PROCEEDINGS

OF THK

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

Volume XII, 1910.

(MEETINGS OF NOVEMBER 4, 1909, TO FEBRUARY 19, 1910)

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,

QUARTERLY
CARLISLE, PA. WASHINGTON, D. C.

iqio.

DATES OF ISSUE OF THE NUMBERS OF VOLUME XII.

No. 1 (pp. 1-54), March 21, 1910.
No. 2 (pp. 55-104), June 15, 1910.
No. 3 (pp. 105-160), Septembers, 1910.
No. 4 (pp. 161-209), December 31, 1910.

Edited by HARRISON G. DYAR.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE.
HARRISON G. DYAR. J. C. CRAWFORD. NATHAN BANKS.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME XII.

Page

New American Mites NATHAN BANKS...

Notes on the Mosquitoes of Arkansas... JAMES K. THIBAULT, JR... 13

A New Euclea HARRISON G. DYAR... 26

A Correction AUGUST BUSCK... 26

Notes on the Two Papers on Aphididse by Rafinesque.

H. F. WILSON... 27

A new Genus of Sawflies from Chile S. A. ROHWER... -'SO

Musical Crickets and Locusts in North Georgia..H.*A. ALLARD... 32

Some New Wasps from New Jersey S. A. ROHWER... 49

The Larva and Food-plant of Glyptocera consobrinella Zeller.

HARRISON G. DYAR... 52
Two New American Species of the Genus Ethmia.

AUGUST BUSCK.... 53

Two New Species of Lsetilia Ragonot HARRISON G. DYAR... 54

A Review of the Coccida? described by Dr. Asa Fitch.

J. G. SANDERS... 56

The Feeding-habits of Geranomyia FREDERICK KNAB... 61

New Species of North American Microlepidoptera.

CHARLES R. ELY... 67
Notes on the Species Megalopyge Allied to opercularis Smith

and Abbot HARRISON G. DYAR... 73

New Species of the Genus Stenoma from Costa Rica.

AUGUST BUSCK... 80
On the Identity of Culex pallidohirta.

HARRISON G. DYAR and FREDERICK KNAB... 81
Descriptions of New South American Lepidoptera.

HARRISON G. DYAR... 83

Family Distribution and Faunal Areas NATHAN BANKS... 89

Descriptions of New Psenid Wasps from the United States.

S. A. ROHWER... 99

Resolutions on the Death of Henry Ulke 105

Obituary Notice: G. W. Kirkaldy Ill

Notes on the Family Dalceridae HARRISON G. DYAR... 113

The Stridulations of Some Cone-headed Grasshoppers (Conoce-

phalus) H. A. ALLARD.. 121

New Genera and Species of North American Diptera.

D. W. COQUILLETT... 124
New Central-American Microlepidoptera Introduced into the

Hawaiian Islands AUGUST BUSCK... 132

iii

iv CONTENTS.

The Genus Latheticus Waterhouse F. H. CHITTENDEN... 135

Vagrant Eupithecias RICHARD F. PEARSALL... 138

Two New Parasitic Hymenoptera J. C. CRAWFORD... 145

New South American Neuropteroid Insects NATHAN BANKS... 146

Notes on Megalopygidae HARRISON G. DYAR... 161

Notes on the Geometrid Gypsochroa sitellata Guen.

H. M. RUSSELL... 177

Some Synonymy and Other Notes on Aphidiinse..A. B. GAHAN... 179

Two New Species of Graptolitha HARRISON G. DYAR... 190

New Species of North American Leptoglossus.

OTTO HEIDEMANN... 191
Coquillett's "The Type-species of the North American Genera

of Diptera." FREDERICK KNAB.. 197

Description of a New Capsid OTTO HEIDEMANN... 200

New Phycitinse and Crambinae CHARLES R. ELY... 202

Index : 205

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

Volume XII, No. 1.

JANUARY-MARCH, 1910.

MEETINGS OF NOVEMBER 4 AND DECEMBER 2, 1909

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,

QUARTERLY
CARLISLE, PA. WASHINGTON, D. C

IQIO.

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON.

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday in each month,
from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M., at the residences of members.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members, $2.00; initia-
tion fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1910.

President O. HEIDEMANN.

First Vice-President F. M. WEBSTER.

Second Vice-President A. L. QUAINTANCE.

Recording Secretary J. C. CRAWFORD.

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer E. F. PHILLIPS.

Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.

Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. D. HOPKINS.

Executive Committee.

THE OFFICERS,
L. O. HOWARD, C. L. MARLATT, HARRISON G. DYAB.

.« Publication Committee.

HARRISON G. DYAR, NATHAN BANKS, J. C. CRAWFORD.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at 130 W. High street, Carlisle,
Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per annum;
single numbers, 50 cents. Remittances should be made payable to the
Entomological Society of Washington.

Authors of contributions to the PROCEEDINGS shall be entitled to 25 separates of
each contribution, free of charge. Additional copies may be bad at cost by notifying
the Publication Committee before the final page proof is returned to the printer.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THI:

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON.

VOL. XII JANl'ARV-MARCH, 1910 No. 1

MKKTINC, OF NOVEMBER 4, 1909.

The 234th regular meeting of the Society was entertained
by Mr. Schwarz at the Saengerbund Hall, 314 C Street, on
the evening of November 4, 1909, and there were present
Messrs. Banks, Barber, Burgess, Busck, Crawford, Dyar, Ely,
(xahan, Gill, Hall, Heidemann, Hooker, Hopkins, Knab,
Lawford, E. L. Phillips, Piper, Popenoe, Ouaintauce, San-
ders, Schwarz, Viereck, and Wilson, members, and Messrs.
K. Heudriksen, Copenhagen, Denmark; T. H. Jones; E. L,.
Morris, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; L. M. Peairs, S. A. Rohwer,
E. W. Scott, and J. S. Zimmer, visitors.

The following were elected active members: Messrs. T. H.
Jones, S. A. Roluver, and E. W. Scott, of the Bureau of
Entomology, and Mr. L. M. Peairs, of the Maryland Agricul-
tural Experiment Station.

The name of Mr. \V. T. Davis, New Brighton, Staten
Island, New York, was proposed for corresponding member-
ship and referred to the Executive Committee.

The Corresponding Secretary reported that the commit-
tee of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science to report on the methods of publication and distribu-
tion of publications by scientific societies had requested infor-
mation from the Society in regard to our publications, and on
vote of the Society was instructed to furnish such information.

The first paper of the evening, "Some New Mites," was
read by title, the author, Mr. Banks, giving a synopsis. The
paper was discussed by Messrs. Schwarz and Piper.

Mr. Banks, in reply to questions, stated that species de-

1

2 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

scribed from immature stages were almost universally recog-
nized. In regard to "red bugs," they have been bred twice
in Europe and the adults were species of the genera Trom-
bidium and Rhyncholophus ; that the young "red bugs"
attacking warm-blooded animals may come to maturity in case
the host attacked is one of the small mammals, but not if one
of the large mammals.

NEW AMERICAN MITES.

[Arachnoidea, Acarina.]

BY NATHAN BANKS.

The following pages contain descriptions of some new spe-
cies of mites, mostly from the United States, several of which
are of particular interest.

The Histiostoma is probably an inhabitant of the nests of
rats; but these specimens were taken from a rat, while the
migratorial stage was found attached to a flea. Here I re-
frain from quoting the famous lines of Dean Swift. Several
of the species were taken by Mr. Brues from ants' nests in
Texas; one, the Hypochthonius , is a very uncommon form.
The Halarachne, from the seal, is the third species of this re-
markable genus, and the most striking species of all of them.

The Gamasus, from a Perornathus. is another unusual form

o

in its genus ; possibly it will form a new genus or subgenus.
The Ornithodoros, from Cuba, is the most peculiar species so
far known in the genus.

Family TROMBIDIID^.
Trombidium superbum, new species.

Closely similar to T. magnificum. Red, with several patches of white
hair, one each side in front of coxae III, extending upward, and there
narrowly connected to a white spot each side over coxae III; an elongate
white patch on median part behind, and the vicinity of the anus white.
Much white hair under the basal joints of legs I and II, and the tips of
the joints of leg IV white; also white hair under basal joints of this leg.
Sometimes there are one or two other patches of white hair. Body of
general shape and size of 7*. magnificum; the hairs of body are not as
long, while tarsus IV is rather longer than in that species The palpus
is like that of T. magnificum^ but the thumb is larger.

Tucson, Arizona.

Readily separated from T. magnificum, as well as from the
Mexican 7. dugesi, by the patches of white hair.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, liUll.

Family TETRANYCHID.£.
Raphignathus brevis, new species.

Body yellowish red, legs rather paler. Body about one and one-half
times longer than broad, surface marked with small irregular polygons;
cephalothorax with four large clavate hairs each side; abdomen with five
such hairs each side, two of them at posterior margin; beneath at tip is
a shorter pair a little behind the anus. Legs all very short and bristly,
the hind pairs not reaching behind abdomen; the anterior tarsi rather
blunt at tip, the hind tarsi tapering; the bristles on the basal joints of
the front legs are stouter and more spine-like than the other bristles.
The palpus ends in a stout curved claw, as large as the claws of the tarsi.

Length, 0.35 mm.

From Falls Church, Virginia, in moss.

Family GAMASID.E.
Halarachne attenuata, new species.

Pale whitish in color, dorsal shield, legs, and sternum yellowish. Body
slender, anterior half about two and a half times as long as broad, then
narrowed to a slender tail, which is rather longer than body and slightly
clavate at the tip. Above, on the dorsum, is an elongate basal shield,
with a small, constricted anterior part and a truncate, notched tip. The
stigmal aperture with the peritreme is just behind coxa III and visible
from above. The sternum is small and narrow, emarginate in front, and
with a pointed tip, which extends only opposite to coxae IV. Legs I
and IV are subequal in size, the joints short, except the tarsi, which are
rather slender; legs II and III much stouter than others, but nearly
as long, the tarsi stout and with heavier claws.

Length, 4 mm.

Taken from a seal pup at St. Paul Island, by Mr. J. Judge,
October 7, 1909. Differs at once from other species in the
slender "tailed" abdomen.

Gamasus frontalis, new species.

Pale yellowish, a reddish, corneous stripe on each anterior side meet-
ing in front. Body subtriangular, broadly rounded behind, somewhat
constricted in front, over one and a half times as long as broad; on each
anterior edge from above coxa II to the middle of front is a narrow,
corneous strip, of reddish or yellowish color, very prominent. The dor-
sal shield is entire and occupies about three-fourths of the surface. The
dorsal surface has many curved bristles in rows, on the middle of ante-
rior margin is a pair of straight bristles close together, and each side of
them is a curved bristle: also a pair of curved bristles where the two

4 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

corneous strips unite. Legs short, I not as long as width of body, with
a weak caroncle at tip; leg II enlarged, armed as in the figure, four pro-
cesses from femur, two on basal part, and two near tip, one near tip of
tibia, and the tarsus with two stout subterminal spines; legs III and IV
simple, quite long, with many almost spine-like bristles; the caroncle of
leg IV about one-half as long as tarsus IV. On the venter is seen a
broad sternal plate, with a bristle in each corner and at middle of sides;
other plates indistinct, but bristles at bases of coxae and others on venter,
and a fine hair each side of anus. -The spiracle has a long peritreme
reaching nearly to front of body.

Length, 1.3 mm.

Many specimens from Los Palmos, 3,500 feet, Santa Rosa
Mountains, California, May 27, taken by Mr. F. Grinnell,
from Peroguathus. The mites use their enlarged second pair
of legs to hold the hair of the host.

Gamasus calcarator, new species.

Body of male once and a half longer than broad, with a broad hood,
in front covering mouthparts; dorsal shield divided in the middle, on
sides, and behind with many long, fine hairs. Leg I very slender; leg
II heavy, the femur rounded above and on outer side very prominent,
below with a long, curved, toothed process, next joint also with process be-
low, tarsus like a large claw; hind legs slender, hairy, a spine above on
femur, and two below near middle of tibia?, and two on outer side of
metatarsi. Female narrowed in front, but the mouthparts visible.
There is a large, broad ventral plate, including the anus and reaching
forward to coxae IV. The color is pale yellowish, leg I paler than the
others.

Taken from nest of field mouse at Falls Church, Virginia,
in November.

Gamasus partitus, new species.

Pale yellowish. Body nearly twice as long as broad, broadest behind
the middle, in front with a shoulder-like part, the dorsal shield nearly
divided beyond the middle, the posterior part truncate behind; a pair of
large bristles in middle near the front margin, a still larger humeral
bristle and one each side on posterior part of the anterior shield; pos-
terior shield with a number of small, fine hairs, mostly in rows, and some
hairs beyond the shield, a small clavate hair each side near outer
hind corner of shield. Legs very long and bristly, a bristle at tip of
hind tibia is twice the length of that joint, a few stouter spines, one
near middle of the hind tarsus below. A few hairs each side on the
sternal plate, and some behind near tip of the body.

Length, 0.8 mm.

Falls Church, Virginia.

in WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lull).

Gamasus predator, new species.

Male. — Pale yellowish. Body elongate pyriform, nearly twice as long
as broad, dorsal shield entire, nearly covering body, leaving only a nar-
row hind border; shield witli many line, rather short hairs; epistome
rather large, with three equal apical teeth, and a smaller one each side.
Legs long and slender, hairy, tarsus I as long as tibia, tarsus IV nearly
twice as long as tibia; leg II greatly enlarged and armed with projec-
tions as in the figure.

Length, 1 mm.

Falls Church, Virginia.

Macrocheles helvina, new species.

Color pale yellowish. Body not twice as long as broad, narrowed
near front, and constricted over coxa- II, broadest much behind the
middle, clorsum with many very prominent clavate scale-like hairs, a
rather more prominent one at each humerus, and a pair in front near
middle. Venter without prominent hairs or bristles; legs not very long,
clothed with clavate hairs and short spines; tarsus I plainly longer than
the tibia, tarsus IV nearly twice as long as tibia; leg II heavier than
the other pairs, but not armed.

Length, 0.8 mm.
Falls Church, Virginia.

Differs from M. tinvslui in having many clavate hairs on
cephalic part of dorsum.

Laelaps longitarsus, new species.

Shield dark yellow, hind margin of body white, legs pale yellowish.
Shield covering most of the dorsum, pointed behind, covered with many
short, fine hairs, and in front with two stouter bristles each side; margin
of dorsum with many tine, long hairs. Legs slender, the tarsi long, es-
pecially the hin'd tarsus; all joints hairy. Ventral shield narrow in front
between the coxa', broad and broadly rounded behind; anal shield
broader in front than behind.

Length, 1 mm.

Taken from a mole's nest at Falls Church, Virginia, in
December.

Pteroptus echinipes, new species.

Body once and three-fourths as long as broad, broadest between legs
II and III but not angled. Dorsum without hairs, except a pair of
small ones in front, one at each humerus, and two longer ones close to-
gether each side near the tip. Legs very heavy and with long, still
bristles, those on the basal joints much longer than the joints and ex-
tending backward over the body Body of female much broader behind.

Length, 1 mm.

From Motis /uri/'n^n^, at Homer, New York.

6 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOFIETV

Pteroptus grossus, new species.

Body broadest at anterior third, rounded in front, tapering behind to
a small rounded tip; above without bristles on anterior part, except a
few along the margin and one on each humerus; apical third of dorsum
with many short, stiff bristles, becoming larger near the tip, where they
are very numerous. Legs large and heavy, with many large bristles,
longer than the joints, except on the tarsi. Venter without bristles, and
only a few small ones on the ventral side of the legs. In the female the
posterior part of abdomen is broader, and the shield does not reach be-
hind the hind coxae.

Length, 1.4 mm.

From Beulah, New Mexico, on a bat.

Family IXODID.E.
Ornithodoros marginatus, new species.

Body fully twice as long as broad, much narrowed and tapering in
front to a pointed cone, which greatly overhangs the mouthparts; behind
the body is broadly rounded. The dorsum is concave, the margin ele-
vated all around and with a row of small tubercles, each tipped by a
brush of short, erect hair, extremely characteristic. The dorsum is
slightly elevated in the middle, with irregular depressions each side;
the surface with scattered small tubercles, each tipped with a tuft of
short hair; pleura with similiar tubercles, but none as large as those on
the margin of body. Sternum without tubercles, but with simple hairs.
Legs rather short and stout, leg I about one-half the length of body, all
joints with many simple hairs, those on the upper surfaces of the last
and penultimate joints of legs I, II, III short and erect; all tarsi with-
out humps; the penultimate joint largest near the tip. No eyes. The
beak prominent from below, the palpi slender; no flaps at sides, all with
stiff, simple hairs. The anus large, situate considerably behind the
hind cox;t ; a transverse furrow behind it. The sternum with a groove
each side in front, approximating near coxae III ; a groove each side on
posterior part of sternum, bending outward behind the hind coxae.

Length, 5 to 8 mm.

From a cave in Guauajay Mountains, Cuba, May 5 (Palmer
and Riley); also from a West Indian bat (Barrett) probably
from Porto Rico. The cave specimens are mostly covered
with dirt; they doubtless fed on the bats in theca^e. Readily
known from all other species by the row of tufted humps on
margins of body.

Ixodes aequalis, new species.

Shield yellow-brown to dark red-brown. Capitulum subtriangular,
porose areas rather large, subcircular, less than one-half a diameter

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, ]!)!(). 7

apart. Shield nearly diamond-shaped, the anterior and posterior sides
subequal ; surface evenly and rather heavily punctured; the lateral car-
ins distinct. Stigmal plate circular. Legs of moderate length; tarsus
I only a trifle longer than the preceding joint ; all tarsi abruptly nar-
rowed near tip. Coxa I with a distinct but short spine at base and a
minute tooth near tip; a smaller apical tooth on coxae II and III. No
projection on the lower side of rostrum Surface of body very finely
haired. v

Length of shield (female), 1 mm.

From Berkeley Hills, California, taken from the California
ground squirrel, Otospermophilus bcechcvi, by Drs. Wellman
and Wherry.

It runs to/, august us in my table of J.vodes (Revision of the
Ixodoidea), but differs at once in shorter shield, of different
shape, more circular porose areas, shorter tarsus I, etc.

Family ORIBATID^.

Pelops tibialis, new species.

Color red-brown, legs pale. Cephalothorax small, pointed in front; a
rather broad lamella each side, with slender, pointed tip, lying close to
side of head, and outside of this is another lamella, not reaching so far
forward, also with pointed tip, and a heavy, finely serrate bristle arising
from beneath its tip; pseudostigmatic organ short, capitate; superior
bristle a large, spatulate, scabrous scale reaching in front of the cephalo-
thorax. Abdomen narrowed in front, broad and broadly rounded
behind, surface roughened, behind with about seven clavate or scale-
like hairs each side; wings not very long, but large and deep, with
anterior edge nearly straight, and lower edge evenly rounded. Venter
nearly smooth, genital aperture one and a half times its length in
front of the equal anal aperture ; coxal plate with three lines each side,
the posterior one the shortest; a sharp-pointed tectopedium in front
of coxa I and one behind. Legs slender, the patella more slender
than other joints, especially in legs I and II, while the tibiae and tarsi
are rather enlarged, and besides the simple hairs have a few stout
spines; femora III and IV are very broad; claws three, the middle one
very much larger than the others: patellae and tibia- I and II each with
a large serrate spine on each side, that on the outer side the heavier.

Length, 0.7 mm.

From Falls Church, Virginia.

Galumna partita, new species.

Yellowish brown, a paler spot at base of abdomen. Cephalothorax
small, a broad hyaline lamella each side reaching to tip and extending
out in a sharp point; superior bristles short and straight, arising from a

8 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

transverse ridge; pseudostigmatic organ large, spatulate, semi-erect, and
projecting forward. Abdomen globose, without hairs, wings large and
deep, projecting forward, but not very long. Venter with the genital
aperture scarcely its length in front of the barely larger anal opening:
the genital broader than long and the anal also, but broadest behind.
Coxal plate with two short lines each side, hind margin of coxa IV not
distinct. Legs short, with simple hairs; three unequal claws.

Length, 0.3 mm.
Falls Church, Virginia.

The large pseudostigmatic organ reminds one of t>\ <inni-
pes, but it is otherwise quite different.

Galumna pterota, new species.

Pale yellowish. Elongate; cephalothorax rather large and long, no
trace of lamella on side, superior and inferior bristles distinct and quite
long; pseudostigmatic long and capitate. Abdomen smooth, without
hairs. Wings very large, elongate, evenly rounded beneath. Venter
smooth, genital aperture nearly twice its length in front of the much
larger anal aperture, the latter with an angulate mark in front of it;
sternal plate with three short lines each side, the middle one the long-
est, no posterior edge. Legs rather slender ; no thickened hairs, tarsi
very hairy, the penultimate joint rather swollen above near tip; hind
tibia- slightly curved above.

Length, 0.4 mm.

Falls Church, Virginia, under chips in woods, August 11.

Oribatella valida, new species.

Color dark red-brown, a prominent yellow spot at base of abdomen.
Cephalothorax with a broad lamella each side, truncate and close to-
gether at tip, the outer tip sharp-pointed and down-curved, but without
an apical bristle, inner with a very stout, thickened bristle; superior
bristles also heavy, arising from near the middle of cephalothorax;
pseudostigmatic organ long, clavate near the tip. Abdomen rather
elongate, narrowed behind, without hairs; wings large, inrolled, evenly
rounded below; a distinct tectopedium behind coxa I; genital aperture
fully once and a half its length in front of the much larger anal aper-
ture, the latter broader than long-; coxal plate with three lines each side,
the posterior one much shorter than the others. Legs rather slender, with
long, fine hairs; patella II with a very stout spine on the outer side
near tip, as long as the joint: claws three, unequal.

Length, 0.5 mm.
Great Falls, Virginia.

Related to (). si^uala. but the pseudostigmatic organ is
longer, and there is no bristle at the outer tip of lamella.

Or WASHINGTON-. YOLCMK XII, 1910.

Oribatella angusta, new species.

Dark red-brown. Body rather elongate, nearly twice as long as broad.
The cephalothorax with broad lamella each side reaching over the tip
of the head, emarginate at tip, and with a moderately long bristle.
Pseudostigmatic organ of moderate length, clavate at tip. Front of
dorsum of abdomen extending out on cephalothorax; wings rather long,
not very deep, margins entire, a fine bristle at shoulder and one above,
three each side near tip. Sternum with three lines each side, the mid-
dle one the longest. The genital opening touching coxa- IV, small, sub-
circular, twice its length in front of the much larger anal opening, the
latter as broad behind as long, but narrowed in front. Legs short, with
mostly simple hairs, some thickened serrate ones on the last and penul-
timate joints of legs I and II; hind legs very slender: claws three, unequal.

Length, 0.7 mm.

From nest of Keif on avcnin, at Austin, Texas (Brues).

Eremaeus modestus, new species.

Dark red-brown ; legs paler. Cephalothorax \\ith four very long bris-
tles: pseudostigmatic organ very short and capitate. Abdomen slightly
elongate, with a row of four submedian bristles each side and a marginal
row of five, and two on each shoulder, shorter than those of the sub-
median rows. Venter smooth, genital aperture reaching forward to
hind margin of coxa? II, circular, fully two and one-fourth times its
diameter in front of the larger anal opening. Sternum divided by line
in front, with a line each side; hind coxa- with a faint line reaching up
in front of the genital aperture. Front legs rather short, hind pairs
much longer, tarsi very hairy ; three equal claws.

Length, 0.65 mm.

\Vhittier, California, on orange (Mr. Ouayle).

Liacarus capitatus, new species.

Yellow brown, a pale Bellow spot at base of abdomen. A lamella
each side on the cephalothorax, and at tip a trans-lamella; superior and
inferior bristles stout, straight, and finely serrate, equal in length, and
about as long as the side lamella. Pseudostigmatic organ short, capi-
tate: Abdomen about one and a half times as long as broad, tapering
each wav: above each side with two rows of stout, finely serrate bris-
tles, three in inner row, five in outer row, one on humerus, a marginal
row. and rather shorter ones at tip, about thirty-four in all. Legs sk-n-
der, the basal joints with curved, finely serrate bristles, and the tarsi
rath,er shorter than the tibia-; three unequal claws. Venter smooth; the
genital opening a little longer than broad, fully one and two-thirds times
its length in front of larger anal aperture, the latter nearly circular. The

10 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

genital opening is only a little behind the suture behind coxae II; in
front of this suture is a line each side, and behind it is a shorter one;
the line to the hind coxae not distinct.

Length, 0.4 mm.

Many specimens sent by Prof. C. E. Sanborn from Still-
water, Oklahoma.

Liacarus medialis, new species.

Brown; legs paler, and a pale spot at base of abdomen and also on
middle area of the cephalothorax. Cephalothorax very small, subtri-
angular, a lamella each side, meeting at tip, and a narrower outer lam-
ella which at tip has a fine hair; superior bristles long, suberect, pseudo-
stigmatic organ rather long, enlarged at the middle. Abdomen elon-
gate, narrowed behind, shoulders weakly margined: two simple, humeral
bristles and one behind them ; on each posterior side margin are four
long, simple hairs, and above is a row of three each side. Three com-
plete lines on coxal plate, hind coxae distinctly outlined behind, indented
by the genital aperture, which is broader than long and fully two and
one-half times its length in front of the very much larger anal opening
the latter twice as long as the genital and a little longer than broad.
Legs slender, mostly with simple hairs, a stouter spine-like one from
patellae I and II; femur 1 1 broad and angled near tip, three unequal claws.

Length, 0.8 mm.
Falls Church, Virginia.

Oribata consimilis, new species.

In general appearance very similar to O. (Belba] minuta Bks., but
easily known therefrom by the short pseudostigmatic organ, very strongly
clavate at tip; in O. minuta it is nearly twice as long and only feebly
clavate at tip. The cephalothorax has three fine, simple hairs each side;
the abdomen has two rows each side, each row of four or five long, curved
simple bristles: rather larger than in O. tninuta; there are six or eight much
smaller ones rather closer together near the tip of the body. The legs
are rather longer than in O. minuta, and are provided with long, simple
hairs; the hind tarsi are plainly longer than tibia plus patella (in O.
minuta barely longer). The genital aperture is about once and a half
its length in front of the much larger anal opening.

Length, 0.5 mm.

From Great Falls, Virginia.

Nothrus terminalis, new species.

Pale yellowish-brown throughout. Cephalothorax constricted over
coxae I, tip truncate, with two very small curved bristles; pseudostig-
matic organ a long, simple bristle; near its base is a scale-like hair. Ab-
domen fully twice as long as broad, rather broader behind than at mid-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lulu 11

die, tip broadly rounded; dorsum with a median, oblong, shallow depres-
sion, no hairs apparent above; at tip are four clavate hairs and over the
base of each outer one is a smaller, inconspicuous one. Legs very
stout, especially the basal joints, roughened, all, except tarsal joints,
with a long, appressed, clavate, scale-like hair on each side: tarsi with
some simple hairs; patella- and tibia? Ill and IV with an irregular
swelling below; but one claw. Coxa? all distinct; venter with the geni-
tal and anal apertures approximate, the former the larger, much as in
N. anauniensis C. and F.

Length, 0.7 mm.

From Austin, Texas; in nest of Eriton cwcum (Brues).

Nothrus carinatus, new species.

Reddish yellow, legs paler. Cephalothorax narrowed near middle, but
blunt in front, with a pair of stiff, curved bristles near tip, a ridge each
side extending out to the pseudostigma ; the pseudostigmatic organ is a
moderately long bristle, finely serrate, but not clavate. Abdomen about
one and one-half times as long as broad, broadest behind the middle, on
the posterior side with four curved bristles each side, none clavate; a
short clavate humeral bristle, and a submedian row of four simple hairs;
two ridges each side on the dorsum; one is sub-median just within the
sub-median row of hairs, the other is sub-lateral, and curved outward
toward tip. Venter with the genital and anal apertures connate, the
latter nearly twice as long as the former; coxae all distinct, that of I and
II broad at base, III and IV pointed at base. Legs short, all joints
(except tarsi) with curved thickened bristles, but none clavate; tarsi
with many long, fine, simple hairs; one large claw.

Length, 0.7 mm.

From Great Falls, Virginia, under moss.

Hypochthonius texanus, new species.

Body about twice as long as broad, the sides of abdomen nearly par-
allel. Cephalothorax scarcely one-half as long as abdomen ; it shows
some grooves above and each side five fan-like hairs, one in front, one on
middle of lateral margin, one near posterior corner, one in front above
the margin, and one near the pseudostigmatic organ ; the latter is a sim-
ple bristle, not very long. The abdomen above shows four transverse
furrows, two rows each side of four fan-like hairs, one marginal, and the
other submarginal and six similar hairs around the posterior margin.
The genital aperture is square ; the anal is one and one-half times as long
as broad, as wide as the genital opening, and close to it; each flap, or
door, has four scale-like hairs upon it, the last the broadest, and each
side of the anus are two broad scales. The sternal region is very-
broad, so that the legs are widely separate, III pair at corners of a very
broad plate, IV pair rather closer together than III pair, and from a
plate longer in the middle. All legs short, and with scale-like hairs

12

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

from basal joints; femora III and IV each with three narrow scales
beneath.

Length, 0.4 mm.

Austin, Texas, in nest of Ecilon ca-cum (Brues).

Family TYROGLYPHID^.
Histiostoma tarsalis, new species.

Body about one and one-half times as long as broad, broadly rounded
behind, slightly tapering in front to the beak; dorsal surface smooth,
with a few very short bristles. Legs as long as body, front pairs thicker
than hind pairs. All tarsi very long, as long as the three preceding
joints taken together, extreme base of tarsi I and II show the sense-hair
and near it is a short, stout spine, other spines at middle and tip of tarsi
(as figured), the penultimate joint (tibia) of legs I and II has a long
bristle above beyond middle, the femora I, II, and IV have a short
spine beneath at middle, also under tiba- III and IV at middle.

Length, 0.35 mm.

Taken on Mus rattns by Dr. M. B. Mil/main; a Hypopits
(probably of the same species) attached to a rat flea, Ccra-
toph\llus fusciiiti-ts; all from Berkeley, California. This H\-
popns has been figured in Entomological News, 1909, p.
by Dr. Fox.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES I TO III.

FIG.

I. Gainasns frontalis, leg II

tarsus.
2. Oribata consimilis, pseu-

dostigma.

.'!. Oribatella angitsta.
4. Pteroptus echinipes.
•\ Raphignathus breins.
(i. Ornithodoros marginatus,

margin of body.
7. Liacarus medialis.
s. NotJirus tenninalis, end

of body, pseudostigma.
'.). Ornithodoros marginatns,

leus I and IV.
Id. Oribatella valida.

I 1. Hypochthonius texainis
12. HalaracJine attenitata,

sternum.

l:;. I'e/ops ti/na/is, details.
14. Pteroptus grossus.

FIG. !•">. Histiostoma tarsalis, de-
tails.

Iti. 'Macrocheles helvina.
17. NotJirns carinatus.
is. Gam asus predator, leg II.
I'.i. Gafnmna partita.
JO. G alumna pterota.

21. Liacarus capitatus.

22. Gamasns calcarator leg

II.
2.">. Ixodes trqualis, shield

capitulum.

J4. Lee laps longitarsus.
2.">. Kreiiiti'iis inodt'stus .

21 >. Gamasns calcarator, epi-

stome..
J7. Kronu'us modest its, leg

III.

28. Gamasns calcarator .
J'.t. Gamasns partitas.
:lo. La'laps

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASHINGTON

/OLUME XI), PLATE I

NEW AMERICAN MITES

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME XII, PLATE II

NEW AMERICAN MITES

PHOC. ENT. SUC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME XII, PLATE Mt

NEW AMERICAN MITES

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.UO. 13

The next paper, entitled "Notes on the Mosquitoes of Ar-
kansas," by J. K. Thibault, Jr., was read by Dr. Dyar and
discussed by Messrs. Dyar, Banks, Piper, and Schwarz.

NOTES ON THE MOSQUITOES OF ARKANSAS.

[Diptera, Culicida-.]
BY JAMKS K. THIBAULT, JR., Scott^ Arkansas.

The following notes are the result of observations made at
spare moments of time during the past four seasons. As noth-
ing has been published upon the mosquitoes of this region, it
is hoped that they may possess some value, although neces-
sarily very incomplete. The determinations have been revised
by Dr. Dyar and Mr. Knab, of the U. S. National Museum.

MITES ON MOSOUITOKS.

More or less every adult specimen of certain species is found
to be infested by a red mite very similar in general appearance
to those occasionally found on house flies, though for the
most part such will be the case only early in the season — spring.
The proportion of infested individuals among the various
species is very striking, Anopheles and Mausonia showing the
greatest number of infested individuals, likewise the greatest
number of mites per mosquito. The first Anop/iclc* and
Maufouia to hatch out show over 95 per cent of infested
specimens, and indeed it is well-nigh impossible to find a sin-
gle specimen that is not parasitized. (^ilr.\- aboiniiiator D.
& K., probably comes next, but in this case the mite is blue-
ish green — about the same shade as that seen in ("ulcx aboni-
iuaior itself when first hatched. This probably accounts for
the blue-green color of the otherwise red mite.

\ list the various species which I have found to be infested,
placing those showing the greatest percentage of infested in-
dividuals first in the list and so on in order:

AnopJieles crucians Wied.
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say.
Anopheles punctipennis Say .
Mansonia perturbans Walk.
Culex abominator D. & K.
Citlex territans Walk, (rarely).
Acdes triseriatus Say (only once).
Megarhinns xeptentrionalis I). & K. > . r.uvh >

Nearly all of the above-named species hibernate as adults,
and one might be led to believe that there was some connection
between this and the fact that they are so often parasitized, but

14 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

I do not think this is the case. I believe that it is more prob-
able that the mites attach themselves to the mosquitoes when
the latter are in the larval or pupal stage, perhaps both. I
once found three larvas of Culex abominator all having mites
upon them. These mites were of the typical red color, whereas
those found upon adult Culex abominator are invariably
bluish green. This difference in color is, I believe, to be ex-
plained by the fact that the larvae of this mosquito are not
green, even when found among vegetation of that color until
nearly full grown, after which, like the larvae and pupae of
Anopheles quadrimaculatus , they may be bright grass-green.

These mites lived for several days on the larvae, but when re-
moved from them and placed in water, they soon sank to the
bottom and died.

It is possible that the bluish-green mite of Culex abomina-
tor is a different species, for I have never found them of this
color on Anopheles quadrimaculatus: yet under similar cir-
cumstances the larvae, pupae, and freshly emerged adults of
this mosquito are also bright green.

It is certainly very probable that this mite destroys quite
a good many mosquitoes, and it is unfortunate that they do
not extend their operations throughout the season instead of
only the early part.

A good many species seem to be for the most part never
or only very rarely attacked at all.

MOSQUITOES AND FISH.

Personally I do not think that mosquitoes crer breed in the
presence of fish if the water is open, allowing the fish free ac-
cess to the larvae, yet it is a matter of common observation
that under certain favorable circumstances some species do
breed regularly in streams where fish are abundant. Yet even
where conditions are favorable only a very few species seem
to take advantage of it. vSo far as my own observations go,
the only mosquitoes that regularly do so in this locality are
Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culex abominator. Condi-
tions are favorable where the surface of the water becomes
carpeted with aquatic vegetation, which restrains the fish in
their movements, yet allows ample room and protection for
the larvae of the above-named species. There is a certain
deep, slowly running bayou here that is the main breeding
place for quadrimaculatus and abominator at present, while
two years ago not a larva could be found there at all. The
explanation is simple and may be given as a typical example
of its kind. Two years ago launches passed through this
bayou daily, and all logs and drift were removed as soon as

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1!J10. 15

found, so that the water had free passage and the pond weeds
found no foothold, except very near the banks, where the}'
were completely destroyed by stock. After the launches
stopped passing through this bayou, logs soon accumulated
and the pond weeds immediately took possession, so that
throughout the present season quadrimaculatus and abomi-
nator have bred continuously and abundantly in this bayou.

It must be noted in passing that the larvae, pupae, and
freshly emerged adults bred in such a location are invariably
bright grassy green in color, which gives them additional ad-
vantage of the fishes. This is not the case with larvae, etc.,
found in other places.

HOW MOSQUITOES ARK CARRIED FROM PLACE TO PLACE.

How mosquitoes are carried about by railway trains, steam-
ships, and the smaller river boats has been mentioned by vari-
ous writers and need not be repeated here; but the important
part played in mosquito dissemination by smaller convey-
ances has, it seems, been overlooked for the most part. I must
not fail to mention in these brief notes that mosquitoes are
constantly being transported over the country by buggies,
covered wagons, and, even in the case of Aedes evanescent,
on the backs of horses; and I must add that the}7 are carried
for considerable distances, too. I have known Anopheles
ijnadrimaculatus and Culex abominator to be quite frequently
carried 40 miles in a day, and as they will not leave a vehicle
while it is in motion, it will be seen that they may travel
even greater distances. Aedes cvanescens is the only species
that travels extensively on horses or other animals ; likewise
the only species which never voluntarily quits biting, once it
has started. This is why it is so frequently carried from
place to place on live stock.

I have found the following species to travel in buggies, etc:

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (constantly).

Culer abominator D & K. (constantly).

Culex quinquefasciatus Say (very often).

Culex restuans Theob. (very often).

Aedes cyanescens Coq. (very often).

Anopheles punctipennis Say (very often).

Anopheles crucians Wied (seldom).

Coelodiazesis barberi Coq. (seldom).

Culex tarsalis Coq. (seldom).

Mansonia pertitrbans Walk, (often).

Culex peccator D. & K. (once only, male).

Acdes calopus Meig. (quite often).

Aedes thibaulti D. & K. (twice only, male and female).

16 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LIST OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED IN LONOKE AND PULASKI

COUNTIES, ARKANSAS.

Aedes fuscus Osten Sacken.

Very abundant, along with territans anAsylvestris, in weeds
and grass. Also about dwellings. The)- do not bite. Males
appear first and are at all times more abundant than females.
To be found throughout spring and summer, most abundantly
from April to June. I know little of their breeding habits.

Uranotaenia sapphirina Osten Sacken.

One of the most abundant mosquitoes here, though not
generally in evidence, except to those who know where to find
them. In weeds and grass in damp places, especiall)' along
the wet mud at margins of streams. Require much moisture
and will not live long without it. Do not bite, .so far as I
know, though in the late fall the females come about houses
in fair numbers and will alight on a person's hand or clothes
indifferently, but do not attempt to bite. Taken from April
1 to frost.

Aedes discolor Coquillett.

Have never taken but one specimen. This was a female
and was biting. Taken in a cornfield. Know nothing of
their habits otherwise.

Aedes columbiae Dyar <S: Knab.

Quite abundant and annoying near breeding-places. Prefers
open fields and large open marshes to woods; often about
dwellings; will bite either at midday or perhaps more fre-
quently in evening; very troublesome to live stock; seldom
taken indoors. Taken as early as May, but is not abundant
until summer as a rule. Seldom taken in fall. Females taken
more often than males.

Mansonia perturbans Walker.

Very abundant and troublesome at times. Taken in thick-
ets, preferring open fields and low marshes. Taken at inter-
vals from May till fall, mostly in June. Males and females
appear at about the same time. \Yill bite whenever they get a
chance, but are worst toward night. I know very little of the
breeding habits. They appear to breed in semi-permanent
pools and are quite abundant in large marshes. Also in
ditches. Knter dwellings quite often. Taken on the ' 'bench,
Mount Nebo, Arkansas, also.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1<>](>. 17

Aedes cyanescens Coquillett.

Very abundant in suitable localities after rains, in fields,
thickets, and about dwellings. Does not enter dwellings. The
appearance of this mosquito immediately after rains is so
strikingly characteristic that even people who never pay much
attention to such things notice it. They are out in force for
several days after a rain and then only a few will be found
until the next rain.

The most annoying of all mosquitoes when occurring abun-
dantly, not only to human beings, but to all kinds ot stock.
They are very persistent and hard to kill unless you hit them
a real hard blow. The only mosquito, so far as I know, that
will at all times come out into the sunshine on the very hot-
test days and bite. They gorge themselves until they literally
fall to the ground, almost unable to fly at all. They never
z'olnntan'lv quit biting, but stay in the same place for hours
(on horses especially) until literally pulled off. In this way
they travel for miles on horses and cattle. In September of
this year they made cotton picking and road work impossible
in places here. They stay in grass and bushes and as soon as
these are disturbed they sally forth in swarms. I have sat
quietly for an hour where I knew them to be abundant and
scarcely saw one, but when I would get up and walk around
and shake up the grass and bushes and then sit down again
they would immediately cover me. This is partly true of all
the out-of-doors mosquitoes. Abundant at intervals from last
of May till October.

Aedes discrucians Walker.

Either the entire fourth tarsal may be white, or only a
broad basal band, and often this only shows from above.
Habits and habitat about same assdyt. Scarce here and taken
generally in thickets and woods. A greedy biter, though not
as bad as sayi. Taken at about the same time of the season
and under pretty much the same circumstances.

Aedes sayi Dyar & Knab.

Very abundant in thickets and woods. I have taken them
also in grass in the business and residence portion of Little
Rock. Breeds in transient pools in fields and woods. Always
more abundant after rains. Taken in the cotton and corn
fields and about dwellings, but prefers woods and thickets.
Does not enter dwellings to any extent, and then only by ac-
cident, apparently. One of the most persistent as well as

18 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

painful biters. Also troublesome to stock. I have let one
settle down on my hand and get to biting and then picked its
legs off one by one without disturbing it in the least. One
will escape from the mosquito trap and settle at once on the
hand and commence biting. Males generally appear first, fe-
males later. After first weeks of May, locally abundant until
frost.

Aedes horridus Dyar & Knab.

Habits and habitat about same as sayi. Very much more
scarce.

Aedes tormentor Dyar & Knab.

Scarce as a rule, though locally abundant at times. In woods
and thickets. A persistent biter. Breeds in water containing
vegetation, transient and otherwise. Sometimes seen about
dwellings, though it does not enter them to any extent. A
summer mosquito, though some taken as early as May and as
late as October.

Aedes dupreei Coquillett.

Habitat about same as tormentor. I have not found them
to bite. Scarcer than tormentor. Only taken occasionally at
about same time and places as tormentor.

Aedes infirmatus Dyar & Knab.

Locally abundant at intervals. Mostly after rains. In
woods and thickets. Sometimes about dwellings. Does not
enter houses extensively. A summer mosquito. Taken at
about same time and in same places as tormentor. A per-
sistent biter ; quite annoying where it is plentiful.

Aedes pretans Grossbeck.*

An early mosquito, sometimes abundant in suitable places.
In thickets and grassy places and about dwellings. Does not
enter houses. Breeds in transient grassy pools in fields and
thickets. An eager biter. Taken in March, April, and May,
and after rains throughout the summer, though only sparingly
after May. Males appear first and are at all times more
plentiful than the females.

Aedes sylvestris Theobald.

Very abundant and at times annoying, though when you
consider how abundant it really is, it does not seem very blood-

* No specimens sent. to Washington. — H. G. DYAR.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.llO. 19

thirsty. Found always in low vegetation. Seems to prefer grass.
Does not enter dwellings to any extent, but comes into open
porches and is sometimes troublesome early in spring. Breeds
in clean, transient pools, preferring those in which there is grass
and other living vegetation. One of the early mosquitoes.
Taken in March, April, and throughout the summer, though not
so abundantly as earlier. Also in fall as late as December 15.
Some have the posterior tarsal claws toothed, while others
have them simple, but I see no other difference in the two.
Also from Mount Nebo.

Aedes canadensis Theobald.

Very scarce and local. Does not bite as readily as sylvestri*.
Habits and habitat appear about same as svlvestris, though
cttiunieiisis appears to like woods. Taken at about the same
time and in pretty much the same places as sylrcttris.

Aedes thibaulti Dyar & Kuab.

Very scarce here. I have taken only a few. In thickets

and woods, also about dwellings and in buggies. Habits very

little known. My specimens taken in April and May. Males
appear first.

Aedes triseriatus Say.

Abundant at times and very troublesome in thickets and
woods, also about houses. Comes into porches quite frequently,
though seldom entering dwellings. Bite is quite painful.
Breeds in tree-holes. Hibernates as larvae. Appears early
and is to be found throughout the spring, summer, and early
fall. Males appear first. I have them from Mount Nebo also.

Aedes calopus Meigen.

Habits mostly well known. Taken here only in and near
cities until 1908, when a few made their appearance at points
along the river bottoms a good way from Little Rock. Over-
flow probably accountable for this sudden spread. They do
not do very well in the country, except about dwellings. Are
summer mosquitoes, though sometimes taken as early as
April ; mostly from July to September. Never seen after cold
weather, though they are said to hibernate as adults. I
really believe that they are tropical mosquitoes and everything
goes to show that they have been brought here from farther
south. I have them also from Dardanelle and Mount Nebo,
Arkansas.

20 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Culiseta inornatus Williston.*

A winter mosquito, quite abundant in season. Bites fre-
quently, preferring to bite horses and cattle to human beings.
Very annoying to horses. Bites night or day, mostly evening
and night. Breeds in rain-barrels and large and small perma-
nent and transient bodies of water. Seems to prefer open
fields to woods. Very early, January, February, March,
and April. Not taken after May until October. Also No-
vember and December. Larvae and pupae found in February
during warm weather. They swarm about low weeds at dusk,
the swarms composed for the most part of males.

Culex peccator Dyar & Knab.

Found in hollow trees and caves. Abundant in such places,
though seldom taken elsewhere. They do not seem to enter
houses or bite. I have been unable to find where they breed
or secure larvae. Taken from June to October.

Culex abominator Dyar & Knab.

Very abundant and troublesome. Taken in woods, out-
houses, and even in dwellings. Always in company with .-I.
quadrimaculatus . Breeds in permanent bodies of water, pre-
ferring those thickly overgrown with aquatic plants. Breeds
in company with A. c/iiadn'mciciilatus. Taken from last
weeks in March till after fro^t. Females appear first ; males
after June 10, generally.

Culex tarsalis Coquillett.

Scarce. Taken in weeds and about houses in early spring
and in fall. Seldom taken in summer. I know very little of
their habits and do not know where they breed, except some
times in rain-barrels.

Bancroftia signifer Coquillett.

Abundant near breeding-holes. Very secretive, hiding in
trees and especially fond of hiding in crevices in the bark of
trees. Breeds in tree-holes. Enters dwellings and bites fre-
quently. Taken in suitable places throughout spring and
summer. About dwellings in spring and fall. Males generally
appear first.

* .Specimens not sent to Washington, but I have no doubt of the
correctness of the determination. — H. G. DYAR.

OF WASHINGTON, VOI.UMK XII, !ll|ll. 21

Culex territans Walker.

Rather abundant early iu the year in suitable places. Found
in low vegetation in woods and about houses. Breeds in any
accumulation of water. Prefers rain-barrels and transient
pools, along with restuans and quinquefasciatus. Very seldom
enters dwellings ; does not bite, so far as I know. An early
species, becoming scarce in summer. Taken in March, April,
and May; then again in September and October.

Culex restuans Theobald.

The very commonest mosquito about houses, but I believe
wrongly accused of being a biter of man. It is an early species
here and is replaced later by (\ quinquefasciatus, which is the
real culprit. Habits well known. Taken here last of March,
April, May, and first of June; then again in fall. Does not
bite human beings very much, though it enters dwellings.
Seems to prefer poultry and live stock, also juices of plants.

Culex quinquefusciatus Say.

Found about dwellings. Very abundant. Puts in its ap-
pearance generally after restuans has disappeared. Enters
dwellings readily and bites always, though mostly at night.
Breeds in any water, even very foul, and in fact seems to pre-
fer filthy water. So far as I can see this species is the cause of
most of the charges laid \.o pipiens. Taken here May, June,
July, August, September, and October; mostly in July and
August.

Psorophora ciliata Fabricius.

Most abundant of the two Psorophora here. Sometimes
locally quite abundant. A fierce biter, entering dwellings,
most 1 )' at night, seemingly attracted to the lights, though it
never fails to bite when indoors. Breeds in large marshes and
also local transient pools. Prefers open fields to woods, though
often found in both places. Taken in May, June, Jnl\T, Aug-
ust, and September; mostly in July and August.

Psorophora howardii Coquillett.

Not as abundant as ciliata. Habits about the same. Breeds
in same places. Is an eager biter also. Both species bite
either day or night. Taken at the same time as riliaia and
in same places.

22 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Aedes bimaculatus Coquillett.

Very rare and apparently confined to certain particular lo-
calities. Comes about dwellings and in open porches. A
fierce biter. Only a few specimens taken; these in July and
September.

Megarhinus septentrionalis Dyar & Knab.

The only Megarhinus taken here. Scarce as a rule, but
locally abundant about favorite breeding-holes. Breeds in
hollow trees and logs with triseriatus (Say) and signifer (Coq.)
Is cannibalistic, preying on other larvae of its own and different
species. Does not bite, so far as I know. Enters dwellings
at night only where lights are lit. Does not enter at all by
day, except sometimes when it is raining. Females seldom
taken in the field and I do not understand just why. I find
the males of a certain locality all go to some certain tree or bush
and are always to be found there, yet not a single female will
be seen. I have looked at all times of the day and before
day and after night. I took all my males (a hundred or so)
on some poison ivy that grew on a hackberry tree 100 yards
from the breeding log. I could always find them here after
they just made their appearance and nowhere else. The most
of them were taken from the same bunch of leaves; but not
a female did I ever see there. The females came to my lamp
sometimes at night and I think perhaps they are only out at
night. I found the same peculiar habits with this mosquito in
other parts of the country where I have been. Taken in July,
August, September, and October ; a few in June.

Anopheles walked Theobald.*

This is perhaps only a variety of ,1, quadrimaculatus. It is
decidedly darker over entire body and the palpi are plainly
ringed with white on the apices of the segments. The dif-
ference in habits is, however, quite as noticeable as the ap-
pearance of the two. I have never taken walkeri indoors, and
have taken it about dwellings only seldom, and these dwell-
ings were in woods. I have taken it in woods and open fields.
I have never seen a male and have not taken it with quadri-
macnlalus. It is very scarce at all times. I have taken them
in December, June, and July. They were always eager biters.

Anopheles punctipennis Say.

Next in abundance to .4. quadrimaculatus in the bottoms;
more abundant than the latter in Little Rock and the adjoin-
ing hill country. Breeds in springs, pools, and larger bodies

* Specimens not sent to Washington. The species is distinguished by
the white rings on the palpi, which Mr. Thibault mentions. His identi-
fication is therefore obviously correct. — H. G. DYAK.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, IKK).

23

of water containing vegetation; not in transient pools. Also
breeds to some extent in rain-barrels, boats, and the like. At
times troublesome in dwellings; always so out of doors, where
they occur. Are eager biters. Enter dwellings mostly after
frost and very early in spring. Frequents outhouses and stables,
where they are very annoying to poultry and live stock. Col-
lected here as follows:

Temperature

Temperature

I hilt-
Max,

Min.

Max.

Min.

11 106. (a) Kahr.

May 1-10

0 Fa lir.

52
49
60
33

68
48
50
(52
58

64
53
54
40
36
55
51

57
36

:;i

47
36
39
48
4(1
50
55

65
60
60

1908. (e) > K:, in-.
May 1 (56

0 Kahr.
44
50

59

44
37
49
48
37
64
41
(14
51
46
4S
48
56
(il
52
49
49
50
55

59
62

71
42
(14
71
62
4(1

Dec. 2-16

2 7s

1907. (b)

Jan 2 (c) lio

Oct 1-8

Nov 2

ii 70

Dec °9

7 78

I'.MJK. (/)

Jan 10 (Hi

S . till

Mar ->6 84

Apr 15 54

14 4S

•'(> 7(i

•>0 51

May 10-14 (d] ... 79
21 78

Feb 4 us

5 (>•>

June 1-16

11 63

28 76

13 7:;

Oct 17 68

Mar. 26 75

Nov 8 . 74

Apr 6 75

28 56

7 63

Dec °0 4''

s 55

•?g gg

11 7"

29 . 65

15 77

1KOS. (e)
Jan 29 .... 61

16 80

is S2

20 ' (il

93 41

•>2 '12

•'.") 57

•>3 63

28 68

•>4 79

Feb 6 ... 63

•'5 71

7 65

"(1 7(1

S . 1 11 1

"7 SI

Apr 4 ... 5S

•'K 7S

5 7''

May 1

(1 79

Sept. ''I 84

7 S4

•>•> KO

10 s:;

•':; 7:;

11 6(1

•>S 70

12 24

(<i) Only a little- collectini:- done iii I'.Kiii.

(<*>) First males taken April l.~>; no males taken in tall. (<•) Female-.

(<l) Temperature for four days. (e) First males taken April 4; none in tall.

(/) A very lew in May: taken .lime 5, and no more till Seph mlier I'l. Takt-n
also' in OctolJer. First males taken April 7; none in tall.

NOTI-:.— The dates and temperatures are only thos" mi which the specie^ j^
" about," for If properly searched for they can lie I'onnil iill the- >ear round. 'l'hi~
applies to otlier species that hiheriliite as adults.

24 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Ccelodiazesis barberi Coquillet.

Smallest of the Anopheles here, and scarce at all times. En-
ters dwellings readily, and is a persistent biter, very nervous,
and seldom finishes its meal atone time, even if undisturbed,
but gets its meal a little here and a little there, as it were.
They breed in tree-holes. Eggs 0.45 by 0.15 mm., very similar
to other Anopheles eggs. I have taken them indoors and
out in March, April, May, October, and November, I have
this mosquito from Mount Nebo, Arkansas, 1,500 feet up on
the "bench."

Anopheles crucians Weidemann.*

Except that this species is scarcer and more retiring than
A. punctipennis, there is little difference in habits. They
seldom enter dwellings here. Occurs along with A. pitnc-
tipennis, and the dates and temperature given for that species
applies to this one also.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say.

Most abundant of the Anopheles here and as abundant
about dwellings in the bottoms as any mosquito. Breeds in
bayous and small lakes, even those containing fish if the water
is covered with floating weeds; also in pretty much any ac-
cumulation of water that stands for a considerable time in rain-
barrels and cisterns, boats, and barges. Enters dwellings
always. May be said to live in houses as much as human beings.
Also in hollow trees and logs. A greedy biter at all times,
though worse at night. Will not bite in hot sunshine, so far
as I know. This is, so far as I have been able to ascertain,
the only malaria carrier here. Neither .-1 . crucians nor . 1 . punc-
tipennis are in evidence at the time malaria is most abundant,
and they do not enter dwellings to any extent, except in win-
ter. C. barberi is here at the right time and enters dwellings
extensively, but is very scarce. Of the several hundred cases
of malaria I have seen in the past four years, only A. <.]i«id-
rimacnlatiis could be proved responsible. .1. -calkerii Theob.
is possibly only a variety of .1. quadrimaculatus, but I have
never taken one indoors. .1. quadrimaculatus is taken on the
"bench," Mount Nebo, Arkansas; also on top, 1,500 feet or
more. Collected as follows:

* Specimens not sent to Washington. — H. G. DYAK.

OF WASHINGTON, YOM.'MK XII, l!t|i).

Date

Temperature

hate

Temperal lire

Max. .Min.

Max. Min.

1906. (,/i
Nov. 24-''9

0 Falir. " Kahr. I'-IUS. (c)

Apr 1

Kalir. Kahr.
76 OS
o7 41 1

:>s ic,
22 on

66 ")9

70 19
1 4 6.'!

72 6:;
72 :>s
.->»} i:;

61 46
li:> ol'
7.'! 64
70 :!'.»
71
72 od
78 1^
7o 64
6:; :>i
5o 46
66 :!7
64 4::

74 4S

,

Dec 3- 7

19(17. </»
Ian. 2...

. . 60 .V

4

1909.
Jan Id

Ii.", .'V'

i;;

Feb. 28

(V o7

"1

May 10

76 4''

23

Dec. 29

( i."> ."> 1

"4

190S. (C)

Jan. 21

ii" 46

"ii

"7

22

61 ."il

28

Feb o

6" 48

Feb 1.'!

6."> :;(i

"(i

s

(ill is

•'1 ..

M

61 47

Mar l.S.

!:;

63 o4

Apr. .">...

14

69 46

is

6" :;ii

Mar. 7

66 :>i

s

75 47

Hi *

84 .V.)

10

17

S4 f i.'i .

IS

S7 6s

i't) Very little collecting in 11)06.
i''1 Ijitire month of May. Some cases of malaria in last of month — probabl.\
infections carried over from preceding fall. Entire months of June. July, August,
September, October, mid November. First males April 10; last in < >ctober.
(<•) April titoMii, entire months of May, June, July, August. September, October.
November; some in December. Most abundant iii June, Julv, August, and Sep-
tember. First males April 4; no males after October 25.
(fo April 12 to 80, entire months of May. June. July, August, September. Octo-
ber, etc. First malaria, last of May and iir-,t of June. First males. April r> : none

alter ( Icli >l per.

Only dates on which mosquitoes are active are given above.
They are here the entire year and bite in warm weather, even
in December and January.

Mr. Busck said that the finding of Megarhinus males abun-
dant without finding any females was not new; this had already
been recorded by Mr. Knab. In Dublin, N. H., during the
season of 1909, at least 99 per cent of the larvae of Mansonia
pertnr/xni* were attacked by mites. This species of mosquito
in the above locality was breeding in only a few localities, but
nevertheless it was to be found everywhere.

26 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Mr. Banks stated that the mites fouud on mosquitoes were
Hydrachnidse, and in this country mostly belong to the genus
Eylais. In Madagascar one observer found that the mites
transferred themselves with each moult to the successive
stage ; where the mites attached to the adult it meant their
death, as they can not live out of water.

Dr. Dyar remarked that the ability of mosquitoes to de-
posit fertile eggs before being fed on blood differed with the
various species. Acdcs calopus is not able to deposit fertile
eggs till blood-fed.

-The last paper of the evening, " Some notes concerning
Rafinesque's papers on Aphididse in American Monthly Maga-
zine, Vols. I and III, 1817 and 1818," by H. F. Wilson, was
discussed by Messrs. Schwarz, Banks and Gill.

A NEW EUCLEA.

[Lepidoptera, Cochlidiidae.]

Mr. Schaus obtained in Esparta, Costa Rica, a single male
of a small Eticlea, very close to Euclea cuspostriga from the
Guianas. It differs, however, in the shape of the subbasal
silver mark, which is a slender thread, bent outward in the
middle, instead of a short, thick cusp. I suggest the name
Euclea trichathdota for this form. Type, No. 13075, U. S.
National Museum. --HARRISON G. DYAR.

A CORRECTION.

On page 185 of the last volume of these Proceedings, occurs
an unfortunate clerical mistake, which I had no opportunity
to discover in time. The first letter of the generic name
Isocorypha was lost in the proof-sheets, and the synonym
Socorypha thus inadvertently created. — AUGUST. BUSCK.

OF \VASH1NCTON, YOLUMK XII, I'.llll. 27

•

NOTES ON THE TWO PAPERS ON APHIDID^E BY

RAFINESQUE.

BY H. F. WILSON.

These papers were published in the American Monthly
Magazine and Critical Review, Vol. I, 1817, pp. 16-18, and
Vol. Ill, 1818, pp. 360-302.

In the first paper he described 12 new species and erected
two genera. In the second he described 24 additional species and
two new genera.

^T do not understand why these papers should have been so
long overlooked or ignored. It is true that the descriptions
are short, yet the names will have to be accepted in aphid
nomenclature, and some, if not all, of the species described
are distinguishable. During the past summer an effort was
ma le to locate some of these species, by collecting specimens
from the plants named by Rafinesque and comparing them
with his descriptions. I was partially successful and am con-
vinced of the identity of the species indicated in this paper.
All of the species were placed in genera and groups according
to the length of the antennae and appendages (nectaries).

The apterous forms were considered to be females and the
winged forms males.

A few species given as not having appendages may not be
recognizable. The descriptions were numbered from 1 to 36,
and I have started with No. 1, making a note under each
species. Those species before which the asterisk (*) is given
were not located by me. Another season an effort will be
made to locate these.

LIST OF SPECIES.

1. * Aphis diervilla-lutea Raf., p. .'!(>( >.

•1. * Aphis ar alia his pi da Raf., p. 3<iO.

:;. * Aphis aquilegia-canadensis Raf., p. :'>(>!.

4. Aphis hieraciiim-venosum Raf.. p. :->i>1.

.">. * Aphis melampyrum-latifolium Raf., p. .'-!(> 1.

i). Aphis pteris-aquilinoides Raf., p. 361.

7. Aphis campanula-riparia Raf.. p. :!(il.

8. * A phis chenophyllum-canadense Raf., p. :!i>l.
'.i. * Aphis erigeron-philadelphicum Raf., p. :;<>!.

In. Aphis verticolor Raf., p. .">.'!!., on Hieracium -venosuni and Cii '/nv .

acerus.

11. * Aphis furceps Raf., p. .'!<>!, on Primula veris and Bellis perennis.
1-J. •• Aphis fuscilava Raf., p. o<>l, on garden plants. Apparently not

an aphid. (List of first paper, 1S17.)

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

K!. Aphis rosa-suaveolens Raf., p. lii.

14. Aphis diplepha Raf., p. Hi, on roses.

15. * Aphis rhodryas Raf., p. Hi, on wild roses.
Hi. Aphis viburnum-opttlus Raf., p. Hi.

17. Aphis viburnum-acerifolium Raf., p. Hi.

18. Aphis crataegus-coccinea Raf., p. Hi.
I'.t. Aphis cornus-stricta Raf., p. Hi.

20. Aphis populus-grandidentata Kaf., p. Hi.

I'l. Aphis populus-trepida Raf., p. Hi.

22. ApJiis jacobea^balsamita Raf., p. Hi.

1'.'!. Aphis oreaster Raf., p. 17, on Aster simplex.

-4. Aphis erigeron-strigosum Raf., p. 17.

i'.~i. Aphis gibbosa Raf., on Solidago odora.

i-'ii. Aphis .\-anthelis Raf., p 17, on Solidago nemoralis.

_7. Apliis aniinlipes Raf., p. 17, on Hieracium gronvri and H. pauicii-

l nt um.

2s. Aphis hieracium-paniculatum Raf., p. 17.
•_".i. Aphis verbena-hastata Raf., p. 17.

in. Aphis polanisia-graveolens Raf., p. 17.

. *Apltis arabis-mollis Raf., p. 17.

il*. * Aphis poly gala-senega Raf., p. 17.
. Aphis brassica-napus Raf., p. 17.

!4 * Aphis erigeron-canadense Raf., p. 17.

!.">. * Aphis ambrosia Rat., p. 17, on Ambrosia.

Hi. * Aphis acaroides Raf., p. 17, on Lepidicum virginiiuin L.

In the first paper the genus Loxerates was suggested for
species 1 and 9. For species 12 the name Cliidoxus was given.

In the second paper he gives species 1 for the genus
.Loxerates. This would make species 1 as the type (Ap/i/s
tlierviUa-liiteci) .

Two additional genera were suggested in this paper-
Adtictviiiis (species 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19", 23, 24, 27, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36), and Dadynns (species
20, 21 ( = Chaitophorus},22, 25, 26, 28 ( — Macros iphnnn,
29, and 30.

Mastapoda pteris-aquilinoides Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis pteris-aquilinoides Raf.)
( Mastapoda pteridis O e s t km d . )
Hyalopterus rosa suaveolens Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis rosa-suaveolens Raf.)
(Aphis tiquilegi(F-flava Kittel.)
(Aphis trirroda Walker.)
{Hyalopterus aquilegiae Koch.)
{Hyalopterus aquilegiae-flava Hayluirst.)

<>K \VASHI.\( ;T<>\, YOI.UMK XII, lllll). 29

Aphis 'viburnum Scopoli.

Syn.: {Aphis viburnum-opulus Raf.)

(Aphis viburnum acerifoliu in Raf.)
(Aphis •viburnicola (Jill.)
Aphis crataegus-coccinea Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis crataegifoliir Fitrh.)
Aphis cornns-stricta Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis cornifolice. Fitch.)
( 'liaitophorus popuhts-grandidentata Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis populus-grandidentata Raf. i

( Chaitophorus populifolitz Fi tch . )
Chaitophorus populus-trepida Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis populus-trepida Raf.)

(Chaitophorus populicola Thos.)
Aphis brassicae Linn.

Syn.: (Aphis brasica-napus Raf.)
Macrosiphum annulipes Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis annulipes Raf.)

(?Aphis hieracium-'uenosum Raf.)

(? 'Aphis caiupanula-riparia Raf. i

(f Aphis verticolor Raf.)

(Aphis erigeron-strigosum Raf.)

(Aphis gibbosa Raf. I

(Aphis hieracium-paniculatum Raf.)

(Siphonophora rudbeckiae Fitch.)

In listing the above species, I place a question mark (?)
before 4 species on account of the variation which Rafiuesqtie
gives to antennae and nectaries. Considering the fact that
Rafinesque considered the winged specimens as males, and
speaks of the males in one species being larger than the females,
he must have at times considered immature specimens as
females ; such specimens correspond to the above questionable
names (descriptions). In one description he mentions the
fact that the appendages grow longer as the individuals ma-
ture. In yet another description he mentions that the*antenna
are longer than the body and the appendages are very short.
This species apparently was a Macrosiphum and I have so
considered it.

Macrosiphum rosae Linn.

Syn.: (Aphis diplepha Raf.)
Macrnsiphiin oreastcr Raf.

Syn.: (Aphis oreaster Rat.)

(Aphis jiicobea-bakamita Raf.)
(Aphis xanthelis Raf.)
(Siphonophorce ambrosia Thomas.)

30 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

I feel that I should apologize for reviving these papers, but
systematic workers will see that they must be considered and
those having access to them should make an effort to identify
as many species as possible.

Considerable discussion followed on the advisability of
adopting Rafinesque names.

A NEW GENUS OF SAWFLIES FROM CHILE.

[Hymenoptera, Tenthridinida?]
BY S. A. ROHWKR.

Trichotaxonus, new gxmus.

Belongs to Emphytinas of Dr. A. D. MacGillivray.

Head, thorax, venter, and legs with long hairs; head transverse, the
vertex raised as in many Nematids ; eyes oval, prominent, subparallel :
malar space wanting: clypeus truncate, mandibles long, slender; anten-
na? 9-jointed, pedicel much longer than wide, but little longer than the
scape, third joint longer than the fourth : thorax normal ; basal plates
widely separate at apex: abdomen of the usual type: hind basitarsis
much shorter than the following joints: claws with two large, inner
teeth ; anterior wings of the normal type, transverse median in the mid-
dle of the discoidal cell : hind wings with a surrounding nervure, no
closed discal cells, lanceolate cell petiolate, M.. leaving the anal nervure
at an obtuse angle.

Type: Trichotaxonus rccdi Rohwer.

The male of this genus is unknown, but there can be no
doubt that it would be much like the female.

Trichotaxonus reedi, new species.

Female. — Length S mm. Middle fovea and ocellar basin shallow,
with low, rounded walls; postocellar area raised ; head and thorax shin-
ing : scutellum with a few large punctures : scutellar appendage polished,
impunctate ; stigma broader at base: transverse radius strongly curved,
hypopygidium rounded at apex. Black; abdomen beyond basal plates,
except two apical segments, and hind femora yellow-red: four anterior
tibine at base whitish, the rest and their tarsi pale brown. Wings dusky:
venation dark brown: hair black,

Tvpe locality: Chile. Collected by Mr. E. C. Reed.
Tvpc: Cat. No. 13076, U. S. National Museum.

CORRECTION FOR PAGE :•',().

The description in the article entitled "A New Genus of Sawfliesfrom
Chile" should read as follows:

The female of this genus is unknown, but there can be no
doubt that it would be much like the male.

Trichotaxonus reedi, new species.

Male, — Length S mm. Middle fovea and ocellar basin shallow, [etc.]

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 31

MEETING OF DECEMBER 2, 1909.

The 235th regular meeting of the Society was entertained
by the bachelor members at the Saengerbund Hall, 314 C
street Northwest, on the evening of December 2, 1909, and
there were present Messrs. Barber, Burke, Crawford, Dyar,
Ely, Hall, Hammar, Heidemann, Hopkins, T. H. Jones,
Patten, E. F. Phillips, Popenoe, Rohvver, Sanders, Sasscer,
Vickery, Yiereck, Webb, Webster, and Wilson, members, and
Messrs. Bourne, C. W. Hooker, Snyder, and Wildemuth,
visitors.

^

The Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer submitted his report,
which was accepted and referred to an auditing committee.

The chairman of the publication committee reported the
publication of three numbers of the current volume of pro-
ceedings and that the last number was in the hands of the
printer.

Messrs. J. S. Zimmer and Y. L. Wildermuth, of the Bureau
of Entomology, and H. A. Allard, of the Bureau of Plant
Industry, were elected active members of the Society, and Mr.
W. T. Davis, of New Brighton, Staten Island, New York, a
corresponding member.

The officers for the year 1909 were reflected for the year
1910.

The first paper of the evening, "A Painful Skin Disease
Caused by a Predaceous and Supposedly Beneficial Mite," by
Mr. F. M. Webster,* was discussed by Messrs. Burke, Phillips,

and Hall.

A paper entitled, "Musical Katydids in North Georgia," by

H. A. Allard, was read by Mr. Barber and discussed by
Messrs. Hammar and Barber.

*Withdrawn for publication elsewhere.

PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

MUSICAL CRICKETS AND LOCUSTS IN NORTH

GEORGIA.

[Orthoptera, Gryllida- and Locustida-.]
BY H. A. ALLARD.

4

(Plate IV.)

Birds, as a class, are true vocalists; insects, on the other
hand, are, without exception instrumental musicians. The
latter, as a rule, produce their notes or songs, popularly so-
called, by some combination of leg or wing movement. The
more musical trillers, as the crickets of the genera Gryllus,
Nemobius, and Oecanthus, make use of thin, glassy, highly
specialized wing surfaces furnished with definite smooth areas
and serrate ridges. During the singing act these wing surfaces
are moved rapidly on each other, producing the familiar strident
trillings of midsummer. Among the birds the males usually
possess the powers of song. Likewise the males alone, among
the insects are capable of furnishing the distinctive notes of
the species. Incidentally, the human ear may catch these
varied trillings, and the responsive mind is awakened to tender
emotions; yet the sole functions of these musical expres-
sions of different insects are' mainly concerned with the mating
activities of the creatures which produce them.

In comparison with birds and bird songs, insect music is lit-
tle appreciated or understood. Diminutive, shy, and often-
times exclusively tree-dwellers, the presence of many of our
musical insects is seldom evident except by their notes. In
truth, a carefully trained ear and mind are almost indispensa-
ble to enable one to detect and discriminate readily from the
general insect medley any particular species of musician. It
is not unusual to find persons whose auditory mechanism is
quite incapable of recording the exceedingly high-pitched notes
of some insects. In other words, the notes do not exist for
them; they are deaf to any sounds beyond a certain pitch.

As with many bird notes and bird songs, much of the charm
and pleasure to be gotten from insect music depends upon the
emotional coloring associated with it. We are enraptured
with the notes of the first peewee, or the early piping of the
frogs, not because of any intrinsic sweetness in the notes them-
selves, but because of endearing memories of many spring-
times. They are always the harbingers of a new springtime,
and their plaintive notes add to our minds an emotional warmth
and sunshine that no other notes can afford.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lull I.

The crickets and katydids, too, gladden aud inspire us with
their music iu proportion as their notes have become associ-
ated in our minds with the coloring of past memories. To me,
for this reason, the notes of the snowy tree-crickets (Oca/u-
ttius niveus and Oecantkus angustipennis) have an inexpressi-
ble charm and sweetness. They recall to mind impressions of
childhood life on an old New England homestead, where
flourished luxuriant hedges of goldenrods and asters; of
dreamy, dewy August evenings. In New England I am just
as glad to hear the first tree-cricket in August as I am to hear
the first bluebird or piping frog of spring. At a certain time
in August I expect almost unconsciously to hear it; every-
thing seems prepared for and awaiting the first enlivening note
of a tree-cricket in the goldenrods or raspberry hedges.

In one country, Japan, it appears that a real appreciation of
the charms of insect music exists. We learn through that
strange genius, Lafcadio Hearn, that the Japanese mind loves
and appreciates its insect musicians; that ages ago, while the
Beowulf was slowly shaping itself in the minds of Saxon bards,
the Japanese made long pilgrimages into the country to hear
and to capture certain kinds of musical crickets and katydids.

For several years I have made a careful study of the song
habits of the musical Orthoptera in New England, North Caro-
lina, and northern Georgia. During the years 1908 and 1909
I spent a greater portion of the summer in an isolated settle-
ment known as Thompson's Mills, in northern Georgia. Much
of this time would have been dreary and burdensome had it
not been for the fact that I found interest and consolation in
the musical insects of this locality. Hosts of rare or familiar
crickets, locusts, and katydids enlivened the days and evenings
from every hedge and tree throughout the summer. A num-
ber of these have never been reported from Georgia or the
South, and their songs have never before been noted and de-
scribed. It is hoped that the following sketch of some of the
musical Orthoptera observed in North Georgia, together with
illustrations, will prove of some interest.

Of the Orchelimnms, I have observed the following at
Thompson's Mills: ( trr/ic/iiinmi rv//»v^r, O. glabcrrhuiun (>.
Ioii»ipcn>ic, O. minor, O. mo/os^/nii , and <). nigripcs.

Orchelimum rnlgurc Harris (fig. 1) is the first to appear,
and seems to be the most common form. It is, like the other
Orchelimums, mostly a dav singer, and is most noisy during
the hottest sunnv hours. Like most Orchelimums, this species
prefers the tall grasses and weeds of the fields and roadsides

34 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Its song is one of the most familiar midsummer sounds. It
may be expressed thus: tsip-tsip-tsip-ze-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e, tsip-
tsip-tsip-ze-e-e-e-e-e-e-e-e. The staccato lisps may vary con-
siderably in number and precede each time the long, lisping
monotone z-e-e-e-e, which is of several seconds duration. A
singer which I observed in August, 1909, delivered 33-34
phrases per minute, each phrase including the preceding stac-
cato lisps. O. vulgare is possibly the most common species
at Thompson's Mills, and may be heard throughout the sum-
mer in small communities amidst the weeds and asters.

In attempting to capture the Orchelimums, it is amusing to
observe their attempts to hide by moving around the stalk of
grass they are resting on. As the hand moves toward the
stalk to grasp one, the wary creature always moves to the op-
posite side so as to keep the stalk directly between it and the
observer, just as a gray squirrel moves around a tree trunk to
escape the hunter. In this protective moment it hugs the grass
stem as close as possible, stretching out its long, slender hind
legs behind it( until they are parallel with and almost flat
against the grass stem.

O. vulgare is the first species to appear at the above locality.
The first singer is heard about the first of August, and in a
short time they are heard nearly everywhere.

Orchelimum glaberrimum Burmeister occurs in the Thomp-
son's Mills region, though not especially common. Judging
from the relative numbers of individuals heard and captured,
this Orckelimum appears less common than Orchclimnm vitl-
gare, which it closely resembles. It has been considered only
a larger form of Orchelimum vulgare. I have found Orcheli-
mum glaberrimum in all upland situations where vulgare
would also most likely occur — in tall grass, cowpea fields, and
on cotton plants. Its notes do not differ essentially from those
of vulgare, except possibly in being less sharp and penetrat-
ing. In a number of instances I have recognized and cap-
tured glaberrimum by its softer, more tremulous, humming
monotone z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z. This difference in sound qual-
ity may depend largely upon the length of wing, since it seems
more characteristic of the longer winged forms. At Thomp-
son's Mills my first records of glaberrimum. are considerably
later in the season than the earliest appearance of vulgare.

Orchelimum longipenne Scudder also prefers weeds .and
grass thickets of the fields and roadsides. Its song habits are
so like those of O. vulgare that a description of the notes would
appear almost like a repetition. It seems to appear somewhat

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 11)10. 35

later in the season than (). nil gar e at Thompson's Mills, and
is not a common species there.

Another Orchelimum, (). minor Bruner (fig. 2) has very
different notes and habits. This species differs from all other
American Orchelimums in being strictly arboreal, choosing as
its habitat the pine trees of fields and pastures. Davis records
this species as occurring in the pine barrens of New Jersey.
Although I had not noted this species at Chapel Hill, North
Carolina, during fi.e consecutive years spent there, I found it
exceedingly abundant in the pines at Thompson's Mills. The
following extract from my journal for October 4, 1908, refers
to this insect:

"An Orckelimum, new to me, has just attracted my atten-
tion. Much smaller than ( >. riilgarc or others. Dwells en-
tirely in pines so far as I can determine, and is thus very diffi-
cult to capture. Its notes are a succession of brief, feeble,
silken lisps followed by a pause about as long, then repeated;
s-s-s-s-s-s — .s--.<-.s'->-.s-^ — _s-.s-.s'-.s-.s'->\ I hear it during the warm,
sunny hours of the day, even in the high-crowned pines
around my house.

During the sunny hours of the day at this season the low
pines in a certain pasture near Thompson's Mills were quite
animated with the lispings of this Orcliclhnnm. So faint and
fugacious are its notes that it is probably never identified by
ordinary ears. If a good breeze is blowing, the feeble lisps
are lost amidst the sighing and rustle of the pines upon which
they dwell. In no manner do the notes to me recall those of
any other Orrheliinnin. The short, staccato lisps so charac-
teristic of the songs of most Orchelimums are entirely wanting
and the tone quality more nearly resembles the leg and wing
stridulationsof some of the stenobothri than the Orchelimums.
This Qrchclimnm has never been reported or described before
south of Washington, D. C.

Another Orchehmum which I found in this region of North
Georgia is Orchelimum ino/otsiiin Rhen. This Orchelimum
• has the characteristic song of the Orchelimum family — a suc-
cession of staccato lisps, followed by a lisping z-z-z-z of some
seconds duration. This species sings by night as well as by
day, and its song is more subdued than that of (). rii/^a/'c.

Orchelimum ni^ripcs Scudderffig. 3), at least in the Thomp-
son's Mills region, is strictly a lowland species. I find it
everywhere in the tangles of vegetation bordering streams. It
dwells in the tall grasses, weeds, and vines close to the wa-
ter's edge, in the thickets of high blackberries and shrub-

36 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

bery; or even in willows 10 to 12 feet from the ground. With
the single exception of the strictly arboreal Urchclitnnni
minor, which dwells in pine trees alone, nigripes is the only
species which I occasionally find far above my reach in the
foliage of willow trees. Its song is not as loud, prolonged, or
as sharp and rasping as that of O. z'tt/gttrc. The staccato
lisps appear to be fewer, and the phrase tse-e-e-e-e-e is usually
very much softer and briefer. O. nigripes, stridulates leisure-
ly by day and more or less throughout warm nights. I have
on several occasions heard and taken a few individuals of O. ni-
gripes on cotton plants in fields adjoining its usual haunts in
low grounds. Other Orchelirnums may occur at Thompson's
Mills, Georgia.

Among the tree crickets of the genus (Kcanthus, the follow-
ing have been observed at Thompson's Mills: (Ecanthus laii-
pciiiiis, O. quadripunctatus, ( ). angustipennis, and O. nii'ciis.

The large and beautiful tree cricket U. latipennis Riley
seems to be fairly common in the Thompson's Mills region,
though far less so than the ubiquitous O. quadripunctatus.
The former prefers thickets of asters, goldenrods, and bram-
bles in low grounds, and sings by day and late into the night
during moonlight nights. The song of this species is of long
duration, deep-toned, mellow, with a distinct trilling or qua-
vering quality, even when heard from afar. In the strong, low-
pitched, deep tone-quality it recalls the notes of O. n/rct<$
DeGeer. On warm, moonlight nights the notes of O. lati-
pennis seem even more bell-like, quavering, and rich-toned
than do the day notes. This may, however, in part be due to
the greater quiet of all nature and the moister condition of the
atmosphere. At such times they are audible from a great dis-
tance, and very keenly remind me of the trilling concerts of
the common toad in the North.

Another tree cricket, (Ecanthus quadripunctatus Beuten-
miiller, is extremely common at Thompson's Mills and through-
out the South. This species is of a greenish-white color, small-
er and narrower than O. latipennis. Throughout the sum-
mer and autumn the notes of (). quadripunctatus may be
heard among the asters, goldenrods, and brambles by the
roadsides, and in every gully. This species frequents the cot-
ton fields in large numbers, and may be heard in song espe-
cially during the sunny afternoon hours of the day. Its song
is high-pitched, prolonged trill, much weaker and less musi-
cal than the trill of O. latipennis. The strong, rich, quaver-
ing, bell-like quality of the song of O. latipennis is quite lack-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUMK XII, I'.Hit. 37

iug in the thinner, shriller, more buzzing trill of U. qnadri-
pHiictaliis. This cricket prefers the higher, drier situations,
such as the cotton fields, and sings ironi July until frost.

Both O. Uitipeinns and U. quadripunctalus have the pro-
longed-trilling habit, as their notes may be of several minutes
duration, with irregular periods of silence intervening. In
this respect these tree crickets are readily distinguished from
the intermittent trillers U. nn-cus and O. iiiigiis/ipciinis,
whose trills are short, abrupt, and followed by about the saint-
intervals of rest.

Not until July, 1909, did I finally succeed in capturing U.
angnstipcnnis Fitch, although I had suspected its presence
here the previous year, as a record in my journal for June 29,
1908, will show. This reads:

'T am interested in the trill of another tree cricket now
have only heard it a few nights. Notes a brief trill, ending
abruptly, with a short interval of silence. These crickets pre-
fer the foliage of the tallest oaks and have the same sort of
trill as O. angustipennis , which lhave heard in New England.
These notes are, however, very much fainter.'1

Specimens captured on a low hickory at the same locality in
1909 proved them to be O. angustipenms. This species does
not appear uncommon at Thompson's Mills, yet its habits of
frequenting high trees and the brief, faint songs would hardly
bring it to the attention of the ordinary observer. It sings on
cloudy afternoons, though its song is best heard after sunset.
As the shadows become deeper in the oak trees and the breezes
have ceased, a faint, brief, high-pitched pr-c-e-c is heard.
This is soon repeated by others in different keys at brief inter-
vals. The notes of this cricket, to me, inspire a weird pathos,
unlike any other insect music. The phrase ^7 -e-e- c does not sus-
tain the same uniform pitch, but dies away in a slightly lower
key, a change which is hardly noticeable to the untrained ear.
Each note is a mysterious, momentary wail amidst the shad-
owy foliage of the oaks, and seems like the voice of a com-
plaining spirit interrupting the serenity of the night. I am
very familiar with this cricket in New Kngland. There it
prefers low shrubs — best of all the tangles of vines and sweet-
fern bowers in the pastures. New Kngland specimens seem
to sing in louder, more vehement tones than those I have heard
in north Georgia. Here it appears more strictly arboreal
than any other cricket, and most difficult of all to locate and
capture, since its home is amidst the foliage of tall oak trees.
Although individuals of this species are in the United States

38 . PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

National Museum collections from Dallas and Columbus, Tex-
as, and Cedar Keys, Florida, it has never been reported from
Georgia, and its range is given from New York to Kentucky.

tEcaiit/nis uireiis DeGeer: This beautiful tree cricket also
occurs throughout north Georgia, but has never appeared very
common at Thompson's Mills. In 190S I did not note a single
specimen. L,ate in September, 1909, I heard and captured
several solitary individuals on low oaks in woods by the road-
side. Higher up in the mountains I heard this insect in con-
siderable numbers in the woody undergrowth. (Ecanlhus
nii'cns conceals itself among weeds and shrubs only a few feet
from the ground, and sings almost entirely by night, or oc-
cassioually on cloudy days. Its slow, rhythmical trills, tr-r-r-
r-r-r — tr-r-r-r-r-r, are very solemn and impressive, and seem
to accentuate the silence and solitude of the warm, summer
evenings.

As the thrush class lead as songsters among the birds, so do
the tree-crickets rank ahead of most other insects in quality
of tone and harmony of their trilling- These creatures are all
fragile-bodied, with thin, glassy, transparent wings tinted
greenish or pearly, like the soft summer moonlight which
shines upon them. It is surprising that such attenuated
creatures can produce notes so strong and loud as (). latipen-
nis or O. iiivcus. Each species has its own distinctive song,
with a tone-quality, pitch, and delivery which makes its iden-
tification certain wherever heard.

Another midsummer cricket which helps to enliven the warm
nights of the Thompson's Mills region is Xeoxabea btpunctata
De Geer (fig. 4). This beautiful insect at first sight appears
to be an *(Ecantht<s, but several characters place it in another
genus. Its color is light brown, with a pinkish tint, and the
inner wings are about twice as long as the tegmina. This
cricket prefers the dense leaf-canopy of grape-vines, and usually
begins to sing at nightfall. It is an intermittent triller, and
its low, deep, mellow trills, /r-r-r-r, continued only a few sec-
onds, are separated by short intervals. Its notes are deeper,
stronger, and richer than those of (Ecanthus angustipennis.
In tone quality they more nearly approach the song of (J-Ccaii-
thn$ latipennis. This cricket is not uncommon at the above
locality, but usually congregates in small communities wher-
ever conditions are favorable, generally in wild grape-vines by
the roadside or in low trees near dwellings.

Another exceedingly common cricket at Thompson's Mills
and elsewhere in the Southern States is Orc/mris saltutot

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, litlll. 39

Uhler. This is strictly an arboreal form, yellowish brown in
color, and stridulates from late summer until cold weather.
For a number of years, while in North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, and Georgia, I had been unsuccessful in catching a glimpse
of the maker of that sweet, musical piping heard among the
trees during the autumn. I had no doubt seen the crickets,
but a strange song must be traced directly to its particular
maker if one wishes to feel sure of his identification. How-
ever, I met my cricket very unexpectedly one chilly October
evening at Thompson's Mills. That evening, after a long
period of ineffectual watching among the trees, I walked into
my house to find my pu/zling cricket awaiting me by the
stove. It was perched on a stick of wood and trilling vigor-
orously before my eyes in the glow and warmth of the fire.
The trill of this cricket is very high-pitched, rather brief, with
a clear, silvery quality of tone that makes it very musical.
These crickets are more gregarious in their habits and congre-
gate in large numberson particular trees or in certain thickets,
where their individual trills, in varied keys, produce a most
agreeable harmony during the moonlight nights of late autumn.
In July, of the summer of 1909, I met with that interesting
little cricket Cvr/o.vip/n/ roliiuihuina Caudell (fig. 5) at
Thompson's Mills, north Georgia. This tiny cricket at first
sight resembles a Nemobius, but its arboreal habits are quite
unlike the terrestrial habits of the members of that genus.
Its color in life is a delicate yellowish green, like that of some
of the crickets. This cricket prefers the foliage of shrubs and
trees. I have never heard it singing less than 6 or 7 feet from
the ground. I found it exceedingly abundant on the foliage
of peach trees in an orchard at Thompson's Mills. It 'was
also abundant in the foliage of the tallest oaks of the settle-
ment and in the low trees and grape-vines, and exceedingly
active, so that it is not easily taken. Its notes are very brief,
exceedingly high pitched trills which are uttered very rapidly
and persistently by day and by night. It is, however, more
strictly a night singer, and its great chorus begins late in the
afternoon and continues far into the night. Once the chorus
has begun it is impossible to single out a note; the evening
atmosphere everywhere overhead seems filled with an indis-
tinguishable, silvery trilling. These crickets sometimes con-
gregate in great numbers in certain trees. Their trills then
become wonderfully synchron;i1 until veritable waves of music
issue from the trees. I have frequently noted this synchrony
in a certain isolated holly tree where a great many dwelt. For

40 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

some seconds this time-rhythm of all the singers would be so
perfect that a single great trill was heard each time. Occasion-
ally some slower or faster trillers would break up this rhythm,
but in a few seconds it was again restored as usual. I have
noted this marked synchrony among the colonies of singers in
the tallest oaks.

A count of the trills of a single singer at different times gave
the following results: 176, 2UO, 198, 204, 204, 204 trills per
minute. For the size of this cricket, its notes are loud and
penetrating, and can be heard a considerable distance.

Until 1907 this species of arboreal cricket had never been
described. In September of that year a male and a female
only were taken in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., and
given the specific name Cvrtoxipha colinnbiana by Mr. A. N.
Caudell, of the U. S. National Museum. These type speci-
mens, together with other individuals recently taken by the
writer in north Georgia, are in the collections of the U. S.
National Museum. It is thus evident that this Cyrtoxipha,
like the other two of this genus, will be found to be a South-
ern species, and Georgia has one more known cricket to add
to her insect fauna. I also heard its trilling late in the even-
ing far up into South Carolina from the Southern train on a
trip early in August from Gainesville, Georgia, to Washing-
ton, D. C.

A common cricket at Thompson's Mills is the Pennsylvania
field cricket, Grv/lus pennsylvanicus Burmeister (fig. 6).
This is possibly the most common field cricket in this region
-a true ground dweller — hiding beneath clods of earth,
leaves, dead grass, etc. They are day and night singers, al-
though they appear most musical about sundown and at night.
So widely distributed are these crickets throughout the fields
that one never gets out of earshot of some singer. A study
of this interesting field cricket in different localities and regions
of its range has finally led me to recognize two very distinct
songs— one a weak almost continuous trill, the other a brief,
shrill chirp, similar to that of (?r\'l!us abhrcricttiis. At
Thompson's Mills the trilling form is almost the only one
heard. Its notes are a rather weak, shrill trill, prolonged
about four or five seconds, with a momentary pause. This
pause is so brief and abrupt that the notes may almost be de-
scribed as a single, prolonged trill indefinitely continued. The
trills of this form remind one very much of the trilling of
fKcautlms. quadripunctatiis. In the Thompson's Mills region
these are the first cricket notes of the spring time and are

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 41

heard as soon as the ground dries and warms up in March and
April and continue until midsummer. In this locality the
chirping form also occurs, but I find it very much less com-
mon. I have rarely heard it in April, when the trilling form
is not commonly heard in late summer, at the season when the
chirping form is most frequently heard. In late September I
heard and captured specimens of the chirping form in the
mountain region of Towns County, Georgia, but did not hear
the trills of the other form there at any time. In a recent
October trip to New England I found the chirping form ex-
ceedingly common in central Massachusetts. In every field and
pasture throughout this region these crickets were chirping in
the leaves and grass in great numbers during warm, sunny
days. I have never heard the southern trilling form in New
England. It would seem that a great proportion of the south-
ern individuals of Grvllus pennsylvanicus have the trilling
habit, while the chirping habit is quite characteristic of those
in the more northern portion of its range.

Among the species of Nemobius, Nemobius canus Scudder
occurs at Thompson's Mills. In September I captured a num-
ber of males and females of this species, and heard its notes in
the woods in this locality. I find this large and active Nemo-
bius only in the dry leaves of upland woods.

The song of this species is a high-pitched tinkling trill— ti-
ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti, prolonged indefinitely. It sings by day and at
night, and appears fairly common at Thompson's Mills. Other
species of Nemobius no doubt occur here, but the writer hopes
to study these more fully before recording their songs.

One of the smallest crickets of this region is Anaxipha
exigua Say. I find this tiny insect common in the thickets
and tangles of vines, weeds, and low shrubbery in wet grounds
and bordering streams. Unlike the species of Nemobius which
are strictly ground dwellers, Anaxipha exigua lives on the
stems and leaves of low plants and vines just a few feet above
the ground. This pretty cricket is very active, and not read-
ily captured in its natural hiding places in the dense vegeta-
tion of wet situations. Its notes are a faint, shrill, prolonged
tinkling ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti. Dwelling in almost impenetra-
ble tangles, it is exceedingly difficult to separate the notes of
a single singer from among the tiny, tinkling medley which
seems to pervade the atmosphere of the locality. This crick-
et is musical by day and at night.

Another tiny cricket which dwells in exactly similar situa-
tions together with Anaxipha exigua is Phyllosrirtus pulchel-

42 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

/us Uhler. This is one of the most highly colored and beau-
tiful crickets found in the United States. Its head audprono-
tum are a bright crimson, making it very conspicuous as it
crawls and leaps among the leaves of vines and shrubbery.
This pretty cricket dwells on shrubbery usually within 2 or 3
feet on the ground. It is most abundant in low grounds bor-
dering streams, although I have occasionally found it in thick-
ets in upland situations, and even in the foliage of asters and
cotton plants. Its song is a weak, high-pitched trill recalling
the trill of CEcanthns quadripunctatus, although not as smooth
and as uniform in tone. Heard close at hand, the trill is waver-
ing, irregular, with an attendant unmusical shuffling or scrap-
ing of the wings, as if these were rather slowly and loosely
vibrated upon each other. During the act of singing the
tegmina are elevated almost perpendicular to the back, as is
the habit in (Ecanthus a rather unusual procedure for almost
all our other species of crickets. This cricket is musical by
day and at night, and is very common at Thompson's Mills,
Georgia.

The tiny, inconspicuous cricket Cycloptihis sguamosusScud-
der also occurs at Thompson's Mills. In September, 1909, I
took a male and a female, but have never heard it stridulate.
This cricket is a ground-dwelling species, and does not appear
to be common in this locality. Nothing is known concerning
any stridulating powers which this cricket may possess.

The mole cricket, Gryllotalpa borealis Burmeister, is one of
the largest and commonest crickets at Thompson's Mills.
Notwithstanding its large size and odd appearance, this cricket
is very rarely seen by the ordinary observer, since it dwells
entirely within burrows which it excavates close to the surface
of the ground in damp soils. Its notes are strong, low-pitched
chirps, persistently repeated at brief intervals — gr-r-r-r-r
—gr-r-r-r-r — gr-r-r-r-r. It is a rather interesting fact that
although beneath the surface of damp or wet soils, this cricket
quickly responds to damp spells of weather by chirping more
actively and vigorously. The slightest tread notifies the in-
sect of one's approach, whereupon the notes abruptly cease.
Its stridulations are usually heard in the afternoons, but also
more or less at night. Although this mole cricket prefers
to burrow in wet soils and banks along streams, I have
captured it in damp, isolated spots in dry upland cotton fields.
The notes of this cricket are usually attributed to small frogs.

These are only a few of the musical insects heard at Thomp-
son's Mills, Georgia, the trillings and lispings of which have

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME xii, PLATE i\>

MUSICAL CRICKETS AND LOCUSTS.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, Mill). 43

given to the days and nights a tone and spirit of life, vigor,
buoyancy, and soothing harmony that no other sounds can
afford.

EXPLANATION OK PLATK IV.

FIG. 1. Orchiliininn vulgare. FIG. 4. Neoxabea bipnnctatu.

•_'. Orchilininm minor, •">. Cyrto.ripha coin »ihi<i/i<i.

:;. Or chili mum nigripes. (>. Gryllus pennsyl-vanicns.

-Under the heading of short notes and exhibition of speci-
mens, Mr. Barber said : ' ' The occurrence in this city of a thriv-
ing colony of embiids is of more than passing interest, owing to
the fact that these insects are rarely found outside of the
tropics and that they are represented in so few collections. In
November, 1908, Mr. J. G. Sanders and I found the trunks
of two A ran cur /a trees in the hothouse of the Botanic Gar-
den, near the Capitol, fairly well covered with fine webs spun by
these insects, and we secured a few immature specimens. The
colony seemed to be not quite so strong this fall as last, but
was still thriving, and specimens of all sizes could be found at
any time. No winged specimens have been seen as yet, but
one showing wing pads was collected. At another time a
number of very minute young were found in the web with a
full-sized wingless specimen. In the absence of winged indi-
viduals, Mr. Banks was unable to identify the species."

-Dr. Dyar said that Sir George Hampson had mistaken
the identity of his fdu/its pic/icscnsis in Volume III of the
Catalogue L,epidoptera Phalange. Idalu* pichesensis is really
an Automolis, close to herois Schaus, but without red color on
the hind wings. Dr. Dyar suggested the new name Idaho
agestus for the species called pichesensis by Hampsou.

-Dr. Dyar showed a copy of ''The Rhopalocera of Java,
Pierida?, by M. C. Piepers and P. C. T. Snellen, with the
collaboration of H. Fruhstorfer," and said: "The work is based
upon the knowledge acquired by Mr. Piepers during his twenty-
eight years' residence in the Malay Archipelago, most of
which was spent in Java. Mr. Piepers has thus become well

44 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

acquainted with the butterflies of that region and their life
histories, and well qualified to speak authoritatively about
them. The work is a monograph upon the Pieridae of Java,
and will be followed, we are told, by monographs upon the
other families if the present paper meets with sufficient accept-
ance. The work is written by Mr. Piepers in the first person
and in English, in gratitude for which we gladly overlook sun-
dry strange constructions and errors in spelling, due, we doubt
not, to the difficulties of translation and unfamiliarity of the
proof-reader with the English language. What part the junior
author, Mr. Snellen, has in the work we are not told, but as-
sume it to be connected with the nomenclature and synonymy.
Mr. Snellen has suppressed Hiibner's generic names, on the
ground that he did not consider the diagnoses sufficient; and
to this Mr. Piepers enters a protest, not on the proper ground
that this arbitrary action is in contravention of the rules of
nomenclature, but because he prefers to retain the old familiar
names. The junior author, however, has had his way in the
matter. Mr. Fruhstorfer's collaboration is not distinguished
specifically, and we assume it to consist in general contri-
butions of information from his extensive acquaintance with
the L,epidoptera Rhopalocera of the Malay region.

' 'The work is without definitions of the families of the butter-
flies, without any keys to genera, any synoptic tables of spe-
cies, any generic synonomy or bibliography, or any descrip-
tions of the species. Only those species are figured of which
good figures do not already exist, no matter how inaccessible
those good figures may be. The work is thus most defective
and entirely unsuitable for determining the Pierida? of Java.
To one already acquainted with the fauna, knowing the liter-
ature, and possessing a collection already determined, the work
will be of interest; to the general lepidopterist, scarcely intel-
ligible.

"Mr. Piepers is strongly opposed to the theory of 'mimicry'
as explaining certain phenomena of coloration, and at consid-
erable length in the introduction, as well as at several places
in the discussion of individual species, fulminates valiantly

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lillU. 45

against this theory. Mr. Piepers is of course aware that the
theory of mimicry does not imply any conscious or purposive
action of the organisms themselves, or the action of any ex-
terior guiding force, unless the process of 'survival of the
fittest' can be considered such— certainly no conscious force.
Yet we cannot but suspect that some such subconscious idea
is at the bottom of his rather violent opposition. His labored
efforts, for example, to explain the eye-like markings of the
larva:1 of certain SphiugidcC without recourse to the mimetic as-
sumption that these resemble the vertebrate eye certainly sound
most strained, and his explanation takes no account of the man-
ner in which these markings are used by the animals them-
selves. In fact, if one considers the habits associated with
mimetic markings in general, the adequacy and truth of the
theory are perfectly obvious, at least in its main features.
Naturally the theory does not seek to explain variability or
change in organisms, but only the preservation of accidentally
advantageous resemblances, from whatever cause arising.
When we consider, for instance, the larva of Herse cingulata
Fab., the green form of which rests upon the leaves, while the
brown form frequents the stems of its food plant near the
ground, it seems absurd to claim that this coloration is not of
use to the insect, is not mimetic of the environment, but due
to a certain law of evolution of color, which Mr. Piepers
claims to be operative. Similar examples could be multiplied
ad infinitum, and the logic of the mimetic theory appears to
us secure. The most charitable explanation seems to be that
Mr. Piepers is fighting a chimera of his own construction.

"We hope that the defects above noted may be corrected in
the forthcoming parts of this work upon the other families of
butterflies of Java, for Mr. Piepers' valuable fund of know-
ledge of the subject ought to be recorded in the most fitting
and useful manner possible."

-Ntr. Heidemann exhibited some hemipterous insects and
gave the following notes concerning them:

" Some years ago, early in spring, my attention was aroused
by seeing numerous white spots on the trunk and branches of

+<> PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

a tree, the so-called yellow wood (Cladasln't /incloria} grow-
ing in the grounds ot the Department of Agriculture. At first
sight I thought it was the common mealy bug. Observing the
little insect more closely, I found it to be a young hemipterous
larva, belonging to the family of Capsidse. It has a striking
resemblance to larval forms of species of the genus Campto-
brochis- like those, the surface of the body is entirely covered
with a white powder which, perhaps, serves in some way as a
sort of protective agency; however, it does not save the little
capsid from the attack of the C/irvsopa larva. Once I had
occasion to observe how the voracious Neuroptera attacked
and devoured the helpless creature. The insect is quite slug-
gish in its movements and seems to prefer to rest and hide in
the crevices of the bark. I have not seen it feeding on the
foliage. Very likely the larva has predaceous habits. The
following year the larva appeared again in great numbers on
the same tree and this time it was crawling also on the bark of
Pninns picardi. I took advantage of this good opportunity
to secure quite a lot of the nymphs for the purpose of rearing
the adult insect. Luckily, I had a very successful result and
bred over a dozen adults. To my surprise, the capsid was not
a species of the genus Camptobrochis, although closely related
to it. A thorough examination of the adult insect proved
that these specimens evidently form a new genus and species
of Capsidae. In general appearance the insect looks like a
Camptobrochis; it differs chiefly in the shape of the head, which
is straight, pointed towards front, and not depressed anteriorly
as it is in the genus CaniptobrocJii*. This interesting capsid
is now described by O. M. Renter as Eurychilopterella luridula
n. g., n. sp. , in his paper on the Nearctic Capsida?, recently
published. Specimens are also recorded from the State of
New York."

Sericophanes sp.?

'Still another new capsid from our region has been found
at Plummer's Island by Mr. H. S. Barber. This neat little insect
is probably a new species of the genus Ser/cop/ianes (div. cyl-
/ocoraria'}, of which up to the present time only one species is
known. It is described by Renter, 1875, as Sericophanes ocel-
lalus in his publication of Capsinae ex America boreali. A
very interesting account of dimorphism and habits of this
species is given by Prof. H. Osborn, 1898, published in. the
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. Our specimen
is considerably larger and darker in color than the species

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, llllll. 47

from Texas (S. ocellatus Reut. ). Having only one single ex-
ample no description can be given unless more specimens of both
sexes are collected.

"It may be of interest to note that Aradus vanduzeei\\&i> for
the first time also been found in the vicinity of Washington,
at Plummer's Island, by Mr. McAtee. The species is widely
distributed; it is recorded from Pennsylvania, New York,
Lake Tahoe, California, and Colorado."

— Mr. Barber exhibited specimens showing the result of a
test of various preservatives and said:

"The preservation of the early stages of insects is a matter
of much importance, and but few collectors seem to realize
the advantage of putting up first-class material. It is usually
considered sufficient to drop a larva into alcohol, label it, and
put it away. Some, perhaps most, of the coleopterous larvae
will stand this treatment, but many become shrunken and
greatly discolored, losing all the characteristic appearance of
the original specimen.

"With a view of testing the merits of various suggestions
that had been made, I put up in November, 1905, a set of 24
vials of various mixtures containing specimens of the common
typhoid fly, as an example of a fairly hard insect, and of the
larva of Anthophora (and probably also an inquilinous bee) ,
as samples of soft larvae. The experiment may not have been
a very scientific test, and in some of the mixtures was very
ridiculous, but it is of interest in a few of the results indicated
now after the set of vials has stood more than four years with-
out a cork being removed.

"Other test lots of a somewhat similar nature should be
put up with more care and by persons better qualified to judge
the results than in the present case, for it is a subject in need
of more general attention. It is intended to hold the present
test lot intact for a much longer time, and eventually subject
the specimens to critical examination.

"I tried to cover, in a general way, the value of formaline,
alcohol, and synthol of at least two strengths each, also the
effect of adding glycerine, the value of boiling, and the value
of dipping the cork in hot paraffin. The flies stand the test
well in nearly all cases, but the larva* do not. The principal
superficial results are as follows:

"The specimens exhibiting the best external appearance are
in 4 per cent formaline.

4S PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

"lu most of the boiled specimens the coagulated body con-
tents has more or less separated from the skin.

"The addition of glycerine has resulted in a browning and
shriveling of the larva.

"All unboiled alcoholic specimens have very seriously
shriveled."

Dr. Phillips said:

"The use of some of the approved fixing fluids would doubt-
less serve the purpose of preserving soft insect larva? for exter-
nal examination and would at the same time preserve the
tissues so that they could be used for histological or even
cytological work in case it were desired to use the material in
that way at any time. For example, one part glacial acetic
acid and four parts absolute alcohol or one part glacial acetic
acid and nine parts 90 per cent alcohol will fix soft larva? such
as those of the honey bee without shrinking and will leave
them beautifully white. They can be left in 80 per cent alco-
hol after fixation in the acetic alcohol solution for an hour
or two. The swelling action of the acetic acid counteracts the
shrinking by the alcohol. Acetic acid has great penetrating
power.

"In the same manner a number of fixing fluids can be used,
but many of them will color the specimens somewhat. Picro-
formal, picro-sulphuric, or any of the numerous picric- acid
fixing fluids will preserve the shape of the larva? but will
color them yellow. This color can be entirely removed by
washing in alcohol.

"As Mr. Barber has intimated, the use of cork stoppers will
always discolor light alcoholic material. Antimony, rubber,
or glass stoppered bottles are an improvement in this regard.
Another method is to stop the bottles with cotton and put a
large number of such bottles in a large preserve or exhibition
jar."

Mr. Viereck stated that acetone is now being used in place
of acetic acid.

-The following papers were accepted for publication:

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, HHO. 49

SOME NEW WASPS FROM NEW JERSEY.
BY S. A. ROHWER.

Inasmuch as a uew list of the insects of New Jersey is soon
to appear, the following descriptions of new species are sub-
mitted, so that they may be included:

Mutilla (sens lat.) daeckei, new species.

Male.— Belongs to group canadensis Fox and is near geryon Fox,
but differs from the description of that species in the following manner:
Length 8 mm., all the pubescence of the head, dorsulum, and most of the
hair of the abdomen black, abdominal segments 2 to 5 not fringed with
pale hairs, space between the lateral ocelli more than half the distance
from one of them to the inner orbits, punctures of the second ventral
segment hardly as well defined as those on the tergum, at any rate not
stronger.

Clypeus broadly, deeply notched at the apex, the lobes truncate; first
joint of the flagel narrowing at the base, longer than the pedicel, but
shorter than the second joint of the flagel: antennal fovea not shining or
carinated; antennal tubercles large, oval in outline; lateral ocelli hooded
inwardly; tegukc with large punctures; scutel strongly margined later-
ally, the lateral faces concave and polished; metanotum reticulate ;
metapleurae anteriorly smooth, polished ; tibiae not spined; first cubital
cell narrow, much broader than long, first transverse cubital bent basally
below; inner surface of the posterior femora smooth, highly polished,
without hairs. Entirely black, hair of the pleurae and tibiae white, the
rest of the hair black or black with gray hairs intermingled.

Type locality: Lucaston, New Jersey, August 27, 1905.
Other localities: Bamber, New Jersey, September 1, 1905.
Both collected by V. A. E. Daecke.

Type: No. 12912, U. S. National Museum.

Mutilla (sens lat.) vierecki, new species.

Female, — Belongs to group occidentalis Fox and belongs between the
numbers -L' and 27 of his table of the females. Length about 10.5 mm.
Eyes very high up on the head ; antennal fovea sharply defined above :
head and entire thorax with large punctures ; in some parts these punc-
tures are confluent so as to appear reticulate; scape curved apically ;
first joint of the flagel not quite as long as the two following; thorax
narrowed posteriorly; no ventral carina on the first abdominal segment;
first segment sessile with second, the basal part smooth, the apical half
punctate; second dorsal segment with close, rather small punctures
which in some places are confluent so as to appear striated ; ventrally the
punctures are larger and well separated : py<*idium with nearly complete
longitudinal striae, the extreme apex finely granular; legs with sparse,

50 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

strong spines. Rufo-ferruginous ; antennas, apex of mandibles, legs, apical
abdominal segments black; head, dorsulum, and most of second dorsal
segment with appressed scarlet pubescence; third to fifth segments with
whitish pubescence on the apical margin ; apical margin of first segment,
a well-defined circular spot at base of second, apical margin of second
(broader in the center) with appressed black pubescence ; legs, venter,
and pleurae with erect, pale hairs.

Type locality: Lucaston, New Jersey, August 27 ( F.
Haimbach).

Type: No. 12913, U. S. National Museum.

Named after Mr. H. L,. Viereck, who gave helpful sug-
gestions about this and the following species.

Mutilla (sens lat.) zella, new species.

Female. — Belongs to group occidentalis Fox and is very like I'ierecki,
but differs as follows : First abdominal segment with uniform, elongate
punctures on its dorsal surface, ventrally with a short carina which is
notched in the middle; the appressed black pubescence of the second
segment at the base is more diffuse, almost forming a broad band, and
connected with the apical band by a narrow black line.

Length, about 10.5 mm.

Type locality: Wenonah, New Jersey, July 28 iF. Haim-
bach).

Type: No. 12914, U. S. National Museum.

Thyreopus (Synothyreopus) vierecki, new species.

Male.- — Length 7 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus with a number of
small teeth ; distance between the eyes at the clypeus slightly greater
than the length of the clypeus; head dulled, finely striato-reticulate ;
antenna? simple, third joint slightly longer than fourth ; dorsulum and
scutellum longitudinally striated, in some lights striato-punctured ;
mesopleurae shining, finely striate, and with some small punctures;
metanotum not separated from the posterior face, rugose; metapleunt
strongly striated: tibia! shield wider than long, broader at the apex:
abdomen shining, almost impunctate. Black : two small spots on the
clypeus, most of the scape, two small spots on the pronotum, a band on
all the dorsal abdominal segments except the second and third, where
they are broadly interrupted, and the legs below the knees yellow : tibial
shield brown, streaked with pale. Wings hyaline, slightly dusky, irides-
cent ; venation brown. The usual silvery pubescence sparse, the hair
rather short, gray.

Type locality : Da Costa, New Jersey, May 17, 1903 (V.
Daecke).

Type: No. 12910, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lull). 51

Related to rirgatus Fox, but is distinct in sculpture. Named
for Mr. H. L. Viereck, who had determined it as new before
the writer studied it.

Thyreopus (Crossocerus) daeckei, new species.

Female.— Related to Thyreopus (Crossocerus} lent us (Fox), hut may
be known by the following comparison :

T. (C.) lentns (Fox). T. (C.) daeckei, new species.

I. Length, ••> mm. 1. Length, .">..'i mm.

L'. Episternal suture of the meso- _. Episternal suture of the meso-

pleura- gently curved. pleura- nearly straight.

:!. Furrow of the metanotum :!. Furrow of the metanotum

broader anteriorly. broader posteriorly.

4. Furrow of the posterior face 4. Furrow of the posterior face

narrow, uniform in width. broad, broader above.

'•>. Clypeus all black. •">. Clypeus with two pale spots.

(I. Anterior margin of the pro- (i. Anterior face of the prothorax

thorax shining impunctate. opaque, finely punctured.

Type locality : Lucaston, New Jersey, May 28, 1904. One
female collected by Mr. V. A. ,E. Daecke.

Type: No. 12911, U. S. National Museum.

The female of harrisi Pack, is undescribed and there are
no specimens of it in the collection of the Museum, so this
may be the female of that species. However, there seems to
be more than sexual differences between daeckei and the
male of harrisi.

Tachysphex similis, new species.

Much like the ticutiis Patt., but the wings are clear, the pygidium
broader, and the dorsulum more closely punctured than the scutellum.

Female. — Length, li mm. Anterior margins of the clypeus rounded
out a little broader medianly, surface as is the front, granular : vertex
with the punctures separate and the occiput shining, with well-separated
punctures : third antennal joint a third shorter than the fourth ; space
between the eyes at the top nearly as great as the length of the first two
Hagellar joints; dorsulum with close, distinct punctures, the punctures
closer laterally : scutellum not impressed, with widely separated, distinct
punctures : metanotum closely and rather coarsely granular, separated
from the transversely striated posterior face by a carina which is broken
in the middle : depression of the posterior face large : metapleura- trans-
versely striated : legs with weak spines : second cubital cell broader than
the third on the radius : abdomen normal : pygidium with scattered punc-
tures, about twice as long as wide at base. Black : spines white: api-
cal abdominal segment red or black; silvery pubescence as usual : wings
faintly dusky hyaline, iridescent : venation very dark brown.

52 PKOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

' Female. — Length, 5 mm. Differs from the female in the sculpture of
the metanotum being finer, the carina on the posterior face weaker,
tegulae and venation pale brown, and the clear wings.

Type locality: Lee County, Texas (Fedor), April and
May (G. Birkmann); other locality, Angelsea, New Jersey,
August 4.

Type in collection of S. A. Rohwer; paratypes with Rev. G.
Birkmann and New Jersey Agricultural College.

ADDENDA.

Tachysphex similans, new species.

Female. — Length, <>.-"> mm. Very like similis Roh., but differs as
follows: The produced portion of the clypeus vvith a deep narrow
notch in the middle; metanotum striato-granular : longer spur of hind
tibia? equal in length with the basitarsis: punctures of the pygidium
sparser, and the wings with a pale brown tinge.

Type locality: Fedor, Lee County, Texas, May 29, 1898
(Rev. G. Birkmann).

7ype in the Rohwer collection.

The above description is added here because of close rela-
tionship between similis, which occurs both in Texas and
New Jersey, and similans, which has been found in Texas
only.

THE LARVA AND FOOD-PLANT OF GLYPTOCERA
CONSOBRINELLA ZELLER.

[Lepidoptera, Pyralidae.]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

The larvae of this phycitine occurred upon the leaves of
Viburnum lentago at Lincolnville, Maine, in August. The
larva first spins a small tube, usually from the tip of the leaf,
then webs up the leaf. Often there is more than one larva in
the same web, but with separate tubes. The tube is of frass,
loosely webbed, and reaches beyond the curled part of the
leaf. Later they eat the whole leaf, often webbing to the
stem and cutting the midrib.

Larva. — Head pale brown, slightly mottled, withdrawn well into
joint '1. Cervical shield large, black, dull. Thoracic feet black. Body
striped with vinous purple, the stripes separated by narrow, irregularly
edged grayish white areas. The lines are dorsal, subdorsal, upper and
lower lateral, stigmatal ; subventral area grayish, with two fainter purple
lines. Tubercles minute, black. Anal plate greenish, not lined.

The larvae spun in September and the adults issued the
following spring.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 53

TWO NEW AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS

ETHMIA.

[Lepidoptera, Ethmiidas]
BY AUGUST BUSCK.

Ethmia monachella, new species.

Labial palpi weak: second joint clothed with spreading black hairs:
terminal joint short, black. Face, head, and basal joint of antenna? deep
black; antenna- dark fuscous. Thorax deep black. Forewings with a
broad, longitudinal, straight-edged blackish brown streak from base to
apex, above which a narrow, pale yellowish costal edge and below which
a broad, grayish yellow dorsal streak. Around the apical edge is a regu-
lar series of deep black marginal dots, three of which are above the cen-
tral dark streak, two or three in it, and six or seven below it. In the pale
dorsal part of the wing are two small black dots, one at basal fourth and
one on the middle of the wing. Hindwings semi-transparent, smoky,
black, with lighter yellowish dorsal cilia. Abdomen deep black, with
bright orange tips to the six posterior segments and with bright orange
genitalia. Anterior and middle legs black, with narrow white tarsal an-
nulations; posterior legs black, with bright orange tibial tuft and with
white tarsal annulations.

Alar expanse, 20 mm.

Habitat: Boulder, Colorado (S. A. Rohwer, coll.).

Type: Male, No. 12883, U. S. National Museum.

This species belongs to the group umbrimarginella Busck
and allies, but is easily recognized by the light costal edge
above the central longitudinal dark streak.

Ethmia hammella, new species.

Labial palpi white, smooth. Face and head white. Antenna? yellow-
ish. Thorax and patagia deep bluish black with light straw-yellow
posterior tips. Forewings shining light straw-yellow, sprinkled with
bluish black scales and with deep bluish black markings; extreme base
and a small costal spot near base bluish black: a large quadrangular
bluish black dorsal spot near base ; three round spots on the disk of the
same color, two of which are close together, nearly confluent, near costa :
the third lower and farther out on the middle of the wing. The apical
and especially the terminal edge of the wing broadly bluish black, with
two small round dots preceding; beyond the upper of these, just before
apex, is an ill-defined blotch of white scales. Cilia yellowish fuscous.
Abdomen dark brown, each joint with conspicuous light ochreous pos-
terior edge. Hindwings blackish fuscous, darkest towards the tip, with

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XII, l!JlO.

lighter cilia. Legs dark brown, with ochreous tarsi. Hind tibia also
ochreous.

Alar expanse, L'L' mm.

Habitat: Tuis, Costa Rica, 5,800 feet altitude (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 12844, U. S. National Museum.

A very distinct species, with remarkably broad wings.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF LAETILIA RAGONOT.

[Lepidoptera, Pyralidte, Phycitinae.]

BY HARRISON G. DYAR.
Laetilia myersella; new species.

Gray, the scaling rather coarse, the pale gray scales somewhat inter-
mixed with black; basal line appearing as two black spots at the base
of fore wing; inner line of the ground-color rather broad, waved, edged
narrowly with black within and broadly so outwardly, the shade widen-
ing somewhat above inner margin ; discal dots large, conjoined into a
rounded mark ; outer line of the ground-color slightly flexuous, edged
with black on both sides ; a row of confluent black spots at the base of
the fringe. Hind wing pale fuscous, the fringe whitish.

Expanse, 14 to 15 mm.

Ten specimens, Rockville, Pennsylvania, May 27, 1909,
bred from scale insects on pine (P. R. Myers); 1 specimen,
Tryon, North Carolina (W. F. Fiske).

Type: No. 12827, U. S. National Museum.

Laetilia eremiellaV new species.

Fore wing pale gray, nearly white, shading somewhat darker along
the inner margin ; base of the wing filled in with blackish scales ; inner
band broad, black, on the costal half of the wing only ; discal dots round,
black, separated ; outer line of the ground-color, situated near the mar-
gin, crenulate, edged with black on both sides narrowly, the outer edg-
ing faint ; a row of confluent terminal dots. Hind wing whitish, semi-
pellucid, tinged with fuscous on the veins and margin; fringe whitish.

Expanse, 18 mm.

One specimen, Stockton, Utah, August 1, 1907 (T. Spald-
ing, through Dr. G. W. Dietz).

Type: No. 12828, U. S. National Museum.

Actual date of issue, March 21, igio.

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ARACHNIDA — A new Tetranychus. By Nathan Banks. 1908. 1 p 10

COLEOPTERA — New species of Balaninus, with notes. By F. H. Chittenden.

1908. 8pp. 2 figs IS

New bicolored Cioidae. By E. J. Kraus. 1908. 8 pp. 1 pi IS

Note on Adistemia watsoni Woll. By F. M. Webster. 1908. 2 pp 10

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Mosquitoes destroyed by the nighthawk. By Allan H. Jennings. 1908. 2 pp. 10

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Tenacity of life in Evania urbana Bradley. By C. N. Ainslee. 1908. 1 p. 10

A deceptive bee. By T. D. A. Cockerell. 1908. 2pp 10

Three new bees of Hie genus Nomada. By T. D. A. Cockerell. 1908. 3 pp. 10

An observation on Agapostemon melliventris Cresson. By W. A. Hooker.

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Notes on a few apparent cases of synonymy in Lepidoptera. By Harrison

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Notes on the species of Acrobasis, with descriptions of new ones. By

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Notes on some American Cochlidiidse, with descriptions of new species.

By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 5 pp 10

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A further note on the sloth moth. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 2pp. 10

A new Saturnian moth from the Southwest. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908.

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A review of the North American Pyralinae. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908.

7 pp 10

Descriptions of eleven new North American Pyralidae, with notes on a few

others. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 7 pp 10

Additions to the list of North American Geometridae, with notes on some

described species. By John A. Grossbeck. 1908. 7 pp 10

Injury to cak forests in Texas by Heterocampa manteo Doubleday. By

W. A. Hooker. 1908. 2 pp 10

NEUROPTERA — On tke classification of the Corydalina:, with description of a new

species, liy Nathan Banks. 1908. 4 pp 10

Any of these, or separates from the fourteen preceding numbers, will be sent,
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON,

130 West High Street,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

Page
ALLARD, H. A.: Musical Crickets and Locusts in North Georgia 32

BANKS, N.: New American Mites 2

BUSCK, A.: Two New American Species of the Genus Ethmia 53

DYAR, H. G.: A New Euclea 26

DYAR, H. G.: Two New Species of Laetilia Ragonot 54

DYAR, H. G.: The Larva and Food-Plant of Glyptocera Consobri-

nella Zeller 52

ROHWER, S. A.: A New Genus of Sawflies from Chile 30

ROHWER, S. A.: Some New Wasps from New Jersey.. 49

THIBAULT, J. K., Jr.: Notes on the Mosquitoes of Arkansas 13

WILSON, H. F.: Notes on the Two Papers on Aphididae by Rafinesque 27

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PROCEEDINGS

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON.

Volume XII, No. 2.

APRIL-- JUNE, 1910.

MEETINGS OF JANUARY 6 AND FEBRUARY 3, 1910

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,

QUARTERLY
CARLISLE, PA. WASHINGTON, D. C,

IQIO.

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON.

ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday in each month,
from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M., at the residences of members.

Annual dues of active members, $3.00; of corresponding members, $2.00; initia-
tion fee (for active members only), $1.00.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1910.

President . . O. HEIDEMANN.

First Vice-President F. M. WEBSTER.

Second Vice-President A. L. QUAINTANCE.

Recording Secretary , J. C. CRAWFORD.

Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer E. F. PHILLIPS.

Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture,

Washington, D. C.
Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences A. D. HOPKINS.

Executive Committee.
THE OFFICERS,

L. O. HOWARD, C. L. MARLATT, HARRISON G. DVAB.

Publication Committee.

HARRISON G. DYAR, NATHAN BANKS, J. C. CRAWFORD.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published quarterly by the Society at No. 1 N. Pitt street, Carlisle,
Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms for subscription, $2.00 per annum;
single numbers, 50 cents. Remittances should be made payable to the
Entomological Society of Washington.

Authors of contributions to the PROCEEDINGS shall be entitled to 25 separates of
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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON.

VOL. XII APRIL-JUNE, 1910 No. 2

MEETING OF JANUARY 6, 1910.

The 236th regular meeting of the Society was entertained
by Dr. L. O. Howard, at the Saengerbund Hall, 314 C St.
N.W., on the evening of January 6, 1910, and there were pres-
ent Messrs. Busck, Crawford, Cushman, Davis, Dyar, Fiske,
Gahan, Gill, Hall, Heidemann, Howard, Hunter, Knab, A. C.
Morgan, Peairs, E. F. Phillips, Popenoe, Rohwer, Sanders,
Sasscer, Stedman, Vickery, Van Dine, Webb, Wilson, and
Zimmer, members, and Messrs. Bourne, J. Brunner, Crumb,
Nelson, J. F. Straus, and E. S. Tucker, visitors.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap-
proved.

Messrs. S. E. Crumb, G. A. Runner, and A. I. Bourne, of
the Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agriculture, were
elected active members of the Society.

The first paper of the evening, "The Coccidae Described by
Dr. Asa Fitch," was by Mr. J. G. Sanders.

55

56 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

A REVIEW OF THE COCCID^ DESCRIBED BY DR.

ASA FITCH.

BY J. G. SANDERS.

Dr. Asa Fitch's private collection of Coccidae and his notes
pertaining thereto are now incorporated in the collection of the
United States Department of Agriculture, having been pur-
chased a number of years ago by the Department and brought
to Washington by Mr. Theodore Pergande, along with the
other Hoinoptera of Fitch's collection and his complete notes.
These were in the original peculiar boxes used by Fitch and
were in a fair state of preservation. The writer accordingly
is pleased to state that the types of Fitch's species of Coccidae
are still extant, although contrary statements have been made
at various times. All of his types of Coccidae are filed with
scrupulous care, and a card index of all his species has been
prepared.

During the past few years the writer has made a critical
study of this collection, believing that such study would un-
ravel the almost interminable tangle into which many of our
American scale insects had been drawn. Particularly is this
statement applicable to those of our species of the genus Lc-
caniuui Burmeister.

Great credit must be given Fitch for his exceedingly accu-
rate observations and the careful records handed down to us.
His interpretation of various phenomena was not always cor-
rect, but his notes are so complete that in the light of our
present knowledge the proper interpretation may be made.
For example, Fitch could not understand why some "Leca-
niums" produced a mass of cotton for the reception of their
newly laid eggs, while others were devoid of cotton at the
time of oviposition. Now we know that he confused Pulri-
naria vitis (L-) in an immature stage with Lecaniwn comi'
Bouche, and called them " Lecaninm pyri Schrank," as his
labeled specimens plainly indicate.

Doctor Fitch shared an erroneous idea with many other ento-
mologists, and also with investigators of parasitic fungi of the
times, that a hitherto unobserved host which was infested or
infected must bear a new species of parasite. Many of Fitch's
species are dedicated to a certain host upon no more ground
than this idea. For example, in his notes concerning "Aspi-
diotns corni Fitch MS." (=Lepidosaphes nhni L.) appears
the following paragraph:

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, ]<l|(l. 57

•

For the present I conclude to regard this as being distinct from the
apple bark louse (--Z.. ulini L.). I therefore place it in my collection
under the name of Aspidiotus corni. Certainly there is the same ground
for deeming the species of this genus, which occur upon plants of dif-
ferent genera, to be distinct species, that there is in the genus Lecanium.

There are instances where a single species has been described
under two or three names and each held to be distinct because
they were found upon different hosts, although these host-
plants might be growing side by side; e. g., notes on "Leca-
nium ulmi Fitch MS." ~Lec. corni Bouche contain the fol-
lowing:

May ji, 1854. — I met with this speciee on a young elm, beside Black
Creek, in Chester Martin's meadow, and near it the closely allied Leca-
nium juglandifex and L.corylifex( if these three be not, indeed, one and
the same species).

Under Lecanium corylifex appears the following note:

May 31, 1854, — Found this, plenty, on the under side of hazelnut twigs
in Chester Martin's meadow — L. juglandifex and L. ulmi Fitch MS. in the
same spot.

Again, Lecanium quercifex and L. quercitron is were de-
scribed from specimens on adjacent trees, the former from a
white oak and the latter from a black or quercitron oak, found
on the same day, June 1, 1854. Fitch records seven varieties
of L. quercitronis.

In this connection it must be understood that all of Fitch's
descriptions are based solely upon superficial examination with
a hand lens, of the insect in its natural state, mounted on a
pin or perhaps on cardboard or mica strips. Every little
variation in size, shape, or color was considered important, so
that in his notes Fitch frequently has recorded six or eight or
even as many as fourteen varieties of a supposed species.

Remedies. — In notes on the more important economic spe-
cies, Fitch has recommended various substances and com-
pounds for the control of scale insects, which are among the
most efficient in use at the present time, e. g., soap; strong
lye; potash in water or mixed with lime; whitewash; mix-
tures offish oil and soap. Many curious remedies which were
proposed by various correspondents for scale-insect control are
recorded in the notes, such as solution of aloes in water;
refuse brine of mackerel; decoctions of quassia, tansy, worm-
wood, or other bitter herbs.

To Fitch a scale insect upon a new food plant was a new
species; and he so described it, almost invariably naming the

58 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

species for the host. He reasoned that the coccid was so re-
stricted to its host on account of its sedentary habit, and was so
absolutely dependent upon the host for its entire food supply,
that each tree or plant must bear a distinct species of scale in-
sect, sustained by one particular form of plant sap. Conse-
quently Dr. Fitch's notes record forty-one supposed species of
the genus Lccanimn.

It is now well known that many species of scale insects have
a great range of food plants of widely divergent orders, while
some are quite restricted in habit. It is also known that the
size, shape, and color of scale insects are considerably altered
by transference from one food plant to another.

DISCUSSION.

Fitch recognized but four genera of Coccidae, viz, Dorthesia,
Coccus, Lecanium, and Aspidiotus. Under these genera he
described a large number of manuscript species, many of
which, fortunately, were never published. In some instances
cocoons and egg-masses were mistaken for coccids, as will be
noted below.

DORTHESIA.

Dorthesia cclastri Fitch MS. and D. riburni Fitch MS. are
but the commonly recognized egg-masses of the membracid
Enchenopa binotata Say.

Coccus.

Fitch included in his genus Coccus auct., Coccus cacti^L,.-
Dactylopius coccus Costa; Coccus ado nidum H,.=Pseudococcus
adonidum (L. ); and Coccus pinicorticis—Chermespinicorticis
(Fh.), an aphid.

ASPIDIOTUS.

Under Aspidiotus Fitch included species of four genera rec-
ognized at the present time, viz, Aspidiotus proper, Chion-
aspis, Aulacaspis, and Lepidosaphes. Aspidiotus ancylus
(Putn.) is represented by three manuscript species; Chionas-
pis furfura (Fh.) by two; Ch. pinifoHce (Fh.) by two; Ch.
lintneri Comst. and Aulacaspis rosce (Bouche) by one each;
and Lepidosaphes ulmi L. by four manuscript species ded-
icated respectively to Ulmus, Cornus, Ribes, and Juglans.

LECANIUM.

The genus Lecanium has always been a most obscure group
to entomologists; a genus in which it was much easier to describe

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'lltl. 59

new species than to determine the old ones. The difficulties
encountered in the study of this genus are increased by the
remarkably heavy brown chitinization of the skin of these in-
sects. A partial clearing is affected by boiling them in caus-
tic potash or soda, then washing, dehydrating in alcohol, and
mounting in balsam, but frequently antenna?, legs, and spines
are lost during this strenuous preparation, and until the slide
preparation is complete its value can not be determined.

Much confusion and many erroneous determinations have
resulted from misconceptions of the earlier work on this group.
This misconception is evident not alone in America, but in
Europe there have been described many species by early
writers who considered as most important the following char-
acters in order: the food-plant, color, size, and shape. Six
words to three lines without a figure usually sufficed for an
original description, and consequently in the absence of the
types we are in almost total darkness as to their identity.

In this connection it is very proper to say that more recent
authors, in this day of the efficient compound microscope,
have laid too much stress on variations in color, size, and
shape while hastening to describe new species. Variation is
an important, ever-present factor in Nature's plan, which we
must consider carefully in defining and limiting species.

Prof. Robert Newstead, in his "Monograph of the Coccidse
of the British Isles," and Dr. Paul Marchal, in "Notes sur les
Cochenilles del' Europe," Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. LXXVII,
pp. 223-309 (1908), have taken great progressive steps
toward the solution of the perplexing problems of early syn-
onymy of European species of scale insects. Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell in a letter expressed himself as believing that there
were many more accepted names of Lecaniumsthan discovered
species.

Fitch recognized and described in his notes forty-one spe-
cies and many varieties of Lecaniums. Eight of these were
published as new species, of which two are valid, the remain-
ing six species being synonyms of the common European Le-
canium rorni Bouche. Seven he determined as American
representatives of previously described European species, all
of which determinations were erroneous.

Our common cottony maple scale (Pii/rinur/ci ritis L.) was
described in Fitch's notes under twelve names, four of which
appeared in print. With but one exception these supposed
species were named for their supposed host plants, such as
Pyrus, .SW/.v, Rubiis, Acer, f'/nittf, /\/nts< Plalanus., Ribc*,
Vitis, Madura (Toxylon}, and Ampelopsis.

60 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The following citations and the synonymy of species will
probably be of value to those interested in the systematic
study of scale insects:

PULVINARIA VITIS (Linn.)

Coccus salicis Fitch, 4th Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y., p. 69 (1851).
Lecanium Pyri Fitch (in part) Tr. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., p. 809 (1854).

pyri Fitch (in part) 1st Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. [105] (1855).
pyri Fitch (in part) 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y.,p.352 [34] (1856).
vitis Fitch, Tr. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., p. 387 (1856).
acericorticis Fitch, Albany, (N. Y.) Express, July 2 (1860).
acericorticis Fitch, 6th Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 775 (1801).

LECANIUM CARY/E Fitch.

Lecanium caryce Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y. 443 [125] (185(5).

LECANIUM CORNI Bouche.

Lecanium tilice Fitch (non Linn.) 4th Rep. Reg. Univ. N. Y., p. 69(1851).
pyri Fitch (in part) Tr. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., p. 809 (1854).
cerasifex Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 368 [50] (1856).
ribis Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 427 [109] (1856).
cynosbati Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 436 [118] (1856).
juglandifex, Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 463 [144] (1856).
corylifex Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 473 [154] (1856).
LECANIUM NIGROFASCIATUM Pergande.

Lecanium persicce Fitch (non Fab.), 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 357 [39]
(1856).

LECANIUM QUERCIFEX Fitch.

Lecanium quercifex Fitch, 5th Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 805 [25] (1859).
quercitronis Fitch, 5th Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 805 [25] (1850).

CHIONASPIS FURFURA Fitch.

A spidiotus furfurns Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 352 [34] (1856).
cerasi Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 368 [50] (1856). •

CHIONASPIS PINIFOLLE (Fitch).

Aspidiotus pinifolicE Fitch, 2d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 488 [256] (1856).

Fitch, 4th Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 741 [55] (1858).

AULACASPIS ROS/E (Bouche').
Aspidiotus rosce Fitch, 1st Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 744 [35] (1855).

LEPIDOSAPHES ULMI (Linn.).

Aspidiotus conchiformis Fitch, 1st Rep. Nox. Ins.N. Y., p. 740 [31] (1855).
juglandis Fitch, 1st Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 744 [35] (1855).
conchiformis Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y.,p. 331 [13] (isr.iii.
juglandis Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p. 338 [145] (1856)

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lilld. 61

Aspidiotus circularis Fitch, 3d Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., p.
426 (1856), can never be specifically determined, because the
single remaining type specimen is immature and in poor con-
dition. It appears to be either Aspidiotus ancylus Putn. or
A . forbesi Johns.

Mr. Schwarz related the history of the Fitch collection and
note-books and the method in which part of them had been
purchased by the Department of Agriculture from a dealer in
second-hand books and insects in Philadelphia.

The second paper was by Mr. Knab, as follows.

THE FEEDING-HABITS OF GERANOMYIA.

[Diptera, Tipulidte.]
BY FREDERICK KNAB.

Among the Tipulidse there are a number of genera which
possess a greatly elongated proboscis. This peculiarity indi-
cates specialization in feeding-habit and a natural suggestion
is that these insects feed upon the nectar of flowers or upon
vegetable juices. Definite information upon this subject is,
however, very scant. It would seem that, with the exception
of Geranomyia, nothing has been made known concerning the
feeding-habits of these genera, and even with this genus, so
common in North America, information is meager and un-
satisfactory.

Say, in his original description of Geranomyia rostra fa,
states that this insect occurs "on flowers."

Osten-Sacken makes the statement that in Geranomyia the
proboscis is "used for sucking moisture and flowers, "f

The only definite records I have found are by Robertson
and by Graenicher. Robertson has recorded Geranomyia
canadensis as sucking the flowers of Cacalia reniformis Mulh. ,
a composite % Graenicher has recently reported the same
species as a flower-visitor of the composites Solidago jnncea
Ait. and Rndbeckia hirta L.§ These records are unsatisfac-
tory, at least from the entomologist's standpoint, in that they
do not indicate that more than a stray specimen was seen, nor
supply further data, such as the sex of the specimen or the

*Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Ill, (isi>3), p. '1\\.
tSmiths. Misc. Coll., No. 2U> (ISlili), p. 78.
{Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII (isitii), p. 17!).
§Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc., VII (11)09), pp. rxi, (14.

62 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

time of day. In view of this paucity of information I was
much pleased when opportunity came to observe these neg-
lected insects.

An entomological excursion, on September 19, 1908, led me
up the Potomac to Cabin John, Maryland. Rather late in the
afternoon, emerging from the woods to the banks of the old
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, I came upon a luxurious growth
of Verb esina alterni folia (.L,.) Britt., a yellow-flowered com-
posite, then in full bloom. Frightened by my sudden ap-
proach, two small Tipulidae rose from the flower-heads and
hovered in the air above them, evidently reluctant to leave.
They soon returned to their respective flower-heads and, af-
ter executing for a time a curious, very rapid, vibrating move-
ment by swinging upon their long, slender legs, they probed
eagerly into the florets. They were captured without diffi-
culty and proved to be a male and female of Getanomxia cana-
denis West wood.

The past season I visited the same patch of Verbesina again,
on September 18, and was gratified to find Geranomyia pres-
ent in considerable numbers. It was about 4.30 in the after-
noon and the sun was already low. At first there were but a
few individuals present upon the flowers, very busily probing-
for honey. As the sunlight faded their number increased, so
that soon there were several upon every plant, sometimes two
or three on one flower-head. They would first hover ner-
vously over the flower for a brief period, then descend upon
the flower and for a short interval go through the curious vi-
brating movement, and finally begin work upon the flowers in
the most eager manner. They would walk about upon the
flower-heads and plunge the proboscis deep into a floret
and, after a brief interval, withdraw it and insert it in another;
repeating this many times, each time with a new floret. I
watched the insects for a full hour and saw hundreds of them
within a radius of ten or fifteen feet. The precision with
which they sought the nectar showed very clearly that the
habit was well fixed. All belonged to one species, Gerano-
myia canadensis, and both sexes were represented in about
equal numbers.

It was now evening and growing cool and I turned home-
ward. In passing through a glade beside a stream I found a
number aiGeranomyia upon the flower-head of an Eupatorium
purpureum L-, growing at the edge of the thicket. Here two
species of Geranomyia were present; in addition to the species
already observed, and outnumbering it, was G. rostrata Say.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 63

A little farther on I found both species again upon Solidago
canadensis L., and Geranomyia rostrata, which all through
the glade outnumbered the other species, also upon Solidago
rugosa Mull.

A week later, in an excursion to Lakeland, Maryland, I
observed Geranom\ia again; this time only G. rostrata. They
did not appear until near sunset, and this later appearance here
I attribute to the open character of the region. They were
again upon the flowers of Eupatorium pnrpurcnni and in ad-
dition they visited the flowers of Helianthus strnmosus L.
Still a week later, on October 3, I found an individual of Ge-
ranomyia canadensis upon a flower of Aster cordijolins I_. in
Rock Creek Park (Washington).

Two further records are due to the kindness of Mr. W. L.
McAtee. He observed Geranomyia canadensis on the flowers
of Eupatorium ageratoides L. at Plummers Island, Maryland,
September 12, 1909. Geranomyia dirersa O. S., apparently
a rare species, was taken by him at Beltsville, Maryland, Au-
gust 4, 1909, upon the flowers of Solidago canadensis L.

It is worth noting that all these visits of Geranomyia, those
recorded by others as well as those observed by myself, were
to flowers of Compositae. The flowers of this group of plants
are well understood to be so organized that they are profitable
only to insects which are specialized to reach the nectar at the
bottom of the deep and narrow tube, this latter protecting the
honey from undesirable marauders and rain. When we con-
sider, then, the character of the flowers visited by Gerano-
myia, its proboscis appears clearly as an adaption to flowers,
moreover to those flowers which offer a superior quality of
honey to those insects organized to obtain it. It is rather sur-
prising, with these facts before us, to find that Graenicher, in
his study of the flower-visitors of Composita?, classes Gerano-
mvia among the "allotropous" visitors; that is, those which
are occasional, show little or no adaption to the flower, and
are unimportant to the plant. As to this last I cannot answer,
but certainly Geranomyia, with its long proboscis, is special-
ized to probe into flowers with deep and narrow honey-tubes.
Quite likely the close relation of Geranomyia to flowers has
escaped notice on account of its crepuscular habits. It was
only after I became aware of this that I was able to make
more conclusive observations.

A number of Tipulidce of other genera have been recorded
as flower-visitors by students of the fertilization of flowers by
insects. Knuth, who has brought together the records of in-

64 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

sect visitors of flowers in his "Bliithenbiologie," lists a number
of flower-visiting Tipulidae, mostly observed in Europe. With
the exception of a single Ptychoptera, the species all belong to
Tipula and Pachyrrhiiui. It seems doubtful, however, if all
of these species should be considered flower-visitors. In a few
cases, as in most of Hermann Muller's records, it is distinctly
stated that the insects were sucking or lapping honey; in oth-
ers there is nothing to indicate that the presence of the insect
on the flower was more than accidental. The fact that a large
number of the European records are from Umbelliferae is sig-
nificant; in these flowers the honey is exposed and easily
accessible, thus requiring no specialization of the insect visi-
tor's mouthparts. It does not seem worth while to give all
the European records here.

Apparently but two species of Tipulidae, other than Ger-
anomyia, have been recorded as flower-visitors in North Amer-
ica. Both of these were observed by Dr. Graenicher in Wis-
consin.* He records Tipnla graphica Doanet as a visitor of
the "carrion flower," Smilax ecirrhata S. Wats. (Smilaceae),
and Pachyrrliina pedunculata Loew on flowers of Evonymus
atropnrpnrens Jacq. (Celastraceee).

Two species of Tipulida;, described by Karsch from West
Africa, | have found their way into the records of flower- visi-
tors. They are D/cranomyia tipnlipes and Pachyrrhina fus-
e/pen )ii, both said to occur upon the composite Veruonia seu-
egalensis. It seems quite certain that these should be elimi-
nated. They were components of a collection of Diptera cap-
tured mostly upon the flowers of Vernonia. There were no
notes from the collector to show which of the species he col-
lected actually came from the flowers. It is more than prob-
able that the honey of the flowers of Vernonia would be inac-
cessible to Tipulidae without specially modified monthparts.
These records, indeed, are the only ones, outside of Gerano-
myia with its elongated proboscis, of Tipulidae visiting Com-
positae.

These few observations show how little we know of the hab-
its of the Tipulidae; aside from the flower-visits I do not
recall a single mention of the feeding-habits of this extensive
group of Diptera. Probabty the difficulty of preserving them

*Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc., II (1892), pp. 31, 36.

tThis determination seems open to doubt, as the species was described
from California and its occurrence in Wisconsin would indicate an
unusual distribution.

lEntom. Nachrichten, XII (1886)- pp. 51-53.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 65

satisfactorily, and, in the case of our American species, also
the difficulty of identification, have caused these insects to be
much neglected.

I am under obligation to Mr. E. S. Steele, of the U. S. Na-
tional Museum, for kindly determining for me the plants in my
observations.

Since the above was written Mr. S. A. Rohwer has placed
at my disposal his notes on two flower-visiting species of Ti-
pulidae, observed by him at Florissant, Colorado,' The spe-
cies were determined by Mr. Coquillett as Erioptera caloptera
Say and Helobia hybrida Meigen (the latter is placed as a
synonym of H. pnnctipennis Meigen in the Aldrich Cata-
logue). Both species were found on the flower-heads of the
common cow parsnip, Heracleum lauatnm Michx., July 2-4, in
the heat of the day. Only a few of the Helobia were found,
but the Erioptera was very abundant and he swept many of
them off the flowers with his net in capturing Hymenoptera.
They were present on the flowers only during the heat of the
day and in the evening they were found on leaves or resting
upon the sides of buildings. In view of what has been said
above regarding the preponderance of Umbelliferse in the Eu-
ropean records, the occurrence of two of our species, one of
them in abundance, on a plant of this family, is significant.

Dr. Howard stated that specimens of Geranomyia were
frequently sent in by correspondents under the supposition
that they were mosquitoes, and asked if there was anything in
their habits that caused the error.

Mr. Knab stated that during the day they remained in dark
situations, such as cellars or outhouses, resting on the walls,
just as Anopheles and others mosquitoes do.

Mr. Knab pointed out that the habits of Geranom\ia throw
an interesting side-light on the origin of the blood-sucking
habit in mosquitoes. While the probosces of mosquitoes and
of Geranomyia were developed independently and differ in
structure, they could nevertheless both be considered adapta-
tions to similar habits. In other words, mosquitoes were
originally feeders upon the juices of plants, such as the nectar of
flowers, and in fact many species are exclusively so at present.
The males, which as a whole have continued plant-feeders,
represent, then, a more primitive state in this respect, and

66 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

this is what we should expect, for they are short-lived and
need little nourishment. The prevalent idea, that mosquitoes
are primarily blood-suckers, is erroneous and due to the fact that
the blood-sucking species have forced themselves upon man's
attention; this has led to the assumption that the entire group
are blood-suckers. Most likely less than half of the existing
species are blood-suckers, and the habit in these is developed
in varying degrees. There are species which bite but rarely
and show little aggressiveness. But in others the desire for
blood is the supreme passion and for some of these a blood -
meal is absolutely necessary for the preservation of the spe-
cies; the female must have it to develop her ova. Not only
this, but in one species, the yellow-fever mosquito (Acdes ca-
fapits}, we find the extreme of development in this direction,
an adaptation to a single vertebrate, man. So closely is this
mosquito associated with its host that it cannot exist apart
from him, and it has been shown that the eggs of this species
will not develop properly unless the female has fed on human
blood.

Mr. Hall argued that the existence of the life-cycle of the
malarial organism, with its alternate hosts of mosquito and
man, indicated that the blood-sucking habit of mosquitoes
must be very ancient, as this must have existed before the ma-
larial organism, as such, could be developed.

Dr. Gill replied that in a geological sense the blood-sucking
habit of mosquitoes could be looked upon as recent, just as the
human species must be considered of very recent origin.
Moreover, cases are known where a new habit was acquired
by an animal very quickly. He mentioned several instances
of great perversions of habit being quickly acquired by ani-
mals, due to a new element being injected into a fauna, among
them the flesh-feeding habit of the kea of New Zealand, which
was acquired only after the introduction of sheep into that
country. However, in such instances as the mosquitoes which
carry malaria the delicate correlation indicates that the habit
is one of long standing.

Dr. Gill said that in the study of this problem, of the ac-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 67

quisition by insects of the blood-sucking habit, one must begin
with the natural and work towards the unnatural; that is.
start from the basis that the insects were first vegetable feed-
ers and afterwards gained the blood-feeding habit.

The third paper, by Mr. Ely, was as follows:

NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MICRO-
LEPIDOPTERA.

BY CHARLES R. ELY.
Family PYRALID^.

Acrobasis aurorella, new species.

Head yellow white; palpi yellow white, slightly darker externally on
second joint; thorax gray with pinkish hue; abdomen gray on dorsum,
yellowish on ventral surface, ringed with yellowish above and with whit-
ish below. Fore wings dark gray at base, the scale ridge of the same
color, followed by a dull clay-colored shade, the rest of the wing nearly
uniform pale gray, almost concolorous with hind wings, but somewhat
pinkish and slightly shaded with dark gray along costa and external mar-
gin; discal dotsdistinct, separate; outerline barely discernible, pale. Hind
wings yellow gray. Sexual markings of male as in A. stigmella Dyar
(Proc. Ento. Soc. Wash., x, p. 43, 1<.K>8).

Expanse, 23 mm.

Two males, East River, Connecticut, August 17, 1908, and
Washington, D. C., June 20, 1909 (Chas. R. Ely).
Type: No. 12879, U. S. National Museum.

Acrobasis dyarella, new species.

Head yellow gray, thorax pale gray with ruby red shading: abdomen
gray, ringed with yellowish. Fore wings gray with a ruby-red shading,
which is distributed quite generally over the wing surface, except the poste-
rior margin ; a dark apical shading; discal dots distinct, separate; outer
line distinct, excurved in middle, dentate; no sexual markings in male
on under side of wings.

Expanse, 18 mm.

One male and one female, East River, Connecticut, Sep-
tember 5 and August 12, 1909 (Chas. R. Ely).

Type: No. 12880, U. S. National Museum.

Named in honor of Dr. H. G. Dyar, in recognition of the
encouragement and help that he has afforded the writer in his
collecting and studying the various species of this genus.

68 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Family TORTRICID,^.
Peronia hypericana, new species.

Head, palpi, and thorax pale lavender gray; prominent thoracic tuft,
lower half gray, upper half red brown. Abdomen yellow gray, legs yel-
low gray, shaded with black outwardly. Fore wings with ground-color
lavender gray, the basal half much paler than rest of wing, the two por-
tions being sharply defined by an oblique line, crossing from a point on
costa, one-third of wing from base, to a point on dorsal edge two-thirds
of wing from base; basal half shaded with a few white or pale gray
scales; about one-third of width of wing from dorsal edge, and midway
between base and transverse oblique line, there is a dark red-brown
patch about 2 mm. long by O.iili mm. wide, straight on lower side, some-
what curved above, shaded with yellowish below; outer portion of wing
much shaded with lilac, most pronounced near costa and transverse line,
the latter having also a yellowish shading exteriorly, for two-thirds width
of wing from dorsal edge; a row of small dots of black, raised scales
along transverse oblique line, and a number of similar dots in or beyond
an irregular curved line, from costa at outer one-third to tornus; cilia
yellow gray. Hind wings and cilia yellow gray, similar to abdomen;
lowersideof wings yellow gray, with indistinct dots darker than ground-
color, especially near costal portion of fore wings and posterior portion
of hind wings. There is considerable variation in the coloring of this
insect, particularly in the amount of shading of lilac and yellow scales
and the situation of the black dots on raised scales.

Alar expanse, 16 to 17 mm.

Described from three specimens bred by the writer on Hy-
per i cum prolificum.

Larvas taken May 30, 1909. Imagos emerged June 13 to
22, 1909.

Habitat: Great Falls, Virginia.

Type: No. 12852, U. S. National Museum.

Family (ECOPHORIM.

Agonopterys hyperella, new species.

Palpi pale yellowish, somewhat darker exteriorly, with a few black
scales, black annulation just before tip. Head pale yellowish in front,
top dark gray. Thorax variable, dark yellow-gray to dark lavender-gray.
Abdomen gray, more yellowish below, with row of black dots situated
laterally. Front wings dark lavender-gray, with more or less brownish
shading, less pronounced near costa: near the base a narrow transverse
band of yellowish white which reaches from dorsal margin almost to
costa, within this band the color is about the same as the ground-color

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1010 69

of the wings, but usually contains a few black scales; along the costal
margin there are small black and yellowish patches, alternately arranged,
producing a somewhat striated appearance; a black crescent-shaped line
on disk, wkh white discal spot beyond it. Hind wings smoky gray,
with cilia more yellowish. Legs yellow, much shaded with fuscous out-
wardly, except at joints.

Alar expanse, 15 to 17 mm.

Described from six specimens bred by the writer on H\-
pericuni prolificum. Larvae were taken at Great Falls, Vir-
ginia, April 26, 1909. Adults emerged May 26-27, 1909.

Type: No. 12853, U. S. National Museum.

This species is quite close to curviliniella Beutenmiiller, but
is much darker and somewhat smaller.

Family GELECHIID^.
PTYCERATA, new genus.

Type'. Ptycerata busckella Ely.

Antenna; somewhat serrulate, with very fine, short setae. Palpi with
second joint with Ypsolophus-Vfot brush, rough above; terminal joint as
long as second, at right angles to it and directed upward. Fore wings
elongate, pointed, cilia about apex short; with 12 veins, 7 and S out of 6,
the rest separate. Hind wings under 1, elongate-trapezoidal, apex
pointed, produced, termen emarginate; cilia 2; with S veins, <> and 7 con-
nate, 5 midway between 4 and 6, 3 and 4 widely separate.

This genus is close to Paltodora Meyrick in venation, but
may be separated from it by the palpi, which are similar to
those borne by TpsolopJms Fabricus.

Ptycerata busckella, new species.

Antennae yellowish. Palpi with second joint white above toward tip,
brown below; terminal joint white, shaded with brown. Head and pa-
tagia white; thorax darker. Abdomen and legs yellowish. Fore wings
creamy white, with three small, somewhat elongate brown spots, one on
middle of wing, another on fold below the first and nearer base of wing,
the third at the end of cell. Hind wings smoky yellow, cilia paler.

Expanse, 14 to 15 mm.

Described from five specimens from East River, Connecti-
cut, July 12 to 26, 1909 (Chas. R. Ely).

Type: No. 12881, U. S. National Museum.

Two other specimens are in the U. S. National Museum
collection of slides, mentioned below. One specimen is from
Essex County, New Jersey, June 17, 1900 (W. D. Kearfott),
and the other from Hazelton, Pennsylvania, 1907 (W. G.
Dietz).

70 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Named in honor of Mr. August Busck, to whom the writer
is indebted for assistance in naming and describing this genus
and species, and others referred to in this paper.

Upon taking the specimens from Connecticut, mentioned
above, to the U. S. National Museum for identification, they
were found by Mr. Busck to be identical with a specimen from
which he had prepared a slide in 1900, and had labeled "n.
gen. near Paltodora" but had not described for lack of more
material. Another slide was also found prepared from an
unique specimen from Dr. W. G. Dietz. Mr. Busck very
generously allowed the writer the use of this material for the
purpose of describing this insect.

Gelechia argentipunctella, new species.

Antennae black, with yellowish annulation at tip of basal segment.
Palpi with second joint exteriorly black, flecked with white, anteriorly
white; terminal joint black, white at base and tip. Head and thorax a
very dark purplish, almost black, the posterior scales of thorax pure
white, forming a large white spot, particularly evident when the wings
are folded. Fore wings with the ground-color of the same tint as thorax;
a white spot on costa at the apical third, shaded with black anteriorly;
two black discal spots shaded with white near middle of wing and a sim-
alar one on fold, below the first and nearer the base. Hind wings yel-
lowish, with concolorous cilia; in the male a heavy straw-colored pencil
of long hairs from vein 1 near base on upper side of wing. Abdomen
and legs with ground-color similar to fore wings, with yellowish annula-
tions, rough yellow hairs on hind tibiae.

Expanse, 17 mm.

Described from five specimens from East River, Connecticut,
July 7, 1908, and July 10 to 12, 1909 (Chas. R. Ely).

Type: No. 12882, U. S. National Museum,

This species slightly resembles Gelechia trialbamaculella
Chambers, but may be distinguished from it as well as the
other species of Gelechia by means of the white thoracic spot
and the straw-colored pencil on hind wing of the male.

—Under the heading "Short notes and exhibition of speci-
mens," Dr. Howard exhibited specimens of the membracid
Campylenchia curvata Fab. (fig. 1), which had been handed
to him by Mr. Vernon Bailey, of the Bureau of Biological
Survey, with the statement that he had found them clinging
to the stem of Astragalus gracilis at Marmath, North Dakota,
July 31, among the seed-pods of the weed which they so

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910.

71

closely resembled that they were not noticed until the plant
was taken out of its envelope and examined closely, and then
only when they moved. After death the legs and wings un-
folded to some extent, showing the black body, thus partly

J

FIG. 1. — Campylenchia curval/i ;md host plant.

destroying the resemblance. Seeds of the plant were also
shown, and a drawing by Mr. Strauss, indicating the insects
and seeds in position. The case is an extraordinarily perfect
one of special protective resemblance. The mernbracid in
question is widely distributed in the United States and has a
variety of food-plants, the resemblance, however, being most
effective when feeding upon this species of Astragalus.

72 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

-Mr. A. C. Morgan recorded an observation upon the toxic
effect of the food of the host upon its parasites. He said:

"Upon undertaking the investigation of insects affecting to-
bacco in Tennessee in 1907 I expected to find that Apan teles
congregatus Say exercised a very appreciable control of the
tobacco horn- worms Phlegethontius, scxta Joh. and P. (/nin-
quemaculata Haw. Exactly the contrary was found to be the
case in so far as control upon tobacco was concerned. Almost
daily observations were made in the field during the latter
half of July, 1907, and during August and September, with
the result that only two parasitized larva: of Phlegethontius
were collected from tobacco. In one field of tobacco a row of
tomatoes had been planted in the place of a row of tobacco.
A count of the tobacco worms upon this row gave 67 parasit-
ized and 37 unparasitized. More than 200 lame were ob-
served upon the nearby hills of tobacco and not a single one
was parasitized by Apantcles.

Observations during the seasons of 1908 and 1909 gave the
same resnlts as obtained in 1907. Wherever Phlegethontius
larva: were found upon tomatoes or upon wild solanaceous
plants a considerable parasitism by Apantcles always occurred.
In 1908 not more than 10 Phlegethontius larvae were found
upon tobacco parasitized by Apanteles, although more than
5,000 were collected and more than as many more came under
the observation of the collectors. The percentage of parasit-
ism upon tobacco was practically the same in 1909. Only occa-
sional parasitized .specimens were found.

Further, it is entirely possible and more than probable that
the few Phlegethontius larvas that were found parasitized
upon tobacco had crawled upon the tobacco after being para-
sitized upon the wild solanaceous plants that were growing
in and around the fields. In 1909 several tobacco worms were
found parasitized upon Physalis sp. growing within a foot of
tobacco plants and not a single parasitized individual could be
found upon the tobacco.

In the absence of more conclusive proof I have tentatively
assigned the reason for the lack of the parasitism of Phlege-
thontius larvae by Apanteles, when feeding upon tobacco, to
the toxic effect of the nicotine contained in the tobacco.

-Mr. Hunter outlined the work being done on the insects
affecting cactus, commenting on the fact that insects which
were once regarded as beneficial by destroying the cactus plants

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 73

were now called injurious, since the plants have acquired value
for forage.

-Mr. Fiske gave in brief the life history of one of the spe-
cies of the chalcid genus Perildmpus, which will soon be pub-
lished in full elsewhere.

—Prof. J. M. Steadman, being called upon by the Society,
spoke of the changes since the early days, when the Society
was small and only a few members present at the meetings.

-The following papers were accepted for publication:

NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF MEGALOPYGE ALLIED TO
OPERCULARIS SMITH AND ABBOT.
[Lepidoptera; Megalopygidae.]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

We have in the southern Atlantic States a single species of
Mcgploaygc, the well-known M, operculuris of Smith and
Abbot. This is an intrusion into our fauna of a tropical
American element; the species of Megalopyge allied to oper-
culuris are not uncommon in Central and South America.
The center of distribution, where the most species occur, ap-
pears to be in Mexico. This may represent the geographical
origin of the group, whence members have strayed to the
North and to the South. Several forms occur in Venezuela
and the Guianas, and I include others from Brazil, but these
latter have already departed considerably from the typical ap-
pearance of the group. The species which I at present refer
here may be separated as follows:

Fore wing without any pale whitish patch at the base:

A subterminal series of double black bars salebrosa Clemens

Without this character —

Outer margin broadly clear yellow to anal angle-
Yellow margin broadest at apex bissesa Dyar

Yellow margin broadening toward tornus—

Dark shading not reaching the base pellita Felder

Dark shading reaching the base agesistrata Druce

Outer margin more or less shaded or encroached upon by brown
shading-
Wings more elongate, the outer margin straighter; costa
usually black-marked nearly to apex-
Wing with a yellow margin briseis Dyar

74 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Wing without a yellow margin —

Subterminal line narrow, broken, remote from mar-
gin ............................................. govana Schaus

Subterminal line broad, shaded, «"" Herrich-

rather near the margin

Wing less elongate, the outer margin more convex; costa
not black-marked beyond outer fourth-

Male with a white subterminal band ..... amita Schaus

Male without such a band-

White markings forming a row of spots between
the veins outwardly .................... ornata Druce

White markings more generally developed but not
forming distinct outer spots

opercularis Smith and Abbot
Fore wing with a pale whitish patch at base:

Outer margin clear yellow, the basal shading dark and purplish-
Male with an outer white line ..................... xanthopasa Sepp

Male without such a line ............................. dcjoliata Walker

Outer margin overspread with brown —

Female dark brown, without distinct outer pale line

trnjillo Schaus

Female a little paler and more diversified, with more distinct
traces of an outer pale line .......................... trnjillina Dyar

Female with yellow under-ground still more diversified

codiopteris Dyar

Megalopyge salebrosa Clemens.

Oylothrix salebrosa Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,xii, 522

1860.

Gasina agdamea Druce, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist. (0) v, 216, IS'.tO.
Oylothrix salebrosa Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 775, 1S!»2.
Megalopyge agdamea Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 846, 1892.
Gasina agdamea Druce, Biol. Cent. -Am., 'Lep. Het., ii, 431, 1S!»7.

I have this well-marked species from Orizaba, Jalapa, and
Coatepec, Mexico. Druce had also a specimen from Guate-
mala. It is not very close to our opercularis, but is the first
species in which the yellow ground and dark basal shadings
appear. With its row of submarginal dashes it recalls M.
mida Cramer, a species of another group, and also, by a
change of color, forms a starting-point for the albicolis group.
This seems to be a synthetic form and perhaps indicates the
origin of the group. I have determined this species as Mega-
lopyge tharops Stoll, but further study of Stoll's figure indi-

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 75

cates that this is improbable. The figure may be very poor,
but it represents a black patch below the end of the cell, which
is the very part of the wing where salebrosa never has a black
mark. I have not been able to identify Stoll's figure with
specimens, but can not think that it can possibly be a syno-
nym of Megalopyge lanata Stoll, as it has been referred.

Megalopyge agesistrata Druce.

Gasina agesistrata Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (<i), v, 217, 1800.

Megalopyge agesistrata Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 84(i, 1892.

Gasina agesistrata Druce, Biol. Cent. -Am., Lep. Het., ii,432, 1S97

I have no specimens of this species, but it is evident from
the figures that it is a form in which the basal dark shadings
are much reduced and have retreated from the margin of the
wing. It is reported from Central America and the east coast
region of Mexico.

Megalopyge bissesa Dyar.

In this species there is a wide yellow margin on the wing
which is unusually sharply limited and distinct. It is known
from the edge of the Mexican tableland and from Arizona. It
is a more northerly distributed form, yet does not come as
close to our opercularis as does the following.

Megalopyge ornata Diuce.

Lagoa ornata Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., i. 214, 1S87.
Lagoa ornata Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 472, 1892.

This species is not figured in the Biologia, but I think that
I have correctly identified it. One of my species is labeled
"agesistrata" and a specimen of the following speciemens is
labeled "ornata" . The determinations are by Mr. Schaus, and
his work was carefully done. However, I think both deter-
minations are wrong, due to the special difficulties of the case.
The specimen labeled " ornata" is so close to what I take to
be the real ornata that the misidentification might easily be
made unless the localities were specially considered. I iden-
tify specimens from Druce's type locality, Cordoba, Mexico,
and refer the Venezuelan specimen to the following. We have
here a species closely allied to our opercularis, in fact distin-
guished only by minor characters, the distribution of the fugi-
tive white-scaling on the wing. In ornata the white forms
a row of submarginal dots which are not developed in oper-
cularis. This form is apparently the one that gave rise to our
opercularis, the habitats of the two being continuous along

76 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. No specimens, however, have
been received from the intermediate points, so it is not known
whether the habitats are actually contiguous.

Megalopyge briseis, new species.

Ocher yellow, overspread with brown, the brown shade reaching the
margins of the wings, a dark-brown shade from base to end of the cell
over basal two-thirds of fore wing, intensified on costa, end of cell and
submedianly in the male, less so in the female and replaced by an ocher-
yellow patch on the inner margin; tips of the woolly hairs marked with
white, forming illy defined median marking and in base of cell.

Expanse, male 37 mm., female 50 mm.

Ten males, three females, Merida, Venezuela (S. E. Bricefio,
P. Dognin, O. Staudinger).

Type: No. 13004, U. S. National Museum.

The species is very close to ornata Druce, but is larger,
generally darker-shaded, with less yellow on the outer mar-
gin, the wings more drawn out, with a longer, straighter outer
margin, while the whitish markings of the wings are reduced
and do not form spots.

Intermediate between the two forms are certain males from
Costa Rica which I refer to ornata. However, their wings
are distinctly more produced than the true Mexican ornata,
though less so than in the Venezuelan briseis, while the white
spottings are distinct. A single male from French Guiana
agrees entirely with these, but I refrain from drawing positive
conclusions about the geographic distribution without longer
series of specimens. The characters of these closely allied
forms do not appear well except in series.

Two of the specimens were identified as agesisirata Druce
by Mr. Dognin, but I think the basal dark shadings are too
extensive for that species. The identification as ornata by
Mr. Schaus is referred to above, while another labeled chry-
socoma Herrich-Schaeffer by Dr. Staudinger is referred to
below.

Megalopyge megalopygae Schaus.

Edebessa megalopygfE Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. xxix, 336,
190-5.

This species is as dark as trujillo, but retains a yellow shade
along the margins of the wings and on the thorax. It is
allied to briseis and is an intensification of that type. The
very long, narrow wings induced its original reference to
bessa, but it has not otherwise the structure of that genus.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lull). 77

Megalopyge pellita Felder.

Lagoa pellita Felder, Reise d. Novara, iv, pi. S3, fig. 20, 1S74.
Lagoa polita Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 472, 1S92.
Lagoa pellita Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 922, 1892.

Felder figures a single female from French Guiana. The
dark median shade is well developed, but is well separated
from both base and margin. I have several males from this
region, close to ornata, briscis, and gornna, but think they
are not to be associated with^W//A/.

Megalopyge govana Schans.

Megalopyge govana Schaus, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxx, 139, 1904.

Only the single male type from Omai, British Guiana, is
certainly referred here. The wing is heavily overspread with
brown, the white markings forming a line bent inward at
vein 2. The French Guiana specimens referred to above un-
der pellita may belong here, but they are lighter and yellower
on the margin. The wing-shape of all is as in briseis, but
the specimens are smaller. A good series of both sexes is
needed for a positive opinion.

Megalopyge defoliata Walker.

Alpis defoliata Walker, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., v, 1094, 1S.V-.
Alpis defoliata Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 541, 1S92.

The identification is based upon a female compared by Mr.
Schaus with specimens in the British Museum. The species
is from Mexico, and I have a number of specimens from that
region. It differs from the forms heretofore considered by a
whitish patch at the base of the fore wing in both sexes. M.
defoliata in a strongly-marked, dark-shaded species, with yel-
low margin.

Megalopyge codiopteris Dyar.

Also from Mexico. The form is closely allied to defoliata,
but throughout lighter, the margin more overspread with
brown and less contrasted.

Megalopyge trujillina Dyar.

Like the preceding, but still browner, with less ocherous
tint, more uniformly colored.

Megalopyge trujillo Schaus.

Megalopyge trujillo Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, :>s. isiiti.
Still darker than the preceding, the ocher tint almost wholly
lost.

78 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

These four forms form a close series, but as they are all
from Mexico and the same faunal region I think they are more
probably species than varieties. The life histories will have
to be studied to clear up this point finally.

Megalopyge xanthopasa Sepp.

Phalxna xanthopasa Sepp, Surin. Vlind., i, pi. 14, 1828.
Alpis xanthopasa Walker, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., v, 1095, 18.">f>.
Alpis (?) xanthopasa Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 542, 1892.

Described from French Guiana. The male shows in the
figure a white patch at the base of the fore wing, and I think
this should have been shown in the female also. The species
is close to defoliata Walker, but the white submarginal line is
more developed and in the male prominently cuts across the
markings.

Megalopyge amita Schatis.

Megalopyge amita Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., viii, 229, 1900.

The white outer line is here rather prominent, but is now
running across the basal purple field which extends outward,
leaving only a very narrow yellow margin. The pale discal mark-
ing is represented, but there is no white basal patch. The
species is from the State of Parana, in Brazil. We have now
reached forms differing widely from the operailaris type, and
also widely separated geographically.

Megalopyge undulata Herrich-Schaeffer.

Chrysopyga undulata Herrich-Schaeffer, Aussereuerop. Schmett.,

fig. 378, 1878.

Megalopyge undulata Burmeister, Desc. Rep. Argent., v, 27.'!, 1882.
Megalopyge fnliginosa Moore, Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Liverpool,

xxvii, 256, 1883.
Megalopyge undulata Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 846, 1892.

I have only a female of this form from Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
It is a dark brown, the ocherous tint all gone, as is also the
paler margin, while the paler outer line and discal mark are
prominent. This is clearly a further development of the ten-
dencies shown in the preceding species. Berg describes a va-
riety vulpiua from the Argentine which, he says, is smaller,
the wings more rounded, with slight differences in coloration,
all consonant with the distribution into a more temperate cli-
mate.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 79

Megalopyge aricia Schaus.

Megalopyge aricia Schaus, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxx, 1:5!), 1904.

Described from Aroa, Venezuela. Two males are before
me, which look as if they might belong to uiidithita. If it
were not for the different localities I should so refer them, but
with only males of aricia and only a female of niidn/ata, I
must wait for further information.

Megalopyge chrysocoma Herrich-Schaeffer.

Chrysopyga chrysocoma Herrich-Schaeffer, Aussereuerop,Schmett.,

fig. o76, 1855.
Chrysopyga pelhicida Moschler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxvii,

67, 1877.

Prismoptera trossula Dognin, Le Naturaliste, xiii, 126, 1891.
Prismoptera trossula Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 716, 1892.
Megalopyge pellucida Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 846, 1892.

Herrich-Schaeffer figures a male with yellow body and gray
wings. I have a specimen of trossnta Dognin in which the
wings are nearly entirely denuded of scales, but a few dark-
gray ones remain at the base. Moschler described pellucida
from one female which was so "stark geflogen," as he says,
that he refrained from making a figure of it. The wings were
nearly entirely denuded of scales, though a few ocher-yellow
ones remained. There is little satisfaction in attempting to
identify species based upon such badly flown specimens, but
something must be done with the names, and I think they
might as well rest under the synonymy of chrysocoma. I
have a specimen of br/seis, referred to above, that was sent to
me by the late Dr. Staudinger under the name chrysocoma.
I have only Herrich-Schaeffer's figure to go by, no descrip-
tion, but I think that it represents a species with gray wings
rather than one denuded of scales. However, Dr. Staudinger
evidently thought otherwise, and, as chrysocoma was de-
scribed from Venezuela, he identified Venezuelan specimens,
which had the yellow body, as chrvsocoma. I am not sure
that he was right. However, I have before me several species
with uniform gray or brown wings and with the bod}' more
or less yellow, viz, nilpina Schaus, bnigca Schaus, omayana
Schaus, and an undescribed species from French Guiana, so that
the combination of gray wings and yellow body is perfectly
possible. It seems to me that Herrich-Schaeffer would not so
have represented a denuded wing.

This species is, of course, not allied to the opercn Inn's group,
except distantly. The yellow body is retained, but the wings
have lost all trace of yellow as well as markings. I will not
pursue the chain of relationships any further, since it has
already led us far enough from the group under consideration.

80 PROCEEDINS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOMA FROM

COSTA RICA.

[Lepidoptera; Stenomidce.]
BY AUGUST BUSCK.

Stenoma liniella, new species.

Labial palpi dark ochreous; second joint dark-shaded externally. Face
and head ochreous fuscous. Thorax ochreous fuscous with a deep black-
ish brown central longitudinal line. Forewings broad with evenly rather
strongly curved costa, bluntly pointed apex and straight termen and dor-
sum; light ochreus with three dark fuscous outwardly oblique cross-lines
as in Stenoma tristrigella Zellerand with a dark line around the entire
edge; the first and second cross-lines are nearly straight and parallel from
basal third and from the middle of costa respectively, and both curve
slightly outward, as they approach the dorsal edge; the third line, which
is nearer to the second than this is to the first, is bent outwardly in a
gentle curve and meets the second at the anal angle. Hindwings light
fuscous, darker towards the tip. Abdomen dark fuscous. Posterior
legs light ochreous.

Alar expanse, 32-34 mm.

Habitat: Sixola River, Costa Rica (Wm. Schaus").
Type: No. 13202, U. S. National Museum; cotype in Brit-
ish Museum.

Stenoma fraternella, new species.

Labial palpi ashy gray with ochreous base. Head and thorax dark
fuscous. Forewings shaped as in Stenoma elegans Zeller, but hardly as
pronounced; dark brownish fuscous with a dusting of silvery scales and
three oblique dark-brown cross-lines; these are about equivalent and all
nearly parallel; one from basal third of costa, one from the middle, and
one from apical third, the last nearly straight across the tip of the wing,
the two others gently curved outward as they approach the dorsal edge,
which they do not quite reach. Hindwings dark fuscous. Both pairs
of wings on the underside with bright-yellow costal edges. Abdomen
dark fuscous above with reddish ochreous cross-bars; underside light
ochreous. Hind legs light ochreous; tarsal joints with tuft of hairs on
upper side in continuation of the tibial tuft.

Alar expanse: 34-38 mm.

Habitat: Juan Qinas, Costa Rica (Wm. Schaus).

Type: No. 13203, U. S. National Museum; cotype in Brit-
ish Museum.

This species would, on account of its peculiar wing- form
and of its tufted tarsi, fall in Zeller's genus Loxotoma, which,
however, as I have shown before, cannot be maintained as a
sound genus.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 81

ON THE IDENTITY OF CULEX PALLIDOHIRTA.

[Diptera; Culicidae.]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR AND FREDERICK KNAB.

Grossbeck described Culex pallidohirta in 1905 (Can. Ent.,
xxxvii, 359) from two female specimens bred May 5 from
pupae collected in the Orange Mountains, New Jersey. The
supposed species is very unusual in appearance, the whole dor-
sal region of the abdomen being covered with grayish silvered
scales. One of the type specimens is in the U. S. National
Museum and has been often examined by us. It is an Acdes,
and it would seem as if other specimens should have occurred
among the early spring collecting during the last five years
if the species were really valid. But none have been found.
We have been suspicious of the species for this reason, and
also for its freakish appearance, but have been hitherto unable
to suggest any plausible explanation. We have, therefore,
been obliged unwillingly to list Acdes pallidohirta as a valid
species known only by the two type specimens.

Recently, however, light has been thrown upon the matter
from a most unexpected quarter. A lot of mosquitoes in alco-
hol were submitted to us for determination, collected by a
correspondent of the U. S. Public Health and Marine Hospital
Service in Malaga, Spain. Two species were contained in the
sending, which we were enabled to positively identify by the
male genitalia as Cnlex pipiens Linn, and Acdes calopus. Meig.
Of the latter, several specimens were taken from the alcohol
and dried, when, to our surprise, three females exhibited the
abdomen suffused with dull silvery all over the dorsum, while
two males were normally marked. These females possess the
peculiar scaling on the clypeus absolutely diagnostic of the spe-
cies, even when the thoracic markings are lost, but of the lyre-
shaped marking there are distinct traces in one specimen,
though on a very light ground. The palpi are broadly silver-
scaled at the tip; the leg markings are normal; in one specimen
the abdomen is silvery gray on the sides, but the lateral spots
still show as a brighter silvery; in another there are some black
scales laterally, especially around these spots, most numerous
on the posterior segments. The identity of the species is, there-
fore, perfectly obvious in this case, while the conclusion is
justified that the silvery suffusion of the abdomen is not a
specific character in Acdes. Moreover, it is not even truly
varietal, but in the nature of an aberration or a freak.

Applying this conclusion to Aedes pallidohirta > it is easy to
recognize in the supposed species merely a freakish specimen

82 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

of Acdes fuscus O. S. In fact, we are able to detect in our
specimen of pallidohirta the white lateral line on the abdomen
characteristic of fuscus.

It is probable that this silvery scaling may occur on other
parts than the abdomen, for instance on the legs, in which case
Acdes nivitarsis Coq. will be seen to be only an aberration of
Acdes canadensis Theob., as Dr. Ludlow formerly suggested
to us.

We are ignorant of the cause of this peculiar variation. It
cannot be produced by the fluid in which the specimens were
preserved, because the males of calopns from Spain, preserved
in the same bottle with the females, were not thus affected,
and because Mr. Grossbeck's type of pallidohirta was not put
in fluid. It cannot be due to the specimens having been wet
on emergence in the breeding jar, because the specimens from
Spain were not bred, but captured, some having blood in their
stomachs. It seems doubtful whether the chemical contents of
the water is the cause, for while pallidohirta and n in' tarsi's
both came from pools on the mountains of New Jersey, the
aberrant calopns could only have bred in water-vats or other
artificial receptacles in Malaga, Spain. Moreover, normal exam-
ples of canadensis were bred from the same pools as \.\\z pallido-
hirta, at the same time, as Mr. Grossbeck states, and these
should have been similarly affected if the composition of the
water were the cause.

We can only suggest the action of cold upon the newly formed
pupa?. W. H. Edwards and others have shown that the
effect of cold upon the newly formed pupa? of Lepidoptera is
to produce a suffusion of the colors, the light colors being
extended and enlarged at the expense of the dark ones, as in the
peculiar form calverleyi of Papilio asterias. The similar suf-
fusion of the white abdominal or tarsal bands of the Acdes
might produce the peculiar effect noted. That this is a possi-
ble explanation is supported by the facts that the calopns from
Spain were taken in December, while the New Jersey insects
were bred from early pupae in the spring of 1905. The writers
have cause to remember the late snows and cold of that spring,
which hampered them in their collections of the early mosquito
larvae in Massachusetts and northern New York. That the
Aedes canadensis in the same pool were not similarly affected
by the cold, as were the fuscus into a pallidohirta form, may be
explained by their having pupated later, after the cold spell.
Mr. Grossbeck states that they emerged later than \btpallido-
htrta.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1010. 83

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SOUTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR.
Family LIPARID^.
Mantuda chironomus, new species.

Chocolate brown, anal tuft red-brown, base of thorax and abdomen
white below. Fore wing chocolate brown, sparsely irrorate with black
dots and strigae; a broad inner red band, angled in the cell and edged
without by a narrow whitish line; a large round discal mark, olive-brown,
edged with darker and preceded by a dull whitish crescent broken in the
middle; a narrow whitish outer line, bent outwaid below subcostal vein,
slightly flexuous, curved a little at its termination at anal angle and fol-
lowed by a red-brown shade. Hind wing white, except the costal third,
which is colored like the fore wing.

Expanse, 35 mm.

Three males, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana (W.
Schaus); Omai, British Guiana (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13061, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to Mantruda erratica Schaus, but larger and more
strongly marked.

Mantruda mollis, new species.

Similar to the preceding, but narrower-winged, paler brown; the inner
band is edged on both sides by white and cut off from both costa and
inner margin; the discal mark is a double whitish diffused blotch; the
outer line starts near it subcostally, is angled strongly downward and lost
below. Hind wing semihyaline rather than white, the costal portion
brown, thickly irrorated with white scales.

Expanse, 35 mm.

Two males, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, April,
1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13062, U. S. National Museum.

Mantruda signata, new species.

Wings long and narrow; fore wing milky brown, with a rusty red
shade on the area above vein '1 beyond the middle of the wing; sub-
basal shade broad, dark brown, oblique, terminating subcostally and
edged with a whitish line; a small quadrate spot on costa at basal
third; discal mark whitish, overspread by the red shade except in its
lower segment, which is yellow-white and distinct; outer line whitish,
faint, bent at vein 5, lost below; a broad apical dark-brown shade, ter-
minating above vein '1. Hind wing white, the costal area purplish
brown.

84 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Expanse, 37 mm.

One male, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March,
1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13063, U. S. National Museum.

The above rust-brown shade is not improbably due to stain,
the normal color would be uniform dark brown shading above
vein 2, intensified in the subbasal mark and apical shading.

Caviria mentor, new species.

White. Fore wing with a brown shade at end of cell with a dot above
it and one touching its inner termination; a row of curved blackish
dashes concentric with this marking beneath; first in cell at vein 2, second
below vein 2, third in interspace 2-3, fourth in 3-4, fifth in 4-5.

Expanse, 30 mm.

Antennal pectinations pale brown.

One male, St. Laurent, Maroni River, French Guiana, De-
cember, 1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No, 13064, U. S. National Museum.

A robust species, like Caviria tibialis Walker, with opaque
wings.

Caviria suppura, new species.
White; fore wing with a row of small black dots in the fringe.

Expanse, 23 mm.

Two males, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, April,
1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13066, U. S. National Museum.

Slenderer than the preceding, with less opaque wings, but
still with the normal wing-shape; not, for example, as in Ca-
viria regina Cramer.

Caviria saphena, new species.

White, the extreme costa of fore wing sometimes with a little black
lining; pectinations of antennas brown; fore and mid legs ocher yellow
with small .black spots on the joints, the hind legs white, but with the
black specks at the bases of the joints.

Expanse, male 27 mm. ; female 37 mm.

Four males, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, March,
1904 (W. Schaus); one male, one female, Cayenne, French
Guiana, January, 1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13067, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.HO. 85

Caviria parthenica, now species.
White; pectinations of the antennas pale yellowish, long.

Expanse, 28 mm.

One male, Rockstone, Essequibo River, British Guiana,
September, 1904 (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13069, U. S. National Museum.

Caviria taus, new species.

Fore wing yellow-brown, dusted with white, the veins about the cell
white-lined; a browner shade in and beyond the cell; a yellow shade at base
of cell; a blackish streak on submedian fold near middle with white dot
at either end, sending oblique streaks to the inner margin; the white
shadings form a wavy submarginal line. Hind wing white. Body white,
the abdominal rings shaded with grayish. All white beneath.

Expanse, 19 mm.

One male, Cayenne, French Guiana, February, 1904 (W.
Schaus).

Type: No. 13068, U. S. National Museum.

Family EUPTEROTID^.
ZAPHANTA, new genus.

Fore wing with vein Ic absent, '1 from near middle of cell, 3 from just
before angle, 4 at angle, 5 from middle of cell, (i from below upper angle,
7-8 stalked, !» absent, 10-11 stalked. Hind wing with vein ."> from above
middle of cell, 7 from well before end of cell, 8 curved and remote from
7. Wings angled at middle of outer margin; antenna; bipectinate to tip,
the pectinations shorter beyond the middle; palpi short, just reaching
the frons; tongue obsolete; frenulum present.

Zaphanta infantilis, new species.

Head and collar rust-yellow; body shaded with light purple-brown.
Wings ocher-yellow, a patch of purple-brown at the base of each; fore
wing with the apex lighter yellow, crossed by a narrow black line,
thrice waved; disk sparsely irrorated with black, which forms an indis-
tinct outer wavy line; a purplish marginal shade which comes out strongly
on the hind wing.

Expanse, 20 mm.

Four males, Rockstone, Essequibo River, British Guiana
(W. Schaus); St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana (W.
Schaus).

Type: No, 13065, U. S. National Museum.

86 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Family LACOSOMID^.
Pamea maroniensis, new species.

Body gray-brown. Wings reddish ocher, becoming purplish brown
on the outer margin of fore wing and apex of hind wing; a dark discal
dash and narrow outer lines separating the colors.

Expanse, 30 mm.

One male, Cayenne, French Guiana, June, 1904 (W.
Schaus).

Type: No. 13070, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to Pamea excavala Walker, but the wings are of two
colors, while the outer line is distinctly drawn.

Cicinnus stenia, new species.

Male blackish brown, female pale umber brown; discal mark and an-
gulated outer line very faintly indicated.

Expanse, male 45 mm. ; female 64 mm.

Seven males, two females, Para, Brazil (C. F. Baker).

Type: No. 13071, U. S. National Museum.

Closely allied to CiciiuiHs cumona Schaus, known only in
the female, but larger and with the outer line more squarely,
less obtusely angled. The wings of the male are very narrow
and falcate.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.llO. 87

MEETING OF FEBRUARY 3, 1910.

The 237th regular meeting of the Society was entertained
by Dr. Dyar at the Saegerbund Hall, 314 C St., N.W., on
the evening of February 3, 1910, and there were present
Messrs. Allard, Banks, Barber, Bourne, Burke, Busck, Cau-
dell, Crawford, Dyar, Ely, Gahan, Hall, Hammar, Heide-
mann, Hopkins, Hyslop, T. H. Jones, Knab, A. C. Morgan,
Peairs, Popenoe, Quaintance, Rohwer, Schwarz, Smythe,
Viereck, Vickery, and Zimmer, members, and C. W. Hooker,
C. B. Hardenberg, N. Kourdumoff, -Scott and E. S. Tucker,
visitors.

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and ap-
proved.

The report of the committee on the George Washington
Memorial Building reported on the progress of the enterprise
and on motion the Society decided to send a subscription list
to the members in an endeavor to find how much would be
subscribed, and the committee was instructed to confer with
the Corresponding Secretary on the sending of the subscrip-
tion list.

The paper of the evening was by Mr. Banks, entitled, "Fam-
ily Distribution and Faunal Areas."

88 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

FAMILY DISTRIBUTION AND FAUNAL AREAS.
BY NATHAN BANKS.

All of us have looked at the prettily colored maps of the
fauual areas of the world or of parts of it, arid have wondered
at the windings of black lines up and down and across the
map and have admired the genius that constructed the plan.

But I think that nearly all who have taken some interest in the
geographical distribution of certain restricted groups have
concluded that their particular group was of abnormal distri-
bution; that it did not follow the maps.

These faunal maps have been made mostly for the larger
animals, and doubtless for tht-m fairly accurate. It is my pur-
pose to show in this paper that any one map of faunal areas
will not explain the distribution of all groups. In other
words, the faunal areas vary with the family, or even genus.
If, for example, we consider the distribution of the neurop-
terous family Panorpidae (scorpion-flies) in our country the
first point we note is the great distinction between the Eastern
States and the Western Region. The largest genus, Panorpa,
is common all through the Eastern States, and absent from
the Western States, unless a Mexican species may occur in
Southern California. The genus Bittacns is also common in
the East, but not very common in the West, and there repre-
sented by peculiar forms. The genus Boreas occurs across
the northern part of the United States, as common in the
Northwest as in the East. The genus Panorpodes has but
two species — one in North Carolina, one in Oregon. There
is nothing in this distribution to show the relation of the Cal-
ifornian fauna to that of Europe, for Panorpa is common in
Kurope, and their Bittacus are more like our Eastern species
than like the Western ones.

If we look at the species of Panorpa we can readily see
faunal areas in the East. So if one were to map the distribu-
tion of our Panorpidse he must show the distinctness of the
eastern and western regions and that the eastern region is
more like that of Europe.

If, for example, we consider the distribution of another
neuropterous family, the snake-flies (Raphidiidse), we come to
very different conclusions. This family has many species in
Europe; in America they are common in the Western States,
absolutelv absent from the Eastern States. Neither is it a
family of boreal distribution, for none occur far north and one
occurs in Baja California. As with the Panorpida?, one must
emphasize the difference between Eastern and Western faunas,
yet the Western is the one with relations to Europe.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 89

If, now, we look at the distribution of the orb-weaving spi-
ders (Epeiridaa) in our country, we note at once that there is
little difference east aud west, but much greater difference
north aud south. Many of the northern forms are European
species and range from Maine to Vancouver. A peculiarity
of these northern species is trnt they extend farther south in
California than in the Eastern States. Similarly the genera
like Acrosoina, that extend up from the South into all parts of
the southern United States, range farther northward in the
Eastern States than on the Pacific Slope. With these south-
ern spiders we can trace the extension of southern faunas up
into valleys that open to the South. So if we map the distri-
bution of our Epeiridse we must pay little attention to eastern
and western areas, but to northern and southern; to the ex-
tension of northern forms southward along -mountains, and
the extension of southern forms northward along valleys and
coastal plains. There is nothing in this family to show that
the western forms are more European than the eastern ones.

The small neuropterous family Mantispidae is of southern
origin, and extends in our country northward along valleys
and plains, in the East into Massachusetts, and in the central
plain into Canada.

If we consider the distribution of the Phalangida in the
United States, we must lay stress on the difference between
eastern aud western forms, and that the western is more
European. The families Nemastomatidse and Trogulidse,
fairly common in the West, are almost absent in the East, and
then only in the Northeastern States. In the Phalangida we
notice also this northern fauna extending across the country,
farther southward in the West than in the East; but in this
case there are few species that extend across the country, but
the genera have such an extension. Although there are vari-
ous elements in the West that show relation to Europe, yet
the largest genus in the family Liobunum is more abundant
in Europe and the Eastern States than in the West. In the
Phalangida we must also call attention to the forms, like Cy-
norta, that have spread northward from Mexico and the West
Indies. This genus has different species in the East than in
West, and in the East ranges farther northward. So in the
Phalangida we get a combination of the distribution seen in
the other groups considered; the relation of the Californian to
the European, the genera that spread up from the South, and
the genera that extend across the North. But all through
runs the difference between the East and the West.

90 OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910.

If we consider the neuropterous family Hemerobiida? we
reach other conclusions. The genus Hemerobius is a northern
one and common in Europe and the northern United States.
But the species from the Western States are not more like the
European than the eastern forms; indeed, the species most
abundant in the East is a common European species. The
genus Micromus in our fauna contains two different elements;
one of the northern species occurring in mountainous regions
is the same, or closely related to certain European forms;
the other element represents species derived from the Alicro-
miis species that occur in all tropical countries; these are much
more widely spread and much more abundant than the north-
ern forms, which are rare and local. Our most striking heme-
robiid is Polystoechotes, fully as abundant in the Northwest
as anywhere, yet there is no such form in Europe; they have
Osmylns fairl37 common, while we have none. Their Drepa-
ucpteryx is most closely related to our Lomamyia, which is of
southern distribution; their D ilar occurs with us only in the
Southeastern States. The genus Sympherobius is of similar
distribution. This exhibits another point, the similarity be-
tween the Southern part of the United States and Southern
Europe. Taken as a whole the hemerobiid fauna of Europe is
more like that of the Eastern than the Western States.

If we examine the distribution of the caddice flies of the fam-
ily Limnephilidae, we see that our entire limnephilid fauna is
closely similar to that of Europe. There are no southern
forms of these to spread up over the south or Atlantic coast.
Yet in the United States we can readily detect differences be-
tween eastern and western faunas. While there are many
that are of northern distribution, the eastern fauna as a whole
has more resemblance to the central and southern European
forms, while the western and Pacific Northwest is more re-
lated to the north of Europe and to Russia and Siberia.

None of these families that I have mentioned are dependent
upon vegetation for distribution; most of the species are pre-
daceous; but the habits of each group are quite different from
the others.

The southern extension of northern species varies with the
family; in Micromus and some northern Epeiras, they extend
across the country, usually in the high mountains. With
others, as Phalaiightm cincrciim, they extend southward
into western North Carolina and into western New Mex-
ico. The northern extension of southern species is also vari-
able; in some cases, as in Mantispa and LatJirodcclcs, they go
up into New England and Canada; with most species, how-
ever, the range is less extensive.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, ]<UO. 91

It is not necessary to go on with other families; it is evident
that as far as insects and arachnids of this country are con-
cerned, one cannot make a map that will express the faunal
areas of all families.

It is evident, I think, that the distribution of a group does
not depend entirely upon the contour of a country, its plants,
geological history, or distribution of other groups, but is
partly due to the origin of the group and to its methods of dis-
persal. Other causes may affect the distribution of a group;
such as whether its immature stages are passed under ground
or above ground, or whether the winter is passed in egg-stage
or as a partly grown insect; whether it feeds in adult condition
or not, etc.

These same facts will, I believe, be found to influence the
distribution of a group throughout the world.

In the family Myrmeleonidre (ant-lion flies) there are a few
genera like Myrmelcon and Acanthaclisis that occur in all
countries, and Glenurus in all tropical regions. A few gen-
era, like Dendroleon, are common to Europe and North
America, but our most characteristic genus, Brachynemurus,
does not occur in Europe, but in Central and South America.

The most characteristic African and Indian genus, Pal-
pares, extends into Southern Europe, but not in Japan, while
several other European genera occur in Africa. But the Aus-
tralian forms, while showing affinity to the European fauna
by having Formicaleo and Gymnocnemia, do not have Pal-
pares and Toinatares or any allied forms. Nor do these latter
genera extend into the Malay region, or Insulinde. None of
the Australian forms show any particular relation to the
South American fauna. However, if we take the family Nem-
opterida-, we find that the Australian forms show relation to
India, Persia, South Africa, and Chile, as well as less closely
to North Africa and to South Europe.

The flying power of an insect has little to do with its dstrii-
bution; the dragon-flies of the Eastern and Western United
States are more different than some groups of lesser flying
capacity.

The spread of an insect is not accidental, nor due to a
scarcity of food, but to the desire of the fertilized female to
deposit her eggs away from the place of her birth. The hin-
drances to distribution vary with each species.

Considering these facts, I think we should not attempt to
make maps of the distribution of groups much larger than
families, nor draw generalizations from one group expecting
they will apply equally as accurately to other groups.

92 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Mr. Schwarz said that the distribution of insects is not as
simple as other forms of life and that they do not follow the
rules laid down by the students of bird and mammal life. In
each order of insects there are different rules, and each should
be studied by itself. Insects which are independent of plant
life do not follow the distribution of the plants, but one must
be careful that the insects are entirely independent, for while
directly independent, they may feed on insects living on plants,
as in the case of the Coccinellidae. In such cases they must fol-
low the plants, but, as is often found, the range of the insects
will not be as great as that of the plants, In the future it may
be found that insects like the Carabidae, which are appa-
rently independent of plants, may feed on a certain substance
which requires the presence of certain plants and so be forced
to follow the distribution of the plants.

Mr. Banks stated that insects which feed on plants are
necessarily bound by their distribution, but that insects which
do not, are not bound by the rules governing the distribution
of plants, and cited many additional examples.

Dr. Hopkins said that in the study of distribution one
must be exceedingly careful of the literature, which is full of
misidentifications, and in this manner liable to lead the stu-
dent astray.

—Under the heading "Short notes and exhibition of speci-
mens," Mr. Crawford showed a copy of Dr. Schmiedeknecht's
treatment of the Hymenopterous family Chalcididae, just pub-
lished in the "Genera Insectorum." He said:

"This formidable appearing quarto volume covers 550 pages,
with 8 plates, of which the index consists of 50 pages. As
stated in the introduction, the classification adopted by Dr.
Ashmead is closely followed, the noticable changes consisting
of calling the group a family instead of a superfamily and the
adoption of 16 subfamilies instead of the 14 families of Ash-
mead. The additions in subfamilies are the Leucospidinae,
which are presented as distinct from the Chalcidiuae (the two
were considered as two subfamilies in the family Chalcididae
by Ashmead), and the Eupelmina- as distinct from the En-
cyrtinae (Dr. Ashmead considering these two as subfamilies in
the family Encyrtidse). Otherwise the grouping is the same,

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 191(1. 93

with the family name changed to subfamily and subfamily to
tribe, etc.

"So closely, indeed, has Dr. Ashmead been followed that
the tables are largely a translation of his, with the addition of
a few of the genera described since they appeared. This slav-
ish following of Dr. Ashmead has naturally resulted in the
perpetuation of the obvious important errors in his tables and
has also resulted in the present work being no advance over
the former, a circumstance greatly to be regretted in a pub-
lication of this character and magnitude.

''In the table of subfamilies, the axillae of the group called
the Macrocentri are said to have the anterior margin straight
and back of a line drawn from tegula to tegula. In many
genera this margin is not straight and is produced forward,
most noticeably so in such genera as Tanaostigma. Again,
the Megastigminae are said to have but one spur on the poste-
rior tibiae, although as long ago as 1875 Dr. Gustav Mayr, in
his revision of the TorymidcC of Europe, correctly stated that
they had two. The antennae of the genus Lelaps aresaid to
be 14-jointed, with 2 ring joints, but I cannot find in any species
examined more than one ring joint, making the antennae only
13-jointed. In this connection it might be added that in the
general characters given for the Chalcididae Dr. Schmiede-
knecht has stated that at most the group has 13 joints to the
antennae, although he has assigned 14 to Lelaps and gives
the genera Sacharissa and fciichun'ssa, which are stated to
have from 16 to 22.

"Another serious omission is the leaving out of a list of the
genera which the author has not included in his tables. Dr.
Ashmead gave such a list and none of the genera included in
his list are accounted for in any manner, the student being led
to believe that all the described genera have been tabulated.
Among the genera which were entirely missed by Dr. Ashmead
and not picked up by Dr. vSchmiedeknecht may be given
Aif/troc/ins Rubsaamen, Hcplacondyhi Rondani, Simopterus
Foerster, and Stichocrcpis Foerster. To a different category
belong the following genera, which, although known to Dr.
Ashmead, were omitted from his tables and not gathered up
by the present author: Aphylis Howard; Ano.:ns Koerster;
C/irvsoc/Kinnles Ashmead; Chrysocharoideus Ashmead.

"The whole group is said to be parastic, with the exception
of the Isosomini, and yet the genus Bruchophagus Ashmead,
which is phytophagous, is assigned to the Kurytomini, and the

94 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

three genera described by Dr. Mayr in the Perilampidae which
are gall makers and are entirely omitted.

"It has been stated above that only a few of the genera de-
scribed since the appearance of Dr. Asbmead's tables have
been included. Since some of the genera described in 1907 are
included, it seems fair to assume that the work was not con-
cluded until that year. Taking for a basis the Zoological
Record, which is probably the most accessible of works which
give a list of the genera and species described during the year,
one finds that in 1904 there are 14 new genera, of which Dr.
Schmiedeknecht includes 10; in 1905 the Record gives 10
genera, and 5 are included; in 1906, 15 genera are given and
none of them are included; in 1907, 16 are given and 8 in-
cluded. This makes a total of 23 genera included out of 55
given in the Zoological Record.

"From this it would appear that the literature since the time
of Dr. Ashmead's tables was largely unknown territory to the
author, and this belief is further strengthened by the omis-
sion of the various corrections to Dr. Ashmead's tables, which
were published soon after the appearance of his work.

"Some of the generic names proposed by Dr. Ashmead in
his work on the work on the Chalcidoidea were preoccupied
and in the same year he gave new names to 6 of these genera,
but the corrections are not in Dr. Schmiedeknecht's work. The
genus Sericops is still retained in the Perilampidce, although
Dr. Mayr, in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien for 1905, trans-
ferred it to the Eurytomiui. In the same periodical for the
following year Dr. Mayr reduced his genus Colyostichns to a
synonym of Heterandrinm and also transferred Aepoccfus
Mayr to the Torymidse; neither of these changes has been in-
dicated.

"In 1906 Dr. W. A. Schulz published in his Spolia Hymen-
opteralogica many corrections and additions to Delia Torre's
catalogue of the Hymenoptera, among them being a number
of species of Chalcididse described by Ashmead in 1888, and
these have not been included. This brings one to the consider-
ation of the list of species given by Schmiedeknecht. My card
catalogue of species of chalcids described since Delia Torre's
catalogue is arranged with the genera alphabetically, and
of the first 200 species in this list described between the date
of closing of Delia Torre's catalogue and the end of the year
1907, Dr. Schmiedeknecht has given only 103, which is gro-
tesquely incomplete.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lull). 95

"Among the numerous minor errors may be cited that the
type of the genus Neocatolaccus Ashmead is not N. tyloder-
iinc Ashmead of the Mem. Carn. Mus. , without description,
but Catolaccns Ivlodcrnnc Ashmead, which was described
years previously and which in this work is still cited under
Catolacais. The genera Encyrtocephaluf , D/noi/ra, Brack v-
scelidiphdga, and Diaiilomorpha were all described by Dr.
Ashmead in the Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.W. in 1900,together with
their type species, and not in his classification of Chalcidoidea.
A perusal of the alphabetical list of genera given by Dr. Ash-
mead at the end of his work would have saved Dr. Schmiede-
knecht these as well as other errors in citation."

— Mr. Schwarz exhibited living and alcoholic specimens of
the large coccid Llaveia axin Llave (Family Monophlebidce).
The specimens were found by him last December at Tampico,
Mexico, thickly covering the branches and thicker twigs of
several different trees (the names of which could not be ob-
tained) in a very circumscribed locality during the month of
December. All bushes and lower vegetation beneath the in-
fested trees were killed by the fungus growing on the saccha-
rine exudation of the coccid. Some of the males were seen
flying about the trees, but no coccinellid beetles or any other
enemies of the coccid could be seen ; nor were the coccids attend-
ed by ants. Living specimens kept in a tin box without food
are still alive and excrete a much more copious cottony excre-
tion than when the species was observed in nature. The paper
label in the vial in which the alcoholic specimens were kept
has acquired a beautiful pink color.

-Mr. Caudell said:

"Thunberg in 1815 erected the genus Conocephalns with sev-
eral species under it. One of the originally included species,
hemipterusu. sp. , has quoted under it as a synonym the (*r\l-
liis ( Tettigonid} conocephalus of Linnaeus. The original
inclusion of a species conocephalus in the genus of the same
spelling, even though in synonymy, is considered as coming
under the rule of type selection by absolute tautonomy, and thus
conocephalus Linnaeus, of which the later described hemipterus
Thunberg is a synonym, is the type of Conocephahis Thun-
berg. This fact has been quite universally conceded for some
years and cannot well be ignored. Otherwise I would ear-

96 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

uestly advocate disregarding it, as its recognition results in a
most serious revolution in our orthopterological nomenclature.
This disastrous effect is due to the fact that the type species
conocephalus is not a member of the g^ntis Conocephalus as that
term has been understood for almost a century. It is, on the con-
trary, what we have known for many years as Xiphidium.
Hence our well-known genus Xiphidium, correctly spelled
Xiphidion, is relegated to the synonymy under Conocephalus.
Thus we lose from our lists this universally known genus and
the even better known genus Conocephalus is worse than lost,
being retained, but in an entirely different sense. Confusion
does not stop here, as further disastrous results follow. Thus
the subfamily Xiphidina? now becomes Conocephalinae, while
the subfamily hitherto known as Conocephalinae must now be
called by the unfamiliar name Copiphorinae, the oldest in-
cluded genus, after the removal of Conocephalus^ being Copi-
phora Serville. The species commonly placed in the genus
Couocephalnsa.TiQ distributed among Karny 's genera Neocono-
cephaliis, Euconocephalns, and ffomoccryphus. Karny di-
vided what he considered Conocephalus into three subgenera,
naming all of them as above. This was wrong, as one of the
groups into which a higher one is divided must retain the old
name, but in this case the genus treated as Conocephalus was
not really that genus, not having included the type species.
Thus all three of Karny 's names can be used.

"Of the subfamily Copiphorinae (Conocephalinae as hither-
to understood) I have a new genus represented by two female
specimens from the upper Pequini River, Panama, collected
by Mr. Allen H. Jennings in Match, 1909. This genus I call
Dectinomima, in reference to the remarkable superficial re-
semblance the species bear to certain of our Decticimu. The
absence of plantulae beneath the hind tarsi and the lack of
spines on the anterior tibiae above preclude its being classed
in that subfamily. The foramina of the anterior tibiae are
shell-shaped, the pronotum is without carinae and all the fe-
mora and tibiae are spined beneath. The elytra are scarcely
visible beneath the pronotum. The ovipositor is short, stout,
and strongly curved upwards. The species, which I call
/eiiniugsi in honor of the collector, is black, with the fore and
middle legs and top side of the hind femora reddish brown.
The tip of the ovipositor is reddish tinged, and the end of
the fastigium is light yellowish in color. The basal segment
of the antenna is black, but the succeeding two or three are
tinged with reddish. The eyes are brownish. The fastigium

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, HHU. 97

is a little broader than the basal segment of the antenna, but
does not project beyond it.

"Length: Prouotum, 10 mm.; femora, 23 mm. ; ovipositor,
10 mm.

"Type: No. 12918, U. S. National Museum.

"This species was collected in bromelias."

-A note by Mr. W. D. Pierce on the nest-building habits of
Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens Buckley was presented:

"Having in mind a discussion of the construction of nests
by Pogonomyrmex ants in the West which was taken up by
the Society at its meeting February 10, 1906, I wish to add
the following interesting notes.

"On July, 23, 1907, at Childress, Texas, I was very much
surprised to find a nest of Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens
Buckley with two openings about 10 inches apart, each
of whicn was the center of a wreath-like mound of the hull
of a common grass. This grass has been determined for me
by the botanists of the Department of Agriculture as Andro-
pogou torreyanus Steud. (Amphilopis torreyanus Nash. ) Two
wreaths were interlocked about 1 foot in diameter each,
and 2 to 3 inches thick, composed of nothing but the hulls
of this one species of grass. No other nests in the vicin-
ity had this strange character. I have never since then seen
any nests of this species quite so strange.

"At the same time and not so very far distant from this pe-
culiar nest was the nest of another colony of the same ant
which was shared with an equally large colony of Stenamma
{Ischnomyrmx) cockerelli Andre. The two species seem to
live together in perfect harmony. The immediate surround-
ings of the nest were composed entirely of little pellets of red
earth, while in an outer circle with a radius of over a foot was
a ring of black cinders about a quarter of an inch in diameter.
As I have never noticed a colony of Pogonomyrex associated
with any other ant, I assume that this note may be of impor-
tance.

"While I have no definite observations on record concerning
the activity of Pogonomyrmex, I have nevertheless observed
that this ant is most active in the hottest part of the day.
The most noticeable exception to this activity which I have
noticed was during the month of August, 1909, when the tem-
perature was above 100° F. most of the time. It was very
noticeable that the Pogonomyrmex did not come out of their
nests during the hottest part of the day, especially when the

98 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

temperature was up to 114° F. , with a ground temperature of
140° F. It seems to be entire!}' too hot for these ants, and i
found that during this period the time of their greatest activity
was iii the moruing and toward sunset. It is also noticeable
that the foragers are not very far from the nests on cloudy
days, and when a rain seems imminent the ants are clustered
within a few inches of the entrance to the nests."

—Mr. Hyslop presented some biological notes on 77ierez>a
egressa Coquillett. He said:

"Ou May 24, 1901, a large white larva was found in a
wheat field south of the town of Pullman, Washington.
When found it had its head and first four anterior segments
inside of an elaterid larva. It had eaten a hole through the
third ventral thoracic segment and was feeding on the viscera
of the elaterid.

"Description — Larva. — The larva is cylindrical, 25 mm. in
length and 1 mm. in width. The color is glistening white
and semi-translucent, the brown contents of the alimentary
canal showing as a median dorsal stripe. The head is dark
brown and very small.

"The larva continued to grow, feeding on one or two
elaterid larvae every day until June 10, when it pupated.
Just before pupating it measured 30 mm. in length and 1.7
mm. in width, the thoracic segments being much swollen.

"Description — Pupa. — The pupa is white in color, with
brown shadings about the head and thorax. Measures 15 mm.
in length. Two large conical horns arise directly in front of
the eyes and are directed outward; two more similar but
smaller horns are situated on the anterior dorsal part of the
thorax near the sides. A large lateral spine is located on the
thorax and a row of post-stigmal spines are on the abdomen.
The abdomen is further ornamented by a transverse row of
smaller spines on each segment except the last two. The
terminal segment is provided with a pair of apical spines.

"On June 24, 1909, a female therevid emerged from this
pupa and was determined by Mr. D. W. Coquillett as Thereva
egress a Coq."

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'Hll. 99

The following paper was accepted for publication:

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PSENID WASPS FROM THE

UNITED STATES.

[Hymenoptera; Psenidae.]
BY S. A. ROHWER.

If in general Dr. Ashmead's classification of the Sphecoidea
is to be followed, and the genera Pscn and Pemephredon, as
understood by Latreille (Free. car. gener Insect, 1796) are
to be united in the same family, the name should be Psenidae
and not Petnphredonidse, as Dr. Ashmead has it, because Psen
was described on page 122 and Pemphredon on page 128.

According to many authors these two genera have been
made the types of two distinct families, and by some have
been widely separated. Such wide separation has been due to
the fact that some authors have considered cubital venation
to be of the greatest importance. This view of the great
importance of venation is gradually being given up and
students are looking to the body itself for the principal
characters and treating the appendages secondly. Such
a method of study will no doubt bring about a more natural
classification. It is, however, to be expected that in many-
perhaps a majority — cases the characters of the appendages
will correlate so well with the body characters that a satisfac-
tory arrangement could be built up on characters easily seen
on the appendages. But until such relationships have been
fully established the body should be carefully studied.

Whatever may have been the origin of the Pseninae and
Pemphredonina^, there can be but little doubt that at the
present they are closely enough related to belong to the same
family. An examination of the type genera of the two sub-
families will show that the thorax and abdomen are much the
same, but that the head of Pemphredon is larger, and has the
antennae inserted close to the clypeus. In the wings Pem-
phredon differs in the loss of the first transverse cubitus. All
these differences do not hold throughout the two subfamilies,
however, for in Ammoplanus, Diodontits, and in some species
of Passalcvcns the head is smaller, and has more the shape of
species found in Pseninse. The position of the antenna1 is as
in Pemphredon, and at least one transverse cubitus is want-
ing. The difference in venation between the types of the two
subfamilies is not as great as the difference between Stignius
and Pemphredon, both belonging to the Pemphredoninae.

100 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

For in Stigmns, and allies, the second recurrent nervure is
wanting; and the presence or absence of a recurrent nervure
is of far greater importance than the presence or absence of
one of the transverse cubiti. As far as known the habits of
the two subfamilies are much the same.

The above remarks should justify the uniting of Psen and
Pemphredon in the same family.

Psenulus (Neofoxia) sayi, new species.

Belongs near tibialis Cress., but the sculpture of the dorsu-
lum is not as strong, the mesopleura is sparsely punctured,
not striato-punctate, the head more shining, and the abdomen
with a broader red band.

Female — Length (i mm. Anterior margin of clypeus gently rounded,
not dentate or notched; front closely punctured, vertex and posterior or-
bits shining and very sparsely punctured, carina from anterior ocellus
complete and distinct; a depression beside each lateral ocellus; dis-
tance between the lateral ocelli slightly greater than the distance between
one of them and the nearest eye margin; flagel robust, the first joint
slightly longer than second; dorsulum and scutel with distinct, well sep-
arated punctures; mesopleura similarly punctured; enclosure well de.
fined, with some oblique stria*; furrow of the posterior face deep; rest
of the metathorax finely striated, with a tendency to reticulations on the
sides; third transverse cubitus sinuose; second cubital narrowed about one"
half above; femora robust; abdomen elongate, petiole shorter than the rest
of the segment, flattened above: pygidium narrowed slightly apically,
finely granular. Black; flagel beneath and tegulaj testaceous; four ante-
rior tibiae and tarsi, hind tibiae and tarsi at the base whitish; all of the
second and third abdominal segments bright red. Wings clear hyaline,
iridescent; venation dark brown.

Type locality : Onaga, Pottawatomie County, Kansas(Creve-
coeur).

Type: No. 12356, U. S. National Museum.

This is the species recorded as Mimesa pauper from Texas
by Cresson in Hymenoptera Texana, but it is much different
from that species, in venation and sculpture as defined by Fox
and Packard.

Psenulus (Neofoxia) brevipetiolatus, new species.
Very distinct in the short petiole and simple clypeus.

Female. — Length !> mm. Middle of the anterior margin of theclypens
truncated, the sides rounded, without teeth; a line-like furrow from ante-
rior ocellus to base of clypeus; front finely granular; vertex and posterior

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 101

orbits punctured, the vertex more finely so; flagel robust, the first joint
distinctly longer than the second; dorsulum and scutel with distinct sep-
arated punctures; mesopleunt granular, the central part more finely so;
enclosure with irregular strut; metathorax granular with a fine rugose
appearance on the sides, middle furrow distinct; femora very robust,
hind tibia1 arcuate in the middle when seen from above; second cubital
strongly narrowed above: venation as in Neofoxia; petiole shorter than
the remaining part of the segment, widening apically, flat above with
the margins distinct: abdomen narrow, elongate: pygidium very narrow,
fully three times as long as wide, coarsely granular. Black; flagel tes-
taceous; mandibles, apex of second, and most of the third segment
rufous; teguht, turbercles, and four anterior tibiae and tarsi whitish:
hind tarsi brownish. Wings hyaline, strongly iridescent; venation dark
brown.

Tvpc locality: Los Angeles County, California, (Coquillett)-

Type: No. 12355^ U. S. National Museum.

Psen (Mimesa) similis, new species.

Belongs to group nigra and in the long antennae is related
to longicornis and mcllipcs, but is perhaps nearer to nigra or
mi\ia. The slender antennae, striato-punctate vertex, narrow
distance between the lateral ocelli, almost impunctate meso-
pleurae and dorsulum, the large, smooth space in the enclosure,
and slightly dusky wings will serve to distinguish this from its
allies.

Male. — Length a little more than 5 mm. Anterior margin of the cly-
peus notched; supraclypeal area finely granular; frontal carina notstrong
but present; head finely striato-punctate, the punctures in same places
more abundant than the striae; distance between the lateral ocelli much
less than the distance from one of them to the nearest eye margin; an-
tennas a little longer than the head and thorax, simple, not clavate,
third joint about the same length as fourth; dorsulum, scutellum, and
mesopleurae shining, with only a few widely separated small punctures;
enclosure with a few slightly oblique striae, the diamond-shaped area
large and smooth; rest of the metathorax except the finely granular
pleura1 finely reticulate; legs and venation normal, petiole trisulcate, about
the same length as the hind femora; abdomen broadened and not es-
pecially elongate. Black; the four anterior tarsi pale brown, silvery
pubescence not dense. Wings slightly dusky hyaline, iridescent, vena-
tion dark brown

Type hca/ity: Florissant, Colorado, July 17, 1907 (S. A.
Rohwer).

Tvpe: No. 12357, U. S. National Museum.

102 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Psen (Mimesa) floridana, new species.

Entirely black and runs in with regularis or Icncopus in
Fox's tables, but is not related closely to these or to any North
American species described. In many ways the fauna of the
coast southeastern region of Florida is distinct from the rest
of the United States, but has related forms in the neighboring
islands. Dr. Ashmead had given this species the manuscript
name floridana, and it is used on that account.

Female.— Length 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus rounded)
slightly irregular medially; front striato-punctate, vertex and posterior
orbits with small separate punctures; frontal carina not reaching the
clypeus; ocelli in a triangle, the distance between the lateral ones less
than the distance from one of them to the nearest eye margin; flagel ro-
bust, the first joint distinctly longer than the second ; dorsulum striato-
punctate; scutel with widely separated, distinct punctures, mesopleurae
shining, with small separated punctures; enclosure with a few strong
rugae, a smooth diamond-shaped area apically; metathorax above retic-
ulate, below and on the pleurae granular; petiole strongly trisulcate and
longer than the hind femora; second cubital narrowed more than a half
above; legs normal; pygidium narrowed apically, and with large sepa-
rate punctures. Entirely black except the whitish anterior tarsi; wings
dusky hyaline, iridescent, venation black.

Type locality : Biscayne Bay, Florida.
Type: No. 12360, U. S. National Museum.
The sculpture of this species is very fine, and above descrip-
tion was made from magnification of 35 diameters.

Psen (Mimesa) erythopoda, new species.

Belongs to group Kohli of Fox and may be easily recog-
nized by the rufous four posterior femora, the striated enclos-
ure at the base of metathorax, and smooth mesopleurse.

Female. — Length 10 mm. Clypeus rather strongly convex, the ante-
rior margin broadly notched medially; mandibles broad and very robust:
deep furrows nearly encircling the lateral ocelli: head shining with a few
rather small punctures, the punctures closer in the postocellar area,
dorsulum with larger punctures, posteriorly these punctures become con.
fluent and irregular striae take the place of the punctures; scutellum
with well-separated punctures; mesoplurae and metapleurae shining, al-
most impunctate: the enclosure with strong, longitudinal strut; posterior
face of the metathorax rugoso-renticulate; petiole longer than the hind
femora; hind tibiae with short spines, its inner spur slightly flattened and
broadened medially; prygidum long, well defined, granular, a series of
punctures around the margin. Black, with the usual silvery pile; basal

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, Kill). 103

half of antennas, including scape, tegulae, anterior tibia;-, four posterior
femora and tibiae (the middle femora are blackish basally), red; tarsi pal-
lid; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation pale brown.

Type locality: Great Falls, Virginia, August 22 (F. Knab).
Type: No. 12362, U. S. National Museum.

Psen (Mimesa) punctata v. Carolina, new variety.

Female.— Length VI mm. Very \\\ae pttnctata Fox, but is larger, the
basal joints of the flagel, the tibiae and tarsi, and petiole are red, the
pubescence of the face is slightly golden, and the facial quadrangle is
slightly narrower.

T-vpe locality : Raleigh, North Carolina, September 12, 1905.

Type: No. 12363, U. S. National Museum.

Psen (Mimesa) coquilletti, new species.

Related to proximo. Cress., but the distance between the
lateral ocelli is greater than the distance between one of them
and the nearest eye margin, not equal to it; enclosure has a
median furrow; head is not "closely punctured"; and other
characters. The species described by Cameron, colorado-
cnsis and interstitialis, have the clypeus different, and the
male differs from Cameron's description in the metathorax not
being reticulate, the tarsi are not tectaceous, etc.

Female. — Length a little over it mm. The sharply defined produced
middle portion of the clypeus with low rounded teeth in the middle, front
closely punctured, vertex and occiput shining, with widely separate punc-
tures; no frontal carina, although a broad depressed line extends back-
ward from the anterior ocellus; a depressed area at the side of each lat-
eral ocellus; flagel stout, the first joint distinctly longer than the fourth;
dorsulum and scutel dull, with widely separate punctures; mesopleura-
granular; enclosure not sharply defined, with slightly oblique stria:, a
medium furrow extending down the posterior face; metathorax with
rather strong striae dorsally on the plurae, the striae are weak; second re-
current nervure interstitial with the second transverse cubitus; second
cubital narrowed above a little less than half; petiole stout, a little shorter
than the hind femora, nearly flat above; pygidium rather broad, with
distinct punctures; abdomen elongate. Black; flagel and teguhi- testa-
cous; tarsi and part of the tibiae brown; most of abdominal segments
two and three dull red. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent: venation dark-
brown. Silvery pile rather more abundant than usual.

Male. — What may be the male has the clypeus gently rounded and
simple, the dorsulum more shining, and the flagel darker.

T\pe locality: San Diego County, California, female; males
Los Angeles, California (Coquillet); and two males, Southern
California, in the Fox collection.

Type: No. 12861, U. S. National Museum.

104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. XII, 1010.

Ceratophorus gennelli, new species.

Related to tcna.\ (Fox), but may easily be distinguished by
the smooth, itnpunctate enclosure of the metathorax, more
sparsely sculptured head and dorsulum, shorter tibial spurs,
and other characters.

Female. — Length about (5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus shal-
lowly tridentate; head with small separate punctures, not much thicker
on the front; third antennal joint slightly longer than the fourth ; space
between the lateral ocelli much less than the distance from one of them
to the inner eye margin; dorsulum and scutellum sculptured similar to
the head ; mesoplurne somewhat more coarsely sculptured: enclosure of
the metathorax smooth, shining, impunctate, except at the base, which
has short, longitudinal striae : the rest of the metathorax with small,
irregular punctures, median furrow deep ; petiole rather stout, a little
longer than half of the hind femora, above with rather large, irregular
punctures; legs and venation normal; abdomen smooth, shining; pygidial
area with separate punctures. Entirely black; venation black, wings
dusky; hair gray.

Type locality: Pasadena, California, May 31, 1909 (F.
Grinnell, jr.).

Type: No. 12865, U. S. National Museum.

Passaloecus melanognathus, new species.

Easily known from other described Nearetic species by the
black mandibles.

Female. — Length 7.5mm. Mandibles punctured at the base; anterior
margin of the clypeus tridentate, the teeth narrow: front punctato-gr: .
ular below, punctured above, vertex and orbits with punctures more sep-
arated; distance between the lateral ocelli subequal with the distance
between them and the nearest eye margin; scape broadening apici. ^,
third joint one-third longer than fourth; dorsulum and scutellum with
distinct separate punctures; no foveolate lines on the dorsulum, nor are
the lateral margins foveolate; mesopleurae with smaller punctures; meta-
thorax coarsely reticulate, the pleurae more finely so and anteriorly gran-
ular; legs and venation normal, the second cubital narrower than usual:
abdomen as usual. Black; a narrow line on scape and a very small spot
at extreme base of mandibles dull yellowish. Wings hyaline, slightly
dusky, iridescent; venation deep black.

Type locality: Oregon (Koebele).

Type: No. 12866, U. S. National Museum.

Actual date of issue, June 75, IQIO.

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Notes on a few apparent cases of synonymy in Lepidoptera. By Harrison

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Notes on the species of Acrobasis, with descriptions of new ones. By

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I'.y Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 5 pp 10

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Injury to oak forests in Texas by Heterocampa manteo Doubleday. By

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species, iiy Nathan Banks. 1908. 4 pp 10

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON,

/ 1 N',,rtli I'itl isuv.-i

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

Page
BANKS N.: Family Distribution and Faunal Areas 88

BUSCK, AUGUST: New Species of the Genus Stenoma from Costa

Rica .80

DYAR, H. G.: Notes on the Species of Megalopyge Allied to Opercu-

laris Smith and Abbot 73

DYAR, H. G.: Description of New South American Lepidoptera 83

DYAR. H. G., and KNAB, F.: On the Identity of Culex pallidohirta... 81
ELY, CHARLES R.: New Speciesof North American Microlepidoptera 67
KNAB, FREDERICK: The Feeding-habits of Geranomyia 61

ROHWER, S. A.: Descriptions of New Psenid Wasps from the United

States 99

SANDERS, J. G.: A Review of the Coccidas Described by Dr. Asa

Fitch... . .")(,

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Volume XII, No. 3.
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1910.

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PROC. ENT. SOC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME XII, PLATE V.

HENRY ULKE.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON.

VOL. XII JULY - SEPTEMBER, 1910 No. 3

SPECIAL MEETING OF FEBRUARY 19, 1910.

The special meeting of February 19, 1910, was called to or-
der at 4 p. m. in the office of the Division of Insects, U. S.
National Museum, with the President in the chair and the fol-
lowing present: Messrs. Banks, Barber, Busck, Caudell, Coquil-
let, Crawford, Crumb, Ely, Gill, Hammar, Heidemanu, Hys-
lop, Knab, Morgan, Pergande, Popenoe, Rohwer, Sasscer,
Schwarz, Smythe, Vickery, Viereck, Webb, Webster, and
Zimmer, members, and Messrs. Snodgrass and Straus, visitors.

The chair announced the death of Mr. Henry Ulke, an
honorary member, and a committee consisting of Messrs.
Banks, Schwarz, and Viereck was appointed for the purpose
of drawing suitable resolutions.

The resolutions reported by the committee were adopted
and ordered printed and sent to the family.

Short talks were given by Messrs. Caudell, Schwarz, Gill,
Banks, and Hammar.

The President announced the death of Mr. G. W. Kirkaldy,
a corresponding member of the Society.

The Society then adjourned.

RESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OF HENRY ULKE.

Whereas in the fullness of time death has taken from us
our most noted member, Mr. Henry Ulke, the Nestor of
Washington entomologists, and an honorary member of our
Society;

And whereas, Mr. Ulke was beloved of us not only for his
marked ability as an entomologist and collector, but for his
delightful personality and genial temperament;

105

106 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

And whereas his personal enthusiasm has largely helped to
develop Washington entomology, and to encourage the
studies of others, we shall long miss his kindly advice and
greetings. Therefore be it

Resolved, That we publish in our Proceedings a portrait of
Mr. Ulke, and a sketch of his life. And be it further

Resolved, That we convey to his family and friends our sym-
pathy for their loss and our tribute to his worth; and that
we express to the world our admiration of his industry as a col-
lector, our respect for his entomological knowledge, and our
high estimation of his character.

(Signed) NATHAN BANKS.
E. A. SCHWARZ.

H. L. VlERECK.

Committee.

HENRY ULKE was born at Frankenstein, Silesia, January
25, 1821. Of his childhood we quote from a fragment of an
unpublished autobiography as follows :

I recall my great liking for music, painting, and insects as among my
earliest recollections. My father, a many-sided man and original'genius,
was well known as the proprietor of a comfortable hotel in Franken-
stein, where artists, musicians, comedians, and naturalists particularly
were always welcome and found good cheer. * * * Among the
guests at our house at that time I well remember the mineralogist Pro-
fessor Glocker, the botanist Professor Wimmer, and the entomologist
Professor Emil Schummel, of Breslau, who wrote several papers upon
the fauna of Silesia: also Professor Hermann Loew, the celebrated
dipterologist from Meseritz, who first taught me the use of the beating net.

Happy indeed were we — my eldest brother and I — when our father,
who was a member of the city forest commission, took us to the neigh-
boring mountains. In the foot-hills were beautiful forests of pine and
hardwood, interspersed with luxuriant meadows which yielded us a veri-
table bonanza of insect treasures. There I found that beautiful Carabtis
auro-m'/ens, various elaters, chrysomelids, lepturas, saperdas, and other
longicorns of interest. Father gave us the generic names of the captured
beetles and cautioned us to be sure to remember them. These happy
days of outdoor rambling ceased when, at the age of ten, I was sent to a
classical school in Glatz to study Latin and Greek. After a two years
course there I left for Breslau and entered an art school, with the object
of making painting my profession.

Breslau, the capital of Silesia, revealed a new world of interest to me.
Among the many things which attracted my attention were the natural-
history collections in the university building, where I saw, for the first
time, a complete representative display of the Silesian beetle fauna.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, liUO. 107

From Breslau Mr. Ulke went in 1842 to Berlin to complete
his education in art, studying under Professor Wach, and did
some fresco painting in the Royal Museum. Here he became
associated with others who were opposed to the Government.
Ulke's radical ideas on politics soon brought him into conflict
with the authorities, and during the troublesome times of 1848
he was put in prison. The government soon granted amnesty
to most of its political prisoners, and Ulke was released ; but
so dissatisfied was he with the conditions in Germany that in
1849 he emigrated to the United States.

He spent several years in New York City, making his living
by painting pictures for title pages of books, and giving artis-
tic effects to photographs. Here his love of entomology re-
vived, one of his first captures being that beautiful longicorn
borer, Glycobius speciosus Say. It was here that he first met
Leconte, and the friendship grew with the years. About
1857 he came to Washington, and, in company with his
brother, opened a photographic gallery on Pennsylvania
Avenue. Gradually he became known as portrait painter and
as such was very successful. At this period he laid the foun-
dation of his wonderful collection of North American beetles.

There were then in Washington a number of enthusiastic
young naturalists, who founded the Potomac-Side Natural
History Society, and Ulke, with a few congenial friends,
formed an inner social circle, called the Megatherium, which
often made collecting excursions to the Virginia shore of the
Potomac, or discussed scientific subjects at a cafe in the
evening.

On September 7, 1865 he married Miss Veronica Schultze>
at New York, a lady of rare literary attainments and also an
excellent housekeeper. A devoted wife and companion, she
frequently accompanied him on his early collecting trips in
the vicinity of Washington. To them were born four sons,
Titus, Henry, Darwin, and Charles, and two girls, Anita and
Mignon. Charles died young, and the loss of his wife and
his daughter Anita was a severe blow to Mr. Ulke in later
years. Ulke always seemed to be in the best of health, and

108 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

remained active and alert in body and mind until the 16th of
last February, when he fell on the stairs in his home, and
died at the Emergency Hospital on the 18th of February,
1910, 89 years of age.

Henry Ulke was a many-sided man; a portrait painter by
profession, a talented musician in his leisure hours, a most
diligent collector of beetles on all occasions, and a philoso-
pher in every relation of life.

As a portrait painter he will long be remembered, for on
the walls of the White House and many other official buildings
hang his canvases of presidents, cabinet officers, and other
distinguished public men. He became known as the "Painter
of Presidents," and was a friend of Lincoln and of Grant.

As a musician he was devoted to the German classics.
During the annex meetings of our Society, whenever a piano
was convenient Mr. Ulke treated the members to a masterful
rendition of Richard Wagner's Pilgrim's Chorus from Tann-
hauser; and it was amid the subdued strains of this noble
composition that the dead body of Ulke was carried to its rest-
ing place at Oak Hill Cemetery.

As a philosopher he took a cheerful and healthful view of
life, and was always a genial companion. In fact, as a com-
panion he was unexcelled. He had the widest range of ideas,
a keen humor, and an uncommon fund of anecdote. The
range of his mind was broad and on the whole philosophical.
He was intolerant to the last degree of sham, and his indig-
nation when discussing false doctrines was beautiful to be-
hold. He was quick of mind, and conversation never flagged
when Ulke was present. Idea followed idea in quick succes-
sion, often it is true, only half-expressed, but showing the
rapid-fire quality of his mind.

But it was as an entomologist, the model collector, the Nes-
tor of coleopterology in the United States, that we knew him.
Ulke had taken up entomology, not as study, but as a recrea-
tion, yet even from the first he was drawn more to the scien-
tific aspect of the subject, and his knowledge of species was of
immense value to his life-long friends Drs. Leconte and Horn,
and to other workers in descriptive coleopterology. Being an

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1'tlll. 109

artist, he was disgusted at the slovenly manner of mounting
insects then in vogue in this country. He carefully prepared
each specimen with such cleanliness and neatness that his col-
lection soon became the admiration of all entomologists who
came to Washington, or who received specimens from him.
His beautifully prepared specimens, widely distributed by ex-
change to other collectors, induced these to mount their in-
sects in better form. He early began collecting the micro-
coleoptera, then but little known in this country, and so suc-
cessfully that he discovered hundreds of new species in the
vicinity of Washington.

In 1859 Ulke was first mentioned in the writings of Dr. Le-
conte, and thereafter he was frequently referred to in the
papers of Leconte and Horn. Often Dr. Horn, before pub-
lishing a paper, would visit Washington and invite Dike's
criticism of his manuscript and examine the Ulke collection
in that group.

Ulke did not do much traveling. About 1859, with his
brother, he went to Nova Scotia, Prince Edward's Island, and
New Brunswick, and obtained many rare species and European
forms hitherto unknown in this country. On the way back
he met Dr. Packard at Salem, Massachusetts. In 1860 he re-
visited Germany and met various noted entomologists there,
and on his return, at the invitation of Louis Agassiz, he went to
Cambridge, where he met Dr. Hagen. Before returning to
Washington he visited Dr. Asa Fitch, who was much pleased
by this attention. In 1865 he made a short trip to Chicago
and became acquainted with Mr. Bolter.

But the vicinity of Washington was his great collecting
ground, and no locality in this country has been so thoroughly
examined for beetles as Ulke did for the region about
Washington. This is shown by his list of the Coleoptera of
Washington, the largest list of a small region ever published
in this country.

His favorite spot was on the Virginia side of the Potomac
near the old Aqueduct Bridge. It was to this point that, on
several occasions, he guided the famous dipterist, Baron von
Osten-Sacken, who was then a resident of Washington.

110 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Short trips to Cresson Springs, Pennsylvania, to Piny
Point, Maryland, to Mountain Lake, Virginia, and in later
to his summer home at Pen Mar, Maryland, in the Blue Ridge,
interrupted his otherwise permanent stay in Washington. In
the early years of the Smithsonian Institution there was no
public collection of insects in Washington, and Ulke, being
interested in the subject, and associated with the scientific
men, received the insects collected on the numerous Govern-
ment explorations of the West. The insects of the West
were then but little known, so that these specimens greatly
enhanced the value of Ulke's collection. It was from one of
these trips that he received four specimens of Amblycheihi,
unknown since described by Say; one of the four finally
reached the cabinet of Dr. C. A. Dohrn, in Stettin.

Ulke was a most diligent correspondent, and exchanged
beetles with nearly every entomologist of prominence in this
country from 1865 to 1890. Among his papers were found a
list of his correspondents — about 100 in the United States.
This list included John Xanthus, Rob. Kennicott, Dr. J. L.
Leconte, M. C. Fay, Ferdinand Fuchs, Dr. G. M. Levette, A.
S. Fuller, G. D. Smith, Johnson Pettit, James Behrens, E.
P. Austin, Dr. E. Brendel, and Belfrage, Boll, Linthicum,
and Wadgymar of Texas. He named material sent in by col-
lectors, and thus obtained a wide reputation; the beetles fig-
ured by Townend Glover in his "Manuscript Notes" were
named by Ulke. He was the first in this country to realize the
need of a long series of specimens; and with his uniformity of
mounting, a block of one species placed by the side of an allied
species could be seen to differ at a glance.

Gradually he amassed one of the largest, most beautifully
prepared, and best named collection of beetles in America.
The number of Leconte types contained in Ulke's collection is
indicated in Henshaw's Bibliography of Dr. Leconte. Besides
these there are some types of Dr. Horn and Dr. Dietz.

He took little interest in exotic Coleoptera, and had only a
few from Europe and Central America.

The death of his wife in 1893, greatly depressed him; he

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. Ill

abandoned entomology, and disposed of his magnificent collec-
tion to the Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg.

In later years, however, he recovered somewhat his interest
in entomology, and was a fairly regular attendant at our
Society, of which he was an honorary member, and often took
part in the discussions.

Although his collection was largely used by others in de-
scriptive work, he himself published only a few papers, as
follows :

Report upon the Collections of Coleoptera made in Portions of
Nevada, etc. Wheeler's Kept. Geog. Geol. Explorations, vol. v, Zool-
ogy, PP- Nil-si'", i pi., i*~~i.

A New Species of Amphotis. Entom. Amer., in, pp. 77-78, 18S7.
A List of the Beetles of the District of Columbia. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., xxv, No. li'7o, pp. l-:>7, 1!MH'.

Besides these there are various remarks made at the meet-
iags of our Society, some of which are published in our Pro-
ceedings.

OBITUARY NOTICE.*

It is with deep regret that we record the death of Mr. G.
W. Kirkaldy in San Francisco, February 2, 1910. The de-
ceased was in his thirty-seventh year, and his unexpected
death was the result of an unfortunate riding accident involv-
ing a broken leg, some five years ago. Repeated operations
were unsuccessful, and, after final operation, gangrene devel-
oped, proving fatal.

Mr. Kirkaldy "was born in London of Scotch parentage, and
while still a boy he exhibited a keen love for natural history.
He was educated at the City of London School, and contrary
to his taste he entered a shipping firm. During this most un-
congenial period he assiduously occupied his spare time with
entomology, finally concentrating his attention upon aquatic
Hemiptera, publishing his first paper, "A Revision of theNo-
tonectidaV' in 18')(>. Two years later he commenced the
working out of the Hetnipterous portion of the zoological ma-

*Contributed by F. W. Terry.

112 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

terial collected by Dr. R. L,. C. Perkins in the Hawaiian Isl-
ands, the results of which are published as the "Fauna Ha-
waiiensis." In 1903 the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' cane crop
was menaced by a recently introduced fulgorid, which had
acquired most formidable proportions, and it was in conjunc-
tion with these studies of the native fauna that an examina-
tion of this insect resulted in its proving new to science and
its consequent fixation in the entomological nomenclature as
Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy.

In the summer of 1903 the deceased was engaged as assist-
ant entomologist conjointly by the Hawaiian Territorial Board
of Agriculture and Forestry and the Hawaiian Sugar Planters'
Association, later continuing his studies upon the hemipterous
material (especially Fulgoridee) collected by the traveling ento-
mologists of the association during their quests for beneficial
insects, the results being published in various bulletins issued
by the association.

For some years Mr. Kirkaldy had devoted much attention
to bibliography, many of his numerous papers being emenda-
tions in nomenclature. A staunch supporter of nomencula-
torial "priority," he frequently became involved in polemics
with co-workers of opposite views. Although considered by
some an extremist in this respect, he was supported by many
leading entomologists, and his views were undoubtedly logical,
although appearing heterodox to the entomological classicists.
At the time of his death he was engaged upon a "Catalogue
of the Hemiptera," which was to have embraced the whole
order and would have occupied him many years. This cata-
logue was to have been in many respects unique, and much
more exhaustive than the usaal type. Unfortunately only
Volume I, Cimicidce, is published, although it is understood
that Volume II is complete and may be issued posthumously.
It is sad to realize that he did not live to see even the begin-
ning of this, his life-work.

A "Natural History of the Hemipters" was also planned
for future publication. A voluminous writer and wide reader,
a staunch friend and genial companion, he was always

OF WASHINGTON, VOI.UMK XII, lull). 113

ready to give others the benefit of his wide bibliographic
knowledge, and his untimely demise is greatly to be deplored,
not only as a severe loss to hemipterology, but his optimistic
and kindly personality will be greatly missed by his friends
and colleagues. He was a fellow of the Entomological Society,
London, since 1895, a member of the American Association of
Economic Entomologists, and several other entomological soci-
eties, and was for several years associated as a subeditor with
the "London Entomologist," and was president for the ensu-
ing year of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, a local society
chiefly devoting its observations to the bionomics of the native
insect fauna of the archipelago.

The deceased leaves a wife, a little daughter, and an aged
mother to mourn his loss.

The following papers were accepted for publication:
NOTES ON THE FAMILY DALCERID^E.

[Lepidoptera; Dalceridce.]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

I first gave a synopsis of the genera of this interesting little
family in 1898 (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. , vi, 231), recognizing
five genera. Later, Mr. Schaus published a table (Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus. , xxix, 331, 1906), in which ten genera are dis-
tinguished. Not much has been added to our knowledge since
that date, but I think an improvement can be effected by a
change in the order of the characters used in the table, with
the suppression of one genus. Two other genera are here
recognized, bringing the number up to eleven. The family is
allied to the Cochlidiidse. I have never seen a larva of any
species of the group, and know of but two descriptions.
These are of the larvae of Amiga flava Walker and Acni^n
nioorei Dyar and are quoted below. The description implies
a form like our cochlidian Jsoc/itctct hcHtcnmnellcri II. Kdw.,
without the hairs and with the processes even more easily de-
tachable. If this interpretation of the description is correct it
will furnish some interesting deductions as to the relationship
of the Dalceridae and also as to the antiquity of the
type of larva, to which hochictcs belongs.

114 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

SYNOPSIS OF GENERA OF THE DALCERID.K.

Fore wing without accessory cell:

Fore wing with vein 11 from the cell-
Veins 7-8, 9-10 on separate stalks ... Dalcera Herrich-Schaeffer
Veins 8 and 10 absent -

Veins 7-9 stalked; S of hind wing separate from sub-
costal Pa.racraga Dyar

Veins 7, 9 separate: S of hind wing broadly joined to

subcostal Minonoa Dyar

Fore wing with vein 11 stalked with 9-10 —
Veins 8 and 10 present-
Vein li arising below the discal vein Dalcerina Dyar

Vein (> arising above the discal vein-
Veins 9-10 short-stalked; 11 well stalked

Minacraga Dyar
Veins 9-10 long-stalked; 11 shortly stalked

Zadalcera Dyar

Veins 8 and 10 wanting Minacragides Dyar

Fore wing with accessory cell:

Vein 8 of hind wing more or less broadly joined to subcostal—
Fore wing with the cell normal, the discal veins in line

Anacraga Dyar
Fore wing with the upper half of cell and accessory cell

retracted Acragopsis Dyar

Vein 8 of hind wing free, running close to subcostal-
Veins 9-10 long-stalked but distinct Acraga Walker

Veins 9-10 coincident Dalcerides Neumoegen & Dyar

In the following only the species with which I am acquainted
are referred to. Several unknown to me have been described
by Druce, and there are probably others concealed other under
generic names. It is impossible to do anything with these until
the opportunity arises of examining specimens. Many of the
species of this group are similar in coloration, while unlike in
venation, so that the descriptions are useless for placing the
described species in their proper genera, since these deal only
with the coloration.

DALCERA Herrich-Schaeffer.

Dalcera Herrich-Schaeffer, Ausserereurop. Schmett., i, 7, 1S.V>.

Dalcera abrasa Herrich-Schaeffer.

Dalcera abrasa Herrich-Schaeffer, Ausser. Schnett., f. ISO, 1S.">4.

Dalcera abrasa Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., v. 110(1, ls.V>.

Dalcera abrasa Moschler, Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., xxvii, (>7.">,

1878.

Described from Colombia. I have specimens from Suapure,
Venezuela (E. A. Klages); Merida, Venezuela (S. E. Bri-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'll)]. 115

ceno, P. Dognin); St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana
(W. Schaus); Rockstone, Essequibo River, British Guiana
(W. Schaus); and Omai, British Guiana (W. Schaus). Her-
rich-Scheaffer figures a male without the black discal dot, but
in my specimens it is more generally present than absent, va-
rying in size when present from a mere rudiment to a distinct
mark.

ZADALCERA, new genus.

With the structure or Dalcera, but vein 11 stalked with
veins 9 and 10, shortly so, while veins 9 and 10 are long-
stalked.

Type: Dalcera fumata Schaus.

Zadalcera fumata Schaus.

Dalcera fumata Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, L':!8, 18!»4.
Five males before me, all from Castro, Parana, Brazil. The
species is superficially very close to Dalcera abrasa, distin-
guished by the smoky shadings along submedian area and the
curved inner half-band.

Zadalcera arhathodota, new species.

Fore wing carneous yellow, the costa and fringe without the pink
tint. Hind wing orange yellow. Expanse, 50 mm.

One female, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Geo. Franck collection).

Type No. 13056, U. S. National Museum.

Coloration very much as in Dalcera abrasa, but the wings
less oval and drawn out toward the apex, being of a more nor-
mal shape. The coloration is less intense.

DALCERINA Dyar.
Dalcerina Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, -1\\1, IS'.KS.

Dalcerina tijucana Schuus.

Dalcera tijucana Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., :!L'I', JS'i±
Dalcerina tijucana Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, L'.'lL', is'.i.s.

Only the single male type is known, on which I have com-
mented previously.

ACRAGA Walker.

Acraga Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., iv, si 17, lx~>~>.

Pinconia Moore, Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc. Liverpool, xxxvi. ::i;.~>, lss-_>.

Epipinconia Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, L':-!2, 1SD8.

116 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Acraga moorei Dyar.

Pinconia ochracea Moore (not Walker), Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc.

Liverpool, xxxvi, 364, 1882.
Acraga moorei Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, 232, 18!)8.

A male from Sao Paulo, Brazil (Von Ihering), and a female
from the same place (Schaus collection) are before me. The
species is easily known by the dark-lined veins. Jones says of
the larva: "It is quite white and translucent, looking just as
if made of Venetian glass. The abdominal legs are wanting,
their place being indicated merely by slight swelling of the
skin. The motion of the caterpillar . . . . is that of a slug."

Acraga coa Schaus.

Pinconia coa Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 322. l,s'.»2.

Acraga coa Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, 232, ISilS.
Not uncommon in the coast region of Mexico. I have
specimens from Cordoba, Jalapa, and Coatepec. Easily recog-
nized by the pale-lined veins^

Acraga ochracea Walker.

Dalcera ochracea Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., v, 1107, 1S55.

Dalcera ochracea Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het, 542, 1S92.

Acraga ochracea Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, 232, 1st is.

Described from Rio Janeiro. I identify with this four males
from Castro, Parana, Brazil. I have also a series from the
Guianas which differ in the somewhat more diversified ground,
the orange seeming to be overspread upon a yellow ground
and more intense on the inner margin. I leave the form, how-
ever, as a race of ochracea, under the new varietal name conda.

Acraga infusa Schaus.

Acraga infusa Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 332. 190(i.

In this the diversification of the shading on the wing is
more marked than in the form of ochracea referred to above.
Otherwise similar to ochracea.

Acraga ciliata Walker.

Acraga ciliata Walker. Cat. Brit. Mus., iv, 807, 185,").

Dalcera ciliata Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 542, IS! (2.

Acraga ciliata Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, 232, IS'.is.

Described from Jamaica. I have a specimen from there-
The modification of the ochracea type indicated by the Gui-
ana specimens and by infusa Schaus is here carried further.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.llll. 117

the inner margin and the end of cell being distinctly marked
with brown.

Acraga meridensis

Acraga meridensis Dognin, Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., li, 2o, H.MI7.

I have three specimens from Merida, Venezuela, the type
locality. The color is a uniform orange-brown, considerably
darker than in ochracca and allies.

Acraga obscura Schaus.

Dalcera obscura Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, 57, 1896.

The single type is before me from Sao Paulo, Brazil. I did
not have this species for examination in 1898. It is still darker
than meridensis, similarly brown and unicolorous.

Acraga angulifera Schaus.

Acraga angulifera Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, :>.'!:.', l!)0<i.
From French Guiana. A delicate, prettily marked species,
unlike any other in the genus.

Acraga leberna Druce.

Dalcera leberna Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 505, 1890.
Dalcera leberna Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 541*, isnj.

Described from Ecuador. Two specimens are before me
from French Guiana, one of which was determined as leberna
by Mr. Druce. In the original description the color is said to
be creamy white, whereas the present specimens are distinctly
yellow. I have no specimens from Ecuador, though I sus-
pect that the two forms are not the same. The manuscript
name arcifera, which is attached to one of the specimens, may
be used for the Guiana specimens, at least as a racial desig-
nation.

Acraga umbrifera Schaus.

Epipinconia umbrifera Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxix, :!.'!:!,
1906.

Also from French Guiana and allied to the preceding. The
color of this is really creamy white, but the brown markings
are broadened and shaded, which will distinguish it from
leberna. The occurrence of these two allied species in French
Guiana inclines me the more to consider that the form called
arcifera above is not the same species as the true leberna.

118 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Acraga caretta Dyar.

Acraga caretta Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxviii, L'HS, 1!U().

This species is white, without a trace of the yellow color.
The dark markings have become nearly marginal. This is
apparently allied to Dalcera ampela Druce and D . alba Druce,
but both these species are unknown to me in nature and may
not even be congeneric with the present form.

Acraga flava Walker.

Dalcera flava Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., v, 1107, 1855.

Caviria sulphurea Burmeister, Desc. Rep. Arg.,v, 517, 1S7S.

Dalcera flava, Burmeister, Desc. Rep. Arg., Atlas, 53, pi. xxiv.,
fig. 3, 1879.

Caviria sulphurea Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 434, lsit±

Dalcera flava Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 542, 1S92.

Epipinconia flava Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, 233, IS! IS.
Described from Rio Janeiro. My specimens are from Petro-
polis and from Castro, in the State of Parana, Brazil. The
species is bright sulphur-yellow, but is peculiar in having nu-
merous transverse shining bands, due to the scales being set
at different angles on the wing. No other dalcerid known to
me has any such appearance, though it occurs in the megalo-
pygid genus Carama and in the Hparid genus Caz'iria. Bur-
meister gives the following notes upon the larva:

Mon fils Henri 1'a obtenu de la chenille et m'ecrit que la chenille a
presque un pouce le long, qu'elle est plane en dessous, legerement con-
vexe en dessus et couverte de pleusieurs series de verrues coniques
gelantineuses qui tombent quand on les touche, meme avec la plus grande
precaution. Le corps de la chenille est vert. Les verrues ont la trans-
parence du verre, elles sont incolores, et formees par uhe exudation de
. la surface du corps, sans avoir avec lui un contact parfait.

The statement that the appendages are formed by an exu-
dation from the surface of the body appears to me to be prob-
ably a wrong interpretation of the structures. More probably
we have to do with a further development of the peculiar mod-
ification of the subdorsal horns seen in the cochlidian genera
Phobetron, Alarodia, aud hocluetes. I have shown how these
appendages, which are only modifications of the subdorsal
warts, become in these genera successively more and more
detachable, culminating in hochirtes. This larva is already
green and the horns transparent, like glass, so that it only
needs a little further modification, by the loss of the hairs, to
produce the larva above described. It is unfortunate that no
larvae are available to test the above hypothesis.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.Hd 119

DALCERIDES Neumogen & Dyar.

Dalcerides Neumoegen & Dyar, Can. Enl., xxv, liil, JS!>:5.
Dalcerides Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, -I'.Vl, L898.
Dalcerides Dyar, Bull. .">:.>, U. S. Nat. Mus., :55i), HHI:;.

Dalcerides ingenita Hy. Edwards.

Artaxa ingenita Hy. Edwards, Papilio, ii, \'l. lxx±

Dalcerides ingenita Neumoegen & Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,

ii, 111, 1X!I4.
Dalcerides ingenita Dyar, Bull.r>L', U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 411:5, I'.iO:;.

I have a nice series from Baleas, Guerrero, Mexico, 1,500
feet, August, 1906 (W. Schaus), and a single little male from
Guadalajara, Mexico. Both sexes are in the series, the females
being- a little larger and paler than the males and with the
antennal pectinations not so long. I have also a specimen
from Palmerly, Cochise County, Arizona, August (C. Schaef-
fer), and crippled specimens with pupa?, food-plant, and flimsy
yellow cocoons from Payson, Arizona (C. Reedy), but unfor-
tunately no larvae.

ANACRAGA Dyar.

Anacraga Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 17H, IKOfi.

Anacraga citrina Schaus.

Dalcera citrina Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, 57, IS'.iii,

The type is a male from Trinidad. There are seven other
males and a female in the collection from the Guianas. The
entire insect is of a very pale yellow.

Anacraga ria, new species.

Entirely ocher yellow. Expanse, 18 mm.

One male, Rio Janeiro, Brazil (Schaus collection).

Type: No. 13058, U. S. National Museum.

If this should prove to be the true Dalcera ocJiracca of
Walker ( \ \rraga oduacca} the present name would be a syno-
nym thereof, while the name Pinconia ochracca Moore would
be resurrected from the synonymy as Acraga ochracca Moore.

Anacraga mesoa Drncc.

Dalcera mesoa Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am. Lep. Het., i, L'l.'!, Iss7.

Dalcera mesoa Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., .i4i', ixtn'.

Dalcerides mesoa Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vi, I'.'lL', 18'.^.
I have specimens from Ori/.aba and Jalapa, Mexico. The
fore wing is nearly occupied by a large purplish-brown patch.

120 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Anacraga sofia Dyar.

Anacraga sofia Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxviii, L'liS, I'.ilo.

I have only the female type from Cuernavaca, Mexico. It is
a small, pale, cream-colored species with discal and submar-
ginal faint brown bands and a darker discal dot.

ACRAGOPSIS Dyar.

Acragopsis Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 17l>, I !•()<>.

Acragopsis flavetta Schaus.

Acragopsis flavetta Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxix, .'!.">•_', I'.lOii.
Four males, all from French Guiana. The species is uni-
formly rather dark yellow.

MINONOA Dyar.

Minonoa Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 17<>, l'.»06.

Minonoa perbella Schaus.

Minonoa perbella Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, .'!.'!!', l!»0(>.

A distinctly marked and pretty species. I have only the
type from Petropolis, Brazil.

MINACRAGIDES Dyar.

Minacragides Dyar, Zoologica, i, 137, 1910.

Minacragides arnacis Dyar.

Minacragides arnacis Dyar, Zoologica, i, 137, I'.MO.
The single type before me is from British Guiana.

MINACRAGA Dyar.

Minacrag'i* Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 17(i, llMiil.

Minacraga disconitens Schaus.

Minacraga disconitens Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 331t
L906.

Six males and a female from French Guiana. The disk of
the fore wing is shining silvery. The antennas are creamy
white with a black tuft at the tip. The wings are marked
with a. distinct pattern.

Minacraga indiscata, new species.

Similar to M. disconitciis. The wing has none of the sil-
very scaling on the disk, but is overspread with pale brown,
while the marginal markings are faint. Discal dot present.
Hind wing pale brownish with a faint darker shading below
the middle of the outer margin. Expanse, 27 nrn.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1<I|(). 121

One male, St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana, July,
1904 (\V. Schausj. Another male is in the collection of Mr.
Paul Doguin from Nouveau Chantier, French Guiana, De-
cember (Le Moult).

Type: No. 13060, U. S. National Museum.

PARACRAGA Dyar.
Paracraga Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, I7<>, I'.MHi.

Paracraga innocens Schaus.

Paracraga innocens Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxix,:;:; 1, I'.MH;.
Four males and a female from French Guiana. A deli-
cately marked and frail species. „

Paracraga amianta Dyar.

Paracraga amianta Dyar, Zoologica, i, 1/57, I'.HO.
The single type is from British Guiana. The species is
more strongly marked and less frail-looking than the preced-
ing.

Paracraga canalicula Dognin.

Paracraga canalicula Dognin, Het. nouv. de PAmer. du sud, i, 42,
L910.

I have examined Dognin's unique type. The species is a
distinct one, with the two parallel lines not wavy.

THE STRIDULATIONS OF SOME CONE-HEADED GRASS-
HOPPERS (CONOCEPHALUS).*

•

[Orthoptera; Locustidae.]
BY H. A. ALLARD.
(Plate VI.)

The number of species of Conocephalus in any particular
locality is never large. In their occurrence the individuals of
any species are usually widely scattered, and not more or less
grouped into colonies as are the orchelimums. These inter-
esting locusts prefer the tall grasses and reeds of meadows,
although some species occur in grass, briers, etc. As is char-
acteristic of nearly all our L,ocustidce, green or brown is the
usual coloration of the cone-headed grasshoppers. It is highly
probable that these colors are largely of a protective nature to
these insects, since everywhere their natural habitat is among

*A11 the locusts listed in this paper were identified by Mr. A. N. Cau-
dell, of tho U. S. National Museum, except Conocephalus ensiger.

122 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

the herbage, grasses, and reeds of field and meadow. Their
bright, grass-green colors appear very conspicuous and clearly
defined against the white- papered background of an insect
cabinet. Yet in their haunts among the tangles of luxuriant
marsh grasses and reeds, where their green, elongate bodies
and wings assimilate with the lights and shadows of green and
shining stems and leaves, a most painstaking search will hardly
reveal them.

The stridulations of the species of Conocephalus, like the
notes of all the L,ocustidae, entirely lack any musical tone or
trill so characteristic of the crickets. Their notes are always
loud, buzzing, and penetrating, and differ not so much in
sound-quality as in the manne'r of delivery. The notes of all
species may be definitely classed as intermittent or prolonged.
These insects are persistent singers, and most species stridu-
late most actively at night.

At Thompson's Mills, north Georgia, one of the first insect
notes of springtime is produced by Conochepha/u^fitsco-stri-
atus Redtenbacher. Here I have recorded the notes of this
locust as early as April 18. It sings entirely by night, and
occurs scatteringly in nearl)' all grassy situations. I find it
more common in the fields of young wheat than elsewhere,
although I have taken individuals on the high blackberry and
other vegetation. Its note is a strong, penetrating, metallic
z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z indefinitely prolonged and audible
at long distances. This insect is very shy and takes to
long flights when disturbed. During the warm April nights
its notes are among the most persistent and characteristic
sounds of that season at Thompson's Mills.

Another species which I have taken at Thompson's Mills is
Conocepkalus bruneri Blatchley. (Plate, V, fig. 2.) Here, one
night in July, 1909, I took a single male of this species from
some grasses and weeds in a wet spot by the roadside. I was
led to its hiding place by its persistent stridulations. The notes
of this Conocophalus are very strong, sharp, and intermittent
-zip-zip-zip-zip — and rather briskly repeated. Its notes
are stronger than those of C. ensiger Harris. C. bnnieri does
not appear to be common at Thompson's Mills, for a persis-
tent watch has revealed only this single individual.

The species Conocephalus exiliscanornus Davis (PI. V, fig.
2), which appears hardly distinguishable from Conocephalus
bruneri,* is more or less common around Washington, D. C.,

*Were it not for a noticeable difference in stridulation C. bruneri and
C. exiliscanornus would he unhesitatingly pronounced synonymous.
Specimens which may be classed as one or the other species are hardly
distinguishable from morphological characters.

PROC. ENT, SOC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME XII, PLATE VI.

SOME CONE-HEADED GRASSHOPPERS.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910, 123

and in the dense thickets of grass and herbage growing close
to the water on Plummer's Island above Washington. On the
night of September 10, 1909, Mr. A. N. Caudell and I heard
and captured a number of males of this species in a small
meadow by the roadside near his house. These insects were
concealed in an almost impenetrable tangle of marsh grasses
and weeds.

It was very difficult to locate these singers by their notes,
for they seemed to penetrate the vegetation of the entire mea-
dow. These notes were intermittent, and continued for short
intervals, followed by an occasional pause — tsip-tsip-tsip—
pause — tsip-tsip-tsip-tsip , etc. They were much softer, more
lisping in character, and much more leisurely produced than
the notes of Conocephalus brutieri, which I had heard in north
Georgia, and quite lacked that attendant, droning buzz so
characteristic of those species whose notes are a prolonged
z-z-z-z-z-z-z. This softer, more lisping character of the
notes reminded me of the notes of Atlauiicus pachv merits
Burmeister, which I had likened it to in my journal, under
date of September 10. My own records of the song of C.
exiliscanoriuis, agree very closely with the description of the
stridulations of this species by Davis, who notes particularly
their weak character and slow delivery. He says:

The sound produced when stridulating is very faint, not louder than
that made by Gryllus abbreviates, and I was surprised to hear such a
faint song come from so large an insect. I have, in consequence of this
faint song, named it the "slightly musical" Conocephalus.

This species of Conocephalus is not particularly shy, and
when approached usually tries to escape rather by dropping
into the grass and herbage than by flying away.

Conocephalus palustris (Blatchley) (PI. V, fig. 3), occurs in
the grass and herbage near the water on Plummer's Island,
Maryland, and in other similar situations. Its note is a con-
tinuous z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z, indistinguishable from that of C.
triops Linnaeus. Its note is not loud and cannot be heard at
any great distance. This insect seems to be a night singer.

Conocephalus friops Linnaeus is an exceedingly common
form around Washington, D. C., and also at Thompson's
Mills, north Georgia. It is probably the most common species
of Coiioecphalus in the north Georgia region. In September
I heard and captured a number of these locusts on the steep,
grassy hillsides just at the foot of the mountains in Towns
County, Georgia. This Conocephalns stridulates by day as

124 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

well as by night, usually late in the afternoon and at dusk.
Its note is a continuous, snapping z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z-z, not nearly
as loud as that of C. fusco-striatus of the South.

The stridulations of Conocephalus ensinger Harris are in-
termittent notes — tzip-tzip-tzip-tzip-tzip, rapidly repeated
for indefinite periods. I have found this Conocephalus very
common at Oxford, Massachusetts. Here it occurs in col-
onies in the tall grass in the wet meadows, and sings almost
entirely at night. The notes of a colony of these insects in-
termingle to produce a veritable din during the warm sum-
mer nights.

I captured a number of individuals of Conocephalus inc.\i-
cauitsSaussure at Thompson's Mills, north Georgia, in the tall
grass of wet bottom lands. I have not heard the stridulations
of this species, which are said to be very loud.

The locust Pyrgocoryp/ia uncinata Harris, which, in gen-
eral appearance, resembles Conocephalus, also occurs at
Thompson's Mills, although I have taken only a single male,
and know nothing concerning its stridulatious.

The species of Conocephalus are almost strictly terrestrial,
although at Thompson's Mills, on one or two occasions, I have
traced the loud notes of some probable species to the crowns of
young pines.

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN

DIPTERA.

BY D. W. COQUILLETT.

Family ASILID^.

Dasyllis semitecta, new species.

Black, the tarsi brown, the pulvilli and bases of the claws yellow.
Hairs black, dorsum of abdominal segments two to six densely covered
with light yellow hairs, narrow apices of femora, both ends of tibias, and
whole of the tarsi with whitish hairs. Wings grayish hyaline, the veins
bordered with brown.

Length, 19 mm.

Winnipeg, Canada. A female specimen collected June 1,
1908, by Mr. J. B. Wallis.

Type: No. 13089, U. S. National Museum.

Family EMPIDID^.

Clinocera genualis, new species.

Female. — Near binotata, but the entire face is silvery, the vein at the
base of the third posterior cell is curved and very oblique, etc. Black,

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.UO. 125

only the apices of the femora reddish-yellow. Face separated from the
cheeks by a wide notch, arista longer than the antennae proper. Front,
mesonotum, and scutellum olive-brown pruinose, mesonotum without ac-
rostichal bristles, marked with a dorsal pair of black vitUe, scutellum
bare except for the apical pair of bristles; metanotum, pleura, venter,
and sides of abdomen olive-gray pruinose, middle of dorsum of abdomen
brownish. Femora devoid of long bristles and hairs. Wings grayish
hyaline, a brown cloud on vein at base of second submarginal cell and
another at apex of discal cell; only two submarginal cells, anal cell much
shorter than the second basal, the sixth vein prolonged far beyond the
apex of the anal cell.

Length, nearly 3 mm.

Banff, Canada. A single specimen collected by Mr. N. B.
Sanson.

Type: No. 13090, U. S. National Museum.

Family DOLICHOPODID^.

Tachytrechus junctus, new species.

Male. — Arista simple, tip of fourth vein near that of the third and far
from the extreme apex of the wing! Antenna? yellowish, the third joint
subelliptical, blackened at its apex, arista black, bare; face descending
to lower end of the eyes, whitish pruinose, tinged in places with yellow;
upper occipital bristles black, the others whitish. Body violaceous arrd
green, the humeri, notopleura, pleura, and sides of abdomen whitish pru-
inose, scutellum two-bristled, last segment of the hypopygium polished
black, the lamellae black, subcordate. wider than long. Halteres and
calypteres yellow, bristles of the latter black. Legs black, outer side of
front tibiae on the lower three-fourths whitish, knees of front and middle
legs, middle and hind tibiae except at apex, and first joint of front and mid-
dle tarsi except apically, yellowish; front tibiae noticeably thickened,
first joint of their tarsi as long as the remaining joints together, third joint
of middle tarsi narrowed and bent on the basal portion, first two joints
of hind tarsi subequal in length, legs devoid of long hairs. Wings hya-
line, hind margin even, costa not thickened.

Length, 5 mm.

Manahawkin, New Jersey. A male specimen collected
September 5, 1909, by Mr. H. S. Harbeck.
Tvpe: No. 13091, U. S. National Museum.

Family SYRPHID^.

Sphegina petiolata, new species.

Male. — Near lobata, but with a much more slender abdomen, tricolor-
ous hind femora, etc. Head black, face and cheeks pale yellow, anten-

126 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

nae reddish yellow varied with brown. Thorax black, the humeri and a
large spot at insertion of wings reddish yellow; scutellum black, the
sides reddish yellow. Abdomen dark brown, varied with reddish
yellow, a pale yellow band beyond the middle of the second segment
and another at the base of the third; second segment elongate and
slender, over five times as long as its greatest width. Legs pale
yellow, last two tarsal joints, the first joint of the hind tarsi, and a sub-
median and apical band on the hind tibiae brown; apical four-fifths of
the hind femora brown, a wide postmedian band and the narrow apex
reddish yellow. Wings hyaline, gray at the apex.

Length, 6 turn.

White Mountains and Francouia, New Hampshire. Two
males, one of them collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.

Type: No. 13092, U. S. National Museum.

Xylota facialis, new species.

Male. — A rather robust species, near nemorum, but the lower two-
fifths of the face, except on the sides, is yellow in ground-color. Head
black, the lower portion of the face, except laterally, yellow; antennae
black, the third joint brown, subelliptical, wider than long. Thorax
bronze green, marked with four purple vittae. Abdomen opaque black,
the first segment polished, the second and third each with a pair of
polished yellow subquadrate spots, the fifth wholly polished bronze
green. Legs black, bases of tibae and of the first two pairs of tarsi yel-
low; hind femora much thickened, hind coxae unarmed. Wings grayish
hyaline, the stigma dark yellow.

Length, 10 mm.

Pequaming, Michigan. One specimen, collected by Mr.
Morgan Hebard.

Type: No. 13093, U. S. National Museum.

Family TACHINID^E.

PETIA, new genus.

Near Apinops, but the first posterior cell is closed and with a petiole
one and one-half times as long as the hind cross-vein, etc. Head in
profile one and one-half times as high as long, the horizontal diameter
at the vibrissae: scarcely shorter than at base of antennae; ocellar bris-
tles minute, proclinate, frontals descending to middle of second antennal
joint, an irregular row of bristles outside the frontals, only one pair of
verticals; antennae reach five-sixths of distance to the oral margin, the
third joint slightly longer than the second; arista bare, the penultimate
joint shorter than broad; vibrissae inserted on a line with the anterior
oral margin, three or four bristles above each, sides of face bare, unus-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 127

ually narrow; eyes bare, cheeks about one-seventh as wide as the eye-
height, proboscis robust, less than half as long as height of head, palpi
wanting. Wings narrow, of nearly an equal width, veins bare, the third
terminates at the extreme wing-tip, hind cross-vein nearer to the small
than to the bend of the fourth vein, small cross-vein at three-fourths of
the length of the discal cell, noticeably beyond the apex of the first vein.
Abdomen without bristles, except a few weak ones on the fourth segment.
None of the tibiae ciliate.

Type : The following species:

Petia calvaj new species.

Male. — Black, the antennas, face, cheeks, and lower part of the occiput
yellow, proboscis yellowish brown. Front three-fourths as wide as
either eye, arista thickened on the basal fourth. Body not pruinose, ex-
cept on the pleura; two postsutural dorsocentral bristles and two sterno-
pleurals: hypopygium very large. Wings smoky brown from base to
apex of second vein, whitish hyaline beyond this. Pulvilli of front tarsi
much shorter than the last joint.

Length, 3.5 mm.

Moscow, Idaho (J. M. Aldrich), and San Pedro, California.
Two specimens.

Tvpe: No. 13094, U. S. National Museum.

PHYTODES, new genus.

Near Neophyto, but the petiole of the first posterior cell is about as
long as the hind cross-vein, the abdomen is without discal bristles, etc.
Ocellar bristles proclinate, frontals not descending below base of anten-
nae, face strongly retreating below, the sides bare, except the upper
outer corner, which is sparsely covered with short hairs, this area lim-
ited.below by a row of bristles extending from near apex of antenna-
obliquely to slightly below the eye; cheeks as wide as the eye height:
eyes bare; antennae reaching about one-fourth of distance to the oral
margin, the third joint subequal in length to the second, arista bare, the
penultimate joint shorter than Ions, facial depression extending less than
half-way to the oral margin, vibrissa- inserted at about one-third of dis-
tance from oral margin to base of antennae; proboscis very short, robust,
palpi invisible in the single specimen before me (doubtless retracted
with, and concealed by, the proboscis). Veins, except the third, bare,
the third terminates a short distance above the extreme wing-tip, hind
cross-vein nearer to the small than to the bend of the fourth vein, the
latter rectangular and with an indistinct fold continuation.

TV pc: The following species:

Phytodes hirculus, nc\v species.

Female. — Black, the frontal vitta reddish brown, first two joints of
antenn;t yellowish, the bare upper part of the face, crossing the upper

128 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

part of the cheeks, golden yellow. Front twice as wide as either eye,
two pairs of orbital bristles, the anterior pair proclinate, the other re-
clinate; arista considerably thickened at the base. Body grayish prui-
nose, three pairs of postsutural dorsocentral bristles, two sternopleurals,
scutellum bearing three marginal pairs, second segment of abdomen
with marginal pair, the following two with a marginal row. Wings
smoky, especially along the costa, third vein bristly almost to the small
cross-vein. Tibiae not ciliate.

Length, nearly 5 mm.

Victoria, Texas. A single specimen collected by Mr. A.. L.
Ouaintance.
' Type: No. 13095, U. S. National Museum.

TETROPSIS, new genus.

Near Hilarella, but the antennae reach only two-thirds of distance to
the oral margin, the first posterior cell is closed and with a petiole three-
fourths as long as the hind cross-vein, etc. Head in profile subquadrate,
ocellar bristles proclinate, frontals one-rowed, not descending below base
of antennae, facial ridges and sides of face bare, vibrissae on a level with
the oral margin, cheeks one-fourth as wide as the eye-height, eyes bare,
third joint of antennae only slightly longer than the second, arista bare,
scarcely longer than the antennae, the penultimate joint slightly longer
than wide; proboscis beyond the articulation shorter than height of head,
palpi present. Veins bare, except the base of the third, this vein ends
about half-way between apex of the second and the extreme wing-tip;
hind cross-vein midway between the small and the bend of the fourth,
the latter angular and without an appendage.

Type: The following species:

Tetropsis modesta, new species.

Female. — Black. Head gray pruinose, becoming yellowish on the
upper part of the front; front nearly twice as wide as either eye, frontal
vitta greatly widening above, yellowish pruinose, except a median vitta
and the lowest third, two pairs of orbital bristles. Arista thickened on
basal half, thence gradually tapering to the tip. Body yellowish-gray
pruinose, the first abdominal segment somewhat polished, the broad
apices of the remaining segments polished. Three postsutural dorso-
central bristles, two sternopleurals, two marginal pairs on the scutellum,
first two abdominal segments without distinct bristles, the following two
with a marginal row. Wings hyaline, third vein bristly half-way to the
small cross-vein. Calypteres white. Tibiae not ciliate, front tarsi no-
ticeably dilated on the last four joints, the claws and pulvilli very short.

Length, 4 mm.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.Ud. 129

Clementon, New Jerse5\ Three specimens collected by Mr.
H. S. Harbeck.

Type: No. 13096, U. S. National Museum.

«

Exorista setinervis, new species.

Male. — Differs from spinipennis, our only other species in which the
third vein is bristled almost to the small cross-vein, by lacking the discal
abdominal bristles, by having the arista thickened on only the basal
fourth, etc. Black, the palpi yellow. Front one-third as wide as either
eye, covered with short bristly hairs, frontals descending slightly below
the arista, vibrissae inserted at the oral margin, ridges bristly on the
lowest third, cheeks one-eighth as wide as the eye-height, antenna- nearly
as long as the face, the third joint five times as long as the second.
Thorax gray pruinose and marked with four black vittaj, three pairs of
postsutural dorsocentral bristles, two sternopleurals, scutellum bears
three marginal pairs. Abdomen polished, bases of the second and third
segments bluish-white pruinose, first two segments with a marginal pair
of bristles, the following two with a marginal row. Front pulvilli longer
than the last tarsal joint, middle tibias with only one bristle on the front
side near the middle, hind tibiit not ciliate. Wings hyaline, bend of the
fourth vein without a stump. Calypteres white.

Length, 6 mm.

Clarksville, Tennessee. A single specimen collected June
4, 1909, by Mr. A. C. Morgan.

Type: No. 13097, U. S. National Museum.

Family

Leria nebulosa, new species.

Body black, cross-veins clouded with brown. Head yellowish, sides
of the front, the ocellar triangle, and the upper half of the occiput black,
covered with a bluish-gray pruinosity; only one vibrissa each side, cheeks
on more than the lower half covered with short bristly hairs; antenna?
and palpi reddish yellow, proboscis black. Body bluish-gray pruinose,
mesonotum marked with five brown vitto>, pteropleura and mesopleura
bare, sternopleura densely hairy and with a single bristle; seventh seg-
ment of the abdomen reddish yellow. Legs brown, gray pruinose, and
tinged in places with yellow. Wings hyaline, small and hind cross-veins
clouded with brown. Halteres yellow.

Length, 5 mm.

Banff, Canada. A female specimen collected by Mr. N. B.
Sanson.

Type: No. 13098, U. S. National Museum.

130 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Leria pleuralis, new species.

Near defcssa, but the hairs of the cheeks are in a single row, the mes-
opleura posterior to the anterior notopleural bristle is wholly densely
haired, etc. Head yellowish, the ocellar triangle and upper part of the
occiput black; antennae and palpi reddish yellow, proboscis brownish;
only one vibrissa each side. Body black, slaty-gray pruinose, abdomen
of male largely or wholly yellowish, mesonotum not vittate; pteropleura
bare, mesopleura without bristles, sternopleura densely haired and with
a single bristle. Legs yellowish, apices of tarsi brown. Halteres yellow.
Wings hyaline, slightly yellowish at the base.

Length, nearly 4 mm.

Alaska, and Beulah, New iMexico (May 3, 1902, T. D. A.1
Cockerell). Three specimens.

Type: No. 13099, U. S. National Museum.

Leria nuda, new species.

One vibrissa each side, cheeks with a single row of hairs near the lower
edge, mesopleura bare, except on the upper hind corner, which bears a
bristle and several hairs, pteropleura bare, sternopleura with two bris-
tles and a few hairs. Head yellowish, upper part of the occiput black,
gray pruinose; antennas and palpi yellow, proboscis yellowish brown.
Body black, yellowish-gray pruinose, the mesonotum not vittate. Legs
and halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins yellow.

Length, 3 mm.

Claremont, California (C. F. Baker), and Santa Fe, New
Mexico (July, T D. A. Cockerell). Two females.
Tvpe: No. 13100, U. S. National Museum.

Leria genalis, new species.

One vibrissa each side, cheeks with a single row of hairs near the
lower edge, mesopleura without bristles, bare except on the lower hind
corner, which bears several hairs, sternopleura rather thickly haired and
with one bristle, pteropleura bare. Head yellowish, the ocellar tri-
angle and upper part of the occiput black; antenna; reddish yellow, the
third joint, except basally, brown; palpi yellow, proboscis yellowish
brown. Body black, bluish-gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with
five indistinct brown vittas. Legs yellow, apices of tarsi brown. Hal-
teres yellow. Wings hyaline, tinged with yellow basally and in the
subcostal cell.

Length, nearly 5 mm.

Kaslo, British Columbia. A female specimen collected by
Dr. H. G. Dyar.

Type: No. 13104, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.Un. 131

Family EPHYDRID^.

Hydrellia atroglauca, new species.

Recognizable by the picture of the abdomen. Front greenish gray,
face white pruinose, cheeks very narrow; antenna- brown, base of the
third joint yellow in the male; proboscis brown, the palpi yellow. Body
black, mesonotum and scutellum rather thinly olive-gray pruinose, the
pleura light bluish gray, dorsum of abdomen opaque brownish black,
the broad lateral and apical margins in the male, but only the hind
corners of the segments and apex of the abdomen in the female, also
the venter in both sexes, light bluish-gray pruinose. Legs black: in the
female the front trochanters, all tarsi, and both ends of the tibia* are
yellow. Halteres yellow. Wings hyaline, apex of second vein at about
three-fifths of distance from tip of first to that of third vein.

Length, slightly over 2 mm.

Biscayne Bay, Florida. One male and two females collected
by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.

Type: No. 13101, U. S. National Museum.

Hydrella cruralis, new species.

Distinguished by the strikingly bicolorous legs. Front brown, face
yellow pruinose, cheeks very narrow; antennas brown, base of the third
joint yellow; mouthparts yellow. Body green, thinly gray pruinose, more
dense on the pleura. Legs black, the tibire and tarsi, except last joint
of the latter, also the front trochanters, yellow. Wings hyaline, apex of
second vein at about two-thirds of distance from tip of the first to that of
the third vein. Halteres yellow.

Length, slightly over 2 mm.

Riverton, New Jersey. A female specimen collected in
September, 1909, by Mr. H. S. Harbeck.
Tvpe: No. 13102, U. S. National Museum.

Family AGROMYZID.E.

Phytomyza clemativora, new species.

Near palliata, but the mesonotum is marked with four brown vitt.r,
etc. Yellow, an ocellar dot and the third antennal joint black, four
brown vittir on the mesonotum, the median pair scarcely extending be-
hind its middle. Body somewhat polished.

Length, 1 mm.

Brownsville, Texas. Two specimens, bred from Clematis
by Messrs. McMillan and Marsh.
" T\'pc: No. 13103, U. S. National Museum.

132 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NEW CENTRAL - AMERICAN MICROLEPIDOPTERA INTRO-
DUCED INTO THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

BY AUGUST BUSCK.
Family TORTRICID^.

Crocidosema lantana, new species.

Labial palpi dark fuscous, second joint long with well-developed brush,
terminal joint short, porr«>cted. Antennas simple, rather thick, alike in
both sexes, dark fuscous above, yellowish on the underside, which has a
short, even ciliation.' Thorax dark fuscous. Forewings in the male
with a short but deep costal fold, reaching one-third of the wing-length,
and disclosing, when opened, a thick matting of short, yellow sense-hairs.
Ground-color of the wings whitish, strongly overlaid with dark fuscous
and brown, along the costa from near base to apex is a series of short,
indistinct, geminate, white dashes with blackish, even intervals. A velvety
white tornal spot contains a few single brown scales and is limited rather
sharply above by a brown area; on the middle of the dorsal edge is an
indistinct whitish spot, faintly connected with the tornal spot. Extreme
apex light brown with a black eye-spot. Cilia light fuscous mixed with
black and brown scales. Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen fuscous
with ochreous underside and anal tuft. Legs light yellowish, mottled with
dark fuscous exteriorly; tarsal jointed with heavy blackish-brown annu-
lations.

Alar expanse, 11 to 12 mm.

Habitat: Tantalus, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. O. H. Sweezy,
collector.

Food plant: Lantana.

Type: No. 13149,' U. S. National Museum. Cotype in the
British Museum.

This species was lately purposely introduced from Mexico
to Hawaii, where it is now firmly established. In U. S. Na-
tional Museum are also specimens from Mexico. The species
is typical of the genus in its characteristic wing- form and vena-
tion and is much like the type of the genus, the European ple-
bciana Zeller, in ornamentation and general habitus. The pe-
culiar costal fold and tuft on the forewings of the male is the
main difference and the species is a striking example of the fu-
tility of attaching generic importance to secondary sexual char-
acters in this group of insects; it would manifestly be absurd
to separate the present species generically from plebeiaua
Zeller on account of the costal fold.

The genus Phthenolophus Dyar* has the identical struc-

*Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., vol. v, p. :!0(i, HH>:>. Type, indentannx
Dyar, North Am.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 133

ture as the genus Crocidosona Zeller and should be placed
as a synonym of this genus. It has a very similar costal fold,
as is found in C. laiitaiia, and is also much like this species in
ornamentation, but has yet another secondary sexual character
in the male, namely, the strongly notched antennae.

Family

Cremastobombycia lantanella, new species.

Labial palpi silvery white. Face silvery white with a brassy sheen.
Antenna1 with the entire under side silvery white, upper side dark fus-
cous, with narrow silvery cross-lines indicating the joints. Tuft on head
of mixed white and golden-yellow hairs. Thorax golden yellow. Fore-
wings golden yellow with white markings consisting of a short, thin,
basal, central, longitudinal streak, two costal and two dorsal streaks, all
slightly edged with black scales exteriorly and all before the apical
third. At apical third is a large white costal and an opposite white dor-
sal blotch, and at apex is a similar white spot, all strongly mottled with
single black scales. Cilia golden. Hind wings blackish fuscous. Ab-
domen dark fuscous above, silvery white on the underside. Legs sil-
very white with golden tibial bars and with black tarsal annulations.

Alar expanse, 7 .o to >s mm.

Habitat: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. O. H.Sweeney,
collector.

Foodplant: Lantana.

Type: No. 13150, U. S. National Museum. Cotypes in
British Museum.

This is a Mexican species definitely known to have been in-
troduced into Hawaii by A. Koebele; it is now firmly estab-
lished there. It is the species mentioned by the writer in a
footnote on page 134, Canadian Entomologist, April, l')08.

Both fore and hind wings have vein 5 present and stalked
with vein (>. The larva makes a large bulged or inflated mine
on the leaf of [Miitana, equally visible on both sides of the
leaf. It makes a white, spindle-shaped, slender cocoon, sus-
pended within the mine by silken threads from each end like
a hammock.

It is with much satisfaction that I am able to correct my
expressed views on Miss Braun's genus Cremastobombycia; I
am now convinced of its generic validity and it must, as
Miss Braun has stated, be regarded as an earlier genus than
both Chambersia and Phyllonorvcter, the former of which
has retained the ornamentation, but has developed its peculiar
larval form, while the latter has retained the ancestral larval

134 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

development, but has acquired a modification in the color-pat-
tern. Both genera differ from the present in the loss of a vein
in both fore and hind wings.

Cyane terpsichorella, new species.

"The Dancing Moth," Sweezy, Hawaiian Sug. Plant. Ass. Exp. Sta.

Hull, (i, pp. 20-21, pi. iii, figs. (i-S, 100!).

Labial palpi and face pure white; head white, tipped with light yel-
low. Antennas white with two broad black bands and with the tip
mottled with black. Thorax light yellow; patagina white. Forewings
light ochreous with two blackish-brown spots on the middle of the costal
edge, separated by a very oblique, thin white line; at the end of the cell
is an ill-defined, blackish-brown spot with a light, metallic bluish dash
above and a similar one below it. The tip of the wing is lighter ochre-
ous and has a thin marginal blackish brown line, followed by a white
line at the base of the cilia. Hind wings light ochreous fuscous. Abdomen
and legs dusky fuscous.

This description is made from a perfect bred specimen; the
ornamentation is easily rubbed and flown specimens appear
much lighter.

Alar expanse, 7.5 mm.

Habitat: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. O. H. Swee-
zey, coll.

Type: No. 13121, U. S. National Museum.

This is the species mentioned by Mr. Sweezey as "The
Dancing Moth" and figured in his recent bulletin. Mr.
Sweezey states that it is very abundant and that the larva
breeds, evidently more or less as a scavenger, in sugar cane,
pineapple, and banana.

The moth is often seen amongst the ferns in the mountains
and has a peculiar habit, when first alighting upon a leaf, of
running around with much gj^rating; hence its name.

Mr. Sweezey has asked me to describe this species, though
he has amply demonstrated his ability to determine indepen-
dently even difficult generic forms by his conscientious work on
Microlepidoptera in the above-mentioned bulletin; he has
been good enough to send me lately a considerable named col-
lection of Hawaiian micros, including cotypes of his new spe-
cies, all of which were correctly placed. That he should have
had some difficulties in ascertaining the proper generic place
for the present snecies is but natural, as the genus Cyaiic
Chambers, in the literature hitnerto has been represented by,
the single type species vhaliella Chambers, of North America,-,
and very little has been noted even about this since its orig-
inal description thirty-seven years ago.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.IIO. 135

Chambers gave, however, an easily recognized description
(Can. Ent., v, p. 112, 1873) and a good figure of the vena-
tion (Jouru. Chin. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. n, p. 201, 1880), and
the genus has long been well known among the few specialists
in the group. The genus is distinctly an American develop-
ment and in U. S. National Museum are several unpublished
species from Central America. Though I as yet have not seen
the present species, Cvane terpsichorella, from Central Amer-
ica, there is no doubt that it has been introduced into Hawaii
from there and that it eventually will turn up in collections
from the continent.

THE GENUS LATHETICUS WATERHOUSE.

[Coleoptera; Tenebrionidae.]
BY F. H. CHITTENDEN.

A small tenebrionid beetle of the genus Lathcticus, prob-
ably of Oriental origin, has recently been introduced into the
United States, being thus far found in Texas, where it is very
evidently established, and in Michigan, where a similar estab-
lishment seems probable. The species in question is Lathet-
icus orvzcr Waterhouse. As the insect bids fair to become a
pest in time, and is therefore of interest to economic entomol-
ogy, the occasion is taken to furnish a description for the ben-
efit of American entomologists, together with an illustration,
and to point out the salient characters which separate the
species from a native form, L. prosopisCliittenden, which has
previously been recorded and described.

LATHETICUS Waterhouse.

Latheticus Waterhouse, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, o, v, 147, isso.
Latheticus Chittenden, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xii, Kill, 1!>04.

Latheticus oryzae Waterhouse.

Latheticus oryzce Waterhouse, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (•">),
v, 147, IS'. U I.

Lyphia striolata Fairmaire. Revue Entomologique, xi, 11 1, ISiti'.
General form of Tribolium ferrugineum F., but rather narrower, and
with the head relatively larger and broader and more square in general
outline. Forehead and middle of the epistoma gently convex: the
former not very thickly but very distinctly punctured ; the epistoma less
distinctly punctured, about twice as broad as long, obliquely (but not
much) narrowed anteriorly, declivous in front, impressed at the sides,

136 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

emarginate in front; the ocular canthus not much encroaching upon the
eyes. Antennas rather short, thickest at the eighth joint, so that their
general outline is somewhat fusiform. Thorax very little broader than
the head across the eyes, a little narrower behind; very distinctly but
not very thickly punctured; the angle obtuse; the sides somewhat
straight, very finely margined. Elytra as wide as the broadest part of
the thorax, parallel, their surface somewhat uneven or wrinkled; each
elytron with four or five scarcely impressed lines, with somewhat large
punctures, the lines somewhat irregular, or here and there interrupted.
Legs rather slender. (Water house.)

Length, 2.5 to 2.75 mm.; width, 0.65 mm.

It will be noticed by the references to the genus that Water-
house's characterization has been transcribed in the Journal
of the New York Entomological Society; hence, need not be
repeated.

Distribution. — The type of this species was found in rice
from Calcutta, India. The insect is also recorded from
Arabia, Norway, and England. Champion has added its
occurrence in Italy, in a London granary, in samples from Bus-
sorah, Persia, and Odessa, Russia. The genus, as might be
inferred from the illustrations of the species presented here-
with, is closely related to Tribolium; in fact, it is placed near
the head of the tribe Ulomini, directly after Hypophhviis and
Doliema. This brings it above Ctcnocorse (JPalorus) and
Tribal in m.

The occurrence of this genus in the United
States was recorded only a few years ago (see
reference by the writer above quoted), but the
species under consideration, oryzcc, was not recog-
nized here until 1908. January 16 of that year
Mr. D. K. McMillan, of the" Bureau of Ento- /
mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, work- f
ing under the writer's direction, found this
species at Houston, Texas, in corn in a mill
there. It was not observed in abundance and
was associated with other mill and grain insects.
Later the same species was received from New
Brannfels, July 3, in flour, July 25 in rye and elevator
sweepings; in mill material from San Antonio; grain from Gal-
veston; wheat and mill material from Fort Worth; wheat,
grain, and refuse from Lyons and Wichita Falls, Texas, prac-
ticallv all collected by Mr. McMillan.

In February, 1910, Prof. R. H. Pettit sent a number of this

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1!)10. 137

species from wheat which came from a mill in Detroit, Michi-
gan, but which had probably been shipped from elsewhere.
It was in this case associated with three or four other common
species. The source of infestation could not be learned, nor
do we know if the species is established so far north, although
such is probably the case.

The genus Latheticns is readily separated from the two
common red Triboliums by its much paler color, which is yel-
low by comparison. It is perceptibly shorter than our native
L. prosopis Chttn., a trifle more robust, the thorax being a
little shorter, as are also the antennae. The eyes are strikingly
larger and the mandibles are less prominent, the inner tooth
being strongly developed. The following table is submitted
for the separation of the two species:

TABLE OF LATHETICUS.

Body four times as long as wide ; eyes narrower than canthi ; an-
tennas of moderate length; mandibles prominent with inner
tooth feeble. Southern California and Arizona... .prosopis Chittenden

Body a little less than four times the width; eyes larger, wider
than canthi ; antennas shorter ; mandibles less prominent with
inner tooth stronger. Texas. Introduced oryzce Waterhouse

This insect, L. oryzce, has a considerable literature for a
species which was not described until 1880. Seven references
are at hand, omitting mere catalogue lists. It is not possible
to foretell what will be its economic importance in the future.
It has shown its capability of holding its own with other flour
beetles like Tribolinm, as also with Rhizopertha, Calandra,
and Lcemophlceus, all grain feeders, is now becoming accli-
mated indoors, and probably will make its abode out of doors,
in tropical and semitropical regions such as are afforded by
Texas, portions of Kansas and Mexico, and other portions
of the South; hence it would not be beyond the bounds of
possibility for it to assume considerable economic interest in
America.

138 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

VAGRANT EUPITHECIAS.

[Lepidoptera; Geometridae.]
BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Some time ago, through the courtesy of Dr. Harrison G.
Dyar, there was entrusted to me some specimens from the
collection of the U. S. National Museum, belonging to the
geometric! genus Enpithecia and allies, for study and arrange-
ment. At that time the identity of even our commoner species
was in doubt, and the types of other described forms, without
seeming complement among this material, ought to have sug-
gested how much labor must be bestowed upon this group
before they could be intelligently assigned to positions of per-
manency. A large number of new species were being de-
scribed from the Western States, from Canada, and from Brit-
ish Columbia by Mr. George W. Taylor, whose types were
practically inaccessible for reference, owing to their distant
location, and while I believe I have been able to identify some
of these correctly it would not be surprising if other forms I
have here described prove synonyms of some of his species.
Even with this possibility it was deemed better to attach
names to those distinct forms which I have separated.

The results as given seem meager indeed, compared with
the labor expended, except as a contribution of larger knowl-
edge to the writer and the opportunity it affords him to ex-
press a grateful recognition of the kindly forbearance shown
him during the long period the material has remained in his
possession.

Genus NASUSINA Pearsall.

Nasusina niveifascia Hulst.

Two males, two females, Las Vegas, New Mexico, August
12 (Barber) ; Pecos, New Mexico, July 11 and 14 (Cockerell).

Nasusina inferior Hulst.

One male, Claremont, California (Carl Baker).
Nasusina discoidalis Grossbeck.

One female, L,as Vegas, New Mexico.
Nasusina remorata Grossbeck.

One male, Stockton, Utah (Spalding), August 30, 1904.

Nasusina insipidata, new species.

Expanse, 16 mm.

Palpi short, bushy, dark brown, tipped with white. Front with whitish
and dark-brown scales intermixed and a jet black band at clypeal edge.
Antennas slender, shortly ciliate, white barred with gray-brown. Thorax
white above, with a broad band of dark brown across front, grayish at

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 139

sides. Abdomen above white, mixed with gray brown, paler at base.
On second segment a narrow band of black, a narrow lateral stripe, and dor-
sal tufts black. Primaries much produced and sharp at apices. Ground-
color soiled white, clothed with brown so disposed as to leave all
cross-lines of the ground-color. Basal double, about one-third crosses
costa, then turns sharply, inclining toward base, straight to inner
margin. Intradiscal, also double, passes just outside the small linear
black discal dot, running in a line straight from costal edge toward outer
margin, thence at nearly a right angle, running parallel with basal line
to inner margin. Extra discal double line makes a sharp outward angle
after crossing costa, then in nearly a straight course, but with a strong
basal trend, reaches inner margin halfway between intradiscal terminus
and anal angle. Subterminal space darkened, centrally divided by the fine
zigzag whitish subterminal line. Marginal line dark brown, cut at veins.
A few black scales are clustered at apex, and above discal dot on costa
emphasize the beginning of a darker space crossing wing between the
double lines. Secondaries with ground-color as in primaries, with basal
and extra-discal lines of dark-brown scales crossing the wings, the for-
mer in a regular curve, the latter strongly rounded outward about the
small, diffuse, black discal spot, leaving the enclosed space rather clear
of scales. Outside this the double, clearly marked pale lines run par-
allel to it. Terminal space darker, centrally divided by a broad, irreg-
ular white line, parallel to margin. Marginal line dark brown. Fringes
pale on all wings, checkered with dark scales at end of veins. Basal area
darkened at inner margin, as are all the cross-lines. Beneath colored as
above, all the lines more clearly defined. Discal dots small, linear,
sharply defined, black. Body beneath white, abdomen paler than above.
Legs white sprinkled with brown scales.

Type: One male, taken at Las Vegas Hot Springs, New
Mexico, August 13 (Barber, coll.). No. 13361, U. S. National
Museum.

A female from the collection of the American Museum of
Natural History, New York City, No. 13246 of the Hy. Ed-
wards collection labeled "Havilah Calif.," I have made a
cotype with some hesitation, because of its condition. The
wings are more brownish than in type, but I can trace no other
distinction.

Genus EUPITHECIA.

Eupithecia insignificata Taylor.

One female, Wellington, British Columbia, April 16, 1902.
Van sublineata Taylor.

Male and female, Wellington, British Columbia, April 5,
1902. Two females, Seattle, Washington (Johnson).

Eupithecia modesta Taylor.

Male and female, Victoria, British Columbia (Anderson).

140 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Eupithecia olivacea Taylor.

One female, Wellington, British Columbia, April 6, 1903,
and another, much worn, Kaslo Creek, British Columbia.

Eupithecia perbrunneata Taylor.

One male, May 15,- — , no locality; two females, one taken
at Victoria, British Columbia, and another, No. 39045 (Dyar),
which I doubtfully place with it, Victoria, British Columbia,
August 23.

Eupithecia alberta Taylor.

Two specimens seem to answer the description of this
species; one Poland, Arizona (Mrs. H. M. Peabody) ; Yellow-
stone Park, July 11, 1892 (Dr. Wm. Barnes).

Eupithecia cootenaiata Dyar.

A much-worn specimen is referred to this species with some
doubt.

Eupithecia nimbosa Hulst.

A specimen minus abdomen from Fort Collins, Colorado
(July 16), agrees with type in Hulst collection at New Bruns-
wick, but not with that in Brooklyn Institute; another muti-
lated female from Pullman, Washington, seems conspecific.

Eupithecia plenoscripta Hulst.
One female, Seattle, Washington (Johnson).

Eupithecia multiscripta Hulst.

One male, Pullman, Washington, June 9, 1898 (Piper).
Eupithecia limnata Pearsall.

Eleven males (see Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p. 126).
Eupithecia usurpata Pearsall.

Three specimens (see Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p.
129).

Eupithecia sierrae Hulst.

One female, Pullman, Washington, June 8 (Piper).
Eupithecia borealis Hulst.

One female, L,as Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, August
11 (Barber).

Eupithecia longidens Hulst.

One female, Las Vegas, New Mexico, August 7 (Barber).
Eupithecia bivittata Hulst.

One female, Eureka, California, June 16 (Barber).
Eupithecia ornata Hulst.

Two females, L,as Vegas, New Mexico, August 6 (Barber).

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1'HO. 141

Eupithecia maestosa Hulst.

One male, Paraje, New Mexico, April 11, 1892 (Cockerell).
Eupithecia unicolor Hulst.

One female, Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar).
Eupithecia mutata Pearsall.

One male from Seattle, Washington (Johnson), and an-
other from the mountains of New Mexico, above timber-line,
August 2 (Cockerell), in bad condition.

Eupithecia ravocostalista Packard.

Two males, Wellington, British Columbia, April 17, 1903
(Bryant).

Eupithecia swettii Grossbeck.

Two females and one male, the former Washington, D. C.,
April 3, 1895; the latter from Washington, D. C., April 5,
(Warner).

Eupithecia miserulata Grote.

Twenty specimens, of which 14 are the normal form from
Maryland (Plummer's Island and Tavilah), and 6 represent
the var. uebnlosa Hulst, labeled "Tavilah, Md.," "Plummer's
Id., Md./' and "Selma, Alabama."

Eupithecia harlequinaria Dyar.

Male and female from Wellington, British Columbia, April
29, 1903 (Bryant); 1 male, Kaslo, British Columbia (Dyar).

Eupithecia rotundopunctata Pack.

One femalek Eureka, California (Barber), July 6.

Genus EUCYMATOGE.

Eucymatoge vancouverensis Taylor.

One specimen, Wellington. British Columbia, September
29, 1902.

Eucymatoge tenuata Hulst.

One specimen, Las Vegas, New Mexico, August 15 (Bar-
ber) .

The following species of Eupithecia are described as. new:

Eupithecia cupressata, new species.

Expanse, -'.} mm.

Palpi very long, rather stout, excepting terminal joint, which is slender
and long, pale russet brown, tips white. Head, body, and wings above
a roseate chocolate-brown, paler basally on wings and whitish on front
and vertex and scutellar region. Antenna- whitish ringed with brown,
slender, flattened, slightly ciliate. On primaries, which are large and
somewhat extended apically, the basal line is not apparent; the intra-
discal black at costa leaves it one-third out in a direct line toward anal

142 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

angle as far as the middle of cell, where it turns sharply downward and
somewhat basally in a wavy line to inner margin, fading out as it pro-
gresses. From costa a little beyond this a short black line runs outward
and joins the upper end of the prominent jet black linear discal spot.
The extra-discal a little broader and black at costa, crosses it, curves
sharply outward with a short, rounded curve at vein (>, turns backward,
touching lower end of discal spot, thence direct and fading out as it
runs to inner margin in a waved line. The gemina.te pale line outside
this is apparent across wing, a little clearer costally, and is bordered
outwardly by a faint dusky line. Submarginal space, a little darker,
richer brown, is broad, and a very faint trace of the pale line may be de-
tected. Marginal line on all wings black, broken between veins.
Fringes long, with pale line at base, otherwise color of wings, but dark-
ened by a mixture of dusky scales; secondaries show a faint trace of
the pale geminate line, bordered at inner margin by broad, dusky lines
which fade out at wing center, the outer one filling the space at anal
angle. Basally on inner margin are the apparent beginnings of two other
very faint cross-lines. Discal dots faint, dusky brown. Beneath the
primaries are paler than above, with costa and apices darkened. Only
the extra-discal line can be traced across wing, and the inception of
extra-discal as a dark spot on costa. Discal spots as above, but fainter.
Secondaries whitish, thickly and evenly sprinkled with brown scales,
leaving the geminate pale line nearly clear of scales and bordered with
narrow dusky lines, the inner quite distinct and crossing wing, rounding
outward in a curve just outside the jet black discal dot; marginal line
and fringes as above. Body beneath and legs soiled white, sprinkled
with dark-brown scales. Abdomen heavy, the second segment above
faintly darkened by a few black scales.

Type: No. 13362, male, from Monterey, California, was
reared from larva on cypress (No. 5598), the winged form
appearing December 5, 1892; is in U. S. National Museum;
apparently close to longipalpata Pack., and may be the near
relative he refers to in that description.

Eupithecia bindata, new species.

Expanse, IB mm.

Palpi short, stout, bushy, brown. Head rather broad, vertex and front
brown and gray scales mixed. Antennae slender, flattened, and slightly
ciliate in both sexes. Wings long and narrow, produced at apices,
but outer margins well rounded. Thorax and abdomen above dark
brown and gray mixed, the former whitish centrally and with scutellar
region broadly so, the latter with white dorsal stripes on first three or four
segments, not very definite ; second segmentsomewhat darker brown. All
wings above grayish, thickly sprinkled with dark scales, the secondaries
but little paler. On primaries about five clusters of dark scales equidis-
tant mark the whitish costas from base to extra-discal line and brokenly
along the principal veins. The wing area within extra-discal is appar-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1(110. 143

ently crossed by numerous pale wavy lines; the most prominent are a
pair basally and another from costa, curving outward around discal spot,
makes a bioad outward curve to vein, where a sharp inward angle oc-
curs, thence outward to inner margin. A well-defined extra-discal of
dusky brown scales makes a sharp outward turn below costa, at vein li
makes an abrupt rounded turn backward, and curving slightly toward
base reaches inner margin well within anal angle. The distinct geminate
pale line follows outside this and parallel to it. Subterminal space
darker, more evenly brown, is centrally divided by the clear white wavy
line running to anal angle, where it becomes a little broader. Second-
aries unmarked, except indications of two parallel dusky curved lines
which cross centrally, a few brown scales in clusters along inner margin,
and a whitish group at inner angle. Discal dots on primaries small,
linear, black ; on secondaries mere dusky specks. Terminal lines nar-
row, black, broken at veins. Fringes on all wings long, with a clear
white, narrow, unbroken line at base. Large dusky spots opposite veins
succeed this and are followed by another narrow whitish line ; borders
dusky. Beneath the dusky lines on all wings above are strongly repro-
duced in brown, the pale lines becoming clear white. On secondaries
the space between dusky lines is traversed by a geminate white line, and
the darkened borders of all wings show an irregular white submargina
line; discal spots indistinct. Fringes as above; body, legs, and abdo
men whitish, heavily sprinkled with dark-brown scales, the latter paler.

The male and female types, together with two male co-
types, were taken June 10 and June 7, 1898, respectively, at
Pullman, Washington, by C. V. Piper, and are in the collec-
tions of the U. S. National Museum, type No. 13663.

Eupithecia piccata, new species.

Expanse, 14 to lo mm.

Palpi long, stout, dark brown, tipped with white, vertex and front white,
a few dark-gray scales intermixed. Antenna; slender, ciliate, white,
ringed with dark gray. Thorax and abdomen above clothed uniformly
with a mixture of gray and brownish scales, no ring on second segment.
All wings above grayish white thickly covered with light and dark brown
scales, the latter forming along costa of primaries about four equidistant
blotches, and the cross-lines proceeding from them. Of these the basal
and median are mere rounded shade lines within discal point, but
from the costal inception of the latter line there starts also a clearly de-
fined dark-brown hair-line, which turning outward makes an acute angle
close to and enclosing the small black discal point, thence slightly basal,
wavy, to inner margin about half out. This and the extra-discal running
parallel with it include a pale space traversed centrally by a pale, in-
definite hair-line, and are darker and more easily traced. The succeed-
ing geminate pale lines are not more distinct than central pale band, and
the subterminal waved line, usually white, is only so in one of the three
specimens before me, the female type, where it is clear white, broadened

144 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

into spots at apex, centrally, and at anal angle. Beneath silvery brown-
ish ashen, dusky along costa of primaries and terminally on all wings.
The geminate pale lines are defined by dusky shade lines, and in one
example the intra-discal is also thus depicted. Discal spot rather large,
linear, but not distinct, dusky. Marginal line and fringes as above.
Body beneath and legs white. Tip of abdomen darker, scaled as above.
On secondaries one or two basal hair-lines, short at injier margin.
Only the intra-discal hair-line runs thus; the small black discal point
and the extra-discal round out more widely about cell; with this the pale
geminate lines are parallel and as distinct as on primaries, bounded out-
wardly by another dark diffuse line ; terminal space showing the white line
very faintly, except in female type, where it is white and "spotty" toward
anal angle. Marginal line on all wings blackish, widely broken at veins.
Fringes moderate, same color as wings, darker at base.

Type: Male and female are good examples of this small spe-
cies and were taken August 9 at L,as Vegas Hot Springs, New
Mexico, many years ago. They are in the U. S. National
Museum; type No. 13364.

Eupithecia segregata, new species.

Expanse, 18 mm.

Palpi long, moderately stout, brownish, flecked with white scales. Head
and front similarly clothed, the vertex paler, antennas slender, flattened,
slightly ciliate. Thorax and all wings above soiled white, thickly sprin-
kled with dark brown and grayish scales. Primaries not much extended,
the margins slightly curved along costa and submarginally they are
heavily scaled and thus darkened. Two broad bands of similar scales
bound the discal space, the outer including the large round blac.c discal
dot, and between them a white space of equal width, traversed centrally
by a narrow brown hair-line. These bands runstraight toward outer mar-
gin across costa, the outer to vein 6, the inner to cell center, then turn at
a sharp angle and run with a basal trend toward inner margin, becom-
ing paler as they approach it. Basal area of wing pale, apparently without
lines ; beyond the outer dark band a broad pale band crosses, through
which run three faint hair-lines, the inner pair darker at costa, the outer
traversing the pale geminate line which forms the outer boundary of
pale space, leaving the narrow dark submarginal space, through which
runs a very fine white, wavy line, ending in a distinct twin spot between
veins 1 and 2. Marginal line black, broken at veins. Fringes dusky
brown at vein-tip, marked with spots of dark brown. Secondaries paler,
with brown scales heaviest along outer margin, the geminate pale line run-
ning close to margin; its outer edge, strongly crenulate, is clearly trace-
able. A broad central pale band is present as on forewings and three
dark lines which start from inner margin fade out centrally, the inner
reaching to the small round black discal dot. A triangle of black scales
on basal inner margin, abdomen above dark-brown and gray scales
mixed, the black band on second segment, broad at sides, is reduced to

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 145

a mere line dorsally on posterior edge. Beneath ashen, the pale band as
above showing white, and all lines apparent, but much finer, the heaviest
being the intra-discal and the outer bordering or geminate pale lines,
while the extra discal becomes a row of black dots on veins. The lines
are broad and dark at costa on primaries, and the discal dot large, linear,
and jet black, on all wings. Marginal line and fringes as above. Body
and legs ashen, sprinkled heavily with dark brown.

Type: No. 13365; one male and one female, the former
from Southern Arizona (Poling), without date, through the
courtesy of Dr. Dyar, I have been allowed to retain. The
latter is the type, so-called, of Tep. niveifascia Hulst (Can.
Ent., xxx, p. 115), recorded from Oregon. It will be noted
that it is not even congeneric with the true niveifascia, the
type of which is in the Hulst collection at New Brunswick.

TWO NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA.

[Chalcidoidea ; Pteromalidae.]
BY J. C. CRAWFORD.

Coelopisthia diacrisiae, new species.

Female. — Length about ±5 mm. Head and thorax bronzy-aeneous, with
shallow thimble-like punctures; antennae brown, scape and pedicel tes-
taceous; first ring joint transverse, second slightly longer than broad ;
pedicel longer than ring joints and first joint of funicle united ; scutellum
at rear with larger punctures, causing the appearance of an indistinct
transverse line on scutellum ; propodeum with an indistinct median
carina; lateral folds indicated at base only; area bounded by lateral
folds punctured; back of the lateral folds the punctures extend lat-
erad to the spiracles ; neck of propodeum very short ; wings somewhat
dusky; postmarginal vein shorter thanstigmal: legs reddish testaceous;
hind femora and tibia; dark brown, knees, bases, and apices of tibia;
testaceous; abdomen very dark brown, basally metallic greenish.

Male unknown.

Habitat: Rocky Ford, Colorado.

Reared from Diacn'sici rir^hiica, by H. O. Marsh, Bureau
of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and recorded
under Chittenden No. 1561.

Type: Cat. No. 13367, U. S. National Museum.

Merisus mordellistenae, new species.

/vwrt/^.-Length about 2 mm. Head and thorax purplish black, with
scattered silver-white hairs: pleura1 and coxa3 with a bluish tinge; punc-
tures of head and thorax deep, thimble-like; face below antenna' with
stria; converging towards the. mouth; scape and pedicel brown, rest of
antenna1 honey-color; pedicel about as long as ring joints and first joint
of funicle united ; second ring joint about twice as long as first ; joints of

146 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

funicle subequal, the first slightly longer ; joints of club fused, the apex
produced into a spine-like process ; propodeum punctured, lateral folds
represented only by basal foveas ; mesepimeron with a depressed area
with thimble-like punctures, above this a single fovea and one below;
below insertion of wings a double fovea; rest of mesopleura- almost un-
sculptured; coxas metallic bluish, femora brown, rest of legs, including
trochanters, honey-color; abdomen yellowish, the sides more or less
dark brown. .

Male. — Length about 2 mm.; flagellum of antenna; over 1 mm. Sim-
ilar to the female but more purplish: legs brown, abdomen dark brown;
antennas elongate, dark brown, the funicle seven-jointed, the first joint
two-thirds as long as the scape; apical spur on club as in female; mes-
opleura; and metapleuree mostly punctured.

One of each sex reared from Mordellistena ustnlata by \V.
J. Phillips, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Ag
riculture; the female from Lafayette, Indiana (under Web-
ster No. 5181), and the male from Wilmington, Ohio (under
Webster No. 6332).

Type: Cat. No. 13368, U. S. National Museum.

NEW SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTEROID INSECTS.

BY NATHAN BANKS.

During the past two years I have received a considerable
number of these insects from Colombia, collected by Mr. A.
H. Fassl in the western part of that country. Dr. Esben
Petersen, of Silkeborg, Denmark, has kindly sent me dupli-
cates from the Jensen-Haarup expedition to Argentina. The
material in these two lots, and a few others, form the basis of
the following descriptions. The altitudes of the localities in
Colombia are in meters, as on the labels sent with the speci-
mens.

Family MYRMELEONID^.

Brachynemurus argentinus, new species.

Face pale yellowish, vertex pale brown, rather dark in front, not defi-
nitely marked ; antenna; pale brownish, tips darker; pronotum pale
yellowish, with a pale brown stripe each side, leaving a narrow median
line ; thorax pale yellowish, anterior lobe with two dark spots behind,
larger spot over base of each wing and on the pleura, a double dark spot
on each scutellum ; abdomen pale on basal part, dark or black toward
tip, all densely white-haired; legs very pale yellowish, tips of last tarsal
joint black, rest unmarked, spurs longer than basal two joints together.
Wings hyaline, venation yellowish, longitudinal veins interrupted with
black spots and a small cloud at end of each cross-vein in the fore wings,
the median vein in both pairs pale, almost unmarked, a larger spot

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 147

where cubitus and median connect near tip of the wing, and the stigma
rather darker. Wings rather broad, hardly acute at tips ; three cross-
veins before radial sector in fore wings, two in hind wings, about eight
branches to radial sector in each wing; in fore wings the anal vein
runs parallel to the cubital branch for about four cells, in the hind
wings not for one cell ; abdomen of female as long as fore wings, of male
much longer and more slender, the appendages very long, longer than
any segment of the abdomen, not much curved.

Expanse, .'!S to 4.~> mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jeusen-Haarup Expedition,
through Dr. Petersen.)

Psammoleon punctipennis, new species .

Head pale, a broad black band below antennae, and one above the
sockets ; two klack bands on vertex, the anterior band formed of three
spots, the middle spot longitudinal, the lateral transverse ; antenna' dark
brown, each joint tipped with yellowish ; pronotum dull black, a lateral
and a median yellow stripe, latter narrow, and both may be broken near
middle; thorax black, with yellowish spot on each side of the anterior
lobe, some on the lateral lobes, and on the scutellum a rather large api-
cal spot ; abdomen black, apex and middle above of basal segment pale,
sides of last dorsal segment pale, also tip of last ventral segment ; legs
pale, I and II heavily dotted with black on outer sides, and larger spot
at tips of femora above, III less dotted ; tarsal joints III and IV black;
legs slender, spurs as' long as two tarsal joints, fifth joint longer than
first; pronotum about as broad as long, abdomen rather short. Wings
hyaline; fore wings with four small black spots; one slightly before the
middle on hind margin, and three close together toward apex near hind
margin, two of them almost on the margin, also two fainter dots near
apex of wings; stigma with basal black dot; hind wings with one black
spot on hind margin toward tip, and very faintly one or two dots beyond
it. Venation mostly brown, the subcosta, radius, and cubitus spotted
pale. Wings rather long and narrow, acute at tips; twelve cross-veins
before radial sector in fore wings, one in hind wings, about twelve
branches to radial sector in fore wings, and the anal unites with cubital
branch just above the margin; all costal cross-veins simple.

Expanse, 7S mm.

From San Antonio, Colombia (Fassl). One specimen is
not fully colored and does not show the spots.

Myrmeleon argentina, new species.

Face yellow, a broad black band under and between antenna1, latter
wide apart, nearly twice the diameter of a socket; head above antenna-
dull black, with a yellowish spot near eye, and a submedian stripe, some-
times connected to the spot; antenna1 dark, paler near tip; pronotum dark,
anterior corners and lower margin paler, two pale spots each side, rather
large; thorax dull black, posterior margin of meso- and meta-thorax nar-

148 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

rowly pale; abdomen dull black, last few segments pale at tips, last seg-
ment with a pale spot each side, legs pale, femora mostly black, except
base and tip, tibia I black on outer side, tibia III black beneath, tarsi
blackish on tips of joints, spurs not as long as basal joint. Wings hya-
line, venation interruptedly black and white, the cubitus of hind wings
mostly black, stigma indistinct, pale. Wings slender, subfalcate at tips;
seven cross-veins before radial sector in the fore wings, five before ra-
dial sector in hind wings; about ten branches to radial sector in each
wing; in both pairs the anal runs parallel to fork of cuditus only a very
short distance.

Expanse, 50 to 52 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition,
Dr. Esben Petersen, of Silkeborg, Denmark).

Austroleon frontalis, new species.

Face yellow; a black band above and one below antennas; vertex
brown, rather paler each side behind; basal joint of antennae with brown
band below, rest of antennas brown; pronotum dark brown, with narrow
median pale line, broadened in the middle, and in front a round pale
spot each side, a pale spot or streak on each posterior side; rest of thorax
dark brown, with pale spots; two on anterior lobe, two larger behind
these, a small one over base of each wing, two on mesoscutellum, two
on metathorax, and two on metascutellum. Abdomen brown, faintly paler
at tips, and a spot on middle of the seventh segment above. Legs pale,
banded with black on the tibias; second, third, and fourth and apical
part of fifth tarsal joints black; femora I brown, II and III banded be-
fore tip. Wings hyaline, the veins black and white spotted, median
vein all black; the black on other veins more than white, many of the
cross-veins with median white dot; a small dark cloud at end of anal
vein in the fore wings, also one under stigma, and an oblique one be-
hind this near the hind border; stigma in both wings white, black at
base. Wings rather slender, subfalcate at tips; three cross-veins before
radial sector in the fore-wings, two in the hind wings; anal ends below
first fork of radial sector, radial sector with six branches in fore wings,
five in hind wings; all costal cross-veins simple. Abdomen of female
short; of male long and slender, with appendages nearly twice as long as
the last segment (nearly as long as width of the hind wings}.

Expanse, .'JO to 32 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition,
through Dr. Petersen).

Austroleon dorsalis, new species.

Face pale, only a very small dark mark under the antennal sockets, a
brown band above antenna; from eye to eye, a broader band across ver-
tex, longitudinally striated and divided'in the middle by a furrow: basal
joint of antennas with a brown band below; pronotum pale, a brown
stripe each side, and a shorter median one, the lateral stripes in front
curve toward each other and back toward the median stripe; two dark

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 149

stripes on the anterior lobe of thorax, a dark stripe above wings, and
middle of scutelli dark, the middle lobe of metathorax dark, with a pale
median spot; abdomen mostly dark, basal joint with yellow spot each
side, the othersegments with faint yellow side line; legs pale; third, fourth
and fifth tarsal joints tipped with black; tibia I with outer brown stripe,
tibia II with two dark marks above, all femora rather darker above.
Wings hyaline, venation interruptedly black and white: radial sector
mostly black, and the cubitus more black than white: a dark spot near
stigma, an oblique spot near end where cubitus and median connect, sev-
eral narrow clouds along the cubitus, an oblique one at the end of the
anal vein, and many of the marginal forks with small brown clouds;
hind wings scarcely marked at all. Wings moderately narrow, three
cross-veins before radial sector in fore wing, two in hind wing, about
seven branches to radial sector in each wing, both pairs acute at tips;
abdomen no longer than the fore wings.
Expanse, .'58 to 40 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition,
through Dr. Petersen).

Austroleon verticalis, new species.

Face yellow, antennal sockets margined on inner side below with
brown, a brown mark above the antennas, a transverse spot each side
on upper front near eye, a pair of submedian dots and two longitu-
dinal median brown spots on vertex ; antennae short, brown, basal
joint with brown mark below. Pronotum yellowish, a brown stripe
each side, with a spot in front of it, and a shorter median stripe in pos-
terior part; thorax with two brown spots on the anterior lobe, a median
brown stripe on the scutelli, a stripe over each wing brown; abdomen
pale, with median and lateral brown stripes; legs pale, tip of fifth
tarsal joint black, rest but little marked. Wings hyaline, venation
interruptedly brown and white, the median vein in both wings and
many cross-veins wholly dark; a dark spot near stigma, and one where
median and cubitus unite near tip of wing. Wings moderately slender;
three cross-veins before radial sector in the fore wing, two in the
hind wing; radial sector with five or six branches in both wings; fore
wings hardly acute at tip, rather broad there.

Expanse, 35 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition,
through Dr. Petersen).

Family CHRYSOPID^E.

Of the genus AUochrysa six species are before me that may
be tabulated as follows:

1. Distinct spots on wings other than stigma; inner gradate series

extends basally 2

No distinct spot on wings; inner gradate series not extended

basally 4

150 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

2. A large spot near origin of radial sector, and one near tip of

wing, many smaller spots; third cubital cell very narrow.

maculipennis

Only a spot at connecting veinlet between median and cubitus

in forewings 3

3. The upper part of the third cubital cell reaches nearly one-half

way back on the second cell pretiosa

The upper part of the third cubital cell reaches only a little

back on the second Colombia

4. Veinlets between radius and radial sector green, a small cloud

on the fourth veinlet from end of anal vein; small species.

inornata
Veinlets between radius and sector partly black 5

5. Gradate veinlets faintly clouded, inner gradate series irreg-

ular pulchella

Gradates not clouded, inner series regular cordillera

Allochrysa Colombia, new species.

In general similar to A. varia Schn., but lacks the black on basal
costal cross-veins and divisory veinlet, the outer gradate series is
not heavily marked, but at its base is a distinct dark cloud; the stigma
is dark at base; the black near tip of abdomen is in one large spot
(not broken up). The head shows a transverse blackish mark over
the base of the antennas, on the basal joint is a red stripe, and the
thorax is more heavily marked with black than in A. varia; the pro-
notum has a reddish mark at each anterior corner. The inner gradate
series is much more produced basally than in A. varia, often with 15
or 20 veinlets.

From Canon del Moute Tolima, 1,700 meters, October, San
Antonio, 1,800 meters, November; and Santa Margarita, July,
2,700 meters; all Colombia (Fassl).

Allochrysa pretiosa, new species.

Very similar to A. Colombia, but differs in that the inner series of
gradate veinlets does not extend so far basally, hardly further than in
A. varia, being about ten or eleven veinlets, and in the shape of the
third cubital cell. The upper part extends backward over the second
cubital for nearly one-half the length of that cell, so the divisory vein-
let appears as a fork of the median. The line over base of antennas
is more narrow than in A. Colombia, and the cloud at base of the inner
series of gradate veinlets is not nearly as prominent.

From Inmba, Cauca, 1,000 meters, January (Fassl).

Allochrysa maculipennis, new species.

Mouth blackish, a reddish mark on cheeks; basal joint of antennas
mostly black above, leaving a pale triangle, second joint dark, and
several other joints following marked with black; pronotum with two
reddish or blackish spots each side, one at anterior outer corner; tho-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 151

rax with dark subbasal band, a spot over base of fore-wings, and the
metascutellum dark; several of the abdominal segments near tip with
a black spot above; legs very pale; wings hyaline; forewings black at
extreme base, a large black cloud over the first connecting veinlet
from radial sector to median and up over the origin of the radial sec-
tor, a smaller cloud on end of anal vein and on the connecting veinlet
to cubitus, a black cloud on last two gradates of the outer series, an-
other on the normal base of the inner series (but inner series is ex-
tended basally, and some faint clouds near anal angle of wings, several
other smaller clouds, especially on the cross-veins between cubitus and
median; the stigma in both pairs with basal black spot; hind wings
otherwise unmarked. The venation is peculiar, the inner gradate se-
ries extends basally even before the origin of the radial sector, and
there is a partial longitudinal vein between the radius and radial sec-
tor; all cubital cells very narrow, the third over three times as long as
broad, the divisory veinlet parallel to sides; the costal area is not un-
usually broad; fore wings rather broad, not acute at tip, hind wings
much more slender, acute at tips.
Expanse, 45 mm.

From Canon del Tolima, Colombia, 1,700 meters, October,
and Anancabamba, Northern Peru, 1,800 meters (Fassl).

Allochrysa cordillera, new species.

Greenish, two red stripes on vertex, conjoined in front, sides of
pronotum with red stripe, thorax large, green; abdomen short and
large, dark; legs pale. Wings hyaline, venation green, gradate vein-
lets black, origin of radial sector black, cross-veins between radius and
radial sector black in the middle, also those between cubitus and anal;
stigma scarcely darker. Wings large and long, but scarcely acute;
second cubital shorter than third, lower cell of third lengthened at
lower tip; about seven cross-veins between radial sector and median,
and about twelve branches beyond; about eleven gradate veinlets in
each series, both much oblique; in hind wings the radial sector unites
with median for a cell-length.
Expanse, 44 mm.

From Innbatas, Rio Dagna, Colombia, August.
Allochrysa inornata, new species.

Pale yellowish or greenish; a reddish mark on each cheek, a red
mark on vertex near eye; antennaa pale; pronotum with a red stripe
each side; thorax pale in middle, green near base of wings; abdomen
green; legs paler. Wings hyaline, venation green, the gradate series
black and origin of radial sector and ends of some cross-veins between
radial sector and radius black, a cloud on the fourth veinlet from end
of the anal near hind margin, stigma not very distinct, five cross-
veins between radial sector and median, and seven branches beyond,
eight veinlets in outer gradate series, and four in the inner, latter but

152 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

little oblique; second cubital about as long as third, lower cell of
third broader and lengthened at lower tip. Wings short and broad;
fore wings not acute, the subcosta and radius very sinuous before mid-
dle; hind wings slender, acute at tip; the radial sector unites with
median for a cell length.

Expanse, 27 mm.

From Inubatas, Rio Dagna, 400 meters, Colombia, August.

Allochrysa pulchella, new species.

Face pale; cheeks red, tips of palpi black, a red spot on vertex each
side at eye; antennae pale; pronotum pale, unmarked; abdomen darker,
legs pale. Wings hyaline, venation greenish, the gradate veinlets
black, cross-veins between radius and radial section black at upper
ends, origin of radial sector also black, and forks of some of the outer
veins; these blackened veins all faintly margined with brown clouds,
also one or two clouds on branches of cubitus near hind margin, stigma
rather dark; hind wings all pale. Pronotum longer than broad, narrow-
ed in front. Wings long, acute at tips, second cubital cell shorter than
third, divisory veinlet not much oblique, but the lower cell is length-
ened at the lower outer corner; five cross-veins between radial sector
and median, and seven branches beyond; about eight gradates in outer
series, and about six in inner series, the latter irregular.

Expanse, 35 mm.

From Para, Brazil (Baker).

Chrysopa gloriosa, new species .

Face pale, a dark spot under each antenna, and one above each
socket ; a broad curved purplish stripe on upper side of basal joint of
antennae, second joint black, beyond pale; vertex and pronotum bright
green, latter with purplish spot at anterior corners; thorax green
above, pale on pleura, a dark stripe in front of the fore wings, abdo-
men pale greenish, with black spot above on fourth, sixth and seventh
segments; legs pale; wings hyaline, fore wings very distinctly black
at bases, a black cloud at the base of the radial sector, at last con-
necting veinlet between the median and cubitus, and on stigma; smaller
clouds on many cross-veinlets, especially on those between radius and
radial sector, venation green, gradate veins black, and dots at forks
of outer marginal veins. In hind wings all green, except the first con-
necting veinlet between radius and radial sector, which is black,
and a black spot at stigma, and at extreme tip of wing. Basal joints
of antennae very large, but antennae not very long; pronotum broader
than long. Fore wings rather broad, hind wings rather slender, and
acute at tips; second cubital cell much shorter than the third, divi-
sory veinlet but little curved and ending beyond the cross-vein, five
cross-veins from radial sector to median in fore-wings, four in the
hind wings, and about eight branches of radial sector beyond; in hind
wings the radial sector unites with the median for less than a cell-
length.

Expanse, 35 mm.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1(1 111. 153

From Canon del Tolima, Colombia, 1,700 meters, Novem-
ber (Fassl). It is the most handsome species of the genus
known to me.

Chrysopa albopalpis, new species.

Pale yellowish or greenish, a reddish mark on each cheek; palpi pale;
antennas pale, unmarked, not very long, a red mark each side on ver-
tex near eyes; pronotum with a dark spot at outer anterior corner,
about as long as broad, narrowed in front. Wings hyaline, venation
greenish, many of the cross-veins and branches with small brown
clouds, as in Ch. nigripalpis, also on the gradate veinlets of hind
wings; the costals in fore wings black at each end, and some gradate
veinlets, particularly of the outer series, dark. Wings moderately
broad, acute at tips; the second cubital cell a little shorter than the
third, divisory veinlet curved, ending a little beyond the cross-vein;
five cross-veins between radial sector and median in fore wing, four in
hind wing, seven branches beyond in both pairs; six or seven gradate
veinlets in inner and eight or nine in the outer series; in hind wings
the radial sector unites with median for nearly one cell-length.

Expanse, 26 to 28 mm.

From San Antonio, February, and Carmen, 1,600 meters,
November, Colombia.

Chrysopa caucana, new species.

Pale yellowish or greenish; a faint reddish mark under each eye, an-
tennae (except first and second joints) black, paler towards tip; pro-
notum a little longer than broad, hardly narrowed in front, a red stripe
each side near margin; wings hyaline, venation green, the costal cross-
veins wholly black, the gradate series black, and the cross-veins con-
necting radial sector to radius black in the middle; in the hind wings
the venation is all greenish; stigma barely distinct. Wings not very
long, hardly acute at tips; second cubital cell as long as the third, di-
visory veinlet ends much beyond the cross-vein; five cross-veins from
radial sector to median in fore wing, about seven branches of radial
sector beyond; about six veinlets in inner gradate series and seven to
nine in outer series; in hind wings the radial sector unites to median
for a cell-length.

Expanse, 33 mm.

From Inmba.Cauca, Colombia, 1,000 meters January (Fassl).

Chrysopa nigripalpis, nc\v species.

Yellowish or greenish, a bright red mark on each cheek, and vertex
with spot near eyes; palpi jet black; basal joint of antennae with red
line outside; rest of body and legs unmarked. Antennae very long,
basal joint large; pronotum about as broad as long. Wings hyaline;
venation greenish, the gradate veinlets margined with faint brown
clouds, and many other cross-veins and branches with brown cloud at

154 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

one end, none of the veinlets black; in hind wings the gradate veinlets
are more narrowly marked. Wings rather broad, acute at tips; sec-
ond cubital cell much shorter than the third, divisory veinlet straight,
ending much before the cross-vein, four cross-veins between radial sec-
tor and median and seven branches of radial sector beyond, in both
pairs; about five of six gradate veinlets in each series, the inner series
very irregular in position; in hind wings the radial sector unites with
median for less than a cell-length.

Expanse, 35 mm.

From San Antonio, Colombia, 1,800 meters, February
(Fassl).

Chrysopa lanata, new species.

Wholly pale greenish yellow, with some reddish on cheeks, and
sometimes a faint reddish mark above near eye, and a pale median
stripe on pronotum and thorax; legs pale; wings hyaline, venation
greenish, unmarked; stigma moderately distinct. Pronotum but little
broader than long, narrowed in front. Wings long, slender, strongly
acute at tips of both pairs; second cubital cell no longer than the
third, the divisory veinlet ending far before the cross-vein, yet the
small cell is about three times as long as broad; five cross-veins be-
tween radial sector and median, and about seven branches of the radial
sector beyond; about six or seven cross-veins in inner gradate series,
and about eight in the outer series in fore wings; usually two or three
branches of cubitus are forked before margin.

Expanse, 23 to 25 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haaiup Expedition,
through Dr. Peterseu).

Eremochrysa argentina, new species.

Face long, pale; a black spot on each cheek under the eye; two
narrow dark lines on vertex, conjoined in front between the antennas,
second jgint in antennae dark, basal joint with a black line on the out-
side, basal part of the antennae dark, tips of palpi dark, pronotum
dark green, unmarked (except dot on anterior corner seen from side)
much broader than long; thorax and abdomen paler green; legs pale
yellowish. Wings hyaline, venation greenish, with minute dark dots
at base of each bristle; stigma narrow, distinct. Wings short and
broad, rounded at tips; the second cubital cell is very much longer
than the third; the divisory veinlet ends much beyond the cross- vein;
five or six cross-veins between radial sector and the median, only
three or four branches of radial sector beyond; in fore wing the radius
runs down parallel to tip and apparently not into the margin; only one
or two gradate veinlets in any wing; all cells large and subquadrate.

Expanse, 16 to 18 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition,
through Dr. Esben Petersen).

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, I'.ild. 155

Leucochrysa caucella, new species.

Greenish, a reddish mark on each cheek, tips of palpi black, basal
joint of antennae reddish above, and at base of sockets above isa'dark
spot; pronotum with a red stripe near each side margin; thoraxgreen;
abodmen greenish or brownish. Wings hyaline, venation green, grad-
ates and cubital cross-veins black at ends, radial sector black at origin,
not black beyond; hind wings with greenish venation, the gradate
series dark, and costals sometimes partly dark; stigma in both pairs
dark and prominent. Fore wings rounded at tip, six cross veins from
radial sector to median, and sevon branches beyond ; second cubital
cell shorter than the third, the divisory veinlet starting from near the
median; about six veinlets in the inner gradate series, and about seven
in the outer row; hind wings slender, acute at tips.

Expanse, 30 mm.

From Ininba, Cauca, 1,000 meters, January; San Antonio,
1,800 meters, January; and Canon del Monte Tolima, 1,700
meters, October; Colombia.

Leucochrysa neuralis, new species.

Pale yellowish; basal joints of antennae large, reddish above, a
broad transverse red mark above antennae, one on anterior corner of
pronotum, and a large transverse red spot each side near middle, sev-
eral spots on each side of thorax above; abdomen slightly marked with
black toward tip. Wings hyaline; venation pale, the gradate veinlets
and the cubital cross-veins wholly black, many other cross-veins
largely black at ends, radial sector black at origin and also near mid-
dle, stigma not very distinct; hind wings pale greenish, venation pale,
the gradates dark. Fore wings rather long, hardly acute at tip; six
cross-veins from radial sector to median, and nine branches beyond;
nine veinlets in the inner gradate series and ten in outer series; sec-
ond cubital shorter than the third, divisory veinlet straight and very
oblique, cutting off only a very small cell and ending beyond the cross-
vein. Hind wings slender, acute at tips; seven veinlets in inner grad-
ate series, nine in the outer row.

Expanse, 40 mm.

From San Antonio, January, 1,800 meters, Colombia (Fassl.)

Leucochrysa montanola, new species.

Greenish or yellowish; a dark spot on each cheek; tips of palpi black;
basal joint of antennae with a red-brown stripe on outer side, second
joint dark red-brown; pronotum with a narrow black margin; thorax
and legs pale greenish. Abdomen rather darker near tip. Wings hya-
line, venation green, gradates and cubital cross-veins black, and most
of the other cross-veins and branches of the cubitus black in part; ra-
dial sector black at base, and also beyond the middle before stigma;
hind wings with pale venation, gradates pale greenish; stigma in both

156 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

pairs dark and prominent. Fore wings rounded at tip; six cross-veins
from radial sector to median, nine branches beyond; about eight vein-
lets in each gradate series; the second cubital cell much shorter than
the third; the divisory veinlet cuts off a large cell; hind wings slender,
acute at tips.
Expanse, 33 mm.

From Canon del Monte Tolima, Colombia, 1,700 meters,
December (Fassl).

Family HEMEROBIID^.

Micromus falcatus, new species.

Head pale, antennas pale brownish; pronotum, thorax, and abdo-
men brown; legs pale, banded with dark; femora I with three bands,
femora II and III with two, one near middle, one near tip; all tibiae
with two bands, one near base, other near tip; in I and II the basal
band is very broad; tarsi dark at tip. Wings rather dark brown, es-
pecially in the anal area; venation pale, marked with brown much as
in M. dispar, but more prominent dark spot beneath tip of stigma and
on the end of the anal vein; outer gradates narrowly edged with hya-
line, other gradates hyaline in middle. Hind wings brownish, darker
at tip, pale venation, outer gradates black. Fore wings slender, dis-
tinctly subfalcate at tip, five radial sectors, outer one forked three
times before outer gradate series, three gradate series, five in inner
row, seven in middle row, widely separated one from the other, and
about ten or eleven in the outer row. Hind wings with radial sector
six or seven branched; eight veinlets in the inner gradate series and
ten in the outer row.

Expanse, 25 mm.

From Monte Socorro, Colombia, 3,000 meters, July (Fassl).
Micromus dispar, new species.

Yellowish, a dark dot on each side of face, antennas brownish; legs
pale, front and middle pair with blackish bands near tip of femora,
base and tip of tibiae, and tip of tarsi; abdomen brown. Wings faintly
brown, with pale venation, interrupted with brown dots, especially
prominent on the radius, cubitus, outer gradate series, and each side
of the stigma, margin with patches of dark veins, on hind margin far
apart; most of the gradate veinlets have a white dot on the middle.
Hind wings pale, venation pale, gradates dark, stigma slightly prom-
inent. Fore wings long, tip rounded, five radial sectors, outer one
forked three times before outer gradate series ; three gradate series,
five veinlets in the inner, six in the middle, and nine in outer series;
hind wings with radial sector with six branches; two gradate series,
seven in inner and nine in outer series.

Expanse, 25 mm.

From Monte Socorro, Colombia, 3,500 meters, July.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1'Htl. 157

Megalomus marginatus, new species.

Pale yellowish; antennae slender, longer than breadth of wings; hind
tibia fusiform. Wings yellowish hyaline; venation yellowish, faintly
interrupted with brown, margin with groups of dark dots separated
by pale spaces, both gradate series margined with brown, the outer
quite heavily; an oblique dark stripe from anal angle to end of inner
gradate series; this stripe contains a narrow hyaline streak; base of
stigma slightly marked, the veinlets here very numerous and close to-
gether; hind wings with the outer gradate series black, only three
veinlets in the inner gradate series, the stigma yellowish. Fore wings
two and a fourth times as long as broad, costal area moderately broad
toward base, costal cross-veins numerous and once or twice forked;
three veinlets between radius and subcosta in basal half of wing; ra-
dius with five or six branches, the outer two being close together at
base, or even united; about seven gradate veinlets in inner series and
ten in the outer series; the cross-veinlet between the first sector of
radius and the median is fully twice its length out on the radial sector.

Expanse, 15 mm.

From Canon del Monte Tolitna, 1,700 meters; and San An-
tonio, 1,800 meters; Colombia, February (Passl).

Boriomyia colombiensis, new species.

Pale yellowish brown; antennas long, slender. Wings rather long
and slender, acute at tips, faintly brownish, heavily marked with dark
spots and clouds; venation mostly brown or black, sometimes inter-
rupted, especially the radius, the subcosta pale; anterior margin of
wing with groups of black veinlets separated by pale spots, on hind
margin the dark patches and clear spots are both longer; there are
dark clouds along the gradate series, and also near the outer and api-
cal margins in patches; several darker spots or one large dark spot
near end of anal vein, one on connecting veinlet from cubitus to anal;
two other dark spots, one at forking of first and other at forking of
second radial sector, the latter sometimes much larger and more
prominent. .Hind wings smoky, tip darker, costal area yellowish, outer
gradates dark, and a dark spot on the lower end of the series.

Fore wings with the costal area rather narrow; four (sometimes
five) radial sectors; three series of gradate veinlets, four to six in in-
ner and middle series, six to eight in ou'er series; some of those of
outer and middle series have a hyaline dot upon them. Hind wings
with two series of gradate veinlets, about six in the inner and eight
in outer series.

Expanse, 22 to 26 mm.

From San Antonio, Colombia, 2,000 meters, February, and
Monte Socorro, 3,500 to 3,800 meters, Colombia, July. "

158 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Sympherobius modestus, new species.

Face pale, a dark mark on cheeks, one under each antenna, one be-
tween antennae, and fainter ones on the clypeus, vertex brown, with
pale median spot behind; antennae slender, yellowish, faintly annulate;
pronotum brown, with median pale stripe; thorax dark brown, with
several pale spots; abdomen dark brown; legs pale yellowish, hind
tibiae much swollen beyond middle. Wings faintly brownish, darker
apically and on the outer margin; venation brown, interruptedly pale,
alternate pale and dark dots around margin, brown clouds on gradate
veinlets, and on many cross-veins, and a large, rather triangular dark
spot above the anal angle; hind wings faintly smoky, darker at tip,
venation brown. Fore wings moderately long, fully two and three-
fourths times as long as broad, two radial sectors, upper branch of the
second is connected back to the radius twice, one cross-veinlet between
first radial sector and the median, near base of median fork; two cross-
veinlets from anal to cubitus; costal area rather narrow; in hind wings
no gradate veinlets, only the two small cross-veinlets in disc of wing,
the radial sector with three branches.

Expanse, 11 mm.

From Mendoza, Argentina (Jensen-Haarup Expedition).

Hemerobius tolimensis, new species.

Pale yellowish, a dark mark on each cheek; antennas rather heavy;
pronotum with a dark mark each side; abdomen brownish, legs pale
yellow. Wings hyaline; venation pale, with brown dots, except the
subcosta; outer and posterior margin of wing brown, margin with
groups of brown dots alternating with pale spaces; stigma indistinct,
from each dot on a vein extends an oblique cloud on each side of vein,
and the gradates margined with brown. Hind wings pale, venation
pale brownish, costal area yellowish. Fore wings rather long, almost
acute at tips, costal area quite broad at base, three radial sectors,
third forked but twice before stigma, and connected back to radius
but once before stigma and once at the outer gradate series; veinlet
connecting lower branch of median to cubitus dislocated from and
shorter than the veinlet below it ; five veinlets in the inner gradate
series, last beyond preceding, about seven in the outer series. Hind
wings with two branches to radial sector, and but few cross-veins,
only the middle two of the inner gradate series, and about five or six
in the outer series.

Expanse, 20 mm.

From Monte Tolima, Colombia, 3,200 meters, January, and
Guincta, Ouindini, Colombia, 3,500 meters (Fassl).

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, !!»](). 159

Hemerobius bolivari, new species.

Pale yellowish, a black mark on each cheek, and tips of palpi black;
antenna? rather short. Wings hyaline; venation pale yellowish, inter-
rupted with dark-brown dots at rather long intervals, from each dark
dot there extends a brown streak obliquely out each side of the vein;
gradate series brown, and costal cross-veins brown at bases, a black
spot on the veinlet connecting lower branch of median to the cubitus,
and a smaller one at forking of cubitus; hind wings hyaline venation
pale. Fore wings slender, rounded at tip, costal area broad at base,
three radial sectors, a connecting veinlet from median to radius long
before origin of first radial sector; the connecting veinlet from the
lower branch of median to cubitus is shorter than the veinlet below it;
about six gradates in inner series and about seven in outer series; the
lower of inner series before the preceding one; hind wings with only
a few cross-veins.

Expanse, 16 mm.

From San Antonio, Colombia, 1,800 meters, February

(Fassl).

Hemerobius albipennis, new species.

Head, antenna?, and thorax black, abdomen paler, legs very pale,
wings whitish hyaline, with hyaline venation, wholly unmarked; palpi
pale, with black tips. Antenna? rather long and slender; fore wings
elongate, tip rounded, costal area rather narrow, three radial sectors,
but the third is forked three times before stigma, and connected back
to the radius only once before stigma, and once at the outer gradate
series; the cross-veinlet from the lower branch of median to the cubi-
tus is shorter than the veinlet below it; six veinlets in the inner gra-
date series, last two interstitial or the last beyond preceding, seven
in outer series. Hind wings with few cross-veins.

Expanse, 16 mm.

From Paso del Ouindini, Ivinca, Colombia, 3,800 meters.
Distinct from all known species, by the contrasting colors of
wings and body.

Family TRICHOPTERA.

Macronema fraterna, new species .

Closely related to M. argentilineata Ulmer, and lacks the first apical
sector in the hind wings; the fore wings are dark as in that species,
with the silvery line across in the stigmal region, but in this species
this line is plainly broader on the costal end, the apex of the wing is
also silvery for a short space, the inner margin of this space being-
convex (concave in M. argentilineata), and does not extend back
along the outer margin; there is no pale spot between the transverse

160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. XII, 1910.

line and the tip of wing, the basal costal region is also silvery. The
hind wings are not as broad at base as in M. argentilineata; more like
M. lineata.

Expanse, 18 mm.

From Guiana (Rolle).

Leptocella pulchella, new species.

Pale whitish yellow; tips of antennal joints dark, and four black
spots in fore wings before the anastomosis, forming a rhomboid, one
of the spots on the hind margin, two black spots on the anastomosis,
and two to five fainter spots beyond, sometimes forming a faint band;
the outer fringe gray, that at anal angle longer and nearly black;
hind wings wholly pale whitish, with long white fringe. Discal cell of
fore wing swollen both above and below just before tip.

Expanse, 20 mm.

From Canon del Monte Tolima, Colombia, 1,700 meters,
December (Fassl).

Polycentropus colombiensis, new species.

Head black, with fulvous or brownish hairs; antennae yellowish;
pronotal lobes with tawny hair; thorax dark; abdomen black above,
brown below, legs pale yellow brown, basal joint of tarsus I darker.
Wings dark brown or black, densely hairy, with many faint golden
spots, not prominent, fringe dark; hind wings dusky, darker at tips,
venation brown. Fore wings with the discal cell a trifle longer than
its pedicel; first apical fork shorter than its pedicel, second fork reach-
ing to end of discal cell, third and fourth forks an equal distance back,
but not as far as the second; the fifth fork reaching nearly one-half
way back of the discal cell, wide near base. Hind wings rather broad,
no discal cell, both branches of radial sector forked, upper very
shortly so, fourth fork large and its upper branch close to lower
branch of the third fork.

Expanse, 20 mm.

From Canon del Monte Tolima, 1,700 meters, Colombia.
January 10.

Actual date of issue, September 6, igio.

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A deceptive bee. By T. D. A. Cockerell. 1908. 2pp 10

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Notes on a few apparent cases of synonymy in Lepidoptera. By Harrison

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Notes on the species of Acrobasis, with descriptions of new ones. By

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Notes on some American Cochlidiido:, with descriptions of new species.

By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 5 pp 10

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A further note on the sloth moth. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908. 2pp. 10

A new Saturnian moth from the Southwest. By Harrison G. Dyar. 1908.

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described species. By John A. Grossbeck. 1908. 7 pp 10

Injury to rak forests in Texas by Heterocampa manteo Doubleday. By

W. A. Hooker. 1908. 2 pp 10

NEUROPTERA — On the classification of the Corydalin«c, with description of a new

species, iiy Nathan Banks. 1908. 4 pp 10

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON,

No. I North Pitt HMvft.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

Page

ALLARD, H. A.: The Stridulations of some Cone-headed Grass-
hoppers 121

BANKS, N. : New South American Neuropteroid Insects 146

BUSCK, A.: New Central American Microlepidoptera introduced

into the Hawaiian Islands 132

CHITTENDEN, F. H.: The Genus Latheticus Wat 135

COQUILLETT, D. W. : New Genera and Species of North American

Diptera 124

CRAWFORD, J. C. : Two New Parasitic Hymen optera 145

DYAR, H. G. : Notes on the Family Dalceridse 113

PEARSALL, R. F. : Vagrant Eupithecias 138

DEATH NOTICES:

Henry Ulke 105

G. W. Kirkaldy Ill

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OF WASHINGTON.

VOL. XII OCTOBER • DECEMBER, 1910 No. 4

NOTES ON MEGALOPYGID^E.

[Lepidoptera; Megalopygidae. ]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

The types of two species described as Carama prove on
examination not to belong to the Megalopygidae. They are
the following:

Maenas flavescens Schaus.

Carama flavescens Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, 57, 1896.

The single female type belongs to the genus Mcenas in the
Arctiidae. It appears to be distinct from any of the described
species recorded by Hampson.

Caviria grisea Schaus.

Carama grisea Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., iv, 57, 1896.

The single male type belongs to the genus Caviria in the
Liparidae. It is a stout species, allied to Caviria tibialis
Walker.

The table of genera of Megalopygidae which was published
by Mr. Schaus (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 333, 1905), has
proved unsatisfactory, because the primary character there
used, the degree of anastomosing of vein 8 with the cell, dif-
fers in the sexes of the same species and is besides somewhat
variable. I have therefore eliminated this character, with the
resuic given below. I formerly proposed a family, Aididae,
for Aidos and BmchycodiUa, but this group has not been
accepted, and I therefore include the genera here. I think
really that the family should stand, for according to Hamp-
son's latest table (Cat. Lep. Phal., i, 19, 1898) it falls between
the Cossidae and Dalceridaa, to neither of which do the genera
seem to belong.

161

162 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TABLE OF GENERA.

Hind wing with vein 8 not anastomosing with the cell, free or
joined by a bar at end of cell (Aididae) :

Hind wing with vein 8 free Aidos Hiibner

Hind wing with vein 8 joined to the cell by a bar.

Brachycodilla Dyar

Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing with the cell (Megalopygidae) :
Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked or connate.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked or connate.
Antennae short, less than half the length of fore wing.

Gois Dyar
Antennae long, over half the length of fore wing... Ramaca Dyar

Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 separate Mesoscia Htibner

Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 separate.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked or approximate at

origin.

Antennas short, less than half the length of fore wing.
Wings normal, trigonate.
Fore wings with 12 veins.
Antennae moderate, about half as long as the fore

wing Norape Walker

Antennae very short, about one-third as long as fore

wing Repnoa Dyar

Fore wings with 11 veins, vein 8 absent.... Microrape Dyar

Wings short, rounded Cyclara Schaus

Antennae long, over half the length of fore wing ; branch

of vein 1 obscure.

Hind wings with veins 6 and 7 remote.
Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing with cell to near

end Sulychra Butler

Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing with cell shortly

near base Bedalia Dyar

Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 approximate... Anarchylus Dyar
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 separate.
Frenulum distinct, with a costal loop in the male.
Thorax strongly prominent before the wings.

Outer margin normal; vein 1 with a strong branch.

Podalia Walker
Outer margin of fore wing very long ; vein 1 sinuate,

without a distinct branch Edebessa Walker

Thorax not strongly prominent.
Stem of veins 7-10 bent downward toward 6.

Archylus Walker
Stem of veins 7-10 not so bent.

Antennae long, over half the length of fore wing.

Malmis Dyar

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 163

Antennae long, about half the length of fore wing.

Trosia Hiibner
Antennae short, less than half the length of fore wing.

Vein 10 present. 11 free Hysterocladia Felder

Vein 10 absent, 11 anastamosing with 12 . Vescoa Dyar
Frenulum obsolete, without costal loop in the male.
Antennae long, over half the length of fore wing.. Lagoa Harris
Antennae short, less than half the length of fore wing.

Megalopyge Hiibner

Genus NORAPE Walker.

Norape Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., iii, 774, 1855, type,

puella Walker.
Carama Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., iv, 843, 1855; type,

sparshalli Curtis.
Mallotodesma Wallengre"n, Vet. Akad. Handl., xv, 212, 1858;

type, discrepans Wallengr^n.
Ulosota Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii, 524,1864; type, cretata

Grote .

The familiar name Carama can no longer be used for these
species. It is antedated by Norape Walker ; but it is not
properly available in any case. Walker founded the genus
upon what he supposed was sparshalli Curtis, and sparshalli
should therefore be taken as the type, whatever may have
been actually before Walker at the time. He has specified
sparshalli as the type, being the only included species, and
this action is more vital to nomenclature than his descriptions.
Sparshalli appears to be an Australian species. Carama will
therefore become a synonym of Trichetra West wood.

Norape ovina Sepp.

Phalaena ovina Sepp, Surin. Vlind., iii, pi. 105, 1852.

Carama sparshalli Walker (not Curtis), Cat. Lep. Het. Brit.

Mus., iv, 844, 1855.
Mallotodesma discrepans Wallengr^n, Wien. Ent. Mon., iv, 163,

1860.
Lagoa (Ulosota) cretata Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii, 524,

1864.

Carama walkeri Butler, Cist. Ent. , ii, 203, 1877.
Carama cretata Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., 358, 1903.

In this species the wings are crossed by lines of appressed
scales, giving a striped, silvery appearance to the white sur-
face ; the head and abdominal tufts are tipped with yellow;

164 PKOCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

front and pectus smoky brown ; tarsi white ; male antennae
reddish ocherous. It is the largest species.

I am unable to distinguish our North American Carama
cretata from this widely distributed form. Mexican speci-
mens are of about the same size as those from Washington,
D. C., but farther south they get larger. My largest specimens
are from British Guiana. Southward in Brazil they are again
a little smaller, about the size of Costa Rican examples.

I have given Carama pura Butler as a synonym of this spe-
cies, but am inclined at present to consider it distinct. Sepp
mentions no yellow color, but this is often obscure in females.
The size and striped appearance of the wings, which he repre-
sents, compel the present identification.

Norape plumosa Butler.

Carama plumosa Butler, Cist. Ent., ii, 204, 1877.
Carama plumosa Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 436, 1892.

This is probably only a variety of ovina. Butler separates
it by being smaller, with the anterior legs black on one side.
The size is of no account, while the amount of black on the
fore legs is variable. In Guiana specimens the femora are black,
tibiae and tarsi white; in Venezuelan, Mexican, and North
American specimens the tibiae also are black on one side, while
in Brazilian and occasional Mexican specimens the tarsi also
are invaded by the dark color. There is a tendency toward
an increase of black on the fore legs toward both extremes of
the range of the species, most pronounced toward the south-
ern extreme. It is these southern or Brazilian specimens on
which plumosa was founded.

Mr. Schaus has recently sent to the National Musemn some
specimens from Costa Rica, which he identifies as phimosa
Butler; but with this identification I am inclined to disagree.
I consider the specimens to belong to pura Butler, as they
have no yellow on the abdomen, nor bands of shining scales
on the wings. However, as I have not compared Butler's
type, Mr. Schaus may be right. Differences of opinion may
easily arise with these closely allied forms. See the remark
under N. cat hams below.

Norape hadaca, new species.

Vertex of head yellow, abdomen pure white; front legs black on one
side to the tips. Expanse, 33 to 37 mm.

Two males, Motzorongo, Mexico, June, 1906 (R. Miiller);
Mexico, without definite locality (H. T. Heyde).
Type: No. 13105, U. S. National Museum.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, Kilo 165

This has the same striped wings as the preceding, but has
no yellow on the abdomen. I have another male from Mot-
zorongo with yellow on the abdomen and with black front
legs, but it is the specimen referred to above as "occasional
Mexican specimens" of plumosa. Possibly the yellow of the
abdomen should be considered as the variable character and
the forms separated on the color of the fore legs, in which
case we would have ovina (typical) in the Guianas, giving
off the race plumosa in Brazil and the race cretata from
Venezuela to North America. The form hadaca would then
rank as a species. Possibly also the yellow-marked specimen
is another species, but I hesitate to so refer it with but one
specimen before me,

Norape virgo Butler.

Carama virgo Butler, Cist . Ent. , ii, 203, 1877.

Carama virgo Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 436, 1892.

Carama virgo Dyar, Brookl. Inst. Mus., Sci. Bull, i, 8, 8, 1906.

This species has the same striped effect of the fore wings,
but the tarsi of all the feet are black. The vertex of the head
and the abdomen are tinged with yellow. The species ranges
from southwestern Texas through Mexico to Costa Rica.
The southern specimens are the largest, which indicates that
the species is most at home in Central America. I should
therefore expect its range to extend into South America.
Such is apparently the case, as Butler gives one of his local-
ities as "New Granada" (-= Colombia).

Norape puella Walker.

Norape puella Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., iii, 775, 1855.

The striped effect of the wings is well marked, but the
species is of a more slender build than those heretofore con-
sidered. The black, wedge-shaped streaks between the veins
of the fore wing make the species easily recognizable. Walker
placed the genus in the Arctiidas and was followed by Kirby
in his catalogue (1892), but Schaus correctly refers it to the
Megalopygidae (1900). The white species of Arctiida?, Li-
paridaj, Cochlidiidse, and Megalopygidae have been very con-
fusing to the older authors and to some later ones, too.

Norape venata Schaus .

Norape venata Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., viii, 230, 1900.

This species is of the usual structure, the body parts rather
stout. The striped effect of the wings is slightly indicated,
but is nearly lost. The longitudinal gray streaks between the
veins are characteristic.

166 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Norape butleri Baker.

Carama butleri Baker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 133, 1887.

In this species the head and abdomen are pure white with-
out yellow tint. I have this form from Brazil, Trinidad, the
Guianas, and Mexico. No specimens are before me from
Central America, though it undoubtedly occurs there. The
species is of medium size and without any yellow. The
wings are smooth, without the banded effect, which is lacking
also in all the following species.

Norape miasma, new species.

Similar to butleri, but of an impure yellowish white throughout.
The hind wings are somewhat whiter than the fore wings. The front
is white, the pectus black. All the tarsi are tinted with dusky be-
neath, though white on top.

Six males, four females, Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus
collection).

Type: No. 13106, U. S. National Museum.

Norape pura Butler.

Carama pura Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. , 64, 1878.

This differs from butleri only in that the head is yellow on
the vertex. It has the same range. My specimens are from
Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, and Mex-
ico. I do not know how constant the yellow coloration is.
This can only be proved by breeding.

Norape catharus, new species .

Pure white; front white, vertex and antennal tufts yellow; abdo-
men tinged with yellow dorsally; lower part of front and pectus
brown; fore legs blackish on one side; all the tarsi tinged with brown
beneath. Expanse 37 mm.

Two males, Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T. Foster).

Type: No. 13107, U. S. National Museum.

This would seem to be the species indicated by Baker as
plumosa Butler (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 134, 1887), but
Butler in his original description says that plumosa only
differs from walkeri (-= ovina) in its smaller size and the
black upper surface of the anterior pair of legs. I have there-
fore referred it to the specimens so characterized.

Norape flarnrnicornis Schaus.

Carama ftammicornis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 334,
1905.

Antennae red; a black costal edge to fore wing; all the tarsi
are black, but there is no yellow color on the insect. The
wings are smooth.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 167

Norape laticosta, new species.

Pure white ; costa of fore wing broadly black above and below;
palpi, orbits, pectus, and all tarsi black; antennas dull red, the shaft
partly white-scaled ; head with a little yellow tint. Expanse 28 mm.

Three males, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, June, 1906 (W.
Schaus).

Type: No. 13108, U. S. National Museum.

Norape tener Druce.

Archylus tener Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am. Lep. Het., ii, 411, 1897.

The single type specimen has veins 3 and 4 of hind wing
connate, 4 and 5 of fore wing separate, although very shortly
so. It therefore must be placed in this genus. The Arizona
form, supposed to be the same as the Mexican tener, is referred
to here under the genus Ramacu.

Norape alydda Druce.

Alpis alydda Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am. Lep. Het., i, 210, 1887.

I .have a single specimen from Ecuador in poor condition, but
apparently this species. The type locality is Costa Rica. If
the species are the same the above generic reference will
obtain. A specimen kindly sent by Mr. Schaus from Costa
Rica proves the present reference correct.

Genus MICRORAPE, new.

Proposed for Carama minuta Druce (Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep.
Het., i, 168, 1886), which differs from Norape Walker in the
loss of vein 8 of fore wings. Sole species, Microrape minuta
Druce. Mr. Schaus has presented the National Museum with
a specimen of this species collected by himself in Costa Rica.

Genus REPNOA, new.

Proposed for Carama imparilis Schaus, which differs from
the species of Carama (=Norape) in the short antennae.

Repnoa imparilis Schaus.

Carama imparilis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxix, 334,
1905.

This peculiar species is easily recognized by the dark gray
wings with the veins and fringe white. The abdomen is black
with a yellow tuft at base and tip. Only the single male
type is known to me.

168 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

In this genus may also be placed dimidiata Walker, tha-
natos Schaus, amarga Schaus, and tympania Druce, though
the latter has the antennge a little long. The genus Gois
Dyar, with its single species nigrescens Schaus, will immedi-
ately follow these.

Genus HYSTEROCLADIA Felder.

Hysterocladia Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., 5, 1874.

Hysterocladia corallocera Felder.

Hysterocladia corallocera, Reise Novara, pi. 99, fig. 13, 1874.
Trosia ignicornis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxix, 335,
1905.

I think that ignicornis is the male of corallocera, although
no female specimens are before me. The pure white little
moth with the bright coral-red antennas seems characteristic.

Genus ARCHYLUS Walker.
Archylus Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vii, 1718, 1856.

The type species, guttifascia Walker, is a megalopygid,
and forms a distinct genus. None of the other species referred
here, which I know, are congeneric. Archylus nigrisparsus
Butler is a liparid, genus Caviria. Archylus mexicana Schaus
and A. vesta Schaus are Megalopygidae, but separable gener-
ically. Archylus tener Druce also comes in another genus.

Genus ANARCHYLUS Dyar.

Anarchylus Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 177, 1905.

Anarchylus mexicana, the type species, is the only one of
the genus known at present.

Genus SULYCHRA Butler.

Sulychra Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 64, 1878.
Sulychra Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 333, 1905.

This genus was described in the Ljparidse. The type
species, argentea Butler, has the male silvery white, but the
female pale mouse-gray.

Sulychra vesta Schaus.

Archylus vesta Schaus, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 289, 1892.

Silvery white, with slender body, long testaceous antennae,
the vertex of head yellow. The wings have the impressed,
banded appearance of the species first treated here under
Norape.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 169

Genus TROSIA Hubner.

Trosia Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 196, 1816; type, tricolora

Fabricius.
Sciathos Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., iii, 752, 1855; type,

punctigera Stoll.
Endobrachys Felder, Reise Novara, pi. 83, fig. 17, 1874; type,

revocans Felder.
Isochroma Felder, Reise Novara, pi. 83, fig. 18, 1874; type, fallax

Felder.

The typically marked species of Trosia are very distinct,
with red abdomen and hind wings and row of dots across fore
wings. There are three rather common and widely distributed
species, but their nomenclature is much involved. The larg-
est species-has the fore wings white in the male, overspread
with a gray and rosy shade beyond the cell. The wings are
produced, the inner margin being nearly parallel to the costa.
This is punctigera Stoll. The other two species have the
wings more trigonate and uniformly colored. In one (dtmas
Cramer), the wings are white, in the other (misda Schaus)
they are ocher yellow. Several variations of the type occur,
of which incostata Schaus, without the costal stripe, rosci-
puncta Druce, with the spots red, and albida Dognin, with the
hind wings white, are before me.

The second group of Trosia is composed of a number of
white species such as nigripes Dyar,pitreiis Schaus, and parr a
Schaus, that look like species of Xorape and are probably
closely allied to that genus, but the venation is still too gen-
eralized to allow of their inclusion in that genus.

The third group consists of one species, acca Schaus
(== ribbei Druce), with red body and hind wings, the fore
wings rather thinly scaled, brown, with the veins indicated in
darker color.

The fourth group {Endobrachys Felder) has the wings
much elongated, the coloration of longitudinal shadings.
This is obviously derived from some such form as punctigera
in the first group.

The fifth group comprises habitus Hy. Edwards (== contigua
Walker, according to Druce) and gamelia Druce. These
species are aberrant in the genus, but the presence of a distinct
frenulum excludes them from Megalopvge.

170 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Trosia punctigera Stoll.

Phaleena bombyx punctigera Stoll, Suppl. Cramer's Pap. Exot.,

pi. 34, 1790.
Sciathos punctigera Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., iii, 752,

1855.
Sciathos punctigera Druce, Biol. Cent. -Am., Lep. Het., i, 212,

1887.
Sciathos punctigera Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 540, 1892.

Druce gives Isochroma fallax Felder as a synonyn of this
species, but Felder figures the fore wings and thorax of a blue
gray, too highly colored, but clearly different from punctigera.
Kirby adds Bombyx tricolora as a synonym, but this is the
small white species, as Fabricius plainly describes. Kirby
has, through the similarity of names, confounded punctigera
of Stoll with punctigera of Linnaeus. The latter is "Phal-
aeua Noctua" and has a spiral tongue, evidently of an entirely
different family. Moreover, it is described from the Indies.

Specimens from Brazil, the Guianas, and Central America
are large and fully colored. Those from Mexico are smaller
and have more or less white on the discal area of the hind
wings both above and below. For the latter I propose the
varietal name amala.

Type locality: Cordoba, Mexico.

Type- No. 13547, U. S. National Museum.

Trosia fallax Felder.

Isochroma fallax Felder, Reise Novara, pi. 83, ff. 18, 19, 1874.

In this species there is no white on the fore wings, the rosy
shading covering the surface except for its gray outer margin
and red costa. The gray margin shows plainly on the fore
wings beneath, which are red \\\ punctigera. Mr. Schaus has
sent two males from Costa Rica and I have a female from
Panama. (C. L. Pollard).

Trosia dimas Cramer.

Phalsena bombyx dimas Cramer, Pap. Exot., pi. lix, fig. c, 1775.
Bombyx tricolora Fabricius, Mant. Ins., ii, 114, 1787.
Trosia dimas Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 196, 1816.
Chrysauge dimas Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., ii, 375,

1854.

Idalus dimas Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 198, 1892.
Sciathos dimas Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het., ii, 440, 1897.

There is no doubt that this is the species described by
Fabricius, the type locality being French Guiana. Cramer's

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 171

figure, however, if it is really this insect, is misleading, with
its small, frail body, white thorax and abdomen, without spots.
The locality also, West Indies, is wrong, as all the specimens
that I have seen are from the mainland, from Brazil to Costa
Rica.

Trosia misda Schaus.

Edebessa misda Schaus MS.

In this the fore wings and thorax are pale ocher yellow, the
costa, vertex, thoracic spots, abdomen, and hind wings bright
red. The row of spots across the fore wing is black. The
species has the wing-shape and size of dimas. The female is
colored exactly like the male, but is larger.

The type specimen is from Castro, Parana, Brazil. Others
are from the Guianas, Venezuela, Peru, Costa Rica, and
Mexico. There is local variation in size and in the black dots
on the fore wings. The Guiana specimens are the largest.

Type: No. 12524, U. S. National Museum.

Trosia beggoides, new species.

White, the wings smooth and silky. Costa of fore wing black.
Head strongly tinged with yellow, the thorax and the abdomen less
strongly so. Orbits, palpi, pectus, and all the tarsi black. Expanse,
male 34 mm. ; female 50 mm.

One male, one female, Castro, Parana, Brazil (E. D.
Jones) and Nova Friburgo, Brazil (Schaus collection).
Type: No. 13109, U. S. National Museum.

Trosia euthula, new species.

White, with a faint creamy tint. Pectus and femora smoky black ;
antennae testaceous. Expanse, male 24 mm.; female 30 mm.

Four males, three females, Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T.
Foster).

Type: No. 13110, U. S. National Museum.

A small species, exactly like No) ape bu fieri Baker, but a
little less pure white and different in venation.

Trosia revocans Felder.

Endobrachys revocans Felder, Reise Novara, Lep., pi. Ixxxiii,
fig. 17, 1874.

Kirby strangely places this genus in the Notodontidae. I
have not any specimens of the species, but consider it plainly
a Trosia, allied to pnJchella Schaus.

172 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Trosia jeanette, new species.

Vertex, thorax, and abdomen ocher yellow, disk of thorax dotted
with white, the posterior tuft orange and yellow ; front, pectus, and
legs gray. Wings gray, a yellow ray from base through cell, diffused
to costa subapically. Hind wing yellow at extreme base and along
inner marginal. Expanse 30 mm.

Two males, St. Jean and St. Laurent, Maroni River, French
Guiana (W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13111, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to Trosia arpi Schaus, but the hind wings have much
more of gray, while the thorax posteriorly is more distinctly
marked with red.

Trosia caramia, new species.

Body orange ocher, the abdomen shading to red dorsally; thorax
posteriorly pink. Fore wing gray, overspread with ocherous brown,
shading to red at base; a yellow ray from base to beyond end of cell,
shading to pink beyond towards apex. Hind wing red at base and
along inner margin, the area beyond the cell gray. Antennae and tarsi
black. Expanse 35 mm.

Four males, Rio Huacamaya, Carabaya, Peru (Schaus
collection).

Type: No. 13112, U. S. National Museum.

Genus MESOSCIA Hubner.

Mesoscia Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 194, 1816.

Hubner cites under this genus semois Cramer (recte simois
Stoll, a cochlidian, genus Natada) andpusztla Cramer. Kirby
designates the latter as the type. I have no specimen oipusilla,
but Moschler gives the generic characters, and the species
here recorded seem congeneric.

Mesoscia eriophora Sepp.

Phalsena eriophora Sepp, Surin. Vlind., pi. 21, 1848.

This species cannot be a synonym of pusilla Stoll, as that
has the body and hind wings red. This has these parts white,
shaded with dark gray.

Anguilinia Schaus, lorna Schaus, and terminata Schaus are
congeneric.

Mesoscia mirabilis Schaus.

Trosia mirabilis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxix, 335,
1905.

It seems necessary to remove this species to Mesoscia,
although with its red antennas it looks like a Hysterocladia.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1901. 173

The costal edge is black. This must be near Carama bella
Druce, unknown to me except by the description, but the vertex
of the head is red in the present species.

Genus EDEBESSA Walker.
Edebessa Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vii, 1755, 1856;

type purens Walker.
Alimera Moschler, Verb. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., xxxii, 340, 1883;

type bicolor Moschler.

Edebessa bicolor Moschler.

Alimera bicolor Moschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wein., xxxii,

340, 1883.

This species is not before me, but it is obviously very closely
allied to Edebessa languciata Schaus, of which I possess the
female type.

Genus RAMACA, new.

Proposed for Mesoscia pa scorn Schaus (Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc., viii, 229, 1900) which differs from Mesoscia in having
veins 4-5 of fore wing and 3-4 of hind wing connate. The
antennae are long. Ramaca pascora Schaus, type species.

Ramaca achriogelos, new species. j (>]

White; disk of thorax blackish. Fore wing with broad costal edge
brown-black, outer and inner margins and fringe except at apex of
same color, the inner border with a branch reaching up to cell at ori-
gin of vein 2. Expanse 29 mm.

One male, Southern Arizona (E. J. Oslar) .

Type: No. 13113, U. S. National Museum.

Very like Norape tenet' Druce, but differing in venation.

Genus MALMIS, new.

Proposed for Megalopyge field/ a Schaus (Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc.. iv, 58, 1896), which differs from Megalopyge in having
the frenulum well developed. The antennae are long. Mai-
mis fieldia Schaus, sole species.

Genus BEDALIA, new.

Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 separate; hind wing with
veins 3 and 4 connate; 6 and 7 remote; 8 anastomosing with
the cell shortly near base; antennae long.

Bedalia corops, new species.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, tufts at bases of antennae
white; antennae with the shaft white, the pectinations pale testaceous;

174 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

legs brown, the long hairs on fore femora and tibiae white. Wings
light brown, the fore wings woolly toward the base; costa shaded
with white to across the cell and an outer straight white line across
wing; veins narrowly dark; two dark-brown spots at extreme base of
wing. Hind wings without marks. Expanse 30 mm.

Two males, Castro, Parana, Brazil (Schaus collection).
Type: No. 13114, U. S. National Museum.
These specimens have been determined as the males of
Megalopyge vipera Schaus, but incorrectly so.

Genus PODALIA Walker.
Podalia Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vii, 1714, 1856; type,

vesta Walker.
Gerontia Schaus, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxx, 139, 1904; type,

omayena Schaus.
Thoscora Schaus, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., xxx, 140, 1904; type

brugea Schaus.

The genus divides into two sections, those with white,
spotted wings (typical) and those with brown wings and
yellow abdomen {Gerontia). The peculiar venation of Thos-
Schaus is not constant.

Podalia orsilochus Cramer.

Bombyx orsilochus Cramer, Pap. Exot., pi. xli, fig. D, 1775.
Podalia vesta Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vii, 1714, 1856.
Podalia dorsimacula Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vii,

1717, 1856.
Megalopyge orsilochus Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 845, 1892.

The true orsilochus, from the Guianas, has black hind
wings in the male. The southern race, vesta Walker, has
a submarginal white band of sagittate spots.

Podalia major Schaus.

Podalia major Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxix, 338, 1905.

Very close to orsilochus and perhaps a race of it, yet the
hind wings are entirely white, except for the area on the inner
margin below the cell, while the markings of the fore wings
are smoky gray. The markings, however, are identical with
those of orsilochus.

Podalia albescens Schaus.

Megalopyge albescens Schaus, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., viii, 229,
1900.

This is clearly a derivative of orsilochus, but distinct, the
wings being less produced and the antennae testaceous instead
of black, besides the differences in coloration of the wings.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 175

Podalia darca, new species.

Dark brown, the wings rather thinly scaled. Abdomen with dark
yellow hair above, but the segments banded with blackish; abdomen
below, legs, pectus, and front of head yellow. Expanse, male 35 mm.,
female 55 mm.

Three males, one female, Maroni River, French Guiana
(W. Schaus).

Type: No. 13115, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to Podalia brngea Schaus, but of a darker brown,
the abdomen less clear yellow.

Podalia megalodia, new species.

Thorax dark brown intermixed with pinkish, the vertex of the head
pinkish. Abdomen pale brown with dark segmental rings. Fore wing
dark brown streaked with whitish on costa and in cell, denning two
dark -brown rays and a spot at the end of the cell; the whitish streak-
ing predominates beyond the cell and defines an outer row of elliptical
spots between the veins, the two lower of which are sagittate, being
incised in the basal side by whitish loops, veins terminally and mar-
ginal spottings faintly pale. Hind wings dark brown, a little paler
between the veins outwardly. Expanse 85 mm.

Four males, Rio Janeiro and Petropolis, Brazil (Schaus
collection).

Type: No. 13116, U. S. National Museum.

I have not found any description of this large and conspicu-
ous insect. The freiiultim is partly degenerated, though
there is still a small costal loop, while the thorax is not as
prominent before the wings as in typical Podalia. The
species is therefore transitional toward Megalopyge. The
pattern of coloration, while similar to that of orsiloc/ms, has
considerably departed from it and suggests that of the
alb i colli s group of Megalopyge.

Genus MEGALOPYGE Hubner.
Megalopyge Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 185, 1816; type,

lanifera Hiibn. (lanata Stoll) .
Gasina Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., vi, 1478, 1855; type,

albicollis Walker.
Alpis Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., v, 1094, 1855; type,

defoliata Walker.
Chrysopyga Herrich-Schaeffer, Ausser. Schmett. ,6, 1855; type,

undulata Herr.-Sch.
Ochrosoma Herrich-Schaeffer, Ausser. Schmett., 7, 1855; type,

apicalis Herr.-Sch.
Zebonda Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., xxxii, 498, 1865;

type, basigutta Walker.

This genus contains a large number of species, some of
which I have discussed in separate articles.

176 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Genus VESCOA, new.

Legs rather slender, the tibiae without spurs; palpi very short, not
reaching the front; tongue obsolete; antennae short, with long bipec-
tinations in the male, reaching to the tip; eyes large, globose; body
parts moderate, the abdomen very short. Wings rounded, trigonate;
fore wing with vein Ic present, straight, continuous ; 2 to 5 well
separated; 3 to 5 evenly spaced, the cross-vein of the cell angularly
reentrant, the discal vein touching the point and not forked; 6 from
much below the angle of the cell; 7 and 8 long-stalked; 9 near the
base of the stalk; 10 absent; 11 from the outer fourth of the cell,
anastomosing with 12, the cell long; hind wing with veins 3 to 5 evenly
spaced; cell with a reentrant cross-vein as on fore wing; 6 from much
below angle of cell; 8 anastomosing with the cell to very near the
apex; frenulum of the male distinct, with a narrow costal loop on fore
wing.

Vescoa ma, new species.

Head and thorax white, abdomen gray. Fore wing dark gray, all
the veins, the fringe, and inner margin narrowly white. Hind wing
white with gray streaks between the veins outwardly. Expanse
15 mm.

One male, Iquitos, Peru, July 17, 1906 (B. A. Griggs).

Type: No. 13127, U. S. National Museum.

This peculiar dwarf species is remarkably small for a
megalopygid, looking rather like acochlidiid. The venation,
however, refers it clearly to the former family. The only
other small and degenerate genus in the family is Cyclara
Schaus, which is not so small as this and apparently derived
from Megalopyge, whereas Vescoa is allied to Norape and the
other white forms.

A CORRECTION

For Psen (Mimesa} eiythopoda on page 102 of the June
number of the Proceedings read Psen {Mimesa) erythropoda.

OP WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 177

NOTES ON THE GEOMETRID GYPSOCHROA SHELL AT A

GUEN.
BY H. M. RUSSELL.

In Bade City, Florida, there was, in the fall of 1907, a
small strip of uncleared land where Amarantlius, poke-weed,
Spanish mulberry, etc., grew in abundance. On the poke-
weed the larvae of Gypsochroa sitellata Guen. fed in noticeable
numbers.

On November 29, 1907, the writer again found these larvae
abundant on poke-weed at Orlando, Florida, almost every
plant having a few. The eggs were also abundant, and small
plants a foot high bore 9, 10, and 11, while on the older plants
there were many more.

The notes which follow were made while working under
the direction of Dr. F. H. Chittenden, Bureau of Entomology,
United States Department of Agriculture.

Since submitting this paper for publication Dr. H. G. Dyar
has called attention to the fact that he has described the egg
and stages I to IV, and given notes on the food-plant Pisonia
aculc.ata* In the publication cited the species is treated un-
der the name of Gypsochroa hcesitata Guen., the larvae having
been taken at Palm Beach and Key West, Florida.

The eggs are generally laid on the underside of the leaf,
but in some cases are placed low down on the stem. They are
commonly laid singly, but sometimes two or three occur in
clusters. Besides being glued to the leaf, they have a thread
of silk to which they hang if dislodged. Eggs gathered on
December 3 hatched on the 8th or 9th of the month. As
these eggs when collected had a bright yellow color, they could
not have been laid very long.

The egg is light orange color or a light whitish-j^ellow at
first. Gradually the yellow fades, 'and as the embryo develops
it becomes visible through the thin shell, making the egg
darker in color, so that it is light brown. The egg is ovate-
spheroid in shape, with a greatest diameter of 0.5 mm., and
is placed on one side. The surface with 24 X lens appears
dull, with faint reticulation. The larva escapes through a
hole at the anterior pole.

December 3, 1907, the larvae were very abundant every-
where on poke-weed. The moth seems to pick out the young-
est plants to lay her eggs. The larvae start with the tender bud
at the top and strip the plant toward the base, leaving only the

*Psyche, vol. ix, pp. 59-60, May, 1900.

178 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

larger veins. The younger larvae eat only from the under-
side, leaving the upper epidermal layer. On three plants
selected at random there were 31, 37, and 35 feeding, and no
plant was over 2 feet in height. Some larvae are dark; these
remain during the day at the base of the plants and their
color blends with the sand. Others are reddish brown; these
hang from the ribs of eaten leaves. Still others are greenish,
and hide on the underside of the leaves. L,arvae feed mostly
at night.

The pupa is 13 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at posterior end of
wing-pads. These latter extend to within 4 mm. of caudal
end. The cremaster is 0.66 mm. long, with two long hooks
which are equal to one-half the length of cremaster; it reminds
one of a two-tined fork. The pupa when first formed is red-
dish brown, with wing-pads bluish black; edges of abdominal
segments, where they flex over one another, orange. One
pupa is shining black. Head narrower than body, rounded
off on ventral side; near the apex is a fine circular depression
that makes a small round boss 0.5 mm. in diameter. Mid-
dorsal raised line on thorax, which is finely transversely rugose
in center and with rugose lines at side running with length of
body. Segments of abdomen finely punctate.

The larvae pupated December 10-13. These were naked as
far as could be seen. One pupated December 15. This spun
a minute amount of silk and made a very thin cocoon on side
of box.

December 3, 1907, arsenate of lead (5 pounds to 50 gallons
of water) was sprayed on a few plants of poke-weed while
spraying for the cabbage looper {Autographa brassiccr Riley).
It was applied to the upper side principally. December 5 a
few dead larvae were found. December 7 a large number of
dead larvae were found on the ground under the plants, while
a number were carried off by ants.

This experiment indicates that if this species should ever
become of economic importance it can be easily controlled by
spraying with an arsenical poison.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 179

SOME SYNONYMY AND OTHER NOTES ON APHIDIINJE.

BY A. B. GAHAN.

[Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory <>1 thr Maryland Agricultural

Experiment Station.]

The writer has had the pleasure, through the kindness of
Mr. J. C. Crawford and Mr. H. L. Viereck, of examining all
the types of Aphidiiuae in the United States National Museum,
and through the courtesy of Rev. V. A. Huard, of the
Museum of Public Instruction, Quebec, also obtained the loan
of the Provancher types in that group. The study of these
types in conjunction with several large series of reared speci-
mens representing a number of different species and genera has
developed a few facts which it is hoped will help to straighten
out the difficulties in the classification of this important group
of parasites. It is for the purpose of calling attention to these
facts and to record some notes on the host relations of several
species, the hosts of which have been heretofore unknown,
that this paper is published. Incidentally, it will record also
the occurrence of four European species not hitherto credited
to our fauna.

Most workers in this group have depended too largely upon
minute variations in color and the mistaken idea that the
number of antennal joints is always the same for the same sex of
any g-iven species. Dr. Ashmead, who described the majority
of the American species, gives some tables of species (Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888), in which he depends very largely
upon differences in the number of antennal joints to distin-
guish species. More recent writers have proven that in the
genus Lysiphlebust at least, there is considerable variation in
this respect. In rearings of large series of specimens repre-
senting the genera Aphidins, Lysiphlebus, and Diceretus the
writer has invariably found individuals more or less numerous
and representing both sexes, the number of whose antennal
joints was at variance with that given by Ashmead for the
species. After a careful study of several such series, supple-
mented by some breeding experiments from known parents
(mentioned in another connection farther on) it became ap-
parent that in the three genera mentioned we may expect to
find variation to the extent of two joints and usually three
joints for each sex in every species. Only rarely is a greater
variation found. The males, so far as is known, invariably
have more joints than the females, the number varying from
one to four. In no species have I found a difference of more
than five joints between the females having the greatest and
the males having the greatest number of joints.

180 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

The color also varies considerably, although the color-pattern
is fairly constant, the variation being one of intensity in shade
rather than otherwise.

Diaeretus rapae Curtis.

Aphidius rapse Curtis, Macintosh, Book of the Garden, n, 1855,

p. 194.

Trioxys piceus Cresson, U. S. Dept. Agric. Report, 1879, p. 260.
Lipolexis piceus (Gresson) Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1888, p. 671.

Aphidius brassicse Marshall, Spec. Hymen. Europe, 1891, p. 597.
Aphidius rapse (Curtis) Marshall, Spec. Hymen. Europe, 1891,

p. 615.

Aphidius brassicse, Marshall, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1897, p. 63.
Aphidius rapse (Curtis) Marshall, Trans. Ent. Soc. London,

1897 p. 71.

Preliminary to a discussion of the synonymy, it seems appro-
priate to give here some observations on this species made by
the writer. It was exceedingly abundant in Maryland the
past season, affording excellent opportunity for study. On
May 8 several cabbage plants that were covered with lice
(Aphis brassier} were brought by a truck grower to the
experiment station and examination showed that the great
majority of the lice were already parasitized. Three of the
plants were placed in a cage and within the next week over
1,500 parasites emerged. A careful count of the antennal
joints of 328 of these specimens resulted as follows:

13-jointed antennse 6 females.

14-jointed antennae 169 females.

15-jointed antennas 21 females.

16-jointed antennas 22 males.

17-jointed antennas 108 males.

18-jointed antennas 2 males.

The species have been credited by Ashmead with 14-joiuted
antennae in the female and 17-jointed in the male, and nothing
is mentioned about any variation, although Cresson in his
description gave the female antennse as 13-jointed. In order
to ascertain whether but one species was represented, a
female having 14-jointed antennse was placed, June 5, on a
louse-infested plant known to be free of parasites. She
began ovipositing at once and June 20-21 twelve specimens,
all of which were males, were taken from the cage. This
female was not known to have been fertilized, and since
parthenogenesis is known to exist in Lysiphlebus tritici, the

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, bill). 181

fact that all the progeny in this case were males at least sug-
gests the same mode of reproduction in this species. In other
experiments in which females with 14-jointed antenna? were
used both males and females were represented in the progeny.
Among the specimens thus reared from females having 14-
jointed antennae were found male specimens having 16- and
others having 17-jointed antennas; also females having 14 and
others with 15 joints. One male specimen had apparently
only 15 joints and one female apparently but 13 joints, the
last joint of the antenna? in each case being very indistinctly
divided. No males with 18 joints were reared, but as the
number of reared specimens was not large, it does not prove
that the individuals having that number in the original lot of
328 were wrongly considered as belonging to this species. A
larger series would no doubt contain such individuals.

Curtis, in 1855, described and figured a European parasite
of Aphi* hrassicce under the name of 7'riouvx rapce ^ but
afterwards placed it in the genus Aphidins. In a somewhat
meager description, apparently of a female (his figure rep-
resents that sex) he stated that the antennas were 14-jointed.
Rev. T. A. Marshall described Aphid ins brassicce from the
same host in 1891. Rev. Marshall had seen, in addition to
Curtis's figure, a single specimen purporting to represent
Curtis's species, and which he stated was a female, in which
the antennas were 16 jointed, and he was therefore doubtful
of the identity of that species. He stated that the specimens
of A. rupee Curt, with 14-joiuted antennas were probably the
same as his own .4. brassiap, but would venture no opinion
regarding the specimen he had with 16-jointed antennae. In
the mean time, Mr. E. T. Cresson had described an American
parasite of Aphis hra^sicce, calling it Trioxvs piceus. Dr.
Ashmead received several specimens named J^rioxvs rapce
Curt, from Mr. E. A. Fitch, of England, and determined them
as identical with Cresson's species, but as he was in some
doubt as to the true generic position of Curtis's species he was
doubtful whether these specimens were correctly named.

The writer recently sent specimens of the American para-
site to M^ Claude C. Morley, of the British National Museum,
for comparison with Marshall's types. Mr. Morley writes
that they are "without doubt" the same as the types of A.
brassiccp. Unfortunately the types of .-1. rapcr are in Aus-
tralia and therefore not available for comparison. However,
it is established that Trioxvs piceits Cresson and Aphid/i/s
brassicce Marshall are synonymous. Curtis's description of
A. rapce agrees with both these species, and Marshall believed
his species and the individuals of A. rapce with 14-jointed

182 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

antennae the same, but was confused by a specimen of doubt-
ful authenticity having 16-jointed antennae. The generic posi-
tion of A. rupee, is shown to be the same as that of A. brassicce
and T. picens, so that there seems to be no reason to doubt
that the description by Curtis is of the same species as those
by Cresson and Marshall.

Cresson placed this species in the genus Trioxys Hal.,
Ashmead in the genus Lipolexis Foerst., and Marshall called
it an Aphidins Nees. In the opinion of the writer it belongs
in the genus Diceretus Foerst. It lacks the horns on the tip
of the abdomen typical of Trioxys and possesses a very dis-
tinct second discoidal cell, a character absent in Lipolexis ^
but present in Durrctns, according to the best interpretation
of Foerster's table of genera. Marshall did not recognize any
of the Foersterian genera, grouping them all under Aphidins.
The species should therefore be known as Di&rctus rapcc
Curt.

Diseretus salicaphis Fitch.

Trioxys salicaphis Fitch, 1st and 2nd Kept. Ins. N. Y., 1856,

p. 137.
Lipolexis salicaphidis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888,

p. 671.

Trioxys salicaphis, Fitch was described from New York and
Lipolexis salicaphidis Ashm. from California. Ashmead
states in his description of salicaphidis that this species can
not be the Trioxys salicaphis Fitch on account of the number
of autennal joints. Fortunately the types of both species are
available for comparison. Fitch gave the number of antenual
joints for his species as 13 without specifying the sex.

Ashmead described the female of his species as having 15-
jointed and the male as having 16-jointed antenna?. Among
Ashmead's types are males with 15-jointed and 16-jointed and
one female with 13-joiuted antennae. I could find no females
with 15-jointed antennae, and am forced to conclude that Dr.
Ashmead mistook a male for a female. In every other respect
the types of Fitch and Ashmead are alike and I believe repre-
sent the same species.

With this species, as with Diceretiis rapt?, the second
discoidal cell is present and complete, placing it in the genus
Di&retus Foerst. instead oiLipo/cxis Foerst. as Dr. Ashmead
placed it. The parasite of the grape aphis which Dr. Ashmead
determined as Lysiphlebus salicaphis Fitch (Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1888, page 669) is possibly an undescribed species of
Lysiphlebus.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 11)10. 183

Trioxys ovalis Provancher.

Neuropenes ovalis Provancher, Add. Faun. Canad. Hym., 1886,

p. 153.

Ashraead has already indicated (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1901, p. 179) that Neuropenes Prov. is a synonym of Trioxys
Hal. A study of the types of Neuropenes ovalis upon which
Provancher founded the genus confirms Ashmead's statement.
The wing venation corresponds to Trioxys, and a female type
which is in poor condition has apparently the two horns on
the tip of the abdomen characteristic of Trioxys.

Trioxys aceris Haliday.

Trioxys aceris Haliday, Entom. Magaz., I, 1833, p. 490.
This species was described by Haliday from an aphis infest-
ing Acerpseudoplatanus. During the past spring the maples,
especially Acer platanoides, about College Park were over-
run with aphids which were authoritatively identified as
Chaitophorus aceris Linn., a species indigenous to Europe.
The aphids were remarkably free from parasites of any kind
and it was only after considerable search that a few trees were
found on the campus of the Maryland Agricultural College
which bore the swollen and shining bodies of aphids attached
to the leaves, marking them as the residing place of some
pupating aphidiine. Probably a hundred of these dead aphids
were collected, but for some unknown reason only one specimen
of the parasite was reared. This was a female unmistakably
belonging in the genus Trioxvs, and after comparing it with
Haliday 's original description as well as T. A. Marshall's
redescription of Trioxys aceris, I am convinced that it is of
that species. This rearing is chiefly interesting because it is
the first instance, to my knowledge, of the occurrence of the
species in America.

Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson.

Trioxys testaceipes Cresson, Kept. U. S. Dept. Agri., 1879, p. 208.
Aphidius citraphis Ashmead, Orange Insects, 1880, p. 71.
Aphidaria basilaris Provancher, Add. Faune Canad. Hymen.,

1888, p. 396.
Lysiphlebus piceiventris Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888,

p. 604.
Lysiphlebus eragrostaphidis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1888, p. 665.
Lysiphlebus coquilletii Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p.

665.
Lysiphlebus abntilaphidis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1888, p. 667.
Lysiphlebus baccarhaphidis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1888, p. 668.

184 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

This species was described by Cresson in 1879 as parasitic
upon the cotton aphis, the wheat aphis, and the orange aphis.
In 1880 Dr. Ashmead described a species of aphid infesting
the orange, giving it the name Siphonophora citrifolii, and at
the same time described its aphidiine parasite as Aphidius
citraphis. In 1888 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.) he referred Cres-
sou's Trioxys testaceipes and his own A. citraphis to the genus
Lysiphlebus, where they belong, but in doing so stated that
Cresson had "confused three different species having a su-
perficial resemblance reared from the cotton aphis, wheat
aphis, and orange aphis,1' and that he (Ashmead) retained
the name citraphis, for the species reared from the orange
aphis, Cresson 's name testaceipes for the one reared from the
cotton aphis, and gave the name tntici to the parasite of the
wheat aphis. In the same article he described, among others,
five additional species of Lysiphlebus, viz, L. abutilaphidis,
L. eragrostap/iidis, L. piceiventris, L. coquilleUii, and L.
b'accarhaphidis . Mr. Coquillett, who had furnished most of
the material from which these five species were described in
Insect Life (vol. in, p. 313) proved that they were all the same
species, and further, that they were probably synonmous
with Lysiphlebus citraphis Ashm., and that the Aphidana
basilaris of Provancher was also a synonym of that species.
As the matter then stood, L. testaceipes Cress., reared from
the cotton aphis (Aphis gossypit}, and L. citraphis Ashm.,
reared from the orange aphis (Siphonophora citrifolii}, were
recognized as good species. But in 1895 (Insect Life, vii, p.
307) Mr. Pergande declared Siphon ophora citrifolii a synonym
of Aphis gossypii, thus making the two species of Lysiphlebus
parasitic upon the same plant-louse.

The writer in 1908 found a colony of aphids infesting Althea
in a greenhouse at College Park and sent some of them to
Mr. Pergande, who pronounced them Aphis gossypii. From
this lot of aphids were reared a number of specimens of
Lysiphlebus. Among these specimens appeared considerable
variation, not only in colorational detail, but in the number of
antennal joints and appearance of the metathorax. Some
specimens answered exactly the description of L. testaceipes
Cress., while others answered fully as well Ashmead 's descrip-
tion of L. citraphis. At the same time practically all the char-
acters represented by the five species suppressed by Coquillett
were represented by individual specimens. One specimen was
found which runs directly in Ashmead's table of species to L.
minutus, which he included in the table but did not further
characterize.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lulu. 185

Since this lot of material was all reared from the same
colony of Aphis gossypii inhabiting a greenhouse where there
would seem to be less likelihood of two species occurring coinci-
dentally than in the open, and since in it were individuals
representing exactly the descriptions of the two species L.
testaceipes and L. cilraphis, the suspicion arose that possibly
the two were the same. An examination of the types convinced
me that the suspicion was well founded and that the two
species were incorrectly separated. The opportunity was
taken to examine the types of the species suppressed by
Coquillett and no reason could be found to doubt the correct-
ness of his conclusion. Therefore L. dtraphis with its syno-
nyms should in my opinion become synonyms of L. testaceipes.

Lysiphlebus persicaphidis Ashmead.

Lysiphlebus persicaphidis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888,

p. 668.
Aphidius persiaphis Cook, Bui. 73, Mich. Agri. Col., 1891, p. 12.

This species was first described by Dr. Ashmead from Cali-
fornia, where it was parasitic upon an aphis infesting peach.
Prof. A. J. Cook three years later described a parasite of
J/i^y/5 persiccp from Michigan. Prof. R. H. Pettit, of the
Michigan Agricultural College, at my request very kindly sent
a type specimen of Aphidius persiaphis Cook for study.
Comparison of this specimen, which unfortunately arrived in
a somewhat damaged condition, with the types and description
of L. persicaphidis failed to disclose any difference between
the two species. Aphid ins persiaphis Cook should, in the
opinion of the writer, be considered a synonym of Lysiphlebus
persicaphidis Ashm.

Praon simulans Provancher.

Aphidaria simulans Provancher, Add. Faune Can. Hym., 1886,

p. 153.
Praon simulans Provancher, Add. Faune Can. Hym., 1886, p. 395.

Five specimens of this species, one male and four females,
were reared from Aphis rndbcckuc Fitch on Solidago at
College Park, Maryland, in July, 1909. The male antennae
are 22-joiuted and the female 19-jointed in these specimens
Provancher does not mention the number of antennal joints in
his description. My specimens are slightly darker than the
Provancher types, but otherwise identical.

186 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Praon americanus Ashmead.

Diseretus americanus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. 1888.
p. 670.

Diseretus websteri Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 670.

Diseretus brunneiventris Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888,
p. 671.

In the National Museum are four specimens collected at
L,afayette, Indiana, by Prof. F. M. Webster, from which Dr.
Ashmead described three species, Diiereliis anicricunns, D.
websteri, and D, lu iinneiventris. The wing venation of all
four types coincides exactly with the description of the genus
Praon Hal. They run directly in Dr. Ashmead's own table
of genera to that genus and cannot, by the same table or by
any other known to the writer, be traced to Diceretits. The
cubital vein is distinctly present, separating the first cubital
and first discoidal cells ; the transverse cubital nervures are
absent; there is a complete median cell in the posterior wing;
the prothorax is tomentose and gibbous, the parapsidal furrows
distinct; the metathorax is smooth. These characters plainly
place Ashmead' s specimens in the genus Praon. Furthermore,
after a careful comparison of the types of the three species, I
am convinced that all are the same species. The antennae of
the two types of americanus (both males) are 18-jointed,
while the types of the other two supposed species (also males)
have antennae with 19 joints. The color-pattern for all four
specimens is alike, with only a slight variation in intensity of
coloring which one will find in any series of specimens. One
character is common to all four specimens which I have seen
in but one other Praon, and that is that the recurrent nervure
is almost entirely effaced, leaving the first discoidal cell open
or incomplete. Taking into consideration the total absence
of any good character upon which they may be separated, the
presence in common of the unusual venational character men-
tioned, and the fact that all the specimens are from the same
locality, there seems to be no good reason for not considering
them as all belonging to the same species. Since the descrip-
tion of americanus has the page preference that name is re-
tained for the species. It is not improbable that the species is
really a synonym of Praon simitlans Prov.

Aphidius ribis Haliday.

Aphidius ribis Haliday, Entom. Magaz., II, 1834, p. 101.
Aphidius ribis Ashmead, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., rv, 1901, p. 167.

This species was first described by Haliday in 1834, he hav-
ing reared it in England from Myzns ribis, the currant aphis.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 187

Myzus ribis is now known to be common to both Europe and
America. In 1901, Dr. Ashmead described a parasite of the
currant aphis reared by Dr. Dimrnock, of Cambridge, Massa-
chusetts, and gave to it the name of Aphidius ribis, having
evidently overlooked Haliday's preemption of the name.

The writer reared several hundred specimens of Aphidius
from the currant aphis and readily identified them as iden-
tical with Ashmead's types. Upon comparison with the de-
scription by Haliday they were found to fit that description
perfectly. In order that there should be no mistake, however,
specimens were sent to Mr. Morley, who kindly compared
them with Haliday's types, and he pronounced them identical
with that species. The species should therefore be known as
Aphidius ribis Hal.

Aphidius rosae Haliday.

Aphidius rosx Haliday, Entom. Magaz., I, 1883, p. 261.
Aphidius rosae (Hal.) Marshall, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1899,
p. 43.

Eighteen specimens of Aphidius were reared from the com-
mon aphis of the garden rose {Macrosiphum rosce). They
agreed very closely with the description of A. rosa Hal., a
parasite of an aphis infesting roses in Europe. Haliday's
species is credited by Marshall with 17 and 18 jointed anten-
nas in the female and 20-jointedin the male, while these speci-
mens showed females with 18 and 19 and males with 20, 21,
and 22 jointed antennae. Haliday's species is described as
having the abdomen of the females with segments 2 and 3
and sometimes 4 and 5 dusky on each side in the form of
interrupted bands or with two rows of spots which are variable
in intensity. The males are described as having the abdomen
brown. In my specimens the female abdomens vary from uni-
formly dark brown, except the petiole, to light brown on the
sides, with a yellowish streak down the middle. The males
have the abdomens brown, as described by Haliday. Consid-
ering the fact that the rose aphis is common to both continents
and the close resemblance of my specimens to the description
of Haliday's species, I had little hesitation in believing that
they were the same species, but sent specimens to Mr. Morley
for comparison with the types. As in the case of . \phidins
ribis Hal., he confirms the determination. The metathorax
of this species is distinctly carinate, a fact not mentioned by
either Haliday or Marshall.

188 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Aphidius phorodontis Ashmead.

Aphidius phorodontis Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p.
662.

A number of specimens of this species were reared from an
unidentified aphis infesting the leaves of the common garden
hollyhock at Hyattsville, Maryland.

Aphidius nigrovarius Provancher.

Aphidius nigrovarius Provancher, Add. Faune Can. Hym., 1888,
p. 396.

This is a handsome and well-marked species. A number of
specimens of the species are in the United States National
Museum, reared from Lachnns sp. from California, from
whence came the original type.

Aphidius nigripes Ashmead.

Aphidius nigripes Ashmead, Bui. 47, N. Y. State Mus., 1901, p.

588.

This species was very numerous in the wheat fields of the
Maryland Experiment Station in May, 1909, when many speci-
mens were collected by sweeping with a net. Aphides, the spe-
cies of which was not determined at the time, were quite com-
mon on the wheat. March 21, 1910, two specimens and March
30 about forty specimens were secured by sweeping in a rye
field on the same farm. No aphides could be found in the field
on this date. A few days later, however, aphides made
their appearance on wheat, rye, and oats, and by May 15 they
were quite numerous on all three grains. Specimens of the
louse were identified by Mr. Pergaude as Macrosiphum gran-
aria Buckton. The parasites had also increased and were very
abundant on the above date. A large number of parasitized
lice were collected in the field and many specimens of the
parasite reared.

The females of this species, which were unknown to Dr.
Ashmead, have 16 or 17 joints in the antenna? and are almost
wholly black and shining like the males. The male antennae
may have 18, 19. 20, or 21 joints, the normal number being 19
as given by Ashmead.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 189

Ephedrus incompletus Provancher.

Ephedrus incompletus Provancher, Add. Faune Canad. Hym.,

1886, p. 157.
Scotioneurus dives Provancher, Add. Faune Canad. Hym., 1886,

p. 157.
Scotioneurus dives Provancher, Add. Faune Canad. Hym., 1888,

p.

Rev. Huard informs me that the types of the species have
been destroyed. Numerous specimens answering in every
way the description of the species were reared by the writer at
College Park, Maryland, from the rose aphis (Macros/p/iiint
roses L.,) and two specimens also from the cherry aphis,
(Myzus cerasi Fitch. )

An examination of the type of Ephedrus completiis Prov.
revealed the fact that it did not belong in the Aphidiinae at all,
but belonged in the genus Hormins Nees, and Mr. Viereck,
to whom the type was shown, recognized it at once as the
species described by Ashniead under the name Hoiinius ery-
thr oo aster. Since the Provancher description antedates that
of Ashmead the species will have to be known as Honniits
completiis Prov. , although that name is distinctly inappropriate.

The conclusions set forth in this paper have been arrived at
only after careful comparison and study of type or homotype
material. It is the writer's belief that further examination of
large series of reared specimens so as to learn more about the
range of variation in the different species will result in the
recognizing of a number of other cases of synonymy, and it is
planned to continue the study in the hope of ultimately arriving
at a better understanding of the group.

Grateful acknowledgment is hereby extended to Mr. J. C.
Crawford and Mr. H. L. Viereck for the opportunity to study
the types in the United States National Museum, as well as for
other courtesies; to the Rev. V. A. Huard and Prof. R. H.
Pettit for the loan of types; and to Mr. Claude C. Morley for
his kindness in comparing specimens with the Marshall and
Haliday types in the British National Museum.

190 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

TWO NEW SPECIES OF GRAPTOLITHA.

[Lepidoptera; Noctuidae.]
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.

Graptolitha vivida, new species.

Ground-color of fore wings whitish gray, the white shading spread-
ing throughout the wing, being especially visible in the basal sp^ace, in
the stigmata, and beyond the outer line; shaded and powdered with
black. Basal dash black, bent upwards nearly to costa, with a black
shading below to the inner margin; lines faint, double, waved; clavi-
form appearing as an undulation of the inner line; orbicular oblique,
nearly rectangular, whitish, black -outlined and with a central brown
line; a black shade in the cell, with a line subcostally and on median
vein joining the stigmata; reniform large, pale filled, with a central
dark cloud and bent line, a little orange tint in the bottom; a subter-
minal row of dashes; median line narrow, waved, bent on median vein.
Hind wing blackish brown. Expanse 37 mm.

Two males, Wellington, British Columbia, dated April 2,
1903 (G. W. Taylor), and April 25, 1903 (T. Bryant).

The first specimen is the brighter, the second being much
shaded with blackish, obscuring the white of the terminal
space.
L Type: No. 13417, U. S. .National Museum.

The species is allied to tepida Grt., and baileyi Grt., but
more brightly and contrastingly marked than either.

Graptolitha pruena, new species.

Color of the fore wings and thorax glaucous gray. Lines double,
dusky, not contrasted ; basal dash bent up at its end toward costa;
orbicular reniform in shape, similar to the reniform, narrowly black
outlined, the two with a black shade between; claviform showing only
at its tip; a median shade line; all the lines form dark dashes on the
costa; base of the costa whitish; terminal line a row of dots; subter-
minal line flexuous, submaculate. Hind wing grayish brown. Ex-
panse 40 mm.

One male, Calhoun County, Texas (J. D. Mitchell).

Type: No. 13418, U. S. National Museum.

Allied to z'in'tlipallens Grt., qnerqucra Grt., and nigrescent
Kngel, the green tint somewhat less distinct than in these, of
a more steely bluish cast. The species is easily recognized by
the costal protuberance of the male, which is larger than in
the other species and has its greatest width opposite the base
of the reniform instead of beyond it as in the others mentioned.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 11)10. 191

NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOGLOSSUS FROM NORTH AMERICA.

[Hemiptera; Coreidae.J
(Plates VII and VIII.)
BY OTTO HEIDEMANN.

Leptoglossus might be called a cosmopolitan genus. Species
have been found in all the faunal regions. But the real home
of the genus is evidently tropical America, from whence
species have spread to North America and to other countries.
The majority of species is recorded from the Western Hemi-
sphere, being mostly found in South and Central America. The
genus comprises about thirty-six species, of which no more
than three occur in the Old World. From North America
comparatively few species have hitherto been known, as Lep-
toglossus phyllopus Linn., L. oppositus Say, L. corridas Say,
L. zoiiatus Ball., and L. ushmeadi Heidem., the latter one
recently described from Florida.

Two other neotropical species ma}' be recorded now,
Leptoglossus gonctger Fabr. , found in Southern Florida, and
Leptoglossus stigma var. minor Dall., which occurs also in
New Mexico and Arizona and Southern California.

In addition to this the writer is fortunate to contribute some
new species of the genus Leptog/ossns to the North American
fauna, described from material of the U. S. National Museum
and from specimens of his own collection.

Leptoglossus magnolias, new species.

Body oblong, elongate-oval, clothed with golden pubescence, more
densely on the anterior part of the thorax; color, a rich dark brown,
the underside paler. Head about one-fifth shorter than the thorax,
gradually narrowing towards tip and extending nearly to half the length
of the first antennal joint. The postocular portion of head shows a
short, longitudinal, ochraceous line behind the inner margin of the
eyes, and in fresh specimens a V-shaped black mark is visible that
connects the two ocelli; tylus much compressed at the sides, a little
longer than the lateral lobes. Rostrum yellowish-brown, tip blackish;
the length of the rostrum varies in both sexes; in some specimens it
extends to the third, fourth, or even to the fifth segment of abdomen;
first joint reaches the base of head and is equal in length to the second,
third short, and fourth the longest. Antennse as long as the body
measured from the base of scutellum to the tip of membrane; the first
three antennal joints reddish brown, the last one pale or sometimes
infuscated: basal joint thickened and gently curved, in length subequal
to the third; second and fourth joints nearly equal. Thorax one-third
broader than long, abruptly declining towards front; lateral margins

192 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

sinuated anteriorly and sparingly toothed, posteriorly rectangular,
somewhat reflexed and slightly pointed at the lateral angles, posterior
margin feebly rounded, with a few tubercles on the outer sides; the
anterior margin narrowly rimmed, not broader than the neck; the cal-
losities not prominent, bordered by a narrow, sunken line; surface of
thorax feebly rounded at the disk, very rugose, roughly irregular punc-
tured and with numerous deep sunken pits, the larger ones grouped
more on the sides and in front of thorax; at the submarginal part of
the posterior margin a transverse faint ridge and at each end of it a
short impression. Scutellum triangular, as long as broad, unevenly
wrinkled.

Hemilytra dense and confluently punctured, not roughly as on the
thorax, no trace of a transverse light band or any zig-zag line; costal
margins nearly straight; membrane dark bronze. Dorsal part of
abdomen blackish, with a yellowish stripe down the middle. Wings
smoky. Connexivum dark brown, a short, transverse, pale band at
each incision. The underside of the body densely covered with short
golden hairs and numerous black dots; a median, longitudinal impres-
sion extends down the venter to the fourth or fifth abdominal segment.
Front and middle femora light brown, spined beneath; the tibia and
tarsal joints yellowish; hind femora thickened towards apex in both
sexes, dark reddish brown, paler at the base and covered with small black
tubercles; the underside carries two rows of strongly curved, blackish
spines. The hind tibiae moderately expanded from near the base to
about one-third of its length, dark brown, with a small transparent
spot on the inner margin; the expansion rounded, narrowing to either
end; the outer margin feebly sinuated twice, having two or three small
acute spines; the inner margin a little less broadened than the outer
margin, with a few short spines at the edge and some minute ones at
the inner side of the simple apical part of tibiae, which is, with the
tarsal joints, yellowish-brown and very hairy.

Length 18 to 21 mm. ; width across thorax 6 to 8 mm.

Described from two specimens, male and female, collected
on a magnolia tree in the city of Washington, District of
Columbia, September 20, 1889, September 19, 1905 (Heide-
mann). In addition several other specimens have been ex-
amined, from Georgia, State College (Scott and Fisk); Florida
(Ashmead); Chapel Hill, North Carolina, October 1, 1881 (G.
F. Atkinson).

Type: No. 13228, U. S. National Museum.

This species is very distinct from any other species known,
by the peculiar rough surface of the thorax. It is related to
L. stigma Herbst, but differs in having the hind tibiae less
expanded and showing no indication whatever of a pale band

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASHINGTON

VOLUME XII, PLATE VII

NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOGLOSSUS.

PROC. ENT, SOC. WASHINGTON

VULUME XII, PLATE VIII

NEW SPECIES OF LEPTOGLOSSUS.

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 193

across the corium. It is also somewhat allied to L. oppositus
Say, with which it has often been confused, although it can
readily be distinguished by the extreme rugose surface of its
thorax.

Years ago the writer took one single specimen from a linden
tree in the grounds of the Department of Agriculture; later
the same insect occurred on leaves of magnolia trees and was
found feeding on the young fruit. At the same time Dr.
F. H. Chittenden was observing this interesting new coreid on
magnolia, and Mr. T. H. Pergande, of the Bureau of Ento-
mology, Department of Agriculture, examined the young larval
forms and made the following notes:*

Specimens of this bug have been observed during June on magnolias
of different kinds on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture,
sucking the fruit. The smaller fruit stung by them dropped gradually,
while the larger though still growing fruit turned black and ceased
growing at the side where it was stung, while the other side kept on
growing, on account of which it became curved and crippled. On the
underside of some of the leaves was found a long string of eggs and
with them the young larva?, which no doubt belong to this bug, since
no other hemipteron could be found on the trees. Two of the larva?,
egg-shells, and one of the adults were preserved, marked 6296.

July 12, 1894.— While searching again for the larvae of this species
I found a colony on a magnolia on which I failed to find any eggs,
which seems to indicate that the whole colony travels together from
one tree to another. All were stationed upon one of the pods, some
engaged in sucking. They are quick runners if disturbed, and will
soon scatter to different parts of a branch. Their rostrum is now
immensely long, reaching considerably beyond the end of the body.

The larvae are red, the antennae, a band between the eyes, a band
across the metanotum, all spines, and legs black; terminal half of all
tibiae, except extreme tip, white. Rostrum blackish.

July 17, 189k. — Some have cast a skin, evidently the second. They
are now yellowish gray; head and thorax dark gray; the abdomen
marked with minute purplish spots; prothorax broadly bordered with
red; there are two reddish streaks on the head, posterior to the eyes.
Antennae reddish-brown, the last joint yellowish white. Eyes dark
brown; anterior and median femora dusky, darkest towards both ends;
posterior femora black; basal third of anterior and median tibia? and
basal half of posterior tibice black, the rest yellowish white. Rostrum
does not reach to the end of the body; it is yellowish white, with the
basal joint and tip black. All tubercles black.

* Mr. T. H. Pergande kindly submitted these notes to the writer for
publication.

194 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

July 23, 1894. — [Some have cast another skin and are now in the
pupa state.] The abdomen is now dark gray, with a tinge of yellow
speckled with purplish. Head, thorax, and wing-pads dark purplish
brown; head with dark longitudinal streak and three more or less distinct
yellowish lines posteriorly; median line of thorax and scutellum and a
spot behind scutellum more or less yellow; lateral margin of abdomen
yellow. Abdominal tubercles black, with a yellow spot at base in
front of dorsal tubercles. Eyes brown; antennae dark reddish, the
basal joint purplish and the end of the last yellowish. Ventral side
of body, from head to near end of body, creamy yellow with a faint
bluish tinge, speckled with crimson. Coxae and trochanters of a pale,
transparent bluish green. Anterior and median femora, apex of all
tibiae, and the tarsi pale reddish; rest of anterior and median tibiae,
and the portion just beyond the flattened basal portion of posterior
tibiae whitish, with a slight yellowish or faintly bluish tinge. Poste-
rior femora dark purplish; flattened portion of posterior tibiae black,
with a whitish spot about the middle near inner edge. The whole
insect is covered with a whitish or faintly yellowish, glistening pile;
hairs of antennas black; pile of last joint pale. Placed one in alcohol
with the others.

July 27, 1894. — One of the specimens changed to the imago state.
It is a female. The seed-pod exhibits many black spots caused by the
sucking of the insects.

July 30, 1894. — The remaining two pupae died. Placed them with the
others in alcohol in the cabinet. Pinned the imago, marked 6296.

July 22, 1895. — Received two specimens from Ch. L. Snyder, Oakton,
Virginia, with the statement that they puncture and suck the fruit of
his Russian apricots.

The eggs found on the underside of the leaves are usually
fastened along the main rib; they are laid in. a long string,
closely joined together and number sometimes over 30 eggs.
The single egg is 1.33 mm. long and 1 mm. broad and high,
and of a light-brown metallic color; it is slightly rounded, the
sides somewhat flattened. The opening, covered by the lid,
is on the upper side behind the middle, comparatively large
and rounded.

In regard to the geographical distribution of this species,
judging from the localities where specimens have been found,
it appears that this species is more confined to the Southern
States. However, magnolias grow along the coast from Lou-
isiana as far north as Massachusetts, and, while the magnolia
is evidently the natural food-plant of this Leptoglossus species,
a similar wide range of distribution may be expected. This
seems to be approved, as the writer recently had the oppor-

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 195

tunity to examine a single female which was sent by Dr. H. T.
Fernald for identification. The specimen was found on mag-
nolia, October 7, 1901, at the Hatch Experiment Station,
Massachusetts. A close examination proved that the bug
was identical with the new species described above.

Leptoglossus clypealis, new species.

Body oblong, yellowish brown, covered with short golden hairs.
Head as long as the thorax, narrowing towards front, the upper part
with two parallel black stripes and a short one behind each eye;
clypeus not rounded at tip, but conspicuously projecting as a stout
spine to nearly the apex of first an tennal joint; rostrum comparatively
short, extending to behind the middle coxee or to the first abdominal
segment. Antennae reddish brown, about as long as the distance from
head to the middle of body; basal joint with a black line exteriorly,
equal in length to the third; second and terminal joints subequal.
Thorax gradually sloping towards front, finely wrinkled and confluently
punctured; lateral margins slightly sinuate anteriorly; the humeral
angles bluntly rounded, the edge a little upturned and blackish; the
callosities shining black, feebly elevated, separated by a light-brown
somewhat raised line, continuing faintly backward; the disk of thorax
moderately convex, with a few scattered black dots; submarginal part
of posterior margin deeply depressed, and in front of it a transverse
sharp ridge. Scutellum black, the tip yellowish, strongly wrinkled.
Hemilytra very finely confluently punctured and with a yellowish-white
zig-zag band across the corium. Membrane transparent, pale brown,
darker at base. Dorsal part of abdomen more or less blackish, the
inner sides orange; underside of body pale brown, and dotted black.
Legs reddish brown; hind femora sulcate beneath, armed with a double
row of stout black spines; upperside mostly blackish streaked, beset
with hardly any tubercles. The membranous expansion of hind tibia?
spatulate-shaped, extending towards apex about two-thirds, being
broadest near that point; the inner side of expansion not much narrower
than the other side, edged apically with a few spines, finer ones on
the single part of the hind leg; the outer expansion feebly sinuated
twice, carrying two spines, the surface of the membranous expansion
dark brown, wrinkled, and finely golden pubescent, covered with
numerous small yellow spots and a larger transparent one on the
inner side. Venter with a shallow sulcation.

Length '6 to 20 mm; width across thorax 4 to 5 mm.

Described from two specimens, male and female; Platte
Canon, Colorado, May 20, 1901 (Dyar and Caudell); Salt Lake
City, Utah, July 17, 1900 (C. P. Close). Besides, others
have been examined from Las Vegas, New Mexico, October,

196 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1900 (Cockerell); Pecos, New Mexico, July; Los Angeles
County, California (Coquillett); Monzana, California, May 1,

1901 (O. L. Livery); San Bernardino County, California; Col-
orado Springs, Colorado; Fort Collins (Uhler's collection)
July 17, 1900 ; Oregon.

Type: No. 13229, U. S. National Museum.

This peculiar species can be distinguished from all other
species of Leptoglossus known at the present time by the stout
spine conspicuously projecting from the tip of the head. Its
geographical distribution extends from Colorado west to the
Pacific Slope. The species may become of economic import-
ance, as it is already recorded to be injurious to plum trees and
almonds, puncturing the young fruit.

Leptogossus occidentalis, new species.

Body oblong, reddish brown, densely pubescent; head nearly as long
as the thorax, with two black longitudinal stripes above, the outer
one continuing along the exterior part of basal antennal joint, also a
short, blackish streak at the gula; tylus rounded in front, a little
knobbed at tip; rostrum reaching to the third and fourth abdominal
segment; antenna? usually pale brown; the terminal joint darker
and stout, nearly equal in length to the third joint; the second longer
than the first. Thorax less depressed towards front, deeply punctured
and irregularly wrinkled; lateral margins near the middle sinuated,
the humeral angles broadly rounded and a little reflexed, a transverse
sunken line before and behind the callosities; disk more or less convexly
rounded and with a few scattered black dots. Scutellum blackish at
base, tip pale, and a transverse depression on the middle. Hemilytra
with a medium pale zig-zag line across the corium, formed by the
color of the nerves, sometimes nearly indistinct; before and behind this
pale line the surface is of a darker brown, appearing somewhat velvety
in fresh specimens; the membrane dark bronze. Abdomen dorsally
orange with transverse black patches; connexivum sometimes narrowly
edged black and the base of incisures yellowish. Underside of body pale
reddish brown, sprinkled with large and smaller black spots and a shallow
impression dawn the ventral part. Legs pilose, pale reddish brown,
the spines of the femures black only at the tip; upper side of femora
blackish streaked with pale interruptions ; membranous expansion of the
hind tibiae shaped as in the preceding species, but less broadened; the
inner and outer sides of expansion equally wide, reddish brown, with an
irregular transparent spot in the middle and dotted black before and
at the apex; the expanded inner side armed with a few small double
spines, while the outer side has only two single minute ones.

Length 16 to 18 mm. ; width across thorax 4 to (> mm.

Described from two specimens, male and female, Placer
County, California (K. C. Van Dyke); Utah (Uhler). Other

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1!)10. 197

additional species have been examined from Fort Collins,
Colorado, October 11, 1910; Forbestown, California, November
27, 1880 (Maggie Dowell); Livingstone, Vancouver^ October
1, 1896; California (Behrens); Boulder, Colorado, February
24, 1910 (S. A. Rohwer).

Type: No. 13230, U. S. National Museum.

This species has frequently been determined as Leptoglossus
cor at his Say on account of its most striking resemblance, but
by close observation the differently shaped expansion of the
hind tibiae will distinguish it at once. In Say's species the
expansion reaches with its outer side almost to the apex of the
tibiae, while in this new species the expansion on either side
extends but two-thirds of the length of the tibiae.

The species belongs evidently to the Western fauna, and is
widely distributed from Colorado to California and north to
Vancouver.

COQUILLETT'S "THE TYPE-SPECIES OF THE NORTH AMERI-
CAN GENERA OF DIPTERA."*

BY FREDERICK KNAB.

This work purports to be simply an indication of the type
species of the genera that have been used in connection with
North American Diptera. It will, however, be most valuable
for reference, supplementing the Aldrich Catalogue, from
which all generic references and synonymy have been omitted.
With the unusual, and perhaps unexcelled, library facilities
at Washington, and Mr. Coquillett's industry, it may be ex-
pected that the list of genera is fairly complete. That abso-
lute perfection in this respect cannot be reached is shown by
the series of corrections which have already been indicated. t

Reliability as to the types indicated implies that every work
dealing with the genera in question has been gone over. In the
determination of the type species two processes are involved:
First, to determine if, in those genera which were founded
with several species originally included, a type species was not
indicated by the author of the genus or by some subsequent
author ; second, when no type species has been found indicated,
to designate the type. In the latter case there is always a

*Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 1719 (vol. 37), pp. 499-647. Published
August 4, 1910.

tCoquillett, D. W. Corrections to my paper on the type-species of
the North American genera of Diptera. Canad. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 375-
378 (November, 1910).

198 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

chance that some previous work will turn up later in which
the type species is already indicated.

A work of this character is satisfactory in proportion to its
thoroughness and the impartiality with which it has been
carried out. It can readily be seen that, in the case of the
same species being included in two different genera, one of
these genera can be invalidated by simply indicating such
species as the type of both genera. In such case the result,
instead of being that most to be desired, to save the largest
number of generic names for possible later subdivision, is to
invalidate as many of them as possible. This has actually
been done. Thus the genus Lepiselaga Macquart was founded
on a single species ( Tabanus lepidutus Wiedemauu) ; the genus
Hadrus Perty had five species originally included, among
them the same Tabanus lepidotus, and Mr. Coquillett fixes
upon this as the type species. It is true that the recent modi-
fications of the international code of zoological nomenclature
countenance this procedure, but most systematists will con-
sider it very objectionable. In the case of the Schizophora,
which are systematically in a very unsettled state, such a
course is nothing less than mischievous. It is therefore unfor-
tunate that types once validly fixed must hold.

A matter on which very few workers will agree with Mr.
Coquillett is the recognition of the old generic names of Meigen,
published in 1800 without any species associated. Mr. Coquil-
lett has indicated types for these genera, whereas the code
prescribes that the type must be one of the originally included
species. This, too, is upheld by the International Commis-
sion's recent rulings, to which Mr. Coquillett is a strong ad-
herent. In the opinion of the reviewer the recognition of
such genera contradicts the generally accepted position that a
genus must be founded upon an actual object; in other words,
on a species.

In addition to its confessed aim the work has another pur-
pose. It is no less than an attempt to decide the validity of
all the genera. It is clearly beyond the powers of anyone to
determine the status of all the genera in the Diptera. To
place genera in the synonymy without discussion of the points
at issue is not only unscientific but unfair. These decisions
of Mr. Coquillett, however, have no binding effect.

The activity of the reviewer in the field of systematic dip-
terology has been too limited to enter into detailed discussion
of the work. However, a few obvious omissions and errors
can be pointed out by way of indicating the danger of relying

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 199

upon the work as final. We note the absence of the genus
Dermatobia, of the occurrence of which in the region under
consideration there is abundant and overwhelming proof. Two
other generic names omitted are Pamntla von Heyden and
Scutelligem Spix, both synonyms of Microdon. In the Culi-
cidse the genera Gualteria Lutz and Toxorhynchttes Theo-
bald are omitted. The genus Gualteria was founded on the
species G. osivaldi Lutz, and of this Vcrralliiia insolita Coq.
and V. laternaria Coq. are synonyms. The genus "J\i.\or/i\'n-
chites was published for the first time with a species included
by Howard in his "Mosquitoes" (page 154). The fact that
the generic concept was based on the short palpi of the female,
and that an American species was assigned to it because the
palpi of the female examined by Mr. Coquillett happened to
be broken, does not alter the status of the genus. Megarhinus
rutila Coq. must be considered the type-species of Toxorhyn-
chites and the genus must be credited to Howard and placed
as a synonym of Megarhinus. The name Conchyliastes is
credited to Theobald ; it was, however, published by Howard
(1. c., p. 155), and must be credited to him, regardless of the
fact that the name was communicated to him by Professor
Theobald in a letter.

Mr. Coquillett's method of indicating the type species, where
synonymy is involved, is unsatisfactory. Instead of indicating
as the type the species actually included by the author of the
genus, the species of which this is supposed to be a synonym
is designated. Should the two names prove later to belong to
distinct species, confusion may easily arise. It is true the
name used by the author of the genus is added in parenthesis,
but the tendency is to obscure the issue. This is well illus-
trated in the case of the genus T&niorhynchus Arribalzaga.
Coquillett states that Culex titillans Walker is the type— "the
first species by tautonymy." It is probably true that the first
species included by Arribalzaga in his genus Tceniorhynchus
is Walker's Culex titillans, but this cannot be proved until
the mosquito fauna of the La Plata region has been newly
studied, and it is immaterial in this case. Arribalzaga thought
he had before him Wiedemann's Culex ta>niorh\nchus and fie
so called the insect. By tautonvmy, if we understand the
meaning of the word, Culex l&m'orhvnchus alone can be the
type species. Therefore the generic name TcBniorhynchus^
in place of preoccupying Mansonia^ becomes a synonym of
Acdes as defined by Dyar and Knab. Other examples which
show how misleading is Mr. Coquillett's method of indicating
the type species are Chaoborus Lichtenstein and Heteron\cha

200 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Arribalzaga. Chaoborus was founded upon a larva which
lyichteustein gave the specific name antisepticns without hav-
ing-the least suspicion of its position in systematic zoology.
The larvae of the species of Chaoborus resemble each other
very closely and can only be differentiated on minute struc-
tural details. It is very doubtful that Lichtenstein's descrip-
tion and figure will make possible the specific identification of
his larva. Moreover, the European species of Chaoborus have
never been carefully studied from a systematic standpoint and
no proof exists that the Tipula crystalina of De Geer, which
Coquillett indicates as the type, is specifically identical with
Chaoborus antisepticus Ljchtenstein. In the case of Hetero-
nvcha Coquillett indicates Culex aestuans Wiedemann as the
type. Arribalzaga founded his genus upon a species which
he supposed to be new and which he called H. dolosa. This
species is most probably identical with Culex quinquefasciatus
Say. Wiedemann's Culex acsluans, as far as the reviewer is
aware, has never been identified with certainty. The short
description will apply to almost any plainly colored mosquito,
and it might easily belong to a genus other than Culex. Un-
til the types of Culex aestuans are studied in the light of
modern knowledge, its identity cannot be asserted. Wiede-
mann's species came from Brazil, that of Arribalzaga from the
Argentine.

In conclusion, it should be stated that the value of Mr.
Coquillett's work, for determining the status of genera, is
greatly weakened by the fact that he limited himself to the
North American region. Manifestly anyone entering seriously
into the question of genera in a given group will have to in-
vestigate all the genera and their types, regardless of the part
of the earth they were described from. One of the excellent
features of the work is the accompanying index to the genera
and species, such as one misses very keenly in the Aldrich
Catalogue.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CAPSID.

BY OTTO HEIDEMANN.

Capsus solani, new species (fig-. 3).

Body elongate-oval, shining black, beset with pale, short hairs.
Head very fine, sparingly, punctate; a transverse, short depression
basally near inner side of each eye; the eyes large, about half as long
as the head, viewed from side. Antennae moderately long, the first
joint as long as the distance between the eyes in the male; second
joint gradually thickening a little towards the apical part, nearly as

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, 1910. 201

long as the two terminal ones united, which are slender and subequal
in length; rostrum reaching the middle coxae, black, sometimes more
or less brownish; basal joint very broad compared with the other joints.
Pronotum broader than long; anterior margin about half as wide as
the posterior margin; the lateral margins almost straight, not sharply
carinated, anteriorly gently rounding beneath the eyes
and more abruptly at the humeri; the callosities not
very prominent, transverse, reaching the sides, a little
depressed behind and with two linear impressions an-
teriorly; the collum well defined; disk of pronotum
somewhat convex, feebly sloping anteriorly; surface
irregularly, quite strongly wrinkled and confluently
punctured, the punctures becoming more shallow near the posterior
margin of pronotum. Scutellum transversely fine rugose, depressed
at base and with a smooth little tubercle at tip. Hemilytra much
finer wrinkled and punctured than the pronotum; cuneus slightly in-
cised at base exteriorly, blunt at tip, and somewhat impressed at inner
side basally; membrane smoky, longitudinally rugose, the two cells
smooth; a narrow whitish streak at the side of cuneus apically and
which runs diagonally along the apex of the cells. Abdomen, breast,
and the pleural pieces black, highly polished; acetabular caps and
ostiolar canal yellowish-white.

Feet black, except apical part of coxae, the trochanters and the
greater part of the tibias yellowish, the latter remotely beset with
black bristles; tarsal joints and claws black. A few specimens have
the femora also yellowish, which indicates only a color variety. The
arolia at base of claws are free and divergent.

Length to the tip of membrane o mm. ; width across hemilytra 2
mm.

Described from two examples, male and female; besides,
many more specimens have been examined.

Type: No 13227, U. S. National Museum.

Walnut Creek, California, May 13, 1910; Marin County,
California; Los Angeles, California; Squaw Valley, California,
March 25 (Schwarz); Santa Clara, California (Coquillett)
Olympia, Washington; Wasatch Mountains, Utah, June 20,
1885.

This new species comes nearest to Caps/is atcr Fabr., with
which it has in common the peculiarly sculptured pronotum,
but differs in not being quite so robust and having the second
antennal joint not clavate. Regarding geographical distribu-
tion it seems to be a Western species. It extends on the Pacific
Slope as far north as Olympia, State of Washington. Speci-
mens have also been collected in the Wasatch Mountains, Utah,
In California it occurs abundantly on Lnpiuus and is lately
recorded from that region as injuring potato plants.

202 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

NEW PHYCITIN^E AND CRAMBIN^.

[Lepidoptera; Pyralidse.]

BY CHARLES R. ELY.
Subfamily PHYCITIN,E.

Eurythmia angulella, new species.

Palpi, head and thorax gray. Abdomen yellow gray. Fore wings
narrow, dark gray, crossed by two sharply defined white lines; the
anterior transverse line is dentate; starting from the costa it is com-
posed of three outward and two inward dashes and is shaded out-
wardly with black; the posterior transverse line is waved and crosses
the wing obliquely, being nearer the transverse anterior line on the
inner margin than on the costa, and is shaded on both sides with black;
two discal dots are present. Hind wings semitransparent, pale yellow-
gray shaded with fuscous along veins and margins of wing. Venation
typical. Alar expanse 14 mm.

Seven specimens from East River, Connecticut, July 14-17,
1909. Collector, Chas. R. Ely.

Type: No. 13193, U. S. National Museum.

Eurythmia diffusella', new species.

Similar in general appearance to angulella, but a more uniform gray;
transverse lines on fore wings almost obsolete. There is a blackish
shading crossing the median portion of the wing which is narrow on
the inner margin and broad on the costa, and the outer portion of the
wing is shaded with black beyond the faintly indicated transverse pos-
terior line. Discal dots faintly indicated. Venation typical. Alar ex-
panse 14 mm.

One male, East River, Connecticut, July 16, 1909. Col-
lector, Chas. R. Ely.

Type: No. 13194, U. S. National Museum.

Eurythmia furnella, new species.

Palpi, head, and thorax gray. Abdomen yellow gray. Fore wings
gray with two diffuse whitish bands, instead of the transverse lines
present in other species; between these bands the whole median space
is black. Venation typical. Alar expanse 14 mm.

One female, East River, Connecticut, July 14, 1909. Col-
lector, Chas. R. Ely.

Type: No. 13195, U. S. National Museum.

Eurythmia parvulella, new species.

Palpi, head, and thorax gray. Abdomen yellowish. Fore wings nar-
row, dark steel gray, crossed by two sharply defined white lines; the
anterior transverse line is without dentations and is slightly farther
from the base of the wing on the inner than on the costal margin; the

OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME XII, lit In. 203

transverse posterior line crosses the wing obliquely, being nearer the
base on the inner margin, where it usually makes a sharp bend toward
the base; in the rest of its course the line is straight; both lines are
usually bordered with a darker shade than the ground-color of the wing.
The costal tuft on the underside of the fore wings of the males is pro-
nounced. Discal dots either separate or confluent. Hind wings semi-
transparent, yellow-gray shaded with fuscous along veins and mar-
gins. The venation varies from that of the typical Eurythmia as
follows: In the fore wings the stalk of 3, 4 is very short or the two
veins may even be connate; in the hind wings there are but 6 veins;
vein 8, which is extremely short in the other species of Eurythmia,
has in this species disappeared by coincidence with 7. Alar expanse
11 or 12 mm.

Thirty-two specimens, East River, Connecticut, July and
August, 1908 and 1909. Collector, Chas. R. Ely.

Type: No. 13196, U. S. National Museum.

It may be that a new genus should be erected for this spe-
cies, but to the writer it seems preferable to broaden the defini-
tion of the genus Eurythmia so as to include species in which
3, 4 of the tore wing is either connate or short-stalked, instead
of long-stalked, and in which vein 8 of the hind wing is either
very short or absent.

Euzophera ochrifrontella Zeller.

Dyar, List. N. A. Lepidoptera, No. 4835, 1903.

The genus Euzophera is described as having veins 4, 5 long-
Ftalked and is so placed in some keys to the genera of the
Phycitiua*. It is therefore worth noting that many specimens
of this species are found which have veins 4, 5 short-stalked
or even connate. A good series from East River, Connecticut,
was about evenly divided between the long- and short-stalked
forms.

» -^

Varneria postremella Dyar. \\&

Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vi, p. .H3, 1904.

In looking over some specimens of this species from East
River, Connecticut, it was noted by Dr. Dyar that thej^uu wed
a normal development of the tongue, instead of having it very
short, as given in his original description. This error was
probably due to the imperfection of the material examined.
Dr. Dyar has suggested that the correction be noted in the
present paper, which deals with a closely allied genus, \\ir-
nen'ti must therefore be removed from the subfamily in which
it is now placed, the Anerastimie, and should go in the sub-
family Phycitinoe, where it will fall near Enrvthniiu, from
which genus it may be distinguished by its porrect labial
palpi.

204 PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Subfamily CRAMBIN^.

Genus EOREUMA, new.

Labial palpi porrect, extending about three times length of head,
thickly clothed with hair; maxillary palpi triangularly scaled; tongue
small; frons rounded; antennae of male thickened and flattened. Fore
wing with apex somewhat produced; vein 3 from before angle of cell;
4, 5 separate; 6 from below upper angle of cell; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10
stalked; 1L free and oblique. Hind wing with 3 from before angle of
cell; 4, 5 stalked; 6, 7 from upper angle.

J"ype: Chilo densellus Zell.

As noted by Dr. Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xi, 27, 1909),
densellus is referred by Sir G. F. Hampson to the genus Plut-
ytes, but is retained in the genus Chilo by American authors,
while Dr. Dyar lists it under Argyria. From specimens taken
by the writer in East River, Connecticut, which correspond
to those in the U. S. National Museum collection under den-
sellus, it appears that this species does not belong to any of
these genera. The venation of the fore wings with veins 8,
9, 10 stalked would appear to place it in the genus Erupa, one
not hitherto represented in our fauna. Entpa, however, as
denned by Sir G. F. Hampson, and as shown by the species
which is the type of this genus, has veins 4, 5 of the hind wings
well separated, while in the species under consideration 4, 5
are stalked. The species now placed under Erupa in the
U. S. National Museum collection appear to be composed of
two groups— a rather broad-winged form in which veins 4, 5
of the hind wings are separate, and a narrow-winged form in
which veins 4, 5 are stalked. In the latter group there are
three species, which have been assigned to Entpa by Sir G.
F. Hampson, Erupa roseiceps Hamp. and two other species
as yet undescribed. These last three species should therefore
be placed with densellus under the genus Eoreuma.

Crambus auratella Clemens.

Argyria auratella Clem., Dyar, List. N. A. Lepidoptera, No.
4622, 1903.

This species is listed by Sir G. F. Hampson under the genus
Plalyles instead of under Argyrin, which he treats as a sub-
genus of Platytes. Although resembling some of the other
species of Argyria in general appearance its venation is that
of the genus Crambus, to which, as it is now defined, it would
appear to be necessary to refer it. Vein 7 of the fore wing is
stalked with 8, 9, and veins 11 and 12 anastomose.

The writer wishes to express his thanks to Dr. Dyar for the
assistance he has received from him while studying the
material upon which this paper is based.

Actual date of issue, December 31, 1910.

INDEX TO VOLUME XII.

Acarina, Neu American, 2; on mosquitoes, 13.
.1 r •/•«'/" 1 1 a ii a 1 1 1 1 rn , 117: rn r t-t I n, \ Is; fil in In, 1 lr>:

ci»;, 1U>; jln i-ii, desoriptioD ot larva, 118;
•'xa, 116: leber/tc. 117: "< . . 117;

moorei, lit',; obscttra, 117: ochracea, 110;
• iinthrifera, 117.
Acragopsis jlm-elta, 120.
Aedes bimaculn/iift, 22; calo/jita, 10, 20, 0(1, .si ;

I'lirnnlfitxix, 10,82; ci/iiiii-fcens, 17 ; discolor ,

10; discrwctans, 17; dupreei, 18; fuscus, 10,

V2; liui'i'i'liiH, IS; i ujirnutlus, IS; nivitarsis,

82; paU,idohirtus,81; pretans, ls:. ,-.//..

18; tliilniiilti , 10; tormentor, Is1; trisi'riiitux,

19.

Agonnpterys hyperelln, n. sp., Us.
Alimera bicolor, 173.
ALLAHD, H. A.: Musical Crickets and LOCH ti

in North Georgia, 32; the Stridulations

c.i Some Cone-headed < irasshoppers

ocephalus), 121.
Allochrysa, Table of South American species,

140; riilontbin, n. sp., 150; corilillrru, n.

s].)., l.'il: iiiiii'/ui/ii, n. sp., 151; maculipen-

nis, n. sp., 150; pretiosa, n. sp., 150; /"</-

chella* n. sp., 152.
.{I'ln'rni/rn citrina, 110; mefosfi, 119; rto, n. sp.,

119; soj^o, 120.
Anarchylus, 168.
Anaxipha exigua, 41.
Anopheles crucians, 24: innii-H /n'nnis, 22: qinnl-

ritniiculatus, 24; walkeri, 22.
Apanteles congregatus, 72.
Aphididce, Xotcs on tho Two Papers on, by

l!:ifinesque, 27.
Aphidiina', Some Synonymy and Oilier Note-,

on, 179.
Aphidius nigripes, ISS ... Iss; /thoro-

dontix, iss; /YJS<E, 187.

Arachnid families, jjcoKrapliicai distribution of,
89.

.1/VI.///.S- uandttzeei, occurrence near \\'.M Oii
D. C., 40.

ix iiiiriirilln. n. jp., t'i7; ih/nri-lln. n. sp..
67.

.!/•(•/< /,/».-.-, 168.

Aspiil tut U.K. the species in I itch' Collei

:.ti, no.

':-i,h'i>n. iliirmili.i. n, --p.. Its; frontah . n. sp.,
1 Is; nrlii'iilix, n. s|j.t 140.

linncruftin sii/itifiT, 20.

BANKS, NATHAN: New Amerienn Mii,.,, 2;
Family Di.st rihutum and i'.inn.-il Ajeas,88;
New Smith American Nrinv,pi,.r,,id In-
sects, 140.

BARBER, H. S.: Occurrence of an Knibiid in a
Hothouse at Washington, I). ('.. |:; |-, _,
of Various Preservative oi [nsect l.:n\-:e
47.

Bedalia, n. gen., 173; corops, n. sp., 173.

Boriomyia columbiensis, n. sp., 157.

Brachynemurus argentinus, n. sp., 140.

BUSCK, AUGUST: A Correction, 20; Two New
Species of the Genus Etlu» -. 53; \,.\\
Species of the Genus Stenoinn from t
Rica, SO; New Central American I.epidop-
tera Introduced into the Hawaiian Islands,
132.

Cactus, investigation of insects living on, 72.

Campylenchia curmta, protective resemblance
of, 70.

Capsid, Description of a New, 200.
ILK aolani, n. sp., 200.

Carama, a synonym of Norape, 163.

CAUDELL, A. N.: The Type of the Genus Con-
ocephalus, 95; Description of Deci/niiin/iini
. Oi;.

Cui'iria grisea, 161; mentnr, n. sp., 84; pnrtl,,-
n ii-ii, n. sp., s.'i; -'.;/,/,,.„,,, 1K s[, st; .«»/)-
pura, n. sp., 84; <aws, n. sp., 85.

Ceratophont.-; i/inin'/H, n. ^p., lu|.

Chalcididse, Schmiedekiii-i-ht'~ work in "Gen-
era Insectorum." !l:'.

CHITTI MH:V, K. 11.: |'l,,. (.;,.,,us Lath,
\Vaterhon.-.e. L35.

Chrysopa albopalpis,n. sp.,153; n sp.,

I5:;: gloriosa, n. .---,).. i:,:.'; Zonota, n. sp.,

1.">I; iiif/n pnl/iix, n. sp., 153.
Cicinnus stenin, n. sp., 86.
Clinoc( ni genualis, n. sp., IL' I.
Coccid:e di cnlied by Asa Kiirh, A lieview of.

CoeMin-i N /.-• iii i rln n', 21.

Cceloiiixthin diacrisice, n. ^p.. 1 l.~>.

Conofi'iilinliix, the Type S] ,95; Stridula-

ot S 121 ; bruneri, 12_'

I L'l ; , I'l/iffiiin a-, ins. 122; fit H'J;

us, 1 '.' I : pai 123.

COQUII.I.I.I i . D. \\ . : Ne« Genera and species

ot Noil Ii American I >ipl.>i.t, I 2 I .

205

206

INDEX.

Crambime and Phycitinse, New, 202.

Crambus auratellus, 204.

CRAWFORD, J. C. : Review of Schmiedeknecht's
work on Chalcididse in "Genera Insector-
um," 92; Two New Parasitic Hymenop-
tera, 145.

Cremastobombycia lantanella, n. sp., 133.

Crickets, Musical, in North Georgia, 32.

Crocidosema lantana, n. sp., 132.

Crossocerus dceckei, n. sp., 50; harrisi, 51; len-
tus, 51.

Culex pallidohirta. On the Identity of, 81; abo-
minator, 20; peccator, 20; quinquefasciatus,
21; restuans, 21; tarsalis, 20; lerritnnx, 1M.

Culicidse of Arkansas, Notes on, 13.

Culiseta inornata, 20.

Cyane terpsichorelln, n. sp.,'134.

Cycloptilus squamosus, 42.

Cyrtoxipha columbiana, 39.

Dalcera abrasa, 114.

Dalceridffi, Note on the Family, 113; table of
genera, 114.

Dalcerides ingenita, 119.

Dalcerina tijucana, 115.

Dnsyllis semitecta, n. sp., 124.

Dectinomima, n. gen., 96; jenningsi,n. sp., 96.

Diceretus rapce, 180; salicaphis, 182.

Diptera, New Genera and Species of North
American, 124; Review of Coquillett's
"The Type Species of North American
Genera of," 197.

DYAR, HARRISON G.: A New Euclea, 26; Re-
view of "The Rhopalocera of Java," 43;
Two New Species of Lcetilia Ragonot, 54;
Notes on the Species of Megalopyge Allied
to opercularis Smith and Abbot, 73; De-
scriptions of New South American Lepi-
doptera, 83; Notes on the Family Dalce-
ridse, 113; Notes on Megalopygidse, 161;
Two New Species of Graptolitha, 190;
Shorter Remarks, 43.

DYAR, HARRISON G. and FREDERICK KNAB:
On the Identity of Culex palliflohirta. 81.

Eciton ccEC.um, 11, 12.

Edebessa bicolor, 173.

ELY, CHARLES R. : New Species of North
American Microlepidoptera, 07; Now Phy-
citinae and Crambinse, 202.

Embiid in a Hothouse at Washington, D.C., 43.

Endobrachys, Kill.

Entomological Society of Washington, Elec-
tion of new members, 1, 31, 55; Election
of officers for 1909, 31; Report of Com-
mittee on (Irorno Washington Memorial
Building, 87.

Eoreuma, n. gen., 204; densella, 204.

Ephedrus completus, 189; incompletus, 189.

EremcBUs modestus, n. sp., 9.

Eremochrysa argent ina, n. sp., 154.

Erioptera caloptera, 65.

Ethmia, Two New American Species, 53; ham-

mella, n. sp., 53; monachella, n. sp., 53.
Euclea trichathdota, n. sp., 26.
Eucymaloga tenuata, 141; vancouverensis, 141.
Eupithecia bindata, n. sp., 142; cupressata, n.

sp., 141; piccata, n. sp., 143; segregate, n.

sp., 144; Many North American specie?.

listed, 138.

Eurychiloplercllii lun'dulfi, Notes on, 4").
Eurythmia anguleUa, n. s])., 202; diffm>fllii. n.

sp., 202; furtii-lln. n. sp., 202; parrulella, n.

sp., 202.
Euzophera, 203.
Eylais, 26.
Exorista setinervis, n. sp., 129.

Faunal Areas and Family Distribution, 88.
FISKE, W. F., remarks by, 73.
Fitch's Coccidse, A Review of, 56.

GAHAN, A. B. : Some Synonymy and Other

Notes on Aphidiinse, 179.
Galiemna partita, n. sp., 7; pterota, n. sp., 8.

Gamasus calcaratus, n. sp., 4; frontalis, n. sp., 3;
partitus, n. sp., 4; predator, n. sp., 5.

Gelechia argent ipunctella, n. sp., 70.

Geographical Distribution of Insect Families,
88.

Geometridse, Notes on Gypsichroa sitellata, 177.

Geranomyia, feeding habits of, 61 ; canadensis
61; rostrata, 62.

Gerontia, 174.

Gli/ptocera consobrinella, larva and food-plant
of, 52.

Graptolitha, Two New Species of , 190; prm-nu.
n. sp., 190; rivida, n. sp., 190.

Gryllidse, musical, in North Georgia, 32.

Gryllotalpa borealis, 42.

Gryllus pennsylva.nicus, 40.

Gypsochroa sitellata, Notes on, 177; lnrsii<>tn,
177.

Halarachne attenuata, n. sp., 3.

Hawaiian Islands, New Central American Mi-
crolepidoptera, introduced into, 132.

HEIDEMANN, OTTO: Notes on Some Hemiptn.i
from the Vicinity of Washington, D. C.,
45; New Species of Leptoglossus from
North Aincricii, 191: 1 Vsrription of a New
Capsid, 200.

Helobin hiiliriiln, 65.

Hemerobius albii>riniis, n. sj).. 15 '.I; holiniri, n.
sp., 159; tolinit /ixix, n. sp., 158.

INDEX.

207

Histiosoma tarsale, u, sp., 12.

fformius completes, 189; erythrogaster, 189.

HOWARD, L. O.: Protective Resemblance in

Campylenchia curcata Fabr., 70.
HUNTER, D. W., remarks by, 72.
Hydriiehnidte found on mosquitoes, 2ii.
llu'lrellifi iitrogliiu-ii, n. sp., 131 ; cr walls, n. sp.,

131.

Hymenoptera, T\\n N>w Parasitic, 145.
lli//iin-lit!i,iiniix liTiniii.t, H. sp., 11.
//vpopus on CeratophyUus faxcitituis, 12.
HYSLOP, J.: Biological Note on JVicn , i

so, OS.
H uxterocladia corallocera, 168.

f ild/ us ageslus, n. nom., 43; pichesensis, 43.

I used -,. M qx'rinienl - in Presei \ a1 ion <>! I rarvse,
47; Toxic Effect of Food of Hostson Para-
-iios, 72; Living on cactus, 72; Family
Distribution and Faunal Areas, 88.

Isochroma, 169.

Isocorypha, n. nom., 26.

Ixodes cequalis, n. sp., 6.

KIRKALDY, G. W., Obituary notice of, 111.

KNAB, FREDERICK: The Feeding-habits of Ger-
anomyia, 61; Coquillett's "The Type-
species of the North American Genera of
Diptera," 197.

KNAB, FREDERICK, and HARRISON G. D^ \ir
On the Identity of Culex pallidohirta, 81.

Lcelaps longitarsus, n. sp., 5.

Lcetilia, Two New Species of , 54; eremiellu. n.

sp., 54; myersella, n. sp..54.
Larvae of Insects, Experiments in Preservation

of, 47.
Lalheticus Waterhouse, The Genus, 135; table

of species, 137; oryzce, 135; prosopis, 137.
Lecanium, The Species in the Fitch Collection

56, 60.

Lepidoptera, Descriptions of New South Amer-
ican, 83.

Leptocella pulchella, n. sp., 160.
Leptoalossus, 'New Species of, from North

America, 191; clypealis, n. sp., 195; mao-

nolice, n. sp., 191; occidentalis, n. sp., inc..
Leria genalis, n. sp., 130; nebulosa, n. sp., 129;

nuda, n. sp., 130; pleuralis, n. sp., 130.
Leucnchri/sa caucella, n. sp., 155; montannln.

n. sp., 155; neuralis, n. sp., 155.

TU.S capitalus, n. sp., !»; medialis, n. sp., 10.
Llaveia axin, 95.

Locusts, musical, in \m-tli (!i-or«i:i, 32.
Lysiphelehus persicaphidis, 185; testaceipes, los.

Macrocheles helrina, n. sp., 5.
Macronema fraterna, n. sp., 159.

Moenas flavescens, 101.

Malmis, n. gen., 173; fiddia, 173.

Millennia perturbans, 16, 25.

\l,ni<rit<la chironomus, n. sp., 83; mollis, n. sp.,
83; signata, n. sp., 83.

Megaloin , n. "sp., 1")7.

Megnlopyge, Note on the Species Allied in
«l>i'rt:itliirix. 73; table of specie^, 73 :
synonymy of the genus, 17"i; nui'xi-'
75; amila, 78; nrifin, 79; hixxrxn, 75; '••
n. sp., 7ti; chrysocoma, 79; eodiopterts, < •
ili'fuliiitn, 77; govana, 77; n«-<inl" i»i<i<> . ~*>*
II/H mil, iris, 74; ornata, 7">; inlliin. 77; soZe-
/»•«*«, 74; trujillinn, 77; trujillo, 76; «;/•/»-
Zato, 78; xanthopasa, 78.

Megalopygidse, Notes on, 161; table of genera.
162.

Mf(i<i:-liiiins septentrionalis, 22.

Mirixiix innrih-llixti-nir, n. sj).. 145.

I/. • /. 172; eriophora, 172; mirabilis, 172.

Microlepidoptera, NewSpeciesof North Ameri-
can, 67; New Central-American, Intro-
duced into Hawaiian Islands, 132.

Mirror/in* itiapar, n. sp., 156; falcatus, n. sp.,
156.

M irriii;iin , n. gen., 167; minuta, 167.

Minir.sa, 101.

.\fiitiirr<ii/n ilisconitens, 120; iinlixliin-tn , n. sp. ,
120.

\l .•inii'i;ii/ides anuicis, 120.

Minonoa perbella, 120.

Miles. New American, 2; on mosquitoes, 13,
26.

MORGAN, A. C.: Toxic Effect of i ho I-'mxl ..I
the Host Upon Its Parasite, 72.

Mosquitoes of Arkansas, notes on, 13; Origin
nt blood-sucking habit, 65; Fish as ene-
mies of, 14; Mites on, 13, 2ti; Tran^poria-
tion of, 15.

Musical crickets and locusts in North Georgia,
32.

Mat illn tiitckei, n. sp., 49; vierecki, n. sp.. I1'.
zetta, n. sp., ."ill.
W n<>tix lucifugus, 5.

Mi/rnnl,,in unji-ntina, n. sp., 147.

Vo . .-, i:;s; ,i. rior, I3> insipi-

ilfiln, n. sp., 1i-l>: '. 13.**; rfiiin-

i-nln, 138.

\ i ni /.;i- /; - ,inus, 41.
100.

data, '.\^.

Neuropteroid Insects, Now Sniilli AIIHTIOMII,

1 111; disiribution dl. ss.
Nothrus carinatus, n. sp., 11; tern, >p..

10.

208

INDEX.

Norape alydda, 167; butleri, 166; catharus, n.
sp., 166; flammicornis, 166; hadaca, n. sp.,
164; laticosta, n. sp., 167; miasma, n. sp.,
166; ovina, 163; plumosa, 164; puella, 165;
pwro, 166; tener, 167; venata, 165; iiirgo,
165.

Obituary of Henry Ulke, 105; of G. W. Kirk-

aldy, 111.
(Ecanthus angustipennis, 37; latipennis, 36;

niveus, 36, 38; quadripunctatus, 36.
Orchelimum glaberrimum, 34; longipenne, 34;

minor, 35; molossum, 35; nigripes, 35; »ui-

ffore, 33.

Oribata consimilis, n. sp., 10.
Oribatella angusta, n. sp., 10; valida, n. sp., s.
Ornithodorus marginat.us, n. sp., 6.
Orochares saltator, 38.

Orthoptera, musical, in North Georgia, 32.
Otospermophilus beecheyi, 7.

Pamea maroniensis, n. sp., 86.

Paracraga amianta, 121: canaliculata, 121; iw-
noccns, 121.

Parasites, Toxic Effect of Food of Host on, 72.

Parasitic Hymenoptera, Two New, 145.

Passaltfctis melanognatha, n. sp., 104.

PEARSALL, R. F. : Vagrant Eupithecias, 139.

Pelops tibialis, n. sp., 7.

Pemphredoninse, 99.

Perognathus, 4.

Peronia hypericana, n. sp., 68.

Petia, n. gen., 126; calva, n. sp., 120.

PHILLIPS, E. F. : Note on preservatives of in-
sect larvae, 48.

Phlegethontius quinquemaculatus, 72; sextus, 72.

P/ithenolophus, a synonym of Crocidosema, 132.

Phycitinse and Crambinse, New, 202.

Phylloscirtus pulchellus, 41.

Phytodes, n. gen., 127; hirculus, n. sp., 127.

Phytomyza clemativora, n. sp., 131.

PIERCE, W. D. : On Nest-building Habits of
Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens, 97.

Podalia albescens, 174; darca, n. sp., 175; major,
174; megalodia, n. sp., 175; orsiltichus, 174.

Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens, Nest-
building Habits of, 97.

Polycentropus colombiensis, n. sp., 160.

Praon americanus, 186; r/'hi's, 186; *i inii/uns,
185.

Preservation of Insect Larvce, Experiments in,
47.

punctipennis, n. sp., 147.
coquilletti , n. sp., 103; rr//«/n'"/'"'/", "• ^1'-,
102; Jloi-iilinni, n. sp., 1 D'J: iimn-lnta ciirnli-
ini, 11. vnr., 103; (f/wiVtx, n. sp., 101.

Psenid Wasps, Description of New, from the

United States, 99.
Psenulus brevipetiolatus, n. sp., 100; soy), n.

sp., 100.

Psorophora ciliata, 21; howardi, 21.
Pteroptus echinipes, n. sp., 5; grossus, n. sp., 6.
Ptycerata, n. gen., 69; busckella, n. sp., 69.
Pyrgocorypha uncinata, 124.

Rafinesque, Notes on the Two Papers on
Aphidida; by, 27.

Ramaca, n. gen., 173; achriogelos, n. sp., 173.

Raphignathus brevis, n. sp., 3.

Repnoa, n. gen., 167; imparilis, 167.

Rhopalocera of Java, by Piepers and Snellen,
Review of, 43.

ROHWER, S. A.: A New Genus of Sawflies
from Chile, 30; Some New Wasps from
New Jersey, 49; Descriptions of New
Psenid Wasps from the United States, 99.

RUSSELL, H. M.: Notes on the Geometrid
Gypsochroa sitellata Guen., 177.

SANDERS, J. G.: A Review of the Coccidse de-
scribed by Dr. Asa Fitch, 56.

Sawflies, A New Genus of, from Chile, 30.

Sciathos, 169.

Sehmiedeknecht's "Chalcididse" in "Genera In-
sectorum," 92.

SCHWARZ, E. A., remarks by, 95.

Seriophanes sp., occurrence of, near Washing-
ton, D. C., 46.

Socorypha, 26.

Sphegina petiolata, n. sp., 125.

Spiders, distribution of families, 89.

STEADMAN, J. M., remarks by, 73.

Stenamma cockerelli, 97.

Stenoma, New Species of the Genus, from
Costa Rica, 80; fraternella, n. sp., 80;
Uniella, n. sp., 80.

Stridulations of Some Cone-headed Grasshopp-
ers (Conocephalus), 121.

Sulychra, 168; vesta, 168.

Sympherobius rnodestus, n. sp., 158.

Synothreopus vierecki, n. sp., ,"ii).

Tachyspli* •".•?, n. sp., 52: x//;u7/,-', n. sp..

51.

Tachytrechus junctus, n. sp., 125.
Tenthrediniihi'. A N"c\v Genus of, from Chile,
30.

is, n. gen., IL'S; modesta, n. sp., 12s.
egressa, Inn- a and pupa of, '.'s.

, JAMES K., Jr.,: Notes on the Mo -
([uitoes of ArkiniMi-. 1-i.

dceckei, n. sp., 51; nerecki, n. >i>., .">o.

[NDEX.

209

Tipuliche, Flower-visiting Species, 01, (14.

Thoscora, 174.

Trichatoxenus, n. gen., 30; reedi, n. sp., 30.

Triojcys aceris, 183; ovalis, 183.

Trombidium superbum, n. sp., 2.

Tnixia, 169; beggoides, 171; caramia, i\. sp.,

172; dimas. 170; euthula, n. sp., 171;

jeanette, n. sp., 172; misda, 171; punctigera,

170; revocans, 171.

ULKE, HENRY, Obituary of, 105.
Uranotamia sapphirina, 16.

1 n/ •/, ria postremi lln, 203.

Fescoo, n. gen.. 17(i; m</. n .>p.. 17(1.

\V:isp>, Some .\r\\, in, in New Jersey, I'.l.
WILSON. H. K.: Notes on the Two Paper- »n
Aphidi(he by I?:iliiies<pic, 27.

Xylota facialis, n. sp., 126.

ra, ji. gen., 115; (irftiil/nn/ulu , n. -)>., 115;
fumata, 115.
"»<a, n. gen., 85; infunlilix. M. sjj., ,s.">.

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

Page
DYAR, H. G. : Notes on Megalopygidae 161

DYAR, H. G. : Two New Species of Graptolitha 190

ELY, C. R.: New Phycitinae and Crambinaa 202

GAHAN, A. B. : Some Synonymy and Notes on Aphidiinae 179

a

HEIDKMANN, 0.: Description of a New Capsid 200

HEIDEMANN, O. : New Species of Leptoglossus (Coreidae) from

North America 191

KNAB, F.: Coquillett's "The Type Species of the North Ameri-
can Genera of Diptera" 197

RUSSELL, H. M. : Notes on the Geometrid Gypsochroa si tell at a

Guen ~ 177

TH» CORNMAN PRINTING Co.,
Carlislt, Pa.

102