> PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Volume XXI PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 1919 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXI Page ALDRICH, J. M.: Two new genera of A ntlwmyidae (Dipt.). . Klii BAKER, A. C.: The identity of Smynthurodes betae Westwood (Horn.). :;ii An undescribed species of Dryopea injurious to Phyl- lostachys (Aphididae Horn.) 104 BARBER, H. S. : Avocado seed weevils ~<:\ Bovixo, ADAM G., BUSCK, A., and CAUDELL, A. N.: Captain Allan Hinson Jen- nings 61 BURKE, H. E.: Notes on a cocoon making Colydiid (Coleopt.) 128 Notes on the California oak worm, Phryganidia ctili- fornica (Lepid.) 124 BUSCK, AUGUST : Two Microlepideptera injurious to strawberry 52 A Microlepidopteron injurious to Avocado 128 On some generic synonomy in the family Gelechiidae (Lep.) 94 A new species of BucculairiK injurious to Holly- hock (Lep.) 109 BUSCK, A., with CAUDELL, A. N., and HOWARD, L. O.: Frederick Knab.. 41 BUSCK, A., with BOVING, ADAM G., and PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Captain Allan Hinson ^ Jennings 61 BUSCK, AUGUST, HUNTER, W. D., and HEINRICH, CARL: Emerson Lis- cum Diven 177 CAUDELL, A. N. : Palmodes Praestans and its prey (Orth.) 40 CAUDELL, A. N., with BUSCK, A., and HOWARD, L. O.: Frederick Knab 41 CRAMPTON, G. C.: The genitalia and terminal abdominal structures of males, and the terminal abdominal structures of the larvae of " Chalastogastrous" Hymenoptera. . . 129 CUSHMAN, R. A.: New genera and species of Ichneumon flies (Hym.) 112 FISHER, W. S. : A new genus and species of Cerambycidae from Colo- rado (Coleo.) 38 Descriptions of a new genus and species of Burpres- tidae from Arizona (Col.) FISHER, W. S. : Descriptions of North American Ptinidae, with notes on an introduced Japanese species 181 Notes on Macrobasis murina Leconte (Coleo.) 1 GAHAN, A. B.: A new genus of Chalcid-wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae 2 A new species of the Serphidoid genus Dendrocerus (Hymenoptera) 121 CONTENTS GAHAN, A. B.: Descriptions of seven new species of Opius (Hymen- optera Braconidae) 161 GREENE, CHARLES T.: A new genus in Scatophagidae (Diptera) 126 HEINRICH, CARL, with BUSCK, A., and HUNTER, W. D.: Emerson Lis- cum Diven. . 177 HERBERT, FRANK B.: A new species of Matsucocctis from pines in Cali- fornia (Hemip.-Homop.) 157 HUNTER. W. D., with BUSCK, A., and HEINRICH, C.: Emerson Liscum Diven 1 77 HUTCHISON, R. H., and PIERCE, W. D.: Studies on the dry cleaning process as a means of de- stroying body lice 8 HOWARD, L. O., with CAUDELL, A. N., and BUSCK, A.: Frederick Knab 41 MALLOCK, J. R.: The generic status of Zodion palpalis Robertson (Dip- tera, Conopidae) with generic key to the family. . . . i'l)4 MORRISON, HAROLD: A report on a collection of Coccidae from Argen- tina, with descriptions of apparently new species (Horn.) 63 A new genus and species of Coccid from Lor- anthus (Hem. -Horn.) 1U7 MOSIER, C. A., and SNYDER, T. E.: Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the lower Ever- glades of Florida 186 PIERCE, W. DWIGHT: Contributions to our knowledge of the weevils of the superfamily Curculionoidea '2\ PIERCE, W. DWIGHT, with BUSCK, AUGUST, and BOVING, ADAM G.: Captain Allan Hinson Jennings 61 PIERCE, W. D., with HUTCHISON, R. H.: Studies on the dry cleaning process as a means of de- stroying body lice ROHWER, S. A.: Description of a new Cynipoid from Trinidad 1 ">(> Descriptions of three parasites of Agrilus angelic us (Hym.) 4 SHANNON, R. C., with SNYDER, T. E.: Notes on the insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Vir- ginia 110 SNYDER, T. E.: Some significant structural modifications in nearctic termites $7 SNYDER, T. E., with MOSIER, C. A.: Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the lower Everglades of Florida 186' II CONTENTS SNYDER, T. E., and SHANNON, R. C.: Notes on the insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Vir- ginia 110 TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI: Notes on some Japanese Aphididae 173 TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. : Notes on Leskiine synonymy (Dipt.). ... 20 WICKHAM, H. F. : Scaphinotus (Pseudonomaretus) mannii n. sp. (Cole- optera Carabidae) 170 Two new species of A saphidion from North Amer- ica (Coleoptera, Carabidae) 178 III VOL. 21 JANUARY 1919 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS FISHER, W. S. — NOTE ON MACROBASIS MURINA LECONTE (COLEO.) 1 GAHAN, A. B. — A NEW GENUS OF CHALCID-WASP BELONGING TO THE FAMILY EULOPHIDAE 2 HUTCHISON, R. H., AND PIERCE, W. D. STUDIES ON THE DRY CLEANING PROCESS AS A MEANS OF DESTROYING BODY LICE 8 ROHWER, S. A. — DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE PARASITES OF AGRILUS ANGELICUS (HYM.) 4 TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T. NOTE ON LESKIINE SYNONYMY (DIPT.) 20 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President. . A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary ^ R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor. . A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Science.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington,' D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 JANUARY, Hi Mi No. 1 NOTE ON MACROBASIS MURINA LECONTE (COLEO.j. BY W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Washington, D. C. In 1853 LeConte in his "Synopsis of the Meloides of the United States" (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, p. 344) described a species of Meloidae under the name Lytta marina from two male specimens from Lake Superior. When Dr. Horn wrote his "Re- vision of the Species of Several Genera of Meloidae of the United States" (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XIII, p. 92 (1873)) he placed this species as a synonym of Macrobasis unicolor Kirby with the following remark: "The species known as murina appears to be merely a badly developed form and not entitled to rank as a species." After this date the name has been dropped entirely from our lists. Among a lot of specimens received from Mr. F. E. Cobb, Mandan, North Dakota, there was a series of both sexes of this species which shows it to be quite distinct from unicolor, with which it has been placed as a synonym, and therefore, LeConte's name will have to be restored to our lists as a valid species. It is closely related to unicolor and at first glance may be mis- taken for a rubbed specimen of that species, but on closer ob- servation, it can be easily distinguished from that species by the sparse pubescence which is almost invisible on some of the specimens, allowing the surface of the elytra to be plainly seen and giving the beetle a blackish appearance, while in unicolor, the pubescence is more dense and conspicuous, nearly obscuring the surface of the elytra and giving the beetle a cinerous appearance. In murina the second joint of the antennae in the male is nearly as long as the following three joints united, slightly arcuate and com pressed, being twice as wide as the third which is cylindrical, while in unicolor the second joint in the male is scarcely as long as the following two joints united, straight and only slightly compressed. Mr. Cobb submitted specimens of both species with his letter of June 22, 1917, in which he writes, "These have been proving quite a serious menace to the Cara£ana sp. growing at tin- station. They appear to be two species. The medium and small black and PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 gray beetles breed with like color but do not cross, tho they have every appearance of being the same. They feed almost exclusively on the young growth and eat it entirely to the rib of the leaflets. There were a few seen last year but not to the extent to cause any special treatment for them." The species is represented in the collection of the U. S. National Museum by the following material : Eagle Harbor, Lake Superior, June (Hubbard & Schwarz); Eagle River, Lake Superior (Hub- bard & Schwarz); Marquette, Michigan, June and July (Hub- bard & Schwarz); Euclid, Minnesota, June 13, 1896 (R. P. Currie); Dakota (C. V. Riley, Coll.); Nebraska (H. Ulke); El- more, South Dakota, June and July (J. L. Webb) ; Mandan, North Dakota (F. E. Cobb). Dr. Paul Standley, Botanist of the Smithsonian Institution, has informed me that Caragana is a genus of trees found in southern Europe and Asia, which has been introduced into the United States for ornamental purposes and is sometimes known as the Pea Tree. A NEW GENUS OF CHALCID-WASP BELONGING TO THE FAMILY EULOPHIDAE. BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The new genus described below is remarkable among Eulophids because of the fact that it is practically wingless. This character at once distinguishes it from all other Eulophid genera known to the writer, with the exception of Melittobia. The latter genus is apterous or subapterous in the male sex only, while the new genus is wingless in the female. The male is unknown. The new genus is apparently not closely related to Melittobia since the antennal pedicel is longer, there are three distinct ring-joints and the funicle joints are more elongate; the scutellum is without any longitudinal grooves, the pronotum is shorter, the propodeum shorter and sculptured, while the general habitus of the insect is quite different, it being much more compact in appearance. The classification of the Eulophidae into subfamilies and tribes is largely based on wing venation which makes it extremely difficult to place this wingless form with any degree of accuracy. It appears however to belong to the subfamily Elachertinae, and to be very closely related to the genus Miotropis as represented by M. clisiocampae Ashmead. In fact, except for the undeveloped wings and a somewhat shorter propodeum it might well be con- sidered to belong to Miotropis. The new form is readily rec- ognized, however, and seems to be deserving of a new generic name which I have accordingly given it below. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 '.', Family EULOPHIDAE. Subfamily ELACHERTINAE. Apterolophus new genus. Antennae inserted at the clypeus, 11-jointcd, consisting of a slender scape, elongate pedicel, three distinct ring-joints, a .'j-jointed funicle, and a 3-jointed club. Head viewed from in front approximately as long as broad; antennal depression broad and deep, extending to the front ocellus; viewed from above the head is transverse, ocelli small, in an obtuse triangle, the lateral ocelli distant from the eye margins, occiput concave and immargined; ma idibles both tridentate, the ventral tooth acute and prominent, the two dorsal teeth very minute, dorsal margin of the mandible with a deep emargination near the middle; thorax somewhat flattened, pronotum short, more or less conical with a marginal row of about six stiff bristles; mesoscutum broader than long, only slightly convex, without a median groove, but with the parapsidal grooves deep and complete and with two pairs of stiff bristles on the prae- scutum, the axillae each with a single bristle; scutellum broader than long, only slightly convex, without any longitudinal grooves and with two pairs of widely separated bristles; metanotum short; propodeum short, granularly opaque, with a weak median longitudinal carina; wings reduced to mere scale-like appendages which barely extend beyond the base of abdomen; legs moderately slender, tarsi four-jointed, the hind tibiae apparently with two spurs, one of which is very minute; abdomen sessile, as viewed from above short, nearly circular in outline and usually broader than the thorax, the dor- sum nearly flat; ovipositor wholly concealed. Type of the genus. — Apterolophus pulchricornis, new species. Apterolophus pulchricornis, new species. Female. — Length .9 mm. Vertex and antennal depression smooth, checks and inner orbits very faintly sculptured; occiput finely reticulate; inesoscutum and scutellum faintly reticulate; metanotum and propodeum very fimlv granularly opaque; abdomen smooth. Antennal pedicel more than twice as long as thick and equal to or very slightly longer than the first funicle joint which is distinctly the longest of the funicle joints; joint two of the funicK1 very slightly longer than joint three, the latter about one and one-half times as long as thick; club conico-cylindrical, scarcely broader than the funicle, a little longer than the two preceding funicle joints combined and 3-jointi . ! the joints subequal in length; ring-joints all transverse, the third about twice as broad as long and approximately equal to the other two combined. Scape, pedicel, ring-joints and club white; funicle joints black; head black; entire thorax and all legs pale testaceous; abdomen brownish black. Male unknown. Type locality. — -Leeds, N. Y. Type.— Cat. No. 21910 U. S. N. M. 4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Type and five paratypes mounted on card points and one paratype on a slide. Also antennae and mandibles of a seventh paratype mounted on a slide. All of these specimens were taken in August, 1918, crawling over the body of what is believed to be the prepupal larva of Epargyeus tityrus collected by Dr. W. M. Mann. Although there is no positive proof to support the assertion that the species is parasitic upon Epargyeus, it is likely that these females were upon the caterpillar for the purpose of ovipositing. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE PARASITES OF AGRILUS ANGELICUS (HYM.). BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology. In a lot of Hymenopterous parasites of Agrilus angelicus Horn, recently submitted by H. E. Burke, were three new species. As it is desirable that their names be available, descriptions are presented herewith. Genus Ptinobius Ashmead. The antenna of the species of this genus has never been de- scribed and since they are unusual I take this opportunity to publish a figure of the antenna of each sex. The terminal joint is practically without sutures and the antenna appears to be eleven-jointed. Key to the species. 1. Propodeum covered with thimble-like punctures — magnificus (Ashmead) Propodeum smooth, polished 2. Hind femora metallic; a dusky band below the marginal vein califoniicus Crawford. Hind femora mostly ferruginous; area below the marginal vein hy- aline •> 2. Hind femora metallic; a dusky band below the marginal vein . . . . ; californicus Crawford. Hind femora mostly ferruginous; area below the marginal vein hy- aline o. Ocellocular line half as long as the interocular line; lateral furrows of propodeum foveolatc; area along median carina of propodeum punctured; the spot below the end of submarginal vein joining the band below the postmarginal vein .tcxuinis Crawford. Ocellocular line more than half as long as interocular line; lateral furrows of propodeum not foveolate; area along median carina smooth; spot below end of submarginal vein separated from the band below the postmarginal ii^ri/i Rohwer. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 O Ptinobius agrili, new species. Female. — Length 4.25 mm. The anterior margin of the clypcus slightly reflexed, medianly with two grooves which converge dorsally so if continued they would meet between the antennae; head reticulate, below the middle of the eyes the reticulation tends to become concentric from the clupeus; ocelli in a low triangle, the interocellar line somewhat longer than the ocellocu- lar line which is subequal with the greatest diameter of a lateral ocellus ; seen from in front the inner margins of the eyes are parallel dorsally but sharply divergent below the middle; antenna as in figure; notum reticulato-punctate, more coarsely so on scutum and axillae; pronotum twice as wide as posterior width; propodeum polished, with a strong median carina; spiracles oval, ANTENNA OF Ptinobius agrili ROHWER. twice as long as wide; prcpectus and mesopleurae reticulato-punctate; meta- pleurae smooth shining dorsally, rathej feebly sculptured ventrallv; hind coxae very large, shining, but covered with reticulations j.first tergite and apical margins of the following smooth and shining; basal middle of the second tergite, most of the third, fourth and fifth, reticulato-punctate; sixth tergite shining but with setigerous punctures. Head and thorax bron/.y green. abdomen green with purplish reflections; antennae, except black apical joint, and legs beyond coxae, except a metallic green spot on apccies of hind femora exteriorly, ferruginous; wings hyaline with a dusky spot below end of sub- 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. I, JAN., 1919 marginal, and a dusky band, which is broader in middle, below postmarginal; submarginal vein yellowish, remaining veins pale brown; body sparsely clothed with white hair. Male. — Length 2.5 mm. Besides the usual sexual and secondary sexual characters, the male differs from the female only in having the sculpture more decicate. Head and thorax metallic green with a bronzy tint; abdomen metallic blue; legs, except the yellowish tarsi, metallic green; scape green, remaining joints black; wings hyaline with an elongate dusky spot which extends nearly across wing below postmarginal. Type locality. — Palo Alto, California. Described from one female (type) and one male (allotype) reared from twigs of Ouercus agri folia infested by Agrilus angelicus and recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. 12707a8c. Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke. Also one paratype female reared from twigs of Ouercus agrifolia, infested by Agrilus angelicus, collected by A. G. Smith at Pasadena, California. Type.— Cat. No. 21994 U. S. Nat. Mus. Dinotus agrili, new species. This new species runs satisfactorily to the genus Dinotus in both Ashmead's and Kurdjumov's keys and agrees well with a European specimen of this genus received from G. Mayr. In the American species the stigmatical vein is somewhat less widened and the abdomen is more ovate. Female. — Length 2.5 mm. Head reticulato-punctate, more finely so on the vertex; interocellar line distinctly longer than the ocellocular line but not half as long as the postocellar line; antenna with three ring joints, the first funicle joint distinctly longer than any of the following which are of subequal length; club not prominent, broadly lanceolate, three jointed, the first two joints subequal the third shorter; pronotum narrow, sharply trun- cate anteriorly; mesonotum reticulato-punctate, the scutellum somewhat more finely so; propodeum shining, median and lateral carina^ prominent; mesepisternum and sides of propodeum reticulato-punctate; abdomen ovate, acute apically, shining; stigmatical vein greatly thickened apically the thick- ened part nearly trapezoidal in outline, the outer side of the vein but slightly thickened. Bronzy green with the Ifronze more prominent on scutellum and middle of the abdomen; scape, tibiae (except faint basal infuscation on the hind pair) the tarsi ferruginous; apices of hind tibiae whitish; wings hyaline, venation pale brown. Type locality. — Pasadena, California. Described from four females (one type) reared by H. E. Burke from twigs of Ouercus agrifolia infested by Agrilus angelicus collected by A. G. Smith. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 7 Material recorded under Bureau of Entomology Xo. Hopk. U. S. 1306Sa4*. Type.— Cat. No. 21993 U. S. Nat. Mus. Doryctes maculipennis, new species. The spotted wings will readily distinguish this species from any of its allies. Ashmead had given this species a manuscript name after one of its hosts, but since it has more than one host it seems to be desirable to chose a different name and I know of no Braconid which can more appropriately be called maculipennis. Female. — Length 3.5; ovipositor beyond abdomen 1.25 mm. Head slightly narrowing posteriorly, smooth and shining, practically without punctures; dorsal aspect of pronotum granular; scutum granular with faint aciculations laterally, and medianly irregularly roughened; suture in front of the scutellum without regular rugae; scuttellum more shining than the scutum, with a few raised lines; propodeum shining dorsally and with fine, scattered punc- tures; median and transverse carinae rather well defined; mesepisternum mostly smooth and shining; first recurrent one-fifth its length basad of first intercubitus; second intercubitus obsolesent; second and third abcissae of radius subequal in length; nervulus postfurcal by nearly its length; first two and base of third tergites granular and in addition with irregular wrinkles which are stronger basally; apical part of third and all the remaining tergites smooth and shining; ovipositor about half as long as the abdomen. Black; legs and an obscure U-shaped band on second tergite piceous; wings hyaline, the anterior wing with many fuscous spots arranged thus; along basal and extending into submedian cell apically, along first abcissa of cubitus, on both sides of first abcissa of radius and in first cubital behind first intercubitus, longitudinal line in second cubital, subcircular spot a basal middle of third cubital, subquadrate spot at anterior middle of radial, spot on both sides at apex of radius, spot in apical middle of third cubital, two spots in branchical cell, one near base and other near apex, and both sides of recurrent; venation dark brown. Body sparsely covered with rather long white hair. Male. — Length 3.5 mm. Other than the usual sexual differences agrees with the female. Paratypes show that the strength of the irregular lines on the tergites varies with the size of the specimen, and that the exact size of the fuscous wing spots may vary. In one specimen the apical spots are so enlarged as to be almost confluent. Type locality. — Shingle- Springs, California. Described from two females (one type) and two males (one allotype) reared from cocoons taken in the larval mines of a species of Antlm.\'ia work- ing in redbud (Celtic ivnifonnis). Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. I'. S. 12719 b1 (type and two males) and 12719 />-. ' PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Other localities. — Palo Alto, California. Three females and three males recorded under Bureau of Entomology Nos. Hopk. U. S. 12707 el and 12707 es. Material collected and reared by H. E. Burke who notes it is parasitic on Agrilus angelicus living in twigs of Ouercus agrifolia. Chirichaua Mountains, Arizona. Two females and three males reared by H. G. Hubbard under his number 7451° which states it is parasitic on Chramesws n. sp., mining in Robinia neomexicana. Type.— Cat. No. 21991, U. S. Nat. Mus. STUDIES ON THE DRY CLEANING PROCESS AS A MEANS OF DES- TROYING BODY LICE. BY R. H. HUTCHISON AND W. D. PIERCE, Bureau of Entomology. At the request of Dr. H. E. Mechling, Chief of the Dry Cleaning Branch, Salvage Division, in the office of the Director of Purchase and Storage, Q. M. C., U. S. Army, we have undertaken a series of tests to determine the efficiency of the dry cleaning processes as a means of freeing garments of the body lice, Pediadus humanus, var. corporis (vestimenti) . In this work we were influenced by the following consideration; namely, that there is serious objection to treatment of wool uniforms, overcoats or other woolen dress goods by steam under pressure on account of the resulting shrink- age and actual damage to the material. Fulton and Staniford1 have shown how the steam sterilization method can be modified to avoid such damage, but their process requires very careful observation and a skilled operator. If, then, the dry cleaning process is effective in destroying lice and nits, it is unquestionably a better practice for the treatment of infested woolens in that there is no tendency to shrinkage nor damage to the goods, while in addition cleansing and sterilizing is effected. We include in this article the substance of our reports to Doctor Mechling concerning the practical dry cleaning experiments and have added the results of certain laboratory tests made to elucidate certain points which came up in the course of the work. It is published with the hope that it will be of interest and of some value, not only to those concerned with the care of the soldiers during demobilization, but also to quarantine, immigration, jail, hospital, and public health officials who may have to consider delousing measures in the course of their work. Our results will also serve to correct erroneous impressions which may have been 1 Fulton, D., & Staniford, K. J. The Sterilization of Woolen Blankets and Uniforms. Journ. Am. Med. Assn., vol. 71, no. 10, pp. XL'o-SLM , Si'pt. 7, 1918. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. 21, NO. I, JAX., 1919 9 gained from certain published statements concerning the value of gasoline as a vermicide. The Dry Cleaning Process. We investigated what is known as the open rotary washer system, as specified by the Dry Cleaning Branch, Salvage Division, O. M. C. The specifications read as follows: ( )PEN ROTARY WASHER SYSTEM : (1) a. Goods shall be washed in Benzole, Naphtha or (.inxn/inc, specific gravity of which shall not be less than 56 degrees by Hydrometer test. b. One gallon of cleaning fluid shall be used to every two pounds of goods. c. Two ounces of Standard dry cleaning soap shall he used to every ten pounds of goods. d. One ounce of 26% ammonia shall be used to every twenty-live pounds of goods. e. All goods shall be washed 30 minutes and rinsed 15 minutes. /. All clothing must be extracted for a period of not less than 3 minutes between the wash and the rinse. g. Cleaning or washing fluid to be used once; rinsing fluid once, only for rinsing, after which it may be used for washing fluid, once only, by adding soap and ammonia as specified in paragraphs (b) and (c). h. All cleaning fluid used for washing shall be new, distilled or ciirined. i. All cleaning fluid used for rinsing shall be new or distilled. j. After cleaning, all goods shall be inspected and all spots removed by a process known as "spotting," after which, if garments are not satisfactory, they shall be steam cleaned by the following method: Goods to be immersed in water at temperature of hand heat, which contains enough carbonated soda to soften the water, after which they shall be brushed with a neutral soap mid water at hand heat, after which they shall be rinsed in two waters at hand heat and dried, as in (2c). (2) a. After goods are cleaned they shall be run in a drying tumbler at a temperature not less than 160 degrees for 30 minutes, the tempera- ture to be taken at point of discharge of air from tumbler. b. If a dry room is used, goods, after being thoroughly dried and de- odorized, shall hang in the dry room at a temperature of not less than 160 degrees for 30 minutes, after which they shall be run in a dust wheel for 20 minutes. c. After goods are wet cleaned, they shall be dried in drying rooms m open air at a temperature not exceeding Kill drives Fahrenheit (71.1° C.). The Smith system of dry cleaning differs only slightly from the open rotary washer system, and the conclusions reached from the study of the open rotary washer system will apply equulK to the Smith system. 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., IQIQ In the Barbe system goods are washed in gasoline heated by means of a steam jacket surrounding the washer, and it is re- quired that the goods be dried for 70 minutes at a temperature of 210° F. (98.8° C.) as registered on the upper gauge inserted through the side of the machine insulated from the steam jacket. The temperature requirements of this system are so high that it is obviously efficient in destroying both lice and their eggs. Practical Dry Cleaning Experiments. Practical experiments under actual dry cleaning conditions were made at a commercial establishment in Washington.1 The com- plete process was tested as follows: Experiment i. Complete process. The washer used was a standard dry cleaning rotary washer measuring 32" X 50". About 15" of gasoline was let into the machine. The fluid used was clarified gasoline at a temperature of 65° F. (18° C.) and gave a hydrometer reading of 60° Baume. A load of 45 pounds of goods was put in. About one-half pound of standard dry cleaning soap and two ounces of ammonia were used. With this load were placed two army O. D. wool shirts. One of these contained in the right hand pocket a small piece of cloth to which were attached 107 eggs, 1-3 days old; in the left hand pocket, 102 eggs, 5-7 days old. The load was washed for thirty minutes, then extracted for about three minutes in a basket centrifugal wringer. This shirt with the rest of the load was then rinsed in new gasoline for fifteen minutes, and again extracted. Then followed drying in the tumbler. The temperature in the tumbler as read at the exhaust rose minute by minute as follows : 56.0°, 01.1°, 63.0°, 65.5°, 06.6°, 68.3°, G9"7°, 70.8°, 71.1° C. In other words the requisite minimum of 71° C. was reached in about ten minutes. We did not follow the specifications of leav- ing the goods in the tumbler for thirty minutes, but reduced the time to fifteen minutes measured from the time that 71 ° C. was first reached. After five minutes the temperature was 75.8°; after ten minutes, 79.7° ; after fifteen minutes, 83.3 ° C. The goods were then removed from the tumbler, and the eggs were removed from the shirt and returned to pill boxes and kept in an incubator at body surface temperature, i. e., at about 28° to 30° C. Check lots of untreated eggs were kept under the same incubator conditions. The hatching record was as follows: 1 The writers are indebted to Mr. Bert Carter of tin- Curmack Pry Cleaning Company for providing all fucilitii s for these tests. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAX., IQIQ 11 In right pocket, 107 eggs 1-3 days old, 0 hatched, 0%, com- pletely collapsed. Untreated check, 103 eggs 1-3 days old, 65 hatched, 63.1%. In left pocket, 102 eggs 5-7 days old, 0 hatched, 0%, com- pletely collapsed. Untreated check, 91 eggs 57 days old, 48 hatched, 52.7%. The results showed that the eggs subjected to the complete process were entirely destroyed. Further experiments proved that the heat of the dry tumbler is an essential factor in the process. The first steps in the process can not be counted upon to destroy all eggs. This is clearly shown in the following experiments: Experiment 2. Wash and rinse only. A shirt containing in the pockets two lots of eggs, A and B, was treated as follows: Washed 30 minutes in gasoline-soap-ammonia ; temperature of 18.3 ° C Extracted 3 minutes Rinsed !•"> minutes in new gasoline at 18.3° C. 1 Extracted 3 minutes The hatching record of these eggs and of their untreated checks is as follows: Number of Number Percentage eggs. Age. hatched, hatched. Remarks. A. M 1 -3 days 1 l.l'.i', Embryo fully formed in a B 100 3-5 days 1 1% few others Check for A 54 1-3 days 43 79 . 6% Check for B 100 3-3 days 52 52% Experiment 3. Wash and rinse only. In another experiment we prolonged the wasli to 45 minutes. One O. D. wool shirt was used with a small load of about ten pounds of goods. The shirt contained the following experimental ma- terial : A. In left pocket, 102 eggs, 5-7 days old. B. In right pocket, 103 eggs, 1-3 days old. 16 lice in chiffon sack. It was treated as follows : Washed 4.~> minutes in clarified gasoline at 18° C. with the addition of Vz pint of ammonia and about 2 ounces of dry cleaning soap KxtraeU-d ."• minutes. Rinsed 1"> minutes in ne\v :-,;iM>line at IS" C. I {\ traded .j minutes. 12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., On removal all the lice were dead and soon took on a dark brown color and shriveled appearance. The eggs were returned to pill boxes and kept in an incubator at 30° C. The hatching record obtained was: A 102 eggs 69 hatched 67 . 6% Check 75 eggs 70 hatched 93 . 3% B 130 eggs 102 hatched 78.4% Check 64 eggs 35 hatched 54 . 7% The results show that the wash and rinse in gasoline may be counted on to destroy adult and immature stages of lice, but that a high percentage of the eggs may survive a total period of one- hour immersion. It was thus shown that the high temperature of the dry tumbler is an essential factor in the dry cleaning process for the destruction of the nits. Since the specifications above quoted require the use of the dry tumbler by those doing contract work for the army, it may be stated positively that the complete process is effective in destroying both the lice and their more resistant eggs. Under other circumstances, however, it is possible that a dry tumbler might not be used, but that the clothing after ex- traction might be dried in the open air or in a drying room in which temperatures might be too low to render destruction complete. With this consideration in mind we conducted further experi- ments to determine whether the washing process itself could be so modified as to insure complete destruction of the eggs without depending at all on high temperatures. In view of the probability that an oil heavier than gasoline would kill vermin more quickly, it was decided to try washing in a heavier oil and then rinsing in gasoline. The gasoline used in the above experiments had a specific gravity of 60° Baume. Kerosene gives a hydrometer reading of about 45° Baume. By mixing kerosene and gasoline in approxi- mately equal parts, we obtained an oil of about 52° Baume. This was used in the following experiments as the washing fluid: Experiment 4. Gasoline-kerosene wash only. One O. D. wool coat with eggs in the pockets was Washed 30 minutes in 52° oil at temperature of 15° C. ca. 4 oz. dry cleaning soap, ca. 2 oz. ammonia. The eggs were then removed from the pockets and were not subjected to any further treatment, but were partially dried by blotting with dry cloth and returned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator at 28-30° C. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 !•'! Hatching Record. In left pocket, 122 eggs, 3-5 days old, none hatched. In right pocket, 225 eggs, 1-3 days old, none hatched. Check lots, 1 15 eggs, 3-5 days old, 76 hatched, (50%. 160 eggs, 1-3 days old, 152 hatched, 95%. Experiment 5. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse. Another coat with eggs in the pockets was Washed 15 minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed In minutes in gasoline (60° Baume). The eggs were removed after the rinse and returned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator. Hatching Record. In left pocket, ca. 250 eggs, 3-5 days old, 62 hatched, 25%. In right pocket, ca. 325 eggs, 1-3 days old, 202 hatched, 62.1% Check lots, same as for Experiment 4. Experiment 6. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse. Another coat with eggs was Washed ,.':>() minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed 15 minutes in gasoline (60° Baume). Eggs were then removed from pockets and kept under same conditions as in previous experiments. Hatching Record. In left pocket, 160 eggs, 3-5 days old, 23 hatched, 14.3%. In right pocket, 140 eggs, 1-3 days old, 66 hatched, 47.1%. Check lots, same as in Experiment 4. Experiment 7. Gasoline-kerosene wash and gasoline rinse-. Another coat with eggs was Washed 45 minutes in same fluid as Experiment 4. Extracted. Rinsed 15 minutes in gasoline (b'U° Baume). Eggs were then removed from the pockets and kept under the same conditions as in previous experiments. Hatching Record. In left pocket, 175 eggs, 35 days old, 19 hatched, 10.8%. In right pocket, 128 eggs, 1 3 days old, 37 hatched, 28.9%. Check lots, same as Experiment 4. 14 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 The results of this series of experiments may be stated as fol- lows: 1. A thirty-minute wash in 52° Baume oil, when not followed by rinsing or any treatment other than extraction, prevented all eggs from hatching (Experiment 4). 2. When a 15-minute rinse in 60° Baume gasoline followed the 15-, 30-, and 45-minute wash in the 52° Be. oil, a considerable percentage of eggs hatched in each case. 3. The records of Experiments 5 to 7, as tabulated below, show a progressive decrease in the percentage of eggs hatching as time of the washing period is increased. IVriod of time ir> washing fluid of 52° Baume, followed by 15 minutes' rinse in 60° Baume oil. Untreated r~ checks. 15 min. 30 min. 45 min. Percentage hatching of eggs 3-5 days old 66% 25% 14.3% 10.8% Percentage hatching of eggs 1-3 days old 95% 62.1% 47.1% 28,'."', 4. It is concluded therefore, that washing in heavier oil (52° Baume), when followed at once by rinsing in gasoline, is of no practical value as far as the destruction of the eggs is con- cerned. It was suggested by a correspondent (J. E. Fox, Great Falls Dye House, Great Falls, Mont., letter dated October 14, 1918) that infested clothing be soaked in kerosene for 24 hours, then ex- tracted and dry cleaned in the usual manner. He states that after some experiments along this line some years ago, this plan was adopted by his firm, as it appeared to kill both lice and nits and it offered a further advantage in that certain greases responded more readily to the kerosene than to gasoline. We did not have opportunity to try out this method on a practical scale, but in some laboratory tests detailed below it was found that a 24-hour soaking in kerosene followed by rinsing in gasoline was not effec- tive in preventing all hatching of eggs. Laboratory Tests with Oils. A series of laboratory tests was carried out in order to de- termine more exactly the killing power of oils of different specific gravity. It was considered especially important to check up the results with gasoline. Kinloch (Brit. Med. Jl., No. 2842, pp. 1038-41. June 19, 1915) states that "it has so far been found impossible to revive the lice or rear the eggs after immersion in petrol for one minute." Grubbs (1916, Reprint No. 370 U. S. Public Health Reports) has evidently been mislead by Kinlock's statement in devising a gasoline-soap emulsion for bathing the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAX., 1919 15 body of infested persons. The results of our tests show clearly that neither gasoline nor gasoline-soap emulsion are of any value in destroying nits. In these as in previous tests eggs of known age obtained from laboratory reared animals were used. Pieces of cloth to which the eggs were attached were immersed in the oil for varying periods of time, and on removal were dried between blotters (thus ap- proximating the extraction of the dry cleaning process) and re- turned to pill boxes and kept in the incubator at a temperature of 28-30° C. Experiments with Gasoline, 60° Baume. Temperature of oil. Number of eggs. Age at Number Percentage treatment, hatched, hatched. 25.5° C. ca. 290 6-8 days 191 65.. V, 25.5° C. ca. 300 6-8 days 174 ~,v' .),> , 25.5° C. ca. 200 6-8 days 98 4'.)', 25. 5° C. ca. 235 6-8 days 86 36.ii', 25° C. 180 5-7 days 79 43. X', 25° C. 104 5-7 days 30 28.: s', 25° C. 280 5-7 days 158 56.4% .5-26. 5° C. 150 3-5 days 35 23.3% 20-27° C. 245 1-3 days 79 32.2% .5-26.5° C. 155 3-5 days 1 0.6% 20-27° C. 540 1-3 days 101 18.7', Treat rnent. Immersed for period of 30 minutes 1 hour 1 ' ''._. hours 12 hours 3 hours 4 hours 21 hours l'(i' '.hours 23 50 hours 52 '/z hours 23 54 hours . . In another series we used a mixture of about 2 parts gasoline and 1 part kerosene having a specific gravity of 56° Baume. Hatching has occurred in all tests after immersion for periods of from two minutes to seventeen hours. Longer immersion tests have not been completed and the minimum time required to effect destruction of the eggs is as yet undetermined. When gasoline and kerosene are mixed in approximately equal parts, the resulting mixture has a specific gravity of 52° Baume. Tests with this mixture showed 2.6% hatching after a 5-minute immersion, but no hatching after immersion periods of from 10 minutes to one hour. A 48° Baume mixture (about 2 parts kerosene and 1 part gasoline) killed all eggs after lo minutes or longer periods of im- mersion. After 10 minutes, 2 out of 240 eggs or 0.8% hatched; 1.2', hatched after 2 minutes' immersion. The kerosene used in this series gave a hydrometer reading of 44° Baume. The following records will be of interest for com- parison with gasoline: 1C) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 Experiments with Kerosene, 44° Baume. Temperature of Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. oil. eggs. treatment, hatched hatched. Immersed for period of 2 minutes 25° C. 195 5-7 days 1 0.51', 2 minutes.. 25° C. 330 5-7 days 43 13.0', 5 minutes.. 25° C. 87 5-7 days 0 0 5 minutes 25° C. 255 5-7 days 3 1.17', 10 minutes. . 25° C. 235 5-7 days 0 0 15 minutes... 25° C. 138 5-7 days 0 0 15 minutes 25° C. 550 5-7 days 0 0 15 minutes . 25° C. 360 1-3 days 0 0 30 minutes.. 26° C. 85 4-6 days 0 0 45 minutes... 26° C. 175 4-6 days 0 0 1 hour. 26° C. 105 4-6 days 0 0 H/2 hours 26° C. ca. 280 4-6 days 0 0 The above series of oils are .discussed in the order of increasing specific gravity but it must not be inferred that there is any relation between the specific gravity and ovicidal properties.1 A sample of benzol was used which was heavier than kerosene, having a specific gravity of 30.5° Baume. The following experi- ments indicate that it does not act as quickly as the 52° Baume gasoline-kerosene mixture : Experiments with Benzol. Temperature Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. of oil. eggs. treatment hatched. hatched. Immersed for period of 15 minutes 23. 5° C. ca. 125 0-4 days 66 52. S' , 30 minutes.. 23. 5° C. ca. 200 0-4 days 127 63.5', 45 minutes.. 23.5°C. ca. 250 0-4 days 238 95. L", 1 hour. 23. 5° C. ca. 200 0-4 days 50 25 .<)' , 2 hours.. 23. 5° C. ca. 260 5-7 days 0 0 4 hours... 23.5°C. ca. 350 5-7 days 0 0 Further experiments with this oil are necessary before any definite statement can be made. If it is effective against eggs of 1 The Baume scale is used in the trade. The more scientific specific gravity equivalents for the Baume degrees mentioned in this paper are as follows: 30.5° Baume .... .... 0.875s g 44° ... 0 SOD s. g. 48° . . 0.7i'2 s. g. 52° ... 0.775s. g. 56° 0.75S s g 60° . 0.74:! s. g. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 17 all ages and conditions after '2 hours' immersion it could be used for a two-hour preliminary soaking of clothing followed by the usual dry cleaning process. If this proves to be the case it will provide what we sought, namely, a washing process which is effective in itself without depending on high temperatures of the tumbler.1 The method of soaking in kerosene and then washing in gasoline as suggested by Mr. J. E. Fox was tested under varying labora- tory conditions. Eggs were immersed for periods of from 2 to 5 minutes, then partially dried between blotters. Twenty-one and one-half hours later they were immersed in gasoline for If) minutes. They were also soaked in kerosene for 24 hours and then immersed in gasoline for 2 hours. The following table includes for comparison one record of immersion for 15 minutes in kerosene followed at once by 15 minutes in gasoline: Kerosene Followed by Gasoline Rinse. Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. eggs. treatment. hatched. hatched. Immersion in kerosene 2 minutes and after 21 '/•-> hours soaked in gasoline 15 minutes 300 5-7 days 150 50' , Kerosene 5 minutes then after 121' '-, hours soaked in gasoline 15 minutes .. 150 5-7 days 40 26. (!' ,' Kerosene 15 minutes then rinsed at once in gasoline 15 minutes. 460 5-7 days 215 46.7', Kerosene for 24 hours then rinsed at once in gasoline for 2 hours 5 Id 5-7 days 225 44 . 1 ' , In another series of experiments with the 52° Baume gasoline- kerosene mixture, similar results were obtained; that is, the 52° oil alone was effective in 15 minutes, but when this 15 minutes' immersion was followed by rinsing in gasoline, from .'}().(>% to 57.7% of the eggs hatched. It seemed to make no difference whether the gasoline rinse followed at once or after an interval of 24 hours. On the strength of these laboratory tests, therefore, we are of the opinion that a preliminary 24-hour soaking in either 52° Baume mixture or in kerosene will not render the washing process entirely effective in destroying eggs. Gasoline-Soap Emulsion. Grubbs' gasoline-soap emulsion, mentioned above, was de- 1 Further experiments, completed since the above was written, show that 2 to 4 hours' immersion in benzol is entirely effective in destroying eggs, and subsequent washing and rinsing in gasoline does not neutralize this effecl IS PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 vised for the purpose of treating the bodies of infested immigrants, while their clothing and effects were fumigated. Gasoline rather than kerosene was used in this emulsion on the strength of certain published statements (probably Kinloch's) as to the effectiveness of gasoline. Our results with gasoline led us to question the value of the gasoline-soap emulsion. Laboratory tests were therefore carried out with emulsions made according to Grubbs' formula and used under conditions approximating the bathing procedure described by him. The stock emulsion is made of Soap 1 part Water 4 parts Gasoline 4 parts The soap is dissolved in water by heating, then after removal from the fire, the gasoline is stirred in until a good emulsion of creamy consistency is formed. Before use this stock is diluted in 5 to 10 parts water. We prepared two emulsions, one made with a cheap grade of laundry soap and the other with a so-called insecticidal soap of the formula Fuel oil 25.70', Paraffin oil 8.57', Oleic acid 42.16% NaOH solution, 32 ° Baume 23 . 57% In both cases the stock was diluted in five parts water before the tests. The cloth with eggs attached was immersed in the emulsion for periods of from 5 to 30 minutes, all of which are longer periods of contact than would obtain in Grubbs' pro- cedure in which a tank and shower bath followed immediately after spraying the body. In our tests the eggs were rinsed 1 to 2 minutes in water after removal from the emulsion, dried between blotters and returned to the incubator. A check was run with insecticidal soap alone. Twenty-five grams of the soap were dissolved in 200 cc. of water and this stock diluted in four parts water. The results are given in the following table : Gasoline-Soap Emulsion. Temperature of Number of Age at Number Percentage Treatment. emulsion. eggs, treatment, hatched, hatched. Gasoline-soap emulsion followed by 1 -minute rinse in water : 5 minutes 29 .5-32° C. 122 5-7 days 50 41', 10 minutes 29 .5-32° C. 02 5-7 days 14 22 .5% 15 minutes 29 .5-32° C. 180 5-7 days 99 55% 20 minutes 21) .5-32° C. ca. 220 5-7 days 132 tiO' , PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 19 25 minutes 29 .5-32° C. ca. 130 5-7 days 64 49 .2% 30 minutes 29. 5-32° C. ca. 200 5-7 days 2.5% Gasoline insecticidal soap emulsion, then rinsed in water for 2 minutes: 5 minutes 31 ° C. 126 4-6 days 81 64 .2% 10 minutes 31 ° C. ca. 240 4-6 days 181 75 .4% 20 minutes 31 ° C. ca. 185 4-6 days 165 89 .2% 30 minutes 31 ° C. ca. 225 4-6 days 91 40 .4 ' , Insecticidal soap alone followed by rinse in water : 5 minutes 23. 5° C. 90 .5-7 days 42 46.0', 10 minutes 23 .5° C. 82 5-7 days 47 57.3% 20 minutes 23. 5° C. ca. 180 5-7 days 150 83.3', 30 minutes 23 .5° C. ca. 210 5-7 days 201 95.7% The results indicate that the gasoline-soap emulsion has little or no effect in destroying eggs of body lice. Conclusions. 1. The open rotary washer system of dry cleaning, when done according to the specifications quoted, is entirely effective in destroying both the active stages and the eggs of body lice and has additional advantages in the cleansing of the garments and absence of shrinkage. 2. The high temperature required in the drying tumbler was found to be essential for the destruction of the eggs. 3. The wash and rinse in gasoline are effective in destroying active stages but a large percentage of the eggs will survive this part of the process. 4. Gasoline itself is of no value as an ovicide, 18.7% of the eggs in one test hatched after 54 hours' immersion in gasoline. 5. An attempt to find a washing formula which of itself would be effective without depending on the high temperature of the drying tumbler was not successful, although results of one experi- ment with benzol, 30.5° Baume, indicated that the oil could be used for this purpose, if infested garments were soaked 2 to 4 hours before washing. 6. A preliminary soaking in kerosene or in a 52° Baume kero- sene-gasoline mixture followed by washing in gasoline was found in laboratory tests to be ineffective. 7. Laboratory tests with a series of oils showed that benzol (30.5° Baume) killed after 2-4 hours' immersion; kerosene (44° Be.) killed within 10 minutes; gasoline-kerosene mixtures 20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. I, JAN., 1919 (48° Be. and 52° Be.) killed after 15 minutes; a 56° Be. mixture did not kill within 17 hours. Gasoline did not kill all eggs after 54 hours' immersion. 8. When immersion in any of the heavier oils was followed by a rinse in gasoline, hatching occurred. 9. Gasoline-soap emulsion was found to have little killing effect on eggs even after 30 minutes' immersion. NOTE ON LESKIINE SYNONYMY (DIPT.). BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND. Mr. H. E. Smith's paper in Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, XIX, 122-6, calls for correction. My paper in Proc. U. S. N. M., vol. 49, 617-33 (wrongly referred to as Smiths. Misc. Colls.), was not intended as a revision of Coquillett's species in their entirety in any given group but simply as a means of erecting genera wherever needed. Hence only genotypes were mentioned. The following is the synonymy of the species mentioned under Leskia in the Aldrich catalogue, exclusive of Wulp's species which must await further material: Dexia analis Say belongs without doubt to Dejeaniopalpus T. Myobia depile Coq. equals Dexia diadema Wied., which is a Leskiopalpus T. The species ranges from Florida through Mexico to Brazil. L. calidus T. is a northern form. There is a type specimen of depile in the U. S. N. M. from Jacksonville, Fla. Dexia flavipennis Wied. is also a Leskiopalpus. It occurs in South America and the West Indies. Myobia flavipennis Wulp (nee Wied.) equals Stomoxys cothur- nata Wd. vel sp. aff. and is a Stomatodexia BB. Drepanoglossa occidentalis Coq. equals Masicera eucerata Bigot, which is the genotype of Sipholeskia T. Myobia gilensis T. is a Sipholeskia and very close to eucerata. It differs, however, in the pale brassy mesoscutum, golden scutellum and distinctly yellowish tegulae, and evidently re- presents a distinct form inhabiting the mountain regions from New Mexico to Chihuahua, while eucerata is the Pacific slope form. Myobia thecata Coq. does not belong in this tribe. It is allied to Telothyria Wp. Finally, Siphoclytia T. (type, robcrtsonii T.) belongs in the Leskiini; Drepanoglossa T. (type, litcens T.) belongs in the Cro- cutini; Epigrimyia T. (type, polita T.) belongs in the Cylindro- myiini. Actual Date of Publication, February 24, ipio. VOL. 21 FEBRUARY 1919 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BAKER, A. C. — THE IDENTITY OF SMYNTHURODES BETAE WEST. (HON.) 36 CAUDELL, A. N. — PALM ODES PRAESTANS AND ITS PREY (ORTH.) 40 FISHER, W. S. — A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE FROM COLORADO (COLEO.) 38 PIERCE, W. DWIGHT. — CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE WEEVILS OF THE SUPERFAMILY CURCULIONOIDEA . .... 21 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second V ice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-P 'resident of the Washington Academy of Science.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY- PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 FEBRUARY, 1919 No. 2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE WEEVILS OF THE SUPERFAMILY CURCULIONOIDEA. BY W. DWIGHT PIERCE. In 1916 the writer1 published a synopsis of the classification of the Rhynchophora which he has adopted as far as the division into superfamilies is concerned, leaving the details as to lower groups for future discussions. It is of course to be understood that continued studies of morphological and biological characters may lead to many modifications in the system now in use. A number of general observations of importance have been made which may be mentioned at this time and will be followed up from time to time by detailed studies. 1. The structure of the larvae and pupae of weevils is of very great importance in the taxonomy of the group. 2. All the species of weevil larvae and pupae so far studied can be identified and separated from each other by good charac- ters. 3. It will ultimately be possible for the systematist to identify whatever larvae are submitted, at least to the genus. Such in- formation if quickly obtained may save months of time. 4. The characters of the immature stages will often decide doubtful questions as to the location of a group in the classifica- tion. One such example is the finding that Gymnaetron is related to Anthonomus. 5. The use of the thoracic sclerites is of greater importance even than was ascribed to them by LeConte and Horn, but \\v have much detailed work to do before beginning a more extensive use of these characters. 6. The genera of weevils are usually definitely defined groups separable not only on morphological but also on biological char- acters. The writer has found a number of genera, such as Rhyn- chites and Apion, which contain many subgenera, to be really separable into valid genera on the basis of both habit and struc- ture. 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, No. 2159, pp. 461-464, Dec. 21 22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 7. No genus or larger group should be studied alone from the standpoint of a single geographic region or subdivision. We must take into account the occurrence of the group in other parts of the world and the work done upon it elsewhere. Our American classification has yet to be coordinated with the European. In the present paper part of that coordination is attempted. The present paper is divided into several separate titles which represent, one might say, building materials for the erection of the structure of weevil classification. I. A SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CURCTJLION- OIDEA. Superfamily Curculionoidea Hopkins (1911). Table of families of Curculionoidea. 1. Mandibles with deciduous tip, leaving a scar; mentum generally large and covering the maxillae ; beak more or less robust, never slender and filiform; scrobes attaining, or almost so, the commissure of the mouth 1 PSALLIDIIDAE Pierce. Mandibles without deciduous piece; mentum often very small, maxillae free 2 . Prosternum not sulcate between the coxae, which are usually con- tiguous (Synmerida) 3 Anterior coxae more or less distant (Apostasimerida) 7 3 . Pygidium always covered by elytra; tarsal claws connate or free, never appendiculate 4 Pygidium exposed, or in default, tarsal claws appendiculate (Py- gidophora) 6 4. Metasternum very short; metathoracic episternum narrow (Brachy- stetha) Metasternum more or less elongate; metathoracic episternum at least moderately large (Macrostetha) 4 HYPERIDAE Pierce. 5 . Submentum not pedunculate ; tibiae unarmed, very rarely and then briefly mucronate at apex 2 PSAUDURIDAE Pierce. Submentum pedunculate 3 LIPARIDAE, new family. 6 . Abdominal segments not angulate at sides . . 5 CURCULIONIDAE Leach. Abdominal segments angulate at sides b1 CIONIDAE, new family. 7. Antennal club articulated; third joint of tarsi bilobed (Aulacostetha) . Antennal club compact; third joint of tarsi almost always entire (Cyclopoda) 9 8. Mesothoracic epimera not ascending 7 OROBITIDAE Pierce. Mesothoracic epimera ascending. . . .8 CRYPTORHYNCHIDAE Pierce. 9 . Pygidium exposed 9 RYNCHOPHORIDAE Pierce. Pygidium covered 10 COSSONIDAE Shuckard. The classification thus proposed follows very closely that of Lacordaire, differing principally by the higher rank of the groups PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 and the difference in nomenclature. The generic nomenclature has received very careful attention by the writer and is in strict adherence to the rules of nomenclature and the opinions of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. In the following discussion the type genera are considered only. i. Family Psallidiidae Pierce (1916). Otiorhynchidae LeConte (1S74). Brachyrrhinidae Bedel (1885). Brachyrhinidae Pierce (1913). Psallidiidae Pierce (1916). The North American classification is treated by the writer in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 45, pp. 372-426, May 23, 11)13. Type genus. — Psallidium (Hellwig) Illiger, 1798, Verzeichniss der Kafer Preussens, p. 497. Type — maxillosus Fabricius, designated by Schonherr (1826) in Cure. Disp. Meth., and (1833) in Gen. et Sp. Cure. The genus has generally been dated from Illiger (1807) in which it is also spelled Psallidium, or from Schonherr (1826) where it is spelled Psalidinm. It is the oldest genus in the family, antedating Brachyrhinus Latreille (1802). 2. Family Psaliduridae Pierce (1916). Amycteridae MacLeay (1866). Psaliduridae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I, Section A, group I (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 290). Type genus. — Psalidura Fischer, 1823, Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., vol. 6, p. 265. Type — mirabilis Kirby, monotypic. Amycterus (Dalman) Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 202, has as its type, mirabilis Kirby, by original designation, and is hence as isogenotypic synonym of Psalidura. It is therefore necessary to rename the genus known as Amycterus in our literature. Pseudamycterus, new genus. Amycterus auct., and Gemminger and Harold, 1871, Cat. Coleop., p. 2342 (not Amycterus Schonherr, 1826). Type. — Amycterus schonherri Hope. 3. Family Liparidae, new family. Plinthidae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I., Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 2!)0). 24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Type genus. — Liparus Olivier, 1807, Entomologie, vol. 5, No. 73, pp. 282-292, not preoccupied by Liparis Artedi, 1736. Type — germanus Linnaeus, designated by Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen. Molytes Schonherr, 1820, Cure. Disp. Meth., pp. 14, 172, 173, has as its originally designated type germanus, Linnaeus, and is hence isogenotypic. 4. Family Hyperidae Pierce (1916). Hyperidae Pierce (1916) mere mention. The family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange I, Section B, group I, excepting Scythropides and Promecopides which belong to the Psallidiidae. Type genus. — Hypera Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type — nigrirostris Fabricius, designated by Leach, 1819, in Samouelle's Entomologist's Useful Compendium, pp. 199- 206, and again in 1824, in the second edition of the same. The genus Phytonomus Schonherr, 1826, is considered by most writers as a part of this genus. Our clover and alfalfa weevils should therefore go by the generic name Hypera. 5. Family Curculionidae Leach (1817) restricted. This family has never been properly treated for North America, although such groups as the Anthonomini, parts of Magdalis, Otidocephalus, etc., have been monographed. It corresponds to Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange II, Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p." 538). Type genus. — Curculio Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, 10th edit., vol. 1, pp. 377-386. Type — nucum Linnaeus, designated by Latreille (1810) in Consid. Gen. This genus had become lost by the process of division. Various types have been selected but the first designation is that of Latreille, which is held valid by virtue of Opinion 11 of the International Commission. Balaninus Germar (1817) is isogenotypic. The typical Curculionine weevils are therefore those formerly known as Balaninini, the nut weevils. 6. Family Cionidae, new family. This family corresponds with Lacordaire's Synmerides, phalange II, Section B, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 594). Type genus. — -Clonus Clairville and Schellenberg, 179S, Ent. Helv., vol. 1, p. 64. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, xo. 2, FEB., igig 25 Type — blattariae Clairville and Schellenberg, designated by Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part. 7. Family Orobitidae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange I, Section A, group II (Gen. Coleop. VII, pp. 4-6). Type genus. — Orobitis Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type — -(globosus Fabricius) = cyaneus Linnaeus, monotypic. Orobites Schonherr, 1826, also has for its type, globosus. As will be noticed under the next family, the genus Crypto- rhynchus Schonherr (1826) not Illiger (1807) is preoccupied and we are compelled to greatly alter our nomenclature. The genus Cryptorrhynchus Gemminger and Harold (1871) is a great com- posite, but the oldest genus contained therein is Coelosternus Sahlberg (1823) with balteatits Sahlberg as type. This generic name then replaces Cryptorhynchus and Cryptorrhynchus for all weevils not yet assigned to definite genera. Cryptorhynchidius, new genus. Cryptorhynchus Schonherr, 1826 (not Illiger, 1807). Type — Curculio lapathi Linnaeus. 8. Family Cryptorhynchidae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds with Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange I, Section B, group II (Gen. Coleop. VI, p. 190). Type genus. — Cryptorhynchus Illiger, 1807, Mag. fur Insekten- kunde, vol. 6, p. 330. In some volumes of this work it is spelled Chryptorhynch us . Type — pericarpius Linnaeus, designated by Latreille, 1810, Consid. Gen. Rhinoncus Schonherr, 1837, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 577, also has pericarpius as its type, and is hence isogenotypic. 9. Family Rynchophoridae Pa-roe (1916). Calandridae LeConte and Horn (1876). Rynchophoridae Pierce (1916). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange II, group I. Type genus. — Rynchophorus Herbst, 1795, Kafer, vol. (>, pp. 3-29. Type — palmarum Linnaeus, designated by Schonherr, 1X26, Cure. Disp. Meth. 26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Cordyle Thunberg, 1797, Kongl. Vet. Acad., vol. 18, pp. 44-49; and Rhynckophorus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth. are isogenotypic. Calendra Clairville and Schellenberg (1789). Calendra Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. Helv., p. 62. Type — abbremata Fabricius, designated by Latreille, 1810, in Consid. Gen. Calandra Fabricius, 1801, Syst. Eleuth., vol. 2, pp. 429-438. Sphenophorus Schonherr, 1838, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 874. Type — abbreviata Fabricius. This change gives our bill bugs the name Calendra. Sitophilus Schonherr (1838). Sitophilus Schonherr, 1838, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 967. Type — oryza Linnaeus. Calandra auct. not Fabricius (1801). This change gives our grain weevils the appropriate name Sitophilus. 10. Family Cossonidae Schuckard (1840). This family corresponds to Lacordaire's Apostasimerides, phalange II, group II. Type genus. — Cossonus Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, Ent. Helv., vol. 1, pp. 60, 61. Type — linearis Fabricius, designated by Latreille, 1810, in Consid. Gen. II. STUDIES OF THE TRIBE MECININI. Family Curculionidae Leach (1817). Subfamily Orchestinae Pierce (1916). Anthonominae Pascoe (1870). Table of tribes of Orchestinae. 1 . Hind legs normal, non saltatory 2 Hind legs saltatory ORCHESTINI Pierce. 2 . Prothorax with more or less developed ocular lobes LONCOPHORINI Pierce Prothorax without ocular lobes 3 . Tarsal claws free ANTHONOMINI Le Conte. Tarsal claws connate 4 4. Tarsal claws appendiculate BRADYBATIXI, new tribe. Tarsal claws not appendiculate MECININI Desbrocher^. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL- 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 27 Tribe Mecinini Desbrochers (1893). Gymnetrides Lacordaire, 1SG6, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. (i. Gynmetrinae Pascoe, 1S70, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Mecinini, Desbrochers des Loges, 1893, Le Frelon, vols. 2, 3. Gymnetrinae Bovie, 1909, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 92. Type genus. — -Mecinus Germar, 1S21, Mag. der Ent., vol. 4, p. 315. Type — pyraster Herbst, designated by Schonherr (1X2(0, in Cure. Disp. Meth. This tribe has been placed by most writers in the Apostasi- merida, associating Mecinus, Gymnaetron and Miarus. These genera differ radically in coxal character. There has been much difference of opinion as to the proper position of all three genera. Judging from Bovie's figure of the pupa of Miarus campanulae I consider that genus to really belong in the Apostasimerida. On the other hand the pupae in my possession of Gymnaetron teter prove beyond a doubt that it is Anthonomine in its essential characteristics. Lacordaire acknowledged that Gymnetron had the Anthonomine characters but he preferred to associate it with Miarus. This tribe was generically monographed under the name Gymnetrinae by Bovie (1909) in Genera Insectorum, fasc. 92, and included only three genera, Mecinus, Gymnetron, and Miarus. The genus Mecinus does not occur in this country. I am now excluding Miarus from the tribe and leaving it in the Apostasi- merid series, Orobitidae. Genus Gymnaetron Schonherr. Gymnaetron Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 319. Type — beccabungae Linnaeus, by original designation. Gymnetron Schonherr, 1X37, Gen. et Sp. Cure. vol. 4, pp. 743- 776. Monograph. Gymnetron Brisout de Barneville, 1X62, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 62.V668. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Desbrochers, 1X93, Le Frelon, vol. 2, No. 10 11, pp. 1-18. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Reitter, 1907, Bestimmungs Tab. o9. Yerh. Xatur- forsch. Yer. Bninn, vol. <>."), separate pp. 1.") 43. Revision of genus. Gymnetron Bovie, 1909, Gen. Insectorum (Wytsman's), fasc. 92, pp. 8-16, 2 plates. List of species in genus. 28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Table of Subgenera of Gymnaetron. (after Reitter) 1 . Third elytral striae united apically with the eighth .... GYMNAETRON. Third elytral striae united apically with the sixth, the seventh and eighth being united RHINUSA. Subgenus Gymnaetron Schonherr. Type — beccabungae Linnaeus. The typical subgenus does not occur in the United States. Many species of Gymnaetron have a squamose area on the pleural regions of thorax and this area is absent from Rhinusa. Subgenus Rhinusa Stephens. Rhinusa Stephens, 1829, Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 150. Type — antirrhini Paykull, designated by Westwood, 1840. Table of North American Species of Rhinusa. 1. Scutellum elongate; thorax but little broader than long; anterior femora armed with minute denticles; beak shorter than prothorax; elytra longer than broad ANTIRRHINI Paykull. 2. Scutellum broad, rounded; thorax very broad, transverse; anterior femora of male with very strong tooth; beak as long as prothorax; elytra about as broad as long TETER Fabricius. a . Large specimens with pubescence thick on thorax and elytra, intervals with several rows of setae ; no red markings var. TETER Fabricius. b . With red spots on apical portion of elytra var. PLAGIELLUM Gyllenhal. c . Small specimens with thinner pubescence ; some intervals with but a single row of setae; no red markings var. SUBROTUNDATUM Reitter The beak of the male is more punctate and rougher than that of the female in this genus. Both of the species here determined have been compared with European specimens and also with the de- scriptions. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) antirrhini Paykull (1800). Curculio antirrhini Paykull, 1X00, Fauna Suec., vol. 3, p. 257, no. 78. Curculio noctis auct., Brisout not Herbst (1795). This is a European species recorded as breeding in seed pods of Linaria genistaefolia and L. vulgar is. The name antirrhini is confused with the variety subrotundatum Reitter cited below. The material at hand answers the description and tallies with the three European specimens determined as noctis. Three PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 29 specimens 'are from New Haven, Connecticut, collected by M. P. Zappe, July 1 and 9, 1914, and bearing the numbers 111-113. Many specimens are at hand which were bred by P. H. Timber- lake from seed pods of Linaria vulgaris at Melrose Highlands, North Saugus, and Forest Hills, Massachusetts in July and August, 1909 (Hunter No. 2494). Adults were found in July. This species is readily distinguishable from G. teter subro- tundatum by the elongate scutellum; the longer prothorax; the erect pubescence on thorax as well as elytra. In teter and its varieties the dorsal vestiture of the thorax is appressed. Length 2-2.5 mm. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter Fabricius. Rhynchaenus teter Fabricius, 1801, Syst. El., vol. 2, p. 448. This European species has long been known in the United States. It breeds in the pods of Vcrbascum thapsus. The ma- terial of the typical variety is from Massachusetts, Maine, Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Mississippi, Alabama, Oklahoma, and Texas. Texas and Wisconsin material was bred from Verbascum thapsus and Massachusetts material collected on the same plant. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter subrotundatum Reitter. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa} teter subrotundatum Reitter, 1907, Verh. Naturf. Ver. Briinn, vol. 65 (Bestim. Tab. 59), p. 35. A European variety of teter very greatly resembling antirrhini and formerly confused with it. Specimens are at hand from Hamden, Connecticut; Boston, Massachusetts; Dunkirk, New York; District of Columbia; Grand Ledge and Port Huron, Michigan; and Dallas, Texas. Length 2-3 mm. Gymnaetron (Rhinusa) teter plagiellum Gyllenhal. Gymnetron plagiellus Gyllenhal, 1S37, Schonherr's Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 4, p. 759. This is a European aberration of teter characterized only by the red areas on the elytra. The material is principally from Dallas, Texas, although specimens are also at hand from Iowa City, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Maryland. III. SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE OROBITIDAE. Family Orobitidae Pierce (1916). Table of subfamilies of Orobitidae. 1 . Mesosternum very often canaliculate or excavated, leaving between it and the prosternum a depression 30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Mesosternum never canaliculate, horizontal, forming a surface almost continuous with the prosternum and metasternum 14 2. Antennal funicle 5-jointed 1 MIARINAE, new subfamily. Antennal funicle 6- or 7-jointed 0 3 . Tarsus with one claw 2 HAPLONYCHINAE Pascoe. Tarsus with two claws 4 4. Prothorax covered with fine costae, longitudinal and parallel 3 EUDERINAE Pascoe. Prothorax not covered with fine costae, longitudinal and parallel .... 5 5. Rostrum very short, robust, subquadrangular; antennae very short. . 4 NERTHOPINAE Pascoe. Rostrum and antennae at least moderately long 6 6. Femora armed with a great triangular tooth 5 MENEMACHINAE Pascoe. Femora unarmed or dentate, the tooth at most moderate in size . . 7 7 . Rostrum cylindrical throughout, generally slender 8 Rostrum variable, but not cylindrical; compressed or depressed, at least at base 11 8. Prosternum not canaliculate, sometimes a little concave 9 Prosternum canaliculate 9 ISORHYNCHINAE Pascoe. 9. Elytra not covering the pygidium 6 LAEMOSACCINAE Pascoe. Elytra covering the pygidium 10 10 . Tarsal claws cleft, or simple and connate 7 ALCIDINAE Pascoe. Tarsal claws simple and free 8 DERELOMINAE Pascoe. 11. Eyes very rarely approximate on the front, more or less covered when the rostrum is at rest 12 Eyes rarely separated above, always uncovered, even when the rostrum is at rest 13 ECCOPTINAE, new subfamily. 12. Prosternum not canaliculate, sometimes a litte excavated 13 Prosternum canaliculate, rarely excavated. .12 OROBITINAE Pierce. 13. Anterior coxae separated 11 AMERININAE, new subfamily. Anterior coxae contiguous 10 METATYGINAE, new subfamily. 14. Rostrum short and robust, body depressed 15 Rostrum at least moderately long, never very robust .... 16 15. Rostrum very depressed, straight 14 ULOMASCINAE Pascoe. Rostrum angulate, arcuate 15 EPIPEDINAE, new subfamily. 16. Mesosternum large, transverse, quadrate; body oblong, depressed. 16 TRYPETIDINAE, new name. Mesosternum reduced to a tiny transverse band; body briefly oval, very convex 17 PYROPINAE Pascoe. i. Miarinae, new subfamily. Type genus. — -Miarus Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 320. Name of stirps 2 of Gymnaetron. Type — campanulae Linnaeus, by original designation. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO 2, FEB., IQIQ 31 2. Subfamily Haplonychinae Pascoe (1870). Haplonycides Lacordaire, I860, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. Hi. Haplonychinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Tvpe genus. — Haplonyx Schonherr, 1830, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. '3, pp. ooo, <>()7. Type — spencei Schonherr, by original designation. 3. Subfamily Euderinae Pascoe (1870). Euderides Lacordaire, 18(50, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 18. Euderinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Euderes Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. '•I'll. Type — lineicollis Wiedemann, by original designation. 4. Subfamily Nerthopinae Pascoe (1870). Nerthopides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 19. Nerthopinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Nerthops Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 61. Type — [multiguttatus (Wiedemann) Schonherr, by original designation ] — guttata Olivier. 5. Subfamily Menemachinae Pascoe (1870 Menemachides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 27. Menemachinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Menemachus Schonherr, 1843, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 266. Type — naevus Boheman, by original designation. 6. Subfamily Laemosaccinae Pascoe (1870). Lciiiosacides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 12. Laemosaccinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Laemosaccini Le Conte, 187(5, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 22.'!. Type genus. — Laemosaccus Schonherr, 182(5, Cure. Disp. Meth., pp. (5, of). Type — plagiatus Fabricius, by original designation. 7. Subfamily Alcidinae Pascoe (1870). Alcidides Lacordaire, 18(5(5, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 14. Alcidinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — -Alcides Sahlberg, 1823, Peric. Knt., p. 47. Type — senex (Schonherr) Sahlberg, monotypic. Alcides Schonherr, 1X2(1, Cure. Disp. Meth., has as its type, trilobns Fabrieius, by original designation and is at presriit writing congeneric with the true Alcides. 32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 8. Subfamily Derelominae Pascoe (1870). Derelomides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 9. Derelominae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Derelomini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 221. Type genus. — Derelomus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. '235. Type — chamaeropis Fabricius, by original designation. 9. Subfamily Isorhynchinae Pascoe (1870). Isorhynchides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 172. Isorhynchinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Isorhynchus Schonherr, 1833, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 1, p. 22. Type — pudicus Sparrman, monotypic. 10. Subfamily Metatyginae, new subfamily. Type genus. — -Metatyges Pascoe, 1866, Journ. Ent. vol. 2, p. 424. Type — turritus Pascoe, monotypic. 11. Subfamily Amerininae, new name. Cholides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 32. Cholinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 347. Type genus. — Ameris (Schonherr) Dejean, 1821, Cat. Coleop., p. 86. Type — dufresnei Kirby, designated by Germar (1824), Crotch (1870). Amerhinus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 266 is iso- genotypic. Amerhinus Sahlberg, 1823, Peric. Ent., p. 44, has as its type ynca (Schonherr) Sahlberg, monotypic. This genus is at present congeneric with Ameris. Cholus Germar dates from 1824 and consequently can not give its name to the subfamily. 12. Subfamily Orobitinae Pierce, 1916. Cryptorhynchides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 48. Cryptorhynchinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Cryptorhynchini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 223. Orobitinae Pierce, 1916, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 469. Type genus. — Orobitis Germar, 1817, Mag. der Ent., vol. 2, pp. 339-341. Type — (globosus Fabricius) = cyaneus Linnaeus, monotypic. 13. Subfamily Eccoptinae, new subfamily. Zygopides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 142. Zygopinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 33 Zygopini Le Conte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 259. Type genus. — Eccoptus Dejean, 1821, Cat. Coleop., p. 86. Type — strix Olivier, designated by Crotch (1870). Zygops Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 300, with wiedii Germar as the originally designated type, is at present con- generic with Eccoptus. 14. Subfamily Ulomascinae Pascoe (1870). Ulomascides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 184. Ulomascinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Ulomascus Fairmaire, 1848, Ann. vSoc. Ent. Fr., ser. 2, vol. 6, p. 173. Type — caviventris Fairmaire, monotypic. 15. Subfamily Epipedinae Pascoe (1870). Epipedides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 186. Epipedinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Epipedus Schonherr, 1842, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 462. Type — squamifer Boheman, monotypic. 1 6. Subfamily Trypetidinae, new name. Trypetides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 177. Trypetinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Trypetes, Schonherr, 1836, Gen. et. Sp. Cure., vol. 3, p. 595. Type — rhinoides Gyllenhal, monotypic. The subfamily name had been altered to its correct spelling to prevent confusion with the Trypetinae based on Trypeta in the Diptera. 17. vSubfamily Pyropinae Pascoe (1870). Pyropides Lacordaire, 1866, Gen. Col., vol. 7, p. 187. Pyropinae Pascoe, 1870, Journ. Linn. Soc., vol. 10, p. 437. Type genus. — Pyropus Schonherr, 1836, Gen. et Sp. Cure., vol. 3, p. 641. Type — sapphirinus Gyllenhal, by original designation. IV. STUDIES OF NORTH AMERICAN MIARINAE. Miarinae, new subfamily. This subfamily was formerly a part of the Mecininae or Gymnetrinae, which I have now removed to form the tribe Mecinini in the Orchestinae, and retain here only the genus Miarus. Genus Miarus Schonherr. Miarus Schonherr, 1826, Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 320. Type — campanulae Linn., by original designation. 34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Miarus Stephens, 1831, 111. Brit. Ent., p. 15. Type — campanulae Linnaeus, designated by Westwood, 1S40. Cleopus Suffrian, 1854, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 94 (not Dejean 1821), (not Stephens 1829). Cleopus Brisout de Barneville, 1862, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, pp. 663-668. Revision of genus. Miarus Desbrochers des Loges, 1893, Le Frelon, vol. 2, No. 10/11, pp. 15-18. Revision of genus. Miarus Reitter, 1907, Verhandl. Naturf. Ver. Brunn, vol. (55, sep. pp. 43-49. Revision of genus. Miarus Bovie, 1909, Genera Insectorum (Wytsman's), fasc. 92, pp. 16, 17. List of species in genus. Specimens of the type Miarus (Miarus) campanulae Linnaeus, are at hand from Europe. The genus is divisible into two subgenera: Pubescence erect or suberect CLEOPOMIARUS, new subgenus. Pubescence decumbent, appressed MIARUS Schonherr Cleopomiarus, new subgenus. Miarus LeConte, 1876, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, p. 221. Table of North American Species of the Subgenus Cleopomiarus. All our species have mutic metafemora. 1 . Pleural regions of thorax setose; prothorax with the erect sparse hairs extremely long, bristling and conspicuous. Body stout, oblong, convex, deep black throughout, the sparse vestiture hairy and cinereous; beak slender, slightly arcuate, similar in the sexes though a little shorter in the male, longer than the head and thorax in the female; eyes widely separated; prothorax nearly as wide as the elytra, very strongly narrowed from base to apex, with arcuate sides, punctures coarse and separated; scutellum densely clothed with short decumbent hair-like scales; elytra barely a fifth longer than wide, very broadly, obtusely rounded behind, clad with long, erect hairs; under surface with erect sparse cinereous hairs, shorter, denser, and more decumbent on pleura; length 2.4-2.8 mm. . . EREBUS Casey. Pleural regions of thorax squamose 2 . Elvtral intervals thickly pubescent, very seldom with only a single row of setae 3 Elvtral intervals usually with only a single row of white, almost bristle-like setae, body elongate oval; sides of elytra parallel, elytra much longer than broad; suture toward apex with a short comb of hairs. Prothorax rounded on sides, broader than long (coitsnctns Casey) MERIDIONALIS Brisout. 3 . Elytra clothed with white and dark brown hairs intermixed, scutellum densely white pubescent, pleural regions clothed with grey plumose PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 2, FEB., 1919 :|.") scales, venter with white hairs; body short, deep black, shining; pubescence not concealing integument, shorter on thorax than on elytra. Beak in 9 slender, slightly arcuate, surpassing mesocoxar ; in cf somewhat shorter and coarser. Prothorax strongly transverse, somewhat narrower than elytra, densely strongly but shallowly punc- tate. Rlytra short and broad, almost quadrate, rounded on sides, convex; deeply striate. Length 2-o mm. .HISPIDULUS Le Conte. I'pper surface clothed with gray hairs 4 4. Ovate, oval or short oval, convex; prothorax about two-thirds wider than long 5 Elongate oval 6 5. Elytra but little wider than thorax MICROS Germar. Elytra much wider than thorax PURITANUS Casey. b' . Thorax nearly three-fourths wider than long; sides feebly rounded, size under 2 mm NANUS Casey. Thorax about one-half wider than long; sides strongly rounded; size over 2 mm ILLINI Casey. The great scarcity of these weevils in this country and their presence only on introduced European plants leads me to believe that this genus is typically European. I feel certain that further study will prove that all of our species are synonyms of some European species. In the following notes I have indicated some of my suspicions. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) erebus Casey. Miarns erebus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 142, 143. Described from near Colonia Garcia, Sierra Madre Mts. Chihauhau, Mexico, altitude 7300 feet. The presence in this species of hairs, instead of scales on the pleural region of the thorax is a character of Gymnaetron rather than Miarus, although the beak is elongate as in Miarus. Miarus ( Cleopomiarus ) hispidulus Le Conte. Miarus hispidulus Le Conte, 1870, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. I"), p. 221. Miarus hispidulus Reitter, 1907, Verh. Naturforsch. Yer. Brunn, vol. 65, p. 46. Described as new species. Miarus hispidus Bovie, 190! I, Gen. Insect., fasc. 92, p. 17. Proposed as a new name for hispidulus Reitter. A European species described from Andalusia and easily differentiated by the two colors of setae on the elytra. It is widely distributed over the eastern United States. It is an odd coinci- dence that the species although twice described, and from different continents, received the same name each time. 36 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Material is at hand from Straight Creek, Lee Co., Virginia; Kanawha Station, West Virginia, on Lobelia; Springfield, Massa- chusetts; Pen Mar, Pennsylvania; New York; Grand Ledge, Michigan; Kansas City, Missouri; Pontchatoula, Louisiana; Baldwin, Florida. It breeds in the seed pods of Lobelia inflata and L. syphilitica. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) micros Germar. Cionus micros Germar, Mag. der Ent., vol. 4, p. 309, No. 21. A European species which breeds in the capsules of Jasione montana. Two specimens from Winnipeg, Manitoba, collected by Han- ham, run to this species in Reitter's table. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) puritanus Casey. Miarus puritanus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, pp. 143, 144. No material is at hand which can be definitely placed here, although a Massachusetts specimen of hispidulus answers rather closely. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) nanus Casey. Miarus nanus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. No material is at hand which can be attributed to this species. It is also described from Massachusetts. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) illini Casey. Miarus illini Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. Described from Illinois. No material is at hand from Illinois, nor are there any speci- mens which can be definitely assigned here. Miarus (Cleopomiarus) meridionalis Brisout. Gymnetron (Cleopus) meridionalis Brisout de Barneville, 1S62, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, vol. 2, p. 668. Miarus consnetus Casey, 1910, Can. Ent., vol. 42, p. 144. A European species recorded from France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, and Tunis. Casey's species was described from Kansas. One specimen is at hand from Douglas Co., Kansas, altitude 900 ft., collected by F. H. Snow. In Europe this species breeds in the ovaries of Linaria fih 'folia, and L. striata. THE IDENTITY OF SMYNTHURODES BETAE WESTWOOD (HOM.). By A. C. BAKER, Bureau of Entomology. In the Gardners Chronicle, July 7, 1X49, p. 420, J. O. West- wood erected the genus Smynthurodes for a species of aphid which PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1 919 37 he called betae. This species was described as attacking the common garden beet, small colonies being found clustered be- neath the spurs of the roots. Since the original description no further information has been published, so far as the writer knows, in regard to the insect and it is impossible to gain a knowledge of it from the description and the very inadequate figures given. In looking over the Fitch collection of aphididae the writer noted a small card point containing two apterous specimens of Smyn- thurodes betae labeled England, J. O. W. Fitch received a number of specimens of English aphids from Westwood and these were pinned with yellow labels, all of which carry the initials J. O. W. There is little doubt, therefore, that these two specimens are from the lot collected by Westwood and that they were sent Fitch by the author of the species. The specimens were in very poor shape when located, being entirely covered -with a fungus growth. This was cleared from them and the specimens mounted in balsam and placed in the slide collection of the U. S. National Museum. While it is im- possible to give an accurate description of the body characters owing to the condition of the abdomen, the following descriptive notes and figures will serve to give some idea of the species: Apterous Viviparous Female. — Length of body 1.68 mm.; width of ab- domen 0.96 mm. Antennae as follows: Segment I, 0.08 mm. long, 0.064 mm. wide; II, 1.128 mm. long, diameter 0.032 mm.; Ill, 0.048 mm. long; IV, 0.064 mm. long with the distal sensorium small but prominent; V, base 0.112 mm. long, unguis 0.032 mm. and distinctly set off from the base. Segments armed with rather stout scattered hairs. Foreleg with the following measurements: Femur 0.32 mm., tibia 0.288 mm., tarsus exclusive of claw 0.112 mm. Middle leg as follows: femur 0.32 mm., tibia 0.336 mm., tarsus 0.128 mm. Hind leg as follows: femur 0.416 mm., tibia 0.496 mm., tarsus 0.144 mm. Legs armed with rather short stout hairs. Vertex 0.24 mm. wide and perfectly straight in the specimens. This, however, may be due to their condition. A series of stout hairs is present on the vertex. Eyes minute, facets not visible in the specimens. Beak reach- ing to the second pair of coxae or slightly beyond. Abdomen armed with short, stiff hairs. No cornicles are visible. Wax glands not apparent but this may be due to the condition of the specimens. Cauda and anal plate rounded. Since Smynikwrodes betae West, was found living on cultivated beets, the question at once arises as to whether or not it is the destructive beet aphid of America now generally referred to as Pemphigus betae Doan.. Examples of betae Doan show that the antennae are more slender (fig. IB) than those of betae West. (fig. 1A) and that the spine-like hairs are not so prominent. 38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Moreover, the relative lengths of segments IV and V are different, segment V being rather longer in betae Doan. It seems evident, then, that Westwood had a different insect. c. FIG. 1 He separated his genus from Forda Heyden on the antennae. These, however, differ little from the antennae of the type species of the genus, formicaria Heyden (fig. 1C), excepting in the rela- tive lengths. We conclude, therefore, that betae West, is dis- tinct from our American beet aphid and should be known as Forda betae (West.). A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE FROM COLORADO. (COLEO.) BY W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Elatotrypes, new genus. Body very much depressed. Maxillary palpi longer than labial pulpi their last joints strongly securiform. Head small; front short and nearly perpendicular; top with a narrow, deep groove between the antennae, extend- ing to the dorsal median part. Mandibles stout and acute at tip. Ligula membranous. Eyes finely granulated, only moderately emarginate, but not embracing the base of the antennae. Antennae 11-jointed, the outer joints sericeous but without distinct poriferous spaces; second joint moderately long. Prothorax depressed, not tuberculate on the sides, the dorsal part with callosities. Scutellum rounded behind. Elytra depressed and moderately elongate. Prosternum very narrow, pointed, not extending between the o>\;n\ PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 39 which are contiguous. Mesonotum thickly punctured and pubescent at sides, with a median smooth surface. Front coxal cavities transverse, very strongly angulated, and broadly open behind. Middle coxal cavities open externally. Hind coxae prominent, not inclosed by the side pieces. Legs moderate in length ; femora not strongly clavate ; tibiae slender. Genotype. — Elatotrypes hoferi Fisher. This new genus belongs to LeConte & Horn's tribe Callidiini and is closely related to Hylotrupes, Callidinm and Xylocn'n.^, but differs from all of these by having the femora not strongly clavate. From Hylotrupes and Callidium it differs by having the sides of the mesonotum densely punctured and pubescent. From Hylotrupes it also differs by having the front coxae contiguous and from Callidinm by the prothorax having dorsal callosities. It also differs from Xylocrius by its very depressed form and the more slender antennae. Elatotrypes hoferi, new species. Female. — Elongate, very much depressed, piceous-black, sparsely clothed with irregularly placed whitish pubescence, which gives it a cinereous ap- pearance. Head coarsely and densely punctured. Eyes rather small, widely separated, transverse, and only moderately emarginate. Antennae slender, reaching beyond the middle of the elytra ; first joint thickened at apex ; second about one-third as long as the first; third slightly longer than the first; fourth to seventh subequal, and about as long as the first; eighth about three-fourths as long as the first; ninth about one-half as long as first; tenth and eleventh slightly shorter and wider than the ninth, the last being about three-fourths as wide as long, with the tip rounded. Prothorax depressed, nearly twice as wide as long; front angles rounded; sides strongly rounded and very much narrowed towards the base; surface with three narrow, shining callosities, reaching from the apex to base, the median one less distinct, between these and the sides, the surface is densely and coarsely punctured, and sparsely clothed with long semi-erect whitish hairs. Elytra at base about us wide as prothorax, twice as long as wide, slightly wider at middle with the tips separately rounded; surface reticulately rugose, not noticeably punctured, but clothed with irregular patches of semi-erect whitish pubescence. Pros- ternum shining, very finely, transversely rugose at middle, scarcely punc- tate, with long, sparse, inconspicuous hairs. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate, and clothed with recumbent whitish pubescence. Abdomen with fifth ventral segment a little longer than the fourth and broadly roundi-d at apex. Femora only slightly clavate. Tibiae slender, about twice as long as the tarsi. First joint of posterior tarsi slightly longer than joints two and three united. Length 7 mm., width 4 mm. 40 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 2, FEB., 1919 Habitat.— Ute Pass, El Paso County, Colorado. Mr. F. C. Craighead, Collector. Type.— Cat. No. 22000, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from a single female recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. 11919 and reared from material collected by Mr. Craighead. The larvae of this species was first collected by Mr. A. B. Champlain and George Hofer, March 2, 1914, under bark of dead limb of partially dead Limber Pine (Pinus Jiexilis) but no adults were reared. September 10, 1917, Mr. Craighead collected from the same tree a number of half and full grown larvae under the green bark of slowly dying branches, from which the type was reared May 3, 1918. I take great pleasure in naming this interesting species after Mr. George Hofer in appreciation of his active and continued assistance in collecting material which has added very much to our knowledge of the coleoptera of the Rocky Mountain region. PALMODES PRAESTANS AND ITS PREY (ORTH.). BY A. N. CAUDELL. In a miscellaneous lot of Orthoptera sent me for determination by Prof. Lovett, of Corvallis, Oregon, was a large male specimen of the long winged Dectician, Capnobotes fuliginosus Thomas. In spite of the large size of this insect and its formidable nature, being itself, at least partially, predatious in habits, it had fallen a victim to a medium sized wasp which Mr. Rohwer has determined as Palmodes praestans Kohl. The data on the pin bearing these insects is "Brads Mt. Ariz. 6-22-92." This matter is deemed worth recording by reason of the nature and size of the prey it shows this wasp capable of captur- ing, the length of the wasp scarcely exceeding one-third that of its prey. The wasp itself is also of interest, as it is an insect very rare in collections, the present specimen being, according to Mr. Rohwer, about the fourth one known. Actual Date of Publication, February 26, 1919. VOL. 21 MARCH 1919 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BARBER, H. S. — AVOCADO SEED WEEVILS 53 BUSCK, AUGUST — TWO MICROLEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO STRAWBERRY 52 CAUDELL, A. N., BUSCK, A., AND HOWARD, L. O. — FREDERICK KNAB 41 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Application for transfer of entry as second-class matter made at the post office at Wash- ington, D. C., under the act of July 16, 1894. Acceptance for mailing at special rale of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. vS. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELU. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PLATE 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 FREDERICK KNAB PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 MARCH, 1919 No. :i FREDERICK KNAB. BY A. N. CAUDELL, A. BUSCK, AND L. O. HOWARD. We record with sorrow the loss of our distinguished fellow member, and vice-president of our Society, Frederick Knab, who died in Washington, D. C., November 2, 1918, after a pro- longed and painful decline. Mr. Knab was born September 22, 1865, in Wurzburg, Bavaria and came to the United States as a boy of eight with his parents, Oscar and Josephine Knab, who settled in Chicopee, Massachu- setts in 1873. The father was an engraver and painter, and an uncle was court artist to the King of Bavaria. Frederick partook of the artistic temperament of his family and even as a boy de- voted himself to painting. In 1889 he went to Europe and studied art for two years at the Munich Academy, and on his return to Massachusetts he established a studio in Chicopee and for a series of years made landscape painting his profession. Long before this, however, he had been interested in Natural vScience, and especially in Entomology. As a boy he had studied the classics of Zoology, such as the works of Darwin, Wallace,, and Bates, and had accumulated a large collection of insects, the biology of the Coleoptera attracting him particularly. He was an active member of the Springfield Zoological Club and a valued correspondent of several of our Coleopterists. Prompted by his interest in Zoology Mr. Knab undertook in 1885-86 a sixteen months' collecting trip up the Amazon River, traveling form its mouth to Peru. Although the results of this expedition were published only in local newspapers, it was an event of great and lasting importance to Mr. Knab, as his natural bent for Entomology and his keen powers of obervation made this travel in the tropics a constant source of information in his later scientific career. In 1903 the first grant by the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton for the purpose of a monograph of the mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies was made, and in or- ganizing the work Doctor Howard sought the advice of Mr. George Dimmock of Springfield (who in his earlier years had done 41 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 some work on mosquitoes), as to the best observer known to him who could undertake the study of the biology of the mosquitoes of the New England region, and Doctor Dimmock promptly nominated Mr. Knab. Knab went to work with energy and enthusiasm, and during the summer of 1903 brought together some very important notes and sent in a report illustrated by drawing which were so admirable as to command the greatest respect. It was during this work that Knab first got the idea that certain of the northern mosquitoes do not follow in their life histories the generalizations which had been laid down as belonging to the genus Culex. The drawings submitted were so excellent that when in the autum of that year Professor Forbes, the State Entomologist of Illinois, found himself in need of an artist Mr. Knab was recommended for the post and went to Ur- bana where he worked until the close of the following year. The Carnegie appropriations continuing he was then brought to Washington, and started in 1905 on his first trip to Mexico in the interests of the proposed monograph. A brief account of this trip and of his subsequent travels and activities in this di- rection will be found in the introduction to the monograph, of which he was eventually made co-author in collaboration with Howard and Dyar. He was appointed an assistant in the Bureau of Entomology in 1900, and his work upon mosquitoes and other disease-bearing Diptera continued with increasing interest and importance. In 1911, after the death of the late D. W. Coquillett, he was made Custodian of the Diptera of the U. S. National Museum, which broadened his field of work. Intensely interested and absorbed, though he was, in the preparation of the final volumes of the mongraph in which his work cannot be too greatly praised, he found time to make many interesting observations and a few broad generalizations which showed that he had a very philosophical mind and that he was a keen observer and a keen reasoner. In the early part of his work upon the monograph, Jae prepared the extraordinary plates of mosquito larvae, published in Volume II, which are quite the most admirable figures of the sort that have ever been published. The plates, although ad- mirably reproduced, do not do full justice to the beauty of the original drawings. In 1916 he was made Vice-President of the Entomological Society of Washington. He was a fellow of the American Associa- tion for the Advancement of Science and of the Entomological Society of America. He was also a member of the Biological Society of Washington. He was a candidate at the George Washington University for a doctor's degree, but his illness and death intervened before it was granted. His death was due to PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL- 21, NO. ;v MAR., 1919 43 / an insidious, lingering disease, probably insect-borne , which he contracted during his expedition to Brazil. Its nature baffled the medical specialists until Mr. Knab himself correctly diagnosed it through his diligent study of the South American medical literature. He was proficient in both the Spanish and Portuguese languages, and was a broad student. He was noted for his helpfulness to other workers, and for his genial, companionable nature. He was a very active member of the Entomological Society of Washington, attended the meetings regularly as long as his health permitted, frequently contributed papers, and often added great interest to the discussions. His interest in the Society, in fact, was so great that he bequeathed the larger part of his estate to it — an especially noteworthy act, as this is the first considerable contribution to the publication fund of the Society. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Prepared by MABEL COLCORD, Librarian, Bureau of Entomology. 1887 Hunting in Brazil. A day's trip into the interior of the forests. Springfield, Mass. Daily Union, p. 6, col. 4-5, Jan. 31, 1887. 1887 Along the Amazon. A naturalist's rambles in South America. Springfield, Mass. Daily Union, p. 6, col. 5-6, April 20, 1887. 1895 Ant nests. Entomological News, vol. 6, No. 1, p. 15-16, January. 1896 An Amazon town. Youth's Companion, vol. 70. No. 7, p. 81, cols. 2-4, illus., February 13. 1896 Notes and news. Limenitis arthemis, Strangalia bicolor, Saperda obliqua, Purpuricenus humeralis, Myodites stylopides, Chlaenius prasinus. Entomological News, vol. 7, No. 4, p. 113, April. 1897 Note: House fly with three pseudoscorpions attached. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 8, No. 1, p. 13, January. 1897 Note on Labia minor (Forficulidae). Entomological News, vol. 8, No. 9, p. 236, November. 1898 Note: Records Anisolabis maritima from Bridgeport, Conn. Entomological News, vol. 9, No. 1, p. 21, January. 1898 Curious actions of house flies. Entomological News, vol. ii, No. 9, p. 219, November. 1898 Notes on Pieris oleracea. Entomological News, vol. 9, No. 10, p. 256, December. 1899 Adalia bipunctata Linn, and its varieties. Entomological News, vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 146-147, May. 1899 Geographical distribution of Limenitis well illustrated. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 10, No. 8, p. 245, October. 1899 Coleoptera in September. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 31, Xo. 11, pp. 310-311, November. 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1901 Asaphes a synonym. Entomological News, vol. 12, No. 3, p. 91, March. 1902 Display of caterpillars at Springfield, Mass, jocular note on an actual occurrence. Entomological News, vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 326-327, December. 1903 Beetle prizes at Springfield, Mass. Entomological News, vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 89-90, March. 1904 Diverse mosquito larvae that produce similar adults. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 143-144, July. 1904 The epistomal appendages of mosquito larvae. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 12, No. 3, pp, 175-177, pi. 10, Septem- ber. 1904 The eggs of Culex territans Walker. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 246-248, December. 1904 Early stages of Carabidae. By George Dimmock and Frederick Knab. Springfield Museum of Natural History, Bui. 1, 55 pp. 4 pi., December 28. 1905 The spreading of Sphaeridium scarabaeoides L. Entomological News, vol. 16, No. 2, p. 52, February. 1905 A chironomid inhabitant of Sarracenia purpurea, Metriocnemus knabi Coq. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 69-73, pi. 6, June. 1905 Observations on Lampyridae. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 238-239, July. 1905 Los mosquitos de los tropicos. Observationes de Mr. Frederick Knab. Diario del Salvador, p. 1, August 16. 1905 Galeruca pomonae Scopoli, in North America. Entomological News, vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 230-232, September. 1906 A new species of Donacia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, Nos. 2-3, pp. 122-123, for October, 1905. January. 1906 The yellow-fever mosquito. Science new ser., vol. 23, No. 581, pp. 270-271, February 16. 1906 Goeldi's "Os mosquitos no Para." Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 57-76, June. 1906 Notes on Deinocerites cancer Theobald. Psyche, vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 95-97, pi. 5-6, August. 1906 Diagnoses of new species of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. 19, pp. 133-142, September 25. 1906 The species of mosquitoes in the genus Megarhinus. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- tions, Washington, 1907, vol. 48 (Quarterly issue, vol. 3), pp. 241-258, illus. Publication, 1657, September 27. 1906 A new species of Donacia. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, Nos. 2-3, pp. 122-123, October. PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 45 1906 The Swarming of Culex pipiens. Psyche, vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 123-133, October. 1906 Notes on some American mosquitoes with descriptions of new species. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 19, pp. 159-172, November 12. 1906 The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organisms. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 169-230, pi. 4-6, December. 1906-7 Communications. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 8, pp. 76, 77, 99, 102, 106, 115, 144, 151. 1907 On the classification of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 47-50, February. 1907 A new species of Megarhinus. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 50-51, February. 1907 The swarming of Anopheles punctipennis Say. Psyche, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-4, February. 1907 Descriptions of some American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 9-13, March. 1907 An early account of the copulation of Stegomyia calopus. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 13-18, March. 1907 The classification of the Culicidae according to scale-vestiture characters. Entomological News, vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 151-154, April. 1907 New American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 100-101, June. 1907 A new genus and species of sabethid mosquito. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 120-121, September. 1907 Deinocerites again. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 121-123, vSeptember. 1907 Culicid characters. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 349-353, October. 1907 Color varieties of Locustidae. Science new ser., vol. 26, No. (>7u, pp. 595-597, November 1. 1907 The classification of mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 10, No. 21, p. 355, November 1 . 1907 Descriptions of new mosquitoes from the Panama Canal Zone. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomologi- cal Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 197 212, December. 19(17 Descriptions of three new North American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 213 21 ). Decembi-r. 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1907 Book notice. A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. By F. V. Theobald: London, 1907. Volume IV. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15. No. 4, pp. 239-248, December. 1907 Mosquitoes as flower visitors. Journal New York Entomological Society vol., 15, No. 4, pp. 215-219, December. 1907 Notes on Leptinotarsa undecimlineata Stal. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 190-193, December. 1908 Tower's Evolution in Leptinotarsa. Science new ser., vol. 27, No. 684, pp. 223-227, February 7. 1908 Observations on the mosquitoes of Saskatchewan. Smithsonian Micellaneous Collections (Quarterly issue), vol. 50, Pt. 4, pp. 540-547, February 20. 1908 Los mosquitos de Cordova. Diario del Hogar, Mexico, D. F., p. 2, cols 3-5, March 11. 1908 Communication. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 9, No. 1, p. 23, April 25. 1908 Notes on mosquito work. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 40, No. 9, pp. 309-312, September. 1908 Swarming of a reduviid. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 10, Nos. 1-2, p. 7, September 15. 1908 The early stages of Sayomyia punctipennis Say. (Diptera, Culicidae.) Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 10, Nos. 2-3, pp. 36-40, figs, 6-8, September 15. 1908 Descriptions of some new mosquitoes from Tropical America. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. 35, pp. 53-70, October 30. 1909 Descriptions of some new species and a new genus of American mosquitoes. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 52 (Quarterly issue, vol. 5), pp. 253-266, illus. Publication 1822, January 12. 1909 Mosquito comment. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 101-102, March. 1909 Migrations of Athena chiron Fabricius. Entomological News, vol. 20, No. 4, p. 154, April. 1909 Notes on tachinid parasites of Chrysomelidae. Psyche, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 34-35, April. 1909 On the identity of Culex pipiens Linnaeus. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 30-39, pi. 1-3, July 26. 1909 Description of a new mosquito from Cuba. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 1, p. 39, July 26. 1909 The role of air in the ecdysis of insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 68-72, August 31. 1909 Some species of Calligrapha. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 83-87, August 31. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 47 1909 Nuptial colors in the Chrysomelidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 151-153, October 5. 1909 The identification of Culex cyaneus Fahricius. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 154-155, October 5. 1909 Luminous termite hills. Science new ser., vol. 30, No. 773, pp. 574-575, October 22. 1909 Two new Philippine Culicidae. Entomological News, vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 386-388, November. 1910 Description of three new American mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 173-174, January 17. 1910 Mosquito habits and mosquito control. Science new ser., vol. 31, No. 805, pp. 868-869, June 3. 1910 The feeding-habits of Geranomyia (Diptera, Tipulidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 61-65, June 15. 1910 On the identity of Culex pallidohirta. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 81-82, June 15. 1910 Review of Blatchley's, "The Coleoptera or Beetles of Indiana." Science new ser., vol. 32, No. &32, pp. 838-840, December 9. 1910 Coquillett's, "The type species of the North American genera of Diptera." Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 197-200, December 31. 1911 Remarks on Melasoma lapponica. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 10-11, March 12. 1911 Ecdysis in the Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 32-42, March 12. 1911 Larval species. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Science new ser., vol. 33, No. 847, pp. 455-456, March 24. 1911 The food habits of Megarhinus. Psyche, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 80-82, April 5. 1911 [Remarks on Euchroma gigantea.] Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 88-89, June 19. 1911 Chrysomela staphylea Linne in North America (Col.). Entomologi- cal News, vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 306-309, July. 1911 How Emphor drinks. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 3, p. 170, September 30. 1911 Dr. A. Lutz's studies of Brazilian Simuliidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 172-179, September 30. 1912-17 The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the \\Vst Indies. By L. O. Howard, H. G. Dyar and Frederick Kii;il>. 4 vol. (Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication, 159, illus., pi.) 1912 Unconsidered factors in disease transmission by blood-sucking insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 196-200, April. 1912 Preference for strict priority in scientific nomenclature. Entomologi- cal News, vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 271-272, June. 48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1912 Drosophila repleta Wollaston. Psyche, vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 106-108, June. 1912 New species of Anisopidae (Rhyphidae) from Tropical America. (Diptera; Nemocera). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 25, pp. 111-113, June 28. 1912 Blood-sucking and supposedly blood-sucking Leptidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 108-110, July 19. 1912 Diptera at home on spiders' webs. Journal New York Entomological Society, vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 143-146, September. 1912 Symphoromyia as a blood-sucker (Diptera, Leptidae). By Frederick Knab and R. A. Cooley. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 161-162, September 30. 1912 New Australian Diptera from ants' nests. By Frederick Knab and J. R. Malloch, communicated by A. M. Lea. Transactions Royal Society of South Australia, vol. 36, pp. 233-237. Read October 10. 1912 A borborid from an epiphytic bromeliad (Diptera; fam. Borboridae). Entomological News, vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 413-415, November. 1913 Remarks on geographical distribution: Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 201-202, January 10. 1913 Blood-sucking insects as transmitters of human disease. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 219-221, January 10. 1913 A proposal for the control, of certain mosquitoes. Science new ser., vol. 37, No. 943, pp. 147-148, January 24. 1913 Some neotropical Syrphidae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 13-15, February 20. 1913 Names and synonymy in Anopheles. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 15-17, February 20. 1913 Some earlier observations on the habits of Aphiochaeta juli (Brues) (Diptera, Phoridae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 2, p. 24, February 20. 1913 Larvae of Cyphonidae (Coleopt.) in Bromeliaceae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine ser., 2 vol. 24, pp. 54-55, March. 1913 A new bromelicolous Megarhinus (Diptera; Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 35-36, March 29. 1913 Changes in the mosquito-fauna of Panama. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, No. 1 pp. 40-42, April 9. 1913 Spider's web and malaria. Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 133-134, May 1. 1913 A new bot-fly from reindeer (Diptera; Muscoidea). Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, vol. 26, pp. 155-156, June 30. 1913 Three new neotropical mosquitoes. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 74-78, June 30. 1913 The species of Anopheles that transmit human malaria. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 33-43, July. 1913 Malaria, cause and control. By Wm. B. Herms. Science new ser., vol. 38, No. 970, pp. 162-164, Aug. 1. (Review.) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO 3, MAR., 1919 49 1913 New moth-flies (Psychodidae) bred from Bromeliaceae and other plants. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 46, pp. ln.'!- 106, No. 2015, August 23. 1913 Anopheles and malaria. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 3, p. 217, September. 1913 A new Heterostylum from Mexico (Diptcra, Bombyliidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 9, pp. 110-111, September 15. 1913 The contentions regarding "Forest malaria." Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 110-114, October 2. 1913 A question of authorship. Psyche, vol. 20, No. 5, p. 170. Octolu r 1913 A new Cuban Chaoborus (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 10, pp. 121-122, October 30. 1913 A new American Phlebotomus. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 1, No. 11, pp. 135-137, 1 fig., Nov. 29. 1913 The life-history of Dermatobia hominis. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 464-468, December. 1913 The lepidopterous caterpillar in the bromeliad from Costa Rica. Entomological News, vol. 24, No. 10, p. 467, December. 1913 Gad-flies (Tabanidae) of the genus Stibasoma. No. 2033. Pro- ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 46, pp. 407-412, December 23. 1913 A note on some American Simuliidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 1, No. 12, pp. 154-156, December 31. 1914 A new Pantophthalmus (Diptera, Pantophthalmidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 27-29, February 28. 1914 On the genus Cryptochaetum (Diptera, Muscidae acalpytratae), Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 33-36, March 30. 1914 Simuliidae de Chile septentrional. Analcs de Zoologia Aplicada, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17-22, pi. 1, April. 1914 New Mosquitoes from Peru (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 58—62, April 24. 1914 Simuliidae of Peru. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- ington, vol. 27, pp. 81-86, May 11. 1914 Ceratopogoninae sucking the blood of caterpillars. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 63-66, June 11'. 1914 Ceratopogononinae sucking the blood of other insects. Proc. Hut vSoc. Wash., vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 139-141, September 26. 191-1 Supplementary notes on Peruvian Simuliidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 27, pp. 123-124, July 10. 1914 A review of our species of Trigonometopus (Diptera; Lauxaniidae). Psyche, vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 123-126, August. 1914 New South American scientific journal. Anales de Zoologia Aplioada. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 298-299, August. 1914 A new mesembrine fly. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 4ti, No. 9, pp. 325-326, vSeptember. 50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1914 Papaya fruit fly. By Frederick Knab and W. W. Yothers. U. S. Dept. Agr. Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 447-454, pi. XLI-XLII, September 21. 1914 The oriental trigonometopine flies (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 131-133, October 2. 1914 Two North American Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 151-153, October 19. 1914 Drosophilidae with parasitic larvae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 165-169, December 7. 1914 Mosquitoes and sewage disposal. By Frederick Knab and August Busck. American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 333-338, November. 1915 New data and species in Simuliidae (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 177-180, January 14. 1915 A new Cuterebra from Panama (Diptera). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 187-188, Jan. 14. 1915 Notes on Peruvian mosquitoes and mosquito literature. Report of First Expedition to South America. Harvard School of Tropical Medicine, Cambridge (Mass.), 1915 Appendix, Art. Ill, pp. 212-217. 1915 Brauer on generic values in the Muscoidea. Annals of the Ento- mological Society of America, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 91-92, March. 1915 The Nemocera not a natural group of Diptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 93-98, March. 1915 Mosquitoes and sewage disposal. By Frederick Knab and August Busck. Southern Medical Journal, vol. 8, No. 3, p. 208, March. 1915 Dipterological miscellany. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol 17, No. 1, pp. 38-40, March 16. Evolution of the blood-sucking habit in Symphoromyia. Musca leprae Linne. A case of phoresy. 1915 Two new species of Pipinculus (Diptera Pipinculidae). Proceedings Biological Society Washington, vol. 28, pp. 83-86, pi. 3, April 13. 1915 Some West Indian Diptera. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 1-4, pp. 46-50, May 15. 1915 A new Simulium from Texas (Diptera, Simuliidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 5-7, pp. 77-78, July 20. 1915 Commensalism in Desmometopa. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 117-121, September 18. 1915 The secretions employed by rhynchophorous larvae in cocoon-making. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 154-158, September 18. 1915 Some new neotropical Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Re- search, vol. 6, Pt. 3, pp. 279-282, December. 1915 New Ceratopogoninae from Peru (Diptera, Chironomidae). In- secutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 8-10, pp. 109-111, Dec. 11. 1915 Notes on the species of Culex in the Bahamas. By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 8-10, pp. 112-115, December 11. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 3, MAR., 1919 ol 1915 A new American fruit-fly (Diptera; Trypetidae). Insccutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 3, No. 11-12, p. 146, December 31. 1915 Dung-bearing weevil larvae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 193-194, December 31. 1916 Carlos Finlay on the house-mosquitoes of Habana. (Abstract Proceedings of the 2nd Pan American Congress, Washington, D. C., Dec. 27, 1915-Jan. 8, 1916; Section VIII, Subsection 1, 1 p. I'.llti Carlos Finlay on the house mosquitoes of Habana. Proceedings of the 2nd Pan American Scientific Congress, Washington, U. S. A., Monday December 27, 1915 to Saturday, Jan. 8, 1916. Sec- tion 8 (in 2 parts), Part I, Public Health and Medicine, vol. 9, pp. 107-108, Discussion, pp. 108-110. 1916 The dispersal of some species of flies. (Abstract of paper read before 545th meeting Biological Society of Washington.) Science new ser., vol. 43, pp. 75-76, January 14. 1916 Four European Diptera established in North America. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 1-3, pp. 1-4, March 31. 1916 Tanypezidae in the United States (Diptera acalyptrata). By Frederick Knab and R. C. Shannon. Insecutor Inscitiae Men- struus, vol. 4, No. 1-3, pp. 33-36, March 31. 1 '. 1 1 ( i Dispersal of some Ortalidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 40-46, fig, 1-3, April. 1916 Mycetobia and the classification of the Diptera. Entomological News, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 259-262, 2 figs., June. 1916 The earliest name of the yellow fever mosquito. Insecutor In- scitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 4-6, pp. 59-60, July 18. HUG Eggs and oviposition in certain species of Mansonia (Diptera; Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 4-6, pp. 61-68, 2 figs., July 18. 1916 A new mosquito from the eastern United States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 29, pp. 161-164, Sept. 6. 1916 Critical notes on Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, Xo. 7-9, pp. 91-95, October 23. 1916 What is Tabanus mexicanus? Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 7-9, pp. 95-100, fig. 1-2, October 23. l'.»16 Egg disposal in Dermatobia hominis. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 179-182, November 27. 11H7 Further notes on Syrphidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 4, No. 10-12, pp. 133-135, January 12. 1917 Bromelicolous Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae). By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 1-3, pp. 38 40, April 6. 1917 On some North American species of Microdon. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, vol. 30, pp. 133-144, July 27. 1917 Notes on Aedes curriei (Coquillett) (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 7-9, pp. 122-125, October 15. 52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 1917 A new ortalid from the Philippines (Diptera, Ortalidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 7-9, pp. 125-127, October 15. 1918 New American mosquitoes (Diptera, -Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 10-12, pp. 165-169, Jan. 29. 1918 The genus Culex in the United States. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 5, No. 10-12, pp. 170-183, Jan. 29. 1918 A second Mycetophila with dung-bearing larva (Diptera; Myceto- philidae). Entomological News, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 139-142, pi. 8, April. 1918 Bromelicolous Anopheles, a correction (Diptera, Culicidae). By H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, vol. 6, No. 7-9, pp. 140-141, October 30. TWO MICROLEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO STRAWBERRY. BY AUGUST BUSCK. Tortricodes fragariana, new species. Labial palpi porrected, smooth, light gray, mottled externally with white- tipped black scales. Head and face brownish fuscous, each scale slightly tipped with white. Forewings brownish fuscous, overlaid with black and reddish scales; a darker basal area with outwardly angulated edge is followed by a broad illdefined whitish fuscous fascia, which gradually fades into the darker posterior part of the wing; the outer edge of the fascia is emphasized by three reddish brown tufts of raised scales and by small, broken groups of black scales; a small, reddish brown tuft is found on the lower half of the fascia near the basal patch and another similar tuft is found at the end of the cell; cilia gray. Hindwings light, silvery fuscous with lighter cilia. Ab- domen yellowish fuscous. Legs blackish with narrow white annulations. Alar expance: 17 mm. Habitat: Victoria, British Columbia. U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22109. According to the Dominion Assistant Entomologist, Mr. W. Downes, this species "breeds commonly in the buds at the head of the crowns of Strawberry." This is the first published record of the occurrence of this in- teresting genus in North America, but horariana, Walsingham, (Dyar No. 5414) also belongs in this genus; so does probably basiplagana, Walsingham, of which however we have no authentic specimens except the types in British Mus. The present species differs from the type in having vein 7 in the forewings to costa and in the smoother labial papli; it also has a short but distinct tongue. Aristotelia fragariae, new species. Second joint of labial palpi light fuscous on the inner side, blackish ex- teriorly ; tip of second joint light strawcolored ; terminal joint yellowish fuscous. The face and head yellowish fuscous, iridescent. Thorax dark fuscous. Forewings dark fuscous, overlaid with sparce yellowish scales; three indistinct PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 53 and illdefined blackish brown spots on the cell, another more denned black spot at the end of the cell; at apical third is an indistinct yellowish costal streak and around the edge is a postmarginal black line on the base of the cilia ; cilia light gray. Hindwings light fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous with yellowish anal tuft. Legs blackish fuscous with narrow ochreous annula- tions. Alarexpance: 12mm. Habitat: Victoria, British Columbia. U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22110. Received from Mr. W. Downes. This is the socalled "Straw- berry Crownborer," on which there is a considerable economic literature, but which has never received a specific name. The species is exceedingly close to Aristotelia absconditella, Walker, which feed on Polygonum; the lighter colored terminal joint of the labial palpi and minute differences in the white annulations of the antennae are the only slight distinctions, but slides of the male genitaliea prove the separation correct. In the National Museum are also specimens bred from straw- berry at Corvallis, Oregon. AVOCADO SEED WEEVILS. BY H. S. BARBER, Bureau of Entomology. Since the writer's 1912 note on the large weevil (Heilipus lauri Boh.) reared from Central American seeds of avocado, (Per sea spp.} a federal quarantine has become effective against importation of these seeds, and in this connection the weevil has been mentioned several times. Together with three other seed-infesting weevils mentioned hereafter, it was used in the seed fumigation experiments described by Sasscer 1915. A recent paper by Hoyt 1918 warns the avocado growers of Florida against this possible pest and mentions the feeding injury by the adult in confinement but no field observations (except those of Gandara and Inda 1914, in which the damage by some bark-borer and perhaps other pests also seems to have been confused with that by Heilipus} have yet offered us any basis upon which we may satisfy our curiosity as to the nature or extent of commercial damage liable from this weevil under its most favorable condi- tions. We are still in ignorance of the principal part of its biology since the only observations of which I am aware are based upon prepupal larvae and pupae found within imported seeds and upon the adult beetles issuing thereform. One of these latter lived under my observation for four and a half months, most of the time confined upon a potted seedling avocado about 14 inches high, which it killed by its voraceous feeding upon the leaves, buds, and finally upon the bark. Before being placed 54 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 3, MAR., 1919 upon this plant it had fed upon ripe avocado fruit and, when starved to it, upon the seed of the same.1 Two quite distinct though closely related forms of adults were mentioned in the 1912 note and it was then hoped that more material would soon be available, as well as observations on habits in its native home, but the infested seed subsequently received in Washington seems to have contained only the larvae of a somewhat smaller weevil often occurring a dozen or more in a single seed, and which when reared proved to be the species described below as Conotrachelus perseae. I know of no one who has noticed either weevil in its wild state. An excellent photo- graph of very serious injury to the pulp surrounding the seed was made by Wilson Popenoe at Panajachel, Guat. in Jan. 1917, and will apear in his forthcoming paper on Guatemalan Avocados (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 743, pi. XI). The larvae there shown are certainly weevil larvae (probably C. perseae}, but when found were mistaken for the larvae of the moth Stenoma sp. The two forms of Heilipus are so distinct in habitus that it seems best to use distinctive names for them but it is more than likely that intergrading forms will be discovered in avocado seed from other tropical American localities and require the reduction of the new form to the rank of a subspecies. In the ten specimens before me the relative lengths of the rostrum may be shown by the decimal quotients found by dividing the measured length of the beak (from margin of eye) by the measured length of the prono- tum (before scutellum) which are as follows: H. lauri & . 7 46.4 46.4 broken 32.1 43 32.1 21.4 18 32.1 35.7 50 46.4 21 .4 lit. 6 35.7 35.7 46.4 53 5 21 4 L9.6 35.7 35.7 46.4 41'. 8 broken t t m f 74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 32 1 44.5 50 broken . 35.7 50 53.5 21.4 21.4 37.4 35 .7 42 8 46.4 21 .4 21.4 35.7 35.7 49.9 35.7 21.4 17.8 35.7 28.5 42.8 39.2 21.4 21 .4 35.7 28.5 46.4 39.2 17.8 17.8 35.7 antennae and legs both rather small, the latter with the tibia and tarsus about equal in length, the hind coxae with numerous rather large, approx- imately circular pores, the number varying from 26 to 60, with the average to each coxa around 40; and lobes small, rather stout, round-pointed, with three large stout dorsal spines, the longest sometimes as much as 53 /x long, and apical, a subapical and basal ventral hair, apical hair 230-270 yu ="=, sub- apical 120 ju ±, longest anal ring hair about 125 ju =±= ; anal ring with 8 hairs, the ring itself typical of the genus; body dorsally with numerous large, slightly curved, strongly tapering spines, slender tipped, rounded at apex, these not noticeably differentiated in size or position from the similar marginal spines; body ventrally with a transverse row of small hairs, varying in length, on each of at least the abdominal segments; ventral multiocular gland pores rather numerous; dorsal cup-shaped gland bases rather broad and shallow, slightly asymmetrical. Male Piiparium. — Occurring on the leaves and twigs of the host; about 1.75 mm. long, elongate flat beneath, convex above, flattened caudally, with a wide horizontal semicircular opening at the caudal apex; delicate in texture, thin but opaque, w'hitish, surface rather fuzzy. This species has been described from 13 specimens mounted on slides and a number of specimens in position on the host plant, sent from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, December, 1910, under collection number 854a, some material from "Myrtaccous plant, ' ' some on ' 'Myricia apiculate' ' and some on an unstated host. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Erium Cockerell. This genus is credited to Crawford in the Catalogue of the Goccidae of the World, 1903, p. 112 by Mrs. Fernald, and to Maskell by Ferris in The California Species of Mealy Bugs, 1918, p. 7.i. An examination of the first bibliographical reference given in the Catalogue, that to Maskell (Trans. N. Z. Inst. XXIV, 1891, p. 35) shows that Maskell describes the type species of the genus, globosus Mask, as a P seudococcus , and merely states that in the Crawford collection, from which he obtained his specimens of the species, it had been labeled Erium globositni. Maskell does not make any statement which could be construed as establishing the name Erium as even a subdivision of the genus Pseudococcus, and consequently the first use of this name in literature for a group of coccids is by Cockerell (Am. Nat. XXXI, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 4, APR., 1919 IO 1897, p. 590), who states "(5). Erium, Crawford, ins. This name will stand for the subgenus of Dactylopins without lateral cottony tufts, . The type is D. globosus Mask.," and the genus must therefore be credited to him and from that date. So far as is known to the writer, there are at present two de- scribed species of this genus from South America, one, Erium parcispinosMH (Leon.) (Eriococcus parcispinosus Leon. Bol. Lab. Zool. gen. e agr. R. Scuola sup. d'Agr. Portici, vol. V, 1911, 248-9, fig. VII), and the other E. annaiuni (Hemp.) (Eriococcus armatus Hempel, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IV, 1900, p. 38-3) both incorrectly described originally as Eriococcus. The proper position of E. parcispinosiim (Leon.) does not appear to have been noted heretofore. Assuming that the published descriptions and figures of the two species are correct, they may easily be separated by an examination of the antennae, E. parcispinosum having 8-segmented antennae, while those of E. arniatitni are 7-segmented. Erium armatum (Hemp.) is represented in the collection from Sr. Jorgensen by material from Mendoza, Argentina, host and date of collection not given, under collection number oN/>. Subfam. TACHARDIINAE. Genus Tachardia R. Blanch. Tachardia lycii Leon. The specimens of this species in the collection at hand agree very well with Leonardos description and figures of Tachardia lycii (Bol. Lab. Zool. gen. e agr. R. Scuola sup. d'Agr. Portici, vol. V, 1911, p. 250) with the single exception that they average larger than the measurements given by him. While it is of course impossible to make any definite statement, it appears to the writer, after a careful study of Leonardos description of /". cordaliae (Ibid., p. 258), that it is very doubtfully distinct from the T. lycii described on the preceding pages. Two lots of material have been examined, both from Mendoza, Argentine under collection numbers .'•>// and ;>9r, then- being no additional data. Subfamily COCCINAE. In addition to the known and apparently new species of this subfamily which are treated in their proper systematic sequence, there were four lots of material which could not be determined specifically on account of the scarcity of specimens, but these are included with generic or tentative determinations for the sake of the greatest possible completeness in the report, as follows: Pulvinaria sp. This species, from Misiones, Argentina, Nov. 1910, under collection number KiXa, is probably new, but there 76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 is only a single mounted specimen, and some unmounted parts of other specimens available for examination, so it must be left until additional material is available for study. Ceroplastes sp. Under collection number 17 there are a few specimens of a Ceroplastes obtained from Veronica elliptica at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, but the number is too few and their condition too poor to make a specific determination possible. Ceroplastes sp. Under collection number 3 there is a specimen or two of a species of this genus, possibly the same as the pre- ceding, obtained from Lithraea molleoides at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911. As in the preceding lot, the material is insufficient for specific determination. Akermes verrucosus (Sign.)(?). From Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina on Solanaceae, November, 1910, under collection number 92a, there is a single specimen of a large convex, almost spherical, lecanine scale insect, which seems to agree rather well with Signoret's description of Lecanium verrucosum (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., (5) III, 1873, p. 442) which was described from Monte- vidio, Uruguay, and has been placed by Cockerell in his genus Akermes. The writer is inclined to question the correctness of this reference of Signoret's species to Akermes, since it has well developed legs and antenne, while the type of the genus, A. bruneri Ckll. has both of these so very greatly reduced that they are almost wanting. Genus Ceroplastes Gray. Ceroplastes bruneri Ckll. The specimens of this species from the Jorgensen collection are all immature, but a comparison with the type material, kindly deposited in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae by Prof. Cockerell leaves no question as to the identity of the material. Prof. Cockerell (Can. Ent., XLII, 1910, p. 76) establishes this species as the type of a new subgenus, Ceroplastidia. This sub- genus, so far as the writer can determine, is synonymous with Gascardia Targ., a genus described by Targionia Tozzetti (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XXVI, 1894, p. 456, "and placed by him in the) subfamily Tachardiinae, but redescribed by Newstead (Quart. Jour. Inst. Comm. Res. Liverpool Univ., vol. Ill, 1908, p. 3 et. seq.) and properly placed close to and doubtfully distinct from the genus Ceroplastes. Neither genus appears to be founded on any definite morphological characters that would distinctly separate it from Ceroplastes, and Newstead's opinion regarding the very close relationship with the latter genus appears to be fully justified by an examination of Prof. Cockerell's type of Cero- plastidia. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 7< The wax in the immature specimens of C. bninen which are in this collection is light olive-green in color, while the white secretion mentioned by Cockerell is very conspicuous. There are three lots of the material, one on Leguminosae from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina under collection number o2a, one from Misiones, Argentina on Acacia, June 17, 1909, and the third from Misiones, Argentina on Acacia riparia, May, 1909, both of the latter without collection numbers. Ceroplastes grandis Hempel. The material of this species in this collection has been com- pared with cotype specimens from Mr. Hempel. The size of the dried cotype specimens is somewhat smaller than is indicated by Hempel in his original description (Riv. Mus. Paulista, vol. IV, 1900, p. 455), while the color is a uniform light buff or pale clay- yellow, with two narrow lateral streaks of white secretion on each side. All of the Jorgensen material is somewhat smaller than this cotype material, not much more than S mm. in length in any case, but it has not been possible to find anything else that would differentiate these lots of specimens from the cotype (.". grandis of Hempel, all the structural characters apparently being the same, if allowance be made for only a limited amount of variation. The material examined is as follows: On Cephoreseyhon barbinervis, Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, collection number 10; on Scutia buscifolia, Buenos Aires, Feb. 191 1, collec- tion number 11; on Compositae and on Baccharis salicifolia, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, October, 1910, collection number for both hosts 76a ; on Vitex montividiensis, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. 1910, collection number '.)'2'2d; on Actimostema lanceolata, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. (1910?), collec- tion number 395a; on Ilex Paraguay ensis, Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct. 1910, collection number JSSOa; on unstated host, May, 1911, Buenos Aires, Argentina, without collection number. It is of course impossible to make a definite statement without having type material to examine, but there seems to be nothing but the question of size to distinguish Cockerell's Ceroplastes bergi (Com. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires no. S, 1901, p. 2SS) from ( '. grandis Hempel. The question of the difference in the number of antennal segments is deliberately ignored in making this suggestion, especially since Prof. Cockerell mentions that one of the joints in the antennae is indistinct. In view of the fact that the final color of the dried cotype material, received from Hempel, of C. grandis is buff or clay-yellow, quite different from the color of the fresh and probably living specimens as noted by Hempel in his original description, there is evidently a gradual but 78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 very decided change in the color of the wax, presumably due to its drying out after death or separation of the insect from the living host plant, and any differences in the color of the wax of C. bergi, as compared with C. grand-is such as are noted by Cock- erell, are easily susceptible of explanation as being due to the stage of the drying-out process which had been reached when they were described by Prof. Cockerell. Ceroplastes novaesi Hempel. The writer has identified as this species four lots of material, two each from widely separated localities in Argentina, although with some doubt and certain reservations. However, it is not considered advisable, in view of the present condition of the classification of this genus, to describe any new species where material is possibly referable to any described species. The specimens from the Jorgensen collection have been compared with cotype material in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae, kindly contributed by Mr. Hempel. No material of Ceroplastes novaesi mendozae Ckll. (Can. Ent. XXXIV, 1902, p. 93) has been available for examination. The collections are as follows: Mendoza, Argentina, on Baccharis salicifolia, Feb. 10, 1909, collection number 14t; Mendoza, Argentina, on Baccharis subulata, Feb. 8, 1909, collection number ISc; Bomplana, Misiones, Argen- tina, on Baccharis sp. July, 1910, collection number 181a; Bom- plana, Misiones, Argentina, on Compositae, June 1910, collection number 72lh. Ceroplastes subrotundus Leon. The material at hand, as in the preceding species is somewhat doubtfully referred to this species of Leonardi. The description agrees quite well, particularly if allowances are made for the scarcity of the material available to Leonardi for examination, and for the rather poor condition of the Jorgensen specimens of the species. It is represented by a lot of material from Cordillera de Mendoza, Argentina, on Caesalpinia praecox (Leguminosae), Feb. 8, 1909, collection number 4a. Ceroplastes lucidus Hempel. This species is represented in the Jorgensen collection b\ a single lot of material from Mendoza, Argentina on Lippia lycioides, Feb. 8, 1909, under collection number 1266. A com- parison with cotypes of this species deposited in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae by Mr. Hempel shows no apparent mor- phological differences and only the single external difference that the color of the wax in the specimens from Mendoza is a yellow-brown while in the type material it is strongly reddish brown. Hempel in his original description notes this variation in his material. It seems rather surprising to find this species PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 79 apparently occurring naturally in two such widely separated localities as southeastern Brazil and western Argentina, although what seems to be a similar situation exists in the case of C. novae si Hempel. The following species of this genus is described with some hesitation, but it has not been possible to place the specimens even approximately under any already described species from this region, although it is quite possible that the species has already been described. Ceroplastes deciduosus, 11. sp. (PL 4, fig. 6; pi. 7, fig. 2, A-G.) Adult Female. — Occurring on the twigs of the host, strongly convex, sub- hemispherical, length, covered with wax, about 5 mm., width about 4.25 mm., height 2.5 mm.; in the fully developed female covered with wax the shape stout convex, with the whole surface irregularly nodulose, while the wax plate divisions are wholly obscured ; in the immature forms (probably adult females before the development of ovaries and the chitinization of the derm) much less convex, rather flat pyramidal with the apex broadly truncate, with a sort of stout horseshoe-shaped dorsal waxy ridge surrounding the elongate oval central nucleus and with the borders of the poorly defined lateral plates produced into stout wavy ridges and otherwise pitted and ridged; normal color of the wax light golden yellow, but this varying to a dark orange-red in some individuals; wax on the dried specimens semi-trans- parent yellow within, hard and brittle, not very thick, and evidently very easily deciduous, since of the four specimens of adult females available for examination, three are completely denuded of wax and the fourth has a large chunk missing from one side ; denuded female quite variable in color and usually conspicuously mottled, the colors ranging from blood-red to pale yellow, almost cream color; with a number of shallow pits dorsally among which it is possible to distinguish a more or less defined submedian dorsal row on each side running forward from anterior to the anal plates; surface except for the pits smooth and shining, except along the margin in the region of the spiracular grooves where it is punctured and wrinkled; the female boiled in KOH giving off a dark reddish brown color which stains the liquid strongly; the derm of the adult female still remaining yellow-brown with occasional clear areas after boiling, with the caudal horn inconspicuous and only slightly differentiated; in the immature- specimens the caudal horn is low, slightly conical and more distinctly differentiated from the rest of the derm which becomes colorless on boiling; antennae of adult female 6-segmented, the measurements in microns as follows: II. III. IV. V. VI. 43 100 2! 4 25 28 5 39.2 101 .5 21 ! 28.5 32 n; i 100 42 S 35.7 43 103. 51 21.4 25 32 1 With an almost complete pseudo-joint IUMI tin- apex. 80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 legs as usual in the genus, the measurements of one of an adult female as^ follows: coxa, lOOyu, trochanter 64. 2/x, femur 110. GM, tibia 93^, tarsus, 43ju, claw I7.8fj., the measurements in all cases being of the greatest length, the corresponding parts on the different legs being approximately equal in length with the exception of the coxae, which are progressively larger from fore to hind, claw short and stout, in some specimens at least with a tiny denticle at tip, so the apex appears bidentate; with two digitules, one about twice the length of the claw, slender, knobbed at apex, the other a little longer, distinctly stouter and with an elongate flattened, blade-like apex; tarsal digitules about as long as claw digitules, both slender, knobbed at apex; shank of spiracles slender, ends greatly enlarged transversely, the outer more than the inner; marginal spines elongate, slender, acute, widely separated; spiracular spines numerous, stout, bullet-shaped or cylindrical, with the apex tapering conically and truncate, arranged in a close cluster of from about 26 to 48, varying considerably in size among themselves and in shape as well, those along the body margin the largest; dorsal surface with scattered elongate, slender, peg-like spines with rounded apices; ventral surface with similar but smaller and more scattered spines or hairs; dorsally with scattered un- usual triocular pores, the three openings arranged in line, the two outer circular and much smaller than the inner ; ventrally with a band of, roughly, around 200 multiocular disk pores running from each spiracle to the cor- responding group of spines, with curved transverse bands of similar pores surrounding and anterior to the anal plates, and with some very minute scattered pores, apparently similar to the triocular pores described for the dorsum, although too small to be definitely recognized; anal plates together forming almost a circle, inserted at the apex of the small cone, an average length 157 M, width of each 78 /*; each plate with the inner margin straight and the outer continuously curved, but plainly widest before the middle so the posterior outer face of the curve is longest and least sharp; showing a continuous thickening around the margin due to heavy chitinization ; with two marginal setae near the caudal apex, the inner and posterior about 28p long, the outer and anterior about 43 n long, normally with two dorsal setae set on the inner half about one-fourth or a little more of the plate length from the posterior apex and a third set close to or on the inner margin of the plate about half-way between the other two and the apex, but with some variation in these positions; ventrally on each plate with a single seta set close to the edge just anterior to and below the outer marginal seta, and with two or usually three other setae in a row along the ventral ridge of the plate, the posterior of these the largest, all these ventral setae smaller than those oc- curring on the dorsum; with five fringe setae on each side, the outer two the largest, the inner three smaller, the five forming into two groups; anal ring small, stout, nearly circular, with a row of pores along the inner and outer margins and with three hairs on each half, these set near the outer margin. This species has been described from 2o specimens mounted on slides and from a number in position on the host plant, these nearly all immature. They were collected on Lapium big- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 M landulosum at Buenos Aires, Argentina, May, 1911, under collec- tion number \'l. The type's are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Ceroplastodes Ckll. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp. (PI. 4, fig. 7; pi. 6, fig. 3, A-G.) Test of Female. — Occurring on the small stems of the host; length about i1. 75 mm., width 1.5 mm. height 1 mm., elongate oval, strongly convex, ends rounded, with low broad median carina which runs from the anal opening to the anterior border, except for a short distance at either end, and is divided into three sections, frequently with part missing or reduced; rest of dorsum smooth, laterally with a row of small blunt tubercles above, with a row of impressions or shallow pits below, these followed lower down by another row of low tubercles, this arrangement poorly defined and often not determinable ; the test somewhat glassy, translucent whitish showing faint straight lines radiating from the lateral pits and wavy lines, somewhat similar to those on a mussel-shell, encircling the group of lateral pits; the anal plate orifice irregularly elongate oval. Adult Female. — Color of dried form varying from light chestnut to dark reddish brown; body shriveling to the anterior end of the test, and wholly free from it, the fully expanded female mounted on a slide as much as 2.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. broad, broad oval, the anal cleft short, so the anal plates are not inserted more than twice their own length within the posterior body margin; giving off a yellow-brown stain when boiled in KOH, the derm becoming nearly colorless; antennae quite variable, 7 to 8-segmented, the difference due to a division of the fourth segment, and indicated in the follow- ing table of measurements in microns by placing the measurements of the fourth segment in the 7-segmented antennae under the combined heading IV and V : II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. 35.7 71 .4 49.9 46.4 32.1 32.1 46.4 35.7 74.9 49.9 39.2 39.2 32.1 46.4 35.7 71.4 4:2.8 32.1 24.9 21 .4 49.9 39.2 74.9 89.2 39.2 35.7 57.1 42.8 74.9 85.6 35.7 35.7 60.6 32.1 71.4 71 4 12.8 39.2 49.9 32.1 74.9 74 '.( 35.7 39.2 If. t 35.7 74.9 85 . 5 39.2 :;L> . 1 49.9 legs large, rather stout, average measurements of a middle leg as follows: coxa, 153. 5/x, trochanter 100 yu, femur 178.5/u, tibia 160. 6,u, tarsus 114. 2/u, flaw 25/u, tarsal digitule 57^, claw digitule 28.5/u, tarsal digitules long and slender, slightly knobbed at apex, claw digitules both stout, slightly swollen basally and apically; body margin with a continuous row of rather stout tapering spines, very bluntly rounded, almost truncate at apex, averaging about 18-22(u long and most spaced a little further apart than the length of one spine; accompanied by an occasional submarginal slender sharp 82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 seta about as long as one of the spines; spiracular region normally with three spines larger than the marginal, but sometimes with an additional pair of differentiated spines, the median the largest, averaging 57—71/j. long, the second pair averaging proportionally to the median 36-57 n long, the third pair when differentiated, still smaller; dorsally with an occasional small spine-like seta set in a well-developed socket; ventrally with a median pair of long slender hairs on several segments anterior to the anal plates and with a pair of unequal size hairs near the antennal bases; dorsal glands apparently wholly of the long-tubed cup-shaped base type, these scattered dorsally but rather numerous along the body margin; with an anterior and a posterior dorsal pair of peculiar circular structures, probably the same as the submarginal tubercles of Coccus and related genera, each pair quite close to the corresponding end of the body; ventrally apparently with only circular multiocular disk pores, the scattered row running from each spiracle to the spiracular spines small, about 4/j, diameter and with about 6 oculi, those occurring in bands and clusters in considerable numbers around and anterior to the anal plates much larger, about 7/u in diameter, and apparently with about 12 oculi; anal plates about 133 /j. long and 71 n wide, each triangular, with the posterio- lateral side longer than the anterio-lateral, with a distinct apical seta, usually broken off, about 32 ^ long, with three dorsal setae, the first about one-fourth of the plate length from the posterior apex and near the inner margin, the second a little further from the apex and nearer the outer margin of the plate than the inner, the third distinctly nearer the cephalic than the caudal apex of the plate and quite close to its inner edge; with three setae rather close together on the ventral ridge, the outer the largest, protruding beyond the plate apex; with a single large fringe seta on each side; anal ring apparently with 6 hairs, but this not determinable with certainty. This species has been described from 5 females mounted on a slide and a number of unmounted specimens in position on the host plant, which appears to be a Compositae, although not named. The material is from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, Oct., 1 ! ) 1 0, on an unstated host plant under collection number 7 10ft. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. Genus Pseudokermes Ckll. Pseudokermes nitens (Ckll.) (PI. 4, fig. 9.) This species is represented by material from Bomplana, Misiones, Argentina, on Eugenia uniflora, Oct., 1910, under collection number 158a. Genus Akermes Ckll. Akermes bruneri Ckll. (PI. 4, fig. 10.) This species is represented in the Jorgensen collection by one lot of material from Posadas, Misiones, Argentina, on Celt-is tala, April, liMO, under collection number 728. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 The antennae and legs are present but minute and very greatly reduced; it has not so far been possible to locate any spiracular or marginal spines, although they probably occur in the species. The band of multiocular disk pores running from each spiracle to the margin of the body is very heavy, probably including several hundred of these pores closely crowded together. Genus Saissetia Targ. Saissetia oleae (Bern.) This species is represented by two lots of material, one from Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Pittosporum tobira, May, 1911, with collection number 8, the other from the same locality, on Nerium oleander, during the same period, with collection number 5. Saissetia silvestrii Leon. There are a few specimens of what seems without question to be this species in the collection from Buenos Aires, Argentina, on Celtis tala, May, 1911, under collection number 24. The species was originally described from Cacheuta, somewhere in the subandean region of the republic from Zuccagnia punctata, and with no further records of its distribution in Argentina available, the evidence indicates a probable artificial introduction into Buenos Aires. Saissetia argentina, n. sp. (PL 4,%. 11; pi. 7, fig. 1, A-H.) Adult Female. — Occurring on the small twigs and branches of the host, frequently closely crowded in clusters; leaving a whitish mark, formed by waxy secretion when detached from the host; maximum length 2.75 mm., maximum width about 2.75 mm., height 2.25 mm., strongly convex, irreg- ularly hemispherical, apparently normally covered with a thin transparent coating of hard wax which is very easily deciduous, leaving only a few small irregular wax scales on the more prominent points on the dorsum; surface of both wax and body faintly shining, smooth, body surface usually with a low elongate mid-dorsal ridge, this not noticed in a few specimens and typi- cally with two shallow pits on each side of the middle line on the dorsum, these sometimes confluent so that there is apparently only a single elongate but short, shallow groove running lengthwise on the body on each side of the middle line; with a slight suggestion of a cubical form, due to the presence of faint traces of broad slightly rounded ridges at the four "corners" of the body, these elevations very indistinct or wanting, lateral only, not con- tinued onto the dorsum; body surface in a band all around the margin faintly pitted and rugose, this rather broad band occurring between the margin and a lateral row of pits similar to those described as present on the dorsum, but less developed and more numerous; the body shape usually more ir- regular than described, in crowded specimens; body color reddish brown, 84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., about burnt sienna, with numerous closely set large, oval or somewhat ir- regular lighter brown areas, representing the derm pores; boiled in KOH the insect giving off a reddish brown stain, and staining the liquid a light reddish brown; the derm becoming semitransparent, but remaining strong reddish brown in color; the dorsal pits already mentioned appearing as two deep heavily chitinized pocket-like invaginations of the dorsum on each side ; the derm pores clear, conspicuous, irregular in shape and size, with the median dorsal area showing small circular to oval pores, these gradually increasing in size till outside of the dorsal pits, there forming a broad circle of large irregularly shaped rather closely crowded pores, these again decreasing in size gradually till they become even smaller than the mid-dorsal pores in the submarginal area, becoming relatively minute in the marginal area, the pores in the anal plate area radiating more or less distinctly from the plates; antennae much reduced in size and length, maximum total length about 120 n, approaching the rudimentary type, obscurely 5 to 7-segmented, the joints so indistinct and variable as to prevent accurate tabulations of antennal measurements, measurements of a single antenna about as follows: I, 17 n, II, 7.5yu, III and IV, 47 p. (with possible division making III 21.5/x and IV 25/x), V, HM, VI, 7yu, VII, 14 M (these lengths not including any allowances for space occupied by joints), the joint between III and IV, if present, very indistinct, the joints between V, and VI and VII large but incomplete; legs small, semi-rudimentary, rather stout in proportion to the length, with the different parts poorly formed and indistinctly separated, particularly the tibia and tarsus; total length, including the elongated coxa 105/x or less; coxa with about 5 hairs, trochanter very much reduced, with one or two hairs, femur apparently with three hairs, tibia apparently with four hairs, tarsus with about four hairs, tarsal digitules relatively long and slender, produced more than half the length of the claw beyond its apex, slightly knobbed at apex, claw short, broad and stout, the digitules similar to those of the tarsus but not so long; marginal spines few, scattered rather evenly along the body edge, small with slightly swollen bases, tapering uniformly to an acute tip, maximum length about 14 /z, those at posterior end of body- adjacent to anal cleft more closely set, and as much as 29 /x long; spiracular spines typical of the genus, with one relatively long and large one, flanked by a very much smaller one on each side, middle spine 82 n long, lateral spines each about 12. SM long all tapering, bluntly rounded at apices; dorsal surface apparently without spines or hairs, except for a few of the former, similar to and a little smaller than the marginal spines and probably homologous with them, placed along the edge of the anterior curve of the gap in which the anal plates are inserted; ventral surface writh a number of slender hairs of various sizes some minute ones close to the spiracles, the exact position and relation of the others not determinable, but apparently with a pair much larger than the others somewhere anterior to the anal plates; the dorsal gland cell cavities or pores quite variable in size, depending on their location, with the true pore or opening a minute circle usually to one side of the very PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 S.~> thin transparent outer surface covering of the cell cavity; the transparent area varying from irregularly circular to irregularly elongate oval, and usually surrounded by an area of darker brown than the remainder of the derm with approximately but by no means exactly the same shape as the clear area; of the clear areas, the largest observed in the subdorsal region about 170/i in largest diameter, the diameters in the middorsal region ranging from 25-50 ^ with the larger size nearer the average, through the whole dorsal and sub- dorsal region with an occasional minute pore with a diameter of about G/u; the distances between the middorsal pores varying, but rarely less than 5(V; in the region of the large subdorsal pores, the minimum wridth of the chitinized separating area about the same, although on account of the larger size of the clear areas, the resulting impression given is that they are more closely crowded; in the submarginal region the clear areas smaller than dorsally, but even closer together and usually elongate oval in shape, the pores in- the marginal band all much smaller than elsewhere, though very uneven in size, nearly circular, with a maximum diameter of about 15^, and separated by widely varying distances, the minimum being about 25/u, but giving the im- pression that they are far more widely scattered and separated than in other regions of the dorsum; ventrally with fairly numerous but scattered minute elongate slender tubular glands with cup-shaped bases, the total length from opening to end of cup about 21 M, and with multiocular pores, a few scattered near each spiracle, an occasional one in the derm between it and the spiracular spines, and rather numerous groups in the anal plate region, the exact number and position of these not determinable; anal cleft completely fused for prac- tically its entire length; anal plates together forming a short oval, almost a circle, sometimes unequal in length, maximum length about 165 /u, width of each about 68-70 ju, inner margins more or less parallel-wavy, but nearly straight, outer margins almost uniformly curved from base to apex; with four dorsal spines, one apical, two subapical and quite close to the apex, and the fourth a little caudad of the middle and quite close to the inner margin of the plate, with three or usually four spines of different lengths on the ventral ridge of each plate, with a single small fringe seta and with four small hypopygial setae, each plate with from one to five indistinct scattered oval pores in a slightly curved row running caudad and medially from a point on the outer margin about one-third of the plate length from its base, when only a single pore is present, located about the middle of the length of the plate and well inside the outer margin; with a small anal ring, length 87 M, width 36 M, very distinctly divided into two wide slightly curved halves, each about lOju wide, with 10 anal ring hairs in all, the longest of these about 128ju, rather slender. This species has been described from 15 specimens and parts of specimens mounted on slides and from a considerable amount of unmounted material, all from Mendoza, Argentina, collection number I7h, no data as to host or date of collection available. The types are in the U. S. National Collection of Coccidae. 86 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 vSubfam. DIASPINAE. Genus Aspidiotus Bouche. Aspidiotus hederae (Vallot). This, the only Diaspinae included in the collection received from vSr. Jorgensen, has been identified by Mr. E. R. Sasscer. It was obtained at Buenos Aires, Argentina on Nectandra acutifolia, May, 1911, under collection number 23, and was found in the bottoms of small cup or pocket galls formed on the leaves of the host and protruding from the surface. Since it was possible to find an occasional Psyllid nymph in the same situation, how- ever, it appears certain that the latter insect and not the Aspi- diotus was responsible for the formation of the galls. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 4. (All of these photographs are 2*/2 times enlargement.) Fig. 1. Icerya minima, n. sp. adult females. Fig. 2. Eriococcus mendozae, 11. sp., sacs of adult females on host. Fig. 3. A sterolecanium viridulum Ckll., adult females on host. Fig. 4. Birchippia americana Leon., adult females on host. Fig. 5. Eriococcus leguminicola, n. sp., sacs of females on host. Fig. 6. Ceroplastes deciduosus, n. sp., incompletely developed adult females. Fig. 7. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp., tests of adult females on host. Fig. 8. Ericoccus jorgenseni, n. sp., sacs of adult females on host. Fig. 9. Pseudokermes nitens Ckll., adult females, somewhat injured by lepidopterous larva which has wTebbed the specimens. Fig. 10. Akermes bruneri Ckll., adult females on host. Fig. 11. Saissetia argentina, n. sp. adult females on host. Plate 5. (The designations of the body spines figured in this plate are as follows: A. anal lobe spine; D. dorsal spine; M. marginal spine.) Fig. 1. Eriococcus mendozae, n. sp.: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66 C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, XI32; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132; G. dorsal cupshaped gland duct, X256; H. apex of abdomen showing anal lobes and ring, dorsally to left, ventrally to right, with the characteristic number and position of the dorsal spines and the ventral hairs, XI 32. Fig. 2. Eriococcus leguminicola, n. sp.: A. antenna, X6G; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, XI 32; E. body spines from Mimosa, X2;~>6; F. body spines from Caesalpinia, X256; G. young larva from dorsum, X66. Fig. 3. Eriococcus perplexus Hempel: A. antenna, XlHi; B. fore leg, X66; PI.ATK 4 PROC. ENT. S(lC. WASH., VOL. 21 MORRISON— ARGENTINE COCCIDAK PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VI) I.. 21 PLATli .5 M()RRIS< >N— ARGENTINE O H'CI DA K PLATE 6 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21 MORRISON— ARGENTINE COCCIDAE PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 7 0 . S> •„•••; -?.' Oo c^k ° ° ° o . . dS>o \ f o ^cP ^^ • j^7 •::\^ ••:. ( ^^ ^c? 20 - ^^^ ^ MORRISON-ARGKNTIM: COCCIDAK 90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores in groups, X132; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132. Fig. 4. Eriococcus jorgenseni, n. sp.: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256; F. apex of hind femur showing pores, X132. Fig. 5. Eriococcus brasiliensis Ckll., material from the Jorgensen collection: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256. Fig. 6. Eriococcus brasiliensis Ckll., material from Nat. Coll. Coccidae: A. antenna, X66; B. fore leg, X66; C. hind leg, X66; D. hind coxa showing pores, X132; E. body spines, X256. Plate 6. Fig. 1. Asterolecanium viridulum Ckll.: A. lateral marginal paired and single gland pores of adult female at the point where the two change from double to single, X427; B. cephalic marginal paired and single gland pores of adult female, X427; C. apex of body of adult female, X223; D. young larva from the dorsum, X223; E. antenna of larva, X427; F. leg of larva, X427. Fig. 2. Icerya minima, n. sp.: A. antenna of adult female, X11U; B. leg of adult female, XI 10; C. apex of antenna of adult female showing the two terminal segments only partially separated, XI 10; D. thoracic spiracle of adult female, X427; E. abdominal spiracle of adult female, X427; F. ventral cicatrices of adult female, X110; G. portion of same showing areolation, X427; H. portion of ven- tral ovisac-secreting band of adult female showing pores and peculiar hairs, X223; I. largest marginal seta of adult female, X223; J. leg of young larva, XI 10; K. antenna of young larva. XI 10; L. apex of abdomen of young larva from dorsum, XI 10; M . disk gland pores of adult female, X427. Fig. 3. Ceroplastodes misiones, n. sp., all drawings from adult female: A. eight-segmented antenna, X110; B. seven-segmented antenna, XI 10; C. leg, XI 10; D. anal plates from dorsum showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setae (broken), X223; E. body margin showing marginal and spiracular spines, X223; F. submarginal tubercle, X427; G. ventral multiocular disk gland pores, the smaller, from the spiracular group, the larger from the anal plate region, X427. Plate 7. Fig. 1. Saissetia argentina, 11. sp., all figures from adult female : A. antenna, X427; B. leg, X427; C. surface view of spiracle, X223; D. anal plates from dorsum showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setea (broken), X223; E. anal ring, X427; F. margin of body with mar- ginal and spiracular spines, X427; G. section of dorsal derm from center to lateral margin of body showing dorsal pores and relative PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 91 size and arrangement of derm pores, X33; H. dorsal derm, showing relative size and arrangement of derm pores in anal plate region, X110. Fig. 2. Ceroplastes deciduosus, n. sp., all drawings from adult but not fully- developed female: A. antenna, X223; leg, X223; C. anal plates and ring from dorsum, showing dorsal setae (solid) and ventral setae (broken), X223; D. spiracular spine group, X223; E. spiracle X223; F. dorsal pores and a spine, X427; G. chitinized anal plate cone as flattened on slide, X33. DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF BUPRESTIDAE FROM ARIZONA (COL.). BY W. S. FISHER, Bureau of Entomology. TRIBE ACMAEODERINI. (Julodini Lee. and Horn, not Lacordaire.) The classification used below is to a large measure based upon that proposed by Kerremans although alterations have been made to suit our fauna, and the tribe name has been changed in accordance with our established rules of nomenclature. For this tribe Kerremans used the name Polycesiini, based on the genus Polyccsta described by Solier in 1833, but as Aanaeodera was described by Eschscholtz in 1829, the tribe must take its name from the latter genus, and in fact, Kerremans used this name in his earlier works. Key to the Nortli American genera. 1 . Tarsal claws simple Polycestti Sol. Tarsal claws toothed 2 2 . Scutellum visible 3 Scutellum not visible Acmaeodera Esch. 3 . Metasternal episterna covered by elytra 4 Metasternal episterna not covered by elytra Chrysophnnu Lee. 4 . Tarsal claws deeply toothed Ptosima Sol. Tarsal claws with inconspicuous tooth at base ."> 5. Tarsi cordiform (South American.) Tyiidaris Thorns. Tarsi slender, not cordiform Paralyiidaris Fisher. Thomson in describing the genus Tyndaris says that the tarsal claws are simple, but this was probably due to the fact, that he was comparing it with the genus Ptosima, which has the claws deeply toothed, but Kerremans corrects this statement in his Monograph, and says that the claws are lobed at the base. L,e Conte and Horn, and Kerremans places Chrysophana among the genera with simple claws, but Kerremans probably has not seen any specimens of ( 'hyrsophana, as the tarsal claws are almost 92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 identical with Tyndaris which he places in the group with toothed claws. In speaking of Chrysophana as having simple claws, we cannot use it in the same sense as it is used in Polycesta, so it is better to place it among those which have the claws toothed. Since the name Tyndaris has been used for our North American species, it is included in the above table for comparison. Paratyndaris, new genus. Form rather robust, cylindrical, narrower posteriorly. Head convex; clypeus deeply triangularly emarginate at middle; antennal cavities very small, situated in the lateral lobes of the clypeus near the eyes. Antennae very slender and not reaching to the middle of the prothorax, serrate from the sixth or seventh joint ; first two joints more robust than the following ; eleventh joint ovate. Prothorax a little wider than long, convex, sides moderately arcuate. Eyes large, elliptical. Scutellum small, slightly oblong. Elytra gradually narrowed posteriorly, shorter than the abdomen; apices separately rounded and quadridentate; lateral margins suddenly inflated towards the humeral angles and covering the metasternal episterna. Prosternum with the anterior margin only slightly concave. Last abdominal segment triangular, longer than the elytra, terminating into a spine which is visible from above. Tarsi shorter than tibiae; joints slender, first joint as long as the following two joints united. Tarsal claws with an inconspicuous tooth near base. Genotype. — -Tyndaris olneyae Skinner. This genus is erected for the North American species which have been placed in the genus Tyndaris Thorns., but which are not congeneric with the species of that genus from South America. Besides the type, the following species are included: Tyndaris cincta Horn, T. prosopis Skinner, T. chamaeleonis Skinner, T. barberi Skinner, and Paratyndaris coursetiae Fisher. The genus is allied to Tyndaris Thorns., but differs from it by the the following characters : Form more cylindrical, antennae more slender and the joints serrate from the sixth or seventh joint, while in Tyndaris they commence at the fifth joint. Prothorax not twice as wide as long, tarsal joints not cordiform, and the abdomen, which is longer than the elytra, terminating into a spine and is visible from above. The species of Paratyndaris are also more densely punctured and clothed with silvery pub- escence. In general form Tyndaris resembles the genus Ac- maeodera while Paratyndaris is more closely allied to Ptosima. In 1857 Thomson (Arch. Entom. I, p. 1(38) founded the genus Tyndaris on Ptosima planata Cast, and Gory from Chile. Horn (1885, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, p. 147) described cincta, the first North American species and placed it in this genus and Skinner (190.3, Ent. News, XIV, pp. 2.30-239) described four PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 93 more species and figured all the North American forms. In 1907, Kerremans (Mon. Bupr. Tome II, pp. 556-5(59) placed the four South American species together with the five species from North American under the genus Tyndaris, but since Kerremans never saw any of the North American species, it is easily explained why he placed these two forms together under the same genus. Paratyndaris coursetiae, new species. Male. — Form robust, cylindrical, narrower posteriorly, black, clothed with silvery pubescence. Head convex, surface shining, slightly aeneous, coarsely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence. Antennae slender, black, very short, and not reaching to the middle of the prothorax, serrate from the seventh joint. Scutellum small, slightly oblong. Prothorax a little wider than long; sides moderately arcuate, broadest a little before the middle, narrowing gradually towards the base; hind angles rectangular; front angles broadly rounded ; disc convex, surface shining, densely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence; without a median depressed line, but with trace of a smooth spot at base, just in front of scutellum. Elytra at base, as wide as prothorax, gradually narrower posteriorly, black, each elytron with an oblong red spot on lateral margin about one-third of the distance from prothorax to apex, clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence, giving it a cinereous appearance; apices separately rounded and quadridentate; disc moderately convex, irregularly striate, striae punctate, intervals narrow and rugose. Beneath coarsely punctured and clothed with recumbent silvery pubescence. Third abdominal segment at middle with a large widely rounded lobe on the posterior margin, which is densely, very finely punctured and entirely denuded of pubescence. This lobe projects over the fourth segment, reaching nearly to the median part and may be a secondary sexual character. Legs black, with a slight violaceous lustre. Length 5.5 mm.; width 2 mm. Habitat. — Tucker Canyon, vSanta Catalina Mts., Arizona. F. C. Craighead and Geo. Hofer Collectors. Type— Cat. No. 22097 U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from a single male specimen recorded under Bureau of Entomology No. Hopk. U. S. KJGoOz and reared July 17, 1918, from pupae collected by Messrs. Craighead and Hofer on June 20, 1918 in dead stems of a legume (Coursetia microphylla.) The species resembles olneyae and is closely allied to it, but differs from it, and the allied species, cincta and prosopis, in the absence of the linear median thoracic depression. From barberi and chamaeleonis it can be easily distinguished by the markings of the elytra and also by the intervals of the elytra being very narrow, irregular and rugose. 94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 ON SOME GENERIC SYNONOMY IN THE FAMILY GELECHIIDAE (LEP.). BY AUGUST BUSCK. Platyedra Meyrick; Pectinophora Busck. The genus Platyedra Meyrick was erected in 1895 (Handbook British Lepidoptera, p. 605) for the single European species vilella Zeller, which consequently is the type of the genus. The genus was separated from Gelechia on two characters only ; namely the parallel vein 5 in the hindwing and the flattened abdomen. The species malvella Hiibner, was considered in the handbook two pages before and wras included in Gelechia. Recently (Exotic Microlepidotera vol. II, p. 136, 191S) Meyrick has included in the genus Platyedra, the so-called Pink Boll Worm of Cotton, gossypiella Saunders, and malvella Hiibner, with the remark that: "the best distinguishing character of the genus Platyedra from Gelechia is the possession of a distinct pecten on basal joint of the antennae" a character not even mentioned in the description of Plaiyedra. The genus Pectinophora Busck, was, as indicated in the name, erected mainly on this character, which is very rare in the family Gelechiidae, with gossypiella Saunders, as type and including malvella Hiibner. Several other pterogostic, larval and pupal characters were given (Journ. Agri. Research, vol. 9, p. 346, 1917). If Meyrick is correct in referring gossypiella and malvella to Platyedra (and the writer is a priori inclined to accept any deliberate conclusion of his eminent friend), then Pectinophora must of course sink as a synonym of Platyedra. If so I believe Mr. Meyrick will be the first to admit, that the synonomy is due to his insufficient characterization of his genus Platyedra and no great harm will have been done; a good synonym, which adds to our knowledge, is rather an asset than otherwise. But the actual proof of this synonomy should in my judg- ment be awaited, before it is accepted and the name Pectinophora discarded. Pectinophora was erected and described very fully not only on the adult characters but on several important and prominent larval and pupal characters and until it is ascertained that the type of Platyedra, vilella Zeller, possesses these characters, the making of the synonomy is a little previous and may have to be upset again. If for example it should be found that the pupa of Platyedra is smooth and seta-bearing and not with the pubescence, characteristic of Pectinophora, or if it should differ in any other of the important characters given for Pectinophora, it would certainly indicate that the two genera arc distinct in spite of superficial adult resemblances. In other words we utv PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 4, APR., IQIQ 95 absolutely sure that gossypiella is a Pectinophora, but we can as yet only strongly suspect that it is a Platyedra. Unfortunately no specimens of either stage of I'ilclla are at present available in United States, but our European colleagues should be in position this coming season to settle this question definitely and if the synonomy is proven, it will of course be adopted at once. Until then I should advise that the name Pectinophora be retained for gossypiella, especially in America, where this generic name has entered so deeply into the economic literature and even into our laws and courts. Anacampsis Curtis; Compsolechia Meyrick. In (Exotic Microlepidoptera vol, ii, p. 137-138) 1918, Meyrick has divided the well known cosmopolitan genus Anacampsis Curtis (type : populella Clerck) by the erection of the genus Com- psolechia (type: diortha Meyrick) which he states: "includes all those numerous South American species hitherto referred to Anacampsis and also such North American forms as agrimoniella, Inpinella, niveopuhella, and rhoifructella; it is distinguished by the smooth palpi, cubital pecten and hardly sinuate termen of hindwings and is undoubtedly natural and well defined." The name Anacampsis Meyrick applies to the genus Agriastsi Meyrick, "since the type, populella, possesses the characteristic structure: scales of second joint palpi roughly expanded above, slight but appreciable tufts of fore wings, cubital pecten and hardly sinuate termen of hindwings." The only characters, which Meyrick gives and is able to give to distinguish his Compsolechia from Anacampsis are the smooth second labial joint against the roughly expanded scales above and the smooth forewings against the slight but appreciable tufts in Anacampsis. Both of these characters are untenable and vary in otherwise closely allied species. Attempts toward a roughened upper edge of the palpi are found in most of the smoothly scaled species of the genus, and it depends merely on the length of the scales, whether they protrude and become "rough" or not; tendency to raised scales on the wings is also common in the genus and all gradations are found from the quite smooth wings of agrimoniella Clemens, to the very rough panamanian A. phytomiella Busck. Differences of opinion as to the generic value of these characters are of course dependable, but the impossibility of this generic division is made apparent by Meyrick's concluding remarks. After including the North American inocitlclla Zeller in Ana- campsis together with populella Clerck, of Europe against niveo- pnlvella Chambers, and rhoifructella Chambers, which he places 96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 4, APR., 1919 in Compsolechia he adds: "undoubtedly populella and inocuella are closely allied to the niveopulvella and rhoifructella group, constituting the true phylogenetic connection between the two genera, but they are quite clearly distinguishable by structure." Large series, carefully bred from Populus both in eastern and western United States have proven that niveopulvella is merely a color variety of inocuella, exactly corresponding to the color variations of populella, in Europe. It is in fact very doubtful whether the American form can be separated specifically from the European species; the male genitalia are identical, while other closely allied species of the genus have very distinct specific differences in these organs, and the somewhat larger size of the average American specimen may well be due to the warmer climate; specimens as small as any of the European are common especially from the North West. We have thus the old joke realized of having one species be- longing in two genera. The genus Anacampsis Curtis, should be retained in its usually accepted entity with Compsolechia Meyrick, and Agriastis Mey- rick, as synonyms. Stomopteryx Heinemann; Aproaerema Durrant. The genus Aproaerema Durrant, was erected with anthyllidella Hiibner, as type [(Ent. Mo. Mag., vol. 33, p. 221, 1897), Schutzeia Spuler (Schmett, Eur. vol. II, p. 373, 1910) with the same type, is a synonym)]. The genus Stomopteryx Heinemann, was a monotypical genus (type: detersella Zeller), (Schmett, Deutchlands, vol. II, p. 324, 1870). Heinemann expressly separated it from the anthyllidella group and the genus has been so separated by all subsequent workers until Meyrick in the discussion of Anacampsis without any explanation or proof asserts that the name Stomopteryx Heinemann, is available for the anthyllidella group, superseding Aproaerema Durrant (Exotic. Microlepidoptera, vol. II, p. 138, 1918). Here again different opinions may of course be maintained on the value of characters for generic separation and Meyrick may have intermediate forms which will excuse such generic lumping, but in the absence of any reason given, the two genera should not be merged by a mere assertion, clearly separable as they are on the form and venation of the hindwings, as well as in general appearance. Actual Date of Publication, May 2, ipl t\' v, wedge; /j. v i a, fly. Belongs in subfamily Phaoniinae (sixth vein not reaching margin of wing, scutellum bare below, hind calypter projecting widely behind front one) in which it is one of the genera. Head as in Limiiophora except in having in the female a sharply-defined, long wedge-shaped frontal triangle which reaches to the lunule and is highly polished throughout; orbits dull, antennae, palpi and proboscis of ordinary form; arista bare (at 20 di- ameters), third antennal joint not twice the second, not quite reaching the vibrissae, which are at oral margin. Prealar and anterior acrostichal bristles lacking; dorsocentrals 4-2; sternopleurals 1-1; notopleurals 2; humeral 2; intrahumeral 1; posthumeral (presutural) 1; intra-alar 2; postalar 2; supra- alar 1 ; scutellar 2 pairs (female) ; pteropleura and hypopleura bare. Abdomen without trace of paired spots, the female genital segment as in Hebecnema (Xenaricia Malloch). Legs weakly bristled, as in Hebecnema, hind coxae bare behind. Wing as in Hebecnema, except for the half-dozen hairs above and the same below, on basal part of third vein. Type species, kincaidi, described below. Sphenomyia kincaidi, new species. Wholly black except bases of halteres, which are brown, and calypters, which are white; Parafacials in profile above as wide as third antennal joint. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 5, MAY, 1919 109 silvery pollinose shading to gray on bucca and changing suddenly to brown just about the insertion of the antennae; bucca one-sixth eyeheight; orbitals six, ocellars and verticals strong; eyes bare. Thorax subshining, halteres including most of stem black. Abdomen oval, shining black with a slight satiny sheen, weakly bristled, terminal segment without jointed appendages, • but with a few curved spines ventrally at apex. Wing subhyaline, fourth vein straight, its last segment I1/* times the preceding, costal spine small, hind crossvein straight. Legs black; front tibia with no bristles except at tip; mid tibia with two on outer hind side; hind tibia with two on outer flexor, two on outer extensor, and one small at middle on extensor, which might almost be called the calcar, but is of insignificant size. Length 4.1 mm. Type, female, collected at Fox Point, Alaska, by Professor Trevor Kincaid, on July 28, 1899, when he was on the Harriman Alaska Expedition. Type No. 22170, U. S. N. M. A NEW SPECIES OF BUCCULATRIX INJURIOUS TO HOLLYHOCK (LEP.). BY AUGUST BUSCK. Bucculatrix althaeae, new species. Face white, in some specimens suffused with light fuscous. Tuft on head light straw-colored mixed with darker yellowish brown hairs. Eyecaps straw- colored, suffused with light brown. Antennae light ochreous with black annulations. Thorax straw-yellow with deep ocher-yellow scales laterally and in the center and with dark fuscous posterior margin. Ground color of the forewings white, strongly suffused with yellow, ochreous and blackish brown scales; four large illdefined costal patches of yellow, heavily mottled with reddish brown; one covering the base of the wing, the second at basal third, the third at apical third and the fourth just before apex; these costal patches are vaguely continued across the wing as illdefined fasciae with the white ground color showing between them as three narrow outwardly oblique costal streaks; on the middle of dorsum just within the edge is a large tuft of black-tipped raised scales. Cilia yellowish with a broken black transverse line. Hindwings and cilia dark fuscous. Abdomen yellowish fuscous with light yellow anal tuft. Legs dark brown with narrow yellow tarsal annula- tions. Alar expanse 9—10 mm. Habitat: Standford University, California (Miss Isabel Mc- Cracken); Ventura, California (S. H. Essig). Foodplant : Hollyhock. Type— U. S. N. M. Cat. No. 22195. The species is close to B. quadrigemina Braun, but considerably !10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 larger. As I did not know this species except from description I sent Miss Braun specimens of the present species for com- parison and she was good enough to give me the following notes: "Quadrigemina is much smaller and paler in color; the second costal patch is relatively a little larger than in althaeae and the dorsal patch of raised scales is slightly more posterior. In spite of the almost identical position and extent of the markings the t\vo do not look alike and I believe they are distinct species." Caterpillar. The free feeding mature caterpillar is 6 mm. long. Head light yellow with black continuous eyespots. Thoracic shield light gray with numerous (20) small black dots. Body light gray with darker gray transverse band across each joint, on which the large whitish tubercles stand out prominently. Setae blackish. Legs gray with two transverse darker lines and with last joint yellow. Abdominal legs well developed, normal in number, each with two posterior and one anterior crotchet. Anal legs with but one crotchet. Cocoon a mm. long, white, with a yellowish tint, loosely woven with but slight indicated longitudinal ridges. The species appears to be doing considerable damage to Holly- hock in California, skeletonizing the leaves, As Hollyhock is not a native plant, the normal foodplant of this Bucculalrix will probably be found to be some other malvaceous plant. NOTES ON THE INSECT FAUNA OF BANK SWALLOWS' NESTS IN VIRGINIA. BY T. E. SNYDER AND R. C. SHANNON, Bureau of Entomology. The waters and banks of the beautiful and historic Potomac River in the vicinity of Washington will be long remembered by those who have explored them for wild plant or animal life. The brightest and most cheerful denizens of the wooded shores of the river are the great variety of beautiful song birds. On the stretch of river extending between Georgetown and Chain Bridge one of the most noticeable and companionable of these birds is the bank swallow (Riparia riparia (Linn.) Sharp and Wyatt). This cosmopolitan bird excavates primitive nests in the soil of the hillsides of the Virginia shore where the trap rock has been quarried, leaving steep, rocky bluffs. The bird is not at all shy and often flies near boats. During the spring, summer and autumn these twittering swallows are constantly on the wing from dawn until night, gracefully skimming over the surface of the water in search of insects which they catch while flying. The horizontal rows of openings to the primitive nests may be PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, IQIQ 111 plainly seen from the river — about 05 feet below. The birds are gregarious and many nests are close together just below the crest of the bluff where the sandy soil cover of the rock has been exposed by the blasting out of the hillsides. The holes are out of reach of one on the crest of the bluff and extend about one foot nearly horizontally into the hill. The openings are just large enough to admit the mature bird. The nest material consists of feathers (chicken), soft straw, oak and chestnut catkins, etc. It was thought that these nests might contain an insect fauna of interest, so early in June, 1916, one of the writers, after being lowered over the bluff on a rope, explored them. The commonest insect in the nests is a Staphylinid beetle determined by Dr. A. Fenyes as Microglotta n. sp. A species in this same genus occurs in nests of this swallow in Europe. The insect is probably predaceous on other insects occurring in the nests. Both larvae and adults were found, not only in the nest material but also in and on the soil beneath. The Danish entomologist, E. C. Rosenburg, in 1913, published an interesting paper1 in which are included many notes on the beetle fauna of the nests of various animals. Dr. A. Boving has kindly referred us to this article and has translated some of the notes. The bank swallow "Digesvalens" (-•- H. riparia) occurs in Denmark and in its nests the Staphylinid beetle Microglossa nidicolla Fairm. is very common. On July 9, larvae were found in numbers. In a gravel-pit near Ravneholm in November, 4 specimens of a variety of this beetle with black wings were found in the nest of this bird. Microglossa pulla Gyll. has been found in birds' nests in hollow trees. Some specimens of Microglossa marginalis Gyll. ( = = rufi- pennis Kr., Heer) were found in a bird's nest in a hollow tree (Alnus). Among the many interesting records of the beetle fauna of nests of other animals are notes of the occurrence of species in fox burrows, the nests of moles and mice, wasps' and bees' nests, and in the burrows of the wood-boring larvae of a moth (Cossus). The works of previous writers on the beetle fauna of the nests of mammals and birds are referred to by Rosenburg. Larvae, cocoons and adults of a flea, tentatively determined by F. C. Bishopp as Ceratophyllus sp., come next in order of abund- ance. The active larvae crawl through the nest material but 1 Rosenburg, E. C. ("Contribution to the knowledge of the biology, nirtamorphosis, and taxonomy of beetles, III.") "Kntomologiske Med- delelser," vol. 10, p. 37, Copenhagen, I'.M.'l. 112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 also occur in the soil beneath. The dark colored, oval, oblong cocoons spun by the larvae, to which particles of sand and dust are attached, were sifted from the nest material and from sand; mature larvae were in the cocoons early in June and on June 2s, 1910. These numerous fleas must be very troublesome to both old and young birds. This flea is closely related to Ceratophyllus gallinae, but apparently is distinct. Lepidopterous larvae were found in the feathers of the nest material but were not common. They were determined by C. Heinrich as a species of the family Tineidae. These larvae feed on the feathers. Hymenopterous parasites were reared from the nest material ; probably they were parasitic on the Lepidopterous larvae. On the nearly mature nestlings parasitic Mallophaga were found to be common. The species is Menopon dissimile Kellogg, according to J. H. Paine. This parasite also occurs on the purple martin (Progne sub-is), a bird which probably once nested in holes in cliffs. The Mallophaga may be more easily located on the outstretched wings of the birds; they rapidly retreat to the base of the feathers when exposed. Adults of the Staphylinid beetle were found flying about the entrance to the swallows' nests at 6 P.M. on July 11, 1916. On June 22, 1918, the swallows' nests were again visited. Larvae of the Staphylinid Micro glotta and larvae and cocoons of the flea Ceratophyllus were common. H. S. Barber on a later trip June 27, 1918, with T. E. Snyder, found the young of an antlion, which he believes to be Dendroleon sp., on the soil beneath nest material. The young had not dug a pit but was free, being covered, however, with debris and dried bodies of its prey. It is undoubtedly predaceous on other insect life in the nests. At this date most of the birds were able to fly and had left the nests. In order to know in what conditions the nests were in the winter, on December 23, 1918 — a. bright warm day — the nests were visited. One living adult flea was the only insect found in the nests — which the birds had abandoned in the autumn. Flea cocoons found were all empty. The nest material and the soil beneath were carefully sifted, the ground not being frozen. NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ICHNEUMON FLIES (HYM.). BY R. A. CUSHMAN, Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. This paper contains the descriptions of three new genera, three new species, and a new variety of Ichneumonidae and one new species of Braconidae. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 11.'! • Genus Derocentrus, new genus. * Runs in Ashmead's key to Nematopodius and is probably what he used in the construction of his key to the Mesostcnini; but is conspicuously different from the genotype, Nematopodius for- mosns Gravenhorst. The ovipositor is much longer than the body; the first tergite not parallel-sided, but has the postpetiole much broader and higher than the petiole and the spiracle much behind the middle; and the other tergites broad, not long and narrow. Also the antennal annulus embraces flagellar joints 6-9, not 15-16 as in formosus; the front coxae normal, without a transverse ridge on the outside; the pronotum short medially; the propodeum not extending beyond the base of the coxae, the basal carina strongly angulate medially; the second joint of hind trochanters nearly twice as long as first joint. In all the species referable here the entire insect is without contrastingly colored maculation except more or less blackish stains principally in the alar region, and the head and thorax are sculptured. The following generic description is based entirely on the female, the male being unknown. Slender, with legs and antennae long and slender, abdomen clavate, ovi- positor much longer than body. Head transverse; temples strongly convex, much narrower than eyes; frons deeply concave ; eyes large, subparallel within; face with oblique impression each side of middle; clypeus broad, convex, broadly subtruncate; labrum exserted; teeth of mandibles of equal length; malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; thorax shining, punc- tured; notauli deep, meeting on disk of mesoscutum; propodeum subconcave behind, basal carina strong, strongly angulate medially; basal area small quadrate; apical carina distinct laterally, obsolete to wanting medially as is also that portion of median longitudinal carina lying between the trans- verse carinae; wings long, stigma narrow lanceolate; areolet very small, much longer than wide, second intercubitus incomplete; second recurrent slightly antefurcal with respect to the second intercubitus; legs very slender; hind trochanters half as long as femur, second joint cylindrical and nearly twice as long as first ; basitarsus as long as other joints combined, apical joint shorter than third ; abdomen long, clavate, polished; first tergite completely fused with sternite, spiracles at apical two-fifths; postpetiole slightly wider than petiole; second tergite subsequal in length to first, constricted at base, much wider at apex; other tergites barely half as long as second, broader than long; ovipositor nearly or quite twice as long as body; lanceolate at apex. Uniform ferruginous with more or less black in alar region, antennae black, ferruginous at base, with an incomplete white annulus embracing more or less of flagellar joints 6-9; wings suffused with brownish. Type. (( 'olcoccntrns) Xcmatopoilins ic\\iuus (Ashmead). 114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 Derocentrus texanus (Ashmead). Mesostenus longicaudis Cresson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 164, (not Brulle). Coleocentrus texanus Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 12, 1890, p. 444. Mesostenus macrunis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 3, 1901-1902, p. 544. (New name for longicaudis Cresson, not Brulle.) Nematopodius exclamans Viereck, Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci., vol. 19, 1904. p. 318. Nematopodius longicaudus Viereck, loc. cit., p. 318. Careful comparison of fourteen specimens from Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, and Virginia, including Cresson's type, Ashmead's paratype, and a homotype (Gahan) of Viereck's specimen discloses no differences of specific value. There is considerable variation in the propodeal carinae, the sides of the areola and the median portion of the apical carina being weakly developed or absent; and the black color of the thorax is as described by Viereck to entirely absent. Ashmead's type has disappeared unless, as I suspect, it is the same specimen as Cresson's type. Derocentrus gracilipes (Cresson). Mesostenus gracilipes Cresson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 36o. Nematopodius gracilipes Viereck, Trans. Kans. Ac. Sci., vol. 19, 1904, p. 3 is. There is nothing in the description of this species to distinguish it from texanus (Ashmead), and no specimen is available for com- parison. Genus Cyrtobasis, new genus. In Foerster's, Ashmead's, and Schmiedeknecht's keys to Hemitelini runs to Naetes Foerster, but the type is apparently not congeneric with the genotype of Naetes and only included species, Naetes rufus Brischke, differing structurally from the original description of that species as follows: propodeum with posterior face concave, the bounding carina very high and angulate on each side, median longitudinal carina lacking except at base, the areola open at the sides; first tergite with strong dorsal carinae; ovipositor not nearly as long as abdomen. Certain of the color characters mentioned by Brischke which I believe to be of generic value are also lacking in the present genus: antennae not annulated; wings not fasciate. Body robust, densely, coarsely sculptured; head strongly transverse, temples flat and narrow; vertex broad, ocelli in a very low triangle ; eyes parallel within ; face broad, convex, with a median rounded elevation; cylpeus barely distinct from face, broadly truncate; mandibles short, stout, and with very small teeth; malar space long; checks convex; antennae nearly as long as body, somewhat thickened beyond middle and tapering to the apex; first two joints PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 5, MAY, 1919 1 1 ."i of flagellum about three times as long as broad, subequal in length, other joints gradually shorter to apex; notauli shallow but distinct; sternauli deep but ending abruptly in middle of pleura; scutellum slightly convex, immar- gined; propodeum declivous concave behind with prominent laterial angles, basal median area large, nearly as long as areola, areola hexagonal in position but open laterally, though sometimes adventitiously closed by the longi- tudinal rugosity, median longitudinal carinae also lacking behind apical carina; areolation otherwise complete; spiracles small, round, legs slender; stigma narrow, lanceolate, radius slightly before middle; second intercubitus entirely lacking; third discoidal cell very broad at base; nervulus very oblique, strongly recurved below middle ; nervellus strongly antefurcal, sharply broken below middle; first tergite evenly widening from base to apex, not separated into petiole and postpetiole, slightly decurved and strongly arched, almost swollen, above, with strong converging dorsal carinae extending nearly to apex, lateral carinae distinct from base to apex; middle tergites strongly transverse, subcallose apically; ovipositor short, the sheath subclavate. Type. — Cyrtobasis rogae, new species. Cyrtobasis rogae, new species. Female. — Length 8 mm. antennae 6.5 mm., ovipositor 1.25 mm. Head opaque; temples and cheeks polished, sparsely punctured; vertex behind ocelli arcuately rugose; frons above obliquely and below transversely rugose; face finely, densely punctate and pilose; malar space somewhat longer than basal width of mandible; thorax opaque; pronotum and meso- pleura partly polished; pronotum rugoso-punctate ; mesoscutum minutely punctato-shagreened, rugose in region of notauli; scutellum punctate; meso- pleura and sternum densely punctate, more or less rugosely so around margins; metapleura and propodeum densely punctate, basal area polished; abdomen densely, coarsely punctate; first tergite nearly as wide at apex as long, polished between dorsal carinae and at apex, striate at sides; other tergites polished at apex ; second a little more than half as long as wide and with a very shallow broad transverse impression beyond middle, others progressively shorter; ovipositor about as long as first tergite. Black; mandibles rufous; palpi, front coxae trochanters, apical external spot on front femur, apical joint of middle trochanter, anterior dorsal margin of pronotum, tegulae, and wing-bases white; hind tibiae at apex and their tarsi black; legs otherwise testaceous; wings hyaline, venation blackish; tergites narrowly piceous at apex; sheath black. Host. — Rogas spp. Type-locality. — Flagstaff Mt., Boulder, Colorado. Other localities. — Riley County, Kansas, and Lake Forest, Illinois. Type.— Cat. No. HUTU, U. S. X. M. Described from three females; the type reared from a Rogas 116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 cocoon, March, 1910, by T. D. A. Cockerell; paratype a reared from a Rogas cocoon, April 17, by E. A. Popenoe; and paratype b from Lake Forest, Illinois, August 4, 1899, and bearing the label "Ceph. occ." (Cephus occidentalism). Both paratypes are prac- tically like the type. The two paratypes are labelled in Ash- mead's hand as belonging to his genus Neopimpla, the unde- scribed type of which was from South Africa. If arbitrarily placed in the Ichneumonini the species will run by default to Neopimpla, but to me it has neither the characters nor the general appearance of the Ichneumonini, but is distinctly Cryptine. Genus Atopognathus, new genus. In existing keys this very peculiar genus can run nowhere except to the Mesoleptini, where, in venational, body, and, leg characters, it is very similar to Ecbylus Holmgren as represented especially by pleuralis (Provancher) and perennis Davis, both of which differ from the genotype, Eclytus ornatus Holmgren, in lacking the second intercubitus. But the head is much more like that oilschnopsidea Viereck (== Ischnus Authors, not Graven - horst), Heterischnus Wesmael, and Oronotus Wesmael. In short, it apparently stands between the Phaeogenini and the Mesoleptini as now constituted. In the Phaeogenini, because of the obtuse abdomen and upcurved ovipositor, it agrees best with Heter- ischnus, but the abdomen is really very different in form, the antennae are much longer, and it differs in many other respects from specimens of Heterischnus rnfipcs Wesmael as determined by Schmiedeknecht. For the present, in view of its closer agreement with the Mesoleptini on the characters usually used in keys, it seems better to assign Atopognathus to that tribe, in spite of the very anomalous mandibles. Head broad behind eyes; eyes slightly convergent below; clypeus sube- marginately truncate at apex, subconvex, separated from the face by a shallow groove; mandibles sickle-shaped, edentate at apex, but with a large, strong tooth on inner margin; antennae filiform, about as long as body, flagellum about 25-jointed, basal joints several times longer than thick, the joints gradually decreasing in length until near the apex they are only about twice as long as thick, female with a white annulus embracing joints 9-12; thorax nearly as in Eclytus Holmgren; notauli and sternauli distinct; scutellum elevated; propodeum completely areolated, the areola broad: venation as in Eclytus except that the second intercubitus is lacking and radius originates beyond middle of stigma; legs as in Eclytus with basal joint of front trochanters and basitarsus of all legs very long, the latter nearly or quite as long as other joints combined, tibial spurs small; abdomen similar to that of Eclytus but first tergite narrower, slightly decurved, and with the spiracles strongly PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 tuberculate, situated at about the middle; tergites beyond fifth in female, sixth in male, scarcely visible; hypopygidium in female reaching to apex of abdomen; ovipositor exserted, slightly upcurved; male genital sheaths exserted, narrow. Type. — Atopognathus collaris, new species, described below. Atopognathus collaris, new species. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; antennae 5 mm. Head and thorax clothed with rather dense white pubescence; head polished, face and clypeus very minutely punctate ; eyes about as long as their distance apart at the antennae ; malar space about as long as basal width of mandible ; thorax polished but so densely pubescent that it appears opaque; notauli crenulate; propodeum polished; petiolar area about as long a rest of dorsal surface; areola about two-thirds as broad as long, costulae very close to base; abdomen polished; first tergite comprising about one-third total length,, about twice as wide at apex as at base, postpetiole obscurely striate and medially canaliculate, spiracles slightly behind middle; second tergite slightly shorter than first; third, two-thirds as long as second; others very short. Black; clypeus rufous; mandibles stramineous, the teeth blackish; palpi stramineous; antennae rufous at base, otherwise blackish with annulus white; prothorax and tegulae rufous; wings hyaline, venation brown; legs testaceous, front and middle trochanters and tibiae stramineous; hind tibiae FIG. I— Atopognathus collaris CUSHMAN. a — 'Front wing, b — Side view of abdomen, c — Dorsal view of first and second tergites. d — Front view of head. 118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 infuscate basally and apically, their tarsi fuscous; abdomen piceous, tergites narrowly reddish apically. Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; antennae 4.5 mm. Differs from female in practically no way except in sexual characters. Type-locality. — Rosslyn, Virginia. Other localities. — Georgetown, D. C., and Coleta, Alabama. Type.— Cat. No. 19178, U. S. N. M. Described from two females from Rosslyn, Virginia, one male from Georgetown, D. C., and one male from Coleta, Alabama, all collected by H. H. Smith. The paratypes are very like the type and allotype, but slightly larger in each sex. Labrossyta ruficoxalis, new species. Differs from frontosa Davis most conspicuously in having the hind coxae testaceous instead of black. Female. — Length 6 mm., antennae 5 mm. Head transverse, broad and strongly convex behind the eyes, subopaque shagreened; face sparsely, finely punctate, nearly twice as wide as long; clypeus about twice as broad as long, convex with a small impression on each side at apex, broadly germinate; malar space half as long as basal width of man- dible; eyes slightly convergent below, about as long as width of face, slightly sinuate opposite antennae; diameter of ocellus less than length of postocellar line, latter equal to ocell-ocular line; scape thick, scarcely oblique at apex; flagellum slightly attenuate at base and apex, first joint a half longer than second, joints beyond middle a third longer than thick; thorax laterally subopaque shagreened and sparsely punctate, mesopleura more or less striate above; mesocutum subpolished and more distinctly punctate; notauli ob- soletely impressed anteriorly; propodeum short, declivous behind, opaque, without carinae except the obsolete lateral longitudinal, distinctly separated from metapleura, spiracles small round; stigma narrow lanceolate, radius far before middle ; radial cell measured on metacarpus equal in length to stigma ; areolet oblique subtriangular, subsessile; nervulus postfurcal; nervellus slightly inclivous, broken slightly below middle; legs long, slender, hind tibia as long as femur and trochanter together, basitarsus nearly as long as rest of tarsus, longer calcarium nearly half as long as basitarsus; abdomen stout, compressed at extreme apex, opaque basally, polished apically; first tergite a half longer than wide at apex, sides nearly straight, with a median longitudinal impression, dorsal carinae strong at base, lateral carinae distinct to spiracles, latter in middle; second and third tergites subequal in length; tergites beyond fifth retracted. Black; abdomen, except first tergite, rufous; legs largely testaceous; face at sides, clypeus, mandibles, palpi, spots at origins of notauli, tegulae, humeral and ventral angles of pronotum, spot below tegula, and posterior margin of mesopleura yellow; antennae brown above, reddish below; scutellum PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 119 piceous medially; first tergite reddish piceous at apex and sides; hind tibia yellow, broadly fuscous at apex, calcaria yellow; hind tarsus fuscous, paler at apex; wings hyaline, venation brown. Host. — Spruce sawfly. Type-locality. — Aweme, Manitoba. Type.— Cat. No. 22202, U. S. N. M. Described from two females reared May 31 and June 1, 1915, by N. Criddle. The paratype has the yellow color much more extensive, in- cluding two broad longitudinal stripes on the face coalescing laterally with the orbital marks, malar space and cheeks, and most of propleura; scutellar spot also yellow. Hyposoter fugitivus variety pacificus, new variety. Differs constantly from the typical fugitivus in color as fol- lows : Female. — Legs darker testaceous, almost brown, front coxae arid front and middle trochanters testaceous instead of white; femora only very ob- scurely tipped with white, the hind femur also only obscurely infuscate subapically; hind tibia with a distinct brownish ventral stripe in the larger white annulus; basal annulus of hind tarsus occupying only about a fourth of the basitarsus; apical third of tibial spurs brownish; humeral angle of pronotum brownish instead of whitish. Male. — -Differs from female in having the legs paler, the front coxae and front and middle trochanters whitish; hind basitarsus with \vhite annulus almost wanting. From male of the typical fugitivus it differs in having the middle coxae testaceous, by the small tarsal annulus, and by the darker humeral angle of pronotum. Type host. — Malacosoma pluvialis Dyar. Other host. — Malacosoma ambisimillis Dyar. Type-locality. — Takoma, Washington . Other localities. — San Francisco Co., California; Monterey Co., California; Santa Cruz Mts., California. Type.— Cat. No. 22146, U. S. N. M. Described from two females and one male (Bureau of Ento- mology No. 568°) from the type-locality and type host, one female from San Francisco Co. (Bureau of Entomology No. 360°) evidently reared from a species of Malacosoma, one female from Monterey Co. (Bureau of Entomology No. 415°) from Malacosoma ambisimilis Dyar, one male, the allotype (Bureau of Entomology No. 415°) from Santa Cruz Mts. from Malacosoma ambisimilis, and one female without locality and bearing only the number 368 and the host remains. All but the last were reared bv Albert Koebele. 120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 5, MAY, 1919 Apanteles iselyi, new species. Closely allied to Apantelec (Pseudopanteles} etiellae Viereck. It is, however, noticeably smaller and differs from that species especially in having the whole dorsum of the abdomen, except at extreme apex, opaque though with only sparse and vague sculpture. Female. — Length 2.5 mm.; antennae 2.0 mm. Head slightly wider than long; face and clypeus at base subpolished with rather coarse punctures; temples strongly, convexly sloping; coarsely, densely punctate; polished area of occiput extending triangularly onto vertex nearly to ocelli; mesoscutum densely, finely, opaquely punctate; scutellum polished, with uniform separated punctures, its lateral furrows crenulate and lateral areas polished impunctate; mesopleura densely, rather coarsely punctate, opaque; propodeum basally and medially opaque without distinct sculpture except medially where it has a distinct longitudinal carina flanked by short radiating rugae, laterally at apex polished; metapleura posteriorly opaque with scattered punctures; femora shagreened; abdomen dorsally opaque but not distinctly sculptured, apical tergites polished; first tergite very narrow at apex, arcuately widening toward base; second tergite very small, fully four times as wide as long; ovipositor sheath twice as long as first tergite, in side view long clavate. Black; tegulae transparent, pale yellowish; palpi pale; wings milky hyaline, stigma and metacarpus dark brown, other veins pale; legs black, front and middle femora at apex, front tibiae and tarsi, middle and hind tibiae except at apex, and middle tarsi at base testaceous; calcaria white. Male. — Length 2.0 mm.; antennae 3.0 mm. Differs principally in having the scutellum polished medially and the dark color of all tibiae extending farther basally. Host. — Canarsia hammondi Riley. Type-locality. — Bentonville, Arkansas. Type.— Cat. No. 22147, U. S. N. M. Described from two females and two males reared October 8-10, 1918, under Quaintance No. 16356, by Dwight Isely, for whom the species is named. Actual Date of Publication, Jl/av 5, 11 V VOL. 21 JUNE 1919 No. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BURKE, H. E., NOTES ON A COCCOON MAKING COLYDIID (COLEOPT.) J 23 BURKE, H. E. NOTES ON THE CALIFORNIA OAK WORM, PHRYGANIDIA, CAL- IFORNICA (LEPID.) 1 24 BUSCK, AUGUST A MICROLEPIDOPTERON INJURIOUS TO AVOCADO 12") CRAMPTON, G. C. THE GENITALIA AND TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF MALES, AND THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF THE LARVAE OF "CHALASTOGASTROUS" HYMENOPTERA 12!) GAHAN, A. B. A NEW SPECIES OF THE SERPHIDOID GENUS DENDROCERUS (HYMENOPTERA) 121 GREENE, CHARLES T. — A NEW GENUS IN SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA ) 1 2ti ROHWER, S. A. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYNIPOID FROM TRINIDAD. . lot) PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C , under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00- Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 JUNE, 1919 No. 6 A NEW SPECIES OF THE SERPHIDOID GENUS DENDROCERUS (HYMENOPTERA). BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The two interesting new forms here described both run di- rectly to the genus Dendrocerus in J. J. Kieffer's key (Andre's Spec. Hym. d'Eur. et d'Algerie, vol. 10, 1911, p. 10). Both differ from the male genotype in having the antennae serrate instead of ramose and would therefore appear to agree with Atritomus Foerster, which KiefTer, probably correctly, considers a synonym of Dendrocerus. According to Kieffer the male antennae are variable in the genus. Dendrocerus, as represented by the species described below, is characterized by having the head viewed from above transverse; antennae inserted at the clypeus,'n-jointed in both sexes, elon- gate and filiform in the female, joints i to 6 of the male flagellum more or less strongly serrate; pronotum entirely concealed from above, mesoscutum with a more or less distinct median longi- tudinal groove, the parapsidal grooves absent or only very faintly indicated at the lateral anterior angles; scutellum longer than broad, convex, very slightly compressed at apex but without an apical process; axillae meeting at inner angles and separated from the mesoscutum by a distinct fine groove; propodeum short, declivous from base or near base; abdomen fusiform, convex above, and about as long as the head and thorax. The host record for the species is apparently new for the genus Dendrocerus, other species of which are recorded as having been reared from Cecidomyid and Cynipid galls, and one species from a Coccid on maple. Despite the differences pointed out and the widely separated type localities the writer is of the opinion that the two forms de- scribed belowr are nothing more than varietal forms of the same species. The greater distinctness of the mesonotal groove and the line on vertex in the paler form are believed to be accounted for by the lighter color which causes them to stand out more con- spicuously. The color of the paler form shows a distinct ten- dency to shade into black and it is possible that a larger series would demonstrate that the differences are merely variations. 121 122 PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Dendrocerus conwentziae, new species. Closely related to D. californicus Kieffer but apparently differs from the description of that species, which is based on a male, by having the fifth flagellar joint, as well as the first to fourth, distinctly three-cornered and hairy, their apices arcuately emar- ginate and produced into a short neck to which the following joint is attached; sixth joint also slightly serrate; all flagellar joints distinctly longer than the apex is broad. Female. — Length 2 mm. Uniformly dull black except the front legs, which are very dark brown; mandibles brownish; wings subhyaline, more or less stained with fuscous, the fuscous staining most apparent just behind the stigma and in the area between the stigmal vein and the anterior wing margin. Head finely closely punctate and opaque; viewed from above transverse . the occiput slightly concave and distinctly margined; ocelli in an obtuse triangle, the lateral ocelli a little more distant from the eye-margin than the diameter of an ocellus, postocellar line fully twice the ocellocular; vertex behind the ocelli with a very faint median longitudinal line connecting with the occipital carina; viewed from in front, the head is approximately as high as broad and only moderately narrowed below, the cheeks distinctly less than half as long as eye-height; antennal scape long, subcylindrical, thickest near the middle and somewhat more slender at base than apex, pedicel slightly more than twice as long as thick, first flagellar joint thicker and approximately one and one-half times as long as the pedicel, second about as long as pedicel, third to ninth flagellar joints successively decreasing very slightly in length, the ninth not much longer than thick, tenth somewhat longer than the ninth; mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae sculptured like the head, the mesoscutum with a very delicate median longitudinal line which is not deeply impressed; sides of pronotum, mesopleura, and metapleura more shallowly punctate than the dorstim, subopaque; propodeum with the declivous posterior por- tion slightly concave and bounded by a distinct curved carina, the enclosed area more or less horse-shoe-shaped, polished within, with a few more or less distinct longitudinal striae laterally and apically and usually with a delicate median carina; abdomen polished, the first tergite extending to or a little beyond the middle, ovipositor sheaths slender and exserted approximately the length of the fourth tergite. Male. — -Length i .7 mm. Head viewed from in front much broader than high; antennal scape a little less than four times as long as thick; pedicel small, subglobose; flagellar joints hairy, i to 5 strongly serrate, the sixth slightly so, 7 to 9 cylindrical; abdomen not longer than the thorax; wings hyaline. Type locality.— --Amherst, Massachusetts. Type.— Cat. No. 22277, U. S. N. M. Type female, one paratype female, and the male allotype reared by Mr. A. I. Bourne, from Conwentzia lia^cni, a small Neuropteron. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, 1919 1 2o Dendrocerus conwentziae variety rufus, new variety. Female. — -Length 2 mm. Color rufo-testaceous suffused with dark brown or blackish above on the head, thorax, and abdomen; the scutellum and axillae somewhat darker than the rest of the thorax; antennae black or brown- black, the base of scape paler; legs concolorous with the underside of the body, the hind legs more or less infuscated; wings distinctly infuscated with brown- ish, the base and apex hyaline; venation brownish black. Vertex behind with a delicate median longitudinal line running from the postocellar line to the occipital carina; median groove on the mesoscutum distinct. Otherwise like the female of conwentziae. Male. — -Apparently agrees in every particular with males of the variety conwentziae. Type locality. — Felida, Clark County, Washington. Type.— Cat. No. 22278, U. S. N. M. Three females and three males reared by E. J. Newcomer from cocoons of Conwentzia sp. under Quaintance No. 14081, in May, 1918. Also a male and female from the same source reared June 3, 1918, and mounted on a slide. NOTES ON A COCOON MAKING COLYDIID (COLEOPT.). BY H. E. BURKE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washing- ton for January, 1905, Dr. A. D. Hopkins published a note on a cocoon spinning Colydiid, probably Bothrideres contract us which he found to be a parasite of a Cerambycid larva. On July 22, 1914, at the Pyramid Ranger Station, Eldorado County, Calif, the writer collected a number of dark brown cocoons from the wood of an old fire scar on the side of a living incense cedar (Libocedrus dec^^rrens). The cocoons were taken from the pupal cells of the flatheaded woodborer, Trachykele opulenta Fall. Most of the cocoon makers had emerged but one larva could be seen through the walls of a cocoon which was taken from a cell containing a dead Trachykele beetle. Later a beetle emerged from another cocoon and was identified as Deretaplinis oregonensis Horn by Mr. W. S. Fisher. An adult of the same species was taken on August 2, 1915, from the bark of a dead Jeffrey pine (Finns jeffreyi) which con- tained a brood of the Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jejjreyi Hopk.). Several adults were taken at Onion Valley, Calif., on October 13, from the bark of a dead sugar pine (P. lambertiand) which contained a brood of the mountain pine beetle (D. monti- colae Hopk.) and broods of the flatheaded woodborers (Buprestis laeviventris I,ec. and B. aurulenta Linn.). Other specimens were taken at Yreka and Vade, Calif. 124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Mr. J. D. Riggs took an adult from a yellow pine (P. ponder osa) at Bray, Calif., on May 6, 1915, and Mr. F. B. Herbert made the following observations: August 13, 1915, adults in cocoons in the wood of the red fir (Abies magnified) at the Pyramid Ranger Station; August 30, an adult from the cell of Trachykele nimbosa Fall in the wood of red fir at Meyers Station, Calif.; July 3, 1916, adults under the bark of a Jeffrey pine in the gallery of Dendroc- tomis jeffreyi; August 18, an adult in the wood of a lodgepole pine (P. murrayana) and a cocoon in the pupal cell of a Cerambycid. An adult Deretaphrus emerged from this cocoon on June 21, 1917. These records indicate that this species inhabits a number of host trees and lives on a number of insect hosts. Also, that it lives over one winter as an adult in the cocoon and probably follows its hosts in having a two or more year life cycle. At first sight the larva resembles an Ichneumonid larva, having a whitish fleshy body which tapers forward to the rather small head of the same color. Closer examinations shows that it has all f of the characteristics of the typical Colydiid larva including well developed legs and a pair of recurved caudal hooks. The cocoon is an elongate hemisphere in shape. The flat side is fastened to the rounded ones with a heavy seam or rim and con- tains a number of threads woven in the tissue. The rounded sides do not have the threads but are composed of a brownish celluloid like substance. NOTES ON THE CALIFORNIA OAK WORM, PHRYGANIDIA CALIFORNICA. (LEPID.) BY H. E. BURKE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Under the title "The Imprudent Phryganidian," Prof. Vernon L. Kellogg published in the Entomological News for June, 1896, an interesting account of how the mother moths of the fall genera- tion of this species doom many of their offspring to death by starvation because they lay part of their eggs on the leaves of the deciduous oaks which will soon fall and become unfit for food. Other eggs are laid on the live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and the species thus survives the winter. Observations made at the Forest Insect Laboratory, Los Gatos, during the past two winters indicate that the laying of the eggs on the deciduous oaks may not be such an imprudence as at first sight it seems. Both of these winters, due to different climatic conditions, numerous young caterpillars wintered over on the deciduous white oak (Quercus lobata) and produced normal broods of moths. In fact, at Los Gatos, the species appeared to winter better on the white oaks than it did on the live oaks. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ 125 The winter of 1917-1918 was so mild that the 1917 leaves re- mained on the trees until March i, when the new leaves of 1918 had unfolded. The young worms went from the old to the new leaves without difficulty and completed their normal develop- ment. During the first half of September, 1918, there was a heavy three days rain. This was followed by a month or more of warm weather. By November i many of the white oak leaves were well grown and the Phryganidia eggs of the fall brood were laid directly on these. Hatching took place normally and the young worms passed the winter of 1918-1919 in good condition and show every indication of reaching full development. The interesting question now arises as to whether, after feed- ing for five generations (summer, winter, 1917; summer, winter, 1918; summer, 1919) on the white oak this particular strain of the species will have lost its taste for the live oak and will be- come exterminated the first winter the white oak leaves fall early. On the other hand, it is possible that practically every winter some of the white oak leaves remain on the trees until spring and at least part of the brood laid on the white oak winters normally. The principal natural enemies of the oak worm besides this peculiar habit of self destruction are a "wilt" disease which some- times kills the worms by the thousands; the spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris Say,1 which punctures and sucks dry the eggs, all stages of the worms and the chrysalids; a small grayish fly (T'.ryptocera flavipes Coq.2) which kills the larger worms and the black and yellow chalcid (Chalcis abiesiae Girault3) and the oak worm ichneumonid (Itoplectis behrensi (Cress.)4), which parasitise the chrysalids. A MICROLEPIDOPTERON INJURIOUS TO AVOCADO. BY AUGUST BUSCK. Stenoma catenifer Walsingham. (Biol. Ccntr. Amer., iv., p. 168, 1912). This species feeds in the fruit and seed of Avocado (Aguacate) Persea spp. and appears to be of considerable economic im- portance by its destructiveness. It is the species mentioned as Stenoma species, by Sasscer (Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 127, 1918), Barber (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 2 1, p. 59, 1919), and by Popenoe 1 Identified by E. H. Gibson. 2 Identified by C. T. Greene. 3 Identified by S. A. Rohwer. 4 Identified by R. A. Cushman. 126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 (U. S. Dept. Agri., Bull., 743, 1919). It has been received in bred series from Guatemala and Equador. According to Sasscer the caterpillar eats galleries in the seed similiar to those of the two large weevils which infest avocado, but easily distinguished from these by the presence of the loosely packed frasse pellets. Mr. J. Birch Rorer has sent a bred series from Equador and re- ports that the species does a great deal of damage to avocado there. The moth lays its eggs on the surface of the nearly ripe fruit and the larva eats through the flesh into the seed. It feeds on the seed until ready to pupate, three weeks or a month and, then eats its way out through the flesh to pupate. It is almost impossible according to Mr. Rorer to buy a single avocado in the market of Equador, which has not at least one of the worms in the seed; more often there are two or three. It would be a bad pest to introduce into the United States. The fullgrown larva is nearly an inch long. Head light brown with blackish eyespots and mandibles. Thoracic shield light brown with darker brown anterior edge; body light fuscous with small blackish brown tubercles. Spiracles on eighth abdominal seg- ment situated high up on dorsum. Anal shield dark brown. Legs and prolegs normal, a single complete circle of alternating long and short crotches. A NEW GENUS IN SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA). BY CHARLES T. GREENE, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. This most remarkable fly,1 described below, was in some ma- terial which was submitted for determination by Mr. J. M. Jessup, who was the geologist of a party from the Smithsonian Institution. The party made a journey from Rampart House on the Yukon River, northward along the Alaska- Yukon Boundary to the Arctic Ocean and returned by the same route. This fly was captured on the return trip. AMBOPOGON, n. gen. One pair frontal bristles, below each of them is a bristle-like hair which is larger than the other hairs of the front; ocellar bristles long and directed forward; inner and outer vertical bristles near the eye (inner vertical may stand more erect than shown in drawing) ; post-verticals very large and di- rected backward. Antennae missing. Proboscis small; palpi short, slender and with a number of very short hairs and two long bristle-like hairs on the under side; no large apical bristle. One pair dorsocentrals, one prothoracic, no stigmatic bristle, one humeral, two notopleurals (the larger one in front), 1 Described through the courtesy of Dr. J. M. Aldrich, Custodian of the Diptera, U. S. National Museum. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ l-< i one presutrual, one supraalar, one postalar; no mesopleural, or pteropleural bristles, one sternopleural, a row of bristles on the sternopleura near the middle coxa; hind coxa with one large bristle on the outside. Scutellum with two large, marginal pairs of bristles. Wing normal, sixth vein to the wing margin; two small, basal cells. Type Ambopogon hyperboreus, n. sp. Cochliarutm (Becker, Dipterologische Studien I, Berliner Entomol. Ztg. Bd. XXXIX, 1894, p. 183, Heft i) is the nearest relative, although quite remote and very distinct. A . hyperboreus, n. sp. — Male (Fig. i). — -Brownish black, legs mostly yellow. From in front the head is slightly wider than high. Face very small and pale yellow, darker on the sides; antennae missing, antennal pits located about the lower fifth of the eye; front narrowing towards the antennae, yellow, a brownish area across the lunule, a broad V-shape depression in the middle with the upper ends more golden; vertex, ocellar triangle and upper part of the face along the orbits dark brown and shining; numerous dark, bristly hairs on apical half of front; eyes cover nearly half the side of the head; occiput well developed, nearly as wide as the horizontal diameter of the eye, upper half of occiput black with numerous black hairs which extend down on the yellow of the lower half; a group of closely set brownish, bristly hairs on the occiput close to the junction of the neck; lower edge of head nearly straight, a broad ridge starting at the front and extending half way along the lower edge of the head. On this ridge are the whiskers, which are extremely long, curved backward, blackish bristles, very pale toward the apex, back of these bristles the beard is more like bristly hairs; on the front end of this ridge are located several bristles which are directed slightly forward; no distinct oral vibrissae in the male; back of this heavy beard, along the oral opening, are very numerous whitish hairs which are curly or crinkly at the apex. These bristly hairs are more numerous towards the front. Thorax shiny and nearly black with numerous short black hairs; on the dorsum is a broad stripe from the apex to the scutellum and a narrow area above the pleural suture, from humeral callus to the wing, white, pruinose; scutellum very faintly white pruinose; halteres white, brownish at base. Abdomen nearly black with numerous black hairs; first segment quite long, sides parallel, second and third segments much shorter than the first, but both widen considerably toward their apices; fourth segment nearly twice the length of the third and narrowing slightly at the apex; next segment globular, chitinous, and with a tuft of bristly hairs in the middle and at the apex; last segment globular with a heavy brush of large, dark brown bristles which are yellowish and crinkly at the apex. These bristles are about three times the length of the segment. Forceps reddish brown, points widely- separated. Venter has numerous, long, yellowish hairs on second and third segments. Near the apical corner of the lirst and second segments, on the 128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 ventral side, is a long, black bristle. Front coxa quite long and yellow; middle and hind coxae more normal and brownish, darker at the base. Legs yellow except front femora, apical half front tibiae, front tarsi, apical half hind femora, apical fourth of hind tibiae, and last two joints of hind tarsi, blackish brown. Ambopogon hyperboreus GREENE. — Fig. i, male; Fig. 2, forceps from above. Front femora with numerous long, black bristles on the outside, more closely set towards the base ; front metatarsus straight, cylindrical and slightly longer than the four following joints; middle coxae each have a long, black, hook-like spine on the inside and a long black bristle in front of it; middle femora shorter than the first and much swollen on front side near the middle with numerous, short, spine-like bristles on this swollen part; middle tibiae with a row of heavy black spines on the upper side, spines longer near the middle; middle metatarsus noticeably bent, with numerous short black spines on under side, larger at base and on the upper side with a row, the en- tire length, of black hairs, longer, curved and much closer set towards the PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 129 apex; hind femora long with a row of very long, brownish yellow, stout bristles, which are very pale yellow towards apex and the tips bent. This row is located close to the under side of the femur and behind this row are numerous yellow shorter bristles. Hind metatarsus long, slender and only slightly bent. Length 4.75 mm. Type Locality. — Lat. 69-10 X, Long. 141 \V. One specimen. Aug. 14-17, 1912. J. M. Jessup, Collector. Type, male, Cat. No. 22322, United States National Museum. THE GENITALIA AND TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF MALES, AND THE TERMINAL ABDOMINAL STRUCTURES OF THE LARVAE OF "CHALASTOGASTROUS" HYMENOPTERA. BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH.D., Mass. Agr. College. In a paper published in vol. 27, 1916, p. 303, of the Ent. News, the insects here discussed were classed as a distinct order called the Prohymenoptera, or sawfly group — a more inclusive division than MacLeay's "Bomboptera," which, according to Ashmead, 1896, included only the "Uroceridae" (i. e., the Siri- cidae), the "tenthredinid" sawflies being placed with the Tri- choptera, by MacLeay, who restricted the designation "Hy- menoptera" to the forms with apodous larvae. Rohwer and Cushman, 1917, would divide the sawfly group into two sub- orders, the Chalastogastra (Konow, 1897) and the Idiogastra (Oryssidae), but these investigators are unwilling to admit the sawfly group as a distinct order, because they consider that the Idiogastra (i. e., the Oryssidae) are intermediate between the rest of the sawfly group and the higher Hymenoptera called Clistogastra1 by Konow, 1897. If the existence of intermediate forms, however, were sufficient grounds for "lumping" two related orders into one "homogeneous" order, on exactly the same grounds, we would have to group the . Lepidoptera and Trichop- tera together as merely one order, since the lepidopterous family Micropterygidae is unquestionably intermediate between the Lepidoptera and the Trichoptera, and has even been removed from the Lepidoptera and placed as a suborder of the Trichop- tera by Comstock, 1918, in his recent book on the wing veins of insects! The non-participation of the first abdominal seg- 1 The division of the Hymenoptera into Symphyta and Apocrita by Gerstaecker, 1867, is exactly the same as Konow'* division of the Hymenoptera into Chalastogastra and Clistogastra, which it antedates by thirty years. 130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 merit (propodeum) in the formation of the thorax, the board junction of the thorax and abdomen, the more primitive type of head, wing venation, nature of the termal abdominal struc- tures, etc., are sawfly features which would differentiate this group from the higher Hymenoptera almost as markedly as the Lepidoptera are differentiated from the Trichoptera; but the weight one would give to these differences is largely a matter of personal preference, and for the sake of convenience, the sawfly group has been referred to as a part of the order Hymenoptera, in the following discussion. Those who have figured the genitalia of male sawflies usually make no attempt to homologize the parts with those of other in- sects, or even with those of the higher Hymenoptera, and since the workers in related groups such as the Diptera, Lepidoptera, Trichoptera, Hemiptera, etc., use their own special terminology in each group, without regard to other related insects, or the lower forms, it has seemed preferable to attempt to apply to the parts of the genitalia of sawflies, the uniform terminology worked out for the genitalia of lower insects, and the Neuroptera, Mecop- tera, Trichoptera, Diptera, etc., in papers by Crampton, 19183 and iQiSb. In this way, the true significance of the parts is brought out in the sawflies, whereas, to attempt to apply to the parts such meaningless terms as "cardo," "stipes" and "lacinia" (which have always been used for structures of the maxillae) or the term squama (usually employed to designate the proximal calypter at the base of the wing in Diptera, or the scale at the base of the abdomen in ants, etc.) used by some workers to desig- nate the parts of the genitalia of higher Hymenoptera, would be grossly inexact and very misleading. It would be fully as de- plorable to use the terms cardo, stipes, etc., for parts of the geni- talia, as it would be to employ the terms mentum, submentum, etc., in this connection, since the former terms have always been used for parts of the maxillae, and if anatomical terms in ento- mology are ever to have any exact meaning at all, as they do in vertebrate anatomy, such ignorant or slovenly usage of terms must be done away with, each term must be applied only to homologous structures throughout the orders of insects. No attempt has been made in the present paper to trace the modifications of the larval structures through the pupal to the adult stages, since the material requisite for such a study is not at present available — although I am hoping to carry out such a study in the near future. It has seemed advisable, however, to include a brief discussion of certain of the structures present in the larval stages, since some of the interpretations of the parts PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUXE, 1919 131 i by MacGillivray, 1913, would appear to need revising, and a com- parison with the structures of lower insects would permit the de- termining of their homologies with a fair degree of certainty. For the greater part of the material upon which the present study was based, and for many valuable suggestions, I am deeply indebted to the kindness of Mr. S. A. Rohwer, whose generous assistance has made this work possible. In referring to the different abdominal segments of the male, I would count them in the dorsal region, beginning with the basal abdominal tergum (which is usually demarked into two sym- metrical halves), since the sternal region of the first abdominal segment has become lost through atrophy, or through uniting with the hindermost segment of the thorax. The presence of the first abdominal spiracle in the basal segment of the abdomen will serve to differentiate it from the thoracic region, if there is any question as to its identity. For studying the union of the first abdominal segment (propodeum) with the thoracic region, Cephus offers an extremely interesting intermediate condition between the lower and higher types of Hymenoptera; but the dis- cussion of this region can be better taken up elsewhere. In most sawflies, the tergum or "tergite" of the eighth abdominal segment (sometimes referred to as the eighth "dorsal segment") is clearly evident as in Figs. 42, 46, 49, 50, 55, 56, etc., where it is labeled "S4." In Oryssus (Fig. 42) and many other sawflies (Fig. 56) it overlaps the terga of the succeeding segments, and may be referred to as the "pseudopygidium." In Tremex (Fig. 49), however, the eighth tergum does not overlap the succeeding ones to any great extent. The sternum or sternite of the eighth seg- ment is labeled "8s" in the above-mentioned figures. In some sawflies, such as Hemitaxonus, etc. (Figs. 50, 56, 57, etc.), the sternum or "sternite" of the eighth segment "8s" is greatly reduced and becomes so narrow in the mesal region that it is almost divided into two lateral halves. This fact, and the partial overlapping of the eighth sternum by the sternum of the seventh segment, caused Newell, 1918, to disregard the true eighth sternum in her figures of a male sawfly (Dolerus) and to designate the true ninth sternum (labeled "ha" in all figures), incorrectly, as the eighth. If one examines a sawfly such as Tremex (Fig. 49), however, it is very easy to identify the tergites and sternites, since the eighth sternite "8s" is large, and. the ninth tergite, or pygidium, "9*-," which in Tremex and most siricids is demarked into two halves by a convolution along the mid-dorsal line, is not overlapped to any great extent by the eighth tergite "8l" 132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 and is clearly the corresponding dorsal region (tergite) of the ninth sternite "ha." The sternite "ha" (Figs. 46, 49, 55, 56, etc.), situated below the male genitalia has been referred to as the hypandrium in all insects (Cramp ton, 191 8a and 191813), regardless of whether it represents of the sternum of the eighth, ninth, or other abdominal segment. It is incorrectly referred to as the hypopygium in some insects; but this term always refers to the entire male genitalia, etc., in Diptera, or to the plate immediately below the anus (i. e., the ventral plate of the terminal segment labeled "ep" in Fig. 55, etc.) in other insects, so that in order to avoid ambiguity, the more appropriate designation hypandrium has been retained in the present paper for the plate labeled "ha," situated below the male genitalia. The apparent tenth tergite labeled "ep" in Figs. 49, 54, etc., probably represents the united tenth and eleventh tergites of lower insects. It frequently bears the small appendages "c" homologous with the cerci (Figs. 46, 54, etc.) and is situated above the anal opening "a" of Figs. 46, 50, 54, etc. The region below the anal opening is sometimes chitinized to form a subanal plate or hypoproct, while the supraanal plate "ep" is referred to as the epiprocl, in lower insects. In the Mecoptera, the entire region through which the anus "a" opens, including the epi- proct "ep" (Fig. 50) and hypoproct, is called the anal pappilla or proctiger. The supraanal plate or epiproct "ep" of Fig. 54, tends to unite with the tergite of the ninth segment "9*;" and in many sawflies, both are overlapped by the eighth abdominal tergum. In Oryssus (Fig. 42) not only the ninth and tenth tergites, but the genitalia also are retracted beneath, and are completely concealed by, the tergum of the eighth (and the sternum of the ninth) abdominal segment. Except in a few cases, however, such as that of Oryssus, mentioned above, the male genitalia are at least partially visible from the exterior. The copulatory apparatus of the male, is typically composed of a basal ring, "gg" (Figs, i, 27, 41, etc.) which bears a pair of genital forceps or claspers, each of whose arms is composed of a basal segment "gb" and distal segment "eg" (Figs. 27, 41, etc.). A pair of copulatory ossicles "gl" becomes differentiated from the basal segments of the forceps "gb" (Figs. 14, 17, 40, etc.), and be- side them there usually occurs a larger sclerite "pal" which is also probably a demarked portion of the basal segments of the genital forceps. On the opposite side of the "genitalia" there some- times occurs a pair of processes "pa" (Figs, i, 2 3, etc.), which PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, xo. 6, juxE, i gig 133 are usually located rather close to the penis valves "pv." The penis valves "pv" (Figs, i, 7, 13, 21, 26, 27, etc.) may constitute the true penis, but there is some reason for considering that they form a "pseudopenis" enclosing a delicate structure which repre- sents the true penis. The enclosed delicate structure, however, is so fragile and poorly preserved in the material available for study, that I am unable to determine whether it represents the true penis, or is merely the coagulated seminal fluid — although from its rather constant form in the insects studied, I am inclined to regard it as a definite structure representing the penis of other insects. In the lower sawflies and siricid group (Figs. 19, 28, 53, etc.) and also in Xiphidria and Ceplnts (Figs. 20 and 21) which are closely related to the siricids, the copulatory ossicles "gl" and the sclerites "pal" are located on that side of the "genitalia" which is ventral when in situ, and this very probably represents the original condition of the parts. In certain other sawflies, how- ever, such as Cimbex (Fig. 14), Dolerus (Fig. 40), etc., the copula- tory apparatus as a whole has been turned over (revolving on its long axis) so that the copulatory ossicles "gl" and the sclerites "pal" which were formerly ventrally located, now come to lie on the dorsal surface of the copulatory apparatus when in situ. The "twisted" appearance of the membrane and muscles at the base, of the "genitalia" frequently gives evidence of this revolu- tion of the copulatory apparatus through 180 degrees (on its long axis), but there is no sign of a "torsion" in the chitinous plates themselves, since the copulatory apparatus revolves as a whole, and if one were not prepared to look for such a revolution of the "genitalia" by the analogous condition occurring in some Diptera, etc. (in which there is a similar "inverting" of the parts), it would be rather confusing in attempting to homologize the parts of the "genitalia" in those insects in which such a "torsion" occurs. Thus Newell, 1918, was apparently unaware that there has been such a torsion of the copulatory apparatus in Dolerns, and attempts to homologize parts originally or primitively dorsal in sawflies (and only secondarily ventrally located in Dolenis through a revolving of its copulatory apparatus through 180 degrees) with parts which are always ventral in Lepisma, etc. ; and many of the interpretations of the parts, especially in Neurop- tera, Mecoptera, sawflies, etc., given by Newell, 1918, are not at all in accord with the conclusions I have reached from an ex- amination of a rather extensive series of these insects, and the lower forms. In attempting to intepret the parts of the "genitalia" of a saw- 134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 fly, it is a comparatively simple matter to determine the corre- spondence of the genital forceps of a primitive sawfly such as Megaxyela (Fig. 27, "gb" and "eg") with the forceps called gonopods (Crampton, I9i8b) in such primitive Mecoptera as Merope (Fig. 35, "gb" and "eg"). In some Mecoptera as in the one shown in Fig. 31, the basal segments of the genital for- ceps "gb" unite to form a basal region bearing the distal segments "eg" of the gonopods, or forceps, and in the same way, in some sawflies, as in the one shown in Fig. 9, the basal segments of the genital forceps "gb" unite to form a basal region bearing the distal segments "eg" of the gonopods or forceps. This interpretation of the parts seems so self-evident, that it is difficult to understand how Newell, 1918, comes to such a different conclusion as to the homologies of the parts, unless the wrong labels were attached to her figures, and her tables of sclerites and appendages were inadvertently placed under the names of the wrong insects in some cases. Thus in her figure of the genitalia of Dolerus, Newell would interpret the distal segment of the forceps "eg" of Fig. 39 (of the present paper) as "appendage IV" homologous with the cerci of lower insects, although she correctly figures the cerci of a male Dolerus elsewhere. The median plates with their processes "pa" of Fig. 39, Newell would interpret as the homo- logues of the distal segments of the gonopods "eg" (Fig. 31) of the Mecoptera, while the basal region of the gonopods of the Mecoptera ("gb" of Fig. 31) are homologized with the basal ring "gg" of Dolerus (Fig. 39) by Newell, who regards the basal ring "gg" of Fig. 39 as the sternum of the ninth abdominal seg- ment in Dolerus, although it probably belongs to the tenth seg- ment instead (the true ninth sternite being the large plate "ha" of all figures), and it comes to have a ventral position in Dolerus only secondarily, through a revolution of the copulatory appara- tus about its long axis. The homologies proposed by Newell for the Neuroptera, and other forms, are also not in accord with the interpreptation of the parts given in a paper dealing with the gonopods of these insects, Mecoptera, etc. (Crampton, 19185), but it is not necessary to take up the discussion of the gonopods of these insects here. Berlese, 1909, interprets the basal segments of the forceps of Cimbex (Figs, i and 14, "gb") as the sternite of the tenth ab- dominal segment, although they are clearly the homologues of the basal segments of the gonopods of lower sawflies (Fig. 27, "gb"), Mecoptera (Figs. 35,31, "gb"), etc. The distal segments of the forceps (Figs, i and 14, "eg"), Berlese calls "stili" in Cimbex, and applies the same designation to the styli of ephemerids PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, X(). 6, JUNE, 1919 loo (Figs. 29, and 58, "s"). If one compares the unsegmented styli of the ephemerid shown in Fig. 29, "s" with the unsegmented forceps of the sawfly shown in Fig. 8, "eg," there is apparent a strong resemblance between the two, and the basal ring "gg" of the sawfly (Fig. 8) resembles the sternite labeled "ha" in the ephemerid (Fig. 29) quite markedly. This interpretation of the nature of the forceps has much to recommend it. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the so-called parameres1 of certain lower insects (Figs. 30, 34, etc., "pm") may be the forerunners of the genital forceps. Tracing the ontogenetic development of the parts from the immature to the adult stages is one method of determining the correct interpretation of the parts; but unfortunately this has not been done in the case of the Hymenoptera. Klapalek, 1903, however, states that the gonopods of adult Trichoptera (Fig. 52, "gb" and "eg") correspond to the hindermost abdominal legs or "postpedes" of the larvae (Fig. 43, "pp"), and if this be true, we have a basis for determining the homologies of the forceps of the Hymenoptera (Fig. 27, "gb" and "eg"), since these struc- tures are homologous with the gonopods of the Mecoptera and Trichoptera (Figs. 35 and 52, "gb" and "eg"), and must there- fore also correspond to the postpedes of the larvae (Fig. 43, "pp"). These postpedes or "anal prolegs" do not represent styli (ap- pendages of the basal segment of the leg in Apterygota) but are now considered to represent true abdominal legs by most recent embryologists, so that if the forceps represent "anal prolegs" or postpedes, they can hardly he homologized with the styli of ephemerids (Figs. 29 and 58, "s"). If the genital forceps are 1 Wheeler, 1910, in his book on ants, designates the entire copulatory apparatus of the male, as the"parameres." Escherich, 1905, following other students of the Apterygota, and Burr, with all modern dermapterists, have used the designation "parameres" to denote the structures labeled "pm" in Figs. 30, 34, etc., and there seems to be no valid reason for attempting to change this widespread and generally accepted usage of the term among the workers on the Apterygota and Dermaptera, especially since the application of the term "parameres" to the entire copulatory apparatus of the male, has been employed by only one or two students of the ants. I suggested using the term phallus for the entire copulatory apparatus, as is done in lower insects; but since there might be some objection to this usage of a term which is made a synonym of the term penis in Smith's "Glossary," I have em- ployed the designations genitalia, genital apparatus, or copulatory apparatus for the parts of the male alone, in the present paper, since we already have the designations ovipositor, sting, etc., for the "genitalia" of the female. The designation "copulatoria" has also been suggested for the entire copula- tory apparatus of the male. 136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 modified styli, they might be called gonostyli to indicate their true nature; but for the purpose of this paper, it is sufficiently accurate to designate the forceps of male sawflies as the gono- pods, since this term is applied to homologous structures in the nearly related Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, etc. The penis valves "pv" of Figs, i, 27, 40, 41, etc , composing the central structure called the "penis," by students of the saw- fly group, may possibly represent the paired structures labeled "eu" in Fig. 29 of an ephemerid, or the structures labeled "pm" in Fig. 30, or in Fig. 34, may be homologous with the penis valves. Whatever their homologues in lower insects may be, the penis valves of sawflies ("pv" of Figs. 27, 41, etc.) appear to be homol- ogous with the penis valves of the Mecoptera, labeled "pv" in Figs. 35 and 31, and provisionally, at least, I would adopt this interpretation of these parts. It has been suggested that the penis valves may be homologous with the structure sometimes called the uncus in higher Hymenoptera, but since the penis valves do not form an "uncus," or hook, in the sawflies, and since they do not appear to be homologous with the structure to which the term uncus is usually applied in the Lepidoptera, I prefer to refer to them simply as the penis valves when they are distinct, or as the "penis," when they are united — although a subsequent study of the sawflies may indicate that the true penis is a deli- cate structure enclosed within the penis valves. The copulatory ossicles "gl" (Figs. 40, 16, 14, etc.) of sawflies may possibly be homologous with the structures termed "sagittae" (a designation usually applied to the markings of the wings in Lepidoptera) in higher Hymenoptera, and I have therefore provisionally designated them as the "sagittae" in the present paper, although I have not as yet been able to obtain the inter- mediate forms to enable me to determine whether this is the cor- rect interpretation of these parts, or not; and the same is true of the parts which I have provisionally homologized with the so- called volsellae of higher Hymenoptera (i. e., the sclerite labeled "pal," in the different figures of sawfly genitalia). I had former-h- ref erred to the structures "gl" and "pal" as the "gonossiculi" and "parossiculi;" but rather than to introduce new terms for parts already supplied with appropriate designations, it is pre- ferable to apply the terms sagittae and volsellae to them pro- vissionally, until the necessary material is available to determine whether this interpretation is correct or not. The terms prae- putium and manubria have (in a few instances) been applied to the plates and processes labeled "pa" in the different figures of sawfly genitalia; but I prefer to refer to these structures simply as the parapenis plates and processes. The designation prae- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUXE, 1919 l.'u putium has come to have a definite and universally accepted meaning among the dermapterists, who apply this term to that portion of the penis within which the "glans" is retracted, and since the other application of the designation praeputium to the basal segments of the gonopods by a few of the workers on the sawfly group is not recognized as a valid usage in any glossary, textbook, or general work, I prefer to give the term praeputium its general and widely accepted application — namely to restrict its application to the above-mentioned parts of the penes of the Dermaptera, for which it is unusually appropriate. Similarly, the designation "manubrium" cannot be applied to the parapenes "pa" (Fig. i), as is done by a few students of the sawfly group without creating unnecessary confusion, since the term manu- brium has come to have a definitely established and widely ac- cepted application to the base of the spring in Collembola, and any attempt to apply it to other structures, such as the projecting portion of the mesosternum of the Elateridae, or to the adbominal sterna of certain earwigs, etc., should be abandoned if we are ever to have any uniform terminology applicable to all of the orders of insects — as students of wing-venation are attempting to establish. In a male of the roach Periplaneta americana (shown in Fig. 77 of a paper by Crampton, 19183), it may be seen that the pair of appendages borne on the plate situated below the anus, are the styli, while the cerci are situated above the anal opening. Simi- larly, in the ephemerid shown in Fig. 58 of the present paper, the segmented appendages "s" borne on a plate situated below the anal opening are arthrostyles, or segmented styli, while the*cerci "c" are situated above the anal opening. Since the segmented appendages borne on the plate situated below the anal opening "a" of the larva of Neurotoma shown in Fig. 44 occupy a situa- tion similar to that of the segemented appendages "s" of the ephe- merid shown in Fig. 58, I would homologize the segmented ven- tral appendages of the Neurotoma larva ("s" of Fig. 44) with the arthrostyli or segmented styli "s" of the ephemerid shown in Fig. 58. On the other hand, the small cornicles labeled "c" in Figs. 43 and 47 of the larvae of Pteronidea and Treinex are located above the anal opening "a" and are probably homologous with the cerci "c" of lower insects (Fig. 58, etc.). MacGillivray, 1913, would call both the structures labeled "c" in Figs. 43 and 47, and those labeled "s" in Figs. 44 and 48, "anal cerci." That the two types of structures are not the same may be readily seen by comparing together the larva of Cephus and that of Trcmcx (Figs. 47 and 48). In both of these wood-boring larvae, as well as that of Sirex and similar forms, there occurs of postcornus 138 PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 "pc" analogous to, if not actually homologous with, the similar posterior horn of the wood-boring larva of the Coleopteron Cupes, etc., although it is not exactly comparable to the caudal horn of the lepidopterous sphingid larvae. Above, and to one side of the post cornus, "pc," of Figs. 47 and 48, is a lateral caudal groove "Ig," and above the base of the postcornus is a dorso- median caudal groove "dg" exactly similar in both larvae; but in Tremex (Fig. 47) a pair of cornicles "c" probably homologous with the cerci (although the homologies of similar cornicles of coleopterous larvae with cerci of lower insects have been dis- puted) is situated near the end of the dorsomedian caudal groove "dg" not far from the base of the postcornus "pc," while in Cephus (Fig. 48) these cerci are lacking. On the other hand, the ventral plate "hy" situated below the anal opening "a" of Cephus (Fig. 48), bears a pair of appendages labeled "s" which cannot be homologized with the cornicles "c" of the similar larva of Tremex (Fig. 47) since they do not occupy the same position in the two larvae with respect to such "landmarks" as the dorsomedian cuadal groove "dg," lateral groove "Ig," postcornus "pc," anal opening "a," and ventral region "hy," which are practically the same in both larvae (Figs. 47 and 48). The ventral append- ages "s" of the larva of Cephus (Fig. 48), however, occupy a simi- lar position with respect to the anal opening "a," ventral region "hy," etc., as the structures "s" of the larva of Neurotoma (Fig. 44) do, and there can be little doubt that the structures labeled "s" are homologous in the two larvae shown in Figs. 48 and 44. If the cornicles "c" of the larva shown in Fig. 47 are cerci (the designation "anal" cerci is not necessary, since the term cerci alone sufficiently defines the structures in question), then the structures labeled "s" in Figs. 48 and 44 are not cerci, and it would be incorrect to designate them as such (as is done by Mac- Gillivray, 1913, who calls them all "anal cerci") and the term arthrostyli, or segmented styli should be applied to the append- ages "s" of Fig. 44, since they are apparently homologous with the arthrostyli "s" of the ephemerids, etc. (Fig. 58). The half English, half Latin designation "prolegs" is usually applied to the abdominal limbs of larvae; but if the terms prono- tum, procoxae, protarsus, etc., indicate structures of the pro- thorax, then the term "prolegs" should refer to the legs of the prothorax alone, and in the interest of exact usage the designa- tion uropoda (which according to Smith's "Glossary" refers to the abdominal legs in general) should be applied to the limbs of the urites — as the abdominal segments are commonly called among entomologists. Most recent investigators now admit that the abdominal appendages in question represent the vestiges of true limbs, so that there can be no objection to calling them PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 139 uropods, from this standpoint. The terminal abdominal limbs are here referred to as "postpedes," merely for the sake of con- venience in order to distinguish them from the other uropods. The postpedes "pp" of the larvae of Megaxyela (Fig. 51) and certain other sawflies, bear a pair of postcalli "pea," or posterior callus-like structures, whose function is unknown. It is possi- ble that the region labeled "pea" in the larva of Pteronidea (Fig. 43) may correspond to the united structures "pea" of the Megaxyela larva; but I am not certain of this point. The relation of the appendages labeled "s" in Figs. 44 and 48, to the postpedes "pp" of Figs. 43 and 51 (or to the structure "pea" of the latter figures) is largely conjectural; but, since styli occur on the basal segments of the limbs of such forms as Scolopendrella, Machilis, etc., I hardly think that the styli "s" of larvae (Fig. 44, etc.) represent entire limbs (or their vestiges), but are rather limb appendages which have been retained, while the remainder of the limb which bore them has become atrophied or lost. It would be an extremely interesting bit of investigation to trace out the relationship of the larval appendages "pp" and "pea" of Fig. 51, or the appendages "s" of the larvae shown in Figs. 44 and 48, to the genital forceps of the adult male; but I have not the necessary material, to determine which of these types of larval structures form the forceps of the adult male, and must therefore postpone attempting to determine this question until the requisite material is available. It would be encroaching upon the province of the specialist who has spent a lifetime in the study of a group of insects, to attempt to determine the interrelationships of the different members of his group, so that it is not the purpose of the present paper to speculate upon the interrelationships of the forms here discussed, since the study of the terminal structures alone can furnish but a portion of the evidence necessary for such a study. On the other hand, the study of the terminal structures can con- tribute its share of the evidences of relationship — which must be drawn from all available sources — and it may be of some in- terest to briefly call attention to some of the more patent evi- dences of relationship afforded by a study of the terminal struc- tures. Rohwer and Cushman, 1917, would place the Oryssidae in a distinct suborder which they call the Idiogastra, and a stud}' of the terminal structures would indicate that the Oryssidae differ markedly from the remainder of the sawfly group, the parts being extremely highly specialized, or modified, in these forms. The genitalia of a male of Oryssus sayii are not visible from the ex- terior (Fig. 42), and the terminal segments are withdrawn into 140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE), 1919 the cavity formed by the eighth tergite "S1" and the ninth sternite "ha." Unfortunately, in removing the genitalia from the male Oryssus loaned me by Mr. Rohwer, I did not realize the extreme rarity of the males of these insects, and, due to the great diffi- culty of handling the smooth segments which offer no means of securing a firm hold with the forceps, my mind was so occupied with removing the genitali intact, that I neglected to note which side of the genital apparatus was uppermost when in situ. It is a comparatively simple matter to identify that surface primi- tively uppermost (i. e., not displaced by a torsion of the copula- tory apparatus) in other sawflies, by comparing together the sur- faces on which the copulatory ossicles ("gl," of all figures) are located; but in the case of Oryssus the parts of the genitalia (while suggestive of a relationship to Cephus, and also to Tremex) are so different from those of other sawflies that it has been im- possible to determine their homologies with any degree of ac- curacy, although if I knew which side of the genital apparatus is uppermost when in situ, it would greatly aid in determining the homologies of the parts. The central structure "pv" of Figs. 37 and 38 evidently corresponds to the penis valves of other saw- flies ("pv" of all figures); but I am unable to determine whether the structure labeled "eg?" in Fig. 37 represents the copulatory ossicle "gl" of Figs. 26, etc., of other sawflies (which is a strong possibility), or the distal segment of the forceps "eg" of Figs. 13 and 26, or even the region labeled "pal," although I am in- clined to interpret the structure in question in the manner indi- cated by the label. The structure labeled "pal?" in Figs. 37 and 38 may represent the distal segment of the forceps labeled "eg" in other figures, or the structure labeled "pal" in other sawflies; but I am unable to determine which, from the material available to me at present. From the foregoing discussion, it is quite evident that the Oryssidae differ from other sawflies quite markedly in regard to the parts of their genitalia (which, as a rule, do not vary greatly in the sawfly group), as well as in other anatomical details, and the peculiar character of the genitalia and terminal segments of the Oryssidae might therefore be in- terpreted as lending weight to the view that they constitute a distinct suborder of the sawfly group. The importance one would ascribe to such a small and highly modified group, however, is largely a matter of personal preference. The lack of intermediate forms has made it impossible to determine the closest affinities of the oryssids among the members of the sawfly group, and the genitalia offer no evident indications of a close relationship to any of the forms here studied, although an examination of a wider range of sawflies, may be more productive of results. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 With regard to the affinities of the cephids and xiphydriids, Rohwer, 1915, has described a cephid genus Syntexis, which com- bined characters common to the Xiphydriidae and Cephidae, and he considers that the cephids are like the ancestors of the xiphydriids. I have not examined the genitalia of a male of Syntexis, to be able to state whether these structures would bear out Rohwer 's contention concerning the ancestral nature of the cephid group; but the genitalia and terminal abdominal segments of the cephids which I have been able to examine, would seem to indicate that the Xiphydriidae in general are less specialized than the Cephidae I have seen (compare Fig. 7 with Fig. 8), in so far as the copulatory apparatus is concerned; and the shape of the terminal segments of the male, is a little more like that of the primitive Xyelidae and "Lydidae," in the Xiphydriidae (Fig. 46), than in the Cephidae (Fig. 55), although the latter fact does not necessarily imply that the Xiphydriidae are more primi- tive in this respect. So far as the terminal abdominal segments are concerned, the great "breadth" (measured along the long axis of the insect's body) of the eighth abdominal sternite "8s," and the lengthening of the ninth sternite "ha" in Cephus (Fig. 55) are characters sug- gestive of the condition found in the siricids (Fig. 49), as is also true of the non-overlapping of the ninth and tenth tergites by the eighth tergite, in these insects. The lack of cerci in the siricid shown in Fig. 49 would have no bearing in such a comparison, since other siricids, such as Sir ex,' etc., have well developed cerci. The copulatory apparatus of Xiphydria (Fig. 20) is quite like that of Sirex (Fig. 53) on the primitively ventral side (i. e., on that side which is ventrally located in those insects in which a torsion of the genital apparatus does not occur) ; but the copula- tory apparatus of Cephus (Fig. 8) is more like that of Sirex (Fig. 45) on the primitively dorsal side (save for the fact that the basal and terminal segments of the forceps have united to form an ap- parently single segment), and the wide collar-like character of the basal ring "gg" of Cephus (Fig. 8) is especially suggestive of the condition occurring in the siricid group (Figs. 45, 36 and 37> "gg")- The terminal structures of the larvae (Figs. 47 and 48) are strikingly similar in the Siricidae, Cephidae, and Xiphy- driidae, and it is quite possible that the Cephidae and Xiphy- driidae are more closely related to the siricid group than they are to the "tenthredinoid" sawflies. As far as the torsion of the genital apparatus is concerned, the Siricidae, Cephidae, Xiphy- driidae (Oryssidae?), Xyelidae, "Lydidae" (Megalodontidae?) etc., appear to belong to the "Orthandria," or group in which no torsion occurs, while all of the other forms I have examined 142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 belong to the "Strophandria," or sawflies which exhibit a torsion of the genital apparatus. The interpretation of these resem- blances, however, depends upon the character of other structures as well as the genitalia, and the condition here mentioned is referred to merely to indicate a line of investigation which might possibly lead to some interesting results in connection with the study of other structures in addition to the terminal ones. In all of the siricids which I have been able to examine, there are small spine-like projections near the tip of the copulatory ossicles "gl" of Fig. 53. Similar ossicular spines occur on the region labeled "gl" in Tremex (Fig. 36), and I would therefore interpret this region as the homologue of the copulatory ossicles (i. e., the region "gl" of Fig. 36), although it is not demarked from the sclerite "pal" (Fig. 36). The copulatory ossicles "gl" are small in most of the lower sawflies (Figs. 32, 33, 28, etc., and in Megaxyela (Fig. 28) they, and the region "pal," have become folded inward, and come to lie on the mesal surface of the base of the forceps "gb," making it very difficult to detect them in this hidden location. This con- dition may have been due to a shrinking of the parts in the dried specimen of Megaxyela which I examined; but since I was able to study only one representative of these rare insects (males of which are extremely scarce), I am unable to state whether this condition would occur in "normal" specimens, or those not shrunken by drying, although I suspect that this infolding would not occur in fresh material. The processes labeled "pa" in Figs, i, 2 and 3, and the plates labeled "pa" in Figs. 4 and 5, do not occur in those xyelids, "lydids" (pamphilids) , xiphydriids, cephids and siricids I have ex- amined, and appear to be a modification developed in the "twisted genitalia" group alone, although they are not developed in all the members of this group. Even in the comparatively highly modified genitalia of such forms as Cephus (Fig. 8) among the "non-torsion" group there is no marked tendency for the basal segments of the forceps "gb" to unite; but in the members of the "torsion group shown in Figs. 10, 12, 13, etc., the basal segments of the forceps "gb" become rather closely approximated, and in such forms as Perga (Fig. 9) there is a marked tendency for these basal segments "gb" to unite, and I should be inclined to interpret such a union as representing a rather high degree of specializa- tion— or departure from the primitive condition. The "gonocondyle" labeled "b" in Figs, i, 14, 24, etc., appears to be better developed and more elongate in the "torsion" group of sawflies (i. e., those in which a torsion of the copulatory ap- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 143 paratus occurs) ; but I doubt that this feature will be found to hold good in attempting to differentiate between the two types, if the torsion of the genital apparatus should prove to have any meaning from the standpoint of the study of the interrelationships of the members of the sawfly group or their mating habits. This, and similar question of the affinities of the sawflies can best be taken up by specialists in these groups, or by those having ac- cess to a wide range of types, so that the present paper is intended merely to furnish a basis for the more intensive study of the different types of genitalia and terminal structures present in the sawfly group, and to attempt to determine the meaning and homologies of the parts met with in the terminal structures of these insects. Mr. S. A. Rohwer has made a preliminary study of the genital apparatus of the males of sawflies based largely upon the genitalia of Tremex, and he has very kindly permitted me to include in the present paper his table of the parts of the genitalia (for which he has adopted the terminology employed by other workers in this group) in order that the different views as to the homologies of the parts may be here discussed, in an effort to determine the correct interpretation of the parts, and the designations which should be applied to them. Mr. Rohwer's views of the nature of the genital apparatus, which he considers to be made up of three parts, are briefly set forth in the following table: Third Gonapophyses Forcipes Cochlearium (Claspers of authors, aussere Haltezange of (Outer pair of appendages Enslin, 1912) Of the ninth sternite) Stipes Cardo First Gonapophyses Praeputium I Sagittae of authors, ( Praeputium (Paired appendages of the < innere Haltezang eighth sternite) [ of Enslin, 1912 [ Manubria Second Gonapophyses Penis (Inner pair of appendages of the ninth sternite) Mr. Rohwer informs me that Hartig, 1837, applies the term "manubria" to the processes labeled "pa" in Fig. i ; while the basal portion of these processes (i. e., the plates labeled "pa" in Figs. 4, 5, etc.), together with the copulatory ossicles "gl" of Fig. 14, and the sclerites labeled "pal" in Fig. 14, constitute the structures designated as the "praeputium" by Rohwer, 1912 (pp. 215-217). The "third gonapophyses" or "forcipes" mentioned in the table given above, are the gonopods "gb" and "eg" of the 144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 present paper, together with the basal ring "gg," which is the "cardo" mentioned in the table. The "stipes" is the basal seg- ment "gb" of the gonopods, and the "cochlearium" is the distal segment "eg" of the gonopods. The "penis" mentioned in the table as composed of the "second gonapophyses," is represented by the penis valves "pv" of the present paper, and the "first gonapophyses," which constitute the "praeputium" according to Rohwer, are made up of the structures labeled "gl," "pal" arid "pa" in the figures of the present paper. While it is quite possible that the foregoing table may repre- sent the actual meaning and relationships of the parts of the genitalia to one another, I do not find myself entirely in accord with all of the interpretations Mr. Rohwer has given them. The gonopods or forceps may or may not be the appendages of the ninth, or even of the tenth segment; but one can not deter- mine this point with any degree of certainty until the develop- ment of these structures has been traced through the larval to the adult stages. Furthermore, I would not interpret the "cardo" or basal ring "gg" (of all figures) as a part of the forceps proper, but rather as a basal plate which bears the forceps, and which may possibly represent the sternal region of the tenth or other abdominal segment, although, as stated above, this question can be best settled by making a study of the ontogenetic development of the parts in question. The sclerites referred to as the "praeputium" in the table, to my mind are merely detached basal portions of the forceps, and therefore would not belong to part of a segment which does not bear the forceps. As far as the "penis" is concerned, I am inclined to consider that it does not belong to the same segment as that bearing the forceps, since the penis rods ("pr" of all figures) extend forward to the segment in front of the basal ring of the forceps; but here again, I would not care to give any definite opinion on the subject, until the ontogenetic development of the parts in question has been worked out; and reference to the sup- posed "segments to which the different parts of the copulatory apparatus belong has been purposely omitted from the appended table of the parts according to the interpretation here given. The choice of Hartig's term "praeputium" is, to my mind, a rather unfortunate one, if there is to be any uniformity of applica- tion of terms used in the comparative anatomy of all insects, since the designation praeputium has been universally used by students of the earwig or Dermapteron group (e. g., Zacher, and others included in the list of papers dealing with the genitalia of males of Dermaptera given in the bibliography of a paper on the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 145 genitalia of male insects by Cramp ton, 19183, page 63) to refer to the structure labeled "eu" in Fig. 34 of the Dermapteron figured in the present paper, and the application of the term praeputium should be restricted to structures homologous with those labeled "eu" in the figure of the Dermapteron (Fig. 34) in all insects. Smith, 1906, (Explanation of Terms Used in Ento- mology), defines the praeputium as "the external membranous covering of the penis; specifically a spherical muscular mass at the base of the penis in some Orthoptera," and, as so defined, the structures in question cannot be called the praeputium in saw- flies, if the term is to have a general application. Similarly, the designation "manubrium" cannot be used for the processes labeled "pa" in Fig. i, without creating confusion, since the term manubrium is applied to a ventral plate of the abdominal region in Dermaptera, to the anterior projecting portion of the mesoster- num of elaterid beetles, and to the base of the spring in Collem- bola (a usage accepted by most entomologists), thus making it far preferable to use some other term for the structures in ques- tion in the sawflies, if we are to avoid confusion in the established application of the term manubrium. While the designation genital forceps is extremely appropriate for the gonopods, the same term is applied to the forceps-like cerci (which are not homologous with the gonopods) in the Dermap- tera, and since the gonopods of sawflies are not homologous with the cerci of Dermaptera, but are possibly homologous with the structures near the penis in these insects, it is preferable to em- ploy the term gonopods for the genital forceps of sawflies, since they clearly correspond to the structures called gonopods in Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Neuroptera, etc. The term "cochlearium" (which I take to be the Latin word meaning "a spoon"), while very appropriate for the spoon-like or shell-like terminal segment of the gonopods of sawflies, is hardly suitable for the slender, claw-like terminal segment of the gonopods of Mecoptera, etc., which is nothing like a spoon, and since the term harpes has been universally applied to the terminal segments of the gonopods in Lepidoptera, it has seemed preferable to retain the designation harpes for the terminal seg- ments of the gonopods of insects in general. The use of the terms cardo and stipes for the basal ring and the basal segment of the gonopods is greatly to be deplored, since the designations cardo and stipes have always been applied to sclerites of the maxillae, and if we are ever to have a uniform application of terms in ento- mology (as is insisted upon in vertebrate anatomyj, such inde- scriminate usages must be abandoned. On this account, in place of the designations cardo, stipes (pleural "stipites"), and lacinia as 146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 applied to the parts of the genitalia, I have substituted the designa- tions gonocardo, and gonostipes, and have retained the alternate term volsella (in place of lacinia). It should be borne in mind, however, that the designation "stipes" is usually applied to the entire arm of the "outer forceps" (i. e., the gonopods) in higher Hymenoptera, instead of being restricted to the basal segment of the arm of the "outer forceps," as is the case with the designation "gonostipes." The term sagittae is a very appropriate one for the copulatory ossicles "gl," and I have provisionally adopted this designation for these ossicles, in the present paper, although a subsequent study, with material not at present available to me, may indicate that these ossicles are not homologous with the sagittae of higher Hymenoptera. They were called "gonossiculi" in a former paper. In Mr. Rohwer's table, both the ossicles "gl," and the sclerites "pal" are grouped under the designation sagittae, and Enslin, 1912, in his Fig. 15 of the genitalia of Sir ex, considers them as merely parts of the "innere Haltezang" (or inner forceps). The two, however, are distinct structures, and I have therefore re- stricted the designation sagittae to the ossicles "gl" alone, and I have designated the sclerites "pal" (all figures) as the "volsellae," provisionally homologizing them with the parts called volsellae or "laciniae" in higher Hymenoptera, although subsequent in- vestigations may indicate that this interpretation is not entirely correct. The sclerites "pal" were formerly termed the "parossi- culi." The term "penis" has been retained for the structure formed by the penis valves "pv," in the present paper, since this term is applied to the median structure in higher Hymenoptera as well; although I am not certain that what Mr. Rohwer designates as the penis in sawflies is really the penis, or a sheath enclosing the true penis. The material at present available, however, is not sufficiently well preserved to determine whether the delicate structure occurring within the penis valves of many sawflies is a true penis, or merely the coagulated seminal fluid, and until this point has been definitely determined, I have provisionally ac- cepted Mr. Rohwer's interpretation of the structure formed by the penis valves, as the penis. The following table will serve to briefly summarize the views here expressed regarding the conpositiom of the genital apparatus of male sawflies, and the terms applied to its parts. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 147 Gonocardo, "gg"....Gonocondyle, "b," or basal ring or basal "condyle." Harpes, "eg," or distal segments of gonopods. "Sagittae," "gl," Genitalia < Gonopods, "eg" or copulatory Copulatory or and "gb" . ossicles. genital appar- claspers, or atus of male genital forceps Gonostipes, "gb" "Volsellae,""pal," sawflies. or basal seg- or copulatory ment of gono- sclerites. pods. Parapenes, "Pa." Penisvalvae, "pv," Penis Rods, "pr" plates of pro- or valves compos- cesses on either ing "penis." side of "penis." The following comparison may be of some aid in interpreting the parts here described, in terms of the table given by Mr. Rohwer: I Gonopods, "eu" and "gb" Forcipes (Third gonophyses). (1) Harpes, "eu" Cochlearia. (2) Gonostipes, "gb" Stipes. a. Parapenes, "pa" Praeputium (Manubria). b. Sagittae, "gl" Praeputium. c. Volsellae, "pal" Praeputium. II. Gonocardo, "gg" Cardo. III. Penisvalvae, or Penis, "pv" Second gonopophyses, penis. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1896 Ashmead. Phylogeny of Hymenoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 3> P- 323- 1909 Berlese. Gli Insetti. I9i8a Crampton. Terminal Adbominal Structure and Genitalia of Male Apterygota, and Lower Pterygota. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 13, p. . 49- I9i8b Crampton. Genitalia and Terminal Abdominal Structures of Male Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Psocidae, Diptera, Trichoptera, etc. Psyche, 25, p. 47. 1912 Enslin. Tcnthrcdinoidea Mitteleuropas. Deuts. Ent. Zeitsch., Jg. 1912, Beiheft, p. i. 1867 Gerstaecker. Gattung Oxybelus. Arch. Xaturg., 20. 1837 Hartig. Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen. 148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 1903 Klapalek. Genitalsegmente und Anhaenge bei Trichopteren. Bull, internal. Acad. Sci. Boheme, 8, p. i. 1897 Konow. Systematik der Hymenopteren. Ent. Nachr., 1897, p. 148. 1913 MacGillivray. . Immature Stages of Tenthredinidae. 44 Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ontario, p. 54. 1918 Newell. Comparative Morphology of Genitalia of Insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. America, u, p. 109. 1912 Rohwer. Notes on Sawflies: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 43, p. 205. 1915 Rohwer. Remarkable Genus of Cephidae. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, 17, p. 114. 1917 Rohwer and Cushman. Idiogastra, New Suborder of Hymenoptera. Ibid., 19, p. 89. ABBREVIATIONS. a Location of anal opening. b Process of basal ring (gonocondyle). c Cerci. dg Dorsomedian caudal groove. eg Harpes, or distal segments of the genital forceps, also termed cochlearia. ep Epiproct, or tergite located above anal opening, regardless of segment it represents, or number of segments composing it. eu Eupenes, or parts of true penis, gb Gonostipes, or basal segment of genital forceps (incorrectly called stipes; . gg Gonocardo, or basal ring of copulatory apparatus (incorrectly called cardo). gl Copulatory ossicles probably homologous with sagittae of higher Hy- menoptera. gm Gonomaculae, or sensory areas, h Hernitergite. ha Hypandrium, or sternite located below male genitalia, regardless of segment to which it belongs. hy Hypoproct, or sternite below anal opening, regardless of segment it represents, or number of primitive segments composing it. Ig Lateral caudal grooves, mp Median plate. p Male genitalia, genital or copulatory apparatus ("copulatoria"). pa Parapenes or parapenis plates, also called praeputium and manubria. pal Probably the volsellae of higher Hymenoptera, (also incorrectly called laciniae). par Paraprocts, or plates on either side of anus, pc Postcornus, or caudal horn above anal opening in many wood-boring forms. pea Postcalli, or Callus-like structures above "anal prolegs." pm Parameres, or structures on either side of true penis. po Puppis, or caudal prolongation of hypandrium. pp Postpedcs, or "anal prolegs." PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUXE, 1919 149 pr Penis rods. pv Penisvlavae, or penis valves which unite to form the so-called penis. Styli, or arthrostyli (segmented styli). t Telonlum, or median terminal filament, v Virga, or chitinized terminal portion of ejaculatory duct. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The designation "ossicular surface," refers to that surface of the copula- tory apparatus which bears the copulatory ossicles "gl" of all figures. The designation "abossicular surface," refers to that surface of the copulatory apparatus on the side opposite the ossicular surface. The designation "(prim- itively) ventral," refers to that surface of the genital apparatus which was originally ventrally located in the primitive sawflies, and has remained so in the insect in question. The designation "(secondarily) ventral" denotes that surface of the copulatory apparatus which was originally dorsal in the primitive sawflies, but, in the insect in question, has come to occupy a ventral position through a revolution of the copulatory apparatus on its long axis, through 1 80 degrees. Mr. S. A. Rohwer has identified the specimens and has furnished most of the material used in the preparation of this paper. All figures except those of larvae are of male insects. Fig. i. Genitaliaof Cimbex americana, var. luctifera, — Klug, abossicular sur- face (secondarily ventral). Fig. 2. Genitalia of Polyselandria flavipes (Nort.), — -abossicular surface (secondarily), ventral. Fig. 3. Genitalia of Pteronidea ventralis (Say), — abossicular surface (sec- ondarily) ventral?1 Fig. 4. Genitalia of Tenthredella verticalis (Say), — -abossicular surface, (secondarily) ventral. Fig. 5. Genitalia of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), — abossicular surface (secondarily) ventral. Fig. 6. Genitalia of Cephaleia fascipennis (Cress.), — abossicular surface primitively) dorsal. Fig. 7. Genitalia of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), — abossicular surface (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 8. Genitalia of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), — abossicular surface (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 9. Genitalia of Perga dorsalis (Leach), — abossicular surface (second- arily) ventral? Fig. 10. Genitalia of Eriocampoides amygdalina (Rohwer) (paratype),— abossicular surface (secondarily), ventral? 1 The question mark following the designation of the surface of the copulatory apparatus figured, indicates that the genitalia were removed from the insect before it came into my hands, and the designation dorsal or ventral is purely conjectural. 150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, 1919 Fig. ii. Genitalia of Zachizonyx montana (Cress.), — abossicular surface (sec- ondarily), ventral? Fig. 12. Gentialia of Philomastix naucarrowi (Froggatt),— abossicular sur- face (secondarily), ventral? Fig. 13. Genitalia of Pterygophorus cinctus (Klug), — abossicular surface secondarily), ventral? Fig. 14. Genitalia of Cimbex americana, var. luctifera (Klug), — ossicular surface (secondarily), dorsal. Fig. i5.2 Genitalia of Polyselandria flavipes (Nort.), — ossicular surface (sec- ondarily), dorsal. Fig. 16. Genitalia of Pteronidea ventralis (Say), — ossicular surface (second- arily), dorsal? Fig. 17. Genitalia of Tenthredella verticalis (Say), — ossicular surface (sec- ondarily) dorsal. Fig. 18. Genitalia of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), — ossicular surface (sec- ondarily) dorsal. Fig. 19. Genitalia of Cephaleia fascipennis (Cress.), — ossicular surface (primitively) ventral. Fig. 20. Genitalia of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), — ossicular surface (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 21. Genitilia of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), — ossicular surface (primitively) ventral. Fig. 22. Genitalia of Perga dorsalis (Leach), — ossicular surface (secondarily) dorsal. Fig 23. Genitalia of Eriocampoides amygdalina, Rohwer (paratype) — ossicu- lar surface (secondarily), dorsal? Fig. 24. Genitalia of Zachizonyx montana (Cress.), — ossicular surface, (sec- darily) dorsal? Fig. 25. Genitalia of Philomastix naucarrowi (Froggatt), — ossicular surface, (secondarily) dorsal? Fig. 26. Genitalia of Pterygophorus cinctus (Klug), — ossicular surface, (sec- darily) dorsal? Fig. 27. Genitalia of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), — abossicular surface, (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 28. Genitalia of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), — ossicular surface, (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 29. Styli and genitalia of ephemerid Blastunis cupidus, male, ventral view. Fig. 30. Parameres and penis of apterygotan (Machilis polypoda, male, ventral view (after Crampton, igiSa). Fig. 31. Terminal segments and gonopods of Mecopteron Xannochorista dipteroides, male, dorsal view (from Crampton, 191 8b, after Tillyard). - The upper right hand label "pa" in Fig. 15 should read "pal." PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 6, JUNE, IQIQ Fig. 32. Genitalia of Cephaleia frontalis (Westw.), — -ossicular surface (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 33. Genitalia of Pamphilius persicus (MacG.), — ossicular surface (primitively) ventral? Fig. 34. Genitalia of Dermapteron (Euplexopteron) Echinosoma occidental*, ventral view. Fig- 35- Terminal segments and gonopods of Mecopteron Merope tuber, male, dorsal view (after Crampton, 19180). Fig. 36. Genitalia of Tremex columba (Linn.), — ossicular surface, (primi- tively) ventral. Fig. 37. Genitalia of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), — abossicular surface? (primi- tively) dorsal? Fig. 38. Genitalia of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), — ossicular surface? (primi- tively) ventral? Fig. 39. Genitalia of Dolerus collaris (Say), — abossicular surface, (second- arily) ventral. Fig. 40. Genitalia of Dolerus collaris (Say), — ossicular surface, (secondarily) dorsal. Fig. 41. Genitalia of Tremex columba (Linn.),— abossicular surface, (primi- tively) dorsal. Fig. 42. Terminal structures of Oryssus sayii (Westw.), male, lateral view. Fig. 43. Terminal structures of larva of Pteronidea, lateral view. Fig. 44. Terminal structures of larva of Neurotoma, lateral view. Fig. 45. Genitalia of Sirex edwardsii — abossicular surface (primitively) dorsal. Fig. 46. Terminal structures of Xiphydria mellipes (Say), male, lateral view. Fig. 47. Terminal structures of larva of Tremex columba (Linn.), lateral view. Fig. 48. Terminal structures of larva of Cephus, lateral view. Fig. 49. Terminal structures of Tremex columba (Linn.), male, lateral view. Fig. 50. Terminal structures of Hemitaxonus dubitatus (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 51. Terminal structures of larva of Megaxyela, lateral view. Fig. 52. Terminal structures of Trichopteron Philopotamus sp., male, lateral view. Fig. 53. Genitalia of Sirex edwardsii — ossicular surface (primitively) ven- tral. Fig. 54. Terminal segments, dorsal view, Xiphidria mellipes, Say. Fig- 55- Terminal structures of Cephus cinctus (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 56. Terminal structures of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), male, lateral view. Fig. 57. Terminal ventral segments of Megaxyela aenea (Nort.), male. Fig. 58. Terminal structures of ephemerid Heptagenia inter punctate, male, lateral view (after Crampton, PLATE 9 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 CRAMPTON— CHALASTOGASTROUS GENITALIA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 1" CRAMPTOX— CHALASTOGASTROUS GEXITALIA PLATE 1 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 CRAMPTON— CHALASTOGASTROUS GENITALIA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 I'l.ATK 12 URAMPTOX CHALASTOGASTROUS C.IIXITAI.IA 156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, XO. 6, JUNE, 1919 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYNIPOID FROM TRINIDAD. BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology. Diglyphosema anastrephae, new species. In Dalla Torre and Kieffer (1910 Das Tier. p. 245), this species runs best to Diglyphosema flavipes Ashmead, but there are many differences from that species. The wings are bare and the sculp- ture of the scutellum is different. There is some doubt in my mind as to the generic position, but in structure it is similar to Jiavipes Ashmead. Female. — Length, 2 mm. Length of antennae, 2 mm. Head polished without sculpture; face with two impressed, slightly diverging, lines above the cypeus; inner margins of the eyes evenly rounded so they are closest together a short distance below the antennae; lateral ocelli placed on sides of elevations so they look laterally; postocellar line subequal with ocellocular line; seen from above the posterior orbits sharply converge and then become parallel; seen from the side the posterior margin of the head is angulate a short distance below the top of the eyes; antennae 13-jointed; scape and pedicellum of subequal length; third joint longer than fourth or fifth and about one-fourth shorter than the scape and pedicellum combined; joints beyond the fourth strongly moniliform and striate, the apical joints wider than the basal joints; apical joint one-fifth longer than the preceding; pro- notum truncate anteriorly and carinate, lateral angles dentate and with two dorsal teeth medianly; mesonotum polished; basin of scutellum rather large nearly circular in outline; scutellum carinate laterally, the lateral carinae extended so the apex is subdentate; dorsal surface of scutellum with radiating rugae from the raised basin; posterior face of scutellum reticulate; propodeum seen from behind hexagonal, shining with dense hairs medianly; mesopleurae polished ; anterior margin of second abdominal segment trun- cate, foveolate laterally ; wings bare; venation weak, apical abscissa of subcosta present but not attaining margin of wing. Black; mandibles and legs (except infuscate hind femora) rufous; wings hyaline. Male. — Length 1.75 mm. Length of antennae 2 mm. Agrees well with female; antennae 15-jointed, flagellum strongly moniliform and striate, the median joints somewhat compressed. Type locality. — Trinidad, B. W. I. Described from five fe- males (one type) and one male reared in June and July, 1917, from Anastrepha sp. by F. W. Urich and recorded under his numbers F-I3 and F-i6. Type. — Cat. No. 22029, U. S. Nat. Mus. If the base of the abdomen can be said to have a hair ring (there is a hair band laterally but it is not complete) this species will go to Lytosema Kieffer. Actual Date of Publication, June 18, 1919. VOL. 21 OCTOBER 1919 No. 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS GAHAN, A. B. DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF OPIUS (HYMENOP- TERA BRACONIDAE) 161 HERBERT, FRANK B. — A NEW SPECIES OF MATSUCOCCUS FROM PINES IN CALIFORNIA (HEMIP.-HOMOP.) 157 TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI — NOTES ON SOME JAPANESE APHIDIDAE 173 WICKHAM, H. F. — SCAPHINOTUS (PSEUDONOMARETUS) MANNII N. SP. (COLEOPTERA CARABIDAE) 170 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice-President W. R. WALTON Second Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer ._ S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a Vice- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences.. . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. 'Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 OCTOBER, 1919 No. 7 A NEW SPECIES OF MATSUCOCCUS FROM PINES IN CALIFORNIA (HEMIP.-HOMOP.). BY FRANK B. HERBERT, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. Coccidae Subfamily — Margarodinae. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, new species. Adult Female. — 3 to 3.5 mm. long and 1 to 1.4 mm. broad, elongate oval somewhat narrowed anteriorly (Plate 14, H.). In life the insect is of a brownish color, with margin of abdomen and appendages tinged with yellow. The derm is rough or crinkled. Antennae are transversely striate, nine- segmented, bases approximate. The first segment is large, slightly longer than broad, 2nd nearly as broad but much shorter, the remaining segments becoming successively more slender, each being widest near the outer end. Each segment bears three or more slender spines, segments 5 to 9 each also bear two heavier spines (Plate 14, C.). Legs are moderately large, trans- versely striated, the tarsus attached at the apex of the tibia and strongly curved outward. Trochanter bears one long spine, the femur, tibia and tarsus each bear a number of small spines. There are no digitules borne on the tip of the tibia as in the genus Kuwania but instead the tarsus bears two hair-like digitules and the tarsal claw two knobbed digitules (Plate 14, D.). Eyes are present, mouthparts sometimes present. There are seven abdominal and two thoracic pairs of spiracles from each of which 8 or more tracheae arise (Plate 14, G.). The dorsum of the abdomen bears transverse rows of large, simple pores (Plate 14, F.), while both the dorsum and the venter bear internal ducts, which, viewed from above, have the appearance of 8-shaped pores (Plate 14, E-). Small spines are present on both the dor- sum and venter. Without a marsupium. Anal tube absent, anal ring not discernible. Larva, first stage. — Body is oval, acute at both ends (Plate 13, E.). An- tennae are approximate, 7-segmented, segment 1 is large and broad, 2, 4 and 6 are long, 3 and 5 are short, 7 is medium, segment 2 bears 3 long spines and 4 and 6 each bear 2 broad stiff spines, 7 bears 4 long spines on its tip (Plate 13, D.). The legs are rather small, the femur broad, the tibia and tarsus slender, the latter bearing two knobbed digitules (Plate 13, C.). The trochanter bjars one slender spine. Segmentation of the abdomen is distinct. There are 157 PLATE 13 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 F HERBERT— MATSUCOCCUS FASCICULENvSIS PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATIi 14 HERBERT— MATSUCOCCUS FASCICULENSIS 160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 seven pairs of abdominal spiracles, resembling a row of buttons on each side of the abdomen, with smaller button-like processes alternating between them (Plate 13, B.). There are also two pairs of thoracic spiracles. The tip of the abdomen is truncate, bearing a long slender seta on each side. The derm, especially of the abdomen, is lineate. The cast skins of the first stage are similar except that the cephalothorax is enormously extended and rounding (Plate 13, F.). Larva, second stage. — -Cast skins only have been found: these resemble those of the first stage in every way, except that they are very much larger. Larva, third stage. — -Without eyes, legs or antennae (Plate 14, A.). The spiracles are large and conspicuou , 7 abdominal and 2 thoracic being pres- ent. They are surrounded by a number of small ducts and are set at the inner end of rather long slanting tubes (Plate 14, B.). In life, wax threads extend from these tubes inclining posteriorly. The derm is somewhat chit- inized. The anal tube is absent, anal ring not discernible. Mouthparts present in all larval stages. Parts well separated, the in- ternal framework being central with the mentum considerably posterior to it. Male . — -Unknown . Types.— Holotype, an adult female (Hopk., U. S. No. 15406B), mounted with the immature stages of the same individual, from within the fascicles of digger pine (Pinus sabiniana) needles, Mt. St. Helena, California. Paratypes of adults and larvae (Hopk., U. S. Nos. 15406B, 15409B and 15813A) from within the fascicles of digger pine and yellow pine (P. ponderosd) needles, Mt. St.. Helena and Placerville, California. Author, collector. Holotype and paratypes in the National Collection of Coccidae. Paratypes also in Forest Insect Collection at Los Gatos, California. Besides the above localities, it has been taken recently on digger pine at The Pinnacles, San Benito County, California, by Mr. G. F. Ferris. This is a most peculiar coccid occurring in the very interesting and peculiar subfamily, Margarodinae. According to Mr. Ku- wana's description and figures of Matsucoccus matsumurac (Kuwana), this new scale is apparently quite closely related to it in this genus. The adult is especially similar in the transversely striated legs and antennae, and the larva in the odd shaped antennae. This is the second species of the genus Matsucoccus Cockerel!, and is the first representative of the genus in America. The author has also seen an undescribed species of this genus in Mr. G. F. Ferris' possession, taken on Pinus monophylla, which forms a connecting link between fasciculensis and matsu- initnie, lacking several of the peculiarities of the former. Were it not for this undescribed species, fasciculensis would appear to be distinct enough to belong to a separate genus. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 l6l In life, this scale is usually found between the pine needles just at the point where they emerge from the sheath. Occa- sionally specimens are found within the fascicular binding or out on the needles not over an inch away. They are usually on the needles which are one and two years old. There is no doubt whatever about the last three stages for the adult female has been found within the apodous form, the latter having the cast skin of the preceding stage covering the posterior part of the body. A smaller cast skin, presumably of this indi- vidual, was beneath. There is a decided difference in the size of these two cast skins which also would indicate that there are two larval stages preceding the apodous form. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 13. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, n. sp. A. Several individuals situated in a fascicle of pine needles. (Enlarged.) B. vSpiracles and alternate button-like processes of first stage larva, side and top view. (Very much enlarged.) C. Leg of first stage larva. (Very much enlarged.) D. Antenna of first stage larva. (Very much enlarged.) E. First stage larva, vantral view. (Greatly enlarged.) F . Cast skin of first stage larva, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) Drawn by F. B. HERBERT. Plate 14. Matsucoccus fasciculensis, n. sp. A. Apodus form or third stage larva, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) B. Spiracle of apodous form, top and side view. (Very much enlarged.) C. Antenna of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) D. Leg of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) E. Duct of adult female, which, viewed from above, has the appearance of an 8-shaped pore. (Very much enlarged.) F. Large simple pores of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) G. Spiracle and tracheae of adult female. (Very much enlarged.) H. Adult female, ventral view. (Much enlarged.) Drawn by F. B. HERBERT. DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF OPIUS iHYMENOP- TERA-BRACONIDAE . BY A. B. GAHAN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. This paper contains descriptions of seven new species belonging to the genus Opius. Types of five of the new species are from 162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 continental North America while types of the other two species are from Trinidad, British West Indies. In order to indicate relationship and facilitate identification, the place at which each species runs out in the writer's previously published key to the North American species of the genus Opius (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, 1915, pp. 68-72) is given at the beginning of each description. Opius cupidus, new species. In the writer's key to species of Opius (I. c.) this species runs to category 24 and agrees best with the first alternate of that couplet. It is at once distinguished from provancheri Dalla Torre, how- ever, by the fact that the recurrent nervure is interstitial with first intercubitus instead of joining the second cubital cell; and also by the fact that the thorax, with the exception of the meso- sternum and propodeum, is reddish testaceous like the head. Resembles canaliculatus Gahan, but differs in that the median impression on the mesoscutum is not nearly so elongate, the pro- podeum lacks the transverse carina near base, and the first ter- gite is different. Female. — Length 3 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line more than three tirnes the length of the greatest diameter of an ocellus; vertex and frons polished; face polished, moderately hairy, with weak setigerous punctures and a distinct median ridge; malar space about equal to the width of mandible at base; clypeus with sparse, irregular punctures and separated from the mandibles by a narrow trans- verse opening; eyes ovate, moderate in size, and broader than the posterior orbits; antennae inserted opposite the middle of the eyes, 34-jointed in the type, the first two flagellar joints subequal and approximately two and one- half times as long as thick, following joints shorter but all distinctly longer than broad. Thorax polished, very sparsely hairy, the mesoscutum and scutellum mostly bare above, the former with a few pale hairs on the an- terior portion and a very few posteriorly on each side of the short, elliptical median depression; parapsidal grooves foveolate and deeply impressed at the anterior lateral angles of the mesoscutum, entirely effaced on the pos- terior two-thirds of the mesoscutum; transverse groove separating the scu- tellum from mesoscutum broad, deep, and strongly crenulate; mesopleura with a broad and strongly crenulate longitudinal depression below the mid- dle; propodeum irregularly rugoso-punctate, with an incomplete and poorly defined median longitudinal carina basally; wings with the stigma broad; first radial abscissa about equal to one-half the width of stigma, second abscissa approximately one and one-fourth times the length of the first inter- cubitus; radial cell rather broad and terminating some distance before extreme wing-apex; recurrent nervure exactly interstitial; first brachial cell closed PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 163 at apex; second cubital cell slightly narrowed toward apex. Abdomen about as long as thorax, broadly elliptical ; first tergite bicarinate basally, depressed between the carinae, the apical half broadly elevated and aciculate-punctate medially", the lateral margins smooth; tergites beyond the first smooth and polished; ovipositor concealed from above, retracted within the large cavity formed by the last dorsal and last ventral segments. Spot enclosed by ocelli, eyes, antennae entirely, prothorax beneath, mesosternum and lower part of mesopleura, metathorax, propodeum, first tergite, and ovipositor sheaths, black; palpi, all tarsi, and more or less of the abdomen beneath blackish; wings faintly fuscous on basal half, subhyaline on apical half, the veins and stigma blackish; remainder of the insect reddish testaceous. Type locality. — New York City, New York. Type.— Cat. No. 22373, U. S. Nat. Mus. Type and one female paratype labelled "Collected on beet; New York, N. Y.; July 11, 1916; H. B. Shaw, collector; Chittenden Number 4972 Ol." Also one female paratype labelled "Parasite, on Pegomyia hyoscyami Panzer; Brooklyn, N. Y.; August 9, 191S; Montague Free, collector." Opius turneri, new species. In the writer's previously mentioned key to species of Opius (1. c.) this species runs to category 50 where it agrees with the first character of the second alternate but not with the second character of that alternate, the propodeum being broadly pol- ished medially. Besides the differently sculptured propodeum it differs from oscinidis Ashmead by having the mesopleural impression not crenulate, the first tergite granularly sculptured instead of irregularly striate, and the cavity between mandibles and clypeus more distinct. From americanus Gahan it differs in addition to the differently sculptured propodeum, by lacking the tooth on ventral margin of mandible, by the distinct cavity between clypeus and mandibles, and by the much more weakly sculptured first and second tergites. Resembles bruneipes Gahan but is at once distinguished by the sculptured first and second tergites and the partially sculptured propodeum. Female. — Length 1.25 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line more than twice the diameter of an ocellus; head polished, impunctate, the face very sparsely hairy, without punctures and without a distinct median ridge; malar space a little shorter than the basal width of mandible; cavity between clypeus and mandibles transverse- linear but distinct; eyes ovate, moderately large, about twice as wide as the posterior orbits; antennae inserted above the middle of eyes, 22-jointed in type, the first flagellar joint fully three times as long as thick, following joints gradually decreasing in length but none less than twice as long as thick. 164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 Thorax polished, nearly glabrous; mesoscutum without a median dimple posteriorly, and without parapsidal grooves except at the extreme anterior lateral angles where they are barely indicated; transverse groove separating mesoscutum and scutellum foveolate; mesopleural impression weak and smooth; propodeum polished medially, distinctly though finely sculptured laterally; forewing with the stigma long and narrow; first radial abscissa very short, not much longer than thick, second abscissa nearly twice the first intercubitus, third abscissa distinctly longer than the first and second combined and attaining the wing margin considerably before the extreme wing-apex; recurrent vein nearly interstitial; second cubital cell narrowing apically; first brachial cell closed at apex. Abdomen as long as the thorax; first tergite granularly opaque and without carinae; coalesced second and third tergites without a distinct separating suture, weakly sculptured on the basal half, with two short oblique furrows diverging from middle of the anterior margin, posterior half and all of the following tergites smooth; tip of ovipositor barely visible from above. Black; scape, mandibles, palpi, legs including all coxae, first tergite and greater part of the coalesced second and third tergites pale reddish testaceous; abdomen except as noted blackish brown; tarsal claws black, hind tibiae and tarsi slightly fuscous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma dark brownish. Male. — Similar in every way to the female, the allotype antennae 23- jointed. Type locality. — Greenwood, Mississippi. Type— Cat. No. 22734, U. S. Nat. Mus. Three females and one male reared from dipterous leaf-miner on cowpeas, July 31, 1916, by C. F. Turner and recorded under Greenwood No. 385. The species is named for the collector. Opius downesi, new species. This species runs in the writer's classification of the Opiinae (1. c.) to category 48 of the key to females of the genus Opius but does not agree with either alternate on account of the ovi- positor which is exserted distinctly more than half the length of abdomen. It also differs from all of the species included under category 48 of the key by the fact that the mesoscutum has a deep, nearly circular median impression posteriorly in front of the scutellum. Female. — Length 3 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocellocular line about three times the diameter of the lateral ocellus; vertex and frons polished; face polished, sparsely hairy, with very faint setigerous punctures and a distinct median longitudinal ridge; malar space slightly shorter than the width of mandible at base; mandibles fitting close to clypeus, without an opening between; eyes moderately large, ovate; antennae inserted above the middle of face, 36-jointed in the type. Thorax PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. J, OCT., 1919 165 polished and moderately hairy; mesoscutum with a distinct deep dimple- like impression posteriorly, the parapsidal grooves distinctly impressed at the lateral anterior angles of mesoscutum but mostly effaced on the dorsum; mesopleura smooth, without a distinct impression below the middle; pro- podeum rugoso-punctate, opaque, without longitudinal carinae; stigma of forewing long and narrow; radial cell long, terminating slightly before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius distinctly longer than the width of stigma opposite, second abscissa approximately one and one-half times as long as the first intercubitus ; second cubital cell long, not narrowed at apex; recurrent nervure joining the second cubital cell, the abscissa of cubitus between first intercubitus and recurrent vein nearly as long as the nervulus, first brachial cell closed at apex; abdomen about as long as the thorax; ovate, first tergite about as long as broad at apex, distinctly though rather irregularly longitudinally striate, and bicarinate basally; coalesced second and third tergites with the suturiform articulation distinct though not deeply impressed; second tergite throughout and basal one-third of third tergite strongly longitudinally striate, the striae terminating abruptly; apical two-thirds of the third tergite and all of the following tergites polished ; ovipositor protruding beyond the apex of abdomen approximately four- fifths the length of abdomen. General color blackish; head, antennal flagel- lum, dorsum of thorax, propodeum, and ovipositor sheaths black; the pos- terior middle of mesoscutum and region surrounding scutellum more or less piceous; first tergite for the most part, lateral margins of second arid third tergites, apex of third and the following tergites entirely, piceous or black- ish; scape, pedicel, more or less of clypeus, mandibles except at apex, pro- notum, pleura for the most part, legs including all coxae, and the abdomen except as noted, fusco-testaceous to reddish testaceous; hind tibiae and apical joint of all tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, venation blackish with the base of the veins paler. Male unknown. -Type locality. — Victoria, British Columbia. Type.— Cat. No. 22372, U. S. Nat. Mus. Host. — Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Described from four female specimens reared by Mr. W. Dowries, of the Canadian Department of Agriculture, from pupae of the above-named host. A single paratype deposited in the national collection of the Dominion of Canada at Ottawa, Canada. Holotype and two paratypes in the U. S. Nat. Mus. Named in honor of the collector. Opius richmondi, new species. Runs to category 22 in the writer's key (1. c.) and agrees fairly well with the first alternate. The infuscation on the wing is very faint, however, while the ovipositor is exserted slightly more than the full length of the abdomen. This species is still further i66 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 distinguished from fuscipennis Gahan by the fact that the vertex is not so strongly arched above the top of eyes, the eyes are larger, the flagellar joints are all distinctly longer than broad, the ocelli are much larger, and the propodeum is more rugosely sculptured. It may be separated from all of the species falling under category 21 of the key by the much longer ovipositor. Female. — -Length 2.5 mm. Head viewed from above more than twice as broad as long; ocelli rather large; ocellocular line about two and one-half times the diameter of an ocellus; vertex and frons polished and rather more than ordinarily hairy, the hairs pale yellowish; face moderately hairy, shin- ing, with conspicuous setigerous punctures, and a broad, low, median ridge; malar space approximately equal to width of mandible; cavity be- tween clypeus and mandibles rather broad and transverse; eyes moderately large, ovate; antennae inserted a little above the middle of eyes, 34-jointed; first flagellar joint about two and one-half times as long as broad; following joints gradually decreasing in length and thickness, those near the apex one and one-half to two times as long as broad; thorax polished, with rather conspicuous pubescence; mesoscutum with a slit-like depression posteriorly, extending from the middle to near the posterior margin; parapsidal grooves deeply impressed anteriorly for about one-third the length of mesoscutum, entirely effaced beyond; transverse suture separating mesoscutum and scu- tellum with about five carinae, the median one more conspicuous than the others; mesopleura smooth with the impression below the middle distinctly crenulate; propodeum coarsely rugose with a distinct, irregular, transverse carina before the middle; stigma of forewing moderately broad, sub triangular ; radial cell long, terminating slightly before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius slightly shorter than the width of stigma; second abscissa approximately one and one-third times the length of first intercubitus ; third abscissa much longer than the first and second combined; recurrent vein joining the second cubital cell; second cubital cell narrowed apically; first brachial cell closed at apex; abdomen about as long as thorax, elliptical; first tergite strongly bicarinate on the basal half, more weakly so on the apical half, the space between carinae on the apical half elevated and weakly rugulose; laterad of carinae practically smooth; tergites beyond the first smooth and polished, sparsely hairy; ^ovipositor exserted the length of the abdomen, measured from the base apparently nearly as long as head and thorax combined. Color uniformly dark reddish testaceous; eyes and ovi- positor sheaths black; antennae brownish black, the base of scape paler; wings faintly fuscous on basal half, the apical half hyaline, stigma and veins dark brown. Male. — Essentially like the female but with the vertex, occiput, and thorax very dark reddish, almost piceous. Type locality. — Cherryfield, Maine. Type.— Cat. No. 22375, U. S. Nat. Mus. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 167 Described from three females and one male received from Mr. E. Avery Richmond, and said to have been swept on the blue- berry "Barrens" at Cherryfield, Maine, by Mr. W. Colcord Woods, August 20, 1915. This species occurs coincidentally with Optus melleus Gahan (= Boisteres rhagoletis Richmond, as already pointed out by the writer in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 55, 1919, p. 123) and may have the same host, viz., Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Specimens of melleus are in my possession swept by Mr. Woods on the same date and apparently at the same place as the types of richmondi. In his account of the blueberry insects of Maine (Maine Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 244, 1915, p. 203) Mr. Woods makes mention of having swept Opius melleus on August 20, 1915, but does not mention the occurrence of another species. Since melleus and richmondi are superficially quite similar it is possible that Mr. Woods' observations and remarks may have been based in part on richmondi. While superficially alike the two species are quite distinct and easily separated by the fact that in melleus the second abscissa of cubitus is no longer than first intercubitus, the parapsidal grooves are complete, the second tergite is distinctly striated, and the ovipositor is exserted the length of the body. Opius lectus, new species. This species, like richmondi (ante), runs to category 22 in the writer's key (1. c.) and is very similar to both fuscipennis and richmondi. It differs from fuscipennis by having the eyes and ocelli larger, vertex less strongly arched above the top of eyes, posterior orbits less than one -half the width of eye, basal half of wing very faintly infuscated, propodeum a little more rugosely sculptured, and the head and thorax in part black. It may be distinguished from richmondi by the following description. Female. — Length 3 mm. Setigerous punctures of the face distinct though small; malar space shorter than width of mandible at base; antennae 33- jointed in the type; flagellar joints thicker than in richmondi, those in middle of flagellum barely longer than broad; stigma broad; first radial abscissa about half as long as the width of stigma; second abscissa very slightly more than one and one-third times the length of first intercubitus; ovipositor exserted about one-third the length of abdomen, measured from base prob- ably not as long as the abdomen. Antennal flagellum, eyes, frons and ver- tex except a broad orbital line, occiput medially, prothorax for the most part, mesopleura, metathorax, propodeum, more or less of first tergite, ovi- positor sheaths and tarsal claws black; abdomen beyond the third tergite tinged with brownish, remainder of body and legs dark reddish testaceous; 168 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 wings faintly infuscated on basal half, hyaline apically, venation blackish. Otherwise agrees with the description of richmondi. Male. — -Like female except that the black on frons is confined to a large rounded spot embracing the anterior ocellus and confluent above with the black on vertex; the propodeum is largely concolorous with mesoscutum and lacks a definite transverse carina, while the spiracles of first tergite are more prominent than in the female. Type locality. — Cherryfield, Maine. Type.— Cat. No. 2237S, U. S. Nat. Mus. Two females and one male received from E. Avery Richmond, who states that they were swept by Mr. W. Colcord Woods, August 26, 1915, on the blueberry "barrens" at Cherryfield, Maine. The types of this species were apparently collected at the same time and under the same conditions as those of Optus richmondi. The remarks appended to the description of the latter species would therefore apply equally to this one and the species may be parasitic on Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh. Opius trinidadensis, new species. This species is at once distinguished by its large size and lack of sculpture from the blackish species included by Brues and Richardson in their key to known species of Opius inhabiting South and Central America (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, 1913, p. 502). In the writer's key (1. c.) it runs to crawfordi Viereck, and is very closely related to that species but may be distinguished by slight differences in the clypeus as well as by the color of the mesoscutum. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; length of ovipositor 6 mm. Head viewed from above fully twice as broad as long; ocellocular line approximately two and one-half times the diameter of an ocellus; ocellar triangle distinctly elevated and bounded laterally by shallow grooves; posterior orbits equal to about half the eye-width; frons and vertex polished with very few hairs; vertex nearly straight, not arched above the top of eyes; face rather thickly hairy, shining, with distinct setigerous punctures, and a strong median, longitudinal ridge extending from the antennal fossae to the middle of clypeus ; anterior margin of clypeus very slightly angulated at the middle and at each lateral angle; these angulations similar to those in crawfordi but less prominent; malar space slightly longer than width of mandible at base; cavity between the clypeus and mandibles transverse, about half as broad as the median length of clypeus; antennae inserted far above the middle of eyes, longer than body, 54-jointed, the flagellar joints all longer than broad; thorax polished; mesoscutum with distinct, complete, non-foveolate, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 169 parasidal grooves and broadly depressed posteriorly but without a median dimple-like impression before scutellum; transverse suture between meso- scutum and scutellum crossed by only one carina ; mesopleura smooth, without a distinct impression below the middle ; propodeum polished and glabrous above, more or less weakly sculptured and thickly hairy on the posterior half; pro- podeal spiracles at the anterior end of a distinct shallow depression; abdomen about as long as head and thorax combined, smooth and polished throughout; first tergite strongly bicarinate from base to near apex and distinctly longer than broad; stigma of forewing broad; radial cell terminating some distance before the extreme wing-apex; first radial abscissa equal to about half the width of stigma; second abscissa twice as long as first and a little shorter than the first intercubitus; recurrent vein interstitial; second cubital cell narrowed towards apex; first brachial cell closed. Antennae, head except mouth, mesoscutum, tegulae, legs for the most part, ovipositor sheaths, and the venation, black or blackish; clypeus, mandibles except apex, front coxae, median coxae on inner side, fore and median tarsi except apical joint, pale testaceous; wings uniformly dark fuscous; remainder of thorax and the abdomen very dark reddish testaceous. Male.— Length 5 mm. In other respects agrees with the description of female. Type locality. — Trinidad, British West Indies. Type.— Cat. No 22376, U. S. Nat. Mus. Hosts. — -Anastrepha striata Schiner and A. serpentina Wiede- mann. Described from five females and four males reared in June and July by F. W. Urich, from the two above-named Trypetids. This species may be only a geographic race of crawfordi Viereck. Opius cereus, new species. Runs in the writer's key (1. c.) to category 6 where it disagrees with the first alternate by having the second tergite not striated 'and it will not agree with the second alternate, since the wings are hyaline. In Brues and Richardson's key (1. c.) it runs to areolatus Szepligetti and differs from the description of that species mainly in slight color characters. Male.— -Length 4 mm. Head viewed from above transverse, fully twice as broad as long; frons and vertex polished, rather more than ordinarily hairy, the former with distinct, though small, setigerous punctures; vertex nearly straight, and only slightly elevated above the top of eyes; ocellocular line about three times the diameter of an ocellus; face shining, distinctly hairy, with distinct setigerous punctures and a low broad median ridge; malar space distinctly longer than the width of mandible at base; anterior margin of clypeus sinuate, slightly angulated at the middle and at each lateral angle, separated from the mandibles by a narrow transverse cavity; 1 70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 eyes moderately large, ovate; posterior orbits equal to half the width of eye; antennae inserted slightly above the middle of eyes, 48-jointed in the type, the flagellar joints all distinctly much longer than thick; thorax pol- ished, sparsely hairy; mesoscutum with the parapsidal grooves complete, deep, broad, and non-foveolate ; transverse groove separating the meso- scutum from scutellum deep, with one longitudinal carina in the middle; mesopleura smooth, the impression below the middle non-foveolate; pro- podeum thickly covered with pale yellowish hairs, rugulose-punctate, with a short strong median carina anteriorly and distinctly areolated on the pos- terior face; the areolation comprised mainly of an elongate pentagonal me- dian area extending from a little before the middle to the posterior margin and on either side of this a broader, deeply depressed, irregularly shaped area which is limited outwardly by a strong curved carina that runs from the posterior nearly to the anterior margin; propodeal spiracles on low tubercles, stigma of forewing rather long and moderately broad ; radial cell long, termi- nating considerably before the extreme wing-apex; first abscissa of radius about equal to the breadth of stigma; second abscissa one and one-half times the first abscissa and slightly shorter than the first intercubitus; third radial abscissa fully twice as long as the first and second combined, nearly straight; recurrent nerve interstitial; second cubital cell narrowed toward apex; first brachial cell completely closed; posterior wing with a very distinct post- nervellus; abdomen about as long as thorax; first tergite smooth, strongly bicarinate on the basal half, the carinae fading out slightly behind the mid- dle; tergites beyond the first entirely smooth and polished; coalesced second and third tergites showing no trace of the suturiform articulation. General color pale reddish testaceous; antennae, apex of mandibles, eyes, ocellar triangle, tegulae, hind tibiae except a broad median band, their tarsi, and the apex of abdomen above, black or blackish; wings hyaline, with veins and stigma black. Type locality. — Trinidad, British West Indies. Type.— Cat. No 22377, U. S. Nat. Mus. Host. — Anastrepha species. Described from three males reared in June, 1917, by F. W. Urich. SCAPHINOTUS (PSEUDONOMARETUS) MANNII N. SP. (COLEOPTERA CARABEDAE). By H. F. WICKHAM. Elongate, not very convex, minutely pubescent, elytral disk distinctly flattened, sutural region impressed. Black, faintly tinged with brown, scarcely shining, minutely alutaceous, beneath piceous. Head very long, the genae slightly more prominent than the eyes which are small and circular, only a little protruding, emargination of labrum very deep, apices of the processes PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. J, OCT., 1919 171 with golden yellow pubescence, supra-antennal ridges strong, parallel behind the antennal insertion but, viewed from above, slightly convergent in front of it. Immediately behind the eyes is a very faint constriction posterior to which the neck gradually becomes a little wider. The vertex shows a few inconspicuous transverse wrinkles but there are no punctures on the head except the setigerous ones. Prothorax impunctate, length, along median line, almost exactly equal to its greatest breadth, narrowly cord form, base slightly narrower than the apex, broadest a little in front of the middle whence the sides are regularly arcuate anteriorly but convergent and nearly straight posteriorly to near the hind angles where they are sinuate, the angles somewhat obtuse and rounded, marginal bead strong but narrow, median impressed line distinct, of nearly uniform depth throughout, anterior transverse impres- sion moderate, basal impressions so indented as to give a bilobed aspect to that part of the pronotal disk. As in allied species, the disk is narrowed be- hind more rapidly than the flanks so that these latter are visible from above on each side near the base. Elytra elongate oval, bluntly pointed behind, the humeri so broadly rounded as to fade gradually into the sides which are gently, hardly visibly, arcuate in median third but rather rapidly narrowed towards the apex. Margin fine but strong, rerlexed, disk with eleven fine and nearly regular striae (the ninth, however, rather confused), these striae finely but not closely nor deeply punctured, the space between the eleventh and the outer margin becoming rugose by confluence of the punctuation and obliteration of the striae. Intervals impunctate except an indistinct series of two or three punctures behind the middle of the fourth and a few similar impressions on the eighth and ninth, these, however, not alike on the two sides. Legs long, front tarsi with three joints dilated and densely papillose beneath, middle tibiae with a brush of moderately long golden pubescence externally, extending over about the apical third. Body beneath impunctate. Two females are similar to the male in form and general characters and with brush of hair on the middle tibiae. In them, thirteen or fourteen striae can be made out rather plainly, but this is true also of a second male, the type specimen being more rugose towards the sides than any of the paratypes. There is also a decided variation in the number and position of the scattered punctiform impressions on the elytral intervals. Length, male type, 17.3 mm.; greatest width 6.3 mm.; Female paratype, length 22 mm.; width 7.75 mm. According to Dr. Roeschke's description of his subgcnus Pseudo- nomaretus [Annales Musei Xationalis Hungarici V. 1907, 117 and 154] there should be a bristle in the prothoracic hind angles as well as the median marginal one on each side. In a later paper [Memoirs on the Coleoptera, V. 1914, 30] Col. Casey re- stricts this name to the group centering in ( 'yclints relictus Horn. In the four specimens of mannii at hand, only the median bristle is visible nor can any puncture be made out in the hind angles PLATE 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL 21 WICKHAM— SCAPHINOTUS MANNII PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., IQIQ 173 which might indicate the position of another seta. The anterior and middle femora bear setigerous punctures as specified by Dr. Roeschke for the subgenus Brennus, but examination shows these punctures present and strong in relictus and regularis while they are absent in some Brennus, for example marginatus, fulleri, fallax and closely allied forms. With this note, I leave the new species in proximity to relictus and regularis, where it would naturally be placed by its facies. It recalls most closely ( . regularis Lee., but is easily distinguished by the much greater relative length of the head, prothorax and elytra, as well as by its longer and more slender legs and antennae. In a female of regularis the prothorax is at least one-fifth wider than long, much more strongly rounded in front of the point of greatest width and more rapidly narrowed behind than in the corresponding sex of mannii. In a male of relictus the combined length of antennal joints 2, 3, 4 and 5 is 4.3 mm., while in the type of mannii they measure 5.3 mm. Type, a male in the United States National Museum. Of the three paratypes, one male is deposited with the type while two females remain in the collection of W. M. Mann. Locality, Wawawai, Wash., March 20, 27 and 28, W. M.Mann; and May 14, C. V. Piper. Messrs. Schwarz and Barber have kindly afforded aid in ad- vice and in use of the facilities of the National Museum while the very characteristic figure is from a drawing made by my friend, Dr. Adam Boving. Three of the specimens were loaned me by the collector, Dr. W. M. Mann, after whom the species is named. NOTES ON SOME JAPANESE APHIDIDAE. BY RYOICHI TAKAHASHI, Forest Experiment Station, Meguro, Tokio. Myzocallis zelkowae, new species. H 'inged viviparous female. Color: General color pale yellow, mesothorax yellow. Eyes pale green. Antennae pale yellow, apices of the third and the following two joints and base of the spur black. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, veins pale brown. Each abdominal segment with a pair of small, round, brown spots. Legs, corni- cles and cauda pale yellow. Morphology: Body rather narrow, without hairs. Antennae slender, not on frontal tubercles, the relative length of the third and the following joints is as follows: 111-33, IV-17, V-17, VI-17(10+7); sensoria on the third joint transversely narrow, twenty-five in number, the fourth joint wanting sensoria. Rostrum reaching the second coxae. Wings narrow, 174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 stigmatic vein obsolete, booklets two. Both the first and second abdom- inal segments with two small tubercles on the dorsum, the tubercles on the second larger; abdominal segments 1 to 4 inclusive, bearing small lateral tubercles. Cornicles very short, broader than long, broadest at the base, not constricted in the middle. Cauda globular. Anal plate bilobed. Legs slender, with short fine hairs, empodial hairs present. Length of body 1.6 mm. Length of antenna 1.2 mm. Length of forewing 1.7 mm. Host — Zelkowa keaki. Locality, Tokio. This interesting aphis is common on the underside of the leaves of Zelkowa keaki and often it is found also on the leaves of cultivated beans. The viviparous females always have wings and as is charac- teristic of the Callipterina they are sporadic in habit and are easily roused, the least disturbance causing them to jump from the hosts. ^ FIG. i — Myzocallis zelkowae — antennal structure. I have not found the sexuales of the species. Described from a number of co-type slides, one sent to the U. S. National Museum and the others retained by the writer. Greenidea kuwanae (Pergande). This aphis is very common on the young shoots of Onerous from May onwards throughout the summer. The stem-mother is apterous and many winged forms, as well as wingless ones, appear in the second and the following generations and the oviparous female which appears in December has wings. I have never collected the male insect. The oviparous females of Aphididae are usually wingless, but I have found that the oviparous females of the following species always have wings: (1) Greenidea kuwanae Pergande. (2) Trichosiphum tenuicorpus Okajima. (3) Cervaphis quercus Takahashi (Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXX, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 175 p. 458). Greenidea and Trichosipkum belong to Trichosiphina, and Cervaphis belongs to Cervaphidina. In Trichosipkum pasaniae Okajima the winged viviparous fe- male is very rare, as in Cervaphis and the sexuales probably have wings. Nippolachnus piri Mats. This aphis is one of the most injurious pests of the pear-tree in Japan, and it is found on the underside of the leaf. Most of the aphids belonging to Lachnina have no alternate hosts and may be found on the branches or stems of trees. But Nippolachnus piri Mats is double-hosted, spending the winter and spring on Eriobotrya japonica and the summer and early fall on the pear-tree. The viviparous females of the second generation and the sex- uparae have wings, but the other females are wingless. The sexuales appear in November and the male has wings. This very interesting aphis somewhat resembles Anoecia, but belongs to Lachnina doubtlessly. Chaitophorinella acerifoliae Takahashi. C. acerifoliae Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXXI, 1919. Closely related C. testudinata Thorn., differing, however, in the following point: The proximal part of the last antennal segment is nearly one half the length of the distal part. This species is common on the leaves of Acer palmatum in spring and often it is found on Acer carpinifolium and Aescnlus sp. The dimorphs margined with many lamellae are produced by the females of the second and the following two or three generations and in summer only the dimorphs may be seen. The stem-mother is wingless, and winged forms appear in the second and the subsequent genera- tions very commonly as in some Chaitophorus . Chaitophorinella koelreuteriae Takahashi. C. koelreuteriae Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXXI, 1919. This species is distinguishable from C. acerfoliae Takah. in the following characters: 1. Body larger. 2. Eyes smaller. 3. Larva (first instar) yellow or yellowish green. 4. Wingless viviparous female yellow or black. Host. — Koelreuteria macroculata . Many dimorphs margined with lamellae are produced by the females of the second and the following generations. I found in 1 76 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 7, OCT., 1919 1917 many wingless viviparous females which do not produce dimorphs at all in August and in September. Winged females appear only in spring. Chaitopjorinella kuwanaii, n. name. Chaifophorus japonica Essig and Kuwana, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., vol. VIII, No. 3, p. 83 (preoccupied by japonica Baker). The host plant is Acer pictum. The stem-mother is wingless and some of the females of the second and third generations and the sexuparae have wings and the other females are wingless. The dimorphs, margined with lamellae, are produced by the females of the second and third generations. In summer the wingless viviparous females can be seen. I have not seen the dimorph described by Dr. Baker. Stomaphis yanonis Takahashi. S. yanonis Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol. XXX, p. 368, 1918. In 5. quercus L. winged females appear three times in a year, but in 5. yanonis Takah. only some individuals of the second generation have wings usually. As is characteristic of Stomaphis the male is apterous and its rostrum is rudimentary. The stem- mother, as well as the male, is without cornicles. Host. — Celtis sinensis. Rhopalosiphum sambucicola Takahashi. R. sambucicola Takah., Zool. Mag. Tokio, vol XXX, p. 372, 1918. This species is closely related to R. magnoliae Essig et Kuw. The species spends the winter and early spring on Sambucus racemosa, but the summer on Dioscorea japonica, Lagerstroemia indica, Celastrus articulatus and Citrus sp. (Actual date of publication October 13, 1919). IV. INSECT' VOL. 21 NOVEMBER 1919 No, 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BUSCK, AUGUST, HUNTER, W. D., AND HEINRICH, CARL— EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN 177 FISHER, W. S. — DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN PTINIDAE, WITH NOTES ON AN INTRODUCED JAPANESE SPECIES MOSIER, C. A. AND SNYDER, T. E.— NOTES ON THE SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF TABANIDAE IN THE LOWER EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA WICKHAM, H. P.— TWO NEW SPECIES OF ASAPHIDION FROM NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) 178 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. PLATE 16 PRCC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 2'. EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 NOVEMBER, 1919 No. 8 EMERSON LISCUM DIVEN. BY AUGUST BUSCK, W. D. HUNTER AND CARL HEINRICH. On August 7, 1919, one of our youngest members, Emerson Liscum Diven, met his death in an aeroplane accident near Eagle Pass, Texas, in the performance of official duty, scouting for cotton areas along the Rio Grande River. For several months the U. S. Department of Agriculture had been using an aero- plane for the purpose of locating and mapping cotton areas in Southern Texas, in the fight against the Pink Bollworm of cotton. The aeroplane had been found extremely useful in locating hid- den fields in regions not otherwise easily surveyed. This work had been undertaken with the cooperation of the Army Aviation Corps and an expert aviator, Lieut. Wm. H. Tillisch, had been detailed a pilot. An extensive survey of the border region along the Rio Grande was under way with Mr. Diven in charge as scout and he had already successfully finished the work from Brownsville as far as Eagle Pass. On starting from Eagle Pass for Del Rio while the machine had reached an altitude of only a hundred feet it fell into a nose dive and both Lieut. Tillisch and Mr. Diven were instantly killed. Young Diven's sudden death cuts short a career of an unusual promise. As a young boy he was interested in insects and from his fifteenth year had been a member of our Society. Those in close contact with him held him in high regard as a man and a student. They were impressed by his keen interest, imagina- tion and the painstaking genuineness of his scientific observa- tions, and had high hopes for his future, which gave every prom- ise of brilliant achievements. He was born at Elmira, N. Y., on April lil, IS() CALENDAR OF SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF TABANIDAE* IN THE LOWER EVERGLADES OF FLORIDA— 1918 TO 1919. Species. "GADFLIES:" Tabanus ameri- canus Forster Tabanus atratus Fabr. Tabanus lugu- bris Macq. Tabanus tur- bidus Wied. Tabanus trijunc- tus Walker Tabanus melan- ocerus Wied. Sex. Locality. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. d" Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 24 mi. southwest of Paradise Key, Fla. Date. Feb. 28, 1919 March 10, 1919 March 12, 1919 March 27, 1919 April 16, 1919 June 9, 1919 9 24 mi. southwest of June 9, 1919 Paradise Key. Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. June 10-30, 1919 9 Paradise Key, Fla. August 15, 1919 August 23, 1919 Sept. 28, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 15)19 August 15, 1919 April y, 1919 April 25, 1 ill* July 13, 1919 March 22, 1919 March 27, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 1919 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 24 mi. southwest of Paradise Key, Fla, 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Collector. C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. C. A. A. Mosier Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier Tabanus lineal a Fabr. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. * Identifications by C. T. Greene, Ass't Custodian of Diptera. I S Xat Museum, based on specimi-ns actually now in this collection. June 9, 1919 C. A. Mosier June 10-30, 1919 C. A. MOSHT July 10-29, 1919 C. A. A I osier August 15, 1919 C. A. Mosier Sept. 9, 1918 C. A. MOSHT Feb. 18, 1919 T. E. Snyder Feb. 20, 1919 C. A. Mosier Feb. 26, 1919 C. A. MosHT 196 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 8, NOV., 1919 Tabanus 5-vit- tatus Wied. Tabanus costalis Wied Tabanus pumi- lus Macq. Tabanus flavus Macq. "DEERFLIES" Chrysops flavi- dus Wied. Chrysops plan- gens Wied. "THE; YELLOW FLY OF THE DISMAL SWAMP" Diac lorus fer- rugatus Fabr. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Feb. 26, 1919 March 27, 1919 April 16, 1919 June 10-30, 1919 July 16-29, 1919 August 15, 1919 Sept. 28, 1919 T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier .C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier 9 Paradise Key, Fla. Feb. 21), 1919 T. E. Snyder 9 Paradise Key, Fla . 9 Homestead, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 West Lake, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 West Lake, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. 9 Paradise Key, Fla. May 22, 1919 C. A. Mosier July 16, 1919 C. A. Mosier Aug. 9-23, 1919 C. A. Mosier Sept. 25-28, 1919 C. A. Mosier Feb. 17, 1919 March 1, 1919 March 22, 1919 March 27, 1919 March 31, 1919 April 7, 1919 June 10-30, 1919 July 10, 1919 Jan. 27, 1919 Feb. 17, 1919 Feb. 22, 1919 Feb. 25, 1919 April 13, 1919 May 22, 1919 July 29, 191 August 15, 1919 Feb. 25, 1919 March 16, 1919 April 13, 1919 Sept. 18, 1918 March 31, 1919 May 22, 1919 C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier T. E. vSnyder T. E. Snyder T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier T. E. Snyder C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier C. A. Mosier (Actual date of publication November 10, 1919.) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 17 PARADISE KEY, ROYAL PALM HAMMOCK, LO\YKR EVERGLADES, FLORIDA. FIGS. 1 and 4. — Royal palm trees (Royslonea regia O. F. Cook), at edge of hammock as seen across sawgrass prairie, overtopping other hammock trees. (Photos by Wilson Popenoe.) FIG. 2. — View of tops of royal palms showing clusters of seed below foliage. (Photo by W. E. Brown. I FIG. 3. — View of royal palms showing clear length and taper of trunks. (Photo by W. E. Brown.) VOL. 21 DECEMBER 1919 No. 9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS MALLOCH, J. R. — THE GENERIC STATUS OF ZODION PALPALIS ROBERTSON (DIPTERA, CONOPIDAE), WITH GENERIC KEY TO THE FAMILY 204 MORRISON, HAROLD — A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COCCID FROM LORANTHUS (HEM.-HOM.) 197 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1919. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President E. R. SASSCER First Vice- President W. R. WALTON Second Vice- President A. B. GAHAN Recording Secretary i R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Representing the Society as a V ice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. THE OFFICERS. A. N. CAUDELL. A. L. QUAINTANCE. CHAS. R. ELY. PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Advertising rates on application to the Corresponding Secretary. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be entitled to 25 separates of each contribution, free of charge, provided the Editor is notified before page proof is returned. Additional copies may be had at rates fixed by the Society. Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and suggestions governing the make-up of articles published. Con- tributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 21 DECEMBER, 1919 No. 9 A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COCCID FROM LORANTHUS (HEM.-HOM.). BY HAROLD MORRISON, V. S. Bureau of Entomology. From available literature and records, it appears that forty- four species of the family Coccidae have already been recorded from Loranthus,1 and it is therefore of some interest to publish the addition of not only a new species, but a new genus of this family as an inhabitant of this host plant. The species in ques- tion was collected by the writer, in company with Mr. G. E- Bodkin, Government Economic Biologist of British Guiana, in the Botanic Gardens at Georgetown, British Guiana, in Sep- tember, 1918, and Mr. Bodkin kindly furnished the name for the host plant. A considerable quantity of leaves of the host was obtained, but not gone over until some months later, at which time, through the careful work of Miss Sadie Keen, an employee of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, in picking out and mount- ing the different species, it was possible to identify the following list of species as occurring on the host material in addition to the new species described below: Orthezia praelonga Dougl., Pro- topulmnaria pyriformis (Ckll.), Coccus acuminatus (Sign.), Coccus elongatus (Sign.), Coccus mangiferae (Green), Coccus viridis (Green). Saissetia hemisphaerica (Targ.), Saissetia nigra (Nient.), Saissetia oleae (Bern.), Pseudaonidia articulatus (Morg.). All of these species were common elsewhere in the garden, and all are well known to infest a wide range of host plants. The writer is indebted to Emily Morrison for the drawings accompanying this paper and for other assistance in its prepara- tion. 1 It seems probable that most of the Coccid records from "Loranthus" should be considered as records for the family Loranthaceae, since for example, while many of the records are for new world species of both plants and in- sects, according to Engler (Die Natnrlichen Pnanzenfamilien, etc., Pt. 3, Sec. i, 1889, pp. 156-198), the genus Lnnnithns is confined to the old world with very a few exceptions. IQ7 198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 Macrocepicoccus, n. gen. Pseudococcine forms with at least a posterior pair of dorsal ostioles, adult female with antennae 9-segmented, very elongate, slender, nearly as long as body, terminal segment shortest; legs correspondingly elongate, tarsal claw nearly straight, without denticle; anal ring with six setae and two rows of pores; cerarii typically with two stout spines closely surrounded by a single continuous row of heavily chitinized trilocular pores, these surrounded in turn by a scattered circle of short tubular ducts; some of the anterior cerarii much reduced, with only the tubular ducts remaining; with only multicular disk pores, both dorsally and ventrally, in addition to the gland types already mentioned; anal lobes small, with short apical hair and without ventral chitinous thickening. Type of genus. — Macrocepicoccus loranthi, n. sp. The characters of this genus are such that it is not possible to place it accurately in the existing schemes of classification for the Pseudococcine coccids, but for the present it can probably be considered as being more closely related to the genus Pseudococ- cus than to any other. Macrocepicoccus loranthi, n. sp. Adult Female. — -Occurring normally on the under sides of the leaves of the host, usually in numbers; maximum length of living specimens about 2 mm., width less than 1 mm., elongate, rather slender, broadest at the base of the abdomen, highest at the same point, moderately convex dorsally, very pale yellowish with a faint greenish tinge; body dorsally with faint traces of white mealy secretion, this most pronounced just inside the body margin and again in a submedian band on each side, thus forming two very vague and indistinct longitudinal stripes; also dorsally with scattered very delicate glassy threads, these most conspicuous along the margins where they fre- quently project as far beyond the body as do the femora or even farther, and where they are grouped into a series of clusters, each surrounding a single one of the most conspicuous features of the insect, long, slender cylin- drical white wax threads, which project forward, laterally and caudally from the margin, normally to the number of ten on each side of the body, and which in mature undisturbed examples may reach a length of one and a half or more times that of the body of the insect, although usually irregularly broken off, so that only rarely are any two the same length; with an addi- tional pair of stout, much shorter wax plates projecting from the anal region ; insect in the dried state retaining much the same outline as when living, although becoming much flattened and dull brown in color. Body of Female. — -Maximum length mounted on a slide about 2 mm., max- imum width less than 1 mm. ; elongate, rather slender, broadest in the region of the anterior abdominal segments; antennae very elongate, slender, linear, 9-segmented, the first and last segments shortest, the first about twice the .diameter of any of the others, with a fairly large circular pore at the apex PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 199 of the second segment and a long blunt curved spine at the apices of each of the last three segments, the measurements of the segments in microns as follows: I. n. in. IV. V. VI. VII. vm. IX. 71 1 107 139.2 159 246 200 168 107 68 71.4 103. 5 146 5 168 271.3 214 168 103.5 ill i' 75 100 133 168 232 21 H I 171 .5 93 68 71 4 107 146.5 154 2 7:> 193 171.5 107 71 .4 7.-. 107 143 160.6 264 218 168 107 68 71.4 96.4 143 139.2 218 196.3 160.6 100 57 71 4 96.4 143 138.5 228.5 189.2 160.6 96.3 l>l 2 71 4 96.4 1 :,( 1 168 221.3 185.6 160.6 103.5 68 71 .4 93 139.2 1 43 200 150 135.6 71 .4 60 n legs long and slender, the fore pair a little shorter than the other two, an average length of a middle leg as follows: coxa, 78.5yu; trochanter (maximum), 82 ,u, fe- mur (maximum), 385.11; ibia (maximum), 410/*; tarsus (not including chuv . 153/n; claw, 53 ju; tarsal digitule, 68 ,u; claw digitule, 43 n; claw elongate, slender, straight with a slight curve near the apex, without denticle, all digitules very- slender, hair-like, slightly knobbed at apices; all trochanters with the usual dor- sal and ventral pairs of oval pores, or four altogether on each; hind coxae with- out pores, submentum triangular, acute at apex, appearing very obscurely 3-seg- mented ; dorsal ostioles very obscure, only the posterior pair noted ; cerarii of an unusual type, consisting normally of a pair of spines (varying from one to three) surrounded by a solid continuous band of heavily chitinized trilocular pores with confluent outer borders forming a continuous chitinized rim around the whole, and the posterior cerarii, at least, with an indistinct chit- inized area around each cerarius, the anal lobe cerarii each with a small hair in its rim on the inner side, this not noted on any of the others except the anterior pair each of which bears from one to four such hairs; with an approximately circular group of short tubular ducts, each with a chitinized plate surrounding the opening, around each cerarius; in addition to these clusters of short tubular ducts surrounding the typical cerarii, with other clusters on the anterior body margins in which the cerarius is missing or is represented only by a single spine; assuming these clusters of tubular ducts to stand for more or less developed cerarii, then with normally a total of fourteen pairs, the arrangement of these in ten specimens being tabulated below (the numerals and signs with the following significance : the first numeral giving the number of spines present, connecting symbol indicating the presence or absence of a number of trilocular pores around the spines, the final numeral indicating the number of hairs in the cerarius border, thus 3 + 1 = three conical spines, numerous trilocular pores and one hair in the border of the cerarius; an * indicating the presence of a single trilocular pore; ** indicating the presence of two such pores): 200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1910 SPECIMEN. CERARIUS. i. II. in. IV. V. VI. VII. 1 right 3 + 1 1 -0 1 + o 0 -0 1+0 1 -0 1 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1 — 0 1+0 1 -0 2 right 2 + 2 1 -0 1 + 0 1 - 0 0 — 0 1+0 1 -0 2 left 3 + 3 0 -0 1 + 0 *1 -0 1 --0 1+0 *1 -0 3 right 3 + 1 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 -- 0 1+0 **1 -0 3 left 3 + 3 1 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 **1 -0 (a) 4 right 3 + ? 1 -0 *1 + o 1 -0 1—0 1 --0 p (a) 4 left 3 + 1 1 -0 *1 + o 1 -0 ? 1+0 1 -0 5 right 3 + ? 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 — 0 1+0 *1 -0 5 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1--0 1+0 1 -0 6 right 3 + 1 0 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1 — 0 1+0 1 -0 6 left 3 + 3 0 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 -0 7 right 3 + 3 0 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 Q 7 left 3 + 2 0 -0 1 + o 1 - 0 0 — 0 1+0 1 -0 8 right 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 -0 8 left 3 + 1 1 - 0 1 + 0 1 -0 1—0 1+0 1 -0 (a) 9 right 3 •+2 0 -0 1 + o 1 -0 1 --0 1+0 1 + o (a) 9 left 3 + 2 0 -0 1 + o 1 - 0 0 — 0 1+0 1 -0 10 right 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1—0 1+0 1 -0 10 left 3 + 2 1 -0 1 + 0 1 -0 1 — 0 1+0 *1 -0 SPECIMEN. CERARIUS. VIII . IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. 1 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 1 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 2 right 1 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 2 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2 + 0 2 + 9 2 + 1 3 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 0 3 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 (a) 4 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + ? (a) 4 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + ? 5 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 5 left 1 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 1+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 6 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 0 6 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 7 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 1 4 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 8 right 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 (a) These specimens adult females still enclosed within the preceding stage, so that all cerarii appear double and the presence or absence of marginal hairs, glands, etc., is difficult to determine with accuracy. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 201 8 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 1 (a) 9 right 2+0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2 + 0 2 + 1 (a) 9 left 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2+0 2 + 1 10 right 2+0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 0 2 + 1 10 left 2+0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2+0 2 + 1 anal lobes not at all produced, without chitinization other than that sur- rounding the cerarius, ventrally with one small hair about 71 u long and raesad and cephalad of this with another still smaller, about 30 ;c long; ventral body margins of the other abdominal segments with a similar arrangement, but the hairs much less differentiated in size; anal ring circular or broad oval, stout, with 6 setae, the longest about 107^, placed on a ridge-like thickening of the center of each half of the ring, with an inner and outer row of pores, and with the posterior chitinized portion of the intestine showing in the center of the ring; in addition to the ducts surrounding the cerarii, dorsally and ventrally with fairly numerous scattered circular disk-shaped gland ducts, submarginally with some of the short tubular type, smaller than those surrounding the cerarii, and in the thoracic, and to some extent in the abdominal regions with a few scattered trilocular pores similar to those found in the cerarii; with an occasional long, very slender hair on the body both dorsally and ventrally; with a medium-sized, irregularly circular to oval cicatrix placed medially a little behind the posterior legs on the ventral surface of the abdomen. Young Larva. — -No specimens definitely recognizable as first stage larvae have been examined. Embryonic larvae are present in the bodies of some of the mounted adults, but it has not been possible to make out details of structure satisfactorily from them. Male Larva. — About 1 mm. or a little less long, elongate, rather slender, sides of abdomen nearly parallel, but tapering and rounded posteriorly, broadest at the meso- and metathoracic segments, which distinctly bulge outward on each side, the body anterior to this tapering to a rounded point at the head; very pale, slightly greenish yellow, with a tinge of reddish or brownish on the anterior half; antennae and legs whitish, the former about three-fifths the length of the body; body, at least dorsally, with a slight coating of very delicate more or less matted glassy secretion threads. (Notes from living specimen.) Male Pupa. — Broader and somewhat smaller than larva, bright pinkish in color. Adult Male. — -About 0.82 mm. long, wing about 0.84 mm. long; antennae 10-segmented, the measurements as follows: I, about 43/t; II, 46^:111, 57 /u; IV, 75/z; V, "OM, VI, 96/i; VII, 107^; VIII, 9(>M; IX, 84^; X, 46M; with some hairs on the segments, but with numerous stout peg-like spines, with bluntly rounded tips; with four hemispherical ocelli; legs long and slender, claw and digitules as in the female, the other segments with fairly numerous short 202 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 hairs and stout peg-like spines; abdominal structure not determinable from the single specimen at hand. This species has been described mostly from ten specimens mounted on slides. The color and other notes relating to the external appearance of the different stages have been made from living specimens in the field. The material was collected by the writer on Loranthus sp., a parasitic plant related to mistletoe, growing in this case on soursop (Anona muricatd) in the experi- mental orchard of the Department of Science and Agriculture Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, British Guiana, in September, 1918. The types are in the United States National Collection of Coccidae. It may be of some interest to note that only this single colony of the species was observed, although a number of parasitic plants were examined in various parts of the gardens. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Antenna of adult female, X68. Fig. 2. Multilocular disk gland openings found on both dorsum and venter of body, X512. Fig. 3. Middle leg of adult female, X80. Fig. 4. Trilocular pores found on body, the larger to the right from a cer- arius, the smaller from the dorsum of the body, X512. Fig. 5. Wing of the male, X46. Fig. 6. Antenna of male, X92. Fig. 7. Leg of male, X92. Fig. 8. Short tubular ducts of body, those to the right from the group sur- rounding each cerarius, that to the left from the dorsum of the body, X512. Fig. 9. Outline of body of adult female, showing size and relation of ap- pendages, anal ring, number and position of cerarii, spiracles and ventral median cicatrix, X40. Fig. 10. Antepenultimate cerarius, showing number and arrangement of the spines, trilocular pores and short tubular ducts and the character and extent of the chitinization, X512. Fig. 11 . Anterior apex of body of adult female, showing position and arrange- ment of cerarii, hairs and glands, dorsum to the right, venter to the left, XI 32. Fig. 12. Posterior apex of abdomen of adult female, showing position and arrangement of cerarii, pores and glands, hairs and anal ring, dorsum to the right, venter to the left, X132. . PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21 PLATE 18 n MORRISON— MACROCBPICOCCUS LORANTHI 204 PROC. E)NT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 THE GENERIC STATUS OF ZODION PALPALIS ROBERTSON (DIPTERA, CONOPIDAE), W^TH GENERIC KEY TO THE FAMILY. J. R. MALLOCH, Urbana, III. While visiting Mr. Charles Robertson in 1918 I obtained from him a specimen of his species Zodion palpalis in order to ascertain if it really belonged to the genus in which he had described it, some doubt having been expressed on that point by one of Mr. Robertson's correspondents. The species undoubtedly runs out to Zodion when one uses Williston's key to the genera, but there are some characters which ally it closely with Occemyia as well as those which indicate its affinities with Zodion. In fact, the species possesses some of the characters of both genera and the only course possible to me is to erect for the reception of the species a new genus which is accordingly done in this paper. I give a synoptic key to the genera occurring north of Mexico, as the most efficient method of expressing the relations and dis- tinctions of this and other genera. Many of the characters used in the key are used here for the first time. Key to Genera. 1. Pteropleura with a long bristle; vertex, lateral margins of dorsum of thorax, and scutellum with a few long strong bristles; anal cell very small (Stylogastrinae) Stylogaster Macquart Pteropleura unarmed; vertex, lateral margins of drosum of thorax, and scutellum without bristles, or with a few which are but little differen- tiated from the surrounding hairs; anal cell large 2 2. Third antennal joint with a 3-jointed style at apex; abdomen con- stricted basally, the second ?nd usually the third segments longer than broad; subcosta and first branch of radius connected by a cross-vein; halteres with some short hairs at base of knobs on outer side (Conopinae) 3 Third antennal joint with a dorsal arista ; abdomen not noticeably con- stricted basally, the second and third segments each broader than long (Myopinae) .... 4 3. Propleura with a bristle on lower margin; posterior metathoracic area below base of abdomen and extending between hind coxae not uni- formly chitinized, the small portion projecting from between coxae separated from the broad upper portion by a much less heavily chit- inized area; hind femora regu'arly thickened, the thickest part ;il middle Conors Liniu Propleura bare; posterior metathoracic area below base of abdomen uniformly heavily chitinized; femora irregularly thickened on basal half I'liysuccplniln Sehiner PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 21, NO. 9, DEC., 1919 205 4. A cross-vein connecting subcosta and first branch of radius; proboscis not geniculated at middle 5 No cross- vein connecting subcosta and first branch of radius; these veins sometimes slightly fused at apices; proboscis geniculated at or near middle as well as at base 6 5. Femora without short thorns on apical half of antero- and postero-ven- tral surfaces; first posterior cell open, or closed at extreme apex; palpi very small, not longer than diameter of proboscis at their bases Zodion Latreille Femora with some short thorns on apical half of antero- and postero- ventral surfaces; first posterior cell long-stalked; palpi long, about 3 times as long as diameter of proboscis at their bases Robertsonomyia gen. n. 6. Femora without short thorns on apical half of antero- and postero-ven- tral surfaces; anal cell short, basal section of fifth vein not longer than apical Dalmannia Robineau-Desvoidy Femora with short thorns on apica! half of antero- and postero-ventral surfaces; anal cell elongate, basal portion of fifth vein much longer than apical 7 7. Hind coxae bare on their inner posterior margin; cheek as high or al- most as high as eye Myopa Fabricius Hind coxae with some hairs on inner posterior margin; cheek not nearly as high as eye Occemyia Robineau-Desvoidy Robertsonomyia, gen. n. The relationships and distinguishing characters of this genus are given in the synopsis. The genus is undoubtedly closely allied to Zodion but possesses many of the characters of Occemyia . Genotype. — Zodion palpalis Robertson. The type and only species of this genus has been recorded only from Illinois by Mr. Charles Robertson, in whose honor the genus is named. ( . 1 final date 'af publication f)cce.»iher 8, 1 '. M ' i INDEX TO VOLUME XXI Acmaeoderini, Key to North American genera, 91. Agrilus angelicus, Description of three para- sites of, 4. Akermes bruneri, 82. Alcidinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 31. ALDRICH, J. M.: Two new genera of Antho- myidae, 106. Ambopogon, new gen., 126; hyperboreus, n. sp., 127. Amerininae, new name, 32. Anacampsis Curtis and Compsolechis Mey- rick, 95. Anthomyidae, Two new genera of, 106. Apanteles iselyi, n. sp., 120. Aphididae, Notes on some Japanese, 173. Aproaerema Durrant and Stomopteryx Heine- mann, 96. Apterolophus, new gen., 3; pulchricornis, n. sp., 3. Aristotelia fragariae, n. sp., 52. Asaphidon, Two new species of, from North America, 178; alaskanum, n. sp., 178; yukonense, n. sp., 180. Aspidiotes hederae, 86. Asterolecanium viridulum, 66. Atopognathus, new gen., 116; collaris, n. sp., 117. Avocado, A Microlepidopteron injurious to, 53; Seed weevils, 53. BAKER, A. C.: Identity of Smynthurodes betae Westwood, 36; An undescribed spe- cies of Dryopea injuiious to Phyllostachys, 104. Bank Swallows' nests, Insect fauna of, 110. BARBER, H. S.: Avocado Seed weevils, 53. Bibliography of Frederick Knab, 41; of Allan H. Jennings, 63. Birchippia americana, 67. Body Lice, Studies on dry cleaning process as means of destroying, 8. BOVING, ADAM G., W. DWIGHT PIERCE AND AUGUST BUSCK: Obituary of Allan Hinson Jennings, 61. Bucculatrix, A new species of, injurious to Hollyhock, 109; althaeae, n. sp., 109. BURKE, H. E.: Notes on a cocoon making Colydiid, 123; Notes on the California Oak worm, Phrygandia californica, 124. BUSCK, AUGUST: Two Microlepidoptera in- jurious to strawberry, 52; On some gen- eric Synonomy of the family Gelechiidae, 94; A new species of Bucculatrix injurious to Hollyhock, 109; A Microlepidopteron injurious to Avocado, 125. BUSCK, AUGUST, A. N. CAUDELL AND L. O. HOWARD: Obituary of Frederick Knab, 41. BUSCK, AUGUST, ADAM G. BOVING AND W. DWIGHT PIERCE: Obituary of Captain Allan Hinson Jennings, 61. BUSCK, AUGUST, W. D. HUNTER AND CARL HEINRICH: Obituary of Emerson Liscum Diven, 177. Calendra Clairville to replace Sphenophorus Schonherr, 26. California Oak worm, Notes on, 124. CAUDELL, A. N.: Palmodes praestans and its prey, 40. CAUDELL, A. N., A. BUSCK AND L. O. HOW- ARD: Obituary of Frederick Knab, 41. Cerambycidae, New genus and species of, from Colorado, 38. Ceroplastes bruneri, 76; deciduosus, n. sp., 79; grandis, 77; lucidus, 78; misiones, n. sp., 81; novaesi, 78; subrotundus, 78. Chaitophorinella acerifoliae, 175; koelreu- teriae, 175; kuwanaii nom. nov., 176. Chalcid-wasp, A new genus of, belonging to the family Eulophidae, 2. "Chalastogastrous" Hymenoptera, Genitalia and terminal abdominal structures of males, and terminal structures of larvae, 129. Cionidae, new family of Curculionoidae, 24. Cleopomiarus, new subgenus of Miarus, 34; Table of North American species, 34. Coccidae from Argentina, Report on a col- lection of, with descriptions of apparently new species, 63; A new genus and species of, from Loranthus, 197; Species found on Loranthus in the Botanic Gardens, George- town, British Guiana, 197. Coelosternus, 25. COLCORD, MABEL: Bibliography of Frederick Knab, 43. Colydiid, Notes on u cocoon making, 123. Compsolechia Meyrick, and Anacampsis Cur- tis, 95. Conopidae, Generic Key of, 204. Conotrachelus perseae, n. sp., 56; serpen- tinus, 56. Cossonidae, a family of Curculionoidea, 26. CRAMPTON, G. C.: The genitalia and ter- minal abdominal structures of males, and 2O6 INDEX 20? the terminal abdominal structures of the larva of "Chalastogastrous" Hymenop- tera, 129. Cryptorhynchidius, a family of Curculion oidea, 25. Cryptorhynchidius, nom. nov., 25. Curculionoidea, Contributions to our Knowl- edge of the superfamily, 21; Synopsis of the classification, 22. Curculionoidae, the family of, 24. CUSHMAN, R. A.: New genera and species of Ichneumon flies, 112. Cynipoid, Description of a new, from Trin- idad, 156. Cyrtobasis rogae, n. sp., 115. Dendrocerus, A new species of the Serph- idoid genus, 121; conwentziae, n. sp., 122; var. rufus, n. var., 123. Derelominae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 32. Deretaphrus oregonensis, 123. Derocentrus, new gen., 113; gracilipes, 114; texanus, 114. Dexia analis, 20; flavipennis, 20. Diglyphosema anastrophae, n. sp., 156. Dinotus agrili, n. sp., 6. DIVEN, EMERSON LISCUM, Obituary of, 177. Doryctes maculipennis, n. sp., 7. Drepanoglossa lucens, 20; occidentalis, 20. Dryopea, An undescribed species of, injur- ious to Phyllostachys, 104; morrisoni, n. sp., 105. Eccoptinae, new subfamily of Orbitidae, 22. Elatotrypes, new gen., 38; hoferi, n. sp., 39. Enderinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 37. Epipedinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 33. Epigrimyia, 20. Eriococcus, Table of South American species, 68; braziliensis, 73; jorgenseni, n. sp., 73; leguminicola, n. sp., 71; mendozae, n. sp., 69. Erium, Note on the genus, 74; armatum, 75. FISHER, W. S.: Note on Macrobasis murina Leconte, 1; New genus and species of Cer- ambycidae from Colorado, 38; Descrip- tion of a new genus and species of Bupres- tidae from Arizona, 88; Descriptions of new North American Ptinidae, with notes on an introduced Japanese species, 181. Forda betae, 38. Gadflies in the lower Everglades of Florida during 1918 and 1919, 186. GAHAN, A. B.: A new genus of Chalcid-wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae, 2; A new species of the Serphidoid genus Den- drocerus, 121; Descriptions of seven new species, of Opius, 161. GREENE, CHARLES J.: A new genus in Scato- phagidae, 126. Greenidea kuwanae, 174. Gymnetron, 27; Table of subgenera, 28. Haplonychinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 31. Heilipus lauri, 53; pittieri, n. sp., 54, 55. HEINRICH, CARL, AUGUST BUSCK AND W. D . HUNTER: Obituary of Emerson Liscum Diven, 177. HERBERT, FRANK B.: A new species of Mat- sucoccus from pines in California, 157. HOWARD, L. O., A. BUSCK AND A. N. CAU- DELL: Obituary of Frederick Knab, 41. HUNTER, W. D., CARL HEINRICH AND AU- GUST BUSCK: Obituary of Emerson Liscum Diven, 177. HUTCHINSON, R. H., AND W. D. PIERCE: Studies on the dry cleaning process as means of destroying body lice, 8. Hymenoptera, "Chalastogastrous," Struc- tures of male genitalia and terminal abdom- inal segments, and terminal abdominal segments of larvae, 129. Hyperidae, a family of Curculionoidea, 24. Hyposoter fugitivus, var. pacificus, n. var., 119. Icerya minima, n. sp., 64. Ichneumon flies, New genera and species of, 112. Insect fauna of Bank Swallows' nests in Vir- ginia, 110. •Isorhynchinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 32. JENNINGS, CAPTAIN ALLAN HINSON: Obituary of, 61; Bibliography of, 63. KNAB, FREDERICK, Obituary of, 41; Bibliog- raphy of, 43. Labrossyta ruficoxalis, n. sp., 118. Laemosaccinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 31. Leskiine Synonymy, Note on, 20. Liparidae, new family of Curculionoidea, 23. Macrobasis murina, Note on, 1; unicolor, 1. Macrocepicoccus, new gen., 198; loranthi, n. sp., 198. MALLOCH, J. R.: The generic status of Zo- dion palpalis Robertson, with generic key to the Conopidae, 204. Matsucoccus, A new species of, from pines in California, 157; fasciculensis, n. sp., 157. Mecinini, Studies of the tribe, 26, 27. 208 INDEX Menemachinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 31. Metatypinae, new subfamily of Orobitidae, 32. Miarinae, new subfamily of Orobitidae, 30. Studies of North American, 33. Miarus, Table of subgenera, 34; Table of North American species, 34. Microglotta sp., found in birds' nests, 111. Microlepidoptera injurious to strawberry, 52; injurious to avocado, 125. MORRISON, HAROLD: Report on a Collection of Coccidae from Argentina, with description of apparently new species, 63; A new genus and species of Coccid from Loranthus, 197. MOSIER, C. A., AND T. E. SNYDER: Notes on the seasonal activity of Tabanidae in the lower Everglades of Florida, 186. Myobia depile, 20; gilensis, 20; thecata, 20. Myzocallis zelkowae, n. sp., 173. Neohedobia, new gen., 183; texana, n. sp., 183. Nerthopinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 31. Nippolachnus piri, 175. Obituaries: Frederick Knab, 41; Allan Hin- son Jennings, 61; Emerson Liscum Diven, 177. Opius, Description of seven new species, 161; cereus, n. sp., 169; cupidus, n. sp., 162; downesi, n. sp., 164; lectus, n. sp., 167; richmondi, n. sp., 165; trinidadensis, n. sp., 168; turned, n. sp., 163. Orchestinae, Table of tribes, 26. Orobitidae, a family of Curculionoidea, 27; Synopsis of classification, 29; Table of sub- families, 29. Orobitinae, a subfamilj- of Orobitidae, 32. Pagiocerus rimosus, 59. Palmodes praestans and its prey, 40. Paratyudaris, new gen., 92; coursetiae, n. sp., 93. Pectinophora Busck, and Platyedra Mey- rick, 94. Pediculus humanus, var. corpoiis. Studies on dry cleaning process as a means of destroy- ing, 8. Pemphigus betae, :!7. Pergandia, new gen., 10H; apivoni. n. sp., 106. Phryganidia calif ornica, 124. PIERCE, W. DWIOHT: Contributions to our knowledge of the- weevils of I In- :^uper- lamily Curculionoidea, 21. PIERCE. W. DWIGHT, AND R. If. HUTCHISO Studies on the dry cleaning process as a moans of destroying boilv lirr. S. PIERCE, W. DWIGHT, AUGUST BUSCK AND ADAM G. BOVING: Obituary of Captain Allen Hinson Jennings, 61. Platyedra Meyrick, and Pectinophora Busck, 94. Psaliduridae, a family of Curculionoidea, 23. Psallidiidae, a family of Curculionoidea, 23. Pseudamycterus, nom. nov., 23. Pseudokermes nitens, 82. Pseudonomaretus manni, n. sp., 170. Ptilineurus marmoratas Reitter, Notes on, 185. Ptinidae, Descriptions of new North Ameri- can, with notes on an introduced Japanese species, 181. Ptinobius, Key to species, 4; agrili, n. sp., 5; californicus, 4; magnificus, 4; texanus, 4. Ptinus barberi, n. sp., 182; mitchelli. n. sp., 181. Pyropinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 33. Rhinusa, Table of North American species, 28; antirrhini, 28; plagiellum, 29; subro- tundatum, 29; teter, 29. Rhopalosiphum sambucicola, 176. Rhynchophoridae, a family of Curculionoidea, 25. Rhyncolus lauri, 58. Robertsonomyia, new gen., 205; palpalis, 204, 205. ROHWER, S. A.: Descriptions of three para- sites of Agrilus angelicus, 4; Description of a new Cynipoid from Trinidad, 156. Saissetia argentina, n. sp., 83; oleae, 83; silvestri, 83. Sarcophagidae, A new genus in, 126. Sawflies, see "Chalastogastrous' Hymenop- tera. 129. Scaphinotus (Pseudonomaretus) manni, n. sp., 170. Scatophagidae, a new gen. of, 12li. SHANNON, R. C., AND T. E. SNYDER: Notes on the insect fauna in Bank Swallows' nests in Virginia, 110. Siphoclytia, 20. Sitophilus Schonherr, to replace Calandra Auct., 20. Smynthurodes betae Westwood, Identity of, 36. SNYDER. T. E: Some significant structural modifications in nearctic Termites, !»7 SNYDER, T. E., AND R. C. SHANNON: Notes on the insect fauna of Hank Swallows' i in Virginia, 110. Sphcnouivia. new gen., KIS; kiiu-aidi, 11 INDEX 209 Stenoma catenifer, 125. Stomaphis yanonis, 176 Stomopteryx Heinemann, and Aproaerema Durrant, 96. Strawberry, Two Microlepidoptera injurious to, 52. Tabanidae in the lower Everglades of Florida, Seasonal activity of, 186, 195. Tachardia lycii, 75. Tachypus elongatus, 178. TAKAHASHI, RYOICHI: Notes on some Jap- anese Aphididae, 173. Termites, Some significant modifications in nearctic, 97; Modified prothoracic tibiae of workers, 97; Sense organs, 99; Swarm- ing, 100; Wing venation, 101; Mobility of the reproductive forms, 101; Apterous re- productive forms, 102; Soldiers with wing pads possibly fertile, 102; Absence of sol- dier caste, 103; The frontal gland, 103. Tortricodes fragariana, n. sp., 52. TOWNSEND, CHARLES H. T.: Notes of Les- kiine synonymy, 20. Trichodesma pratti, n. sp., 194. Trioza koebelei, 59; magnoliae, 59. Trypetidinae, new subfamily name, 33. Tyndaris, Notes on the genus, 92. Ulomascinae, a subfamily of Orobitidae, 33 . Weevil larvae and pupae. Importance of their structural and biological characters in taxonomy, 21. Weevils in Avocado seeds, 53. WICKHAM, H. F. : Scaphinotus (Pseudonomare- tus) mannii, n. sp., 170; Two new species of Asaphidion from North America, 178. VOL. 22 JANUARY 1920 No. 1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON » r- CONTENTS o 1920 V _ • CRAIGHEAD, ¥. C. — BIOLOGY OF SOME COLEOPTERA OF THE FAMILIES COLYDIIDAE AND BOTHRIDERIDAE ............................... 1 MCATEE, W. L., AND BANKS, NATHAN — DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DIPTERA : ASILIDAE .................................................. 13 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3.- 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice-President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 i oo copies i. 60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 JANUARY, 1920 No. 1 BIOLOGY OF SOME COLEOPTERA OF THE FAMILIES COLYDIIDAE AND BOTHRIDERIDAE. Bv F. C. CRAIGHEAD, V. S. Bureau of Entomology. Several species of the family Colydiidae which show very dif- ferent larval structures and habits have been reared by the writer. These forms were grouped by the older systematists in the family Colydiidae which included the Bothrideridae, but the latter have since been separated as a distinct family. An anal- ysis of the available larvae substantiates the erection of the forms allied to Bothrideres to family rank. In fact, the two types, as represented by the last named genus and Aulonium have very few fundamental characters in common. The material here de- scribed is from the U. S. National Museum and Forest Insects Collections. The larvae of some of the European species1 of these families have been described but none of the North American forms. In fact, several records of food habits constitute the entire pub- 1 Aulonium trisulcum Geoffr. Westwood-Trans. Ento. Soc. London, 1839. Aulonium ruficorne Oliv. (A. bicolor Herbst). Perris-Insectes du Pin Maritime, 1853. Aglenus brunneus Gyll. Rey-Ann. Soc. Linn., 1887. Cerylon histeroides F. Erichson-Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutch- lands-Erste Altheilung, Coleoptera, Berlin, 1848. Colobicus margitiatus Latr. Perris-Larves des Coleopteres. 1877. Colydium filiforme F. Ratzeburg-DieForstinsecten. 1837. Ditoma crenata Fabr. Perris-Insectes du Pin Maritime, 1853. Synchitahumeralisf (Ditoma juglandisf.). Nordlinger-Stettin. Ento. Zeit. p. 256, Vol. 9, 1848. Endophloeus markovichiana Pill. (sf>i>iulosns Latr.). Perris — -Larves Coleopteres, 1877. Langelandia anopthahtui Aubc. Perris — Larves des Coloepteres, LS77. Orthocircus clavicornips (nuiticus) L. Rupcrtsberger — Verhdl. Zoo. Bot. Ges. Wien. p. 7-28, 1872. Synchitodes crenatus Herbst. Perris — Insectes du Pin Maritime, is.".:;. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920. lished data on our fauna. Drury (1878)1 published a brief note on two species of Bothrideridae, Bothrideres geminatus Say. and Erotybothris exaratus Melsh., stating that they spin cocoons. Stebbing (1914) 2 likewise calls attention to this fact (on an Indian species) and states that the larvae are predaceous. The described European species all belong to the Colydiidae. In several cases it is noted that the larvae are predaceous but all species here described and reared are purely feeders on de- caying vegetable matter. It is possible that the genus Colydiuvn may be predaceous basing the supposition on the habits of the adult. COLYDIIDAE. In the family Colydiidae the genera Auloniwn, Ditorna, Phloe- onemus, N ematidium and Synchita have been studied. They may be characterized as follows: Elongate, cylindrical to subcylindrical; legs well developed, five jointed coxae conical, well separated, tarsi claw-like (no tarsal claws) ; head extended from prothorax, nearly hypognathous, labrum well defined, mouth parts deeply retracted; hypopharynx, which is lightly chitinized, strongly con- nected by arm of hypostoma; inner side of stipes free to near base; cardo transverse, obliquely articulating with stipes; maxillary sclerite large, cushioned; gula well defined, forming a strong support between ventral epi- cranial halves; mandibles having well developed molar part, bidentate at apex and no retinaculum ; antennae contiguous to mouth frame, three-jointed (except Nematidium) with supplementary joint; pre and posthypopleural chitinization of thorax very narrow; presternum of prothorax large, subtri- angular; presternal fold of meso- and meta thorax well defined; cerci of two rigid recurved spines, usually with a sac-like depression between; tenth seg- ment wart-like, ventral; spiracles bifore, mesothoracic on presternal ring. TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE COLYDIIDAE.3 The larvae of the Colydiidae must be regarded as belonging to the so-called Heteromerous series. In fact, it is difficult to find characters that will separate them from certain of these families. The retraction and structure of the mouth parts is common to a large series of families beginning with the Cucujidae and Cryptophagidae. It appears in the Mycetophagidae, By- turidae and all the Heteromerous families except the Mordellidae, 1 Drury, Charles. Canadian Ento. Vol X, p. 210, 187s. 2 Indian Forest Insects. London, 1914— E. P. Stebbing, p. 334. 3 The following taxonomic discussion is based on a joint study of the characterization of Coleopterous larvae undertaken by A. G. Boving and F. C. Craighead. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. I, JAN., IQ2O Meloidae and Rhipiceridae. These mouth parts are character- ized by the deep retraction, the large maxillary sclerite and the greater portion of stipes being free, i. e., the inner margin is free from both mentum and maxillary sclerite to near base. This allows considerable lateral and forward movement of the max- illae. However, the graduation through larval characters from so-called Clavicorn forms to Heteromerous types is so gradual that the recognition of the latter series cannot be substantiated by the larvae. Many of the larger Heteromera have a strongly chitinized hypopharynx. This is not developed in any of the Colydiidae nor likewise in certain Heteromerous families, especially the smaller species. From the Cucujidae and Cryptophagidae, the Colydiidae can be distinguished by not having falciform lacinia, from the Mycetophagidae by the distinct triangular presternum and from other related families by the cereal structures. These two curved cerci, with a sac-like depression between, occur in certain Heteromera having the chitinous hypopharynx, but these seldom have the bifore spiracle. Description of the Larvae and Pupae. Aulonium tuberculatum Lee. Larva. — -Form elongate, cylindrical, slightly wider along 5th and 6th seg- ments; integument smooth, lightly chitinized, though somewhat heavier on the last terga; sparsely haired. Head subcircular, slightly depressed, projecting; occipital foramen pos- terior, epicranial halves ventrally separated by a semi-chitinous gular region ; ventral mouth parts deeply retracted, hypostomal margins more heavily chiti- nized and having a well-defined hypostomal bracon connected with hypophar- ynx; the latter having a transverse narrow chitinization; clypeus and labrum distinct, the latter transverse; front broadly fusiform, nearly bisecting epi- cranial halves, sutures not complete anteriorly; antennae laterally inserted, three-jointed; first joint transverse, second barrel-shaped, bearing a dis- tinct supplementary joint, third elongate, slender; ocelli five behind base of antennae, grouped in sets of three and two. Mandibles, grinding type, having well developed molar part bearing fine asperities on the inner face, apex bifid and cutting edge bearing two obtuse teeth; ventral mouth parts but slightly chitinized, maxillary sclerite large cushioned; cardo transverse, chitinized portion transversely triangular; lacinia broad truncate at aprx, bearing short chitinous points on inner margin, maxillary palpi three-jointed on a lobe-like palpifer; submentum hour-glass shaped; mentum b;im-l- shaped; stipes transversely fused; labial palpi two-jointed; apical joint cy- lindrical; ligula broad oval. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 Protergum about as wide as long, not differentiated from epipleurum at sides; presternal plate of prothorax elliptical, distinct; presternal ring well- defined on mesothorax and metathorax, former bearing spiracle; hypopleural chitinizations very narrow line-like, the prehypopleural stronger; hypo- pleural suture distinct, bearing coiidyle of coxa. Legs strong, about as long as width of body, five-jointed, coxa large, conical widely separated; tro- chanter short, femur about equaling tibia, tarsus shaped as a flattened claw. Segments uniformly chitinized, or slightly heavier on tergum which is entire and bearing anteriorly a transverse, curved, dentate carina; epipleurum slightly protuberant; hypopleurum less so; sternum laterally bearing two faint longitudinal impressions below coxal lobe. Ninth abdominal segment terminal, with tergum heavily chitinized and bearing two strongly recurved un- jointed cerci, the latter having between a deep cylindrical pit; tenth wart- like, ventral, having several small projecting papillae. Spiracles annular, bifore, a little larger than ocelli. Pupa. — Form as Ditoma, head concealed beneath prothorax; latter elong- ate, rectangular bearing four tubercles on anterior margin, the median two larger, lateral margins multidentate, with setiferous teeth; scutellum of mesothorax oval; abdominal terga bearing one or two lateral setiferous papillae and also one on epipleurum; last tergum bearing two strongly re- curved chitinous points. Described from specimens, Hopk. U. S. No. 11872y, collected by the writer at East Falls Church, Va., under bark of dead pine log containing developing Scolytid larvae. They feed under the bark of a variety of coniferous trees and are usually found after the inner bark has been considerably macerated by other larvae. Very young larvae have been col- lected and reared in confinement and they feed entirely on this vegetable tissue. The pupal cell consists of a small oval enlarge- ment in this macerated bark. Ditoma crenata F.1 Luri'ti. — Similar to Auloniiim tuberculatum in all essential characters, but the body is slightly more depressed, the terga lack the transverse carina of asperities, and the ninth tergum is not heavily chitinized, but bears two slen- der, recurved cerci and a shallow pit between them. The largest specimen measures 5'/2 mm. long. Pupa. — Similar to A. tiiberciilntiiiii, except by the arrangements of papillae on margin of r)ronotum, and cerci not strongly recurved. Described from two larvae and one pupa in the U. S. N. M. collection. One larva from Dr. Meinert from the Zoo. Mus., Copenhagen, Denmark; one larva and pupa from E. C. Rosen- berg, Copenhagen, Denmark. The latter were collected under 1 This larva has been described by Ferris — Insects du Pin Maritime, 1853. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAX., 1920 5 the bark of Fa gits silvaticus, September 30, 1S95, Dyrehaven, Denmark. Phloeonemus catenulatus Horn. Larva. — -Similar to Aulonituii but slightly more depressed; antennae and palpi more slender; mandibles having brush of hairs on molar part; carina on terga less pronounced and more regular; eighth and ninth terga not strongly chitinized, latter bearing cerci as figure; spiracles having bifore lobes much larger. Described from specimens in the U. S. Nat. Museum, labeled 587 Beeville, Texas, November, 1895. These were collected by E. A. Schwartz in the gum exuding from scars on mesquite trees. Synchita fuliginosa Melsh. Larva. — Form elongate, subcylindrical, having slight dorsal and ventral ampullar protuberances, each bearing a lateral and transverse impression; maximum length, 6 mm.; integument white, not chitinized, sparsely clothed with long, slender hairs. Ninth tergum projecting in a single recurved cercus bifurcated at the apex ; pre- and post-hypopleural chitinizations of thorax line-like and very faint; otherwise essentially as Aitlonium except that the terga do not bear the transverse carina. Described from specimens, Hopk. U. S. No. 9709. These larvae have always been found under bark associated with fungous growth. They are very common in cankers of the chestnut bark disease (Endothia) feeding on the deteriorating bark or fungus mycelium. The adults eat the conidial threads. Synchita sp. Larva. — Distinguished from .S". full gin ami by the more slender and more strongly recurved cerci. Pupa. — Essentially as Ditoma but having the pronotum wider in front and regularly beset around the anterior and lateral margins with small finely setose papillae. Setae of body very fine; last tergum bearing two conical, widely separated, erect, projecting, but slightly chitinized points. Descriptions from specimens, Hopk. U. S. No. 10083t. They were collected at East Falls Church, Va., under the bark of a dead spruce log, associated with a white mouldy growth. The adult has not been specifically determined. Nematidium nlliforme Lee. Larva. — -Form very elongate cylindrical; largest specimen 12 mm. long, by 1 mm. wide; integument thin, rather thickly beset with short stiff hairs. Head elongate-oval, strongly chitinized; labrum circular; front triangular; 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 entirely distinct; antennae short, two-jointed with supplementary joint; (basal joint possibly retracted); no ocelli; mandible obtusely bidentate, cut- ting edge bearing two obtuse teeth, but molar part less pronounced than in Aulonium; ventral mouth parts less deeply retracted than Aulonium, cardo more perpendicular and oval, mentum and stipes more heavily chit- inized; lacinia cylindrical; only last joint of labial palpi distinct, this cyl- indrical. Legs more robust and shorter than in Aulonium, hairs short, setose. Thoracic and abdominal terga entire; ninth segment relatively short, bear- ing two long recurved chitinous cerci with no pit or carina between; tenth wart-like, ventral. Spiracles annular-bifore, the spiracular tubes very small. Pupa. — Form more slender than in Aulonium, protergum about twice as long as wide, anterior and lateral margin bearing setigerous papillae; scu- tellum less pronounced; lateral margins of terga bearing two setose papillae, epipleurum one; last segment having two widely separated, acute, erect, chitinous points. Described from specimens in the U. S. Nat. Museum, labeled 2197, Ft. Capron, Florida. These were collected by H. G. Hubbard. Monoedus Lee. Larva. — Form and general character similar to Aulonium from which it differs in lacking the heavy chitinization of the cereal plate and the cerci are less strongly recurved. A very faint carina extends across the anterior margin of the mesothorax and metathorax. Tip of lacinia rounded, not beaked, inner apex bearing curved spines, last joint of maxillary palpus cylindrical, obtuse, scarcely longer than second; anterior margin of clypeus regularly curved; last joint of antennae cylindrical, slightly longer than penultimate; molar surface of mandible beset with much coarser teeth. Described from a single specimen in the U. S. N. Museum Collection. This larva was not reared but collected in the pith of stems of Metostelma on the branches of which the adults were very abundant. Homestead, Fla., February 24, 1919. H. S. Barber. If this larva is properly associated with Monoedus the genus should certainly be placed in the Colydiidae. Bothrideridae. In the family Bothrideridae the larvae of Bothridcrcs, Dere- taphrus and Lithophanus have been studied. They may be characterized as follows: White, fleshy, fusiform, having very thin integument; legs short, rive- jointed, coxae very widely separated, tarsi claw-like (no tarsal claws) ; head PROC ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., IQ2O 7 extended from prothorax, epignathous; labrum present; mouth parts deeply retracted, fleshy; cardo large, cushioned; maxillary sclerite distinctly cush- . ioned; ligula long, obtusely conical and exceeding in length the labial palpi; gula elongate, thinly chitinized mandibles without molar structure, apex bidentate, retinaculum present; antennae contiguous to mouth frame, two- or-three- jointed, the basal joint bearing a large dilated supplementary joint; no thoracic hypopleural chitinization; presternum of prothorax triangular; presternal fold of mesothorax and metathorax very broad; cerci, when present, of two recurved spines; ninth abdominal segment terminal; tenth wart-like; spiracles annuliform, mesothoracic, on presternal ring. TAXONOMIC POSITION OF THE BOTHRIDERIDAE.' The relationships of this family are problematical. As stated in the introduction they are certainly quite distinct from any of the Colydiidae here described. The peculiar form and habits tend to emphasize this distinction, — possibly too emphatically- and give a suggestion of Clerid or Trogositid affinities. For the present, however, it is probably more natural to regard them as a specialized development from some of the Colydids with reduced molar structure. The parasitic nature of these larvae does not necessarily demand a morphological change of the fundamental head structures. This is well illustrated by the parasitic genera placed in the Cucujidae, Catogenus and Scalidia, where we find identical form and habits but radically different head structures. Description of the Larva and Pupa. Deretaphrus oregonensis Horn. Larva. — Fleshy, fusiform, widest about 5th and 6th abdominal segments; integument thin, practically glabrous; maximum length 14 mm. Head subglobular, epignathous, extended; occipital foramen posterior; epi- cranial halves ventrally separated by thin sub-rectangular gular region; ventral mouth parts retracted; clypeus and labrum distinct, both roundly transverse, latter twice as wide as long, having anterior margin sinuate; no frontal or epicranial sutures; antennae laterally inserted; very small, two- or-three- jointed, basal joints bearing a long, distinact appendage, 2d and 3d joints subequal; no ocelli; mandible triangular, without molar structure, bifid at apex and having a large retinaculum; ventral mouth parts fleshy, weak, retracted about half the depth of the head; margins of hypostoma slightly chitinized, maxillary sclerite distinct, cushioned; cardo large, fleshy, with a triangular chitinization; inner margin of stipes chitinized; lacinia broad, fleshy; no galea; maxillary palpi three-jointed; 3d joint longest; no palpifer; submentum large trapezoidal; mentum barrel-shaped; ligula long, conical, greatly exceeding labial palpi; palpi two-jointed. 1 The following taxonomic discussion is based on a joint study of the characterization of Coleopterous larvae undertaken by A. G. Boving and F. C. Craighead. 8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1 920 Thoracic segments about equal in length, meta thorax widest; no distinct areas, except band-like presternal fold, which in the prothorax bears two small chitinous spots; coxal protuberance lateral, strongly projecting. Legs short, conical, weak, widely separated, consisting of five joints; tarsus claw- like-, appendiculate at base. Abdomen swollen, and not distinctly marked into areas; ninth bearing two chitinous recurved hooks or cerci; tenth wart-like, terminal. Spiracles annuliform, peritreme circular, rather strongly chitinized, thoracic spiracle on presternal ring of meso thorax ; eight abdominal spiracles. Pupa. — Form of adult; head concealed beneath prothorax, latter rec- tangular, sides rounded; abdominal terga bearing a few stiff hairs as figure; no cerci. Described from specimen, Hopk. U. S. No. 10651v. This specimen was taken by the writer at Giant Forest, Cal- ifornia, June 29, 1918, in the pupal cells of Asemum atrum in a dead Jeffrey pine. It could not be determined when the larvae attack the host but the Asemum larvae had constructed their pupal cells and were full grown before being killed. Lithophanus succineus Pasc. This species has cerci similar to Deretaphrus and the mandible is provided with a retinaculum, which is very slender and pro- jects posteriorly. The last joint of the antennae is rounded at the apex and the supplementary joint is conical. It measures about 8 mm. in length. Larvae of this species have not been definitely associated with the adults. A large series of adults were reared from a small piece of Acacia, girdled by Oncideres (Hopk. U. S. No. 15128) which Mr. T. E. Snyder sent the writer from Brownsville, Texas. In the U. S. N. Museum Collection a single specimen, described above, was found, collected by Mr. H. S. Barber, in Parkinsonia, at the same place. Since it differs both from Deretaphrus and Bothrideres it is tentatively associated with this name. The reared specimens were predaceous on several species of Cerambycids, Achryson concolor Lee., Ibid/ion townsendi Linell and Obrium maculatum (Phyton pallidum). The cocoons were found under the bark in the larval mines of these hosts. Bothrideres geminatus Say. Larva. — Similar in form and general structure to Deretaphrus oregoncnsix from which it differs in lacking the cerci and the retinaculum of the mandil K ; the lacinia is more lanceolate at the apex. Specimens at hand do not exceed 5 mm. in length. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. I, JAN., 1920 '.> Described from Hopk. U. S. Nos. _>N43e, 3838, l()()-S:?j, 1-;<), and Hopk. W. Va. Nos. (J977e and 7177. The specimens were collected by Dr. A. D. Hopkins, Mr. W. S. Fiske, J. NT. Knull and the writer. They were all predaceous on Coleopterous larvae or pupae, in each case killing the host after it had completed its larval mine. The hosts were Saperda Candida in apple; Saperda discoidea in hickory and a Chariessa pupa in persimmon. Specimens 12600 were taken under the bark of Qjtercns sp. sent to Washington by M. Chrisman from Sabino Canyon, Arizona. Several larvae were found inside a single pupa of Chrysobothris. They were isolated March 20, 1914, and soon formed cocoons on the sides of glass vial containers. Adults emerged August 15. In this case the writer believes they were internally parasitic. Bothrideres cactophagi Schwarz. No larvae of this species have been seen but Mr. H. G. Hub- bard recorded some interesting notes on the habits. He found1 it in large numbers in the cocoons of the cactus weevil (Cacto- phagus validus) on which it is undoubtedly parasitic. Mr. E. A. Schwartz tells me it does not make a cocoon as B. geminatii*. Cocoons of Bothrideridae. Three species here described all pupate in cocoons. These are made by the full-grown larvae. They are probably of a chit- inous material but whether secreted from the buccal opening or from anal glands as do the species of Donac-ia2 has not been deter- mined at present. The cocoons of Bothrideres and Lithophanns have a silky appearance and webby texture as though compos! of minute threads, while that of Deretaphrus is of considerably heavier material and uniform texture. On this last cocoon the concentric arrangement of the exterior shows how it is built. They are all attached to the wood on the side of the larval mine of the host. The cocoon of Dcrctaphnis measures 14 mm. in length by 4 mm. in width. Litliopliauns is 6 mm. long by 3 mm. wide. Bothrideres is 15 mm. long by 3!/2 wide. That of Deretaphrus and Lithophanus are elongate oval, while Bothrideres is broadly oval and quite depressed. 1 Supplement to Psyche; Insects of the Giant Cactus. — May, IS'.i'.i. 8 and 10. - B0ving, Adam G. — Biclrag til kundskaben om donaciin-larverm^ nutnr- historie. K0benhavn, H. Hagerups forlag 1906. 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 a Derefaphrus a ,, ., Bothnderes . Cocoons of Bothrideridae — a, Deretaphrus; b, Lithophanus; c, Bothrideres g. 3. 4. 5. 6. Fig- Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate i. Aulonium tuberculatum — -dorsal view of head. Aulonium tuberculatum — dorsal view of right mandible. Nematidium filiform ]e — dorsal view of right mandible. Aulonium tuberculatum — ventral view of head. Phloeonemus catenulatus — mesothoracic spiracle. Synchita fuliginosa — dorsal view of head. Synchita fuliginosa — ventral view of head. Synchita fuliginosa — ventral view of thorax. Phloeonemus catenulatus — dorsal view of right mandible. Nematidium filiforme — dorsal view of head. Phloeonemus catenulatus — dorsal view of ninth abdominal segment. Nematidium filiforme — ventral view of head. Aulonium tuberculatum — -lateral view of body. Aulonium tuberculatum — -mesothoracic spiracle. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22 PLATE 1 CRAIGHEAD— BIOLOGY OF COLEOPTERA PLATE 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22 tfemaiidium CRAIGHEAD— BIOLOGY OF COLEOPTERA PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., IQ2O 13 Plate 2. Fig. 1. Deretaphrus oregonensis — ventral view of thorax and head. Fig. 2. Deretaphrus oregonensis — dorsal view of pupa. Fig. 3. Deretaphrus oregonensis — ventral view of head. Fig. 4. Aulonium tuberculatum — dorsal view of thorax of pupa. Fig. 5. Ditoma crenata — dorsal view of pupa. Fig. 6. Bothrideres geminatus — leg. Fig. 7. Nematidium filiforme — -dorsal view of thorax of pupa. Fig. 8. Ditoma crenata — -dorsal view of ninth abdominal segment. Fig. 9. Bothrideres geminatus — labrum and maxillae. Fig. 10. Bothrideres geminatus — right mandible from side. Fig. 11. Bothrideres geminatus — -right antennae. Fig. 12. Deretaphrus oregonensis — left mandible from below. Fig. 13. Deretaphrus oregonensis — spiracle. Fig. 14. Nematidium filiforme — lateral view of eighth and ninth abdominal segments. Fig. 15. Deretaphrus oregonensis — lateral view of body. ABBREVIATIONS. C, cardo; gu, gula; ha, arm of hypostoma connecting with hypopharynx (hypopharyngeal bracon) ; 1, ligula; Is, labial stipes; m, mentum; pf, palpi- fer; ps, presternum; r, retinaculum; s, stipes of maxillae; sj, supplementary joint of antennae; ta, tentorial arms. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DIPTERA: ASIL1DAE * BY W. L. McATEE AND NATHAN BANKS. The family Asilidae comprises flies which vary in size from small to extremely large. A much-used English name for the group is robber-flies, a most inappropriate term, for which assas- sin-flies would be a good substitute. The species are uniformly predacious, have a characteristic leggy, grasping appearance and voracious appetites. They prey upon other insects, taking toll from nearly all groups. vSome of the larger species are as watchful as hawks, swift in action and correspondingly difficult to cap- ture. Sunny paths and roads are a favorite resort for many of the species; some sit on bare trunks and poles, some on leaves, the tips of dead twigs or blades of grass, and a few in the shade. The different genera and species have quite characteristic habits in this respect, making search for them a source of constant interest to the collector. 1 For tin- Syrphidae, see Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., L".), pp. 17:; 120-4, Sept. 12 12, ini(>; and the Tabanidae, 1'roe. Knt. Soc. Wash., Vol. 120, pp. 188-206. Dec. 1918. 14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 In, fact, from various points of view the Asilidae can be com- mended to students, as a wonderfully interesting group, which certainly will well repay further collection and study. It is rather surprising, for instance, that in a family of flies of as large average size and conspicuous habits as the Asilidae, and in a collection as well-worked from a locality as the vicinity of Washington, it has been necessary during the preparation of this paper, to describe as new no fewer than 1 1 forms. While identifying material for the purposes of the present list Mr. Banks found and described two new species in Asilus, one each in Leptogaster and Dasyllis, and a new species and new variety in the genus Dioctria. Revisions of the last three of these genera were pre- pared b'y Mr. Banks, and the genus Laphria was revised by Mr. McAtee, the latter work resulting in the description of five new species from the Washington region. Previously 8 new names had been based in whole or in part upon District of Columbia material. One of these names was proposed merely as a sub- stitute for an older but unavailable name, and two of them are now placed in synonymy. The total number of species in the following list is S3.1'2 For comparison it may be stated that 69 species of Asilidae are listed in the Insects of New Jersey,3 and 51 species in the Diptera of Florida.4 Described species in addition to those hereafter listed which may reasonably be expected to occur in our region include : Townsendia niger Back N. J., but other species of the genus southward. Laphystia sexfasciata Say N. Y. to Fla., 111., and Tex. Echthopoda formosa Loew Mass, to N. C. Cyrtopogonfalto Walker Quebec, 111., Fla. Cyrtopogon marginalis Loew Canada, N. J., Va. Stichopogon argenteus Say On sand, N. J., 111., Calif. Lampria rubriventris Macquart. . .Pa., Ga., Tex. Proctacanthus rufus Williston. . . .Mass., N. C., N. Mex. Proctacanthus nigriventris Mac- quart Pa., Carolina. 1 For the benefit of those interested in the fauna of Plummets Island, Md.( it may be said that 43 species have been taken upon the island, and 25 others in the Great Falls-Little Falls section of the Potomac River valley. Where the data quoted does not make this distribution clear the initials P. I. or V. P. I. (vicinity of Plummers Island) are added. - Two species not yet collected are included in the keys. 3 Johnson, C. W., Ann. Rep. N. J. State Museum. 1909 (1910), pp. 749-753. 4 Johnson, C. W., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 32, Art. Ill, 1913, pp. 60-62. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 15 Promachus fitchii Osten Sacken. . .Conn., Nebr., Fla. Asilus orphne Walker Me., Mont., : . C. Asilus antimachus Walker Ohio, Kans., Va. Asilus cacopilogus Hine N. J., Nebr., Tex. The writers gratefully acknowledge the courtesy of the follow- ing persons in supplying records or in permitting the examina- tion of collections owned by them or in their charge: F. R. Cole, C. T. Greene, J. S. Hine, F. Knab and W. R. Walton. SYNOPSIS AND ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES. Key to the Stibfamilies. A. Marginal cell of wing open. B. Abdomen and legs very slender, hind femur much elongated and swollen toward apex; palpi one-jointed Leptogastn>i:n'. BB. Abdomen and legs not unusually slender; palpi two-jointed. . Dasypogo)i AA. Marginal cell of wing closed. C. Antenna without terminal arista; palpi two-jointed . .Laphriimu'. CC. Antenna with long terminal arista; palpi one-jointed. .Asilinnc. Leptogastrinae. Key to the Genera. A single genus .Leptognsh-r. Leptogaster Meigen. Key to the Species. A. No empodia; hind femur with dark band before broadest part; hind tibia with bands at base and middle dark; thorax pinkish, antennae pale annnlatns. AA. Empodia present. B. Hind tibia dark for a considerable distance; hind femur dark or dark banded. C. Legs mostly dark, very slender; antennae dark tennis's. CC. Legs mostly pale. D. Dorsum of thorax wholly shining black; hind femur with apical dark band and another over beginning of s\v; Beltsville, Md., July (>, Banks. L. brevicornis Loew. — Great Falls, Va., June 29 to July 22, Banks; Maryland near Plummers Id., July 20, 191.'], R. C. Shan- non; Chain 'Bridge, Md., June 4, 1905, " D. H. demons; Falls PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., IQ2O 17 Church, Va., June 2X to July 31, Banks; July 4, S and 13, 11)13 (latter feeding on a young locustid), F. Knab; Glencarlyn, Va., June 24, Banks; Washington, D. C., August 19, 1S99; near Chevy Chase Lake, Md., July (}, HM3, W. D. Appel; Linnieville, Md., July S, 1912, R. C. Shannon. L. favillaceus Loew. — Great Falls, Va., June 20, Banks; Plum- mers Id., Md., June 20, 1912, H. S. Barber; June 21, 1914; Dead Run, Va., June~22, 1915, R. C. Shannon; June 23; Chain Bridge, Va., June 4; Falls Church, Va., September 1; Glencarlyn, Va., June 23, Banks; June 17, 1917, McAtee. Perhaps not distinctly separable from flai'ipes. L. flavipes Loew. — Fairly common ; May 28 to September (i. P. I. L. incisuralis Loew. — Falls Church, Va., August 10, Banks; Dalecarlia Reservoir. D. C., August 22, 1915, McAtee; Washing- ton, D. C., August 2, September 14, 1X99; Beltsville, Md., July 26, 1914, L. O. Jackson. L. loewii Banks. — Maryland near Plummers Island, June 7, 1914, McAtee; Chain Bridge, Va., May 2S; Falls Church, Va., June 1 1, July 4; Glencarlyn, Va., June 24, Banks. L. pictipes Loew. — Probably next in abundance to L. anuu- latus; June 4 to September 20; seen about flowers more than other species, has been taken on those of Ceaiiotlnis aniericainis and Tephrosia virgimca; in copula, July 9. L. raripes Loew, origin- ally described from the District of Columbia is the female of this species. P. I. L. tenuipes Loew. — Originally described from District of Col- umbia specimens. Great Falls, Va., June 29, July 17, September 24, Banks; August 23, Difficult Run, Va., September 3, 1911, F. Knab; Virginia near Plummers Id., Oct. :>, 1913, R. C. Shan- non; Plummers Island, Md., August 1.1, 1905, H. S. Barber; September 27, 1914, October 10, 1914, October 10, 1913, Cabin John, Md., August IS, 1914, R. C. Shannon; Chain Bridge, Va., September 14, Banks; Rosslyn, Va., September 22, 1912, F. Knab. L. testaceus Loew. — Great Falls, Va., June 19, Banks; Plum- mers Island, Md., May 30, 190S, McAtee." L. virgatus Coquillett. — Great Falls, Va., July 22, Banks; Difficult Run, Va., July 7, 1915; Dead Run, Va., June 22, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Virginia near Plummers Id., August 22, 1910, McAtee; Plummers Island, Md., June 20 to 29, 1915, R. C. Shan- non; Falls Church, Va., June 0, July 4; Glencarlyn, Va., June 17, 20, July 2; Washington, I). C., "June 22, Banks; Beltsville, Md., August S, lill 5, McAtee. 18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 Dasypogoninae. Key to the genera. A. Front tibia with a terminal claw-like spur. B. Face flat or concave, oral margin prominent, bristly Deromyia. BB. Face convex below, oral margin not prominent, hairy. C. Third joint of antenna excised on upper side before apex, the lobe spinose Taracticm. CC. Third joint of antenna not excised; with a small terminal style. . . Nicodes. AA. Front tibia without terminal spur. D. Fourth posterior cell closed; abdomen cylindrical, elongate; third antennal joint with excision on inner half Dizonias. DD. Fourth posterior cell open. E. Antenna apparently five -jointed Ceraturgus. EE. Antenna three (or apparently four) jointed; third joint may have a terminal style. F. Style thick, appearing like a fourth joint. Dioctria. FF. Style more slender than third joint. G. Face distinctly swollen in profile. H. Face swollen below Lasiopogon. HH. Face swollen to base of antennae Cyrlopogon. GG. Face flat or only gently convex. I. Hind metatarsi much enlarged. J. Head much broader than high, goggle-like; bare species Holcocephala. JJ. Head little broader than high, not goggle-like; hairy species Holopogon. II. Hind metatarsi not enlarged. K. Face flat or concave, narrowed above, bare, except on oral margin Stichopogon. KK. Face rounded, largely hairy; not narrowed above. . Heteropogon. Ceraturgus Wiedemann. C. cruciatus Say. — There are numerous records of this at least not common species; season, June 5 to July 26. V. P. I. Dioctria Meigen. Key to the Species. A. Third joint of antenna much longer than first and second together; style long banksi AA. Third joint of antenna not longer than first and second together; style short bwis. D. banksi Johnson. — Originally described from this region under the name longicornis Banks, some of the following specimens listed being the type material as is the case also with var. tibialis Banks. Plummers Island, Md., June 11, W. Palmer; June IS, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. I, JAN., 1920 19 1916, C. T. Greene; Dead Run, Va., June 20 to 30, im:>, R. C. Shannon; June 23, Banks; Cabin John, Md., June 29, 191(5, F. R. Cole; July S and October, 1910, R. M. Fouts; Chain Bridge, Va., June 23, 1915, Banks, C. T. Greene; Falls Church, Va., June 20, Banks; July 2, 1912, July 3, 19 Hi, C. T. Greene; Belts- ville, Md., July 1, 1917, McAtee. D. brevis Banks. — Plummers Island, Md., June 18, 191(5, C. T. Greene. Cyrtopogon Loew. C. lutatius Walker.— Dead Run, Va., May 24, 1910, R. C. Shannon; Beltsville, Md., May 13 and 24, 1917, McAtee. The latter collections were made about piles of cordwood. Lasiopogon Loew. Key to the Species. A. Legs reddish brown; abdomen black, pruinose on hind angles and narrow hind margins of segments. Length 5-7 mm terricola. AA. Legs black; abdomen broadly prninose across posterior portions of seg- ments. Length about 9 mm tetragrammus. L. terricola Johnson. — Common in its favorite situations, bare sandy areas, often along paths on roads; April 17 to July 10; in copula May 2. P. I. L. tetragrammus Loew.— Less common and more local than last. Great Falls, Va., April 30, May 12, 20, Banks; May 2, C. T. Greene; Virginia near Plummers Island, May 7, 1916, H. L. Viereck; May 21, 1910, McAtee; Plummers Island, Md., May 1, 1915, May 5, 1914, May 7, 191(5, R. C. Shannon; Mary- land near Plummers Id., May 10, 1910, McAtee; Glencarlyn, Va., May 21, 1917, C. T. Greene. Holcocephala Jaennicke. Key to the Species. A. Abdomen broad at base, usually reddish yellow, at least in fresh spec- imens. abdomi nulls. A A. Abdomen more slender and elongate, narrowed toward base, brownish, pruinose on hind margins of segments 1 to 3 .cuh'ii. H. abdominalis Say. — Undoubtedly the most numerous in in- dividuals of any of our species of Asilidae; usually seen perched on tips of grass blades in damp situations. Season June 20 to October 3. Among prey of this species are the ants; Solenopsis molesta and Lasius sp. P. I. H. calva Loew. — Far less numerous than last. Great Falls, Va., July 13, Banks; August 11, 1915; Scott's Run, Va., July 25, 1915, McAtee; Dead Run, Va., July 2S, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Plummers Island, Md., July I, 1907, A. K. Fisher, McAhc : July 11, 1909, McAtee; Maryland near Plummers Island, June 29, '30, July 13, 1913, R. C.' Shannon; Cabin John, Md., July 20 PROC. EJNT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. i, JAN., 1920 29, 1914, V. Roberts; Beltsville, Md., September 10, 1916, River- dale, Md., June 16, 1916, F. R. Cole; Chevy Chase Lake, Md., July 22, 1917, McAtee; Washington, D. C., July 11, 1899, J. S. Hine; Falls Church, Va., July 15, 20, August 2; Glencarlyn, Va., July 25, Banks. Holopogon Loew. H. guttula Wiedemann. — Fairly common; usually found sit- ting on the ends of dead twigs; known to come to light. Season May 25 to July 16; in copula, June 15. P. I. Heteropogon Loew. H. macerinus Walker. — Difficult Run, Va., September 3, 1911, F. Knab; Turkey Island, Md., August 23, 1914, R. C. Shannon; Cabin John Bridge, Md., August 22, 1909, F. Knab; Falls Church, Va., August 27, September S, 12, IS, October 1, Banks; Septem- ber 5, 1912, C. T. Greene. Stichopogon Loew. S. trifasciatus Say. — On sand and rocks; Great Falls, Va., July 8 and 29, Banks; Difficult Run, Va, July 25, 1915, in copula; Plummers Island, Md., July 14, 1915, McAtee; Washington, D. C., July 11, and September 5, 1899, T. S. Hine; Bladensburg, Md., June 23 and July 17, 1916, R. C. Shannon. Deromyia Phillippi. Key to the Species. A. Pronotal bristles pale; dorsum of thorax with three deep velvety black stripes; lateral stripes interrupted, median one merging into red an- teriorly winthemi. AA. Pronotal bristles dark; thoracic stripes not velvety black. B. Hair on coxae pale; general color of abdomen reddish yellow, discolor. BB. Hair on coxae partly black; general color of abdomen reddish brown umbrina. D. discolor Loew. — Common; June 24 to September 16; in copula July 25, August 5, 20, 22. Among the prey have been identified the digger wasp, Mimes a kohli, the paper wasps, Ves- pula vulgaris, V. communis and V. germanica, and the bees, Apis mellifera and Clisodon terniinalis. P. I. D. umbrina Loew. — Less common than last, but not rare; has been collected from July to September 19. In copula, September 1. Has been found preying upon a spider, and the bees, Apis mellifera and Bremis impatiens. P. I. D. winthemi Wiedemann. — Kalmia Road, D. C., September 2, 1916, McAtee; Falls Church, Va., July 29, August 19, Banks; August 4, 1913, W. Middleton; Beltsville, Md., September 10, 1916, devouring a house fly, F. R. Cole. Diogniitcs miscllus Loew described from District of Columbia material is a svnonvm. Actual date of publication January 23, IQ2O. VOL. 22 FEBRUARY 1920 No. 2 PROCEEDINGS • OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS MALLOCH, J. R. — DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OP SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA) 34 McATEE, W. L., AND BANKS, NATHAN — DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DIP- TERA : ASILIDAE 21 SNYDER, THOMAS E. TWO NEW TERMITES FROM ARIZONA 38 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice-President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 FEBRUARY, 1920 No. 2 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DDPTERA: ASILIDAE. BY W. L. McATEE AND NATHAN BANKS. (Continued from page 20.) Taracticus Loew. T. octopunctatus Say. — Fairly common; May 30 to August 4. P. I. Nicocles Jaennicke. Key to the Species. A. Apical half of wing dusky, with a clear spot confined to marginal cell; antennal style half as long as third segment politus. AA. Dark coloring of wings in the form of clouds along veins, the cells more or less hyaline; antennal style only one-fourth as long as third seg- ment pictus. N. pictus Loew.— Great Falls, Va., April 15, 30, May 12, Banks; April 20, 1916, on flowers of Benzoin aestivale, McAtee; March 26, April 2, 1917, C. T. Greene; Maryland near Plummers Island, May 10, 1916, McAtee; Cabin John, Md., April 11, 1915, R. C. Shannon; April 11, 1917, R. M. Fouts; High Island, Md., May 12, 1898, R. P. Currie; Falls Church, Va., April 5, Banks; Beltsville, Md., March 25, 1917, W. R. Walton. Dead twigs are a favorite perch for this species. The following prey has been identified: the ant, Lasius sp. and the dung beetle, Aphodius femoralis. N. politus Say. — Hyattsville, Md., August 14, 1912, Septem- ber 17, 1910, F. Knab; October 11, Banks; Bladensburg, Septem- ber 23, 1915, October 2, 1914, in copula, R. C. Shannon. Pygos- tolus ar genii fer Loew, described from District of Columbia ma- terial is a synonym. Laphriinae. Key to the Genera. A. Veins at outer ends of discal and fourth posterior cells forming nearly a straight line. B. First antennal joint much more than twice as long as^second Cerota inia . BB. First antennal joint not more than twice as long as second . .Atomosia. 21 ' 22 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 AA. Veins at outer ends of discal and fourth posterior cells forming a dis- tinct angle. C. Three sub marginal cells present Pogonosoma. CC. Only two submarginal cells. D. First posterior cell narrowed or closed; nearly bare species, with pruinose markings on thorax Nusa. DD. First posterior cell rather widely open; slightly to very hairy species. K. Body nearly bare, hind femora with spinigerous tubercles beneath Lampria. EE. Body usually more hairy, hind femora without spinigerous tubercles. F. Pile sparse to dense; that on abdomen in part crisped ap- pressed ; abdomen usually parallel-sided Laphria. FF. Pile dense over most of body, erect, usually black and bright yellow; abdomen broadest behind middle Dasyllis. Cerotainia Schiner. C. macrocera Say. — Common; June 5 to August 22; known to come to light. P. I. Atomosia Macquart. Key to the Species. A. Femora black, except for narrow pale rings at base and apex. . . .pnella. AA. Femora more extensively pale. B . Femora reddish brown, broad bands on anterior pairs, and outer sur- faces of posterior pair, black glabrata. BB. Femora pale yellow; with never more than minute spots of black at bases of hind ones sayii. A. puella Wiedemann. — Very common; extreme dates of col- lection, May 31 and September 5. Almost always found on bark of trees, on poles or other upright wood surfaces. Has been found feeding on Simulium. P. I. A. glabrata Say. — Apparently rare; Falls Church, Va., August 10, 11 and 19, Banks; rests on leaves near the ground. A. sayii Johnson. — Common, June 10 to September 5; habits like last; Chironomus has been noted among the prey. P. I. Pogonosoma Rondani. P. melanoptera Wiedemann. — Great Falls, Va., July 12, 1916, J. N. Knull; August 1, 1916, McAtee; Cabin John, 'Md., June 4, 1916, R. C. Shannon; Washington, D. C., June 27, Banks; Falls Church, Va., June 12, 1916, July 3, 1915, reared, C. T. Greene; June 29, July 3, 1916, J. N. Knull; Beltsville, Md., July 4, July 30, 1916, W. R. Walton. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 23 Nusa Walker. N. fulvicauda Say.— Great Falls, Va., July 10, 12, 1916, J. N. Knull; Cabin John Bridge, Md., July 25, 1913, R. C. Shannon; Washington, D. C., August 22, 1912, F. Knab. Lampria Macquart. L. bicolor Wiedemann.— Great Falls, Va., August 17, 1916, C. T. Greene; August 21, 1917, McAtee; Falls Church, Va., June 27, July 16, Banks: Glencarlyn, Va., July 14, F. Knab. Laphria Meigen. Key to the Species. A. Disk of thoracic dorsum black except for a central pair of yellow spots; general color of pubescence old gold saffrana. A A. Coloration otherwise. B. With copious bright golden pile over whole dorsum of thorax and abdomen. C. Male forceps nearly straight viewed from above, spatulatt, sericea. CC. Male forceps curved, not spatuiate aktis. BB. Pile of thoracic dorsum black, at least on sides in front. D. Pale pile extending forward at least to middle of pronotum, forming a distinct narrow triangle. E. Male forceps deeply emarginate at apex, appearing like an opposed index finger and thumb; hypopygium oblique, index. EE. Male forceps more shallowly emarginate; hypopygium nearly straight ithypyga. DD. Pale pile not forming a distinct narrow triangle. F. With some dense, crisped, yellowish to golden pile on abdo- men canis var. disparella. FF. With no more than scattering yellow hairs on abdomen. G. Male forceps, viewed from above, narrowed to apex. H. Forceps rather acute, only slightly hollowed out be- neath at apex ; sicula. HH. Forceps less acute, slightly upturned exteriorly at ipex; much hollowed out beneath, with a thin ver- tical plate along concave inner margin near apex . . . canis. GG. Apex of forceps trapeziform winnemanam L. sericea Say. — Cupid's Bov/er Island, Md., May 31, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Great Falls, Va., May 23, 1918, McAtee; May 26, 1914, R. P. Currie; Tune 5, 1917, C. T. Greene; June 16, 1910, R. A Cushman; Scott's Run, Va., June 2, 1912, W. D. Appel; Dead Run, Va., Tune 9. lf)15, feeding on Nicagus obscurus, R. C. Shannon; Falls Church, Va., June 12, 1916, J. N. Knull. L. aktis McAtee.— Great Falls, Va., May 25, Banks. L. index McAtee.- Dead Run, Va., May 27, 1917, McAtee. L. ithypyga McAtee.— Beltsville, Md., 'June 4, 1916, W. R. Walton. 24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 L. sicula McAtee.— Great Falls, Va., June 29, 1915, August 17, 1916, August 28, 1917, C. T. Greene; June 12, July 21, Banks; Scott's Run, Va., July 25, 1915, McAtee; Langley, Va., July 16, 1911, W. D. Appel; Dead Run, Va., June 9, 19, July 25, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Falls Church, Va., July 3, 1916, J. N. Knull; July 20, 25; Glencarlyn, Va., July 13, Banks; Plummers Island, Md., June 18, 1914, R. C. Shannon; June 30 (in copula), July 14, 21, 1907, A. K. Fisher; Lakeland to Riverdale, Md., July 14, 1916, McAtee. L. canis var. canis Williston. — Great Falls, Va., June 29, Banks; Plummers Island, Md., June 4, 1916, H. L,. Viereck; Virginia near Plummers Id., Md., June 7, 1908, McAtee; Dead Run, Va., June 28, Banks; July 18, 1916, R. C. Shannon; Chain Bridge, Va., May 28, Banks; Glencarlyn to mouth of Four Mile Run, Va., June 11, 1916, McAtee; Falls Church, Va., July 3, 1916, J. N. Knull. L. winnemana McAtee. — Plummers Island, Md., June 27, 1915, R. C. Shannon; July 11, 1909, Scott's Run, Va., August 12, 1917, McAtee; Dead Run, Va., July 11, 1915, July 18, 1916, July 28, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Great Falls, Va., June 28, 1917, C. T. Greene; Maryland near Plummers Id., June 30, 1914, R. C. Shannon. L. saffrana Fabricius.— St. Elmo, Va., F. C. Pratt. Although Fairfax, Va., is rather out of the District of Columbia fauna, it is worth mentioning that a specimen of this large and handsome species of decidedly southern range has been taken there. Dasyllis Loew. Key to the Species. A. Mystax chiefly black. B. Tufts of hair in front of halteres and wings black; hair on anterior two pairs of legs and thorax pale greenish yellow affinis. BB. Tufts of hair in front of halteres and wings yellow; hair on legs chiefly black; on thorax bright yellow thoracia. AA. Mystax chiefly yellow. C. Tufts of hair in front of wings chiefly yellow; lateral margin of first abdominal segment separated from that of second by a deep in- cision; large species 28-35 mm. long, including wings grossa. CC. Tufts of hair in front of wings chiefly black; first abdominal segment not so separated ; smaller species. D. Scutellum yellow-haired; abdomen wholly black flavicollis. DD. Scutellum black-haired. E. No yellow hair on abdomen virginica. EE. Yellow hair on abdomen. F. Segments 1-3 of abdomen with somewhat diamond-shaped black, central areas, bordered by broad patches of yellow hair chant plaini. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 25 FF. Segments 1-3 of abdomen with no more than scant fringes of yellow hair posticatus. D. affinis Macquart. — Plentiful in its season which is the autumn; earliest date, August 10, latest, November 4; mostly seen on tree trunks and telephone poles; in copula, September 30. Food species identified are : Oxyporus lateralis and Diabrotica 12-punctata. An attempt has been made to identify Laphria melanopogen Wiedemann (Ausz. zweifl. Ins. I, 1828, pp. 520-521, [Kentucky]) with this insect, for which it would be a prior name. However, Wiedemann described melanopogen as having the occi- put, thorax and legs gray-haired, while affinis is especially dis- tinguished among our species of Dasyllis by having the colored hair a peculiar greenish yellow. P. I. D. thoracica Fabricius. — Common; May 15 to July 20; in copula June 15; has been noted feeding on the rose beetle, Macrodactylus subspinosus. P. I. D. grossa Fabricius. — Frequent; June 13 to August 22; among the prey is the clover-leaf weevil, Hypera punctata. P. I. D. flavicollis Say. — The recent separation of the next species from this makes it desirable to give the records in full: Great Falls, Va., May 12, 25, June 20, Banks; May 21, 1914, R. P. Currie; Dead Run, Va., May 19, 23, 1916; in copula, R. C. Shannon; Virginia near Plummers Id., June 2, 1916; Plummers Island, Md., July 7, 1907, McAtee; Falls Church, Va., June 19, Banks; Belts- ville, Md., June 15, 1913, McAtee; July 9, 1916, F. R. Cole. D. virginica Banks. — Originally described from specimens col- lected at Falls Church, Glencarlyn and Chain Bridge, Va., in June. Great Falls, Va., June 20, 1916, C. T. Greene; July 19, 1916, September 21, 1914, J. N. Knull; Cupid's Bower Island, Md., May 31, 1915, feeding on Hoplia trivialis, R. C. Shannon; Falls Church, Va., May 17, reared, May 29, 1913, C. T. Greene; Beltsville, Md., June 28, 1917, L. O. Jackson; Laurel, Md., May 3, 1913, E- B. Marshall. D. champlaini Walton.— Beltsville, Md., July 30, 1916, Har- old Morrison. D. posticata Say.— Plummers Island, Md., May 30, 1911, J. C. Crawford; Chain Bridge, Va., June 26, 1917, Falls Church, Va., June 16, 1915, on flowers of Ceanothus, C. T. Greene; June 22, Banks; Beltsville, Md., June 18, 1916, McAtee. Asilinae. Key to the Genera. A. Arista pectinate Ommatius. AA. Arista not pectinate. B. Posterior branch of third vein curving forward meeting costa at or before tip of wing; or the anterior branch angulatcd near its or- igin, or with free stump, or both. 26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., IQ2O C. Ovipositor cylindrical, with terminal circlet of spines Prcctacanthus. CC. Ovipositor compressed, without spines Erax. BB. Posterior branch of third vein terminating behind tip of wing; an- terior branch without stump. D. Three submarginal cells present. E. Abdomen shorter than wings; body thickly pilose, Mallophora. EE. Abdomen longer than wings; body thinly pilose. .Promachus. DD. Two submarginal cells present Asilus. Ommatius Wiedemann . O. marginellus Fabricius. — Fairly common; June 14 to Sep- tember 1; in copula, July 28, August 6 and September 1. P. I. Proctacanthus Macquart. Key to the Species. A. Abdomen largely reddish; thorax dark brown rufiventris. AA. Abdomen not reddish. B. Thorax with brown markings; wings clear brown philadelphicus. BB. Thorax with dark, nearly black markings; wings pale brown. C. Large stout species, middorsal stripe of thorax gray-pollinose, not plainly differentiated milbertii. CC. Smaller, rather slender species; thoractic stripe usually plainly differentiated and not distinctly pollinose brevipennis. P. brevipennis Wiedemann. — Bladensburg, Md., June 23, 1916, R. C. Shannon; Branchville to Beltsville, Md., June 4, 1914, L. O. Jackson; Beltsville, Md., June 25, 1915, R. C. Shannon; June 14, 15, 18, July 4, McAtee; July 6, prey Anomala sp., Banks; Odenton, Md., July 4, 1913, in copula, McAtee. P. milbertii Macquart. — Chain Bridge, Va., September 17, Banks. P. philadelphicus Macquart. — Fairly common; June 25 to Oc- tober; in copula September 3. Among the prey have been noted a large tachinid fly, further unidentified, the grasshopper, Or- phulella pelidna, the tiger beetle Cicindela punctulata, the honey- bee, and the paper wasps, Vespula germanica and V, vulgaris. P. rufiventris Macquart. — Maryland near Plummers Island, June 29, 1913, R. C. Shannon. Erax Scopoli. Key to the Species. A. Dark brown species; wings smoky; mystax yellowish to reddish; ovi- positor split at tip rufibarbis. AA. Black and gray species; abdominal segments usually gray or white margined behind; mystax gray, grayish yellow, or mixed with black; ovipositor not split at tip. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 27 B. Mystax chiefly black, lower third or less grayish or pale yellowish; ovipositor slender as long as last three abdominal segments or longer; male with from 2 to 5 silvery segments before hypopygium aestuans. BB. Mystax chiefly grayish or yellowish, sometimes a few black hairs above. C. Ovipositor strongly compressed, equal in length to last 3 or 4 abdominal segments; segments 4 to 6 of male silvery and 4 especially with long silver-white hair parted in the middle and directed outwards nemoralis. CC. Ovipositor not so compressed, not longer than last two abdominal segments together; male without parted long silvery white hairs on dor sum. D. Median dark markings of pronotum precurrent or nearly so; larger species (25-30 mm.) , upper valve of hypopygium, bifid as seen from side maculatus. DD. Median dark markings traversing only two-thirds of prono- tum; smaller species (20-25 mm.), upper valve of hypo- pygium, not bifid as seen from side albibaris. E. aestuans Linnaeus.— Abundant ; June 20 to September 20; in copula, August 1, 12 and 19. Has been seen ovipositing in old cedar post and on twigs of red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and on bark of tulip tree (Liriodendron). Sarcophaga sp. has been identified among the prey. .The extent to which the seg- ments of the male abdomen are silvered is quite variable, and has been the cause of the species receiving several names. So far no one has demonstrated correlation of varying degrees of this character with any other differences acceptable for specific distinction. The small form with four segments silvery is macro- labris Wied. P. I. E. albibarbis Macquart. — Common in the Coastal Plain, as at Hyattsville, Beltsville and Odenton; June 25 to September 10. Among the prey have been noted the digger wasp Tachysphex sp. ; the muscid fly, Lucilia sp. and a Tachinid. E. maculatus Macquart. — Washington, D. C., Banks. E. nemoralis Hine. — Mt. Vernon, Va., August 20, 1916, July 4 and 13, 1917, McAtee; a southern form for which this is the north- ernmost record; the species perches chiefly in trees. E. rufibarbis Macquart. — Very common; June 24 (the next date is July 23) to October 8; in copula September 2, 17, 19 and 23. Mallophora Macquart. Key to the Species. A. Length, including wings, more than 25 mm.; wings blackish orcina. AA. Length, including wings, less than 20 mm.; wings hyaline or smoky. . .da us it did. 28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 M. clausicella Macquart. — Common; June 24 to September 25; in copula September 3 and 10; has been found feeding upon Vespula germanica and V. vulgaris. Specimens of this species killed while still in somewhat teneral condition are abnormally colored and have been identified as M. guildiana. This prob- ably accounts for eastern records of the latter form which prob- ably is a western subspecies of clausicella. V. P. I. M. orcina Wiedemann. — Great Falls, Va., August 11, 1915, McAtee; Maryland near Plummers Id., August 14, 1916, J. C. Crawford; High Island, Md., September 28, Banks; Veitch, Va., August 21, 1917; Falls Church, Va., June 24, 1916, August 14, 1917, September 4, 1915, C. T. Greene; July 28, September 2, Banks; Dunn-Loring, Va., August 30, 1916, Mouth of Four-mile Run, Va., September 17, 1916; Mount Vernon, Va., August 13 and 20, 1916, McAtee. Among the prey have been identified, the bumble bees, Bremis impatiens, B. affinis and B. pennsylvanicus and the wasps, Polistes pallipes, Vespula vulgaris and Dolichovespula maculata. Promachus Loew. Key to the Species. A. Abdomen brown on sides and below, black above; male genitalia with silvery hair above bastardii. AA. Abdomen conspicuously banded; male genitalia without silvery hair above rufipes. P. bastardii Macquart. — Great Falls, Va., July 27, Banks; Falls Church, Va., July 21, 1913, C. T. Greene; Glencarlyn, Va., July 2, Banks; Mt, Vernon, Va., July 4 and 13, 1917; Beltsville, Md., July 4, 1916, McAtee. Has been found preying on Vespula vulgaris. P. rufipes Fabricius. — Common; July 23 to October 3; in cop- ula August 20. P. I. Asilus Linnaeus. Key to the Species. A. Large yellowish species, wings brownish yellow sericeus. AA. Smaller, duller species, wings hyaline or in part dusky. B. Ovipositor short, rounded, with 4 spines at apex above; male clasp- ers, curved with distinct open space between them; tibiae and meta- tarsi with the basal half or more yellow fuscatus. BB. Genitalia otherwise. C. Arista of antenna about twice as long as third joint; legs almost entirely pale reddish gracilis. CC. Arista shorter or only a little longer than third joint; legs with dark markings. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 29 D. Hind femora wholly black. E. Tibiae almost wholly black, sometimes with traces of reddish at base; decidedly small species with much sil- very hair underneath head and thorax maneei. EE. Tibiae in part, or chiefly, pale. F. Front and middle femora yellow with black stripe on upper side; mystax black and golden in male; last 3-4 segments of abdomen of female modified as ovipositor flavofemoratus. FF. Front and middle femora black. G. All tibiae pale only at base; all metatarsi black; mystax black and white. H. Male forceps more slender and straight vir ginicus. HH. Male forceps stouter and decurved at tip notatus. GG. Tibiae with more extensive pale markings. I. Male forceps heavy, longer than last two ab- dominal segments together; mystax largely black sadyates. II. Male forceps more slender and shorter; mystax largely pale. K. Mystax mostly white; male forceps not much narrowed or decurved at tip. .novaescotiae. KK. Mystax with more dark hairs, general color a little more fulvous ; male forceps decurved at tip autumnalis. DD. Hind femora with pale markings. L. Male forceps seen from above, wider at or near apex than at base; eighth abdominal segment of female (that is, basal segment of ovipositor) longer than 6th and 7th together; arista equal to or longer than third antennal joint. M. Male forceps wider than abdomen at middle; dark species, legs black with reddish or yellowish markings. N. Wings narrow, male genitalia more than 2 mm. wide angustipennis . NN. Wings wide; male genitalia less than 2 mm. wide, latipennis. MM. Male forceps, not wider than abdomen at middle; yellowish gray species; mystax largely golden yellow; legs yellowish with dark markings auricomus. LL. Male forceps, seen from above, gradually narrowed from near base; eighth abdominal segment of female (basal segment of ovipositor) shorter than 6th and 7th together. O. Arista shorter than third antennal joint. 30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 P. Each femur with orly preapical band red. Q. Underside of each fro it femur with abundant rather long hair, not in rows snowii. QQ. Underside of each front femur with a row of bristles. R. Bristles nale and weak; male forceps seen from side widest at two-thirds their length. . . .erythrocnemius. RR. Bristles stout, black, male forceps of about the same width throughout paropus. PP. Each femur with preapical band and posterior side red; thor- acic stripe very distinct johnsoni. OO. Arista as long or longer than third antennal joint. S. Mystax chiefly golden. T. Male forceps widest beyond middle; legs chiefly yellow auricomus. TT. Male forceps not widest beyond middle; lee;_> chiefly black i^.-ythrocnemius. SS. Mystax either black, white or mixed. U. Mystax chiefly white; third antennal joh.t barely pale at base antimachus. UU. Mystax with numerous black hairs above; third antennal joint distinctly pale at base lecythus. A. augustipennis Hine. — Among the material from which this species was described, was a male from St. Elmo, Va., F. C. Pratt. Has been taken also near Beltsvilte,. Md., September TO, 1916, in copula, McAtee. A. auricomus Hine. — Great Falls, Va., September 9, 1914, R. C. Shannon; October 3; Falls Church, Va., August 13, Banks; Rock Run, Md., September 7, 1915, R. 0. Shannon. A. autumnalis Banks. — Common; August 10 to September 30; in copula September 13; known to come to light; mry be a fall form of A. novaescotiae. P. I. A. erythrocnemius Hine.— Great Falls, Va., July 20.. 1913, F. Knab; Falls Church, Va., September 22, "Bryant "B^nks, Silver Hill, Md., September 26, 1915, I,. O. Jackson. A. flavofemoratus Hine. — Abundant; May 12 to July 25; lias been observed coming to light in great abundance; known to feed on Elateridae, and the diptera, Chrysopila sp. and Tipula sp. P. I. A. fuscatus Hine. — Fairly numerous; June 6 to September 2. P. I. A. gracilis Wiedemann. — Plummers Island, Md., September 1, H. S. Barber; Rock Creek, D. C., August 25, 1914, R. C. Shannon. A. johnsoni Hine. — Beltsville, Md., July 9, 1916, McAttf. A. latipennis Hine. — Plummers Island, Mfl., September 1, 1907, A. K. Fisher. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH.. VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 31 A. lecythus Walker. — Common ; May 25 to August '22 ; in cop- ula latter date. V. P. I. A. maneei Hine.— Great Falls, Va., June 29, 1915, C. T. Greene; July 20, 1913, F. Knab; September 24, Banks; Glen- can yn, Va., June 23, 1914, W. D. Appel; Washington, D. C., September 22, 1915; Beltsville, Md., September 10, 1916, McAtee. A. notatus Wiedemann. — The most abundant species of the genus. Extreme dates of collection May 21 to September 20; in copula various dates from May 31 to September 19. Has been found preying upon the following: moths; the leaf -hopper, Draeculacephala mollipes; Tabanus costalis, and another small horsefy; the cranefly, Nephrotoma ferruginea; and a chrysomelid beetle. P. I. A. novaescotiae Macquait. — Next in abundance to last species; season: June 14 to September 24; in copula August 11, 16, 20, 22. P. I. A. paropus Walker. — Great Falls, Va., June 28, 1917, August 17, 1916, C. T. Greene; July 22, August 13; Chain Bridge, Va., June 9; Falls Church, Va., July 7 and 9, Banks; July 13, 1913, F. Knab; Lakeland, Md., July 14, 1916, McAtee; Riverdale, Md., June, 1916; Bladensburg, Md., June 13, 1916; Beltsville, Md., June 14, 1916, F. R. Cole. Has been found preying upon the cranefly, Epiphragma solatrix and the Dexiid, Cordyligaster min- iuscula. A. sadyates Walker. — Common; July 10 to October 28. P. I. A. s?riceus Say. — Fairly common; May 31 to July 25; prey observed includes £. Libellulid and the beefly, Bombylius mex- icanus. A. snowii Hine. — Great Falls, Va., August 13, 17, Banks; Plummers Island, Md., June 11, 16, 1912, E- A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber; June 15, 191 1", P. R. Myers; July 4, 1907, A. K. Fisher; July 4, 1914, little Falls, D. C., August 22, 1915 (common and in copula), McAtee; Woodridge, D. C., August 29, 1915, F. Fritz; Beltsville, Md., September 3, 1916, McAtee. * Asilus virginicus Banks, new species. In general similar to A. notatus, but differs in having a more slender and elongate superior forceps, the tip of which is not bent downward (see Fig- ures 1 and 2). Black; legs black, bases of tibiae reddish, mystax half black, pale below; antennae and palpi black and black-haired; abdomen rather more black above than A notatus, apical margins and sides of segments yel- lowish gray pruinose. Arista of antenna a little shorter than the third joint; male genitalia from above narrower than the abdomen, tapering behind, the superior forceps long, nearly straight and not decurved at tip, and with white hair beneath as in A . notatus. 32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 Holotype, a male from Great Falls, Va., June 16, Banks (No. 10652, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.). From Great Falls, Falls Church, Chain Bridge, Va., May 28 to June 16, Banks; Falls Church, Va., June 21, 1914, F. Knab; Cupid's Bower Island, Va., May 31, 1915, R. C. Shannon; Branch- ville to Beltsville, Md., June 4, 1914, L. O. Jackson; Beltsville, Explanations of figures: Fig. 1. — Male genitalia of A situs iiirgimcus; Fig. 2. — Male genitalia of Asilus notatus; both seen from side. Md., July 9, 1916, McAtee; Plummers Island, Md., June 30, 1907, A. K. Fisher; Maryland near Plummers Island, May 29, 1910; Virginia near Plummers Island, Md., July 20, 1913, McAtee. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Back, E. A. The robber-flies of America, north of Mexico, belonging to the subfamilies Leptogastrinae and Dasypogoninae. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 35, pp. 137-400, Pis. II-XII, April-October, 1909. Records 9 species from the District of Columbia and vicinity. Banks, N. Captures of Diptera. Ent. News, 18, No. 10. Dec., 1907, p. 450. Dizonias tristis, Washington, D. C., June 21; later found to be Pogonosoma. At the Ceanothus in Virginia. Ent. News, 23, No. 3, March, 1912, p. 102-110. Names 7 species of Asilidae caught on flowers of this plant at Falls Church, Va. Notes on Asilidae with two new species. Psyche, 21, No. 4, August, 1914, pp. 131-133. Describes Asilus autumnalis and Leptogaster loewii new species from the Dis- trict of Columbia region. Asilids catching hymenoptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash, 15, No. 1, April, 1913, p. 51. Observations at Falls Church of Deromyia preying upon Vespa and honey bee, and Mallophora dausicella upon Epeolus. Synopsis of the genus Dasyllis (Asilidae). Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 12, No. 3, July, 1917, pp. 52-55. Describes D. virginica new species, from nearby localities in Virginia. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 33 Notes on some new species of the genus Dioctria (Asilidae). Psyche, 24, No. 4, August, 1917, pp. 117-199. Describes D. longicornis new species and D. I. var. tibialis new variety from this region. Coquillet, D. W. New North American Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 6, 1904, pp. 166-192. Leptogaster virgatus n. sp., described from specimens, part of which were collected at Washington, D. C., June 22 (Banks), pp. 177-8. Hine, Jas. S. Robberflies of the genus Asilus. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. II, No. 2, June, 1909, pp. 136-170, Pis. 22-23. Records 3 species from the vicinity of Washington, for one of which a new name is proposed (A. fuscatus), and of one of which (A. angiistipennis) the original description is given. Robberflies of the genera Promachus and Proctacanthus. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. IV, No. 2, June, 1911, pp. 153-172. One species from this vicinity. Johnson, Chas. W. Notes on the species of the genus Dioctria. Psyche, 25, No. 5, October, 1918, p. 103. D. banksi new name for D. longicornis Banks, 1917, not Meigen, 1820. Loew, H. Diptera americae septentrionalis indigena, Centuria secunda, Vol. 1, 1861, pp. 60-62. Leptogaster varipes and L. tenuipes described from the District of Columbia. Centuria septima, Vol. 2, 1865-1872, pp. 76, 77, 83. Pygostolus argentifer, P. pictus and Diogmites miscellus described from the District of Columbia. McAtee, W. L. A sketch of the Natural History of the District of Columbia, etc., Bull. 1, Biol. Soc. Wash., May, 1918, 142 pp., 5 maps. Records 12 species of Asilidae from the region, pp. 91, 93, 95, 97, and 108. Key to the Nearctic species of the genus Laphria (Diptera, Asilidae). Ohio Journ. Sci., 19, No. 2, December, 1918 (Jan. 18, 1919), pp. 143-170, Pis. 10-11. Describes L. aktis, index, ithypyga, sicula and winnemana, from material in part from our region, and records 3 other species. Notes on the Nearctic Nusa (Diptera, Asilidae). Ohio Journ. Sci., 19, No. 4, February 27, 1919, pp. 244-248, 5 figs. Records N. fulvicauda from the region. Osten Sacken, C. R. von. A list of the Leptidae, Mydaidae and Dasypogonina of North America. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 2, 1874, pp. 169-187. Records from the District of Columbia, only the species described by Loew. 34 ENT. PROC. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF SCATOPHAGIDAE (DIPTERA). BY J. R. MALLOCH. The descriptions presented herein are those of species which have been in my hands for two or three years, the material having been obtained from various sources to enable me to draw up a key to the North American genera which recently appeared in the Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18, Volume 3, page 75, 1919. The type of Pseudopogonota aldrichi is in the collection of Dr. Aldrich, those of the other species are in the collection of the State Natural History Survey of Illinois. Scatophaga grisea, sp. n. Male and Female. — -Black, very slightly shining, densely gray pruinescent. Interfrontalia, face, anterior half of cheeks, and basal half of palpi reddish yellow. Thorax with four brown vittae. Abdomen without dorsal mark- ings. Legs reddish testaceous, coxae, and the femora except their apices, black, gray pruinose. Wings slightly grayish, veins yellow basally, brown apically, cross-veins slightly darkened. Calyptrae and halteres pale yellow. Female. — Head when seen from in front nearly twice as wide as high at center; frons half as wide as head, about as long as wide; orbits wide, each with about five infraorbital and three supraorbital bristles and some soft short hairs; parafacial linear below; cheek about one- third as high as eye, the posterior portion of lower margin with soft pale hairs, only the vibrissal angle with strong black bristles (5); antennae with third joint about twice as long as second; arista with short pubescence. Thorax with sparse short hairs, the bristles not strong; presutural acrostichals weak, in about six rows; stigma tal and propleural bristles absent; ventral prothoracic plate very narrow, not broadened anteriorly; propleura hairy in part. Abdomen with second ter- gite longest. Legs stout, the femora noticeably so; bristles absent from femora; fore tibia with a series of long, fine hairs on postero-dorsal surface, and a long bristle beyond middle on antero-dorsal surface; mid tibia with one or two antero-dorsal, one postero-dorsal, and sometimes one posterior bristle; hind tibia with two or three antero-dorsal, and two postero-dorsal weak bris- tles; tibial spurs weak, not curved. First wing-vein bare; sixth vein complete; veins 3 and 4 slightly convergent apically. Male. — Similar to female in color and habitus. The fifth sternite with two moderately stout lateral processes which have numerous soft pale hairs along their inner halves; hypopygium small. Length 5-5.5 mm. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 35 Type.— Male, Logan, Utah, May 20, 1914 (H. R. Hagan). Allotype— Wells, Nev., July 12, 1911 (coll. J. M. Aldrich). Pseudopogonota, gen. n. Generic Characters. — Similar in general habitus to Pogonota zetterstedt, but without the extra cross- veins in the male and with the palpi spoon-shaped in both sexes. First wing-vein bare; sixth vein complete. Hypopygial forceps bearded ; second tergite elongated, very conspicuously so in male. Genotype, the following species. Pseudopogonota aldrichi, sp. n. Male. — Grayish black, shining, conspicuously but not densely pruines- cent. Head largely black, center of interfrontalia red, its anterior fourth, the face, and nearly all of cheek sooty black; second antennal joint and base of third reddish yellow; palpi pale basally. Thorax not distinctly vittate. Abdomen unmarked; hypopygium reddish testaceous, inferior forceps glossy black, with a dense fringe of long, golden, bristly hairs. Legs yellowish tes- taceous, coxae and femora more or less infuscated. Wings yellowish, veins pale, cross- veins infuscated. Calyptrae and halteres yellow. Head less than twice as broad as high. Orbits narrow, each about one- seventh as wide as interfrontalia, bristles as in the preceding species, almost bare except for the bristles; face receding below; parafacial narrow; cheek over one-third of the eye-height, with a few hairlike bristles on posterior halt and some very short hairs along lower margin; vibrissal angle separated by a depressed lire from cheek, with about six bristles; proboscis slender; palpi spoon-shaped, with numerous short black bristles; arista with its long- est hairs as long as width of third antennal joint. Thorax with presutural acrostichals short, 4-rowed; dorsal bristles distinct, but not long; stigmatal and propleural bristles weak or absent. Abdomen slender, without brist'es; hypopygium rather large, inferior forceps over twice as long as wide, rounded at apices, their outer or ventral surfaces bare, armed along their lower or inner margin with long, densely packed bristly hairs, the surface which is mesally directed with dense woolly hairs; fifth sternite with two short wartlike sub- median protuberances, laterad of which there is a tuft of long black bristles. Legs slender; femora without bristles; armature of tibia almost as in pre- ceding species, but the surface hairs much longer. Third and fourth veins subparallel apically. Female. — Differs from the male in having the head with the exception of upper half of occiput, apical two-thirds of third antennal joint, and pro- boscis reddish testaceous; thorax and abdomen largely reddish testaceous,, infuscated above. Legs entirely pale. 36 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 Bristles of entire body stronger than in the male. Abdomen broader than in male, apex slightly compressed. Length 7-8 mm. Type. — Male, allotype, and two male and one female paratypes, Mt. Moscow, Idaho, no date. Paratypes, one male, same lo- cality as type, September 9, 1908, near summit, on vegetation; one female, Tennessee Pass, Col., July 25, 1917. All taken by Dr. J. M. Aldrich. Pseudopogonota aldrichi, var. pallida, var. n. Male.- — -Differs from the type in having the head with the exception of upper half of occiput yellowish testaceous. Type. — Male, and three paratypes, Craigs Mt., Idaho, no date; two males, Marshall Pass, Col., July 28, 1908, elevation 10856 feet (J. M. Aldrich). This genus runs down to caption 20 in my key to the genera of Scatophagidae previously referred to. From Ceratinostoma and Scatophaga it is distinguished by the spoon-shaped palpi. Neogimnomera, gen. n. This genus will run down to Caption 10 in my key to the genera. From the genera therein included it is distinguished by the pubescent arista, absence of the stigmatal bristle, and the short but distinct intra-alar bristles. The apex of the abdomen in the female is not compressed as in Gimnomera, and the palpi in both sexes have a long apical bristle. Genotype. — Cordylura amans Cresson. This species was described from a single female. The male differs from the female in having the uppe: half of the occiput, upper half of pleura, dorsum of thorax except two partial vittae, and all of dorsum of abdomen except the hypopygium black. I have seen two males and two females from Hood River, Ore., May 15, 1917 (F. R. Cole). The male allotype is deposited in the collection of California Academy of Sciences. Gimnomera Rondani. There are no species of this genus recorded from North America. I included the genus in my key to the genera previously referred to and now present the descriptions of the three species known to me from this country. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 37 Key to Species. 1. Males 2 Females 4 2. Interfrontalia and greater portion of face and parafacials sooty black; hypopygium with inferior forceps hatchet-shaped; fifth sternite with two small submedian wartlike elevations which are studded with mi- nute black spines atrifrons, sp. n. Interfrontalia entirely reddish; hypopygium with the inferior forceps not hatchet-shaped, slightly dilated or tapered to apices 3 3. Face blackened on lower half; third antennal joint not twice as long as second; inferior hypopygial forceps broadest considerably before apex, their tips pointed; fifth sternite as in atrifrons incisurata, sp. n. Face entirely pale; third antennal joint over three times as long as second; inferior hypopygial forceps gradually but slightly broadened to apices, truncate at tips; fifth sternite with two long slender submedian pro- cesses which are tapered to apices and furnished with short black set- ulae on their inner or upper surfaces fasciventris, sp. n. 4. Third antennal joint deep black, not twice as long as second; thorax entirely yellow; abdomen yellow, with a narrow glossy black fascia at apex of each tergite incisurata, sp. n. Third antennal joint obscurely yellowish, largely infuscated, three times as long as second; dorsum of thorax and metanotum as well as some markings on pleura black; abdomen with a narrow fascia on apex of each tergite and the genital segments glossy black . . . .fasciventris, sp. n. Gimnomera atrifrons, sp. n. Male. — Occiput, posterior half of cheeks, upper part of face, and palpi yellow; second antennal joint reddish yellow, remainder of head black. Thorax and abdomen yellowish testaceous, the latter with poorly defined black fasciae at bases of tergites. Legs entirely pale. Arista pubescent, very slender except at extreme base. Scutellum with four strong bristles. Length 4.25 mm. Type. — St. Anthony Park, Minn. (Lugger). One male. Gimnomera incisurata, sp. n. Male. — Yellow, third antennal joint, lower half of face, ocellar triangle, and tips of inferior hypopygial forceps black. Arista as in preceding species. Other characters as in key. 38 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 Female. — Differs from the male in having the face entirely yellow, and the abdomen with narrow glossy black fasciae. Length 4 mm. Type. — Male, allotype, and three male paratypes, Dubois, 111., May 10, 1918; one female paratype, same locality, May 25, 1917 (J. R. Malloch). Gimnomera fasciventris, sp. n. Male. — Yellowish testaceous; third antennal joint except base, oceilar triangle, upper half of occiput, dorsum of thorax except anterior lateral' angles, metanotum, and upper half of pleura black. Abdomen with a nar- row brownish fascia at apex of each tergite, seventh tergite glossy black. Arista pubescent, swollen on a little more than its basal third. Hypopygium much more prominent than in other species. Female. — Similar in color to the male. Length 4 mm. Type. — Male, allotype and one female paratype, Meredosiar 111., May 29, 1917 (J. R. Malloch). Taken in a sand-pit. TWO NEW TERMITES FROM ARIZONA. BY THOMAS. E. SNYDER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. On June 30, 1919, Mr. George Hofer collected winged adults of Kalotermes hiibbardi Banks, which were attracted to light in Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. This was the first flight observed in the season of 1919. With these adults of K . hubbardi were smaller, darker adults of a Kalotermes which prove to be a new species. This new Kalotermes is hairy like K . minor Hagen, but is smaller and not so dark and the pronotum seems to be proportionately longer. Unfortunately only three adults were collected. This new termite brings the number of Nearctic termites to 37 species and 2 varieties. The termite fauna of the Santa Cata- lina Mountains, Ariz., is richer in species than any other locality in the United States; 12 species and 1 variety occur there. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 39 Kalotermes banksi, n. sp. Winged. — Dark yellowish brown; a faint pale V-mark on front of head; abdomen paler beneath; legs — femora pale, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown ; antennae pale, longer than width of head, 16 segments, third segment darker, plainly longer than the second or fourth segment, apical segments becoming more elongate, last more slender. Compound eyes large, nearly circular, fully diameter from lower margin of head, less than three times diameter from hind edge of head, less than diameter from lateral edge of head. Ocelli very slightly separated from eyes, oblique and slightly elongate. Pronotum plainly less than twice as broad as long, broadest in middle, anterior mar- gin evenly concave, posterior sides rounded into hind margin. An oblique black mark shows on each side of the front margin. Wings pale, costal veins dark; radial sector with four branches to the costa; median vein runs slightly nearer to radial sector than to cubitus. Wing scale a little longer than the pronotum. Head and pronotum with short but erect hair; abdo- men with short hair. Length, without wings, 6.0 mm., length wing 8.0 mm. This termite is named in honor of Mr. Nathan Banks of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the American authority on termites. Hopk. U. S. No. 14123. Type.— Dealated, male, adult, Cat. No. 22685, U. S. National Museum. A Reticulitermes Flying at Night in Arizona. On July 5, 1919, Mr. Hofer also collected several species of termites that were attracted to light in Sabino Canyon. Among the species of Kalotermes and Amitermes, which are normally nocturnal fliers, were seven specimens of a small, pale yellowish brown species of Reticulitermes which apparently is new. This is the first instance known to the writer of any species in the genus Reticulitermes flying at night. Ten species occur in the United States; in the eastern States these termites "swarm" or fly during the forenoon of a bright, sunny, warm day. This new species may be the winged adult of a manuscript species described only from the soldier caste by Banks. 40 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 2, FEB., 1920 Reticulitermes aureus, n. sp. Dedlated adult.1 — Pale yellowish to light brownish on dorsal surface; under surface yellowish, also legs and antennae; end of abdomen (ventral) golden yellow; lighter in color than R. hageni Bks.2 Head longer than broad, sharply narrowed (rounding) behind; longer than in hageni but not as broad. Teeth of mandibles as in hageni. Clypeus prominent, bilobed. Opening of frontal gland on a line with the hind border of the eyes, in a depression. The ocelli close to the compound eyes, less than an ocellus diameter distant. Compound eye more than its diameter from the lateral margin of head. Pronotum large, sides sharply narrowed behind at an oblique angle; more elongate than in hageni and in most species of Reticulitermes. Pronotum nearly as broad as head with a fairly deep median incision on both anterior and hind margin. Antennae with 16-17 segments, more slender than in hageni. Pubescence of head, thorax and body short but dense; longest hairs as long as greatest diameter of compound eye; pubescence yellowish in color. Length, without wings, 4.75 mm. ; slightly longer than hageni. In color and lateness in swarming this termite is related to Reticulitermes hageni Bks. ; most species of Reticulitermes are dark in color. Type Locality.— Sabino Canyon, Santa Catalina Mtns., Ariz. Described from 6 dealated male adults (one type) collected at light by Geo. Hofer and recorded under Hopk. U. S. No. 14126e. Type and Paratype. — Catalogue No. 22693, U. S. National Museum. 1 Description drawn from the type specimen while in alcohol before pin- ning and consequent shrinking. 2 The characterization of R. hageni is by N. Banks. Actual date of publication February 18, IQ20. VOL. 22 MARCH 1920 No. 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS MAR; 41921 . BUSCK, AUGUST — LORD WALSINGHAM . . 41 CHAPIN, EDWARD A. — NEW AMERICAN CLERIDAE WITH NOTE ON SYNON- OMY OF MICROPTERUS CHEVR (COLEOPT.) 50 HEINRICH, CARL — A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES Of OECOPHORID MOTHS FROM JAPAN 43 MANN, WM. M. — A PROCTOTRYPID INQUILINE WITH FORMICA EXSEC- TOIDES FOREL. (HYM.) 59 ROHWER, S. A. — DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW WASPS (HYM.) 54 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of Octobers, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice- President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice-President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the vSociety at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies ihe manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 .60 100 copies 1.60 3.21 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 MARCH, 1920 No. .! LORD WALSINGHAM.* By the death on December 3, 1919, of The Right Hon. Lord Walsingham (Thomas de Grey) of Merton Hall, England, the Entomological World has lost one of the last of the old guard from the period of Stainton, Frey, Heinemann and Zeller, a con- spicuous landmark, a picturesquely towering tree, which to the last gave forth new growth and good fruit. Lord Walsingham was born July 29, 1843, and his entomological activity covered more than half a century. He became interested in the study of Microlepidoptera at an early age and maintained this interest until his death, working with his collections in the British Museum to the very end. His work was always abreast of each period and his voluminous writings, therefore, give a fair picture of the advance made in the study of Microlepidoptera during this half century. His studies covered the whole world and he described hundreds of new species from Europe, Africa and Asia, but he had a par- ticular fondness for the American fauna, an interest dating back to 1871-72, when he undertook what was at that time a hazardous and difficult expedition to California and Oregon with the main purpose of collecting Microlepidoptera. On this expedition, accompanied only by a few servants, he traveled overland to Mt. Shasta, Oregon and the Calif ornian coast, making the round trip from the Western terminus of the railroad in a specially constructed wagon, containing an entomological workshop. His collections from this tour remained, until a very few years ago, the largest contribution to our knowledge of the Microlepi- doptera of that region. He afterwards studied Clemens' and Chambers' types in the East and at Zeller's death acquired his large collection of American types, and thus became and until the end of the century remained, the one specialist to whom all American material of the group was submitted for identifica- tion. The number of specimens sent to him through Professors Riley and Fernald alone was very considerable and together with his publications on American Microlepidoptera, served as a dependable base for the work of younger students. * Prepared at the request of the Society by August Busck. 41 42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 His influence on the study in this country was further aug- mented by his live interest in the work of younger American workers and his generous never-failing assistance to them both in specimens and information. Lord Walsingham accumulated an enormous and priceless collection of Microlepidoptera from all over the world, which, together with his very complete library, was transferred as a gift to the British Museum in 1910. This collection he acquired by purchase and gifts, but in no small part also by his own diligent collecting. He was in this as in all other phases of his life, a strenuous enthusiast, working long hours without fatigue, ob- taining thus not only carefully preserved specimens but a keen knowledge of the living moths, their biology, characteristic posi- tions and habits. He had a very remarkable eye for specific differences both of the living insect and in the pinned specimens. In the woods of his estate, Merton Hall, he knew off hand by their flight and superficial aspects alone all the species to be met with. The dominant characteristic of Lord Walsingham, expressed in the motto on his coat of arms— "Excitari non hibescere"- was his refusal to stagnate and his ability even at an advanced age to keep in touch with and accept new ideas. He readily recognized the progress in classification made by younger workers and unhesitatingly adopted such, advanced it, made it his own with liberal acknowledgment and applied it even when it meant the refutation of his own earlier work. His uncompromising, acceptance after mature study, at the age of sixty-five, of new systematic ideas, necessitating a complete renunciation of some of his earlier work and the placing in the synonomy of dozens of his own genera, such as Lord Walsingham carried out in his last large contributions (The Microlepidoptera of Teneriffe and the Biologica Centrali Americani, Vol. IV), is indeed a most remarkable testimony to his youthful mental vigor and his ardent desire for truth and progress. Entomology was by no means the only interest of this many- sided man. His powers of observation and his philosophical turn of mind made him prominent in other branches of science, especially ornithology, and in many other human activities. He was a nobleman by nature as well as by birth, a full-blooded man with a rare faculty for the enjoyment of life in all its aspects. He was an enthusiastic sportsman, an ardent hunter, a crack shot, an experienced traveler, a brilliant speaker, and a distinguished personality whom many scientific societies were proud to count a member. He was a delightful correspondent, a faithful and unselfish friend and a princely host to those who had a privilege of knowing PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1 920 43 him personally. To give an adequate account of him would fill a volume. Here shall merely be recorded our appreciation of his value to American Science. Our Society is honored to have had him as a member. We shall see no more like him. A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF OECOPHORID MOTHS FROM JAPAN. BY CARL HEINRICH, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. During his recent visit to Washington, Prof. S. J. Kuwana, the Imperial Plant Quarantine Inspector of Yokahoma, Japan, left with us for determination several insects reared from stored grain at the stations under his control. Among them were five specimens of an Oecophorid of exceptional interest. It is apparently un- described and represents a more primitive and closely related eastern form of the North American genus Martyringa Busck.1 Mr. Busck has verified my determination and at his suggestion I am describing it as new. Since Prof. Kuwana kindly furnished us with larvae and pupae as well as reared adults, I am able to give generic and specific characters in full. Santuzza, new genus. Type. — S. kuwanii, n. sp. Moth. — (Plate 3, Figs. 1-3.) Head with appressed scales slightly rough- ened over the eyes; ocelli absent; tongue developed. Antennae 2/3; in male moderately ciliate beneath; basal joint moderate, without pecten. Max- illary palpi short, filliform, appressed to tongue. Labial palpi long, re- curved; second joint slightly roughened beneath, reaching as high as base of antennae; third joint as long or nearly as long as second, slender, tapering, smooth scaled. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, apex rounded, termen slanting, not concaved; 11 veins; Ib furcate, 2 and 3 stalked from near angle of cell, 5 absent, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa close to apex, 9 out of stalk of 7 and 8, 11 from middle of cell; on underside of wing a bladder-like membranous tympanum in cell before middle. Hindwings nearly as long as forewings, elongate ovate; 8 veins; 3 and 4 stalked, 5 not closely approx- imate to 4 at base, 5, 6 and 7 nearly parallel. Metathoracic legs very long; hind tibiae clothed all around with roughened, long, hair-like scales. Mali- genitalia with uncus developed, strong, simple; tegumen broadly chitinized; vinculum terminating in a short rounded projection; harpes simple with basal articulation closely approximate, sacculus terminating in a free hook, 1 Busck speaks of "allied forms (to Martyringa') occurring in China and Japan" (Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. 35, p. 190. 1908). 44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., IQ2O no clasper; aedoeagus moderately long, slender; anellus present, semi-cylin- drical, without armature and directly attached to aedoeagus. Pupa. — (Plate 3, Figs. 4-6.) Without defined fronto-clypeal suture. Ver- tex well defined, broad. Maxillary palpi large, reaching proximo-lateral angles of maxillae. Maxillae extending slightly more than three-fourths of wing length. Antennae extending to tips of wings. Labial palpi long, slender, one-third the length of maxillae. Prothoracic femora exposed. Wings pointed; extending beyond cephalic margin of 5th but not to 6th abdominal segment. Abdomen without spines or pubescence; 8th, 9th and 10th segments fused. Genital and anal openings slit-like in both sexes. Cremaster present, strong, thorn-like, somewhat hooked. Larva.— (Plate 4, Figs. 7-14.) Cylindrical; moderately slender; caudal end bluntly rounded, not appreciably tapering. Anal fork absent. Legs and prolegs normal. No secondary hair. Crochets triordinal, in a com- plete elypse. Prothoracic shield broad, divided. Spiracles oval, small; that on 8th abdominal segment not appreciably higher than those on abdominal segments 1 to 7. Skin smooth. Body setae IV and V approximate on abdominal segments 1 to 8, under the spiracle; perspiracular shield of pro- thorax prominent, elongate oval, bearing three setae well separated and lying in a very obtuse angle with IV equidistant from III and V; group VI bisetose on prothorax, unisetose on meso- and meta thorax; VII trisetose on proleg-bearing abdominal segments, bisetose on abdominal 7, unisetose on abdominal 8 and 9; III above the spiracle on all abdominal segments; on 9th abdominal both III and VI rather well separated from group IV-V; II well separated from I and directly caudad of it on abdominal segments 2 to 7, slightly laterad on abdominal I and 8; I latero-cephelad of II on ab- dominal 9, nearer to II than to III ; prothorax with Ha slightly higher than la, lib nearly on the level of puncture z, Ib and Ic forming a rhombus with lib and He. Head capsule spherical, nearly square in outline (very slightly trapezoid) viewed from above ; greatest width slightly forward of middle of head ; in- cision of dorsal hind margin very slight. Frons pentagonal, small, not reaching middle of head. Adfrontal sutures meeting longitudinal ridge just beyond middle of head. Longitudinal ridge (LR) longer than frons. Ocelli six; lenses well defined, small, II and III rather well separated. Epistoma normal. Frontal punctures (Fa) close together; well forward of frontal setae (Fl); first adf rental seta (Adfl) approximate to Fl; Adf2 back of end of frons; puncture Adfa approximate to beginning of longitudinal ridge. Epicranium with the normal number of primary setae and punctures and two distinguishable ultra-posterior tubercles. Anterior setae (Al, A2 and A3) forming an obtuse angle; anterior puncture (Aa) postero-dorsad of A2. Posterior setae (PI and P2) and puncture Pb lying just back of middle of head and nearly parallel with longitudinal ridge; PI about middle of head; P-2 slightly nearer longitudinal ridge (LR) than is PI ; Pb lying between the PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 45 setae, approximate to PI; puncture Pa remote from other setae and puncture of posterior group, about equidistant from A3 and LI. Lateral seta (LI) approximate to A3; on the level of PI; lateral puncture (La) postero- laterad of the seta, remote. Ocellar setae (Ol, O2, O3) well separated; Ol dorsad of and closely approximate to ocellus III; O2 closely approx- imate to ocellus I, in a line with ocelli I and II; O3 ventrad of C2, remote; puncture (Oa) closely approximate to O3, between O3 and ocellus VI. Sub- ocellar setae (SOI, SO2, SOS) triangularly placed; puncture SOa lying between SOI and SO3, nearest to SOI. Genal seta (Gl) anterior to the puncture Ga, approximate to O3. Labrum with median incision broadly triangular, shallow. Median setae (Ml, M2, M3) triangularly placed1; M2 postero-laterad of Ml and closer to Ml than to M3; lateral setae (Lai, La2, La3) nearly in a line; Ml and La2 on a level; Lai slightly below the level of M2; M3 well back from anterior margin, behind the level of La3; puncture not distinguishable. Epipharyngial shield narrow, very weakly chitinized, scarcely distinguish- able. Epipharyngial setae triangularly placed near anterior margin of epipharynx; well separated; narrow; moderately long. Epipharyngial rods indicated only by their prominent posterior projections. Labium and maxillae normal except for a large, pit-like, oval chitinization (Smp) on posterior part of submentu. Maxillulae normal. Mandible with a single strong tooth and what appears to be the rudiment of another closely oppressed against its inner ridge ; the lower teeth normally occurring in other forms here replaced by a straight, slanting, distal cutting edge. This genus differs from the closely allied Martyringa Busck in having veins 3 and 4 of the hindwing stalked, 5 separate from 4 and nearly parallel with 6, and with 4 of forewing well separated from 3. In Martyringa 3 and 4 are united and connate with 5 in the hindwing, and 3 and 4 of forewing are closely approximate or connate. Otherwise the two genera agree in adult characters. The immature stages of Mariyringa are unknown, so comparison cannot be carried further. Santuzza kuwanii, n. sp. Moth. — Antennae blackish fuscous with outer margin of basal joint nar- rowly bordered with dull dark greyish yellow. Basal joint of labial palpus blackish fuscous; second joint dull yellowish with patch of blackish fuscous scales on outerside at base; third joint blackish, apical fourth yellow. Head and face dull yellow with a few scattered fuscous scales in front of the eyes. Thorax blackish fuscous faintly suffused with yellowish scales. Forewing blackish fuscous marked with dull yellow; a slight and indefinite suffusion 1 In drawing (Fig. 9, Plate 4) the median setae are incorrectly labeled. M- should be M» and M3 should be M' 46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., IQ2O of yellow at base near costa; two short parallel yellow dashes on upper and lower veins of cell near middle, somewhat obscure in any but perfect speci- mens; in cell beyond middle a rather distinct black spot; an irregular yellow fascia from apical fifth of costa to tornus, inwardly angulated just below costa and again just above tornus; termen faintly yellowish with yellow suf- fusion broadening at apex; cilia greyish fuscous. Hindwing pale smoky grey; cilia somewhat paler with a faint yellowish line along their base. Legs black fuscous; inner sides yellow or yellowish grey; ends of tarsal joints ringed with yellow; on mid tibiae a tufting of greyish yellow scales covering first half of the joint; hind tibiae banded at middle and end with greyish yellow. Abdomen of male with yellowish anal tuft. Male genitalia of type as figured (Plate 3, Figs. 1-2). Alar expanse, 22-25 mm. Habitat. — Japan (J. S. Kuwana). Foodplant. — Stored grain. Type.— Cat. No. 22633 U. S. N. M. Described from five specimens (3 males and 2 females) reared from stored grain at Yokahoma, Japan, and named in honor of Prof. Kuwana, from whom the specimens were received. In superficial characters it resembles very closely Martyringa lati- pennis Walsingham, but is easily distinguished by the structural characters. A specific description of the pupa and larva follows: Pupa. — 10-11 mm. long; abdomen pale yellow, darker on dorsum; wing cases and dorsum of thorax yellowish brown; head yellow; cremaster black; spiracles small, rounded-oval, edges strongly pigmented, brown; proleg scars conspicuous, not pigmented. Larva. — Full grown 22-23 mm. long by 2-2.5 mm. broad. Body sordid white, irregularly spotted with white at places of muscle attachment. Pro- thoracic shield, prespiracular shield of prothorax and prothoracic chitiniza- tion about seta group VI evenly dark brown; a small brown anterior, dorso- lateral, chitinized spot in intersegmental area on each side of mesothorax, bearing a minute seta; chitinized area about tubercle Ib of mesothorax slightly brownish; chitinized areas about tubercles otherwise unpigmented, small; tubercles pale; setae very long, slender, whitish yellow; anal shield yellowish brown; chitinized areas of thoracic legs brownish yellow shading to darker brown, blackish on front margin of coxae, claws pale brown. Spir- acles rimmed with black, very small, but conspicuous; spiracle of 8th ab- dominal segment approximately same size as that on prothorax, twice as large as other abdominal spiracles. Crochets of abdominal prolegs unevenly PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., IQ2O 47 and irregularly triordinal; 45 to 50; moderately stout; light brown. Head blackish brown, paler brown in ocellar, and sub-ocellar, frontal and adfrontal areas; mandibles brown, paler, except at tip and along ridges, than dark portions of head; mentum blackish brown; other chitinized areas of labial and maxillary parts yellow-brown; ocelli unpigmented. EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS. For Male Genitalia. — Ae Aedoeagus. An Anellus. Gn Gnathos. Hp Harpe. Sc Sacculus of harpe. Ts Transtilla. U Uncus. Vm Vinculum. For Pupa. — a Antenna. ao Anal opening. cr Cremaster. f Femora of prothoracic leg. ge Glazed eye. go Genital opening. 1-1 Prothoracic leg. 1-2 Mesothoracic leg. 1-3 Metathoracic leg. Ib Labrum. Ip Labial palpi. md Mandible. mp Maxillary palpus. ms Mesothorax. mt Metathorax. mx Maxillae. p Prothorax. se Sculptured eye. v Vertex. w-1 Mesothoracic wing. w-2 Metathoracic wing. For Larva. — Al, A2, A3, Aa — Setae and punc- ture of anterior group of epicra- nium. ADFR— Adfrontal ridge of frons. ADFS — Adfrontal suture. Adfl, Adf2, Adfa— Adfrontal setae and puncture. C— Cardo. E1, E2 — Epistomal setae. ES — Epipharyngial shield. ET — Epipharyngial setae. Fl, Fa — -Frontal seta and puncture. Gl, Ga — Genal seta and puncture of epicranium. LI, La — Lateral seta and puncture of epicranium. Lai, La2, La3 — Lateral setae of labrum. M — Mentum. Ml, M2, M3— Median setae of labrum. Mpl, Mp2, Mp3— Joints 1, 2, 3 of maxillary palpus. Ol, O2, O3, Oa— Setae and punc- ture of ocellar group of epicranium. PI, P2, Pa, Pb— Setae and punc- tures of posterior group of epi- cranium. Prg— Palpiger maxillaris. SM — Submentum. Smp — -Submental plate. SOI, SO2, SO3, SOa— Setae and puncture of sub-ocellar group of epicranium. St — Stipes maxillaris. X — Ultra posterior tubercles of epi- cranium. PLATE 3 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOI,. 22 Vm 3 5 HEINRICH— SANTUZZA KUWANII PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22 PLATS 4 HEINRICH— SANTUZZA KUWANII 50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (Drawings made under writer's supervision by Mr. Harry Bradford, of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology.) Plate 3. Adult and pupal structures of Santuzza kuwanii Heinrich. Fig. 1. Male genitalia of moth. Fig. 2. Male genitalia of moth; detail (Aedoeagus with anellus attached). Fig. 3. Venation of moth. Fig. 4. Pupa (dorsal view). Fig. 5. Caudal end of pupa (lateral view). Fig. 6. Pupa (ventral view). Plate 4. Larval structures of Santuzza kuwanii, Heinrich. Fig. 7. Head capsule — dorsal view. Fig. 8. Head capsule — lateral view. Fig. 9. Labrum. Fig. 10. Epipharynx. Fig. 11. Crochets arrangement of abdominal proleg. Fig. 12. Mandible. Fig. 13. Labium and maxillae. Fig. 14. Setal map of pro- and mesothorax and abdominal segments 3, 8 and 9. NEW AMERICAN CLERIDAE, WITH NOTE ON THE SYNONYMY OF MICROPTERUS CHEVR (COLEOPT.). BY EDWARD A. CHAPIN, Washington, D. C. The material upon which the following new species of Cleridae are based has been derived mainly from the United States National Museum, for the use of which thanks are due Messrs. E. A. Sctnvarz and H. S. Barber. For the use of the material of Isolemidia sub- striata, n. sp., I thank Dr. F. E. Lutz and Mr. A. J. Mutchler, of the American Museum of Natural History. In an article entitled, "Descriptions de quelques Terediles de 1'Afrique australe, du voyage de M. Drege" (Rev. Mag. Zool. (1), V, 277, 1842), M. Chevrolat described a new species of clerid as Micropterus N. G. brevipenn-is. The genus is characterized by the specific description and therefore must be considered valid until proven otherwise. Inasmuch as this name is preoccupied by Micropterus Lacepede (Hist. Nat. Poiss. IV, 325, 1802), I would PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR,, IQ2O 51 suggest the new name Micropteroclerus as a substitute for Microp- terus Chevrolat (1842). Isolemidia substriata, new species. cf Elongate oblong, sides parallel, head across eyes as wide as elytra at humeri, thorax quadrate, as long as broad, width of head: width of thorax:: 13:10. Color bluish black with a metallic luster, head and thorax with a trace of greenish, apical and basal margins of thorax narrowly, legs, antennae, mouth parts (except for mandibles) testaceous. Mandibles piceous. Head vertical, eyes widely separated, space between eyes shallowly excavate, just above clypeus transversely wrinkled, otherwise with longitudinal wrinkles, these almost effaced in the median portion but more prominent near eyes. Part of head back of eyes with fine grooves and ridges. Punctures coarse but sparse, most abundant anterior to a line across the head at the middle of the eyes. Punctures are continued backward from this space on two areas, either side of a median smooth space on the vertex. Pubescence very sparse, a mixture of black and pale vertical hairs. Antennae nearly reaching base of thorax, eleven segmented, segments 9-11 forming a lax club, 9 and 10 globular, 11 somewhat longer and pointed, slightly sinuate on inner sides. Thorax quadrate, smooth and polished though quite uneven, without distinct punctures. Apical and basal transverse impressions present though not deep. Sides gradually expanded just before the middle. On the disk, just behind the apical transverse impression, there is a conspicuous pit which is sharply delineated before and at the sides but posteriorly is continued in a groove which constantly becomes more shallow and is finally effaced just in front of the posterior transverse impression. Pubescence very sparse, of erect pale hairs. Scutellum cordate, densely pubescent. Elytra long, en- tire, completely covering the abdomen, slightly wider at apical fourth, suture closed, extreme tips slightly rounded. Surface highly polished but more or less irregular, the irregularities tending to form striae. Lateral margins double for basal three-fourths. Pubescence more dense than on head or thorax, erect, pale. Under parts black, polished, minutely punctulate, mod- erately pubescent on the pleurae. Terminal dorsal segment of abdomen broadly truncate at apex, and lateral angles of the truncature rounded, at the middle very shallowly emarginate. Terminal ventral segment, deeply and broadly emarginate, the only visible parts being two slender, lateral horns or claspers. The penultimate ventral segment is also broadly but not as deeply emarginate. Legs long and slender, posterior femora not equaling tips of elytra. Tarsi normal, claws simple. 9 Similar to the male in size, form and sculpture. The coloration of the «lytra differs in that they are brown with paler tips, with no trace of blue. Both dorsal and ventral terminal segments are simple in outline, the ventral having a longitudinal median impressed furrow. The legs are darker than in the male. 52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 Habitat.— Chili. Described from four specimens in the American Museum of Natural History, representing both sexes. Type and allotype at the Museum, a pair of paratypes in the collection of the author. A key to the known species of this genus has been prepared and is offered here. Owing to the fact that it is based largely on the original descriptions the characters chosen for use were of neces- sity mainly color, of rather questionable value in the Hydnocerini* Before much progress can be made, a great many of the early described species of Cleridae will have to be redescribed. Key to the Species of Isolemidea. 1. Front of head between the eyes carinate; elytra much shorter than the abdomen cariniceps Wolc. Front between the eyes planate or excavate; elytra as long as or longer than the abdomen 2 2. Elytra black, with a blue-green or emerald-green transverse fascia 3 Elytra without green transverse fascia 4 3. Legs red (tibiae greenish) pulchella Gorh. Legs olivaceous (posterior tibiae black) batesi Gorh. 4. Elytra uniformly blue-black cf substriata n. sp. Elytra brown or piceous with distinct markings of another color 5 5. Elytra greenish brown, each with a single round brown spot behind the middle bipunctata Schklg. Elytra piceous, marked with yellowish or yellowish green 6 6. Elytra with the apex pale stramineous cf substriata n. sp. Elytra with basal markings in addition to the apical ones 7 7. Elytra with an ill-defined yellowish green spot at base, apex broadly rufo- piceous apicalis Gorh. Elytra with base, apex and a median cross bar, also margin narrowly, yellowish subtilis Gorh. ( Orthoplevra cyanipennis, new species. Similar to O. texana Bland, but with the elytra steel-blue and thorax bright red. Elongate, rufous to rufo-piceous, elytra steel-blue. Head finely punc- tured, the punctures becoming quite sparse toward vertex, antennae with the club and a few of the segments of the funicle piceous, the scape and adjacent segments rufous. Thorax with the sides parallel, slightly broader than long (26-28), punctures rather fine and well separated one from another. No trace of a carina on the basal median portion. Pubescence of head and thorax rufous, short and rather sparse. Elytra long, tapering strongly to apex, suture closed, apices conjointly rounded but with the sutural angles blunt, basal portion as far as the faint lunate brownish fleck which occurs on each elytron, moderately coarsely punctured, the punctures scattered, not PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 53 tending to form rows; apical portion smooth, very finely punctured. The fine punctures are extended to the base among the coarse ones, and each bears a short black bristly hair. Under parts polished, finely and sparsely punctured, metasternum with a deep median longitudinal groove reaching two-thirds to the mesosternum. Legs rufous, very densely pubescent. Claws with basal tooth, as in the genus. Hab. — Venodio, Sinaloa, Mexico, June 27-August 14. A. Kusche, collector. Type.— No. 22556, U. S. N. M. Described from fifteen specimens taken at Venodio between the above-mentioned dates. It is possible that this species is the one mentioned by Gorham (Biol. Cent. Amer. Col., Vol. 3, Pt. 2, Suppl. p. 345) as a variety of 0. damicornis Fabr. Its affinities are, however, with 0. texana. These three species may be sep- arated by the following table : Lateral margins of prothorax sinuate, punctuation not dense damicornis Fabr. Lateral margins of prothorax parallel. Punctuation of pronotum dense and evenly distributed. . .texana Bland. Punctuation of pronotum sparse, slightly more dense at side cyanipennis n. sp. An additional character for distinguishing the sexes in the species of Orthoplevra may be found in the distance separating the eyes. In the male the eyes are much closer together in front than in the female. This character used in connection with that of the antennae should be sufficient to always distinguish the sex of a specimen. Corinthiscus sinaloae, new species. Form rather broad and depressed, slightly broader toward apex. Piceous, elytra pale, basal region of elytra piceous, humeri rufous, subapical band rufous edged with piceous. Head piceous, moderately coarsely and very densely punctured, eyes prominent, coarsely granulate, head between the eyes depressed, vertex distinctly swollen, in some specimens very obsoletely carinate. Antennae rufous, basal segment sparsely punctured, club piceous except for apical half of eleventh segment, finely pubescent; palpi rufo-tes- taceous. Thorax rufo-piceous, longer than wide (25:21), sides parallel, sud- denly narrowed near base, disk with a short deep median longitudinal groove, limited behind by a smooth raised space and with four shallow depressions on either side of the median line; surface very coarsely and quite densely punctured. Elytra with very large and deep pit-like punctures, which are scattered, surface between the punctures very smooth and shining; color pale stramineous, basal fourth piceous, just beyond this patch of color is a trans- verse undulating, very narrow piceous line, more or less broken. The humeri are rufous. On the apical fourth there is an irregular transverse band of 54 PROC. 3NT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 rufous, rather broadly edged with piceous. Tips pale. Under parts piceous, legs piceous, with exception of the coxae, knees and tarsi which are pale. Length 6.5-12 mm. Male has the rami of the antennal club slightly prolonged and has the terminal ventral segment with a median raised portion, strongly depressed on either side. Female has the surface of the terminal ventral even, not depressed laterally. Mexico: Venodio, Sinaloa, late June, July and August; Tehuan- tepec, Oaxaca, July 7; Mazatlan, Sinaloa, September 15. Type from Venodio. Described from twenty-three specimens. Type.— No. 22557, U. S. N. M. Corinthiscus spinolae, new species. Form similar to C. sinaloae but larger. Head, pronotum, meso- and meta- sterna piceous, elytra pale with dark spots, abdomen pale, legs pale with knees piceous. Head much as in the preceding species but the punctures are slightly finer. Scape and funicle of antenna reddish chestnut, club darker. Palpi rufo-testaceous. Thorax slightly longer than broad (33:29), form similar to that of C. sinaloae but without the lateral depressions and with the median fissure very much less distinctly marked. The post median smooth space is not raised and is in the form of a narrow line. Elytral punc- tures finer than in the preceding and become obsolete near apex. The ground color is pale testaceous; the base is dark, the dark extending toward the apex for a short distance at the humeri and on the disk, there is a medium fascia which is broken into three spots on each elytron, the middle one of which is larger and is more apical in position; near the apex is a transverse fascia apparently composed of four large spots, two on each elytron, the spots just touching. Under parts of the thorax piceous, of the abdomen pale. The legs are pale but for the knees which are dark, the dark color sharply demarked from the pale. Length 11-12 mm. Described from four specimens, all females, collected at Venodio, Sinaloa, Mexico, June 27 to July 10, 1918, A. Kusche, collector. Type.— No. 22558, U. S. N. M. DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW WASPS (HYM.). BY S. A. ROHWER, Bureau of Entomology. The six new wasps described in the following pages were sub- mitted for identification by Dr. Chas. Robertson. The types of all of them are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Elis floridanus, new species. In size, appearance and structure this new species is much like interrupta (Say) , but it can readily be distinguished by the yellow PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 55 posterior margin of the pronotum. In the color of the pronotum it resembles qwinquecincta (Fabricius), atriventris Gahan, etc., but it differs from these species in the sculpture of the pronotum and propodeum. Female. — Length, 15 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus broadly rounded, the surface of clypeus convex and with a median ridge, opaque with close fine punctures and with large irregular punctures in addition; front shining, unipunctate, ventrally the punctures are closer and sometimes confluent; vertex, occiput and temples shining, with widely separated punctures; post- ocellar line about two-thirds the length of the ocellocular line, a distinct, transverse impressed line behind lateral ocelli; second to fourth (inclusive) joints of antennae dentate at apex beneath; dorsal aspect of pronotum closely bipunctate, the larger punctures sometimes confluent; scutum shining with separate distinct punctures, finely granular along the anterior margin ; scutel- lum shining, with large rather close punctures; dorsal aspect of propodeum opaque by fine granulations, and in addition with rather small, distinct punctures evenly distributed over the entire surface ; posterior aspect of pro- podeum subshining, finely closely punctured, at the top with a few irregular, transverse wrinkles, ventrally with some fine dorsal-ventral striae; sides of pronotum striate; mesepisternum shining, with large, rather close, distinct punctures; sides of propodeum striate; abcissae of radius in order of length from shortest are 3, 1,2; tergites shining with well-separated, small punctures; pygidium with complete, uniform striae. Black; mandibles, except apices, two lateral spots on clypeus, a broad band above antennae, inner margins of eyes, a narrow line anterior to ocellus, posterior orbits, a narrow irregular line across the occiput, elongate lateral spots on anterior dorsal aspect of pro- notum which extend on sides, narrow posterior margin of pronotum, tegulae, lateral and a median spot on scutum, spot on scutellum, line on metanotum, large spot on mesepisternum, lateral angles of propodeum, band on anterior dorsal margin of first tergite (broader laterally), lateral spot on second ter- gite, band on third, fourth, fifth, tergites anteriorly (slightly narrowed me- dianly and on fifth subinterrupted), spot on sides of pygidium, and spots on second and third sternite yellow; legs reddish, coxae, except a yellow spot, black, lines on femora and tibiae yellow; wings yellowish, anterior margin of front wings smoky; venation yellowish; scape beneath piceous. The paratype female has the entire anterior dorsal margin of the pronotum, a posterior spot on mesepisternum, spots on sternites four and five, a band at base of pygidium and a median dorsal spot on the propodeum yellow. Male. — Length, 15 mm. Clypeus with large, confluent punctures, the anterior margin with a shallow arcuate emargination ; supraclypeal area dis- tinctly ridged; lower part of front closely punctured, the upper part, occiput and temples shining and with well-separated punctures; an elongate fovca between bases of antennae; postocellar line three-fourths as long as ocellocu- lar line; antennae reaching to base of propodeum, third joint about half as long as fourth; pronotum shining, with separate distinct punctures; scutum. 56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., IQ2O scutellum and mesepisternum shining with distinct separate punctures; median impressed lines on scutum foveolate; dorsal aspect of propodeum with large, distinct punctures and posteriorly with irregular raised lines in addition; posterior aspect of propodeum transversely stria to-punctate ; side of propodeum striato-punctate ; second abscissa of radius longer than the third; abdomen shining with a few widely scattered punctures; pygidium flat. Black; mandibles except apices, clypeus, inner orbits to emargination, two spots between antennae, scape beneath, anterior (slightly interrupted medianly) and posterior margins of pronotum, tegulae, small lateral and a large median spot on scutum, spot on scutellum and metanotum, large spot on anterior part of mesepisternum and a small posterior spot, spot on lateral angles of propodeum, apical band on tergites one to six inclusive (slightly narrowed medianly) and spots on sternites two to six inclusive, yellow; legs black, spots on coxae, four anterior legs beyond middle of femora and apical half of hind femora yellow; posterior tibiae and tarsi testaceous; wings hyaline with apices dusky; venation testaceous except in dusky area of wing where it is brownish; clothed with silvery hair which is especially dense on venter of thorax. In the paratype the hind tarsi are mostly yellow. Type locality. — Inverness, Florida. Described from two fe- males and two males collected by Charles Robertson and under his numbers 24949 (type), 24948 (allotype), 24987 and 25009. Type.— Cat. No. 22731, U. S. N. M. Elis propodealis, new species. In size and general appearance this species looks very much like E. quenquecincta (Fabricius), but can easily be distinguished from that species by the unsculptured sides of the propodeum, the bipunctate pronotum, etc. Female. — Length, 20 mm. Clypeus ridged medianly, the surface with large sometimes confluent punctures, anterior margin rounded; front shining with large sometimes confluent punctures; frontal furrow deep and distinct, ex- tending half the distance to the anterior ocellus; postocellar line not quite twice as long as the ocellocular line; vertex shining and with large, separate, distinct punctures; temples with smaller and fewer punctures; dorsal aspect of pronotum and the scutum bipunctate; scutellum with large punctures dorsally but small close ones laterally; dorsal and posterior aspect of pro- podeum subopaque, the dorsal basal middle with a few large, shallow punc- tures, the top of the posterior aspect with one or two transverse rugae; sides of pronotum with fine, close, curved striae; mesepisternum shining, with large, distinct punctures; sides of propodeum shining, without distinct sculpture; abdomen shining; pygidium with uniform striae, the apical margin slightly produced medianly. Black; mandibles (except apices), trophi, apical part PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., IQ2O 57 of clypeus, inner eye margins narrowly, a spot above each antenna, neck, spot on each anterior dorsal corner of pronotum, posterior margin of pro- notum narrowly, tegulae, spot on scutellum, metanotum medianly, spot on mesepisternum below tegula, elongate spot on posterior lateral angles of propodeum, a broad narrowly interrupted band on first tergite, lateral spots on second tergite, anterior margin of third, fourth and fifth tergites (emargin- ate posteriorly), and lateral spots on second, third and fourth sternites, yellow; legs black, dorsal and ventral spots on hind coxae, and more or less of apices of all the femora yellow; tibiae and tarsi yellowish ferrugineous; wings hyaline with a dusky tinge, the apical anterior margin distinctly dusky ; venation dark brown; hair yellowish. In the paratype there are the following additional yellow marks : a small spot above the tegula, a spot on posterior margin of mes- episternum, a spot on side of propodeum, most of four posterior femora, dorsal aspect of metapleurae. Type locality. — Inverness, Florida. One female collected by Charles Robertson and under his number 25052. One fema1e from Virginia Beach, Va., collected Aug. 31, 1903, by E. S. G. Titus. Type.— Cat. No. 22611, U. S. N. M. Lindenius robertsoni, new species. Because of the simple mandibles this species runs directly to Lindenius in Ashmead's classification and placing generic impor- tance on this character would make it necessary to place it there. In Fox's arrangement, however, the species runs best to planipes Fox but differs from that species in many important characters. The species is excluded from "group pinguis" as defined by Fox in the flattened fore tarsi and absence of a pygidium. It seems very likely that the males of Lindenius, as defined by having the mandibles simple at apex, will possess a wider range of characters than allowed in the definition of this group by Fox. Male. — Length, 4.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus armed with four obtuse teeth of nearly equal size; shortest distance between the eyes about two- thirds the length of the scape; upper margin of the frontal depression defined by a sharp carina from the anterior ocellus; area immediately above the carina defining the frontal depression coarsely reticulate-punctured; supraorbital fovea obsolete; vertex and cheeks shining, almost without sculpture; occiput with a strong carina which is foveolate in front, cheeks not dentate ; scape somewhat flattened and broader apically; flagellum short, stout, about one and one-half times as long as scape, the first joint slightly produced apically beneath, second and third joints somewhat narrower so at first sight tin- flagellum seems emarginate at the base beneath, joints four and five slightly produced beneath; anterior margin of the pronotum carinate, not dentate laterally; prothoracic tuberculc carinate anteriorly so when seen from above 58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 it appears somewhat dentate; anterior margin of the scutum with a transverse- carina, two short median ridges anteriorly; scutum shining, with separate setigerous punctures; scutellum subshining, with a few longitudinal wrinkles; top of propodeum with large irregular areas defined by carinae, the median one the largest and trapezoidal in outline; posterior aspect of propodeum foveolate laterally, with a median elliptical-shaped fovea; sides of propodeum smooth, shining; mesoplurae smooth, shining; anterior tarsi strongly flattened;: calcaria of the hind tibiae stout, the longer one almost as long as the hind basitarsus; recurrent vein slightly before the middle of cubital cell; inter- cubitus joining radius its length from the stigma; abdomen smooth, shining, without a pygidium. Black; mandibles, scape beneath, spots on pronotum, tubercule, two spots before the scutellum, yellow; legs black, anterior legs below middle of femora, intermediate tibiae and tarsi, posterior tibiae except a spot within, and hind tarsi yellow; apex of abdomen rufous; wings hyaline; venation brown; head and thorax with silvery pubescence. Type locality. — Carlinville, Illinois. Described from two males collected by Charles Robertson and recorded under his numbers 22928 (type) and 22927. Type.— Cat. No. 22728, U. S. N. M. Anacrabro robertsoni, new species. Resembles A. ocellatus Packard but the markings are paler, the abdomen is less coarsely punctured and the mesonotum is opaque and more closely punctured. Female. — Length, 6 mm. Clypeus strongly convex medianly, the anterior margin slightly produced medianly; head subshining, with the usual fovea, and carinae the large punctures separate ; anterior dorsal margin of pronotum carina te, the lateral angles strong; scutum subopaque; closely confluently punctured on a granular surface; scutellum subshining with large separate, distinct punctures; propodeum with a row of large foveae on the dorsal sur- face, the posterior face with a median triangularly shaped area ; mesepsternum with separate, distinct punctures on a granular surface; sides of propodeum finely punctured ; abdomen shining, with well-separated small punctures, larger on the first becoming smaller apically until on the apical segments they are only setigerous pits; pygidium shining, one-fourth longer than the basal width, narrowly rounded apically, with large, separate punctures. Black; two small spots on the clypeus, submedian dorsal spots on pronotum, tuber- cles, metanotum, lateral spots on all the tergites, whitish; legs black, tibiae and base of tarsi esteriorly whitish; wings hyaline basally, brownish apically; venation black; body, especially the cheeks, with short silvery pile. Type locality. — Inverness, Florida. Described from one female collected by Chas. Robertson, for whom the species is named. Type.— Cat. No. 22612, U. S. N. M. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 59 Tachytes duplicatus, new species. Very close to T. calcaratus Fox and agrees with the type except as follows : T. calcaratus Fox. 1. Bristles of pygidium of a golden color and extending to lateral margin. 2. Pygidium more elongate and nar- rower apically. 3. Second abcissa of radius shorter than third. 4. Mesepisternum sparsely pilose, the pile grayish. 5. Abdominal bristles brownish. T. duplicatus, new species. 1. Bristles of pygidium reddish brown and not reaching lateral margin. 2. Pygidium shorter and the apex broader. 3. Second and third abcissae of radius subequal. 4. Mesepisternum densely pilose es- pecially on dorsal part of pre- pectus, the pile with a distinct golden tinge. 5. Abdominal bristles black. Type locality. — -Inverness, Florida. Described from one female collected by Charles Robertson and under his number 24981. Type—Cat. No. 22614, U. S. N. M. Tachytes pepticus var. floridanus, new variety. Male. — Length 10 mm. Differs from the typical form in having the scutum and scutellum shining and punctured (not opaque, finely granular and punc- tured); in the shining almost sculptureless sides of propodeum; in the rather narrower apical sternite; and in having the median projection of the clypeus more distinctly depressed. Type locality. — -Inverness, Florida. Described from one male collected by Charles Robertson and under his number 24824. Type.— Cat. No. 22730, U. S. N. M. A PROCTOTRYPID INQUILINE WITH FORMICA EXSECTOIDES FOREL. (HYM.). BY WM. M. MANN, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. On the Conduit Road, about three miles east of Great Falls, Maryland, is a very fine cluster of Formica exsectoides mounds. In October, 1919, Mr. J. C. Crawford and the writer made two collecting excursions to these and found a number of myrmeco- philous insects. On the surfaces of the nests two case-bearers, Coscinoptera sp., and a Pyralid moth were numerous, Myrme- 60 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL,. 22, NO. 3, MAR., 1920 cophila pergandei Scudd., Atheta impressipennis Bernh. and De- carthron stigmosum Lee. were taken and in addition the follow- ing undescribed Proctotrypid : Megaspilus crawfordi, sp. nov. Female.- — -Length, 2 mm. Head and thorax shining, finely punctate and with abundant white hairs. Eyes broadly oval, pilose; front of head impressed. Antennal scapes about as long as head including mandibles; first three flagellar joints subequal in length and a little longer and more slender than joints 4-9; terminal joint slightly shorter than the two preceding joints together, strongly compressed. Maxillary palpi four-jointed, the terminal joint distinctly longer than the others. Thorax nearly fiat above; scutellum flat and punctate similarly to remainder of thorax. Wings linear, extending to a point a little in front of middle of first abdominal segment. Legs slender. Abdomen smooth and very shining; first segment with three strong basal costal, about one- fifth as long as the segment ; apical portion of abdomen triangular and acum- inate and pointing upward at tip. Color, black; base of antennal scapes and legs brown with the femora and tibiae darker than the tarsi. Wings hyaline basally, strongly infuscated at tips. Host. — Formica exsectoides Forel. Described from two females taken in mounds of the host ant at Great Falls, Md. (October, 1919). Type— Cat. No. 22622, U. S. N. M. M. canadensis Ashmead, the most closely related species, differs at its more elongate abdomen, which at base has a series of ten costae, and the first segment is distinctly, though shallowly, punctate above. This is the first species of its genus to be recorded from ant nests in America, but a number of European species have been noted as myrmecophilous in habit. Actual date of publication March, 22 1920. VOL. 22 APRIL 1920 No. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BURKE, H. E. — COLLECTING SOME LITTLE KNOWN BUPRESTIDAE (COLEOPT) 72 CUSHMAN, R. A. — VIERECK'S FAMILY LABENIDAE WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF APECHONEURA (HYM., ICHNEUMONIDAE) .... 76 FOUTS, R. M. — SOME NEW PARASITES, WITH REMARKS ON THE GENUS PLATYGASTER (HYMENOPTERA) 61 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103. Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice- President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 APRIL, 1920 No. 4 SOME NEW PARASITES, WITH REMARKS ON THE GENUS PLATY- GASTER (HYMEN OPTERA). BY R. M. FOUTS. This paper contains descriptions of eight new species of Hymen- optera, from the United States, belonging to the superfamilies Serphidoidea and Mutilloidea. With the exception of a few paratypes, retained by the author, all of the type material is in the collection of the United States National Museum at Wash- ington, D. C. Superfamily SERPHIDOIDEA. Family Diapriidae. Trichopria parked, new species. Differs from flavipes Ashmead, to which it is most closely allied in having the antennal club 5- jointed instead of 4- jointed. Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Body slender; head globose, broad and strongly convex behind the eyes, smooth and shining; length of head below slightly greater than the length above; antennae clavate; pedicel as long as but con- siderably larger than the third joint; fourth, fifth and sixth joints subequal in length and width, the seventh a little wider than any one of these but no longer; club 5-jointed, the first joint globose, slightly longer than wide, second considerably larger and slightly longer than the first, third larger and slightly longer than the second, fourth a little longer and wider than the third, very little shorter than the fifth which is conical and narrower than the fourth; thorax as long as the abdomen, shining and impunctate; prothorax woolly; mesonotum without furrows, separated from the axillae which meet on the median line, by a fine suture; scutellum transverse-quadrate, non-carinated, feebly convex, with a small and shallow fovea at its base; propodeum as long as the scutellum, covered with silvery hairs and with a conical or tooth-like prominence basally; wings brownish, extending beyond the apex of the abdomen, margined with long cilia; subcostal nervure extending one-fourth the length of the wing from the base to the apex, reaching the costal margin and terminating in a small, triangular stigma; legs stout, hairy; femora and tibiae strongly clavate, the latter curved and narrowed proximally; abdomen oval, pointed at the apex, shining and impunctate; petiole longer than wide, distinctly longer than the propodeum, densely covered with long silvery 61 62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 hairs; second tergite oblong-oval, truncate, and higher at the base than the petiole, two-thirds the length of the entire abdomen; third and fourth ter- gites equally long, the third the widest; fifth tergite pointed, slightly trans- verse, with a brush of bristles at the apex, and a small, transverse fovea sub-apically. Black; antennae, except last four joints and half of the eighth, palpi, and legs brownish yellow; mandibles rufous; pubescence white. Male. — Length 1.2 mm. Differs from the female in several minor particu- lars; the scutellar fovea is much deeper and wider; the propodeal projection is less prominent; the antennae are long, verticillate, and composed of four- teen joints; pedicel ovate, shorter, but wider than the third joint; third joint slender, pediculate at the base; fourth strongly curved, pediculate basally, its distal margin oblique and joined to the fifth at its inner apical angle; funicular joints 5-13 nodose, verticillate, pediculate basally, subequal in length and width; penultimate joint ovate, a little shorter than the twelfth, and a little shorter but distinctly larger than the fourteenth, which is slender and conical. Type locality. — Williamsport, Maryland. Type.— Cat. No. 22794, U. S. N. M. Eleven specimens, ten females and one male, from Williamsport, Maryland, reared by Mr. H. L. Parker, October 7, 1916, from a Dipterous pupa, and recorded in the Bureau of Entomology under Accession No. 14554. Two paratypes retained by the author. Trichopria marylandica, new species. Differs from all the forms at present described from North America in having the last four funicle joints broadly transverse and the penultimate joint of the club as long as the terminal joint of the antennae. Female.— Length 1.25 mm. Head transverse, the very prominent frontal ridge causing it to appear globose; shining and impunctate; not very full behind the eyes, viewed from in front nearly circular, slightly pointed at the mouth; frontal ridge prominent, thin and transparent, pointed medially at the apex, the deep depression behind divided by a median carina ; face below ledge flat and smooth; clypeus truncate apically, rounded posteriorly, the lateral angles sharp but inconspicuous; ocelli arranged in a low triangle, very distant from the eyes; vertex rounded; occiput margined; antennae stout, longer than the head and thorax combined; scape stout, extending beyond the ocelli, concave below, as long as the next five joints combined; pedicel cylindrical, a little longer than the third joint, longer than wide, slightly narrower than the scape; third antennal joint conical, as wide at the apex as the pedicel; fourth joint quadrate, a little shorter and narrower than the third, subequal to the fifth; sixth, seventh, and eighth funicle joints, wider, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O 63 broadly transverse, subtriangular; ninth as wide as the eighth, half as long as the first club joint ; club 3-jointed, first as long as the pedicel but distinctly wider, nearly circular in outline; second oblong, longer than wide, as wide as the scape, as long and as wide as the last; last club joint ovate, bluntly pointed; thorax oblong, truncate anteriorly, narrower than the head, slightly shorter than the abdomen; pronotum rather prominent, bluntly angled laterally, without pubescence; mesonotum wider than long, rounded anteriorly, trun- cate posteriorly, polished and impunctate; notauli absent; scutellum circu- lar, with a broad, shallow fovea at its base; pleura smooth, impunctate; pro- podeum short, a little longer than the scutellum, covered with silvery hairs only laterally, produced above into two broad, tongue-like plates which extend entirely over the first tergite, the space between them twice as long as wide, truncate anteriorly ; wings hyaline, subcostal nervure extending only one-sixth of the length of the wings from the base ; abdomen oblong, abruptly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; not quite twice as long as wide, feebly convex above; first tergite scarcely visible under the propodeal lamellae, transverse, covered with long silvery hairs; second tergite very large, as long or nearly as the entire thorax, smooth and impunctate, with a few short white hairs scattered over it and with a row of white hairs across it subapically; third, fourth, and fifth tergites subequal, much wider than long; last tergites triangular, bluntly pointed, as long as the fifth ; ovipositor exserted, the sheath stout. Brown; head and abdomen fuscous, the legs yellowish. Male. — -Length 1 mm. Differs from the female principally in sexual char- acters. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, filiform and cov- ered with short hairs; pedicel a little longer than wide, oblong; third antennal joint slightly wider than pedicel, as wide as the scape, conical; fourth as long as the third and the pedicel together, as thick as the scape, deeply emarginate below; fifth quadrate, as long as, but slightly wider than the sixth; joints 7-14 moniliform, slightly transverse; last joint a little longer than the pre- ceding, obconical; tongue-shaped processes of propodeum shorter than in the female, reaching only to the middle of the first segment of the abdomen; abdomen as long as the thorax, truncate apically; head and thorax darker than in the female. Type locality. — Hagerstown, Maryland. Type.— Cat. No. 22795, U. S. N. M. Described from four specimens, three females and one male, reared by Mr. H. L. Parker, July 31, 1915, from a dipterous pupa, and recorded in the Bureau of Entomology under Accession No. 12003. One paratype retained by the author. The allotype presents a rather curious aberration in that the antennae differ from one another. In the normal antenna, joints seven and eight are separated as usual, but in the other, joints seven and eight are united and only partially divided by a lateral incision. It should also be mentioned that this is the first species 64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O to be described from North America having the peculiar process on the propodeum. Family Scelionidae. Hadronotus parkeri, new species. Runs in Brues' key to the species of Hadronotus (Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 8, No. 1, p. 47, 1910) to largi Ashmead, but differs from that species in its darker coloration. The scape in largi is entirely yellow, in parkeri, yellow only basally. Female. — Length 0.8 to 1 mm. Head transverse, slightly wider than the thorax but not as wide as the abdomen, excavated behind, the vertex sub- acute; face finely striate, margined above, with a short, triangular projec- tion extending over and between the base of the antennae; antennae 12- jointed; scape as long as club but not as thick, curved outwardly; pedicel as long as the next two joints united and inconspicuously thicker; third joint of the same width as the next two, and as long as wide ; fourth, fifth, and sixth antennal joints transverse, subequal in length and in width and all shorter than the third; club 6-jointed; first club joint broadly transverse, wider than the preceding funicle joints, button-shaped; second distinctly longer and wider than the first; third of the same width as the next two, a little wider than the second; fourth and fifth equal in length and width, as wide as the third but a little longer; last joint as long as club joints one and two com- bined, conical ; thorax rounded, much shorter than the abdomen, shagreened, covered with short, recumbent white hairs; pronotum visible as a line from above; mesonotum without furrows, shagreened; scutellum broadly trans- verse, semicircular, the apical edge impunctate and separated off by a row of punctures; postscutellum with a short triangular projection; propodeum with an anterior transverse carina curving downward medially and laterally, prominent at the angles but fading away in the middle; abdomen as long as the head and thorax together, broadly oval, not much longer than wide; first tergite over three times as wide as long, longitudinally striate, margined anteriorly by a prominent curved carina; second tergite one-fourth longer than the first, longitudinally striate on basal three-fourths and shagreened apically; third tergite half as long as the second, and the next three sha- greened ; wings tinged with fuscous. Black ; legs, except all coxae, trochanters, and femora of front legs, brownish yellow; antennae piceous brown, the antennal bulb, base of scape, and extreme apex of pedicel yellow; mandibles yellow. Male. — -Length 0.85 mm. Differs from the female in the structure of the antennae. Antennae filiform, pedicel as long as last joint of antennae, conical, rounded distally, as wide as the fourth joint; third joint oval, a little thicker and shorter than the pedicel; fourth joint a little longer than wide, about as long as third; fifth joint broadly transverse, much wider than the third but no longer than the fourth; joints 6-11 transverse-quadrate, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O 65 subequal, as wide but a little longer than joint five; last joint as wide as the penultimate, obconical. Type locality. — Hagerstown, Maryland. Type.— Cat. No. 22796, U. S. N. M. Described from seven females and one male reared by Mr. H. L. Parker, September 15, 1916, from Heteropterous eggs, and recorded in the Bureau of Entomology under Accession No. 14410. Two paratypes retained by the author. Trissolcus edessae, new species. Differs from brachymenae Ashmead in its greater size, more slender body, and the coarser sculpture of the face. It may be distinguished from the rest of the described species from North America, with the exception of rufiscapus Ashmead, from which it differs in the sculpture of the scutellum, by its entirely yellow scape. Female.- — Length 1.75 mm. Head very little wider than the thorax, broadly transverse; face shagreened, covered on the sides with great scattered punctures, with a short truncate projection extending over the bases of the antennae; cheeks uniformly roughly shagreened; scape as long as the club, curved; pedicel as long as the third joint, longer than the fourth and fifth united, and twice as long as wide; fourth and fifth antennal joints broadly transverse; sixth joint forming part of the club, broadly transverse; thorax circular as seen from above; mesonotum roughly shagreened, with notauli distinct for nearly one-half its length and with a delicate median carina, which although very faint anteriorly, extends its entire length; scutellum shining, impunctate; mesopleura impunctate, smooth and shining; abdomen oval, slightly pointed posteriorly; first tergite shining, about four times as wide as long, traversed longitudinally by deep striae; second tergite im- punctate, shining, very shortly striated basally; third a little shorter than fourth and fifth united, the latter two equal in length; sixth broadly trian- gular, as long as the fifth; tergites 3-6 shagreened, with a row of punctures across them; sixth faintly shagreened but without a distinct row of punc- tures across it; wings hyaline, extending beyond the apex of the abdomen. Black; first six joints of the antennae and all of legs except coxae, yellow; mandibles very faintly tinged with red at their apices; nervures pale yellow. Type locality. — New Orleans, Louisiana. Type.— Cat. No. 22797, U. S. N. M. Seven specimens, all females, from New Orleans, Louisiana, reared by Mr. C. E. Smith, July 23, 1919, from the eggs of Edessa bifida Say, and recorded in the Bureau of Entomology under Chittenden No. 6065° '. One paratype retained by the author. 66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 Paridris brevipennis, new species. Differs from laeviceps Ashmead in having the body lighter col- ored and the wings shorter than the abdomen. Female. — Length 2 mm. Head transverse-quadrate, broad and convex behind the eyes, slightly wider than high as viewed from the front, excavated behind, shagreened, except lower part of cheeks, middle of face just above the insertion of the antennae, and a space just above each mandible, the for- mer two areas polished, impunctate, the latter striate, the striae converging toward the base of the mandible; lateral ocelli equidistant from eye-margin and anterior ocellus; occiput margined; cheeks immargined; clypeus trans- versely linear, broadly and shallowly emarginate apically, the lateral angles sharp, dentiform; mandibles large, strong, bidentate, the upper tooth the longer; base of antennae partially covered by a curved plate; antennae 12- jointed; scape slightly longer than the club and nearly as wide, not notice- ably curved; pedicel conical, a little shorter than, but just as wide as the first funicle joint, less than twice as long as wide at its apex; first funicle joint as long as joints two and three united, of the same width as the second; second funicle joint as long as the next two united, globose, a little longer than wide; third and fourth funicle joints small, transverse, subequal in length and width; club cylindrical, composed of six joints, the first subtri- angular and transverse ; second a little wider ; third twice as wide as long and a little longer than the second; fourth of the same length and width as second; fifth as long as third but a little narrower; sixth slightly the longest, obconical, rounded apically; thorax obovate, rounded in front, at the tegulae as wide as the head; mesonotum shagreened; notuli distinct only basally; anterior half of episternum, sternum, and posterior border of pronotum strongly punctate; posterior half of episternum and epimeron polished and impunc- tate; scutellum twice as wide as long, separated from the mesonotum by a row of deep punctures and with a free apical edge separated off by a row of punctures; postscutellum extending over the propodeum in the form of a plate, three times as wide as long and one-third the length of the scutellum, margined apically, with regular longitudinal striae placed about twice their width apart; propodeum hollowed out, to receive the abdominal horn, the lateral edges sharp, forming a shelf over the rest of the propodeum; lateral face with a smooth, impunctate area; area just above hind coxae rugose; abdomen longer than head and thorax united, broad, spatulate, but rather sharply pointed apically; first tergite longer than wide, striato-punctate, the horn as high as the postscutellum when the abdomen is extended; second tergite about as long as the first, strongly longitudinally striate, its sides oblique, the apical edge one-third longer than the anterior; third tergite slightly wider than long, distinctly longer than the second, its sides parallel, shagreened subapically and sublaterally, and covered sparsely with white hairs, the rest of the surface smooth, impunctate; fourth tergite two and one-half times as wide as long, nearly as long as the two following, sparsely punctate, and covered with long white hairs as are also the two following PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 67 tergites; fifth tergite two-thirds the length of the fourth and more coarsely punctate than the fourth, nearly three times wider than long; sixth tergite obtusely pointed, shagreened, half as long as the fourth; first sternite rugose and hairy; second strongly longitudinally striate, not hairy, third smooth, impunctate, sparsely covered with whitish hairs, fourth and fifth punctate, hairy, sixth shagreened, as hairy as the two preceding segments; wings hyaline, covered with cilia. Black; base of scape, mandibles, and legs, rufous; apex of scape, pedicel, and last tarsal joints fuscous. Male. — Length 2 mm. Differs very little from female except in sexual characters. The antennae are 12-jointed, filiform; pedicel small, about three- fourths the length of the first funicle joint and of almost the same width; first and third funicle joints of equal length and width but the latter incised basally, seeming to appear curved, these two joints the thickest and longest in the flagellum with the exception of the terminal one, which is as long but narrower; flagellar joints 4-10 subequal, cylindrical, hairy, the last obconic, as long as the third. Type locality. — Brookings, South Dakota. Other localities. — Capa, South Dakota. Type.— Cat. No. 22798, U. S. N. M. Described from one female and two males reared by Mr. Severin, from the eggs of Gryllus obbrematus Serville. The type and para- type are from Brookings, South Dakota; the allotype, from Capa, South Dakota. The latter bears the label "June 5, 1919." Family Platygasteridae. Genus Platygaster Latreiile. Platygaster Latreiile, Gen. Crust, et Ins., Vol. 4, 1809, p. 31. Polygnotus Foerster, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 108. Coelopelta Ashmead, Bull. 45, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 289. Hypocampsis (Foerster) Ashmead, loc cit., p. 298. Polymecus (Foerster) Ashmead (in part), loc. cit., p. 277. Synopeas (Foerster) Ashmead (in part), loc. cit., p. 285. Anopedias (Foerster) Ashmead (in part), loc. cit., p. 290. Ashmead in his "Monograph of the North American Procto- trypidae," has apparently exactly transposed the definition of the two genera Platygaster and Polygnotus as defined by Foerster. Species placed by him in Platygaster are those having a distinct sculpture, well developed parapsidal grooves, and a rather thick head, and are similar in every way to striolatiis Nees, type of the genus Polygnotus. Ashmead's species of Polygnotus, on the other hand, are those in which the sculpture is weak or indistinct, the parapsidal grooves poorly developed or absent, and the head 68 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 usually more transverse. These are the characters assigned to Platygaster by Foerster. No specimens of Platygaster ruficornis Latreille, type of the genus Platygaster, have been seen by the writer but it seems certain that Ashmead 's species of Polygnotus are typical Platygaster. Certainly they are if Foerster's inter- pretation of Latreille's genus is correct. The genus Platygaster as limited by Foerster is, in the opinion of the writer, too narrow and excludes many forms which cannot properly be placed in any other genus. All of the characters given by Foerster for separation of Platygaster and Polygnotus are purely relative. Study of a large amount of material in the National collection shows that there is such a perfect intergrada- tion of all these characters that no line can be drawn which will satisfactorily separate the two genera. Typical forms of the two groups are not difficult to recognize, but in the American fauna there are a large number of intermediate forms, which may as well be placed in one group as the other. The writer is, therefore, of the opinion that the two genera should be synonymized. The genus Coelopelta Ashmead, having as type the West Indian species mirabilis Ashmead, is founded upon a single imperfect specimen in which the scutellum is caved in from above, giving it a cupuliform appearance. It is true Platygaster belonging to the group in which the head is thin antero-posteriorly and the sculp- ture indistinct. The writer would also place in Platygaster those species having the scutellum unarmed which were included by Ashmead in the genus Polymecus. Except in the more or less elongate abdomen these species do not differ from typical Platygasters, and since there are all degrees of elongation of the abdomen, the character is unreliable and impracticable for generic separation. Certain other species described by Ashmead in the genera Synopeas, Hypocampsis, and Anopedias respectively, are in the writer's opinion, wrongly placed and belong in Platygaster. Besides the species of Polygnotus and Coelopelta described by Ashmead, the following species should be transferred to Platy- gaster : Polymecus canadensis Ashmead. Polymecus americanus Ashmead. Polymecus pallipes Ashmead. Polymecus nigrifemur Ashmead. Polymecus vancouverensis Ashmead Polymecus lupinicola Ashmead. Polymecus picipes Ashmead. Polymecus melliscapus Ashmead. Polymecus compressiventris Ashmead. Polymecus alnicola Ashmead. Synopeas antennariae Ashmead. Synopeas melanoceras Ashmead. Anopedias pentatomus Ashmead. Hypocampsis pluto Ashmead. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O 69 The genus Platygaster as limited by the writer may be separated from the other genera of Platygasteridae by the following de- scription : Head broadly transverse to subquadrate ; face with a truncate or emargin- ate projection between the antennae; lateral ocelli remote from the eye mar- gin; mandibles bidentate, the teeth approximately equal; antennae in female clavate, gradually increasing in thickness toward tip, the third joint shorter and narrower than the fourth ; antennae in the male filiform ; fourth antennal joint as long as or longer than the pedicel, not connate with the third which is shorter and usually narrower than the fourth; thorax short to moderately elongate, the notauli either absent, incomplete, or complete; scutellum con- vex, more or less transverse or semicircular, unarmed, and either margined or immargined laterally; propodeum short, with two parallel, median, longi- tudinally elevated carinae; wings pubescent, cilia te at the margins; abdomen in female as short as the thorax to several times as long as the head and thorax together, but always depressed, never compressed; abdomen in male about as long as the thorax; second tergite in both sexes with two more or less distinct basal foveae. Platygaster leguminicolae, new species. This species runs to mrginiensis in Ashmead's table to the species of Polygnotus (Monogr. Proctotrypidae, Bull. 45, U. S. N. M., 1893, p. 301), but differs from that species in the sculpture of the fourth tergite in the female and the color of the legs in the male. P. leguminicolae has the fourth tergite in the female strongly longitudinally striate, and the middle and posterior legs in the male black; while P. mrginiensis has the fourth tergite tra- versed by a row of punctures and the male with lighter colored legs. Female. — Length 1.5 mm. Head as wide as the thorax, broadly trans- verse; vertex transversely striate, not produced over the eyes; cheeks very finely striate; face shining, striate all over, but more coarsely so below, the striae converging to an indistinct longitudinal impression in the middle of the face; scape about as long as next four articles, curved and aciculate; club fusiformly developed, composed of five articles not well differentiated; pedicel of the same length as and a little wider than the next two articles; third joint small, two-thirds as long as and a little narrower than joint four which is subequal in length and width to joint five; sixth joint subconical, longer and larger than the fifth; joints seven, eight, and nine oblong, sub- equal, the last slightly longer and narrower, obconical; thorax ovoid, polished; notauli distinct on basal half of mesonotum; middle lobe of mesonotum ad- vanced close to the scutellum; propodeum bare, carina widely divided; legs black to brownish black; apices of anterior tibiae yellow; all the tarsi lighter colored than the other parts of the legs; abdomen broad and long, about as 70 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 wide as and longer than the thorax; first tergite longitudinally striate above, pubescent; second tergite with two striated foveae at the base, otherwise not sculptured, shining; third tergite a little shorter than the fourth, both impuinctate but with a row of hairs across them; fifth tergite slightly longer than fourth, longitudinally striate; sixth as long as fifth, shining, not striate. Wings infuscated. Male. — Essentially the same as the female but with the following differ- ences: Flagellum filiform, hairy; joints 5-9 subequal in length and width, a little longer than wide; fourth joint twice as long as third, emarginate at base; abdomen broadly elliptical; third and fourth tergites subequal in length, the sixth about half as long as either and a little narrower than the fifth; all the tergites beyond the second with a transverse row of punctures. Type locality. — Forest Grove, Oregon. Type— Cat. No. 22799, U. S. N. M. Twenty females and nine males reared August 28, 1916, from the clover seed midge (Dasyneura leguminicola Lintner) by G. W. Creel and recorded in the Bureau of Entomology under Webster No. 15000 and Forest Grove No. 16-38K. Nine paratypes re- tained by the author. Platygaster feltii, new species. This species is most closely allied to alnicola Ashmead and tumidus Ashmead. From the former it may be distinguished by the presence of a broad transverse furrow on the first tergite, and from the latter by the very faint striation on the vertex. Female. — Length 1.2 mm. Head seen from above broadly transverse, one and one-half times as wide as long as viewed from in front, smooth and shin- ing, impunctate, finely striate on the vertex; lateral ocellar line equal to the ocellocular; antennae, when extended, reaching beyond the apex of the thorax, not distinctly clubbed; pedicel as long as next two joints and a little wider than the fourth, twice as wide as long; third joint slightly longer than wide, shorter and narrower than the fourth; fourth joint as long as sixth though considerably narrower, distinctly longer but no wider than the fifth; seventh, eighth, and ninth joints subequal in length and width, a little longer than wide; last joint longer, subconical, obtusely pointed; thorax smooth, pol- ished, impunctate; mesonotum faintly shagreened on the anterior half; notauli incomplete, traversing the basal half of the mesonotum; scutellum high, convex, nearly perpendicular anteriorly, sloping posteriorly; wings extending slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen; abdomen ovate-spatulate, as wide and as long as the thorax, narrowing gradually anteriorly; first ter- gite longitudinally coarsely striate, with a transverse impression across the middle and elevated anteriorly, less than twice as wide as long; second tergite longer than wide, with a slightly elevated rim across its base and with two PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O 71 longitudinal, striated foveae at its base on either side, the striae extending laterally to the middle of the segment; striae at the base of the second tergite between the foveae short but as deep as those on the first segment ; posterior half of second tergite and remaining segments smooth, neither striate nor punctured. Black; extreme base of scape, apex of front tibiae on the inside, and tarsi, yellowish; mandibles reddish brown; flagellum brown; wings slightly infuscated, more distinctly so toward their apices. One female paratype has the striations on the vertex slightly coarser, indi- cating that this character is probably of doubtful efficacy in separating the species of this difficult genus. The notauli are also subject to variation, as regards their depth and length; in some specimens they are deep to the middle of the mesonotum, in others they are very faintly indicated and do not extend quite to the middle of the mesonotum. Male. — length 1 mm. Eedicel one and one-half times as long as wide- broadly elliptical, as long and as wide as the fourth joint; the latter emargin- ate basally and acute as its outer apical angle; third joint button-shaped, less than half as long as the pedicel, as wide and a little more than half as long as the fifth joint; fifth joint transverse; slightly narrower than the sixth; joints 6-10 a little longer than wide, the last a little longer but less than twice as long as wide, ovate, acute at tip ; wings extending a little beyond the tip of the abdomen; abdomen as long as the thorax. Type locality.- — -Austin, Texas. Type.— Cat. No. 22800, U. S. N. M. Nine specimens, seven females and two males from Austin, Texas, reared by Dr. E. P. Felt, March 19, 1919, from the gall of Wolshomyia texana Felt on cedar. A male and a female para- type retained by the author. Superfamily MUTILLOIDEA. Family Bethylidae. Cephalonomia kiefferi, new species. Differs from nubilipennis Ashmead and utahensis Brues in having the wings hyaline, not infuscated. From hyalinipennis Ashmead it differs in having the head shorter, the space from the summit of the eyes to the top of the head being shorter than the length of the eyes. Female. — Length 2 mm. Body shining, the sculpture indistinct; head slightly longer than wide, rounded in front, more or less truncate behind, shagreened, nearly devoid of hairs; face feebly convex, shagreened, but with a few scattered punctures; eyes oval, their length slightly exceeding the distance from their upper margin to the top of the head; antennae a little 72 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 longer than the head ; pedicel as long as the two following joints united ; last joint about as long as the two preceding united, a little over twice as long as wide, pointed at tip; thorax in the middle as wide as the head, narrowed anteriorly and more or less truncate posteriorly; pronotum as long as the propodeum, moderately convex, finely shagreened, longer than the length of the mesonotum and scutellum combined ; mesonotum a little over twice as wide as long, nearly flat, shagreened; scutellum nearly flat, shagreened, with a curved cross-furrow at its base; propodeum shagreened, flat above, sharp laterally and angulate on each side before the apex; nearly perpendicularly declivous behind and with a longitudinal median carina which extends to, but not upon, the posterior face; anterior face of propodeum quadrate, pos- terior face a little wider than high; wings hyaline; prostigma nearly twice as wide as the parastigma; abdomen depressed, rather egg-shaped, broader than and about as long as the thorax, narrowed gradually posteriorly to the last segment which is triangular and much narrower than the preceding, not sharply pointed posteriorly. Black; mandibles, palpi, anterior tibiae, and all tarsi, yellow; antennae, except basal three-fourths of scape, middle and posterior tibiae, brownish yellow; tegulae, femora, base of scape, and abdomen dark brown. Male. — Length 1.5 mm. Differs from the female principally in sexual characters. Antennae longer than the thorax; pedicel wider than either, but distinctly shorter than the two following joints together; joints beyond the fourth slightly less than twice as long as wide; last joint a little over three times as long as wide, slightly shorter than the two preceding united, pointed apically; antennae fuscous, much darker than in the female; head and pro- notum reddish brown; abdomen shorter than the thorax. Type locality. — Wellington, Kansas. Type.— Cat. No. 22801, U. S. N. M. Described from five specimens, one female and four males, bred by Mr. E. G. Kelly from Calandra oryzae Linne. One paratype kept by the author. One male paratype has the antennae and mouthparts mounted on a slide; the rest of the head is lost. COLLECTING SOME LITTLE KNOWN BUPRESTIDAE (COLEOPT.). BY H. E. BURKE, Bureau of Entomology. Little known Buprestidae, like other "rare" insects, usually can be found in numbers if the seeker knows when and where to find them. Unlike many other insects, however, the majority of the Buprestidae spend most of their life under the bark or in the wood of trees and even where they are common it often means PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 73 patient seeking and hard work to get them. Some of the follow- ing species are considered the rarest of the American Buprestidae, yet specimens can be obtained almost every year if the seeker is willing to spend some time and hard work in the effort. To tell how, when and where to get specimens of these species is the object of this paper. Trachykele Mars. Taking the genus as a whole, the species of Trachykele are con- sidered as little known as any American Buprestidae. There are four named species, one southeastern and three western, and one apparently good unnamed one from the west. The beetles of all of the species transform from the pupae in the fall and remain in the pupal cells in the wood until spring before emerging. For this reason collecting from the wood will produce results over a much longer period than collecting by beating or chance collect- ing on the foliage or wood. T. lecontei Gory. This southeastern species has been taken in the bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) from Virginia to Louisiana. Blazes or other scars on the trunks of standing trees appear to be the best places to obtain it. Chop away the outer wood any time from early fall until late spring and the beetles should be found in the pupal cells beneath. Dr. A. D. Hopkins cut some specimens from the wood of drift logs on the ocean beach at Vir- ginia Beach, Va. The three named western species are found within a distance of five miles in some localities in the Sierras of California. One such locality is Strawberry on the Lincoln Highway in El Dorado County. T. blondeli Mars. This species, the type of the genus, has been found in a number of localities and hosts. At Strawberry it occurs in the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) at an elevation of from 5700 to 8000 ft. Many of the larvae after min- ing up and down in the wood of the trunks of small trees while feeding go into the branches to pupate. In fact this habit was so common that the writer had the best success collecting by trim- ming off all of the branches of about 1/z to 1 inch in diameter from the lower part of the trees. If a large mine was found in the center of a branch the branch was followed up until the beetle was found, which usually was within from !/2 an inch to 1 foot. The typical form of blondeli and several variations have been found in the San Francisco Bay region in the wood of the Mon- terey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa) and the Sargent cypress (C. sargentii). In the Sargent cypress groves on Cypress Ridge near San Geronimo, Marin County, golden or coppery margined 74 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 specimens have been found with the typical green ones. Most of these have been taken from the wood scars on the trunks of living trees. In western Oregon and western Washington, especially the lower Columbia River Basin, blondeli is found in the western red cedar or giant arbor vitae (Thuja plicatd) where it causes a good deal of damage to the timber. Scars on the trunks and tops of the standing trees are the best places to look for it. T. opulenta Fall. This close relative of blondeli appears to be confined to the Sierras at elevations of from 2000 to 6000 ft. It lives in the wood of the incense cedar (Libocedrus decurrens) and of the big tree (Sequoia washingtoniana] and sometimes in the thick bark of the latter. Stumps and scars on the trunks of standing trees produce the best results. As many as a dozen live beetles and many dead ones have been taken from a single scar. Good collecting grounds are found along the Lincoln High- way near Strawberry, El Dorado County, and in the Giant Forest of the Sequoia National Park. T. nimbosa Fall. Scars on the trunks and in the tops of the red fir (Abies magnified), the white fir (A. concolor) and the moun- tain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) are the best places to look for nimbosa. It is fairly common in the higher forests of El Dorado County and in the Sequoia National Park at elevations of from 5000 to 10000 ft. T. sp. Within the past year Mr. R. D. Hartman of the Forest Insect Laboratory, collected some large dark ashy-gray bronze beetles which appear to form a distinct new species of Trachykele. These were taken from the wood of the scarred trunks of the Sargent cypress near the Toll House, Mt. St. Helena Creek, Lake County, Calif. Buprestis Linn. B. gibbsii Lee. This is one of the rarest of the Buprestidae in collections. The specimens obtained by the writer were taken in Tuolumne County, Calif., along the old Sonora-Mono road near Confidence at elevations of from 4000 to 6000 ft., and at Onion Valley, El Dorado County at an elevation of 4500 ft. Mr. Albert Wagner, of the Pacific Forest Insect Station, took one specimen in southern Oregon at 2000 ft. This was depositing eggs in a crevice in the wood of a scar on the trunk of a living tree. All of the specimens cut from the wood were taken from the solid heartwood of old fire scars on the trunks of the black oak (Quercus calif ornica}. Many of the fire scarred trees have the heart eaten out by Termites. Usually the sap wood of the scars still remains and is heavily infested with Polycesta califor- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 75 nica Lee., but if the heart is gone there will be no gibbsii. The beetles of gibbsii transform in the spring and emerge before sum- mer so that the chopping for them should be done during May and June. So far as known the species confines itself to oak, in California apparently to the black oak. It was described from specimens collected in Washington State and there probably lives in the Garry oak (Q. garryana), which is the only oak native to that State. B. viridisuturalis Nicolay & Weiss. This apparently good species only recently named has been mixed in many collections with gibbsii. It lives in the wood of various species of cotton - wood (Popidusfremontu, P. trichocarpa, P. deltoides) and the white alder (Alnus rhonibifolid) . Messrs. F. B. Herbert and R. D. Hartman, of the Forest Insect Laboratory, found the species fairly common at an elevation of 800 ft. near Three Rivers, Tulare County, on the road to the Sequoia National Park. Mr. Herbert also obtained specimens at Red Bluff, Tehama County, at an elevation of 300 ft. Like gibbsii this species appears to prefer heart wood, especially the heartwood of dead trees. Pupation and the transformation to the adult take place during the spring, so that the collecting for live beetles should be done during May and June. Specimens have been taken from southern Oregon to Southern California. B. confluenta Say. This, one of the most beautiful as well as rare species, is fairly common in the aspen (Populus tremuloides} forests near Lake Tahoe, Calif., at elevations of 5700-7500 ft. The beetles transform in the spring and may be chopped from their cells in the wood of dead and down trees during June and July. Specimens have been found in the aspen and cottonwood (P. deltoides} in Utah and Colorado. Chrysophana Lee. C. placida Lee. This small woodborer, while rather rare in collections, is common in many of the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Slope forests. In El Dorado County, Calif., the beetles are found at all elevations from 1500 to 7500 ft. and in practically all of the coniferous trees except the cedar and juniper. The wood of the lower suppressed limbs, scars and dead stubs produced many specimens. Around the San Francisco Bay region and in southern Oregon it is common in the hard woody cones of the knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata). In Utah numerous specimens were cut from the wood of the trunks of fire-killed fir (Abies concolor). As the beetles transform in the 'fall they may be collected from the wood or cones from the first of September until the first of June. 76 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 Acmaeodera Esch. This genus contains a number of species little represented in collections. Many of these seem confined to the chaparral for- ests of the arid and semiarid regions of the southwest. All appear to transform in the fall and to remain in the pupal cells in the wood until spring. The various species usually can be taken in fair numbers during the winter months from the oaks (Quercus), wild lilacs (Ceanoihus), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus) , chem- ise (Adenostema) , cascara (Rhamnus) and similar shrubs which go to make up the brush forests. Patience and a good sharp hatchet will produce many fine specimens for the collection. Collecting from the wood is not so easy as beating and not so much territory can be covered, but the results are surer. If the first tree does not produce results, try, try again, not only another tree but another locality and success is assured as skill develops. The most important point in this method of collecting is that once the host of a species is determined the usually desired addi- tional specimens can be obtained with much more certainty when wanted. Also, along with the specimens, one obtains many fine observations on the life histories. Very often much time can be saved by searching out the trees which show emergence holes instead of chopping into every scar. Most of the woodborers live for several years in the wood and usually all of the beetles of the same brood do not emerge the same year. VIERECK'S FAMILY LABENIDAE WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF APECHONEURA (HYM., ICHNEUMONIDAE.) BY R. A. CUSHMAN, Bureau of Entomology. In a paper published in the January number of the current (1920) volume of Entomological News, H. L. Viereck erects the new Ichneumonid family Labenidae, based on the single char- acter of the high insertion of the abdomen on the propodeum. In this family he includes the genera Labena Cresson and Psilo- paria (new genus) and "possibly Apechoneura Kriechbaumer," and excludes Grotea Cresson. The last named genus except in the position of the abdomen is obviously more closely related to Labena than to any other Ichneumonid genus. There can be no doubt that the new genus is synonymous with Apechoneura Kriechbaumer; the genotype is certainly congeneric with Apecho- neura longicauda Kriechbaumer, which is represented in the National Collection bv a female from Colombia. Certonotus PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 77 Kriechbaumer is obviously the Australian and Oriental proto- type of Apechoneura. In the position of the abdomen Apechoneura is more like Labena, in fact, in some species at least, is more extreme in this respect than is Labena ; but in the general form of the body, especially of the abdomen, it is exceedingly like the Rhyssini. The position of the abdomen in Labena is subject to an appre- ciable degree of variation within a species. Five specimens of Labena grallator measured with a micrometer showed a variation in the distance of the lower margin of the abdominal foramen above the upper margin of the coxal foramen compared with the dorsal length of the propodeum of from 1 : 3.7 to 1 : 6.2. It should be noted that the Rhyssini have the abdomen inserted somewhat higher than is common among the Ichneimonidae, and it is not especially remarkable that one or more genera should go to the extreme in this respect. The occurrence of such extreme characters as this in two or more groups is not particularly rare. As examples may be cited the toothed hind femora of Odontomerus and Prislomerus, genera not at all closely related to each other but closely related to other genera without toothed femora; the carapace form of abdomen which occurs in several widely separated places in the Braconidae and Ichneu- monidae ; the strongly convergent eyes found in widely separated genera of Ichneumonidae; and the wingless and ant like form of the female in the Gelini and in the Stilpinine genera Thaumatotypus and Thaumatotypidea. The general shape of the head is perhaps more like that of the Labenini, especially Grotea, but the resemblance is largely super- ficial, for the clypeus and the immargined occiput are Rhyssine and the position of the junction of the occipital and gular carinae is more nearly that of the Rhyssini than that of the Labenini. The tooth on the lower posterior side of the head is not homologous with that of Grotea, for while in Grotea it is formed at the junction of the two carinae, in Apechoneura it is in the area between the carinae. Apechoneura has the mesoscutum and scutellum distinctly Rhyssine in character, while those sclerites in Grotea are very similar to those of Labena. The venation of the wings in Apechoneura has some features in common with both the Labenini and the Rhyssini. The form of the areolet is about midway between Labena and Megarhyssa. According to Morley's key1 at least one of the species of Apecho- neura has the discoidella originating almost at the top of nervellus 1 Rev. Ichn., Part II, 1913, p. 23. 78 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, 1920 (this is very close to the condition of the Rhyssini) while most of them have it originating far out on the cubitella. In Labena and Grotea it is not far above the middle of nervellus. In having the epipleura broad and concealing the sternites Apechoneura resembles Labena and Grotea. To the writer it seems that the preponderance of the characters allies Apechoneura with the Rhyssini and Grotea with the Labenini, while the former, by the few characters in which it resembles the Labenini, merely shows the relationship of the two tribes to each other and emphasizes the Ichneumonine affinities of the Labenini, and that the family Labenidae is not well founded. Genus Apechoneura Kriechbaumer. Apechoneura Kriechbaumer, Ann. k. k. naturh, Hofmus. Wien., Vol. 5, 1890, p. 485. Psiloparia Viereck, Ent. News, Vol. 31, 1920, p. 17. The following additional characters of the female are of im- portance : Occipital carina curving forward below and joining the gular carina nearly at the base of the mandibles, the space between the carinae armed with a tooth posteriorly; face convexly elevated, above level of eye-margins, coarsely pitted; pronotum with a flange-like carina at about the middle of its upper lateral margin, tegulae oblong; propodeum with only the five basal areas completely defined, the only carinae developed behind the basal being the lateral longitudinal; the true ninth tergite (i. e., counting the propodeum as the first) nearly completely divided medially and prolonged at the sides into long acute lobes, the tenth not completely fused with it but lying between the prolongations of the ninth as a weakly chitinized, trowel-shaped flap. (See Fig. 1 c, d, and e.) The last character is most curious and not possessed, so far as the writer is aware, by any other Ichneumonid. It furnishes good specific characters. Apechoneura tricolor, new species. Closely related to (Psiloparia) Apechoneura maculata (Viereck), from the description of which it differs principally in color of body and of appendages. Does not agree with the description of any of the thirteen species tabulated by Morley (loc. cit.). Female. — Length 16 mm.; antennae 12.5 mm.; ovipositor 15.5 mm. Head subglobose, the cheeks very broad, tooth between occipital and genal carinae very small and acute; face about as long as wide at top, narrowed PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O 79 below, densely pitted; elevated above level of orbits; clypeus barely half as long as wide, divided transversely by a sharp carina, truncate at apex, mostly smooth, separated from face by a deep groove which extends laterally and dorsally to the eye margin; sides of frons sculptured like the face; head otherwise polished. Thorax polished; scutellum with a few transverse welts rather than rugose; post-scutellum with a transverse carina; propodeum with the apical carina and the median carinae beyond the basal missing, basal median area concave, wider than long, rounded behind; spiracles slit-like, curved, ditected backward ; metapleurum with a distinct triangular tooth just in front of middle coxa; hind coxa with a prominent flange-like projec- tion below at base; areolet narrowly sessile, quadrangular, the second inter- cubitus forming its longest side; discoidella originating from cubite'lla nearly midway between nervellus and intercubitella. Abdomen with basal seg- ments polished; apical segments with dense, short, appressed pubescence; first tergite more than three times as long as wide at apex, the spiracles slightly beyond the middle; second tergite shorter than third, hardly twice as long as wide, its sides parallel; third slightly more than twice as long as wide; third to fifth slightly emarginate at apex; sixth not at all emarginate; --sh Fig. 1. Apex of abdomen of Rhyssa and Apechoneura. a — -Lateral view of Rhyssa persuasoria (Linne). b — -Dorsal view of same, c — Lateral view of Apechoneura longicanda Kriechbaumer. d — Dorsal view of same, e — Dorsal view of Apechoneura tricolor Cushman. ?T-ioT = Seventh to tenth tergites; 05 = ninth sternite; c = cerci; o = ovipositor ; 5^ = sheath of ovipositor; sp = spiracle; st = fused suture between ninth and tenth tergites. 80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 4, APRIL, IQ2O seventh incised nearly to base; eighth tergite (true ninth) with its lateral extensions obtuse at apex and reaching barely beyond the tenth. Yellow, mahogany red, and black ; head yellow with the frons and occiput partly red ; apices of mandibles and antennae black, scape red above, blackish within and narrowly yellow at apex, flagellum reddish at base and with a white annulus near apex, thorax yellow with the sutures, a large spot on each side of the mesoscutum confluent before and behind, prepectus ventrally, an irregular spot on mesopleurum, basal areas of propodeum, and a stripe below insertion of abdomen red more or less mixed or margined with black; front and middle legs yellow, their femora largely red behind ; front tibia and tarsus beneath, middle tibia behind with an interruption near base and the tarsus except narrow apices of first four joints black; hind coxae red with elongate yellow spots above and below; trochanter yellow with a piceous mark above, second joint entirely piceous; hind femur red, piceous at extreme base, the piceous color followed outside by a fringe of yellow and inside by a distinct yellow spot; hind tibia black with a broad yellow sub-basal annulus, the tarsus black with a white annulus embracing joints 2-4 and apex of the first; tegulae yellow with an apical red spot; wings byaline, apex infumate, venation nearly black; tergites largely red, the red more or less margined with blackish; median longitudinal stripe the whole length of the first ter- gite, an apical median spot on second, V-shaped marks, on third and fourth, oblique lateral marks on fifth, apical lateral marks on sixth and seventh, and the ventral margins of sixth to eighth yellow; tergites 3 to 7 with median apical blackish spots; epipleura yellow with longitudinal blackish marks on second to fifth; ovipositor sheath with a subapical white annulus. Type locality. — San Bernardino, Paraguay. Type.— Cat. No. 22817, U. S. N. M. One specimen collected by K. Fiebrig. Actual date of publication April IQ, 1920. VOL. 22 MAY 1920 No. 5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BAKER, A. C., AND MOLES, M. L. — A NEW SPECIES OF ALEYRODIDAE FOUND ox AZALLA (HOM.) 81 CAUDELL, A. N. — ZORAPTERA NOT AN APTEROUS ORDER 84 CRAIGHEAD, F. C. — DIRECT SUNLIGHT AS A FACTOR IN FOREST INSECT CONTROL 106 CRAMPTON, G. C. — SOME ANATOMICAL DETAILS OF THE REMARKABLE WINGED ZORAPTERON, ZOROTYPUS HUBBARDIS CAUDELL, WITH NOTES ON ITS RELATIONSHIPS . . 98 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. 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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 MAY, 1920 No. 5 A NEW SPECIES OF ALEYRODIDAE FOUND ON AZALEA. (HOM.i BY A. C. BAKER AND M. I,. MOLES, Bureau of Entomology. During the past ten years, plant quarantine inspectors have frequently found this species of Aleyrodes on foreign shipments of azalea. Plants from Belgium and Holland have been the only ones affected up until last year, but in November, 1919, the same species was found on plants shipped in from Japan. Though the species appears to be common in these countries it apparently has been left undescribed, and because of its frequency on im- ported plants it was thought best to describe and figure it here. The insect is not abundant on the host, only four or five pupa cases being found to a leaf, nor does it seem to be injurious at this time. The species was first intercepted in this country by Inspector Francis \Vendle in Philadelphia, October 15, 1910, and in Novem- ber of the same year it was found on imported plants in Wash- ington, D. C. In the year 1913, it was found on foreign ship- ments by B. H. Walden near New Haven, Conn., and again at Cromwell, Conn., by Q- S. Lowry, and in October, 1913, it was found by \Y. P. Flint at Beardstown, 111. C. E. Temple found it on foreign stock February, 1915, at Baltimore, Md., and in 191() it was found in Gainesville, Florida by E. \V. Berger. The collections for the year 1916 were all from plants which had been inspected by Federal workers here in Washington, and the latest finding of this species on foreign plants was by Dr. S. I. Kuwana at San Francisco. Aleyrodes azaleae, n. sp. Baker and Moles. The first plants \\hich were infested with this ^peeies were received October 1"), I'M!) from Ghent, Belgium; other plants were sent from Boskoop, Holland, Nov. 11'. I'.MO; Ghent, Belgium, Oct. 24 and :;<), 1: Mellc, Belgium, Nov. 7, 1910, and again from Ghent, Belgium, Dec. 1."), Hilli; Boskoop, Holland, March 15, 1920, and Shiznoke, Japan, X«»v. lOlH. The pupa cases are light in color and without wax secretion of any sort. 81 PLATE PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22. BAKER AND MOLES— ALEYRODES AZALEAK PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 83 Pupa case. — Broadly elliptical in shape; size 0.84 mm. long, 0..~>4 mm. in width: color varies from a very light yellow to an orange yellow. The darker color is always found where the body contents show through; submarginal area lighter in color than the rest of the dorsum. Margin finely crenulate and evenly rounded at the apex, with sutures extending mesad from each tooth 0.016 mm. The thoracic tracheal comb consists of six small teeth, the caudal comb of nine teeth. Both the caudal and tracheal combs are made up of unchitinized and uncolored teeth and appear as indented portions of the margin with very small marginal teeth. Dorsum unmarked, with two small setae on the thorax; abdominal segments distinct. Vasiform orifice elongate, cordate in shape, the caudal floor of the orifice crossed with folds of the orifice membrane; operculum sub-cordate, filling one-half of the orifice, caudal margin blunt and rounded, cephalic margin straight; lingula, projecting beyond the operculum, setose, bi-lobccl and with one pair of setae arising at the margin of the caudal lobe; cephalad and laterad of the orifice are found two small setae. A pair of setae, 0.64 mm. in length, is found caudad of the vasiform orifice and on either side of the caudal tracheal comb. Adult female. — Color of body light yellow with legs and antennae lighter in color, wings immaculate, eyes dark brown. Length of body from vertex to tip of genitaha 0.99 mm.; length of fore-wing 1.12 mm., width 0.40 mm. Antennae seven jointed, Seg. Ill, 0.089 mm. with a fringed sensorium and a setae near the distal portion of the segment, Seg. IV, 0.026 mm. ; Seg. V, 0.028 mm.; Seg. VI. 0.039 mm.; Seg. VII, 0.033 mm. in length and with a slender distal setae. The venation of the wings is usual for Aleyrodes, the remnant of the media in the fore- wing is very faintly shown. Adult male. — The coloring of the male is the same as in the female. Length of body from vertex to tip of genitalia 0.92 mm.; wing measurements the same as in the female; genitalia long and slender, claspers upcurved, 0.10 mm. long, with two small and one large teeth on the inner margin near the tip. Only three or four spines present on the claspers; penis slender, up- curved, three-fourths as long as the claspers. Antennae seven jointed, Seg. Ill, 0.07 mm. long, with a sensorium and setae; Seg. IV, 0.02 mm.; Seg. V, 0.028 mm.; Seg. VI, 0.08(5 mm.; Seg. VII, 0.038 mm. in length, and with a distal slender setae. Type.— Cat. Xo. ±>«M>1> U. S. N. M. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 1 — Adult pupa case. '2 — Caudal tracheal comb of teeth. 3- -Thoracic tracheal comb of teeth. 4 — Margin of pupa case. ."> — Vasiform orifice. 6 — Forewing of adult female. 7 — Antennae of adult female. S Tarsus of adult. 9 — Adult claw. 10— Male genitalia. 84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, IQ2O ZORAPTERA NOT AN APTEROUS ORDER. BY A. N. CAUDELL, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The discovery of a winged form of a supposedly apterous order of insects is an event of importance in systematic entomology certainly well worth recording. The discovery of alated specimens of Zorotypus was made by Mr. H. S. Barber while collecting in Texas in the autumn of 1918. This unusually keen collector of the smaller and rarer forms of insect life was interested in the occurrence of /.orotypns within our borders, and when on a trip to Texas took the opportunity to see if specimens of this hitherto rare insect could be found in that vState. Unexpectedly good results rewarded the search, for on October 20th a colony of Zorotypus was located under the bark of a log and, in addition to numerous specimens of the ordinary apterous form, including various stages of both sexes, he secured eight alated adult specimens, all females, five of which had lost the wings, and three large nymphs with well developed wing- pads. The value and intense interest of this find were imme- diately apparent, and the material was generously transmitted to me, as was also other material comprising dealated adult fe- males collected later. These specimens, together with material collected in Florida in the spring of 1919 by Barber, Snyder and Wetmore form the basis of the present contribution to the knowl- edge of the Zoraptera. Dr. G. C. Crampton, the able student of insect morphology, spent a week in Washington studying the structural details of these interesting insects. The results of his studies appear in a paper on phylogeny which immediately follows this paper. The discussion of the morphological details given by Dr. Crampton supplements admirably the following general systematic discus- sion. The study of comparatively abundant material of /.orotypus comprising both winged and apterous specimens of two distinct species, gives a fair knowledge of this most interesting group. But future field observations and careful breeding will have to solve the many unworked problems, including that of the biology of the various forms. It is not even surely known if the life his- tory is a simple one, or if there are different casts, similar to Termites. However, it is assured that there are apterous as well as fully winged adults and it is almost equally sure that there are two forms of reproducing apterous individuals, and mayhap more. We have in the recently described species '/.. hubbardt] the following types of individuals: 1 Caudell, Can Knt. Vol. :>(). pp. :*7.">-.SXl (1918). PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, \O. 5, MAY, 1920 85 1. The fully winged chitinized adults with well developed eyes and ocelli, most specimens studied having lost the wings by shedding them in a manner similar to that in Termites. 2. A very slightly or barely chitinized nymph' with nine segmented anten- nae, similar to those of the adult, with eyes and ocelli situated subcutaneously and with wing-pads more or less developed. 3. Unchitinized apterous larvae without external eyes or ocelli, and possess- ing antennae with but eight segments, though otherwise similar to those of the adult. 4. A wingless, unchitinized form, without eyes or ocelli, and with 9-seg- mented antennae, the form described in my former paper as adults, and which they very surely are. In this case some of them certainly are nymphs cor- responding to form 2 of the winged phase as above enumerated. But it appears impossible to differentiate them, as they agree in all diagnostic character with the more mature adult form. The apterous, unchitinized larva of this type is also apparently inseparable from those of the winged phases. In /. snyderi, the new species herein characterized, we have the same forms as in hubbardi and in addition there is an apterous form, fully chitinized and superficially resembling the dealated chitinized adult of /. hubbardi, but differing in having neither eyes nor ocelli. The larvae and nymph are as in 7.. hubbard-i, the 9-segmented antennae of the latter indicating its stage of develop- ment. For the present, descriptive notes on these various types of the two species is all that can be given, leaving the future to reveal the biological relationships of the various forms. Z. hubbardi Caudell. In addition to the ten specimens in the lot discussed in the former paper, a total of over one hundred specimens has been examined in the preparation of the present treatment of '/.. hubbardi. The material represents collections from three localities in Texas and four in Florida. In Texas Mr. Bar- ber took three fully winged and five dealated aclult females, three nymphs of the alated form, thirty-five unchitinized apterous ad- ults and seven larva and nymphs under the bark of a liquidambar log near Jackson's Landing on Buffalo Bayou, about eight miles below Houston ; this was the first discovery of the winged form and • The term nymph is usually applied indiscriminately to the various stages of insects with incomplete metamorphosis, from the first stage after leaving the egg to that preceding maturity. But a separate term is sometimes needed to design-ale that stage of ;i winged insect's development when wing-pads first appear. This is especially desirable in the case of Zorotypus, where it is apparently in this stage of development that the antennae become nine- segmented, and the wing-pads appear. The term nymph, therefore, is used in the present paper for the immature stages succeeding the molt at which wing-pads appear, larvae being used for the sta^e- preceding that molt. 86 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 comprised the only specimens of /. hubbardi yet secured with the wings attached. The date of this initial find was October 20, 1918. A fortnight later, November oth, he collected additional dealated adults and apterous unchitinized specimens under the bark of a pine stump near Wallisville in Chambers County. He also secured a single apterous unchitinized adult female ten miles north of Liberty on November 20th. In Florida Mr. Barber took one adult and one nymph of the apterous form at Timm's Ham- mock, or Naranja, on February 24, 1919, and at the same place and date Mr. Alex. Wetmore took one dealated female of the alated form and one apterous adult form. On March 1st Mr. Wetmore collected again at this locality and took a number of apterous specimens. Mr. T. E. Snyder collected specimens of the apterous form in Florida at the following localities : Princeton, February 24th; Miama Beach, February 28th, and at Ortega, near Jacksonville, March 5th, all in 1919. Adult of Winged Form (Female, Male Unknown) (Figs. 1, 2.) The general appearance of the winged adult is very well repre- sented by Figs. 1 and 2, the latter depicting the lateral aspect of a dealated specimen. This winged form differs fundamentally from the apterous form in various ways; the head differs very little in shape from that of the apterous form, the apparent difference shown in Fig. 1, as compared with Fig. 4, being due to the different angles at which the head was viewed while being drawn. In the winged form, however, there are well developed and clearly fasceted eyes and three prominent ocelli, the latter situated in the form of an anter- iorly directed triangle, as shown in the illustrations; the ocelli are moderately protuberant, projecting noticeably beyond the level of the surrounding sur- face of the head. The eyes are large, the fascets visible under a moderately high magnification, and in alcoholic specimens usually appear as if surrounded by a whitish area of varying width; this light area, however, disappears almost entirely when the specimen is dried, and then is seen to form a part of the eye itself and not an area surrounding it. Fig. 2 was made from a specimen in spirits. The antennal structure is practically as in the apterous form, as is also the armature of the posterior femora, the form of the dorsal thoracic segments, however, as might be expected, differs very decidedly from that of apterous individuals, as shown by the figures. The whole insect is here quite heavily chitinized, the general color being blackish, a decided contrast to the scarcely chitinized whitish colored apterous specimens. The wings have a reduced venation quite different from that of allied or- ders of insects; the figured specimen shows the venation better than any description can portray it. The wings are evidently habitually shed, as in the Termites, as 15 of the 18 adult specimens examined "are dealated, only the stubs of the wings remaining. The fracture of the wing does not take place at PROC. EKT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 5, MAY, 1920 87 any definite point hut, so far as observed, always occurs at some point basad of the commencement of the veins, which is, as shown in Fig. 1, a short distance from the base of the wing. The wing stubs of dealated specimens appear like two paired projections, the membrane between the costal and anal marginal stubs being visible only on close examination, as it splits and folds closely to the stubs. The abdomen is elongate, mesially broadened and has eight distinct chitin- ized dorsal segments, the first four shorter than the others, the basal ones sometimes not very distinct. The eighth segment is broadly rounded pos- teriorly; beyond this eighth dorsal segment is a broad, apically rounded, partially chitinized, moderately declivate plate; these features are discussed and figured by Dr. Crampton in the paper immediately following this. In his paper Dr. Crampton indicates that there are 9 ventral segments, including the Hypogynium or 8th ventral segment, and the Hypoproct or sub-anal plate; but as I make them out, there seems to be only 8 visible segments and the basal one of these is not always easily observed. Length, to tip of abdomen, 2 mm., anterior wings, o mm. Eighteen specimens, o winged and 15 dealated, from the fol- lowing localities: Buffalo Bayou, 18 miles below Houston, Tex., October 1C), 1U1S, Barber, 3 winged, 4 dealated. Near Wallisville, Chambers County, Tex., near, but not in, occupied galleries of Termites, November 5, 1!>1S, Barber, 9 dealated. Miami Beach, Fla., under bark of red mangrove near base where it was damp, with Prorhinotermes simplex, T. E. Snyder, 1 dealated. Naranja, Fla., March 1, 1 <)!'.», Alex. Wetmore, 1 dealated. Nymph of Winged Form. (Fig. 3.) The only specimens of this form examined arc apparently in the last stage prior to the change to maturity. This form has well developed wing-pads, and the general appearance is well shown by Fig. 3. The thoracic structure differs materially from that of the adult, also better appreciated from the figures than by description ; the eyes and ocelli are present and distinct, but are situated subcutaneously, as shown by careful examination of alcoholic material but not brought out in the figure ; in dry material the covering cuticle is more opaque, making the organs of sight much more obscure, the ocelli in fact being almost or quite invisible in such specimens. The antennae are essentially as in the adult but the posterior femora are without strong chitinized spines below, in this particular agreeing with the corresponding stage of the apterous form. The nymphs in this stage of development, that apparently preceding maturity, are very slightly chitinized and the dorsal hairs and bristles of the body and legs are pale and obscure. 88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 Buffalo Bayou, 8 miles below Houston, Tex., October 20, 1918, Barber, 3 specimens. Mr. Snyder, an able student of Termites, suggests that it may be possible that some of these supposed nymphs may be brachyp- terous reproductive adults, similar to certain forms present in Termites. But microtome sections of several specimens made by Miss C. B. Thompson. Prof, of Zoology in Wellesley College, have not substantiated this supposition. Apterous Unchitinized Adult. (Fig. 4.) This is the form, and the only form, of Zorotypus hubbardi dis- cussed in the original account and description of this species, the two specimens mentioned in that paper as probably male nymphs being really adult females. Mention was made in this former pape'r to certain pigmented lateral spots on the head of this form, seen in a couple of speci- mens mounted on a slide. Since that note was written Miss Thompson sectioned the head of this form with the view to de- termining if there really were vestigial eyes present or not. Her decision is set forth in the following quotation from a letter written by her to Mr. T. E. Snyder: "There are no functional compound eyes nor ocelli. In some specimens nothing is left of the compound eyes but the optic nerve running to a mass of fatty tissue just the size of the eyes in the dealated form, but in one speci- men in among the fatty tissue there were vestiges of the outer parts of several ommatidia, the cones and cuticle. So we may call this, together with the optic nerves present in all specimens, evidence of faint vestiges of a very degenerate compound eye." The general appearance of this apterous form is well represented by Fig. 4. This represents a female and, like the other figures illustrating the present paper, except Fig. o, was drawn by Mrs. Mary Carmody Thompson. As indicated by this figure, there is probably one more abdominal segment than stated in the original account of the species, the terminal segment, however, being illy defined. An examination of the somewhat ample ma- terial accumulated since the previous account of this insect was written shows some variation to exist in the ventral armature of the posterior femora; rarely there are no chitinized spines on the ventral inner margin of these femora; in such cases the specimens may be ones but recently transformed and killed before completely chitinized. But usually there are two chitinized spines on this margin, as described in the former paper, and sometimes there is a third somewhat smaller spine situated about midway between the base of the femora and the basal one of the other two spines, and rarely there are also a few very short spines between the longer ones and distad of the apical ones. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.. VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 89 The mesonotum is noted in the original paper as being about one-half as long as the pronotum; this is not correct, the actual length being about the same as that of the pronotum, as shown in Fig. 4. The terminal setae of the cercus are usually about one and one-half times as long as the cercus itself. The fourth segment of the antennae is also usually a little smaller in all dimen- sions than the succeeding ones, though there is some variation in this respect, as there is indeed in other features of the antennal structure; one specimen has one antennae normal while the other one is abnormal in having but eight segments instead of nine; that this abnormal antennae is complete is shown by the struc- ture of the terminal segment. In two specimens, one from Texas and one from Florida, the antennae are asymmetrical, as in each one antennae is normal while the opposite one has the fourth segment scarcely larger than the third. The hairs and bristles of the entire insect are pale and inconspicuous. In the article immediately following the present one Dr. Cramp- ton describes a minute hooked structure of the obscure ninth segment of the abdomen of the male which was not noticed in the previous account. This character is illustrated by Dr. Cramp- ton in his Fig. 2, and he calls it the notocornus, or notal horn. Opposite this organ, on the posterior margin of the eighth seg- ment of the abdomen is a small projection which Dr. Cra'mpton calls the notoprocessus, or tergal process, and this is also shown in his figure. The nymph of this form is very likely represented in the numer- ous specimens examined, but, if so, cannot be distinguished from the more mature specimens. It appears quite certain that some of these apterous unchitinized individuals are really adults, for if they were all nymphs it seems as if at least a few of the cor- responding apterous chitinized adults would be found. But not a single such adult has been found among the scores of individuals examined by the writer, and Mr. Barber, a keen observer and one who has seen hundreds in nature, has seen none. Mr. Bar- ber is also quite certain that a fragment of an egg found by him, but subsequently lost, was laid by one of these wingless unchitin- ized individuals, and other specimens have been seen with a rounded object visible within the body which may be an egg. Future observations will eventually settle this point. Length about '2 mm. or a little more. Numerous specimens from the following localities: Naranja, Fla., Mar. 1, H>H), A. Wetmore; Miami Beach, Fla., Feb. 2s. 1919, Snycler; Princeton, Fla., Feb. 21, MM'.), Snyder; Ortega, near Jacksonville, Fla., Mar. 1."), l!H«i, Snyder; near Wallaceville, Chambers Co., Tex., Nov. .">, I'.MS, Barber; ten miles north of QO PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, IQ2O Liberty, Tex., Nov. 20, 1918, Barber; Buffalo Bayou, eight miles below Houston, Tex., Oct. 20, 1918, Barber. The Larva of Winged and Apterous Forms. Immature stages of the wingless Zorotypus were not represented in the material forming the basis of the former paper, the two on a slide recorded as probably being male nymphs being really adult females. But in the material studied in the preparation of this present paper there are a goodly number of larvae. In general appearance these resemble quite closely the eyeless and apterous unchitinized adult described above ; the antennae, however, differ decidedly from those of adults and nymphs in having only eight segments instead of nine, and generally the second segment alone is decidedly smaller than the others, instead of both second and third being small; the terminal five seg- ments of the antennae of the larva also tend to be noticeably less elongate than in the more matured insect, this feature is more obvious in the younger specimens examined. There is some variation in the relative size of the seg- ments of the antennae; thus the third segment is usually noticeably smaller than the fourth but often it is not, or barely, so. The reduction of the num- ber of antennal segments in the young from nine to eight is probably brought about by the union of the third and fourth segments, as is indicated by a very obscure indication of an illy defined transverse sub-basal sulcation of this larger segment, faintly visible in one or two of the several specimens examined. The larvae are also differentiated by the smaller size and by the absence of chitinized spines on the ventral margin of the posterior femora. A few apparently mature individuals lack such spines, but, as stated above, these are very likely freshly matured individuals. The hairs and bristles of the body are pale and obscure. There are about three sizes of larvae, the smallest measuring about 1 mm. in total length, the largest almost twice as much. There are no characters, so far found, to separate the larvae of the winged and apterous forms. Thus the above notes apply to both. Many specimens from : Naranja, Fla., Feb. 24, 1919, Barber; id, Mar. i, 1919, Wetmore; Princeton, Fla., Feb., 24, 1919, Snyder; Ortega, near Jacksonville, Fla., Mar. lo, 1919, Snyder; near Wallaceville, Chambers Co., Tex., Nov. 5, 1918, Barber; Buffalo Bayou, eight miles below Houston, Tex., Oct. 20, 191 S, Barber. Zorotypus Snyderi, n. sp. (Fig. 5.) All of the material of this apparently undescribed species was taken by Mr. T. E. Snyder, in whose honor the insect is named, at Miami Beach, Fla., all on April 29, 1918, except one apterous, pigmented male on Feb. 28, 1919. In 1918 pieces of a red man- grove log containing colonies of a white ant, Prorhinotermes sim- plex Hagen, were brought to the Field Station of the Bureau of PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, xo. 5, MAY, 1920 91 Entomology at East Falls Church, Va., and enclosed in 50-lb. lard cans. These proved congenial quarters for the Termites, which lived and thrived. In the summer of 1919 it was dis- covered for the first time that the cans also harbored a thriving colony of Zorotypus, furnishing the material here discussed, ex- cept a single male above noted as being taken in 1919. This is a very distinct species from Z. hubbardi, but seems quite closely allied to the Costarican species described1 by Syl- vestri as Z. neotropicus. It does not agree, however, sufficiently well with the characters of neotropicus as described by Sylvestri to justify its being considered that species. In this species are found the various forms or phases as noted above under hubbardi and in addition there is an apterous and fully pigmented adult. The various forms are here descriptively noted. Adult of Winged Form (Female, Male Unknown). In general appearance very like hubbardi as shown in Fig. 1. The size and color is practically the same, as is also the structure except as here noted. Antennae with the second segment small as in hubbardi but with the third segment of sub-equal length with the fourth and enlarging from the base to the apex, where it is nearly as thick as the fourth segment; beyond the third segment the antennae are about as in hubbardi. Fig. 5, drawn by Mr. R. E. Snodgrass, shows the antennae of this species. Thoracic segments from a dorsal view not differing noticeably from those of hubbardi. Bristly hairs of the abdomen, especially those situated posteriorly above, noticeably stouter and longer, the terminal bristle of the cercus fully twice as long as the cercus itself. Fore tibiae with short spines above and below, those on the ventral margin not worthy of special notice such as is described in Z. neotropicus. Hind femora with more conspicuous bristles above and armed beneath with two long slender spines on the apical fourth of the outer mar- gin and with a series of about ten shorter and stouter ones, on the apical three-quarters of the inner margin, the basal two and one near the apex the larger. Some variation will probably occur here. Abdomen essentially as described under the corresponding stage of Z. hubbardi. The more heavily- armed posterior femora, the basal structure of the antennae and the longer terminal seta of its cerci make very easy the separation of this species from Z. hubbardi. Length, to tip of abdomen, about 21/2 mm., fore wings 3 mm. A single fully winged female which I choose as the Holotype, Miami Beach, Fla., 1917, Snyder. No dealated specimen found. The fact that no winged males of either of our species of Zoro- typus are known might seem to indicate that there are no males of this form. But, considering that but sixteen winged specimens in all have thus far been found, this would be a presumptions hypothesis to advance. 1 Boll. Lab. Agr. Portici, vol. 10, p. li'O (1916). 92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 Nymph . Of this stage specimens of three or four periods of development have been examined. Several specimens in the stage apparently immediately preceding complete maturity, corresponding to those noted under hubbardi in having well developed and mobile wing- pads, occurred. Specimens in this stage of development can be readily distinguished from the corresponding form of hubbardi, as the diagnostic characters of the alated adult are present here also, and in addition the eyes only are distinctly- present subcutaneously, the ocelli not being indicated; there may, however be variations found to exist here when more material is examined. But in the earlier stages of this form, where the wing-pads are not well developed the diagnostic characters so readily separating the more advanced nymphs and the adults from hubbardi are progressively less well marked. In the smaller of the two or three stages noted the characters are closer to those of hubbardi, the bristles and spines of the legs being less specifically different and the structure of the antennae varying to the form found in hubbardi. The second and third segments of the antennae of the smallest specimen area, are sub-equal and both decidedly smaller than the others. But the spines of the body are black and very decidedly more conspicuous than in hubbardi, especially when seen against a white background, and the terminal bristle of the cercus is fully twice as long at the cercus itself, characters serving to identify with considerable assurance even the smallest specimens of this stage. The eyes are not, or barely, visible in smaller specimens, growing more dis- tinct as the insects approach maturity. Length l3/4-2V4 mm. Wing-pads of largest specimens about l/z mm. Four specimens with fully developed wing-pads and half a dozen younger specimens, all from Miami, Fla., collected by Sny- der. The specimens with fully developed movable wing-pads are ap- parently quite different from the smaller, less developed ones without movable wing-pads. They may, indeed be brachypterous adults, as considered by Snyder as set forth under the correspond- ing phase of hubbardi. Apterous Chitinized Adults. (Fig. f>.i Female. — This form, not represented, so far as now known, in hubbardi. superficially resembles dealated specimens of the winged form. The head is, however, without either eye or ocelli, the place where the eyes would be located being marked only by a few obscure bristles. The antennae are a> described in the winged adult, as are also the posterior femora, though here more of the inner ventral spines are stout. There is some variation appar- ent in the exact number of these spines, but usually there are about si-vi-n or eight. Otherwise this apterous adult form is essentially like the winged form described above. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 93 Male. — Similar to the female except the apical segments of the abdomen; here, what is apparently the ninth dorsal segment is roundly prolonged ap- ically, depressed below the plane of the eighth segment, the tip more heavily chitinized than the membranous basal portion, and the apex notched mesially with three minute tuberculous teeth on each side of the notch and with a small hook in the apex of the notch. This last described character is exceed- ingly minute and very difficult to make out even under fairly high magnifica- tion. The apical ventral segment is mesially cut apically by a V-shaped notch, and several small spines are situated on the lobes formed by this notch. The penis is concealed, very rarely visible as a simple minute chitinous point. Seventeen females, (i males. One of these females confined in a vial between June 4 and 12, 1919, deposited a single egg, which is briefly described at the end of this description. Apterous Unchitinized Adult (or Nymph of Apterous Chitinized Adult). Among the lot of a dozen or so specimens examined there are probably three forms represented. First very surely the nymph of the apterous pigmented adult last described, second possibly the reproductive unpigmented adults corresponding to that noted under Z. hubbardi, and the third the nymph of the last. But no morphological character has been found for separating the ma- terial into such divisions, all specimens being essentially alike except for minor variation. This form is essentially the same as the unchitinized apterous adult of hubbardi as set forth in the original description of that species, and as amended and figured in the present paper, except for the specific characters noted in the discussion of the winged form of the present species. The constant feature distinguishing this from the corresponding form of hubbardi is the terminal bristle of the cercus being twice as long as the cercus itself, the more coarsely and densely spinous ventral surface of the post fe- mora and especially the more conspicuously black bristled body. The larger and more elongate third segment of the antennae is also diagnostic but, as in the nymph of the winged form, this character grows less marked in the earlier stages of development, the third segment, especially in small specimens, but often also in larger ones as well, being but little or no larger or longer than the second. Probably the best method for the separation of this form of these two species is to examine the specimens under a glass against a white background, when the black hairs and bristles of snyderi are very decidedly more conspicuous than the lighter ones of hitbbardi. Specimens of this complex examined range in total length from about ll/2 to nearly 2'/2 mm. Larva. This stage is represented by a goodly number of specimens. It is apparently impossible to separate those destined to trans- form to winged specimens from those giving rise to apterous 94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 adults. Nor is the separation of these larvae from the correspond- ing stages of Z. Jmbbardi so easy, especially in the smaller speci- mens. The bristles and leg spines are not sufficiently developed to exhibit decided differences and the segments of the eight jointed antennae are not very strikingly different from those of lutbbardi, though in larger specimens they grow more towards the type characteristic of snyderi. The terminal setae of the cercus, moreover, are so small as to be generally not easy to observe and they constitute, therefore, not a convenient char- acter for separation. There are, however, two good characters which will invariably enable one to separate with assurance the respective larvae of these two species: the first is the hairs and bristles of the body, for in snyderi especially when viewed against a white background, as noted under the description of the pupa, the dorsal hairs and bristles of the body and legs are decidedly conspicuous, while in Jmbbardi they are apparently finer and light colored, being scarcely visible; the second character is the ^antennae which, especially of the smaller specimens, are very "noticeably larger and heavier in snyderi. The relative size and shape of the antennal segments of these nymphs vary decidedly and seem to furnish no dependable character for separating the two species. In both species the usual structure of the antennae of a young nymph is as follows : The second segment of the antennae is half as long as the basal one and noticeably smaller, being itself about as long as broad, almost globular in shape; third segment slightly larger than the second and of similar shape; fourth segment decidedly larger than the third and globular, the fifth still larger and also globular, apically barely perceptibly pointed, sixth and sev- enth scarcely larger than the fifth, but very slightly elongated and apically a little more pointed; the eighth, and last, segment is basally as large as the preceding one and tapers nearly from the base to a narrowly rounded apex, the whole segment about twice as long as the basal width. In the succeed- ing stages of snyderi the third segment becomes more elongate in the larger, and presumably the more completely developed, specimens and then becomes useful in distinguishing these larvae from those of hubbardi. In the material examined, apparently representing about three instars, the individuals range from about 1 m. to !3/4 mm. in total length. The typical material of this species is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Type.— No. 22880, U. S. N. M. Egg. On July 4, 1919, a number of individuals, representing apter- ous chitinized adults, larva and nymphs, were isolated in small vials and cells, each with a small fragment of wood. On the PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 5, MAY, IQ2O 95 12th a small egg was noted on the piece of wood enclosed with an adult female. It is barely possible that this was there when the fragment of wood was enclosed, and is not the egg of Zoro- typus at all. But that it is really the egg of this insect, and was deposited by this specimen is very probable. This egg is r>/s mm. in length by 3 '& broad, the ends broadly and evenly rounded and the surface roughened by small hexagonal areas with elevated divisional lines. The probability of this being the egg of Zoro- typus is enhanced by the fact that this sculpturing of the surface is as Mr. Barber recalls being true of a fragment of an egg he found with /. hubbardi in Florida, and that another exactly sim- ilar egg was found in the cans containing the colony of Zorotypus. If this is really the egg of Zorotypits the size would indicate that these insects probably deposit a single egg at a time. This insect does not thrive in solitary confinement, as out of a lot of 27 specimens enclosed, mostly one in a receptacle, on June 4, 1919, most were dead by June 20, a number dying before that date and few living beyond the middle of July. Growth, at least under such conditions, is seemingly slow, as nothing in the way of development occurred, other than probable deposi- tion of an egg by a female as noted above, and the changing of one larva with S-jointed antennae enclosed on June 4 to a nymph with 9-jointed antennae on the 25th. Conclusion. The discovery of the fact that Zoraptera is a winged order has served to strengthen its distinction from allied groups. The re- lationship of Zoraptera to allied orders is discussed by Dr. Cramp- ton in the article immediately following this. The habit of shedding the wings by the adult alated form is apparently an acquired one. In the blattid genus Panesthia this habit is now apparently being acquired, but is in a com- paratively early stage of development; here the wings are torn off by only a moderate percentage of individuals and in a somewhat irregular manner, the fracture, however, following more or less the course of the anal vein. The development of this habit in the Zoraptera approaches that attained in the Termites, where in some cases there are well defined cross-sulci formed at the point of alar rupture. Both species of Zorotypus are social insects, occurring in col- onies of various sizes. They generally occur near Termites, but are not usually mingled with them and are probably never really inquilinous with them, as was at first thought probable, due to their usual proximity to white ants and their frequent occupancy of their galleries. Mr. Snyder took specimens oiJutbbardi at Ortega, PLATE 6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22 fcv "\ CATJ DELL— ZOROTYPUS. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, IQ2O 97 near Jacksonville, Fla., under the loose moist bark of a decaying log where there were no Termites present. Thus it appears as if their frequent occurrence with or near Termites is only a result of their requiring the same environmental conditions, mainly a matter of the proper amount of moisture. The discovery of alated individuals of Zorotypus raises some doubts as to the real status of the wingless individuals, heretofore the only form known. From a general consideration of the structure of both alated and apterous specimens and from the fact that this is a social insect may be inferred that it is a case of cast, allied to the closely related order Isoptera. The fact that alated adults shed the wings in a manner similar to that of the white ants seems to strengthen this view. If such is actually the case, however, it will have to await actual demonstration until something more is known of the biology of these interesting insects. In Texas and in Florida nymphs of the hemipterous genus Systellodems were taken in colonies of /orotypus. These insects are predatious and probably feed on the Zorotypus. The Texas species, taken by Mr. Barber near Liberty on November 20, 19 IS, was determined by Mr. Gibson as 5. biceps Say. Mr. Wetmore took the Florida bugs at Timm's Hammock on March 1, 1919. This form wras determined by Gibson as a species near angiistatn* Champ., of the West Indies. Associated with the Z orotypus at Timm's Hammock Mr. Wet- more found a number of very young nymphs of the earwig Ani- solabis annulipcs, which resembled in size and action specimens of Zorotypus so much as to be mistaken for them. Mr. Barber has also noted this resemblance in the field. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell. (Alated adult of winged form. Fe- male.) Fig. 2. Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell. (Dealated adult of winged form. In- male, i Fig. 3. Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell. (Nymph of winged form. Female. > Fig. 4. Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell. (Unchitini/.ed adult of apterous form Female.) Fig. o. Zorotypus snyderi Caudell. (Antcnn i of diitini/.ed adult of aptemu- form. Male, i 98 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH.. VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 SOME ANATOMICAL DETAILS OF THE REMARKABLE WINGED ZORAPTERON, ZOROTYPUS HUBBARDIS CAUDELL, WITH NOTES ON ITS RELATIONSHIPS.* BY G. C. CRAMPTON. PH.D. Through the generosity of Mr. A. N. Caudell, I have been able to make a morphological study of the winged Zorapteron de- scribed by him in the preceding paper and to his general descrip- tion of Zorotypus hubbardi, I would add the following supple- mentary discussion of certain anatomical details of this remark- able insect. Zorotypus is not only of great interest from the fact that it is anatomically intermediate between the Isoptera and Plecoptera, but it's position at the base of the line of descent of the Psocidae (sensu lato] makes it an extremely important insect for the study of the phylogeny of the higher forms as well. The head of a winged Zorotypus (Figs. 5 and 1) is very like that of the small primitive Plecoptera Capnia, Leuctra, etc., in con- tour, and is also somewhat suggestive of the head of a Psocid in outline. Three ocelli "oc" (Figs. 5 and 1) are present in the winged Zoraptera, and in their position and arrangement they resemble those of the primitive Plecoptera mentioned above. I do not find the ocelli in the blind, wingless forms, which I am inclined to regard as the representatives of a caste distinct from the winged forms, and if this be correct, the occurrence of castes** in these insects is a feature very suggestive of affinities with the Isoptera. The compound eyes of the winged Zoraptera usually exhibit a darker pigmented central region surrounded by a whiter ring as shown in Fig. 1, although merely the outline of the compound eyes is shown in Fig 5. The frontal maculae "fm" (Figs. 5 and 1) occurring near the compound eyes of a winged Zorotypus, are very similar to those of Capnia and other primitive Plecoptera, and since they are not usually well developed in many primitive orders of insects, they furnish additional evidence of the affinities of the Zoraptera to the Plecoptera. The position of the antennae (i. e., their attachment far down the front of the head) is another feature in which the Zoraptera resemble the primitive Plecoptera; but the outlines of the individual segments are rather more like those of the antennae of the Embiidae (which are very closely allied to the Plecoptera), although in regard to * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachu- setts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. ** Since this was written, Mr. Caudell has described the pigmented ap- terous representatives of the group, which were unknown to me at the time of writing. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 99 the relative sizes of the basal segments of the antennae, the Zor- aptera exhibit certain features peculiar to themselves. The neck plates and prothoracic sclerites "dc," "Ic," etc. (Fig. 1) of a winged '/.orotypus, are extremely like those of Capnia, and other primitive Plecoptera, especially in the occurrence of the peculiar dorsal cervical sclerite "dc;" and since the neck and pro- thoracic regions are among the least modified structures of an insect's body, they furnish some of the most valuable evidence available for determining the interrelationships of the orders of insects. In order to show the outlines of the sclerites as well as possible, an abnormally distended specimen was chosen for mak- ing the drawing shown in Fig. 1 , so that the parts are considerably more separated from one another than would be the case in a normal specimen; but a glance at Fig. 1, after studying a primitive Plecopteron such as Litctra or Capnia, would serve to convince one that the neck and prothoracic regions of a winged Zorapteron are strikingly like those of the primitive Plecoptera in question; so that the evidence of the head, neck and prothoracic regions alone, would point to a very close relationship between the Zor- aptera and the Plecoptera. On the other hand, the mesothoracic and metathoracic structures present a curious combination of features occurring in the Psocidae, Isoptera, Grylloblattidae, and certain insects related to the Plecoptera. The mesonotum and metanotum of Zorotypus (Fig. (5) are very like those of the Psocidae in some respects, such as the outline of the prescutum "ps2," scutellum, "sc!2," etc.; and the presence of a prealar bridge "pa" extending from the notum to the pleural region (see also "pa2," Fig. 1) is a feature which occurs in the Plecoptera and their relatives, as well as in the higher insects, but is not found in any of the group to which the Isoptera belong (i. e., the Mantidae, Blattidae, etc.), as is also true of the pres- ence of a postscutellum, "p2" (Fig. 1) in the mesothoracic region. A mesothoracic postscutellum, however, occurs in the Plecoptera and their relatives, as well as in the Psocidae and higher insects. In the Blattidae, Alantidae, Isoptera and many other lower in- sects, there is a marked tendency for the metanotum to surpass (or at least to equal) the mesonotum in size; but in the winged Zoraptera (Fig. 6), the mesonotum is markedly larger than the metanotum, as is also the case in the Psocidae and higher forniN. In general, the mesonotum and metanotum of the winged Zor- aptera are very suggestive of those of the Psocidae and higher insects; but the outlines of the nota of the wingless Zoraptera un- surprisingly similar to those of the wingless Grylloblattidae. The sternal regions of the thorax of the Zoraptera are quite like those of the Isoptera, and similar lateral plates, or latero- 100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 sternites "e?" and "e;i" (Fig. 1) occur in the mesothorax and metathorax of the Grylloblattidae and Isoptera, although they are also found in the Embiidae and certain other forms related to the Plecoptera. The sclerites of the pleural region in general are as much like those of the Isoptera as any insects, but they also present certain features suggestive of the Dermaptera and other insects related to the Plecoptera as well. With regard to the appendages of the thorax, we find in them also, a curious combination of features present in several other group of insects. The coxae, "ca" (Fig. 1) resemble those of the Grylloblattidae very markedly, but the other portions of the legs resemble those of certain immature Plecoptera and the wingless Psocidae in many respects. The reduction of the number of tar- sal segments is a feature found in certain higher insects (Hemip- tera, Thysanoptera, etc.) related to the Psocidae; but there is also a tendency toward such a reduction, in the immature Plecoptera and their allies. The wings, as figured by Mr. Caudell, appear to be much like those of certain Psocids and Embiidae (which are related to the Plecoptera), but they also present many points of resemblance to the Isoptera — particularly in the breaking off of the wings near the base (a feature which seems to be peculiar to the termites and certain Blattids), as Mr. Caudell has pointed out. I find something vaguely suggestive of the wings of certain Psocids and Thysanoptera in the Zoraptera; but I am not suffi- ciently familiar with the venation of the insects related to the Psocidae (i. e., the Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, etc. — and possibly the Strepsiptera also), to be able to tell which of these insects approaches the Zorapteron type the most closely in their venation. There are two types of individuals in the blind, apterous "caste" of the Zoraptera. In one type (Fig. 2), which I have interpreted as the male form (since it has genitalia very sugges- tive of those of the male Mantidae) there is one less ventral plate than in the forms I have interpreted as the females, the ventral plate labeled "hp" in Fig. 4 of the female, being either not developed, or not sufficiently strongly chitinized and pig- mented to be visible in the males (Fig. 2). In some males, the genitalia were retracted beneath the plate labeled "ha" in Fig. 2, so that only their tips protruded behind its margin; but the specimen from which Fig. 2 was drawn was chosen to illustrate the exserted condition of the parts, since they seem to be better developed in such specimens. From the some- what more developed condition of the parts, and from the fact that they are marked extruded, I would regard such forms as sexually mature, despite the fact that they are apterous; but, of course, the extruded condition of the genitalia may have been PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 IOI due to squeezing the specimen when it was captured — although I could not detect any indications of such a squeezing or distor- tion in these specimens. As was mentioned above, the valves "pv" (Figs. 2 and 3) of the genital appratus of the male are asymmetrically developed, and being terminated by hooks "u" (Fig. 3), etc., they are very like the parts of the genitalia of a male Mantid (see Figs. 70, 7S, etc., Plate 6, of an article on genitalia of male insects, pub- lished in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vol. 13, p. 49); and when Dr. Walker, who is at present working out the details of the genitalia of the male of Grylloblatta, publishes his results, I am sure that the parts will be found to resemble those of a male of Zorotypus quite markedly.* The basal portions of the valves "pv" (Fig. 3) are buried in the tissues of the genital apparatus, and were, therefore, not shown in Fig. 3. The genitalia of male Ple- coptera are usually more symmetrically developed in those forms having paired penis valves, and doubtless more nearly represent the primitive condition than the asymmetrical valves of the Zoraptera, Mantidae and Blattidae do. Since the terminal struc- tures of the Zoraptera are quite like those of the Isoptera, it is quite surprising that the Isoptera have not developed penis valves like those of their allies; but I have been unable to find them in any of the termite material which I have examined. Situated near the posterior margin of the eighth abdominal tergite "8'" (Fig. '2} of the apterous male insects, is a small median dor- sal process "d," while a small median procurved hook "n," at whose base is a second tiny prominence, is apparently borne on the narrow indistinct ninth tergite. I find certain structures in the Plecoptera, which are very suggestive of these organs; but I have not been able to determine their significance as yet, although I am hoping to do so later, when material suitable for dissection is available. In examining the internal anatomy of the apterous males of Zorotypus, in connection with the above mentioned or- gans, I observed two flat coils of "wavy" fibers, somewhat like cotton fibers in appearance (but more "crinkly" in character), located in the posterior half of the abdomen. I was unable to determine their relation to the above-mentioned organs,** however, if any exists, and until a thorough preparatory study of the in- ternal of the male Plecoptera has been made, it is useless to spec- * In the meantime, Dr. Walker's paper has been published in the Can. Entomologist. The genitalia of Grylloblatta are not like those of Zorotypus, but superficially, at least, the terminal structures of Grylloblatta are strik- ingly like those of the Embiidae. ** A further study of the coiled structures would indicate that tlu-y an associated with the testes. 102 PROC. ENTT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 ulate on the probable significance of these structures in the Zor- aptera. The plate labeled "ep" in Figs. 2 and 4 is apparently made up of the supraanal plate and parapodial plates of the Orthop- teroid insects, and doubtless represents the united tenth and eleventh dorsal segments. Near the base of the region above the anal opening, the cerci "cu" (Figs. 2 and 4) are attached. I formerly suggested that the large central axial spine, which looks like a modified second segment of the cerci in some of Silvestri's figures of the Zoraptera, might represent a second segment of the cerci in these insects. An examination of Zorotypits hubbardi, however, has convinced me that the cerci of this insect are com- posed of but one apparent segment, as is the case in certain small Plecoptera. Below the region labeled "ep" in Figs. 2 and 4 is the anal open- ing. There frequently protrudes from the anal region of the apterous forms, a papilla-like projection, which appears to be an everted portion of the rectal region. Since this projection is not visible in all of the specimens, I do not know whether it is the result of squeezing the insect when it was captured, or whether it is associated with the act of defecation. The terminal segments of the female differ from those of the male principally in the development of a transverse band-like ventral subanal plate "hp" (Fig. 4), which I have been unable to detect in any male specimens. There thus appears to be one more ventral segment in the females (both winged and ap- terous forms) than in the males, although this additional segment is rather difficult to distinguish in the apterous females, due to lack of pigmentation in these forms as compared with the winged females. The opening of the female reproductive organs is con- cealed by the plate labeled "hg" in Fig. 4, which represents the sternum of the eighth abdominal segment, as in other lower in- sects. The terminal structures of the winged females are very like those of the Isoptera, although those of the apterous males have some features suggestive of the Plecoptera, and their gen- italia are quite like those of the Mantids, Grylloblattids, etc. The resemblances between the Zoraptera and other insects may be briefly summarized as follows: The head of a winged Zorotypus is essentially Plecopteroid, with some suggestions of a resemblance to the Psocid type. The neck and prothorax are largely Plecopteroid, while the lateral and ventral regions of the mesothorax and metathorax are quite like those of the Isoptera. The mesonotum and metanotum of the winged forms are more like those of the Psocidae and Neuropteroid insects, such as the Hymenoptera, etc., but also suggest affinities with the Plecoptera PROC. EXT. SOC. \VASH., VOL. 22, XO. 5, MAY, IQ2O 103 and Embiidae among the lower forms, although the nota of the wingless Zoraptera are strikingly like those of a wingless (,'ryllo- blatta. While the coxae are like those of the Grylloblattidae, the legs in general resemble those of certain wingless Psocidae and immature Plecoptera. The genitalia of the apterous males are as much like those of male Mantidae as any other insects, although they will doubtless prove to be quite similar to the genitalia of a male (,'rvlloblatta also. The terminal segments of the males bear certain structures somewhat similar to those of certain Plecoptera; but the terminal segments in general, and those of the winged females in particular, are quite Isopteroid. The following diagram will serve to locate the line of descent of the Zor- aptera among those of the other lower winged insects. PSOCIDS. ZORAPTERA \ DERMAPTERA ISOPTERA\ i / EMBIIDS PLECOPTERA MANTIDS GRYLLOBLATTIDS Taking their anatomy as a whole, I would regard the Zoraptera as intermediate between the Isoptera and the Plecoptera, with their closest affinities tending slightly toward the side of the Isoptera, although the balance of characters is so evenly divided between the two groups, that it is very difficult to decide whether the Isoptera or the Plecoptera are the nearest relatives of the Zoraptera. There can be no doubt, however, that the Plecoptera are extremely close to the forms from which the Zoraptera were derived, and represent as nearly as any living insects, the com- mon ancestral type of insects giving rise to the lines of descent of the Zoraptera and Isoptera. On the other hand, the Zoraptera themselves are very like the ancestors of the Psocidae, so that they are extremely important insects for a study of the evolution of the higher forms such as the Hymenoptera, N'europtera, etc., whose ancestors were undoubtedly extremely colsely related to those of the Psocids. The position of the Zoraptera in the super- orders of winged insects, may be seen in the following list. IO4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1920 PALAEODICTYOPTEROID SUPERORDER (Panplectoptera ) . . Protephemerida, Ephemerida, Protodon- ata, Odonata, Palaeodictyoptera (in part), etc. PLECOPTEROID SUPERORDER ( Pan- plecoptera.. . Haplopteroida, Plecoptera, Hadentom- oida, Embiidina, Dermaptera, Coleo- ptera, etc. ORTHOPTEROID SUPERORDER (Pan- orthoptera) Protorthoptera, Grylloblattida, Phas- mida, Orthoptera (sensu str.) etc. ISOPTEROID SUPERORDER < Paniso- ptera) . Protoblattida Zoraptera, Isoptera, Blatt- ida, Mantida, etc. PSOCOID SUPERORDER (Panhomo- ptera. . . Psocida, Mallophaga. Anopleura (Pedi- culidaj Homoptera Hemiptera, Thys- anoptera, Strepsiptera, etc. NEUROPTEROID SUPERORDER ( Pan- neuroptera) Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Protomecoptera, Par a mecop t e'ra, Paratrichoptera Trichoptera, Lepido- ptera, Diptera. Siphonaptera, etc. ABBREVIATIONS. The subscripts ]( o, and 3, indicate that the structure in question belongs to the prothorax, mesothorax, or the metathorax, respec- tively. The numerals on the segments denote the number of the abdominal segment, the letters "t" or "s" being added above, to indicate the tergites and sternites of the segments. a Epimeron. ha Hypandrium, or plate below ant Antenna (abbreviated). male genitalia. I) Lateropleurite, or lateral plate rig Hypogynium, or plate below fe- of pleural region. male genitalia. c Episternum. hp Hypoproct, or subanal plate, ca Coxa. Ic Lateral cervical plate, cu Cercus. Ip Labial palpi, d Notoporcessus, or tergal process mp Maxillary palpi. of male. n Notocornus, or procurved notal dc Dorsal cervical plate. horn of male. e Laterosternite, or lateral plate () Trochantinus. of sternum. oc Ocelli, ep Epiproct, or supraanal plate. p Postscutellum. f Femur. pa Prealare, or prealar bridge, fm Frontomaculae. or frontal areas pn Pronotum. near eyes. ps Presctitum. PROC. KNT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22 d.c CRAMPTON— ZOROTYPUS. 106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, IQ2O pv Penisvalvae, or valves of t Tegula. male genitalia. tb Tibia. s Sternum. tc Trochanter. sa Subalare, or subalar plates. ts Tarsus. sc Scutum. u Postuncus, or terminal hook of scl Scutellum. penis valve. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. Lateral view of head and thorax of dealated female. The parts of the neck and prothorax are abnormally distended. Fig. 2. Lateral view of terminal structures of apterous male, with genitalia extruded. Fig. 3. Dorsal view of genital valves of apterous male. The basal portions of the valves, being imbedded in the genital tissues, are not drawn. Fig. 4. Lateral view of terminal structures of dealated female. Fig. o. Frontal view of head of dealated female. Fig. 6. Dorsal view of thoracic region of dealated female. The parts of the prothorax are abnormally distended in this specimen. DIRECT SUNLIGHT AS A FACTOR IN FOREST INSECT CONTROL. BY F. C. CRAIGHEAD, PH. D., Bureau of Entomology. Control and preventative measures in Forest Entomology are necessarily based on different principles from those commonly used against orchard, field or truck crops. The inaccessability of many of the regions, the enormous area involved, and the low annual returns on the investment demand protective measures that can be correlated with systems of forest management or lumbering practices at the least expense. This requirement has been the basis on which all control or preventative measures are formulated. To quote from Dr. Hop- kins:1 'The desired control or prevention of loss can often be brought about by the adoption or adjustment of those requisite details in forest management and in lumbering and manufacturing opera- tions, storing, transportation, and utilization of the products which at the least expenditure will cause the necessary reduction of the injurious insects and establish unfavorable conditions for their future multiplication or continuance of destructive work." As examples of such methods are the cutting or girdling of certain woods at definite seasons of the year to prevent attack 1 Some Insects Injurious to Forests: Insect Depredations in North Ameri- can Forests and Practical Methods of Prevention and Control. Bulletin 58, Part V, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dept. of Agric. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, 1 920 IO7 by insects, submerging in mill ponds during the flight periods, and rapid utilization of the felled timber before the insects have had time to injure it. It was accidentally discovered by the writer that direct ex- posure to the sun can be utilized in connection with forest man- agement and lumbering practices as a highly efficient method of prevention or control of certain of the more destructive tree- killing and wood-boring insects. In the summer of H)17 several hickory logs containing Cyllene -pictus (Drury) in the pupal and immature adult stages were ac- cidentally left in direct sunlight for several hours. Later in the same day these insects were removed from their cells and isolated in vials. As they were taken out it was found that many from the top side of the logs were dead. This discovery, together with the well known fact that logs exposed to direct sunlight are in many localities attacked only on the under surface, immediately suggested possibilities of utilizing the heat of the sun in control or prevention of damage by certain insects. The same summer a few tests were made by turning both infested and uninfested logs in the sun which gave promise of future possibilities where other methods were not practical. Since then further experiments have been made at Falls Church, Va. ; Yicksburg, Miss., and Tucson, Ariz., giving conclusive evi- dence as to the effectiveness of this method under certain con- ditions. The experiments were primarily based on the turning of infested logs in the sun and a series of observations on about three million feet of ash logs cut at different seasons and handled in various ways. In the following paragraph several examples of these prelim- inary experiments are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. At Sabino Canyon, Ariz., during June, 191S, an assortment of infested mesquite sticks containing several species of Bostrichids, both larvae, pupae and adults, several species of Chrysobothris larvae and larvae of Cyllene antennatns were removed from par- tial shade where they had been infested and placed in the direct sunlight. Two days' exposure killed 4()c( of all larvae, pupae and adults to the depth of one-half inch, one week's exposure 7.")' ( to depth to three-quarters of an inch, and two weeks' expo- sure over '.>()' ', to the same depth. From June to September uninfested green mesquiu- sticks were laid out in the sun and turned wreekly for 4 to 10 weeks, then placed in the shade. A few ( 'hrysobothris and Bostrichids attacked the under side of the logs at first but all were killed during turning and no subsequent attack resulted. 108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 5, MAY, IQ2O At Vicksburg and Delhi, Miss., during May, 1918, ash logs cut at various times during the preceding six months, some of which had been submerged for various periods, were exposed to the sun as described for the mesquite. Most of the earlier cuts were infested with ambrosia beetles and Neoclytus erythrocephalus larvae, while many of those recently felled contained no insects. Weekly turning of these logs killed all insects on or beneath the bark and the uninfested logs were not subsequently .attacked by the following November. At Falls Church, Va., June 1, 1919, ash, pine, oak and hickory sticks that had previously been submerged in water (i1 2 and x1 o months and, therefore, particularly suitable for the attack of ambrosia beetles were removed from the water and exposed to the sun. They were turned weekly during June, July and August. Ambrosia beetles immediately attacked on the under surface. The first turning killed all these beetles before they had entered more than one-quarter inch into the sap wood. On following turnings the underside was likewise attacked and the beetles subsequently killed. This was repeated for four weeks, after which the sticks were sufficiently dried to prevent further attack, and no beetles penetrated far enough into the wood to cause any injury. Experiments at the same place in July, 1919, demonstrated that various species of Scolytid adults and larvae and Monoham- ni us titillator larvae in pine could be killed or their attack pre- vented by the same measures. Experiments have since been undertaken to determine the sections of the country where this method can be utilized, the season of year during which it is effective, and what constitutes killing temperatures and their relation to humidity. A few ob- servations have shown that the inner bark on logs exposed to direct sunlight may reach a higher temperature than the sur- rounding air by as much as 00 °, depending on the locality, the condition of the sky and the angle of the sun's rays. Ac! mil date of publication June 14. IQ2O ^ VOL. 22 JUNE 1920 No. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BARBER, H. S. — A NEW TROPICAL WEEVIL FROM FLORIDA AND CUBA. 150 SNYDER, THOMAS ELLIOTT — THE COLONIZING REPRODUCTIVE ADULTS OF TERMITES. . 109 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, .1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1 103, Act of October 3, 1917. authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice-President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made oh illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 JUNE, 1920 No. 6 THE COLONIZING REPRODUCTIVE ADULTS OF TERMITES. BY THOMAS ELLIOTT SNYDER, Bureau of Entomology. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 110 The Three Types of Reproductive forms: Description of the adults of the first form of species of Reticulitermes Holmgren Ill Description of the adults of the second form of species of Reticulitermes 113 Description of the adults of the third form of species of Reticulitermes. 114 Occurrence of these three reproductive forms in other genera 115 Body pigment and eyes 116 "Intermediate" reproductive forms • • • • 1 17 Other insects with similar reproductive forms 118 Mobility of the reproductive forms 119 Habits of the reproductive forms 121 "Anthropomorphisms" 122 Trophallaxis or instinctive behavior 123 The Nymphs of the Three Reproductive forms : Description of nymphs of the first form of species of Reticulitermes. . . . 125 Description of nymphs of the second form of species of Reticulitermes. 125 Description of nymphs of the third form of species of Reticulitermes . . . 125 Description of nymphs of the reproductive forms of other genera of termites 126 Development of the nymphs of the reproductive forms 126 Comparison of the development of termite nymphs with that of nymphs of aphids and Zorotypus 127 The Methods of Colonization (Formation of New Colonies) : (1) Flight of the winged colonizing forms of termites 12S Diurnal swarming 129 Nocturnal swarming 129 Seasonal variations in the time of swarming 1 29 (2) "The pseudo-flight" of the second form colonizing adults of Reticu- litermes I'irginicus Banks 130 (3) Subterranean exodus of third form colonizing adult termites 134 IOQ 110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O Results of Breeding Experiments: Progeny of first form adults 136 Progeny of second form adults 139 Progeny of third form adults 142 Progeny of "intermediate" reproductive forms of termites 143 Infertility of termite soldiers with wing vestiges 143 Attempts at Cross-breeding: Methods 144 Results 144 Summary and Conclusions 145 Literature Cited 148 Introduction. Interest is always attracted by unusual flights of any animals, whether birds or the less conspicuous insects. In tropical coun- tries, even to the scientist, there is almost an element of magic attendant upon a termite swarm. Apertures are opened in the ground or parent colony mound and suddenly the air is alive with fluttering winged hordes which emerge from these exits. After the flight, the holes are closed from within by workers and all trace of life disappears as suddenly as it appeared. The only evidence of the swarm is the discarded wings lying upon the ground. Every year the Department of Agriculture receives numerous requests from householders in the United States for information in regard to "flying ants" in buildings. These so-called flying ants are in reality colonizing male and female adult termites, which leave the parent nest or colony in the woodwork of the build- ing and fly or "swarm" in large numbers for the purpose of estab- lishing new colonies. Similar swarms may be observed issuing from colonies in decaying stumps and logs in the forest on warm sunny days. It is not known what causes this annual swarm or exodus of the winged adults. Possibly they are impelled to leave the parent colony by some instinct, as by the call of sex, or there may be a "spirit of the colony" similar to that which Maeterlinck so aptly described in "The Life of the Bee" (1904) as the "spirit of the hive." It is not the queen honey bee who rules the hive and induces the swarm of queen, drones and workers, but this elusive "spirit of the hive," evidenced in the assembly of the workers, which are said to have the larger brain. In the case of the termites, however, the winged males and females — which alone swarm — have a far larger brain than the worker, Thomp- son (1916). This "spirit of the colony" in termites may be merely PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 III the result of such a stimulus as body odor perceived by contact, which, according to Beebe (1919), is probably the governing factor in establishing routes of travel by army ants in the tropics. The winged termite is not the only colonizing reproductive form. Although the most striking form and the one that has in the past received the most attention from entomologists, there are other less conspicuous reproductive forms which are also im- portant to the termite colony. The two most common of these other reproductive types will be described in some detail and men- tion will also be made of "intermediate" forms. The following pages will discuss the occurrences of these differ- ent colonizing reproductive forms in colonies, their origin, devel- opment, and the manner in which each type establishes new col- onies— regarding which, except in case of the winged adult, but little is known. The progeny of the different reproductive forms will also be described. A brief account of attempts at cross breed- ing between two different types of reproductive forms will be given. The Three Types of Reproductive Forms. In addition to the normal, pigmented, winged reproductive forms that engage in this colonizing flight, there are two other stable reproductive types. The more or less darkly pigmented body, functional eyes, and aerial habit in colonizing (i. e., swarm- ing) are found only in adults of the first form; after fertilization they attain the greatest post-adult size. In general, there is a subterranean mode of life, less body pigment, and smaller eyes in the second and third form, the former caste having short wing- pads, the latter being entirely apterous and worker-like. A brief descriptive comparison of the three different reproductive forms will be necessary before the manner in which new colonies are established can be described. Description of the Adults of the First Form of Species of Reticnlitermes Holmgren. The winged, sexual adults of the first form are deeply pigmented, the compound eyes are pigmented and functional; this caste is especially adapted for flight and is capable of enduring full sun- light. Lightness of body for the colonizing flight is a primary necessity and the admirable manner in which this has been at- tained may be seen upon comparison with the other reproductive forms — particularly in the more slender thorax, mouthparts and legs. "Stylets" or abdominal appendices on the ventral surface of 112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 the 9th abdominal segment of the female are absent, disappear- ing during the final nymphal molt. At the time of the annual swarm the sex organs of this form are not ready to function. After this flight and deflation , unlike most insects, the young parent adults feed and there is an actual "post-adult" growth; the abdomen of the queen becomes distended, due chiefly to the development of the ovaries; but later there is also a multiplica- tion of cells — fat cells and blood cells. The abdomen of the male or king also becomes slightly increased in size with the later inflation of the body with fat, together with the development of the sex organs. The male of the first (and also the second) reproductive type continues to cohabit with the queen and there is repeated copulation. Although their abdomens are slightly distended, the males of the first form are very active; they are usually present in the royal cell together with the queen, but, on account of their small size, they frequently escape when the colony is broken into. Sometimes, when escape is shut off, the male will attempt to hide under the greater body of the female but they usually desert their consorts at the first sign of danger. There is only a single pair in each colony, since first form adults are normally monogamous. Sometimes in incipient colonies there may be — temporarily at least — one male and two females or vice versa. Rarely, a male of the first form has been found in a colony with numerous females of the second form. "True queens" (of the first form) of our common species were thought either to be very rare or not to exist until quite recently ; this idea has been disproved by Joutel (1893), Hubbard and Schwarz (1901), Schaeffer (1902), Heath (1903) and the present writer (1912), A historical account of the first finding of these forms in the United States is given by the writer (1915). In searching for the cell which contains the queen, it must be re- membered that its location depends upon the species and the habits of the termite, the geographical locality and its climate, and, in some degree, upon the season of the year. The fact must also be borne in mind that termites have several different types of reproductive forms. The commonest type appears to be the dealated, colonizing, sexual adult, developed from nymphs of the first form, i. e., an adult queen of the first form. Queens of this type reach the largest dimensions — (in species of Reticulitermes 14.5 mm. in length). This reproductive form is apparently the parent of all the other reproductive forms as well as of the soldier PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O 113 and worker castes. These reproductive forms of the three types should be considered as distinct castes. All of these reproductive forms have been described in more detail and figured, (Snyder, 1915 and 1916). Description of the Adults of the Second Form of Species of Reticulitermes. Another type of reproductive form — fairly common in species of Reticulitermes — is that of the second form with short wing- pads. This type is developed from the nymph of the second form (Lespes) with short wing-pads, instead of wings or the stubs (scale) of the first form adults. This form is not rare in colonies of species of Reticulitermes in the eastern United States. Unlike the reproductive individuals of the first form, these males and females have not the chitinized parts deeply pigmented ; while the compound eyes are reduced in size and palely pigmented they are probably functional. Probably only the first form adults are able to perceive images; the other reproductive castes may be able to perceive light and direction by means of the ocelli and reduced compound eyes. The body pigmentation is slight, but is characteristically straw-colored or grey, suggesting a subterranean habitat and seclusion from light. In this type of reproductive form the head, thoracic segments, and abdominal tergites and sternites are both longer and broader than in the reproductive forms that develop from nymphs of the first form. The meso- and meta-thoracic tergites have a dis- tinctly irregular shape ; in the second form, these chitinized plates of the abdominal tergites and sternites more markedly approach the semicircular in shape and are much more projecting; in mature queens of the first form the tergal and sternal nota of the abdomen are more fused or compressed. However, this latter character may be due to relatively greater age and consequent distention and growth of the fleshy tissue, since in the younger queens of the first form the tergites and sternites are slightly more projecting than in older queens. In first form reproductive adults the legs are more slender and the mouthparts slightly smaller (less gross) than in those of the second form. In general, recently matured reproductive adults of the second form have a grosser structure ; they are heavier and not intended for flight. At the time of maturity (at approximately the same time as the first form adults mature and are ready to swarm), the sex organs of second form adults — unlike those of the first form- — are ready to function. Often the abdomen of second form queens has an irregular, lumpy appearance due to the develop- ment of ovaries or fatty tissue. Mature queens of the second form of R. flavipes, attain a length of 12 mm.; the development of 114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O the ovaries is much less than in queens of the first form. The abdomens of second form queens never become as elongate as in case of queens of the first form; they become as much distended, but do not have the oblong or quadrate shape, being more oval, or wider near the end which tapers markedly. Externally, the body tissue of second form queens appears to be coarser and thicker than that of first form queens (possibly due to presence of fat). "Stylets" or abdominal appendices on the ventral surface of the 9th abdominal segment of the female are absent, disappear- ing during the final nymphal molt. The males of the second form reproductive type have the ab- domens compressed laterally, which gives the appearance of a narrow, ridged back. In colonies in eastern United States, the males of the second form are usually found associated with many females of the same form; they are either congregated in one large chamber or suit- ably distributed in many small chambers. The relative number of the sexes in a colony of Reticulitermes virginicns Banks in south- ern Florida was 32 females to 8 males ; these were young repro- ductive forms. In a colony of R. flavipes Kollar, in Virginia, the relative number of the sexes was 28 females to 15 males; the largest female was 10 mm. in length, the average 8.2 mm. It was formerly believed that adults of the second form, accom- panied by groups of workers and soldiers, left the parent colony through subterranean galleries and thus established new colonies. Recent studies by the writer have shown that this is not the only method of colonization, if indeed it occurs at all. This will be discussed in detail later. There is proof that this type of reproductive form may breed true, i. e., it produces reproductive nymphs only like itself, and not winged adults, or the wingless third forms, (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). Description of the Adults of the Third Form of Species of Reticulitermes. A rarer type of reproductive form is that of the apterous third form, sometimes known as "ergatoid" or "worker-like." The adult of the third form of species of Reliculitermes has no wings nor wing-pads, being entirely apterous and worker-like or "ergatoid." There is but little pigment in the chitinized parts; there are only traces of eyes, no doubt due to the wholly sub- terranean mode of life of this form. The abdomen of the mature queen is oblong quadrate, its shape being, more like that of the first form queen. The compound eyes are without pigment. The head, thoracic segments and tergal and sternal nota are not as broad as those of adults of the second form. The segments of PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 115 the abdomen of mature queens of the third form are less project- ing than those of the second form and are less semicircular. The mouthparts and legs are also less gross in structure. Indeed, these queens more nearly approach those of the first form. The development of the egg tubes of third form queens is less than that of either the first or second forms; these queens are of rela- tively small size — 9 mm. being the length of the largest queen of R. flavipes so far collected. The antennae of the mature queens consists of 15 segments. "Stylets" or abdominal appendices on the ventral surface of the 9th abdominal segment of the female are absent, disappearing during the final nymphal molt. Only twenty-four of these forms, all but one of which are fe- males, have been found in colonies of species of Reticulitermes in this country. They are apparently rare in species of this genus, but both males and females are fairly common in colonies of Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen. The colonies of the species of Re- ticulitermes in which they have been found, have in all cases except two been small. The colony where the young male of R. tibialis was found was very large. Three individuals of the species llavipes Kol. were found in the same colony, and seventeen in another in Virginia; one of virginicus Banks in North Carolina and one in Virginia, (Snyder, 1915); one of tibialis Banks in Colo- rado by A. B. Champlain, and one male of this species found in a large colony collected by B. T. Harvey at Colorado Springs. Only one mature male of this type has yet been found in colonies of species of Reticulitermes; hence nothing is known of the relative proportion of the sexes in the same colony, in case of this repro- ductive form. However, in colonies of P. simplex Hagen, 8 females and 2 males occurred in a colony in southern Florida. This apterous reproductive form is not able to leave the parent colony except by subterranean tunnels. Like adults of the sec- ond form, this type apparently breeds true to type, for no nymphs with long wing-pads, or winged adults, have been found in col- onies where mature queens of this form were present. Occurrence of These Three Reproductive Forms in Other Genera. The genus Reticulitermes, the reproductive forms of whose species I have just discussed, is about midway in the systematic classification between the "lower" and "higher" termites, /. e., the most primitive termites and the termites most highly special- ized. The most primitive Nearctic termites are species of Tcnnoptis Heer and Kalotermes Hagen. Reproductive adults of the first and third forms have commonly been found in colonies of species of Termopsis; those of the second form are apparently not so com- Il6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL- 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 mon in this genus. Only one queen of the third form has as yet been found in colonies of species of Kalotermes (i. e., K. jouteli Banks of southern Florida). Matured queens of the first form are not rare in species of these genera. In species of Termopsis adults of the third form are more common and also apparently more numerous in colonies. The reproductive forms of the species of the family Kaloter- mitidae Banks, including the genera Termopsis Heer, Kalotermes Hagen, also Neotermes Holmgren and Cryptotermes Banks, which are not subterranean in habit, are always to be found in the wood in which the colony is located and are hence often more exposed to the light and their enemies. Species of Termopsis, in the north- ern extension of their range, inhabit logs, stumps, etc., which are covered by snow and ice for long periods in winter. In the species Prorhinolermes simplex Hagen — closely re- lated systematically to species of Reticnlitcnnes — whose habitat is the coastal region and the keys of southern Florida, also the \Vest Indies (occurring mainly on islands), third form or apterous reproductive forms are common. This may be an adaptation to the habitat; it is frequently stated that wingless forms are more numerous on islands, the winged forms being blown into the water. Colonies of this species are liable to be caught up by the waters and scattered broadcast. Such apterous forms are adapted to island life by their lack of wings; the isolation helps to perpetuate them and they are dispersed in driftwood. So far as my own observations go, there are no third form reproductive types in the Nearctic genera of the higher termites, i. e., Holmgren's family the Metatermitidae. The "intermediates," as well as the third form adults, have disappeared in the higher, but have persisted in the lower termites. Holmgren and Fritz Miiller have each recorded an "ergatoid" queen as occurring in "Eutermes;" it may not, however, be a typical third form but the second form with rudimentary wing-pads. However, the absence of this form may only be apparent, due to insufficient study in the field. Body Pigment and Eyes. — In species of termites which live in wood above ground but not in earth, certain castes have a more deeply pigmented body than in the case of the subterranean species Reticulitermes flavipes; these are the third form reproduc- tive individuals of Termopsis, the soldiers and third form repro- ductive individuals of Kalotermes, and the workers, soldiers and third form reproductive individuals of Prorhinotermes simplex'. The castes of the subterranean species of the genus Reticulitermes have pale or dirty white bodies, except the winged adults, which at the time of swarming have a light or dark brown skin, although PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 6, JUNE, 1920 IIJ later, after the underground life has begun, ci'cn this caste may lose some of its pigment. Species of Reticulitermes abandon their galleries in wood above ground during winter and periods of drought and retreat to subterranean tunnels. The compound eyes and the ocelli are large and well developed in all the castes of P. simplex, a species which lives in dead tree trunks or logs, is not subterranean, and hence is more exposed to light in its habitat, so that there seems to be a correlation between the high state of development of the eyes and the habitat of these insects. In the subterranean species of Reticulitermes there are evidences of loss of pigment and the structural elements of the eyes in all castes except the winged insects. A more thorough and detailed morphological comparison of these three types is to be found in another paper, (Thompson and Snyder, 1920). "Intermediate" Reproductive Forms. As previously stated, (Thompson and Snyder, 1919), up to the present time rather few "intermediate" reproductive forms have been described. The reason for this may be either that they have been overlooked thus far, or that they do not exist. The intermediate forms known at present are as follows: The Rev. F. L. Odenbach, S. ]., of Cleveland, Ohio, has reared artificial colonies of termites for over 20 years. He has kept manuscript notes on the forms in the colonies which he has kindly turned over to me. "In one of Odenbach's artificial colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes, an enlarged egg-laying queen, figured in manuscript notes and referred to by Snyder (1915, p. 56) has the abdomen distended and the abdominal tergites separated, but possesses long, well-developed wing-pads like a nymph of the first form," (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). The abdomen was distended and the abdominal tergites were separated. This queen laid eggs; she was quite different in shape and color from the normal second form queens. She was slow in her move- ments and did not change her location in the colony very often; she was tended by the workers. "Grassi (1893) has figured a queen which, in respect to the length of the wing-pads, is an intermediate between the first and second forms in the species R. Im-ifugits Rossi," (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). vSimilar intermediate reproductive forms have been found in colonies of species of Reticulitermes in the United States. In species of Tennopsis there are a larger series of intermediates between the apterous third form and the normal second form Il8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNK, IQ2O with short wing-pads than in species of Reticulitermes . Such forms are also of more common occurrence. The wing-pads vary in length from mere vestigal buds to a length approaching that of the second form. "In colonies of Termopsis angusticollis Hagen, Heath (1903) describes fertile soldiers with wing buds, which produced 'normal progeny.' The question might well be asked — what would be 'normal progeny' under these circumstances?" (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). ' "Soldiers with vestiges of wing-pads have been noted by the writers in several species of Calotermes; C. occidentis Walker, and two new species from southern Florida; and by N. Banks in C. minor Hagen, and other species of Calotermes. Vestigal wing-pads are evidently of frequent occurrence in this genus, although these soldiers are in general not fertile," (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). These intermediate reproductive forms, their fertility, and their progeny will be discussed in more detail later. Other Insects with Similar Reproductive Forms. In the aphids there are both winged and apterous reproduc- tive forms. There are also a large series of intermediate repro- ductive forms — with both short and vestigial wing-pads. Apter- ous females are a common reproductive type. Unlike termites, parthenogenesis exists among aphids. Another insect with both winged and apterous reproductive forms is Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell, in Silvestri's new order Zoraptera — closely related to termites, (Silvestri, 1913). This species of Zorotypus produces winged, deeply pigmented adults in the autumn (in Texas). In the parent communities, unpig- mented apterous reproductive forms are also present and fairly numerous in communities in Florida and Texas. In parent communities of another species (Zorotypus snydcri Caudell MS) both winged, pigmented adults and a deeply pig- mented apterous form occur in Florida. In case of the dealated adults, apparently no more than a single pair is present in the same Zorotypus community in Florida. The winged adults develop from nymphs with wing-pads, which gradually increase in length, as in termites. The winged adult has both compound eyes and ocelli as has the winged adult ter- mite, but has three ocelli, the normal two lateral ocelli (but lo- cated differently than in termites) and a median ocellus, instead of the usual two in termites. As previously stated, two types of apterous reproductive forms occur in species of Zorotypits — an unpigmented form and a form which has just as deep pigmentation as the winged adult — which PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, xo. 6, JUNE, 1920 119 is not usually the case in termites. The compound eyes in- this apterous pigmented form are vestigial; the ocelli are as in the winged adult. There are also differences in the antennae of the reproductive forms. See Table I. y.orotypus lives under conditions closely similar to termites, in- habiting runways under bark on dead standing trees or logs, where it is moist. Often termites are present, and indeed Zoro- typus at first was believed to be a "termitophile" or "inquiline.' Both insects pass the greater portion of their lives in the dark, (Caudell, 1918 and 1920). Mobility of the Reproductive Forms. Queens of all three types of reproductive forms of Nearctic termites are more or less active at all periods of their life time, are not imprisoned in a permanent cell and never lose their power of locomotion as do the queens of tropical species which are im- prisoned in a permanent, central "royal" cell in a stable colony. The Xearctic queens do not attain the size — they are less than one inch in length — nor is their rate of egg laying as great as that of the queens of tropical species. This must be an advantage, since certain species of Rcticulitcrmes, subterranean in habit, are able to go below the frost line in winter and adapt themselves to the most favorable conditions of temperature and moisture when either above ground in wood or in subterranean galleries. Probably in the prairie regions of southwestern United States the reproductive forms are also below ground during long periods of drought when the ground is dry and caked hard ; at any rate, they have not been found above ground. The queens of tropical termites often reach very large dimen- sions, several inches in length, and become immobile, egg-laying machines. Adequate protection is afforded to these large queens by the huge mounds of great hardness or, in the case of species the queens of which do not attain such large size, but are over one inch in length, by the large spherical tree nests of tough texture. The queens of Nearctic termites that live in wood only i species in genera of the family \\aloiermitidae Bks.) are more mobile and their abdomens become relatively less distended than those of subterranean species which are able to retreat to underground galleries. In young or "incipient" colonies the young first form adults must do all the excavating and forage for themselves. Later, after they have reared broods of workers and soldiers, the former feed them and gradually their rate of egg laying — at first very slow — increases. Eventually the abdomens of mature queens 120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 C a> o> a bo S^ Z S -e _bo « a a 0 *- s b t/; IH O ^ — ^j -4-> — — S b/) ""^ . O • c ^ 1 1 > ^ 4. J _b •> u • >. 3 01 x K . 0 3 7 N ks ^ c ( T s:2 i ) 4) ) >. * 3 0) o ; i: i C 1 £ 3 w 4^ « IE s- II ^2 N S "v 1 S c 1 S u j o £ J If! J ^ . i a i + 31 - > 3 | i— * • • « QJ < U -S ^ g rt rt ^S i | n g i a ' 0 - : o ~ ^ 11 § ^ J 5 3 I? t 11 3 ° ^ s a =7 f 0 i 5 4 4 4 I I § ^^" "^ ,2 ^ 3 h 1 i j P o J 1 H *^*< ^ > c : (i 4 0 C ) •< H 1 U 5 ; z c )< -g ^ IH M a ^^ E_ , C/T P« tS) ^ j IH +-> r. ay r/j c o ^ i 3 •tri > a; igmented sligh -O S 6*0 " i £ £ bO -£ " a < •4- E b , 'c -i Compound eyi ate, faint ve; Doolli ahtipnt Antennae 9 se ment short. Thorax diffcrei ^5 0. -H j& i^ * £ l [1 tn '&! t t |~ t. " t 0 -r; T3 et T~^ CS^ -*-i C ' a. C >• QJ r^5 *•/ S 'S ^3 . . ^ " *j : c 5 "*" 0 oj ^^ so ^ '^s -4- - ^ a •- C <« S i-4 *te) '- 5 1 , a T a a 3~ Q ^ M J ^i ; b i S 3 o o 0 C < £^ o> S ~ 2 : % o •*-, ^ 43 *" ^ - -g •*-* u yj to s* s3 •*- f^~~ S S ^ u rt ,to ^ TD a S ^"^ T3 'K ^ g U w .S ^^ aj ^—j (U Q g 5 f ^^ a 1 ^ igmeni I IS 3 a g a cs •" o * £: bo «« -M .^ O r0 Ol a .s? "rt y % Z % C f- • 2 U S-. *T?i ' ^i '^ f^ ^> Q & % 1 K^ *-* 5^ c W 4_> oo a fe J ^ -^ > "c a. en S. v ^ -t-> C a s H 1 :* X ^= C tn % 'a ^ r a, bJ H .S ^ OJ jH OJ 3 1 S Compound Ocelli— 2 la ^ rt >< 't n rt QJ i^ 5* S c a o A, •ft, *c 1 ££ ft 1 n 0 o IT < N N ^ c a bJ S Compound Ocelli 3: 21 u T— 1 Antennae 9 Thorax as the case i PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O 121 become greatly distended and, while these queens are able to move about, they are practically (in case of species of Reticnlitennes) a charge of the workers. It is not known how long a time is required for queens to reach their maximum post-adult growth— probably a matter of many years in species of Reticnlitennes. Queens of species of Temwpsis and Kalotermes, our largest and most primitive living North American termites, have a remark- ably small post-adult growth as compared to queens of the smaller and more specialized species of Reticulitermes. These more prim- itive termites are more active; since they do not live in the ground, they can not retreat to subterranean galleries and they are more exposed to the light. These reproductive forms of species of Ter- nwpsis and Kalotermes represent a generalized, primitive, ances- tral type, possessing the more independent habits of the non- social insects. In progressing to the higher termites, the queens become more specialized, more dependent and less active. Habits of the Reproductive Forms. For several days after the swarm and consequent deflation, pairs of young first form adults of species of Reliculitermes in the eastern United States may commonly be found under small pieces of decaying wood lying on the ground — suddenly disappearing into shallow cells excavated in the ground or into similar cells in wood. In these cells copulation takes place and in them the first brood of young is reared. On account of unfavorable moisture conditions, many pairs fail to survive, even after escaping their numerous animal enemies at the time of the swarm. After several broods have been reared — a process which be- comes more rapid and frequent after the first brood is full grown, the colon}- branches out, extending galleries through the wood and soil underneath. Factors of temperature and moisture greatly affect the colony life and activity is regulated in accordance with these conditions. There is a seasonal variation not only in the predominance of the castes in the colony but also in their posi- tion in the galleries. On pleasant days during the warm spring months previous to the swarm, in colonies of species of Rcticnli- termes in the eastern United States, the nymphs of the reproduc- tive forms, the young and eggs are to be found in the outer layers of the colonv where they will receive the benefit of the * J j warm sun. The mature reproductive forms of the wood-boring subter- ranean species may be found either in the earth or in the wood, depending upon the season of the year and the climate of the locality in which the species lives. During warm weather they are usually above ground in the wood. In winter they are below 122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O the frost line in the ground; in the prairie regions, during hot, dry weather when the soil is caked and cracked, they are far below ground. During warm summer weather, all of these reproductive forms, of species of Reticulitermes in eastern United States, are usually within the more solid wood of infested trees, logs and stumps, but, strange to say, they are often in the outer layers of wood. The burrows in the vicinity of the cell in which large mature queens of species of Reticulitermes are present are of larger diameter than usual; these have been used as passageways by the queen in coming up from the ground. A large number of eggs or re- cently hatched young are usually present in the nest in the vicin- ity of the reproductive forms. In the case of the non-woodboring subterranean species, the reproductive forms are usually deep below the surface of the ground, especially during warm, dry weather. Sometimes they are found at a lesser depth in the earth or under stones. In winter they are in the ground below the frost line. Due to the huge size of normal first form termite queens as com- pared with the workers and soldiers and the enormous egg-laying capacity of the tropical species, there has always been an unusual interest displayed in these forms. In many tropical termites the large queen is enclosed in a permanent centrally located cell, is unable to move and is a mere egg-laying machine. Certain sav- age peoples search for these large queens (mere large sacks of eggs) for food; they are considered to be quite a delicacy. It was formerly believed that, since the queen mother was the source of the colony life, if she were destroyed the colony would be exterminated. This, of course, has been disproved by more recent investigations which have revealed the existence of several other reproductive forms. Young of these other reproductive forms may be among the offspring and continue to populate the colony. Study of the various types of reproductive forms found in the same species of termite and their life cycle has been necessary in order to determine measures of preventing damage by these numer- ous and widespread insects. Hence any investigations of repro- ductive forms are of not only biological but also economic im- portance. ' 'A nthropomorph isms. ' ' The colony life of the so-called "social insects," i. e., the ants, termites, bees and wasps, has always excited interest. The care of the brood and the queen by the workers and the alarm man- ifested by the workers and soldiers of termites when the colony is broken into and the brood or queen are disturbed have called PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 6, JUNE, 1920 123 forth praise. In these prosaic days of biological facts, much of the mystery of the complex social system of the ants and termites which led to admiration by man has had to "go by the board." Many fantastic theories have collapsed. One of the first of these theories to go was the instinct for the care of the brood and queen. Nils Holmgren (1909), in his studies of the anatomy of termites, devotes considerable space to the exudate tissues. All of the castes, but especially the queens, have extensive exudate tissues in the abdomen. This exudate passes through pores in the chitin to the surface. Here it is greedily licked up by other members of the colony. Holm- gren evolved an "Exudat-theorie" to show that there is a rela- tionship between the amount of exudate tissue and the care that a termite received, i. e., licking and feeding. Instead of the in- stinct to care for the brood, it is mere selfish desire for the exuda- tion. Holmgren concludes that he regards the exudate secretion not only (1) as the cause of feeding but (2) as the cause of caste differentiation. The work of Miss Thompson (1917) disproves Holmgren's second conclusion and also the whole subject of the "manufacture" of reproductive forms through feeding by the workers, so dear to students of termite biology of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. " Trophallaxis" or Instinctive Behavior. — According to Wheeler (1918), this attribute of the parental feelings of man to insects is termed "anthropomorphism" by the orthodox behaviorists. In a remarkable paper on ant larvae Wheeler suggests the term "trophallaxis," i. e., exchange of nourishment, for the cooperative relationship between adults and larvae. Wheeler further states— "Although considerable evidence thus points to trophallaxis as the source of the social habit in wasps, ants and termites, it must be admitted that the phenomenon has not been observed in the social bees." ***** "If we confine our attention largely to the ants, I believe it can be shown that trophallaxis, originally developed as a mutual trophic relation between the mother insect and her larval brood, has expanded with the growth of the colony like an ever-widening vortex till it involves, first, all the adults as well as the brood and, therefore, the entire colony ; second, a great number of species of alien insects that have managed to get a foothold in the nest as scavengers, praedators or parasites (symphily) ; third, alien social in- sects, i. e., other species of ants (social parasitism); fourth, alien insects that live outside the nest and are 'milked' by the ants (trophobiosis), and fifth, certain plants which are visited or sometimes partly inhabited by the ants (phytophily)." In the termite colony the workers and young nymphs of the 124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O reproductive forms may be seen carrying away eggs and young when the colony is disturbed. They solicit exudation from the anus of the queen and also assiduously "clean," i. e., lick, over the bodies of other workers or nymphs, brushing them with the maxillary palpi. When the colony is broken into, both workers and soldiers evidence alarm when near the reproductive forms, i. e., indulge in convulsive jerky movements of the body — a method of com- municating news of the danger to other members of the colony? At the time of the emergence of the winged colonizing adults, workers and soldiers congregate near the points of emergence with heads toward the exterior. Reproductive forms of termites are often minus an antenna or leg and nymphs of the reproductive forms sometimes have the wing pads partially bitten off, also the prothorax at the base of the lateral edges — possibly due to eagerness for exudate. Most of these actions or facts can be explained as due to "tro- phallaxis." In cases of the bitten wing-pads on the nymphs of the reproductive forms, this may be merely incipient cannibal- ism; cannibalism exists among termites. The termite Anoplotermes fumosus Hagen, of Mexico and Texas, is usually found in the colonies of other termites or at least closely associated with other termites in the same colony; the other ter- mites are usually species of Amitermes. This may be termed "social parasitism" or another form of trophallaxis. At any rate, these biological facts of behavior are just as inter- esting, even if due to trophallaxis, as they were when explained psychologically under the fantastical theories of the older writers, which can now be exploded and decried. The Nymphs of the Three Reproductive Forms. The three forms of nymphs of the reproductive types of ter- mites have a nomenclature corresponding to that of the mature reproductive forms, i. e., first, second and third. The nymphs of the first and second forms have been known since Lespes in 1856 recognized the second form and described it. Although the adult of the third form has been known since the time of Grassi's classic work in 1893-4 — where he termed it a "complementary" form — the nymph has remained unknown until recently when dis- covered by the present writer in 1917. The nymphs of these three forms will be described in detail later; briefly, the primary form has elongate wing-pads and de- velops into the winged, colonizing sexual adult. The nymph of the second form has short wing-pads; it is slightly more elongate than the nymph of the first form; these nymphs are much more PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 125 active than nymphs of the first form. Nymphs of the third form have neither wings nor wing-pads and but slight traces of eyes. Description of Nymphs of the First Form of Species of Reticiditermes. Nymphs of the first form are quite unlike the winged adult, to which they transform; this is not the case in nymphs of the sec- ond and third forms. First form nymphs are white in color, 7 mm. in length (R. flavipes), and have elongate wing-pads which extend backward as far as the 5th abdominal segment. These pads are opaque at maturity; they show traces of the adult wing venation. The compound eyes have a reddish brown pigmentation. The an- tenna consists of 17-18 segments. The body of this nymph, like most immature insects, has its parts somewhat grosser in structure than the adult. Stylets or genital appendices are present in both sexes on the ventral surface of the 9th abdominal segment. Description of Nymphs of the Second Form of Species of Reticiditermes. Except for the mature pigmentation, second form nymphs in general resemble their adults. Second form nymphs are white in color and 7-7.5 mm. in length (R. flavipes}. Instead of the long wing-pads of the nymphs of the first form, nymphs of this form have but short wing-pads or vestiges extending only to the 3rd abdominal segment. The an- tenna has 17-18 segments (R: flavipes). When matured to adults they attain slight pigmentation to the chitinized portions of the body; they possess only partial pigment in the compound eyes. Adult maturity is attained normally after the nymphs of the primary form have developed to winged, pigmented adults. Even as immature nymphs, second form nymphs are more active than those of the first form, yet their body structure is grosser in all parts. As adults of the second form, they are sexually mature, whereas first form adults do not attain their maturity until after the swarm. Stylets or abdominal appendices are present in both sexes on the ventral surface of the 9th abdominal segment. Description of Nymphs of the Third Form of Species of Reticiditermes. For many years the writer had noted that in certain colonies of species of Reticiilitermes, where there were numerous eggs and recently hatched young, it was impossible to find any enlarged first, second or even third reproductive forms. Nevertheless, in these colonies, nymphs worker-like in form, but with creamy 126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O white abdomen, often occurred. It was then suspected that these might be young reproductive forms of the third type. Careful histological study has proved this to be the case, (Thomp- son and Snyder, 1920). In general, third form nymphs resemble the adults except they lack the mature pigmentation. Third form nymphs are creamy white in color, 5-6 mm. in length (R. flampes); these nymphs are entirely apterous and possess neither wings nor wing-pads and but slight traces of the compound eyes; the antenna has 16-17 segments (R. flampes). Hence they are worker-like or "ergatoid." When mature, they attain a partial — very slight — pigmentation. Stylets or abdominal appendices are present in both sexes on the ventral surface of the 9th abdominal segment. Description of Nymphs of the Reproductive Forms of Other Genera of Termite's. In species of Termopsis nymphs of both the first and second forms have relatively shorter wing-pads than in species of Reticu- litermes. There are numerous forms with rudimentary wing-pads — intergrading intermediates between the nymphs of the second and third forms. These intermediate nymphs and nymphs of the third form are common. Nymphs of the second form are apparently not common in colonies; this is also true of second form adults. Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen, an Antillean termite, which oc- curs in southern Florida, has second form nymphs with peculiar curved and fused wing-pads (expanded thoracic plates). These nymphs and nymphs of the third form are common. Nymphs of the first form of this termite have not been found in Florida, but occur in Jamaica. Development of the Nymphs of the Reproductive Forms. In eastern United States nymphs of the first, second and third reproductive forms of species of Reticulitennes may attain their full mature length in the autumn. During late October and November, 1918, first form nymphs were found in colonies at Falls Church, Va., on which the wing-pads were of full length and with a light-pinkish pigmentation in the eyes, as Dobson (1918) has found to be the case in the vicinity of Boston, Mass. How- ever, full maturity of the nymphs of the first form, with the attainment of opaqueness of the wing-pads and fuller pigment to the eyes, is not until spring (the last of March or first of April) in Virginia. The nymphs of the second form become mature shortly afterwards — before the swarm. It is not known definitely when the third form nymphs become mature. Nymphs appar- ently mature have been collected in the late summer and fall in PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 127 Virginia and Massachusetts.1 Nymphs of the first, second and third forms at the proper season of the year pass through quies- cent stages of comparatively short duration, during the final molt, to their adult type. Prior to this final molt a series of molts have occurred, the number varying with the caste; in case of Nearctic termites, however, the definite number of molts necessary from hatching to maturity is unknown. Nevertheless, it is known that nymphs of the adults of the first form require a greater number of molts before attaining maturity than do the workers or soldiers. In the case of the nymphs of the first and second reproductive forms of species of Reticulitermes, there is an elongation of wing- pads during development; in all castes the segments of the an- tennae increase in number. During the final molt of all three re- productive forms — which occurs normally in the spring or summer in the case of eastern species, the anal appendices are lost in the female sex. Shortly after the molt, mature pigmentation is at- tained. This quiescent stage apparently serves the same pur- pose as the pupal stage of insects with a complete metamorphosis or development, since the most marked changes, both external and internal, take place during this molt. The whole period intervening between the fully developed nymph of the first form and the maturely pigmented winged adult is about one day and one-half to two days for individuals, and about one week to ten days for the colonies, in case of species of Reticulitermes in southeastern United States. A more detailed illustrated description of the quiescent stage and final molt of nymphs of the first and second forms has already been given in a previous paper, (Snyder, 1915). The manner in which the skin is shed, the attaining of pigmentation, the influ- ence of moisture, and peculiar abnormalities are all discussed. Comparison of the Development of Termite Nymphs with that of Nymphs of Aphids and Zorotypus. It is rather interesting to note that in the nymphal develop- ment of aphids, unlike termites, the "intermediate" female repro- ductive form, with short wing-pads, originates from a nymphal form with long wing-pads, (Turner and Baker, 1915). From the normal nymph ("pupa") with the usual type of wing pads there develop a large series of different "intermediate" reproductive forms; in some cases there being a loss of eyes and wing-pads or the length of the wing-pads is reduced — a reversion. In the case of Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell, as in termites, the 1 Mature young third form reproductive adults were found in a colony of R. flavipes at Chain Bridge, Va., May 6, 1920, (before the swarm) along with mature young second form reproductive adults and mature winged sexual adults . 128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O unpigmented apterous reproductive adult develops from an ap- terous nymph, while the pigmented winged adult develops from a nymph with long wing-pads. It is not known what nymph is the prototype of the pigmented apterous reproductive adult of Zorotypus snyderi Caudell. The Methods of Colonization (Formation of New Colonies). Flight of the Winged Colonizing Forms of Termites. The terms "swarm" and "nuptial flight" are neither appro- priate in referring to the emergence of the winged sexual adult termites, which is merely a colonizing flight and an aid in the dis- persal of the species. In case of species of Reticulitermes , after a short, irregular, unsteady flight, the males and females alight on the ground and separate into pairs. There is a marked sexual at- traction and the males follow the females about. The females find a suitable site for the new colony and the pair becomes estab- lished. Sexual mating or copulation does not take place at the time of the swarm, which is, therefore, not a "nuptial flight." Neither does copulation take place immediately after the swarm, but only after the pair are established in the new colony and the sexual organs have matured. Usually males and females from the same colony mate, but sometimes they mate with individuals from nearby colonies which are swarming at the same time. These insects that have taken this flight never return again to the parent colony, or again congregate in the same colony as does the honey bee, but form new colonies. Usually the colonizing adults of the same species make their first flight, which is numerically largest, at the same time in a wide area of country. This annual production of winged sexual adults in enormous numbers is undoubtedly for the further dif- fusion and perpetuation of the species; a wider diffusion can be accomplished by flight than through subterranean tunnels. Fur- thermore, places otherwise inaccessible can be reached; for exam- ple, some termites have colonies in the buttresses of the few remaining large bald cypress trees (Taocodium distichum) in Lake Drummond, Dismal Swamp, near Wallacetown, Va. Unless carried by the wind, termites do not fly very far. The great majority of the colonizing adults of species in the genus Reticulitermes and other subterranean species, after the short vacillating flight, alight or fall to the ground and lose their wings. They then excavate cells in or under decaying wood lying on the ground. The night-flying species of the family Kalotermitidae are stronger fliers; they retain their wings until they have located a suitable place to excavate a cell in wood. PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NTO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O I2Q Diurnal Swarming. — The species of Reticnlitcrmes in the east- ern United States always swarm during the day time; in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., usually in the morning or about noon of a \varm, sunny day in the spring or summer. Some- times there are large numbers of winged adults present in colo- nies of species of Reticnlitenncs in the eastern United States, and it is probable that there are also swarms in autumn. Only one species of this genus (R. aureus Snyder) has ever been collected at night fat light in Arizona), so they are probably not normally nocturnal in habit. Rainfall is not a factor that in- duces swarming in the more humid east. Amitermes tubiformans Buckley and A. (?) per plexus Banks swarm during the day in Texas. Small inconspicuous species swarm during the daytime. Nocturnal Swarming. — Species of the genera Termopsis, Kalo- termes, Constrictotermes Holmgren, and Nasutitermes Banks are night-flying termites, and their winged adults have been collected in large numbers on the wing at lights at night; this is probably an aid to mating, by bringing the sexes together. They are strong fliers. In the case of Termopsis angusticollis Hagen and T. nevadensis Hagen, the swarm usually begins at dusk but the insects continue to fly until late in the evening. The same is true of the species of Kalotennes. The period of flight of species of Termopsis in the same locality extends over a period of several months in summer and autumn, i. e., often from early to late summer. In this case the flight does not consist of large numbers of adults, but of 50 to 200 adults, more or less. Large conspicuous species swarm after dusk. In arid or dry sections of the country, as in certain portions of the southwestern States, on the prairies and Great Plains, termites usually swarm after a rainfall or during alight drizzle, as is charac- teristic of many tropical termites. This is an adaptive habit probably due to the fact that the ground is dry and hard and, unless the swarm occurred just after or during a rain, the termites could not establish or would have great difficulty in establishing new colonies. These conditions of soil do not prevail in the more humid eastern portions of the United States, where the ground is usually more moist and favorable ; in consequence rainfall has no influence on the time of swarming. Seasonal Variations in the Time of Swarming. The different species of the same genus rarely swarm at the same time in the same locality; this effectively prevents inter- specific breeding. 130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 The dates of swarming, or the colonizing flights of termites vary not only with the species and the geographical location, but also with the season. There may be several swarms of adults of a species of Reticuli- termes from one colony, distributed over a period of several weeks. The first swarm, however, consists of the greatest number of individuals. Species in the family Kalotermitidae may fly irregularly over a period of several months. New or incipient colonies are established, after a short flight, by the winged colonizing sexual adults of the first form, that swarm. These colonies are formed in the earth under decaying wood lying on the ground; in this wood; under loose bark on dead trees or logs; or in crevices in trees — anywhere where there is a sufficient supply of moisture. Within a few days after the swarm the young parent adults may be found in such sites, but they later disappear, penetrating more deeply into the wood. These winged males and females of the first form, after losing the wings, become the reproductive forms of the normal or first form type with wing stubs. Reproductive forms of this type are not rare or difficult to find at the proper season of the year in colonies of species of Reticulitennes eastern United States, but in the region of the Great Plains they must be far below ground during dry seasons, since they have not been found as yet. Conditions in these regions may be somewhat similar to those in Sicily where Grassi (1893) studied the habits of R. lucifugus Rossi, and account for the fact that he was unable to find this type of reproductive form. Grassi believed that the colonizing forms were all destroyed or irretrievably lost at the time of the swarm. The "Pseudo-Flight of the Second Form Colonizing Adults of Reticulitermes Virginicus Banks. As has been previously stated: "The colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar and mrginicus Banks, found in the southeastern United States in the spring, often contain nymphs of the second form, sometimes in large numbers, associated with either nymphs of the first form or winged sexual adults. These young repro- ductive types of the second form attain their mature pigmenta- tion at about the same time that the colonizing winged adults or reproductive types of the first form swarm, but after the swarm they are not found in the parent colonies. We may ask why they are produced and what becomes of them? They are not needed in the parent colony any more than the winged colonizing forms, and it may be that they are impelled to leave the old col- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O 131 ony by the same irresistible force that induces the swarm or flight." "Since the origin of the castes is due to intrinsic causes, (Thompson, 1017), a certain proportionate num- ber of these nymphs of the second form may be produced each year in long established colonies with parent first form adults, they would evidently be superfluous if the original reproductive forms of the parent colony were present, and might, therefore, be forced to migrate," (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). The manner of formation of new colonies by adults of the sec- ond form is not even yet definitely known. It was formerly be- lieved that, at about the time of the swarm of the colonizing adults of the first form, the wingless adults, accompanied by workers and soldiers, left the parent colony through subterranean galleries. This method of colony formation would be fairly sure and rapid, avoiding most of the dangers to which the winged adults are exposed when they come above ground and fly in the sunlight. This would be another safeguard to insure the dis- persal and perpetuation of the species. Under these circum- stances, the reproductive forms would not have to establish a home for themselves nor forage for food — as do the adults of the first form, they would be cared for and nourished by the workers, their only function would be reproduction. The number of eggs laid and the rate of increase would be rapid in colonies founded by second form adults on account of the care and also the fact that these forms are polygamous and that a large number of females and a proportionate number of males are present. The rate of increase in such colonies would greatly surpass, from the first, that of the single pair of first form adults.1 In view of these previous surmises as to methods of subter- ranean colonization, an observation made of a swarm of Reticuli- termes mrginicus Banks at Falls Church, Va., on June 7, 1919 1 Feytaud states that the first form adults are useful to the entire race, whereas adults of the second form are merely useful to the individual colony. It will be shown later, however, that second form adults may mate with members of other colonies and thus escape in-breeding. Silvestri believed that the substitution of the "complementary" sexual forms for the dealated was due to calculation on the part of the workers, due to the greater reproductive powers of the larger number of "comple- mentary" queens than that of a single dealated "true" queen. In that event the latter was sacrificed. Feytaud also explains the more general occurrence of the "substitute" queens in case of the species R. lucifugiis as due to climatic influence, main- taining that the winged forms were very sensitive to varying conditions of humidity. 132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 is of interest and value. The winged adults were observed at 10.45 A. M. (sun time) flying from a stump at an oblique angle in a narrow mass; they flew towards the southwest. The winged forms were clustered in large numbers on top of the stump (in woodland) in which the colony was located, the white wings and black bodies giving the mass a grey appearance. The day was hot and bright and the insects were strikingly visible as they flew in the sunshine. The beginning of the swarm was not observed, but the flight was over at 11.15. (There was a thunder storm and rain about 4 P. M.) As is usual, chinquapin (Castanea pum- ila) was in first full bloom, coincident with the swarm of R. mrginicus. When the winged adults had nearly all left the top of the stump and I had finished taking photographs of the s\varm, a careful examination of the top of the stump was made in search of the abnormally developed winged adults or deformities which usually accompany a swarm, (Snyder, 1915). With these abnormalities and a few belated remaining normal winged adults were found quite a few pigmented adults of the second form actively running about the top of the stump in the nearly full sunlight. They came out of crevices and ran about and sought other crevices, fell off the stump to the ground or into a spider web at one side of the stump near the base. This was possibly a manifestation of or a reversion to the ancestral habit of swarming — these apter- ous forms have inherited the instinct to swarm but not the wings and this running about is all that they can achieve. Ap- parently, these adults were able to "keep their course," either by vision, by tactile sense or olfactory sense perception. Second form adults of both sexes wrere present; the body pig- mentation in some cases was darker than usual (although just as dark forms have been found previously) and the compound eye was more pigmented and prominent than is normally the case. Several theories may be propounded to account for the presence of the second form adults outside of the parent colonies or the "pseudo-flight:" 1. These may be in reality abnormally developed first form adults. The shortness of the wing-pads and pigment would ren- der this doubtful since first form adults do not attain pigment till the wings are fully expanded. However, there are other characters, both external and internal, which have definitely dis- proved this conjecture. The chief external character by which it can be proved that these are second, and not first form, adults are the meso- and meta-thoracic tergites. In the first form they are in two main parts, whereas in the second form they seem to PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 133 be only in one part. The size of the body and the size of the eyes and ocelli are other external characters which determine that these are second form adults. Stained total mounts show definitely that, according to form and size of the brain, frontal gland, sex organs, and other internal organs, these are young second form adults. Therefore, if they are normal second form adults, this theory is disproved. However, granting that: — 2. They are normal second form re- productive adults, they might have been accidentally carried out of the parent colony by the emergence of the winged forms — -the normal ( ?) method of egress of second forms being by subterranean galleries. Only additional observations in the field can def- initely determine whether this is the case or not, but it is very improbable ! Another view might be that: — 3. This "pseudo-flight" is the normal method for the egress of second form adults from the parent colony — they being later "adopted" by small bands of foraging workers and soldiers. This may be possible, but is a rather haphazard "hit or miss" method. It is much more probable that: — 4. This "pseudo-flight" is the normal manner of the exodus and the young second form adults are able to survive alone. This is the natural and an entirely reasonable supposition, but there are biological facts that tend to disprove this, or at least throw some doubt on this view. As will be shown below, this reproductive caste is apparently greatly dependent upon workers. It may be that: — 5. The normal egress is through subterranean galleries, the reproductive forms being accompanied by workers and soldiers. Or that: — -6. The second form adults, emerging from the par- ent colony through subterranean galleries, are "adopted" by forag- ing workers. The most probable of these views, based upon rather incom- plete field data, are :— That the "pseudo-flight" is the normal manner by which second form adults establish new colonies and that they are able when young to survive without the aid of workers and soldiers. It is possible that second form adults may also leave the parent colony through subterranean galleries, being accompanied by workers and soldiers. Subcolonies or temporary colonies are frequently found with apparently only workers and soldiers present; these subcolonies, which furnish increased facilities for habitation and food sup- plies, are possibly offshoots from the parent colony or nest and 134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O are established by means of subterranean passages, which are extended for long distances by the foraging workers and soldiers. Sometimes, however, similar small colonies are found with young second or third reproductive forms present. From the foregoing will be seen that it would be possible dur- ing this "pseudo-flight" for adults of the second form from one colony to mate with those of another colony — a rather remote possibility in case the exodus were through subterranean gal- leries— and exclusive in-breeding avoided, just as in case of the winged colonizing adults. In view of the fact that the sex organs of the young second form adults are ready to function at the time of the pseudo-flight —which is not true of the young first form adults at the time of the flight — copulation undoubtedly occurs as soon as the sexes are established under decaying wood on the ground, under bark, or in some other suitable location. It is probable that many adults congregate together in a suitable habitat. It is extremely doubtful if there ever is monogamous pairing in this caste, as is the rule in the case of the first form adults. Indeed, even mating and subsequent cross-breeding between first and second form adults might be brought about by means of the pseudo-flight. But on account of the rarity of the occur- rence of such cross-breeding between two different types of repro- ductive forms in colonies in nature, such an event probably does not often occur. These peculiar relations are also, however, usually under con- ditions of polygamy due to congregation of the sexes. It would be rather difficult for even a zealous and adventurous first form male to collect a "harem" of 16 second form females, such a ratio of sexes and castes being found in colonies in the field. But a first form male could enter the habitat of second form repro- ductive types and breed with the females (or the sex relation be reversed), after the sex organs of the first form adults had ma- tured. Subterranean Exodus of Third Form Colonizing Adult Termites. Young adults of the third form are present in colonies of spe- cies of Reticulitermes in the southeastern United States, at the proper season of the year. Like adults of the second form, these third form adults become sexually mature before the winged adults of the first form. The lack of pigmentation to the body and absence of the com- pound eyes very probably indicate a subterranean mode of exodus from the parent colony — accompanied, without doubt, by workers and soldiers. If it were necessary for these forms to be PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 135 exposed to the light there would be pigment in the body tissue. In case of species Termopsis, which are not subterranean in habit, third form adults, which are found in colonies, have deeper pigment to the body and portions of compound eyes are present. Offshoot colonies may be established in the same log or even in nearby logs by these third form adults. Third form adults of Prorhinotermes simplex Hagen have a deep pigmentation to the body and have both eyes and ocelli; hence these reproductive forms are capable of coming out of parent colonies in infested logs into the full sunlight and establish new colonies in nearby logs. The deeply pigmented apterous adults of species of Zorotypus may do likewise ; it is not yet proved whether Zorotypus is a social insect with a caste system, or not, i. e., lives in colonies or is merely gregarious and lives in communities. If the latter is true, of course the migration would necessarily not be accompanied by workers. Much of this, however, is conjec- ture. Third form adults of termites, like adults of the second form, are polygamous, there being a large number of females to a small number of males. The presence of either of the two types of third form reproductive adults of Zorotypus in large numbers in the same community indicates that the habit of polygamy likewise occurs in case of apterous adults in the order Zoraptera. Results of Breeding Experiments. The preliminary results of breeding experiments conducted with species of Reticulitermes, Neotermes and Termopsis have al- ready been briefly outlined in previous papers, (Snyder, 1915, Thompson and Snyder, 1919, and Banks and Snyder, 1920). A more detailed account will be given herewith. Heath (1903) has described breeding experiments conducted with species of Reticu- litermes and Termopsis; some of Heath's results need further elucidation. Feytaud (1912) has published the results of his breeding ex- periments with Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi; Feytaud's results differing somewhat from those obtained by the writer with other species of Reticulitermes in the United States; unlike in the writ- er's experiments, no soldiers were reared in his incipent colonies. Wheeler (1907) states that: "In incipient ant colonies, the queen mother takes no food, often for as long a period as eight or nine months, and during all this time is compelled to feed her first brood of larvae exclusively on the excretions of her salivary glands. This diet, which is purely qualitative, though very lim- ited in quantity, produces only workers, and these of an extremely small size (micrergates)." 136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 It will be seen that, while the life history of ants and termites is quite different, in both insects the establishment of incipient colonies is no easy matter, and that the results of this struggle for existence are reflected in the character (both as to caste and stature) of the progeny. A discussion follows of the progeny of the different types of termite reproductive forms. Progeny of First Form Adults. In case of termites, in incipient colonies of species of Reticuli- termes and Termopsis the young couple of dealated adults share the small, shallow cell, at which time the abdomens of both the male and female become slightly distended. This is due both to development of sex organs and body fat. Unlike the young dealated queen ant in an incipient colony, both young parent adults masticate wood for food. The first brood of young de- velop to workers and a few soldiers, these individuals of both castes being slightly smaller than normal adult individuals in old, long-established colonies. No nymphs of sexual adults are produced during the first year ; the reason for this will be explained later. This smaller size of workers and soldiers of the first brood may be explained by the fact that, while in the older colonies the young would receive food from and be cared for by a large number of workers, in incipient colonies, the young would receive only the care of the young parent adults. The rate of egg laying of the young and active queens of species of Reticulitermes is not very rapid; clusters of eggs in numbers varying from 6 to 12 are in the cells with the young pairs. Hence, the new colony is at first very small; even after rearing the first brood of workers and soldiers the increase in numbers is not rapid. About the middle of July, 1912, at Falls Church, Va., about 12 small white eggs in a cluster were observed in a cell with a young pair of Reticulitermes ftavipes Kollar. At least three repro- ductive forms were observed, probably two males and one fe- male. These had been captured after the swarm on May 8, in the earth under a small piece of decaying wood. On July 29, the first newly hatched young were observed, and on October 30, seven workers and one soldier surrounded a single dealated pair of reproductive forms. Fragments of the chitinized parts of another dealated reproductive adult were found in the wood near the cell containing the young colony. The abdomen of this egg- laying female, 13 months after swarming, was oblong and some- what distended, the segments of the abdomen being slightly sep- PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 6, JUXE, 1920 137 arated and displaying the white pleural tissue between. No eggs had been laid since those deposited in July; during this time the male continued to cohabit with the female and both adults were active. Thus it will be seen that development under the foregoing con- ditions is at best a slow process. The male and the female are equally important in the establishment of the new colony and in the independent rearing of the first brood of young. This brood is reared within the confines of this small chamber. On February- 21, 191.3, nine or more additional eggs were ob- served in a cluster near the cell of the above mentioned pair. On February 24, the first recently hatched young were observed. The abdomen of the queen at this time was not markedly dis- tended. On May 16, freshly hatched young were again present in this colony. On August 15, six eggs, as well as recently hatched young, were present in the cell. The male still cohabited with the female, and the abdomen of this young queen was not as yet markedly distended. While recently hatched young are active, they are dependent on the care of the young parents, or later, upon the workers for prepared food. Termites differ from other social insects, such as the ants and the honey bee, in that the sexual relations of the male and the female are continuous. Copulation probably does not take place until about one week after the swarm and the establishment of the pair in a cell in wood, but is repeated at irregular intervals over a period of many years. Copulation and egg laying ceases in the young colony after the first batch is laid and is not re- sumed until this brood is mature. Thereafter copulation and egg laying occur at shorter intervals and more frequently until with the growth of the colony the abdomen of the queen gradually enlarges, eventually becoming greatly distended, due to the enor- mous development of the ovaries through the constant care and feeding of the workers ; she no longer masticates wood for food (the jaw muscles degenerate — Thompson and Snyder, 1920), but is ifed on prepared food by the workers. Such an actual post-adult growth is rare among insects. However, queens of Nearctic species of termites never attain the size of tropical species. Even in large, well-established col- onies the rate of egg laying of single dealated queens is not re- markable. However, in large long-established colonies tens of thousands of eggs are present; unfortunately, the type of repro- ductive forms present in such colonies is not known. Similar rearing experiments were carried on with other species of Reticnlitermes with practically the same results. The following 138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 is a tabulated statement of the rearing of a brood by a pair of dealated adults of R. virginicus Banks. On May 18, 1915, at Palls Church, Va. Mature nymphs of the first form and those in quiescent stages, also sexual adults attaining wings and mature pigmentation, were placed in rearing. June 5, 1915. Sexual adults swarmed. June 25, 1915. First eggs in royal cells in wood. Middle July, 1915. Egg laying completed. August 4, 1915. Eggs not yet all hatched, nymphs in various stages of development. Abdomens of queens not markedly distended, males in cells with females. December 3, 1915, Workers and soldiers attaining maturity. January 8, 1916. Same. February 9, 1916. Workers and soldiers nearly mature, workers 3 mm. in length. Soldiers 4 mm. in length. Eggs in clusters in galleries over 1 dozen. Eggs approximately .70 mm. in length and nearly .5 mm. in width, vary in size. Many workers with mutiliated antennae. Reproductive, forms active antennae mutilated and abdomens of queens not markedly distended or the segments as yet separated. February 17, 1916. Eggs as yet unhatched since February 9/16. No recently hatched nymphs, only about x/2 dozen eggs observed. March 2, 1916. 2 recently hatched nymphs and 6 unhatched eggs in nest, eggs in cluster and active young nymphs near eggs. March 15, 1916. 2 unhatched eggs and 2 recently hatched young ob- served in nest, nymphs near eggs. April 5, 1916. Eggs all hatched, nymphs in various stages from recently hatched to twice this size, 3.5 mm. workers, 4.5 mm. soldiers; workers and soldiers 13 segments to antennae, mature. June 6, 1916. Worker 3.5 mm. in length, mature, some soldiers only 3.5 mm. in length. It has been shown that, in incipient colonies of Reticulitermes in southeastern United States, most of the young of the first broods develop to workers with a few soldiers and that no nymphs of the sexual individuals are developed during the first year. The workers constitute the caste most necessary for the welfare and conduct of the new colony. Feytaud (1912) obtained no soldiers in the initial broods of colonies of Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi in Europe; he did find nymphs of sexual adults in colonies during the first year (after 8 months) — which leads him to the conclusion that this was a sign that the stability of the colony was assured. When old, first form queens with distended abdomens are taken from well stocked long-established colonies and are placed in artificial colonies — with or without the male — and with workers PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 139 and soldiers, their abdomens soon become shrunken and the female dies. This is possibly due to insufficient nourishment. Very often the male survives. Younger first form queens from small colonies, although the abdomen becomes shrunken, continue to live — with or without the male — since the number of workers necessary for their sup- port is not so great. In the absence of the male the eggs which are laid by mature queens are infertile; they do not hatch. In case of species of Termopsis — large primitive termites — the initial rate of egg laying and development is somewhat more rapid. As many as 15 to 30 eggs are laid by young dealated par- ent adults, (Heath, 1903). Nearctic species of Kalotermes, which although some morpho- logical characters make it appear to be more primitive than Ter- mopsis— such as the presence of ocelli — are less primitive, as is evidenced in the numerous, more sharply defined species of Kalo- termes and in the reduction of certain parts. The initial rate of egg laying of species of Kalotermes is about the same as that of species of Reticulitermes — namely 6-12 eggs in the first batch. Progeny of Second Form Adults. In certain colonies of termites, reproductive individuals of the second form occur with a small proportion of males to a large proportion of females. In the genus Reticulitermes as many as eight males together with thirty-two females, and fifteen males with twenty-eight females, both sexes of the second form, have been found. In species of Reticulitermes, 40 to 100 reproductive individuals of the second form may be present in the same colony, suitably distributed by small groups in separate chambers in different locations in the colony. Apparently these reproductive forms are more numerous in small sized colonies than in older, long-established colonies. Doubtless there is a high rate of mortality among young reproduc- tive forms of this type. While the ovary development of mature individual queens of the second form is not as great as in queens of the first form, the habit of polygamy makes the rate of egg laying in the colony greater in case of second form queens. Both field observations and breeding experiments seem to indi- cate that the second and possibly the third forms produce, in addition to the sterile workers and soldiers, only their own fer- tile types and never nymphs of the first form. In other words, the second and third form reproductive adults apparently breed true to their fertile types. In some artificial colonies with pun-nt 140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 reproductive individuals of the second form, no reproductive forms but only sterile workers and soldiers have been produced. This seems to be the case in the two following experiments, (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). The Rev. F. L. Odenbach received in September, 1900, a small colony of termites (Neotermes castaneus Burm.) from Florida. He placed these insects in an artificial nest and has continued to make observations on their habits. On July 1, 1902, eggs were found in the nest. In February, 1908, about 150 members were present in the colony. In September, 1908, and again in June, 1909, reproductive forms were observed in the nest, much larger than the other members of the colony, and some with an enlarged abdomen, the body segments appearing as prominent chitinous bands, due to distention, a characteristic of the older termite queens. From Odenbach's description these were evidently re- productive individuals of the second or third form; this will be determined later, since at present it is not desirable to disturb the activity of the colony. In December, 1910, approximately 200 individuals were in the nest. This colony was still alive in September, 1917. Nymphs and soldiers, but no forms with wing- pads nor any winged adults have been produced in this colony after 17 years of breeding. On August 2, 1915, the writer received a colony of a termite (Reticulitcnncs tibialis Banks) from Ivywild, Colo., found in a scrub white oak, and consisting of workers, soldiers and nymphs. On November 22, 1915, 3 females with abdomens considerably distended and 2 males with slightly distended abdomens were observed in the nest. These were reproductive individuals of the second form and had greyish and yellow pigmentation in the chitinized parts. While numerous eggs have been found every month in the year in this artificial colony, maintained indoors, and while the number of workers and soldiers has increased, no forms with wing pads or wings have been produced up to De- cember, 1918, after 3 years of breeding, and the colony is large- several hundred members — and healthy. On December 31, 1918, the wood in which this colony was lo- cated was opened and a careful inventory was taken of the colony. Four reproductive forms and young were observed. Since then the colony has failed and a large number of workers died, prob- ably due to this disturbance. On June 27, 1919, second form reproductive adults were still living in the wood; very few workers were observed. The abdo- mens of the reproductive forms had shrunken. On September 25, I'll'), only 2 second form adults were found to be alive; the abdomens were shrunken but the pigmentation PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O 141 of one form appeared to be darker — the latter possibly due to unfavorable moisture conditions. Very few workers and no sol- diers were observed; the colony appeared to be moribund. A more careful examination on October 4, 1919, revealed that the darkly pigmented form was a male of the normal second form with short wing pads, whereas the lighter colored form was a female with very short or vestigial wing pads — an intermediate. The abdomen of this queen was not distended. Only (i living workers were found. The colony was still alive and was watched with considerable interest to observe developments. It was not believed that these old forms could thrive or reproduce without a large number of workers to care for and feed them. On December 15, 1919, all the termites in this colony were dead. The criticism can scarcely be made that there has not been sufficient time for the production of winged forms, for even in recently established incipient colonies in nature the nymphs of the winged reproductive forms are produced after IS months. Heath (1903) found winged adult termites of Termopsis angus- ticollis Hagen swarming from nests in which males and females of the first form were present, the nests being only two years old and containing 200 individuals. The writer has made observations on the habits of termites since 1912, mainly in the southeastern United States, but in the season of 1917, during an extensive field trip through Florida, the southwest, the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific Coast regions. It may be stated with certainty that: (1) In long-established colonies, in which large fertilized queens of the second form oc- curred, no nymphs or winged adults of the first form have been found; (2) in all colonies in which queens of the third form were found, no nymphs or winged adults of the first form occurred; most of these colonies, however, were small or young, that is, they had been recently established. In one large colony of R. ftavipes in Virginia, with 17 third form queens present, a few nymphs of the second form were found. In species of Reticulitermes, mature second form queens, like those of the first form, will not survive in artificial colonies unless there are a large number of workers present to care for them. No mature second form adults have as yet been found in col- onies of Prorhinotermes simplex. Insufficient specimens of reproductive individuals of the second form have been thus far found in colonies of Termopsis and Kalo- termes to warrant the drawing of definite conclusions. In the higher termites — the Termitinae Banks — such as Ami- 142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 termes tubiformans Buckley, as yet only a few form second adults have been found and these have been young, (Banks and Snyder, 1920). Progeny of Third Form Adults. For many years the writer has found that in certain colonies of species of Reticulitermes, where there were numerous eggs and recently hatched young present, it was often impossible to find mature or enlarged reproductive forms present. Nevertheless, in these colonies often nymphs, or young adults, worker-like in form but with creamy white abdomens occurred. It was sus- pected that these might be reproductive forms and such has proven to be the case, (Thompson and Snyder, 1920). The ovary development of individual queens of the third form is less than that of either that of the first or second forms, (Thomp- son and Snyder, 1919). However, reproductive adults of the third form, as well as those of the second form, have the advantage over those of the first form of being polygamous. It is not known what the relative proportion of males is to females in reproductive individuals of the third form, due to the difficulty in distinguishing these males from the workers. In a large, long-established colony of Reticulitermes flavipes at Falls Church, Va., 17 mature queens of the third form with markedly distended abdomens were transferred to an artificial colony. The abdomens became shrunken, although a fairly large number of workers and soldiers were present, and they soon died — without doubt due to lack of sufficient nourishment. In case of species of the more primitive genera Termopsis and Kalotermes, reproductive individuals of the third form are active and their abdomens are relatively not so markedly distended as in species of Reticulitermes. They are not so dependent upon the immature nymphs of the reproductive forms for care and nour- ishment as these queens are upon workers in species of Reticuli- termes; the nymphs take the place of the workers, which are lacking. There are no data at hand, as yet, as to the habits of the mature third form queens of Prorhinotermes simplex. The proportion of the mature males to the females in a representative large colony in southern Florida was '2 males to 8 females. In a smaller colony of this termite, 11 young third form adults were found, 4 being males and 7 females. There is need of more data on reproductive adults of the third form. Like adults of the second form, they apparently breed true to type and never produce first or second form adults. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 14.; Progeny of "Intermediate" Reproductive Forms of Termites. There is, as yet, no reliable data on the progeny of any of the intermediate reproductive forms. However, it is believed, from facts noted during observations of colonies in the field and from the results of breeding in artificial colonies, that the intermediate forms with mere wing vestiges probably breed true to type, as do second form adults. It wrould be extremely interesting to know whether or not the intermediate reproductive form with long wing-pads — resembling a nymph of the first form except for the mature pigment, which is as in second form adults — produced winged adults or not. Infertility of Termite Soldiers with Wing Vestiges. In colonies of species of Kalotennes soldiers with rudimentary wing-pads and deeper pigmentation are fairly common — a pos- sible reversion to the winged ancestral condition. In this connection, it is also interesting to note that recently a colony of the large primitive termite Kalotennes occidentis Walker has been found in Sabino Canyon in the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona. Formerly this species had only been known from the two type specimens in the British Museum, de- scribed by Walker in 1S5.S from the west coast of Central America, and several soldier nymphs from Angel Guardia Island in the Gulf of Mexico, Lower California. A large series of soldiers from this colony in Arizona showed the characteristically long wing-pads (longer and with the traces of wing venation more distinct than in other species) which occurred on the species from Angel Guardia Island. Every specimen of a large series of all soldiers of this termite, including the types, shows these vestiges of wing-pads. This is very unusual, and is not true of the soldiers of any other species of termite; other primitive termites have occasional sol- diers with wing-pads. None of the higher more specialized termites have soldiers with wing-pads. It was thought some of these soldiers might be fertile Wheeler (1907) records workers and soldiers with vestiges of wings in ants ; he terms them "pterergates." "The pterergate is a worker or soldier with vestiges of wings on a thorax of the typical ergate or dinergate form, such as occurs in certain species of M yrmica and Cryptocems" - (Wheeler, 1913). The fertility of these soldier termites — if it had been estab- lished— together with the vestigial wing-pads could be looked upon as evidence of a primitive ancestral condition, when all ter- mites were winged and fertile. No fertile workers have as yet been found to occur among termites, nor any workers with wing- pads or vestigial wings. There is no definite proof that fertile 144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 termite soldiers occur despite the presence of soldiers with wing- pads, nor is any data at hand as to their progeny, although Heath (1903) has recorded fertile soldiers in the species Termopsis angus- ticollis Hagen that produced "normal progeny." In fact, recent histological work by Miss Thompson has definitely proved that soldiers with wing-pads are not fertile. Attempts at Cross-Breeding. In colonies of Reticulitermes, in logs in the forest, sometimes a male of the first form is found with numerous (as many as sixteen) mature females of the second form. Grassi would have described these second form females as "substitute" queens, pro- duced by the workers to fill the place of a missing "true" first form, dealated queen. It is an open question how they are to be accounted for with our present knowledge, as we have no exact data as to the progeny. In another instance, three queens of the third form and one queen of the second form of a species of Reticulitermes were found together in the same colony. However, both sexes of two different mature reproductive castes have never been found in one and the same colony of a species of Reticulitermes. On account of the lack of reliable data on the progeny of such reproductive forms — which undoubtedly were cross-breeding under natural conditions — as previously stated, (Thompson and Snyder, 1919), it was planned to undertake, with Miss Thompson, a thorough investigation of the termite castes, especially of the three stable reproductive types, with an analysis of their breeding, to be carried on by means of field and laboratory observations and by breeding experiments which would require several years to complete. A beginning was made in the spring of 1919 to cross reproductive forms of different types of Reticulitermes flavipes under artificial conditions. The following is a brief summary of these attempts: Methods. A large series of young second form female adults of Reticuli- termes ftavipes, which possibly may have been fertilized by second form males, were taken from a fairly small colony and placed with mature first form dealated males, which had not copulated, in small shallow cells in decayed wood sunken in moist sand in glass jars and tin boxes. Results. After a period of ten days to two weeks all these second form females had died, but the first form males were still living and were active; they evidently were prepared to forage for themselves, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O 145 whereas the second form adults needed the care and nourishment usually afforded them by the workers. Possibly the jaw muscles in these young second form adults had begun to degenerate, through disuse in masticating wood, as happens later, (Thompson and Snyder, 1920). On account of lack of specimens and oppor- tunity to collect others at the proper season, no further crossing was attempted. It is believed that second form males — like the females — would have succumbed, without the workers. Never- theless, further efforts at crossing the different reproductive types will be made, with species of several genera. Summary and Conclusions. In the preceding pages, the three types of colonizing reproduc- tive forms of termites, and the nymphs from which they develop, have been described; "intermediate" forms have also been dis- cussed. Data on the occurrence and habits of these different reproduc- tive forms have been presented. The different methods by which these three reproductive forms establish new colonies have been outlined and the progeny of these forms described. The results of experiments in breeding and cross-breeding have been used to supplement observations on these reproductive forms made in the field. It seems to the writer not unreasonable to conclude that the sec- ond and third reproductive forms, as well as the intermediates, in termites are mutations! They, so far as is known, breed true to type; in this case then, all the castes are mutations from the parent first form, and a plausible explanation for the phenomenon of polymorphism is afforded. As has been shown before, (Thomp- son and Snyder, 1919 i "A gradation of characters can be traced throughout the series." "These castes might be interpreted either as gradations in a series of continuous or fluc- tuating variations, or as a series of regressive mutations, i. c., mutations formed by the loss of characters, comparable to the series of mutations found in Drosophila." "Should the former prove to be the case, then transitional or intermediate forms between the existing castes should be expected, but it must be remembered that mutations also may be arranged to form a structural series, even though they may not have originated in this order," (Thompson and Snyder, 19111). As has been shown, rather few intermediate forms have as yet been found. The sterile worker and soldier (also nasuti) castes and colony life have existed among termites since the late Tertiary period, for these forms are found as fossils in gum copal, indicating an 146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 early development of polymorphism. However, the highly specialized different types of colonizing reproductive forms (with the exception of the winged first form) and the "intermediates" very probably have been evolved comparatively recently — in geo- logical history — since the Tertiary period. The three main evolutionary factors are Lamarck's factor of the origin of variations through environmental action; Darwin's the survival of chance variations, which are adapted to the en- vironment; the DeVries' chance variations, i. e., mutations, which may or may not be useful, i. e., adapted to the environment. A morphological study of termites indicates to the writer that certain structural peculiarities in case of the workers and soldiers, which appear to indicate adaptation to environment and as the result of use, are rather to be explained as chance variations \vhich have survived through adaptation to environment, (Snyder, 1919).1 The workers of certain species of subterranean termites living in the hard dry soil of the semi-arid southwestern states have the prothoracic tibiae enlarged, i. e., subfossorial, and the enlarged legs might appear to be the result of use or response to environment. However, other termites living under the same conditions, have not the enlarged tibiae. The highly specialized soldier caste is in certain species often of little apparent use to the colony life. There is great variation in the size and shape of both the mandibulate soldiers and the nasuti. In the case of species in the genus Capritermes Wasmann, the peculiar twisted shape of the mandibles of the soldier caste can certainly not be explained as a useful adaptation; the man- dibles must be almost useless 'for the purpose of defense against marauding enemies of the colony. It appears to the writer that the origin of the castes of termites can only be explained by DeVries' mutation theory. It will be remembered that mutations are chiefly of two kinds — progressive and regressive ; progressive mutations possess new characters not present in the parents and regressive mutations are those which have lost some of the parental characters. In termites, in addition to the worker, soldier, the three stable reproductive types, and the "intermediate" reproductive types, there are other forms which may be considered to be mutants. I have already discussed these forms in a previous paper, (Banks and Snyder, 1920) : "Certain abnormalities have been noted, (Snyder, 1915) in the metamor- phosis of the nymphs of the first form to the winged adult. Individuals 1 1919. Snyder, T. E. Some significant structural modifications in Nearc- tic termites. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 21, No. 5, May. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 147 may be observed with partial pigmentation to the chitinized parts, but with the wings partially unfolded, or unfolded but crumpled wings, or merely the long opaque wing pads of the mature nymph before the last quiescent stage and molt. Other individuals that may have the mature body pigmentation, but distorted or poorly developed wings, or even wing-pads, emerge with the normal winged adults at the time of the swarm. "It was formerly explained that these abnormally developed individuals were merely abnormalities due entirely to unfavorable conditions of moisture. Now, however, when considered with certain 'intermediate' forms, these ab- normalities may be termed fluctuating variations or mutations from the nor- mal winged reproductive forms, (Thompson and Snyder, 1919). These ab- normal forms, together with the 'intermediate' forms represent almost a complete series beginning with normal wings and ending with the apterous reproductive form, a large intergrading series. On these intermediate forms the length of the wing pads ranges from the long wing pads of the nymphs of the first form to vestigial buds. "These abnormalities and 'intermediates' have partial pigmentation to the body, and the intermediates have various stages of eye development, ranging from partial mature pigmentation to the eye to merely traces of the eye. "In the forms which develop abnormally at the time of the quiescent stage and final molt of the nymph of the first form there are various forms which might be compared to the 'club,' 'vestigial,' and 'stumpy' wings of the mutants of Drosophila melanogaster (ampelophila). "The writer has, unfortunately, only preserved a small series of these ab- normalities which occur 'wild,' or in nature, as well as in rearing cages or artificial colonies; these are mostly females — 5 females and 3 males." It will be noted that there is not only much variation in the development of the eye of the intermediate reproductive adults (near the stable second form adults), but there is also much range in the intensity of body pigment. To summarize, from the viewpoint of the mutation theory, all of these problems, involving the social system and the highly specialized castes, which can not be satisfactorily explained by the evolutionary theories of Lamarck and Darwin can be ex- plained by DeVries' mutation theory. This is the view held by many modern workers.1 A similar view of the origin of castes is suggested in a more recent paper by Imms (1919). The second and third reproductive forms would be chiefly pro- gressive mutations, also the workers and the two types of sol- diers; there has been a loss of characters. The workers and sol- diers have also gained characters which are often useful, as seen in the legs, heads, mandibles and nasuti. Now a mutation is not necessarily useful, but a Darwinian variation must be useful. 1 1903. Morgan, T. H. Evolution and adaptation. New York. 148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 Other interesting "abnormalities" are the soldiers with wing- pads, a reversion to the ancestral winged condition. Of course, when their origin is explained as mutations, the value of any of these castes to the colony life is not essential; indeed, they even may be a hindrance, provided their presence is "not entirely fatal to the community," (Morgan, 1903). Imms (1919) states that the origin of the castes in termites may be explained by Mendelian inheritance. It will readily be seen that my studies of the biology and breed- ing habits of the three types of reproductive forms are as yet in- complete. The results of the breeding and especially the cross- breeding experiments are, in general, unsatisfactory. Neverthe- less, it is believed that, while these preliminary results of breeding and attempts at cross-breeding are not conclusive, they show the trend that future experiments should follow. Future biological and histological studies should in time solve the problems. Some of the especially important problems needing elucidation or confirmation are: (1) More exact proof that the second and third reproductive forms breed true to type. (2) The nature of the progeny of the "intermediate" reproductive forms. (3) The methods of colonization of the second and third reproductive forms and whether they can survive without workers. (4) The exact number of molts undergone by each caste and the accom- panying external and internal changes that occur at the time of the molt or between molts, as the increase in the number of antennal joints, etc. (The growth of the latter, however, apparently has no relationship to the time and number of molts that take place.) (5) Studies of the third reproductive form in the more primitive termites, as Termopsis, Neotermes, etc. (6) Proof of the apparent absence of the third form reproductive type in the higher, more specialized termites (of the family Termitidae Bks.) and also that of the second form reproductive type in some genera of the higher ter- mites (as in species of Nasutitermes Bks.). LITERATURE CITED. 1893. Grassi, B., and Sandias, A. Costituzione e Sviluppo della societa dei termitidi, etc. Dagli Atti dell'Acad. Gioenia di sci. nat. in Cata- nia, Vol. Vie ser. 4° Catania. 1893. Joutel, L. H. Some notes on the ravages of the white ant (Termes flavipes}. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 89-90, June. 1901. Schwarz, E. A. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 347 (Jan., 1889). 1902. Schaeffer, C. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 251, December. 1904. Maeterlinck, M. The life of the bee. New York. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 149 1907. Wheeler, W. M. Concerning the polymorphism of ants. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 23, January. New York. 1909. Holmgren, N. Termitenstudien 1. Anatomische Untersuchungen. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., Bd. 44, No. 3, pp. 215, Taf. 1-3, Uppsala & Stockholm. Die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Ter- miten, pp. 208-213. 1912. Feytaud, J. Contribution a 1'Etude du Termite lucifuge. Arch. d'Anat. Micros.-, Vol. 13, fasc. 4, pp. 482-606. Paris. 1912. Snyder, T. E. Record of the finding of a true queen of Tennes flav ipes Kol. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 107-108, June 19. 1913. Silvestri, F. Descrizione di un nuovo ordine di insetti. Boll. Lab. Zool., Portici, Vol. 7, pp. 193-209 (the order Zoraptera described). 1913. Wheeler, W. M. Ants, their structure, development and behavior. New York. 1915. Snyder, T. E. Biology of the termites of the eastern United States, with preventive and remedial measures. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Bur. Ent., Bull. No. 94, Pt. II. 1915. Turner, W. F., and Baker, A. C. On the occurrence of an intermediate Aphis pomi De Geer. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 42-64. 1916. Snyder, T. E. Termites or "White Ants" in the United States: Their damage and methods of prevention. U. S. Dept. of Agric., Bur. Ent., Prof. Paper Bull. 333. 1916. Thompson, C. B. The brain and frontal gland of the castes of the "White Ant" Leucotermes flavipes Kollar. Jour. Comp. Neurol., Vol. 26, No. 5. 1917. Thompson, C. B. Origin of the castes of the common termite Leuco- termes flavipes Kol. Jour. Morph., Vol. 30, No. 1. 1918. Caudell, A. N. A new species of Zoraptera from the United States. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. L, No. 11, pp. 375-381. November, 1918, London. 1918. Dobson, R. J. A European termite Reticuliterm.es lucifugus Rossi in the vicinity of Boston. Psyche, Vol. 25, No. 5. October. 1918. Wheeler, W. M. A study of some ant larvae, with a consideration of the origin and meaning of the social habit among insects. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 293-343, Phila. 1919. Beebe, W. The home town of the army ants. The Atlantic Monthly, pp. 454-464, October. 1919. Imms, A. D. On the structure and biology of Archotermopsis, together with descriptions of new species of intestinal protozoa and general observations on the Isoptera. Philos. Trans, Royal Society of Lon- don, Ser. B, Vol. 209, p. 75. 1919. Thompson, C. B., and Snyder, T. E. The question of the phylo- genetic origin of the termite castes. Biol. Bull., W'oods Hole, Mass., Vol. 36, pp. 115-132, February. 150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, 1920 1920. Banks, N., and Snyder, T. E. Revision of Nearctic Termites with notes on biology and geographic distribution. U. S. Nat'l. Mus., Bull. 108, April 13. 1920. Caudell, A. N. Zoraptera, not an apterous order of insects. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 22, No. 5. 1920. Thompson, C. B., and Snyder, T. E. The "Third Form," the wing- less, reproductive type of termites. Reticulitermes and Pro- rhinotermes. Jour, of Morphology, in press,. A NEW TROPICAL WEEVIL FROM FLORIDA AND CUBA. BY H. S. BARBER. A three week's vacation (in February and March, 1919) was spent by Mr. E. A. Schwarz and the writer, collecting in the southern part of Florida, most of the time at Paradise Key, which the Florida Federation of Women's Clubs is seeking to preserve as the "Royal Palm State Park."* One day's collecting on Big Pine Key (about 30 miles from Key West), and another day at Marathon on Vacas Key (18 miles further east) added several forms not found by us at Paradise Key, and brought the number of species of beetles we had brought together in this short expe- dition to well above 500. Among them are several forms pre- viously known only for Cuba, and the probability that a consider- able percentage of the species inhabiting the Southern Everglades have been described from the West Indies, greatly complicates the task of identifying the unfamiliar forms. In fact the most interesting part of the beetle fauna of the Everglade Keys and the Outer Keys is identical with that of the West Indies. The species here described is an example of this difficulty. Belonging to a genus quite numerous in species throughout the American tropics, though not previously known to occur naturally within our boundaries, and supposedly breeding in certain epiphytal plants of the treetops in the jungle-like "hammocks," the probable wide range of the species immediately confronts us and in spite * Since the construction of the automobile road towards Cape Sable has made the region easily accessible, Paradise Key has very justly attracted much attention and we were greatly assisted in our field work by having pre- viously read the several botanical papers by Dr. J. K. Small (Journ. N. Y. Bot. Garden, 1916, 1917, and 1918), narrating his experiences here and throughout the region; and partly familiarizing us in advance with the flora we were to encounter. See also the preface to Small's "Ferns of Royal Palm Hammock;" — -Snyder's description of the locality in these Proceedings (Vol. 19, p. 143, pi. 15 and 16); and Safford's "Natural History of Paradise Key — " (Smithsonian Report, 1917, PP- 377-434, 64 plates). PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O I.^T of a search through the available literature dealing with South American forms, the possibility must remain that it may have been missed among the old species listed under Sphenophorus. Among its congeners in the National Collection the present species is remarkable for its small size, brilliant color, and absence of any external sexual character usual in the genus. It is with much pleasure that this beautiful species is named in honor of its first finder on our mainland, Mr. C. A. Mosier, the warden of the Royal Palm State Park, whose great interest in the study and preservation of the tropical natural history of his region has re- vealed so many forms hitherto unknown within our geographical limits and whose many personal kindnesses helped greatly in our comfort and collecting ability during our work on Paradise Key. Metamasius mosieri, new species. (Plate 8.) Small: alutaceous except head, rostrum, antennae, legs, metasternum and median half of underside of abdomen which are shining ; black, except most of pronotum, meta thorax and basal half of elytra which are bright red. Length 6.5-9.0 mm.; width 3.0-3.6 mm. Habitat Florida and Cuba. Rostrum about three-fifths as long as pronotum in 9 , slightly more than half in cf, moderately curved, feebly compressed, impunctate in apical third, becoming sparsely punctate towards base; base feebly dilated above antennal sockets which are almost contiguous to the margin of the eye ; gular peduncle narrow, compressed, and strongly dentiform anteriorly. Prothorax nine- tenths as wide as long, impunctate or very minutely and sparsely punctuate on disc, a few scattered punctures before base and in the subapical constriction ; strongly but sparsely punctate below; the bright sanguineous color of the pronotum extends down the sides half way to the coxae, but leaves the apical margin narrowly bordered with black, and a broader bilobed black border at base. Scutellum narrow, flat, impunctate, black. Elytra finely striate with fine, deep, widely distant, strial punctures; intervals flat and impunctate except for a median series of very fine, close set, almost obsolete punctures ; basal half sanguineous, each elytron with a small round, antemedian black spot between third and sixth stria, which is obscurely connected to the black apical area on two specimens, these two also displaying a small faint posthu- meral macula. Pygidium deeply, moderately densely punctate, apex broadly rounded in tf , much narrowed in 9- Metasternum sanguineous except small infuscate areas near middle of hind coxae; metepisternum rufous at middle the anterior and posterior ends black. Metanotum and dorsal por- tions of abdomen under the wing covers yellow. An internal segment pro- truding under the raised pygidum in three females is testaceous, sulcate (almost cleft) medially at apex, laterally coarsely punctured and with fine, sparse hairs. Type and paratypes No. 22768, U. S. National Museum. Described from five specimens: — A male collected at Cayamas, 1.52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 6, JUNE, IQ2O vSanta Clara Province, Cuba, May 8, 1904, by E. A. Schwarz, and four females collected on Paradise Key, Florida (Type lo- cality) November 10, 1917 (C. A. Mosier) February 19, 1919 (H. S. Barber) December 10, 1919 (C. Ikey Mosier) and January 8, 1920 (Graham Fairchild). One of the specimens was beaten from a fern growth near the crown of a cabbage palmetto, and another was found high in an oak tree. The multitude of Orchids, Bromeliads, and other epiphytic plants on the branches of the hammock trees offers a difficult problem in the determination of the breeding habits of this beautiful little species, and all our attempts were futile with the possible exception that the old dead basal core of one of the large Bromliads (probably Tillandsia utriculata) was found dis- playing such exit hole and larval gallery as should be expected for this species, but no fragments of larval skin could be found. The quarantine against the related pests of sugar cane, banana, pine- apple, and palms, certain of which (Metamasins sericeus, Cosmo- polites sordidus) have been intercepted (although C. sordidus had already become established at Miami, Fla.), makes this appar- ently indigenous species of special interest and it remains to be seen whether or not it will, with the utilization of the Everglades, adopt an economic host plant. (Actual date of publication J^^ne 16, 1920} PEOC. BNT. SOC. WASH , VOL. 22 PLATB 8 METAMASIUS MOSIERI BARBER X 10— FLORIDA AND CUBA VOL. 22 OCTOBER 1920 No. 7 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS BURKE, H. E. — SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS TRACHYKELE, WITH A DE- SCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (BUPRESTIDAE, COLEOPTERA) 168 COCKERELL, T. D. A. — A NEW TRIGONALID FROM INDIA (HYM.) 191 FISHER, W. S. — A NEW GENUS AND SEVERAL NEW SPECIES OF CERAMBY- CIDAE (COL.) 153 HEINRICH, CARL — COLEOPHORA NOTES WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES (LEPID.) 159 JACKSON, L. O. — BUMBLEBEES OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND VICINITY (HYM., BREMUS) 162 JONES, THOS. H. — A PECULIARLY MARKED ADULT OF NEZARA VIRIDULA L. (HEMIP.) 171 SCHAUS, W. — NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL PYRAUSTINAE (LEPID.) 172 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President A. B. GAHAN Second Vice-President , A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 OCTOBER 1920 No. A NEW GENUS AND SEVERAL NEW SPECIES OF CERAMBYCIDAE. (COL.) BY W. S. FISHER, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. In working over the coleoptera received from the field men of the Branch of Forest Insects, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, dur- ing the past year, the following apparently new species of Cer- ambycidae were found. For one of these, a species from Ari- zona, the larva of which lives in the branches of Canotia, it was found necessary to erect a new genus. All types and specimens mentioned are deposited in the U. S. National Museum at Washington. Anoplocurius, new genus. Maxillary and labial palpi about sub-equal in length; last joint oblong sides nearly parallel, truncate at apex. Ligula membranous. Antennal tubercles not prominent, contiguous. Head transverse; eyes large, coarsely granulated, deeply emarginate. Antennae, of the male, one and two-thirds times as long as the body; of female, about sub-equal in length to the body; twelve-jointed. Prothorax longer than wide, cylindrical. Scutellum wider than long, rounded posteriorly. Elytra distinctly wider than prothorax, without eburneous spots; sides parallel; apices separately rounded. Pros- ternum very narrow between the coxae. Anterior coxal cavities strongly angulated, open behind. Intermediate coxal cavities angulated and closed externally. Femora moderately clavate, slightly flattened, not dentate be- neath. Tibiae slender, not carinate longitudinally, with two equal spines at the apex. First joint of posterior tarsi as long as the two following joints united. Body narrow, linear, somewhat flattened, first abdominal segment as long as the two following segments united. Genotype. — Anoplocurius canotiae Fisher. The species for which this genus is founded has the general aspect of the genus Citrius and some of the small species of Ela- phidion. From the former it is easily distinguished by not having a tooth on the femur, and from both of these genera by having a twelve-jointed antennae. This new genus belongs to LeConte and Horn's tribe Ceramby- cini, and to Lacordaire's group Callidiopsid.es, but it seems to be one of the new discoveries which do not fit well in any of the proposed groups. 153 154 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., 1920 Anoplocurius canotiae, new species. Male. — Unicolorous brown, shining. The sculpture of the head and pro- thorax consisting of intervening lines forming a fine network; surface sparsely clothed with long flying hairs. Prothorax with sides parallel to the posterior third then obliquely narrowed to the base. Antennae filiform, not carinate and without spines; first joint with the sculpture similar to the prothorax, one-half as long as the third, slightly clavate and arcuate; second joint very small, wider than long; third and following joints nearly equal in length; joints three to twelve finely punctate, rather densely pubescent, with some longer hairs on the inner side. Elytra about three times as long as the pro- thorax; sides parallel; coarsely but not densely punctate over entire sur- face, from each puncture arises a short white semi-erect hair. Underside of head in front, and posterior part of prosternum with irregular transverse striae. Metasternum and abdomen sparsely punctate, and sparsely clothed with long white recumbent hairs. First ventral abdominal segment with a large broad swelling on the median portion, of which the apical margin is clothed with a series of long erect hairs. Legs feebly pubescent with short hairs intermixed with longer erect ones. Hind femora extending to the mid- dle of the fourth ventral abdominal segment. Length 7 mm., width 1.5 mm. Female. — Differs from the male in having the third antennal joint about one-half as long as the first and with a short spine at the apex; fourth joint three-fourths as long as the third; joints four to eleven gradually decreasing in length; joint twelve one-half as long as the eleventh. Hind femora extend- ing to the fourth ventral abdominal segment. First ventral abdominal seg- ment smooth at middle without any protuberance. Length 7 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Type Locality. — Cotton City, Arizona. Elevation 1400 feet. Mr. Geo. Hofer, collector. Other Localities. — Sabino Canyon, Arizona. Type.— Cat. No. 22821, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from 25 specimens, eleven males and fourteen fe- males, recorded under Bureau of Entomology number, Hopk. U. S. 10087e. Specimens reared from material collected March 12, 1919, by Mr. Geo. Hofer from dead branches of Canotia and sub- mitted with the following note: "Larvae removed from be- tween the bark and wood and from the heartwood of dead branches of an unknown bush, which occurs on the edge of a strip of desert near Cotton City." The plant has been identified by Dr. Paul Standley, Botanist of the Smithsonian Institution as Canotia holacantha Torrey. Another male specimen in the collection was collected August 31, 1919, by Geo. Hofer, at Sabino Canyon, Arizona, at light. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. J, OCT., 1920 155 Callidium pseudotsugae, new species. Male. — Oblong, dull black throughout above; beneath, legs and antennae shining black, with a faint bluish reflection; parallel; pubescence erect, black and bristling from the head and prothorax laterally, almost wanting and extremely short on the elytra. Head coarsely and confluently punctate, punctures coarser and more distinct between the eyes; median line finely impressed. Antennae as long as the body; first joint twice as thick as the following joints and two times as long as the second; joints one to four strongly incrassated at apex; second joint a little more than half as long as the third; tenth and eleventh joints sub-equal in length; last joint rather broadly rounded at apex, not appendiculate. Prothorax transverse, two-fifths wider than long, slightly wider than the elytra, widest at about the middle; sides strongly, evenly rounded, rather roundly converging towards apex, more rapidly converging and rounded from a little behind the middle to the very fainty subtubulate base; surface with the lateral parts very densely and deeply punctured and separated from the median impressed part, with coarse but very shallow punctures, by a well defined and abrupt line, which has a well marked sinus just behind the middle. Elytra three and one-half times as long as the prothorax; sides parallel, obtusely rounded at apices; surface alutaceous, coarsely irregularly punctured, margins of punctures indefinite, with minute setose punctures in their depth. Scutellum nude, very ob- tusely and broadly ogival; surface broadly concave. Prosternum densely and deeply punctured over entire surface, similar to the lateral part of pro- thorax. Beneath moderately punctured and sparsely clothed with long erect blackish hairs. Femora strongly swollen. Tibiae arcuate. Length 10-13 mm.; width 3.5-4.5 mm. Female. — Differs from the male in having the antennae only two-thirds as long as the body. Prothorax as wide as the elytra with the median part not impressed and the entire surface uniformly punctured with coarse but very shallow punctures. Prosternum finely, sparsely and transversely punc- tato-rugose, shining. Femora and first antennal joint not as strongly swollen as in the male. Length 10-12 mm. ; width 3.5-4.5 mm. Type Locality. — Wright, California. F. B. Herbert, collector. Other Localities. — Big Basin, Santa Cruz Mountains, California. T. E. Snyder, collector; Santa Clara Co., Calif. (Coquillett) ; Oregon (Hubbard and Schwarz). Type.— Cat. No. 22S22, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from fifteen specimens. Nine males and two fe- males, recorded under Bureau of Entomology number, Hopk. U. S. 14483a and reared from material collected by Mr. F. B. Herbert in wood of Douglas fir (Psendotsuga taxifolid). Three males and one female recorded under Bureau of Entomology number, Hopk. U. S. 15190, collected June 13, 1917, by T. E. 156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., 1920 Snyder on freshly cut branches of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxi- folia). In the collection there is also a specimen labeled "Oregon, Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz," and another labeled "Santa Clara Co., Cal., Collection Coquillett." This species falls in the group where the antennae differs con- siderably in length in the sexes and having the line separating the median and lateral parts of the prothorax well marked. It is closely allied to antennatum Newm., but differs from that species by having the upper surface entirely black. Callidium sequarium, new species. Male. — Oblong, black throughout above, shining, parallel, pubescence "erect, black and bristling from the head and prothorax laterally, almost wanting and very short on the elytra. Head coarsely and densely punctured over entire surface; median line slightly impressed in some specimens, absent in others. Antennae two-thirds as long as the body; first joint not quite two times as thick as the following joints; joints one to four strongly incras- sated at apex; second joint half as long as the third; joints ten and eleven about sub-equal in length ; last joint broadly rounded at apex, not appendicu- late. Prothorax not quite as transverse as in pseudotsiigae, narrower than the elytra, one-fourth wider than long; widest just in front of middle; sides strongly rounded, roundly converging towards apex, more rapidly converg- ing and rounded from about the middle to the base, which is not at all con- stricted or subtubulate; surface coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, the punctures becoming deeper and more rugose, although only a little less shining, at sides; the abrupt line separating the median and lateral areas scarcely traceable. Elytra three and one-half times as long as the prothorax; sides parallel, obtusely rounded at apices; surface very coarsely, deeply and densely punctate, the punctures distorted and without well defined mar- gins, the minute setose punctures in their depths not as well defined as in C. pseudotsugae. Scutellum broadly and obtusely ogival, surface coarsely punc- tate. Prosternum very coarsely and deeply punctured, with a transversely and obtusely angulate rugose area before the coxae, and another similar area along the anterior margin, the punctures distinctly separated and well defined. Beneath black without any bluish reflections, shining; surface mod- erately punctured and sparsely clothed with long semi-erect hairs. Femora strongly swollen. Tibiae arcuate. Length 11 mm.; width 3.5 mm. Female. — Differs from the male in having the antennae only one-half as long as the body with the joints not quite as strongly swollen. Prothorax with the densely punctured lateral area more shining, the punctures finer, more confluent and less deep. Prosternum very finely, sparsely and trans- versely punctato-rugose, shining. Femora not as strongly swollen as in the male. Tibiae scarcely arcuate. Length 11-12 mm.; width 4-4.5 mm. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., I 920 1 •"), Locality. — Giant Forest Calif., F. C. Craighead, collector. Type.— Cat. No. 22S23, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from seven specimens, two males and five females, recorded under Bureau of Entomology number, Hopk. U. S. 10651p, and reared from material collected by Mr. F. C. Craig- head, June 29, 1918, under bark on fallen limbs of Big Tree (Se- quoia washingtonicino) . In general form this species resembles janthinum Lee., by hav- ing the antennae apparently differing but little sexually, and the median and lateral parts of the prothorax not separated by a distinct line. It differs from that species, however, by having the entire surface of a shining black color. Callidium juniperi, new species. Male. — Form elongate, greenish cyaneous and strongly shining above; be- neath, legs and antennae piceous black, shining with a slight metallic reflec- tion; pubescence semi-erect, black and rather long on the head and pro- thorax, almost wanting and extremely short on the elytra. Head coarsely, deeply and confluently punctured over the entire surface; median line finely impressed between the antennal tubercles. Antennae three-fourths as long as the body; first joint not much thicker than the following joints; joints one to four strongly incrassated at apex; second joint about one-half as long as the third; tenth joint two-thirds as long as the eleventh, which is abruptly pointed at apex. Prothorax moderately transverse, about as wide as the elytra, one-half wider than long, widest at the middle; sides rather evenly and strongly rounded, a little more rapidly converging to the base, which is not subtubulate; surface with the punctures coarse, deep and close-set, be- coming more rugose though only a little less shining at the sides; the abrupt line separating the median and lateral areas not traceable. Scutellum broadly rounded at apex; surface broadly concave. Elytra nearly four times as long as the prothorax ; sides distinctly narrowing from base to the very broadly rounded apices; surface coarsely, deeply and densely punctate throughout, the punctures irregular and polygonally crowded, without well defined mar- gins and with minute setose punctures in their depth; intervals shining, nearly smooth, becoming a little more rugose towards the apex. Prosternum very coarsely and deeply punctured, with a transversely and obtusely angu- late rugose area before the coxae, and a narrow, nearly smooth area along the anterior margin. Femora more gradually swollen than in C. pseiidot- SHgae. Tibiae arcuate. Length 10 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Female. — Differs from the male in having the antennae only a little more than one-half as long as the body, with the last joint appendiculate. Pro- thorax with the lateral areas more densely and finely punctate, the punc- tures more confluent and less dtep than in the male. Prosternum very 158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. J , OCT., 1920 finely, sparsely and transversely punctato-rugose, shining. Femora less strongly swollen. Length 11 mm.; width 3.2 mm. Type Locality. — Maxwell, New Mexico. D. J. Caffrey, col- lector. Type.— Cat. No. 22824, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from five specimens, three males and two females, collected by D. J. Caffrey, July 21, 1916, under bark of Cedar (Juniperus sp.). Two of these paratypes, male and female, differ from the type in being much smaller, only measuring 7 mm. in length. This is prob- ably due to the lack of food, causing the larvae to pupae pre- maturely, which is often the case in the family Cerambycidae. This species belongs to the group, including the species which have the antennae and prothorax differing very little in the sexes. It can be easily distinguished from any of these species by its wedge-shaped form, the elytra being distinctly narrowed from base to apex. Ataxia arizonica, new species. Elongate, parallel, piceous black, sparsely clothed with recumbent whitish and brownish ochreous pubescence, tending to form irregular, indistinct lines on the elytra, with rather thick, semi-erect black setae arising from the elytral punctures. Head finely, densely punctate, with a few coarser and deeper scattered punctures intermixed, about as wide as long, feebly convex in front and moderately impressed between the antennal tubercles. Antennae nearly one and one-half times as long as the entire body (cf ), about as long as the body ( 9 ); first joint four-sevenths as long as the third, clavate; joints three and four sub-equal in length; joint five a little longer than four and sub- equal in length to the seventh, eighth and eleventh; ninth and tenth joints a little shorter than the eleventh; the joints very feebly annulated at base, densely pubescent, with fine, short, whitish and brownish hairs intermixed with long, sub-erect ones. Prothorax about as wide as long, feebly narrower at base than apex; sides slightly arcuate with a feeble tubercle at middle; surface densely punctate with a few larger punctures intermixed, pubescence dense, nearly concealing the surface sculpture, except an elongate space at the middle, which is denuded. Elytra three times as long as the prothorax and only a little wider than it at the base; humerals rounded; sides nearly parallel; apices sub- truncate; surface with rows of irregular, moderately coarse punctures, becoming coarser and more confused behind the scutellum. Scutel- lum triangular, rounded behind, pubescent. Beneath and legs densely clothed with white and ochreous pubescence. Front coxae angulated, closed behind, and moderately separated. Length 10-12.5 mm.; width 2.2-3 mm. Type Locality. — Sabino Canyon, Arizona, Geo. Hofer, collector. Other Localities. — San Simon, Arizona, Hubbard and Schwarz, collectors. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. J, OCT., 1 920 159 Type.— Cat. No. 22S25, U. S. Nat. Mus. Described from ten specimens, four males and six females. Nine of these specimens were collected by Geo. Hofer at light between May 28 and August 10, and the other specimen was col- lected by Messrs. Hubbard and Schwarz, on July 5th. This species is allied to crypto, Say, but is easily distinguished from that species by being more parallel, pubescence more dis- tinctly variegated with white and ochreous hairs, and by having the antennae not distinctlv annulated. COLEOPHORA NOTES WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES fLEPID.). BY CARL HEINRICH, Bureau of Entomology. Coleophora occidentis Zeller. Dyar Cat. No. 6034. Zeller describes the larval case of occidentis as very similar to that of the European nigricella. This would indicate that it is a good species and should be removed from its present position as a synonym of pruniella Clem. The larval case of the latter as described by Miss Braun (Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. XXI, No. 4, p. 157, 1914) is of quite a different structure, resembling that of leucochrysella much more than it does nigricella. Coleophora acamtopappi Busck. Busck. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 17, p. 87, 1915. Busck described this species from adults only. We "have since received two reared specimens from H. Jobbins-Pomeroy with larval cases. The larval case is very striking and the longest yet recorded from North America. It is white; cylindrical; 25 to 2. Expanse, 20 mm. Habitat. — Santiago, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 23541, U. S. N. M. Near L. pelealis Walker, but smaller with the spots reduced and the line more distinct. Lamprosema moccalis, new species. Male. — Palpi gray fringed with white. Body above and wings brown. White lines laterally on frons and vertex; throat white ; white lines on abdomen near base and end; anal hairs tipped with white. Abdomen below and legs gray, the tarsi pale ochreous. Fore wings: a bluish white vertical ante- medial line; a white spot across end of cell; edged with dark brown; post- medial line white and distinct on costa, then very fine, bluish gray, curved beyond cell and inbent to inner margin; a fuscous brown terminal line with the base of cilia similar and tipped with white. Hind wings: a very fine bluish gray postmedial line almost straight to inner margin above anal angle, followed by a faint grayish brown shade; a fine marginal whitish line; ter- minal line and cilia as on fore wing. Fore wings below dull brownish, the white spot as above. Hind wings below suffused with whitish gray. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23542, U. S. N. M. Looks like L. codrusalis Walker, but the hind wing normal. Lamprosema malticalis, new species. Male. — Palpi dark gray fringed with white. Head, collar, and thorax purplish brown: lateral and central white lines on frons. Abdomen above brown on three basal segments with two transverse lines, then dull grayish brown with black segmental lines and a single white line; a dorsal white spot on last segment; anal hairs fuscous above, whitish underneath. Ab- domen below light brown. Legs silvery white, the tarsi ochreous white. Wings dark brown. Fore wings: a fine whitish antemedial line outwardly darker edged, slightly outbent from costa; discocellular darker shaded; post- medial fine, whitish, very indistinct except on costa where it is outbent to near vein 6, and wavily inbent to inner margin; some fuscous irrorations near tornus; a terminal dark line, inwardly edged by a faint whitish liiu . 186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., 1920 cilia brown with a fine whitish line at base, and tipped with white except from veins 3-5 where it is entirely brown. Hind wings: the inner margin ochreous brown; postmedial line fine, whitish, slightly sinuous, broadly fol- lowed by silvery irrorations; a marginal silvery line; a fine ochreous line at base of cilia which are dark brown with white tips, becoming fuscous at anal angle. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23543, U. S. N. M. Near L. moccalis Schaus. Lamprosema brunnealis, new species. Male. — Palpi grayish brown, white at base. Body above and wings uniform brown. Abdomen with fine white segmental lines shaded in front with fuscous. Body below silvery white; legs and fore femora grayish. Fore wings with the lines fine, whitish; antemedial from below costa, slightly outbent; a darker brown lumule at end of cell, preceded by an almost im- perceptible fine white line; postmedial only slightly thicker on costa, out- curved, inbent below vein 4 and somewhat wavy; a terminal fuscous brown line; cilia brown with grayish tips. Hind wings with the postmedial line fine, almost straight and slightly inangled before inner margin, followed by a very faint grayish shade; terminal line and cilia as on fore wing. Wings below pale brownish gray without any markings. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23544, U. S. N. M. Near L. malticalis Schaus. Lamprosema baracoalis, new species. Male. — Palpi brown with a lateral white spot and fringe at base, the third joint ochreous. Head, collar, and thorax grayish brown, the frons with lateral ochreous lines. Abdomen above grayish brown, the last three seg- ments with a single white line and dorsal white hairs on anal segment. Body below whitish, the throat silver white; legs pale grayish, the tarsi white. Wings light brown. Fore wings with an antemedial outcurved white line outwardly edged with fuscous; a transverse white spot in end of cell, edged with black, broader behind, its outer edge slightly inangled below subcostal and then outbent; a small white spot below vein 2; postmedial from a tri- angular white spot on costa, fine, white edged with black, curved and lunular from vein 7 to vein .4, almost obliterated by the black edging, then inbent to vein 2 and sinuous to inner margin ; subterminal fuscous lunules on inter- spaces; a terminal fuscous line; cilia golden brown edged with black and tipped with white. Hind wings with a medial line straight from subcostal, slightly outset at vein o, fine, white edged with black, and preceded by a nar- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 7, OCT., IQ2O row dark brown shade; postmedial and suhterminal dark brown spots on interspaces; terminal line and cilia as on fore wing. Fore wings below pale ochreous brown, the inner margin whitish; spots as ..above; a postmedial series of dark points on veins; subterminal angled spots across veins; a fine terminal brown line. Hind wings below pale ochreous brown shaded with white; postmedial clusters of brown scales on interspaces; similar subterminal clusters on veins. Expanse, 22 mm. Habitat. — Baracoa, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 23545, U. S. N. M. Sylepta escuintlalis, new species. Female. — Palpi fuscous brown. Head fuscous; a white shade on frons; a white spot on vertex. Collar, thorax, and abdomen above yellow; under- neath white. Legs yellow streaked with brown; tarsi brown. Wings yel- low with semihyaline streaks below cell and on interspaces between veins. Fore wings with the costa black from base to beyond middle. Expanse, 39 mm. Habitat. — Escuintla, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23546, U. S. N. M. Sylepta birdalis, new species. Female. — Palpi grayish brown fringed with white »t base. Head, collar, and thorax yellowish ochre shaded with purplish brown. Abdomen yel- lowish ochre at base, otherwise brownish. Wings thinly scaled, pale yellow. Fore wings: costal and inner margins to postmedial line ochreous yellow; a dark costal spot at base, and a subbasal dark point on inner margin ; traces- of an outbent antemedial smoky line from subcostal, followed in cell by a small double spot; a lilacine line on discocellular edged by fuscous lines; postmedial line fuscous, inbent from costa to vein o, then outcurved and in- bent to vein 2 where it is upbent towards discocellular angled and downbent to inner margin; terminal space beyond this line lilacine brown; cilia with a fuscous line at base. Hind wings: a smoky line on discocellular; postmedial line fine, outbent at vein 5 and forming three lunules to vein 2 where it is upbent, then angled and straight to inner margin ; a lilacine brown shade at apex. Underneath similar. Expanse, 31 mm. Habitat. — Aroa, Venezuela. Type.— Cat. No. 23547, U. S. N. M. Near 5. poctololis Guenee. Polygrammodes supremalis, iu-w specie^. Female. — Palpi brown above, white below. Head yellow brown. Collar and thorax fuscous brown shot with iridescent bluish steel color. Abdomen 188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., IQ2O above yellow brown, the third segment dark reddish brown with subdorsal white points in front and a dorsal white point behind; anal segment pale yel- low. Body below and legs white. Fore wings: base, except edge of costa and inner margin, broadly to the postmedial line, fuscous brown shot with iridescent steel; this dark space is edged in front by a fuscous brown line preceded by a dark yellow line and is oblique from costa to below end of cell just above submedian, then up and incurved to vein 2, angled and outbent to just above vein 2; the curve is followed by a black shade downbent to submedian; medially on inner margin an angled dark yellow line edged with fuscous brown; postmedial space pale brown; the medial space forming a large irregular triangle with its base on costa, pale yellow; a small spot in cell defined by some dark scales; a yellow streak on discocellular edged by a reddish brown line; the postmedial pale brown space does not extend above vein 8, the costa remaining yellow to apex, only crossed by the postmedial line which is outcurved, almost subterminal, fine, fuscous brown shaded on either side with yellow, thicker and geminate between veins 5 and 6, slightly outset and lunular from veins 5 to 2, vertical below vein 2, followed by an irregular, narrow grayish purple shade from veins 2 to 5, and above vein 5 to vein 7 by a similar diverging shade; termen pale yellow; a fine brown terminal line; cilia yellow. Hind wings: base and inner margin brownish purple; a fringe of long hairs below cell; medial space pale yellow forming a large irregular spot outwardly edged by the postmedial line, which is dark brown, thick, and vertical from costa to vein 5, then lunular to vein 2, slightly upcurved and outbent to inner margin where it is angled, followed by a purplish gray shade, widest from vein 4 to costa, and at anal angle; termen yellow. Wings below whitish showing the more thinly scaled medial blotches of upper side; fine postmedial fuscous streaks from veins 5 to 7, followed by subterminal grayish shades. Expanse, 43 mm. Habitat. — Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23548, U. S. N. M. Polygrammodes basaralis, new species. Female. — Palpi purple fringed with white below; a reddish brown spot laterally at base. Head yellowish. Collar and thorax roseate purple. Abdomen above yellow. Body below and legs white; fore tibiae and tarsi streaked with purple. Fore wings: the basal half roseate purple extending on costal margin to the postmedial line; terminal half pale yellow; post- medial line purple, lunular, vertical to below vein 7, slightly inset and out- curved, lunular, to vein 2 where it is inbent and curved to vein 3 ; small dark spots adjoining cell between veins 3 and 5, small subterminal purple lunules on interspaces; almost imperceptible marginal points, more distinct towards apex; cilia yellow, the tips silvery, and with fuscous points at veins. Hind wings yellow, a large roseate purple spot at end of cell; an irregular post- medial fuscous line from vein 7, incurved to vein 5, lunular to vein 2 along which it is upbent and outbent towards inner margin before reaching cell; PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., 1920 189 short fuscous streaks below vein 3 and above veins 3 and 4 close to cell ; sub- terminal dentate marks on interspaces and small marginal spots; cilia as on fore wing. Wings below whitish; the postmedial lines as above but fuscous; fore wings with a fuscous spot in cell, and a larger one on discocellular; sub- terminal spots and marginal spots only below costa; hind wings with the lines as above, but fuscous; subterminal and marginal spots between veins 6 and 7. Expanse, 38 mm. Habitat. — Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23549, U. S. N. M. Polygrammodes arpialis, new species. Female. — Palpi black fringed with white at base. Body yellow above, white underneath; legs ochreous white, the tarsi with brown rings; abdomen above with dorsal transverse fuscous purple streaks posteriorly on segments, and subdorsal spots anteriorly on segments. Wings yellow, darkest termi- nally, on basal half of fore wings, and along inner margin of hind wings ; mark- ings fuscous purple; thick subterminal spots or lunules on interspaces; cilia white with black spots at veins. Fore wings: short basal streaks on costa and subcostal vein ; a subbasal spot on costal margin ; an inbent streak below cell, and a fine line on inner margin ; an antemedial line slightly outbent from costa to median vein ; an outset vertical streak from cell to submedian with an inbent streak below it; a medial spot in cell and a streak on discocellular; diverging postmedial streaks above and below vein 6; a small spot above vein 7; from veins 2-5 three longer streaks, their tips hooked anteriorly like the half of an arrow; a similar long streak below vein 2, with the hook on posterior side, down bent to submedian, followed by a short streak close to vein 2, and with an inbent streak on inner margin below it, this last followed by a streak along inner margin. Hind wings: a spot on discocellular and a smaller spot at origin of vein 2; postmedial streaks between veins 2-5 as on fore wing; diverging spots above and below vein 6; a spot below vein 2 with a wavy streak from it to inner margin. Wings below whitish, showing in- distinctly the markings of upper side; cilia with black points; fore wings with a small black spot in cell and a black streak on discocellular. Expanse, 53 mm. Habitat.— Joinville, S. E. Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23550, U. S. N. M. This beautiful species is allied to P. runicalis Guenee, and was sent to me by my friend, Mr. Julius Arp. Polygrammodes herminealis, new species. Female. — Palpi black fringed below with white. Body white; abdomen above with transverse fine purple-brown lines. Wings white; marginal orange spots on interspaces; cilia white with dark gray spots at veins. Fore wings: a basal orange streak from costa to submedian, a subbasal black 190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., IQ2O point on costa, and smaller dark brown points below median and on inner margin ; an antemedial orange brown lunule in cell ; a dark brown vertical streak below cell, more outset, and a point on inner margin; a medial dark brown vertical streak below subcostal, and a similar streak on discocellular ; a medial vertical streak on inner margin ; short streaks above and below vein 4 near cell; fine postmedial and subterminal vertical streaks on interspaces, closer together between veins 3 and 5, longer and inbent between veins 2 and 3, long and outcurved between vein 2 and submedian; a few dark brown streaks on inner margin postmedially. Hind wings: a few brown scales in end of cell; short streaks above and below vein 4; an outcurved fine post- medial line broadly interrupted by veins; subterminal line similar but more heavily marked and parallel with outer margin. Wings below white, the fore wings shaded on costa apically and on termen with pale brown; a fine dark line on discocellular. Expanse, 32 mm. Habitat. — Castro Parana, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23551, U. S. N. M. Psara nigripes, new species. Male. — Palpi: basal joint black with some white at base; second joint black with fringed white; third joint white tipped with black. Head, body, wings, and legs, orange; the tarsi black; the fore tibiae laterally fuscous. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23552, U. S. N. M. Psara polypaetalis, new species. Male. — Palpi yellow fringed with black, and some black scaling laterally at base. Frons brown with lateral yellow streaks; vertex and collar orange. Thorax fuscous with two whitish streaks on.patagia. Abdomen above dark gray; venter white; legs gray with whitish streaks below. Fore wings fuscous brown; the veins, except on terminal third, whitish; a white streak along inner margin; a round white spot beyond cell. Hind wings white; outer margin broadly black; a narrow black streak along inner margin. Under- neath as above. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Sao Paulo, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23553, U. S. N. M. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. J, OCT., IQ2O 191 A NEW TRIGONALID FROM INDIA (HYM). BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Some time ago Mr. Ramakrishna Ayyar sent me from India an insect which I took at first sight to be a bee of the genus Xomada. Closer inspection showed that the resemblance was wholly super- ficial, and I had before me a member of the Trigonalidae. I was not then able to do more than ascertain that it was at least closely allied to Poecilogonalos thwaitesii (Westwood), described from Ceylon. Coming to Washington, with the assistance of Mr. S. A. Rohwer and some additional literature, I have been able to separate it from all known forms, and it is accordingly de- scribed. Poecilogonalos mimus, new species. Female. — -Length about 9 mm.; anterior wing 7.5 mm.; similar in general character and appearance to P. thwaitesii, but ground color of head and thorax mainly black, clypeus only very shallowly and broadly subemarginate, no median frontal spot, scutellum yellow with a median ferruginous band (axillae red), and second abdominal segment with the yellow confined to the broad apical band. The insect actually falls nearer to P. formosana Bischoff from Formosa, apparently agreeing in the rather coarse sculpture of the head and thorax, and in the clypeus being without a triangular emargination, as well as in the lack of the basal yellow spot on second abdominal segment. It differs, however, in the coloration of the scutellum, and in the dark cloud on the wings being confined to the apical half of the marginal cell (extending on the lower part as far as middle of third submarginal) and a broad aiea below the marginal beyond the third submarginal. The second submarginal cell is considerably longer than in Westwood's figure of P. thwaitesii, and the first recurrent nervure meets the first transversocubital, a trifle toward the outer side. Head transverse, the broad mandibles yellow, with four black teeth; clypeus with two large subcircular yellow spots, separated by a reddish band; an- terior and posterior orbits with broad yellow bands, the anterior one ending abruptly (broadly truncate) at about the beginning of the upper two-fifths of orbit; a pair of subtriangular yellow spots low down on front; scape swollen, ferruginous; flagellum long and slender, blackened above, below red with the sutures narrowly black; front with thin white hair; vertex closely punctured but shining; the posterior yellow band of cheeks, failing on occiput, emits two ferruginous bands which converge to top of eye, enclosing a black triangle, and below this is another black triangle behind the eye; thorax above rather coarsely punctured, the scutellum rugosopunctate and dull ; sides and hind part of mesothorax ferruginous; the two wedge-shaped anterior yellow marks on mesothorax as in P. thwaitesii; postscutellum yellow with an oblique black band dividing the yellow on each side; lower part of metathorax broadly PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 7, OCT., 1920 yellow; a curved yellow band on prothorax below tegulae, and another band on lower part of prothorax anteriorly; mesopleura with a round red spot below the wings, and an elongate yellow mark posteriorly lower down; metapleura with a slender yellow mark; coxae yellow, the hind pair only so posteriorly, otheiwise black; tiochanters pale yellowish; femora, tibiae and tarsi light ferruginous, the tarsi blackened on last joint; tegulae light ferruginous; wings clear, with dark piceous stigma and nervures, and cloud on anterior wings as already described; abdomen robust, finely punctured; first tergite with a large, somewhat T-shaped median yellow area, second with a very broad apical band, third ferruginous apically, with an obscure interrupted yellow band; the other segments mainly yellow with a median piceous band, as in P. thwaitesii', first sternite with a very broad yellow band, but the margin hyaline; second with a still broader band, interrupted in middle. Pulney Hill, South India, 3-6,000 feet altitude, May 10-31 1917 (P. S. Nathan). Ramakrishna Ayyar No. 3. Type.— Cat. No. 23451, U. S. N. M. Actual Date of publication, October 30, 1920. « VOL. 22 NOVEMBER 1920 No>.8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS HERBERT, FRANK B. — OBSERVATIONS UPON THE INSTARS OF PHRYGANIDIA CATERPILLARS 193 SCHAUS, W. — NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL PYRAUSTINAE (LEPID) 200 SCHWARZ, E. A. — A NEW HCOLYTID BEETLE FROM TROPICAL FLORIDA 222 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY. AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919. at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-P resident A. B. GAH AX Second Vice-President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4. 00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4pp. 8pp. 12pp. 16pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 NOVEMBER 1020 Xo. 8 OBSERVATIONS UPON THE INSTARS OF PHRYGANIDIA CATERPILLARS. By FRAXK B. HERBERT, Bureau of Entomology. The larva of Phryganidia californica Packard, the California oak worm, which spasmodically defoliates the oaks in the coast region of California, has been studied for several seasons by the writer. During this study some interesting facts came to light, which are not contained in the Farmer's Bulletin Xo. 107<> (The California Oak Worm), but which might well be published. dumber af Instars. A great number of larvae were followed through their stages under artificial conditions for several different seasons and the observations checked up with those under natural conditions in the field. The number of instars was found to be five in the larger number of cases. However, several larvae passed through only four stages while others passed through as high as nine. Usually there appears to be some dissension over the correct number of instars for a certain caterpillar. This caterpillar is no exception to the rule for in one paper written by Kellogg and Jack1 in 1895, six larval stages are described. Also in an un- published paper, 1913, by R. S. Raven,2 then a student of the University of California, the number of instars was stated to be four. Both parties must have observed abnormal individuals. The amount of food available and the temperature are im- portant factors in the development and the number of molts which the caterpillars undergo. Warm weather and plenty of fresh food produces the smaller number of molts, while cold weather and the lack of fresh food produces the larger number. One cat- erpillar which normally should have pupated in the late fall was carried over winter in the laboratory to the next spring, mean- while passing through nine stages. Fifth instar caterpillars are of two different colors, the normal ones turning dark while a number of them retain the predominant yellow color of the earlier stages. Light seems to be a factor in determining their color, plenty of sunlight producing dark in- 1 Kellogg, V. L., and Jack, F. J. Cal. Acad. Sc. Proc. 2nd Series, Vol. 5. pp. 562-570. 1895. 2 Raven, R. S. Thesis for B. S. degree. Univ of California. 1913. 193 194 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL,. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 ^ •U ,£ >> u o3 o d o -a a u, ^— • C 3 1^ >, SQJ g >> >, 1/5 a »— t 00 11 C2 ^ O a M . OJ r: 0 °l_ a 'O -5 g- 0 0 o & a*'g S "a a 3 So" u7 • 06 '—'• & -^ « .M ex 2 od d >. T io d (N Q o o d ^ 1 — 1 ^H ^5 d Q d Q S y g +" o .3 o C^l .2 B a o TJ . •3 CJ d '/ CO IO 1/1 "5 oJ ^ C ^ ^ — ^ !> C3 •* >> OJ Q CL) VH ^2 OJ T--4 i— i r^- c^i •^ CO "*"* ^1 ^ >> 3 | J^ ^ — ' t i Q t, O CH > a -*-* *r^ o- +j o 1 ^ 4-j 03 CJ r"s *"""' d -^ a d d s — ' 05 0 ^ Q iQ i—i t^ r-J Q d Q ' d Q pq OJ -^ B "5 01 a O O rH 73 ^ ^ 1 TI CO <: V a -^ t— i •£ a IH o on" o rt +J ^ CO h- 1 s co LO CO "a3 >. IH 11 J co O •"•• 13 O ti o a m «d oj m I HI CO QJ r— 1 1 CO ~* o ^ Q !3 O I> 10 d S J2* tn d Q o Q 15 |S §§l2 PQ Bag 8 o § S 3 & l-l a o Brown a cT d a 0 o; ^H 1 j CO IH T3 ' a a OJ o QJ 5* o o d j_j Cu ^__^ 0 43 a ,„ — c3 w _a to 8 S ^ CO 1— I rH ob . T) S 01 2 OJ O ,0. ^ d . a <" t 6 OJ +J jj •4J OJ p •o o ^ Brown . . Opaque . 2- i — i • a j o F | CO T3 J2 0> y --> a ^— ^ 03 a HH CO i — ( SET CD co ° VH S •? CO IH d O p oq CD d I i Days Fig. 2 — Graphs indicating the width of the body and the head of Phryganidia i (ilifoniica caterpillars, during the different instars. ' • { \ * J -. f - / /• •* , •' - - . - t ^ - f - - • „. • • - - ' _ , , - I L - I 1 + j i t • 1 \ Days" Fig. 3 — Curve indicating the length of Phryganidia californica caterpillar^, during the different instars. instar the caterpillar attains its maximum length and then begins to shorten until it has lost about one-third its length, at the same time swelling appreciably. Finally the skin splits down the dorsum, the back of the head splits open and the pupa appears. Mctlmds of Rea riii!!. It may be of interest to know how these caterpillars wuv reared and the measurements obtained. They were measured ;i short time after hatching and then placed on a spray of live oak leaves. The stem of this twig W;IN put in a small bottle of water 198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 to keep it fresh, and well stoppered to prevent the larvae from falling in and drowning. A wide-mouthed No. 2 lantern globe covered with gauze at the top was placed over each twig to pre- vent escape. The water and leaves were changed once a week. The larvae were looked over three times a week, the excrement removed, and necessary measurements taken. The length of the caterpillar was measured by simply using a millimeter rule, ex- cept during the first instar. The length during this time, and the width of the head and body at all times were measured with a binocular microscope and micrometer. This instrument was accurate to 0.03 mm. To obtain these measurements upon live moving caterpillars was very trying upon the observer's eyesight and patience. After each molt the cast heads were placed in a small vial at the base of the twig, thus furnishing a check upon the measurements and number of molts. These cast heads can be measured, furnishing the head measurements in an easier way than taking them while on live larvae. The mortality of the caterpillars was very great, particularly during their early life. Consequently, to obtain satisfactory data, a large number of young caterpillars had to be started in rearing and many measurements taken, which later proved of little use, due to the death of those individuals. Only a relatively small number lived to be pupae. Of these, eleven normal individuals furnished averages for most of the foregoing measurements. Feeding Habits. The small larva, upon hatching, makes its first meal upon the egg shell. Next it starts feeding upon the epidermis of the leaf near to the place of hatching, and is joined by its comrades, twenty to forty strong. They usually feed gregariously in this manner throughout the first instar, leaving a considerable area with the surface removed and a rough brown network of veins beneath. During the second instar the larvae separate and then begin feeding upon the full thickness of the leaves, and in heavy infes- tations eating all except a few of the larger veins before changing to pupae. Migration. A number of experiments were performed in order to discover how far newly hatched larvae would travel in search of food. Larvae were released at certain points very soon after having eaten their egg shells. In fifteen minutes some were starting to roam about, and in an hour several were from ten to twenty- three inches away. Four and one-half hours after being released, several were from fifty to eighty-three inches distant. Others did not start to roam until the second and third days and most PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 199 of them travelled quickly the distance of eighty-three inches to the nearest food. Those which had not obtained food before the fourth day after hatching died. It was noticed that practically all larvae seemed to be more or less positively phototropic. The older larvae also migrate in the search of food. After devouring all upon one tree, they let themselves down to the ground by their silken threads and then crawl to nearby trees to begin the destruction of more foliage. Fully fed caterpillars often travel considerable distances in search of protected places in which to pupate. Others move only a few inches away from the last leaves upon which they were feeding. Spasmodic Occurrence. The spasmodic occurrence of the caterpillar is worthy of note. It is surprising how very abundant it may be during one genera- tion and then be so scarce during the next that hardly a moth or caterpillar can be found. The older residents of localities where the caterpillar occurs, claim that it is prevalent every seven years. Their statements are fairly accurate, for the cater- pillar is usually destructive about that often. There may be a year or two when hardly a caterpillar can be located and then several years when they become increasingly abundant until they finally reach a maximum, destroying the foliage on oaks over considerable areas. They then begin to wane and in a year or two again reach the minimum. They are seldom abundant during more than one generation in any one locality, but move a mile or more away in their depreda- tions. The maximum periods are not coincident throughout the whole State, but occur at different times. There is always some place in their habitat where they are reported as doing much damage. One year the reports may come from the counties north of the San Francisco Bay, sometimes from the Berkeley and Oak- land Hills, from the San Francisco Peninsula, or perhaps, from Monterey or San Luis Obispo County. The moths are rather sluggish and can not be considered as flying from one section of the State to another. They do, however, fly short distances to deposit their eggs as they do not seem to like to infest the same tree twice in succession. Local conditions, para- sitic and predacious insects and bacterial enemies are apparently the factors in the abundance of the caterpillars in each locality irrespective of other localities. Summary. The number of larval instars is normally five although abnor- mal individuals may undergo from four to nine molts. The weather and amount of available food are the controlling factors of the number of molts. 200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 The most reliable character in distinguishing the instars is the size of the head. Other characters, such as color and the pres- ence of certain lines aid in their determination but are not so reliable. With some practice the instar can be told by the naked eye. There is no constant ratio between the sizes of the heads during the different instars, as stated by Dyar for other moths. The growth in length or width during a*caterpillar's life, is not constant and when plotted forms an oscillating line. In general, the growth is negative during the last few days of each instar. The larvae first feed gregariously upon the surface of the oak leaves and later separate to feed upon the full thickness of the leaves. Newly hatched and older caterpillars will migrate con- siderable distances in search of food. Due to climate and natural enemies their number fluctuates in each locality from one extreme to the other. NEW SPECIES OF NEOTROPICAL PYRAUSTINAE (LEPID.). BY W. SCHAUS. (Continued from page IQO.) Bocchoris cubanalis, new species. Female. — Palpi ochreous fringed with white. Head ochreous with a white spot on frons and one on vertex behind. Collar brown in front, white be- hind. Thorax brown with lateral white lines. Abdomen above brown, the basal segment suffused with white; a broad lateral white band on basal half. Wings white, the markings mostly ochreous brown; a terminal fus- cous line inwardly edged with white, interrupted on fore wings by veins; basal half of cilia ochreous, terminal half grayish white. Fore wings: costal margin gray; some ochreous shading at base; a subbasal outbent streak below cell ; antemedial line almost vertical mottled with black striae ; a medial spot across cell edged with black striae ; a similar -broad bar on disco- cellular; postmedial from edge of costa, almost vertical to vein 2, upangled and curved where suffusing with discocellular bar, then vertical and slightly sinuous to inner margin; a broad subterminal shade expanding at vein 2 and suffusing with postmedial; a streak along vein 7 expanding to subter- minal shade, leaving small white spots on either side of postmedial line below costal margin.' Hind wings: postmedial line heavily striated with black, downbent to near anal angle, upbent and narrower to lower angle of cell, then curved to inner margin below middle; the subterminal shade broadly edged inwardly with black striae and suffusing with postmedial at anal angle. Wings below white with all the markings as above fuscous gray. Expanse, 15 mm. Habita'. — Santiago, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 237X1, U. S. N. M. Allied to B. minima von Hedemann. PROC. EJNT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, KO. 8, NOV., 1920 -Mil Bocchoris incoalis, new species. Male. — Palpi white with a lateral reddish brown line. Head, collar and thorax white. Abdomen white-brown, faintly at base, more heavily on last segments. Wings white, the lines mostly light brown striated with fuscous brown; cilia whitish with a dark brown line close to base, and some grayish shading at middle of outer margins. Fore wings : a basal streak along cos- tal edge ; a fine antemedial outcurved line from a small spot on costa, closely followed by a fine line suffusing with a short medial streak on submedian; a broad bar on discocellular suffusing with a broader clear brown spot on costal margin, inwardly edged by a slightly curved dark line which also reaches the medial streak on submedian, and is followed above submedian by a fine dark line to postmcdial; the discocellular bar and costal spot is outwardly edged by a fine dark line somewhat incurved and extending to near submedian joined there and on costa joined by the fine postmcdial line which is outcurved, but indentate between veins 5 and 0, with a streak ex- tending to discocellular bar; the postmedial is closely followed by another line which is connected between veins 5 and 6 by a thick line with the subterminal line, the latter being somewhat interrupted towards inner margin; a broad terminal dark line preceded by brown suffusions chiefly at apex. Hind wings: a broad medial line, bifurcating at cell, but not reaching costal margin, again bifurcating on inner margin above anal angle; a sinuous, narrower, postmedial line crossed between veins 2 and 3 by a fine line from medial line to termen; a still finer subterminal line marked by a small triangular spot between veins 5 and 6, not extending beyond vein 2; marginal clusters of scales on veins 2-5, and brown suffusions at apex; a terminal thick line diminishing towards anal angle. Underneath with the markings very sim- ilar but duller. Expanse, 15 mm. Habitat— Peru. Type.— Cat. No. J.-57M', U. S. N. M. Closely allied to B. darsanalis Druce. Pilocrocis pargialis, new species. Male. — Palpi brown, fringed below at base with white. Frons brown. Vertex bluish gray. Collar and patagia dark bluish gray. Abdomen above grayish brown shaded with reddish brown on second and terminal segments. Body below whitish. Legs and tarsi mostly white; fore femora and tibae cinnamon brown, the tarsi with broad brow-n rings. Wings gray brown rather thinly scaled, the lines fuscous brown, fine. Fore wings: an indistinct subbasal line; antemedial line slightly outcurved, deeply wavy; a faint whitish discocellular line, with dark edging; postmedial line wavy, slightly incurved to vein 6, then outcurved, deeply dentate, upbent above vein 2 to discocellular, then wavily downbent to inner margin. Hind wings: a dark line on discocellular; postmedial line dentate, upbent along vein 2 to cell, then downbent towards inner margin; a dark terminal line. Wings 202 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 below grayish white; the postmedial line more punctiform; discocellular markings as above, an interrupted terminal dark line on both wings. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Castro, Parana. Type.— Cat. No. 23783, U. S. N. M. Pilocrocis guianalis, new species. Male. — Antennae with short cilia. Hind tibiae with long curved hairs, ochreous, inwardly brown shaded. Palpi uniform brownish gray, also head, collar, thorax, and abdomen above; the patagia rather long. Body below and legs pale ochreous, the fore femora brownish gray. Wings dull gray brown; a fine darker antemedial line from subcostal, slightly outcurved; a medial darker spot in cell followed by an ochreous spot; a double incurved fuscous line on discocellular divided by a fine ochreous line; postmedial faint, fuscous from costal edge, vertical and dentate to vein 3, inbent below vein 3 to discocellular, then vertical to near submedian and inbent to inner margin, preceded by small pale ochreous spots above and below being 4 ; cilia tipped with whitish gray and with a fine pale line at base. Hind wings: a fuscous shade on discocellular, followed by a pale ochreous spot which is outwardly edged by the faintly darker postmedial ; this line is upbent to the lower angle of cell, then downbent to inner margin below middle. Wings below whitish ochreous, the postmedial line finer, faintly marked, with traces of the ochreous spots. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.— Cat. No. 23784, U. S. N. M. Very much line P. alvinalis Guenee, which has the hind tibiae smooth. Pilocrocis dentilinealis, new species. Male. — Palpi brown with white spots below at base of first and second joints. Head and abdomen above ochreous. Collar and thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen below whitish ochre, laterally silvery white. Legs white; fore femora and tibiae light brown. Wings thinly scaled, ochreous brown; an interrupted dark terminal line. Fore wings : a dark basal line across costa and cell ; a fine antemedial line across cell to submedian ; a small dark medial spot in cell; a fuscous brown spot on discocellular; postmedial fine, dark brown vertical and deeply dentate from costa to vein .5, then lunular to vein 3, upcurved below 3 to near discocellular and downbent to inner margin, somewhat thicker below vein 2 to near submedian. Hind wings: a dark line on discocellular; postmedial fine, outcurved and minutely dentate be- tween veins 5 and 2, inset to cell at vein 2, then broader and minutely dentate to inner margin. Wings below pale ochreous, the spots smaller; the postmedial lines almost punctiform; an interrupted brown terminal line; costa of hind wings whitish. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23785, U. S. N. M. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, xo. 8, NOV., 1920 203 Pilocrocis estebanalis, new species. Female. — Palpi cinnamon brown fringed below with white. Frons brown- Vertex white mottled with pale ochreous. Collar yellow, thorax whitish yellow; a cinnamon brown line on shoulders. Abdomen above pale yellow, underneath silvery white. Thorax below silvery white, the legs white; the fore legs outwardly ochreous. Wings semihyaline pale yellow. Fore wings: costal edge very finely brown; an antemedial brown point in cell; a round medial spot below subcostal, a brown bar on discocellular. Hind wings without markings. Wings below white; a dark line on discocellular of fore wing. Expanse, 2(5 mm. Habitat. — San Esteban Valley, Venezuela. Type.— Cat. No. 23786, U. S. N. M. Near P. citrina Druce. Pilocrocis sororalis, new species. Male. — Palpi ochreous white, the first and second joints with terminal gray rings. Head white with a large gray spot on frons and on vertex. Collar white with a central and outer fuscous gray lines; thorax fuscous edged with white behind, the patagia white with large dark spots. Abdomen above white with broad black segmental lines somewhat narrower subdor- jally; underneath silvery white. Legs white, the fore femora and tibiae with gray spots. Fore wings opalescent, semihyaline, white, the markings dark cupreous brown; costal edge pale ochreous, the markings not crossing it except the postmedial line ; a thick broken basal line; a broad subbasal line, expanding into a spot in cell; antemedial line fine, almost vertical expanding slightly just below cell; a medial spot Irom above cell to a black line along median; a medial spot above submedian connected on inner margin with the antemedial by an inbent line ; a broad fascia across discocellular space ; postmedial narrow, vertical to vein 5, then slightly outbent to vein 1', up- bent along it to discocellular fascia with which it suffuses, then downbent to inner margin, being followed there by a narrow white line, the rest of inner margin to tornus being broadly dark ataded; a large terminal dark space, its proximal edge rounded, almost touching the postmedial line and stopping at vein 3; only a terminal dark line between veins '2 and '.}; cilia mottled while and fuscous. Hind wings semihyaline opalescent white; a black spot at vein 6 and cell; a postmedial fuscous shade, expanding into a spot on inner margin above anal angle; a fuscous shade from postmedial from vein 3 to termen below vein 2; a curved line from postmedial above vein 5 to vein 2 near termen; a dark apical quadrate spot not reaching vein 5. Fore wings below without the dark space at inner angle, only a short line; the postmedial line free throughout. Hind wings with the markings much fainter. Expanse, o4 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 2:!7S7, U. S. N. M. Near P. pellucidalis Dogn. 204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Pilocrocis cyranonalis, new species. Male. — Palpi grayish brown fringed below at base with white. Body above grayish brown, underneath white, the legs mostly white; fore femora and tibiae grayish brown, the fore tibiae and base of tarsi thickly scaled. Wings brown with a faint purplish tinge; the cilia grayish brown. Fore wings: spots opalescent white finely edged with fuscous brown; an ante- medial point below cell; a small medial spot in cell below subcostal, and a slightly larger spot below cell ; a quadrate postmedial spot from vein 5 to vein 7 its outer edge dentate; a white po'.nt beyond it above vein 4, and an inset point below vein 4. Hind wings: a darker line on discocellular followed by a faintly hyaline spot; a darker postmedial line, dentate opposite cell, inset at vein 2 and downbent dentate towards inner margin. Fore wings below paler brown ; costal margin whitish ochre ; the spots as above dull but white. Hind wings below whitish, the termen shaded with pale brown ; a whitish spot on discocellular defined by black spots on either side; post- medial line fine but thicker between veins 5 and 6 and just below vein 2. Expanse, 34 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 237S8, U. S. N. M. Near P. cyrisalis Druce. Pilocrocis bastalis, new species. Male. — Mid tibiae with tufts of long black hairs; hind tibiae missing. Palpi brown, the first joint and part of second fringed with white. Head, collar and thorax grayish brown. Abdomen above grayer, underneath whitish ochre. Wings brown with a cupreous tinge. Fore wings: a narrow medial hyaline spot across cell, and a narrower outbent streak below cell; a narrower fuscous brown streak on discocellular; three postmedial small hyaline spots forming a slightly incurved line cut by veins 6 and 5, and a smaller spot below vein 4 slightly inset. Hind wings more thinly scaled at base and along inner margin; the postmedial hyaline spots placed as on fore wing and the same size. Wrings underneath duller. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Peru. Type.— Cat. No. 23789, U. S. N. M. Pilocrocis evanidalis, new species. Male. — Palpi: first joint pale ochreous, second and third joints light brown. Body above brown, underneath whitish. Wings silky brown, faintly cupreous; cilia tipped with white. Fore wings: a faint, darker, ante- medial line, somewhat macular ; a small dark and narrow linear spot on disco- cellular; postmedial line fine, slightly darker, almost vertical from costa to below vein 3, in and upbent to near discocellular, angled and downbent to inner margin. Hind wing with very faint traces of a postmedial line. Wings PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, XO. 8, NOV., IQ2O 2l).~> below paler with a purple tinge; a whitish line on discocellular of fore wing; a faint postmedial line on hind wing. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23790, U. S. N. M. Tyspanodes santiagalis, new species. Female. — Palpi and head pale ochreous brown; frons with silvery scales laterally and behind. Collar opalescent gray shaded with ochreous brown in front. Thorax opalescent gray. Abdomen above ochreous brown, dor- sally shaded with gray except at base and terminally, the last segment dark gray with a transverse ochreous yellow band. Body below and legs silvery white; the legs faintly streaked with ochreous. Fore wings gray with a faintly darker vertical postmedial shade. Hind wings whitish ochre thinly scaled. Wings below pale ochreous; a broad dark grayish shade below costa. Expanse, 20 mm. Habitat. — Santiago, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 23791, U. S. N. M. Tyspanodes piuralis, new species. Male. — Head and body above pale ochreous, the palpi white in front. Body below white, the tibiae streaked with ochreous. Fore wings pale ochreous, thinly scaled, somewhat opalescent; small darker subbasal points on median and vein 1 ; a faint, fine, antemedial dark line outangled in cell, deeply incurved below cell, and outangled on vein 1 ; two dark points at ends of discocellular; postmedial line fine, dentate, well outcurved beyond cell, preceded by a similar less distinct line; termen faintly tinged with brown; terminal dark points on interspaces. Hind wings hyaline opalescent white; terminal black points on interspaces. Wings In-low white with terminal black points; costa of fore wings pale ochreous. Expanse, 21 mm. Habitat. — Piura, Peru. Type.— Cat. No. 23792, U. S. X. M. Tyspanodes albomarginalis, new species. l-'finale. — Palpi, head, collar and thorax white. Abdomen above gray brown, the basal segment white; underneath white. Legs white. Fore wings suffused with brown, costa and inner margin narrowly white; termen more broadly white, cilia white; some white hairs at base; a short, -white streak below cell at base; the white on inner margin expanding slightly ante- medially; a postmedial punctiform white line, well outcurved from costa to vein 2, then inbent. Hind wings semihyaline white; faint traces of a post- medial and subterminal pale ochreous shade thinly irrorated with brown. 206 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Wings below white. Expanse, 22 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23793, U. S. N. M. Phostria cleodalis, new species. Male. — Antennae with a short tuft of hairs before middle. Palpi dark gray. Head and collar brown. Thorax and abdomen above grayish brown; underneath white. Legs streaked with light brown; tarsi white; a broad fuscous ring at base of fore tarsi. Wings brown with a faint purplish tinge. Fore wings : costal margin tinged with gray to postmedial line ; a faint brown- ish white spot in end of cell, and one below cell, before vein 2, faintly darker edged; an outbent pale line on discocellular, edged with darker brown lines, followed by a semihyaline white spot from veins 5-6, and a smaller spot above vein 6, their outer edge incurved; three similar spots from vein 5 to vein 2, with their outer edge lunular; the spot below vein 5 is outset beyond the spot above it, and they are all darker edged by what is presumably the postmedial line; cilia dark gray. Hind wings with faint hyaline spots in and beyond cell, also streaks on interspaces below cell to inner margin on either side of the faint postmedial line; a dark streak on discocellular; cilia gray tipped with white towards anal angle. Wings below grayer, with only the postmedial spots of fore wing well denned. Expanse, 29 mm. Habitat. — Bolivia. Type.-Cat. No. 2:57<)4, U. S. N. M. Near P. tridentalis Hampson. This species is described on page 328, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, 1912; on page 333 Hamp- son describes under the same name a species from Africa, for which I suggest the name of hampsonialis. Phostria indignalis, new species. Female. — Palpi gray brown. Head and abdomen dull dark grayish brown. Collar and thorax tinged with dull dark steel gray. Abdomen below dark silky gray. Legs dark gray, the tarsi ochreous; some blue scaling at base of fore femora. Wings dark brown; the discal area of fore wings faintly tinged with blue. Wings below paler, the cells tinged, the veins streaked with blue; the terminal third tinged with purple. Expanse, 32 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23795, U. S. N. M. Phostria cayennalis, new species. Male. — Palpi and head orange. Collar opalescent gray shaded with orange PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 207 in front. Thorax and abdomen above lavender-gray; the latter with the last segment and anal hairs orange, the genitalia tuft white; venter yellow. Legs orange. Fore wings: base of costa and inner margin lavender-gray; costa otherwise shaded with ochreous, the inner margin otherwise and ter- men broadly dark grayish brown; disc of wing more thinly scaled, iridescent blue, irrorated with dark gray below cell, with dark brown postmedially, and crossed by dark veins. Hind wings gray broadly shaded with fuscous terminally, the di=c thinly scaled. Wings below grayer, the disc of fore wing only faintly tinged with blue. Expanse, 32 mm. Habitat. — Cayenne, French Guiana. Type.— Cat. No. 2.37%, U. S. X. M. Near P. disciiridescens Hampson. Phostria carusalis, new species. Male. — Palpi black, at base white. Frons fuscous with a pale yellow line in front. Collar dark brown with a yellow spot laterally. Thorax and abdomen above fuscous brown, the patagia and base of abdomen laterally bright yellow. Body below whitish; mid and hind tibiae outwardly light brown; fore tibiae and base of tarsi outwardly dark brown; tarsi ochreous. Fore wings deep purple irrorated W'ith black; costal margin dull fuscous brown; a bright yellow spot from base of inner margin, its anterior edge straight below base of cell, then downcurved to middle of inner margin; a broad, oblique, bright yellow fascia from end and beyond cell from sub- costal to below vein 2. Hind wings bright yellow, rather thinly scaled; termen dark purple from inner margin, expanding above vein 3, then narrow- ing to a point at middle of costal margin; cilia dark silky brown with some fuscous shadings. Wings below somewhat duller. Expanse, 26 mm. Ha bitat . — Bolivia . Type.— Cat. No. 2.37«)7, U. S. N. M. Near P. delilalis Walker. Dichocrocis gyacalis, new species. Female. — Palpi ochreous, laterally dark brown on terminal half. Head, collar, thorax, and abdomen above grayish brown, the patagia mostly pale yellowr. Fore wings pale yellow; costal margin broadly dark silky gray to below cell at base, leaving only the terminal lower half of cell yellow, beyond cell extending to middle of discocellular then slightly narrower; a fuscous gray spot on discocellular; termen dark silky gray, the inner margin more narrowly so, and not reaching base; the marginal shade is inwardly finely edged with dark brown. Hind wings pale, the termen dark silky gray; a faint spot on discocellular. Wings below paler; the inner margin of fore wing whitish yellow; hind wings with only a fine brown terminal line. 208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat. — Sao Pau'o, Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 2379S, U. S. N. M. Near D. eubeusahs Walker, which has no dark inner margin on fore wing. Dichocrocis tlapalis, new species. Male. — Palpi whitish ochre with a lateral brown spot on second joint. Frons whitish ochre with a large fuscous spot. Vertex mottled white and brown. Collar gray- brown tipped with white. Thorax fuscous, the patagia inwardly edged with white on anterior half, and with a short white line on outer edge. Abdomen above fuscous with whitish segmental lines at base, the anal hairs ochreous. Wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: basal half of costa ochreous yellow; a black point at base; a subbasal wavy white line, preceded on costa by a black spot extending into cell, and followed by a larger black spot on costa; a wavy antemedial white line slightly outcurved, followed by a small black spot on costa and a small white spot in cell; a large white spot at end of cell, narrowing behind; a yellowish white sinuous line on discocellular inwardly broadly edged with fuscous brown; postmedial line remote, white, outcurved below costa, incurved from veins 6—4, again outcurved to below vein 2, and upbent to below discocellular, but very faint, and outangled from vein 2 near cell to inner margin; this line is inwardly edged with fuscous brown preceded by whitish shades on interspaces from veins 8-2 ; a whitish yellow shade from costa to vein 7 before apex ; an irregu- lar black terminal shade; cilia dark brown, with a pale line at base, also tipped with white towards apex. Hind wings: a subbasal and an anteme- dial white line; a small whitish spot on discocellular circled with fuscous; postmedial very faint from costa, uphent along vein 2 to lower angle of cell, then more distinct, downbent and excurved to inner margin near anal angle; termen and cilia as on fore wing. Fore wings below paler, the inner margin whitish. Hind wings below pale; a space below cell to inner margin whitish; the postmedial line more distinct. Expanse, 22 mm. Habitat. — Orizaba, Mexico. Type.— Cat. No. 23799, U. S. N. M. Near D. penniger Dyar. Dichocrocis clystalis, new species. Mute. — Palpi lilacine gray, the base whitish. Frons whitish. Vertex ochreous. Collar light silky brown. Thorax silvery gray. Abdomen above brown, the base and anal segment whitish gray; some fuscous shading on segments behind. Body below whitish, the legs silvery white. Fore wings lilacine brown; a fuscous brown spot as base of cell, and one on inner margin; a similar subbasal spot on costa, also an antemedial spot from which a fine PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 209 black line is outbent to inner margin; the basal half of costa is somewhat paler shaded ; a small black spot at middle of cell ; a thich black discocellular line, outbent from subcostal, suffusing at vein 4 with a similar postmedial line inbent from costal edge, the space between forming a triangular whitish yellow spot; below vein 4 the two lines suffuse into a thicker vertical line to inner margin, terminal fuscous brown spots on interspaces. Hind wings lilacine brown irrorated with fuscous gray; a dark line on discocellular, faint traces of a fuscous postmedial line, more distinct at costa and inner margin. Fore wings below much paler, the cell and inner margin whitish; a black oblique line on discocellular; the postmedial line from costa to vein 4. Hind wings below almost white; a black discal point and faint postmedial line. Expanse, 17 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23SOO, U. S. N. M. Lamprosema diaphanalis, new species. Male. — Palpi witji first and base of second joint white, otherwise dark brown. Head, collar, and thorax whitish yellow; a dark brown streak on shoulders. Abdomen whitish with a dorsal line, deep yellow at base, then brown; anal hairs yellowish. Body below and legs silvery white; fore tibiae and base of tarsi streaked with brown. Wings thinly scaled whitish yellow; cilia white; lines fine, pale brown. Fore wings: basal half of costa shaded with purplish; antemedial line outbent from median to inner margin; lines on either side of the more densely scaled discocellular; a small yellow spot at middle of cell adjoining subcostal; postmedial from subcostal, outcurved, lunular to below vein 4, and inbent to cell at vein 3, then vertical and sinuous to inner margin. Hind wings with a dark point on discocellular; postmedial line outcurved, lunular to vein 2, not reaching cell, and almost straight to middle of inner margin. Fore wings below: costal edge dark brown, the cellu- lar spot and discocellular line dark edged, postmedial hardly lunular. Hind wings below white; postmedial line indistinct. Expanse, 28 mm. Habitat. — Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23S01, U. S. N. M. Sylepta anchuralis, new species. Male. — Fore tibiae and tarsi, except terminal joints with thick short fringe. Palpi with first and base of second joints white, otherwise brown. Head, body and wings bistre brown; some pale hairs at base of abdomen. Body below and legs whitish; fringe on fore tibiae brown, on tarsi brown circled by two white lines. Fore wings: a small antemedial hyaline spot below cell, with darker brown shading on either side; a short semihyaline streak from subcostal near end of cell, and a similar streak below it from vein 2 to submedian fold, both darker edged on either side; two semihyaline 210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 points beyond cell between veins 5 and 7 more heavily edged with dark brown, and two larger spots slightly outset between veins 3 and 5, their outer edge indentate on vein 4, and only dark edged outwardly ; faint terminal spots on interspaces. Hind wings more thinly scaled, whitish at base and on inner margin; a semihyaline small spot with dark edge beyond discocellular; a faint postmedial line dentate between 5 and 2, upbent to cell and downbent to below middle of inner margin; an interrupted dark terminal line; a dark line at base of cilia. Wings below paler tinged with gray. Expanse, 29 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23802, U. S. N. M. Sylepta albicostalis, new species. Male. — Palpi : first joint white, second and third dark brown. Head, collar and thorax bright orange. Abdomen above gray. Body below and legs white; fore and hind tibiae and tarsi streaked with gray. Fore wings gray shot with blue, the apex narrowly white; cilia gray, at apex dark brown. Hind wings gray; the costal margin for two thirds from base broadly white, extending beyond anterior half of cell. Wings below pale gray without any white at apex of fore wing; the costal margin of hind wing as above. Expanse, 46 mm. Habitat. — Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23803, U. S. N. M. Neat S. laticalis Lederer. Sylepta viridivertex, new species. Male. — Palpi brown, the first joint white. Frons pale brownish ochre. Vertex and collar pale green. Thorax grayish shaded with pale green behind; patagia mostly pale green shaded. Abdomen dull brownish gray with faint greenish shading dorsally. Abdomen below ochreous white. Legs white; fore tarsi with three fuscous bands. Wrings thinly scaled brownish gray, the lines dull dark brown; a pale line at base of cilia which is partly darker shaded. Fore wings: antemedial line slightly outcurved; a dark line on discocellular not reaching lower angle of cell; a dentate postmedial line from subcostal, outbent and curved from below vein 6 to below vein 3, then up- bent, curved at lower angle of cell and slightly outbent to inner margin. Hind wings more thinly scaled at base; a dark line on discocellular; post- medial line faintly dentate, vertical to below vein 6 slightly outcurved and upbent between veins 3 and 2, then downbent to inner margin before reach- ing cell. Wings below paler, the hind wings almost white with the post- medial line better defined. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Aroa, Venezuela. Type.— Cat. No. 23804, U. S. N. M. Near 5. silicalis Guence. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., IQ2O 211 Sylepta mysticalis, new species. Female. — Palpi grayish brown, whitish on first and base of second joints Body above and wings ochreous brown. Body below and legs ochreous white. Fore wings: a fine outbent dark antemedial line; a dark point on discocellular; postmedial line fine, dark, very slightly ontcurved to vein 2, upbent to near cell, angled and downbent to inner margin. Hind wings: postmedial line faint, very slightly outcurved and only a little upbent on vein 2, then angled and downbent to inner margin. \Vings below somewhat paler, the postmedial line almost punctiform. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 7 ;•/*.— Cat. No. L'Mso:,, U. S. X. M. Near 5. brunnescens H amp son. Sylepta nebulalis, new species. Male. — Palpi brownish gray, the second joint crossed by darker shades at base and tip. Head dark brown. Collar and thorax dark gray shaded with fuscous. Abdomen above brown with fine white segmental lines and some fuscous irrorations towards base. Abdomen below and legs ochreous white, the fore femora shaded with brown. Wings thinly scaled whitish irrorated with brown forming lines and blotches; cilia white partly tipped with fuscous. Fore wings: a dark spot at base; subbasal space mottled; two antemedial pale lines defined by fine dark edging outbent to median, incurved on inner margin; a dark medial point in cell; a large dark spot on discocellular; postmedial line whitish defined by a dark line on inner edge, and outwardly brown shaded to termcn, slightly inbent from costa to disco- cellular fold, outcurved lunular, upbent above vein 2 to cell, then incurved to vein 1, angled and slightly inbent on inner margin; terminal space more darkly shaded along veins. Hind wings: irrorations forming numerous fine lines; postmedial line dark, thick, better defined, outcurved between veins 5 and 2, inset and almost straight to inner margin; terminal space as on fore wing. Wings below duller white with finer irrorations; fore wings with the spot in cell and discocellular spot well marked; hind wings with a dark lunule on discocellular, the postmedial line finer and dentate. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Perti. Type.— Cut. Xo. 23806, U. S. X. M. Lygropia maritzalis, new species. Miile. — Palpi yellow streaked behind with black; first and second joints terminally fuscous brown. Body above orange; a black dorsal patch at base of abdomen, and a transverse fine black line anteriorly on third segment ; anal hairs ochreous with lateral black tufts. Abdomen below yellowish 212 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., IQ2O white. Legs white shaded with ochreous; fore tarsi white with three black rings. Wings bright orange; cilia black at base tipped with gray; markings black. Fore wings: a subbasal spot on costa; a more remote spot on inner margin; an antemedial spot on costa entering cell as a line, an outset ver- tical line below cell, and a similar line from vein 1 to inner margin; a thick line on discocellular ; an outbent postmedial line across costal margin; spots from veins 7-2, the spot above vein 5 slightly inset, a larger inset spot below vein 2, and a small spot below it on inner margin. Hind wings: a post medial series of spots outcurved and smaller from veins 5-2, a line inset at vein 2 and downbent towards inner margin also interrupted. Fore wings below: costa finely fuscous; postmedial spots reduced to points. Hind wings below with a dark point on discocellular; postmedial spots faintly indicated. Expanse, 29 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23807, U. S. N. M. In appearance like Sylepta sticti gramma Hampson from the Bahamas and Cuba. f> Lygropia domingalis, new species. Female. — Palpi yellow. Head, body above and wings orange yellow. Body below yellowish white. Legs yellow; fore tarsi white with three fus- cous rings. Fore wings: a black line across costa and cell near base; a sub- basal black point on inner margin ; antemedial black line on costa, and a medial point below cell; a thick black line on discocellular; fine and faint postmedial streaks on costa; a point below vein 6; a short fine streak post- medially below vein 2; cilia whitish gray. Hind wings: a small fuscous spot medially below vein 2; cilia fuscous tipped with gray. Wings below with- out markings. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat. — San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo. Type— Cat. No. 23808, U. S. N. M. Collected by Mr. A. Busck. Near Lygropia chromalis Guenee. Lygropia venadialis, new species. Female. — Palpi white streaked behind with black. Head and body above yellow ; some black scaling at base of abdomen and on second segment. Body below and legs white. Wings yellow, lines black; a terminal line; cilia gray. Fore wings: base of costa and cell fuscous; a fine short basal streak below cell; antemedial line outbent in cell, vertical below it to inner margin followed in cell by a white spot edged with black ; discocellular spot extending above subcostal, outlined in black, medially constricted like a figure 8 with a round white spot in front and one behind; postmedial line slightly outbent from costa below vein 3, obsolescent to discocellular spot where it is vertical to PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 2-2, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 213 inner margin. Hind wings: a postmedial line downbent to below vein 3, obsolescent and well inset, downbent from vein '2 to inner margin below mid- dle. Fore wings below duller, the markings as above; the terincn with light brown shading. Hind wings below as above but with a dark spot on upper discocellular. Expanse, 15 mm. Habitat. — Venadio, Sinaloa, Mexico. Type.— Cat. No. 23809, U. S. N. M. Received from Mr. B. Preston Clark. Lygropia naranjalis, new species. Female. — Palpi yellow narrowly fringed and tipped with black. Head, body, and wings deep orange; a black dorsal stripe on abdomen from second segment to anal segment; anal hairs black. Body below black; throat deep yellow; fore femora yellow, the tibiae and tarsi black; hind legs silvery gray, the tibiae orange. Fore wings: costa and termen narrowly black; cilia black. Hind wings: termen narrowly black expanding at apex and anal angle. Wings below the same. Expanse, 17 mm. Habitat. — Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. Type.— Cat. No. 23810, U. S. N. M. Near L. armeniacalis Walker. Lygropia fuscivenalis, new species. Male. — Palpi orange, the third joint black. Head, throat, collar and front of patagia bright orange; patagia otherwise, thorax and abdomen brownish black; anal hairs white. Fore wings dull grayish brown, the veins fuscous brown, except the discocellular which has no marking. Hind wings brown black, the veins black. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat.— Peru. Type.— Cat. No. 2:jxil, U. vS. X. M. Margaronia morosalis, new species Mule. — Palpi fuscous brown fringed with white on basal half. Head collar and thorax dark brown tinged with lilacine. Abdomen above fus- cous; anal hairs yellow brown mottled with darker brown tipped hairs. Body below ochre white. Legs white; fore tibiae and tarsi shaded with brown. Fore wings silky brown; traces of faintly semi-hyaline spots beyond cell and between veins 3 and 2, better denned on underside. Hind wings silky brown thinly scaled appearing semihyaliiu ; termen broadly silky brown. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Callao, Pe u. 214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Type.— Cat. No. 23812, U. S. N. M. Received from Mrs. J. Pusey. Near M. holophoenica Hampson. Margaronia brevilinealis, new species. Male. — Palpi fuscous brown, white at base. Head, collar and thorax dark brown. Abdomen above fuscous brown; anal hairs whitish broadly tipped with black, the lateral tufts opalescent. Abdomen below whitish gray with dark transverse shades. Thorax below and throat silvery white. Legs ochre white, the fore tibiae and tarsi shaded with brown. Wings dark brown faintly tinged with purple; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Fore wings: basal half faintly tinged with lilacine; a semihyaline yellowish fascia adjoin- ing discocellular, incurved below vein 3, and with only a small spot below vein 2, darker edged, outwardly lunular dentate. Hind wings: costa to be- yond middle narrowly white; a broad medial semihyaline line terminating below vein 2, its proximal edge somewhat 'ndentate at lower angle of cell. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat. — Volcan de Santa Maria, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23813, U. S. N. M. Margaronia guatemalalis, new species. Male. — Palpi fuscous brown fringed below with white. Head and thorax dark grayish brown. Abdomen above fuscous, a white transverse line near base; terminal segment white in front yellowish behind; anal hairs black; lateral tufts opalescent. Wings dark brown faintly tinged with purple; cilia dark silvery gray with a fine pale line at base. Fore wings: a semihyaline broad white line beyond cell from vein 8 terminating in a small spot below vein 2. Hind wings: basal half of costa narrowly white; a broad medial semihyaline whitish line, vertical, narrowing to a point, but not reaching anal angle; a fuscous line on discocellular. Wings below paler. Kxpanse, 22 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23814, U. S. N. M. Near M. albicincta Hampson. Margaronia marginepuncta, new species. Male. — Palpi dark brown, the base white. Head brown. Collar gray brown tipped with white. Thorax gray brown. Abdomen above darker gray-brown; a white transverse line near base; anal segments and hairs yellow-white, the latter tipped with black, the lateral tufts opalescent. Ab- domen below yellowish white. Legs white, the fore tibiae shaded with light brown. Wings brown tinged with purple. Fore wings: a whitish dark edged line on discocellular followed by a broad semihyaline whitish fascia from vein 7, incurved at vein 3 to below end of cell, terminating in a small spot PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 215 below vein 2; a small yellow spot medially on inner margin. Hind wings, a broad medial semihyaline white fascia from costa to near inner margin, where it is somewhat narrower; cilia on both wings gray, crossed by a brown line near base. Hind wings below with the basal half of costa whitish. Expanse, 20 mm. Habitat. — Jamaica, West Indies. Type.— Cat. No. 23815, U. S. N. M. Near M. lualis Herrich-Schaeffer. Margaronia brunneacollis, new species. Male. — Palpi fuscous brown, fringed with white below on basal half. Head, collar and thorax dark brown, the patagia shaded with bronze. Abdo- men above fuscous, underneath white; anal tufts yellowish at base broadly tipped with silvery steel gray. Throat and legs white. Fore wings dark brown, showing indistinctly, the postmedial white spot of underside. Hind wings white, the termen broadly black at apex, extending narrowly to be yond middle of costa, narrowing to a point at anal angle. Fore wings below dark brown; base of inner margin to cell white; an oblique large oval white spot beyond cell from vein 7 to below vein 2. Hind wings below as above. Expanse, 36 mm. Habitat. — Bolivia. Type— Cat. No. 23816, U. S. X. M. Near M. auricollis Snellen. Margaronia aroalis, new species. Female. — Palpi brown, the base and throat dull white. Head and body above dull brown, underneath and legs ochreous white. Fore wings dull brownish gray; a semihyaline yellowish white space from below middle of cell, its lower edge downbent to vein 1, its outer edge wavily upcurved to below vein 7, its upper edge following median to vein 4 and sinuously upbent to below vein 7, terminating there in a small spot. Hind wings yellowish white, the termen rather broadly dull brownish gray. Wings below whiter, the hind wings without the terminal shade. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat. — Aroa, Venezuela. Type.— Cat. No. 23817, U. S. N. M. Margaronia venatalis, new species. I'cmale. — Palpi: first joint white, second pale lilacine brown fringed below with white. Head, collar and thorax white. Abdomen above gray shaded. white at base. Abdomen below white, the two last segments gray. Legs white. Fore wings brownish gray, 'he median, veins from cell and vein 1 dark brown; a white streak above median; shorter white streaks above vein 1, and on inner margin, the latter interrupted by an oblique medial dark 216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., IQ2O shade from cell at vein 2; a white streak above vein 6 to near termen; short postmedial whitish streaks on interspaces from vein 5 to vein 2 adjoining cell, below vein 2 forming a whitish vertical shade to inner margin; a ter- minal dark brown line preceded by a white line cut by veins. Hind wings brownish gray, paler at base and on inner margin; a dark terminal line. Fore wings below silky gray-brown; a terminal fuscous brown line. Hind wings below white; a terminal fuscous brown line expanding slightly on in- terspaces. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23818, U. S. N. M. Margaronia rioalis, new species. Female. — Palpi fuscous brown; a short white streak in front at base; the fringe with a few white tipped hairs. Head dark brown with lateral white lines. Collar and thorax fuscous brown; an outer white line expanding broadly on patagia. Abdomen above fuscous brown, the last three segments with fine white lines behind. Abdomen below grayish brown with three white lines as above. Legs fuscous gray. Fore wings fuscous brown; an opalescent white spot across cell obliquely towards inner margin and tornus, ending in a point; a large semioval opalescent spot postmedially from vein 8 to near tornus, its outer edge rounded, its inner edge almost straight, a fine white line on discocellular; a whitish sub terminal line; the apex broadly brown as in M. heliconalis Guenee, but the two spots do not meet behind as in that species. Hind wings opalescent white; termen broadly fuscous brown, narrowing on inner margin to a point above middle, on costal margin narrowing to a point near base; at vein 6 the white forms a short upbent subterminal line. Wings below fuscous, the opalescent portions as above. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Type,— Cat. No. 23819, U. S. N. M. Also near M. extorris Dognin, which is the same as M. confinis Druce, but the latter name, though earlier, is preoccupied by an eastern species. Margaronia busccalis, new species. Male. — Palpi lilacine brown, shaded with light reddish brown at base. Frons white with a transverse reddish brown line. Vertex and collar lilacine brown. Thorax fuscous, the patagia brownish gray. Abdomen reddish brown with some white segmental lines and dark irrorations dorsally near middle; lateral white tufts at base upcurved over base of abdomen. Body below white; legs mostly white; base of mid tarsi brown; fore legs lilacine brown with tufts of hair on tibiae and base of tarsi; terminal half of tarsi white. Fore wings pale olive-brown tinged with lilacine; base dark brown PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 217 limited by a thick straight white line, inbent from costa to inner margin; costal margin paler; a curved white spot below subcostal before end of cell, laterally edged with fuscous in front; an inangled dark brown line on disco- cellular followed by an oblique white spot from vein 7 to vein 5, its outer edge indentate on vein 6; postmedial line remote, faintly darker, vertical from costa to vein 4, slightly incurved and inbent below vein 2, outwardly edged with white from subcostal to vein 6. Hind wings thinly scaled whitish suffused with light ochreous brown; a postmedial minutely wavy brownish line; a dark terminal line; cilia gray tipped with white. Wings below whitish gray, the markings indistinct; postmedial line on hind wings better defined, interrupted by veins. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat. — Santo Domingo, West Indies. Type.— Cat. No. 23820, U. S. N. M. Collected by Mr. A. Busck. Near M. impulsalis Herrich-Schaeffer ; the antemedial line oblique and narrower, the discocellular spot also more oblique. Cliniodes paranalis, new species. Male. — Palpi brownish gray. Frons fuscous brown. Vertex yellow-brown. Collar and thorax gray. Abdomen above yellow-brown, underneath silvery white. Legs whitish streaked with brown, the fore tibiae and base of tarsi dark brown. Fore wings thinly scaled, the disc whitish opalescent; costal margin pale yellowish white, darker at base of costal edge; inner margin yellow-brown with a darker medial shade extending above vein 1 ; a fine dark postmedial line, almost obsolescent on costa, from vein 6 parallel with termen, below vein 3 slightly incurved and thicker; some yellow brown irrorations on termen; cilia silvery white. Hind wings semihyaline opal- escent white. Fore wings below opalescent white, the costal margin golden yellow brown; postmedial line only distinct on costal margin. Expanse, 32 mm. Habitat. — Castro, Parana. Type.— Cat. No. 23821, U. S. N. M. Nomophila clarissalis, new species. Male. — Palpi fuscous; a broad white band on second joint. Head and body above fuscous gray; patagia streaked with orange; lateral long orange hairs on abdomen. Body below and legs dark gray; tarsi whitish with fuscous rings. Fore wings bronze-brown tinged with purple; veins except subcostal and discocellular streaked with orange, not reaching termen; cilia silky gray-black. Hind wings orange; termen narrowly and cilia black. Fore wings below duller; inner margin with a white streak. Hind wings below as above; the costal margin narrowly black. Expanse, 24 mm. 218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Habitat. — Peru. Type.— Cat. No. 23822, U. S. N. M. Psara extremalis, new species. Female. — Palpi brown mottled with black, the base below grayish white. Frons brown with a pale line in front, vertex brownish gray. Collar gray mottled with brown. Thorax gray; patagia white with a few gray scales. Abdomen above white at base, yellowish medially, pale gray terminally with white segmental lines; some black scales on front of anal segment. Body below and legs white; fore tibiae spotted with black; tarsi with black spots. Fore wings ochreous white, the markings black; costa mostly black, also the base of cell; three subbasal inbent black spots from cell to inner margin; antemedial line interrupted by veins, outbent across cell, inbent below it; a medial annulus in cell and one below cell; a large quadrate spot on disco- cellular containing a small white spot; postmedial inbent from costa to vein 6, slightly outbent to vein 3, very faint and inbent to close above vein 2 and downbent to inner margin; a fuscous shade between veins 5 and 6 adjoining postmedial suffusing with a similar shade to apex; a terminal black line interrupted by veins; cilia white mottled with black. Hind wings white irrorated with pale yellow brown scales, a dark line on discocellular; post- medial inbent from costa to below vein 6, outbent and dentate to near ter- men; a medial wavy line from vein 5 to inner margin above anal angle; a ter- minal black line expanding at apex, its inner edge diffuse. Wings below white, the fore wings with the spots entirely black, the terminal space beyond postmedial suffused with gray. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Baracoa, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 23823, U. S. N. M. Psara guatalis, new species. Female. — Palpi fuscous brown above, white underneath. Head brown. Collar and thorax dark silky gray. Abdomen above brown shaded with dark gray. Body below and legs white; fore tibiae shaded with pale yellow-brown the basal joint of fore tarsi tinged with black. Fore wings silky brown faintly tinged with purple; an almost imperceptible dark postmedial line outcurved to vein 3, then incurved to inner margin. Hind wings more thinly scaled, silky brown. Wings below silky gray, the veins faintly streaked with purple. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Cayuga, Guatemala. Type.— Cat. No. 23824, U. S. N. M. Psara antillalis, new species. Female. — Palpi dark brown above, white below. Body above brownish PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., IQ2O 219 gray, the thorax glossy; body below and legs white; a brown streak on hind tibiae; a dark ring on first joint of fore tibiae. Wings gray-brown tinge with purple, the lines black; cilia dark gray tipped with white. Fore wings: antemedial line outbent to below vein 1 and then again outbent; a point in cell; a larger point on discocellular; postmedial line thick, faintly out- bent to vein 5, slightly outcurved, minutely lunular to below vein 3, shortly inbent above vein 2 to well below discocellular, and slightly inbent wavy to inner margin. Hind wings: a streak on discocellular; postmedial line thick, slightly outcurved from vein 5 to below vein 3, shortly upbent between veins 3 and 2, and downbent towards inner margin; a faint terminal line. Wings below whitish gray-brown, the postmedial line well marked; dark streaks on discocellular. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat. — Santo Domingo, West Indies. Type.— Cat. No. 23825, U. S. N. M. Collected by Mr. A. Busck. Near P. pachycera Hampson. Psara subnitens, new species. Male. — Palpi fuscous brown, underneath white, the third joint with long porrect hairs. Body above dark silky gray-brown; lateral white lines on frons; abdomen with a thick lateral tuft on next to last segment. Body below and legs white; fore tibiae streaked with dark brown. Wings dark silky gray-brown tinged with purple. Fore wings: some blue scaling on basal half especially at base, also postmedially on interspaces; cilia irides- cent black or brown tipped with opalescent white; a very faint postmedial darker line from costa to vein 3 almost vertical. Hind wings: a faint fuscous line on base of cilia, the tips opalescent white. Wings below silvery gray. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat. — Trinidad ; also from French Guiana. Type.— Cat. No. 2.3826, U. S, N. M. Phlyctaenodes ramsdenalis, new species. I'cmole. — Palpi yellow brown, the first joint white, the second joint partly fringed with white. Body above bone white, underneath silvery white. Legs white; fore and hind tibiae streaked with pale brown. Fore wings dull bone white, the markings brownish gray ; antemedial line obliquely outcurved to below vein 1, and outbent to near middle of inner margin; a point in cell adjoining subcostal; a streak on discocellular; postmedial line faint on costa, incurved to vein 7, slightly incurved to below vein •'>, dentate below 4 and 3, then forming a narrow deep incurve across vein 2 and a slight Incurve from fold to inner margin; a subterminal grayish macular shade. Hind wings semihyaline white; a fine brownish postmedial line from vein 6 to below vein 2; a terminal grayish brown shade; cilia silvery white on both wings. 220 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 Fore wings below whiter, postmedial line faint towards inner margin; sub- terminal shade more heavily marked, dark gray. Hind wings below with markings very faint. Expanse, 20 mm. Habitat. — Santiago, Cuba. Type.— Cat. No. 23S27, U. S. N. M. Near P. helvialis Walker. Phlyctaenodes jaralis, new species. Female. — Palpi yellow-brown, the first joint white. Head yellow brown, the frons with lateral white lines. Collar and thorax ochreous yellow. Ab-. domen above duller and paler. Abdomen below with alternate pale gray and ochreous yellow bands. Legs white; fore femora pale grayish; fore tibiae with an ochre yellow streak. Fore wings whitish yellow, the lines pale brown starting from subcostal ; antemedial outbent across cell, outcurved below cell, incurved below vein 1; a streak on discocellular; postmedial line incurved to vein 6, slightly outcurved to vein 3, inwardly downbent to vein 2, then wavy, vertical to inner margin; a subterminal, vertical, pale brownish yellow shade; cilia broadly tipped with white. Hind wings semihyaline yellowish white; a fine postmedial line straight from costa to vein 2; a sub- terminal dark line; the termen whitish yellow. Wings below white, the outer lines as above. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat. — Guadalajara, Mexico. Type.— Cat. No. 23828, U. S. N. M. Near P. autocratdralis Dyar. Liopasia meridionalis, new species. Male. — Palpi lilacine brown, underneath white on basal half. Head lilacine brown, darker on vertex; white lines above eyes. Thorax lilacine brown. Abdomen above dark brown, the two basal segments lilacine brown with paired white spots. Abdomen below pale brown. Thorax below and legs white, the mid and hind legs streaked with brown at base; some brown shading at base of tarsi. Fore wings lilacine brown, lines fine, fuscous; ante- medial line deeply outcurved below cell, incurved across vein 1 ; inner margin medially and at tornus shaded with fuscous brown; a medial round linear spot across cell; a similar spot around discocellular; postmedial outcurved, deeply lunular, inbent along vein 2, and inwardly downbent to inner margin, preceded by an oblique dark brown shade from vein 2 to inner margin, fol- lowed above and below vein 1 by orange spots; cilia dark brown with paler tips and white spots at tornus. Hind wings semihyaline white; termen gray-brown widest at apex, not reaching anal angle, preceded by a fine sub- terminal line punctiform on veins 6-3; the inner edge of terminal shade is dentate. Fore wings below duller and paler; costal margin white to beyond PROC. EXT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, \O. S, NOV., 1920 L'l' 1 midclk-: a dark spot in cell and on discocellular; faint postmedial points on interspaces. Hind wings below white; a faint line on discocellular; traces of postmedial line; ternien on apical half faintly tinged with brown; cilia white with black spots at vein--. Kxpanse, .'!S mm. Habitat. — Castro, Parana. Type.— Cat. No. 23829, U.S. X. M. Near L. dorsalis Hampson, but with white hind win- Liopasia puseyalis, new species. Female.- -Palpi dark brown, white below at base. Body above dark brown; patagia tinged with purple, a dorsal yellow -pot on second -i ..ineiit of abdomen. Abdomen below ochreons with broad gray bands. Thorax below and legs while; a black spot on basal joint of fore tai>i. Pore wings purple, the inner margin darker shaded; a subbas;d dark line; a black medial streak in cell containing a few yellow scales; an inset streak below cell fol- lowed by a short oblique yellow line, and then' a small yellow spot; terminal third of cell lilacine containing a yellow spot with black lines on either side; a black incurved lunule on discocellular followed by a black shade between veins '} and :js:in, U. S. N. M. Received from Mrs. M. J. Pusev. Liopasia surinamalis, new species. Male. — Palpi light rufous broun. shortly fringed below with whitish. Head and thorax light rufous brown; white lines laterally on frons. Abdomen above gray-brown. Body below and legs white; a brown spot on first joint of fore tarsi. Fore wings dull ochrcous yellow; basal third of costa purplish, medial third with purplish shading. Antrim dial line black, outbent across cell, outcurved below it, incurved below vein 1 ; some pale red irrorations on medial space, and subterminally ; discocellular spot defined by black seal ing on its inner side, and purplish shading outwardly: postmedial line tine. black and purple, uiitbcnt and straight from costa to vein ti, lunnlai to vein 222 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 2, slightly inbent, then upbent and interrupted, below discocellular thicker, down and inbent to inner margin, preceded from below vein 2 to inner mar- gin by a broad purple shade; this shade suffusing with the shade beyond discocellular; a marginal reddish line, interrupted towards apex, preceded between veins 3 and 5 by a reddish spot. Hind wings semihyaline white; a terminal fuscous shade, not reaching below vein 3. Fore wings below paler, duller, showing the markings of upper side; the marginal line and spot fuscous. Hind wings below as above. Expanse, 21 mm. Habitat. — Paramaribo, Surinam. Type.— Cat. No. 23831, U. S. N. M. (To be continued.) A NEW SCOLYTID BEETLE FROM TROPICAL FLORIDA. BY E. A. SCHWARZ, Bureau of Entomology. The rediscovery of the Scolytid genus Dendrosinns in our fauna is the more surprising to me in view of my published opin- ion (Proc. U. S. N. Museum, Vol. IS, p. 607, 1896) that such a remarkable genus would long ago have been found had it occurred here. But in view of the large number (more than 120 species) of tropical arborescent plants now known to be at home in southern Florida, it should now be expected that many tropical genera of Scolytids hitherto supposed not to occur within our limits, will be found. The true Dendrosinus globosus Eich. may yet be rediscovered in our fauna and its retention in our lists is recom- mended. In a recent clearing at Marathon, Vacas Key, Florida, a small tree was encountered March 7, 1919, by H. S. Barber and my- self, standing leafless in the burned area and harboring a -num- erous colony of these remarkable beetles, most of them just starting their galleries. Sections of the trunk and branches were shipped to Washington, and through the kindness of Prof. S. J. Record the wood has been identified as Bourreria havanensis Miers (described as B. ovata Miers in Small's Flora of the Florida Keys). The limited field examination possible in our short stop in that locality disclosed no immature stages except that twro eggs were found in sawdust -filled recesses along one of the deeper galleries occupied by a pair of the beetles. A few old healed- over galleries with entrance hole covered with from one to per- haps four years' growth of wood were found but from none of these had larval galleries been excavated. The fresh galleries were short and usually contained two adults, probably a pair, which when p'aced in an open vial would stridulate, producing a PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 FIG. 1— DENDROSINUS BOURRERIAE SCHWARZ. PARENT GALLERIES, EGG PITS, LARVAL MINES AND EXIT HOLES OF NEW BROOD. 224 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 shrill, rapidly repeated sound audible for several feet, by extend- ing and withdrawing the tip of the abdomen. Owing to the peculiar nature of the porous wood the normal moisture con- ditions were difficult to maintain in caged sections and the adults all died, but young larvae were observed boring in the wood about a month after collection, and after two months a very few nearly full-grown larvae were found in longitudinal tightly packed galleries. Some months later a few adults emerged. The adult gallery is usually a simple or branched hole bored at right angles to the grain of the wood and 21/2 to 3 mm. in diam- eter. The larval gallery follows the grain of the wood and is usually about three inches in length (Fig. 1 I. Eichhoff (1S6S Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. XII, p. 149) described Hyle sinus (?) globosus from "America bor." A few months later Chapuis (1869 Synop. Scolyt. p. 28. — Author's separates appar- ently published in advance of its republication in Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Lyon, p. 23(5, 18(59) redescribed it as Dendrosinus globosus Eich., also from North America, but including a form from Columbia as a variety. In 1S92 Eichhoff wrote to Riley (see Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus." XVIII, 489(5, p. 607) that he had received his two types from Dr. G. Kraatz labeled North America, one of which is now before me in the U. S. National Museum Collec- tion. Reitter (1894 Bestim.-Tab., p. 45) described D. bonnairei from a single immature and badly mutilated example (length 2 mm.) of unknown source, which he had received from Marseilles, France. Blandford (1907 Biol. Centr.-Amer. Coleop. IV, pt. 6, pp. 155-157) redescribed globosus from Venezuela (Moritz) from material in the Vienna Museum and mentions having seen the type in the Schaufuss collection (Dresden). He also describes three new species from Mexico, Brazil and Columbia, and indi- cates the Chapuis (1869) variety as probably mttijrons Blandford. As Blandford's redescription of globosus differs in some characters from those of Eichhoff (1868) and Chapuis (1869) as well as from the Eichhoff type now before me, I believe it best to desig- nate the latter as "holotype." It seems doubtful if Blandford's Venezuela specimens are really conspecific with globosus. The adults here described are remarkable in our fauna by their large size, black, opaque, subglobular form and are unique in the sculpture and vestiture of the front (Fig. 2, B) which is ornamented by two rows of stiff, appressed curls of black hair, arising laterally, meeting at the middle and exposing two sub- lateral round and two median triangular mirror spots. The description follows: PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 225 Dendrosinus bourreriae, n. sp. Oval, very convex, opaque, black. Head somewhat shining, finely punc- tate on vertex and front part of clypeus, the latter with fine, dense, whitish pubescence; front polished at middle, not carinate, on each side having an irregular row of small punctures from which arises a row of long, parallel, black, curving hairs, closely appressed to the surface and forming two in- wardly directed spirals touching at median line and almost surrounding two round, mirror-like areas; eyes four times longer than wide, widely separate above; antennal club (Fig. 2, D) slightly flattened, rather long, obtusely rounded at tip, apparently 4-jointed (the third suture represented by only a row of hairs), basal joint smooth, apical joint densely, finely, pubescent. FIG. 2— DENDROSINUS BOURRERIAE SCHWARZ— SIDE VIEW AND HEAI> X 10— ANTENNA AND FRONT LEG X 35. Prpnotum nearly as wide as long, sides slightly arcuate and strongly converg- ent anteriorly; disc strongly convex, rather coarsely, densely punctate and without trace of median carina; surface strongly depressed from before middle at sides to middle of base, the depressed hind angles covered by ex- aggerated forward production of the bases of the elytra which fit closely into depression ; surface of depression (posterior declivity) nearly smooth, shin- ing, finely transversely strigose, becoming coarsely punctate externally. Scutellum very small, rounded, clothed with very fine whitish pubescence and not depressed below the surface of the elytra. Elytra only slightly longer than the thorax at middle; base of each elytron strongly oblique from humerus to scutellum, overlapping the basal thoracic cavity and rather strongly crenulate, humeri rounded, sides very gently curved, apices sep- arately rounded, surface deeply, regularly striate, interstices Hat, rather densely granulate at base, becoming asparately punctate posteriorly, the 226 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 8, NOV., 1920 punctures bearing inconspicuous short, stiff, decumbent, black hairs. Under surface more shining than above, rather densely punctate ; vestiture conspicu- ous, grayish. Pygidium normally covered by elytra. Front tibiae (Fig. 2, C) moderately broad, widening apically, inner apical angle rather strongly produced, outer apical angle strongly deflexed, rounded and usually quad- ridentate. Length 3.8 to 4.8, width 2.4 to 3.0 mm. Described from about 70 specimens (type and paratypes, Cat. No. 22327, U. S. N. M.) found boring in Bourreria havanensis Miers at Marathon, Key Vacas, Florida, March 7, 1919. Differs from the five described species of this genus by the peculiar sculpture and vestiture of the front, by the inconspicu- ous vestiture of the elytra and by the absence of raised median thoracic and frontal lines. No secondary sexual differences can be indicated, although two males and two females have been dissected. Actual date of publication, December j/, 1920. VOL. 22 DECEMBER 1920 No. 9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS GAHAN, A. B. — ON THE IDENTITY OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF CHALCIDOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) 235 HEINRICH, CARL — SYNONYMICAL NOTE IN AECOPHORIDAE (LEP.) -•'!- ST. GEORGE, RAYMOND A. — NOTES ON THE PERIODICAL CICADA IN 1 '.»!'.>. . 227 WICKHAM, H. F. — NEW SPECIES OF PERTHALYCRA AND OSMODERMA (COL.) 232 PUBLISHED MONTHLY EXCEPT JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER BY THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON, D. C. Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under Act of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103. Act of October 3. 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON ORGANIZED MARCH 12, 1884. The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p.m. Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are entitled to the PROCEEDINGS and any manuscript submitted by them is given precedence over that submitted by non-members. OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1920. Honorary President E. A. SCHWARZ President W. R. WALTON First Vice-President, A. B. GAHAN Second Vice- President A. G. BOVING Recording Secretary R. A. CUSHMAN Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer S. A. ROHWER U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Editor A. C. BAKER East Falls Church, Va. Executive Committee: THE OFFICERS and A. N. CAUDELL, A. L. QUAIN- TANCE and E. R. SASSCER. Representing the Society as a V ice-President of the Washington Academy of Sciences. . . .S. A. ROHWER PROCEEDINGS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at Easton, Pa., and Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Do- mestic, $4.00 per annum; foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made payable to the Entomological Society of Washington. Authors of leading articles in the PROCEEDINGS will be given 10 copies of the number in which their article appears. Reprints without covers will be furnished at the following rates, provided a statement of the number de- sired accompanies the manuscript: 4 pp. 8 pp. 12 pp. 16 pp. 50 copies 1.40 2.80 4.20 5.60 100 copies 1.60 3.20 4.80 6.40 Certain charges are made on illustrations and there are rules and sugges- tions governing the make-up of articles published. Contributors may secure information on these points by application to the Editor or Corresponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON VOL. 22 DECEMBER 1920 No. 9 NOTES ON THE PERIODICAL CICADA IN 1919. BY RAYMOND A. ST. GEORGE, Bureau of Entomology. Introduction. The following events on the 1919 emergence of Brood X, of the Periodical cicada (Tibiccn scptendecim Linn.) were taken about Falls Church, Va., and vicinity. Calendar of Events. DATE. CICADA EVENT. April 24 Exit holes numerous in certain areas: nymphs in them six to eight inches from the surface; a few chimneys under logs. May 14 First cast skin of season reported from Black Pond, Fairfax Co., Va., by Dr. A. C. Baker. May 18 First adult at Falls Church, Va. May 21 Approximately forty adults and skins on a dogwood tree. May 22 First appearance of adults in numbers. First note of the cicada song heard on Minor's Hill. May 23 Notes and song of adult more distinct. May 24 Beginning of maximum emergence of nymphs at dusk. May 25 Maximum volume of song. Continuous for first time all day. Nymphs emerged regularly at dusk by hundreds. May 26-29 Nymphs emerged regularly at dusk by hundreds. May 30 End of maximum emergence of nymphs; emerged about the same time at dusk from May 24-30th, incl. May 31 Adults copulating and ovipositing.- June 1 Many adults dying from well known fungus diseasi-. June 4 Large species (T. sept.) and small variety (T. sept. var. nisxinii Fisher) both singing. June ") Copulation period nearly over. Last day of maximum volume of song. First signs of cicada injury; leaves turning brown, twigs broken. June 12 End of oviposition period. (Note by Dr. T. E- Snyder.) Adults beginning to disappear. June 1 .") Concert only during hottest part of day. June 17 Results of cicada injury very noticeable. June 20 Adults nearly all gone. Dr. T. E. Snyder.) 227 228 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 July 1 First day song not heard at all at Falls Church, Va. July 1 Last cicada heard, note feeble. (Dr. T. E. Snyder.) Note from Washington, D. C. July 16-20 First hatching of eggs from caged twigs.* July 21-31 Nymphs emerged daily by hundreds. Aug. 1 Nymphs decreasing in numbers. Aug. 12 Last nymphs emerged from cages. From the foregoing calendar of events the following periods, covering various phases of cicada activity, were determined. LENGTH OF PERIODS. EVENT DATE TO DATE TOTAL DAYS Maximum nymph* May 24 May 30 7 Maximum adult May 22 June 20 30 Maximum volume of song, May 25 June 5 12 continuous concerts. Copulation May 31 June 7-9 8-10 Oviposition May 31 June 12 13 Egg May 31 July 16-20 47-51 Maximum emergence of nymphs from eggs. July 21 Aug. 1 12 First to last adult May 14 July 1 49 First to last song May 22 July 1 42 First to last nymph May 13 May 30 19 First to last nymph from eggs July 16-20 Aug. 12 24-28 Relation of Temperature to Their Song. To determine the relation between temperature and their song, records were taken from a hydrothermograph at the station for '" The following insects were taken from cages containing twigs with cicada eggs in them. Although the exact relation they bear to the eggs was not fully determined, the occurrence seems worthy of note. Pinkish thrips. Dipterous larvae and adults, belonging to family Cecidomyidae. (Det. by Dr. J. M. Aldrich.) Coleopterous adults, Orthopems glaber Lee., a Corylophid. (Det. by E. A. Schwarz.) Corrodentia, — one adult and three nymphs of a psocid. Det. by A. N. Caudell as Peripsocus californicus Banks. The pinkish thrips are known to be predacious on the cicada eggs. Mr. Schwarz says that the coleopterous adults were probably feeding on a mold formed about the twigs where they had been injured through oviposition. "Maximum" = period of greatest abundance. PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 229 a period of ten days. During this time adults were most nu- merous and the notes most shrill. The results of these records show that the adults began to sing when the temperature ranged from (>() (if)0 F. At no time did they sing when the temperature was below (50° F. During two successive nights when the temperature ranged from (52-74° F., it is believed that the concerts were continuous both nights. The writer was awake many times those nights and concerts of considerable volume could be heard, resembling those in the middle of the day. Both Dr. F. C. Craighead and Mr. S. A. Rohwer had similar experiences those nights, therefore, it seems probable that the song was continuous both nights. On the night of June third an attempt was made to start a concert by false alarm. About two o'clock a male was caught. It imme- diately began to sing. Upon being released it crawled away continuing to sing. The note aroused others about, and one by one it was taken up until the whole neighborhood seemed to be one continuous concert. This lasted about five minutes. Grad- ually the song subsided and all was quiet once again. The tem- perature at the time of the concert was (>5° F. Relation of Phenological Events in Plants and Cicada. The relation of phenological events in plants and cicada may serve as an index as to when the various stages of cicada activity should appear. The following plant records were selected from those taken about Falls Church, Va., and vicinity by Mr. S. A. Rohwer and the writer. Trees representing the range for the species were selected when possible as well as those which were more common and widely distributed. Phenological Table. a — normal g — buds swelling Buds h — swelling h — opening c — opening i — first out Flowers / — half out d — unfolding k — full Leaves e — first full grown / — fading / — falling m — falling n — out Catkins o — flowers opening p— pollen falling 230 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 cd u o ?5 in C 3 d in IH z tt W 5 OJ 13 I bo a ^s o bo C U3 a; I T CO OH NAME. Z w W > M I-. CJ o5 ^ ° ~ •« -a ^ ^S vb .s a •?* Q i 4 s •J s ? N — ** -*- brt Cfl ^ _c 1 2 Viburnum dentat burnum) Chionanthus vir. Juglans nigra Liriodendron tuli +j tT rt "S 0 ft _o "o3 ^ Prunus serotina Robinia pseuda. f Castanea pumila quapin) Cephalanthus oc XI § •+-» — ^ b} ^^. a Juglans nigra Robinia pseuda. ± s ± £ x _j2 "^ OJ v> ^ — — ^ in O oo W to -d § -M ^2 o emu to !-, O o; h rt *j rt 3> "H -c 03 o *" 1 ±3 to numbe dults notes PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 231 M 1 bt J5 IT. O en i-, o 4-1 tn 3 IH M C i i a * a O 0 P4 ^- s =• g* ^ s •»•*, C 1 sey tea) Chionanthus vir. Juglans nigra Liriodendron tulip. Prunus serotina Sambucus racenit (elder) Viburnum dentata \ Castanea denlata | Chionanthus vir. Cornus florida Liriodendron tulip. Viburnum dentata f Castanea pumila \ Ligustrum vulgc (privet) 1 Sambucus racemosa f Ceanothus american Diospyros virgina (persimmon) Ligustrum vulgare [ Sambucus racemosa ( Ceanothus am. [ Cephalanthus occide Spiraea sp. ( Spiraea sp. Cephalanthus occide Hydrangea sp. Hibiscus sp. E ^ P a i « s g J3 rt •c .0 — v f, |H 1 2 CJ O. M • , 11 ba r; "c c "3 c. •o £, 1X7!) by E- A. Schwarz. These show some variation in color, as expressed by the description. The pubescence is easily abraded, some indi- viduals being nearly naked above. The species has been dis- tributed as Perihalycra murrayi Horn, which differs in being more coarsely punctured, especially on the pronotum, in the stronger fimbriation of the margin, and especially by the tooth- ing of the front tibiae. In P. murrayi the external prolongation of the tibia forms a bidentate process, while in Carolina it is produced into a single long tooth. The crenulation of the outer margin of the fore tibia is more pronounced in murrayi and the spines near the middle are differently spaced. It would be in- teresting to know if the LeConte specimen from Georgia, men- tioned by Dr. Horn in connection with the original description of P. murrayi, may possibly be P. Carolina, since the two species have a strikingly similar superficial resemblance and seem to be absolutely congeneric in prosternal, antennal and other structural characters. The insect described by Blatchley as Quadifrons castaneus, from Florida, is very different in the structure of the front tibiae which, from description, would seem more like those of Thalycra. In Quadrifrons the labrum is said to be rounded and not emarginate, while in both species of Perihalycra it is bi- lobed. I am indebted to Mr. E. A. Schwarz for assistance in the way of suggestions and in giving me access to the specimens of Per- ihalycra and allied genera in the National Collection. Osmoderma montana, new species General form and luster similar to that of the same sex (female i of (>. ercmicola, but smaller, relatively more slender and with a more aeneous tinge. In comparison with a female O. errmii nln from Lone Rock, \Vis., which was selected as representing a markedly northwestern locality, it is seen that montana has a shorter clypeo-frpntal plate, the rugae of the central part of which are transverse instead of concentric; the pronotum is slightly more 234 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 narrowed behind, the median depression almost abruptly terminated at about the middle instead of being continued backwards as in O. eremicola; the surface of the pronotum has deep, rather variolose punctuation extend- ing entirely across the disk behind the depression in place of the minute points seen in O. eremicola; and the scutellum, while of similar form, is more coarsely punctate, lacking the smooth median area. In 0. montana, the elytra are rougher, the punctuation coarser, less regularly arranged in stria near the suture; the pygidium is more elongate-triangular and less densely hairy. Body beneath, similar in the two species. Total length, 21.75 mm; elytron, along line of greatest length, 13.25 mm.: humeral width, across elytra, 9.25 mm. ; greatest width, 10 mm. The corresponding measurements on the specimen of O. eremicola are 29.30, 17.20, 12.90 and 14 mm. Type.— No. 23728, U. S. National Museum. The holotype is a female collected by M. A. Hanna of the U. S. Biological Survey at a point 18 miles south of Dry Creek, Montana, southwest of Lismas in Valley County. It is now in the collection of the United States National Museum. If the superficial characters set forth above were the only basis of separation, I should hardly care to give the Montana spec- imen a name, but dissection of the genitalia shows that they are different from those of the Wisconsin example of 0. eremicola. The chitinized portions, in the female Osmoderma, are composed of a pair of broad, irregularly oval pieces, nearly flat-bottomed with reflexed margins, which may correspond -to the "inferior plates" described and figured by Smith in his work on the genitafia of Lachnosterna (Proc. U. S" N. M., XI, 1888, p. 4So,~et seq.). These are similar in 0. eremicola 'and 0. montana, though not identical. Opposed to these plates are four other chitinous structures, the outer pair of which are probably the equivalent of Smith's "su- perior plates," while the inner are likely the representatives of what he calls the "pubic process." Comparison of these four pieces in the two species of Osmoderma under discussion shows that they are decidedly rougher and more deeply grooved in O. montana. Incidentally, dissections were made of the male genitalia of the American 0. eremicola and scabra, and of the European 0. eremita. These are fully as characteristic in each instance as those of our species of Lachnosterna and would indicate the pro- priety of investigating these parts in describing new Scarabaeidae. Acknowledgments are due to Messrs. Schwarz and Barber of the National Museum and McAtee of the Biological Survey, for fa- cilitating the preceding studies. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 235 ON THE IDENTITY OF SEVERAL SPECIES OF CHALCIDOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA). BY A. B. GAHAX, U. S. Bureau of Entomology. The following notes are presented for publication at this time in order to clear up the identity of the species in question before the references in literature become more complicated. The necessity for some of these changes is to be regretted as they involve the sinking of some rather well known names in synonymy, transferring of others, and the resurrection from synonymy of still others. FAMILY CALLIMOMIDAE. Eridontomerus isosomatis Riley. Stictonotus isosomatis Riley, Rept. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1881-2, p. 186. Stictonotus isosomatis Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull, 5, (old series) 1885, p. 45. Merisus isosomatis Cresson, Syn. Hym. Amer. North of Mexico, 1887, p. 242. Semiotellus isosomatis Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., vol. 5, 1898, p. 211. Eridontomerus~primus Crawford, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 15, 1907, p. 179. Merisus isosomatis Viereck's Hym. Conn., Bull. 22, Conn. Sta. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 3, 1916, p. 478 (description). While attempting to determine some parasitic material recently the writer found it necessary to consult the original description of Stictonotus isosomatis Riley. Upon reading the description he was at once impressed with its failure to coincide with the con- ception of that species current in literature. The description is of an insect with metallic front femora, black median and hind femora, black hind tibiae, and a metallic colored abdomen where- as the species going by that name in the literature has a bright yellow abdomen and yellow legs. An attempt to verify the de- scription by means of the type developed further complications. A single specimen bearing the name and recorded in the type catalog as type of the species was located in the collection of the United States National Museum. The data on the pin and in the type catalog showed this specimen to have been reared by F. M. Webster from Isosoma, Februaiy •">, lss.~>. Since Stictonotus isosomatis Riley was described in 1SN2 from specimens said to have been reared from material received from J. K. P. Wallace of Tennessee, it was at once apparent that the specimen in question could not be Riley's type. Furthermore, this specimen did not correspond to Riley's description nor was it the Stictonotus isosomatis of authors, it being instead a female of Merisus de- structor Say. Search for the true type was finally rewarded by the finding of two pins, one bearing a female mounted on a card point, the other bearing two males similarly mounted. Both pins bore 23G PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 the old style Division of Entomology breeding number 2246° and in addition a name label in L. O. Howard's handwriting. Upon consulting the records under the number 2246° in the Bureau of Entomology, it was positively determined that the three specimens in question were reared in May 1881 from material received from Mr. J. K. P. Wallace of Andersonville, Tennessee. This data checks exactly with that given by Riley for his types and since the specimens agree in every way with the original de- scription there can be no doubt that they are actually the speci- mens from which the description was drawn.1 As represented by these types, Stictonotus isosomatis Riley is identical with the Callimomid, Eridontomerus primus Crawford. Riley's description antedates that by Crawford and the species will, therefore, have to be known in the future as Eridontomerus isosomatis Riley. How the identity of this species became so confused it is im- possible to say. The fact remains that the insect which has been repeatedly referred to under the name of isosomatis by Webster, Kelly, and others, and which has been placed at different times in the genera, Stictonotus, Merisus, and Semiotellus is an entirely different species from that to which Riley gave the name. (See Merisus febriculosus, p. 238 seq.). Eridontomerus isosomatis is, so far as present records show, exclusively parasitic in the species of (Isosoma) Harmolita, or joint worm flies, and probably occurs from coast to coast of the United States. The record in Viereck's Hymenoptera of Connecticut cited above consists of a quotation of Riley's original description coupled with records of occurrence of the species in Connecticut. It is more than likely that the Connecticut breeding records there set forth really refer to Merisus febriculosus Girault. Ditropinotus aureoviridis Crawford. Ditropinotus flavicoxus Gahan, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14, 1912, p. 5. The females of this species are evidently quite variable in color. Types of aureoviridis, of which there are eight female specimens in the series, have the entire thorax as well as the middle and hind coxae except apically metallic green, and the abdomen dorsally brown. There is some variation in the extent of the metallic coloration of the coxae, some specimens having them metallic only basally. The type series of flavicoxus, on the other hand, which includes eight females, shows the underside of almost the whole thorax from the tegulae downward, all coxae, and in some 1 Dr. L. O. Howard informs me that he drafted the original description of Stictonotus isosomatis for Professor Riley, and he confirms my identifica- tion of the type specimens. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., IQ2O specimens the whole propodeum honey-yellow while the abdomen above and below is similarly colored. The mesosternum is more or less metallic. These colorational differences were so striking that the writer had little hesitancy in describing flaricoxus as a new species especially since they appeared to be confirmed by two or three very slight sculptural differences. Acquisition of addi- tional material, largely reared has, however, demonstrated that there is almost a perfect gradation in color from the one form to the other. I am now convinced that both forms represent the same species, the two type series probably representing the ex- tremes of variation. Websterellus harrisi Fitch. Torymus (sp.) Harris, Rept. on Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1852, p. 442-3 (2nd ed.). Torymus harrisii Fitch, 7th Rept. Ins. N. Y., 1862, p. 152-3. Torymus (sp.) Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1863, p. 556 (Flint ed.). Websterellus tritici Ashmead, Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., 1, 1893, p. 164; PI. II, figs. 1 and 2; PI. Ill, figs. 3-4. Cryptopristus americanus Girault, Descriptiones Stellarum Novarum, I'M 7, p. 8. Fitch's types of this species are apparently lost. At least the writer has failed to locate them in the Fitch collection, or else- where in the National Museum. The description by Fitch, supplemented by that of Harris, agrees in every way with Websterellus tritici Ashmead except that the abdomen of tritici, when viewed through a binocular micro- scope, is seen to be rather distinctly reticulately sculptured in- stead of smooth and polished as stated by Harris. Viewed through a hand lens, however, this sculpture is practically in- visible and the whole abdomen has a distinctly shining appear- ance. Since the description by Harris was undoubtedly drawn with the aid of a hand lens the apparent discrepancy between the description and the type of tritici is thus explained. No other parasite upon joint-worms at present known in America, could by any possibility be Fitch's species, and in view of the very satis- factory agreement the writer has no hesitation in declaring tritici Ashmead a synonym of harrisi Fitch. The species is type of the genus Websterellus. Cryptopristus americanus Girault was described from one female specimen reared from (Isosoma) Harmolita at Wellington, Kansas, by E. G. Kelly. The type has been compared with the types of tritici and agrees in every essential detail. Harris' and Fitch's specimens were from Virginia; the types of tritici from Wooster, Ohio; the type of americana from Kansas. This comprises the distribution of the species as known at the present time. 238 PROC. ENT. soc. WASH., VOL. 22, xo. 9, DEC., 1920 FAMILY ENCYRTIDAE. Eupelmus allynii French. Pteromalus (sp.) Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg., 1863, p. 556 (Flint edition). The description by Harris cited above fits exactly the male of allynii and agrees with no other known parasite of the joint worm flies (Harmolita). Since Harris did not name the species, the validity of French's name is not affected and the reference is chiefly interesting as constituting a much earlier record of the species in literature. FAMILY PTEROMALIDAE. Merisus febriculosus Girault. ( = Stictonotus isosomatis A utlwrs not Riley) Merisus isosomatis Webster, Ins. Life, vol. 5, 1893, p. 90. Stictonotus isosomatis Webster, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bull. 42 (new ser.) 1903, p. 22. Merisus isosomatis Webster, 1. c., p. 33. Stictonotus isosomatis Webster, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, 1905, p. 115. Stictonotus isosomatis Webster, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ. 66, 1908, p. 4. Semiotellus isosomatis Webster and Reeves, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Circ., 106, 1909, pp. 8, 9, fig. 11. Stictonotus isosomatis Kelly, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 3, 1910, p. 202. Merisus isosomatis Crawford, in Smith's Ins. of New Jersey, 1910, p. 642. Merisus isosomatis Viereck, Hym. Conn., Bull. 22, Conn. Sta. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv., vol. 3, 1917, p. 478 (rearing record). Merisus febriculosus Girault, Descriptiones Stellarum Novarum, 1917, p. 17. As pointed out in the discussion of Eridontomerus isosomatis (ante p. 235) the Merisus isosomatis of authors is not Stictonotus isosomatis Riley. Luckily it is not necessary to propose a new name for isosomatis Riley however, as one is already available in Merisus febriculosus Girault. The type material of febriculosus consists of a single female from Wooster, Ohio. This specimen was without much doubt collected by Webster although not so labelled. It is identical with numerous other specimens in the collection reared by Webster from joint worm material in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, and which form the bases for the several notes published by him. Whether or not Girault was aware of the fact that Merisus febriculosus was identical with the isosomatis of authors (not Riley) does not appear. He makes no statement to that effect either with the original description or elsewhere. This species is a common parasite of various species of Har- molita as shown by the published records cited above as well as numerous unpublished records in the files of the Bureau of Entomology. It also occurs as a parasite of the Hessian fly. PROC. ENT. SCC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 Mayetiola destructor, according to a number of trustworthy rear- ing records of the Bureau as yet unpublished. In distribution it ranges at least from Maryland to Kansas, as shown by speci- mens at hand, and it will probably eventually be found to occur over the whole of the United States and Canada where wheat is subject to the attacks of the joint wrorms and Hessian fly. Aplastomorpha vandinei Tucker. Meraporus vandinei Tucker, Can. Ent., vol. 42, 1910, p. 343. Aplastomorpha pra'tti Crawford, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1913, p. 252. Neocatolaccus australiensis Girault, Mem. Queensl. Mus., vol. 2, 1913, p. 306. A plastomorphaatistraliensis Girault, ~M.em. Queensl. Mus., vol. 3, 1915, p. 313. Girault has already stated the above synonymy (Ins. Ins. Mens., 5, 1917, p. 1")2) but without indicating definitely to what genus the species should be referred. The writer has compared types of vandinei and pratti. The synonymy of australiensis is accepted on authority of Girault. The genera Aplastomorpha Crawford, Neocatolaccus Ashmead, and Zatropis Crawford are much alike and may eventually have to be synonymized. Aplastomorpha may be separated from both the others, however, by the almost total absence of appressed hairs on the thorax and by the fact that the antennae are inserted lower down being distinctly below the middle of face. Lariophagus distinguendus Foerster. Pteromalus distinguendus Foerster, Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 17, No. 84. Meraporus calandrae Howard, Kept. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., 1880-1881, p. 27::. Meraporus utibilis Tucker, Can. Ent., vol. 42, 1910, p. 341. Lariophagus distinguendus Kurdjurnov, Rev. Russ. Ent., 13, 1913, p. 15. Lariophagus distinguendus Hase, Sitz. d. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin. 1919, p. 402. The above cited publication by Hase gives a very exhaustive account of this cosmopolitan parasite of Calandra oryzae and other stored grain pests. Meraporus utibilis Tucker is listed as a, synonym by Hase. Previous to receipt of Hase's paper the writer had compared the types of utibilis and calandrae and had arrived at the conclusion that they were the same species. The type of -utihilis is a rather small and poorly developed specimen. The national collection contains a series of specimens taken at quarantine, Washington, D. C., in a shipment of grain from Italy and determined by j. C. Crawford as distinguendus Foerster. Comparison of tlu-sr specimens with Hase's description leaves no doubt as to the correctness of the determination. They also agree in every way with the Howard and Tucker types. 240 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 Eupteromalus sarcophagae Gahan. In the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society vol. 12, 1917, p. US, Mr. A. A. Girault asserts that this species differs "not at all" from Meraporus dubius Ashmead. Types of both species are in the U. S. National Museum and have been compared with the following results : The postocellar line practically equal to the ocellocular line; malar groove absent; face below the antennae when viewed in profile convexly rounded, distinctly receding, vertex broad, not sharply sloping behind the ocelli; viewed from in front the vertex is very slightly arched above the eyes, the irons deeply, closely sculptured especially in the frontal depression and thare are no transverse aciculations on the face. below the antennae; the scutellum is convex, or at least not conspicuously flattened, and its apical margin is more weakly sculptured than the remainder sarcophagae Gahan Postocellar line distinctly though not a great deal longer than the ocellocular line; malar groove present; face below antennae not so convexly rounded and less receding, vertex not so broad and more sharply sloping behind ocelli; viewed from in front the vertex is more strongly arched above the eyes, the frons is very slightly less deeply punctate and immediately below the base of the antennae are two or three short, very fine, weak, transverse, wrinkles or rugae; the scutellum is distinctly flattened with a narrow transverse apical margin very distinctly more coarsely punctate than the rest of the scutellum dubius Ashmead The two species are undoubtedly congeneric and closely related, but are sufficiently distinct to be recognized as different species, at least until additional material and rearing data establish their identity. Eupteromalus viridescens Walsh. Glyphe viridascens Walsh, Trans. 111. Agr. Soc., 1861, pp. 264 and 370. Glyphe viridescens Packard, 6th Ann. Rept. Me. Bd. Agr., 1861, p. 6. Glyphe viridescens Walsh, Trans. 111. Agr. Soc., 1865, pp. 11 and 483. Glyphe viridascens Riley, 2nd Ann. Rept. Ins. Missouri, 1870, p. 53, fig. 24. Glyphe viridascens Riley, 8th Ann. Rept. Ins. Missouri, 1876, p. 53. Glyphe viridascens Packard, 9th Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1877, p. 706. Glyphe viridascens Riley, Trans. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, 4, 1881, p. 302 (in part). Glyphe viridascens Riley, 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1883, p. 127 (in part). Glyphe viridascens Riley, Ins. Life, 5, 1892, p. 138. Glyphe viridascens Lintner, 12th Rept. Ins. New York, 1897, p. 210. Gastrancistrus viridescens Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym., 5, 1898, p. 205. Hypopteromalus viridescens Girault, Bull. Wise. Nat. Hist. Soc., 10, 1912, pp 24-46 (in part) . PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 22, NO. 9, DEC., 1920 241 This species and (Pteromalus} Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch were declared to be the same species by Riley (1881, 1883) and later by Girault (1912). Unfortunately the types of Walsh's species are lost. The national collection contains specimens, however, reared from the army-worm in August, 1X7.1, apparently by Riley, and labelled in Riley's hand "Glyphe viridascens Walsh." These specimens are erroneously labelled types. They cannot be the actual Walsh types since the rearing date is some thirteen yeais subsequent to publication of the description. They do fit Walsh's description perfectly however, and are undoubtedly representatives of the species to which he gave the name Glyphe viridescens. Types of Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch are in the national collection in a fair state of preservation. They disagree in several important particulars with Walsh's description of viridescens. According to Walsh viridescens is 0.07 of an inch in length, dark green, verging on black in color, the abdomen black. Fitch's tabacum, on the other hand, as shown by the types, averages 2..". mm. in length, is bright blue-green in color with little or no suggestion of blackish on head and thorax, the abdomen more or less blackish in some lights but for the most part highly polished blue-green. There are other slight points of disagreement, but those pointed out are sufficient to demonstrate that what Walsh was describing was not the tabacum of Fitch. If the foregoing conclusion regarding the identity of viridescens is correct then it and tabacum are not congeneric. The former species has the head, viewed from in front distinctly broader than long, the occiput distinctly margined, the scutellum broad and flattened dorsally, and the abdomen sessile as that term is used in the Pteromalidae. It belongs in the genus Eupteromalns Kurdjumov. The species tabacum which is type of the genus Hypoptenualns has the head viewed from in front nearly circular the vertex strongly arched above the eyes, the occiput entirely immargined, the scutellum convexly rounded above and the abdomen distinctly petiolate. Until the Pteromalidae undergo a thorough revision the genus Hypopteromalus should be retained. Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch. Pteromalus tabacum Fitch, Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc., 23, 1863, p. 792. Pteromalus tabacum Fitch, 6th-9th Rept. Ins. New York, 1865, p. 22.Y Glyphe viridascens Riley, Trans. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, 1881, p. 302 (in part). Glyphe viridascens Riley, 3rd Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1883, p. 127 (in part Aetroxys tabacum Carman, 3rd Rept. Ky. Exp. Sta., 1890, pp. 35 and :'> 5-jointed and club 2-jointed; first funicle joint only slightly longer than broad and much shorter than the second which is fully twice as long as thick; following joints of funicle decreasing slightly in length toward the apex; club shorter than the two preceding funicle joints combined, its first joint much longer than the second, all funicle joints with a basal whorl of long hairs. Actual Date of Publication, Feb. 10, 1921. INDEX TO VOLUME XXII Acmiaeodera, Biological notes on, 76. Aleyrodes azaliae, n. sp., 81. Aleyrodidae, A new species found on Azalia, 81. Anacrabro robertsoni, n. sp., 58. Anchonoma xeraula, 239. Anisolabis annulipes, 97. Anoplocurius, nov. gen., 153; canotiae, n. sp., 154. Aplastomorpha vandinei Tucker, synonymy of, 239. Apechoneura, Generic characters of, 78; tri- color, n. sp., 78. Asilidae of District of Columbia, 13, 21. Asilinae, Key to District of Columbia genera, 25. Asilus, Key to D. C. species, 28; virginicus, n. sp., 31. Ataxia arizonica, n. sp., 158. Aulonium tuberculatum, Larva and pupa of, 3. BAKER, A. C., and M. L. MOLES: A new species of Aleyrodidae found on Azalea, 91. BANKS, NATHAN, with W. L. McATEE: Dis- trict of Columbia Diptera: Asilidae, 13, 21. BARBER, H. S. : A new tropical weevil from Florida and Cuba, 150. Biology of some Coleoptera of the families Colydiidae and Bothrideridae, 1 . Bocchoris cubanalis, n. sp., 200; incoalis, n. sp., 201. Bothrideres cactophagi, 9; geminatus, 8. Bothrideridae, Biology of some, 6; Taxonomic position of, 7. Bremus, Species of the District of Columbia and vicinity, 162. Buprestidae, Collecting some little known, 72. Buprestis, Biological note on, 74; confluenta, 75; viridisuturalis, 75. Bumblebees of District of Columbia and vicinity, 162. BURKE, H. E.: Collecting some little known Buprestidae, 72; Some notes on the genus Trachykele, with a description of a new species, 168. BUSCK, AUGUST, Obituary of Lord Walsing- ham, 41 . Callidium juniperi, n. sp., 157; pseudotsugae, n. sp., 155; sequoiarum, n. sp., 156. CAUDELL, A. N.: Zoraptera not an apterous Order, 84. Cephalonomia Kiefferi, n. sp., 71. Cerambycidae, A new genus and several new species, 153. Ceratoneura, notes on, 242; petiolata Ash- mead, 243; pretiosa Gahan, 242. CHAPIN, EDWARD A.: New American Cleridae, with notes on the synonymy of Micropterus Chevr., 50. Chrysophana placida, Biological note on. 75. Cleridae, New American, 50. Clinoodes paranalis, n. sp., 217. CocKERELL, T. D. A.: A new Tri^onalid from India, 191. Coleophora, Notes with descriptions of two new species, 159; acamptopappi, 159; astericola, n. sp., 159; atlantica, n. sp., 161; atromarginata, 161; occidentalis, 159; tiliafoliella, 160; veroniaella, 160. Colydiidae, Biology of some, 1 ; Taxonomic position of, 2. Corinthiscus sinaloae, n. sp. , 53; spinolae, n. sp., 54. . CRAIGHEAD, F. C.: Biology of some Coleop- tera of the families Colydiidae and Both- rideridae, 1 ; Direct Sunlight as a factor in Forest insect control, 106. CRAMPTON, G. C.: Some anatomical details of the remarkable winged Zorotypus hub- bardi, with notes on its relationships, 98. CUSHMAN, R. A.: Viereck's family Labenidae, with the description of a new species of Apechoneura, 76. Cyllene antennatus, 107; pictus, 107. Dasyllis, Key to District of Columbia species, 24. Dasypogoninae, Key to genera from D. C., 18. Dendrosinus bourreriae, n. sp., 225; globosus, 224. Deretaphrus oregonensis, Description of larva and pupa, 7. Desmia angustalis, n. sp., 181; anitalis, n. sp. 182; benealis, n. sp., 180; girtealis, n. sp., 183; ilsalis, n. sp., 182; jonesalis, n. sp. 181; julialis, n. sp., 179; minnalis, n. sp., 180; natalialis, n. sp., 180; vepandalis, n. sp., 183. Dichocrocis clystalis, n. sp., 208; gyacalis n. sp., 207; tlapalis, n. sp., 208. 244 INDEX 245 Diptera of the District of Columbia: Asilidae, 13, 25. Ditoma crenata, Description of larva and pupa, 4. Ditropinotus aureoviridis Crawford, notes on, 236. ]{lis floridanus, n. sp., 54; propodealis, n. sp., 56. Erax, Key to District of Columbia species, 26. Eridontomerus isosomatis Riley, synonymy of, 235. Eupelmus allynii French, notes on, 238. Eupteromalus sarcophagae Gahan, 240; viridescens, synonyrrfy of, 240. Eurrhyparodes voralis, n. sp., J79. FISHER, W. S.: A new genus and several new species of Cerambycidae, 153. Forest insects, Direct sunlight as a factor of control, 106. Formica exsectoides, Inquilines in nests of, 59. FouTS, R. M.: Some new parasites with re- marks on the genus Platygaster, 61. Gimnomera, Key to species, 37; atrifrons, n. sp., 37; fasciventris, n. sp., 38; incisurata, n. sp., 37. GAHAN, A. B.: On the identity of several species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera), 235. Hadronotus packeri, n. sp., 64. HEINRICH, Carl: A new genus and species of Oecophorid moths from Japan, 43; Coleophora Notes with descriptions of two new species, 159; Synomical note in Aeco- phoridae, 239. HERBERT, FRANK B.: Observations upon the instars of Phryganidia caterpillars, 193. Homophysa pomonalis, n. sp., 174. Hymenopterous parasites, Some new, 61. Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch, synonym> of, 241. Isolemidia, Key to species, 52; substriata, n. sp., 51. JACKSON, L. O.: Bumblebees of District of Columbia and vicinity, 162. JONES, THOS. H.: A peculiarly marked adiill of Nezara viridula, L., 171. Kalotermes banksi, n. sp., hubbardi, 38. Labenidae, Notes on Viereck's family, 76. Lamprosema baracoalis, n. sp., 186; brunealis, n. sp., 186; cayugalis, n. sp., 184; diaphan- alis, n. sp., 209; malticalis, n. sp., 185; moccalis, n. sp.. 185; noctalis, n. sp., 183; santailis, n. sp., 184. Laphria, Key to D. C. species, 23. Laphriinae, Key to D. C. genera, 21. Lariophagus distinguendus Foerster, syn- onymy of, 238. Leptogaster, Key to D. C. species, 15. Lindenius robertsoni, n. sp., 57. Liopasia meridionalis, n. sp., 220; puseyalis n. sp., 221; surinamalis, n. sp., 221. Lipocosma alegralis, n. sp., 175; chiralis, n. sp., 175; savoralis, n. sp., 176. Lithophanes succineus, Probable larva of, 8. Lygropia domingalis, n. sp., 212; fuscivcnalis, n. sp., 213; maritzalis, n. sp., 211; naran- jalis, n. sp., 213; venedialis, n. sp., 212. MALLOCH. J. R.: Description of new genera and species of Scatophagidae, 34. MANN, \\'M. M : A Proctotrypid inquiline with Formica exsectoides, 59. Margaronia aroalis, n. sp., 215; brevilinealis, n. sp., 214; brunneacollis, n. sp., 215, busccalis, n. sp., 216; guatemalalis, n. sp.; 214; marginepuncta, n. sp., 214; morosalis, n. sp., 213; rioalis, n. sp., 216; venatalis, n. sp., 215. McATEE, W. L., and NATHAN BANKS: Dis- trict of Columbia Diptera: Asilidae, 13, 21. Megaspilus crawfordi, n. sp., 60. Merisus febriculosus Girault, synonymy of, 238. Mttumasius mosieri, n. sp., 151. MOLES, M. L., with A. C. BAKER: A new species of Aleyrodidae found on Azalea, 81. Monoedus, Description of probable larva, 6. Nematidium filiforme, Description of larva and pupa. 5. Neogimnomera. nov. gen., 36; amans, 36. Neurophyseta albimarginalis, n. sp., 173; durgalis, n. sp., 1 72; tanamoalis, n. sp., 173; volcanalis, n. sp., 173. Nezara viridula, A peculiarly marked adult, 171. Nomophila clarissalis, n. sp., 217. Oecophoridae, A new genus and species from Japan, 43. Orthoplevra cyanipennis, n. sp., 52; Key to species, 53. Osmoderma montana, n. sp., 233. Paradise Key, A new weevil from, 150. Paridris brevipunnis, n. sp., 66. Periodical Cicada, notes on, 227. 246 INDEX Perthalycra Carolina, n. sp., 239. Phloeonemus catenulatus, Description of larva, 5. Phostria carusalis, n. sp., 207; cleodalis, n. sp., 206; indignalis, n. sp., 206. Phryaginidia caterpillars, Observations on the instars of, 193. Phryganidia californica, 193. Phylactaenodes jaralis, n. sp., 220; rams- denalis, n. sp., 219. Pilocrocis" bastalis, n. sp., 204; cyranoalis, n. sp., 204; dentilinealis, n. sp., 202; es- tebanalis, n. sp., 20.3; evanidalis, n. sp., 204; guianalis, n. sp., 202; pargialis, n. sp., 201; sororalis, n. sp., 203. Platygaster, Remarks on the genus, 67; feltii, n. sp., 70; leguminicolae, n. sp., 69. Poecilogonalos mimus, n. sp., 191. Polygrammodes arpialis, n. sp., 189; basalalis, n. sp., 188- herminalis, n. sp., 189. Proctotrypid inquiline with Formica ex- sectoides, 59. Protacanthus, Key to District of Columbia species, 26. Psara antillalis, n. sp., 218; extremalis, n. sp., 218; guatalis, n. sp., 218; nigripes, n. sp., 190; polypaetalis, n. sp., 190; sub- nitens, n. sp., 219. Psephis gomalis, n. sp., 174. Pseudopogonota, n. gen., 35; aldrichi, n sp., 35; pallida, n. var., 36. Psiloparia, 76, 78. Psithyrus laboriosus, 168. Pycnarmon breivalis, n. sp., 178. Pyraustinae, New species of neotropical. 172, 200. Reticulatitermes flying at night in Arizona, 39; aureus, n. sp., 40. Rhyssa persuasoria, Abdominal characters of, 79. ROHWER, S. A.: Descriptions of six new- Wasps, 54. Santuzza, nov. gen., 43; Kuwanii, n. sp., 45; Larva and pupa of, 46; synonym of An- chonoma xeraula Meyrick, 239. Scatophaga grisea, n. sp., 34. Scatophagidae, Description of new genera and species, 34. SCHAUS, W. : New species of neotropical Pyraustinae, 172, 200. SCHWARZ, E. A.: A new Scolytis beetle from tropical Florida, 222. Scolytis beetle, A new from tropical Florida, 222. Scybalista chicalis, n. sp., 178. SNVDER, THOMAS E.: Two new Termites from Arizona, 38; The Colonizing reproductive adults of termites, 109. ST. GEORGE, RAYMOND A.: Notes on the Periodical Cicada for 1919, 227. Sufetula grumalis, n. sp., 178. Sunlight, direct, as a factor of Forest insects, 106. Sylepta albicostalis, n. sp., 210; anchuralis, n. sp., 209; birdalis, n. sp., 187; escuentalis, n. sp., 187; mysticalis, n. sp., 21 1 ; nebulalis, n. sp., 211. Symphysa glorialis, n. sp., 176; hermalis, n. sp., 176; maralis, n. sp., 177; matanzalis, n. sp., 177. Synchita sp., Description of pupa, 5; fulig- inosa, Description of larva, 5. Systelloderus biceps, 97; angustatus, 97. Tachytes calcaratus, 59; duplicatus, n. sp., 59; pepticus var. floridanus, n. var., 59. Termites, Two new species from Arizona, 38; The Colonizing reproductive adults of, 109. Trachykele, Biological notes on, 72; Some notes on the genus with a description of a new species, 168; blondeli, n. sp., 73; hart- mani, n. sp., 169; lecontei, 73; nimbosa, 74; opulenta, 74. Trichopria marylandica, n. sp., 62; parkeri, n. sp., 61 . Trigonalyd, A new from India, 191. Trissolcus edessae. n. sp., 65. Tyspanodes albomarginalis, n. sp., 205; piuralis, n. sp., 205; santiagalis, n. sp., 205. Walsingham, Lord, Obituary of, 41. Wasps, Descriptions of six new, 54. Websterellus harrisi Fitch, notes on and synonymy, 237. WICKHAM, H. P.: New species of Perthalycra and Osmoderma, 239. Xoraptera not an apterous Order, 84; Ana- tomical details of, 98. Zorotypus, Habits of the species, 95; hub- bardi, 84, 98, 127; snyderi, n. sp., 90. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Volume XXII PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 1920 TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXII Page BAKER, A. C., and MOLES, M. L.: A new species of Aleyrodidae found on Azalea (Horn.) SI BANKS, NATHAN, with McATEE, W. L.: District of Columbia Dip- tera: Asilidae. . .13, 21 BARBER, H. S. : A new tropical weevil from Florida and Cuba lot) BURKE, H. E.: Collecting some little known Buprestidae (Coleopt.j. 7 '2 - Some notes on the genus Trachykele, with a descrip- tion of a new species (Buprestidae, Coleoptera) . KiS BUSCK, AUGUST: Lord Walsingham 41 CAUDELL, A. N. : Zoraptera not an apterous order S4 CHAPIN, EDWARD A.: New American Cleridae with note on synonomy of Micropterous Chevr. (Coleopt.) . . 50 COCKERELL, T. D. A.: A new Trigonalid from India (Hym.) I'.H CRAIGHEAD, F. C.: Biology of some Coleoptera of the families Colycl- idae and Bothrideridae 1 Direct sunlight as a factor in forest insect control. . 106 CRAMPTON, G. C.: Some anatomical details of the remarkable winged Zorapteron, Zorotypus hnbbardi Caudell, with notes on its relationships 98 CUSHMAN, R. A.: Viereck's family Labenidae with the description of a new species of Apechoneuru (Hym. Ichneumon- idae) 76 FISCHER, W. S. : A new genus and several new species of Cerambycidae (Col.) 153 FouTS, R. M.: Some new parasites, with remarks on the genus Fluty - gaster (Hymenoptcra) 61 GAHAN, A. B.: On the identity of several species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) . . 235 HEINRICH, CARL: A new genus and species of Oecophorid moths from Japan ... 43 Coleophora notes with description of two new species (Lepid.) i:>9 — r Synonymical note in Aecophoridae (Lep 232 HERBERT, FRANK B.: Observations upon the instars of Phyrganidia caterpillars . . I'.i.'i JACKSON, L. O. : Bumblebees of District of Columbia and vicinity (Hym., Bremus) I (12 JONES, THOS. H.: A peculiarly marked adult of Xeztini i-iridulu L. (Hemip.) 171 MALLOCH, J. R.: Description of new genera and species of Scatnpli agidae ( Diptcra) 34 MANN, WM. M.: A Proctotrypid inquiline with Formica exsectoides Forel. (Hym.) 59 McATEE, W. L., and BANKS, NATHAN: District of Columbia Dip- tera: Asilidae 13, 21 MOLES, M. L., with BAKER, A. C.: A new species of Aleyrodidae found on Azalea (Horn.) 81 ROHWER, S. A. : Descriptions of six new wasps (Hym.) 54 SCHAUS, W. : New species of Neotropical Pyraustinae (Lepid.) 172, 200 SCHWARZ, E. A.: A new Scolytid beetle from Tropical Florida 222 SNYDER, THOMAS ELLIOTT: Two new termites from Arizona 38 The colonizing reproductive adults of termites 109 ST. GEORGE, RAYMOND A.: Notes on the Periodical Cicada in 1919. . 227 WICKHAM, H. F. : New species of Perthalycra and Osmoderma (Col.) . . 232 ERRATA Title page to No. 5. Read Azalea instead Azal/a. Title page to No. 5. Read Zorotypus hubbardi instead Zorotypus hub- bardie. Page 91, line 8 from top. Read SJlvestri instead Sylvestri. Page 91, line 10 from top. Read Szlvestri instead Sjlvestri. Page 98, line 2 from top. Read Zorotypus hubbardi instead Zorotypus hubbardis. Page 103, line 3 from bottom. Read closely instead colsely. Page 152, line 7 from bottom. Read Metamasiz