeata, Dahlb.

Cerceris clypeata, Dahlb., Hym. Europ. i, p. 221.
Black ; face more or less, two spots on collar, postscutellum, spot on each
side of first abdominal segment in J , broad band on second, narrow apical
margins of remaining segments except last, and jsart of legs, yellow: wings
dusky.

Fnnald. — Black, opaque, closely and strongly punctured, clotheil
with a short palish pubescence; on each side of the face a longitudinal,
more or less developed, orbital yellow mark ; the carina between the
antennae sharply defined, sometimes with a minute yellowish spot or
line above the clypeus. sometimes there is a yellow spot behind the
eyes near their summit; clypeus more or less produced in the middle,
sometimes greatly so. the upper surface moderately convex, the lower
concave, the apical margin truncated, arcuated, or more or less emargi-
nated, the lateral angles sometimes subacute ; above, there is a trans-
verse yellow spot, sometimes covering the entire surface, sometimes
much reduced, sometimes there is a yellow spot beneath; lateral lobes
sometimes with a yellow spot on each extreme side, and an apical
fringe of palish pubescence ; mandibles black or piceous-black, more

1865.] 115

or less yellowish at base, sometimes obsoletely so; ;»ntennae black, the
flagellum piceous, paler beneath, especially at base and apex, the scape
often with a yellowish line in front. Thorax deeply and closely puac-
tured ; a spot on each side of the prothorax above, sometimes wanting,
a transverse line on postscutclluni, and sometimes a spot on each side
of the metathorax, yellow ; metathorax coarsely punctured or subru-
gose, the triangular space at base longitudinally, or slightly oblicjuely
striated, the tip of this space has sometimes a few very fine transverse
striae; tegulae testaceous, sometimes dusky, with a large yellowish spot
above or in front. Wings smoky-hyaline, with a moi-e or less deep vio-
laceous reflection, the marginal cell and apex fuliginous ; sometimes
the wings have a brassy reflection. Legs black ; tips of the femora
testaceous, sometimes fuscous; sometimes the posterior pair vary from
almost entirely yellow to almost entirely black, generally the apical
half is dull testaceous or yellowish-fuscous ; iu one specimen the inter-
mediate femora are entirely honey-yellow, except their extreme base ; the
tibife are yellow, sometimes tinged with fulvous, the posterior pair are
fuscous at tip within ; tarsi testaceous, the posterior pair entirely dusky
or blackish. Abdomen closely and rather deeply punctured, the seg-
ments strongly constricted at base; first segment with a yellow spot
on each side, sometimes reduced to a dot ; second segment with a broad
subapical yellow band, more or less narrowed in the middle anteriorly ;
the three following segments each with a continuous, narrow, subapical.
yellow band, broader laterally, sometimes the band on the fifth seg-
ment is nearly as broad as that on the second, and similarly shaped;
ventral segments with the apical half somewhat prominent and sub-
rugose, the basal half smooth and sometimes piceous or testaceous.
Length 5 J — 7 lines; expanse of wings \)l — 11 lines.

M>il'\ — l')ift'ers by the face being entirely yellow; the antennae
longer, the scape always yellow in front, and the flagellum mostly
dusky fulvous or testaceous beneath ; the clypeus flat and covered with
sparse punctures ; one specimen only, has a transverse yellow line on
the seutellura similar to that on the postscutellum, and the metathorax
has a yellow spot on each side; the underside of the cox;\;, trochanters
and femora more or less, yellow ; the femora a^ove, except extreme
tips fwhioh are fulvous), and the apical half of the posterior pair
beneath, black, sometimes the latter have the basal half yellow ; tibiae
and tarsi much as in the female, but more yellowish, with the tips of
the posterior tibiae more or less dusky or blackish, sometimes the en-
tirely upper surface is dusky, and the base of their tarsi pale; the

116 [August

basal segment of the abdomen is generally immaculate, rarely with two
yellow spots as in the female ; the band on the second segment is gene-
rally of equal breadth, sometimes slightly narrowed on the anterior
middle ; the subapical fasciae on the remaining segments are very
narrow, widening a little on each side, and sometimes slightly inter-
rupted in the middle, generally on the sixth segment, which has some-
times an ovate spot on each side; the second, third and fourth ventral
segments have sometimes a small yellow spot on each side, sometimes
reduced to a mere dot, but generally wanting. Length 4 J — 6 lines;
expanse of wings 7 J — 9? lines.

Hah. — Massachusetts (Ridings, Stratton) ; New York (Angus) ; N.
Jersey, Pennsylvania (Cresson) ; Delaware (Dr. Wilson) ; Virginia
(Ridings); Illinois (Kennieott and Walsh) . Coll. Ent. Soc. Philud.
and Chicago Academy of Sciences.

Eleven 9 , twenty-one % specimens. In the female the clypeus va-
ries much in shape, beiag more or less produced, sometimes subporrect
and elongate-quadrate, with the concave under surface hid fi-om view ;
while in other specimens the projection is very short, with the entire
under side visible ; the apical margin varies from truncate and arcuate,
to deeply emarginate, the lateral angles forming subacute teeth.

3. Cerceris venator, n. sp.

Black; face, interrupted line on collar, line on postscutellum, broad band
on second abdominal segment, more or less emarginated on anterior middle,
and narrow apical margins of remaining segments, yellow ; legs fulvous and
yellow: wings subhyaline, apical margins fuscous.

Male. — Black, i-ather closely and deeply punctured, clothed with
a golden-yellow pubescence, much paler and somewhat whitish on the
pleura, metathorax and abdomen ; the face entirely, basal half of man-
dibles, spot on the scape of antennae in front, interrupted line on the
collar, transverse line on postscutellum, and tegulaj, yellow; antennas
black, tinged more or less with ferruginous at base, the apical joint
curved, and truncate at tip; the triangular enclosed space of the meta-
thorax, smooth and shining, with a finely impressed line down the
middle. Wings subhyaline, slightly tinged with honey-yellow, and
with a more or less brilliant violaceous reflection; apical margins fus-
cous; nervures honey-yellow. Ijcgs fulvous; anterier coxse, trochan-
ters and femora beneath except tips, and the four posterior femora at
base within, more or less black ; the anterior tibiae and tarsi more or
less, the four po.sterior coxie and trochanters beneath, base of the pos-
terior femora, the intermediate tibite and tarsi, a line on the posterior
tibiae beneath, sometimes wanting, and their tarsi, yellow ; tips of tarsi

1865] * 117

dusky. Abdomen : basal segment generally black, immaculate, some-
times wholly or in part ferruginous, as well as spots on extreme sides
of the remaining segments; second segment with a broad, apical, yel-
low band, rounded on each side anteriorly and more or less deeply
emarginated in the middle; the four following segments each with a
narrow apical yellow fascia, sometimes a little dilated on the sides ;
apical segment flattened, sparsely and deeply punctured, subtruncate
at tip, and with a lateral tuft of dense golden pubescence ; in one spe-
cimen the upper surface of this segment is fulvous, and the four pos-
terior femora not stained with black within; venter generally black,
sometimes more or less stained with fulvous. Length 8 lines ; expanse
of wings 12? lines.

Hal). — New York (Angus) ; New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Cresson) ;
Illinois (Dr. Lewis) ; Kansas (Dr. Wilson) ; Louisiana (Keunicott).
Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad, and Chicago xlcademy of Sciences.

Ten % specimens ; $ unknown. A large well marked species, with
the ornamentation of the thorax and abdomen somewhat similar to that
of C. rlt/pcata 9 .

4. Cerceris bicornuta, Guer.

Ccfceris bicornuta, Guer., Icon. Reg. Anim. p. 44:3 ; Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat.
Hym. iv, p. 466.

Black, often more or less varied with ferruginous : orbits, postscutellum
and band or two spots on first and second abdominal segments, yellow ; legs
fulvous ; wings fuscous.

Female. — Black, deeply and rather closely punctured, clothed with
a short golden pubescence, whitish on the metathorax ; most of the
cheeks and occiput, clypeu.s, and mandibles except tips, ferruginous;
the frontal orbits more or less obscure yellowish, as well as the carini-
form process between the antennte; middle lobe of the clypeus lunate,
not very prominent, the lower half concave and polished, the angles of
the lunate projection short and subacute, apical margin of the clypeus
uneven ; sometimes the base of the mandibles is more or less yellow ;
antennae ferruginous, black at tips, sometimes the flagellum is almost
entirely black. Thorax: abandon the collar, often interi-upted, aud
sometimes very indistinct, the scutellum, a large spot on each side of
metathorax, and the tegulae ferruginous; sometimes the scutellum and
metathorax are entirely black ; postscutellum yellow in all the speci-
mens before me ; the triangular basal space of the metathorax deeply
punctured on the sides, always black. Wings fuscous, rather darker
on the apical margins, with a violaceous reflection; nervures black.
Legs fulvo-ferruginous, sometimes black at base ; posterior tibiae more

118 [August

or less yellow exteriorly. Abdomen with the segments strongly con-
tracted at base, either black or ferruginous; first segment more trans-
verse than usual, with a yellow spot on each side, sometimes large and
nearly confluent, sometimes reduced to a dot ; second segment with a
large yellow mark on each side, also sometimes nearly confluent, and
sometimes reduced to an elongate oblique spot ; remaining segments
either entirely black, fuscous, or ferruginous with the incisures black.
and sometimes the basal middle of the segments stained with blackish ;
the venter black, sometimes ferruginous banded with black. Length
85 — 9^ lines; expanse of wings 12 — 142 lines.

Hal). — New York (Angus) ; New Jersey and Pennsylvania (Cres-
son); '-Delaware, Georgia" (Smith); Louisiana (Kennicott). Coll.
Ent. Soc. Philad. and Chicago Academy of Sciences.

Six 9 specimens ; % unknown. This is a fine large species, ex-
ceedingly variable in coloration.

5. Cerceris biungulata. n. sp.

Black : sides of the face, two spots on prothorax, tegulse, postscutellum. side^
of metathorax, and the five basal segments of abdomen above, except a fer-
ruginous stain at base, yellow : clypeus with a large acutely lunate projection
proceeding from its base: wings hyaline, fuscous at tips.

Femab'. — Black, closely and rather finely punctured, sparsely clothed
with a pale pubescence; clypeus with a large acutely lunate [irocess,
proceeding from its base, like two claws diverging from each other,
and connected at their bases ; sides of the face, the clypeal projection,
except its lateral and apical margins, base of the mandibles, a spot be-
hind the summit of the eyes, and the scape of the antenn;^ in front,
rather obscure yellowish ; margins of the clypeal projection, its under
surface, the cheeks, and the basal half of the autennaj, ferruginous;
the vertex, immediately behind the ocelli, has a few obsolete ferrugi-
nous dots. Thorax : two transverse spots on the collar, a small spot
beneath the anterior wing, tegulse, postscutellum. and a very large sub-
triangular mark on each side of the metathorax, yellow ; the scutellum
is tinged with obscure ferruginous ; the triangular basal space of the
metathorax is finely striated longitudinally ; wings obscure hyaline,
with a slight purplish iridescence, the co.^tal and apical margins nar-
rowly fuscous, darker on the apex of the anterior pair ; nervures fer-
ruginous. Legs fulvo-ferruginous; tips of the four anterior femora,
especially within, and the posterior pair exteriorly, as Avell as most of
all the tibiae, yellow. Abdomen yellow, the segments strongly con-
stricted at base, with a basal pale ferruginous stain, broader on the an-
terior segments, that on the basal segment separating the yellow into

1865.]

119

two larije semicircular spots, that on the secoad segment large and tri-
ano-nlar, on the remainin"- se"ments this stain becomes narrower, and
slightly blackish at extreme base ; the sutures also blackish ; apical
segment ferruginous, black at base and apex; venter fulvo-ferruginous,
with a black band at the base of the third, fourth and fifth segments.
Length 7 lines; expanse of wings 121 lines.

Hah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll.
Ent. 8oc. Philad.

One 9 specimen ; % unknown. This beaiitiful species is at once
recognized by the large and singular projection of the clypeus, as well
as by the handsome ornamentation. Answers somewhat to the de-
scription of C. biffenfata Say, but not enough to warrant their iden-
tity certain.

(i. Cerceris sexta, Say.

Cerceris sexta, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, i, p. 382.

Black; face, two spots on collar, tegulse. postscutellum, spot on each side of
metathorax, and broad bands on abdomen, yellow; legs yellow and fulvous;
wings subbyaline.

Ma/i'. — Black, closely punctured, clothed with a thin pale yellowish
pubescence ; face entirely, mandibles except tips, a dot behind the
eyes near their summit, sometimes wanting, and the scape in front,
yellow, sometimes whitish ; basal half of antennae bright ferruginous,
the remainder black. Thorax : two large transverse spots on pro-
thorax, tegulae, postscutellum, and an ovate spot on each side of the
metathorax, sometimes reduced to a dot, yellow; sometimes the scu-
tellum is faintly tinged with brownish ; the triangular basal space of
the metathorax shining, with slightly oblique strife on the sides and a
well-impressed longitudinal one in the middle. Wings tinged, more
or less, with fuscous, the tip and apical margins darker, covering the
marginal cell ; nervures pale ferruginous, the stigma yellowish. Legs
bright yellow, the four anterior femora behind, except tips, the apical
half of the posterior femora, their tibiae and tarsi within and above,
fulvous ; base of the four anterior femora beneath and the posterior
pair within, black. Abdomen more elongate and rather narrower than
usual, with the segments strongly contracted at base; the basal seg-
ment subglobose, either black or ferruginous, Avith a large or small
yellow spot on each side; the five following segments with a more or
less broad, continuous subapical, bright yellow band, slightly narrowed
on the middle anteriorly, where the bands are sometimes obsoletely
margined with obscure ferruginous; beneath sometimes stained with
ferruginous, the second to fifth segments each with a more or less de-

120 [August

veloped lateral yellow spot, sometimes almost confluent on the disk.
Length 62 — 8 lines; expanse of wings 11 — 12J lines.

Hah. — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Six % specimens ; $ unknown. May possibly be the male of the
preceding species.

7. Cerceris vicina, n. sp.

Black ; sides of face, clypeus, scape of antennae in front, two spots on collar,
tegulse, line on postscutellum, two spots on metathorax, sometimes wanting,
and bread bands on abdomen, yellow; legs mostly honey-yellow; wings fus-
cous.

Female. — Black, closely and deeply punctured, sparsely clothed with

pale pubescence ; clypeus scarcely prominent except at tip which is
somewhat produced and subtruncate ; sides of the face broadly, cly-
peus except apical margin, base of mandibles, sometimes a dot above
the clypeus, a dot behind the summit of the eyes, and the scape in
front, lemon-yellow ; sometimes the lateral lobes of the clypeus are
blackish with a yellow spot on each ; antennae fulvous, blackish at
tips above. Thorax : collar tinged more or less with ferruginous, a
transverse spot on each side, tegulae, postscutellum, and a more or less
developed elongate-ovate spot on each side of the metathorax, wanting
in one specimen, yellow ; triangular basal space of metathorax opaque,
and covered with dense elongate striae. Wings yellowish-fuscous,
darker on apical margins and marginal cell, and with a violaceous re-
flection. Legs honey-yellow, tips of the four anterior femora, their
tibiae and most of their tarsi, the posterior femora beneath, and their
tibiae and tarsi exteriorly, yellow. Abdomen : first segment more or
less ferruginous in two specimens, in one immaculate, in the other with
a lateral yellow spot, and in the third specimen black with a broad,
slightly interrupted yellow band ; second segment with a very broad
yellow band, leaving only the basal margin of the segment black ; the
three following segments each with an apical yellow band, broad on
the sides and much narrower on the middle anteriorly, that on the fifth
segment the broadest; apical segment more or less ferruginous,
venter banded with fulvo-ferruginous. Length 5^ lines ; expanse of
wings lO'j lines.

HaJ). — Rocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Ent.
Soc. Philad.

Three 9 specimens ; % unknown. Closely related to the preceding
species, but smaller.

18G5.] 121

s. Cerceris rufinoda, n. sp.

Black ; face, two spots on collar, toguliE, spot under the wing, two spots
on scutellum, tips of femora, tibise and tarsi, and bands on second and four
following segments of abdomen, yellow ; basal segment rufous ; wings dusky.
Male. — IJlack, closely and rather deejily punctured ; the face en-
tirely, extending up on each side nearly to the summit of the eyes, a
narrow line between the antennte, mandibles except tips and the scape
in front, lemon-yellow ; antennae fulvous, the flagellum dusky above,
the scape above, and basal joint of flagellum, blackish. Thorax : an
interrupted band on the collar, tegulag, a spot beneath the wings, a
rounded spot on each side of the scutellum, and a transverse line on
the postscutellum, lemon-yellow; the scutellum sparsely punctured ;
the triangular basal space of the metathorax transversely striated at
tip, with a central longitudinal impressed line. Wings tinged with
fuscous, nervures fuscous. Legs : coxge, trochanters, and most of the
femora, black ; tips of all the femora, especially the two anterior pairs
beneath, all the tibise, except the tips of the posterior pair, and base
of the tarsi, lemon-yellow ; posterior femora ferruginous at base ; most
of the tarsi dusky. Abdomen closely and rather coarsely punctured,
the segments strongly contracted at base; first segment entirely and
the base of the second, bright rufo-ferruginous, the latter with a broad,
subapical, lemon-yellow band narrowly margin before with black ; the
four following segments each with a narrower apical band of the same
color, slightly attenuated on the middle anteriorly; the venter piceous-
black, ferruginous at base. Length 4 lines; expanse of wings 6 J
lines.

IJah. — Eocky Mountains, Colorado Territory. (Ridings.) Coll. Eut.
Soc. Philad.

One S specimen; 9 unknown. A handsome little species, with
the ba.sal segment entirely red, as well as the base of the second seg-
ment.

!>. Cerceris Blakei, n. sp.

Black: sides of the face, clypeus, mandibles, scape in front, two spots on
collar, tegulse, spot on each side of scutellum, line on postscutellum, tibia; and
tarsi, and apical fasciae on abdomen, much narrowed on the middle, yellow ;
. two basal segments dull ferruginous: legs mostly fulvous; wings fuscous.
Fdiutlc. — Black, closely and deeply punctured; sides of the tace,
clypeus, mandibles except tips, a minute dot behind the summit of the
eye, and the scape, yellow; the face silvery in certain lights, especially
the lateral lobes of the clypeus ; above the clypeus a pale ferruginous
dot; clypeus produced in the middle, convex ;ibove, concave beneath,
the apical margin subtruncate and narrowly margined with black ; fla-

122 [August

gellum of the antennae fulvous, dusky above. Thorax : a transverse
spot on each side of the collar, tegulae, a dot on each extreme side of
the scutellum, and a transverse line on the postscutellum, yellowish ;
metathorax coarsely punctured, the triangular basal space rugose, with
a deep channel down the middle. Wings pale fuscous, darker at tips,
with a slight violaceous reflection ; nervures and stigma blackish.
Legs black at base, the femora fulvous, with more or less yellow at
tips ; tibiae yellow, the posterior pair at tips, as well as the tarsi, ful-
vous. Abdomen with the segments strongly contracted at base, densely
and deeply punctured, the two basal segments dull ferruginous, with
an apical yellowish band, that on the second broad and much narrowed
on the middle anteriorly ; the three following segments each with a
yellowish band similar to that on the second segment; venter brown-
ish, paler at base. Length 4 lines ; expanse of wings 7 lines.
^a6.— Georgia. (Blake.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

One $ specimen ; % unknown. This pretty little species was cap-
tured this summer, in Southwestern Georgia, by my friend Mr. Charles
A. Blake, after whom I have named it.

10. Cerceris finitima, n. sp.

Black : face, scape in front, two spots on collar, tegulse, a sj3ot on each side of
scutellum, postscutellum, tips of femora, and the tibise, and bands on abdo-
men, yellowish ; wings subhyaline.

Female. — Black, deeply and coarsely punctured, slightly pubescent ;
the face, mandibles except tips, a dot behind the summit of the eyes,
and the scape in front obscure yellowish ; the face silvery in certain
lights, especially the sides of the clypeus ; antennae pale fulvous,
dusky above. Thorax : a spot on each side of the collar, tegulse, a
dot beneath the anterior wing, a spot on each side of the scutellum,
and a line on the postscutellum, yellowish ; the enclosed basal space
of the metathorax transversely striated at tip. Wings subhyaline.
dusky at tip ; nervures and stigma pale fuscous. Legs black ; tips of
the femora, and the tibiae, except tips of the posterior pair, yellowish.
.'Vbdomen : first segment with a subinterruptod band at tip : the four
following segnjents with a continuous, yellowish, apical band, narrowed
in the middle, and broadest on the second segment; venter black,
shining, immaculate. Length 3j lines; expanse of wings 5f lines.
i7^;/;.— Illinois. (Dr. Lewis.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

One $ specimen ; S unknown. Closely allied to C. Blakei nob.,
but has no ferruginous color whatever on the legs and abdomen, so
conspicuous in the latter species.

1865.] 123

11. Cerceris flavocostalis, Cresson,

Cerccris flavocostalis, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 15.3.
Hah. — Cuba. Coll. Dr. John Gundlach. Two ( S 9 ) specimens.
As this and the four following species have already been described
on the pages of these " Proceedings," I deem it useless to repeat them
here, and therefore merely give reference.

12. Cerceris triang^lata, Cresson.

Cerceris triangulaia, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 154.
Hah. — Cuba. Coll. Dr. John Gundlach. One % specimen ; 9 un-
known.

13. Cerceris bilunata, Cresson.

Cerceris bilunata, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 155.
Hah. — Cuba. Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. Two S specimens; 9 un-
known.

14. Cerceris festiva, Cresson.

Cerceris festiva, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 156.
Hah. — Cuba. Coll. Dr. John Gundlach. One S specimen; 9 un-
known.

15. Cerceris cubensis, n. sp.

Cerceris zonata, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, p. 156,
Hah. — Cuba. Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad. One 9 , two % specimens.
As Mr. Smith had previously described a species from China under
the name of C zonalis^ and to prevent confusion, I take this oppor-
tunity of changing the name of the Cuban species.

16. Cerceris nigrescens. Smith.

Cerceris nigrescens, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv. p. 466, 9 .
Black; sides of face, clypeus, base of mandibles, dot behind the eyes, two
spots on collar, tegulae, postscutellum, spot on each side of metathorax, and
bands on abdomen, whitish; wings subhyaline; the four anterior tibise and
tarsi mostly pale yellowish.

Female. — Deep black, not closely punctured, sparsely clothed with

pale pubescence ; sides of the face, clypeus, base of mandibles, a dot

behind the summit of the eyes, and sometimes a longitudinal line above

the clypeus, white or pale yellowish-white ; middle lobe of the clypeus

quadrate, elevated, convex above and concave beneath, the anterior

margin subtruncate or slightly emarginated, and narrowly bordered

with black ; the lateral lobes sometimes black, with a pale yellowish

spot on each ; antennae black, the flagelluni more or less fulvo-testa-

ceous beneath, especially at base, and in one specimen the scape has a

white line in front. Thorax : a transverse spot on each side of the

collar, a spot on the tegulae, a transverse line on the postscutellum, and

a rounded spot on each side of the metathorax, whitish or yellowish-

124 [August

white ; the enclosed basal space of the metathorax covered with dense
longitudinal strige, and a deeper one down the middle. Wings sub-
hyaline, darker on the apical margins and in the marginal cell ; ner-
vures fusco-ferruginous. Legs black ; extreme tips of the four an-
terior femora, their tibife in front, and a line on the posterior tibiae be-
neath, yellowish; the anterior tarsi pale ferruginous, the posterior pair
dusky. Abdomen : the basal segment with a transverse yellowish-
white spot on each side at tip, the four following segments each with
an uninterrupted subapical fascia, narrowed in the middle anteriorly ;
beneath entirely black. Length 5 — bh lines; expanse of wings S — S^
lines.

Variety 9 • — The antennae, collar and metathorax immaculate ; the
^'ascias on the abdomen very narrow, and uninterrupted on the fifth
segment.

Hdh. — Canada West (Saunders) ; Rocky Mountains, Colorado Ter-
ritory (Ridings); " Nova Scotia" (Smith). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Three $ specimens; % unknown.

17. Cerceris dentifrons, n. sp.

Black ; sides of face, base of mandibles, two spots on collar, postscutellum,
tibiae, and narrow fasciae on abdomen, yellow; clypens with a large, acutely lu-
nate projection; wings subhyaline, dusky at tips.

Female. — Deep black, strongly punctui-ed, slightly pubescent; the
clypeus with a large acutely lunate projection, proceeding from its
base, and shaped like that of C. hiiotgulata described above; sides of
the face, two dots on clypeal projection, confluent in one specimen and
wanting in another, and the base of the mandibles, yellow; antennae
black, the flagellum fulvo-testaceous beneath. Thorax : a transverse
spot or dot on each side of the collar, spot on tegulae, and the postscu-
tellum, yellow; mesothorax and scutellum sparsely punctured; the
enclosed triangular space at the base of metathorax longitudinally stri-
ated. Wings subhyaline, faintly violaceous, the apical margins and
marginal cell, pale fuliginous; nervures dull ferruginous, the stigma
paler. Legs : coxae, trochanters and femora except tips, black ; tips
of femora, the tibia; within, and the four anterior tarsi, fulvous; tibiae
yellow exteriorly ; tips of the posterior tWvx. and their tarsi, dusky.
Abdomen with a narrow subapical fascia on each segment, except the
last, slightly narrowed in the middle anteriorly, a little interrupted on
the first segment, and rather broadest on the second ; beneath black,
immaculate. Length 4J — 5 lines; expanse of wings 7 — 8 lines.

Hah. — Xesv York (Angus) ; Illinois (Dr. Lewis). Coll. Ent. Soc.
-Philad.

ISG').] 125

Three 5 specimens ; % unknown. Closely resetobles the preceding
species in ornamentation ; but readily distinguished by the very promi-
nent, bidentate projection of the clypeus. This species may possibly
prove to be the $ of 0. deserta Say.

18. Cerceris deserta. Say.

Ccrccris dcscrta. Say, Long's Second Expedition, ii, p. 34.3, % .
Black, finely punctured; face, scape in front, two spots on collar, tegulse,
postscutellum, most of legs, and narrow bands on abdomen, yellow; wings
fusco-byaline.

Malf. — Black, rather finely and spai'sely punctured, especially the
abdomen, thinly pubescent ; the face entirely, mandibles except tips,
and the scape in front, bright yellow; antennae dusky above, black at
base, the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax : the mesothorax and
scutelluni sparsely punctured ; a spot on each side of the collar, some-
times much reduced, spot on tegulae, and a transverse line on the post-
scutellum, yellow; the basal enclosed space of the metathorax chan-
nelled down the middle, with a few oblique striae on each side. Wings
fusco-hyaline, slightly violaceous, darker at tips ; nervures pale ferru-
ginous. Legs yellow ; the four anterior femora behind, apical half of
the posterior pair, as well as the tips of their tibiae, black, their tarsi
dusky. Abdomen rather feebly and sparsely punctured, the segments
convex, and rather strongly contracted at base ; the basal segment
generally, but not always, with a yellow spot or dot on each side ; the
five following segments each with a narrow, continuous, subapical, yel-
low fascia, more or less narrowed in the middle and rather the broadest
on the anterior segments ; beneath, the second to fifth segments have
generally a yellow transverse spot or dot on each side. Length 4 J
lines; expanse of wings 8 lines.

Hah. — Massachusetts (Ridings); Pennsylvania (Cresson) ; Dela-
ware (Dr. Wilson ) ; Illinois (Dr. Lewis). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Eight % specimens; $ unknown.

19. Cerceris imitator, n. sp.

This species diifers from C dexcrta principally in the punctation
being much closer, deeper and coarser ; the size is smaller, the en-
closed basal space of the metathorax is longitudinally striated, the pos-
terior femora and tibiiis have always a larger proportion of the black
color, and the basal segment of the abdomen, and the venter, are im-
maculate. Length 4 lines; expanse of wings 7 lines.

//'</>.— Illinois (Dr. Lewis). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Eight % specimens; 9 unknown. This is, no doubt, the var. ,5 of
Say's deserta, and is at once distinguished from that species by tjift—
coarse sculpture.

126 [August

20. Cerceris compar, n. sp.

Black : face, scape in front, interrupted line on collar, another on scutelluni.
most of legs, and narrow bands on abdomen, yellow; wings subhyaline.

Male. — Black, deeply and closely punctured ; the face entirely, the
mandibles more or less and the scape in front, yellow ; rest of antennae
black above, fulvous beneath. Thorax: a line on the collar, inter-
rupted in the middle, sometimes widely, a spot on the tegulse, a slightly
interrupted line on the scutelluni, and sometimes a longitudinal line
on each side of the metathoi-ax, pale yellowish, the basal enclosed space
of the latter channelled down the middle with a few deep punctures
on each side. Wings subyhaline, the apical margin and marginal cell
pale fuscous ; uervures pale ferruginous. Legs black ; the coxa), tro-
chanters, tips of the four anterior femora, their tibiae and tarsi, basal
two thirds of the posterior tibia3 and the base of their tarsi, yellow.
Abdomen convex, strongly punctured ; each segment, except the last.
with a very narrow, continuous, subapical, yellow fascia, scarcely
broader on the sides; venter black,, shining, imraiculate. Length il
— io lines ; expanse of wings 6 — 8 lines

^a6.— Illinois. (Dr. Lewis.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Threes specimens; 9 unknown. Resembles the preceding species.
but is more compact, with the posterior femora entirely black, and the
basal segment of the abdomen with a narrow continuous fascia similar
to those on the following segments.

21. Cerceris fulvipes, n. sp.

Black; spots on face, two on collar, tegulfe, line on postscutellum, two spots
on metathorax, and bands on abdomen, yellowish-white ; legs fulvous, wings
subhyaline.

Female. — Black, somewhat shining, thinly clothed with a pale pu-
bescence ; head closely punctured ; a subtriangular mark on each side
of the face, a small spot on the clypeus, emarginate before, mandibles
except tips, and a spot behind the eyes near the summit, obscure whit-
ish; antennae black, the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax more
sparsely punctured, elongate and somewhat confluent on the mesotho-
rax, very sparse on the scutellum; spot on each side of the collar,
tegulae, postscutellum, and an ovate spot on each side of the metathorax,
yellowish-white ; the enclosed basal space of the latter finely and
somewhat obliquely striated. Wings subhyaline, slightly tinged with
yellowish, faintly iridescent, apex fuscous ; nervures pale ferruginous.
Legs fulvous ; the coxjii and anterior femora behind, blackish ; the
tibiae tinged with yellow exteriorly. Abdomen rather sparsely punc-
tured ; first segment with a yellowish-white spot on each side, and a
continuous, apical band of the same color on the four following segments.

ISO.).] 127

more or less narrowed in the middle ; beneath, the second to fifth seg-
ments with a lateral yellowish-white spot, the second segment stained
with ferruginous in one specimen. Length -1 — iJ lines ; expanse of
wings ()j — 7^ lines.

//„/,._I)ela. (Dr. Wilson) ; 111. (Dr. Lewis). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Two 9 specimens; $ unknown. A very pretty and distinct species,
closely allied to C. ni<jn-scens in general ornamentation, but is distin-
guished at once from that species by the fulvous legs.

22. Cerceris compacta, n. sp.

Robust, black : face, mandibles, scape in front, two spots on collar, two on
scutellum, tegulse, postscutellum, tibi ; and bands on second and following
segments of abdomen, broadest on the second, yellow; femora fulvous; wings
subhyaline; face silvery in 9-

Frmnle. — Hobust, black, closely and strongly punctured, thinly
clothed with a pale pubescence ; face silvery, especially, on each side
of the clypeus ; face, a line beneath antennae, clypeus, mandibles ex-
cept tips, a spot behind the summit of eyes, and scape in front, yellow;
middle of clypeus prominent, convex above, flattened and dusky be-
neath, which has an ovate, oblique space on each side ; antenn;\3 black-
ish, the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax : a transverse spot on
each side of the collar, tegulne, a spot on each side of the scutellum,
the postscutellum, and in one specimen an obscure spot on each side
of the metathorax, yellowish, the enclosed basal space of the latter
coarsely and obliquely striated. Wings subhyaline, with a brassy sub-
iridescent reflection, the costo-apical and apical margins fuscous, ner-
vures dull ferruginous. Legs biack at base, the femora fulvous, their
tips more or less, the tibiaj and b ise of the tarsi yellow, tips of posterior
tibi{\) within dusky as well as most of the posterior tarsi. Abdomen
robust, the basal segment unusually small, aLd immaculate ; second
segment with a broad, continuous, apical, yellow band; the three fol-
lowing segments each with a narrow apical yellow fascia, much dilated
on the sides; beneath black, immaculate. Length 4^} — .5 lines; ex-
panse of wings 7 — 8^ lines.

Male. — Resembles the female, with the face flat, of a brighter yel-
low, the spot behind the eyes wanting, the lateral spots of the scutel-
lum subobsolete, the fasciae on the third and three following segments
less dilated on the sides, and the venter is narrowly banded with tes-
taceous. Length 4 — i} lines.

Hah. — Pennsylvania (Cresson) ; Delaware (Dr. Wilson) ; Illinois
(Dr. Lewis and Mr. Kennicott). Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad ,and Chicago
Academy of Sciences.

128 [August

Four 9 ; two % specimens. This is much more robust in propor-
tion to the size, than any of the other species, and the abdomen is more
contracted at base.

23. Cerceris californica, n. sp.

Black: face, two spots on collar, spot on tegulse, tibiae and bands on abdo-
men much attenuated in the middle, yellow; wings subhyaline, the costa fus-
cous; face silvery.

Malt'. — Robust, black, deeply and rather closely punctured, subseri-
ceous, thinly clothed with a pale yellowish pubescence ; the face en-
tirely pale yellow, clothed with a short silvery pubescence ; mandibles
black ; antennas black above, fulvous beneath, the apical joint subconi-
cal, a little curved and tipped with fulvous. Thorax sparsely punc-
tured above, immaculate, except an ovate dull yellowish spot on each
side of the collar, and two very obscure ones of the same color on post-
scutellum ; enclosed basal space of the metathorax smooth and polished ;
tegulae fulvous with a yellow spot. Wings hyaline, with a brilliant
violaceous reflection especially at tips ; the costa, beyond the stigma,
broadly fuscous, as well as the apical margins faintly ; nervures ferru-
ginous. Legs brownish at base, the four anterior femora ferruginous,
the posterior pair rufo-piceous ; tibiae and base of tarsi yellow; tips of
posterior tibife and most of the tarsi fuscous. Abdomen robust, sub-
sericeous, the first segment unusually small, globose and tinged with
dull ferruginous at tip ; the second and three following segments each
with a narrow, apical, yellow fascia, much dilated on each side, the
sixth segment with a broad yellow band, the anterior middle slightly
emarginated ; beneath black, immaculate. Length 5 2 lines ; expanse
of wings 9 lines.

i^(/i.— California. (Mr. Henry Ulke.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

One S specimen ; 9 unknown.

24. Cerceris Kennicottii, n. sp.

Black; sides of face, clypeus, scape in front, interrupted line on collar,
tegulfe, a broad line on scutellum, tibire, broad band on second abdominal seg-
ment, transverse spot on each side of tliird, and narrow bands on three follow-
ing segments, yellow ; wings subhyaline, the costa fuscous.

Ma/c. — Black, coarsely punctured, finely pubescent, silvery on tine
clypeus; sides of the face, middle lobe of the clypeus, and the scape
in front, yellow; antennae black, the flagellum fulvous beneath. Tho-
rax : a line on the collar, interrupted in the mid lie, tegul*. and a
broad transverse line on the scutellum, yellow ; the enclosed basal
space of the metathorax shining, with a deep channel down the mid-
dle. Wings dusky, with a violaceous reflection, the costa fuliginous;
nervures fuscous. Legs black ; tips of the femora, the tibije and tarsi.

1865.] 1-^9

yellow ; tips of the posterior tibiae and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen
much contracted at base, the first segment small and globose, immacu-
late, except a fulvous dot on the apical middle ; second segment with a
broad, continuous, yellow baud; third segment with a short transverse
yellow line on each extreme side ; the three following segments with a
narrow subapical yellow band ; venter black, obsoletely banded with
obscure testaceous. Length B] lines; expanse of wings 6 lines.

//„/^. — Louisiana. (iMr. Kobert Kennicott.) Coll. Ent. 8oc. Philad.

One % specimen ; 9 unknown.

25. Cerceris insolita. n. sp.

Black; face, scape in front, two spots on collar, band on scutellum, tegulse.
most of legs, aud bands on abdominal segments except the second and last.
yellow: wings hyaline, costa fuliginous.

]/,,/,-. — Black, closely and deeply punctured, thinly clothed with an
erect, palish pubescence; the face entirely, middle of mandibles, and
the scape in front, yellow; antennae blackish, fulvous at base and be-
neath. Thorax: a transverse spot on each side of the collar, tegulae,
broad transverse line on the scutellum, and a subobsolete dot on each
side of the metathorax, yellow; the postscutellum and basal space of
the metathorax, almost impunctate, shining. Wings hyaline, iridescent,
with the apical half of the costa fuliginous ; nervures fusco-ferruginous.
Legs yellow ; the four anterior femora behind, except tips, blackish, pos-
terior pair ferruginous, tips of their tibife and tarsi fuscous. Abdomen
with a broad, continuous, yellow band on each of the first and second
segments; the fourth and two following segments have each a very
narrow, subapical, yellow fascia; beneath, the third segment has a
narrow yellow band, and the two following segments a lateral spot.
Length 4 lines; expanse of wings 6J lines

//„/,._Illinois. (Dr. Samuel Lewis.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

One S specimen ; 9 unknown. Resembles the preceding but distinct
by the yellow face, the color of the legs, and the immaculate second
abdominal .se>;ment.

The following species are unknown to me : —

2.0. Cerceris frontata. Say.

Cerceris frontata. Say, West. Quar. Rep. ii. p. SO. 9-

•• Nasus elevated ; body pale rufous ; tergum yellow with rufous in-
cisures.

■' Inhabits Arkansa.

" Body pale rufous ; antennae and mandibles black at tip ; front pale
yellow ; nasus elevated at tip from the clypeus, widely emarginated

130 [August

and densely ciliated on the anterior edge, lobes acute ; clypeus four-
toothed at tip ; wings dusky blackish on the posterior margin ; wino--
scale and double line on the scutel yellow ; tergum yellow ; incisures
reddish-brown.

" Length of the body nine-tenths of an inch.

" The specimen is a female, remarkable by the prominence of the
nasal portion of the face, a character which was also pointed out by
Ijatreille, in a species which he called Cerceris aurita, which insect he
observed to nourish its young, with insects of the Linnean genus
CurcuUoy

27. Cerceris bidentata, Say.

Cerceris bidentata, Say, West. Quar. Eep. ii, p. 80, 9-

" Lateral lobes of the clypeus each elevated into a prominent spine :
anterior margin of the superior wings dusky.

" Inhabits Arkansa.

" Body pale yellowish; head behind the eyes and above, and base of
the antennae, rufous; antennae black at tip; front concave, lateral
lobes of the clypeus each with a conic prominence perpendicular to the
surface ; mandibles black at tip ; thorax rufous on the principal seg-
ment; superior A'ings blackish on the anterior margin, the costal ner-
vure tinged with yellowish in the middle : tergum incisures reddish-
brown ; segments each with a transverse groove on the middle.

" Length less than three-fifths of an inch.

" In general color, very much resembles the preceding species, from
which it may be distinguished by its much smaller size, and by the
two remarkable spines or tubercles situated on the lateral lobes of the
clypeus. The specimen is also a female."

28. Cerceris verticalis. Smith.

Cerceris verticalis, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv, p. 466.
" Female. Length 6 lines. — Black, thickly punctured ; the head
ferruginous behind the eyes; the scape and second joint of the flagel-
lum ferruginous ; the face below the antennae yellow ; the margins of
the clypeus black ; the mandibles ferruginous, their extreme base yel-
low. Thorax : the collar yellow, interrupted in the middle by a ferru-
ginous spot, the post-scutellum and a spot on the tegulae yellow ; a
large ferruginous blotch on each side of the metathorax ; the wings
smoky-hyaline ; the legs ferruginous. x\bdouieu : the basal segment
ferruginous, with a minute yellow spot on each side; the second seg-
ment yellow, with the basal margin and a produced quadrate spot in
the middle ferruginous; the margins of the fo]lowin<>' segments with

1865.] _ 131

a narrow band which is widened at the sides ; beneath, rufo-piceous,

brightest at the base.

" Hdh. — Georgia."

29. Cerceris elegans, Smith.

Cerceris elegans, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv, p. 467.

'•'■Male. Length 3 lines. — Black, coarsely punctured; the face be-
low the antennae, the scape in .front, and the mandibles, yellow, the
tips of the mandibles ferruginous ; the anterior margin of the clypeus
rounded ; the anterior angles of the face produced into small quadrate
lobes; the flagellum and scape behind ferruginous. Thorax: a spot
on each side of the collar and the tegulas in front yellow; wings smoky-
hyaline and beautifully iridescent; the legs yellow, with the coxae and
the femora at their base more or less rufo-piceous ; the metathorax
very coarsely rugose. Abdomen : the two basal segments ferruginous,
the apical margin of the second segment yellow ; an elongate yellow
spot on each side of the following segments on their apical margins,
the spots widest at the margins of the segments and pointed within.

u //ot._East Florida."

:iO. Cerceris rufo-picta, Smith.

Cerceris rufo-picta, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym. iv, p. 467.

" Male. Length -t lines. — Black, coarsely punctured; the face yellow
below the antennae ; the anterior margin of the clypeus black, crenu-
lated, and angular ; the anterior margin of the face has on each side
an angular filament close to the eye; the mandibles yellow, their tips
ferruginous ; the antennae ferruginous; the flagellum fuscous above to-
wards the apex, the apex pale. The prothorax, tegulfe, scutellum,
postscutellum, with sometimes a spot on each side, and the legs, ferru-
ginous; the wings fusco-hyaline, the apical margins of the anterior
winsis darkest. Abdomen : the two basal segments ferruginous ; the
apical margin of the third with a narrow ferruginous band ; the fourth
and following segments more or less banded at the sides with ferrugi-
nous or sometimes with reddish-yellow.

"J5a6.— East Florida."

.31. Cerceris Dufourii, Guer.

Cerceris Dufourii, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anira. iii, p. 444.
" Black ; front of the head, base of the mandibles, and the first
joint of the antennae in front, yellow. Antennae black, with the first
half fulvous. . Two small fulvous spots on the posterior margin of the
prothorax ; tegulaj and margin of the scutellum, yellow. First segment
of the abdomen fulvous ; the second fulvous, with a large yellow mar-
gin, hollowed out in the middle, and separated from the preceding by

»

132 [August

black ; the others black, narrowly margined with yellow, and the last
segment fulvous, with a black spot on the middle, and ciliated on each
side with long golden hairs. Wings slightly tinged with yellowish-
brown, with the extremity margined with deeper brown. Legs fulvous,
with the external margin of the tibias and the tarsi, yellow. Length
16 mill.

" //a6.— New Orleans."

Tbis seems closely allied to G. venntor nob., and may be identical
with it. The legs are, however, somewhat differently colored.

32. Cerceris laevigata, Smith.

Cerceris laevigata, Smith, Brit. Mus. Cat. Hym.. iv, p. 465.

" Fcmidf. Length 4 lines. — Black and very delicately punctured ;
the face, base of the mandibles, and a line behind the eyes, yellow ;
the flagellum fulvous beneath. Thorax : the collar, tubercles, a spot
beneath the wings, the scutellum, and an oblong macula on each side
of the postscutellum, yellow; the anterior and intermediate tibiae, and
the posterior pair at their base, yellow ; the anterior tarsi yellow, with
the apical joints slightly ferruginous, the intermediate and posterior
pair fusco-ferruginous ; wings slightly colored, with a fuscous cloud
on the anterior margin of the superior pair. Abdomen very delicately
and sparingly punctured and shining; the first segment with its apical
margin yellow, a slight notch in the middle of the band; the second,
third and fourth segments with a yellow fascia on their apical margins,
very much attenuated in the middle and widened at the sides.

" The male has a yellow band on the first and four followins, seu-
ments.

" H<d>. — 8t. Domingo."

33. Cerceris Perboscii, Guer.

Cerceris Perboscii, Guer. Icon. Eeg..Vnim. iii, p. 444.

"Black ; front of the head yellow, with two black circles, one above
the other, forming a figure 8. Antennae black, with the base brown.
Two small yellow lines on the posterior margin of the prothorax ; teg-
ulae black, the anterior margin yellow ; a small yellow obli(jue spot on
each side of the mesothorax ; scutellum yellow, metathorax broadly
margined on each side with yellow, and with two oblong spots of the
same color on the middle. First and third segments of the abdomen
broadly margined behind with yellow. Wings transparent; the ante-
rior half of superior pair, as well as base and tip, obscure brown. Legs
black, with the front of the four anterior tibijx) yellow. Jjongth 8 mill.

" Hah. — Bay of Campeche."

1S65.]

133

NORTH AMERICAN MI C RO-L E P I D 0 P TE R A.

BY BRACKENRIDGE CLEMENS, M. D.
{Communicated Aug. 14, 1865.)

TOIITRICID.^.

STIGMaNOTA, Guenee.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Aug. ISGU. p. l]j\.
Fore-wings witli a curved blotch or luuule on the dorsal margin.

The blotch bearing three lines or streaks tristrigana.

The blotch bearing one streak interstinctana.

Stigmonota tristrigana. n.s. — Fore-wings blackish-brown, costa pale-yellow
from near the base of the wing to the tip, with eight blackish, oblique streaks
and four bluish metallic spots adjoining the yellowish costal stripe. On the mid-
dle of the dorsal margin is a large pale-yellow blotch containing three blackish
lines, with a bluish metallic spot above it in the middle of the wing, and a semi-
I)and between it and the hinder margin. Hind wings dxrk brown.
Coll. Eat. Soc. Pliiladelpliia. — Virginia.

SERICORIS, Treit.
Exartema, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Aug. 1860, p. 356.

The want of i good systematic work and European generic types
renders classification in this family a work of much labor. I was not,
however, convinced when I described the group Exartema, that it
would be tenable as a ncAV one ; for it was the peculiar outline of the
inner margin of the hinder wings, and the appendage attached to them,
that chiefly induced me to describe the imagines included under this
name as forming a new genus.

Upon a review of the subject. I think there is no doubt of the cor-
rectness of the present location of the insects included in this group.
I have not enough specimens to determine whether the appendage
referred to, is common to all the specimens described, or whether it is
.sexual or accidental.

It is difficult to tabulate the described species. Individuals not

only vary considerably in hue, but species apparently distinct approach

each other closely in general color.

. Fore wings with a small white spot in the central fascia on the

end of the disk mutabilana.

Fore wings yellowish, or ferruginous with black dashes and
brown markings.
Fore wings without a small white spot in the central fascia.

Fore wings reddish-brown : markings pure l)rown nitidana.

Fore wings ochreous-brown or dark-brown : central fascia
distinct.

134 [September

"NVith lustrous metallic dots along the markings comscana.

"VS'ith whitish spaces succeeding the basal patch and cen-
tral fascia fasciatana.

"With ochreous spaces succeeding the patch and fascia.

Patch and fascia entire, spaces ochreous white instrutana.

Patch aad fascia triparted, spaces luteous fcedana.

With costa at base ochreous-white. without distinct pale

spaces succeeding fascal patch and central fascia permandana.

Fore wings russet-brown : central fascia not distinct.

Varied with dull leaden stripes towards apex concianana.

Fore wings testaceous or brownisn testaceous.

Costa white at base and along hinder border, or nearly uni-
form testaceous with dull leaden hue versicolorana

Wings nearly concolorous : thorax, costa and spot, at basal

angle ferruginous inornatana.

Fore wings testaceous white.
Concolorous : thorax, costa. spot at basal angle. ferruginou3....inornataTia.
With large basal patch and square patch near the tip. ferru-

giiious gratiosana.

Sericoris comscana. Clem.
Antithesia f comscana, Proc. Acad. Xat, Sci., Aug. 1860, p. 346.

Sericoris gratiosana. n. s. — Fore wings testaceous-white, with a ferruginous
basal parch, having a nearly straight margin, and a large square patch of the
same hue, reaching from the middle of the costa nearly to the tip of the wing
and extended into the middle of the wing, with the outer edge extended as a
stripe to the middle of the hinder margin. The basal patch is slightly dusted
with blackish and the square patch is blackish on its inner edge. At the tip
of the wing is a ferruginous dot and between it and the square patch a few
geminations.

The testaceous portion of the wing is slightly striated. Thorax and head
ferruginous. Hind wings fuscous.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

Sericoris conciiLnaiLa. n. s.— Fore wings russet or ochreous-brown, much va-
ried with brown dots and markings. The basal patch is dark brown and is
well indicated only beneath the middle of the wing and a small spot on the
base of the costa, the middle being of the general hue sprinkled with dark
brown. The central fascia is indicated on the middle of the costa by a dark
testaceous-brown patch and by another of the same hue on the inner margin
and is interrupted in the middle of the wing by the general hue. In the apical
portion of the wing is an oblique ochreous-brown stripe, extended from the
dark patch on the costa to the middle of the inner margin and bordered on
each side by a non-lustrous leaden stripe. The space between this oblique
stripe and the central fascia is sprinkled with brown and somewhat varied dull
leaden streaks. At the tip of the wing is a dark brown spot and the costa is
geminated with pale ochreous and dotted with dark brown. Cilia russet, dark
brown at tip with three brownish spots in the cilia beneath the tip. Hind
wings dark fuscous: cilia pale ochreous.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

1H65] 135

Sericoris mutabilana. n. s. — Fore wings reddish-brown, yellowish or pale-
ochreou;. with reddish -brown or testaceous-brown markings. The basal patch
is angulated and at the base of the wing, shows the general hue. The central
fascia is well marked and on its outer edge in the middle of the wing is a
whitish di-scal dot. There is a subterminal fascia extending from the costa
near the tip to the hinder margin above the anal angle. On the basal patch
and central fascia are short black striae. On each side of the central fascia are
spaces, or bands of the general hue, each having a dark brownish line running
its middle. The costa is spotted with blackish and geminated with vellowish
or pale ochreous.

In the reddish-brown specimen or variety, the pale interspaces are
ochreous on the costa and beneath it. are discolored with reddish.

It is scarcely possible, with the specimens before me to distinguish
the species from the variety, and I therefore forbear to make a conjec-
ture. The description has been written so as to include all the varia-
tions of hue.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

Sericoris instmtaiia, n. s.

This specimen may be a mere variation of fasciatana. The orna-
mentation of the wings is very similar, as well as the color, but the size
of the specimen is much less.

The whitish spaces on each side of the central fascia is more tinted
with ochreous than in fasciatana. The outer margin of the basal patch
,shows two indentations and a central tooth or projection, while in /us-
riatana the outer margin is nearly straight or slightly curved. The
central fascia is very narrow on the costa, d'dating in the middle of the
wing, its exterior margin bulging outwards and is somewhat interrupted
near the inner margin of the wing ; in fasciatana it is broad and dif-
fuse on the costa. In iastrutana the markings of the wings are pure
dark brown, in fa~<ciatana they are testaceous brown.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

Sericoris foedana, n. s.

This specimen, although of much smaller size. xQQiWs permundana ;
but the pale spaces on each side of the central fascia are much broader
m fcedana than m permundana.

Fore wings luteous with brown markings. The basal patch is deeply
divided and forms three patches, the smallest of which is near the costa
and is separated from the other parts. The central fascia is brown and
is likewise divided into three part*;, each of which is narrowly mar-
gined with dull bluLsh edging. The oblique streak from the hinder
margin is brown and edged on both sides with dull-bluish.

136 . [September

It may be that fanhtna^ conclnnana and permunflana really consti-
tute but one species. This must be determined in the future.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.
Sericoris versicolorana, Clem. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Aug. 1860, p. :^57.

This species, which is ordinarily distinguished by the white or yel-
lowish-white costa at the base of the wing and the white sp;ice towards
the hinder margin of the winsr, is represented by a specimen in the
Society's Collection, in which all the white is replaced by pule testace-
ous having in certain lights a dull bluish lustre. I think it is not
necessary to describe it as a distinct species, as to my mind it is evi-
dently a variation.

Doubtless too many species have been created out of the material
that has been before me, but I have been governed entirely by a wish
to notice clearly all the diiferences in individuals belonging tc this
group, and not by a desire to multiply descriptions

LOZOT^NIA; Stephens.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Aug. 1860, p. 346.
The species described heretofore and in the present paper, may be
tabulated as follows :

Fore wings purplish-brown.

Hind wings pale-brownish purpurana.

Fore wings cinnamon or reddish-brown.

Hind wings oehreous near the ajiex Rosaceana.

Hind wings fuscous fervidana.

Fore wings oehreous.

Hind wings dark-fuscous fractivittana.

Hind wings pale-ochreous vesperana.

Fore wings gray fuscolineana.

Lozotaenia vesperana. n. s. — Fore wings oehreous. with three oehreous brown
spots, two along the costa near the middle and one on the inner margin of the
wing beneath the costal spots. The wings are striated with numerous, short
ochreous-brown lines. Hind wings pale-ochreous.

Thorax, head and labial palpi ochreous-brown.
Col. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

Lozotaenia purpurana, n. s. — Fore wings dull purplish-brown, with the costa
at the excised portion behind the tip, touched narrowly with pure bright
brown. The hinder portion of the wing ochreous-brown, containing two slen-
der dark brown lines which are parallel to the hinder margin. The basal pateli
is not distinct. The central fascia, obliijue and dark purplish-brown. Hind
wings pale-brownish, touched externally with fuscous.
Author's Collection.

Lozotaenia fractivittana, n. s. — -Fore wings oehreous. discolored towards the
base, witli lii-i)wnish. (Ju the costa are two dark brown spots, one about tlif.
middle of the costa, obliquely opposite to which on thi^ inner margin near tlu'

1865.] 137

anal angle is a large spot of the same hue. The other costal spot is elongated
and placed on the costa near the tip of tlie wing. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Col. Knt. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

Lozotsnia fuscolineana. n. s.— Fore wings gray, slightly clouded with dark
fuscous towards the tip and at the base, and marbled with blackish brown lines
especially towards the tip. The basal patch is well marked by two parallel,
blackish-brown, angulated lines. The central fascia, which is nearly trans-
verse is dark-brown, and margined on each side by a blackish-brown line.
The gray space on the basal side of the central fascia, has a slender, central
blackish-brown line. The space exterior to the central fascia is clouded with
fuscous, except a gray space above the anal angle and varied with delicate
blackish-brown lines. Hind wings grayish-fuscous.

I think this imago can scarcely belong to tliis genus, but there is no
other known to me in which it can be placed with more propriety.
The costa is regularly arched from the base to the tip of the wing,
with the costal fold not appressed. The apex of the wing is not pro-
duced upwards and the hinder margin is obliquely rounded. Inde-
pendent of other considerations, the costal fold is not broad enough, to
suggest the probability of its belonging to Ptt/cJioloma, and this and
the present one are the only genera amongst the Plicatse, known to
ine, in which it can be placed.

Coll. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

XANTHOSETIA. Steph.
Xanthosetia albicomana. n. s. — Fore wings bright lemon-yellow, tinted espe-
cially towards the tip of the wing with reddish. From the base of the wing a
reddish band set with lustrous scales, curves along the costa to the middle of
the wing, leaving a lemon-yellow space at the base beneath the costa. Bej'ond
the middle of the costa is an oblique band of the same hue likewise sjM-inkled
with lustrous scales, and along the margin of the wing is a deep i-cddish stripe
bearing lustrous points. Cilia lemon-yellow. Hind wings whitish. Head,
thorax and labial palpi white.

Coll. Eut. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

STEGANOPTYCHA, Steph.
Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., Dec. istu, p. .Jl'J.

Fore wings pale-yellowish Ochreana.

Fore wings white, varied with blackisli-brown variana.

Fore wings dark-brown or copperish-brown.

Ocelloid spot silvery, with three black dashes crispana.

Ocelloid spot ochreous, with one black dasli flavocellana.

Steganoptycha crispana, n. s. — Fore wings dark-lirown, varied with l)lackisli-
browu striations. The costa from the base of the wing to the tip, is striated
with t)lackish-brown and beyond the middle is geminated with pale ochreous,
the last gemination at the tip being largo, white and with a silvery streak,
edged on each side with brassy lines beneath it. Ocelloid spot .silvery with a
pale ochreous center, bearing three black dashes. Hind wings dark, fuscous.
Author's Collection.

138 [September

Steganoptycha flavocellana. n. s. — Fore wings copperish-brown. The costa is
striated from the middle to the tip with dark brown, the geminations faint and
dull ochreous, those near the tip forming a dull ochreous spot. One of the cos-
tal strise, which is dark-brown or luteous-brown, is extended very obliquely
from the apical third of the wing to the hinder margin and curves behind the
ocelloid spot. The ocelloid spot is pale ochreous, with a dull silvery spot along
its inner margin and a small one on its upper, outer margin, with a black, cen-
tral dash, and one on its costal edge. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Author's Collection.

Other specimens from Virginia, in Col. Ent. Soc. Philad., and one

in my own, are not more than half the size of the imago described.

Their general hue is paler than the specimen I have chosen for the

typical one.

TORTRIX, Treit.

Tortrix lutosana, n. s. — Fore wings ochreous, or pale-ochreous. The basal
patch is scarcely indicated, but the wing at the base is more or less speckled
with dark brownish. The central fascia is well indicated and is dark-brown
from the costa to the middle of the wing, and thence to the dorsal margin red-
dish-brown. Between the central fascia and the tip of the wing, is a dark
brown costal spot. The terminal portion of the wing is of the general hue.
Hind wings pale-fuscous.

In the dark specimens the general color of the wing is whitish, particularly
towards the terminal margin and the basal patch is indicated and more or less
defined by dark brownish lines.

Col. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia. — Virginia, and Author's Collection.

Tortrix incertana, n. s. — Fore wings cinnamon-brown ; along the hinder mar-
gin pale ochreous. The basal patch is not indicated. The central fascia is
broad, reddish-brown and on the dorsal margin interior to the central fascia,
is a small, semi-oval dark ochreous spot, and the dorsal margin thence to the
base is discolored with dark-brownish. The subapical patch on the costa is
dark brown and beneath it. in the ochreous portion of the wing is a testaceous-
brown spot. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Author's Collection.

These species are of small size, and were it not for the fact that the
costal fold is absent, they might with propriety be included in Lozo-
fsenia.

The following species, I acknowledge frankly, I am unable to locate.
It belongs to the family or group, Tortriciifse, but I cannot satisfy my-
self that it is a member of any genus in thij? group. The only work T
have that treats of the Tortricina, is Mr. Wilkinson's British Tortrices,
and his generic diagnoses are so peculiarly written, his tables of genera
founded upon a fanciful comparison of the length of the middle joint
of the labial palpi with the apical joint, that the location of a specimen
is very troublesome and diifieult. At some subsequent day, I will review
what I have done in this group, as soon us T can obtain types of European

1865.] ' 139

genera and thus correct the numerous errors I have doubtless commit-
ted, by describing new generic groups, when genera have ah-eady been
created into which they could have been received and of which I have
no knowledge.

Therefore, rather than describe the following insect under a new
generic name, I prefer to place it here provisionally.

Tortrix! fumiferana. — Fore wings brown, varied with dark brown, short
strise. The basal patch is indicated by dark brown strife, but the central fascia
is not indicated. Following the basal patch is a grayish-brown space having
a shining lustre; its exterior edge is irregular and it widens towards the dorsal
margin, where it bears short, dark-brown strise. About the middle of the costa
is a round spot of the same hue and lustre, and along the terminal margin is a
stripe with irregular margins, of the same hue and lustre bordered on each side
with dark brown.

Sometimes the grayish-lustre is absent on the markings, which are then
sim2)ly of a paler brown than the general hue. Hind wings dark fuscous.
Col. YjuL Soc. Philadelphia. — A'irginia.

HALONOTA, Steph.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Aug. 1860, p. 357.
Halonota tautana, n. s. — Fore wings dark brown, having a coppery hue. The
basal patch is large and well defined, and of the general hue. It is limited
exteriorly by the dorsal blotch which is grayish with a violet hue, and is con-
nected with the first geminated costal streak, containing a short, brownish
line. Thence to the apex, the costa is streaked alternately with brownish and
geminated with lustrous gray. Exterior to the dorsal blotch are two lustrous
gray, transverse streaks. The hinder margin is sjjotted with black. Hind
wings fuscous, with a coppery hue.

Coll. Eut. Soc. Philadelphia. — -A^irginia.

LEPTORIS,* n. gen.
Hind wings rather broader than fore wings, costa slightly arched in
the middle, apex somewhat acute, apical margin slightly concave.

The costal and subcostal veins have a common base.
The branches of the subcostal are divergent from the
origin of the discal, wliich is regularly curved. Me-
dian vein 4-branched, three of which are rather ag-
gregated, the posterior remote.

Fore wings, costa not dilated at the base, regularly
arched; apex acute; apical margin slightly excavated

„ -. , ^ -r , and oblique; anal angle rounded. The branches of
6 a. Head of L. ore- ^ ' . .

viornata/ia. the subcostal are e((uidistant. the apical, furcate,

ti b. Fore wing. i i i .i- i • i i i

6 c, Hind wing. 1 he antenntxj are doubly ciliated, with rather long

hairs. The labial palpi are smooth, exceed the face by nearly twice

*• XcTTTOj tenuis, and pis nasus.

140 [September

the length of the head, rather slender, porrected, thickest opposite the
face, thence suddenly convex and tapering to the tip, with the margin
beneath slightly concave.

Leptoris breviornatana. — Fore wings tawny-yellow, with the veins and ner-
vules brown, and with brown strise beneath the nervules. An oblique brown
band arises on the basal third of the costa, and runs to the middle of the dorsal
margin, but does not reach it. On the costa, over the subcostal nervules, is a
brown patch, striated with darker brown. Extreme apical margin brown, cilia
tawny. Hind wings pale yellowish-white. Head and labial palpi dark brownish.
Coll. Ent. See. Philadelphia. — Virginia.

SMICROTES.

Costa ivith a slight fold at the base in the % ,

Smicrotes virescana. — Fore wings greenish-yellow. Costa at the base touched
with brown, with two testaceous spots on the costa, one about the middle and
the other midway between it and the tiis of the wing. The first costal spot is
faintly extended across the wing as a yellowish band and the space between
the spots is of a somewhat lighter hue than the rest of the wing. Hind wings
grayish fuscous.

Author's Collection.

MIXODIA?

Mixodia ? intermistana. — Fore wings blackish-brown varied with whitisli
that is much clouded and speckled with blackish-brown. The basal patch is
indicated with tolerable distinctness, is blackish-brown, and angulated over
the base of the disk. The central fascia, blackish-brown, of irregular form,
contracted in the middle, expanded on the dorsal margin, and contains, about
the end of the disk, a rather conspicuous white spot. The si^ace between the
basal patch and central fascia is grayish, much olouded with dark brown. Ex-
terior to the central fascia the wing is sprinkled with white and at the anal
angle is a white patch, speckled with dark brownish. The costa is geminated
with white: the geminations are rather large from the middle to the tip. Thi-
white geminations are separated by blackish-brown spots. Cilia dark-brown,
speckled with white especially beneath the tip. Hind wings grayish fuscous.

Author's Collection.

SIDEREA ?
Siderea T nubilana. — Fore wings brown, with dark brown markings. The
basal i)atfh is indicated by a dark brown angulated line and the central fascia,
by an irregular dark brown band which becomes oclireous-brown in the mid-
dle of the wing and seems to be separated from a conspicuous dark brown tri-
angular patch near the dorsal margin, which is edged narrowly with oehreous.
In the space between the basal patch and central fascia in the fold of the
wing, is a dark brown spot. Near the anal angle is a dark brown, obliquely
placed stripe, and one of the same hue above it. The costal space above these
stripes is oehreous.

ETJRYPTYCHIA.* n. gen.
Hind wings broader than fore wings. Costal and subcostal veins
with a couunon origin ; branches of subcostal conniveut. Median vein
4-branched, three of which aggregated, the two central ones from a
common base.

* evpvs latus, Trrvxri plicatura.

lS6o.]

141

Fore win>^s icifh a broad fold, extending to the middle of the costa,
closely appro^sed; at least three times longer than broad; costa straight,
tip moderately acute, apical margin rounded. The nervules given off
from the posterior end of the cell are bent towards each other, or are
somewhat aggregated.

Head smooth, with o(?elli at base of antennae. Antennae filiform,
simple. Labial palpi '' ■ not exceed the face, are curved, smooth, rather
slender, expanded towards the tip, the apical joint scarcely perceptible,
except in iVout.

EuryptycMa saligneana. — Fore wings white tinted with yellowish. The ba-
sal patch is dark brown. The wing beyond the basal patch is nearly white
varied with leaden-colored speckles and striped over the nervules with dull,
leaden-gray, transverse stripes, two of which near the anal angle form a white
ocelloid patch. Immediately interior to the ocelloid patch is a small black
spot, having a line of black atoms running into it, from above and beneath.
Below the apex, on the hind margin, is a triangular brown patch which is va-
ried with grayish and dotted with black in the middle and along the inner
edge. The costa is geminated with white and striped with brown. Hind wings
dark fuscous.

I have before me a single specimen of the above insect, received
from my esteemed friend Benj. D. Walsh of llock Island. It was
bred by Mr. Walsh from a willow gall, a year or two ago. I have un-
fortunately mislaid the letter in which his account of it is written.

The imago appears to me to differ from all the genera of Plicatse to
a de»;ree that warrants me to describe it as a new genera.

■'o

CALLIMOSEMA,* n. gen.
Fore w'ings narrow, with a very large ocelloid spot, nearly three
times longer than broad across the anal angle; costa nearly straight ;

apex rather acute, apical margin obliquely round-

a0C

ed. Hind wings broader than the fore wiuo;s.
^a. ^^ Neuratiou, as in loplocama.

Head small, smooth. Antennae filiform simple.
ii»LJ2*. ^^ Ifi""' Labial palpi, porrected, exceeding the face by

one-half their length, nearly cylindrical, but ex-
hilana. ' panded towards the tip and clothed with rather

8 a, Headof^Mry^jiycAiajQQo- scales beneath; apical joint scarcely per-
mligneana. ^_ ^ i J J f

9 a, liead of Callimosema ceptible.

scintillaaa. In /m^/'ofv/j^ia the wings are broader ; the costa

10 a, Head oi loplocama i " ; ^

formosana. of the fore wings dilated at the base. The labial

11 a. Head of Carpocapsa , . , , , i i n i .
pomonella. palpi are broad, porrected. exceed the tace by at

least one-half of their length, are much excised opposite the face, nearly

* Xa)Ainoi pulcherrimus, (tij/^c signum.

142 [September

straight beneath, broad and much expanded beyond the face and
clothed above and beneath with Ion"- scales.

In Carpocapsa the wings are broader than in Callhnosema ; the
abial palpi are cylindrical, exceed the face but little, closely scaled,
curved and ascending, the apical joint very distinct.

It is probable that CalUsnoAema or Ltplorama may be identical or
nearly so with the European genus Grapholita, but both diiFer from it
in having the apical branch of the subcostal vein of the fore wings
mpli and in the furcate medio-central nervule of the hind wings.

Callimosema scintillana. — Fore wings pale yellowish, abundantly dusted
along the costa and inner margin with dark fuscous. From the base nearly to
the middle of the wing, proceeds a pale yellow basal stripe along the disk,
which terminates in a silvery spot. On the costa from the middle of the wing
to the tip are four equidistant pale yellow costal streaks, the first of which is
transverse and ends in the middle of the wing in a silvery spot, the last near
the tip is extended into a silvery line. From the silvery spot of the basal
streak proceeds a broad ochreous stripe which widens as it proceeds to the
hinder margin, and contains between the first and last costal streaks, a very
large ocelloid spot; the costal half of this is jsale-yellow. margined with silver}'
and striated with dark fuscous lines: the dorsal half consists of three large
raised silvery spots, the center one having three black spots on each side, the
one nearest the hinder margin of the wing, three on its basal side, and that
nearest the base of the wing, three externally and two internally. Cilia pale-
yellow, dusted with fuscous. Hind wings dark fuscous, cilia pale yellowish.

Author's Collection.

A pair of scinfilkma was taken several years ago on a grass plat,
beneath a pear tree. One of them was unfortunately destroyed, by an
accident. I have searched in every successive year for other speci-
mens, and up to the present time have not found them.

TINEINA.

BATKACHEDKA, Stainton.
Hind wings very narrow, pointed ; costa rather concave from the
tip to near the base, vJwre there is a projectiitg tu/t, inner margin con-
cave. The subcostal vein is simple, runs very near
the costa and reaches it beyond the middle of the
:.wing. The median vein is simple and runs nearly
parallel to the inner margin and enters it nearly op-
posite the costal termination of the subcostal vein ;
between these, in the middle of tlie wing, originates
an independent discal branch, wliich is obscurely fur-
cate, its longest branch being lost before it reaches
the apex of the wing. There are two folds on the wing which resemble

ISGo] 143

veins, one above and parallel to the median vein, the other, above and
parallel to the discal branch.

Fore wings elongate-lanceolate. Tlie discoidal cell Is ohliqueli/ placed
in the wing^ its lower angle approaching very near the dorsal margin
of the wing. The subcostal vein is arched, and gives off a long, oblique,
marginal branch from behind the middle of the wing, one at the supe-
rior angle of the cell and one intermediate. A very short and indis-
tinct vein closes the cell posteriorly, and two indistinct apical veins
succeed the third subcosto-niarginal branch, one of which is delivered
to the tip and the other to the costa behind the tip.

The median vein is 3-branched, the two superior branches sometimes
from a common base and the posterior branch extremely short and in-
distinct; thence the median, runs obliquely and direct to the base.
T-he submedian is indistinctly forked at its base.

Head smooth, without ocelli. Antennae rather more than one-half
as long as fore wings, setaceous, joints thickly set, without hairs; the
basal joint, short. Labial palpi moderately long, recurved, acute ;
second joint compressed, subclavate. Tongue moderate, clothed with
scales.

Batrachedra salicipomonella. — Fore wings fuscous, with a rather broad whit-
ish stripe, freely dusted with fuscous, running through the middle of the wing,
from the base and along the ajiical margin to the tip. Near the basal third of
the wing on the dorsal edge of the whitish stripe is an elongate, blackish-brown
spot, and from the middle of the wing towards the tip, it is edged on its costal
side by a hlacki-sh-brown line which contains sometimes a spot of the same hue.
The apical portion of the stripe is more freely dusted with fuscous than the
other portions. Cilia fuscous. Hind wings fuscous, cilia paler.

Antennae dark fuscous, without white annulations, except near the tip. Head
fuscous above, face white. Labial palpi dark fuscous ; second joint, with a
■white ring at the extreme tip, sometimes white at the base, with a broad fus-
cous ring near the tip; terminal joint fuscous, with a more or less distinct
whitish central ring and the extreme tip whitish.

This is a very interesting ■•micro," not only in consequence of the
specific resemblance it bears t(j the European Batrachedra prsean-
gusta, but of the discovery of its larva by one of our most gifted and
promising entomologists, Mr. Benj. D. Walsh of Rock Island, 111.

In the note which accompanied the perfect insects, Mr. Walsh
writes: "I enclose herewith several specimens of a moth, bred from
the Tenthrediniduus gall Salicls jjomum Walsh MS., and a single one
from the Cecidomyiadous gall *S^. rhodoides Walsh. This is the insect
that 1 think I mentioned to you as being very prettily marked in the
larva state, each segment having a broad, black band and the ground
color being whitish. I had a single one come out last summer, but

144 [September

the great bulk of them hybernated either in larva or pupa state and
came out May 8th — 20th. They vary but little. I have beaten larvae
of very similar appearance off oak trees."

So far as I am informed, the larvae is unknown to European lepidop-
terists, although it is recorded that the perfect insect, prseanguAta, is
very common among willows and poplars in July, and may frequently
be observed sitting on the trunks of those trees with the anterior feet
put back, like BedeUln^ and the head raised a little.

Mr. Walsh has the honor of having made an interesting discovery,
that puts an end to all uncertainty respecting the larva and its food
plants.

In a subsequent letter Mr. Walsh kindly supplied me with the follow-
ing description of the larva :

" Length .20 inch. Body tapering at each end, opaque, milky-
whitish, with a few short, whitish hairs. The first segment behind the
head, with an obsemicircular, shining, glabrous, brown, dorsal shield;
second segment with an interrupted, opaque brown, dorsal band on its
anterior edge, the interruption occupying about one-third of the band;
segments 3—12 with an uninterrupted opaque brown, dorsal band on
the anterior edge, and segment eleventh with a similar band at its tip
also. Head yellowish. Legs and venter immaculate, whitish. Legs
six, prelegs ten, normally arranged. Spins a thread, wriggles much
when disturbed and runs backwards with great agility.

" This larva occurred in abundance Aug. 2ord, and subsequently in
the Tenthredinidous gall, S. po77iuni Walsh MS., which grows on the
leaves of Salix cordata. Each gall contained but a single larva, unac-
companied by the larva of the JVematus which makes the gall, which
it must consequently have destroyed or starved out, either in the egg
or in the larva state.

" A single imago came out in the autumn of the same year, but the
great bulk of them came out next spring, May 8 — 2U, from galls kept
through the winter. There can be no doubt of the correlation of larva
and imago, because no other lepidopterous larva or imago occurred in
the gall S. pomum, though I had three or four hundred of them in
my breeding vase. The insect must hybernate normally in the larva
state, for I noticed numbers of them in the spring crawling about
among the galls. In a state of confinement, it generally retires to the
inside of the gall to assume the pupa state, though I noticed one or
two cocoons spun among the galls. Probably in a state of nature it
hybernates in the gall, comes out of it in the spring and spins its co-
coon amongst dry leaves and rubbish.

1865.] 145

CI

I also bred a single imago of this same species, ISIay 11th, from
the Cecidomyidous gall S. rlwdohhs Walsh, from galls kept through
the winter, and I found in the spring a denuded imago uf what was
apparently the same species, dead and dry amongst a lot of Tenthredi-
nidous galls, S. ih'smod lodes Walsh MS., which is closely allied to *S'.
pomum, but occurs on the leaves of a very distinct species of willow.
Thus we have three diflFerent willow-galls inhabited by the same moth,
two of them made by saw-flies and one by a gall-gnat.

" I have several times beaten off black-oak trees larvae apparently
very similar to this Batnuhrdra, and with the same harlequin-like
markings, but whether the two are specifically identical, I cannot say."

GRACILARIA, Zell.
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Jau. ISOO, p. 6. Proe. Ent. Soc. Philad. Id. March, 1863,
Id. Dec. 1864, p. 505.

I wish to redescribe and change the name of a species, whose history
I have ascertained, and which I have recently bred. The first descrip-
tion was drawn from a rather worn specimen, but in the main, is cor-
rect. In order that the species heretofore described may be more
readily distinguished, I have tabulated them as follows :

Legs with white tibiae.

F.w. costal half-yellow; dorsal, purple, with central black

dot Desmodifoliella.

Legs without white tibise.

F. w. with a yellow, trigonal, costal mark.
Mark large, extended to tip of wing.

F. w. reddish-violet : mark distinct, single; base of

inner margin yellow superbifrontella-

F. w. dark purjile; mark indistinctly double ; base

of inner margin dark purple Blandella.

Mark small; f. w. purplish, with costal spots coroniella.

F. w. with fasciaform, white markings.

Markings broad ; with exterior costal spots fulgidella.

Markings narrow, without costal spots.

With four equidistant streaks venustella.

With one long costal and dorsal streak near the

tip of wing strigifinitella.

Gracilaria Desmodifoliella. — G. violacella. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., .Tan. l.'^liO, p. 7. —
The costal half of the fore wings, limited by the fold, is yellow; thedorsal half,
purple and the edge of the latter curves to the costa a little interior to the tip
of the wing. In the middle of the wing, on the edge of the purj)lish portion, is
a black dot, and the costa along the middle has a few dots of the same hue. but
not so consjiicuous. Cilia j)urplish. Hind wings dark fuscous; cilia the same.

Head and antennfe purplish. Face white. Labial pal]ii white, with the
ends of the middle and terminal joints touched with hiown. Hinder pair of
legs yellowish ; middle and anterior purplish-bruwn, with white lursi.

146 [September

NEPTICULA, Zell.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., June. 1860, p. 214. Proe. Ent. Soc. Philad.,
March 1862, p. 149. Id. Nov. 1861, p. 82. Id. Jan. 1862, p. 133.

Since the foregoing pages were written, I have been successful in
rearing jV. saglncJIa from leaves of oaks, collected during the latter
part of July; and I am therefore able to say definitely, that while the
nepticuliform mines in the leaves of the chestnut maij be produced
by the larva of Bucculatrix fri/dsc if/hi, those in the leaves of oaks
are certainly the work of a Nepticula miner.

The mines in chestnut leaves are shorther than those on oak leaves,
although very similar in appearance. The following is a table of the
species described to the present time.
Fore wings without spots or iascise.

Pale ochreous, dusted with blackish-brown saginella.

T. w. with a white spot and a costal streak.

Dark brown Platanella.

F. w. with pale or silvery fascire.

Blackish-brown; fascia median, curved Eubifoliella.

Purplish-fuscous; fascia oblique, rather broad fuscotibiella.

Bronzy-green: with two fascise bifasciella.

. Nepticula saginella.— Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., Nov. 1861, p. 85. — -Fore wings
pale ochreous, sprinkled or dusted freely, with blackish-brown, over the entire
surface. Cilia ochreous, slightly clothed with blackish-brown. Head and face
blackish-brown. Eye-caps ochreous.

The larvaj were taken nearly half fed in leaves of black oak, on the
29th of July, and at this date most of the mines are abandoned. The
larva is brisiht-green with a central dark-green line of ino-esta. Head
slightly touched with brownish.

The mine is a serpentine, rather short tract, which, when occupied
or recent, is white and nearly transparent, with a narrow, very black
central frass line. It is frequently bent or curved as the larva ap-
proaches maturity. The cocoouet is yellowish-white. Both the imago
and larva are very small.

Upon the authority of Mr. H. T. Stainton, for which I feel the high-
est respect, " the six anterior legs so universally present in Lepidopte-
rous larvae are wanting in Nepticula larvae, and are replaced by mem-
branous processes or prolegs;" each of the remaining segments are fur-
nished with a pair of prolegs making eighteen in all. I find after a
careful examination, that counting the head as the first segment, in
lY. saginella, the third and fourth have a pair of legs, the fifth segment
is without any, and the six following segments are each supplied with
a pair of prolegs. So that the formula for the legs of iV. saginella

J.

would stand thus, making sixteen in all :

■2 6

1865.] 147

I have not yet examined the neuration of N. saginella and it may be
that it is a Trifurcula. An examination necessitates the destruction
of the minute specimen, and I wish to defer it until I have secured
others. It appears to me, however, that the eyecaps are too large to
permit saginella to remain amongst the Nepticulte. The larvae of
Trifurcula are entirely unknown, so that one can receive no assistance
in classification from a knowledge of their habits.

BUCCULATRIX, Zeller.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Jan. 1860, p. 1.3; June, 1860, p. 211.
Eucculatrix trifasciella. — Fore wings ochreous, with three silvery, equidis-
tant, costal streaks, tlie first near the base, the last at the beginning of tlie
apical cilia, with the spaces between them somewhat darker than the general
hue. On the middle of the dorsal margin is a spot of blackish-brown, with a
patch of dispersed scales of the same hue, exterior to it. limited externally by
a silvery dorsal streak. At the extreme tip is a small blackish-brown spot,
with an intercilial line of the same hue exterior to it. Cilia ochreous. Hind
wings fuscous ; cilia the same.

Antennae fuscous. Head ochreous ; eye-caps somewhat silvery-white.
The cocoonet of this species was found on the leaf of a chestnut
tree early in July. The cocoon is elongated, ribbed externally and
dark gray. The imago appeared in the latter part of July.

The leaves of chestnut is mined early in the season b}' a larva that
1 have regarded as a Nepticula from the characters of the mine, but I
am now disposed to think that the mine is made by the larva of trifas-
ciella during its early life. This mine is noticed in the Proceedings
for November, 18G1, p. 85, under Nepticula saginella.

INCURVARIA, Haw.
Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci., Jan. 1860, p. 5.
Fore and hind wings lanceolate, pointed. Fore wings, subcostal vein with three
branches near the end of the disk ; apical branch furcate near its base; discal ner-
vules, two. Hind lomgs. subcostal vein furcate ; discal nervule, one.

Incurvaria mediostriatella. — Fore wings, irridesceut bluish-purple, with a
broad golden stripe from the base to the middle of the dorsal margin, leaving
a stripe of the general hue on the base of the dorsal margin, and with a rather
broad, obliquely placed costal streak, of the same hue, at the beginning of the
apical cilia. The cilia are intermixed with golden scales. Hind wings red-
dish-purple, cilia fuscous. Antennae and head pale-yellowish.
Taken on wing, in damp woods, the latter part of July.
This species diifers in some respects from both russatella and Aceri-
foliclla and from the European typical species. The antenna) are
nearly if not fjuite as long as the fore wings, and perhaps in the future
it may be necessary to create a new group for its reception. I have
not deemed this advisable at present, as its oral parts are quite identical
with those of the genus.
East on, Pennsylvania.

148 . [September

description of a new species of limenitis.

by wm. h. edwards, newburgii, n. y.

{Communicated Aug. li, 1865.)

LiMENiTis Proserpina.

Male. — Expands 2y'g inches.

Upper side dull black, secondaries only having a slight bluish tinge
on the disk ; hind margins bordered by a double row of blue crescents,
which are wanting on primaries except at inner angle; the marginal
row of secondaries is indistinct; beyond the crescents, on secondaries,
is a row of russet spots almost obsolete ; primaries have a white streak
on costa a little more than half-way from the base, a white sub-apical
spot divided by the costal nervure, and a curved row of indistinct whit-
ish spots across the wing from the costal streak to the inner margin
near the angle ; emarginations of both wings white.

Under side light reddish-brown, with a dark shade over the basal
half of primaries ; both wings have a double row of pale blue crescents
on a black ground, the apical, on primaries, whitish ; preceediug these
is a row of russet spots, before which, on secondaries, is a blue white
streak ; primaries have a large sub-apical white spot, and a white band,
angular without, curved within, corresponding to the row of spots on
upper side; base of wings marked by russet and blue spots, primaries
having one of the former on the arc and another within the cell, both
edged with black ; between these is a small blue sj^ot and a second
next base; secondaries have a russet spot on the arc, another within
the cell and a third at base of sub-costal nervure; costa of both wino-s
russet at base.

Body black above; thorax black, abdomen white; palpi and fore
legs white edged with black; antennae and club black.

Female unknown; Catskill Mountains.

The specimen above described was taken by me in 1863, near the
3Iountain House. On the 2nd of August of this year (1865), I took a
second male of same characters in the Stony Clove, a few miles west of
the Mountain House. The upper surface agrees in all respects with
the other, except that the band of white spots of primaries is indicated
by a few scales only. On the under side the band extends from inner
margin two-thirds acro.ss the wing only. This species diifers from
Ursula in color of both surfaces, in the white band, in the russet spots
on upper side of secondaries, and the whitish streak on same wings
below. The lower surface more resembles Arthcmis, and the shape of
secondaries is that of Arfhemis, being more rounded than Ursula.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. V.

Plate I.

1. Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus, Grote. 4. Deilephila Calverleyi, Grote % .

2. Chserocampa irrorata, Grote ^. 5. Sphinx Brontes, Drury %.

3. Chserocanipa Robiusonii, Grote '^. 6. Erinnyis pallida, Grote^.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. V.

Plate II.

»

1. Eriuuyis riinosa, Grote % .

2. Eriunyis Merianse. Grote 9-

3. Erinnyis CEnotrus, Cramer, sp. 9 ■

4. Erinnyis nielancholica. Grote '^.

i

1865.] X^y -^ly\ 149

/^/^ ^•^ <X'$,\

Lu LI8RAR V |2

y^x -^»^ /LI

A Synonymical Catalogue of North American SPHINGID^E, with Notes and

Descriptions. j

BY AUU. R. GRUTE AND COLEMAN T. ROBINSON.

Family SPHINGID.^. j

Tribe, Macroijlossini.

Genus LEPISESIA, Grote.

1. flavofasciata.

Macroglossa flavqfasciata, Barnston, Walk. C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. S7. (1856.1
MacrogloHsa flavofasciata, Clemens, S. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. l.'U. j

(ISoi).)
Macrogloasa flavofasciata, Morris. Syn. X. A. Lep. Sin. Ins. p. 151. (1862.) j

Lepisesia flavofasciata, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5. \i. 39. \

(7). (1865.) j

Habitat. — Atlantic District ! <

SESIA, Fabricius, emend, nobis.

2. diffinis. i

Sphinx funformis, Smith. Ab. i Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 85, Plate 4.3. (1797.) (

Not Sphinx fuciforviis. Linn. (Eurojie.) ^

Macroglossa diftinis, Boisduval. Sp. Gen. Plate 15, fig. 2. (1836.) '

Sesia dijfinis, Harris. Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 308 (28). (1839.) !

Sesia dijfinis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, p. 81. (1856.) :

Sesia dijfinis. Clemens. S. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S Phil. p. 129. (1859.) '•

Sesia di^flinis, Morris, Sj'n. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 148. (1862.) j
Sesia dijfinis, Harris, Ins. luj. Veg. new ed. \). 328. (1863.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

I

H.ffi;MOREHAGIA, Grote k Robinson. i

3. gracilis. j

Sesia ruflcaudis, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. I'art 8, p. 82. (1856.)

'Not Sesia ruflcaudis, Kirby. (1837.) ^"

Ha:morrhagia gracilis, Grote & Robinson. Plate 3, figs. 1 and 2, %. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District!

4. ruficaudis. \

Sesia ruflcaudis, Kirby, Faun. Am. Bor. Vol. 4, p. 303. (1837.) i

Hcemorrhagia rufl'caudis, GroiQ & 'R.oh\nson. (Ihii5.) '

//a6!te<.— '-Canada." (Kirby.)

-■'. thysbe. ■ |

Sphinx Thysbe, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. Flens. et. Lips. p. 548. (1775.) |

Sphinx Thysbe, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 155. (1781.) I

Sphinx Pelasgus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. '.>3. PI. 248, fig. B. (1782.)

Sesia Thysbe, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 1. p. 99. (1787.)

Sesia Thysbe, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Haf. Vol. 3. p. 381. (1793.)

Sesia Cimbiciformis, Stephens, III. Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 135. (1828.) ;

150 [November

Cephonodes Pelasgu.i, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. T.S]. (1816.)

Sesia Pdasgus. Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 3fi, p. .308 (28). (1839.)

Sesia Thysbe, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, p. 82. (1856.)

Sesia Thysbe, Clemens, S. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 129. (1859.)

Sesia thysbe, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 149. (1862.)

Sesia pe/asgus, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328, fig. 156. (1863.)

Hcemorvhngin thysbe, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

6. fuscicaudis.

Macroqiossa fuscicaudis, Boisduval, "Walk. C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 83. (1856.)
Sesia fuscicaudis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, p. 83. (1856.)
Sesia fuscicaudis, Clemens. S. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 130. (1859.)
Sesia fuscicaudis, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 150. (1862.)
Hcemorrhaqia fuscicaudis, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

AELLOPOS, Hiibner.

7. tantalus.

Sphinx Tantalus, Linn., Syst. Nat. Vol. 1, p. 803, No. 25. (1766.)

Sphinx zonata. Drury. Exot. Vol. 1. p. 57, Plate 26. fig. 5. (1770.)

Sphinx Tantalus. Cramer, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 107, Plate 68, fig. F. (1779.)

Sphinx Tantalus, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 153. (1781.)

Sesia Tantalus. Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Haf. p. 98. (1787.)

AellojMs Tantalus. Hubner, Exot. Samm. Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 1, Bomb. A,

Vul. 2. (1806—1824.)
Mncroglossa zonnta. Westvv., Drurv, Vol. 1, p. 52; PI. 26, fig. 1. (1337.)
Macroglossa Tantalus, H-S., Corr.'fil. p. 56 (20). (1865.)
Aellopos Tantalus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 42 (10). (1866.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

8. titan.

Sphinx Titan, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2. p. 73, fig. F. (1779.)
Aellopos Titan, Hubner, Verz. Schm p. 131. (1816.)

Macroylossum annulosum, Swainson. Zool. 111. PI. 132, upper fig. (1822.)
Macroglossa balteata. Kirtland, Sill. Jour. N. S. Vol. 13, p. 337. (1852.)
Macroglossa Titan. Burin., Sph. Braz. p. 17. (1856.)
Macroglossa Titan, H-S., Corn Blatt. p. 56 (20). (1865.)
Aellopos Titan, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 41 (9). (1S65.)
Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts!

EUPYRRHOGLOSSUM, Grote.

9. sagra.

Macroqlossum saqra. Poey, Cent. Lepid. Cub. Decade 2. (1832.)
Macroglossa ,mgra. Walker, C. B M. Lep. Part 8, p. 89. (1856.)
Macroglossa sagra, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 132. (1859).
Macroglossa .rnqra, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. p. 152. (1862.)
Macroglossa sagra, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 50 (20). (1865.)

Eupyrrhoglossum sagra. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 43 (11).
('1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

10. ceculus.

Sphinx Ceculu.s. Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2. p. 80, PI. 146, fig. G. (1779.)
Psiflu/ros Ceculus, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 132. (1816.)
Macroqlossum fasciatum. Swains. Zocil. 111. PI. 132, lower fig. (1822.)
Macrdglos.'ia Ceculus, Walker, <\ B M. Part 8. p. 88. (18.36.)
Mncroglossa Ceculus, Clemens, S. N. A. Sjih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 132. (1859.)
Macroqiossa Ceculus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 151. (1862.)
Eupiirrhoglos.^um Ceculus, Grote. Notes Cub. Sph, Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 43 (11).
(1865.)
Habitat. — " Mexico." (Clemens.)

18G5.] 151

THYREUS, Swainson.

11. .ibbotii.

Thyreus Abbotii, Swninson, Zoi)\. 111. Vol. 1, PI. 60. (1821.)

Thyreus Abbotii, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 307 (27). (1839.)

Thyreus Abbotii, Walker, C. B. M. Lcp. Part 8, p. 99. (1856.)

Thyreus Abbotii, Clemens. S. X. A, Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 135. (1859.)

Thyreus Abbotii. Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 156. (1862.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

AMPHION, Ilubner.

12. nessus.

Sphinx Xes.ms, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 16, PI. 107, fig. D. (1779.)
Sphinx Nessus, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Haf. Vol. 1, p. 92. (1787.)
Sphinx Nessus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Haf. Vol. 3, p. 355. (1793.)
Amphion Nessus, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 135. (1816.)

Thyreus f Nessus. Harr., Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 308 (28). (1839.)
Thyreus Nessus, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, p. 99. (1856.)
Thyreus Nessus, Clemens, S. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 136. (1859.)
Thyreus Nessus, Morris, Syn. K". A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 157. (1862.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District!

DEIDAMIA, Clemens.

13. inscripta.

Pterogon? inscriptum, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 306 (26).

(1838.)
Thyreus? inscriptus, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part S, p. 100. (1856.)
Deidamia inscripta, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 137. (1859.)
Deidamia i>iscripta, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 159. (1862.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

PEOSEKPINUS, Hubner.

14. gaurae.

Sphinx rjaurae, Smith, Abb. k Sm., Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 61, PI. 31. (1797.)
Proscrpinus c/aurce, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 132. (1816.)
Thyreus gaura. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, p. 100. (1S56.)
Pi-oserpinus gaurce, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 133. (1S59.)?
Proscrpinus gauroe, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 153. '(1862.) ?
Habitat.— " QQOvgiti." (Abbot.) " Texas." (?) (Clemens.)

15. clarkiae.

Pterogon Clarkire, Boisd., Ann. Soe. Ent. Fr. 2ieme ser., t. 10, p. 319. (1852.)
Thyreus? Clarkiae, Walker, C. B. M. Part 8, p. 262. (1856.)
Proscrpinus Clarkiae, Clem., Syn. X. A. Sph Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 134. (1859.)
Proscrpinus Clarkiae, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 154. (1862.)

Habitat.—" California." (Boisduval.)

ETJPROSERPINUS, Grote <t Robinson.

16. phaeton.

Proscrpinus Phaeton, Boisduval, MSS.
Euproscrpinus Phaeton^ Grote & Robinson. (1865.)

Habitat. — Western District!

ENYO, Hubner.

17. lugubris.

Sphinx lugubris, Linn., "Mant. 2, p. 537."

Sphinx lugubris, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 61, Plate 28, fig. 2. (1770.)

Sphinx lugubris, Fabr., Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens & Lips. p. 537. (1775.)

Sphinx lugubris, Fabr., 8p. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 140. (1781.)

Sphinx Fcgeus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 56. PI. 225, fig. E. (1782.)

Sphinx lugubris, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 92. (1787.)

Sphinx lugubris, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 356. (1792.)

S2>hinx lugubris, Smith, Abb. & Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 59, PI. 30. (1797.)

152 [November

Enr/o Phegeus. Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 132. (IS! 6.)
Thyreus iugubris, "Westw., Driiry, Vol. 1. p. 55, PI. 2S, fig. 2. (IS.'^T.)
Thyreus lugubris. Har., Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. ?.6, p. 306 (26). (1S39).
Enyo lugubris. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 113. (1866.)
Pteroqon luqubris, Burm., Syst. Ueb. Sph. Braz. p. 16. (1856.)
Enyo lugubris, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 1.39. (1859.)
Etri/o lugubris, Morris, Svn. N. A. J^ep. Sm. Ins. p. 162. (1862.)
Enyo lugubris, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 57 (21). (1865.)

Enyo lugubris. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 44 (12).
(1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts !

18. camertus.

Sphinx Camertus, Cram., Exot. Vol. 3, p. 53, PL 225, fig. A. (1782.)
Enyo Camertus, Hubuer, Verz. Schm. p. 132. (1816.)
Enyo Camertus, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 114. (1S56.)
Enyo Camertus, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 57 (21). (1865.)

Enyo Camertus. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p 44 (12).
(1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

19. danum.

Sphinx Danum, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 53, PI. 225, fig. B. (1782.)
Enyo Danum, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 132. (1816.)
Enyo Danum, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 118. (1856.)
Pterogon Danum, Burm., Syst. Ueb. Sph. Braz. p. 16. (1856)?
Enyo Danum, H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 57 (21). (1865.)

Enyo Danum, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 45. (13) (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

20. gorgon.

Sjjhinx Gorgon, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 73, PI. 142, fig. E. (1779.)
Enyo Gorgon, Hubner, Verz. Schm. }>. 132. (1816.)
Enyo lugubris. Hubuer, Zutr., 3rd Huud. j). 40, figs. 595, 596. (1825.)
Enyo Gorgon^ Walk., C. B. M. Pt. 8, p. 114. (1S56.)
Habitat. — '• West Indies." (Auth. Weidemeyer.)

21. ? chloroptera.

Sphinx fhloroptera. Perty, "Del. Anim. Artie. Br is. PI. 31, fig. 3."
Enyo chloroptera, Walker, C. B. M. Pt. 8, p. 118. (1856.)

Habitat. — " Honduras." (Walker.)

HEMEROPLANES, Hubner.

22. pseudothyreus.

Calliomm.u oirlus ? H-S., Corr. Blatt, p. 57 (21). (1865).
Not Sphinx oiclus, Cram. Exot. Vol. 3, ]). 39, pi. 216, fig. F. (1782.)
Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 46
(14), pi. 1, fig. 1. (1865.)

Habitat. — -Tropical Insular District!

PERIG9NIA, Boisduval.

23. lusca.

Sphinx lu.<ica, Fabricius, " Gen. Ins. IMant. p. 272."

Sphinx lusca, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 140. (1781.)

Sphinx lusca, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 92. (1787.)

Sphinx lusca, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 356. (1792.)

Perigonia lusca, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. i)t. 8, p. 101. (1856.)

Perigonia lu-ica, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sj)h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 139. (18.')9.)

Perigonia lusca, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lej). Sm. Ins. ji. 160. (1862.)

Perigonia lusca, H-S., Corr. Blatt. j). 56, (20.) (1865.)

J'cri'gonia lusca, Grote, Notes (!ub. Sph. Proc. E. 8. Phil. p. 47, (15.) (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular and Continental Districts!

18G5.] 153

24 . lefebvrii.

Mnrro'/lossn lefebvrii, Lucas, Sagra Hist, de I'ile de Cuba. (II-S.)

Periijonia lefebvrii, Grote, Xotes Cub. Sjih. Proc. E. S. Phil. ]i. 48 (Ifi). (1865.)

Habitat. — Tro2)ical Insular District !

25. restituta.

Periyoitia restituta, "Walker, MSS. !
Habitat.—'' Mexico." (Walker.)

26. divisa.

Perigonia divi.m, Herrich-ScliEeffer. MSS.

Perigonia divusa, Grote, Ann. Lye Nat. Hist. N. Y. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District I

27. subhamata.

Perigonia subhamatn, "Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 102. (1856.)
Perigonia subhamata, Clem., Syn. X. A. Sjih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 1.38. (1859.)
Perigonia subhamata, Morris, Syn. K^. A. Lej). Sm. Ins. p. IGO. (1862.)

Habitat.—" Mexico." ("Walker.)

2s. glaucescens.

Perigonia g/aucescens, "Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p, 10:>. (1856.)
Perigonia glaucescens, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 1.38. (1859.)
Perigonia glaucescens, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. ji. 160. (1862.)

Habitat.— "St. Domingo." ("Walker.)

CALLIOMMA, Boisduval.
2ii. lycastus.

/Sphinx licastus, Cramer, Exot. "\^ol. 4, p. 180, plate 381, fig. A. (1782.)

Oreus licastus, i iibner, Verz. Sclim. p. 136. (1816.)

Calliomma lycastus, "Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 110. (1856.)

Sphinx Giilianna, Burm., Sph. Braz. ji. 6. (1856.)

Calliomma lycastus, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 141. (1859.)

Calliommn lycastus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 57 (21). (1865.)

Calliomvia lyca.stus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sjjh. Proc.E. S. Phil. p. 48 (16). (1865.)

Calliomma Galianna, Grote, Notes Cub. Sjih. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 49 (17). (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

Tribe, ChaerocampinL

OTTIS, Hiibner.

30. choerilus.

Si^hinx Choerilus, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 247, fig. A. (1782.)
Sjihinx azalea:. Smith, Abb. cfe Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 53, pi. 27. (1797.)
Otus Choerilus. Hubner. Verz. Schm. p. 142. (1816.)
Cha:rocampa Charilus, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 302 (22).

(1839.)
Darapsa Choerilu.% "Walker, C. B. M. ])art 8, p. 18.3. (1856.)
Darapsa Choerilus, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 147. (1859.)
I)ara2)sn Chccrilu.s, M(jrris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 1(J8. (1862.)
Ch'xroc'impa Choerilus, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)
Otus Charilu.-}, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 81 (49). (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

31. myron.

Sphin.r Myron, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 247, fig. C. (1782.)

Uphin.r jiiiwpinatri.r, Smith, Abb. & Sm. Ins. Ga. p. 55, pi. 28. (1797.)

Otus Myron. Hultner, Verz. Schm. j). 142. (1816.)

Otus Cnotus, Hubner, Zutr. 3d Hand. p. 23, fig. 321-322. (1823.)

Charocanipa Pampinatri.r, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, j>. 301

(21). (1839.)
Darapsa Myron, "Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 183. (1856.)

151 [November

Darapsa Myron, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Spli. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 147. (1859.)
Darapsn Myron, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 168. (1852.)
Chczrocampa paiiipinatri.v, Harris. Ins. Inj. Veg. p. 327, pi. 5, fig. 4. (186.1.)
Otus Myron, Grote, Xotes Cub. Si)h. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 81 (49). (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

;!2. versicolor.

Chrarocampa versirolor, Har., C. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. ?>6, p. .30.S (23). (Is39.'
Choirocampa? ver.^;>ro/or. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 131. (1856.)
Barnpsa versicolor, Clem., Syn. N. A. S|>h. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 148. (1859.)
Darapsa versicolor, Morris, Syn. N. A. Leji. Sm. Ins. ji. 169. (1862.)
Chairocamfa versicolor, Harris, Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)
Otus versicolor, Grote, Notes Cub.' Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 81 (49). 1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District!

33. pholus.

Sphinx Pholus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 137, plate 87, fig. B. (1779.)
Sphitix Pholus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. p. 363. (1793.)
Darapsa Pholus, Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 184. (1856.)
Darapsa Pholus, Clem., Syn. N. A. S])h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 148. (1859.)
Darajjsa Pholus, Morris, Svn. N. A. Lejj. Sm. Ins. p. 169. (1862.)
Otus Pholus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 81 (49). (1865.)
Habitat. — "West Indies." (Cramer.)

DARAPSA, Walker.

34. rhodocera.

Darapsa rhodocera. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 184. (1856.)
Darapsa rhodocera, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 149. (1859.)
Darapsa rhodocera, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 170. (1862.)
Darapsa rhodocera, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 81 (49). (1865.)
Habitat.— " St. Domingo." ^ Walker.)

PERGESA, Walker.

35. thorates.

Oreits thorafes, Iliibner, Zutr. 3d Ilund. p. 30, fig. 525 — 526. (1825.)
Pergesa thorates. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 151. (1856.)
Pergesa thorates. Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 145. (1859.)
Pergesa thorates, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 166. (1862.)
Pergesa thorates, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 49 (17). (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

CHiEROCAMPA, Duponchel.

36. gundlachii.

Chocrocampn gundlachii. Herrich-Schsetfer, Corr. Blatt. p. 149. (186;f.)
Chmrocampa gundlacld, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)
Charocampa gundlachii, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 51 (19).
(1860.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

37. irrorata.

Clucrocampa irrorata, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 52 (20), pi
1, fig. 2. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

38. porcus.

Oreus Porcus, Hubner, Samm. Exot. Sch. Lep. 2, Sph. .3, Leg. 2, Eu. B, Obi.

1. (1806—1824.)
Darapsa Porcus, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 187. (1856.)
Clwrorampa porctis, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 5,S (22). (1S65.)
Clucrocampa porcus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 53 (21). (1S65.(
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

1865.] 155

:{9. nechus.

Sphinx Xerhus, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 125, PI. 178, fig. B. (1779.)
Sphinx Xcchus, Ftibr., Sj). Ins. Vol. 2, p. 152. (1781.)
Sphinx Nerhus, P^abr., Mant. Vol. 2. ]). 98. (1787.)
Sphinx Mrhi's. Fabr., Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. .377. (179.-5.)
Thcretra Xerhus. Ilubner, Verz. Schin. p. i:!5. (1S16.)
Charonunpn Chiron. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. Part 8, j). 1.S2. (1856.)
Not Sphi7ix Chiron, Drurv, E.xot. Vol. 1. p. 5(5, PI. 2(), fig. .3. (1770.)
Chccrorampn Chiron, Clem., Syii. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 150. (1859.)
Charocampa Chiron, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. ]). 172. (1862.)
Charocampn Nerhus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (lS(i5.)
Charocampa Nerhus, Grote. Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 50 (18). (1865.)
£a6tYa^— Tropical Insular District !

40. nitidula.

Charornmpa n itiduln, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 151. (1859 )
Chca-onimpa nitidula, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 173. (1862.)
Habitat. — " Mexico." (Clemens.)

41. versuta.

Cha:rorampa ver.wJa, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 152. (1F59.)
Charorampa versuta, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lej). Sm. Ins. p. 174. (1862.)

Habit it. — " Mexico." (Clemens.)

42. procne.

Charocampn promc. Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. K S. Phil. p. 151. (1859.)
Charocampn procac, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 173. (1862.)
Habitat. — '• California." (Clemens.)

43. tersa.

Sphinx tersa, Linn., "Mant. p. 538."

Sphinx tersa, Drury. Exot. Vol. 1, p. 61, pi. 28, fig. 3. (1770.)

Sphinx tersa, Fabr^cius. Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et Lips. p. 547. (1775.)

Sphi7ix tersa, Fabr. S]). Ins. Vol. 2, p. 153. (1781.)

Sphinx tersa, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 4, p. 226, pi. 397, fig. C. (1782.)

Sphinx tersa, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 98. (1787.)

Sphinx tersa. Fab.. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 378. (1793.)

Sphinx tersa, Smith, Abb. & Sm.. Ins. Ga. Vol 1, p. 75, pi. 38. (1797.)

Iheretra tersa, Hilbner, Verz. Sehm. p. 135. (1816.)

Deilephlla ter.vt, Westw. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 56, pi. 28, fig. 3. (1837.)

Charo-ampa tersn.Ua.rr.,Cnt. N. A. Si)h. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 303 (23). (1839.)

Meiopsilis tersa, Duncan, Xat. Libr. Vol. 37, jil. 5, fig. 1; pi. 6, fig. 1. (1852.)

Charocamjm tersa. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, ]). 131. (1856.)

Phil'iiiipelus tersa. Burraeister. S])h. Braz. ]>. 4. (1856.)

Charocampn tersa, V\em..&\n N. A. S]ih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 150. (1859.)

Charocampn tersa, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. In.s. p. 171. (18(i2.)

Charocampa tersa, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (18f)5.)

Charocampa tersa, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 56 (24). (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts !

44. robinsonii.

Charorum])a Bobinsonii, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 54 (22) ;

1)1. 1, fig. 2. (1865.)
Charocampn falco, H-S., Corr Blatt. p. 148. (1863.)
Not Charocnmpn fnlco. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 132. (1856.)
Charornmpufnlro. II-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)

Habitat. — Trojiical Insular District!

45. falco.

Charorampa falco, Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 132. (1856.)
Charocampa falco, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 151. (1859.)

1^6 [November

Chczrocampafalco, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 56 (24). (18(io.)
Habitat.— TroT^icaX Continental District !

DEILEPHILA, Ochsenheimer.
•16. intermedia.

Dcilephila intermedia, Kirby, Faun. Amer. Bor. Vol. 4, p. 302. (0000.)
Habitat.— " Ga,u&d2i." (Kirby.)

47. chamaenerii.

Sphln.r Epilohii, Harris, Cat. 5.30 (18.3.3) 2d ed. 591. (1S35.)
Dcilephila chamcenerii, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. p. 305 (25). (1S.39.)
Dcilephila chamcnerii, Harris, Ag;assiz, Lake Sup. p. 387, pi. 7, fig. 2. (1851).)
Deilephila gain, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part S, p. 166. (1856.)
'Not Deilephila gain, Stephens, etc. (Europe.)

Deilephila gain, Clem., Syn. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 144. (1859.)
Deilephila chanuenerii, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sin. Ins. p. 165. (1862.)
Deilephila chamcLnerii, Harris. Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)"
Deilephila chatncenerii, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 40 (8). ( 1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

48. calverleyi.

Deilephila Calverleyi, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 56 (24), nl
1, fig. 4. (1865.) V \ h\

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

49. lineata.

Sphinx lineata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et Lips. p. 541. (1775.)
Sphinx daiicus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 41, pi. 125, fig. D. (1779.)
Sphinx lineata, Smith, Abb. & Sra., Ins. Ga. p. 77, pi. 1^9. (1797.)
Sphinx lineata, Donovan, "part 6, pi. 204, fig. 1." (1797.)
Deilephila daiicus, Stephens, 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 126. (1828.)
Deilephila daitri/s. Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 246, pi. 53. fig. 27. (1839.)
Dcilephila lineata, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. p. 304 (24). (1839.)
Deilephila daacas. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 171. (1S56.)
Deilephila lineata, Clem., Syn. N. A. S. -Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 143. (1859.)
Deilephila lineata, Morris, Syn. 'N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 164. (1862.)
Deilephila lineata, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)
Deilephila daucus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)
Deilephila lineata, Grote, Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 4, p. 319. (1865.)
Deilephila lineata, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E'. S. Phil. Vol. 5, n. 58 (2n).
(1865.) 'f \ J

Habitat. — Atlantic, Western, Central and Tropical Insular Districts.

PHILAMPELUS, Harris.

50. vitis.

, Merian, Ins. Surin, jjlate 47, fig. 1, (upper figure.) (1719.)

Sphinx vitis, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. 35 '• (1764.)

Sphinx vitis, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 801, No. 16. (1767.)

Sphinx vitis, Drury. Exot. Vol. 1, p. 60, pi. 28, fig. 1. (1770.)

Sphinx vitis, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 542. (1775.)

Sphinx vitis, W. V., Frontispieces, p. 47.. (1776.)

Sphinx fascial us, Sulzer, Abk. Gesch. Ins. p. 151, pi. 20, fig. 1. (1776.)

Sphinx vitis, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 147. (1781.)

Sphinx vitis, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, pi. 267, fig. C. (1782.)

Sphinx vitis, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 96. (17S7.)

Sphinx vitis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 369. (1793.)

Sphinx vitis. Smith, Abb. & Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 79, pi. 40. (1797.)

Eumorpha clcf/ans jnssieuai, Hubner, Samm. Exot. Sch. Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 2.

Eura. A. Eleg. b. (1806—1824.)
Dapo JuKsicitw, Hubner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 3, Deil. A,

Pall. 1. (1806—1824.)
Dupo jussicuce, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 137. (1816.)
Sphinx vitis, Westw. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 54, pi. 28, fig. 1. (1837.)

1865.] 157

Philampdus vitis, Harris. Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. .36, p. 209 (19). (1839.)
jPhi/iimjjelusjnssici'CF, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. pt. 8, p. 177. (185().)
Phibnupehm vitis, Burmeistor. Sph. Braz. p. 3. (1856.)
Phihtmpehin vitis, Clem., (larva) Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. IST. S. Phil. p. 15fi.

(1859.)
P/iilampcli(s jussiemc, Clem., (imago) Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. iST. S. Phil. p.

157. (1859.)
P/iilcimpelusJHSsict'a\ Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 180. (1859.)
Phibinipclus fasciatus, H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (18(J5.)
Philampchis'vitis, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. pp. 58 (26), 83 (51).

(1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts!

51. linnei.

Sphinx vitis. Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, pi. 2C.8, fig. E. (1782.)

Not Sp/iin.r vitis, Linn., Merian, etc.

Diipo vitis, Hiibner. Verz. Schm. p. 137. ("1816.)

Pliilampdus vitis, Walker. C. B. M. pt. 8. p. 17(5. (1856.)

PhUanipelus vitis, Clem., (imago) Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 156.

(1854.)
Phihtmpelus vitis, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 179. (1862.)
Philampelus vitln, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)
Philampeltisfmciatus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. pp. 59 (27), 84

(52). (18(55.)
Philampelus Linnei, Grote & Robinson, pi. .3, fig. 3 9 • (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts !

52. hornbeckiana.

Philainpdiiii Hornbeckiana . Har., Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. p. 299 (19). (1839.)
Habitat.—" St. Thomas, W. !•" (Harris.)

j;*^

strenuus.
Ch(ei-ocampa stremta. iMenetries, En. Corp. An. ]\Ius. Ac. Sci. Petr. Ins. Lep.

2. p. 132, pi. 12, fig. 3. (1857.)
Philampelus .strenuus, Grote, 'Notes Culj. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 60 (28). (1865.)
Habitat.—'- Ilayti." (Mc'ne'trie's.)

54. lycaon.

Sphiti.1- liraon. Cramer. Exot. Vol. 1, p. 86, pi. 55, fig. A. (1779.)

Pholus licnon. Hubner, Sarnra, Exot. Schm. Lep. 2. Sph. 3, Leg. 2, Eum. d,

El. 2. (lsn(5— 1S24.)
Phohis liraon. Hubner. Verz. Schm. p. 134. (1816.)

Philampelus .tatellitia, (partim?i Walker, C. B. M. Lep. pt. 8, p. 175. (1856.)
Not Sphinr satelUtia, Linn., Drury, Harris.
Philampelus satelUtia, Burm.. Sph. Braz. p. 3. (1856.)
Philampelm satdlltin, H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 147. (186.3.)
Philampelus .mtellitia. H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (12). (1865.)
Philam.pdus lycaon. Grote. Notes Cub Sph. pp. 60 (28j, 84 (52). (1865.)
Philampelus lycaon, Grote and Robinson, pi. 3, fig. 4. (1865.)

.7/h6!7a/.^Troi)ical Insular District!

55. satellitia-

Sphinx satellitia, Linn., " Mant. Vol. 1, p. 539."

Sphinx satellitia, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 63, pi. 29, figs. 1 . 2. (1770.)

Sphinx satellitia. Fabricius, Svst. Ent. s Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 542. (1775.)

Sphinx satdlitia. Fabr., S]). Ins Vol. 2. p. 148. (1781.)

Sphinx satellitia. Fabr.. Mant. Ins. Vol. 2. p. 96. (1787.)

Sphinx satdlitia. Fabr.. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3. )). 370. (1793-)

Daphni Pandorus. Iliibner. Samm. Exot. Seh. Lep. 2. S])h. 3. Leg. 2, Eum. A.

Ele. 2. (1806—1824.)
Sphinx satellitia. Westw. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 57, pi. 2li. fig. 1. 2. (1837.)
Philampelus satellitia. Harris. Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 299 (19)

(1839.)

158

[November

Philampelus Pandorus, "Walker, C B. M. Lep. part S, p. 174. (185(5.)
Pkilampel lis saielUtia, Clemens, (deserip. imag.) Syn. N. A. Sijh. Jour. A. N. S.

Phil. p. 154. (1S59.)
Philampelus sate/litia, Morris, (deserip. imag.) Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p.

17(5. (1862.)
Philampelus satellitia, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 325, pi. 5, fig. 2. (186.3.)
Philampelus satellitia, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. pp. 61 (29), 84

(52). (18(55.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

56. achemon.

Sphinx Achemon, Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 51, pi. 29, fig. 1.
Sphinx Crantor, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 11, pi. 104, fig. A.
Sphinx Crantor, Fabr., Mant. Vol. 2, p. 97. (1787.)
Sphinx Crantor, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Vol. .3, p. 375. (1793.)
Sphinx Crantor, Smitli, Abb. & Sm., Ins. Ga. p. 81, pi. 41.
Pholus Crantor, Hubner, Verz. Sehm. p. 134. ((181(5.)
Sphinx achemon. Westw. Drury, Vol. 2, p. 55, d1. 29, fig. 1.
Philampelus Achemon, Harris, Cat. N. A. S])h."Sill. Jour. p.
Philampelus Achemon, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part S, p. 174.
Philampebts Achemon, Clem., Syn. N. A. S. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 155. (1859.)
Philampelus Achemon, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 177. (1862.)
Philampelus Achemon, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 315, fig. 150; pi. 5, fig.
3. (1863.)

(1773.)
(1779.)

(1797.)

(1837.)
300 (20).
; 185(5.)

(18.39.)

Hahitat.-

(1863.)
-Atlantic District!

57. typhon.

Sphinx typhon, Klug, ISTeue. Sehm. Heft. 1. pi. 3, fig. 1. (1836.)
Philampelus typhon. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 177. (1856.)
Philampelus typhon. Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 155. (1859.)
Philampelus typhon. Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm- Ins. p. 178. (1862.)
Habitat. — Trojjical Continental District!

58. labruscae.

Sphinx labruscce, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 352. (1764.)

Sphinx labruscce, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 133, pi. 184, fig. A. (1779.)

Sphinx labruscce, Fabr. Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 152. (1731.)

Sphinx labruscce, Fabr., Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 98. (1787.)

Sphinx labruscce, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 377. (1793.)

Sphinx labruscce, Clerck, " Icon. pi. 47, fig. 3.''

Eumorpha elegans Labrusne. Hubner, Samra. Exot. Sch, Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg.

2. Eum. A, Ele, a. (180(i— 1824.)
Arc/cus labruscce, Hubner, Verz. Sehm. p. 134. (1816.)
Philampelus labruscce. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 178. (1856.)
Pliilampelus labruscae, Burmeister. Sph. Braz. p. 2. (1856.)
Philampelus labruscae. Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 156. (1859.)
Philampelus labruscce. Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 178. (1862.)
Philampelus labruscce, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)
Philampelus labruscce, Grote, Notes (!ub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 62 (30). (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

Lud. Ulric. p^352. (1764.)
(1766.)

PACHYLIA, Boisduval.
59. ficus.

Sphinx /i-us, Linn., Mu:

Sphinx Jius, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 800, No. 15.

Sphinx Jicus, Clerck, " Icon. pi. 49, fig. 2.

Sphinx firiLH, Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 44, pi. 26, fig. 1. (1773.)

Sphinxfi.:us, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. P'lens. et. Lips. p. 540.

Sphinx ficus, Fal)rieius, S|). Ins. Vol. 2, p. 145. (17.S1.)

Sphinx fi-us, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, j). 88, pi. 246, fig. E. (1782.)

Sphinx fiuis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. p. 366. (1793.)

Pholusjicus, Hubner, Verz. Sehm. p. 134. (1816.)

Sphinx Jicus, Westwood, ed. Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 48, pi. 26, fig. 1.

(1775.)

(1837.)

1865.] 159

Pachyliaficus, Walker, (partim) C. B. M. Lep. part 8. p. 189. (1856.)

Deihpliila ficufi, Burm.. S]ili. Braz. p. .5. (186fi.)

Chairocnmpn Crameri. Menctries, En. An. Acad. Petr. Lep. pt. 2, p. 133. (IS.'jT.)

Pachylia /ini.% Clem., Svn. N. A. Sf)h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 158. (1859.)

Parhylia finis. Morris, Sj^n. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 181. (18()2.)

Parln/ho'jici's. II-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 68 (22). {\b(\b.)

Parh}//mfir„s, Grote. Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. (i2 (30). (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

60. inornata.

Sphinx fmts, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 4. p. 216, pi. 394, fig. D. (1782.)
Not Sphinx finis, Linn., etc.

Charocampa finis, Menetrie's. En. An. Acad. Petr. Lep. pt. 2, p. 133. (1857.)
Pachylia inornata, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 159. (1859.)
Pachylia inornata. Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 182. (1862.)
Pachylia inornata, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proo. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 63 (31).
(1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

61. resumens.

Pachylia resumens, Walker. C. B. M. part 8, p. 190. (1856.)
Pachylia resumens, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 159. (1859.)
Pachylia resumens, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 183. (1862.)
Pachylia resumens, H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 58 (22). (1865.)

Pachylia resumens, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 63 (31).
(1865 )
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

62. inconspicua.

Pachylia incon.spicua, Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 190. (1856.)

Pachylia incon-spicua, Clem., Syn. N. A. S. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 160. (1859.)

Pachylia inconspicua, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 183. (1862.)

Habitat. — "Jamaica." (Walker.)

AMBULYX, Boisduval.

63. gannascns.

Sphin.fffanna.scuSjStoU Su]>.Cram. Exot. ])t. 5, p. 157. pi. 35. figs. 3 — 3 B. (1790.J
Amplyptcrus qnna.^cus. Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 133. (1816.)
Ambuly.r ija,mscus, Walker. C. B. M. part 8, Lej). p. 121. (1856.)
Ambulyx gannascus, Burmeister, Sph. Braz. \>. 15. (1856.)
Ambvlyr (janascus, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 153. (1859-)
Ambuly.r]/anascus, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 183. (1862.)
Amhuly.1- ;/(ina.scus, H-S., Corr. Blatt. j). 57 (21). (1865.)

Ambuiy.r'f/rinascus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, ji. 64 (32).
(■lS60.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

(1775.)

64. strigilis.

Spllill■'^ strit/ilis, Linn., "Mant. Vol. 1, p. 538."
• Sphinx .strigilis, Drury, E.xot. Vol. 1, p. 62, pi. 28. fig. 4. (1770.)
Sphinx strigilis. Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et. Li])S. p. 539.
Sphinx .strir/ilis. Fabr., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 144. (1781.)
Sphinx strif/ilis, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 14, pi. 106, fig. B. (1782.)
Sphinx .•itrigilis. Fabricius. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 36-1. (1793.)
Pholus strigilis. Ilubner, Verz. Schm. p. 134. (1816.)
Sphinx strigilis. Westw. Drurv. Vol. 1, p. 57, pi. 28, fig. 4. (1837.)
Ambulyx .strigilis. Walker. C."B. M. part 8, p. 121. (1856.)
Ambulyx .strigilis, Burmeister. Sjih. Braz. p. 14. (1856.)

Ambulyx sfrigili.s, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 152. (1859.)
Amhiiiyx strigilis, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 175. (1862.)
Anibuiyx stri'qilis. II-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 57 (21). (1865.)
Ambulyx .strigilis. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 64 (.32). (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

160 [November

Tribe, Smerlnthini.

SMERINTHUS, Latreille.
65. jamaicensis.

Sphinx ocellatus Jamaicensis, Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 4.3, pi. 2.5, fig. 2, .3. (177.3.)
Smerinthus Jamaicensis, Westw., Drury, Vol. 2, p. 47, pi. 25, fig. 2, .3. (1837.)

Habitat. — "Jamaica." (Drury.)

Cfi. geminatus.

Smerinthus qeminatm, Say, Am. Ent. Vol. 1, p. 25, pi. 12. (1824.)
Smerinthus gcminata, Harr., Cat. N. A. S. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36. p. 291 (11). (1839.)
Smerinthus geminatus, Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 246. (1856.) ?
Smerinthus geminatus, Say, Am. Ent. Lee. Ed. p. 25, pi. 12. (1859.)
Smerinthus geminatus, Clemens, (descrip. imago) Syn. IST. A. Sph. Jour. A. X.

S. Phil. p. 183. (1859.)
Smerinthus geminatus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 210. (1862.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

67. cerisii.

Smerinthus Cerisii, Kirby, Faun. Am. Bor. Vol. 4. p. 301, pi. 4, fig. 4. (1837.)
Smerinthus Cerisii, Grote, Notes Cub. Sp. Pr. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 40 (8). (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

68. opthalmicus.

Smei'inthus ojithdlmicus, Boisd., Am. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. 3. 3ieme Ser. 32.
Smerinthus opthalmicus. Clem., Syn. N. A. S. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 184. (1859.)
Smerinthus opthalmicus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 211. (1862.)
Habitat. — Western District !

n9. pavoninas.

Piionias pavoninn, Geyer, Zutr. 5fli Ilund. p. 12, figs. 835, 836. (1837.)
Smerinthus pavoninus, Grote <t Ptobinson. (1865.)
Habitat. — " Pennsylvania." (Geyer.)

70. excaecatus.

Sphinx errcerata. Smith, Abb. & Sm.. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 49, pi. 25. (1797.)
Paonias e-vcxjcratus. Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 142. (1816.)

Smerinthus e.vajcrata. Harris, C. N. A. S. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 290 (10). (1839.)
Smerinthus exccecatus. Wallcer, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 246. (1856.)
Smerinthus e-vcwcatus, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 182. (1859.)
Smerinthus excaecatus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 208. (1862.)
Smerinthus exccecata, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 327, fig. 155. (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

71. myops.

Sphin.r Mj/ops. Smith. Abb. & Sm., Ins. Ga. Vol. 1. p. 51, pi. 26. (1797.)
Paonins Myops. Hubner, Verz. Si;hm. p. 142. (1816.)
Smerinthus rosacaarum. Boisduval, S]). Gen. pi. 15. fig. 4. (1836.)
Smerinthus Mjjops, Harris, C. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 291 (11). (1839.)
Smerinthus ATipips. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 245. (1856.)
Smerinthus Mi/ops, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 181. (1859.)
Smerinthus Mijops, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 207. (1862.)
Smerinthus Myops, Harris, Ins. Inj, Veg. new ed. 2^- 328. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

72. astylus.

Sphinx Astylus. Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 45, pi. 26, fij;. 2. ( 1773.)
Sphinx lo, 13()isduval, "Guer. Icon. Rcgn. Anim. Ins. pi. 84."
Smerinthus integerrima, Harris, "Cat. Ins. Mass. Hitch. Rep. Geol."
Smerinthus lo, Boisd., Gritt'. & Pidg. Cuvier, Vol. 2, pi. 8 ng. 2. (1835.)
Smerinthus To, Wilson, Treat. Ent. Brit. Encyc. p. 246, pi. 236, fig. 5. (1835.)

18G5.] 161

Smerinthus Ash/Ins. Westw. Drurv. Vol. 2. p. 4S. \>\. 2(1. ficr. 2. (1S37.)
Smerint/ius Asf'j//u.^. Harris, Cat. 'X. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. ;',r.. p. 290 (10).

(188!t.)
Smfrinffl>l.^< A-^fyli'-^. Walker. C. B. M. Lej). part 8. j). 24.5. (18.56.)
Smerint/ius Asiylm, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sjih. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 184. (1859.)
Smerinthus Asiylus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sin. Ins. p. 211. (1862.)
JTaJiVo^— Atlantic District !

73. modestus.

Smerint/u'smodesta, Harr., Cat. X. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. ?A), p. 292 (12). (1839.)
Smerixfhii.i modc.sta, Harris. A<?assiz. Lake Suj). p. 3.S8, i)l. 7, fig. 7. (1850.)
Smerinthus modcstux. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. jiart 8, j). 248. (1856.)
Smerinthus modesta Clem.. Syn. X. A. Sjih. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 183. (1859. i
Smerinthus modesta, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 210. (1862.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

CRESSONIA. Grote & Robinson.

74. juglandis.

Sphin.r Jur/hindis, Smith, Abb. & Sm.. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1. p. 57, pi. 29. (1797.)
Amorphci dmituta Juqiandis. Hubuor. Samm. Exot. Schm. Vol. 1, Lejj. 2. Spli.

3, Leg. 4, Am. B, Deu. b. (1806—1824.)
Poh/ptirhusjuf/landis, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 141. (1816.)
Smerinthus juglandis. Harris, Cat. X. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 292 (12).

(1839.)
Smerinthus juqiandis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 247. (1856.)
Smerinthus ju'f/lnndis. Clem., Syn. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 185. (1859.)
Smerinthu,HJurjlandis. Morris. Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 213. (1862.)
Smerinthusjui/landis. Harris. Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1865.)
Cressonia Juglandis. Grote & Robinson. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

Tribe, Spf^nguu'.

PSEUDOSPHINX. Burmeister.

75. tetrio.

Sphinx tetrio, Linn., "Mant. Vol. 1, p. 538."

Sphinx tetrio. Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 540. (1775.)

Sphin.v tetrio. Fabr., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2. p. 145. (1781.)

Sphin.v ha.sdrubal, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 3, p. 90, pi. 246, fig. F. (1782.)

Sphinx tetrio, Fabr., Mant. Vol. 2, p. 96. (1787.)

Sphinx tetrio. Fabr.. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 366. (1793.)

Hi/loirus Hasdrubal. Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. l-;9. (1816.)

Sphinx Asdrubnl, PoeA'. Cent. Lep. Cuba. (1832.)

Marrosila Ha.sdrubal. 'Walker. C B. M. part 8, p. 202. (1856.)

Sphinx.' tetrio. Walker. C. B. M. part 8. p. 263. (1856.)

Pseudosphinx tetrio. Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 8. (1856.)

Macrosila Hasdrutml. Clem., Syn. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 161. (1859.)

Marrosila Hasdrubal. Morris, Syn. X. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 184. (1862.)

Macrosila Asdrubal, H-S., Corr.'Blatt. p. 59 (23). (1865.)

P.'icudosphinx tetrio, Grote, Xotes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. ]). (i4 (32). (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

AMPHONYX, Poey.

76. antaeus.

Sphinx Antmis, Drury. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 43. pi. 25. fig. 2. (1773.)
Sphinx Jatropha; Fal)rieius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 143. (1781.)
Sphinx Medor, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 4, p. 215. pi. 394, fig. A. (1782.)
Sphinx Jatropha. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. p. 3()2. (1793.)
Corytius Jatropha. Iliibner. Verz. Schm. ]). 140. (18 6.)
Amphonyx Antaas, Poey. Cent. Lep. Cuba. Decade 1. (1832.)
Sphinx Antwu.^, Westw. Drurv, Vol. 2, p. 47, pi. 25, tig. 2.
Marrosila Antceus. (partini) Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 200. (1856.)
Sphinx Jatropha; Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 9. (1856.;

162 [November

Macrosiln Antoeus, (partim) Clem., Svu. X. A. Snh. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. Ki'^

(IS59.)
Macrosila Anfccus, (j)artira) Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 186. (18(52.)
Macrosila Anthceus, H-S., Corr. Bhitt. p. 39 (2?.). (ISOo.)

Amphony:r Antneus, Grote, Notes Tub. Sph. Proe. E. S. Phil. p. (1(5 (34). (18 6.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

77. duponchel.

Amphonyx Duponchel, Poey, Cent. Lepid. Cuba. (18M2.)

Marrosiln Antaeus, (partim) Walker, C. B. M. part 8, Lej). p. 200. (1856.)

Not Sphinx Antceus. Drury. etc.

Macrosila Antmus, (partiin) Clem., Sj'n. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil, p 162

(185;'.)
Macrosila Antceus, (partim) Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. 8m. Ins. p. 186. (lS(i2.)
Macrosila duponchel, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 59 (2?.). (1865.)

Amphonyx duponchel, Grote, Notes Cub. Sjih. Pr. E. S. Phil. p. 67 (."5). (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

78. cluentius.

Sphinx cluentius, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 124, pi. 78, fig. B. • f 1779.)
Sphinx cluentius, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 2, ji. 4.'!, pi. 126, fig. A. (1779.)
Phlegethontius cluentius, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)
Amphonyx cluentius, Poey, Cent. Lepid. Cuba. Decade 1. (18.32.)
Macrosila cluentius. Walker, C. B. M. part 8, p. 200. (1856.)
Macrosila cluentius, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sjih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 163. (185 .1
Macrosila cluentius, Morris, Syn. N. A. Sph. Sm. Ins. p. 186. (1862.)
Macrosila cluentius, H-S., Corr Blatt. p. 59 (23). (1865.)
Amphonyx cluentius, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol ■ p 67 f3 j)
(18G.'<.) "■ ^ ' ''

Habitat.— " Cuba." (Poey, H-S.)

MACROSILA, Boisduval, emend. Grote.

79. rustica

Sphinx rustica, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 540. (1775.)

Sphinx rustica, Sulzer. Ab. Geseh. Ins. ])1. 20, fig. 2. (1775.)

Sphinx rustica. Fab., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, ]>. 145. (1781.)

Sphinx rustica, Cramer, Exot. j). 21, pi. 301, fig. A. (1782.)

Sphinx rustica, Fah., Islant. Ins. Vol 2, p. 95. (1787.)

Sphinx rustica. Fab.. Ent. Syst. V'ol. 3, p. 366. (1793.)

Sphinx chionanthi. Smith, Abb. & Sm.. Ins. Ga. Vol. ], p. 67, pi. .34. (1797.)

Coeyiws '•«.«<(>«. Hubner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Lep. 2, Sph 3 Lea- 4 Mitid

B, Pond. 2. (1806—18 4.) i g. ,

Cocytius rustica, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)
Macrosila rustica. Walker, C. B. M. part 8. p. 199. (1856.)
Protoparce rustica, Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 7. (1856.)

Macrosila ru.itica, Clem.. Syn. N. xV. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 163. (1859.)
Macrosila rustica, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. Is7. (1862.)
Sphinx rustica, H-S.. Corr. Blatt. j). 59 (23). (1865.)

Sphinx rustica, Grote. Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 68 (36). (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts! '

80. ochus.

Sphinx ochus, Klug, Neue. Schm. Heft. 1, p. 4. pi. 3, fig. 2. (1836.)
Macrosila instifa. Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A N. S. Phil. ]). 164.' (1859.)
Macrosila in.stita, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Ins. Sm. Ins. p. 187. (1862.)
Macro.nla ochus, Grote. Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 68 (36). (1865.)
Habitat.— ■•'Mexico," (Klug.) " Honduras," (Clemens.)

81. Carolina.

Sphinx Carolina, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. 346. (1764.)
Sphinx Carolina, Drury, 111. Exot. Ins. Vol. 1, p. 52. pi. 25, fig. 1. (1770.)
Sphinx Carolina. Fal)ricius. Syst s. Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 539. (1775.)
Sphinx Carolina. Fabr., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 144. (1781.)

18G5]

163

Sphirij- cnroUiw, Fahr., Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 91. (17S7.)

Sphinx Carolina, Fabr.. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 3f).'5. (1793.)

Sphinx Carolina, Smith. Abb. & Sm., Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 65, pi. 33. (1797.)

Manduca ohscura Carolina. Ilubner. Sainm. Exot. Schm. Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg.

3. Obs. b. Mand. B. (18U(i— 1S24.)
Phlegethontius Carolina. Ilubner, Verz. Sclim. p. 140. (1S16.)
Sphin.v Carolina. Stephens. 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 118. (1828.)
Sphinx Carolina, Westw Drury, Vol. 1. p. 47, pi. 25, fig. 1. (1837.)
Sphin.r Carolina, Wood. Ind. Ent. p. 24<), ]il. 53. fig. 22. (1839.)
Sphinx Carolina, Harris, Cat. X. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 294 (14). (1839.)
Sphinr Carolina, Walker, C. B. M. part 8, Lep. p 216. (IS 6.)
Macrosila Carolina, Clem., Syn. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 165, (1859.)
Macronila Carolina. Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 1S9. (1S(')2.)
Sphinx Carolina, Harris. Ins. Ini. Veg. new ed. p. 322, fig. 145 — 147. (1863.)
Sphinx Carolina, H-S.. Corr. Blatt. p. 59 (2 ;)• (1865.)
Sphin.r Carolina, Grote. Notes Cub. So, Pr. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 69 (37). (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts !

82, quinquemaculata.

"Sphinx quinquemaculatus, Haworth." (Auth. Stephens.)

Sphin.r Carolina, Donovan, "part 11, ))late 3lil." (1804.)

Phleqeihontiu.<i Cdem. Hiibner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Lep. 2, Sph. 3. Leg. 4,

Mand. B, Pond. 3, (1806— 1S24.)
Sphinx quinqmmaculntm. Stephens, 111. Bi it. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 119. (1828,J
Sphinx quinquemaculatus. Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 246, pi. 53, fig. 23. (1839.)
Sphinx quinquemaculata, Walker, C. B. M. part 8, Lep. p. 217. (1856.)
Macrosila quinquemaculata, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p.

lt)(i. (1859.)
Macrosila quinquemaculata, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 190. (1862.)
Sj)hinx quinquemaculatus. Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 322, fig. 142 — 144.

(1863.)
Sphinx quinquemaculata. Fitch, Ninth Report, pi. 4, fig. 1. (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

S3, cingulata.

Sphinx convolvuli. Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 54, pi. 25, fig. 4. (1770.)

'Sot Sphinx convolvuli. Linnseus, (Eurojie).

Sphinx cin(julata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. s. Ins. Flens. et. Lips. p. 545. (1775.)

Sphinx cinqulata, Fabricius. Sp. Ins. Vol, 2, p. 151. (1781.)

Sphinx convolvuli, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 55, pi. 225, fig. D. (1782.)

Sphinx cingulata, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 97. (1787.)

Sphinx cingulata, Fabricius, Ent. Svst. p. 375, (1793.)

Sphinx convolvuli. Smith, Abb. & Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 53, pi. 32. (1797.)

Sphinx Drurai. Donovan, '-Brit. Ins. p. 14. pi, 469," (1810.)

Agrius cinqulatus, Hiibner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Lep, 2, Sph. 3. Leg. 4, Mand.

B', Pond 4. (1806—1324.)
Agrius cinqulatus. Ilubner. Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)
Sphinx Drurai, Stephens. Ill, Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 120. (1828.)
Sphinx cinqulata. West. Drurv, Vol. 1, p. 49, pi. 25, fig. 4. (1837.)
Sphinx Drurai. Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 246, pi. 53, fig. 24. (1839.)
■ Sphinx cingulata. Harr., Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 249 (13). (1839.)
Sphinx cingulata. Walker, C B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 215. (1856.)
Sph)7ix cinqulata. Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 12. (1856.)

Macrosila cingulata, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sj.h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 164. (1869.)
Macrosila cinqulata. Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sin. Ins. p. ISS. (1862.)
,S7jAiV(.'r,m/i//a/a, Grote, Notes Cub- Sph. Pr. E S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 69 (37). (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic and Tropical Insular Districts!

DILUDIA, Grote k Robinson.
84, brontes.

Sphinx Brontes. Drurv, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 52, pi. 29, fig. 4 (1773.)
Sphinx Brontes, West'w. Drurv, Vol. 2, p. 56, pi. 29, fig, 4, (1837.)
Sphinx brontes, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 59 (23). (1865.)

164 [November

Sphinx Brontes, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Pr. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 69 (.37) pi. 1.

fig. 5. (1865.)
Diludia Brontes, Grote & Eobinson. (1865.)
Non aliorum.

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

85. florestan.

Sphinx Fhrestan, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 4, p. 216, pi. .304, fig. B. (17S2.)

Cocytius Forestan, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 140. (1816.)

Macrosila Forestan, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part S. p. 203. (1856.)

Sphinx Florestan, Burmeister, Sph. Braz. ]i. 10. (1856.)

Macrosila Forestan, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 167. (1865.)

Macrosila Forestan, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lej). Sm. Ins. p. 191. (1862.)

Diludia Florestan, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)

Habitat. — " Honduras." (Clemens.)

86. coUaris. '

Macrosila collaris. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 201. (1856.)
Macrosila collaris, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. 8. Phil. p. 161. (1850.)
Macrosila collaris, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lej) Sm. Ins. p. 184. (1862.)
Diludia collaris, Grote & Robinson. " (1X65.)
Habitat— "J amnica.;" " St. Domingo." (Walker.)

SYZYGIA, Grote & Robinson.

87. afflicta.

Si^hinx nffl.icta, Grote, Notes Cub. Sjih. Pr. E. S. Phil. p. 71 (39). (1865.)
Syzyrjia afflicta. Grote <t Robinson, pi. 3, fig. 5, %,. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

DAREMMA, Walker.

88. repentinus.

Sphinx Brontes, Boisd., Sp. Ge'n. pi. 15, fig. 6. (1S32.)
Not Sphinx Brontes, Drurv, H-S., Grote.

Macrosila Brontes? Walker, 0. B. M. part 8, p. 190. (1856.)
Daremma undulosa, Walker, C. B. M. ttep. part S, p. 231. (1856.)
Ceratomia repentinus. Clem., Syn. N. A. Sjih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 180. (1859.)
Ceratomia repentinus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 206. (1862.)
Ceratomia repentinus. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Pr. E. S. Phil. ip. 39 (7). (1865.)
Sphinx repentinus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Pr. E. S. Phil. p. 72 (40). (1865.)
Daremma repentinus, Grote <fe Robinson. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District!

CERATOMIA, Harris.

89. amyntor.

A<jrius Aint/ntor, Hubner, Samm. Exot. Sohm. Vol. 2, Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 4,

M'and. B. Pond. 4. (1806—1821.)
Ceratomia quadricornis. Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36. p. 293 (13).

(1S39.)
Ceratomia quadricornis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. |iart 8, p. 258. (1856.)
Ceratomia quadricornis, Clemens, S3'n. N. A. S])h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. j). 179.

(1S50.)
Ceratomia quadricornis, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 205. (1862.)
Ceratomia quadricornis. Harris, Ins. Inj.Veg. new ed. p. 32.3, fig. 14b. (1883.)
Ceratomia. Amyntor, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

SPHINX, Linnreus.
00. leucophaeata.

Sphinx Irucophatita, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 168. (1850.)
Sphinx kucojjhaiata, Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 193. (1862.)
Habitat.—" Texas." (Clemens.)

1865.] 165

91. jasminearam.

Sphinx jasmincarum, Boisd., Griff. & Pidg. Cuvier. Vol. 2, pi. 83, fig. 1. (1832.)
Sphinx Jasniincarum, Wilson, Treat. Ent. in Encyc. Brit. pi. 236, fig. 5. (1835.)
Sphinx jasmincarum, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 173. (18 9.)
Sphinx jasmincaruin, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sni. Ins. j). 1!}8. (1862.)
Habitat. — "New York;" "Pennsylvania." (Clemens.)

92. chersis.

Lethia chersis. Hubner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Vol. 2, Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 4,

Mand. B, Pond. 5. (1806—1824.)
Sphinx cinerea, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 3fi, p. 295 (15). (1839.)
Sphinx cinerea, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 217. (1856.)
Sphinx cinerea, Clemens. Syn. N. A. Si)h. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 169. (1859.)
Sphinx cinerea, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 194. (1862.)
Sphinx cinerea, Harris. Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)
Sphinx che7-sis, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)
i7a6(7oY.— Atlantic District!

93. dmpiferaram.

Sphinx drupiferarum. Smith, Abb. & Sm., Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 71, pi. :-. (1797.)

Lethia drupiferarum, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 141. (1816.)

Sphinx drupiferaruin, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sili. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 294 (14).

(18:!9.)
Sphinx drupiferarum. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 218. (1856.)
Sphinx drupiferarum, Clem., Syn. N. A. S. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 173. (1859.)
Sphinx drupiferarum, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 197. (1862.)
Sphinx drupiferarum, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new .d. p. 328. (1863.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

94. kalmise.

Sphinx KalmicE, Smith, Abb. & Sm., Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 73, pi. 37. (1797.)

Lethia Kalmiw, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 141. (1816.)

Sphinx Knimia, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 295 (15). (1839.)

Sphinx Kalmixe, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part «, p. 218. (1856.)

Sphinx KalmiK, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. X. S. Phil. p. 171. (1859.)

Sphinx Kalmice, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 196. (1862.)

Sphinx Kalmice, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

95. gordius.

Sphinx Gordim, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 91, pi. 247, fig. B. (1782.)

Lethia Gordius, Hubner, Verz. Schm. j). 141. (1816.)

Sphinx poccila, Stei)hens. 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 222. (1828.)

Sphinx Gordiu.<i. Harris. Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 295 (15). (1839.)

Sphinx poecila, Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 246, pi. 53, fig. 26. (1839.)

Sphinx Gordius, Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, j>. 218. (1856.)

Sphinx Gordius, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 173. (1859.)

Sphinx Gordius, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. j). 198. (1862.)

Sphinx Gordius, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

96. luscitiosa.

Sphinx luscitiosa, CAem., Syn. X. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 172. (1859.)
Sphinx luscitiosa, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lej). Sm. Ins. p. 197. (1862.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District!

97. eremitus.

Agriiis eremitus, Hubner, Samm. Exot. Schm. Vol. 2, Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 4.

Mand. B, Pond. 4. (1806—1824.)
Sphinx sordida, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour Vol. 36, p. 296 (16). (1839.)
Sphinx sordida. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8. p. 219. (1856.)
Sphinx sordida, Clem., Svn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. X. 8. Phil. p. 169. (1859.)

166 [November

Sphinx sordida, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 194. (1862.)
Sphinx eremitus, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

DOLBA, Wallier.

98. hylaeus.

Sphinx Hylaeus, Drury, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 45, pi. 26, fig. .3. (1773.)
Sphinx Hylmus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 16, pi. 107, fig. C, (1779.)
Sphinx Hi/keus, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 149. (1781.)
Sphinx HylcKUH, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 97. (1787.)
Sphinx Hylmus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. .3. p. 373. (1793.)
Sphinx PrinU Smith, Abb. A Sm. Ins. Ga. Vol. 1, p. 69, pi. 35. (1797.)
Hyloicm Hykmis. Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 139. (1816.)
Sphinx Hyloeus, Westw. Drury, Vol. 2, p. 49, pi. 26, fig. 3. (1837.)
Sphinx Hykeus, Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 296 (16). (1839.)
Dolba Hy/cciis, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 230. (1856.)
Do/ha HylwHs, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 178. (1859.)
Dolba Hylceus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 203. (1862.)
Sphinx HylcEus, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District!

HYLOICUS, Hiibner.

99. plebeia.

Sphinx picbeia, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. Kiliae, p. 273. (1776.)
Sphinx plebeia. Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 146. (1781.)
<S!p/»n.r^i?c6eiff, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. p. 95. (1787.)
Sphinx picbeia. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. p. 367. (1793.)
Sphinx plebeia, Steph., 111. Brit. Ent. Haust. Vol. 1, p. 222. (1828.)
Sphinx plebeia. Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 296 (16). (1839.)
Sphinx plebeia. Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 246. pi. 53, fig. 27. (1839.)
Anceryx plebeia. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part S, p. 224-. (1856.)
Sphinx plebeia, Clemens, Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 170. (1859.)
Sp/mix plebeia. Morris. Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 195. (1862.)
Hyloicus plebeia, Grote & Robinson. (1865.)
Habitat. — Atlantic District !

100. poeyi.

Erinnyis Poeyi, Gundlach, MSS. Grote, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. (1865.)
Hyloicus Poeyi, Grote, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

101. coniferarum.

Sphinx coniferarum. Smith, Abb. & Sm. Ins. Ga. p. 81, pi. 41. (1797.)
Hyloicus coniferarum, Hubner, Verz. Schm. p. 139. (1816.)
Non aliorum.

Habitat.— "Georgia." (Abbot.)

ELLEMA, Clemens.

102. harrisii.

Sphinx roniferarum. Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 297 (17).

(1839.)
Anceryx coniferarum, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8. p. 224. (1856.)
Ellema Har'risii, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 188. (1859.)
Elletna Harrisi, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep Sm. Ins. p. 216. (1862.)
Sphinx coniferarum, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 328. (1863.)

Habitat. — Atlantic District !

LAPARA, Walker.
10.!. bombycoides.

Lnp-tra bombycoides. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 233. (1856.)

Laparn bombycoides, Clem., Syn. N. A. Spli. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 187. (1859.)

Lap)ara bombycoides, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. :?m. Ins. p. 215. (1862.)

Habitat.—'- Canada." (Walker.)

1865.] 167

EEINNYIS, Hubner.

104. rimosa.

Eri7i»i/is 7-imosa, Grote, Xotes Cub. Sph. Troc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 7Z (41 ), pi.
2, fig. 1,S. (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

105. congratulans.

Erinnyis congratulans, Gundlach, MSS. Grote, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist.

(18f)5.)
Erinnyis congratulans, Grote, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

106. caicus.

Sphinx Caicus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2. p. 42, pi. 125, fig. F. (1779.)
Sphin.r Caicus. Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 151. (1781.)
Sph.in.v Caicus, Fabricius. Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 97. (1787.)
Sphinx Caicus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. .3, p. 375. (1793.)
P/nyxus Caicus, Hubner. Verz. Scbm. p. 137. (1816.)
Anceryx Caicus, Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 228. (1856.)
Aticeryx Caicus, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 177. (1859.)
Ancet-yx Caicus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 203. (1862.)
Erinnyis Caicus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 72 (40).
(1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

107. eUo.

Sphinx EUo, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. 351. (1764.)
Sphin.x Ello, Linn., Svst. Nat. p. 800. (1767.)
Sphinx EUo, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 58, pi. 27, fig. 3. (1770.)
Sphinx EUo. Fabricius, Svst. Ent. p. 538. (1775.)
Sphinx EUo, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 143. (1781.)
Sphinx EUo, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 4. p. 24, pi. 301, fig. D. (1782.)
Sphinx EUo, Fabricius. Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 94. (17S7.)
Sphinx EUo. Fabricius. Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 362. (1793.)
Erinnyis EUo. Iliibner, Verz. Schra. p. 130. (1816.)
Sphinx EUo, Westw. Drurv, Vol. 1, p. 54, pi. 27. fig. 3. (1837.)
Sphinx EUo. Harris, Cat. N. A. Sph. Sill. Jour. Vol. 36, p. 297 (17). (1S3.».)
Anceryx EUo. Walker, C. B. M. Le]). part 8, p. 224. (1856.)
Dilophonotn EUo. Burmeister, Si)h. Braz. p. 13. (1856.)

Anco-yx EUo, Clemens. Svn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 175. (1859.)
Anceryx EUo, Morris. Svn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 200. (1862.)
Anceryx Ello. H-S. Corr. Blatt. p. 59 (23). (1865.)

Erinnyis Ello. Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 73 (41).
(1.S65.)
Habitat. — Atlantic, Tropical Insular and Continental Districts!

108. alope.

Sphinx Alope, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1. ]>. 5S, pi. 27, fig. 1. (1770.)

■ Sphinx Alope, Cramer. Exot. Vol. 4, ].. 2:i, pi. 301, fig. G. (1782.)
Sphinx Alope, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 94. (1787.)
■Sphinx Alope, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3. p. 362. (1793.)
Erinnyis Alopr. Hubner. Verz. Schm. p. 139. (1816.)

: Sphinx Alope. Westw. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 52, pi. 27. fig. 1. (1837.)
Anceryx Alope. Walker. C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 224. (1856.)
Dilopiionota Alope. Burmeister, Sjih. Braz. p. 13. (1856.)
Anceryx Alope. Clem., Syn. N. A. S]ih. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. j). 177. 1 1859.)
Ancen/> Alope, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 202. (1862.)
Anceryx Alope, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 60 (24). (1865.)

Erinnyis Alope, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 75 (4:!).
(1S65.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

168 [November

109. merianae.

Erinnyis Merianae, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 75 (43),
pi. 2, fig. 2. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular and Continental Districts !

110. oenotrus.

Sphinx (Enotrus, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 4, p. 22, pi. 201, fig. C. (1782.)
Erinnyis (EnotruH, Hiibner, Verz. Schm. p. 139. (1816.)
Anceryx (Enotrus, "Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 227. (1856.)
Dilophonota (Enotrus, Burmeister, Sph. Braz. p. 14. (1856.)
Anceryx (Enotrus, Clem.. Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 177. (1859.)
Anceryx (Enotrus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 202. (1862.)
Erinnyis (Enotrus, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. p. 76 (44), pi. 2,
fig. 3. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

111. melancholica.

Erinnyis melancholica, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 77
(45), pi. 2, fig. 4, (^ nee?.) (1865.)

Habitat.— Troiihc&l Insular District!

112. cinerosa.

Erinnyis cinerosa, Grote, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist. (1865.)
Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

113. pallida.

Erinnyis pallida, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 78 (46),
pi. 1, fig. 6. (1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

114. obscura.

Sphinx obscura, Fabriojus, Syst. Ent. Flens. et. Lips. p. 538. (1775.)

Sphinx obscura, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 142. (1781.)

Sphinx obscura, Fabrioius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 94. (1787.)

Sphinx obscura, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 361. (1793.)

Erinnyis Stheno, Hiibner, Saiuin. Exot. Schm. Vol. 2, Lep. 2, Sph. 3, Leg. 4,

Mand. A, Lev. 2. (1S06— 1.S24.)
Anceryx obscura, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 226. (1856.)
Anceryx obscura, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 176. (1859.)
Anceryx obscura, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 201. (1862.)
Erinnyis obscura, Grote, Notes Cub. Sp. Pr. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 78 (46). (1865.)

Habitat.— " West Indies," (Fabricius); "Mexico," (Walker); "Texas," (Cle-
mens).

115. guttularis.

Anceryx (/uttularis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 227. (1856.)
Anceryx ^guttularis, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sph. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 177. (1859.)
Anceryx ffuttulnris, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 202. (1862.)
Anceryx guttularis, H-S., Corr. Blatt. p. 60 (24). (1865.)

Erinnyis guttularis, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 79 (47).
(1865.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District !

CAUTETHIA, Grote.

116. noctuiformis.

(Enosanita nortuiformis. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. part 8, p. 232. (1856.)
(Enosanrla noctui/ormis, ('lem., Syn. N. A. Sp. .Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 187. (1859.)
(Enosnmla noctuiformis, Morris, Syn. X. A. Lej). Sm, Ins. p. 214. (1862.)
(Enosanda noctuiformis, Grote, Notes Cub. Sph. Proc. E. S. Phil. Vol. 5, p. 79

(47.) (1805.)
Cautethia noctuiformis, Grote, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. (1855.)

Habitat. — Tropical Insular District!

1865.] ' 169

AECTONOTUS, Boisduval.
117. lucidus.

Arctonotus luciduft, Boisd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2ieme. Ser. t. 10, p. 319. (1852.)
Arctonotus lucidus, Walker, C. B. M. part S, p. 265. (185fi.)
Arcio7iotu.s lucidus, Clem., Syn. N. A. Sjth. Jour. A. N. S. Phil. p. 188 (1859.)
Arctonotus lucidus, Morris, Syn. N. A. Lep. Sm. Ins. p. 217. (1862.)
Habitat.—" California." (Boisduval.)

NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.

In a " Synopsis of North American Sphingidae," * Dr. Brackenridge
Clemens has elaborately defined the structural features which limit the
Family and Mr. Grote, in his "Notes on Cuban Sphingidae," ■}" has
regarded it in the sense in which it is here intended.

The genus Sphinx of Linnaeus, which comprised series of species
united by the most general and superficial character, has been resolved
into Families by Latreille and other Naturalists, a course which has
received the sanction of continued affirmation, the result of determinate
studies of the present Order of Insecta.

The tendency in the Lepidoptera, by an ultimate variability of form
— which latter is an essential feature in family character — to afibrd so-
called connecting links, which are in reality but Analagous Types, has
induced Naturalists often to erect incoherent groups, embracing distinct
Families, or to adopt Family names for small groups of genera, held
together by peculiar and therefore varying and unequal affinities, thus
affording no scope for a conception of the Natural Plan of the Order.
Latreille, in his " Considerations Generales,"| when arranging his Family
"Sphingidae," inaugurates it with Casfnia, which latter genus later
study has removed to the Zygaenidae, || but leaves it improved by the
elimination of the .^Egeriidae (Sesiidae), a course which seems so proper
as to create surprise, that the latter Family should have been again
associated with the Sphingidae, by subsequent Naturalists.

Zoologists are agreed, that the distribution of species over the surface
of the earth is unequal, and, that areas of unequal value can be defined
within any one Continent or Ocean, that shall contain peculiar species,
which separate them into distinct Faunae. § The widest geographical

*Art. V, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Phil., pp. 97—190. (1859.)
t Proceedings Entomological Society, Phil., Vol. V, pp. 33—84. (1865.)
t Considerations Generales sur I'ordre natural des Animaux composant les
Classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides, et des Insectes; avec un Tableau Metho-
dique de leurs Genres, disposes en Families, Par P. A. Latreille. Paris, 1810.
II Packard, Notes on the Family Zygsenidte, Proc Essex Institute. (1864.)
§ Agassiz, Ess. on Classification, pp. 42 — 52, Lond. Ed., (1859); and Methods of
Study in Nat. Hist., pp. 99, 100, Best. Ed. (1863.)

170 [November

extent of these Faunae, limited by physical conditions, exhibits the
distribution of the most extensive types, within which, lesser areas are
defined, by the range of more limited and characteristic forms. Were
our knowledge sufficiently ample and methodized, it is evident that we
should discard political designations in giving the habitat of species,
and, in contributing to the knowledge of any one Zoological Order or
Family, we should seek to fix its specific distribution with a reference
to these different areas, aided by the delineation of Faunal Maps.

In an admirable contribution to Entomological knowledge, " The
Coleoptera of Kanzas and Eastern New Mexico," by Dr. John L. Le-
Conte, published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1859, such a Fau-
nal Map is prepared, illustrating the Entomological Provinces of North
America. Dr. LeConte divides the whole region of the United States
into three or four " great Zoological districts, distinguished each by
numerous peculiar genera and species" of Coleopterous Insects. We
refer to this work for the elucidation of this division, and content our-
selves here with merely enumerating the different districts, adopting
the designations which Dr. LeConte has proposed, and remarking, that,
so far as we are aware, the species of Lepidopterous Insects are distri-
buted, generally speaking, over wider geographical areas than Coleop-
terous Insects, perhaps owing to the greater development of the organs
of flight, at the expense, somewhat, of those of terrestrial progression.

The Atlantic District extends " from the Atlantic Ocean to the arid
prairies on the west of Iowa, 31issouri and Arkansas."

The Central District extends '-from the western limit of the eastern
(atlantic) district, perhaps to the mass of the Sierra Nevada of Califor-
nia, including Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona and
Texas. Except Arizona, the Entomological fauna of the portion of
this district west of the Rocky Mountains, and, in fact, that of the
mountain region proper, is entirely unknown ; and it is very probable
that the region does, in reality, constitute two districts bounded by the
Rocky Mountains and southern continuation thereof."

The Western District "is the maritime slope of the Continent to the
Pacific, and thus includes California, Oregon and Washington Territo-
ries."

We indicate in addition a Tropical Insular District, embracing the
West India Islands, and which comprehends, in all probability, the
southern extremity of the Floridian Peninsula nd the Florida Keys.
Also a second district, comprehending Mexico, Honduras, Belize and
Yucatan, including, as indicated by Dr. LeConte, a narrow strip near

18G5.] 171

the seacoast of Texas in Us northeastern Province. This maybe called
the Tropical Continental District.

The synonomy adopted in the present paper is the result of personal
investigation, almost without exception, of all the works cited. Where
this has not been possible, the citation is included in quotation marks.
Where the species is autoptically known to us, or, in a few instances,
from very reliable information, the habitat is followed with a note of
exclamation.

We have found Mr. Walker's notice of this Family the most useful
and thorough, though we have occasion to differ in certain instances
from the conclusions of that indefatigable Entomologist. Dr. Clemens'
" Synopsis" has also afforded us acceptable information as to the text;
the synonomy is, however, a literal and verbatim transcription from the
British Museum Lists in by far the greater majority of cases. Where
an improvement has been attempted, as in unitm^ F/n7anipelus Jycaon
and F. satcllitia^ it seems to have been usually at the expense of cor-
rectness.

Lepisesia flavofasciata.

Mr. Walker describes this species for the first time, in the British
Museum Lists, quoting Dr. Barnstou's MSS. as authority for the ge-
neric and specific names adopted. Dr. Clemens has omitted this refer-
ence to Dr. Barnston, giving Mr. Walker as the authority for the spe-
cific name, while copying the description from the British Museum
Lists, being autoptically unacquainted with the species. Mr. Grote, in
his introduction to his -'Notes on Cuban Sphingidie," erects the present
genus for it, comparing its structure with the typical European species
of Se-<ia. We consider its present position at the head of the Tribe,
authorized by the peculiarities of its structure, and are unwilling to in-
terrupt the continuity of the following genera by the interpolation of
this genus, which is so intimately allied to Sesia. The peculiarly neat
and elegant little species of which this genus is composed, has not been
very clearly described by Mr. Walker, and we give here its more detailed
description as follows : Black. Above, the thorax and head are clothed
with pale yellowish-sericeous, erect hair, mingled with blackish scales.
Laterally, the palpi and the orbits of the eyes are deep black. Abdo-
men black, with sericeous hairs above on the basal segment. Anal
tuft black, with lateral sericeous sub-tufts. The anterior wings are
blackish with obsolete ornamentation; a rather broad, semi-diaphanous,
sub-terminal band, composed of sparse and whitish scales, extends
evenly and obliquely from costa to internal margin; the terminal por-

172 [November

tion of the wing is less thickly covered with scales, acquiring a paler
tinge than the basal portion. Posterior wings black, with a broad, cen-
tral, bright fulvous fascia, which contracts, triangularly, towards inter-
nal margin, before anal angle becoming somewhat linear and sinuate.
Beneath, the anterior wings at base are largely covered with bright
fulvous squammation; the central fascia on posterior wings is whitish.
Legs and under thoracic and abdominal regions, black. Exp. % 1.60
inch. Length of body .80 inch.

The color and peculiar Sesia-like sericeous squammation of this
pretty species, are very suggestive of the hymenopterous genus Bora-
bus, notwithstanding the opacity of the wings.

SESIA, Fab. emend, nob.
The generic term Sesia Fab. is used in a comprehensive and vague
sense at first by its discoverer, as an improvement upon Linnaeus' genus
Sjihiiix. In the Entomologica Systematica, p. 379, 1793, it is thus
defined: "/'a//)?! duo reflexi. L/j^^yua exserta, truncata. Antennse cj-
lindricae." Fabricius there includes under it first, certain species ot
Sphingidae which are comprised in the present Tribe Macror/Jo^slni ;
then the species of the Family JEgeriidoe (Sesiidae). Through the
observations of different Entomologists the term has at length been re-
stricted by Mr. Walker, in 1856, to the species with more or less vitre-
ous wings; that Entomologist using it in a synonymical sense to the
genus Cephonodes Hiibner, a genus of which Scsia llylas Fab. is the
type, and to which latter species, from autoptical examination, we are
satisfied it may with propriety be confined. In studying the Ameri-
can species grouped under *SV.s('a by Mr. Walker, we have become sat-
isfied that distinct genera have to be eliminated, and that the Eu-
ropean 8. fiicifurmix and S. homhyliformu, and the American S.
difiinis, off"er distinctive features from S. tht/she Fab. and allies, and that
to the former the generic term proposed by Fabricius should be restricted.
As thus understood, the genus IS'sia off"ers the following structural cha-
racters : The head is globose, free from the thorax; the palpi, which
are loosely haired, extend as far, but not beyond the steep clypeus.
The antennne are somewhat suddenly swelled towards their outward
extremity, and are much constricted at base. The prothoracic parts
are square in front, but moderately advanced before the insertion of
the primaries. The wings are small; anterior pair slightly depressed
at the apices, rounded along external margin, which is not very oblicjue.
The abdomen is wider than the thorax, stout and plump, ending rather
squarely, terminal segments not sloping down to the apex. The plump

1865.]

173

corporal parts are covered with long, downy, erect squammation, which
is iienerally of a yellowish-sericeous color, with a greenish shade above
on the thoracic parts. The prebasal abdominal segments are clothed
with black, rigid hair; the anal segments show a slight fulvous shade
on the thick sericeous squammation above. The wings are largely
vitreous, with narrow borders. The under surface shares the charac-
teristic, downy squammation. The legs are finely scaled, slender, with
two nearly ecjual spurs at the base of the middle tibia}. The species
form two groups. The first comprises S. fuci/ormis and *S'. dijfinis, in
which the borders of the wings are vei'y narrow and the discal cell is
free and naked. The second comprises S. iomhyliformis, in which the
wider borders are dark dull reddish-brown ; the discal cell traversed
longitudinally by an almost imperceptible linear thickening of the tegu-
ment, covered by distinct scales, which latter appear as if covering a
longitudinal vein.

H.5;MaRRHAGIA, nov. gen.
When we compare aSV.sh^ tliijshe. Fab., and allied species with the
species of Si'xia, as above restricted, we meet but the character of the
vitreous wings, though that itself somewhat modified, to authorize their
congenerical association. The head, in ♦S' fhi/afjc Fab. and allies, is much
flattened above; the closely sealed palpi extending beyond the sloping
clypeus. Antennae long and stout, gradually narrowing to base. The
epicranium is broad behind. The prothoracic parts are well produced
before the insertion of the primaries, and slope in front toward the
caputal base. The wings are large and acuminate; in the typical spe-
cies the apex is much produced, the external margin very oblique and
quite uneven, not rounded. The hind wings are large and broad, be-
ing well developed posteriorly. The abdomen is long and rather stout,
anal segments slightly and gradually contracting. The squammation
is very distinctive and nui ffe urn's. The corporal parts are clothed with
even, rather sparse, appressed hairs, which lie closely to the surfiice.
The coloration is rich claret brown ; the head, thoracic parts and basal
abdominal segments, above, are of difi'crent shades of green. The wings
are broadly margined and are more or less intensely reddish-brown;
the tegument at internal margin and anal angle of posterior wings is
much exaggerated and tliickly covered with scales. The under surface
of the body is covered with short appressed squammatioi;, whitish on
the under surface of palpi, thoracic region and legs, the latter with two
very unequal spurs at the base of middle tibifc. The species are evi^.-:^ . p -j^
dently allied to Arllapos tliibner, and form an intermediate poaJiJi^^L"!^,^

uj( LIBRARY

174 [November

preparing us for that genus. The discal cell is retreating, nervules
longer than in Sesia. Like Sesia, this parallel genus affords two
Groups. The first contains H. gracilis, nob. which approaches the
opposed Group of Sesia, in appearance. In this species the discal cell
is free and uncrossed by any longitudinal fold or scales. The head
approaches Sesia in structure, while the characters in their entirety
induce us to refer it as a Group of the present genus, with which its
squammation agrees. The second Group contains S. thijshe Fab., S.
fuscicaudis Walk, and probably *S'. rujicaudls Kirby, non Walker, and
is the more typical Group of the genus and upon which the above
diagnosis is generally based. The palpi exceed the clypeus greatly
and are converging at the tips. The discal vein is longitudinally
crossed by a line of scales, though a thickening of the discal mem-
brane beneath is not appreciable.

Haemorrhagia gracilis, nov. sp. (PI. 3, figs. 1 & 2'^.) ''

Form somewhat small and slight. Head and thorax above, clothed
with olive green appressed hair; basal segments similarly colored.
Palpi, black at the tips, whitish beneath. Orbits of the eyes white, in
front of these, a few whitish scales. Laterally the under thoracic parts
are clothed with long white hair, extending from behind the eyes to
base of secondaries. Wings, vitreous ; anterior pair largely dark red
at base, the scales encroaching on the discal cell from the base. Discal
cell free. External margin with a moderately broad, dark red, even,
band, which is brighter stained apically, narrowing to internal angle.
Internal margin clothed with dark red scales. Posterior wings dark
red, paler on internal margin and above anal angle. Centrally, these
are vitreous, the diaphanous space crossed hj Jive nervules. Abdomen,
except basal segments, dark red ; third basal segment fringed anteri-
orly with pale hairs; fourth, dorsally with a few similar colored ap-
pressed hairs; fifth and sixth with a few pale lateral hairs. Anal tuft
black laterally, centrally pale red. I nder surface pale red ; abdomen
pale red, with a central subobsolete series of pale spots composed of a
few agglomerated hairs. Laterally, spots of similarly colored hair at
the base of the segments; posteriorly the segments show a narrow edg-
ing of black hairs. The sides of the abdomen show sub-tufts fringed
above with pale yellowish, similarly colored hair, to that forming the
lateral and central series of abdominal spots Anal tutt concolorous
with abdomen beneath ; extremities of anal hairs, black. xVnterior
femora clothed with thick white hair; similar hair also covers the un-
der thoracic part centrally. Anterior tibite pale red, as are also the

1865.]

175

uiiddle and posterior legs, both femora and tibise. ^laxillfe well devel-
oped. Posterior wings beneath, with a pale yellowish patch at anal
ano-le. Exp. % , 1.75 inch. Length of body .85 inch.

//„^//„^._Canada West (Saunders). " New York State " (Walker).

The marginal baud on the anterior wings is not dentate between the
veins as in »S'. th^sbe Fab., from which the present is amply distinct by
its smaller size, differently colored legs and free discal cell, while we
have above discussed its structural position as forming a Group in the
present genus.

This species is evidently the S. rujicaudis of Mr. Walker, judging
by the description in the British Museum Lists. It can in no event
be reo-arded as a variety of *S^. thiyshe, while we call the attention of
Lepidopterists to the formation of the inner margin of the outer band
on the anterior wings as affording specific character, in separating the
species of this genus. In IT. tlujshc it is very dentate inwardly on the
interspaces.

Haemorrhagia raficaudis, Kirby. sp. non alior.

The description of this species given by Kirby, reads as follows : —
•' Body yellow-olive, underneath pale yellow. Antennas black ; prima-
ries reddish-brown, hyaline in the disk, with the hyaline part half di-
vided towards the base, with a costal bar, covered with yellow olive
hairs at the base; underneath the costa, the posterior margin and the
nervures are dark ferruginous ; there is also a yellow stripe on the in-
ner side of the base; secondaries hyaline in the disk; base externally
and costa yellow; internally the base is ferruginous ; underneath the
dark part of the wing is ferruginous, and the base pale-yellow : two
first segments of the body yellow-olive, two next black, the rest ferru-
ginous with pale yellow lateral spots. This species appears to be the
American representative of Scuia fudformls which it greatly resembles,
but differs in the color of the tail and the base of the secondaries."

Wer; we satisfied as to the species Kirby intended by S. facifor-
mu, the present species might be regarded as related to S. (liffintu
Boisd. sp. As it is, we think that a species of Hxmorrhagia is meant,
while the species has not been since identified. Kirby 's descri])tion
presents too many points of difference with //. /jraci/is, to allow us
to refer that species as intended, while Mr. Walker evidently describes
our species as intended by Kirby. Dr. Clemens is autoptically ac-
quainted with neither species while, properly keeping Mr. Walker's and
Kirby's descriptions apart. In dismissing the present genus from con-
sideration, we remark that the Asiatic .S'. radidim Walk., may belong

176 [November

to Haemorrhagia ; S. Hylas Fab., as we have already remarked, and
probably also 8. Gunninghami Boisd. sp., should be referred to Cepho-
nodes Hiibner.

A mutilated specimen from the most northern parts of Canada West
is before us, which evidently forms a distinct species from H. thyshe.
In this species, which is altogether slenderer than its congener, the
inner margin of the terminal band on anterior wings is nowhere den-
ticulate in the interspaces, but is medially, somewhat inwardly, pro-
duced. "We are not indisposed to regard this as Kirby's species, but
the inferior condition of the specimen prevents all conclusions. The
discal cell is crossed by a longitudinal scale line, the species belonging
to the more typical group of the Genus Hxmorrhagia.

Aellopos tantalus.

Since Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens have confounded the present spe-
cies and Adlnpos titan together, we do not cite these Authors in the
synonymy of either species. We do not find that Authors, since Lin-
naeus and Fabrieius wrote, have identified Sphinx Ixion Linn., a name
to which Mr. Walker refers as a synonym to Mua^oglossa Tantalus
Walk. Linnaeus' descriptive phrase reads as follows, while the absence
of any reference to the superior abdominal white band prevents our
considering the probability of Cramer's .S'. titan being intended : " Ixion.
26. 8. abdomiue barbato: lateribus punctis utrincjue 4 niveis. M. L.
U. Habitat in calidis regionibus." Syst. Nat. p. 803. Fabrieius in
his '' Entomologia Systematica" refers S. Ixion as a synonym to S.
tantalm, citing Cramer's figure, Plate 68, fig. F, and doubtless without
autoptical knowledge of the species which now appears to be lost.

Amphion nessus.

Hiibner, in erecting this genus in his •' Verzeichniss," associates with
it, apparently erroneously, Cramer's 8. Brennus, Plate 398 (396), fig.
B (D), referred to the genus Cliserocampa by Mr. Walker. The Ame-
rican species is evidently regarded as the more typical of the genus by
Hubner, who enumerates it first. A. nessus is geuerically distinct frum
Thfjreus ahhotii, and it seems proper to retain Htibner's generic name
for the species.

Hemeroplanes pseudothyreus.

This species resembles S. oiclus Cramer, from Surinam, in the dis-
position of the prothoracic markings; otherwise it is very distinct from
both Cramer's figure and description. 'J he latter reads as follows: —
'• Ce Sphinx a sur le beau dessein de cha(|ue aile superieure, trois pe-
lites taches d'uu lustre argeute, dont I'une est placee vers les jointures,

1865.] 177

et les deux autres sur le milieu, vers le bord exterieur. En-dessous le
corps est d'un rouge brun clair. Sur I'abdoiuea quatre points blancs.
Les ailes inferieures vers le corps sont blanches ; le reste avec les ailes
superieures sont bandes transversales dentelees brunatres. La trompe
est longue."

Perigonia restituta.

To the kindness of Mr. J. W. Weidemeyer we are indebted for in-
formation about this MSS. species, of which Mr. S. Calverley has
shown us a figure made under the superintendence of Mr. Walker.
It is an elongate species with rather narrow wings, and belongs to the
typical group of the genus which contains F. htsca, P. stulta, and P.
le/ebn-ii. The posterior wings are much produced at anal angle, which
is shaded with yellow scales. The median yellow demi-band, which is
characteristic of the genus, extends from the costa, where it is broadest,
to about the centre of the wing, where it terminates with a rounded
inward inflection. It is from Mexico. P. suhhamata and P. glauces-
cens, present structural differences compared with the species cited
above, and which are more typical of the genus; the figures which we
have seen of these latter two of IMr. Walker's species, suggest that these
might be separated generically from Perigonia.

Proserpinus gaurae.

It is very probable that the species described by Dr. Clemens under
this name from Texas, is not the same as the one intended by Abbot
& Smith, since the Texan species is stated by Dr. Clemens to disagree
with Abbot's figure in the conformation of the external margin of an-
terior wings, and. from the description, it would seem to differ also
slightly in coloration.

ETJIEOSERPINUS, nov. gen.

Wings entire: anterior pair large, rounded superiorly along external
margin, much excavated before the exserted internal angle; internal
margin straight. Secondaries reduced, subtriangulate, hardly excavate
beiore anal angle; external margin slightly rounded. Antennae, stout,
flexuous and long. Head, rather small; prothoracic parts but slightly
advanced before the insertion of the primaries. x\bdomen, slender, well
exceeding the secondaries, furnished with regular series of long hair-
tutts on the terminal segments above, and laterally the anal segment
with a spreading terminal tuft.

We erect this genus for a small California species of the present
Family, which, while allied to Proxerpinm^ differs by the small, reduced
secondaries, longer antennae and tufted abdomen. We are indebted to

178 [November

Mr. J. W. Weiclemeyer for the information respecting this singular
little species, which, we believe, has not been hitherto described, while
an excellent figure, shown us by Mr. S. Calverley, enables us to present
the present description and to fix the species. It appears that Dr.
Boisduval has etiquetted a specimen in his cal)inet as Proaerpinus
Phaeton.

Euproserpinus Phaeton.

Size small ; anterior wings of a bluish shade, costa at base tinged
with testaceous. A blackish, regularly lunulate transverse line, ano-u-
lated below costa, runs inwardly obliquely from costa to internal mar-
gin at basal third. Between this line and the base of the wing are two
blackish parallel marks below costa. A few blackish scales on the
discal cross-vein. Median space even in width from internal margin
until above the angulation of the first transverse line, when it widens
to costa. Subterminal space pale brownish-testaceous, defined inwardly
by a distinct blackish transverse line, and similar to the front, exca-
vate between the nervules and slightly arcuate before costa. An in-
terior narrow line, furcate below costa; subterminal space raar"ined
outwardly by a very distinct, blackish, shade band which is slightly
sinuate and not excavate. Terminal space dull bluish, concolorous with
median. Posterior wings whitish, shaded with brownish testaceous at
base, and with an even, distinct, broad, black subterminal band, which
leaves a very narrow whitish terminal border and does not attain anal
angle.

Tegulae, lined within with darker lines; corporale parts darker but
concolorous with primaries ; above, the abdomen shows some darker
shades; anterior tufts, of which the first extends across the abdomen
above, paler; those on anal and pre-anal segments, blackish. Exp. 1.50
inch. Length of body .65 inch.

CHCEROCAMPA.
The species arranged under this genus may be resolved into three
groups. The first contains C. gun(Ua<:hil H-S. and C. invrata Grote,
in which species the anterior wings are not at all falcate; the external
margin is rounded and the ornamentation is modified, since a strai"-ht
narrow, subterminal, darker shade line is drawn across the win<is. The
second group contains apparently C. ncchntt, C. thalussinu, C. porcus
and C. nitulala. These are rather stout, heavy species, haviu"- the
external margin sinuate; the coloration is green and brown, with dif-
fuse spots and bands. The third group contains apparently C. pnicne.,
C. versuto, C. tersa, C. rvhinsonii and C. falco. These are slender

1865.] 179

species, having the anterior wings more or less falcate, and crossed by
fine, striate, pale lines, which are quite characteristic. This latter
group is well represented in Asia and Africa, to judge from authors,
where the species sometimes acquire argent metallic lines and tinges.
As to C. (Irancus Cramer, sp., quot'^d by Mr. Walker as occurring in
the West Indies, Cramer gives the habitat plainly as " Indes Orien-
tales." Cram. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 56. This habitat is erroneously trans-
lated by Mr. Walker, who has not identified the species. Dr. Clemens
copies Mr. Walker's erroneous habitat, evidently without having referred
to Cramer's work. The different genera in this Tribe are remarkable
in having green and brown species, while Mr. Grote has remarked that
certain larva belonging to this same Tribe show indiflFerently these two
" cosniical tints" at maturity. In the genus Oh(s, 0. choerihis is brown,
the rest more or less green. In Chserocampa, C irrorata Grote, and
generally speaking the species of the third group, are brown or brown-
ish. In Phi'lanjpelus, P. achemon and P. fi/jjJion assume a brownish
hue. etc.

Deilephila intermedia, Kirby.

This species, which is not yet identified, may be the same as D. cJin-
mpfntrH Harris, but for the present it is best to keep it distinct, since
Kirby's insufiieient diagnosis could hardly entitle it to take precedence
of Dr. Harris' species, though anterior in point of publication. The
description in the Fauna Am. Bor. reads as follows: ''This species is
intermediate between D. Euphorbia and D. gah'i, which last it most
resembles, but the anterior portion of the mesal stripe of the primary
wings is pale rose color; the fringes of their inner margin, and of the
posterior of the secondaries is white ; there is no series of white dots
on the back of the abdomen, and the ventral segments are fringed at
the apex with white hairs. This description was taken from an old
specimen, apparently somewhat faded."

Deilephila lineata.

Fabricius.iu his late works, himself regarded our species as identical

with the European D. livornica. We refer to Mr. Grote's recent paper

for remarks on the synonymy of this species, as well as on D. chanise-

nrrii Harris.

Philampelus vitis and Philampelus Linnei.

Linnaeus is the first to describe a species of Sphinx under the spe-
cific name of cltU. His diagnosis reads as follows : " S. alis cineris
fusco variis: posticis margine interiore sanguineis." He refers to M.
Merian's fi<i;ure, T. 47, fi<r. 1, Ins. Surin., and adds: •' Alae inferiores

180 [November

macula nigra in disco, et fascia nigra postice." The Plate of M. Me-
rian's referred to, represents two distinct species. The lower figure
on the Plate seems to us to represent Philampelus It/cnou Grote. The
upper, and the one probably intended by Linnaeus, while neither figure
is numbered, represents the species which we intend here as P. vifis.
The figure is gross, and in the uncolored copies might be readily mis-
taken for a second species which we describe here as PhilampphiH
Linnei, which has been figured by Cramer on Plate 2GS, figure E, a
figure which has been confounded with that on Plate 267, fig. C, by Mr.
Walker and Dr. Clemens. M. Meriun evidently mistook the two spe-
cies which she figures, for sexes of one and the same species. We
quote: "een schoner Uil voortquam, gruen en rood met ligte leverwige
streepsen, haar smuit en hornjes waren gout geel, die Mannetjes wareu
schoonder als die Wyftjes." The upper figure has the pink terminal
band, which is characteristic of PJt.ilamprlus vifis, nob, and this feature
is decisive as to the species intended. Drury, in 1770, is the first En-
tomologist after Linnasus to figure and describe Linnaeus' Sphiux vitis.
His figure, which is very satisfactory, represents the slighter species
with the terminal pink band, and this figure is mistakenly quoted with
Cramer's Plate 267, fig. C, and Abbot & Smith's Plate 40, by Mr.
Walker and Dr. Clemens, in the synonymy of the species figured by
Cramer on Plate 268, fig. E, and which these authors determine as
Sphinx vitis Linn. In 1776 the authors of the Wiener Yerzeichniss
figure Sphinx vitis Linn, on the two colored Frontispieces to their work.
The figures agree with Drury's. In the same year Sulzer figures the
same species as Sphinx /nsciatus Sulzer, a name which is therefore a
simple synonym of Sphinx vitis Linn., while, without having seen the
work, Mr. Grote has hastily supposed that Sulzer's figure represented
the second species, misled by the incorrect synonymy of Mr. Walker
and Dr. Clemens. Cramer next, in 1782, figures the *S'. vitis of Lin-
ngeus correctly on Plate 267, while mistakenly figuring on Plate 268,
and for the first and only time, the second species — Philampelus Lin-
nei, nob — as the female of S. vitis. Cramer criticizes, on another page
of his work, the course of Sulzer in re-describing Linnaeus' ,S. vitis
under the new name of /S'. fasciatas. In 1797, Abbot & Smith figure
Sphinx vitis. Their excellent figure represents the same species given
by Drury, the W. V. and Cramer (Plate 207). Both 3Ir. Walker and
Dr. Clemens quote the figure of Abbot k Smith's in the synonymy of
their P. vitis, which, as already stated, is not tliat of Merian, Linn,,
Drury, " W. V.," nor of Abbot & Smith. Dr. Clemens adds to the

18G5.] 181

confusion by describing the larva from Abbot & Smith, which of ne-
cessity belongs to the figured imago, as that of F. vitis Clem., while
this larva in reality belongs to the species described as Philampelus
jussicnte Clemens. In 180G — 182-4 Hiibner twice figures Spliinx vitis
under the specific name of Jussieuse, a name drawn apparently from
the food plant represented by Abbot. Hiibner's figures are, as usual,
excellent, but not better than Drury's and Abbot ct Smith's represen-
tations of this species. This name of Hiibner's must therefore be added
to the synonymy of iSphinx vitis Linn., as stated by Mr. Grote. In
1839 Dr. Harris describes the Sphinx vitia nob, erecting for it and
allied species, the <^enns Phi fampelus. It is very evident that Dr.
Harris' description belongs here, though again misquoted by Mr. Walker
and Dr. Clemens. Dr. Harris describes a species under the specific
name of Hornbeikiuna, from specimens received from St. Thomas, W.
I., which is perhaps the species described by us as P. Linuei, while we
note the disparities which prevent our acceptance of Dr. Harris' spe-
cific name for our species. In 1856 Mr. Walker retains the name of
P. Jussieuse. for the species figured by Merian, Drury, " W. V.," Cra-
mer (Plate 267), Abbot & Smith, and described by Linnaeus as Sphinx
vitis, and by Dr. Harris in 1839 as Philamprlus vifis. Under " /^.
vitia'' Mr. Walker describes the species figured by Cramer on Plate
268, and which we describe as Philainpehis Linnri^ since it appears
that it is undescribed until now, having been uniformly mistaken, for
some reason or other, for the Sphinx vitis of Linnaeus and the earlier
authors. In 1859 Dr. Clemens adopts Mr. Walker's synonymy, while
describing the larva of Sj^hinx vitis Abbot & Smith, under the species
which is evidently Philampelus Linnci nob., as ah'eady stated, in ad-
dition remarking, that -'this species (i. e. P. Jussieuse, Clem. = S. vitis
Linn. = Philampehis vitis Harris) approaches S. vitis (i. e. Si>hinx
vitis Cram., Plate 268 non alior =: Philampelus Liiuiei nohis) so nearly
in ornamentation that I am disposed to regard it as a variety," a view
which Mr. Grote has already contradicted, and which we regard as
quite erroneous in any sense.

Philampelus vitis. Harris.
Sphin.r vifis. Linnaeus.

Wings narrower and more acute. Anterior wings with the external

margin straight, nut rounded. An inwardly slightly arcuated, even,

obli((ue, fuscous fascia runs fnjm the costa before the apex to about the

centre of the inner margin, joining. beyDin' the disc, at the middle of

the wing a similar broad, longitudinal fascia, which emanates from the

182 [November

base of the wing. Ground color of the wing dusky olivaceous; costa
and terminal space obscure brownish. Nervules indefinitely marked
with fuscous scales. The oblique fascia sends off a branch before costa
to the apex, and outwardly, before internal margin, is divided narrowly
by olivaceous scales which cause an outward parallel line to appear.
A discal spot, enclosed by fuscous scales above the central fascia. A
narrow, transverse, fuscous line intersects the olivaceous space on in-
ternal margin, running straightly from the central parallel fascia to in-
ternal margin and forming the inner defining line of the V-shaped
patch on internal margin which is characteristic of the genus.

Posterior wings dull pale greenish inwardly. Along the external
margin, from costal angle to medio-posterior nervule, is a broad termi-
nal pink band, within which a broad black fascia, interrupted by green-
ish scales on the nervules, and terminating below medio-posterior ner-
vule, in two narrow lines, outside of which latter is a brownish square
space above anal angle. Internal margin and anal angle, largely pink ;
two large black spots below the disc, merely separated by a few pink
scales ; a few white scales within the terminal black lines above ar.al
angle.

Phila "•'plus Linnei, nob. (Plate 3, fig. .3, 9-)
Sijlciix Vitis, Cramer, Plate 2(58, fig. E.

Wings broader and more rounded. Anterior wings with the exter-
nal maririn undulate and rounded. An irreg-ular broad fuscous fascia,
lined inwardly with whitish scales, runs from costa, before apex, to in-
ternal margin, enclosing an irregular, coincident, darker, outward line
of scales, and sending off" a more yellowish broad branch, before costa,
to apex. First, second and third inferior median nervules marked with
fuscous and whitish scales. A broad, darker, parallel, fuscous fascia
runs from the base of the wing to the first, which it nearly attains
beyond the disc, but is separated by a few olivaceous scales. Ground
color of the wing, dark intense olivaceous. Costa and terminal space,
obscure brownish. Two olivaceous discal dots, enclosed by fuscous
scales above the central fascia. A geminate, fuscous, irregular, trans-
verse band runs from costa to internal margin, angulate above the cen-
tral fascia, and forming, on internal margin, the inner defining limit to
the olivaceous V-shaped patch which is characteristic of the genus.

Posterior wings light green; a large rose-colored space on anal angle
and along internal margin ; a large rectangular black spot within; two
narrow median lines, the inner — black, most distinct, and joining the
large black spot at the outer inferior angle, the outer — faint, glaucous,

1865.] . 183

contiguous to subterminal band, bent before anal angle ; a broad, sub-
teruiinal black baud, widest at costa, narrowing to anal angle, before
which it is suddenly constricted; terminal space narrow, nowhere
pinkish, obscure brownish; external margin more rounded than in P,
vitis.

As regards Philampelus Ilornheclciana, we are indebted to Dr.
Packard and Mr. Sanborn for the information that a thorough search
into Dr. Harris' collection, kindly undertaken at our request, has failed
to detect any specimen resembling Dr. Harris' description of this spe-
cies, or so labelled. While Dr. Harris' description would seem to imply
that P. Linncl nob. is intended, the description of the anterior wings
does not correspond, while that of the posterior wings must be incom-
plete, if it is to be taken literally. The description of the corporal parts
quite nearly correspond with our specimens of P. Liiinei, but these
have great coincidence in the present genus. Warned by the disco-
very of P. afi-i'mius, that there pi'obably exist more species belonging
to this genus than at present known, we conclude that perhaps Dr.
Harris' species may be re-discovered at some future day, while this has
been an incentive to us to endeavor to fix the limits of P. vitis since
that species has been so often mistaken by authors, as will be seen by
the digest of our synonymy, that we know of no case in this Family where
the opinions are so conflicting and the matter of references so intricate.
We trust that we have shed some light on a subject, which, adopting
the synonymy of Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens, is simply incomprehen-
sible, and could hardly lead any Entomologist into ought but error.
All the descriptions and figures we quote in the synonymy of these
species have been critically examined, and, since in this case the ac-
knowledged insufficiency of the earlier Latin diagnosis is strengthened
by a figure, which, however gross, bears a distinctive coloring which
appears to us to afford a strong specific character, we can come to no
other conclusions than those we have here presented, independent of
the concurrent te.stimony of so many of the earlier authorities on Ame-
rican Lepidoptera.

Philampelus lycaon. (Plate .3, fig. 4, 9-)

We refer to Mr. Grote's paper for remarks on this species as well as
on P. satellitia. Although Cramer's fi<2;ure of .S*. licaon wants the anal
roseate patch, still this is vaguely indicated in the description, which
is short, and reads as follows: " Ce Sphinx Entier tres rare (Sphinx
Legitima) est en-dessous de couleur minime et vers les pointes des
ailes iuferieures de couleur rousse." There is, perhaps, a third species

184 [November

to be eliminated, judging from what Mr. Walker remarks, and, in case
this should prove to be Cramer's licaon, the present will receive the
name of PJu'Iampelus postirafus Glrote. Hubner's figure, as remarked
by Dr. Herrich-Schajifer, is rather dark, but this seems to be a general
feature of all the figures of Sphingidae given in the '' Samm. Exot.
Sch.," while the course of the lines and the roseate anal patch leave no
doubt that this is the species intended. Both Mr. Walker and Prof.
Burmeister wrongly refer Dr. Harris' P. satelUtla to the present species.
The former has, in addition, given a citation of a species under the
name of, P. ampelophatja Harris, which (vide Clemens) does not ap-
pear to exist.

Philampelus Achemon.

The habitat of Cramer's S. Grantor is, we believe, erroneously given
as " Indes Orientales." The figure adequately corresponds to our spe-
cies, which had been previously figured and described by Drury under
the specific name we have here adopted.

Pachylia ficus.

Linnaeus' description reads as follows: "S. alls fusco-nebulosis: pos-
ticis angulo ani albis. Alae superiores in media puncto fusco ; macula
pallida ad apicem anticum ; inferiores supra fasciis 2 fuscis." He refers
to Merian's Pate No. 33. On this Plate M. Merian represents both
the present species and its larva and also P. inornata Clemens, imago
and larva, while the description separates two species to which diff"erent
dates are given for the escape of the imagos from the pupae. Linnaeus'
description conclusively refers to the larger species with banded secon-
daries, which is represented by M. Merian with wings extended. The
second species, P. inornata Clemens, is represented poised on a brunch-
let, the primaries partly covering the secondaries, which latter are
plainly nearly unicolorous and dark; the triangulate, costal, median,
paler patch, and the totality of the characters, leave no doubt as to the
species represented by this figure. The larvae are represented as very
distinct in ornamentation. We do not give, purposely, any references
to M. ]\Ieriau's work, or to those of authors anterior to Linimeus. In
the works of these early Entomologists proper scientific nomenclature
is not given, and, if we study theni too critically, we can only lose a
veneration which is evolved from the consideration of the early times
in which the authors wrote, without reference to their ideas, which
are too often erroneous, or to tiieir figures, which are very generally
defective. We see no propriety, then, in adopting the course of M.
Meuetries, in the matter of the synonymy of these two species, while

1865.]

185

we agree with that eminent Entomologist that the two species are quite
distinct. Prof. Burmeister confounds the two as sexes of one species,
adopting Cramer's error. Mr. Grote's doubtful citation of Westwood's
Ed. Drury is incorrect, and, so far as we are aware, the name of Grameri
is first proposed by ^Menetries, whose remarks we cite : " Cramer a figure
PI. 394, D, le Ficm male, et il y rapporte comme la femelle la figure
246. E, Cest a tort je crois qu'on a adopte son opinion ; I'Academie
possMe les deux sexes de chacun de ces papillons, qui m'ont paru con-
stituer deux especes difFerentes. Ainsi pour nous, la figure de Cr. 394,
T>, represente le veritable Firm Cr., tandis que la figure 246, E, ap-
partient a une autre espece que nous avons nomm^e Crameri."

Smerinthus geminatus.

The synonymy of this species, as given by Mr. "Walker and Dr. Cle-
mens, seems to us quite erroneous. We find no description of this
species as " Sphinx geminata" by Say, Avho, so far as we are aware,
does not mention the species except in the first volume of the " Ame-
rican Entomology." Smcrinthus Jamnicmsis Drury sp. seems to us,
judging from Drury's figure and description, quite distinct from the
northern species from the Atlantic District, while we have satisfied
ourselves that S. a-rlsii Kirby is also distinct from its near ally — S.
gemiiKitus.

Smerinthus pavoninas.

A hitherto unidentified, and, since Greyer wrote, unnoticed species of
Smpriiit/iHs.vfh'ich the author mentions having received from Penn.syl-
vania. It seems allied to S. excaratus, while Greyer compares it with
the European S. occllufus; compared with the former, Geyer's figures
offer too many points of distinctiveness to allow us to consider it as the
species intended.

Smerinthus modestus.

The genus Po/j/jjtj/chus was erected by Hiibner in his "Verzeich-
ni-ss," for thoj-e species of ASmcrinthua which may be shortly character-
ized as possessing unocellated and differently shaped secondaries.
As it stands, it contains dissonant material and cannot be accepted.
Since we are disposed, generally, to regard the species first cited under
Hiibner's genera, as typically intended, we find in the present instance,
that the Asiatic Sj^hinx dmfatus Cramer, offers structural features
which seem to authorize its generic separation from Smerinthus Latr.
as typically intended, (with which latter, Faonlas Hiibner is syno-
nymous) and that to this species, Hiibner's genus may be restricted.
On comparing ^S". modvaius Harris with the European S. pojjuli, we

186 [November

find that the species are somewhat nearly allied, while our species oflPers
differences in the structure of the antennae and in the shape of the se-
condaries, especially in the structure of their costal margin. The form
of the palpi and position of the head, very nearly correspond in the
two species. We express the opinion that dissectional study will oblige
the separation of Smerinthus modestus from the typical species first cited
in our Catalogue, while for the present we leave it in the genus in
which it was placed by Dr. Harris.

CRESSONIA, nov. gen.
A genus hitherto confounded with Smerinthus and Poli/ptijchus^ by
authors; the single North American species distinguished by the fol-
lowing characters and without a described representative in the Old
World :

The antennae are rather short and blunt; in the male, doubly bi-pec-
tinate, the pectinations stout and well developed, produced from be-
neath the antenna! stem; in the female, the antennas are simple. The
small head is freer from the thorax than in Smerinthus, and neither
so sunken in the prothoracic parts or so depressed. The acuminate
palpi are longer, more freely scaled, held free from and exceeding the
"front," divergent at the tips in the male; the clypeal squammation
forms a produced ridge. The prothorax is squarerin front; above, the
thoracic surface is more flattened, not roundedly elevated as in Smerin-
thus. The anterior wings are broad and large,
excavate, between the nervules, along the ex-
ternal margin in the female, even, in the male.
The "veins" are slight, the nervules more bent

downwards and curvilinear than in Smerinthus,
Anterior wmg of 9 Ores- . , , , i mi

soni'a, natural size. internal angle less esserted. Ihe posterior

wings are full and rounded, not " cut away" before the
anal angle on external margin — the latter emarginate in
both sexes — differing prominently from Smet-inthus in
their general shape, being more rounded and not pro-
duced apically; the costal vein is basally divaricate, os enorwingo
t J ' _ _ •' 'J Cressonia, na-

the nervules long, curvilinear and divergent. The ab- tural size.

domen is slender and elongate, and affords distinctive

characters compared with that part in Smerinthus. In

the male it is very long and slender, the anal segment

Posterior^viugofP™^'i*^^*^ with a terminal and lateral sub-tufts, giving a

Smennthus, [ge- i^l.Tp^Ytlto, appearance to the terminal segment, which is

minatus) natu- . . . . , p

ral size. characteristic. 1 his genus differs importantly from xS'.

18G5.] 187

popnlioi Europe, which Dr. Clemens has, we consider wrongly, regarded
as its "representative." The structure of the caputal parts in their en-
tirety, in particular that of the palpi, offers distinctive features, and
the position of the head and the characters drawn from the secondaries
are sui-generis. C. juglandis is much slighter than *S'. populi, and its
slender, elongate, corporal parts, contribute to give it an unusually
strong Bombycid appearance, reminding one of Apatelodes and Para-
thi/rlx. The species wants the bright colored scale-patch at the base
of the secondaries, characteristic of 8. popuU. The ornamentation and
coloration are peculiar; the parallel, oblique, transverse lines are even,
not excavate or lunulate as in S. popxdi.

Dr. Clemens remarks, concerning the larva, that it is " granulated
on transverse wrinkles, tapers anteriorly, the thoracic rings being
slender. The head is pyramidal and granulated, the vertex elevated
above the dorsum and bifid 5 caudal horn densely spined. The posi-
tion of the larva at rest is not sphinx-like; it is extended along the
midrib of a leaf, and when disturbed, throws its head from side to side,
making a crepitating noise." And of the pupa, that it " is rough, with
the terminal segments of abdomen flattened."

A study of the species comprising this Tribe has satisfied us, that
its affinities are better served by according it a central position in the
family, the Bombycid characters of the species detracting nothing from
their Sphingid qualities. Amhnhj.r^'va. the preceding Tribe, has much
affinity, in both larval and imagiual states, with Smerhitlius, and the
Smcrintkid genus Golax. Htibner, shows very plainly affinities with the
Ohserocampini. A study of the figures of foreign Smerinthini, has
confirmed this reference.

We name this hitherto undetected North American Sphingid genus
after Ezra T. Cresson, of Philadelphia, whose sterling merit as an En-
tomologist we acknowledge, and for whose kindness as a friend, we
have reasons to be grateful.

»'

Macrosila quinquemaculata.

We have been unable to find any notice of this species by Haworth,
in any of the works of that author which have been accessible to us.
Mr. E. T. Cresson has likewise kindly assisted us in the research, and
with the same result. The first notice of the species under this name,
that we find, is by Stephens, in 1828, who calls the species " Sphinx
quinijuemaculatus Haw.," giving no reference or authority for the cita-
tion; hence the name maybe merely a MSS. one of Haworth. In the
latter view of the case, the name under which Hiibner fisiures it in the

188 [November

" Sainmlung Exot. Sehm.," will be retained and the species be known
as Macrosila celeus. We note Dr. Fitch's remarks in his Ninth
Report, p. 212, where the date, 1S02, is given for Haworth's descrip-
tion of this species, but no citation is given of any work to authenticate
this reference. The critical remarks, intended to show that Dr. Harris
committed an error in his " Catalogue of North American Sphinges,"
in describing the present species as S. Carolina, are destitute of value,
when we consider the brevity of Dr. Harris' description, the fact that
both species occur in Massachusetts, and that they are properly sepa-
rated in the " Insects Injurious to Vegetation."

DILTJDIA, nov. gen.

The genera Cocytiiis, Phlcrjetliontiuii and Agrius, erected by Htibuer
in his '"Verzeichniss," appear to us untenable, for the reason that they
contain dissonant material, while the species ai"e quite confusedly
arranged, showing that Hiibner was very probably autoptipally unac-
quainted with the species to a greater or less extent. We erect the
present genus for certain robust American Sphingidae which seem pro-
perly associated with neither Macrosila or Sphinx, and have been
ah'eady superficially characterized by Mr. Grote as cinereous, roughly
haired species of " Sphinx." The type is Sphinx Brontes Drury,
(H-S., Grrote) while other species will probably be found to be properly
referred here as Sphinx leucophseata Clem., and S. Jasminearum Boisd.,
with which we are autoptically unacquainted.

The head is large and salient; prothoracic parts well advanced before
the insertion of the primaries. Wings ample; external margin nearly
straight, not rounded; internal angle produced. Posterior wings with
the external margin rather straight, excavate before anal angle. Ab-
domen long and stout; legs provided with stout spurs. The squamma-
tion is rough and cinereous, while the posterior wings are usually more
or less suiFused with darker shades and crossed by narrow black bands.

From Macrosila, the species differ by the straighter external margin
of the primaries and by the exserted internal angle, in these characters
resembling Amphonj/x, while the normal palpal conformation, with a
number of other characters, amply separate them from Prof. Poey's
genus. We do not give further characters here, of a genus which we
are satisfied should be erected, since we have insufficient material upon
which to amplify from needed dissections.

Diludia brontes.

We refer to Mr. Grote's paper for the particulars of the synonymy of
this species, lately discovered in the AVest Indies, and which conforms,

1865.] - 189

in our opinion, sufficiently with Drury's figure and description to war-
runt the assumption that it is the species intended. A comparison of
Drury's description will disclose the fact, that the differences presented
between the secondaries in Drury's figure and our species can be recon-
ciled; there remain, then, but the differing habitat given by Drury and
the superior size of his figure. When we remember the frequent errors of
the older authorities ;is to the locality of the species they illustrate, we
shall err if we accord too much weight to such references. Mr. Grote has
commented sufficiently upon the characters of ornamentation which
unite the Cuban species and Drury's figure, and we opine, that the
name of Sphinx cube7isis, proposed by Mr. Grote for the present spe-
cies in the case that Drury's species were eventually more satisfactorily
discovered, will not be available.

SYZYGIA, nov. gen.

Differing from Diludia, in the shape of the wings and proportions of
the corporate parts, the present genus contains apparently two charac-
teristic species of the present Family, which have hitherto been referred
by authors to Hijloicus and Sphinx. The antennae are very long and
massive, and are characteristic. The head is large, as are the eyes, but
not so salient as in Diludia and Macrosila ; the prothoras is rather
square in front, moderately advanced before the insertion of the prima-
ries. These latter are much rounded along external margin ; apices
depressed. The posterior tibiae are strongly spurred. The species
composing this genus are characterized by their yellowish-cinereous
squammation, which readily distinguishes them from the species of
Dilndia.

Our material is too scanty to allow us to eliminate the dissectional
characters of this Southern genus, which, as intended here, will be rea-
dily recognized. The species are Sphinx Pamphilius Cramer. PI. 394,
fig. E, from Surinam, and Sjthinx ufflirtaGvoteSrom Cuba. We give
a figure of this latter species, already described by Mr. Grote in his
paper on the Cuban Sphingidse, and which will be found to differ suffi-
ciently from Cramer's representation of S. pamphilius, as to render the
supposition of their distinctiveness a tenable one.

Daremma repentinas.

We are indebted to the kindness of Mr. J. W. Weidemeyer for the
information that Mr. Walker writes thus concerning Daremma undu-
losa, Walk. C. B. M. "This species is a mistake; it has been newly
identified as a dwarfed and slightly aberrant specimen of Sphinx
Brontes." Since we regard the ^'Macrosila Brontes?" Walker as

190 > [NOVKMBER

based on specimens of Dr. Clemens' Ceratomia repentinus, which is in
our opinion structurally distinct from Ceratomia quadricornis Harris,
we are led to propose that Mr. Walker's genus be retained for this
species, which differs from the allied genera here cited, in the reduced
caputal and prothoracic parts, characters which ally it to Ceratomia Har-
ris, and which, perhaps, occasioned Dr. Clemens' reference. Since, under
the circumstances, it would hardly be possible to satisfactorily identify
this species from Mr. Walker's description of it as Daremma undiilosa,
we have retained the trivial name proposed by Dr. Clemens, though
posterior in point of time. We have adopted the views of Mr. Grrote on
the synonymy of this species, which has been strangely confused hitherto
by authors with Drury's Sphinx brontes.

Ceratomia amyntor.

We do not comprehend Dr. Clemens' citation of Hiibner, as authority
for Ceratomia quadricornis Harris, unless it is a confusion arising from
the initial letter placed by Dr. Harris after his new species, in the
" Catalogue of N. Am. Sphinges" and elsewhere. To our knowledge
Hiibner never described the present species, but it is acceptably figured
as Agrius Amyntor by Hiibner in the " Sammlung, P]xot. Schm."
Hiibner could hardly have given this species a trivial name drawn from
larval characters, since these could scarcely be known to him. He re.
garded the species as belonging to the genus Agrius, erected in 1816
in the " Verzeichniss." Since this cannot be accepted, the term Cera-
tomia, proposed by Harris in 1839, must be retained for the genus,
which is represented by a single species of common occurrence in the
Atlantic District, and for which, following the law of priority, we must
retain the specific name under which Hiibner has figured it.

Sphinx chersis.

K similar error has been made by both Mr. Walker and Dr. Clemens
in the synonymy of this species, described as S. cinerea by Dr. Harris,
as in the case of Ceratomia quadricornis Harris, above stated. Hiib-
ner's figure is quite recognizable, and executed with the accustomed
felicity which characterizes the illustrations in the " Sammlung Exot.
Schmmetterlinge." Hiibner refers the species to his genus Lethia,
erected in the " Verzeichniss," and which term may yet be used for
the species here included under Sphinx, should Linnteus' generic term
be used in a different sense from that in which later authorities re-
gard it.

HYLOICTIS.

The species here included under this generic term, we are led to consider

1865.] 191

as congenerical with Sphinx phiastrt Linn, of Europe, a species which
is typical of Hiibner's genus Ifj/hirus, erected in the " Verzeichniss."
Mr. Walker has included these species under Anceri/x Boisd., which,
we consider, contains two distinct genera ; for the first we retain the
present term, while the second has been already separated under the
generic term Erinnyls by Hiibner in 1816, and adopted by Mr. Grote
in his paper already cited. DiJophonota Burmeister, is a simple syno-
nym of Erhmi/ls Iliibner, composed of the same species, and contain-
ing consonant material, which is not the case with Anceryx Boisd., as
adopted by Mr. Walker. Since Abbot's figure of *S^. coniferarum
Smith, does not correspond with the Noi'thern species described as
Ellemn Harrisii by Dr. Clemens, and which latter species seems respec-
tively the Sphinx coniferarum of Harris and Anceryx coniferarum of
Mr. Walker, we keep the two names separate, leaving the matter to
future elucidation, the readier, that there is a doubt on our minds that
Dr. Clemens' species is really congenerical with Hyloicus pinastri,
though probably but one species should be here considered. While
Dr. Clemens describes Sphinx coniferarum from Abbot's figure, he
adds : ^' From S. H. Scudder, Canada, near BuS'alo, N. Y.'' This
reference would seem to indicate that the species had been identified,
which we presume, however, is not the case.

Erinnyis Ello-

In a '• Catalogue des Insectes recueillis a la Guyane Francaise — par
M. A. Fauvel, Membre de la Societe Entomologique de France, etc —
five species of Sphingidae are enumerated, chiefly remarkable for the
extraordinary synonymy retained by the author. Among them is a
^^ Deifephila. Hello Boisd.," which is probably to be understood as re-
ferring to the present species.

In concluding these Notes, we would commend the descriptions of
the larvjB of certain species of North American Sphingidjfi, given by
Mr. Lintner in the pages of the Proceedings, expressing the hope that
these will be continued until the larvaa of all the accessible species
shall have been described. This will greatly assist in defining the
limits of groups and genera, many of which are as yet imperfectly pre-
scribed.

In the present " Catalogue" we have endeavored to make the syno-
nymy as exhaustive as was possible, aided by the good ofiices of Mr.
Stephen Calverley and Mr. E. T. Cresson. The genera we have re-
tained appear to us to contain consonant material, while we have indi-

1

192 [November

cated in certain instances, viz: Perigonia and Chocrocampa^ the exist-
ence of groups and species, which seem to make critical dissectional
studies and comparisons necessary to decide whether these do not, in
fact, afford distinct generic types. Since Mr. Walker compiled the
synonymy of the North American Sphingidae in 1856, no work has
appeared to our knowledge, on either side of the Atlantic, which has
entered into the synonymy to any original extent, and while we trust
that in the present Paper we have improved upon the arduous labors
of the English Entomologist, there undoubtedly remain certain points
to be elucidated and, perhaps, some citations to be added. The severer
study of the monographist will find in the North American represen-
tatives of this interesting Family, a profitable and, as yet, an unhar-
vested field.

The following species we regard as doubtful, for the several reasons
appended to the citations:

" Man'oglossa Thetis, Boisd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3iem. Ser."

This citation, given by Dr. Clemens without further reference to the
species, is all that we know, of what is probably a Californian species,
hitherto uudescribed. It is improbable that it belongs to the genus
3Iacroglossa, since, properly speaking, this has not hitherto occurred
in North America. Bearing in mind the vague sense in which this
generic term has been used by Dr. Boisduval, it is profitless to hazard
any conjecture in this respect.

"Sphin.r Japix, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 137, pi. 87, fig. C."

This species has not been discovered since Cramer wrote. The local-
ity given by Cramer of New York, is probably incorrect, unless the
gross figure disguises one of our familiar species.

"Perigonia undata, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Ft. 8, p. 103."

This species is erected upon a fragmentary specimen (abdomen and
hind wings wanting) in the British Museum, received from Jamaica.
" Deilephila oxybaphi, Clemens, 1. c. p. 145."

This species is described from a larva feeding upon the exotic plant
" Oxi/haplius vi/ctagencuay Under the circumstances it seems impro-
per to include the name in the present Catalogue, since the species can-
not be said to be fairly established.

"Sphinx rhiron, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 5fi, pi. 26, fig. 3."

The specimens described as " Chserocampa chtron'' by Mr. Walker
in the C. B. M., seem to belong to the species figured very acceptably
by Cramer under the specific name of JVechns, and to which latter figure,
Cuban specimens, examined by us, accurately correspond. Drury's
figure differs in the color of the body and in the shape and coloration of

1865.] 103

the primaries, so that it seeius better to retain Cramer's name for the
species, waiting for larger material, which might develop a variation
corresponding with Drury's figure and description.
" Charocampa thalassina, Clemens, 1. c. p. 150."
The habitat of this species is unknown.
" CkciTOcampa draneus, Clemens, 1. c. p. 151."

Sphinx drancns Cramer, as before remarked, is stated by the origi-
nal illustrator of the species, to be from the "Indes Orientales." The
species does not seem to have been re-discovered since Cramer wrote,
certainly not from the West Indies.
" Pachylia Lyncea, Clemens, 1. c. p»l 59."
This species is probably distinct from P. Jicms, and, in this event,
should retain the name proposed by Dr. Clemens, who supposed the
specimen described to be the male of Linnaeus' species.

" Sphinx scyron, Cramer, Vol. 4, p. 23, fig. 201,"

The specimens determined as Anceryx Scyron, by Mr. Walker in the
British Museum, probably belong to E. rimosa Grote. Cramer's figure
is too defective to hazard ought but conjecture as to the species in-
tended.

"Hyloicus Dyn(zus, Htibner, Zutr., 3tes. Hund., p. 19, figs. 463, 464."

This species, cited by Mr. Walker as a doubtful synonym to "-4ncc-
ryx ph'heia,'^ and by Dr. Clemens to ^' Dolba Hylaeus," is from Bahia
(Brazil) and, judging from the as usual excellent figures of Htibner,
represents a totally distinct species, hitherto undiscovered within the
geographical limits considered in the present " Catalogue."

ERRATA.

For " Chjerocampa," wherever we have used it ourselves, read " Chce-
rocampa."

Page 160, line ".il, for "Am. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. 3.3ieme Ser.82," read
"Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. t. 3, 3ieme ser. Bull. p. xxxii. (1855.)"

194 [November

ON PHYTOPHAGIC VARIETIES AND PHYTOPHAGIC SPECIES,
with remarks on the Unity of Coloration in Insects.

BY BENJ. D. WALSH, M. A.

Datana ministra, Drury. (Lepidoptera.)
Messrs. Grote & Robinson (^Proc. &c. IV. p. 491) seem to be of opi-
nion, that the black larva found on the hickory may produce a different
species of Datana from the yellow-necked and striped larva found ou
the oak, the apple, &c. The objection to this hypothesis is, that a larva
intermediate between these two form's, viz: with the longitudinal stripes
but without the yellow neck, occurs, as I have already stated, {Proc.
&c. III. p. 403) both on the hickory and on the oak. Mr. Lintner
indeed tells me, that from the black larva found on the hickory he
reared what he considers as the D. coutracta of Walker; bat from this
same black larva I myself reared the normal form of ministra, (ibid.')
and also other forms which approximate in some of their characters
towards contractu Walker and towards perspicua Gr. Rob. In fact I
have little doubt that both these last so-called species are mere varieties
of ministra, based upon extreme specimens. For the distinctive cha-
racters, which are assigned to each of them, are not found exclusively
in one set of specimens bred from one kind of larva, but occur promis-
cuously, with all the intermediate grades, sometimes in one set of spe-
cimens, sometimes in another, as I shall now proceed to show.

According to Walker as quoted by Morris (Sj/nop. p. 247) Datana
contractu differs chiefly from D. ministra, \st, in having narrower front
wings; 2?u7, in the brown wing-bands being edged externally with
whitish-tawny; 3;^^', in the second wing-band being nearer the first on
the hind border of the wing. As to the first distinctive character, I
have before me, a Fitch's figure of ministra, {K Y. Rep. I. PI. iv. 3,)
h Harris's figure of ministra, (InJ. Ins. PI. vi. Q,) c I % and dl 9 bred
by myself from the normal yellow-necked larva found on the oak, e and
/2 % and ^ and A 2 9 bred from the black larva found on the hickory,
and i one captured 9 . On the most careful measurements of all these,
I find that, making the extreme breadth of the front wing iOO, its pro-
portional length is in a 191, in i 192, in c 195, in b 200, in f/ 202, in h
208, in e 211, in/ 212, and in d 213. Evidently, therefore, this cha-
racter is too variable, and connected by too many intermediate grades,
to be of specific value. As to the second distinctive character, it is ab-
sent in a, b and h, faint in c, moderate in e and obvious in d, f, <j and /'.

18G5.]

195

Here again, therefore, there are too niany intermediate grades to make
the character worth anything. As to the third distinctive character,
making the length of the wing 100 in each of the above, the propor-
tional distance of the first wing-baud from the second wing-band on the
hind border of the wing, from centre to centre, is in (Z, e and <7 5, in c
7, in / and h 9, in / 10, in h 15, and in a 16. In other words this
character is proportionally three times as strong in some specimens as
in others, with intermediate grades from one to another. In persptcua
Gr. Rob. this proportional distance is equal to nothing, the first wing-
band being confluent behind with the second. Yet, although this seems
the most remarkable of the abnormal characters concentrated in per-
spicua, it is not enumerated by Grote & llobinson among the distinctive
characters of that so-called species. It may be added here, that Walker
gives it as a character of ministra, but not of contracta, that "the space
between the first and second wing-band is a little darker than the wing
elsewhere," whereas Fitch calls this form variety e of ministra, and in
fact this character is absent in a, h and h, very faint in c and e, mode-
rate in (/ and g, and obvious in i and /; and is said likewise to occur
in conspicua Gr. Rob. Here again, therefore, it is impossible to draw
a definite line anywhere. Moreover Walker gives it as a sexual cha-
racter of the % ministra that it has one discal brown spot, and of the
9 that it has two discal brown spots in the front wing. Whereas it is
proved by the specimens now before me, that the presence or absence
of one or both discal spots is not a sexual character at all. Evidently
this author has described, not the species, but the individual, and must
have worked on a very limited number of specimens.

According to Messrs. Grote & Robinson D. conspicua " may be
quickly distinguished from the hitherto described species of the genus,
1st by its more yellow color, 2nd by the narrow anterior wings, 3rd by
the transverse lines not bordered with paler shades, 4th by the pro-
duced apices [of the front wings], 5//t by the obsolete irrorations [of
the front wings], Qth by the wider terminal space and the more crowded
transverse lines." {Proc. &c. IV. p. 490.) To take up these charac-
ters in order, \st in a colored impression of Mr. Grote's figure of per-
spicna, obligingly furnished to me by that gentleman himself, the color
of the front wing is only a shade or two yellower than in c and g, and
Fitch correctly states that in ministra "the fore wings vary from pale
buft" yellow to russet and auburn brown." (i\^. Y. Rep. I. p. 1^39.)
2.nd. Taking Mr. Grote's figure oi' perspicua as correct, and making the
extreme breadth of its front wing 100, its proportional length is only

196 [NOVRMBER

208, or considerably less in proportion, instead of much more, than it is
in e, /and d. (See above under the first distinctive character of con-
tracta.) 3/v7. See above under the second distinctive character of con-
tracta. Ath. In the figure of perspicua the apex of the right front
wing is scarcely produced at all, and that of the left front wing but very
slightly. In h they are produced fully as much as in the above fi"-ure,
and in i the right wing is produced a great deal more, with a deep ex-
cavation behind the apex, and the left wing not at all, with no excava-
tion whatever behind it. bfh. In d the irrorations are obsolete, and
subobsolete in <■. 6th. Making the length of the front wing 100, the
proportional distance from the middle of the terminal fringe to the
middle of the subterminal wing-band, from centre to centre, is in // 15,
in I 17, in a and h 18, in e 19, in c, d and /' 20, and in h 22. In con-
spiciia, according to Mr. Grote's own figure, it is only 21, or less, in-
stead of much more, than it is in h. Consequently all the above dis-
tinctive characters are connected by intermediate grades, and therefore
worthless. Neither is it true, as is stated in the description of perspi-
cua, that 7ni)u'sfr(i differs from per spicwi in the brown color of the an-
terior part of the thorax always " extending unicolorously over the pro-
thorax." For in d and g the anterior part of the brown patch is dis-
tinctly ferruginous, and in / and / it is less obviously so. Indeed Fitch
describes minisfra as having always "the fore part of the thorax bright
orange or tawny yellow, this color being deeper or brownish towards its
posterior edge." Like Mr. Walker. Messrs. Grrote& Robinson .seem to
have had but a very poor supply of material to work on.

On the whole, even in the few specimens now before me, the above
characters are so inextricably intermixed, that if contrdcta and perspi-
cua are distinct species, then every one of the seven specimens before
me must also be a distinct species. The truth of the matter seems
to be, that ministra is a very variable species, and that collectors, as
they usually do, have seized hold of a few extreme varieties and for-
warded them to systematists, who have thus been deceived into treating
those extreme varieties as species. Dntana ronsplcua is confessedly
founded upon a single specimen, and we have but to refer to Dr. Fitch's
Vanessa Lintnerii and Natludis Irene, in order to perceive how dan-
gerous it is to found new species upon solitary specimens of variable
species. As to the former species. Dr. Morris concedes that it is pro-
bably a variety of .4/i^<'o^ja. As regards the latter, a few years ago
Nathalis lole swarmed near Rock Island ; and I took in profusion in
company with each other all the intermediate grades between the nor-

1865.] 197

mal Idle and Fitcli's Irene., and many other varieties besides. Indeed
Mr. Edwards, to whom I have forwarded most of the above varieties,
expressly asserts that " Ire)ie Fitch is simply lole with a trifling varia-
tion." (Morris Sj/nnp. p. 351.) Just in the same way Dr. Harris
made five species out of the very variable Orthopterous Tutrix ornata
Say, and Dr. Fitch has made three species of the Homopterous genus
Athi/mnna — mriahUia^fenestratuS and minor — out of a single wonder-
fully variable one, which I have found in profusion on the same birch
tree in the three forms quoted as species by Dr. Fitch, together with
all the intermediate varieties, and enough others, not noticed by Dr.
Fitch, to make a dozen species as good as his.

Taking all the facts into consideration, I do not think that we are
entitled to assume that the black larva found on the Hickory is what I
have called a Phytophagic Species — i. e. that it has ceased to intercross
commonly in the imago state with the normal form found on other trees
— but only that it is a Phytophagic Variety. In the course of an in-
definitely long time, it may perhaps cease to intercross with the normal
form ; and then by the Laws of Inheritance the distinctive characters,
which are now connected by intermediate grades, will cease to be so
connected, and the Hickory form will become to all intents and pur-
poses a- true (Phytophagic) species. We find a good exemplification
of this stage in the process in the following species.

Halesidota* tessellaris Sm. Abb. (=Antiphola Walsh) and
H. Harrisii Walsh (=te8SELLARIS Harris non Sui. Abb.)

(Lepidoptera.)
I have this year carefully compared several dozen larvas of the above
two (Phytophagic) species, and find that the mature and nearly mature

* As to the orthography of this genus, Mr. Grote has the following remarks : —
"Mr. Walker, in transcribing the generic name Erinnyis from Hiibner, has
altered it io Erinnys— J or tchat ixason I knoxo not. As is the case vf\i\x Ilalindota
&ndAmp!yptertc3, which read Halesidota and Amblypterus in the Cat. B. M., I
presume it is the result of a simple error of transcription." (Proc. &c. V. p. 79.)
Clearly, in all these three cases, it is no casual error of transcription, but a rec-
tification of Iliibner's bad Greek. Authors of course are at perfect liberty to
coin gibberish generic names; and so far as my own private tastes are con-
cerned, I infinitely prefer a good, sonorous, gibberish name, such as Bembus,
Clamhus, Agahus, Datana, Nadata, &c., to the general run of would-be Greek ones.
But when a generic name is manifestly intended to be Greek — and more espe-
cially when a Greek derivation is printed along with it, so as to prevent us,
which we should otherwise often do, from considering it as gibberish — most
writers conceive that they are at liberty to spell it correctly, and reduce it to

198 [November

individuals of each diflfer constantly by the characters given in the fol-
lowing Table. The very young larvae, i. e. .15 — .20 inch long, are
scarcely distinguishable, being each of them without any pencils, and
each of them having the head yellowish-white, but rather yellower in
the former than in the latter, and the dorsal integument yellowish-white,
with the warts brown-black as in the mature ILirrisii. But so soon as
ever they obtain pencils, which is probably after the first moult, the
two middle pencils on segment 3 are invariably black in tessellaris and
invariably orange-color in Barn'sii, although occasionally in individuals,
which are less than half grown, the other colored pencils incline more
or less towards white. The color of the hair is, as I formerly supposed,
normally white in Har7'isn,h\it a few individuals occur with the hair of
a dirty white like that of the normal tessellaris. On the second seg-
ment there is in Harrisii but a single distinct white pencil under each
orange one, the second white one, which is very distinct in tessellaris,
being confounded with the long hairs overhanging the head. (See
Proc. &c. III. p. 414.) And the white pencil on segment 12 is much
less obvious in Harrisii than in tessellaris, and generally almost obsolete,
being confounded with the long hairs overhanging the anus.

something like a grammatical form. Some years ago the Editors of Silliman's
Journal, having occasion to rectify the orthography of one of Prof. Owen's sci-
entific terms, whicli was manifestly intended for Greek, observed that it was
right and projier to do so, however long and universally the term had been in
use.

Even authors who maintain, that under no circumstances is it allowable to
change a single letter in a published name, unless that name be preoccupied,
do not always practice what they preach. For example, Osten Sacken, who
avows this doctrine as the true scientific faith, has recently omitted the letter q
{quercus) in the specific names of a whole host of the Cynipidoe of the Oak, pro-
fessedly "because this addition seems perfectly useless." {Proc. &c. IV. p. 344.)
It may perhaps be useless, as apjilied to the insect, but as applied to the gall,
which is usually designated by the sj^ecific name of the gall-maker, it seems
to me to answer a very useful and desirable purpose, i. e. to specify on what
genus of plants the gall grows. Otherwise who is to distinguish between the
Cynipidous gall '' [Q.] tubicola 0. S.,'' which grows on an Oak, and the Cecido-
myidous gall "Tubicola 0. S.," which grows on a Hickory? But be this as it
may, if we have no right to change Ampli/pterus, which is impure and barbar-
ous Greek, into Amblypierus, which is pure Greek and means "obtuse-wings,"
we certainly have no right to change Cj/nips q. forticornis, which is neither pre-
occupied nor grammatically objectionable, into Cy nips forticornis. We might
just as reasonably change such elegant specific names as acerifoliella (maple-
leafiiug) and rhoi/ructella (sumach-fruitling) into/oliella and fruciclla.

1S65.] 199

H. tessellaris, mature larva. H. Harrisii, mature larva.

' Head

black.

rufous.

l>orsal integument

gi-

?enish-black,

yellowish-white, with the
warts and a ring round
each spiracle brown black.

Tlie two miilille j>oneils \
on segments 2 and W \

black,

orange color.

The two jiencils on seg- )
ment 11 J

black,

milk-white.

Now if, in the imagos of any two iusects. we found constant distinc-
tive characters one-quarter as strong as the above, no entomologist
would hesitate for a moment to pronounce them distinct species. For
example, Colias PliilodiceGoAt. is universally, and with justice, allowed
to be distinct from C. Eurytlieme Bdv., although the only constant
character that separates them is, that the first has sulphur-yellow wings
and the last orange-colored wings. Yet how slight is the difference
between sulphur-yellow and orange-color in these two species, when
compared with the differenceT between the black pencils of tessellaris
and the orange-colored or milk-white pencils of Harrisii ! And how can
we consistently rely upon a single constant character to separate two
imagos, if we refuse to acknowledge the validity of four constant dis-
tinctive characters to separate two larvae ?

It is easy to say that one of these two forms is a mere " larval vari-
ety" of the other; (see Proc.&c. III. p 586;) but those who use such
language misunderstand the very meaning of the term " variety."
True it is that many larvae vary astonishingly; but then in their case,
as in every ordinary variety, we find the intermediate grades also.
While here, as regards the i'onr distinctive characters pointed out above,
out of scores of specimens of the mature or nearly mature larva) that I
have examined, I have not found a single one that presented any inter-
mediate grade whatever.

No entomologist hesitates to consider two imagos as distinct species,
merely because the larvae are undistinguishable. In many families,
indeed, e. g. Ci/7iij)iclse, Aj)i<lse and Muscidse, very many larva3 bear so
close a resemblance to each other, that he would be a bold man who
pretended to distinguish them. Why then refuse to consider two well
characterized larvae, like tessellaris and Harrisii, as distinct species,
merely because their imagos are undistinguishable? Why lay all the
stress upon the characters of the imago, and none at all upon those of
the larva or pupa? This is as irrational, as if an entomologist were to
cut off and throw away the wings and legs of every imago which he is
studying, and persist in classifying it from the consideration of its body

200 [November

alone; much in the same way as Conchologists used formerly to neglect
and undervalue all the soft parts of a Mollusk, and decide on its syste-
matic affinities only from the characters of its shell.

But although it is difficult to assign any good reason for making the
imago the sole criterion of specific identity, it maybe readily understood
how the practice originated. The imago is easily preserved so as to
retain its characters unimpaired ; the larva is preserved with difficulty,
and frequently cannot be preserved at all without losing its shape and
its color. The imago may be collected vicariously, and studied in the
closet a thousand miles from its habitat ; in order to study the larva,
the naturalist must, in many cases, go forth personally into the woods
and the fields, and contemplate the living animal on the very spot of
ground where, and at the very time of year when, it is to be met with.
Hence the imago with many systematists has become everything, the
larva and pupa nothing. But if it so happened that larvae were easily
preserved in cabinets, and imagos with 'difficulty, then it is not impro-
bable that closet-naturalists would neglect and undervalue the charac-
ters of the imago, just as many of them now neglect and undervalue
those of the larva. Genera and species would then be characterized
almost exclusively from the consideration of the larva, just as they now
are characterized almost exclusively from the consideration of the imago;
and entomologists would be no more disconcerted at findino; two dis-
tiuct species undistinguishable in the imago, than they now are at find-
ing two distinct species undistinguishable in the lai'va state.

On the general principle that, whenever two insects diifar by con-
stant and well-marked characters in any of their states, whether egg,
larva, pupa or imago, they must be specifically distinct, unless they be
the sexes or other dimorphous forms of one and the same species, the
case of tessellaris and Harrisii might be rested here. But there is ad-
ditional evidence of their specific distinctness. The former occurs upon
a great variety of trees — oak, basswuod, elm, hackberry, hickory, thorn,
soft maple, and, according to Abbot, on beech, hornbeam, and plum —
but never, as I have this year carefully noticed, upon sycamore, (pla-
tanus;) the latter occurs exclusively upon sycamore. At first sight we
might account for these facts, upon the hypothesis that the colorational
peculiarities of Harrisii are due to its feeding upon sycamore; and that
if a young tes^clhtris were fed upon sycamore, it would gradually, as it
approached maturity, pass into Harrisii ; in other words, that the two
so-called species are mere Phytophagic Varieties. But experiment de-
monstrates the fallaciousness of this supposition. I have this year sue-

1865.]

201

ceeded in forcing two out of twenty-seven tessellaris to feed upon syc-
amore for about forty days, till they finally spun up ; yet to the very
last they retained all their own distinctive characters, and showed not
the slightest disposition to assume those of the other species. What is
very remarkable, out of forty-three Harrisli that I fed this year upon
oak, not a single one lived to spin up; but so long as they remained
alive in the breeding-cage, which was on the average about five days,
the only approximation that they made towards tessellu7'iswsiS, that their
hairs (not their pencils) generally became of a dirtier white.

In order to judge of the eft'ects of food upon these two insects, I have
this year tried the following experiments under precisely similar con-
ditions, and with every possible precaution to guard against error, l.s-^
I fed upon oak a lot of feasdlarls found upon Oak, in Breeding-cage
No. 3. 'Ind. I fed upon Oak a lot of tessellaris found partly on Thorn,
partly on Basswood, and partly on Hickory, in Breeding-cage No. 4.
Zrd. I fed upon kSycamore a lot of tessellaris found partly on Oak and
partly on Basswood, in Breeding-cage No. 5. 4:th. I fed upon Oak
two distinct lots of //cow's a found upon Sycamore, in Breeding-cages
Nos. 6 and 7. x\n accurate record was kept of the phenomena pre-
sented by each lot, which, for the sake of brevity and for the conveni-
ence of comparisons, has been reduced to the following tabular abstract.
About three-fourths of the larvEe in each lot were quite young, ranging
from .30 to .50 inch in length, and scarcely any were admitted that
appeared to be more than half grown.

Hi

iLESIDOl

'Number of
larvfe fed.

^A TESSELLARIS.

Pereentage found in
Breedihg-eage

Average* number of
days wlien found

dead

15.0

0

11.1

OTA

47.8
30.0

missing

spun up

dead

missing

spun up

No. 3 Kcinined on t)ak
No. 4 Sliifted dh to Oak
No.5 Sliittcd on to Syfiamore

No. 6 Shifted on to Oak
No. 7 " '• '•

20
23

27

IIALESID

2!

20 i

50.0
86.9
81.5

HARR

522
70.0

35.0

13.1

7.4

ISII.
0

0 1

5.0
0

5.7

' 5.4

1 47

10.1

17.1

5.7

2.5
4.3

29.9
33.7
40.0

0
0

*I give here and elsewhere what is, strictly speaking, the average number,
and not the medium number. The two things are often confounded together,
but are quite different. For example, if one larva dies in 4 days and three die
in 8 days, the average number of days is seven, but the medium number is six.
I suspect that certain writers, who profess to give the average dimensions of
insects, give, in reality, nothing but the medium dimensions. To calculate the
average dimensions of forty or fifty specimens, requires that every one of the
forty or fifty should be measured. To calculate the medium dimensions, all that
is necessary is to measure the smallest and the largest.

202 [November

Hence we may conclude 1st, that tessellaris may, witliout very ma-
terial injury to its health, be shifted on to Oak from the other trees on
which it naturally feeds; for although, of those that were retained on
Oak, a much larger percentage spun up than of those that were shifted
on to Oak from other trees, yet a considerable percentage of the former,
and none whatever of the latter, died in confinement. 2nfJ. That Syc-
amore is not a congenial food i'or tessellaris ; for a considerable percent-
age of those fed on Sycamore died in confinement, and but a small per-
centage spun up. Srd. That Oak is abhorrent to Harrisli as a food-
plant. — It may seem strange at the first view, that tessellaris can be
compelled to feed upon Sycamore up to the time of its assuming the
pupa state, and Harrisii cannot be compelled to feed for any length
of time upon Oak ; but when we consider that in a state of nature the
former is polyphagous and the latter monophagous, our surprise will
cease. It is not that Harrisii does not eat the oak-leaves furnished to
it — for the quantity of excrement on the floor of the Breeding-cage at
each shifting and cleaning out proved that it must eat them — but that,
having eaten them, it either perishes of disease superinduced by the
unnatural food, or bores its way out in despair through the millinet of
the Cage, or devours its own brethren in default of its natural food-
plant.

It will be observed from the Table that in Nos. 5, 6 and 7 the ave-
rage number of days when the larvae were found missing is small, being
only a little over four days; whereas in Nos. 3 and 4 it is large, being
a little over sixteen and a half days. The reason of this difierence is,
that in the former, as soon as the larvae were placed on the leaves, they
commenced endeavoring to escape ; whereas in the latter, they mostly
staid contentedly on the leaves until they were full-grown, when many
escaped from the Breeding-cage, probably in search of a more conve-
nient place in which to spin up.

On the whole — -however disagreeable it may be to systematists to
concede, that two perfectly distinct insects may be undistinguishable in
the imago state, and consequently that something more is necessary, to-
wards the definitive establishment of specific distinctions, than the mere
comparison of cabinet specimens of the imago — we must, I think, in
view of all the above facts, decide that tessellaris and Harrisii do not
belong to the same species. If, indeed, we first lay it down as a law,
that all forms that are undistinguishable in the imago are identical,
then all such facts as the above will go for nothing. But to do this is
merely begging the question and arguing in a vicious circle. We might

1865.]

203

just as reasonably first lay it down as a law, that all imagos that have
abdomens of the same size, shape and color are identical, and then tor-
ture Nature to fit the Procrustean bed, which we have predetermined in
our own minds that she shall lie upon, whether or nay.

There is a partial parallel to the case of these two Halesidnta in the
"alternate generations" of certain Radiata. "It is curious," we are
told, "that while very dissimilar Jelly-fishes may arise from almost
identical Hydroids, we have the reverse of the proposition, in the fact
that Hydroids of an entirely distinct character may produce similar
Jelly-fishes." {Seaside Studies by E. C. and A. Agassiz, p. 43 and
see p. 75.) Here two given Hnes either diverge after converging, or
converge after diverging. But in Halesidota the lines first converge,
then diverge, and then converge again. For it has been shown, that
the very young larvae of tessellaris and HarrisH are very nearly or quite
undistingui-shable, that the mature larvae differ as widely as any two
species of the same genus can well do, and that finally the imagos be-
come absolutely undistiuguishable.

On the supposition that tessellaris and Harrisii sprang from the same
pre-existing species, and consequently that they were primordially un-
distiuguishable in the larva state, as they still are in the imago ; we
may account for their larval differences by assuming, that the colora-
tioaal peculiarities of the two larvae afford them a partial protection
against birds and against ichneumon-flies and other predaceous insects,
and were gradually assumed on the Darwinian theory of Natural Selec-
tion. We know how many lepidopterous larvae are partially protected
from birds kc. by simulating twigs or the bark of the tree on which
they live ; and it is not at all impossible that the orange pencils kc. of
Harrisii and the black pencils of tessellaris may be mistaken by birds
and insects for a process of the particular plants on which they feed.
If we reject this assumption, we can only attribute the differences of
the two larvcTe to what Darwin calls " Divergence of Character," super-
induced by breeding "in-and-in" for ages; in the same manner as ge-
ographical varieties come to differ in process of time from one another
and from the original type.

Sphingicampa distigma Walsh and Duyocampa bicolor Harris.

(Lepidoptera.)

Having been fortunate enough to meet this year with three larvae

exactly similar to that which I have described as D. bicolor, {Proc. &c.

III. p. 425,) I had hoped to solve definitively the question of what imago

they would produce. Being confined, however, in a cage with milliuet

204 [November

sides, they all three bored through the millinet and escaped; and I
DOW recollect that the thirty or forty Dryocampa, that I have bred in
different years, were all bred in a cage with sides of wire-gauze ; although,
singularly enough, I bred my S. distigma in a luillinet cage, and not a
single larva of some twenty that I had on hand, bored its way out.
The above question, therefore, must remain for the present in abey-
ance; but I clearly ascertained that the bicolor larva is not the imma-
ture form of some other Drijocavipa — i^tir/ma or rublrunda for example
— for all my three specimens retained their peculiar colorational and
structural characters up to the date of their disappearance.

Arhopalus robini^ Forst. Walsh and A. pictus Drury Walsh.

(Coleoptera.)

The larva of jn'ctus has been fully described and figured by Osten
Sacken. (^Proc. &c. I. pp. 121-2.) That of robinise, as I have already
observed, has never yet been fully described. On June 29 I procured
six of them, .55 — .75 inch long, from a branch of locust one and a half
nch in diameter, which they had completely honeycombed, heartwood
and all. They differ in the following particulars from picfux as de-
scribed by Osten Sacken :

Is^. They have very distinct, though small, brown-black legs, the first
pair placed halfway from the centre of the sternum to the lateral edge,
and upon that fleshy, transverse fold behind the prosternum and
separated by a furrow from it, which is said by Erichson to occur
in all Cerambycidse ; the third pair on the metasternum in range with
the first; the second pair on the mesosternum considerably inside
of a line connecting the first and third. This latter arrangement is
probably due to the thoracic spiracle being, as in all Ceramhycidae as
distinguished from Lamiidse,^ located on the mesothorax and so crowd-
ing the leg inwards. Each leg is conical, not quite .02 inch long, with
a basal diameter of over .01 inch, and 3-jointed, with the last joint a
little prolonged in a slender thorn. According to Erichson as quoted
by Osten Sacken, all Longicorn larvae, except those of Lamiidse, "have
feet, which, however, are sometimes so small as to be perceptible only
when magnified even in lai'ge-sized larvae." {Proc. &.c. I. p. 119.) Yet
not only does Osten Sacken describe and figure the larva of pic f us as
apod, but he expressly says that ■' the larva of Arliopalas has no feet,
although belonging to the Cerambycldie." {Ibid.) Can it be possible,
that of two such closely allied species as rohiniae. and pictus.^ one is apod
in the larva state and the other has distinct feet? Or ax-e the feet mi-

18C5.] 205

croscopically minute in pi'chts, so that they were inadvertently over-
looked by Osten Sacken ? *

2nd. When alive these larvae were not at all clavate in front, neither
were the thoracic segments flattened above and below, as the larva
of picfus is described and figured by Osten Sacken, most probably from
alcoholic specimens. Yet after being immersed in alcohol for three
and a half months, both these characters made their appearance, although
the prothorax is still, as compared with the middle abdominal joints,
only as thirteen to eleven wide, even in the most strongly clavate spe-
cimens, whereas Osten Sacken figures that o? p ictus us in the proportion
of thirteen to seven. Since, however, he describes the prothorax of
pictus as " twice broader than long," which is also true of rohinise, the
above difierence is probably due to his specimens having been preserved
in too strong alcohol, so as to shrivel up the abdomen unduly.

Srd. When recent, the prothorax is not " brownish-yellow," but
whitish like the rest of the body, with four transversely arranged,
roundish, brownish-yellow, dorsal spots. In the alcoholic specimens,
the entire body assumes a more or less brownish tinge on the dorsal
and ventral surface, which is less obvious laterally; but even then the
prothorax is usually no darker than the rest of the body.

Besides the above two (Phytophagic) Species, there is a third species

* Baron Osten Sacken has obligingly sent me one of the larvae from which his
descrij)tion was drawn, and which, as he says, was communicated to him by Dr.
Horn, "along with the pupa and the recently escajje J imago;" and it absolutely
has no feet at all and no vestiges of any feet, under the most powerful lens.
Now, even if we assume that Dr. Horn was mistaken as to the identity of his
larva, which, as Baron Osten Sacken well suggests, can scarcely have been the
case, to what imago could it pertain? If it pertained to any other Ceramby-
cifle — e. g. Chion gart/nnicus Fabr. which is our commonest hickory borer — then
there is the same anomaly of a Cerambycidous larva without any feet. If it
pertained to a Lamiide — e. g. Monohammtis tigrinus DeGeer, which, according to
Dr. Fitch, commonly inhabits the hickory in Pennsylvania — then we have the
other anomaly of a Lamiidous larva with its thoracic spiracle, not where ac-
cording to Erichson it ought to be, viz: in the fold between the pro- and meso-
thorax, which fold as it bears the front legs in robinujc must necessarily be
prothoracic and not mesothoracic, but on the side of the mesothorax as in Ce-
ramhyridoE. For not only does Osten Sacken describe his larva as having the
"spiracles normal," but I see with my own eyes that its thoracic spiracle is on
the side of the mesothorax. On the whole, I incline to believe that the larva
o{ A. pictus is really apod, and that oi A. robinicc really 6-footed ; but as this is
so remarkable an anomaly, it would be very desirable to verify the facts by fur-
ther observations. Mr. Cyrus Thomas describes a larva found in locust wood,
which he supposes to be that q{ A. robinicc, as having "six very minute feet."
(Tram. III. State Agr. Soc. V. p. 4.30.)— Dec. !•;, 1865.

206 [December

of Arliopalus — the in/austus of LeConte, as kindly determined for me
by that author himself — the % and $ of which are as much alike as
those of rohhiise, and scarcely diflfer from my specimens of that spe-
cies % 9 ) except in the yellow bands being nearly twice as wide and
the antepenultimate one at the tip of the elytra nearly thrice as wide,
and in the legs being brown-black instead of ferruginous. With the
exception, however, of the antepenultimate one, the yellow bands of
this species are no wider than in Harris's figure of rohinise. (InJ. Ins.
PI. II. 10.) Besides the above colorational characters, there is a very
slight, but constant, structural character which distinguishes in/austus
both fvom pictus and from rohinise. In the former % $ the antennal
joints 2 and 3 are together j — J shorter than joint 1; in the two latter
species % 9 they are equal to joint 1 . Of in/anstus my friend Dr. Velie
took in the middle of September, 1864, eight % four 9 on the Platte
River in Colorado, near Baker's Ranch; and as both he and Dr. Parry,
the Iowa botanist, agree that there were no trees but cottonwoods grow-
ing within a great many miles of that locality, the presumption is that
that insect inhabits the cottonwood. In that case we have here a third
(Phytophagic) Species belonging to this group, which agrees with ro-
hinise in all the six % characters that separate that species irovn p ictus,
{Proc. &c. III. p. 421,) and also in the time of the appearance of the
imago; but differs S 9 ^^ specified above i\-om j) ictus % 9 ^^^^ rohinise,
% 9 ! '^ii'i ^Iso in its food-plant.

Callidium antennatum Newman (=violaceum Eur?) and C. lAN-

THixuM Lec. (Coleoptera.)

The former of these two very closely allied species lives in pine wood,
according to Harris, and comes out from the middle of May to the first
of June. {^InJ. Ins. p. 100.) Of the latter, as determined by Dr. Le-
Conte himself. Dr. Velie took ten specimens in Nebraska in the month
of May in and on Red Cedar, which tree they were infesting in enor-
mous numbers. Hence the two may be considered as Phytophagic
Species. lanthinum differs as follows from antennatum on comparison
with 2 S 1 9 t>f the latter received by me from the Eastern States : —

\st. The length (ten specimens) is .39 — .45 inch instead of .55 — .60
inch, or, according to Harris, .40 — .00 inch.

2/1(7. The thorax is only one-third shorter than wide instead of one-
half shorter.

3/-(/. The widest part of the thorax is a little hehind the middle in-
stead of a little be/ore the middle.

18G5.] 207

4^^. The sculpture above is, not only relatively, but absolutely
coarser, especially on the thorax.

5^/;. On the pronotum % there is no subpolished dorsal shield, bounded
Literally by a distinct unidentate stria. Dr. LeConte informs me that
this character is always met with in % anfenuntum, and it is very con-
spicuous in both my % % . I have been unable to ascertain, what are
the characters which are supposed to separate out antenna htm from the
European violaceum, which also feeds on pine, and with which it was
formerly confounded. The name seems to indicate that there is sup-
posed to be some diiFerence in the size or structure of the antennae.

CoNOTRACHELUS NENUPHAR Hbst. (Coleoptera.)
It has long been known that a race of this insect inhabits the But-
ternut and Walnut, which is full one-half longer and wider than the
race which infests the Plum. I have met with numerous specimens of
both, but never found any intermediate size. Say states, on the au-
thority of Bartram, that this insect also " destroys the European Wal-
nut iu this country," but does not notice any difference in the size of
the Walnut-inhabiting race. I conceive that the two are Phytophagic
Varieties or perhaps Species, differing from each other as do the two
races of Chrysomela scalaris Lee, which inhabit respectively the bass-
wood and elm or the dogwood and plum. (Proc. &c. III. p. 403.)

DoRYPHORA 10-LiNEATA Say and D.juncta Germ. (Coleoptera.)
I have already, in the "Practical Entomologist" (No. 1), shown that
the former of these two very closely allied species inhabits plants be-
longing to the botanical family Solanacefe, and especially the genus
Solanum ; while the latter most probably inhabits the Hickory, or at
all events does not feed on Solanum. We may therefore consider the
two as Phytophagic species.

Typically there are on the thorax of each of these species eighteen
spots, arranged in the same very peculiar pattern, viz: two large, diver-
gent, elongate ones arranged side by side in the middle, and respec-
tively between and behind these a single minute one placed on the
dorsal line ; while on each side of this four-spotted pattern are seven
small spots, five of them on the hinder part of the thorax in a quincunx
narrowed iu front, and the other two before this quincunx, scarcely
wider apart than the two hind spots of the quincunx, and obliquely ar-
ranged, so that the outer one of the two is always twice as far from the
anterior edge of the thorax as is the inner one. Now eighteen spots
may be arranged in a given trapezium in an almost infinite variety

208 [December

of diflferent patterns. If, then, these two species did not spring from
some pre-existing form, but were created originally as distinct species,
how does it come about that the same very peculiar pattern is repeated
on the thorax of each ? What possible necessity in that case could
there be, for Nature to plagiarize from herself a merely ornamental de-
sign, when millions and millions of other designs might just as well, for
anything we can see to the contrary, have been selected ? I could as
soon believe, with the old geologists, that dead fossil shells had been
created in the rocks, on purpose to deceive us into believing that they
had once been alive, as that, out of the infinity of possible patterns, a
particular one had here been selected and imprinted upon two aborigi-
nally distinct species, with the manifest result of deceiving us into con-
founding those two species together.

I have said that there are tt/picaUy eighteen spots on the thorax of
the above two species. Sometimes, however, six particular spots out of
the eighteen are some or all of them absent, the locus of the remaining
spots being still the same ; and it is very remarkable, that in the two
species it is the same particular spots that are thus absent, viz: the two
minute ones on the dorsal line and the central one of each quincunx,
which are often absent, and the spot in each quincunx that abuts on the
hind angle of the thorax, which is but seldom absent. According to the
mathematical theory of chances, this can scarcely be a merely fortui-
tous event; for the odds are enormously against any one's happening
on the same pai'ticular six numbers, twice over, out of eighteen numbers.

It is sometimes the case also, in both the above two species, that se-
veral pairs of the thoracic spots are confluent with each other. Now
we have only to imagine all of them confluent, and we get the thoracic
ornamentation found in Chrijsomcla biijshi/ana Kby, C.prsecehis Rogers,
C. elegans Oliv. and C. exdamationis Fabr., viz: a dark-colored thorax
bordered latei'ally and in front with a pale tint; and in C scripta Fabr.,
C. interrupta Fabr., C. Adonklia Fabr., and especially in C. midtipuiic-
tata Say, we find intermediate grades between the two forms. Nor is
this an entirely imaginary idea as applied to the genus Chrij&oincla.
In a series of specimens of one species of this genus, Interrupta Fabr.,
as I have already observed, {Froc &,c. III. pp. 228-9,) we find, as re-
gards the elytral markings, precisely the same gradations, from sixteen
dark spots more or less partially confluent, to a uniform dark color bor-
dered laterally and behir.d by a pale tint. Nobody doubts that these
colorational varieties of the species interrupta have all proceeded from
a common origin. Why then should we be shocked with the idea, that

1865.] * 209

the similarly different colorational forms of two such closely allied ge-
nera as Dori/phora and Chri/wmela have, ages and ages ago, all pro-
ceeded from a common origin ?

Genus Ichneumon. (Hymenoptera.)
There is another and a still stronger case of what I have called the
*' Unity of Coloration," which, as it is a very curious one, and does not
appear to have been hitherto noticed or elucidated by any author, I
may be excused for dilating on. In fact, colorational characters such
as these, which prevail throughout several species or throughout whole
genera, are usually neglected by those entomologists who occupy them-
selves in establishing new genera, because the commonly received opi-
nion is that genera must be founded, not upon colorational, but upon
structural characters; and by those who occupy themselves in describ-
ing new species, because, being found indifferently in many species,
they are of little or no value as specific distinctions. Yet the very cir-
cumstances, that cause them to be neglected by these two classes of
writers, are precisely those which render them of pre-eminent interest
to the philosophic naturalist.

The annexed figure represents — magnified about three diameters —
the front wing of any species of Ichneumon with blackish or fuliginous

-4^__/H wings, e. g. viola Cresson, Jiavicor-
nis Cress., scnichts Cress., cincticor-
nis Cress., scdestus Cvess., mnlacus
Say, morulus Say, devinctor Say,
> j^~"°' centi-afor Say, grandis Brulle, or

riifiventris Brulle. It will be observed that there are five white spots
on it, .1 . . . E, which extend beyond the limits of the vein on which
they are situated into a blister-like expanse, that has much the appear-
ance of a spot of white mould. Besides these five, there are two mi-
nute spots. F and G, which scarcely ever extend beyond the limits of
the vein on which they are located. The hem of all these spots is per-
fectly definite and never differs in any species. A is small and often
subobsolete, and is invariably located on the internal side of the areolet,
and so well forwards as to touch the radial area. B is large and obvi-
ous, and is invariably located on the external side of the areolet, and
almost always slightly behind the middle of the cross-vein which it be-
strides. C is large and obvious, and is invariably located about mid-
way between the areolet and the obtuse, salient angle of the second
recurrent nervure. which angle, as in the figure, often has a short stump
of a vein proceeding from it. D is small and sometimes subobsolete.

210 ' [Decembi;:e

and is invariably located immediately bebind tbis salient angle so as to
toucb its apex. U'ls large and obvious, and is invariably located about
midway between the areolet and the obtuse, re-entering angle of the
first recurrent nervure, which angle, like that of the second recurrent
nervure, often bears a short stump of a vein, as shown in the figure.
And F and G are minute and inconspicuous, and invariably located
on the hind end of the two hindmost cross-veins, so as to touch the
anal or postcostal vein.

Although three of these five blister-like spots, viz: B, C and U, are
obvious, so far as I can find out, in every N. A. species o£ Ichneumon
that has blackish wings, the other two being generally smaller and not
so conspicuous, and although jNIr. Cresson, on my calling his atten-
tion to the subject, kindly informs me that he notices them in many
European species with blackish wings, yet they have been almost en-
tirely overlooked by authors. Say refers to them only in his descrip-
tion of I. malacus, whei-e he calls them " bullae," (blisters or bubbles,)
and in his description of /. morulus, where he calls them "white dots;"
Cresson refers to them only in his descriptions of I. Blakei and /. sce-
lestus ; and Brulle does not refer to them at all. As to the minute
spots, F and G, though they occur, not only thoughout the genus Ich-
neumon, but in every specimen of every species of every genus belong-
ing to Ichneumonidse, (and I might add Braconidee,} that I have
hitherto examined, yet I cannot find that any author has as yet taken
any notice whatever of them.

But these five "bullfe" are not confined to those species of Ichneu-
mon that have blackish wings. I discover that, by holding the wing
up to the light, they may be detected, more or less plainly, in all the
species of Ichneumon, at least seventy in number, that are contained in
my collection, many of which have almost perfectly hyaline wings.*

*My collection comprises viola Cress. 9 {=maurusCress.=Orpheus Cress.), Jlavi-
cornis Cress. % , malacus Say 9 > saucius Cress. J (^ater Cress.), cincticornis Cress.
% 9 , morulus Say % 9 » vittifrons Cress. % , scelestus Cress. 9 ,extrematis {-must)
Cress. % 9 > unifasciatorius Say % , otiosus Say % 9 > agnihis Cress. 9 ,pulcher Brulle
%, coeruleus Cress. 9 (=true 9 oi pulcher /), Jucimdus Brulle 9> Grotei Cress. %,
flavizonatus Cress. %, atrifrons Cress. 9> comptus Say %,27aratus Say (1836) %,
comes Cress. 'J, '^ ,demnctor Say ^ ,fuscifronsf Cress. ^ , pectoralls? Say % ,funes-
ius? Cress. 9> centrator Say 9» suturalis Say 9) seminiger Cress. 9 (=riciwM5
Cress.), annul ipes? Cress. 9 {=pusillus Cress.), grandis Brulle 'S 9 ( S ^ambiguus
Cress., ^ =regnatrix Cress.) and rujiventris Brulle % 9 (=«e«iicoca7teMS Cress. =
incertusQr&ss.) The remaining thirty-nine species are not described either by
Say, Brulle or Cresson, and are probably most of them new. As regards the
synonymies given in the above list, it is projoer to add here, that I do not find

1865.] 211

Ou the other hand, in other lehneumonidous genera there exist homo-
logous spots, but often different in number or difiPering slightly in their
location, though they are manifestly modifications of the same primordial
pattern. For example in Tror/itu^ where the pentagonal areolet oi Ich-
neumon becomes rhomboidal by the elimination of the upper side, A
generally covers the whole angle formed above by the union of the
inner and out<3r sides of the areolet, and the other four bullau are placed
as in Jrhnrumon. lo Fimpla and Ephialtcs, which also have a rhom-
boidal areolet, A is placed above B on the upper end of the outer side
of the areolet, and in Plmpla is generally separated from B only by a
very small space, and sometimes entirely confluent with it, the other
three bullae being located in both genera nearly as in Ichneumon^ ex-
cept that E is usually closer to the angle of the first recurrent vein.
In Cri/piua there are normally but four bulla), C and D being conflu-
ent and the others placed as in Jrhueumon, except that B is located
higher up on the cross-vein which it bestrides. In Glijpta^ where the
areolet is represented by a simple cross-vein, A and B are absent, but
as C and D are not quite confluent, being divided by a slender black
line or black dot, there are three bulla), C, D and E. Odontomerus^
Xi/lonomus, Acsenitus and Aretes difier from Ghjpta chiefly in Cand D
being separated by a very wide space, and have the same number of bulliB.
And in Ophlon and Anomalon, where the areolet is also represented
by a simple cross-vein, A and B are absent, but C and jD being per-
fectly confluent, there are consequently but two bullae. So far as I can
discover, on a careful examination, there is no Ichneumonidons genus

either the shape of the "central area" of the metathorax, or the number of
joints contained in the antennal annulus, a constant and reliable specific cha-
racter. In very many well-marked species of which I possess numerous speci-
mens, the width of the "central area," as compared with its length, varies 50
per cent, with all the intermediate grades, i. e. varies from " transverse" to
"quadrate" or from " quadrate" to "elongate;" and in other such species the
length of the antennal annulus varies very considerably, often by three or four
and in one species by as much as seven joints, with numerous intermediate
grades. It is even the case that in one undi'seribed species, allied to ^jarix'S
Cresson, of which I possess seven %, a single % has two or three of the inter-
mediate antennal joints marked with yellowish-white above, while the remain-
ing six % have no such markings whatever. And Westwood records the fact tliat
"two 9 of Ciyptus bellosus were reared by Mr. Thwaites, one of wliich had the
antennsB annulated and the other entirely black." {Intr. II. ]>. 1.38, note.) If
all specimens that differed in the above characters were considered as distinct
species, the number of species in my collection would be very largely increased,
and my argument strengthened so much the more.

212 [December

that has not some such modification of that type of bullas which pre-
vails in Iclineumon, and none that has not at least two bullae, viz : 0
(or CD) and iJ *

Although, as I believe, the bullae exist typically in every species of
Ichneitmon in the pattern peculiar to that genus, yet, as we might nat-
urally expect, we occasionally in certain species meet with certain spe-
cimens, where they are partially obsolete, or undergo some other slight
modification, sometimes in one wing only, sometimes in both wings of
the same specimen. In order to test this question, I have carefully
examined both front wings in 319 specimens belonging to the 70 spe-
cies of Ichneumon which I possess, making in all 638 wings. Of these
638 wings as many as 75, belonging to 28 different species, have the
bulla A obsolete; 28 wings, belonging to 15 different species, have the
bulla D obsolete; f in one wing only of the 638, belonging to a single
9 of semim'ger Cress, out of 3 $ which I possess, is the bulla C obso-
lete ; but in none whatever of the 638 are either the bulla B or the
bulla E obsolete. In 5 wings out of the 638, belonging to 3 different
species, where the areolet is subrhomboidal, including 1 S out of 28
% of Jiavizonatus Cress., the bullae A and B are confluent above. x\nd
only in 2 wings out of the 638, viz : in 2 S of morulus Say — a very
abnormal species with metathoracic thorns | — out of 3 S 2 9 , is there
a small additional or spurious bulla located on the side of the areolet that
adjoins the discoidal cell, but only on the inside of the areolet and not
extending on to the vein. In 11 out of 13 specimens of Trogus obsi-
(/ta?iato/-Brulle which I possess, this same additional spurious bulla or
rather semi-bulla makes its appearance. But neither in the three other

*Say describes the "bullse" by that name in Anomalon attractus, An. {Odon-
tomerus) melUpes, Ophion brarhiator and Cryptus grallator ; and describes them as
"white spots" in Banchus cequatus and B. nervulus. Of course, if he had been
aware that these bullre are, properly speaking, a generic character common
to all the species of the same genus, he would not have given them as charac-
ters of particular species. Brulle neither names nor describes the bullse in any
of his dej^criptions of IchneumonidcE, though his Artist has figured them Plate
XLII, fig. 1. And Mr. Cresson tells me that " neither Fabricius nor Graven-
horst, so far as he can see, mentions the bullse or any other term for that cha-
racter."

fin several small species with hyaline wings, which I have referred to this
category, the second recurrent vein is so nearly straight, that it is difficult to
sav, whether it is the bulla D that is obsolete or the bullfe C'and D that are
confluent.

\U Hoplismenus Gt\. can be retained as distinct from Cryptus, vfhlch Brull6
denies, then this species should also be erected into a genus distinct from Ich-
ncumon.

1865.] 213

species of Tragus in my collection, including T. exesorms Brulle, nor
in any other Ichneumonidous species, so far as I have observed, except
Cri/pfiis robit^fus Cress, six 9 , ^"d an appai'ently undeseribed species
(one % one $ ) belonginc; to a new genus intermediate between Joppa
and Btirijceros, do I find any traces of this remarkable anomaly. The
above is the sum total of variation, as regards these "bullae," in 638
wings appertaining to 70 distinct species of Ichneumon ; and it appears
to be almost universally variation and not specific difference, because
there is but a single instance where a species, represented by over two
specimens, exhibits any given variation in both the front wings of all
the specimens. That instance is annulipcs'! Cress., a very variable
.species, of which I possess eight specimens, no two of them exactly
alike in their general coloration, and all eight of which have the bulla
A obsolete in both wings. In 319 specimens of any given species of
insect, we should be apt to find almost as great an amount of variation,
as that which has been detailed above, in any given specific colorational
character. And ^^et this particular type of bullfe is not a specific cha-
racter, but one which runs through 70 distinct species of a particular
genus ; and as already stated, remarkable modifications of the normal
bullae of Ichneumon are found in all the other Ichneumonidous senera
with which I am acquainted.

Besides the seven spots which, as has been already shown, exist typi-
cally in the front wing of Ichneumonidse, there are usually in the hind
wing two buUas located on the lower or hindiuost end of the two prin-
cipal cro.ss-veins. But for the purpose which I have in view, it is un-
necessary to dwell upon this point.

I might have insisted likewise on the very general, though not uni-
versal, persistence of the pale spot at the base of the stigma throughout
Ichneumonidse and Braconu/ee, and several other Hymenopterous fami-
lies; and, indeed, throughout certain families belonging to other Orders.
But as this character is perhaps partly structural, being connected with
the thinner organization of the stigma at that particular point, for cer-
tain unknown structural or functional purposes, I have forborne taking
any account of it. In the case of the bullae, however, we cannot rea-
sonably assume, that any structural or functional necessity could require
a wing-vein to become suddenly thinner at some particular point, and
then as suddenly become as thick as before ; for it has been proved
that the wing-veins are, properly speaking, veins, i. e. that they arc
fluid-conducting tubes. And even if we make some such gratuitous
assumption, this will not explain the white blotch on the membrane of

214 [December

the wing, which almost always in the bulla} A . . . E, but scarcely ever
in the spots i^and G, adjoins the white spot on the vein itself.*

To entomologists who have worked much on any particular group or
groups of insects, the facts stated above will, I suspect, seem not at all
extraordinary. For many similar cases of Coloration al Unity occur in
every Order; and it has repeatedly happened to myself, and I doubt not
to others, that, after having examined numerous species belonging to a
given genus, I come at last upon one with a particular spot or a particular
stripe conspicuously developed in a particular locus, and, on recurring
to the species already examined, find more or less faint traces of the
same spot or the same stripe in every one of them. But to the student
in other departments of Natural History, where the number of species
is so very much smaller than in Insects, and where consequently there
is no such opportunity to form very extensive generalizations, the phe-
nomena detailed above will appear, perhaps astonishing, perhaps incre-
dible, perhaps false. They are nevertheless strictly true; and anyone
may easily satisfy himself of their truth, by selecting at random any
species of Ichneumon and holding up its wings to the light under a mo-
derately good lens.

The question naturally occurs here to the philosophic mind — What
is the MEANING of all these facts ? Why do the same bullje in the
same loci occur in so many distinct species of the same genus? Why
do not some species have these bullae located on some of their other
veins, or on some other part of the same vein ? Why, for example, is
there never a bulla on the basal side of the angle of the first recurrent
vein, either in Ichneumon or in any other Ichneumonidous genus?
Why are there not sometimes six or eight or ten bullae ? Why are
there not sometimes none at all ? In every species of Ichneumon we
find, it is true, without exception, a pentagonal or subpentagonal
areolet and a very short ovipositor. But the reason of this is obvious.
If the insect was without these characters, it would not be placed in
the genus Ichneumon ^hecauae these are some of the established generic
characters of Ichneumon. Yet so far is it from being the case, that the
bulhc are an established generic character of Ichneumon, that they do
not appear to have been even noticed hitherto, except incidentally in
the descriptions of a few species. Look at the figure given above.
Anyone can see that the seven white spots on it might be arranged on
the wing in millions and millions of diiferent patterns. Why then in

*I observe that in Thyreodon and Ophion the spots i^and G often extend on
to the membrane of the wing, i)recisely as in bullre A . . . . £.

1865.] 215

seventy distinct species of the same genus are they always arranged in
the same pattern, subject only to the very slight variations noticed
above? Why — as is most likely the case — should Nature have ser-
vilely repeated the same monotonous Colorational Pattern throughout
the whole genus Ichneumon, which probably comprises at least 500
species, and is numerously represented on both sides the Atlantic "'
Why in allied genera do we find curious modifications of the same fun-
damental pattern, and not entirely new and original patterns ? Why
in allied genera do we find none entirely without bullae, and none with-
out the spots i^and G .^ Why is the lociis of the spots i^ and G ab-
solutely invariable throughout Ichnemnotiixfse and Braconidse? If
these seven spots could answer any possible utilitarian purpose, we
might say that they occur throughout Ichiuumon, because the peculiar
habits of that genus require them for that purpose. But they are mani-
festly mere ornamental designs, in no possible respect necessary or use-
ful to the individual Ichneumon, any more than the numerous small,
pale spots on the bodies of many adult Fallow Deer, which occur also
in the fawn of the common North American Deer, are necessary or
useful to the individual Deer.

To my mind, there can be but one satisfactory answer to all the
above questions. There must be a close genetic connection between
all the species of the genus Ichneumon, and a more remote genetic con-
nection between that genus and the other genera of IchneumonklaR.
" Community of descent," says Darwin as interpreted by Lyell, " is the
hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking, while
they often imagined that they were looking for some unknown Plan of
Creation." (Antiq. Man. p. 412, Amer. ed.) Let him, who refuses to
accept this solution of the enigma, offer a better solution himself.

Siquid novisH rectius istis,

Candidas imperii ; si non, his utere incum.

But do not let him utter sonorous common-places, about carrying out
the Plan of Creation and completing the System of Nature, and then
fancy that he has explained facts, when in reality he has only re-stated
them in general terms.

Rdik Isi.ani>, Illinois, Xov. 16, 18(55.

216 [December

POSTSCRIPT,

It is singular liow few N. A. Naturalists seem to be able to quote

Darwin correctly. In the Proceedings (Vol, V. pp. 26-27) Mr. Scudder

discourses on Darwinism as follows : —

It has been a-^serted tliat species existing over a wide range of country are
more variable than those limited to a smaller area, and some arguments have
been based upon this and similar assertions by those who would maintain the
derivative theory of the Origin of Species. On this assumption * ® * we
should expect to find, &c., kc, &c. In point of fact, almost the exact opj^yosite
apj^ears to be true, &c., <tc., &c.

Now what does Darwin really assert ? These are his words : —

Alph. DeCandolle and others have shown, that plants which have very
wide ranges generally j^rescnt varieties. •■■' * ••■• But my tallies further show
* * «■ that it is the most flourishing, or, as they may be called, the dominant
species — those which range widely over the world, are the most diffused in their
own country, and are the most numerous in individuals — which of tenest produce
well marked varieties. {Orig. Spec. p. 54, Amer. ed.)

Other writers belonging to the same school take precisely the same

ground. For example, Mr. Wallace, in his recent admirable Paper on the

Malayan Papillonulst, writes as follows: —

I find, as a general rule, that the constancy of species is in an inverse ratio to
their range. Those which are confined to one or two islands are generally very
constant. When they extend to many islands, considerable variability apoears ;
and when they have an extensive range over a large part of the Archipelago,
the amount of unstable variation is very large. {Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 4.)

Substitute in Mr. Scudder's sentence " generally more variable " or
" often er variable" for "more variable," as in common foirness ought
to have been done, and the few facts quoted by him in the genus Chi-
onohas in no wise controvert what Darwin really asserts. Leave the
sentence as it stands, and assume the facts to be as Mr. Scudder puts
them — on which point I do not pretend to offer any opinion — and the
argument appears to be a triumphant refutation of the so-called Dar-
winian statement. When Darwin is misquoted, the reasoning seems
good; when he is quoted correctly, it is good for nothing. A theory
must be strong indeed, when, as would seem from the practice of cer-
tain Naturalists, it can only be refuted by misstating it.

1865.] 217

Descriptions of some new species of DANAIN^.

B V T R Y O .\ R E A K I R T.

1. Ithomia Sosunga. n. sp.

Male. — Fore wings almost as in I. Gonussa Ilewits., but the trans-
parent yellow patch within the cell is double what exists in that species.
Hind wings transparent, brownish; a large clear yellow Space on the
basal half of the abdominal margin, extending but slightly into the
cell, and over the second median vein, much more circumscribed in its
area than the similarly situated but differently colored spot in /. Go-
nussa, reaching, in no direction, as far as this; a marginal row of five
rounded and oblong white spots, smaller than in the allied species.

Under surface mostly as above, with a bright ferruginous costal band
running half way down the anterior margin of the posterior wings.
Expanse 2.75 inches.

Antenna} entirely black.

Thorax and abdomen black, the first spotted with white in the usual
manner, the last with a double ventral white line, coalescing at the
insertion into the thorax, and at the anus.

Hah. — Honduras. (In my Collection.)

This fine species, in conjunction with /. Gonussa, might perhaps be
more appropriately placed under IL/moiitis, to the less extreme species
of which they very closely assimilate. Mr. Bates, in his invaluable
work upon the Amazonian ILliconufse, gives a list of ten species, (p.
538) which he considers as belonging to this genus, but does not in-
clude among them this species, \\hich, at the date of his publication,
was both figured and described. I have, therefore, relying upon his
better judgment, necessarily arising from much greater facilities of com-
parison, treated of the new and related species under the same head.

In the general disposition of its markings, it is so nearly allied to
Gonussa, that it might by some P]ntomologists be considered as its
malr; but recollecting that amidst the crowd of delicate forms refera-
ble to this genus, we know of but one instance («/.se.) in which the
sexual disparity is strikingly observable, I have thought it best to treat
it as a new type. A great many new species have been indicated by
Dr. Herrich-Sclucffer in his " Lcpidopterorum index systematicus '
Corbl. p. 175, 18(31, a large majority of which have neither been deli
neated nor diagnosed ; until this has been accomplished, they can in
no way conflict with identical species that may be described under
other names.

218 [December

2. Ceratinia Lycaste, Fabr. sp.

Pap. Lycaste, Fabr., Ent. Syst. III. i. p. 161, n. 497. (1775.)

Jones, Icon. II. t. 7, f. 1. (ined.)
Ed. Lye, Godart, Enc. M. IX. p. 221, n. 5-t. (1819.)
Hel. f Lye, Diurnal Lepidopt. I. p. 104, n. 60. (1847.)
Melinaea? Lye, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. p. 56. (1844.)
Ceratinia Iphianassa, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. p. 149. (1844.)
Ithomia {Ceratinia) Iph., Diurnal Lepidopt. I. p. 127, n. 71, 1. 18, f. 3. (1847.)
lih. Iph., Hewitson, Ithomia, f. 91, 92, 93. (1855.)

Ith. Iph., y&r. panamensis Bates, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 245, t. 29, f. 5. (1863.)
Ith. Phanessa, Herrich-ScbsefFer, Hewitson, Ithomia, f. 93. (1864.)
Ith. Anaphissa, " " " f. 91. (1864.)

This is one of those protean species which overturn all the precon-
ceived ideas of Entomologists regarding specific stability of form.

In the early part of this year, amongst other Lepiduptera, I received
two examples of this species from Los Angelos, California, where they
had been taken by my friend. Mr. John C. Love, formerly of this city.
One of these I at once determined from Godart's meagre diagnosis, to
be Fabricius' Lycaste. The other approximated so closely to a variety
of Iphianassa., then not long described and figured by Mr. Bates, and
yet was so nearly assimilated to the typical Lycaste as to cause me
much uncertainty in regard to the identity of both. In this strait I
forwarded their descriptions to Mr. H. "W. Bates, and soon after re-
ceived an answer, from which I extract the following : — " Your Heli-
conia from Los Angelos is no doubt Jthomia JpJiianassa, local var.
Panamensis m'lhi . . . since naming the insect, I had myself found it to
agree with Godart's Lycaste ... I suppose the name Iphianassa must
now give way to that of Lycaste . . . its occurrence so far north as Los
Angelos is a new and most unexpected fact."

A careful examination of a series of eight successive and progressive
forms, five of which I have in my own cabinet, finally determined me
to concentrate these varieties under one specific head, treating the aber-
rations as local, imperfectly segregated races.

One peculiarity will be observed in this variation, and which has
never fallen under my notice as occurring in any other species, that,
with but few exceptions, the wings appear suff'used with black in pro-
portion to their recedence from the Equatorial line.

This will be readily perceived from the following diagnosis of each
form, which I have thought it desirable to append, both as illustrating
the formation of species, and for the better determination of other vari-
eties, which the future will undoubtedly disclose to us.

18G5.] 219

Ccratinin Lyrasic, Fabr. pp. Typp.

Male. — Fore wings, with the basal third, dark orange-tawny; beyond
this, a broad yellow band, obliquely traversing the disc, and narrowing
towards the inner angle, which, however, it does not reach; a large
rounded black spot occupies the middle of the cell, half being super-
imposed upon either color; the costa is black throughout its entire
length ; the outer half of the wing black, with three very small white
submarginal spots; three indistinct brownish streaks between these
and the yellow band.

lliud wings, with the basal half, dark orange-tawny; the posterior
portion black, this covering an area contained between a nearly straight
line, drawn from the middle of the costa to a point ou the anal margin,
opposite half the length of the abdomen, and the outer margin.

Underneath the primaries differ only in having the submarginal
white spots increased to the number of seven.

The secondaries diifer from the upper side in having a row of sub-
marginal spots to the same number as the primaries, and also in the
presence of a large oval black spot above the cell, concealing a thick
oval corneous plate, and which is contained within a sudden expansion
and re-approximation of the costal and subcostal vein, along which runs
a narrow black line from the base to the black margin. This plate on
the upper surface is depressed below the level and filled with closely
appresscd scales of peculiar form, which are covered by the overlying
sexual tuft of hairs. Expanse 1.81 inches.

Hah. — Los Angelos, Cal'a. (In my Collection.)

Guiana; South America. (Coll. Brit. Mus.)

var. panamenftrs, Bates.

" 9 . Wings opake; fore wing above with the basal third orange-
tawny, which color is prolonged a short distance along the costal and
hind margins, the costal edge being black, and the centre of the cell
ornamented with a large rounded black spot; this is followed by a
broad oblique yellow belt, commencing at the subcostal nervure, and
narrowing to its termination near the hind angle. Apical portion of
the wing beyond the cell black, crossed in the middle by a row of three
widely distant yellow spots. Beneath, the same, except that there is
a row of seven submarginal white spots.

Hind wings above with the basal half orange-tawny, the outer half
black, the black portion contracted near the apex, which has a row of
three minute whitish spots. Beneath, the same, except that there is a
yellow spot at the root of the wing, a black spot at the end of the cell,

220 [December

and a row of white submarginal spots. Antennae orange, basal portion
blackish. Thorax yellowish, with two white dorsal lines ; collar orange.
Abdomen dark brown. Expan.se t" T" ." — Bates.

Hah. — " Panama." Salvin & Godman.

In this form the central black dot of the primaries is surrounded by
orange-tawny — in the type, and in the following semi-species it is
placed half upon each.
var. negrcta, m.

Male. — This, in addition to the difference in the situation of the
black spot of the fore wings, mentioned above, has a large black dot at
the termination of the hind wings' cell, and is deprived of the three
submarginal white spots upon the same, that are found in var. pava-
meyisis. The under surface is similar to the upper, with the addition
of the black line running along the costal and postcostal veins, as in
the type, here, however, much widened, and connected with the spot
at the end of cell by a short bar. Expanse 2.25 inches.

The oval black corneous patch is also present, as it is throughout all
the S forms of the species.

ffab. — Los Angelos, California. (In my collection.)

var. annpliissa, Herrich-Schteffer.

Iphianassa, var. Hewitson, Ithomia, XV. f. 91. (1855.)

Differs from the usual form of Iphianassa only in the quantity of
black with which the wings are suffused.

The black spots of the primaries are much enlarged, and the " curve!
line of orange near the outer marii:iii" is obsolete.

The ground color of the secondaries is orange ; the broad stripe of
this color traversing the black hind margin in var. Iphianassa Doubld.
is nearly obliterated; an oblong semi-transparent yellowish-white spot
between the black spot at the extremity of the cell and the black outer
margin.

Hab. — " New Granada." Hewitson.

var. pumcnsis, in.

Male. — Differs from the following and most abundant variety of the
species in having the black spots considerably enlarged, and, with the
exception of the apical yellow band, in being of a uniform tawny-orange;
the "oblong transparent spot between the second and third median
nervules" is reduced to a mere dot.

The secondaries present a row of three apical, small, rounded, white
spots upon the black margin. Expanse 2.85 inches.

Female^ similar to the male.

Hah. — Caraccas. (In my Collection.)

1865.] 221

The le?s quantity of black upon the wings of this form has led me
to place it intermediate between var. Anaphiss<i and var. Iphidnassa,
although its tawny-orange tint connects it very closely with the first
three varieties.

var. Iphianassa Dbld. et Ilewits.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. I. t. 18, f. 3. (1847.)
Ilewitson, Ithomia, XV. f. 92. (1855.)
" Upper side. Male. — Anterior wing, from the base to beyond the
middle (except the margins and two black spots, one of which crosses
the end of the cell), semi-transparent rufous. The rest black, crossed
before the apex by a curved band of yellow, and an oblong transparent
spot between the second and third median nervules. A curved line of
orange near the outer margin, and two or three white spots at the apex.
Posterior wing with the basal half transparent rufous white, with a
small black spot at the end of the cell. The rest black, traversed by
a band of orange, parallel to the outer margin.

Under side as above, except that both wings have a submarginal
row of white spots. The female does not differ. Expanse 22^^ in.
Ilah. — Venezuela." — ffruitson.

Caraccas. (In my Collection.)
The figure in the " Genera" represents a much more brightly colored
insect than does that of 3Ir. Hewitson's plate; I am unable to say
whether this difference exists in fact.

var. Phanessa, Herrich-SchrefFer.

Iphianassa var. Hewitson, Ithomia, XV. f. 93. (1855.)

Differs chiefly from the preceding in the diminution of the extent of
black surface, particularly noticeable upon the primaries. '' The ob-
long transparent spot between the second and third median nervules"
is much enlarged, and occupies all the area within those limits between
the cell and the margin ; the "curved line of orange" extends but a
short distance along the outer margin; the black spot in the cell is les-
sened, and a small black triangle in the angle formed by the median
vein and first branch, is wanting. The black spot at the extremity of
the cell of the secondaries is obsolete upon the upper surface, and the
black margin is more rounded interiorly at the apex, not so contracted
as hei'etofore. The rufous tint is more diluted, and the diaphaneity of
the wings more conspicuous than in any of the preceding forms.

Ildb. — '• New Granada." Hewitson.
var. Chimhorazana, m.

Ftmale. — Fore wings transparent; some opaque tawny-orange scales,
beyond the subcostal vein, and on the inner margin below the m^

222 [Deoember

vein and first branch, in neither phxce reaching farther than the cell;
a black apical patch and outer margin as in the normal form, a sub-
marginal row of white spots, becoming indistinct towards the inner an-
gle, where there is also a fxint trace of the orange line. Two transverse
black bands, both much dilated superiorly, extend from the costa to
the outer margin ; the upper, commencing directly upon the costa,
covers the disco-cellular nervules, and third median veinlet, narrowino-
almost to the width of this in its lower portion ; the two radials which
are black and somewhat dilated, divide the space enclosed between the
band and the black margin into three oblong spots, the upper having a
small opaque white spot impinging upon the costa; the lower black band
arises about the middle of the cell from the subcostal nervure, alon"- and
below which a tapered prolongation runs to the base, and terminates on
the outer margin just above the anal angle, nearly following the line
of the medio central veinlet; below the cell this band is of nearly
uniform breadth.

The hind wings appear to be colored as in var. Fhanessa, but the
central portion is entirely transparent.

The single example I possess is somewhat rubbed, for which due
allowance must be given to the description.

JTah. — Ecuador. (In my Collection.)

For a specimen of this very interesting variety, ticketed " Valleys,
west side of Chimborazo," I am indebted to Mr. H. W. Bates.

To the best of my knowledge, I have given the diagnoses of all known
forms referable to this species, which, with some others, Snhpia,
Terra, Avdia, Diasia,&c.,-dre, I think, entitled to generic distinction.
The corneous plate on the under side of the hind wings of the male is
a very decided diagnostic, sufficient to separate them not only from the
remaining members of Ceratinia, hut also from all the species contained
in that most incongruous genus of the " Genera" — Iflwmia. For the
species named, and three or four more, I would indicate the generic
name D_i/notliea.

?.. Ceratinia Daeta, Boisd. sp.

% Ildiconia Daeta, Boisd. Sp. Gon. t. 11, f. 7. (IS.ifi.)

Ithomia (Ceratinia) Daeta, Diurnal Lepidoptera. I. p. 127, n. 77. (1847.)
9 Mechanitis Melphis, Hubn. Zut. f. 687, 688. (18.32.)

Ithomia Anyta, Dbld. Diurnal Lepidoptera, I. p. 127, n. 75. (1847.)
Mechanitis Melphis, var. Htibn. Zut. f. 759, 760. (1832.)
Ithomia Laphria, Dbld. Diurnal Lepidoptera, L p. 127, n. 76. (1832.)
Ithomia Euryanassa, Fekler. W. E. M. IV. p. 1(11. (1860.)
Hah. — Caraccas (Z^fEto), Rio de Janeiro (Laphria and Euri/anassa).
(In my Collection.)

1865.] 223

I can see no reason for separating any of these synonimic forms.
Dr. Ilerrich-Schaeffer has, indeed, united Atii/fa and Daeta, and very
curiously given the former name the preference. There is no percep-
tible difference either in color or venation between my specimens of
Daeta (type) and of Etiryanassa^ both of which I have very carefully
determined by comparison with figures and diagnosis. Laphria is the
only form which could, by undue straining, be considered even a vari-
ety, and the departure is so very trifling that it hardly merits this slight
distinction.

4. Mechanitis Californica. n. sp.

Expanse 2.45 — 2.56 inches. Fore wing above, brownish-black, a
basal streak over the median nervure, and two rounded spots near the
inner angle, orange-tawny; of these the outer is the largest, sometimes
the inner is yellow, and sometimes both are nearly obsolete — a spot
across the cell near its termination much narrower than in M. Isthmia^
and in one example, (B) reduced to a mere dot on the median nervure,
a more or less interrupted belt across the wing from the costa to near
the middle of the outer margin, and an oblong subapical spot, yellow ;
in specimen B, just mentioned, there is an additional yellow spot below
the medio-central veinlet.

Beneath the same, suffused with orange-tawny at the base, and the
inner angle, with a row of eight or nine submarginal white spots along
the outer margin.

Hind wing above, orange tawny, with a broad mesial band, entire,
and a narrow outer border, fi-om the middle of the costa to the anal
angle, brownish-black.

Benuath the same, a yellow spot on the root of the wing; a band runs
alonjj the subcostal nervure from the base to the marfj;in, where it is
somewhat dilated; immediately below its termination, a mark in the
form of an irregular figure 2, usually with the upper part inordinately
enlarged ; between this and the base, on the central line of the band
above, three small subtriangular spots; all these markings blackish-
brown ; a submarginal row of seven white spots on the outer margin.

Body brownish; wing lappets and thorax spotted with tawny-orange;
antennai yellowish, with the base dusky.

llah. — Los Angelos, California. (In my Collection.)

This beautiful species is closely allied to Mechanitls Isthmia Bates,
both being local segregations of the protean M. Polt/mnia^ to which,
however, Californica species is more nearly allied.

224 • [Deckmrer

Descriptions of some new species of ERESIA.

BY T IJ Y O N R E A K 1 11 T.

1. Eresia Yorita, nov. sp.

Male. — Upper side, brownish-black. Fore wing, with a single spot in
the cell, a large spot below it cut by the first median nervule, a quadri-
partite band from the costal margin beyond the middle, the division
upon the costa bisected by a narrow black vein, and a small rectangular
spot near the middle of the exterior margin.

Hind wing crossed between the middle and the base by a broad band,
divided by black nervules into seven spots ; all the markings on the
upper surface pale rufous white. Fringe white, cut with black.

Under side more brownish than above; the pale markings of above
repeated and enlarged, base and one-third the costa of the primaries
and base of the secondaries, bright ferruginous; two sub-basal spots and
an oblong streak, rufous white, transversely across the latter, also a sub-
marginal row of oblong spots of the same color. Expanse 1.88 inches.

Antennae black ; thorax and abdomen above black; head and thorax
underneath spotted with yellowish-white.

Hah. — Honduras. (In my Collection.)

Very closely allied to E. Ezra Hewitson, but differs in the much
greater elongation of the wings, the body remaining of the same size.
It lacks a rufous-white spot in each cell, there being but one in the fore
wing's cell, and none in that of the hind; and also the ferruginous dot
near the anal angle; the transverse band in Ezra is centrally situated.
in Yorita it is tlirown much before the middle, its outer margin tracing
a mesial line.

Mr. Hewitson does not mention any basal ferruginous markings in
Ezra, and which are so eminently characteristic of Yorita.

2. Eresia Comaela, nov. sp.

Male. — Upper side black, marked with pale fulvous; a large patch
on the inner margin beyond the middle, and obliquely above it two
smaller, respectively approaching the outer third of the costa and the
middle of the exterior margin.

A transverse band across the secondaries, very wide upon the costa,
and narrowing toward the abdominal margin ; following this, a row of
indistinct submarginal lunules; emarginations yellowish-white. Ex-
panse 1.38 inches.

Under side, primaries fulvous towards the base, beyond, two large
orange spots, separated by a sinuate black band, running from the

18G5.] • 225

costa nearly to the inner angle; apical area greyish-brown, with some
small white Iiinuhite spots on the costa, and two larger, near the middle
of the outer margin.

Secdiidaries greyish ; at the base reticulated with delicate reddish-
l»rown linos; a pale rufous yellow transverse band; outer margin
clouded with ruibus-brown. enclosing a series of pale subniarginal lu-
nulos. and interior to tliese three or four rounded brown spots.

Female does not differ.

Ihil). — Brazil. (In my Collection.)

In ornamentation, Comaela must be very nejir to Teh-tuaa Godart,
as a variety of which I have long considered it^ (a typical example of
this I have never seen) but as in outline,it exactly agrees with Z><coma
Ilewitson, T have considered it as new, for 3Ir. Hewitson says, this,
( DifoDui) •' is near Teletusa on the upper side, but of diff"ercut form."

?>. Eresia Genigueh. nov. sj>.

JIa/e. — Upper side brownish-black, marked with white, or pale yel-
lowish-white spots, arranged on the primaries as follows: an abbreviated
sub-costal band of three spots, obliquely below and exterior to these
two more, and then a single submarginal one completes the interrupted
maculate band, running from the costa to the middle of the exterior
margin ; below the median vein another short row of three spots, and
at an equal distance on each side of the lowest of these, which is much
compressed, a rounded spot near the inner margin; a narrow transverse
streak in the cell.

The secondaries present a dash in the cell; a central transverse band,
divided by the dark veins, and posterior to this, two indistinct rows of
lunules.

Under side, primaries grayish-yellow on the basal half, outer portion
brownish; the spot within the cell is considerably dilated, and there
are traces of another spot interior to this; the submarginal spot on the
outer margin is very much enlarged, extending to the outer margin,
and becoming pale fulvous; there is an obsolete row of connected lu-
nules, the two nearest the apex black, and on the costa between these
and the abbreviated band, a small yellowish-white point; the rest of
the white markings as on the upper surface.

Secondaries uniformly greyish-yellow, faintly reticulated with darker
lines at the base ; a submarginal row of white lunules, obsolete at the
apex, and above the two central of these, two well defined small brown
crescents. Expanse 1.38 inclies.

Hull. — Los Angelos, Cal'a. (In my Collection.)

226 [December

Perhaps this may be identical with E. Rermas Hewitson, but as he
has not figured the upper side, and described it very vaguely, it is com-
paratively impossible to determine anything from his diagnosis. It is
only, however, in the outline of the marking that it seems to resemble
that species. Their difference in color, and some variations upon the
fore wings, have induced me to consider it specifically distinct.

Eresia Smerdis Hewits. must give place to E. (Melitsea') Texana
Edwards, Mr. Edwards having described it in July, 1863; the former,
in April, 1864. E. Gijges^ of the same' author, is a synonym o^ E.
Frisia Poey, the two being precisely similar.

4. Eresia Batesii, nov. sp.

Male. — Fore wings black ; two transverse, maculate, fulvous bands,
arising nearly at the costa, and converging to the inner margin ; the
cell contains three or four abbreviated bars, none of them extending
below the median vein ; the basal half of the area below this nervure
is deep black, rarely containing a narrow fulvous streak; a spot of the
same color opposite the middle of the outer margin.

Secondaries black; the two fulvous bands of the fore wings are conti-
nued nearly to anal margin, the separating line very much attenuated in
the middle; the posterior contains a rounded black spot between each
nervule, and beyond these an indistinct row of connected lunules; two
fulvous spots within the cell, preceding the first transverse band, the inner
semi-encircled by the outer. Fringe white, or whitish, sometimes lightly
cut with black at the extremities of the veins. Exp. l.'.^5 — 1.50 inch.

Under side of the primaries fulvous; a large triangular black patch
arising from the middle of the inner margin is connected at its apex
with an irreirular, dilating bar runniii<r thence to the middle of the costa;
a short bar on the costa between this and the apex ; three connected black
lunules, the central much the widest, run from beyond the middle of
the innner margin to the third median vein ; sometimes this line is
prolonged by the addition ol one or two more very delicate crescents.

Secondaries ochrey-yellow; indistinct pale fulvous lines near the base,
and a row of rounded dots, followed by pale lunules of the same color
near the outer margin ; rarely, one of these last is bright ferruginous.

Body, &c., as in the allied species.

Female, similar on the upper surface; underneath the reticulations
are plainer. Expanse 1.63 inches.

Ilab. — Winchester, Va. ; Gloucester, N. J. (In my Collection.)

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to my friend, Mr. II. W.
Bates, of London.

18C5.] 227

Its only Eastern ally is Tharoii, but it is much more nearly related
to PnJrliclId Boisd. (Prafrvsis lichr.) of the west coast, for specimens
of which I auj indebted to 3Ir. P. R. Uhler.

The almost uniform saturation with black below. the median vein of
the fore wing, coupled with the white fringe, are very decided diagno-
stics, and ;ilone sufficient to separate it from any of the allied species.

NOTES ON THE BOMBYCIDiE OF CUBA.

i; V AV(;rsTis h . ghotk,
Curator of Entomology, Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.

When we separate from this Family the Zygrenid genera, Mehtn-
curoin, Cfriiurhnh'a,* etc., which have been referred to the Bombycid
Sub-Family IJf/iosiunr, by 3Ir. Walker, we can perceive that its repre-
sentation in Cuba, judging from the present collection of Prof. Poey,
is extremely meagre. It abounds in species which appear to be repre-
sentative, showing that we must consider the Island as a Province of
the Faunal District which embraces the West Indian Archipelago.
The species are wanting in striking forms, and, compared with the
members of this Family in the United States, are also wanting in in-
terest and beauty. Of certain sub-families, no representatives occur
The Ccratocampidse, Atfaci, f Flati/pterijcUhie, and Cochlich'se, are

^'Ctenuchidia, mihi, n. g. Type, Ctcnucha virgo, H S., Exot. fig. 301.

Differs from Ctenucha virginica and Ctcnucha cressonana, by the very slender
labial palpi, which are not depressed at their tips nor flexuous, but held some-
what rigidly. Maxilloe short. Occiput and epicranium longer than usual, as
broad as the elongate, advanced prothoracie parts, which receive them with but
a slight apparent contraction. Thorax, slender and, with the caputal and pro-
thoracic parts, very finely, evenly and shortly scaled. Nervules of the prima-
ries short; costa at apical third not so depressed as in Ctenucha; fourth m. nervule
f irther removed towards the base of the wing: third, arcuate. The structural
caputal and thoracic characters are distinctive, and separate it from allied West
Indian genera. Ctenuchldia virgo is finely maculate beneath. The existence of
this genus, as distinct from Ctcnucha, has been sujiposed by Dr. A. S. Packard,
Jr. The Zygrenidpe should precede the Boiiibj'cidse in a natural arrangement.
A paper on the Cuban representatives of the Family, is in course of preparation.

|The genus Samia, belonging to this sub-family, was erected by Hubner in
1S16. Under it are grouped in the " Verzeichniss," three species, as I regard
them the typesof so many distinct genera, which do not seem to have been pro-
jierly separated. The first species seems properly to be regarded as the type of
the genus Samia, as now amended. This is the Bombi/.r ci/nthia Drury, from
Asia. The second species, Phalocna {Aitucus) cecropia, of Linnaeus, is properly
the type of an American genus for which I have elsewhere proposed to use Dun-
can's generic term, Hyalophora. It becoming evident to me that the use of this
term is liable to objection, for the reason that it is not properly restricted by its

228 [December

totally unrepresented, while the s.f. Ftlloihntas is very limited in ex-
tent, though, as I consider, varied in expression. The Arctu'dse are

author, and tliat it has been loosely used for a variety of species, I am con-
strained to propose a new name for it. The third species, Phakena {Aflirus)
Promefhca Drui'v, has been made the type of the genera Cullosnmia by Dr. Pack-
ard, and is established under that name, which is wdl selected in the view
that it jiossesses close affinities with Simla cyntliia.

SAMIA. Ilubner.

Type: PhaJiaia (Aftarus) Cynthia. Di-ury, Ilf. Exot. Ins. Vol. 2. p. II). Plate (i.
fig. 2. (1773.)

The head is large and prominent, well advanced before the prothoracic parts.
The labial palpi are sufficiently {(rominent, advanced as far as the wide clypeus.
which is thickly covered with short hair. The anteniife are moderate; bi-pecti-
nate in both sexes to their tips, glabrous, testaceous. The pectinations are but
little shorter in the female than in the male, clothed with fine and very short cilii«
in both sexes. Wings ample; primaries falcate, more than twice as hmg as the
body. Nervules short; first s. c. at base approximate to second, th> latter ar-
cuate at base and tlirowingoff the third s. c. at one-third of its length, the latter
nearly straiglit, very slightly inversely arcuate. First mL-dian uervule promi-
nently arcuate; second median straight, the interspace wide. Discal space
large. Subcostal nervure basally straight. Secondaries hmg, ovate, their in-
ternal margin more than twice as long as the abdomen; costal margin short:
external margin long and obliijue, very slightly rounded.

The immature stages of Scnnin Cynihia ati'ord good distinctional characters
when compared with those ui Plutym rain ; these nearly ally the genus to Callo-
.snmia. The cocoon resembles that of C'lHo-samia in shape, though of a softer and
looser texture. In making it, the larva fixes it incompletely to the branch
above by an extension, wrapping a leaf around the cocoon itself, in l)oth of
these actions recalling the habit of C.illosainia promztheu.

The genus Attacus, Linn., should be restricted to ^-1. Atlas and certain more
recently described species under the genus, such apparently ah Atta/ms Jlopferi
Felder.

S. Cynthia has, I believe, been taken in the vicinity of Philadelphia, under cir-
cunutances which warrant a belief in the possibility of its acclimatization with us.

PLATYSAMIA, nov. gen.
The clypeus, which is narrower than in S'lmia. and broader than in Cdllom-
mia, is clothed with longer hair, which depends downward, hiding tlie very
small laijial palpi, still further hidden by an inferior long tuft of hair. Maxilhe
■wanting. Head small and sunken in the prothoracic parts. The antennte are
long and strongly bi-2:)ectinate. In the male tlie pectinations are full twice as
long as in the female, and densely ciliated. Mesotliorax broad and stout, longh-
and loosely haired. Abdomen stout, and heavier and longer than in Sainia.
"Wings broad and amjile; primaries hardly falcate, since there is a very slight
depression in the external margin at the extremity of the third s. e. nerviile.
Nervules long and arcuate; third s. c. arcuate, (thus opposed to Sainia) so also
the second median nervule. Discal space centrally narrower than in Samia .-
sub-costal nervure bent downwardly at base. Secondaries broad and ample:
external margin rounded; anal angle less prominent than in either Sainia or

18G5.] 220

must numerous in species, though the typical genus Arrfki^ is wanting.
Spi/osomn has a representative species in /S*. ./«s.s/««, the specific cha-
racters of which are, however, extremely slight when compared with our
Northern /S'. virc/inica, and comparisons between a greater number of

Cdlosnmia. The neuration of the secondaries affords distinctional differences
compared with Samia, particuhxrly in the course of the median nervules whicli
are more bent.
The Fjieeies are :

Platysamia cecropia.

Phali£na {Attacus) cccvopin, Linn., Syst. Xat. (1706) etc.
Toll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Platysamia Columbia, Smith.

Smnia rohimhiti. Smith, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. Vol. IX, p. M?>. (March, ISO.';.)
Coll. Mrs. S. W. Bridgham, Xevv York.

Platysamia californica. n. s.

% and 9- Smaller tlian -P. ccrropia. Primaries reddish-brown, shaded sub-
terminally with a brighler, plum-colored tinge, with no grey shades whatever.
A broad, bnsal, white, arcuated band, running from internal margin, at extreme
base, to just below the costa at basal fourth, narrowly lined outwardly with dark
scales. Beyond the disc a moderate, whitish, sub-luniform spot, shaded with
buff. A nearly straight, subterminal, whitish band, narrower than the basal
band, lined outwardly with dark scales. Subterminal space with a brighter,
somewhat peach-colored shade, which becomes less distinct outwardly. As in
J', rcrropi" the apical inters])ace has a W-shaped pale mark preceded by lilac
scales. Below, in the postapical interspace, is a black ocellus, margined with
a blue annulus, obsolete outwardly. Terminal space dull pale wood-color, much
the siune shade as in P. cecropia, but nai rower. The terminal line is narrow
and hut slitjhtly waved.

Secmdaries resembling primaries in coloration. A few whitish scales at ex-
trem > bnse. A larger, similarly colored sub-lunif<irm spot to that on the pri-
maries, which is priiduced so as nearly to attain to the outer transverse white
band, which latter matches that on the anterior wings. Under surface darker,
but resembling ujjper surface in ornamentation; secondaries with a white patch
at base on costa.

Head, ca2)utal appendages, thorax and abdomen reddish-brown, very nearly
concolorous with wings. "Collar" entirely white. Abdomen with long white
hair, fringing the segments posteriorly, very distinct in the female; in the
male the bands are more confused. The sexes resemble each other.
, Kxp. "J, , .3. So inch. 5* > "^-^o inches. Length of body, % I.IO, 9 ^-^^ inches.

J/a6/i'(^<.— California (San Francisco). Mr. J. Akhurst, Mrs. S. W. Bridgham.

The California species shares the structural features of P. cecropia. The neu-
ration, shape of the wings, and the pattern of the ornamentation will readily
distinguish this species from 9 Cal/osamia promefhea, which, in size and colora-
tion. P. californica somewhat resembles.

It is not impossible that this species may be " Saturnia Euri/nle'' Boisd; if so,
this latter name cannot obtain, since it has not, as far as I am aware, been sauc-
tionecl liy any description.

230 [December

individuals than I have had access to need to be instituted, to perfectly
establish the Cuban species as distinct, a position, however, which I
have assumed in the present paper. I describe two species of (Jrorota,
which differ in their larger size from the United States species, while
structurally, I find no difference. A comparison of the Cuban speci-
mens of rtefheisa, with those from the United States, has led me to
unite U. Jx'lla, U. ornatrix, and U. spcciosn, as forms of one variable
species. With this single exception, the Cuban Bonibycidte are speci-
fically distinct from those of the United States. The American Tropi-
cal genus Ammalo has a representative species in Ammalo imjnincfus
m., which seems to me distinct from the South American Ammalo
helops, Cramer, sp. Ecjxmthcria has its representative species in E.
alljicoriris, m.; when we consider the limited representat-on that this
genus affords in the United States, and the very numerous South Ame-
rican, Mexican and West Indian species already noticed by authors we
shall agree that it is properly a Tropical genus, and thus the presence
of a distinct species, as I believe in Cuba, from one in Jamaica, assists
our conclusions that the different Islands composing the West Indies
form different Faunal Provinces with the general features of a Fauna]
District in common. The genus Ilnlisidota appears in Cuba in con-
junction with allied forms which indicate its position with o-reater
clearness, since, in our Fauna, it rather sharply contrasts with the
genera with which we are led to associate it. It is very interestino-
as affording a representative species of iT". tessellun's, and one that has
been hitherto confounded with Sir J. E. Smith's species, though beau-
tifully and very amply distinct from it. I have named this species
Halisidota cmctipes, from the neatly banded legs, which afford a ready
character as opposed to IT. tesselhfris. It is interesting to find a spe-
cies o^ Perophora in Cuba, differing strongly from P. Mehhoimcr'd-
as far as I can judge, the species of Perophora offer marked differences
of shape and structure among themselves, so that we have not to de-
pend entirely upon coloration, or size, in discriminating between the
species. An analagous character is offered by the Ceratocampid o-enus
Anisota. The genus Ci/dosia Westw., which I refer to the Lithosiinse
is one of those which "appear to unite" the sub-family with the Tine-
ites. Another genus has been described by Dr. Clemens under the
name of Ptxc'doptera. Specimens of i^. compta, Clem., occurred to me
in St. Louis, Mo., but unfortunately they have been mislaid, and I
cannot compare them with C. nohiUtella. Under the impression that
they constitute a distinct genus, aided by Dr. Clemens' elaborate o-eneric

18G5.] 231

description, I propose for our genus the generic terra (Eta, that of
Pvenloptera being already pre-occupied in Insecta. Our species will
thus be known as (Eta compta. Under the number 821, Prof. Poey
sends a specimen of a very brilliant little species, which offers much
casual resemblance to Cj/dosia and GCfa ; the character of the head
and the neuration of the secondaries, induce me to refer it to the
Tineitcs.

I have not cited the MSS. determinations of Prof I'oey in this Paper,
but contented myself with giving the nmubers of the MSS. Catalogue,
as in my Paper on the Cuban Sphingidre, and for pretty much the
same reasons. But nine of the species are determined. Six of these —
Nos. 2U7, "Lithosia bella;" 613, " Dejopeia nobilitata;" 175, " Oiketi-
cus Poeyi;" 79, -'Euproctis argentiflua;" 112, " Arctia jussioea?;" 511,
" Erithales guacolda," — received specific names which, with an unim-
portant change in one instance. I have adopted. The remaining three
are Nos. IGfi, " Lithosia tessellaria" {Halindota cincti'jies, va.); 191,
'•Ecpantheriascribonia " {Ecpantheria albicornis, m.), and 187, "Borc-
byx llelops" (Ammiilo I'mjnnutus, m). The rest are undetermined.

The specimens are sometimes in good condition, but of certain spe-
cies I am unable to give perfectly complete descriptions on account of
the faded or defective state of the material. I think that in no instance,
however, has this interfered with the intelligibility of the descriptions.
It is to be hoped that the Society will receive further material of some
of the species, so that we may become better acquainted with them.
I express this desire in particular with regard to P.-ij/chonoctiui personalis,
Ht/iivnopi^ytlic thoracicvm and Xijhiitcs plgcr. The former genus is
very interesting if we accept the hypothesis which I here adopt, that
the % and 9 specimens are correctly associated. In this genus the struc-
tural characters are so opposed in the two sexes, that these would not be
referred to the same genus, if considered singly. The coloration alone
appears to unite the specimens. The oral and pterogostic structure of
the % , induce me to refer it to that anomalous sub-family, the Psychidae,
where great sexual differences are, indeed, not unusual. The discovery
of the immature stages of this genus cannot fail to be attended with
great interest. We are frequently deceived by the appearance* of in-

* I wdiiM not bp understood as differing from the strictures that scientists
have passed upon Dr. Emmons' State work on Insects, but it seems to me that
the reason that Cressonia jufjlamUa is therein determined as ''Bombyx" — and
Passalus cornutus as "Scarites" — is, that they look like it. And this illustrates
the point.

232 [December

sects, which is at times at variance with their structure, so that both
and together must be studied, to determine properly their classificatory
position. The failure, at times, to do this, seems to me the only fault
of Iliibner in his '' Verzeichniss." At first sight, the grey color and
proportions of Fsi/chonoctua would lead us to consider it as belonging
to the Xoctuiilse.

Sub-Family, LITHOSIIN.E.

CYTOEUS, nov. gen.
Allied to Crocotn. Hiibner. Head large and prominent. "Front"
broad. Antennae short and stout, tapering to the tips, biserrate.
Wings broad. Anterior wings rounded at the apices and along exter-
nal margin. Posterior wings ample, rounded at costal angle and along-
external margin. Abdomen short, not as long as the secondaries. Tho-
racic parts well developed; prothoracic pieces broad. Labial palpi flex-
uous ; terminal joints somewhat depressed, exceeding the front. This
genus differs from Crorota in the wider clypeus, more prominent eyes,
shorter, stouter and serrated antenuce, and in the rounded apices of the
piimaries.

Cytorus latus, n. sp. (Plate 4, fig. 1, % .)

Primaries ferruginous-tawny, with irregular shades. A prominent
broad white basal streak extends for one-fourth the leng-th of the winu'
longitudinally below the median nervure. Secondaries pale reddish-
luteous, contrasted, in their much paler color, with the dark primaries;
entirely immaculate.

Under surface of both pair, immaculate. The primaries are covered
with brighter, more reddish scales than their upper surface; seconda-
ries paler, concolorous with their upper surface. Head, caputal append-
ages and thorax, immaculate, nearly concolorous with primaries above.
Abdomen somewhat paler than thorax, without markings. Two speci-
mens. Exp. S , 1.00 inch. Length of body .40 inch.

Hahltat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Numher 474, Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

CROCOTA, Hiibner.
Crocota heros, n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 2, 9 •)

Size large. Palpi moderately exceeding the "front;" antennae slen-
der and rather long. Tawny fulvous. Anterior wings straight along
internal margin ; costal margin arcuated, depressed at apex ; external
margin very moderately oblique, nearly straight. Squammation ob-
scure tawny fulvous, presenting dark leflections from the discal spot

1865.] . 233

and sub-basal band of the under surface. Except a basal, longitudinal,
whitish streak, bordered finely by dark scales, the anterior wings show
no distinct markings of any kind. Posterior Avings fulvous, with a red-
dish tinge, which latter obtains principally at the apices and along ter-
minal margin, and with distinct, black, interrupted fascine. A conti-
nued, angulated, broad, black sub-basal band, not attaining costa.
Beyond, a wide, sub-luniform, black discal spot. A sub-terminal, broken,
macular, black band.

Under surface fulvous, with a reddish tinge on both pair. Primaries
with a broad, sub-basal, transverse band, a large black discal spot, and
an obsolete, sub-terminal series of black dots. On the secondaries the
markings of the upper surface are exactly re-produced.

Caputal and thoracic squammation, unicolorous with primaries ; former
with a faint reddish tinge. x\bdomen, paler, obsoletely marked with
blackish on the segments above. Legs, finely scaled, with a faint grey-
ish shade on the tarsi; inwardly the tibiae and femora are clothed with
reddish fulvous squammation. Exp. 9 , 1.25 inch. Length of body,
U.45 inch.

Uuhitaf.—Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 1024. Poey's MSS. Catalocjae.

Crocota disparilis, n. s.

Palpi rather stout, moderately exceeding the " front," depressed;
antennae moderate, shorter than in C. lirros. Anterior wings straight
along internal margin ; costal margin arcuate, depressed at apex, which
latter is determinate, the external margin sloping away from it inwardly,
thence outwardly rounded to internal angle. LTpper surface of prima-
ries rich, intense brown, with whitish, unequal maculations; one of
these latter at extreme base, one on the disc, beneath this last is a third,
ithe largest and most prominent. A fourth is placed subcostally before
the terminal space. These spots are variable, and hardly afford a spe-
cific character, except in a general sense. The terminal space is paler
than the rest of the wing, and neatly defined. Posterior wings bright
fulvous, resembling closely those of C. heros, m., shaded with reddish
and fasciated with black. A broad angulated basal band, beyond which,
a broad black discal spot; a sub-terminal interrupted macular band.

Under surface of anterior wings dusky, evenly covered with reddish
scales ; a broad, black, transverse, sub-basal band, bordered with a pale
shade; a reduced black discal spot; sub-terminally an obsolete series
of blackish points. Lender surface of secondaries exactly re-producing
the markings of the upper surfece.

234 [December

Head and thoracic parts above, rich, dark brown, concolorous with
primaries. Abdomen, fulvous, with indeterminate dark markings on
the segments above. Legs at base and basal palpi joints, clothed with
reddish scales. Three specimens agree perfectly, except that the sub-
terminal spot on the upper surface of primaries is absent in a single
specimen. Exp. 9 1.15 inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.
Jlabifaf.—Cuhii, (Poey.) Coll. Eut. Soc. Philad.
Niiinhcr '121, Pueys MSS. Catalogue.

Resembles C. quinaria Grote, (of which species I regard C. clioroina
Reakirt, as a synonym) but is sufficiently distinguished by its larger
size, the less oblique external margin of the primaries and their very
different coloration, as well as the ornamentation of the secondaries
which curiously resemble those of C. heros, m., a species otherwise
quite distinct.

TJTETHEI3A, Ilubner.
TJtetlieisa bella.

Tinea bclla, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 885. (1767.)
Noctua ornatri.c, Linn., Syst. Nat. p. 839. (1767.)

bcl/a, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 51, Plate 24, fig. 3. (1770.)

ornntrix, Drury, Exot. Vol. 1, p. 51, Plate 24, fig. 2. (1770.)

Bomby.r bella, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 585. (1775.)

Bombr/x ornatrix, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 586. (1775.)

Phalmaa bclla, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 2, p. 20, Plate 103, fi:^. C— D. (1779.)

Phahcna ornatrix, Qrixiaer, Exot. Vol. 2, pp. 107— 108, Plate 166, figs. C, D, F.

(1779.)
Bombyx bella, Fabr., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 203. (1781.)
Bomhyx ornatrix, Fabr., Sp. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 203. (1781.)
Bombyx bclla, Fabr., Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 131. (1787.)
Bombyx ornatrix, Fabr., Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 131. (1787,)
Bombyx bella, Fabr., Eut. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 479. (1793.)
Bombyx ornatrix, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Vol. 3, p. 479. (1793.)
Utetheisa bclla, Hubner, Verz. Sehmett. p. 168. (1816.)
Utethesia ornatrix, Hubner, Verz. Schmett. p. 168. (1816.)
Uthetheisa ornatrix, Iliibn., Samm. Exot. Schm. Vol. 2, Lejj. 3, Phal 2, Ver. 4.

(1806—1824.)
Deiopcia bclla, Westw. Ed. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 46, PI. 24, fig. 3. (1837.)
Dciojjcia ornatrix, Westw. Ed. Drury, Vol. 1, p. 46, PI. 24, fig. 2. (1837.)
Deiopeia bella, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 568. (1854.)
Deiopcia ornatrix. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. S, p. 567. (1854.)
Deiopeia spcciosa. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 668. (1854.)
Deiopeia bella, Morris, Syn. Lep. N. A. p. 251, App. p. 313. (1860.)
Deiopeia bella, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. new ed. p. 342, PI. 6, fig. 3. (1802.)
Utetheisa bclla, Pack., Syn. U. S. Bomb. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. p. 105. (1864.)
I believe that Fabricius' question in regard to If. ornatrix, "An satis
distincta a B. bella?" will have to be answered in the negative. I
have before me thirteen Cuban specimens ( S and $ ) of U. bella from

1865.] 235

Prof. Foey's collection, Avhich show an extent of variation that leaves
no doubt on my mind that l\ oriiafn'x is merely a form of that species.
To a specimen which actually corresponds with the figures of U. orna-
trijc of Drury, Cramer and Iliibner, and which I have also received
from the West Indies, there is a perfect gradation of obsolescence in
the marking-s of the upper surface of the primaries, from the typical
form described under the specific name of hella, by Liunocus. The
fii-st specimen above f. oriiafn'.r, exhibits one or two disconnected dots
of the transverse macular bands of U. hella ; in this specimen the pos-
terior wings correspond exactly with the figures and with the specimen
of U. ornafn'x, which I have before me. The markings of the posterior
wing's are so variable that no specific character can be drawn from their
ornamentation. From a specimen in which these are largely taken up
with black bands and markings, to one entirely pink, with no black,
except a narrow broken terminal line, there exist all sorts of variation,
too numerous to describe, but sufficiently to be understood by the two
extremes. The under surface presents no specific characters by which
the two species might be separated, neither do the caputal, thoracic and
abdominal parts. I seem, therefore, authorized to unite these two spe-
cies, while I am not decided as to the value to be acceded to the form
hitherto known as U. ornatri.r ; intermediary individuals will probably
prove as plentiful as either form, and it is perhaps better to consider
them all as constituting one variable species which may retain the name
of Utctheisa hella. I am doubtful that Deiopeia apeciosa Walker, is dis-
tinct from the present species. The description in the C. B. M. is in-
sufficient to separate the species from D. hella ; indeed it corresponds
accurately with the specimens of Z). hella from Cuba, in which the usually
orange-colored primaries are more or less red or pink. With regard to
Utetlicisa (.?) aurea^ (Deiopeia aurea Fitch) supposing Dr. Fitch's generic
reference to be correct, I must consider it to be a distinct species, having
seen no approximation to the description in the specimens of U. hella
that I have hitherto examined, while its smaller size indicates its spe-
cific distinctiveness, since i\ hella is remarkably constant in alar ex-
panse. I refer to some interesting remarks on the variability of U.
hella, by Dr. Packard, in his paper on the Bombycidje of the United
States, and briefly mention here an extraordinary accidental variety
which I find among Prof. Poey's specimens. This is a female speci-
men in which the anterior wings display the normal ornamentation of
U. hella, though the ground color is red, (D. specwsa Walker) not
orange-yellow, but the secondaries are sub-hyaline with pale testaceous

236 [December

delicate squammation, while the nervules are difFusedly covered with
pink scales, the latter color obtaining on the costa and along internal
marffi n .

Habitat-— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 207, Poei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

CYDOSIA, Wcst%yood.
Cydosia nobilitella.

Tinea nobilitella, Cramer, Exot. Vol. 3, p. 128, PI. 204, fig. G. (1782.)
Crameria iiobilis, Iliibuer, Verz. Schm. p. 168. (1816.)
Cydo.Hta nobilitella, Westw., '• Xat. Libr. PI. 24, fig. 2."
Cydosia nobilitella. Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 2, p. 524. (1854.)
A specimen from Kio Janeiro in the Society's Collection does not
differ from the Cuban, except that the larger white maculations in the
terminal space of the anterior wings are comparatively reduced in size.
The type of Hiibner's genus Crameria, has been removed to ^E'jocera
by Boisduval and made the type of Charilina by Mr. Walker. Exp.
9 , 1.25 inch. Length of body, .50 inch.
Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number 613, Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

Sub-Family, ARCTIID.^.

AMMALO, Walker.
Ammalo impunctus, nov. Rp.

% . lleddish-ochraceous, with a slight pale stone-colored reflection.
Anterior wings without distinct markings ; a pr minent longitudinal
discal fold. A luniform pale reddish spot beyond the dlscal cell; two
series of similar colored, irregular spots between the nervules in the
terminal space, the upper series parallel with the margin, the lower (in
which the first maculation is situate in the interspace between the se-
cond and third inferior nervules) is inversely oblique, the first macula-
tion situate within the last of the first series, and the last immediately
in the margin above internal angle. These maculations are normally
six in number, three in each series, are faint and hardly disturb the
unicolorousness which the wings pi-esent. The whole wing is indistinctly
marbled with darker shade streaks; fringes short, darker colored. Be-
neath, the costal are stone-colored, and the entire surface covered with
pale reddish-ochraceous scales, faintly reflecting the oi'namentation of
the upper surface ; at base, below costa, some longer, brighter colored
scales. Posterior wings, pale reddish-ochraceous, immaculate, thinly
clothed with scales, unicolorous, since nowhere is the coloration per-
ceptibly deepened; fringes, short, darker colored. Antennae long,

1865.] 237

densely and evenly pectinated; the slender pectinations are long, and
frradually and slightly decrease to the tips. Head reddish-ochraceous,
inipunctate. "Collar" with a slight stone-colored or obscure slaty-
brownish shade, inipunctate. Teirula; reddish-ochraceous, fringed in-
wardlywith didl brownish hairs. Thoracic disc, brownish. Abdomen
pale dull reddish-ochraceous, with fine, distinct, very dark brown bands
above; the first and second basal, not continued across; longer sub-tufts
of hair clothe the abdomen above at base and extend over the first and
S2Cond segmentary bands, thus rendering them incomplete. Palpi,
prominent, exceeding the front, third article conical, finely scaled, brsal
articles clothed with rather bright reddish longer scales. Under tho-
racic parts, clothed with rather bright reddish S({uammation. Tongue,
long, testaceous. Legs, with minute spurs on the middle and hind
tibia?, well developed ; femora clothed with rather bright reddish squam-
mation ; tibae and tarsi pale brownish.

9 • IJesembles the male. The markings on the upper surface of an-
terior wings are more obscured ; the luniform spot beyond the disc is
obsolete. Autennai, longer than in the male, with very short and fine
pectinations. Exp. % , 3.00 inch. Length of body, 1.10 inch. Exp.
9 , 8.30 inch. Length of body, 1.20 inch.

Hah Hal. —Vuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

JViimher 187, Pori/'s JJSS. CataJoyue.

From the character of Cramer's figure of Ammaln Hdops^ from Su-
rinam, I can rely upon the following differences which seem to separate
the two allied species. The vertex, teguhie and base of the anterior
wings show very distinct, large, black dots in A. ILdops, which are en-
tirely wanting in ^1. impunctus., m. The pre-basal abdominal bands are
carried entirely across; the p(^sterior wings are much darker and
brighter, the markings of the upper surface of anterior wings are quite
difi'erent in detail, while the two species are very similar in general
coloration. This species shares the characters laid down for the genus
by Mr. Walker, but the antennfe are more plumose in the 9 than indi-
cated in the diagnosis; the discal fold, prolonged beyond the cell, is
very distinct; the abdomen extends a little beyond the secondaries;
the genital structure is quite concealed. The typical species of Iliib-
ner's genus F(;locliijta are generically distinct from A. Ilelops, which
he associated with them. According to Cramer, the % antennae of JL.
Htlops are ''plumacees," agreeing with "S A. impunctus, m., while those
of the 9 <ire "filiformcs" as, indeed, they are represented in the Plate,
where they are shorter, slenderer and darker colored than those of 9 -4.

238 [DECEMnER

impunchis. These organs in S 9 J[. impimcfus, are dark testaceous,

not bicolorous, as are those 0? A. fervidm Walk., as indicated by the

description of the latter in the British Museum Lists, while generally,

the differences presented by Mr. Walker's description of his species

(of which the habitat is unknown), are too great to allow of its beino-

united with the Cuban species I have just described.

SPILOSOMA, Stephens.
Spilosoma jussiaeae.

Arctia Jussiccce, Poey, Cent. Lepidop. de I'isle de Cuba. (18.32.)
Spih-fomnjussiceoe, Walker, f. B. M. Lep. Pt. 8, p. 679. (1854.)
Spilosoma jussicece, Clem., Proe. Acad. K Sei. Phil. p. 5.32. (1860.)

Very nearly allied to Spilosoma virf/inica, nnd I have great difficulty
in separating it from its Northern ally, nevertheless I believe it to be
a distinct and representative species. The characters assigned to it by
Prof. Poey will not separate it from aS'. virf/inica ; I record the follow-
ing differences which I regard as of specific value. The under surface
of the antennal stem is paler ( % and 9 ) in S.jussifjese, this is blackish
in S. virginica. The terminal palpal joints seem stouter and are paler
in S.jussisese, in which the fore femora and coxae are not so distinctly
maculate. There are no terminal spots on the under surface of the
secondaries in the Cuban specimens. With the exception that the pri-
maries above seem not so purely white, and that the internal ano-le
seems slightly more rounded, I see no further differences, while the
Cuban species is a little smaller sized. I am sure, that unless very
critical discrimination is exercised, the two species will be readily
confounded. This species seems strictly a representative one, while
the cour.se pursued by some naturalists with regard to such species,* in
considering them as geographical varieties, is, I think, incorrect. The
specific element will probably preserve these external characters and
prevent them from becoming evanescent. I am not asserting that my
discriminations between the species at present under consideration are
absolute, but if the paler antennal under surface of jS.Jussisex, is a con-
stant character as opposed to the equally constant blackish coloration
of the same part in S. virginica, I believe that the specific element is
as well preserved through this external manifestation as if one were
banded with all possible shades of colorational distinction. Four
(^ S 9 9 ) specimens of S. jussieese examined. Exp. S and 9 , 1.70
to 1.80 inch. Length of body, 0.60 to 0.75 inch.

Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 112, Foei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

*For instance, the action of Menetries, in recording Papiiio zelicaon Boisd. aa
Var. Califomica of P. machaon, seems improper in every respect.

1865.] 239

ECPANTHERIA, Iliibner.
Eopanthcria albicornis, n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 4, J.)

The Cubiin species is readily distinguished from E. scribonia Iliib.
by its smaller size, white antennae and the shape of the % posterior
wings, since these are but slightly produced at anal angle, being similar
to those of the 9 i'^ this respect. These characters, either singly or
together, will equally separate E. albicorms, from the species described
by Mr. Walker in the British Museum Lists, with the the exception of
E. simplex Walker, which is from a different locality, and in which
the abdomen is said to be "orange above, white at the tip, with brown
and white bands at the base, and with a row of blue spots along each
side." Hence the species differs markedly from the Cuban species in
which the abdomen is cyaneous above, with narrow bands, and resem-
blinj; somewhat that of E. scribonia.

Head, clothed with white scales between the antennae and behind,
immaculate. Lower clypeal surface, beneath the antennal insertion,
covered with pale blackish scales. Palpi, clothed with pale blackish
scales. Antennae, entirely white above, from the base to the tips; be-
neath, the articular appendages, in both sexes, are pale brownish.
"Collar" white, with two sublateral, approximate, brownish annuli.
Patagia, white; an incomplete annulus in front, which is generally
joined on the inner margin to a second, larger and occupying the pos-
terior half of the tegulae. Normally there are six irregularly shaped
annuli on the thoracic disc, which latter is white. Abdomen dark cy-
aneous-blue above, with brownish and whitish ba.sal hairs. The sub-
basal and median segments narrowly banded with yellow anteriorly.
Sometimes these yellow bands are sub-obsolete, the yellow hairs being
gathered dorsally into determinate maculations. Anal segments, entirely
cyaneous ; anus clothed with dark brownish or pale blackish hairs.
Beneath, white, sometimes with a few brownish scales. Thoracic parts
beneath, with mixed whitish and brownish hairs; legs white, all the
femora, tibiae and tarsi, spotted with brownish.

Wings, whitish; anterior pair crossed by six bands of unequal brown-
ish annuli, the fourth, from the base of the wing, broken beyond the
disc, where a few additional annuli are variously clustered. The pos-
terior wings are more thinly covered with scales; costal marks distinct,
and tliere is generally a short terminal series of brownish marks below
costal angle, within which sometimes a series of brownish annuli, more
or less filled in with dark scales. In the male this inner band is some-
times wanting, when the wings are destitute of markings, except those
on the costa and terminally below costal angle. The anal angle is but

240 [December

slightly produced in eitlier sex. The hind wings vary slightly in all
the specimens of either sex that I have before me, and sometimes ( 9 )
the wing is traversed by four undulate, annulate bands. Sometimes
( S ) the thoracic annuli are filled in. Six specimens ('S'SS'S??)
examined. Exp. "S , 1.40 to 1.70 inch; 9) --'^O inch. Length of
body, S 9 9 , 0.70 to 0.80 inch.

Ilahitaf.—Cnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Numher 191, Poci/'s MSS. Catalogue.

ETJPSEUDOSOMA, nov. gen.
% . Primaries large, triangulate, apices produced. Costa very
straight; external margin oblique; internal angle rounded, impromi-
neut; internal margin short. Costal margin twice as long as internal
margin. Nervules straight; discal cell open. First, second and third
m. nervules springing very nearly from one point; fourth, not greatly
removed from the third. Sub-median nervure bent upwards beyond
its middle towards fourth m. nervule, hence the course of this nervure
in Eiqjseudosoma is opposed to that in Spilosoma. Secondaries re-
duced, somewhat quadrangulate ; costal margin roundedly convex;
external margin straight. (The ueuration is undistinguishable, owing
to the condition of the specimen.) Body, stout, finely scaled. The
squammation is close and short. Head, prominent; eyes, large; epicra-
nium broad behind. Prothoracic parts rounded towards the caputal
base, well advanced before the insertion of the primaries. Thorax, glo-
bose and elevated. Abdomen, stout, closely scaled, exceeding the secon-
daries. The anal segment is wanting in the single specimen I have
before me. Maxilla) moderate; labial palpi finely scaled, not exceed-
ing the "front;" legs rather stout, finely scaled, provided with minute
spurs. Antennae long, bi-serrate, tapering to the tips, the serrations
short, acute and rather distant.

This genus is allied to Idalus Walker, with the given characters of
which, the single species very nearly agrees, but on comparing my spe-
cies with the figures of Idalus admirabilis, I do not believe that, though
allied, the two species are congenerical.

Eupseudosoma niveum, inihi.

? Charidea? niyea, Herrich-Sehoeffer, Lep. Exot. fig. 279, 9 . (1850-1858.)

Wings, white. Primaries closely and sparsely covered with a uni-
form white squammation ; a very few scattered dark scales. Beneath,
beyond basal third, a few scarlet scales on internal margin. Seconda-
ries white, sparsely scaled; a few longer scarlet hairs within internal
margin. Beneath, white, immaculate. Thoracic region above, whitish,

1865.] 241

with a very few scattered dark scales. Head, with two faintly blackish
spots, faintly yellowish between the antenn:c; thoracic and abdominal
surface beneath, finely .scaled, whitish. Abdomen above, scarlet, with
a dorsal, whitish, interrupted line. Legs, whitish; outer surface of
middle and posterior tarsi and tibire, pale brownish.

I find no description or locality for the species in Ilerrich-SclucfTer's
work.

P'xp. % , 1.40 inch. Length of body, 1.70 inch.

Ilabifaf.—Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Xumhtr 845, Foei/'s MSS. Cafahr/uc.

ROBINSONIA. nov. gen.

Allied to IlalisiJofa in the shape of the wings, but differing by their
close squammation. and otherwise structurally throughout. Antennas
shorter in the male, with very long and slender pectinations, arranged
on loth sides of the antennal stem and converging inwardly at their
tips. In the female the antennae are simple to the naked eye, but in
reality each joint is provided with lateral tufts of rigid scales. Head,
small; clypeus, narrow, as is especially the epicranium, compared with
IhdUidota. Maxilla3 short. Labial palpi short, third aiticle short,
exceeding the front. Primaries narrow; external margin very obliijue;
internal mar<:;in short. The median r.ervules are nearer tojiether at
at base than in Ualisidota, especially the fourth. Secondaries reduced,
smaller than in Halisulota. But three median nervules. Abdomen
slight, not prominently exceeding the secondaries. Legs finely scaled.

Thi.s genus should apparently fall in between Evpantltcrla and Jlali-
s'duta.

Eobinsonia formula, n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 3, % .)

% and 9 White. Primaries white, with broad, pale brown, distinct
bands. One along costa widening at apical third, diminishing thence
to apex; one along external margin, continued without interruption
along internal margin to base. An equally wide, slightly sinuate band
runs obliquely across the wing, emanating from the costal band at basal
third, and joining the external marginal band above internal angle.
Sometimes thi.s diagonal band is connected with that on the internal
margin, beyond its middle, by accessory brown scales.

Secondaries, white, immaculate. Under surface, resembling upper.
Head, yellowish-white on the '• front" and above, between the antennjc
Prothoracic pieces, white, edged with brown hairs. Disc of the thorax,
brown, with some whitish hairs posteriorly. Tcgulaj, white, edged with
brown scales. xVbdomen, brownish-cinereous, darker in the male than

242 [December

in the female; beneath, with the legs, paler. Anterior tibiae, brownish
outwardly. Three (S 9 9) specimens. Exp. Z and $, 1.45 inch.
Length of body, % and 9 , 0.60 inch.

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Numher 162, Porys MSS. Catalogue.

I have named this pretty genus after my friend, the Entomologist,
Coleman T. Robinson, Esq., of New York City.

HALISIDOTA, Hiibner.
Halisidota cinctipes, n. s.

Nearly allied to Halisidota tessellaris Hub., but beautifully distinct,
and readily distinguished by the general darker color, the wider, darker
and more distinctly margined bands en the primaries, the darker an-
tennae and palpi, and the distinctly banded legs. The specimens de-
scribed by Mr. Walker as H tessellaris, belong to this species which
extends into Mexico and probably occurs thi'oughout South America.

Pale brownish testaceous — Halisidota tessellaris is yellowish testace-
ous— head, larger than in its ally, in the $ the lower clypeal half, be-
neath the antennal insertion, is brownish. Terminal palpal joints, black-
ish, longer, and the entire palpus more prominent than in Halisidot x
tessellaris, lower joints banded with blackish, and with ochraceous scales
on their outward surface. In the 9 , the palpi are almost entirely black-
ish, narrowly interrupted with ochraceous on their outward surface. Tho-
racic surface, brownish-testaceous; tegulae, bordered inwardly with dark
dull olivaceous hairs; disc of the thorax with a longitudinal greenish
stripe. The "green" color is darker and more obscure than in //. tes-
sellaris, andi is not equally distinct in all the specimens I have. Abdo-
men, ochraceous, anal segments brownish, thus differing in the latter
character from H. tessellaris. Beneath, whitish clay-color, without the
yellowish shade on the under thoracic parts which characterises its ally.
Legs, very distinctly banded with brown bands, analagous to those on
primaries, with distinct margins. Femora, tibia? and tarsi, all banded.

Anterior wings, dull pale brownish-testaceous, traversed by five gemi-
nate brown lines as in H. tessellaris, while the spaces enclosed by
these lines are covered with darker scales than in its ally, being
strongly filled in on costa. The reniform, bis-annulate spot, at the
outer extremity of the discal cell, is disconnected from the costal spot
above it, and is filled in with dark scales.

Secondaries, darker than in H. tessellaris; apices with a distinct ter-
minate mark. Exp. % , 1.60, 9 2.0J to 2.20 inch. Length of body,
% , 0.60, 9 0.70 to 0.80 inch.

1865.] 243

ITnhitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Collection Entom. Societ}-, Philadelphia.

Namher 166, Puri/'s MSS. Cataloijuc.

One 9 specimen is labelled " Vera Cruz." ]Mr. Walker gives an ex-
tended habitat for this species. The United States specimens in the
British Museum Collection probably belong to//. tesseUan's, the others,
including the specimen from Venezuela from which Mr. Walker drew
up the description of H. tessellarisj belong to H. cinctipes, I have no
doubt.

Halisidota cubensis, n. sp.

Primaries irregularly and entirely mottled with brownish and pale
streaks. A few brighter scales on internal margin at base, where the
markings are more determinate. Secondaries semi-transparent, the
scales slightly aggregated along the terminal margin. Internal margin
sparsely covered with longer and paler scales. Under surface of both
wings without prominent coloration, merely discolorous.

Palpi, long and prominent, paler beneath, laterally darker colored.
" Front," brownish; base of antennae, pale, and between these a trans-
verse line of pale scales; behind, covered with brown scales. Protho-
racic pieces brown, edged with pale and pale vermillion hairs. Tegulfe,
brown, broadly margined inwardly with pale scales. Disc of the thorax
brown, mixed with pale hairs arranged longitudinally. Abdomen, pale
vermillion above. An obsolete dorsal row of brown spots, observable
in certain specimens towards the anus. Anal hairs entirely brown.
Laterally, a double row of distinct brown segmentary spots. Beneath,
immaculate, whitish cream-color. ]-.egs, whitish ; all the femora pale
vermillion on their inward surface. Five coincident specimens. Exp.
% and 9 , 1.80 to 2.10 inches. Length of body, 0.70 to 0.80 inch.

liab if at. —Cnhn, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 611, Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

Resembles the description of ITaltsidota {Halcsidota') s?r?'^osa Walk.,
from Jamaica, but the under abdominal surface has not " four rows of
black spots." There are other diiferences which prevent its reference
to that species, as will be seen from a comparison of Mr. Walker's de-
scription with that of Halisidota cuhenais.

EUHALISIDOTA, nov. gen.
Size somewhat larger than Halisidota, which the single species re-
sembles, but is sufficiently distinguished by the shape of the wings and
the neurational characters. Costa straight, not so depressed before the
apices as in Halisidota ; external margin evenly rounded, not excavate
below the apices; internal angle rounded and not prominent. The

244 [December

first and second median nervules arise from one point, the third further
removed and thus resembling the disposition of these nervules in Flalixi-
(lota, but the fourth ni. nervule springs from the m. nervure at about
the middle, hence is much further removed towards the base of the
wing than in Ilalisidofa. Secondaries, well-sized, with acute apices;
external margin evenly rounded, very slightly excavate before anal
angle. The third m. nervule is well removed from the point from
whence the first and second spring, while the fourth is greatly removed
towards the base of the wing. All the nervules further apart, render-
ing the interspaces and the entire wing relatively wider.

Head, large and pressed against the prothoracic parts; clypeus, sub-
triangulate, narrowing towards the base, wider than in Halisidota.
Palpi, prominent, porrect, held apart, apical joints slender and short,
inclined forwards. Maxillas, moderate. Antenna;, rather long, finely
and shortly pectinate to their tips ( 9 )• Basal sockets, large and pro-
minent. Prothoracic, pieces narrow. Thorax, globose and elevated.
Abdomen stout, exceeding the secondaries; s,enitals concealed; anal
segment greatly and suddenly narrowed ( $ ).

The squammation is thin and powdery, not fine and close as in Ha-
lisidota ; the single species is pale yellowish clay-colored, irregularly
sprinkled with black dots on the primaries and over thoracic region
above.

Euhalisidota luxa, n. sp. (Plate 4, fig. 5. 9-)

9 . Very pale yellowish testaceous. Primaries, marked with irregu-
lar and sparse black powdery dots; these are plainer on the costa and
form two interrupted geminate bands at basal third, of which the second
is irregularly continued to internal margin, while the first is apparently
discontinued below the median nervure. Beyond, two central black dots.
The apical third of the wings, irregularly and sparsely sprinkled with
small black dots, congregated beyond the extremity of the discal cell.
The ground color of the wing shows no darker shades, being unicolor-
ous whitish clay-color.

Secondaries, pale testaceous, semi-transparent. The scales are laid
on evenly and thinly; the internal margin fringed with longer hairs.
No markings or shades of any kind.

Under surface of primaries whitish testaceous, resembling upper sur-
face in coloration, and without markings of any kind.

Head, and upper thoracic parts like primaries in coloration; "front"
with a few dark isolated scales, which do not prevent the appearance of
unicolorousness; "collar" with central black scales on both sides; tegulce

1865.] 245

with central black murks; disc of tlie thorax, a little darker, with scat-
tered black scales.

Abdouieii, darker, slightly ochreous above; paler beneath. I detect
no prominent markings, but in the individual I have under observation
it is somewhat rubbed. Legs, colored like the body; inward surface of
anterior femora, distinctly ochraceous. Exp. % , 2.50 inches. Length
of body, 1.00 inch.

Rubifaf.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 1042, Poeys 3ISS. Cataloijiic.

It is possible, that among the species of HaUsidota described by Mr.
Walker in the British Museum Lists, more material belonging to this
genus will be found. From the descriptions, the species cannot be re-
ferred to any of these.

PARETJCILffiTES, nov. gen.

The Cuban species ditl'er from Euclisetes ecjle, in the closer, more
sparse squammation, which becomes sub-diaphanous on the secondaries.
The ueuration very nearly agrees; the secondaries are hardly so full,
the internal nervures more propinquitous. The head and thoracic
parts are more finely scaled. Head wider behind, more prominent;
palpi smaller, not exceeding the front. The fringes on the wings are
shorter than in E. egle. The distinctional characters that I have ob-
served seem to warrant the erection of the new genus.

Pareuchsetes cada-verosa. nov. sp.

Pale dull yellow. Primaries, pale dull yellow, immaculate above and
beneath. Secondaries, paler than the primaries, immaculate above and
beneath, sub-diaphanous. Body, closely scaled. Head, with a more
ochreous shade. Prothoracic pieces, tegulas and thorax, concolorous
with primaries. Abdomen of a deeper, more ochreous yellow; a dorsal
segmentary series of dark brownish spots. A single reduced lateral
series of spots. Beneath much paler. T/nder thoracic surface and
legs, yellowish. Tarsi and anterior and middle tibiai, brownish. An-
tennte brown, with stout, short pectinations, produced from the under
surface. In the female the pectinations are shorter, but quite distinct.
Four specimens ( S S 9 ? ). Exp. S, 1.30 to 140, 9 1.40 inch.
Length of body, S and $ , 0.(50 inch.

JIabitnt.—Cnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Ninnhrr 406, Poe>/s 3ISS. Catalogue.

Pareuchaetes affinis, nov. sp.

Very nearly allied to P. cadaverosa^ but I regard it as a distinct
species. Smaller, of a more clayey yellow, entirely immaculate ; no

246 [December

abdominal maculations in either sex. The antenDao are paler brown ;
in the female, the pectinations are very minute, so much reduced as to
appear to be wanting to the naked eye, and it needs a tolerably strong
magnifier to discover the slight processes which emanate from the an-
tennal articles. In the male specimen, the antennas are defective;
enough remains of them to show that these are more strongly pectinate
than in the female. Two ( % and 9 ) specimens. Exp. %, and 9 , 1.20
inch. Length of body, 0.40 inch.

ffuhitat.—Cuhii, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. 80c. Philad.

Number 406, " var.," Foej/s J\JSS. Catalorjue.

ERITHALES, Poey.
Erithales gnacolda.

Erithales guacolda, Poey, Cent. Lepid. Cuba, Decade 2. (18.32.)
Erithales guacohla, Walker, Cat. B. M. Lep. PL 7, p. 1GS8. (1856.)
Two ( % and $ ) specimens.

This interesting species has been well figured by Prof. Poey, and the
characters of the genus explained. The specimens before me are much
paler than in the figure, probably for the reason that, with other ma-
terial in the present collection, they have become faded through age.
Habitat. — Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Eat. Soc. Philad.
Number 511, Poci/'s MSS. Catalo<jne.

Sub-Family, DASYCHIR.E.

EUFEOCTIS. Ilubner.
Euproctis argentiflua.

Euproctis argentiflua. Ilubner, Samm. Exot. Sehm. Lep. .", Bomb. 2, Ver. '■'>,

Leu. A, Alb. 2. (1806—1824.)
Euproctis argentiflua, Walker, C. B. M. Lep. Pt. 7, p. 1729. (1850.)
Two specimens, % and 9 •

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.
Number 79 Poeyh MSS. Catalogue.

Phryne immaculata, nov. gen. et. sp.

Under the number 229, Prof. Poey sends specimens of a species dif-
fering generically from E. argfntiflua. This small species is entirely
milk-white; the corporal parts are finely scaled; head narrower across
the vertex than in Euproctis ; antennae simple. The sub-ovoid cocco-
net accompanies the specimens. This is flattened beneath, of firm tex-
ture, and with a circular lid at the smaller end, through which the
imagine makes its escape. The delicate shell of the chrysalis protrudes
through the opening. This genus, which is smaller than Euproctis,
shows evident affinity with those Limadodes with simple antennae, and
resembles casually a glistening white crambid with very long wings

1865.] 247

sent under the number 573. Exp. ■£ , 1.20 inch. Length of body,
.40 inch.

Jfabitaf.—Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Ulosata cretata Grote, from Louisiana, evidently occupies an inter-
mediate position between Euproct!s and Lacjoa. It resembles the
former genus in the squammation and in the silky whiteness of the
wings, while the antennal structure allies it closely with Lagoa crispata,
Packard. The scales so closely hide the wings of these species, that
neurational characters are impossibly to be observed without the de-
struction of the specimens.

Sub-Family, PSYCHID.E.

(ECETICUS, Guilding.
(Eceticus Poeyi.

Oiketicus Poeyi, Lucas, (Auth. Poey.)

I have not seen Lucas' work, in which this species is described.
Judging from the figure of the male (E. Kirbii, Guilding, given in
Griffith & Pidgeon's " Cuvier," Vol. 2, p. G79, Plate 132, fig. 1, % ,
the male of (E. Por)/ i differs by its smaller size, and in that the anterior
wings are more produced apically, the external margin more oblique,
while the posterior wings are greatly excavate on external margin. Dr.
Herrich-SchaelFer figures CE. fuJijerator from Brazil, in the " Lep.
n. a. m. cog.," and this figure nearly agrees with the Cuban specimens,
and may be the .same species. However, it appears to repre.>ent a larger
insect, with longer abdomen 5 there is a basal dash above internal mar-
gin on the primaries which is well defined; this is absent in (E. Poci/i,
in which the base of anterior wings at this place has merely a difi"use
darker shade. I have not sufficient material to judge from, and cannot
say whether all these species are identical or not, while I incline to be-
lieve them distinct. Certainly if ffi". i^wyt is distinct from (E. Kh-bii,
the species figured by Dr. Herrich-Schoeffer is also distinct from Guild-
ing's species as figured in Griff. & Pidg. work above cited.

Dark brown ; the discal field of the primaries largely shaded with very
dark brown. A vitreous irregular transverse bar, beyond the discal cell.
Secondaries darker than primaries; external margin greatly concave.

The shell of the remarkable female of this species accompanies the
specimen. Alcoholic material of the latter would be needed, in' order
to study its peculiar structure. Exp. S , 1.40 inch. Length of body,
.80 inch.

Jlablfaf.—C^iha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 175, Foei/'s MSS. Catalogue.

248 [Decemtier

HYMENOPSYCHE. nov. gen.
Head small; compared with (Ecetlcus it is less exserted, more sunk
in the prothoracic parts, which latter are more prominent and elevatei
than in its ally. Oral structure obsolete. Abdomen, exceeding the
secondaries by half or nearly half its length, stout. The corporal
parts in their entirety are clothed with upright, loose, furry squamma-
tion ; tarsi, naked, unguiculate. Wings, vitreous, or nearly so, very
sparsely covered with scales within the internal margins of either pair;
nervures and costa with scattered scales. Primaries, broad; costa,
straight; external margin, roundedly oblique; internal margin, short,
the angle rounded. Costal nervure, simple, joining the costa before
the apex. Sub-costal nervure, approximate and parallel with costal,
throwing off two nervules to costa, which these join beyond the end of
the costal nervure. A third is thrown off in a straight line to apex,
before which it is furcate. A fourth nervule arises near the point from
whence the third is thrown off and runs somewhat depressedly to ex-
ternal margin. Fifth springs from the discal cross-vein, well removed
from the fourth. Discal cell large, sub-triangular, traversed longitudi-
nally by a distinct median fold, or thickening of the membrane. A
second, lower fold, springs from the m. nervure and is shortly continued
to the cross-vein, approximate to the point of origin of the first m. nervule.
The cell is closed by a thickening of the membrane, not by a true ner-
vure, since from the origin of the fifth s. c. to that of the first m. the
cross-vein is obsolete. Median nervure, geminate from its base to the
discal cell. First and second m. nervules, thrown off neir toijether and
divaricating to the margin. Third, thrice farther removed from second,
than second from first. First m. nervule, furcate before the margin.
Sub-median nervure, prominently sinuate and angulated at the point of
its greatest distance from internal margin, thence running obliquely
downwards to the margin which it joins at internal angle. Seconda-
ries, reduced; external margin, hardly rounded, nearly straight, exserted
before anal angle; the wing is well developed towards internal margin,
which is folded downwards. Costal nervure, arcuate, strong;, forming:
the upper margin of a large enclosed discal cell. Nervules extremely
stout. This cell is traversed by a strong fold emanating from the cos-
tal nervure just beyond the base, and by a median fold similarly ema-
nating from the m. nervure. Median nervure. strong, throwing off fii-st.
second and third short m. nervules; third, a little farther removed from
second, than second from first, and also longer. Sub-median and internal
nervures, simple, independent, running closely together at base, sepa-

1865.] 240

rating to external margin. Sub-median with a basal upward projection.
Antennje resembling those of Ot^ceticus, widely bi-pectinate at ba.'^ul
half, terminal joints with small serrations, flexuous, recurved.

Female, apterous, vermiform.

Type : GlJceficus coni/crnrum, Harris.

This genus differs from the closely scaled species of (Eceft'cus in many
particulars, though a near ally. It resembles greatly the figure of
Jnimnhi (Jlchroa H-S., from Venezuela, and may be identical with it.
8iDce, however, no specific or generic diagnosis is given of the South
American species, I cannot accept that genus, while the figure differs
in detail. The secondaries are more reduced and rounded, and the
nervulation is different. The first m. nervule of the primaries is not
furcate.* The antennae seem equally pectinate from base to tip, the
latter not flexuous. The genital organs have a different representation.
Ht/mcnnpsj/chc contains two species, differing slightly from one another
in CS ) structure, as indeed is the rule rather than the reverse in the
present Sub-family, as well as in the Cei-atocampadse.

Hymenopsyche thoracicum, n. s.

Smaller than H. coni/erarum. "Wings more sparsely scaled. Tho-
racic region above, and supra caputal parts, clothed with pale, some-
what sericious hair. Elsewhere the rather coarse and stout squamma-
tion of this little species is brownish-black. First m. nervule of the
primaries strongly furcate. A cell is formed by an ob.?olete '' vein,"
running from the base of the wing to the angulated portion of the sub-
median nervure. This is obsolete in my specimens of //. coinferarum.
M. nervure not distinctly geminate at base. Genitals displayed, con-
sisting of a flattened, corneous, acutely cordate piece, from beneath
which a slender, blunt, longer process is protruded, held in a lower
basal sheath, embraced by the lateral claspers. Two specimen.s. Exp.
% . 1.00 inch. Length of body, 0.45 inch. 9 unknown.

Habitat.— GnhA, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 183, Poeys MSS. Catalogue.

PSYCHONOCTUA. nov. gen.

In the male the antennae are short, closely bi-pectinate laterally, to
half their length from the base ; the pectinations are fine and rather
close, and decrease suddenly at the middle of the antennte, the termi-
nal half of which is provided with very short processes, appearing sim-
ple to the unassisted eye. Scape moderately prominent and tufted.

*In a single individual of H. coni/crarum, that I have before me, this furca-
tion is obsolete on the right primary.

250 [December

In the female the antennas are long and entirely simple. The male
antennae are less than half as long as those of the female, and bear a
rather close resemblance to those of the % O^ceticus. Head, projected,
but not prominently visible from above; clypeus broad. Prothorax
well developed ; thorax, flattened above. In the female the head is
larger than in the male. Labial palpi small in the male, pressed against
the front which they do not exceed in either sex, but are more promi-
nent in the female. The maxillae are moderately developed in the
female. I do not detect their presence in the male. Beneath, the
eyes, which are well developed, are approximate. The 9 hind tibiae are
spurred at the base of the joint, and have a lateral, longer spur at about
the middle of the joint. The anterior wings, in the male, are narrow,
not much dilated on external margin. Costa straight, external margin
evenly rounded, short, since it is not oblique, the internal margin being
nearly as long as the costal margin. Discal cell closed. First and se-
cond m. nervules springing from one point. Third, a little removed.
Fourth, thrown off slightly nearer the third than usual, depressed, since
it joins the margin at internal angle. Interspaces, narrow. Internal ner-
vurj, very sinuate, joining the internal margin before the angle. The
internal margin is sinuate, following the course of the nervure. In the
female the external margin is more oblique; the internal margin is
straight; the nervure is straight and joins the external margin at the
internal angle; the median nervules are straighter, longer, the fourth
joins the external margin much before the internal angles. There are
but three median nervules, while the costal nervulation differs markedly.
In the male the c. nervure throws off three divaricating nervules at the
point of anastomosis with the curved discal cross-vein. In the female
the costal nervulation is normal ; in both sexes a discal nervure is
thrown off from the centre of the discal cross-vein to external margin.
There is a corresponding disparity between the sexes in the nervula-
tion of the secondaries. Abdomen, tapering in the male, exceeding
the secondaries; genitals concealed.

The structural differences between the two specimens I have before
me are very great, and I with difficulty believe them to belong to one
species. Nevertheless these differences are mostly neurational, if we
except the antennal and, perhaps, the maxillary characters. The two
specimens are sent as S and 9 of one species by Prof. Poey, under one
number. The general coloration is similar, s^^juammation sparse. In
case of error, I propose, that the generic and specific names I here
adopt, shall be retained for the male specimen. I am prepared here

1865.] 251

for extraordinary structure, since the genus evidently belongs to that
anomalous group — the Psychidas.

Psychonoctua personalis, nov. sp.

Whitish cinereous. Ornamentation sub-obsolete. In the male som*
obscure marblings of brownish scales along internal margin and temi-
nally. Secondaries whitish, without markings. In the female speci-
men there is a terminal line and a series of sub-terminal, dark, inter-
spaceal, short dashes. Secondaries with a broad, diffuse, pale blackish
band along external margin. Head, thorax and abdomen, whitish cine-
reous, paler, nearly white, in the male. Under surflice of thoracic re-
gion, clothed with long whitish hair which is shorter, however, than in
the male. Both specimens are a little rubbed. Exp. % , 1.60 inch;
9 , 2.00 inch. Length of body, % , .80 inch ; 9 , 1.00 inch.

JTnbitat.—Cnha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 850 Fuel's MSS. Catalogue.

PEROPHORA, Harris.
Perophora Packardii, n. s. (Plate 4, fig. 6, J .)

The Cuban species is readily distinguished from P. Mehlif'imeru'
Harris, by its uniform pale brownish color, being entirely without
brighter shades or tints, as well as by the presence of two small super-
posed vitreous discal spots, which are apparently coalesced in the male.
Entirely pale wood-brown, irrorate with dark scales; irrorations most
prominent without the common brown line, which runs across the wings
as in our Northern species. Apices of primaries more pointed than in
P. Mehheimerii ; external margin rounded to internal angles in both
pair and not excavate before the angles. Very faint traces of the sub-
basal costal mark are visible on tlsi primaries, while the outer common
line is paler, more brownish than in our species. Head, body and legs,
concolorous with the wings, sparsely irrorate with dark scales ; in the
female, the abdomen very prominently exceeds the posterior wings.
The male resembles the female in coloration and ornamentation, except
that the vitreous discal spots appear to be united, while it is considera-
bly smaller. The wings in both sexes are darkest outside of the com-
mon fascia, immediately within which, the primaries show their palest
shade. Exp. % , 1.20, $ 2.00 inches. Length of body, Z , .60 inch.
9 1.00 inch.

Jfabitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 612, Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

From the excellent and detailed description of Perophora Batesii,
given by Mr. Edward Newman, this species widely differs in several

252 [Decembek

structural points. The % antenna are not provided with the expanded
scape, and do not differ from those of P. 31'hheimerii. The abdomen,
while exceeding the hind wings, is unprovided with the long, parallel,
porrected, hirsute processes, described as characterizing the male of P.
BateslL The coloration also differs.

It is interesting to find this genus represented in Cuba by a distinct
species. The representation of the sub-family is structurally very in-
teresting, since it contains four species, belonging to so many different
genera. From a study of the excellent figures given in the anonymous
work on the Lepidoptere of Surinam, I see that the ^'- Bomhyx vorax''
of this unknown author, represents a species allied to Perophora , and
belonging to the present Sub-family.

I have named the Cuban Perophora after A. S. Packard, Jr., M.
D., whose recent papers on the Bombycidte of the United States have
added greatly to our proper appreciation of the most interesting Family
of the Sub-Order. ^ ■

Sub-Family, PTILODOXTES.

HETEROCAMPA, Donbleday.
Heterocampa cubana, nov. sp. (Plate -4, fig. 7, 9-)

Allied to H. obliqua Packard, but a more brownish species, wanting
the white sub-apical patch and the greenish shade of the upper surface
of the primaries which characterize our Northern species. The speci-
mens, however, appear to be faded, and the greenish shades in this
genus seem easily lost by age and etiolation. A geminate irregular
sub-basal line. The costa is marked by alternate darker and paler
streaks. Median lines outwardly arcuated, joining below at the middle
of the wing, a long cuned interspaceal black dash which is bordered
above by a paler shade ; a similar paler shade beyond the median line
above internal margin. This latter shade is bounded outwardly by a
faint liue, which appears to be discontinued above the linear black in-
terspaceal dash. Indistinct lines beyond the disc, discontinued above
the interspaceal dash. An arcuated, black, sub-apical line, joining a
very narrow streak in the interspace above the first m. nervule. A
sub-terminal shade band and narrow terminal line. In the male the
ornamentation is sub-obsolete. Secondaries whitish, dusted with brown-
ish scales. Under surface of primaries brownish. Head and thorax
brownish, tegulae with internal dark marginal lines uniting in front.
Abdomen, pale brownish. Antennaa shorter than in //. obliqua, the
basal pectinations in the male not extending so far from the antennal

1865.] 253

base. Three ( ? 9 S ) specimens. Exp. % , 140, 9 1.80 inch. Length
of body, % , 0.75, 9 0.85 inch.

Jlahif at. —Cuha, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Xumber 185, Foet/'s MSS. Catalogue.

CARATHIS, nov. gon.

Wings narrow. Primaries, nearly twice as long as wide ; costa slightly
depressed centrally, arcuated apically; apices, prominent. External
margin, oblique and moderately sinuate; internal angle, rounded. In-
ternal margin, straight. First and second median nervules springing
from one point, third a little removed, fourth well removed from third.
A discal fold. Secondaries reduced ; costa straight, external margin
slightly and gradually excavate before anal angle. The wings are
cleanly cut and deprived of fringes. Squammation very close and
densely and equally covering all the corporal and alar parts. x\ntennte.
short and stout, tapering, provided with very small pectinations, pro-
duced from beneath the antennal stem. Head, moderate, pressed
against the prothorucic parts. Palpi, prominent, porrect, held free
from and exceeding the front. Epicranium, broad. Prothoracic pieces,
narrow. Abdomen, moderately stout, closely sealed, exceeding the se-
condaries by half its length. Genital organs concealed. Legs, slender,
minutely spined on the third tibiie. Maxillaj, moderate.

Carathis gortynoides. (Plate 4. fig. 8. 'J,.)

Rich brown. Primaries evenly covered with brown scales, with clus-
tered white spots, reminding one of the Noctuid genus Gorti/na. Base
with white spots, narrowly divided by brownish scales. Beyond, a yel-
lowish transverse line, sending out, at right angles, a short branch along
median nervure. Above and below this branch are white spots ; the
upper, spherical, the lower, elongate, sub-pyriform, tapering to internal
margin. At the extremity of this branchlet a small white spot on the
vein. Three prominent costal spots above the discal cell. The first,
the largest, white. The middle, outwardly oblique, yellowish, shaped
like an abbreviated band. The outer, the smallest, white. Immedi-
ately below these, on internal margin, a dark yellowish spot. Termi-
nally, an elongated cluster of white spots, narrowly divided by brown
scales ; the larger spots placed outwardly, sub-triangulate, fitting into
those on the inner side are a series of pale yellowish spots; within these
a series of smaller more oval spots. All these spots are more or less
united in one specimen. Secondaries, pale blackish-brown ; testaceous
along the costa, without markings. Beneath, pale, dull brownish; on
the primaries, the white guttations of the upper surface are partially re-

254 [Decembeb

produced. Head brown; a parallel narrow white line crosses the cly-
peus before the antennal insertion. Behind, two large white spot)*,
narrowly separated by dark scales. Thorax, brown, concolorous with
primaries. At the sides, the tegulse show large white spots. Abdomen,
pale blackish-brown ; terminal segments, edged posteriorly with paler
scales of a warmer tint. Beneath, paler, of a warmer hue. Two spe-
cimens. Exp. % , 1.30 inch. Length of body, 0.60 inch.

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Nximher 470 Poei/'s MSS. Catalor/iie.

Sub-Family, HEPIALID.E.
Tribe, CossiNi.

XYLEUTES, Hubner.
Xyleutes piger, nov. sp.

Size moderate, smaller than X. rohi/iise, Peck sp. Dark grey. Pri-
maries covered with a fine net-work of blackish lines, strongly marked
on costa and diflFused pretty evenly over the entire upper surface of
the wings, leaving, nevertheless, a clear costal space before the apex at
about apical third. In the male the secondaries are entirely black,
except along costal margin, smaller than in the female; external mar-
gin strait»:ht, not rounded. In the female the secondaries resemble the
primaries in ornamentation and coloration, external margin slightly
rounded. Antennae blackish. Thoracic parts covered with mixed
grey squammation, without determinate markings. Legs whitish, tarsi
and tibiae clothed with black scales outwardly, annulated and spotted
•with white. E^p.'S , 1.65, $ 1.60 inch. Length of body, 9 , 0.85 inch.

Habitat.— Cuba, (Poey.) Coll. Ent. Soc. Philad.

Number 173 Poey's MSS. Catalogue.

The female of this species seems to be slighter than the male. The
specimens, though fresh, are defective.

The Tribe Hepiali.ni — curiously resembling the Diurnal Chionobas,
in the diaphanous and similarly sized anterior and posterior wings, and
somewhat in the shape of these latter — is not represented in the present
collection. Hepialus and its immediate allies, do not appear to be
represented so fully in the New as in the Old World.

The very moderate representation of the Bombycidae in Cuba — taking
this collection of Prof. Poey'sas a basis — allows of but few comparisons
with the representation of the Family elsewhere, and adds, on the whole,
but little distinctive value to the Cuban fauna. So far as I am aware,
the Lithosiid genus and species Cydosia nobiliteUa Westw. with Hall-

1865.] 255

uilota cinctipcs are the only representatives of the family that occur
likewise on the South American Contineiit. The geographical form of
our Northern Utethesia hella Hiibn., described as Dciopeia speciosa by
Mr. Walker, occurs likewise in Jamaica, and is perhaps replaced by
what may be another geographical race of the same species — Utethesia
oniatrix — on other Islands of the West Indian Archipelago, if not, as
I suspect, associated with it. In the Arctiid/e -we have peculiar species
of Annnafo, Spilosoma, Ecpantheria and Ilalisidota, which are, so
far as we are aware, confined in their representation to the Island, and
are partly replaced in Jamaica and other Islands by allied but distinct
species- One species oi Halisidota {H. cincfipes Grote), seems to find
its northern limit to the eastward and, as we go southward from the
Gulf States, by its substitution for our common //. tessellaris Hiibn.,
offers the strongest evidence that we have entered on a distinct Faunal
Province, while it gives no individuality to the insular fauna, since it
occurs in South America and Mexico. It is not improbable that it will
be taken in Texas, judging from what is known of the Fauna of that
State. The utter absence of Aitaci and Ceratocam,pidae, deprives the
Family of what is always its greatest interest and beauty, and for
which no compensatory value is offered. The Family has dwindled
and become unimportant, encroached upon by the Zi/gsenidae., which
here appear in much greater diversity than in the colder climates of
the Northern American Continent.

New Species and eorrections in tlie family PSELAPHID.S;.

BY E M I L B R E N I) E L , M . T) .

After considerable delay, I am able to add the following descriptions
of new species of the family " Pselaphidae" to my former publications:

1. Adranes LeContei, n.sp. — Testaceus, translucens, capite cylindrico, thorace
8ub-cylindrico, pone medium lateraliter compresso, elytris angulis apicalibus
mediis et exteriiis pilosis, abdomine excavate, marginato, ad basin in margine
tuberculato. Long 2.5 m. m.

The general form of this insect is essentially the same as in A. coccus
Lee, but the head is broader in front, somewhat obconical, with two
very small approximate tubercles in the middle of the base, the front
overhangs the face; without eyes; the vertex of the male is longitudi-
nally bistriate. The last joint of the antennas is a little narrower at
the truncated end. The thorax, seen from above, is cylindrical, longer
than the head, behind the middle laterally compressed, in the depth of
the impression sulcate all around, behind which sulcus, at the middle

256 [December

of the base, is a large round groove with a smooth bottom and a. distinct
puncture in the centre; before the groove, the thorax is suddenly ele-
vated, forming the acute end of the median ridge of the thorax ; on each
!«ide of the groove at the base is a small tubercle. The elytra are trun-
cate at the sutural posterior angles, with tufts of yellow hair at the
middle and outer angle. The abdomen is widest at the base, wider
than the elytra at the tip, excavated from one side to the other, with
a large smooth tubercle each side at the base on the margin. The lesrs
are in proportion longer than in roerua, the anterior coxse are cylindri-
cal, prominent, the intermediate globose, the posterior transverse.

The male diifers in the above mentioned striae on the vertex, the
i)itermediate tibiae being sinuous inside and armed with a very small
spur at the end, the intermediate trochanters being armed with a strong
cylindrical spine, and the metastcrnum, which is in the female lancet-
.vhaped reaching between the hind coxae, is in the male much elevated,
truncate and bifurcate before the posterior coxje; between the latter are
two punctures and a tuft of hair.

One 9 W3S found by me some six years ago in Illinois, and speci-
mens of both sexes were lately collected in large numbers by Mr. Chas.
Sonne, in Chicago.

The honor of havir;g discovered it to be a new species is due to Dr.
John L. LeConte. The discovery of the male belongs to Mr. Sonne.

2. Bryaxis velutina is identical with Decarfhron formicefi.

.3. Bryaxis clavata (Var. conjuncta). — Nigra, nitida, elytris piceis, capite tri-
foveata, thorace globoso, foveis tribus siilco arenato connexis, antennis raarit;
articulis tribus ultimis valde elevatis. Long 2.0 ni. m.

Separated from B. conjuncta, of which it differs by the antennas of
the male having the 1 — 2 joint subequal cylindrical, the 3 — 4 small
globose, the 5 — 6 equal, larger, globose, the 9 — 10 much enlarged,
transverse, very hairy, forming with the last, ovate, acute joint one
thick club.

I consider it to be the northern climatical form of B. conjuncta.

This species with B. conjuncta , dcntata, alxlominaUs, and the two

following form one conclave, having the base at the thorax transversely

sulcate and distinguish themselves as follows:

First abdominal segment of the male entire B. conjuncta and clavata.

First abdominal segment behind produced in a lobe...B. dentata.
First abdominal segment behind produced in two acu-
minate lobes B. Illinoiensis.

First and second segment with two lobes B. Floridana.

The three first segmentB with two lobes each B. abdominalis.

1865.] 257

4. B. lUinoiensis, n. sj>. — Xigra, nitida, clytris sanguineis punctatis, thoraco
latoribus rotuJidatis, foveis tribus sequalibus vix coujunctis, abdominis articulo
primo maJDrc. Long 1.5 m. in.

The species before nie is a mule of black color, polished, pubescent;
the elytra are red, punctulate, the dorsal stria; abbreviated befor'^ the
middle. The head is bifoveate ; the antonii;\! piceous, the 1 — 2 joint
little larger, subequal, obconical, the 3d smaller obconical, the 4 — G
larger, nearly equal, rounded, the 7 — 8 smallest, rounded, the 9th
larger, somewhat transverse, the 10th still larger, obconical, transverse,
the last, tiie largest, ovate acuminate. The thorax is rounded, little
narrower before, e(|ually trifoveato, the lateral grooves connected by a
very slightly impressed sulcus around the base. The abdomen has the
first dorsal segment larger, behind bilobed, the lobes acute not clavated
over the level of the anterior part, at the base transversely impressed
with two distant abbreviated strife. The second segment has a vario-
loid impression at the base with eight punctures in the disk. The legs
are piceous, the tarsi testaceous, the intermediate trochanters are armed
with a small acute spine.

The only specimen till now known was found by Dr. Ilelmuth, of
Chicago, who kindly sent it to me for description.

5. B. floridana. n. sp. — F\isca nitida, elytri.s minute ]iunctulatis, tliorace sub-
angulato, foveis tribus sequalibus impresso, trochanteribus anticis muticis, an-
tennis articulo quinto majore. Long 1.6 — 1.7 m. m.

The female differs very little from the female of B. ahrJomiualis. but
it is much smaller. The male is somewhat longer than the female, has
the first and second abdominal dorsal segment bilobed behind; the first
segment is transversely impressed at the base, with two distant abbre-
viated stria;, and a curved ridge, tending backwards to the rounded
point of the lobes, leaving the intermediate space depressed, in the
common notcli between the lobes of the first and second segments is a
varioloid impression with eight punctures in the disk ; the three last
segments are simple.

It was found by me in the settlements of St. John River, in Florida.

I consider these two species as climatical aberrations of the B. ahdo-
minalis. of which I saw only specimens from the Northeast of the V. S.

6. B. congener, n. sp. — Testaceus, breviter pubescens eaj)ite trifoveato, thorace
trifoveato, fovea intermedia minuta, elytris stria dorsalis fere integra, antennis
longiu:^culis. Long 1.0 m. m.

This species most resembles B. puncficolh's^ but it is less stretched,
much smaller in stature, more short and heavy set, like B. rubuundd,
of a saturated yellowish-brown color, seems not to change to a darker

258 [December

hue, as the numerous specimens before me are all alike. The head
has three grooves, one on the front between the antennae, and two on
the vertex; the antennae are longer than the head and thorax together,
the joints are oblong-cylindrical, the fifth joint is larger than the ad-
joining, the ninth and tenth obconical, larger, the last ovate. The
thorax is subangulate, rounded, impunctured, with two lateral and one
very small middle groove. The elytra are impunctured, shortly pube-
scent, the hairs very regularly disposed, the dorsal striae are nearly
entire. The abdomen is short, the first segment larger, pubescent, with
two very short, approximate, obsolete striae near the middle of the base.
It differs from B. puncficollis by the shorter stature, the impunctured
thorax and the color; from B. riihicu lu hi by the color and the extremely
small size. They were found near the seashore of Long Island, N. Y.

7. B inornata, n. sp. — Flava, impunetata, capite thoraceque impressionibus
nullis. Long 1.5 m. m.

This insect takes the same place among the Bryaxis as Arthmius does

among the B.itrisus, and is easily recognized by the entirely smooth

rounded thorax. Found in South Carolina.

8. Batrisus cristatus Lee. is identical with B. fcrox — (Teste Dr. John L. Le-
Conte.)

9. Batrisus aculeatus Lee. is the J of ^. albionicus Aube — (Teste Dr. John L.
LeConte,)

10. Batrisus striatus is a variety of B. ghbosus — (Teste Dr. John L. LeConte.)

IL Batrisus juvencus, n. sp. — Elongatus, gracilis, castaneus, capite reticulato,
subtrianguhire oculis parvis paree proniinulis. vertice minus convcxo obsolete
cristato, suleis lateralibus, thorace trilmeato, elytris f)unctatis, tibiis inarmatis.
Long 1.5 in. m.

This is the smallest species known to me in stature, resembling B.
/erox, but more elongate. The head is plano-convex, the fronte plane,
the lateral margin obsoletely separated by a slightly impressed sulcus,
the vertex not elevated with an obsolete depressed carina. The anten-
nal joints are inconspicuously growing larger from the 3d — 8th joint,
the 9th and 10th are thicker, nearly transverse, the last ovate acumi-
nate. The thorax is widest before the middle, punctured, obsoletely
trilineate, with two carintie between the lines, bituberculate at the base,
the sides are rounded before the middle and straight, converging to-
wards the base behind. The elytra are convex, punctured, longitudi-
nally impressed at the base in the place of a dorsal stria. The first
dorsal abdominal segment is larger than the following one, and trans-
versely impressed at the base, in the middle and on each side. The
posterior tibiae are not armed.

1865.] . 259

A single specimen was found by me in Northern Illinois. It could
be taken for a •' riprarius," but the present species is much more slen-
der, the last joint of the antennae is not as long, and the tibise are not
armed with a spine.

12. Tychus bythinioides, n. sp. — Piceus, tonientosus, cajjite bifoveato, foveis
sulco angulatiiu eonjuuctu.s, aiiteiinis articulo prinio longo cj'lindrico, seeiindo
globoso iiiagno, iiitermodiis minimis, Svo 9no tranversis, ultimo maximo ovato;
palpis articulo 3tio globoso, ultimis securiformi, thorace compaiiulato, sulco trans-
verso basali, elytris punetatis, pedibus testaceis. Long 1.1 m. m.

Thi.s remarkable insect furnishes the connecting!: link between the
Pselaphi and the Bryaxis. The form of the head and body forces it
in the first division; the form of the palpi, antennae, and the thoracical
sulcus, are borrowed from the genus " Bythinus." Even the head is
touched by a resemblance of the Bryaxes by having two small grooves
on the vertex between the eyes, with furrows running forward to the
fro ital notch, which divides the antenna! tubercles. The antennae
h ive the first joint very long, cylindrical, the second globular, the fol-
lowing six joints are small, globular, all conjointed as long as the first
two, the ninth and tenth are transverse, broad, the last ovate, as long
as the first and as broad as the tenth. The thorax is bell-shaped, with
a basal, arcuate, transverse sulcus. The elytra are punctured, de-
pressed, tomentose, with entire sutural striae, and two basal impressions
in the place of the dorsal strife, which are wanting. The abdomen is
short tomentose, margined ; the tarsi have one claw.

A single specimen was found near New York city. It joins, in affi-
nity, respecting the fo;-m of the autenna3, next to Bjthuius carinatus
nobis.

13. Trimium impunctatum. n. sp.— Fuscum, Iseve, pubescens, capite foveis ob-
lougis duabus, vertice convexo, thorace ovato, foveis lateralibus minus Impressis
elytris convexiusculus, lateribus arcuatus, latitudiue longiore palpis articulo
tertio globoso, ultimo minore ovato, ad basin truncate. Long 1.3 in. m.

The stature of this insect is quite a peculiar one. The elongate
form of the body is marked by a very narrow waist and neck. The
head is longer than broad, with two ample oblong grooves in the place
of the lateral sulcus. The antennae are shorter than the head and tho-
rax conjointed, the first joint is long, obconical, the second very short,
broader than the following, the adjoining six joints are very small,
transverse, the ninth and tenth are gradually broader, lenticular, tran.s-
verse, the last is very large ovate. The maxillary palpi are small, the
third joint larger than the last, which is truncate at the base. The
thorax is oblong convex, the sides equally curved, constricted at the
the base and tip, widest in the middle, with three impressions in the

2G0 [December

angles of the double arcuate, transverse sulcus. The elytra are high-
shouldered, convex, the sides arcuate, with the dorsal striae abbreviated
near the middle. The abdomen is at the base narrower than the elytra
:ind half as Ions; a";aiii.

The specimen described is in possession of Mr. H. Ulke.

14. Euplectus crinitus, n. sp. — Rufo-piceus, dense piibesceiis, punctulatui?, ca-
jiite late bifuveato, oceipite emarginato. thorace punctulato ad basin foveis tribus,
aulco ciinjiinctis, elytris depressis. strio dorsalibus nullis. Long 1.4 m. m.

The head is nearly as broad as the thorax, bifoveate between the eyes,
the grooves with a very short obsolete sulcus running forward. The
antennoe ai-e as long as the head and thorax conjointed, and of the usual
form of this genus. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is long, ovate,
acuminate. The thorax is longer than broad, rounded, densely punc-
tured, pubescent, with three basal grooves, connected by an arcuate
sulcus, branching out forward from the lateral grooves. The elytra are
, rectangular, longer than wide, half as broad again as the thorax, densely
punctured and pubescent, with very little impressed basal grooves in
the place of the faintly indicated dorsal stria;, and small punctures be-
tween it and the basal end of the sutural entire stride. The last two
segments of the abdomen are longer than the preceding segments.
It inhabits the Northern States.

nsro te:_

BY B E N .T . D . WALSH.

I find that I had no good and sufficient ground for asserting on page
108 that Baron Osten Sacken maintains the doctrine "that, under no
circumstances, is it allowable to change a single letter in a published
name, unless that name be preoccupied." I therefore beg leave to
withdraw that assertion.

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. V.

Plate III.

P^.-^T^

tSte^

1. Hsemorrhagia gracilis, Q. & B. % . 3. Philampelus Linnei, G. & R. ^ .

2. Hsemorrhagia gracilis, reverse. 4. Philampelus lycaon, CraTner sp. 9 .

5. Syzigia afflicta, G. d: Ii.%.

1

!

Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. V.

Plate IV.

1. Cytorus latus, Grote, % .

2. Crocota heros, Grote, 9 •

3. Robinsonia formula, Orott, % .

4. Ecpantheria albicornie, Grote, 9

5. Euhalisidota luxa, Grote, 9 •

6. Perophora Packardii, Grote, 9 •

7. Heterocampa cubana, Grote, 9'

8. Carathis gortynoides, Grote, % ■

i

I

!CHd:h:x.

The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of

the Author.

rA(;K I r.vnK

Adranes LePontei, Brendc! 255 |Bytliinus zona,tus, Br endel 28

Aell<iiios Sisyphu-; 42 !CaIlidum antennatum 206

Tantalus 42, 150, 17fi | ianthinum 206

Titan 41, 150 ICallimosema, Clemens 141

Ambulyx Gaiiaseus (i4, 159 scintillanii, C/emens... 142

strigilis 64, 159 Calliomma Lycastus 48, 158

Ammalo impunctus, Grofe 236

Amphion nessus 151, 176

Aiiiphonyx 65

Antffius 6f), Ifil

cluentius 162

l>u])onche] 6", 161

Arctonotus lueidus 169

Arhopalus pietus 204

robin ife 204

Batrachedra 142

salicipo2nonella,fyc»(e«.9 14.3

Batrisus aculeatus 258

crista tus 258

juvencus, Brendcl 258

striatu.s 258

Bombycida; of Cuba. Xotes on the,

by Aug. R. Grote 227

Bryaxis 29

abdominal is 256

cavicornis, Brendcl 30

clavata, Brendel 256

congener, Brendcl 257

conjunct a 256

dentata 256

floridana, Brendcl 256, 257

Illinoieusis, Brendcl 256, 257

inornata. Brendcl 25S

miuuta, Brendel 30

seabra. Brendcl 29

velutiua 256

Bucculatrix trifasciella, Clemens 147

Bythinus 28

cariuatus, Brendel 29

Caratliis, Grote 253

gortynoides, Grote 253

Cautethia noetuiformis 168

Ceratinia Daeta 222

Lycaste 218

Ceratomia auiyntor 164, 190

repentinus 39

Cerceris 112

bicornuta 117

bidentata 130

bilunata 123

biungulata, Cresson 118

Blakei, Cresson. 121

call forn ica, Cresson 128

clypeata 114

compacta, Cresson 127

compar, Cresson. 126

cubensis, Cresson. 123

dentifrons, Cresson 124

deserta 125

Dufourii 131

elegans 131

festiva 123

fi u i ti ma, Cresson 122

flavocostalis 123

frontata 129

fulvipes, Cresson 126

fumipennis 113

imitator, Cresson 125

insolita, Cresson 129

Kennicottii, Cresson 128

laevigata 132

nigrescens 123

264

Index.

Txr.F.
PhilamiJelus Linnei, (?.(fi?.157, 179, 182

Lycaon 60, 157,183

strenuus fiO, 157

vitis 58, 83, 15(i, 179, 181

riiilanthidfficf North America. Mo-
nograph of the, by E. T. f'rcsson... 86

Phihiiithus 85

albifrons, Cresson 101

albopilosus, Cresson 91

barbatus 103

bilunatus, Cresson 97

i:ra lire mi for mis 104

(Uibius, Cresson '. 9(i

fl a V j f r o n s , Cresson 102

frigidus 87

frontalis, Cresson 99

gloriosus. Cresson 8(5

laticinctus, Cresson 81

lejiidus, Cresson 92

politus 9 J

pulchellus, Cresson 93

jiunctatus 100

Sanboruii, Cresson 89

siniillimus, Cresson 95

soli vagus 103

ventilabris 98

rhryiie iinraaeulata, Groie 246

riutj'samia, Groie 228

californica, Grote 229

eeeropia 229

Columbia 229

Proserpinus gaurte 151, 177

Pselaphidre. On some new species

of, by Emi] Brendel, M. D 28

Psehiphidse. New species and cor-
rections in the family, by Emil

Brendel, M. I) 255

Pseudosphinx Tetrio 64, 161

Psyehouoctua, Grote 249

personalis, Grote 251

Robinson ia, Grote 241

formula, Grote 241

Samia 228

Sericoris 133

concinnana, Clemens 134

coruscana 134

fascia tana 134

fcedana, Clemens 134, 135

gratiosana, Clemens 134

Pa OK

Sericoris instrutana, Clemens 134, 135

i noma tana 134

mutibilana, Clemens 133, 135

nitidana 133

permundana 134

versicolorana 134, 136

Sesia 172

Sideria? nubilana, Clemens 140

Smerinthus gemiiiatus 160, 185

modestus 161, 185

jiavoninus 160, 185

Smicrotes virescana, Clemens 140

Spliingicampa distigma 203

Sjihingidas. Notes on Cuban, by A.

R. Grote ' 33

S])]iingida3. A Synonymieal Cata-
logue of North American, with
Notes and Descriptions, by Grote

it Robinson 140

S2)hinx (57

afHicta, Groie 71

Brontes 69

Carolina og

chersis 1()5, 190

ch i ron 1 <J2

cingulata 69

J a p i X 192

jasminearum 165

Kalmire 165

rustica 68

Scyron 193

Spilosoma jussisefe 238

Steganoptycha crispata, Clemens 137

flavocellana, Clemens

137, 138

Ochreana 137

variana 137

Stigmonota interstinctana 133

tristrigana, Clemens 133

Syzygia. G. <f- 7? 189

afiflicta 164

Tortrix? fumiferana. Clemens 139

incertana, Clemens 138

lutosana, Clemens 138

Trimium impunctatum. Brendel 259

Tychus bythinioides, Brendel 259

I Utethesia bella 234

IXanthosetia albicomana, Clemens....\Z7
Xyleutes I'iger, Grote 254

A

MEMOIR

«

OF

THOMAS BELLERBY WILSON, M. D.,

PREPARED IN PURSUANCE OF A RESOLUTION OF

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

PHILADELPHIA,

:biz- j^. Gon^nvciTTEE.

PUBLISHED BY

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
At their Hall, 518 South Thirteenth St.

1865.

Proceedings of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA, at a
Special Meeting, March 16, 1865.
The following Preamble and Eesolutions were unanimously adopted : —

IVhereas, In the providence of God, we are called upon to mourn the loss of
one of our most valued members, therefore

Resolved, That this Society has heard with unfeigned and deep sorrow the
loss it has sustained by the death of our late fellow membei-, Dr. Thomas B.
Wilson, one of the earliest and most devoted members of this Institution.

Resolved, That as from the very commencement of this Society, it has had
his firm and unwavering support, by contributing most liberally to its Library
and Cabinet, and by large endowments in money ; therefore, the members of
this Society individually feel that they have lost a warm friend, one whose
advice and sympathy were always honestly given for the best interests of the
Society ; and that through the whole period of its existence, the Society has
felt the beneficial influence of his personal worth, and of his sound and discri-
minating judgment.

Resolved, That the members of this Society deeply sympathise with the rela-
tives and friends of the deceased in the bereavement they have sustained in
the death of our lamented friend.

Resolved, That a copy of these Resolutions, signed by the President of this
Society, be communicated to the family of the deceased, with our heartfelt
condolence.

On motion, it was also further
Resolved, That a Committee of three be appointed to draw up for publication
in the " Proceedings" of this Society, a Memoir setting forth, in an appropriate
manner, the labors and endowments of Dr. Thomas B. Wilson in the Entomo-
loEfical Society of Philadelphia.

Committee— 7 Tof. JACOB ENNIS,

JAS. H. B. BLAND,
J. FRANK KNIGHT.

nvnEnvLoii^.

Wheu a mail has made himself a beneFactor of the human family
by devotiuj; his life and a large furtune to the promotion of science,
gratitude demands that we perpetuate his memory, and uphold his
example for the advancement of those sciences for which he lived.
Therefore we form this memoir to commemorate the life and character
of (»ur late associate Thomas Bellerby Wilson. His father was
Edward Wilson, and his mother was Elizabeth Bellerby, both born in
England, but they came to America previous to 1800, and were mar-
ried in 1802. They settled in Philadelphia, where their third child.
Thomas, was born January 17th, 1807.

As every fact in the life of such a man is invested with a charm and
an enduring interest, his schoolboy days should here be mentioned.
During the years 1818 and 1819 he attended a Friends' School, on
the east .side of Fourth street, below Chestnut, taught b}^ Thomas
Dugdale, where, among other things, he studied Latin. In 1820 his
father made the voyage to England, and he took Thomas along and
placed him at a school in Darlington. Durham County, in the north of
England. He remained in this school the most of his time during
two years — a period sufficiently long, at his age, to receive very many
and vivid impressions of the land of his forefathers. These he must
have recalled often during the remaining portion of his life, and they
doubtless aided in attracting him so frequently across the Atlantic.

He returned to America in the spring of 1822, being then in his
sixteenth year. His di.sjposition to engage in practical scientific pur-
^>uits now begins to shape the course of his life. Instead of again en-
tering school on his returning to his native city, he became an appren-
tice to the study and practice of Pharmacy in the establishment of
the late 3Ir. Frederick Brown in Chestnut street, on the north-ea.st
corner of Fifth street. Althoutih he wa.s the son of a gentleman of
fortune, and had anticipations of an ample pecuniary inheritance, yet
we behold him in this unpretending employment sober, industrious,
persevering and contented. His happiness was complete, for he had

daily opportunities of gainins; a knowledge of the wonders of the phy-
sical universe. To a cotemporary observer, or to a narrator of facts in
after times, he might be regarded simply as an apprentice in an apothe-
cary store ; but in reality, this was a university education for him.
Here he could learn the forces which dwell everywhere in the organic
world. Every article in the store, every mineral he handled, every
common stone in the street, was seen by him to be filled with wonders,
and to possess a long history through which it had passed in the in-
conceivable ages gone by. This was the most decisive period in his
life. Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Minerology and Greology un-
folded to him their treasures, and allured him with prospects of an
indefinite career of knowledge. He persevered six years in these pur-
suits not knowing whither they .would lead; but it was enough for
him to know that he was progressing rapidly in the knowledge of the
great creation around him. At the end of that time it was decided
that he should give up forever all thoughts of being employed in the
peculiar duties of pharmacy, and that he should enter on a more ex-
tended sphere of contemplation. Geology at that time, 1828, was
awakening a deep interest in America, and he made preparations for his
first geological tour. In the autumn of that year, in company with
two or three young friends, he set out on an excursion for geological
investigations through the coal regions of Pennsylvania. Their mode
of travelling was on hoi'seback, and their route lay up the Delaware
river to the Lehigh; up the Lehigh and through the coal and moun-
tain regions on its head waters; thence across the dividing watershed
to the basin of the Susquehanna ; through the Wyoming valley and its
adjacent coal fields; then down the Susquehanna to its junction with
the West Branch at Northumberland and Sunbury; thence eastwardly
again across the dividing watershed to the head branches of the Schuyl-
kill; then through the Schuylkill coal region; and finally down that
river to its mouth at Philadelphia. As geology was then a new sci-
ence in America, this pioneer exploration of these young men was
highly creditable. Henceforward the geological history of our globe
was never to be absent from the mind of Wilson. He saw its deep
significance, and how all the natural sciences, organic and inorganic,
must be made tributary in order to understand the long process by
which our world has become what it is. He was now to decide what
course to adopt with a view of laying still more thoroughly and broadly
the foundation of his future scientific course. Accordingly, in the
autumn of the same year he entered the University of Pennsylvania as

a medical student, and was fortunate in having the very eminent Dr.
I'hysic as his private preceptor in the medical profession. Already
the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania had at-
tained pre-eminence among the institutions of the United States, and
his opportunities for acquiring knowledge were of a very high order.
He graduated in the spring of 1880, but his thirst for information in
the structure of the great world around him, impelled him to enter on
a still wider course of study. Europe was then far more advanced
than America in the sciences, and he determined to avail himself of
whatever advantages he could enjoy beyond the Atlantic. He accord-
ingly embarked, and arrived in Paris ten days before the Revolution
of July, 1830. He there listened to the lectures of Cuvier and other
Professors who gave the Univei'sijiy of Paris its celebrity. He was a
freqiiont visitor to the Jardin des Plantes, and besides his medical
studies he paid much attention to Botany, Zoology and Geology. The
next summer, after his arrival in Europe, he made a tour on foot to
form a practical acquaintance with the natural history of that part of
the world. He was accompanied by a young friend and fellow-student.
Dr. Caspar Pinnock of the vicinity of Philadelphia, and with their
knapsacks on their backs and their geological hammers in their hands,
they travelled extensively through France and Switzerland. During
the period of his residence in Europe he also visited England and Ire-
land, and attended a course of medical lectures in Dublin. After
remaining two years beyond the Atlantic, he returned again to his
native city, Philadelphia.

We now behold him fairly furnished by a variety of studies for a
life of scientific usefulness. His apprenticeship in pharmacy had
yielded its fruits of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, and Minerology.
His attendance on the lectures of the Universities in Philadelphia, Paris,
and Dublin, are now over, and they have given him grand and glorious
views of the Material Universe. His geological tours in America and
Europe have made him practically acquainted with the sti'ucture of
our planet. Henceforth, independently of Schools and Universities, he
pursues his way deeply and more deejtly in the mysteries of creation.

He was qualified, and had received his diplomas, for the practice of
medicine, but, except as a matter of benevolence, his medical practice
was neglected for scientific investi^-ation. The Asiatic cholera had
raged in Europe while he was there, and he had thoroughly and prac-
tically studied its mode of treatment ; and as that epidemic reached
America in the same season of his own arrival, his services as a physi-

White Mountains, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Trenton Falls, Nia-
gara Falls, the Natural Bridge in Virginia, and the Mammoth Cave in
Kentucky. In the Canadas it is known that he travelled as far as the
Sagnenay River.

Besides the two voyages across the Atlantic, already described, he
afterwards made three visits to Europe. One was undertaken in the
spring of 1842, in company with his brother Charles. He then tra-
velled through England, France. Switzerland and Italy, and returned
to America only a short time before the death of his father, which
event occurred in December, 1843. He went to England again in
1844, accompanied by his brother William, who describes his activity
in visiting various mineral localities and points of geological interest
in that country. He also at that time made large purchases of mineralo-
gical specimens and of fossil remains. His last voyage across the Atlan-
tic was in 1851, when he attended the great international exhibition in
England. He then also visited Belgium, Holland, Germany, and
France, staying a month in Paris with his brother William, who for
several years made his home in the capital of France.

Previous to these last three voyages to Europe he had changed his
residence in America. In the spring of 1841 he removed with his
brother Rathmell from New London, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, to near
Newark, Delaware. But while he resided both at New London and at
Newark, he kept a house or suite of rooms in Philadelphia, which latter
city he generally visited for a few days every week, and during some
periods, indeed, he spent continuously more time in the city than in the
country.

Although Dr. Wilson travelled so frequently and so f;ir, it is very
characteristic of him that we know so little of his travels. Indeed,
the most of his acquaintances never knew that he travelled at all. He
invariably, on all occasions, refrained from speaking of himself, or of
what he had done. Probably no one ever fulfilled more strictly than
himself the rule, '' Let not the left hand know what thy right hand
doeth." His fiivorite motto through life was •' lies non Verba." He
made no record of his journeys, and .even his own immediate family
can simply state that they were frequent and performed in the most
simple and unostentious manner. His object wherever he went was
to ob.serve — to obtain larger and deeper views of the great world in
which we live; and beyond this all else was of minor value. But
while we are able to give no nan-atives of his voyages and travels, we
can contemplate with the highest admiration the rich fruits which his

far-extended observations yielded These fruits consist in his strong
and deep convictions of the paramount importance of the Natural Sci-
ences. In his favorite Geology he saw the history of the creation of
our globe, and the history of its endowment with millions of species
of plants and animals. Around this science he saw all the sciences
clustering, and each one revealing its own peculiar part in the forma-
tion ot our planet. With his enlarged views he loved to look back
through the inconceivable ages — the millions of years — that are past,
and to contemplate- the doings of a wise and benevolent Creator. He
saw that for the moral and intellectual welfare of the human fiimily,
nothing was more important than to be blessed with the grand and
elevated views of the proceedings of the Eternal. Therefore he devoted
all his talents, all his time, and all his pecuniary income to the promo-
tion of Science. And therefore he was unwearied and unsparing in
founding Scientific Institutions, in collecting Scientific Libraries, and
objects of Natural History. In these institutions, in these museums,
and in these libraries, he had the happiness of beholding many scien-
tific men at work night and day exploring the hidden things of Grod,
and evei-y year — indeed every month — announcing new truths to the
world. The number of young men especially who devoted themselves
to scientific labors in the institutions founded by him, is remarkable.
And through them and through others yet to rise up, his influence
will be felt in coming time beyond any definite period we can fix. As
far as we can see, speaking deliberately and calmly, his influence will
tell upon the destinies of man forever. Such is the exalted attribute
of great benevolent sacrifices. " Yield ye yourselves living sacrifices
to God" is an ancient precept ; and Thomas Bellerby Wilson, devoting
himself with his whole heart, is a beautiful modern example. Beau-
tiful because of his modesty, his unostentatious (juietness, and his con-
stant, daily devotion to the work of benevolence, apparently insensible
that he was so devoted.

The principal institutions established by Dr. Wilson were the Aca-
demy of Natural Sciences, and the Entomological Society of Phila-
delphia. The former of these was founded in 1812 by a few men of
very moderate means, but with a high appreciation of the value of
scientific truth. But it owes its building, its scientific library, and its
magnificent collection of objects of Natural History chiefly to two indi-
viduals, William Maclure and Thomas B. Wilson. It is noteworthy
how many points of resemblance there were between these two cha-
racters. Both made geology their favorite study; both travelled ex-

8

tensively on both sides of the Athmtic; both devoted all their time and
large pecuniary fortunes to the welfare of the human family; both
made the advancement of science the chief subject of their conversa-
tion, and the constant employment of their thoughts; and both lived
unmarried lives.

Chiefly under the auspices of ^laclure the Academy in 1817 com-
menced a publication of its new discoveries, called the Journal. It
was in octavo form and its continuation in later years has been called
the Proceedings. A considerable portion of the firsfvolume was printed
in an apartment in his own house, and with types and a printing press
furnished by himself. Chiefly through the influence of Dr. Wilson
the Academy commenced, in 1847. in addition to the Proceedings,
another publication also called the Journal, but in folio size, and in
handsome form. This has been regularly sustained.

Maclure, at difibrent periods before his death in 1839, presented to
the Library of the Academy 5,232 volumes. About a thou.sand of
these were folios and quartos, many being very rare and costly. •• The
value of these acquisitions was greatly enhanced by the fact that they
were possessed by no other institution on this side of the Atlantic."
At that date the entire number of volumes in the library was less than
7,000. The whole number of donations to the library by Dr. Wilson,
as recorded on the library books, is more than 12,000. But as some
of these are pamphlets, or rather separate series, deliveries of the same
volume, the number of entire volumes when bound may be about
11,000. The donations to the same library by his brother Edward
Wilson have been 3,662. The number of volumes in the Library is
about 25,000, showing that it is chiefly the gift of Maclure and the
brothers Wilson. But the number of volumes gives only a faint idea
of the value of the gift; generally the volumes are rare, richly orna-
mented with plates and very costly.

Maclure in 1837 and 18o8 gave $20,000 for the erection of the pre-
sent building of the Academy, which was completed early in 1840.
He had previously contributed at a single donation $5,(IU0 for liqui-
dating a debt on the old building first occupied by the Academy in
1820, on the south-east corner of Sansom and Twelfth streets. One
of the motives which led him to the erection of a new building was
that the very valuable collection of books presented by him, might be
preserved in a fire-proof edifice. Actuated by a similar motive, the
necessity of space to hold his own vast donations to the Museum and
Library, Dr. Wilson enlarged the building to more than double its for-

luer size, and doubtless he would have made it still larger had the
•iTOunds been more extensive. The first enlargement was in 1847.
when the house was extended 30 feet westward, and the second was in
1853, when the entire structure so extended was elevated 24 feet. His
expenditures in the.se improvements we do not fully know; one of his
donations was ^10,000 for the payment of a mortgage, another was
S7.000 for building the glass cases and which noAV first becomes known
and only by accident, another was $3,700 on a subseribtion list to
which ninety other' gentlemen contributed 88,525, among whom was
his brother W. 8. Wilson who gave S500. Dr. Wilson's gifts for
building the Academy must have been quite equal to Maclure's,
namely 825,000, and how much more we do not know.

While the building and the library are mainly the donations of
^laclure and the brothers Wilson, the fact stands out still more promi-
mently that the Museum of the Academy is mainly the donation of
Dr. Wilson, considerably assisted by his brother Edward Wilson. This
is illustrated, for instance, by the ornithological department. His col-
lections of birds had long been deposited in the Museum for the use of
the members, but the formal presentation did not take place until
March 20th, 1860. This was done through a letter written by himself to
the Academy. The remarks on that occasion by Mr. John Cassin, the
eminent ornithologist, show the extent of the collections, and in what
various ways they were made. The remarks were as follows : " This
donation by Dr. Wilson has been accumulated from various sources, since
1845, with great judgement, and with con.stant and unremitted exertions
on his part and also on the part of his brother, Mr. Edward Wilson,
long re.sident in Europe. The latter named gentleman has most ably
and successfully seconded his brother in the gi'eatest enterprises ever
entered upon in America, having for their object the promotion of the
Zoological Sciences, and general Natural History. The results mainly
have been, at this period, the formation of the library of this Academy
and its collections in all departments, but especially in Minerology.
Palaeontology, Conchology, Crustacea, Ichthyology, and Ornithology.

'• The very extensive and comprehensive series now presented, with
the comparatively small collection previously owned by the Academy,
comprise one of the most complete Ornithological Museums extant. It
is. in fact, one of the four great collection of birds in the world, and.
so far as can be ascertained from published catalogues, is fairly entitled
to be considered as presenting facilities for study in this favorite branch
of Natural History, equal to those of any other Institution.

• 10

" Mainly, the collection of Dr. Wilson was based on that of G-eneral
Massena, Duke of Rivoli, and his son, M. Victoi- Massena, Prince
D'Essling, which was regarded as the finest private collection in VjU-
rope. This was acquired by purchase in 1846, and brought to this
country. Various other valuable and more or less extensive collections
have been added since that period, including ^Ir. Gould's Australian
birds, which are the types of his great work, " The Birds of Austra-
lia." and embracing all the species then known, except five only. An-
other important collection, mainly Parrots. Humming Birds, and Tana-
gers, was that of M. Boureier. a distinguished French Ornithologist,
and quite equally so was a collection made in the interior countries of
India, by Capt. Boys, of the East India Company's service. Very
important, too. are the collections from the Leyden Museum, through
the influence of the eminent Naturalists now or lately attached to that
Institution, particularly the celebrated Temminck. and many others
obtained in Europe through the faithful and judicious exertions of
Mr. Edward Wilson for the interests of this Academy.

■' Numerous other smaller additions have been made, whenever op-
portunity presented in this country, by Dr. Wilson, and also have been
derived from European Naturalists by exchange and purchase, to the
extent .of several thousand specimens. Messrs. Verreaux. the well-
known commercial naturalists and ornithologists of Paris, have been
of exceeding service, and but little less so has been Mr. John Gr. Bell.
of New York, the principal commercial naturalist in this country, whose
high interest in the prosperity of* the Academy and scientific know-
ledge, has never failed to be exerted and always has been of great
value to the extension of the Collection. .Mr. John Krider, Mr. Wm.
8. Wood and James Taylor, of this city, have also furnished to Dr.
Wilson many valuable specimens, and all of these gentlemen have in-
variably shown the utmost cheerfulness and liberality in their businety*
with the Museum of the Academy.

" The collection of Dr. Wilson now presented has been derived from
the following sources, and includes specimens nearly as here enumerated :

Rivoli Collection, first purchase 12.(i00 specimens.

'* •' second purchase 2.500 "

Mr. Gould's Australian Collection 2,000 •'

M. Bourcier's Collection 1,000

Capt. Boy's Collection 1,000

Mr. Kihvai'd Wilson's Collection in Europe, including coilec-

ti(^ns from tlie Leyden and Britisli Mu.seuias 4..tOO ''

])i-. Thomas B. Wilson's Collections in Europe 1.000 "

in United States l.jOO

Total now presented to tiie Academy 2(),000 specimen.s.

11

'• It may 1 e of interest to add, that the collection previously owned by
the Academy comprises about 3,U0t> specimens, including a very supe-
rior North American scries derived from nearly all ornithologists in
the United States, who have invariably shown the greatest interest iu
the formation of the large collection of this Academy. Tlie aggregate
number of specimens i.rhihitcd and now belonging to the Academy is
therefore about 2(1, (J<H) birds." Besides this number. Dr. Wilson at
that time presented 2.0(J0 unniounted skins, and since then the acqui-
sitions i'rom all sources have amounted to about 1,000 mounted speci-
mens, making the sum of about 32,000 in the Academy's Museum.

This more than royal gift Ur. Wilson presented in a letter as modest
«nd unpretending as though it had been a gratuity of about five dollars.
The letter is as follows :

Philadeiphia. March 2n. 1860.

I)kah Doctok — I ciiclose you a ruomoranclum by which you will please pre-
sent to the Academy my entire collection of birds now in the Academy. In
addition to the 25.000 mounted specimens there are about ;5,000 mounted speci-
mens in the cases, which are the property of the Academy; the entire number
in llie cases being about 28,000 specimens.

The donation docs not include the specimens collected by Mr. Duchaillu in
his hist excursion to Africa, as these will have to lie presented jointly by the
subscribers to the fund. When the difficulty with Mr. Duchaillu is settled,
and tln> other subscribers are ready to make the donation, you are authorized
to include my name in the list of donors, without ajiy further notice.

As I have been twice poisoned witli arsenic during the past winter, I have

concluded to give up all branches of Natural History which expose me to its

influence. I shall not again open the cases of birds at the Academy, and shall

be glad if you can find some member to take my place on the Ornithological

committee: if you can, you are authorized to offer my resignation from the

committee to the Academy. Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. WILSON.
To Dr. Lf-ipy, Curator of A. N. S.

P. S. — Having no further use for the keys, I enclose them; the larger one
belongs to the cases of mounted birds, the smaller one to the duplicate cases in
the lower room and to the oological cases in the Entomological room,

T. B. W.
To convey so great a gift in a letter so simple and short is sublime.
The style is in keeping with the character of the man, artless, sincere
and open. There is something solemn in his delivery of the keys and
his announcement •• I shall never again open the cases at the Acade-
my." Jle had spent many happy hours in contemplating and arransr-
ing rliose feathered forms. For fourteen years he liad been gatherini;
them from every quarter of the land and of the sea. They formed now
one of the four great collections in the world. He must have long
looked upon them with gratification, and now he bids them adieu.

12

He goes to another labor, another field of usefulness equally wide, ano-
ther source of happiness equally as elevating. And he was not disap-
pointed. It must ever be to us all a matter of thankfulness that he
lived to behold another rich collection of his own making around him
here in the Entomological Society.

After the reading of Dr. Wilson's letter accompanying this magnifi-
cent donation an interesting debate occurred. A member arose and
ofiered a resolution that a committee be appointed to draft resolutions
expressive of the views and feelings of the Academy in relation to Dr.
Wilson's great ornithological gift. This was at once opposed by several
members who represented how exceedingly painful any such resolu-
tions would be to Dr. Wilson. One of them related an occurrence
which took place several years ago when Dr. Wilson had happened to
become acquainted with some similar design which the Academy then
had in contemplation. He went immediately to one of the prominent
members and, with deep emotional earnestness, said he hoped they
would immediately stop any such proceedings, for if they did not he
would be compelled to stop his donations. To have public resolutions
of thanks passed in his favor was too much for his peculiarly modest
and retiring disposition. Of course the proceedings were at once
quashed, and in like manner the resolution on the donation of the
birds was withdrawn.

Xo attempt can here be made to describe fully the other gifts of Dr.
Wilson to the Museum. That would require a large volume. The de-
partment of Conchology numbers more than 13,000 species, and more
than five times that number of specimens. It is the largest cabinet of
shells in America, and to this his contributions were on his usual liberal
scale. The crustaceans form a most striking display, and as we view
them we are disposed to ask how they could be collected from all around
the globe. The radiata, consisting of echinoderms and corals, in all the
strangeness of these low forms of life, present a vast and instructive
field of study. The fishes and the reptiles amaze the beholder by the
multiplicity of their shapes, their adaptations to all imaginable condi-
tions, and the astonishing number of their species. But the depart-
ment enriched by Dr. Wilson preeminently next to Ornithology, is
that of Geology, consisting of rare, beautiful and costly minerals, and
tne fossil remains of plants and animals. Every visitor to the Museum
is astonished by the perfectly preserved specimens of ichtheosauri and
pleseosauri. Millions of years have rolled away since they played in
the ocean, and here we think we see their bones fresh from a recent

13

burial. Here is a resurrection exhibiting the inhabitants of our planet
as it circulated around the sun millions of years ago, and presented
them every twenty-four hours to the warm rays of his light. We seem
to be translated to another world, but it is only a translation to the
former eras of this world. No wonder that Dr. Wilson said, " The sci-
ence above all others in which I am most interested, is geology.''
When we are looking at the remains of these denizens of our planet
which enjoyed the blessings of life through the long procession of mill-
ions of years, it is then and then only that we can begin to understand
what is meant by the words Creation and Creator ! Nor can we under-
stand these dead bones until we understand the living. It is only by
the study of living beings that we can study and comprehend the dead.
Therefore to appreciate these fossil remains, and comprehend the monu-
ments which God has erected in different periods of the past for our
instruction, we must have a museum of living things. We must com-
pare them all together; we must study the grand and comprehensive
system of organic life ; for all living things, whether of the present or
of the past, are connected in intimate relationships. Nothing stands
alone. And living beings which now seem to stand alone, we see to
be connected with the entire family by the discovery of their dead
near relations in the rocks, which form connecting links to complete
the chain. Not only arc we unable to form any just ideas of the words
Creation and Creator without the fossil I'emains of the past, but we are
equally unable to form an idea of the creation of living beings without
a Museum. It is only when we stand amid Wilson's collection of
birds that we can have an idea of creative power and creative wisdom
and creative goodness in that single department of creation. And so
of the fishes, the reptiles, the constaceans, the plants, the minerals and
every other department. Here in this Museum of 50,00U insects, the
rich treasure of the Entomological Society, can we only begin to un-
derstand the doings of the Eternal One in the work of creating these
diminutive creatures. Let no one wonder that Dr. Wilson spent so
much money and so much of his life in the establishment of the Aca-
demy of the Natural Sciences, and in founding this Entomological
Society. The real wonder is that so few men of wealth do the same.
How can life, or how can wealth have nobler objects ?

Dr. Wilson's labors and pecuniary sacrifices in founding the Entomo-
logical Society of Philadelphia, began with its very beginning. On
February 14th, 1859, Messrs. James Ridings, George Newman, and
Ezra T. Cresson, at the house of the latter gentleman, then in Erie

14

street, No. 728, proposed among themselves to form an Entomological
.Society, and to invite to the hou.se on the 22nd of the same month,
such of their acquaintances as would likely become members. Fifteen
persons attended, namely, Dr. Thomas B. Wilson, T. B. Ashton. Jas.
Ridings, George Newman, J. W. McAllister. George Hill, John Pear-
sail. Robert Jack, Charles Wilt. Louis Schneider. William Wolter,.
Henry Feldman, Thomas Cox, J. H. B. Bland, and E. T. Cresson.
This may be regarded as the first meeting of the Society, and since
then its meetings have been regular. It has been related by one of
the members then present, that he scarcely observed an individual who
sat rather retired at one side of the room, and who made only one or
two short observations during the whole evening. After the meeting
was over he was surprised to learn that this quiet individual Wcis Dr.
Thomas B. Wilson. This conduct was very characteristic of that re-
markable man. He not merely indulged his unostentatious and retir-
ing disposition, but doubtless he listened attentively and studied weil
the materials which were to compose the new organization. The
Society continued to meet bi-monthly, at the private houses of its
members until July loth, on which evening the meeting was held at
Druid's Hall, on the south-east corner of Market and Thirteenth streets.
and where the meetings were continued about six months. The objects
of the meetings were the exhibition of specimens^ the improvement of
the members in entomological knowledge by conversation, and also the
formation of private collections. No library and no museum for the
Society were yet resolved on. It was at length determined, chiefly
through the influence of Dr. Wilson, to collect a library of books on
Entomology, and a museum of insects, and Mr. Charles Wilt, one of
the members, very generously oflered to the Society, free of charge, a
suitable room for their accommodation, and also for the meetings. This
room was in his own house. No. 1310 South street, and the first meet-
ing was held there January 9th. 1860. This was an important event
for the new Institution, for now it had a permanent seat. Exertions
were made to furnish the room, and to procure cabinets for the books
and insects. The work of collecting entomological specimens now
began. Each member was emulous to contribute as largely as possible
to the common stock. Dr. Wilson had not attended the meetins:.*
while the Society contemplated no permanent establishment, but now.
seeing a permanence setnired and .suitable resolutions adopted, he en-
tered at once with all his devotion into the labors of the Society, and
contributed most liberally towards all its objects. Henceforth there

15

was uo lack of tund^^, and all was eiicourageuient ami activity. [)r.
Wilson was one day rallied by a f'riond that many of his uew associates
were engaged in mechanieal piusuits. "Yes," he replied, "but they
are gentleni.mly in temper and deportment, and they can collect a great
many insects." Soon it was discovered that they had found new insects
never yet described. Dr. Wilson's plan was, that they should be suita-
bly described by one (»f the members, and the paper presented to the
Academy of Natural Sciences for publication in their Proceedings in the
usual form. This he thought could easily be done, as the author of the
pa}»er was a member of both Societies. By adopting this plan the En-
tomological Society would be saved the expense in its infancy of estab-
lishing a periodical of its own, and the Academy would have the credit
of introducing the discoveries to the scientific world. But unexpectedly
a powerful opposition to the paper was made in the Academy. The com-
mittee to which it had been referred could not agree to its publication.
An exciting debate ensued; additional members were voted on the com-
mittee who were known to be in favor of publishing the paper, and then
the matter was decided, and all opposition ceased. But contention and
strife were above all things distasteful to the disposition of Dr. Wilson,
and he determined at once never again to take this course with another
pajter. but to establish an independent publication on the part of the
Kntomological Society for its own new discoveries. These things are
mentioned as determinations by Dr. Wilson, because, after the removal
to the house of Mr. Wilt, he was the soul of the new Society, and so he
continued as long as he lived. He was cautious and judicious in his
resolutions, kind and deferential in consulting with^the other members,
and no one thought of disputing his wishes. This was from no want of
manly independence on their part; but he knew how to conciliate and
carry along his new associates, and they knew how to confide in his pru-
dence and to appreciate his generosity. As he was doing so much
more for the Society than all the members combined, they felt that his
opinions and his purposes should have great weight.

As when the Journal of the Academy was begun, the printing of
one-half of the first volume was done in .Maclure's house, with a press
and types furnished by himself, the members setting the types, so now
in the Entomological Society a new press with types, paper, and other
necessaries was jiurchased and placed in the Society's room in Mr.
Wilt's house, where the members were active and zealous in setting
the types and working the press. It is hardly necessai-y to say that
the pecuniary outlay was burne mainly by Dr. Wilson. The new peri-

16

odical, au octavo, was called the Proceedings, and the first number of
the first volume was finished in May, 1861, Dr. Wilson being Chair-
man of the Committee of Publication. As a typographical production
the Proceedings from its commencement has been above the standard
of similar periodicals; and of the comparative value of its contents as
a contribution to science it becomes us not to speak. The first volume
with 381 pages and 3 plates, was finished in February, 1863 ; the se-
cond, with 562 pages and 11 plates, in March, 1864 ; the third, with
708 pages and 6 plates, in December, 1864; and the fourth, with
506 pages and 3 plates, in June, 1865. We here see a remarkable
progression in the time required to complete a volume ; the first
reciuiring 24 months, the second 13 months, the third 9 months, and
the fourth 6 months. This is explained by the fact that these Pro-
ceeding are becoming the rallying point of all the Entomologists of
America. At first it was designed only for the Society's own papers,
composed here in Philadelphia. It soon aroused the attention of ento-
mologists in every part of the United States and the British Provinces;
and as this is the only periodical on the continent devoted exclusivelv
to Entomology, they sent their papers from every direction, to be
brought out to the world in the same vehicle, and to be associated to-
gether in a common brotherhood. They feel very strongly the pro-
priety of associating their labors, and of having the same medium for
the mutual exchange of their thoughts. This can evidently be done
only in a periodical devoted to Entomology alone, and not in publica-
tions which embrace indiscriminately a hundred other difi'erent sub-
jects. One of the great benefits of these Proceediu"'s, not thouirht of
in the beginning, is, that it arouses the entomologists of the whole con-
tinent to exertion, by affording them proper fecilities and inducements
to make known their discoveries. It is a lever which raises all North
America. But it must be supported by funds. Who will step for-
ward in the room of Dr. Wilson, and carry out his designs ? Now
that the discovery of its importance has been made, shall it die with
its founder for want of generosity ? We hope not.

In April, 1862, the Society was incorporated by the Legislature of
Pennsylvania. On August 11th, 1862, after a hospitable accommoda-
tion of two years and a half in the room of Mr. Wilt, the Society re-
moved to its present Hall, Xo. 518 South Thirteenth street. This is
a brick building, two stories high, the lower used for printing and
other offices, and the upper for the Library, the Museum, and the
meetings. It was built for the Society's use by one of its members,

17

Mr. J;iine« Kidings, and aft'orded at a moderate rent. The same gcD-
tlemaii made a successful entomological tour to the Kocky Mountain.s
in the summer of 1S64, accompanied by his son Mr. J. H. Hidings,
who is also a member. They were encouraged to this important under-
taking by Dr. Wilson, who agreed to make purchases of all new or
rare species in his collections. The members generally continued ac-
tive and animated in making collections nearer home, and Dr. Wilson
was as liberal as usual, not only in devoting all his time to this Society,
but in contributing for the purchase of specimens and for other neces-
sary objects. On another page in one of his own letters, it will be seen
how he devised a system of entomological excursions, at an expense of
S450 per annum. On one of these tours two of the members visited
together the Western districts of Virginia in 1869, and the same coun-
try, together with neighboring portions of Ohio, was explored again
the present summer, 1S65, by one of their number. As the Proceed-
ings were sold at a low price to accommodate and encoui'age entomolo-
gists who, like other scientific men are often poor, the expenses far ex-
ceeded the income, and Dr. Wilson contributed altogether about $2.00(1
for its support. For insect cases and other like accommodations, he
gave about ^2,000. He presented a library of choice, rare, and expen-
sive books on Entomology, numbering about 1,500 volumes, and this
must have co.st at least SG.OOO. The number of insect specimens in the
Museum amounts to over 50,000, and for these also the Society is chiefly
indebted to him. In addition to all these, he paid the salary of an in-
telligent and active entomologist, who for several years devoted all his
time to the Society, amounting to 84,000 more. The work of this gen-
tleman has been the describing of several hundred new species and
genera, the arranging of the Museum, the editing of the Proceedings,
and the correspondence of the Society.

The members were profoundly iujpressed with their obligations to
him, not only for his donations and the bestowal of his time to tliis
Society, but for the kindness and agreeableness of all his intercourse
with them personally. To give an expression to these feelings of ad-
miration and gratitude, the more active ones had beautifully engros.sed
and richly framed a Preamble and Resolutions. It was a gem of work-
manship in the highest style of art, containing on the border appropri-
ate legends. When this work was finished a meeting of the Society
was held, the Preamble and Resolutions were passed, and a committee
was appointed to wait on Dr. Wilson and present the testimonial. Thus
the whole was done without his becoming aware of what was going on.

18

When the committee appeared in his rooms in Philadelphia, he was
taken completely by surprise. Had he known their intentions before
hand, he would probably have objected eifectually to their fulfilment.
But now, on a sudden, stood before him his grateful and admiring
friends ; there was their beautiful thank-offering, and he could not but
accept it with all the heartiness and deep emotion of which the nature
of man is susceptible. It is known that he always cherished this gift
as a sincere and A'aluable token of friendship. One of the members
slightly engaged in these transactions, and who had witnessed w'hat
took place in the Academy of Natural Sciences on the presentation of
his great ornithological gift, was naturally. somewhat apprehensive about
the reception he might afford the committee on this occasion. A few
days after he had an occasion in the evening to visit him at his rooms,
and after conversing aAvhile, the Doctor took a lamp and asked him to
step to the side of the room, when, holding up the light by the side of
the testimonial on the wall, he spoke of it, with unalloyed gratification
beaming in his countenance and giving tone to his voice. This was
not vanity for being jn-aised j it was thankfulness for being beloved.
He made known the testimonial to the member then before him, be-
cause he was supposed to be unacquainted with the affair, as he seldom
attended the meetings and was not what is called an active member,
A member of the Publication Committee was asked why the Resolu-
tions had not been printed in the Proceedings. He replied. Dr.
Wilson was chairman of that committee and would not allow it. Taken
from their golden surroundings and printed in plain letters, they lose
muck of their impressiveness, still they should be inserted here. They
are as follows :

THANKS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA,

TO

Dr. THOMAS B. WILSON.

At a Stated Meeting of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, held
Monday evening, Noveml)er the 9th, Anno Domini One thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty-three, on motion of Mr. Charles A. Blake, a Committee was
apjjointed, consisting of Messrs. Charles A. Blake, J. Frank Knight and Eobert
Frazer, who reported the following Preamble and Resolutions, which were
unanimously adopted :

Whereas, The Entomological Society of Philadelphia is under lasting obli-
gations to Dr. THOMAS B. WILSON, for his successful efforts in advancing
the cause of Science, and by his kindness and liberality enabling said Society
to reach its present jiosition, therefore

19

Eesolved, In acknowledgement of bis valuable services, the tJianks of this
Society be respectfully tendered to Dr. THOMAS B. WILSON for his earnest
and indefatigable exertions in securing to the Society its many facilities for
promoting the Science of Entomology, and our high appreciation of him as an
upright and honorable man, and as a useful and valuable citizen.

Besolved, That a copy of the foregoing Preamble and Resolution be suitably
engrossed, signed by the Officers, handsomely framed and presented to Dr.
Thomas B. Wilsok.

JAS. H. B. BLAND, President.

C. F. PARKER, V. President.
E. T. CRESSON, Corresponding Secretary.

J. FRANK KNIGHT, Recording Secretary/.

la due time the following letters were received : —

Philadelphia, Dec. 29th, 1863.
Gentlemen — On Tuesday evening the 15th inst. I had the pleasure of receiv-
ing from you a very unexpected visit, bringing with you a very beautifully
engrossed and framed cojiy of certain Resolutions in reference to myself, passed
t)y •• The Entomological Society of Philadelphia," at its Stated Meeting, Nov.
9, 1863.

I beg you will convey to the Society my thanks for the unmerited and unex-
pected honor it has conferred upon me — and accept also for yourselves my
thanks for your kindness and courtesy on the occasion of the presentation.

Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. WILSON.
To Messrs. Charles A. Blake,
J. Frank Knight,
Robert Frazer,
Committee of Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia.

Philadelphia, December 29, 1863.

Dear Sir — The trains on the railroad to Delaware are at present in such a
confused condition, that I am somewhat apprehensive something may occur to
prevent me from carrying out my intended donation of $5,000 to the Entomo-
logical Society at its next meeting. I cannot transfer the Schuylkill Naviga-
tion Loan before next week, and cannot well have a Ground Rent Deed drawn
out and properly examined by my lawyer in time for the next meeting of the
Society; under these circumstances, I have concluded to make the donation
cer (at ft while I am in town this week, by handing over to you 10 First Mortgage
Bonds of the Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Co. of $500 eacli, which you will
please present in ray name to the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, at its
next meeting. I have cut off the coupons for January, 1864, so that the first
Interest to be received by the Society will be July 1. 1864. Should the Society
prefer afterwards to exchange these Bonds for the Schuylkill Navigation Loan
or for the irredeemable Ground Rent, I shall be quite willing to do so, my ob-
ject at present being simply to secwre the donation in some form to the Society.

Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. WILSON.

To Jas. W. McAllister, Esq.,

Treasurer of Entomological Soc. of Philad.

20

Philadelphia, Jamvary 3, 1865.

Dear Sir— I propose to present to the Eutomological Society of Philadelphia
One Hundred Shares of the Capital Stock of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany, on condition, that they shall be held in Trust by the Society as a Publi-
cation Fund, and that the income derived from the same shall be exclusively
applied to the publication of the authorized periodical Publication of the So-
ciety, which may be issued in octavo form. Should the Society at any time
think it advisable to change the Investment, all monies received from the sale
of the same are to be re-invested and held in Trust for the same purposes and
on the same conditions as the original donation.

The season for railroad accidents and derangements having already com-
menced. I have transferred this morning, 100 Shares of the Pennsylvania R. R.
Stock into the name of tlie Entomological Society, without waiting for the ac-
tion of the Society, hoping that it will be willing to accept the donation on the
proposed conditions. You will oblige me by laying the above proposition be-
fore the Society, at the o'anuary meeting.

Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. WILSOX.
To Jas. W. McAllister, Esq.,

Treasurer of Entomological Soc. of Philad.

Philadelphia, January 31, 1865.

Dear SiK^Since I made the donation to the Entomological Society of Phila-
rlelphia. of 100 Shares of the Capital Stock of the Pennsylvania Central Rail-
road Company, to be held in Trust as a Publication Fund, I have been in-
formed that in case the Society should at any time deem it advisable to change
t)ie investment, there are doubts whether the Society would be authorized to
re-invest in any other Securities than those authorized by the Laws of Penn-
sylvania in relation to Trust Funds; in order, therefore, to remove all doubts
of my intentions, I will say, that I did not intend to limit the Society to any
jiarticular class of Securities in case of re-investment, but intended that when
any change of investment was deemed advisable, the Society should be en-
tirely at liberty to re-invest in such Securities as at the time of re-investment
might be considered most conducive to the interest of the Fund.

Please attach this to my note making the donation, as exi^lanatory of it:?

meaning. Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. WILSON.
To Jas. W. McAllister, Esq.,

Treasurer of Entomological Soc. of Philad.
Of course this o;ift was accepted with the conditions imposed, and
altoo:ether the amount of his donations to the Entomological Society,
as nearly as can be ascertained, was about $26,(»U0 The entire amount
which he has from time to time donated to the Academy of Natural
ScieiK-es in the form of books, specimens, and money, has been com-
puted by those who know best, to be about .$200,000. To all these
must be added his entire time ynd energies during his whole life.
Other men have donated larger sums for benevolent objects, but Dr.
Wilson's great merit consists in this, that he appreciated the para-

21

luouiit claims of the Natural Sciences, especially at a time when they
were much more overlooked than they are now. He was wise enough
to see that the Sciences as applied to the practical Arts, are changing
the face of the world ; and as applied to education, to morals, to reli-
gion, and to general intellectual enlightenment, they are giving to man-
kind their best and noblest ideas. Through these sciences the Great
Creator is becoming more glorified than ever by a revelation of the
history of his doings through untold millions of years that are gone,
and through unnumbered millions of miles far away.

In speaking thus highly of great pecuniary gifts, it is impossible for
us to undervalue the many men who are generously devoting their lives
to the advancement of the sciences, sometimes in poverty and in want,
and who have no lai'ge amounts of money to give. A life freely offered
is the noblest of sacrifices, and certain to do good forever, either with
or without money.

The department of Entomological Science which Dr. Wilson inves-
tigated, was the two-winged insects, the Diptera. Probably he made
this selection because that order is more neglected than the others by
American entomologists. He was Chairman of the Committee on Dip-
tera in the care of the Museum, and his exertions were truly admi-
rable in collecting, studying, classifying and arranging the frail animals
of this order. Apparently there was not a book on Diptera in any
language which he did not have. After his decease his family pre-
sented seventy-one volumes on this order which he had not already
donated to the library; and the simple reading of the catalogue of this
dipterous literature at the next meeting of the Society was a wonder,
showing the vast amount of labor already bestowed by scientific men
on this inconspicuous department of creation. He had collected seve-
ral hundred new species and genera of dipterous insects, and he had
made arrangements with .Mr. Ezra T. Cresson to describe and introduce
them to the scientific world. Death just then ended his career. Shall
we lament and say his work was not completed ";' Indeed, had he lived
a hundred years, his work woulct not have been completed ; he would
even then have left many unfinished labors, for he had always many
things on hand advancing towards maturity ; and as fast as some were
done, others were undertaken. His collection of newly discovered
l>iptera are in the possession of the Society which he himself founded
and reared, and Mr. Cresson, the associate of his labors for several years,
is still living and perfectly qualified to describe all his discoveries. A
grand question with the Society now is. how can the .services of Mr.

22

Cresson be secured ? He would gladly give them gratuitously, but this
he is unable to do. For several years past they were secured by a salary
from Dr. Wilson, and most certainly others can do what Dr. Wilson
did. Who will step forward and fill his place ? Dr. Wilson succeeded
Maclure in founding permanent institutions, and in making Philadel-
phia the first scientific city in America ; who will succeed Dr. Wilson ?
The Entomological Society needs an income above what it already has
of $2,500 a year. This is for two objects, to sustain the periodical
Proceedings and to keep an individual constantly employed in describ-
ing new species, editing the periodicals, conducting the correspondence
of the Society, arranging the collections, and generally superintending
the Society's afiairs. Therefore it has been resolved to attempt the
collection of $40,000. in addition to Dr. Wilson's donations, as a per-
manent fund for these two objects. It is hoped that men of wealth
may be found who will contribute that sum. Surely all Philadelphia
can and will do what one man did so many years alone.

The Society has just begun the publication of a new monthly periodi-
cal, called The Practical Entomologist. This is to be self-sup-
porting, and therefore not a burden on the Society's funds. Its object
is to procure and to diffuse information in an agreeable popular form
on Insects which are destructive or beneficial to vegetation in the
United States. This cannot be done by the Proceedings, which is
addressed exclusively to the scientific men of the whole world. A
large amount of knowledge has already been accumulated on this
subject, and the design now is to bring two classes of men, the scien-
tific and the practical, in closer communication. The complaint has
often been made that scientific men are not sufiiciently practical, and
that practical men are not sufficiently scientific. This complaint the
Society will aid to remove. It is astonishing what ravages various in-
sect tribes commit every year in the United States. In the State of
New York alone it has been said that they destroyed 115,000,000 worth
of wheat in a single year ! However this may be, it is certain that
that amount of pecuniary loss in a single year is not uncommon in the
wheat crop of the whole United States. It is hard to estimate the
annual damages to the fruit crops, the peaches, the plums, the apples,
the pears, the cherries. In the South We hear of almost fabulous
amounts of losses by the ball wjrm, the army worm, and other insect
destroyers in the cotton. To flower and vegetable gardens and to shade
trees, the mischiefs from insect enemies are not small. It is believed
that general attention will be secured from the community to our new

23

periodical. Already we are assured of a monthly circulation of from
] 0.000 to 20,000 copies. We doubt not that entomologists in all parts
of the United States will most cheerfully lend their gratuitous aid. It
is the hajtpiness of this class of men to contribute their knowledge
for the welfare of humanity. We think we have devised a plan to
bring out their exertions in a way the community will gladly wel-
come. The members will do all in their power to extend the useful-
ness of this Society and to collect, if possible, the moderate permanent
fund already named. We believe we can in no better way do honor
to the memory of Wilson. This Society is his work, and to this he
gave, during the last few years of his life, his almost exclusive
devotion.

Dr. Wilson never, to any considerable extent, became an author.
His only efi'ort in this way. of which we have heard, is a joint paper be-
tween himself and the distinguished ornithologist Mr. John Cassin, Vice
President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and who probably en-
joyed more of his intimacy and confidence than any other man, except
his own immediate family. That paper was published in the Proceed-
ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences for May, 1863. The learned
authors there discuss a subject quite worthy of themselves ; the exist-
ence of a department of organic life intermediate between plants and
animals. The subject is beset with difficulties where precise definitiont
are to be made, and where clear lines of demarkation are to be drawn
between different objects. Nevertheless the subject exists notwith-
standing the difficulties; and these difficulties seem to be of our mak-
ing in our wilful efforts to systematise, in our trying to divide whei-e
there are no natural divisions, and trying to separate things which are
inseparably joined. The opinions and reasonings of these authors seem
perfectly sound, but when they come to make the separation by name
between the objects which belong to their own intermediate depart-
ment, and those which belong to the departments of plants and ani-
mals, their troubles begin ; for how can they avoid including in their
intermediate department objects which are plainly animals on one hand
and plainly plants on the other? Probably the conclusion of the Sci-
entific World will ultimately be this: that organic life originally began
in our world in organisms which were strictly neither plants nor ani-
mals; that variations occurred, as they now daily occur, no offspring
being the exact image of a parent; that at length variations extended
so far as to become plants on the one hand and animals on the other ;
that as improved forms of life crowd the older and more imperfect

24

forms out of existence, so the first and original forms are lost, their
"■elatiuous bodies leaviuG; no fossil remains, and their surviving descend-
ants, which are now nearest themselves, still teach us the inseparable
connection between plants and animals. Between plants and animals,
in their extremely low forms, no line of distinction has yet been drawn.
So conjoined are the two that some organisms have been supposed by
high authorities to belong to one at one period of their lives, and to the
other at another. Very many are classed as plants by some authors
and as animals by others. Great credit is due to the authors of this
Paper for their courage in taking up so formidable a topic, and for
temperate, clear, and learned discussion.

It is natural to inquire why did not Dr. Wilson become an author ''
His life was devoted to study, why did he not publish his thoughts ?
There were several reasons for this. One was his unobtrusive disposi-
tion. He was not fond of exhibiting publicly his own views and opi-
nions, especially when he thought they might yet be amended. Ano-
ther was the fact that his views and opinions were constantly improving
and enlarging by his constant and varied studies. There is a wide dif-
ference between a man who devotes himself to a speciality, to the study
of some one chosen subject, and a man like Dr. Wilson, whose studies
embrace all creation. The latter requires many more years for com-
pleting his labors and maturing his opinions. In the present day va-
rious questions are rising which require a universal study for their so-
lution. For instance, the work of creation — has it been done by a
slow process, and by agencies and laws now in operation, or by sudden
efforts and by miraculous powers ? No narrow studies on any one sci-
entific topic are here of much worth. Greology, minerology, botany,
zoijlogy, ethnography, astronomy, and the forces and laws revealed by
natural philosophy and chemistry, must all contribute their parts to
the solution of this grand question. Dr. Wilson's mind was wonderful
for the extent of its range. This must be evident from what has
already been said about his studies, his travels, and his labors in pro-
viding books and museums in every department of research. An im-
pressive instance was revealed soon after his death. It was then dis-
covered that he had just previously been employed in the examination
of the old Inca language of Peru, and that he had imported an Inca
dictionary and other means for his assistance from Europe. He had
not, however, said a word about all this to any one. But it can easily
be seeu what a bearing this study must have on ethnological questions,
such as the origin of races and of man. While his studies were thus

25

extendiiii;'. and while liis views were enlar^inj^ and hi>! opinions were
approacliing more and more to maturity, it is not strange that he did
not pulilish. He was not yet ready. And it must be remembered that
he died early, just entering his tit'ty-uinth year, and probably like most
.sanguine persons, he looked forward to many coming years for making
known his researches to the world. But it may be that by his death
and the publication of his truly heroic and glorious example to the
world, more good will be done than he could have done by his pen.
We speak deliberately when we say, his example is heroic and glori-
ous. Peace has its heroism and its glory as well as war. The entire
devotion of the heart to high and noble purposes, the firm determina-
tion, the unbending will, the generous forgetfuluess of self in enter-
prises for the welfare of man, all may be as true and as productive of
great results in peace as in the field of battle.

His importation of Inca literature is an illustration of a declaration
lately made by an intelligent merchant whose business is the importa-
tion of books, and who said that Dr. Wilson annually imported more
books than any other man in America. He gave away not onl}^ single
volumes but entire libraries. We have already referred to the giving
of his medical library to the Philadelphia Medical Society; we have
spoken of the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences, of the libra-
ry of the Entomological Society, and we must add, a library to the
Historical Society of Philadelphia. Maclure had donated several hun-
dred French volumes, in paper covers, to the Academy of Natural
Sciences. They were exceedingly valuable as historical documents,
being official journals and reports of the French authorities during the
exciting times of the old Revolution. The members of the Academy
being devoted to the Natural Sciences, never expected to use those old
historic records which occupied valuable spaces on their crowded
shelves. It was determined, therefore, to offer them for sale, at the
price of §500. to the Historical Society, which would find them directly
in the line of their labors. When this had been done. Dr. Wilson
pciid the S500 and presented them to the Historical Society with §1,000
in addition to have them bound. The Academy has established the
$500 as the Maclure fund, whose annual interest is applied to purchase
for their library appropriate volumes, in the front of which Maclure's
name is to be inscribed. It was perfectly understood both in the En-
tomological Society and the Academy of Natural Sciences that no
member should be retarded in his investigations for want of books.
He had simply to make known to Dr. Wilson his desires and the books

26

were ordered, however expensive. It was the same with specimens
for the Museums. New species for the Entomological Society he im-
mediately purchased whenever offered ; and he and the ornithologists
of the Academy on his behalf, never neglected the purchase of a new
species of bird whenever it could be obtained, apparently regardless
of cost.

His own private library, consisting of a few thousand volumes, is a
wonder for the wide range of its contents. It is at his late residence
in the house of his brother, about half a mile from Newark, Delaware.
And as that was his home for so many years, it will be of interest to
his admirers to know that the house is a spacious, handsome, country
mansion, and surrounded with agreeable lawns and shrubbery. It is
situated on a gentle elevation which rises gradually for some distance,
and the prospect is fair and far to the East, the North, and the South.
Dr. Wilson's rooms were in the north wing, the lower story being par-
lors, the second his library, and the third his sleeping apartments.
The walls of no rooms were ever more completely filled from floor to
ceiling with books, and they are in new and very agreeable covers.
There is no space left for pictures, except for one of his fether in a
lower parlor on the first floor. But it is the subjects of the volumes
which form the wonder. There are few scientific works, as he depended
for these on the Society libraries he himself had formed. Many books
which are seen in almost every gentleman's library, are not seen here;
but very many works which are rarely heard of, are here seen. It is
a refreshment to stroll along the glazed cases and read their titles on
their backs. The volumes on the Christian religion are not numerous,
but old Quaker works have a good share of room ; among them being
the autobiography of George Fox. AVorks on Mahomedanism, Brah-
manism, and Budism and other forms of idolatry, met the eye. Voy-
ages and travels in unfrequented parts of the world are numerous. The
chief classical French authors previous to the old revolution are there;
as he had lived long enough in France to know the language well.
Dictionaries and grammars are seen in many languages, not only the
well-known ancient and modern tongues, but also the Welsh, the Irish,
the Russian, and even the Kaffir of South Africa, and the Inca of South
America. Dr. Wilson's friends who knew him best, will have their
ideas enlarged of that remarkable man by viewing the choice of his
library.

The chief characteristic of Dr. Wilson's intellectual exertions, the
wide range of his studies, will be regarded as a defect by many per-

27

sons. This must happen, because there are two very different classes
of scientific laborers, who may be denominated generalists and special-
ists ; and the latter often fail to comprehend the former. The specialists
are apt to think there is no pleasure and no profit in Science with-
out knowing things in their individual minutire. They devote them-
selves to some one particular branch of science — their speciality — and
this they investigate very thoroughly during the whole of their lives.
The generalists think that all these special investigations are indispen-
sable, and yet that their own range of studies cannot be too wide or too
general. They are deeply impressed with the idea that everything is
in some way related to all other things. Nothing exists in an isolated
condition, and nothing can be understood if viewed in itself alone.
They think these general relations between all objects, are their most
interesting and important traits. They love to regard all creation as
a unit — a single piece of mechanism in which every individual object
fills its own place, and moves in harmony with the general movement,
the general plan of creation. This movement and this plan they en-
deavor to comprehend, and this they regard as of more importance
than any speciality. Humboldt in his Cosmos may be regarded as an
example of a generalist ) but even his Cosmos must be looked upon as
an imperfect and unfinished attempt. Among the ancient Greek gen-
eralists was Aristotle, and among the Romans the elder Pliny. In
modern times Linneus is a noble example. Copernicus and Newton
were noted for their general ■^iews and labors. Dr. Wilson's mind was
powerfully disposed to generalization ; a mental faculty which meta-
physicians of the best schools, rank as the very highest of all. From
this enlargement of his views it resulted that he was a pioneer of his
race, marching far in advance of his generation. He was the first man
of wealth in America who understood the importance of having a large
scientific library coupled with a large collection of objects of Natural
History, like those of the Academy of Natural Sciences. He was the
first man of wealth in America who understood the importance of found-
ing an Entomological Society with appropriate means of study. These
great institutions were not shaped for show or mere popular gratifica-
tion, however important this may be, but as seats where learned men
might study and make new discoveries, and where young men might
be attracted to enter on scientific lives. These means for the advance-
ment of knowledge, were not for one special branch ; his disposition
was too general for that. If Geology was his fovorite study, it was
because it includes so much. Here he beheld the formation of our

28

globe, which is in reality the formation of a star I Here he beheld a
momentous history which reaches back through millions of years. It
breaks upon the mind like a new revelation I And such, though not
miraculous, it must truly be regarded. These great scientific discove-
ries now rising like the morning sun upon us, are doubtless a part of
the plan of God. They have not entered th.e minds of men by chance.
They are given by Him to make known His own benevolent doino-s.
the long series of His own wise and mighty acts. '• Come, behold the
works of the Lord I" cried the old Hebrew bard. We have greater
cause than he to say. " Come, behold the acts of the Most High," as
we point to the formations of the rocks, beginning far below the Lower
Silurian, and tracing from time to time the growth and progress of
vegetable and animal life, with the growth of the solid globe as an ap-
propriate habitation for millions of advancing species, ending in "man
whose heaven-erected face the smiles of love adorn" — man recognizing
a benevolent First Cause who has ■' made all nature beauty to the eye
and music to the ear." The I'eligious element in Geology is one of its
great charms, and this attracted the mind of Wilson.

To the question whether Dr. Wilson was a religious man we must
go for an answer to the old and everlasting touchstone, "By their
fruits ye shall know them." His whole life was a most eminent exam-
ple of goodness. His kindness, gentleness, and constant endeavors to
please, were always felt. His benevolence was as marked in the innu-
merable small acts of daily life as in those large exertions which will
forever bless the world. He was punctual in all his engagements, strictly
upright in all his dealings, and never over-reaching in trying to make
a bargain in his own favor. On one occasion, when he inquired of a
collector the price of a cabinet of insects which he had determined to
buy, and when told the amount it would cost, he remarked, •■ Only
that sum. is it possible i"' His spirit and conduct were admirable in
all the social relations of life, in his family, among his friends, and in
the societies with which he labored. His most striking peculiarity was
his modesty and unassuming bearing. So far from looking out for
• the chief seats" and for high ofiices, he carefully avoided them. He
tried in every way not to be conspicuous. His father was a member of
the Society of Friends, but he himself did not adopt any peculiarities
of dress, and probably was never considered a member of that Society.
His theoretical religious opinions were mainly those of the Friends,
and yet he was one of the chief subscribers in the erection of an Epis-
copal church edifice at Newark, Del., which he occasionally attended,

29

but not often, especially in later \-ears. His belief was. that God now
gives to man all the aifls for spiritual enlightenment that He did in the
times of the prophets and the apostles, and that these are full and suffi-
cient. '-If ye being evil know how to give good gifts to your children.
how much more shall 3'our Heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to
them that ask Him." There is nothing, he said, in the New Testa-
ment to favor the idea that this Divine illumination should stop in
that generation. But the aid of this Divine Spirit he did not believe
came in sensible feelings and agitating emotions. It is an aid we re-
ceive in the ordinary exercise of our mental powers, we know not when
nor how; and its fruits are to be determined only by their correctness
and acknowledged excellence on a calm review. It is a solemn belief
for a man to regai'd himself as standing in the same relation to God
and to his fellow-man as did Isaiah and Paul, and that he has equal
responsibilities, providing his talents, his means of usefulness, are equal.
This is a powerfully operating religious sentiment, and Dr. Wilson's fiith
was approved and recommended by his works.

It is well known that in memoirs and biographies nothing can por-
tray a man's character so truly and so satisfactorily as his own private
letters. We are therefore happy to avail ourselves of some notes which
he addressed to a member of the Entomological Society, and they are
the more valuable because thev are on common everv-day matters. It
will be seen with what ease and facility he attends to the small details
of the Society's affairs, and how he was as careful of minor particulars
as of great and momentous concerns. The beginnings and endings of
all the notes except one are omitted, as they are all the same.

Philadelphia, Xoveinher 1, 1859.

Pear Sir — Nearly a month ago I received your favor of Ootober 3d, and in-
tended to call ujjon j'ou, but an accident by which one of my knees was sprained
a few days afterwards, placed it out of my power to do so.

On my arrival in the city this afternoon I received your note of October 29th.
This week I shall be at my rooms this evening and to-morrow ("Wednesday;
evening, when I shall be glad to see the Committee of the Entomological Soci-
ety. If not convenient this week. I shall be at my rooms on Wednesday even-
ing of next week only, as I dine on Tuesday of next week with the Historical
Society at Bethlehem. Yours, respectfully,

THOMAS B. "WILSON.

In the next note it will be seen with what delicate address he lejids
the Entomological Society out of its old determination not to form or
support a Museum of Insects. He did not make the proud sensational
announcement that if they acceded to his views, he would give them
some tens of thousands of dollars, and devote to the Society several

30

years of his time, both of which deeds he afterwards really performed,
but he began in his usual quiet and insinuating way. He "came down
as the dew."

Newark (Bel.), November 11, 1859.

I am much obliged for the names of the Coleoptera which you have sent rae,
and will bring up the other unnamed species next week.

I would rather not address a note to the members of the Entomological So-
ciety, as it might have the appearance of wishing to urge my opinions upon the
Society, which I certainly do not wish to do. Under the circumstances it is,
perhaps, best for me to waive my usual scruples about subscriptions, for if you
state to the Society that I have subscribed $100 towards the formation of a Ca-
binet, and that I propose also to reserve for the Society's collection any dupli-
cates that I may receive, it will perhaps be more satisfactory evidence that I
am favorable to the formation of a collection than anything else that could be
said. You have my permission to make this statement if you think it best t..
do so.

From the conversation I had with the Committee last week, I am satisfied
that however difficult it may be to protect a collection both from Insects and
Depredators, the Society cannot be independent until it has a collection of its
own to refer to.

If you will inform me to whom I shall pay the $100, I will pay it over at any
time.

At the following meeting of the Society a resolution was passed to
begin the formation of a Museum of Insects, and consequently the pre-
sent great and increasing collection dates from that period,

Neu-ark {Del): February Ifi. 1860.

I did not receive your note of the 11th inst. until I returned home this after-
noon, or I should have replied to it sooner.

Having an aversion to letter-writing, I have kept my correspondence within
a very limited range, and in that point of view, should have but little employ-
ment for a "Private Secretary;" but in another point of view, as you have a
taste for the Natural Sciences, it is quite possible that an arrangement could be
made which would be mutually agreeable. I shall not have time to call on you
on my arrival in the city on Monday, but if convenient to you, I will endeavor
to call upon you on Monday evening next, at 7 o'clock, before you go to the
entomological rooms, in order to compare ideas.

Philadelphia, May 16, I860.

I have received your favor of the 8th inst., as well as the previous ones, but
have not replied for a reason mentioned, I believe, before, that is, an antipathv
to letter-writing; I always avoid it if I can.

I regret that there should be any doubt or misapprehension in relation to the
arrangement which 1 proposed to make with you :— neither of the cases stated
in your note are what I understood myself as making; what I intended to pro-
pose was, that you should have a salary of $ per annum, clear of all ex-
penses. Besides this, I proposed to appropriate for expenses in making collectiovs.
S200 per annum for excursions near Philadelphia, and $250 per annum for dis-
tant excursions, intending, however, if less than $200 was required for near excur-

31

sious, to appropriate the balance to distant excursions, so that the two together
should not exceed $150 per annum. It was not my intention to consider either
of these appropriations for making collections as part of your salary, but con-
sidered both of them to be under my own control, to be used for either purpose,
according to circumstances. I must not be understood as meaning that you
were to keep a particular account of all the small items of expenditure, but
merely the sum total expended in any excursion, whether near Philadelphia
or distant, which can be easily done by putting a particular amount in your
pocket and seeing what you have left on your return, without troubling your-
self about the items.

In regard to the particular manner of meeting the expenses of near collec-
tions, my view was, to advance to you a certain sum — say $50 — to be used for
this purpose, and when it was exhausted, that you would report the fact, and
receive such additional sum as might be required.

I have endeavored above to explain my inte^itions at the time I made the ar-
rangement with you, and regret extremely that there should have been any
misunderstanding on the subject; if, however, you understand the matter dif-
Orently. it shall remain according to your understanding until the end of the
year.

Mr. Knight has perhaps explained in part my views in relation to the publi-
cations of the Society, but it is quite impossible to explain them fullj/ in a letter.
I must therefore defer this subject until I have the pleasure of meeting you.

To the above extract we behold his liberal plan for collecting the
insects of our country, appropriating from his own purse $450 per an-
num, without taking into account his own personal labors in collecting,
which were not small. In addition to this he purchased collections
wherever they were found, which could add to the number of species
in the Museum. Among them maybe mentioned that of Prof. Felipe
Poey, of the Island of Cuba, amounting in all to about 1^500 species :
namely, of Lepidoptera about 600 species; of Hymenoptera about 350 ;
of Coleoptera 1100, &c., &c. The total number of specimens were about
SOOO. That celebrated naturalist has been forty years in making this
vollection, and it is supposed to be the best collection of Cuban insects
extant. It contained a vast number of new and undescribed species.
and the doctor immediately took measures to have them described.
Mr. E. T. Cressou, in his work on the Hymenoptera of Cuba, published
in the Society's " Proceedings," Vol. IV, pp. 1 — 200, has described
250 new species of that order. Mr. A. R. Grote, of New York, in his
work on the Sphingidae of Cuba, also published in the " Proceedings."
Vol. V, has described 9 new species of that family.

Philadelphia, June 17, 1861.
I have put in tlie box a few species of Diptera, which are very common at
Newark, and of which I have plenty of specimens. Some of the others I think
are tolerably common, but as they belong to families which I have not yet stu-
died as to Genera, and in which Osten Sacken declined even to name the Ge-

32

nera, confessing his inability to do so, I shall be obliged if you will continue to
collect any Diptera that fall in your way until I leave you a specimen, saving
you have enough of that species. Some of the sjjecies you left are not at all
common at Newark, and some I have never seen before. I think I shall obtain
from them two or three genera not previously in my collection. As to your
proposal to make a catalogue of the species of Hymenoptera of oSTorth America,
as well as a list of the Genera and where found, I think it is one of the deside-
rata of North American Entomologists, and shall be very glad if vou will de-
vote to it any days unsuitable for collecting.

I am glad to hear of the arrangement you have made with Ulke, and hope
we shall be able to get along in the Coleoptera.

In a previous note you threw out a proposition about going to California and
Oregon next fall, and sj^ending eighteen months or two years in raakino- col-
lections in those regions. In ordinary times I should think it a desirable ex-
pedition, but in the present state of financial affairs I canmake noengao-ements
for the future. I know already that my income for the present year will be
considerably reduced. I see no prospect of any improvement in the time; in
fact, it appears to me that they must continue to grow worse under tlie war
policy of the present Administration. I expect, therefore, that before the end
of the year my income will be still further reduced. So far, therefore, from
wishing to make any further engagements for the future, I think it quite pos-
sible tliat I shall be obliged to terminate my engagement with you at the end
i^f our year, and as my organ of caution (as Phrenologists say) leads me to trust
nothing to the future that can be accomi^Iished in the present, if you are will-
ing to take it, I will now pay you the $ due up to that time, with the un-
derstanding that our engagement terminates at that time unless previously re-
newed. I expect to be in the city again next Monday, after 4 P. M., when I
shall be glad to see you, if convenient.

We need not wonder at these discouraging views of the future finan-
cial prospects of our country at that date. Not a man in the land
could then anticipate the astonishing fiaancial strength which the re-
public ultimately displayed.

Neicark [Del.), November 8, 1861.

For the present I wish you to attend to the interests of the Society ^r.si, mine
afterwards. On this point I will have a conversation with you when we meet.
I have recently resumed my studies on Classification, and have obtained a few
new ideas which may lead to useful results, and therefore prefer to have no
changes made in the names of Genera of Coleoptera for the present. I enclose
in a small box 17 specimens of Hemiptera for the Society. None of these spe-
cies, except one, are on my list as having been presented to the Society. I had
no box to put them in, or I should also have left the 11 species of Coleoptera
which you have marked as not being in the collection of the Society. I will
however, bring them back from Newark.

My health is about as good as usual, with the exception of a slight honrse-
ness and thickening of the palate, the remnant of a sore throat. My irregu-
larity in coming to the city for the last two or three weeks was not caused by
ill health, but by business which required me to be here on particular davs.
I hope next week to resume my usual habits.

33

Xewa7-k (Del.), February 14. lSfi2.

The affair last Monday evening so completely put everything else out of my
head that I forgot to have a talk with you about your note. Jst, we mtist fur-
nish the i)late for Osten Sackeu's next paper, and if he sends a plate for each
number of the Proceedings, they 7iiust also be furnished; no doubt a considera-
ble number of his Extras are sent to Europe, and thus bring the Society to the
favorable notice of European Entomologists, which is very desirable under pre-
sent circumstances. I quite agree with j'ou that Mr. ought to have the

$3 for the plate which he has so well executed, and I think also that it would
be taxing him more than his fair j^roportion to expect him to execute all future
plates at the same rate, especially if we should have a plate for each number :
but, considering the interest he takes in the Society, perhaps he would be will-
ing to do them at three-fourths the usual rate; suppose you have a talk with
him on the subject. I am quite willing to put in S25 for the publication fund,
or wliatever may be necessary to put the Proceedings through in a jiroper man-
ner.

In j'our note you say "The copies (500) of our lirst plate will, or is expected
to be, at the room this evening." I hope you have not forgotten to have twen-
ty-five more struck off for Osten Sacken's extras: if you have, please have them
struck off before the figures on the stone are rubbed out.

When you mentioned to me that Mr. Ridings was going to send to England
for pins and I gave you the samples, I forgot to give you the money to buy the
sovereigns. Please ask Mr. Ridings the cost of what he sent out on my account,
and I will pay him next week when I go to the city. This was one of the things
that was knocked out of my head last Monday evening.

Philadelphia, May 21, 1862.

I have received the jiroposed Seal for the Society and enclose you half a
dozen impressions which I have taken from it, for the inspection of Members,
so that they may adopt it at the next meeting with a knowledge of its charac-
ter and appearance. You will see that the artist has shown the spurs on the
tibise and even the hairs on the under side of the upper projection from the
thorax; — the thorax is more depressed than in the photograph or the inseet
sent to the artist, but I presume he has done this, in order to give it the air of
examinining carefully the ground before making a step, so as to make it cor-
respond with the motto. [Festina lente.]

Some of the impressions which I enclose are not so good as the others, luit
they all show that the small press to which the Seal is attached is sufficiently
powerful to make a good impression on paper without the aid of wafers.

In conversation with Mr. . I mentioned that we proposed to place at

the top of our Certificates of Membership a full-sized beetle with its motto,
when he made a suggestion which I think will be better: that is, not to d<i so.
but instead of it, to stamp every Certificate with the Seal of the Society : he
thought this would give the Certificate a more authentic air than the beetle at
the top; from the enclosed specimens you will see that this can very easily be
done if we use paper for our Certificates as thick or even thicker than the spe-
cimens enclosed, and I do not see any special reason why we should go to the
expense of having our Certificates printed on iJarchment.

I throw out these suggestions for the consideration of yourself and the other
members of the Committee, should the Committee think it advisable to propose

34

to the Society at its next meeting, any special design for a Certificate of Mem-
bership. If I recollect rightly, in the revision of the By-Laws, which we pro-
posed last week, no mention was made of the Seal of the Society; I suppose an
Article ought to be introduced on this subject,

Newark, {Del), April 9, 1863,

I have received your note of yesterday, and think that any omission to num-
ber our Plates would produce confusion in referring to them, but I have seen
somewhere, though I cannot now recollect where, a plan of introducing a second
title, somewhat similar to the enclosed pattern.

I am glad that you have mentioned the matter of printing the Proceedings,
for I intended last week to have a talk with you on that very subject; it is just
as important that the Correspondence, Exchanges, <fec. should be promptly at-
tended to, as it is to issue our Proceedings punctually; I do not think that we
ought to limit our numbers to any certain number of pages, but that we ought
to publish all papers that are regularly reported on by the Committees in their
proper order and time ; if we postpone any papers, we shall very soon find the
autliors sending their papers to Societies who will publish them more promptly.

I may be wrong, but my impression is that Mr. comes but once a week

to assist in setting up type and in presswork, and that he does it at consider-
able less than the usual rates; the proposition which I intended to make to

you, was something like the following: — That, if Mr. • has the time to

spare, so that there shall be no delay in the issue of the numbers, an arrange-
ment shall be made with him to set all the type and assist in the press-work
at such price as he may be willing to agree to, and I think that if no better
can be done, it would be better to give him full prices, for, as he has been on
the Publication Committee from the beginning, he will naturally take more
pride in preserving its typographical excellence than any other printer would.

If Mr. has not the time, then, to make arrangements with some one else,

so that you shall be relieved from type-setting, but I think that in any case
you should correct the proofs and take a general supervision of the printing. In
order to carry out this plan, it will perhaps be necessary to purchase more type,
so that type-setting may not be delayed by any delay in the return of proof-
slieets from authors. For all these things I am willing to furnish whatever
funds may be necessary; in fact, I do not expect Vol. 2 to pay expenses, but as
we approached the end of Vol. 1, I saw that the steadily increasing number of
pages and the coloring of Plates, made it necessary to change the price of sub-
scription for the 2nd Vol. Our terms for the 2nd Vol. make no promises for
the .Srd Vol., and perhaps by the time the 2nd Vol. is completed, the Public will
not object to an increase of price for the 3rd Vol., while at the same time I
hope we shall be able to preserve the old price for our members. I wish you
would think over the above and suggest any other plan or ideas that may oc-
cur to you.

On the cover of the last No. of the Berlin Entomological Magazine, which I
left with you, you will see a notice that the price for Members of the Society is
$2 jier annum — for the Public S3 per annum.

I intended last week also to have a talk with Mr. , about the Insect

Case which he is now making, and the four other cases which will be wanted;
I shall be obliged if you will see him, and let me know next week his ideas on
the following propositions; (I have paid him $50 in advance on the case now
makina;.)

35

I propose now to pay him $50 more, and the balance when the case is fin-
ished and at the Hall of the Society. I propose also, (if he thinks it will be
better, to secure at once the lumber necessary for the four other cases,) to ad-
vance $50 on each for that purpose, say $200 altogether, and also to advance on
each case an additional $50, when it is so far completed as to require cork and
glass; the balance due on each case when finished, to be paid when it is de-
livered complete to the Societ}'.

We can easily understand how individuals may have been acquainted
with Dr. Wilson, seeing him act and hearing him speak for years,
without recognizing him as a great man. Even now they may not feel
that a great character has just left us. When greatness comes in its
most simple and unpretending form, it may easily be overlooked. So
it was of old with " the man of Nazareth." A member once remarked
to us at a meeting of the Academy, as he was walking across the room,
'• The doctor is the very personification of modesty." He would not
surely have been great if greatness consisted in making a display, either
in speaking or in acting. It is a beautiful lesson taught us by an an-
cient seer, near three thousand years ago, that he did not recognize
God in the thunder, nor in the earthquake, nor in the whirlwind, but
in the still small voice. With the great mass of mankind it is just the
reverse. They have need to be arrested and made attentive, and taught
how the still small voice may tell more than the thunder. In human
character greatness of the very highest type consists in an enlightened
judgment and a good heart; not in the faculty or the disposition for
making personal demonstrations. The demonstration of a great niind
shows itself by good and great deeds performed silently and with the
least possible ostentation ; good and great deeds whose influence may
last through all time without any alloy of evil. Res non verba, things
not words, as we have already said, was his favorite motto. The supe-
riority of his judgment was seen in not allowing his benevolence to
run in the ordinary beaten tracks, but in making the Academy of
Natural Sciences what it now is. He was very far in advance of the
general intelligence of the times when, many years ago, he entertained
so high an appreciation of the Natural Sciences. And after the Aca-
demy had been well furnished and well established, he again showed
his judgment superior to that of members there by founding the V,n-
tomological Society. The ruling spirits of the Academy could not
see the propriety of having a new society whose object was purely
Natural History, like their own, and apparently interfering with their
work and opposing their interests. He saw clearly what they could
not see, that the Academy never had answered, and probably never
would answer, the purposes of entomology. Just as formerly, there

36

was a necessity for founding the Academy, although the Philosophical
Society existed in the same city for the same objects, so now there was
a like necessity for founding the Entomological Society, although
both these old institutions existed with the same objects in view.
He saw that entomology should occupy a higher regard, and receive
a more vigorous treatment, than that bestowed by them. He saw
that though the insects are small, yet altogether they are great. " The
locust, the caterpillar, the canker-worm and the palmer-worm are God's
terrible army." He saw that insects are praeticallj- as important as
any other class of animals, and he saw, that scientifically considered,
they are the most important class, because the number of their species
is probably four times greater than that of all the other classes together.
The beginning of the Entomological Society was most unpromising.
As a society it did not even aspire to have a library, or a museum of
insects, or a permanent hall of its own. Dr. Wilson showed the great-
ness of his mind in appreciating the men, in uniting them together more
closely, in placing before them soul-stirring objects, and finally in call-
ing out the efforts of the entomologists of the whole country from one
end of the United States to the other. For several years he worked
with them quietly and unobserved, and the society was almost unknown
except among entomologists. There were wise men and great men in
the Academy at the time of the formation of the Entomological Soci-
ety, but none were greater and wiser than he. When, as in the case
of George Washington, a man's greatness lies in his judgment, in his
wisdom for managing great affairs, he can be appreciated only by a
very narrow circle, unless some great emergency call him forth, or
unless the powerful promptings of his own benevolent disposition urge
him to undertake great things. Then his greatness is measured by the
deeds he has done and the way they are done. The way, the manner
of Dr. Wilson, could not have been better. His example will be effec-
tive for a long time to come. In small things, in the countless details
of founding and conducting large societies, his wisdom was as striking
as in extensive designs. A single instance of these minor matters can
alone be mentioned. An influential member of the Academy proposed
to him to have the floors of the rooms in the lower story covered with
matting, the bare boards appearing rather unseemly. No, he promptly
replied, the gas-burners and the gentleman's cigars and pipes are lighted
with matches, and they or the ignited tobacco, falling on the dry mat-
ting, might easily burn up this building and all its contents.

His general health was good, and he was capable of a large amount

37

(jf intellectual labor. He was industrious durinjj; the day, and at nisrlit
it was his habit to be up until one or two o'clock in the mornini,',
actively engaged in study. His hour for breakfast was at nine.
About the seventh of March, 1865, he complained of being feverish,
and for a few days he bore his illness as an inconvenience, but not as
being serious. He reclined in his easy chairs in his study, and tried
to amuse himself with his books, now with one and now with another,
but none brought their usual relish. Occasionally he walked out a
little, saying he enjoyed the open air. In his study he took his sparing
meals, which were brought to him contrary to his usual practice. On
Sunday morning, the 12th, he had become so much worse that his bro-
ther insisted on his retiring to bed; and as a compromise he consented
to have a couch brought in his study. His fever rapidly increased,
and in the evening of that day he was affected with delirium. This
continued during Monday, but on Tuesday evening he recognized his
brother and addressed him by name. Later in the same night, appa-
rently at the crisis of the disease, he suffered a spasmodic convulsion,
partly rising up in his bed and showing signs of strong excitement.
As this passed away it became evident that he was in extreme danger.
His symptoms were now decidedly those of typhus fever. He rapidly
declined, and on Wednesday, the 15th, he breathed his last, still in his
study and surrounded by his books. He died in the midst of his labors;
and even now his old accustomed volumes seem to look down from
their shelves to the spot where he loved to sit and study, and where
he laj' when he reached his end.

His remains were conveyed to the city residence of his brother Rath-
mell Wilson, Esq., in Philadelphia, where his funeral was attended on
Saturday the 18th. Besides his relatives the chief mourners were the
scientific gentlemen of that city. Sorrowfully they accompanied him
t<j the cemetery at South Laurel Hill.

His Will had been made some considerable time past, and he therein
bequeathed the sum of $10,000 to the Academy of Natural Sciences.
He had expressed his intentions to alter this bequest in favor of the
Entomological Society, for the reason that he had already done so much
more for the Academy, and that the Academy was so much better pro-
vided for than the Society. But he died suddenly, sooner than the
anticipations of us all, and no change in his will was made. This ex-
planation in favor of the Entomological Society, seems demanded by
the occasion. In the right view of the case, however, all is well. This
Society had his kind intentions; Science has for its advancement the

38

important sum left at his death ; and mankind at large has the benefit
of his liberal and large hearted example. His example will continue
to be a power in the world, and do for this institution far more, we
trust, than even his own best personal acts.

A Monument to Dr. Wilson is already built more durable than gra-
nite or marble. As in the solid rocks we behold the impressions of
plants and animals which have lived many millions of years ago, and
their forms and their characters still stand out in bold relief, so our
departed friend has imprinted his image on the moral and intellectual
world forever. He has done deeds whose records can never be defaced.
He has given an onward movement to the development of scientific
knowledge which must go on without end. Every year it will spread
wider and wider, as new truths are discovered by the means which he has
provided, and as new young minds are attracted to devote themselves
to scientific investigations by the libraries and museums which he has
established. As in the material world force is found to be indistruc-
tible, and an impulse once given can never end, so in the moral and
intellectual world, an onward movement for the welfare of humanity
must go on forever. Such an impulse he has imparted, and as it rulls
on like a mighty wave through all future generations, it will be his
living monument admired to the end of time.

^■"l' -^
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Yor,. 5, No. 1.

PROCEEDINGS

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(tF THE

Entomological Society

OF

PIIIL^DELFHI^.

JULY

SEPTEMBER.

1865.

P

£.2

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PniLADP:LPHIA :

PRINTED BY THE SOCIETY

At the Hall, JSTo. 518 South ISth Street.

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i^^r^yi^^jS^^'j'OGjQQj^

CONTENTS.

PA6B

Kevision of the hitherto known species of the genus Chionohas

in North America, by Samuel H. Scudder, - - - 1

On some new species of Pselaphidae, by Erail Brendel, M. D., 28

Notes on Cuban Sphingid93, by Aug. R. Grote, - - - 33

Monograph of the Philanthidae of North America, by E. T.

_ - - - oD

Cresson, --"'""

North American Micro-Lepidoptera, by Brackenridge Clemens.

- 133

M.D.. - - - - -

Description of a new species of Limcnitis, by Wm. H. Edwards, US

m.

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PIIIL.i^.DELPH:I^.

OCTOBER

DECEMSEE.

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.A.ID"V^ETiTISE3Ns^EISrT.

Dr. Herrich-Schaffer, of Regensburg, Germany, having come into
possession of a large number of collections of Lepicloptera, offers them
for sale at the following prices. The identification is warranted accu-
rate. These collections can also be obtained by way of exchanges for
other Lepidoptera. A systematic catalogue of the European Lepidop-
tera will be sent on application.

M.

icros and M

icros

in

equal

nu

mbers

1

Macros alone.

or M i c r 0 s al

one.

Sa

me number.

100

speci

CB, 300 s

pecimens.

Thl

.3

10 S.

gr-

Thl.

3 10 S. gr.

200

400

a

5

20

6

.300

500

a

9

11

400

600

ti

14

10

.500

700

a

20

20

24

600

800

a

33

40

700

900

•i

50

60

800

1000

u

65

80

Identified species only fit for comparison.

100 species 3 Thl. 300 species 12 Thl.

200 8i>ecies 7 " 400 species 18 "

The following books will also be exchanged for specimens at the
prices marked, or at two-thirds their value for cash.

Herrich-Schaffer, System. Bearb., 636 Plates, col. 36 pi 200 Thl.

" " Lepid. Exot., 120 col. Plates 45

" " Neue Schmett. aus Euroj^a, 26 col. Plates 7^

Hiibner, Europ. Schmett., 790 Plates 200

" " " (Rarupen), 449 Plates 114

" Zutrage, 172 Plates 46

" Exot. Schmett., 491 Plates 12^

Panzer, Deutschlds. Ins. v. H.-Schaffer, 190 parts 130

Koch, Myriap. u Arachn 30

Esper, Europ. Schmett., Vol. I — V 15

Sturm, Deutsch. Ins., Vol. I— XXI ! 33