Ser toe iearte n aire tt pyre Saleh itv nteten near Nate a Simei He eae 2 eit =e Tatiey Y SA etre Sy Pit On et 9 ge AIAN, teas Sis ae Nee pers ak ee NN ee el Ita tet 8 ae ODT I a SC Se ncn et wrenrtn ee atti ath ater LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN af = a YOILALILSNINVINOSHLINS (S31YVUGIT LIBRARIES — = |B ——- w > = oa mr “Ss ae > 2 WY E 2 m Ss. aie m ’ _ w ABRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI = | < is = EL x e\Q i Y 22] yY "he SX Xs: i 5 feu: e) 2 a AS re) fog? = f= aw ee we ie INEZ JOILLNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYUGIT LIBRARIES 2 sf Zz 1S] w = a a —4 c P a = = “4 fe) ANS “ fe) eA pe | = IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI = rs 2 ow 2) 5 AG 2 5 F YY Gk: = = iD z NOILNLILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS, SA1UVU AIT LIBRARIES o< = < “ie ‘Zz = > Xs fe) x 8 QS $; T: QS : 2 EY s > = : w 4 22) +. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSN Ww) > Ww ase . oe ee ee oc “Vi = _ a Up 5% : = i? = ool NOLLNLILSNINYINOSHLIWS a Z e ow > = wo > We 5 - Si ee 8 = pase w SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI Zz *. = < = ; 3 = = KK; 2 3 = ty * z XN . res of i S bE i Vi “yy AKO" 2 E Z, G fee eal 3 lige Sahn NOILALILSNI Sa1yuvugi | ff Z a TIT, ce Ka & — LTPP, 2 Gerped CE) 5 Pe ™)\ 5 GAM IS lS) OC Sa ee iz] oe lke ~ woes (sk UTZ SF Ue Ep, UR ig Pia SS Se Fe gee “Uj S Smee 5 x : NMS s Ne : z ! ma re | “ ALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31uUVUaIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION. : =i z fi z eo : ow 2 — wo _— w fe x ‘Xs 5 fi 5 Nee : > Ye SN i = > E _ = F a - a IC = : “ z S Zz a : NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVUGII- =r > oF 7 = es Yd; : AQ F S z ty, z 2 OLE, & EN 2 g 3 YF? gm WN z f= z Dy YJ i a5 = 4 we : eS = = - = = = 3 ALILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3IYYYEIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION | a a = iC ; a u n Mf. x z : g = VG," g : : a MY fers | 5 ~~ SS 5 maf 5 : = —1 Zz eal = = SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILMLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3INVYSIT = a ad = Van oy f = hocd - 0 ° C F > = > 2 i an - one ree : ” m ”n m ” f = w < uv) i Zz c MLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3INVHYAIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION = ” = ae ” raf XY. i Ph = / ‘= NS = = CNS : a zz 223 ee Y s z= NY Soy = = OY AY rs YF Myefe$ ea WA ce) N C Wy, E 2 “iy = WQ 2g - | ld = > . = BN logs = ; Ke w Ps Ww) m) = ” 5? RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS 8) Ne , = _ A & AS = a AF ac er VQ fad cn y aS ae 5 Rs ( ed = af > aN os i NLILSNI_NVINOSHLINS S3luyvualy SMITHSONIAN” INSTITUTION. ae = ua = = — o : Se wo a iy, oO - > \ye 5 2 5 4° : A! i= Ul fff : 2 WHE 2 ae ae | oe le m Ce a | ide) _— ” ey : SMITHSONIAN _ INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI_ NVINOSHLINS, S31MVY G17. za - Lea) hs , = ifr = < s JOE’: a > = HEE /> =z a Vi 4 : a Ng 2 OE 2 Vy. 8B 2 WW 3 YYZ 2 8 fo Z E Nv 2,0 YY & Zy f | : es - : | S3IUYVYGIT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION se STITY 2 var if z JONG } = S» ON dp) Koo Noes eat w iS Fig. 1-4, Melanopleurus maculicorium. 1, head, lateral. 2, head and part of pronotum, dorsal. 3, left clasper, dorsal. 4, right clasper, dorsal. Fig. 5, 6, M. bicolor. 5, head lateral. 6, left clasper, dorsal. Fig. 7, 8, M. b. marginellus. 7, head, lateral. 8, left clasper, dorsal. Fig. 9-11, M. belfragei. 9, head, lateral. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 95 10, left clasper, dorsal. 11, left clasper, lateral from inside. Fig. 12, 13, M. b. bistriangularis. 12, head, lateral. 13, left clasper, dorsal. Fig. 14, M. tetraspilus. left clasper, dorsal. Fig. 15, 16, Ochrimnus collaris. 15, left clasper, dorsal. 16, same, lateral from inside and dorsal detail of base. 96 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 times as wide as long (23:16). Length 8-9 mm. Specimen studied from Globe, Arizona. Male—coloration as in female, pilosity as in female but with hairs slightly longer and in addition many subvertical, silvery, longer hairs on head and pronotum. Head across eyes nearly 1.5 times as wide as long (22:14). Interocular space 13. Antenna with thickness and shape of segments as in female; lengths of segments: 8:16:13:15. Beak reaching but not surpassing apex of mesocoxa; length of segments: 11:11:9:7. Pronotum with punctures behind collar and calli more abundant and discernible than in female; length medianly 20, length to anterior angles 21; width posteriorly 34, anteriorly 20. Genitalia as in fig. 10, 11, and 26; VHP as in fig. 27. Drawn from specimen from Nipomo, California. Recorded from Arizona, Mexico, and Texas. Melanopleurus bicolor (Herrich-Schaffer ) 1850 Male—head, antennae, beak, thorax, scutellum, membrane, last abdominal segment, and genital capsule black. Spot of vertex, collar, bucculae, margins of coxal cavities and bucculae, and tip of scutellum yellowish or ivory. Clavus, corium, and other abdominal segments red. Pilosity as in belfragei. Shape of head as in fig. 5; head across eyes over 1.5 times as wide as long (25:14); interocular space 15. Antennal segments shaped as in _ belfragei; length of segments: 6:19:16:8. Beak reaching to posterior coxa; length of seg- ments 13:13:12:8. Pronotum with pilosity, shape, and surface as in belfragei; length medianly 26, length to anterior angle 27; width anteriorly 23, posteriorly 40; punctures behind calli and collar few and obscure. Genitalia as in fig. 6 and 24; VHP as in fig. 24; drawn from a specimen from Oaxaca, Mexico. Female—coloration and pilosity as in male. Head across eyes 27, interocular space 17. Antennal segments 19:21:17:18. Beak reaching to posterior coxae; length of segments: 15:14:12:11. Pronotum with median length 23, to shoulders 24, posterior width 45. Few scattered punctures behind collar and calli. Recorded from Arizona, Guatemala, Mexico, Texas, and Brasil. Melanopleurus b. bistriangularis (Say) 1831 Male—head, antennae, beak, pronotum except at humeral angles, pleurae except at margins, scutellum, and membrane black. Last abdominal segment and genital capsule blackish. Spot of vertex, margin of bucculae, margin of coxal cavities, tip of scutellum, and margin of membrane yellowish or ivory. Humeral angle of pronotum, upper posterior angle of metapleura, clavus, corium, and abdominal segments except as noted above orange-red. Head as in fig. 12; antennal segments 6:13:11:15; head across eyes slightly less than 1.5 times as wide as long (17:12), interocular space 10. Beak shaped as in belfragei; length of segments: 10:10:7:6. Pronotum shaped as in belfragei; length medianly 15, to anterior angles 16; width anteriorly 15, posteriorly 26. Scutellum wider than long (14:10). Length 5.5-6.0 mm. Genital segments as in fig. 13 and 20; VHP as in fig. 23. Description based on a specimen from Mexico. Specimens from Honduras and Panama show varying extension of orange on humeral angles of pronotum. Female—coloration as in male; orange on posterior angle of pronotum less PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 a7 @ ° ®, . Kc) e @9° eee o: by (cy ex @ @e ° @e Go e QO °c e? Qo 3 2 2@ oe of are A ei? oe Or go Oe @e Coe 27 ze 08 8 ro) 21 cis en i23 ° (2) e?.°e@ % Se oo. ose os eee Od Ly a ° Bee Olas 6 06° OF © oe 2 sr () eo? oe HO ° = Se OB OS AGO ° o? @coe oe 4° oe 0. @ ORs ooo re @.e 25 CED ° 02. 00 feo? e cece oe @ OY OA e 18 ese 29 Fig. 17-19, Melanopleurus maculicorium. 17, opening of genital capsule, dorsal. 18, ventral hypopygeal punctures (VHP), ventral. 19, habitus. Fig. 20, 21, M. b. bistriangularis. 20, opening of genital capsule. 21, VHP. Fig. 22, 23, M. b. marginellus. 22, opening of genital capsule, dorsal. 23, VHP. Fig. 24, 25, M. bicolor. 24, opening of genital capsule, dorsal. 25, VHP. Fig. 26, 27, M. belfragei. 26, opening of genital capsule. 27, VHP. Fig. 28, 29, M. tetraspilus. 28, opening of genital capsule. 29, VHP. 98 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 extensive. Head across eyes about 1.5 times as wide as long (17:11); interocular space 9. Antennal segments shaped as in belfragei; length of segments: 4:11:9:11. Pronotum shaped as in belfragei; length medianly 14, to anterior angle 15; width anteriorly 14, posteriorly 25. Beak 9:9:8:6. Scutellum slightly over 1.5 times as wide as long (14:9). Specimen examined from Mexico. Recorded from Quebec, Arizona, South Dakota, California, Colorado, Texas, Utah, New Mexico, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala. Melanopleurus bistriangularis marginellus (Dallas) 1852 Male—head, antenna, beak, pronotum except on humeral angle, legs, scutellum, membrane, last abdominal segment, and hypopygium black. Border of membrane, spot on vertex, bucculae, and margins of coxal cavities ivory. Clavus, corium, hind margin of posterior angle of pronotum, upper posterior angle of metapleura, and other abdominal segments red or orange-red. Pilosity as in belfragei. Head as in fig. 7; across eyes over 1.5 times wider than long (19:11); inter- ocular space 11.5. Shape and pilosity of antennal segments as in belfragei; length of segments: 5:12:10:11. Beak reaching to apex of mesocoxa; length of segments: 9:10:7:6. Pronotum shaped and pilose as in belfragei; length medianly 18, to anterior angle 19; width anteriorly 17, posteriorly 28.5. Length 5-6 mm. Genitalia as in fig. 8 and 22; VHP as in fig. 23. Specimen studied from Huachuca Mts., Arizona. Female—coloration as in male. Head across eyes over 1.5 times as wide as long (20:11); interocular space 12. Antenna shaped as in male; length of segments: 10:11:9:8. Pronotum shaped and pilose as in male; length medianly 17, to anterior angle 18; width anteriorly 18, posteriorly 23. Scutellum nearly 1.5 times as wide as long (17:12). Specimen studied from Huachuca Mts., Arizona. Also recorded from Mexico, Columbia, and Venezuela. Melanopleurus maculicorium Maldonado-Capriles, new species Male—Habitus as in fig. 19. The following parts black: head, antennae, beak, pronotum, scutellum, legs, thorax laterally, costal margin of corium to about midlength, membrane, last 2 abdominal sterna, and genital capsule. First 3 abdominal sterna orange-red, first 2 with some black medianly, third with black extending irregularly to below spiracles. Margin of membrane, spot on vertex, and margins of coxal cavities ivory or grayish. Clavus and corium, except for the black on costal margin orange or reddish. Pilosity very scarce and short above on head, pronotum, scutellum, forewings, and thorax laterally; moderately abundant and slightly longer on antennae and abdominal sterna; more abundant and conspicuous on legs; this species is the least pilose. Head across eyes over twice as long as wide (20.5:9); interocular space 10.5. Shape of antennal segments as in belfragei; length of segments: 6:15:12:15. Bucculae short, figure 1. Beak reaching to posterior coxae; length of segments: 10:9:9:7. Pronotum: length medianly 16, to anterior angle 16; width across anterior angles 17.5, across humeral angles 30. Scutellum about 1.5 times as wide as long (16.5:11). Genitalia as in fig. 3, 4, 17; VHP as in fig. 18. Female—coloration as in male. Head across eyes over twice as wide as long PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 99 (21:8.5): interocular space. Antennae shaped as in male, length of segments: 6:14:12:16. Bucculae as in male. Beak reaching posterior coxa; length of segments 12:9:10:8. Pronotum: length medianly 19, to anterior angle 19; width anteriorly 19, posteriorly 34. Pilosity as in male. Length 6.5-6.7mm. Holotype—Male, in USNM, Catalogue No. 71498; from Secci6n La Palma, Constanza, Prov. La Vega, July 2, 1969, 900 m., J. Maldo- nado-Capriles and E. J. Marcano collectors; from the endemic plant Baccharis myrsinites (Lam.) Pers, Compositae. Allotype, female, in USNM, same data. Paratypes: 5 in USNM, 8 in JMC, and 2 in the collection of the University of Connecticut at Storrs, same data as holotype; 3 from Rio Antonzape Buen, Sec. Mata Grande, San José de las Matas, Prov. Santiago, April 4, 1970, E. J. Marcano collector, in JMC and Marcano’s collection. This new species differ from the others by the scarcer pilosity above on head, pronotum, scutellum, and forewings. The patch of black on the corium, details of the margins of the opening of the genital capsule, shape of the claspers, and arrangement of the VHP separate it from its closest relative, M. tetraspilus from Cuba, as well as the other species. Additional details are given in the key and under “Discussion”. Melanopleurus tetraspilus (Stal) 1874 Male—the following parts black: head, antennae, beak, pronotum, scutellum, legs, thorax laterally, membrane, last 2 abdominal sterna, most of antepenultimate sternum, round or oval spot on clavus, and larger spot on corium extending from M to costal margin. The following parts red: first 3 abdominal sterna, anterior and lateral margin to level of spiracles of antepenultimate sternum, and clavus and corium except for the above mentioned black spots. Margin of membrane, small spot on vertex, margins of coxal cavities and bucculae ivory or grayish. Pilosity very short and scarce on head, pronotum, scutellum, and thorax laterally. More conspicuous and longer on abdominal sterna, legs, antennae, and genital capsule. Head on lateral aspect similar to maculicorium n. sp.; head across eyes 18, length 10, interocular space 10. Antennal segments: 5:14:?:?. Beak reaching metacoxae; length of segments: 11:10:10:6. Bucculae short, margin evenly rounded, slightly narrower than thickness of first antennal segment. Pronotum: length medianly 16, to anterior angles 17; width across shoulders 16, across humeral angles 28. Scutellum about 1.5 times as wide as long (14:10). Length 5.5-5.6 mm. Genitalia as in fig. 14 and 28; VHP as in fig. 29. Specimen studied from Guantanamo, Cuba. DIscussION Melanopleurus can be distinguished from allied genera as follows: head black with a calloused round spot at base of vertex; pronotum black, with or without red humeral angles, and margins always black; osteolar peritreme inverted J-shaped and black; first 3 or 4 abdominal 30 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 sterna totally or mostly red or orange-red; legs, last abdominal seg- ment, and genital capsule black; claspers flat, L-shaped, and inserted laterad. The species and subspecies of Melanopleurus fall in 3 groups of 2 forms each. Only 2 species have black areas on the hemielytra, namely, M. tetraspilus and the new species M. maculicorium. That these 2 species are related is also indicated by the similarities of their claspers, VHP, and bucculae that in turn are slightly different from those of the next 2 groups. Melanopleurus belfragei and M. bicolor are the largest species, over 8 mm, and the closer similarity of their VHP, shape of claspers, and different bucculae, as compared with those of the other species, point to their close relationship. Melano- pleurus b. bistriangularis and M. b. marginellus are subspecies or just color forms as indicated by their almost identical bucculae, open- ing of the genital capsules, VHP, and claspers. REFERENCES Dallas, W. S. 1852a. List of the specimens of Hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. London: Taylor & Francis, Inc. pp. 369-592. Herrich-Schaffer, G. H. W. 1850. Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. Nurnberg. C. H. Zehschen Buchhandlung. 9:188—217. Say, T. 1831. Descriptions of new species of Heteropterous Hemiptera of North America. New Harmony, Indiana. 1831:310-368. Slater, J. A. 1964. A Catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the World. U. Conn. Storrs, Conn. Stal, C. 1874. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. pt. 4. K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Hand. 12:1:1-186. Uhler, P. R. 1876a. List of Hemiptera of the region west of the Mississippi River, including those collected during the Hayden explorations of 1873. Bull. U.S. geol. geog. Surv. Terr. 1:269-361. Van Duzee, E. P. 1916. Check list of the Hemiptera (excepting the Aphididae, Aleurodidae and Coccidae) of America, north of Mexico. New York: N. Y. Ent. Soc. A NEW NEOTROPICAL SYRPHID FLY, MESOGRAPTA APEGIENSIS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) Rateu E. HarsacH Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois 61455 ABSTRACT—Mesograpta apegiensis, n. sp. is described from Brazil and reference to a key is given for its identification. Mesograpta apegiensis n. sp. was captured by Y. S. Sedman in the Area De Pesquisas Ecolégicas Do Guama (The Ecological Research Area or APEG) of Belém, Para, Brazil and is an apparent tropical rain forest dweller. It is related to Mesograpta croesus (Hull), with only slight differences in the abdominal pattern and coloration of the scutum and head. Sao Paulo is the type locality of M. croesus and other specimens collected at and near this city have been identified as M. croesus by J. R. Vockeroth of the Entomology Re- search Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture. Mesograpta apegiensis Harbach, new species Length about 8.0 mm. Male. Head (fig. 1): Face shining brownish black, pale yellow at sides with whitish pubescence; front shining brownish black, pale yellow at sides and above; cheeks shining brownish black; occiput appearing pollinose, white or greyish pubescent below, pale yellow pubescent at sides, golden yellow pubescent above and behind vertex; posterior half of vertex, behind ocelli, shining deep bluish purple and anterior fourth, in front of ocelli, grey pubescent; antennae brownish yellow, first 2 segments browner. Thorax: Scutum shining with median metallic blue vitta margined on each side by 6 others: a dark brown to black stripe outside of which lies a golden coppery stripe, next 2 respectively the same followed by a metallic bluish-black stripe, and margin pale yellow and confluent with humeri and margin of scutellum of same color; disc of scutellum dark brown; pleura shining metallic black, yellow stripes on posterior half of mesopleura, yellow spot on upper portion of sternopleura. Legs pale yellow; posterior femora with brownish-black subapical bands; posterior tibia with similar but broader bands subbasad; tarsi golden to brownish yellow. Wings (fig. 3) brownish, stigma darker brown; microtrichia absent from proximal portion of marginal cell, narrow area along proximal portion of posterior vein of submarginal cell, all but scattered areas along spurious vein and distal end of first basal cell, second basal cell but wedge of microtrichia extending from distal end, narrow areas along anterior veins at proximal ends of first, second, and third posterior cells, anterior half of anal cell, and minute spot at proximal end of axillary cell. Abdomen (fig. 2): More or less parallel sided, dark brown to black markings on yellow to reddish-yellow background; first segment largely yellow, narrowly 31 32, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 33 black distally; second segment consisting of 5 fasciae of nearly equal width, anterior fascia brownish yellow, posterior fascia brownish red, center fascia yellow and margined on either side by dark brown or black fasciae that produce a very thin linear vitta that divides center band; third segment with posterior brownish-red fascia which does not quite reach lateral margins of the segment and an anterior yellow or reddish-yellow fascia which divides the central dark brown or black of the segment by producing a narrow median vitta, 2 submedial lunulate spots, and triangular areas in the corners of the segment; segment 4 same as 3 except dark brown or black of segment may reach base of segment 3; fifth segment with medial dark brown or black diamond-shaped spot with crescentic spots of same color on either side; hypopygium with dark brown spot on right side. Male genitalia (fig. 4-6): Superior lobes somewhat rectangular with small lobes projecting at disto-dorsal edge, rounded lamellae projecting from base with hairs, vestiture of erect bristles along ventral margin; cerci covered with dense short pile and scattered long hairs; styli compressed more dorsoventrally than laterally, somewhat quadrangular in dorsal view, covered with scattered hairs with long hairs concentrated on disto-medial margin of dorsal side; triangular process slender and narrowly rounded at tip, half as long as styli; ejaculatory hood prolonged, narrowed, and almost pointed distad; sustentacular apodeme abruptly enlarged basad, dorsal keel nearly straight from apex to base, ventral keel somewhat rounded; ejaculatory apodeme laminate, flattened laterally, apex slightly flared; ejaculatory sac bilobed, lobes projecting latero-dorsad and flattened, upper surfaces with a depression; penis sheath twice as large as epandrium in lateral view; cercal emargination roughly V-shaped in ventral view with one-half diameter of entire penis sheath, dorsal tip of V narrowly rounded. Female. Thorax and abdomen as in male; head with black of vertex confluent with black of front and sides of front yellow. Holotype: Male. Brazil: Belém, Para, APEG. April 26, 1967, Y.S. Sedman col. Allotype, same data. Paratypes, same locality and collector: 1 male, April 1, 1967; 1 female, April 26, 1967; 1 female, April 28, 1967; 1 female, May 2, 1967; 1 male, May 5, 1967; 1 male, May 26, 1967; 1 male, May 29, 1967; 1 male, May 30, 1967. Holotype, allotype, and four paratypes deposited in the Canadain National Collection of Insects (CNC) and four paratypes retained at the Department of Biological Sciences of Western Illinois University. Mesograpta apegiensis n. sp. should key out as M. croesus using Hull’s (1943) key. These two species can be separately distinguished, however, with the following addition to couplet 30: < Fig. 1-6, Mesograpta apegiensis. 1, head (left side) 2, abdomen of male (dorsal) 3, left wing (male) 4, male genitalia (right side) 5, axial system of male genitalia 6, male genitalia (dorsal aspect). Fig. 7, Mesograpta croesus (Hull), male genitalia (right side). Scale equals 0.16 mm (fig. 4-7), 0.32 mm (fig. 1), 0.64 mm (fig. 2, 3). 34 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 — “The fascia of both segments are widely obsolescent on the margin in the middle.-the medialvends)..., 4.0 ( Hull 1943) EEE 30a 30a Front and face pale yellow; styli of male genitalia strongly curved ventrally in lateral view, outer surface of superior lobes and upper surface of their lamellae covered with short bristles (fig. 7) — otto hn ESR Ae As Be ae Bee Lee ee Oe M. croesus (Hull) 30a’ Front and face with dark brown to black stripe; styli not ventrally curved, superior lobes with longer bristles along ventral margin — Re a Fa Cas Oe een SC cee 5 NS ES POT M. apegiensis Harbach REFERENCE Hull, F. M. 1943. The Genus Mesogramma. Entomol. Am. 23:1-41. ADELA RIDINGSELLA CLEMENS IN THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, TENNESSEE, AT LIGHT (LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE) Adela ridingsella Clemens is generally distributed in the deciduous forests of the eastern United States and Canada, extending south to the southern Appala- chians of North Carolina and Tennessee. While this adelid seems not to have been previously reported from Tennessee, it would be expected to occur there since the Great Smoky Mountains encompass part of that state as well as North Carolina. At Cosby Campground, Cocke County, on the Tennessee side of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 1 male and 1 female were simultaneously found next to a tabletop Coleman lantern at about 2200 hours on the windy and cool (ca. 7° C) evening (overcast with rain the next morning) of May 7, 1973. The May date is 1 month earlier than any previously reported date for capture of A. ridingsella (Powell, 1969, J. Lepid. Soc. 23:218-219) and the species has not been reported to be attracted to lights before. Adelids are otherwise strictly diurnal. Joun B. Heppner, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 5282. TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) OF TEXAS. III. POST OAK BELT SPECIES, NAVASOTA RIVER WATERSHED; INCIDENCE, FREQUENCY, ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION Patrick H. THOMPSON Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology Research Laboratory, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, Texas 77840 ABSTRACT—Collections of Tabanidae in or near, pastures, impoundments, creeks, and river bottoms of the Navasota River watershed near Bryan and College Station, Texas produced 1037 females (and 3 males) of 25 species in 6 genera: Silvius, 1 species; Chrysops, 4; Chlorotabanus, 1; Whitneyomyia, 1; Leucotabanus, 1; and Tabanus, 17. Collections were made weekly, Mar. 27- Sept. 24, 1971 with 16 Manitoba Traps operated at 11 different geographic locations. Several specimens were taken in the Animal Trap and in overhead collections with an aerial net. The most abundant species were Tabanus fuscicostatus Hine (26% of the total catch), T. trimaculatus Palisot de Beauvois (14%), Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken and T. subsimilis Bellardi (12% each), and C. pikei Whitney and T. sulcifrons Macquart (6% each). These 6 species comprised 76% of the total catch; 19 species, the remaining 24%. Five of the 6 dominants (all but T. sulcifrons) were among the 6 most frequent species at the 16 sites. The most productive geographic location qualitatively and quan- titatively was the Navasota River bottom east of Bryan (4 trap sites), which produced 623 specimens of 20 species. This paper is the third in a series describing the Tabanidae of Texas. The first of these papers summarized sources of known records from the State (Thompson, 1973). THE Post Oak BELT This section of the West Gulf Coast Plain is a belt of gently rolling hill country of east central Texas. It is wedged between the Pine Belt on the east, the Blacklands on the west, and the coastal prairies on the south. Elevation is 300-800 feet above sea level. Brazos County is predominantly Post Oak Belt but is also spotted with insular areas of the Blacklands and of the Pine Belt. The geological formations of the Post Oak Belt are mostly Eocene strata of the Jackson, Wilson, and Claiborne Groups. Claiborne Group strata, which predominate in Brazos County, are marine, fossiliferous clay and sand formations alternating regularly with sandy continental ones. Upland soils are light-colored acidic sandy loams or sands. Bottomland soils are acidic in reaction, light brown to dark gray in color, and sandy loams to clays in texture. The dominant trees on the rolling terrain are post oaks (Quercus stellata Wang.) and blackjacks oaks (Q. marilandica Muenchh.). Common plants in the 35 36 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Table 1—Catches of Tabanidae (females) taken in the Navasota River water- shed, Texas, 1971. Species Total Seasonal Range Silvius quadrivittatus quadrivittatus (Say )*°° Sept. 19 Chrysops callidus Osten Sacken“* 128 Mar. 27-Sept. 14 flavidus Wiedemann* 6 July 15-Sept. 15 montanus Osten Sacken“? 3 May 14-June 9 (on) Represented by 1 male specimen (not included in tabular figures). ¢ Brazos County record. 4 Grimes County record. understory include yaupon (Ilex vomitoria Ait.) and greenbriar (Smilax spp.). Principal agriculture is livestock and diversified farming. Most land is in native or improved pasture. Brazos County is located between the Brazos and Navasota Rivers. The Brazos River is the third largest Texas river, traverses most of the major physiographic regions of the State, and includes a drainage area of 42.800 sq. mi. The Navasota is a secondary stream originating in southwestern Hill County and flowing southwestward 125 mi into the Brazos near Navasota. The Study Area and the Methods.-Continuous collections were made with 16 Manitoba Traps in east central Brazos County east and southeast of the Bryan-College Station area. Traps were located PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 3 -~l between FM 1179-2038 and State Highway 6 in pastures, at the margins of impoundments (stock tanks), and in the bottoms and beds of the Navasota River and its tributaries. Collections were also made by 1 Animal Trap (Navasota River bottoms) and by aerial net at sites where deer flies (Chrysops) were observed. These traps were described by Thompson and Gregg (in press). Collections were picked up weekly, Mar. 27-Sept. 24, 1971. (The Navasota River bottom sites were actually within the eastern edge of Grimes County because traps were located on the east side of the river.) The Fauna The study produced 1037 females and 3 males of 25 species in 6 genera: Silvius, 1 species; Chrysops, 4; Chlorotabanus, 1; Whit- neyomyia, 1; Leucotabanus, 1; and Tabanus, 17 (Table 1). The most abundant species—those represented by 50 or more specimens—were Tabanus fuscicostatus (26% of the total catch), T. trimaculatus (14%), Chrysops callidus and T. subsimilis (12% each), and C. pikei and T. sulcifrons (6% each). These 6 species included 76% of the total catch; 19 spp., the remaining 24%. Five of the 6 dominants (all but T. sulcifrons) were among the 6 most frequent species at the 16 individual trap sites. Of these 16 sites, C. callidus and T. subsimilis were found at 14; C. pikei, 12; T. trimaculatus, 11; and T. fuscicostatus, 10. Of the least abundant species, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis, Leucotabanus annulatus, and T. sparus var. milleri were the most frequent. Four of the 6 dom- inants—C. callidus, C. pikei, T. subsimilis, and T. trimaculatus— were among the 6 dominants at sites in the adjacent Pine Belt section of east Texas, 40-45 mi away (Thompson, in press). Seventeen of 27 spp. were common to both areas. The locations averaging the highest number of species per trap site during the season were 4 trap sites located in the Navasota River bottoms at the Farm Road 2038-Navasota River intersect. These 4 traps produced 7, 12, 13, and 20 species of the 25 represented at the 16 sites. Of the 12 sites remaining, only 1 site (of 3) at a large impoundment (Carter Lake), produced more than 12 species (15 species ). ACKNOWLEDGMENT I gratefully acknowledge the help of Mr. Edward J. Gregg for conscientiously collecting catches and maintaining traps. REFERENCES Thompson, P. H. 1973. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Texas. I. Coastal marsh species, West Galveston Bay; abundance and seasonal distribution. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 75:359-364. 38 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 1974. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Texas. II. Pine Belt species, Huntsville State Park; abundance and seasonal distribution. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 76:430—435. ——_—_————., and E. J. Gregg. Structural modifications and performance of the modified Manitoba Trap and the modified Animal Trap for collection of Tabanidae. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. In press. OBITUARY WILLIAM STEEL CREIGHTON 1902-1973 One of our foremost North American Myrmecologists, Dr. William Steel Creigh- ton, died July 23, 1973 at the E. J. Noble Hospital in Alexandria Bay, N. Y. He was born in Philadelphia, Pa. April 3, 1902. He graduated from Roanoke College, Va. (1924), received his MS degree from Princeton (1926), and his Ph.D. from Harvard (1930). At the latter institution, he had the privilege of studying ants under the late Dr. W. M. Wheeler, an international authority on these insects. Dr. Creighton was professor emeritus in biology at the City College of New York and for a long time associated with the American Museum of Natural History. He had been retired from the City College since 1962. He was Research Assistant with the American Museum of Natural History and a member of Sigma Xi, N.Y. Entomological Society, and Georgia Entomological Society. For a period of at least 40 years, Dr. Creighton contributed numerous and ex- cellent articles on ants, especially those of North America. He won renown, how- ever, in 1950 for his monumental work, Ants of North America, a thorough taxo- nomic treatment of all our species and subspecies. In his book, a must for all students of ants, he adopted for the first time the species, subspecies concept and deleted all the infrasubspecific forms described. Many taxonomists know their subjects from laboratory studies only, but this was not true of Dr. Creighton who made many field trips of months duration into our western States and Mexico where he was able to associate the ants with their environments. On these trips, he was accompanied and ably assisted by his wife “Marty”, Martha Patterson of Cranford, N.J. whom he married in 1930. In recent years, the two have spent the winters in Le Feria, Texas and the summers at Tar Island, Rockport, Ontario. Dr. Creighton left one of the largest and most valuable of our North American ant collections. He was frequently sought for comments and suggestions by con- temporaries, especially the younger men. Although this entailed much time and patience on his part, he gave all this freely and generously. Dr. Creighton had a high sense of ethics. His articles were well written and with an outstanding sense of clarity. He left much for other workers to emulate. All of us will miss him greatly, both as a friend and as a myrmecologist. Marion R. Smiru, 519 N. Monroe Street, Arlington, Virginia 22201. HAVE ALL THE KNOWN COSMOPOLITAN STAPHYLINIDAE BEEN SPREAD BY COMMERCE? IAN Moore AND E. F. LEGNER Division of Biological Control, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92502 ABSTRACT—HEight of the 9 cosmopolitan species of Staphylinidae are found most commonly in manure of domestic animals and are considered to be spread by man. Of the nearly 20,000 species of Staphylinidae listed in the CoLropr- TERORUM CataLocus (Bernhauer and Schubert 1910-19, Scheerpeltz 1933, 1934) only the following 9 are listed as cosmopolitan. i Oxytelus sculptus Gravenhorst Lithocharis ochracea Gravenhorst Leptacinus parumpunctatus Gyllenhal Philonthus discoideus Gravenhorst Philonthus longicornis Stephens Philonthus quisquilarius Gyllenhal Philonthus ventralis Gravenhorst Cilea silphoides Linnaeus Atheta coriaria Kraatz SOGOU CORES. The last of these, Atheta coriaria, is said to be rare (Fowler, 1888; Ganglbauer, 1895). It is reported from sap of felled trees, cut grass, moss, and occasionally sand pits (Fowler, 1888). Atheta is a large and difficult genus with many closely related species. It is possible that A. coriaria is not actually cosmopolitan but that reports of its being so are based in part on misidentifications. The other 8 species are found most commonly in accumulated ma- nure of domestic animals such as that of cattle, horses and poultry, where they are often abundant (Fowler, 1888; Ganglbauer, 1895; Leg- ner and Olton, 1970). Other species of Staphylinidae (Philonthus rec- tangulus Sharp, P. sordidus Gravenhorst, and Atheta sordida Mar- sham) which are found in the same habitat are known to be nearly cosmopolitan (Legner and Olton, 1970). It may be that these species of Staphylinidae have been dispersed by man during transportation of domestic animals to all parts of the globe in the last few centuries. The occurrence of these species most commonly in accumulated manure as opposed to isolated field droppings enhances this view. Thus it seems likely that the only cosmopolitan Staphylinidae have been spread by this single agency of man in quite recent times. 39 40 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 REFERENCES Bernhauer, M. and O. Scheerpeltz. 1926. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 82, Staphylinidae VI, pp. 499-988, Berlin. Bernhauer, M. and K. Schubert. 1910. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 19, Staphylinidae I, pp. 1-86, Berlin. . 1911. Ibid. Pars 29, Staphylinidae II, pp. 87-190, Berlin. 1912. Ibid. Pars 40, Staphylinidae III, pp. 191-288, Berlin. 1914. Ibid. Pars 57, Staphylinidae IV, pp. 289-408, Berlin. ——————.. 1916. Ibid. Pars 67, Staphylinidae V, pp. 409-498, Berlin. Fowler, W. W. 1888. The Coleoptera of the British Islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to localities, habits, etc., Vol. 2, Staphylinidae, 444 p., 70 pls., London. Ganglbauer, L. 1895. Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa. Die Kifer der osterreischischungarischen Monarchie, Deutschlands, der Schweiz, sowie des franzésischen und _ italenischen Alpengebietes, vol. 2, Familienreihe Staphy- linoidea, 1. theil: Staphylinidae, Pselaphidae; 880 pp. Wien. Legner, E. F. and G. S. Olton. 1971. Worldwide Survey and Comparison of Adult Predator and Insect Populations Associated with Domestic Animal Manure where Livestock is Artificially Congregated. Hilgardia. 40:225-266. Scheerpeltz, O. 1933. Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 129, Staphylinidae VII, pp. 989-1500, Berlin. 1934. Ibid. Pars 130, Staphylinidae VIII, pp. 1501-1881, Berlin. FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF EPICAUTA PROSOPIDIS WERNER (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE) Too late for inclusion in my description (1974, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 76:461) of Epicauta (Macrobasis) prosopidis, John Pinto sent me a series of 3 males and 2 females from 18 mi. SE Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, 6000’, VI.21.71, D. E. Bright, from the Canadian National Collection. This series extends the size range to 7.5-10.5 mm. It also shows that the pronotum has a pair of denuded callosities on the disc before the middle; these are not very strongly developed in the holotype, and were overlooked. Availability of females for comparison shows that both the maxillary and the labial palpi of the male are slightly en- larged, and flattened beneath. The antenna of the female shows no indication of the male modifications. Segmental measurements in 0.01 mm, base to apex: 54/24, 35/21, 42/22, 43/21, 40/20, 39/19, 38/18, 37/16, 34/15, 32/14, 35/13. Females are very similar to small specimens of the Epicauta maculata group, but can probably be distinguished by the pronotal callosities. FLoyp G. WERNER, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721. Journal Paper No. 2267 of the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. TWO NEW SPECIES OF GEOMYDOECUS FROM COSTA RICAN POCKET GOPHERS (MALLOPHAGA: TRICHODECTIDAE)’ RocerR D. PRICE Department of Entomology, Fisheries, and Wildlife, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 ABSTRACT—Two new species of Geomydoecus Ewing are described and illustrated from material from Macrogeomys Merriam taken in Costa Rica: G. setzeri from M. underwoodi Osgood and G. cherriei from M. cherrieri (J. A. Allen). Three species of Geomydoecus Ewing are now recognized from the Central American pocket gopher genus Macrogeomys Merriam (Rodentia: Geomyidae). These were described as new species by Price and Emerson (1971) and are G. costaricensis from M. heterodus cartagoensis (Goodwin), G. panamensis from M. cavator Bangs, and G. dariensis from M. dariensis Goldman. Geomydoecus costari- censis is the only species of Geomydoecus known from Costa Rica, while the other 2 species are from Panama. The fact that each of these 3 species of lice is thus far known only from its type host has led me to suspect that the lice on Macrogeomys might show a fairly high degree of host specificity. Thus, I was not too surprised to find that a recent collection of specimens from 2 additional species of Macrogeomys yielded lice representing 2 as yet undescribed species of Geomydoecus. I thank Dr. Henry W. Setzer of the National Museum of Natural History for enabling me to collect lice from these gopher skins. Geomydoecus setzeri Price, new species fig. 1-7 Male: Antennal scape with essentially straight posterior margin; temple margin (fig. 4) with 2 spiniform setae and fine, short, submarginal seta mediad to these. Abdomen (fig. 7) with short tergocentral setae; terminalia as shown. Genitalia (fig. 5) 0.13-0.14 mm wide, with endomeral plate pointed and un- divided apically, parameral arch as shown, and sac with 6 prominent spines. Head width, 0.46-0.48 mm; total length, 1.17-1.30 mm. Female: Temple margin (fig. 3) with short submarginal seta mediad to 2 short marginal setae. Abdomen as in fig. 1; last tergum with 3 long setae grouped together lateroposteriorly; tergocentral setae on VII longer than those on VI; subgenital plate as shown. Genital chamber particles as in fig. 6; genital chamber sac (fig. 2) 0.25-0.30 mm wide, with deeply indented medioanterior margin "Paper No. 8223, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. 4] 42, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 1-7. Geomydoecus setzeri. 1, dorsal ventral view of female abdomen. 2, female genital chamber sac. 3, female temple margin. 4, male temple margin. 5, male genitalia. 6, female genital chamber particles. 7, dorsal ventral view of male abdomen. Fig. 8. G. cherrici, male genitalia. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 43 and with posteriorly directed lines confined mostly to posterior portion. Head width, 0.49-0.53 mm; total length, 1.19-1.31 mm. Discussion: The male of G. setzeri, by its consistently much smaller dimensions and grossly different genitalic structure, bypasses the other 3 species of Macrogeomys lice in the key of Price and Emerson (1971) and comes out in couplet 32 as G. trichopi Price and Emerson. However, G. trichopi has a much longer submarginal temple seta and larger genitalia with different structure of the parameral arch and sac spination; the female of G. trichopi also differs in a number of important features from that of G. setzeri. The female of G. setzeri is quite close to that of G. costaricensis, keying to that species in couplet 14 or bypassing that possibility at couplet 12 and becoming lost later in the key. The smaller temple width of G. setzeri, the consistent placement of the submarginal temple seta mediad to the 2 marginal setae, and a more pronounced indentation in the anterior margin of the genital chamber sac should separate the females of these 2 species; this combination of characters clearly separates G. setzeri from females of all other known Geomydoecus. Type host: Macrogeomys underwoodi Osgood. Type material (all from type host): Holotype male, Jabillo Pirris, Costa Rica, April 22, 1931, C. F. Underwood; in collection of U.S. National Museum of Natural History. Paratypes: 6 males, 5 females, same data as holotype; 2 males, 3 females, same except April 24, 1931; 1 male, 4 females, San Geronimo Pirris, Costa Rica, May 4, 1931, C. F. Underwood. Geomydoecus cherriei Price, new species fig. 8 Male: Essentially as for G. setzeri, except as follows. Genitalia (fig. 8) much larger, 0.20 mm wide (fig. 5 and 8 drawn to same scale), with apically bifurcate endomeral plate, and sac with only 3 large spines. Larger dimensions: head width, 0.51 mm; total length, 1.48 mm. Female: Unknown. Discussion: The only known Geomydoecus with a broadly bifurcate endomeral plate and rounded parameral arch with a short mediopos- terior projection are G. costaricensis and G. cherriei. However, these 2 species are easily separated by G. cherriei having much larger genitalia (0.20 mm vs 0.14 mm wide), the genital sac with only 3 spines, and an endomeral plate shaped as in fig. 8. Type host: Macrogeomys cherriei (J. A. Allen). Type material: Holotype male, from type host, San Jose, Costa Rica, December, 1922, A. T. Perez; in collection of U.S. National Museum of Natural History. 44 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 REFERENCES Price, R. D., and K. C. Emerson. 1971. A revision of the genus Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) of the New World pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae). J. Med. Entomol. 8:228-257. PAROXYNA MACULIFEMORATA HERING A SYNONYM OF PAROXYNA MURINA (DOANE) (DIPTERA:TEPHRITIDAE) Through the courtesy of Dr. Maurice T. James, Washington State University, I examined the lectotype, a male, of Paroxyna murina (Doane) (1899, J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 7:189, pl. IV, fig. 5) designated by Richard Foote (1966, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 68:123). This specimen proves to be conspecific with the type of Paroxyna maculifemorata Hering (1947, Siruna Seva. 6:6, fig. 2) which I had on loan from the British Museum (Natural History). Hering’s description and wing figure for the male of maculifemorata correspond very well to the characters exhibited by murina. Examination of the type of maculifemorata revealed the specimen to be only in fair condition because of a greasy covering on part of its wings and body which obscured its pollinosity. Foote’s designated lectotype of murina is in good condition and agrees in all the important characters described by Doane. I therefore conclude that Paroxyna maculifemorata Hering, 1947, is a synonym of Paroxyna murina (Doane), 1899. (New synonymy. ) Joun A. Novak, Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, N.Y., 13346. ATRACTOTHRIPS MOCKFORDI, A NEW SPECIES FROM MEXICO (THYSANOPTERA: PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE) Lewis J. STANNARD, JR. Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois 61801 ABSTRACT—Atractothrips mockfordi is described as new from the Terri- tory of Quintana Roo, Mexico, and is compared to A. bradleyi Hood from Florida and Georgia. The following description is of the third recorded species of the genus Atractothrips. It is named in honor of Dr. Edward L. Mockford, a psocopterist, who has discovered many new thrips on his trips throughout the world, particularly in Mexico. Atractothrips mockfordi Stannard, new species fig. 1-3, 6, 7 Female (macropterous): Length distended about 5.5 mm. Bicolored brown and yellow. Brown: head, being darkest on vertex and sides; antennal segments I and II, and terminal ™% of VIII; blotches on anterior portion of prothorax; pterothorax, being darkest along sides; median portion of midfemora, faint edge on outer sides of fore and hind femora; median portion of all tibiae, being lightest in fore tibiae; subapical triangle on all tarsi; mid-transverse line on each wing, being darkest on hind wings; extreme sides of abdominal tergum I; anterior margin of abdominal terga III to VII; blotches on abdominal terga III to VIII, becoming more extensive on each succeeding posterior segment; lateral margins of tergum IX; and X (tube) being reddish brown. Yellow: remainder of body, with antennal segments III to VII and base of VIII clear yellow; light colored areas of legs and abdomen yellow to pale yellow; and body setae generally hyaline. Head, fig. 1, length 0.540 mm, with vertex extended beyond eyes decidedly more than it is in bradleyi. Antennal segment III, fig. 3, length 0.224 mm, longer than it is in bradleyi, fig. 4. Sculpture of head warty with many blunt setae or spines. Mouth cone broadly rounded. Prothorax, fig. 1, hexagonally reticulate anteriorly becoming warty posteriorly, with setae generally well developed, blunt to slightly dilated apically. Mesonotum with a strongly developed lateral toothlike projection anterior to each spiracle. Metanotum with median pair of setae well developed, fig. 7, much larger than those in bradleyi, fig. 8; sides of metanotum strongly bulged, warty. Legs heavily beset with stout, spinelike setae, which are blunt to slightly dilated. Wings relatively slender, fore wings lacking accessory cilia. Pelta broad, reticulate. Abdominal terga II to VI with 1 pair of sigmoidal wing-holding setae and 2 pairs of straight, large setae, lateral and 1 anteriad of each of the sigmoidal setae. Terga III to VIII with median part of subanterior sculpture drawn into a pointed tip, fig. 6, much longer than as in bradleyi, fig. 5, these points becoming shorter on VII and VIII. Tergum IX with posterior 45 46 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Explanation of Figures All Dorsal Aspects Fig. 1-3, Atractothrips mockfordi, 2°, macropterous. 2, right antenna. 3, antennal segment III. 1, head and prothorax. Fig. 4. A. bradleyi, 2 macropterous, antennal segment III, Fig. 5, Atracto- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 AT thrips bradleyi, abdominal tergum III, 2 brachypterous. Fig. 6, A. mockfordi, abdominal tergum III, 2 macropterous. Fig. 7, A. mockfordi, metanotal setae, median pair, 2 macropterous. Fig. 8, A. bradleyi, metanotal setae, median pair, 2 macropterous. setae stout, relatively short and slightly dilated at tips. Tube (segment X) very long, length 1.4 mm, and with terminal setae shorter than tube. Male: Unkown. Holotype: Female; 6.5 km south of Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana Roo, Mexico; March 26, 1964; E. L. Mockford; beating dried leaves, including palm. Deposited in the collections of the Hlinois Natural History Survey, Urbana. This Mexican thrips differs from the Sabalian bradleyi Hood (1938) in having antennal segments III to VI entirely yellow, not touched with brown at their apexes as in bradleyi; in having antennal segment III longer; in having antennal segment VII yellow, not entirely brown as in bradleyi; in having a longer projection of the vertex of the head; in having larger and more prominent setae on the pronotum; in having the median pair of setae of the metanotum longer; in having the median portion of sculpture on the subanterior margin extended 48 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 posteriorly into a longer point on abdominal terga III to VIII; and in having a longer tube. Both species may be adapted to living in dead palm leaves; certainly bradleyi is common in dead palmetto and cabbage palm leaves, and probably mockfordi was beaten from a dead palm leaf when discovered by its collector. Miss Ramona J. Beshear, University of Georgia, has kindly lent me specimens of bradleyi from Cumberland Island, Camden County, Georgia, which she collected on Mariscus on August 9, 1969. These specimens seem to be conspecific with South Floridian topotypes. Because of Miss Beshear’s discovery the known range of bradleyi is extended well into the Lower Coastal Zone of the Southeastern United States, or Sabalian Zone as it is sometimes called (Dice, 1943). The Solomon Islands species, Atractothrips solomoni Mound (1970), has a proportionately shorter tube, shorter than the head, and the intermediate antennal segments are shorter and thicker than they are in the 2 American species. As suggested by Mound in his original analysis, solomoni is so different and distinctive that it might have to be re-assigned to a separate genus. Priesner (1960) places Atractothrips alone in its own subtribe, Atractothripina, of the Megathripinae. REFERENCES Dice, L. R. 1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Univ. Mich. Press, Ann Arbor. 78 pp. Hood, J. D. 1938. A new genus and species of Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera ) from Palmetto. Pro. Biol. Soc. Wash. 51:27-32. Mound, L. A. 1970. Thysanoptera from the Solomon Islands. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomology. 24 (4) :85-126. Priesner, H. 1960. Das System der Tubulifera (Thyanoptera). Anzeig. math.- naturwissenschaft. Kl. Osterreich. Akad. d Wissenschaften. Jahrgang 1960. 13:283-296. ADDITIONAL DATA ON TEPHRITIS UNICOLOR WALKER, 1837, NEWLY REFERRED TO THE GENUS LAMPROXYNELLA HERING (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) GrorcE C. STEYSKAL Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA’ ABSTRACT—Additional specimens from the Tierra del Fuego area, including the previously unknown female, show that Tephritis unicolor should be known as Lamproxynella unicolor (Walker), n. comb., and that L. heliodes (Hendel) and L. fucatella (Hendel), described from Bolivia, were subsequently recorded from Chile erroneously. A series of 16 male and 5 female specimens of the fly that Francis Walker described as Tephritis unicolor from Port Famine, Tierra del Fuego (noting also a specimen from “Purruchuca”) were recently added to the collections of the U. S. National Museum. The flies were collected between 17 April and 10 May 1971 by Oliver S. Flint and Gary S. Hevel in Chile (Magallanes) at Fuerte Bulnes, 55 km SW Punta Arenas and in Argentina (Tierra del Fuego) at Bahia Buen Suceso; Cerrillos, Bahia San Sebastian; and Bahia Blossom, Isla de los Estados (Staten Island). The species was listed under the genus Euribia by Hendel (1914b), but not included in his key to the genus. Malloch (1933) placed the species in Trypanea (recte Trupanea), and Edwards (signed F.W.E. ) in the same place added notes on the type and figure of the wing. It was also catalogued under Malloch’s reference by Stuardo (1946) and Aczéel (1949a). Foote (1964b) gave notes on the type, erro- neously stating that Malloch had seen it. As both Edwards and Foote noted, the type is a male, although Walker said that it is a female. The latest item on the species is its listing under Tephritis in the catalogue by Foote (1967). Apparently the only specimens known in the literature are those mentioned by Walker. Our additional material shows clearly that Tephritis unicolor fits well into the genus Lamproxynella Hering (1941a). The key to genera given by Hering in that work is worded in a misleading manner in regard to the number of scutellar bristles, but the descrip- tions of the genus and its type-species, Euribia heliodes Hendel, 1914, show that the Walker species differs therefrom very little, chiefly in details of the wing pattern. Hering (1942a) also published a key to the species of Lamproxynella, including, besides the type-species, L. fucatella (Hendel), L. euarestina (Hendel), L. bullocki (Malloch), and L. separata (Malloch). Hering’s key includes the species that Mal- *Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. 49 50 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 loch (1933) placed in the part of his key to Group VII of Trypanea for species with 2 pairs of lower orbital bristles (ori). That Malloch included Tephritis unicolor among species with 3 ori may be taken as evidence that he did not actually see the Walker type. There are a few fine setae on the under side of wing vein R,,; between its origin and the anterior crossvein in our specimens. This is a char- acter of Lamproxynella cited by Hering. Malloch, however, in his key attributes to Trypanea unicolor only “one or two weak setulae at extreme base” of R,,;. Our specimens in this respect fit exactly the alternate of the couplet, referring to Trypanea diversa Malloch, but differ in several other ways from that species. In Hering’s key, our specimens agree with L. bullocki (Malloch), the first-cited and only species in the key having long anteroventral bristles on the forefemur. L. bullocki, however, has a quite different wing pattern. Malloch stated in his key with regard to L. unicolor: “front femur ( ¢ ) with externoventral bristles long and widely spaced, the first of the four [my italics] far before middle of femur.” Foote apparently erred in stating that “the first four bristles are far proximad of the middle of the femur” and that they are “at least twice as long as the greatest femoral thickness”. In our specimens, the forefemur in both sexes bears 5 approximately equally spaced ventral bristles, the most basal one of which is very small and the others long, but the longest is only 1.5 times the vertical diameter of the femur. A considerable variation in the wing pattern is to be seen in our series, a few of which, however, are virtually identical with the figure of the type of Tephritis unicolor by Edwards (in Malloch). Others include patterns agreeing with those figured by Malloch for L. heliodes (Hendel) and L. fucatella (Hendel), as well as some that are paler, more reduced, and others that are darker, more extensively patterned. Hendel’s figure of the wing in the original description of L. heliodes differs in some respects from both Malloch’s figure and from our specimens. No figure of an authentic specimen of L. fucatella is available. It may be concluded that Malloch misidentified specimens of L. unicolor variations from Chile as the Bolivian L. fucatella and L. heliodes. In both sexes of our series, there are only 2 strong lateral scutellar bristles and no trace of apicals. There are also only 2 pairs of lower orbital bristles and the upper vertical is small and white. In the female, the ovipositor sheath is flattened, trapezoidal, a little longer than wide, and polished black. The ovipositor tip is awl-shaped. Lamproxynella may eventually be considered a subgenus of either Tephritis or Trupanea. All full references to literature, both for that cited in the above text and in the formal synonymy below, as well as for the genus Lamproxynella, may be found in Foote, R. H., 1967. Family PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 51 Tephritidae. In Vanzolini, P. E., and Papavero, N., eds., A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Dept. Zool., Secr. Agr., Sdo Paulo, fase. 57: 1-91. Lamproxynella unicolor (Walker), n. comb. Tephritis unicolor Walker, 1837: 358; Foote, 1967: 43. Euribia unicolor (Walker), Hendel, 1914b: 67. Trypanea (Trypanea) unicolor (Walker), Malloch, 1933: 295; Aczél, 1949a: Sully Trupanea unicolor (Walker), Stuardo, 1946: 136; Foote, 1964b: 324. Trypanea (Trypanea) fucatella (Hendel), of Malloch, 1933: 294. Trypanea (Trypanea) heliodes (Hendel), of Malloch, 1933: 294. 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A Classification of the Siphonaptera of South America, by Phyllis Cry d (G) TOR Toya el Ae Loy ( Pameem en chee UNS Re Rae eee 10.00 No. 6. The Female Tabanidae of Japan, Korea and Manchuria, by Wallace PS Murdochiand Hirosiakahasi- 196923 es sa ee 12.00 Prices quoted are U. S. currency. Dealers are allowed a discount of 10 per cent on all items. All orders should be placed with the Custodian, Entomological Society of Washington, c/o Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION FOR LOCUSTACARUS TRACHEALIS EWING AND A NEW SPECIES OF LOCUSTACARUS (ACARINA: PODAPOLIPIDAE) FROM NEW ZEALAND Rosert W. Huspanp Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan 49221 ABSTRACT—A lectotype is designated for Locustacarus trachealis Ewing (Acarina: Podapolipidae). A new species, Locustacarus masoni, from New Zealand is illustrated and compared to the lectotype. In a review of the genus Locustacarus by Husband and Sinha (1970), it was pointed out that a holotype of Locustacarus trachealis Ewing 1924 was not designated. A need for the designation of lectotypes has arisen with the discovery of a closely related, unde- scribed species from New Zealand. Lectotypes of L. trachealis are described here. The species from New Zealand is described and compared with the designated lectotypes of Locustacarus trachealis. Lectotype Designation for Locustacarus trachealis: Eight syntypes from a single slide, U.S.N.M. 23773, were remounted on separate slides. A male specimen is designated lectotype and the remaining specimens as listed in Husband and Sinha (1970) are designated paralectotypes. Table 1 gives ranges and measurements of the male, adult female, larviform female and egg. Male: Idiosoma of lectotype 150 w long, 129 » wide. Spine on tibia I 8 u long, curved. Posterior solenidion on tibia I 11 yu in length, slightly thicker than distal solenidia. Aedeagus long, slender, pointed apically, slightly enlarged subapically, extends over the gnathosoma. Larviform female. Palpal setae 7.0 » long; ventral gnathosomal setae more than 1% length of gnathosoma. Adult female. Idiosoma smooth, oval. One pair of legs. Egg. Oval, smooth. Type locality. Riley county, Kansas; collected between August 13, 1914 and August 15, 1915 in the trachea of Hippiscus apiculatus (Harris) and Arphia carinata Scudder (Acrididae), by C. C. Hamilton, L. P. Wehrle, and P. S. Welch. The type slide, U.S.N.M. No. 23773, now contains the single male lectotype. The remaining male, larviform female, adult female and egg syntypes are now on separate slides bearing the same data as slide No. 23773 and are designated as paralectotypes. Locustacarus masoni Husband, new species Male. (Fig. 1, 2). Table 1 gives measurements of the male, adult female, larviform female and egg. Gnathosoma: Longer than wide; dorsal and ventral gnathosomal setae less 52 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 53 Table 1.—Measurements (in ») of Locustacarus trachealis and L. masoni. Character Idiosoma length Idiosoma width Gnathosoma length Gnathosoma width Chelicera length* Leg length? Idiosoma length Idiosoma width Gnathosoma length Gnathosoma width Chelicera length* Aedeagus length Aedeagus width Length Length Length Length Length On 5 ia ak Or 3 3 GE Ole shescye i: Obes: 1SC.e. of s. h. e. Idiosoma_ length Idiosoma width Gnathosoma length Gnathosoma width Chelicera length Opisthosomal seta length Length of s. v. i. Length of s. v. e. Length of Ss. ‘sce. Length of s. h. e. Length Width L. trachealis Range (N'5) 458.0-582.0 394.0-542.0 58.2-58.2 43.8-52.0 21.3-30.6 (CNG) 150.0-156.0 122.5-129.0 27.5-30.6 24.5-30.6 10.6—-12.0 88.0-92.0 6.7-6.7 (N =210) 156.0-199.0 113.0-138.0 33.7-36.7 38.3-39.8 9.2-18.3 @ From point of bifurcation of base of chelicera. > From the center of mesal margin of coxa to apex of pulvillus. ¢ Based on a single specimen, mean values represent the average of left and right setae. 4 Values given by Wehrle and Welch (1925). Mean Adult Female 533.0 473.0 58.2 47.9 24.7 Male 153.0 125.8 29.1 27.6 13 90.0 6.7 31.3° 50.0° 46.5° 73.3° Larviform Female 170.8 126.0 35.7 39.6 13.8 174.2° 30.0° 41.5° nie? 62.0° Egg 163.9°* 119.0° L. masoni Range Mean (N= 10) 265.0-519.0 373.4 224.0—435.0 S27 63.0-72.0 68.6 50.0-62.0 54.9 25.0-30.0 26.9 37.0-51.0 46.9 CN =10) 108.0-—135.0 125.5 103.0-128.0 112.4 25.0—30.0 27.9 23.0-28.0 24.5 10.0-12.0 11.6 60.0-72.0 68.2 7.0-9.0 8.3 40.0-52.0 46.9 44.0-79.0 57.2 40.0-64.0 54.6 77.0-98.0 89.7 50.0-75.0 64.1 CNF=2110)) 118.0-128.0 122.5 96.0-108.0 101.2 30.0-33.0 31.8 31.0-33.0 32.0 19.0-25.0 22.2 166.0—202.0 193.0 25.0-34.0 28.7 30.0-44.0 38.3 62.0-83.0 13.1 47.0-63.0 54.6 (N = 10) 161.0-181.0 172.9 129.0-145.0 136.5 54 PROC. ENTOMOL, SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 1. Locustacarus masoni. Dorsum of male. Setae: S. V. I., verticles internae; S.V.E., verticales externae; S. SC. I., scapulares internae; S. SC. E., scapulares externae; S. H. E., humerales externae; S.D., dorsales. than % width of gnathosoma, pedipalps flattened distally. Chelicerae smooth, about 1% as long as chelicerae of larviform females. Propodosoma: Nearly triangular, 4 pairs of long setae, mean lengths given in Table 1. Metapodosoma: Metapodosomal plate 2 completely fused to plate 1; setae PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 55 Fig. 2. Locustacarus masoni. Venter of male. humerales internae and setae dorsales sub equal, about % length of setae humerales externae; aedeagus emerging from anterior margin and extending free over the propodosoma. Aedeagus long, slender, rounded and _ slightly enlarged apically. Opisthosoma: No plates or setae. Sternum: Coxal plates I and II separated from plate III by an area of non- sclerotized integument. Legs: Length of legs I and III, measured from center of mesal margin of coxa to distal margin of pulvillus, about *4 length of idiosoma; legs II about 4/5 length of idiosoma. Tibia I spine 4 uw long, not curved; posterior solenidion on tibia I with mean length of 7.6 uw, about the same diameter as distal solenidia. Single claw on leg I; 7 setae, including spines on tarsus I, 6 setae on tibia I. Female. Similar to Locustacarus trachealis. 56 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 3. Locustacarus masoni. Dorsum of larviform female. Setae: S. SA., sacrales; OP. S., opisthosomal. Gnathosoma: Longer than wide, smooth, lightly sclerotized. Chelicerae smooth, bifurcated at proximal margins. Pedipalps not apparent. Stigmata at anterolateral margins of gnathosoma, round, lightly sclerotized, inconspicuous. Idiosoma: Adult females 3 to 4 times the length of larviform females, nearly spherical to oval, (with 0-11 eggs), smooth surface, with part or all of the exoskeleton of the larviform female usually remaining attached to surface. Legs: One pair of legs, tarsus with single stout spine; leg II represented by coxal plate only. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 57 Fig. 4. Locustacarus masoni. Venter of larviform female. Larviform Female. (fig. 3, 4) Gnathosoma: Nearly as long as wide. Ventral gnathosomal setae less than ¥% the width of the gnathosoma: dorsal gnathosomal setae about equal to width of gnathosoma, pedipalps reduced, pedipalpal setae 3 » long; chelicerae smooth, moderately developed. Propodosoma: Hemicircular, 3 pairs of long setae. Metapodosoma: Anterior margin of plate 2 fused to posterior margin of plate 1. Setae humerales internae and setae dorsales long, nearly equal; setae humerales externae nearly 3 times length of setae humerales internae. Opisthosoma: Plate I broader than long, setae sacrales about 4% width of 58 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 plate; plate II small, with 2 opisthosomal setae which are distinctly longer than idiosoma. Sternum: Coxal plates I and II separated from plate III by non-sclerotized integument; plate III fused, setae about /% length of plate. Legs: Similar to legs of male in number of setae. No tibial setae modified as spines; leg I with 2 claws, dorsal setae on femur I and tibia I shorter than in the male, tarsus I with single ventral spine; tarsi IJ and III with 2 terminal spines. Egg. Oval, length of egg of L. masoni intermediate between length of eggs of L. trachealis and L. buchneri. Width of egg of L. masoni larger than L. buchneri. Holotype: ¢, Porter Heights, Canterbury, New Zealand, April 1970; from trachea of a male Brachaspis nivalis (Hutton) (Acrididae), collected by P. Mason. Deposited in the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Entomology Division, Nelson, New Zealand. Paratypes: Larviform 22, 64, @2@. Several paratypes of each stage will be deposited in the DSIR, Entomology Division, Nelson, New Zealand. The remain- ing material will be at Adrian College, Adrian, Michigan. Additional paratypes were collected from the following hosts by P. Mason: May 1968, adult 9 Paprides nitidus Hutton, Porter Heights; July 1968, adult 2 P. nitidus, Amuri Ski Field; October 1969, adult @ P. nitidus, Porter Heights; April 1970, adult 6 Sigaus australis (Hutton), Porter Heights. All of the sites are alpine areas in Canterbury, New Zealand. Ramsay (personal communication, 1972) has found Locustacarus masoni associated with the following hosts: 22 Feb. 1970, Armstrong Saddle, from tube with Sigaus piliferus and Zealandosandras; 22 Oct. 1969, Waiau River west of Hammer in adult female Paprides nitidis; 29 Mar. 1970, Mt. Patriarch, in adult male and female Brachaspis collinus and 5 Dec. 1970, Mt. Robert, in adult female B. collinus. The species is named for Paul Mason in tribute to his discovery of the species and his work on L. masoni in the field and the labo- ratory. Discussion oF Locustacarus trachealis ANd L. masoni Only 2 tracheal mites of grasshoppers are known. These are L. trachealis and L. masoni. Locustacarus trachealis is reported from 5 species of acridid grass- hoppers in Kansas and Africa. Locusta migratoria, a host of L. trache- alis, occurs in Africa as well as New Zealand. Ramsay collected L. tra- chealis from an adult male L. migratoria in Wairoa Gorge near Nelson, New Zealand on 22-23 April, 1970. He collected Podapolipoides grassii from the same specimen and has additional P. grassii and L. trachealis from several L. migratoria collected near Nelson, New Zealand. These records are the first records of Locustacarus trachealis outside Africa and the United States. Repeated attempts to collect L. trachealis in the United States since 1915 have been unsuccessful. The biology of L. trachealis is discussed by Wehrle and Welch (1925) and by PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 59 Harris (1940). Locustacarus trachealis is associated with grass- hoppers in temperate and tropical grasslands. Locustacarus masoni occurs in trachea of 5 species of acridid grass- hoppers throughout the snow-free season in alpine regions of New Zealand. The biology of L. masoni is discussed by Mason (in press ). The male, larviform female and adult female of L. masoni are approximately % the size of the corresponding stages L. trachealis. In the male of L. masoni, the aedeagus is shorter, broader and more rounded apically than the aedeagus of L. trachealis. The spines on tibiae I, II, and III in L. masoni are % the size of the corresponding spines in L. trachealis. All propodosomal setae are longer in L. masoni than in L. trachealis. Opisthosomal plate I of the larviform female of L. masoni is usually broader than long, whereas in L. trachealis opisthosomal plate I is nearly square. Pedipalpal setae of L. masoni are % the length of pedipalpal setae of L. trachealis, and the ventral gnathosomal setae in L. masoni are less than % the width of the gnathosoma. In L. trachealis, ventral gnathosomal setae are longer than % the width of the gnathosoma. While adult females of L. masoni are smaller than adult females of L. trachealis, the gnathosomas of L. masoni are larger. The eggs of L. masoni, in contrast to other stages, are larger than the eggs of L. trachealis. The data collected by Ramsay and Mason are the most extensive yet presented for Locustacarus. It is quite likely that Locustacarus will be found throughout the world where grasshoppers are found. Additional data must be collected before hypotheses can be proposed about the relationships of species of Locustacarus to each other and to other Podapolipidae. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I thank Dr. Paul Mason for specimens of L. masoni and comments on the species, Dr. G. W. Ramsey for advice on New Zealand Locustacarus sp., Dr. Edward Baker for loan of Locustacarus trachealis from the National Museum of Natural History, Dr. Irving Cantrall for advice on Orthoptera and Dr. Preston Hunter for advice and review of the manuscript. The study was completed at the University of Georgia while on sabbatical leave from Adrian College. REFERENCES Ewing, H. E. 1924. New tarsonemid mites (Order Acarina, family Tarsonemi- dae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 26:66-69. Harris, W. V. 1940. The locust tracheal mite. East Afr. Agr. J. 6:43-4. Husband, R. W. and R. N. Sinha. 1970. A revision of the genus Locustacarus with a key to genera of the family Podapolipidae (Acarina). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 63:1152-1162. Wehrle, L. P. and P. S. Welch. 1925. The occurrence of mites in the tracheal system of certain Orthoptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 18:35—44. THE GENUS SKELOSYZYGONIA MALAISE (HYMENOPTERA: PERGIDAE)* Haroup N. GREENBAUM Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 ABSTRACT—tThe genus Skelosyzygonia Malaise is removed from the subfamily Paralypiinae of the Pergidae and placed in the subfamily Lobocerinae. The type- species, S. spinipes Malaise, is redescribed; a new species, S. simpliciea, is de- scribed; and a key to separate the species is provided. Only males of Skelosyzy- gonia are known. The genus Skelosyzygonia Malaise (1935) is one of several ques- tionably placed genera in the family Pergidae. It is characterized by enlarged, elongate, “raptorial” hind legs (fig. 1). Malaise (1935) de- scribed the genus from 2 males representing 1 species, and placed it in the Cimbicidae. Skelosyzygonia resembles the Cimbicidae in general habitus, but it lacks the radial crossvein in the fore wing, and is thus in the Pergidae. Benson (1938) placed Skelosyzygonia in the subfamily Paralypiinae of the Pergidae. He apparently did not examine specimens, for the paratype of S. spinipes lacks a pre-apical tibial spur on the hind tibia, and has a long pre-apical spine on the mid-tibia, and thus keys to the Lobocerinae in Benson’s key to the subfamilies of the Pergidae. How- ever, it does not resemble any known genera of the Lobocerinae. Recently, a male of a second species of Skelosyzygonia was among material sent to David R. Smith (ARS, USDA, Washington, D. C.) from the Los Angeles County Museum. This specimen resembles the Lobocerinae more than does S. spinipes; thus, Skelosyzygonia may more properly be placed in the Lobocerinae at the present time. Skelosyzygonia appears to be closely related to Loboceros Kirby, but it is retained as a distinct genus due to the enlarged hind legs. There are 2 species in the genus, S. spinipes Malaise and a new spe- cies, S. simplicica, and both are known only from males. Skelosyzygonia Malaise Skelosyzygonia Malaise, 1935, Entomol. Tidskr. 56:161. Type-species: Skelosyzygonia spinipes Malaise. Orig. desig. and monotypic. The genus Skelosyzygonia (males) may be characterized as follows: Body shiny, impunctate. Head broader than high, 74 as wide as thorax, broader than long from above; postocular area narrowed behind compound eyes; postocellar area distinct and elevated; clypeus truncate, labrum rounded; antennae 7-seg- * Fla. Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 4807. 60 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 61 mented. Prepectus present as narrow upturned flange. Abdomen short, broad, subequal in length to thorax. Tarsal claws simple; hind basitarsus subequal to remaining tarsal segments combined; hind legs greatly enlarged, “raptorial” (fig. 1); hind femora grooved beneath to receive hind tibiae; hind tibiae curved basally and twisted somewhat to allow a close fit with femora when in repose. First abscissa of Rs present; first submarginal cell small, less than % as long as third, second twice as long as third; radial cell closed in fore wings and hind wings (fig. 3). Malaise’s (1935) description of the genus holds for both S. spinipes and the new species except for the narrow but nonlinear malar space and the spines on the hind femora (fig. 2), which are specific char- acters for S. spinipes. Skelosyzygonia has been recorded only from South America and may be restricted to that continent. Conde’s record (1939) of S. spinipes from Texas must be questioned, although an individual may have been introduced and subsequently collected. Key to males of Skelosyzygonia Malaise 1. Hind femora with 2 outer and 2 inner spines on ventral surface (fig. 2); hind tibiae strongly curved basally and twisted; antennae clavate (fig. 5); thorax orange; head, abdomen and hind legs beyond extreme base of femora metallic bluish black; wings entirely infuscated brown; hypan- drium tapered, narrowly rounded apically (fig. 7); Brazil —— — Hind femora simple, with no spines (fig. 1); hind tibiae moderately curved basally, not strongly twisted; antennae subfiliform (fig. 4); body yellow; dorsum of head, mesoscutum, and tip of abdomen black; wings infuscated amber-yellow, black on apical 4 of fore wings; hypandrium broadly rounded apically (fig. 6); Peru Skelosyzygonia simplicica Greenbaum, new species fig 3. 4. 6.8,.9 Female: unknown Male: length, 9.6 mm. Body mostly yellow. Head black above level of antennae; antenna black beyond scape. Thorax yellow with posterior angles of mesoprescutum and mesoscutum black. Eighth abdominal segment and hypandrium black; dorsum of abdomen and median portion of basal plates infuscated brown, more pronounced along posterior margins of segments. Fore and middle tarsi brownish; hind tibiae and tarsi black. Wings amber-yellow with apices and bases of vein R in fore wings black. Compound eyes straight on inner margins; ocellar basin indistinct; antennae (fig. 4) filiform with first flagellar segment shorter than following 2 combined, apical 4 flagellar segments subequal in length, and apical segment with sensory cup at apex; malar space linear. Mesoscutellum triangular from above, carinate on posterior margin. Hind legs (fig. 1) large, elongate; hind coxae shorter than abdomen; with longitudinal outer depression; hind femora dilated on 62, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 1-2. Hind leg. 1, Skelosyzygonia simplicica (tarsi not included). 2 S. spinipes. Fig. 3a & b. Fore and hind wings, S. simplicica. Fig. 4-5. Antenna. > PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 63 Fig. 10, 11. Male genitalia. 10, Genital capsule, S. spinipes. 11, Penis valve, S. spinipes. inner and outer sides but without spines or projections, as long as abdomen; hind tibiae moderately curved, rounded in cross-section, not strongly twisted; hind basitarsi without grooves. Radio-medial crossveins of hind wing strongly divergent (fig. 3a). Hypandrium broadly rounded (fig. 6). Genitalia as in fig. 8-9: penis valve (fig. 9) with virga expanded dorsally, large curved carina in posterodorsal corner, basal shelf projecting dorsally, and stem short, thick, angled near base and tapering toward apex. Holotype; Male; Pucallpa, 200 m, Loreto, Peru; April 1-9, 1965; coll. J. Schunke. Deposited in the Los Angeles County Museum. Host, larva: unknown. Discussion: This species is known from only the type specimen. The color, characteristics of the antennae and hind legs, and the shape of the hypandrium and penis valve may be readily used to separate the males of S. simplicica from S. spinipes. < 4, S. simplicica. 5, S. spinipes. Fig. 6-7. Hypandrium. 6, S. simplicica. 7, S. spinipes. Fig. 8-9. Male genitalia. 8, Genital capsule, S. simplicica. 9, Penis valve, S. simplicica. 64 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Skelosyzygonia spinipes Malaise fig. 2, 5, 7, 10, 11 Skelosyzygonia spinipes Malaise, 1935, Entomol. Tidskr. 56:162 @; Conde, 1939, Deut. Entomol. Ges. Mit. 9:49. Female: unknown. Male: length, 11.5 mm. Head, abdomen beyond basal plates, basal % of hind coxae, hind tibiae except extreme base, and hind tarsi metallic bluish black. Antennae, apices of fore and middle tibiae and tarsi black. Otherwise orange with legs yellow. Wings entirely infuscated brown, darker on basal % of fore wings; veins brown with axillary sclerites yellow. Compound eyes weakly emarginate along inner margins; ocellar basin mod- erately distinct; antennae (fig. 5) clavate with first flagellar segment subequal to following 2 segments combined, second longer than third, third and fourth subequal in length, and fifth (apical segment) as long as first flagellar segment and bearing large sensory cup at apex; malar space narrow but not linear. Mesoscutellum broadly triangular from above, rounded at apex, lacking carina. Hind legs (fig. 2) large, elongate; hind coxae subequal in length to abdomen; with distinct grooves on outer sides, hind femora dilated on inner and outer sides, with 2 short, simple inner spines at each end, 2 large, outer spines—apical spine bearing large basal tooth and basal spine sometimes bearing small basal tooth, and small outer tooth between outer spines; inner and outer spines opposing each other form brace for holding hind tibiae when in repose; hind tibiae strongly curved basally and appearing twisted at apices, crescent-shaped in cross-section at the bases, oval in cross-section near apices; hind basitarsi widely grooved on inner and outer surfaces. Radio-medial crossveins of hind wing subparallel. Hypandrium broad, tapered toward apex, narrowly rounded at apex (fig. 7). Genitalia as in fig. 10-11: penis valve (fig. 11) with virga subrectangular, protruding apically forming 4 lobes, short projection from mid-dorsal surface of virga directed dorso-apically, ventro-lateral carina extending obliquely from base of virga to ventral-most apical lobe, basal shelf large, curved, projecting ventrally, and stem long, straight, tapered toward apex. Holotype: Male; Province of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); border of Minas Gerais; Fr. Wiengreen; 1.X1.1894. Located in the Zoological Museum, Hamburg, Germany. Paratype: Male; same data as for holotype. Located at the Entomologiska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. Additional records: BRAZIL: Sao Paulo, Jabaquara; 14.XI.41; Coll. H. Zellibor (2 specimens, Entomol. Riksmuseet); Nova Friburgo, Est. Rio de Jan., 900 m.: 10-30. I. 46; Coll. P. Wygodzinsky (2 specimens, Entomol. Riksmuseet). Host, larva: unknown. Discussion: This species is known only from the types, both col- lected in the Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and 4 additional specimens. Conde (1939) reported a specimen from Texas, but this is doubtful as the subfamily Lobocerinae is known from only Mexico, and Central and South America. The characters listed under S. simplicica will readily separate the males. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 65 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to thank David R. Smith, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.; Per Inge Persson, Entomologiska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Roy Snelling, Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, California, who made this revision possible. REFERENCES Benson, R. B. 1938. On the classification of sawflies (Hymenoptera Sym- phyta). Trans. Roy. Entomol. Soc. London. 87(15):353-384. Conde, O. 1939. in Sitzungsberichte. Deut. Entomol. Ges. Mit. 9:49. Malaise, R. 1935. New genera of Tenthredinoidea and their genotypes. Entomol. Tidskr. 56: 160-178. THE GENUS PHLOEOMYZUS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF P. DEARBORNI N. SP. FROM POPULUS TREMULOIDES MICHX.’ (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) CiyvE F. SmirH North Carolina State University at Raleigh, North Carolina 27607 ABSTRACT—The genus Phloeomyzus has Populus spp. as its host and is known world-wide. A key is given to apterous viviparae, alate oviparae, and alate males of the 2 known species. Alate oviparae, apterous viviparae, and alate males of Phloeomyzus dearborni are described. The genus Phloeomyzus is world-wide, having been reported from Africa, Central Asia, England, Europe, North America, Russia, and South America. In Europe, especially in Italy, it is often quite in- jurious to Populus spp. The only published record I have been able to find of Phloeomyzus in North America is one by Boerner (1926: 238) where he lists Phloeomyzus passerinii Signoret. Louise M. Russell was unable to find specimens of Phloeomyzus from North America in the collection of the United States National Museum of Natural History. Ellen MacGillivray, Fredericton, Canada, loaned me specimens which had been collected in Canada. Signoret (1875: CCII) described Schizoneura passerinii from pop- lar. Lichtenstein (1886: 37) placed passerinii in a new genus, Loewia. Horvath (1896: 5) called attention to the fact that Loewia had been used as a generic name in Diptera and proposed the gene- ric name Phloeomyzus for passerinii Signoret. Three additional species have been placed in the genus Phloeomy- zus. Hille Ris Lambers (1931: 29) described Phloeomyzus redelei from Populus nigra L. Boerner and Schilder (1932: 634) listed Phloeomyzus dubius Boerner from Populus nigra. (I have been un- able to locate an earlier reference to P. dubius, therefore, this may be a nomen nudum.) Roberti (1939: 140) listed P. dubius as a synonym of P. passerinii. Boerner (1952: 182) listed P. dubius as a synonym of redelei. Doom and Hille Ris Lambers (1962) stated “There are two species of Phloeomyzus which morphologically are as yet indistinguishable, namely P. passerinii (Signoret) and P. redelei H.R.L., the former on white poplar (Populus alba L.) and the latter on black poplar (P. nigra L.).’ Signoret (1875) did not indicate the species of poplar from which he described P. passerinii. Hill Ris Lambers (1972) ‘Paper number 3917 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina State Uni- versity Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, N. C. Accepted for publication 31 January, 1973. 66 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 67 stated, “I do not consider P. redelei H.R.L. different from P. passerinii. I changed my opinion after I learned that the species attacks not only various hybrids of Populus nigra, but also P. laurifolia and P. ciliata.” Shinji (1924: 343) described Phloeomyzus konarae from Quercus glandulifera Bl. Takahashi (1960: 10) erected a new genus Diphylla- phis with Phloeomyzus konarae Shinji as the type-species. The genus Phloeomyzus feeds in the cracks and crevices on the trunk and larger limbs of Populus spp. None of the morphs have secondary rhinaria. Males and oviparous females have wings and functional mouthparts. Each oviparous female deposits 2 eggs. Keys to Phloeomyzus Apterous viviparae’ * [Ae Rostralgsecmentsm lve Ven al O01), 4 ee eee ek fa es > RS Se ee P. passerinii (Signoret ) R aT WES (Op ODOT ee Sek ie as Ne a ae EU P. dearborni Smith ME aT f= NSC) SDA (DT ye eke a P. passerinii (Signoret ) Alate males 1. RIV + V, 0.15-0.17; forewings small, 0.8, distinctly shorter than body, media and cubitus absent, not similar to wings of alate oviparae (fig. 1, BY a Aad A I a OI EOE 0) a a a P. dearborni Smith — RIV 4 V, 0.11-0.13; forewings larger, 1.4, longer than body, media and cubitus distinct, similar to wings of alate oviparae (fig. 3, 4) oa tk I Le ee ae P. passerinii (Signoret ) Phloeomyzus dearborni Smith, new species* figs 12 Alate Oviparae (fig. 1): Head dark, without wax plates. Eyes compound. Antennae dark without secondary rhinaria. Setae small, sparse, inconspicuous. Thorax dark, without wax plates. Rostrum attaining middle of abdomen. Rostral segment IV + V usually with 2 to 4 inconspicuous accessory setae. Wing veins with fuscous boarders, venation variable, radius present or absent, * Hille Ris Lambers (1972) reported “Your specimens are larger than European apterae in my collection. But the Pakistan material from Populus has a wider variation in size and the two largest specimens are nearly as large as your apterae. One of these large Pakistani apterae has a last rostral segment of 0.20.” *Named in honor of R. G. Dearborn, Survey Entomologist, Augusta, Maine, who first called this species to my attention and furnished specimens and notes for use in preparation of this paper. * All measurements are in millimeters. 68 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 ha = oe Fig. 1. Phloeomyzus dearborni, alate ovipara, 42%. Monroe, Maine, Sep- tember 14, 1970. media usually branched once, but sometimes branched twice. Hind wing usually with faint media and cubitus. Legs dusky, uniform in color. Tarsal chaetotaxy usually 3-3-3. Setae on tarsomere I usually 2 long plus center 1 which is shorter and somewhat peglike. Abdomen pale. Siphunculi porelike, sometimes slightly raised. Large wax plates on each side of the abdomen on abdominal segment VII. Cauda semilunar and bearing about 10 setae. Measurements' of holotype. Body 1.95. Width of head 0.37. Length of antennal segment II, 0.07; III, 0.16; IV, 0.095; V, 0.14; VI, 0.14 + 0.02. Rostral segment IV + V, 0.20. Hind tibia 0.54. Hind tarsomere II, 0.13. Principal diagnostic characters: antennae without secondary rhinaria; Rostral segment IV + V, 0.18-0.20 (which is 9 to 10 times length of processus terminalis ). Apterous Viviparae: Head pale except areas around eyes which consist of 3 to 5 ommatidia. Antennae dark. Setae sparse, inconspicuous. Rostrum attaining middle of abdomen. Rostral segment IV + V with 2 inconspicuous, accessory setae. Thorax pale. Legs uniformly dark. Tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3-3. Abdomen pale with large wax plates on each side of the abdomen on segment VI. Siphunculi small, porelike. Cauda semilunar with about 8 setae. Measurements of 1 specimen. Body 2.15. Width of head 0.47. Antennal seg- ment 11,0107; TIL 0:10; IV, 01075; V, On Vig 02) == 002s Rhy; + V, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 69 eel . Fig. 2. Phloeomyzus dearborni, alate male, 42. Monroe, Maine, August 23, 1971. 0.20. Hind tibia 0.43. Hind tarsomere II, 0.12. Setae on tarsomere I all re- latively short and about the same length. Principal diagnostic character: Long R IV + V, 0.19 to 0.24 (which is 9 to 10 times length of processus terminalis ). Alate Males (fig. 2): Head dark. Eyes compound. Antennae dark, 6-segmented, with small inconspicuous scattered setae, without secondary rhinaria. Thorax dark, without wax plates. Wings small, without veins or with very faint indication of partial media or cubitus. Legs uniformly dark. Tarsal chaetotaxy 3-3-3, all setae small and approximately same length. Rostrum nearly attaining siphunculi. Rostral segment IV + V with 2 accessory setae. Abdomen pale. Siphunculi conspicuous, slightly raised pores. Wax plates not discernible on available specimens. Cauda semilunar with about 4 setae. Principal diagnostic characters. Antennae without secondary rhinaria. Wings without distinct media and cubitus. Measurements of 1 specimen. Body 1.3. Width of head 0.35. Antennal segment II, 0.06; III, 0.12; IV, 0.10; V, 0.10; VI, 0.10 + 0.015. Rostral segment IV + V, 0.16. Hind tibia 0.44. Hind tarsomere II, 0.13. Forewing 0.8. Types: Holotype in United States National Museum and bearing the following data. “Holotype, Monroe, Maine, 9-14-70, R. G. Dear- born, 70-B85 Populus tremuloides. Phloeomyzus dearborni Smith, Det. C. F. Smith.” Paratypes in the collection of the U. S. National 70 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 ss Se i Sree A aa Mi xd ASE ES Fig. 3. Phloeomyzus passerinii, alate ovipara, 42. Casale, Italy, September 1961. Museum, British Museum (N. H.), Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, North Carolina State University at Raleigh, D. Hille Ris Lambers, Bennekom, R. G. Dearborn, and in my collection. Type Locality: Monroe, Maine. Collections: Collections (type series) on Populus tremuloides at Monroe, Maine, U. S. A., September 14, 1970 and August 23, 1971 by R. G. Dearborn; on Populus sp., Canada, July 17, 1950 by N. R. Brown. Biology: Aphids of the genus Phloeomyzus live in the cracks and crevices of bark and cancerous growths on the trunks and limbs of Populus spp. Limbs and/or trees may die following a heavy infes- tation. Doom and Hille Ris Lambers (1962) indicated eggs of Phloeomy- zus redelei H.R.L. were deposited on Populus nigra, but they did not find the stem mothers or the males. Theobald (1929) recognized the alate ovipara of P. passerinii as having “two ova in each”, as is the case with redelei H.R.L. (Doom and Hille Ris Lambers 1962: 202). Theobald (1929: 270) also in- dicated the male was alate and had wing venation similar to the alate ovipara. This was verified by Victor Eastop of the British Mu- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Wal Fig. 4. Phloeomyzus passerinii, alate male, 42x. Casale, Italy, August 25, 1962. seum (N.H.) who examined the specimens studied by Theobald. Also, I have males of P. passerinii from Italy and the venation is similar to the alate oviparae. From collection records and notes by R. G. Dearborn, it appears that P. dearborni is confined to Populus tremuloides. Collections were made during 1970 and 1971, and the morphs collected were apterous viviparae, nymphs, alate oviparae and alate males. Mr. Dearborn sent me the following observations: “At your suggestion we just recently revisited the area infested by Phloeomyzus and were able to collect about 30 winged forms. We also noted what appear to be syrphid fly larvae feeding on the aphids in the wool. The infestation is still very small (only 15-20 trees affected) but seems to have enlarged by about 5 trees since this spring. At the time we checked it we noticed that trees infested in 1970 seem to have died and others which are now heavily infested are dying back from the top. This seems rather quick for infested trees to succumb but this is the situation as we see it...” “The infestation is a very interesting one. Besides being very lo- calized (We thoroughly checked trees in the surrounding area and 72, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 found no aphids.), it is remote and not in a prominent topographical location. The trees set on a slope about 30-50 feet back from the road behind a screen of conifers and other hardwood trees and sap- lings. The area involved contains only a native mixture of species of trees which are being managed for pulp and timber production and no plantations occur within several miles of the stand as far as we know. The infested trees are mostly small (est. 3-8” DBH) and the aphids are concentrated in the lower %-%% of the bole. Although the aphids seem to favor the South side of the tree, they eventually cover all sides in patches.” ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I greatly appreciate the loan of European specimens from the USNM, arranged by Louise M. Russell, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture; the loan of specimens from Canada by Ellen MacGillivray; and the gift of specimens from Dr. G. Arru, Casali, Italy. I also appreciate the information from Victor F. Eastop of the British Museum (N. H.) concerning the specimens studied by Theobald, and the information and opinions from D. Hille Ris Lambers, Bennekom, Netherlands. REFERENCES Boerner, C. 1926. Ziichtung der Homopteren. In Abderhalden’s Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden. 9:215-270. 1952. Europae centralis Aphides. Die Blattlause Mitteleuropas. Namen, Synonyme, Wirtspflanzen, Generationszyklen. Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ges. 3:1-488. Boerner, C. and F. A. Schilder. 1932. Aphidoidea, Blattlause. In Sorauer’s Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. 5(2):551-673; Figs. 273-356. Doom, D., and D. Hille Ris Lambers. 1962. Over het massaal voorkomen van de schimmelluis Phloeomyzus redelei H.R.L. op populieren in 1961 in Nederland. Ned. Bosb. Tijdschr. 34:202-208. Hille Ris Lambers, D. 1931. Notes on the Aphididae of Venezia Tridentina, with descriptions of new species. Part II. Mem. Mus. Storia Natur. Venezia Tridentina. 1:29-38. 1972. Personal communication. Horvath, G. 1896. Eine alte und drei neue Aphiden-Gattungen. Wiener Entomol. Z. 15:1-7. Lichtenstein, J. 1886. Monographie des Pucerons du Peuplier. Montpellier, Imprimerie Centrale du Midi (Hamelin Fréres ). 1886: 1-42. Roberti, D. 1939. Contributi alla conoscenza degli afidi d‘Italia. II. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Portici. 31:137—157. Shinji, O. 1924. New aphids from Morioka. Dob. Zasshi. 36:343-372. Signoret, V. 1875. Donne la description d‘un Aphidien nouveau auquel il assigne le nom de Schizoneura passerinii, sp. nov. Ann. Soc. Entomol. France. (5) 5:CCII-CCIV. Takahashi, R. 1960. Three new genera closely related to Phyllaphis in Japan (Aphididae, Homoptera). Kontyi. 28:10-15. Theobald, F. V. 1929. The plant lice or Aphididae of Great Britain. Headley Brothers, London 3:i-vi; 1-364; Figs. 1-213. A NEW SPECIES OF PECHALIUS CASEY FROM NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) CuHaArRLES A. TRIPLEHORN Department of Entomology, 1735 Neil Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ABSTRACT—Pechalius bradleyi, n. sp. from New Mexico and Arizona, is described and a key is presented for the identification of the 5 known species in the genus Pechalius Casey. Since Casey’s revision of the North American components of the Tentyriinae (Casey, 1907), little work had been done on the Epi- tragini until Freude (1967, 1968) published his “Revision der Epi- tragini”. In the present paper, I wish to call attention to a species of Pechalius overlooked by both Casey and Freude and to present a key modified from both of those authors to include it. Key to species of Pechalius ine dups#o£ selytrasimple, -acuminate \(fig. 1) 2 eS 2 — Tips of elytra more or less truncate, with subapical denticles (fig. 3) One bluntyprotuberenGes a hiey so ee wt 8 ow he 3 2. Lateral margins of pronotum bisinuate, the angles acute and prominent (fig. 4); segments 1-3 of metatarsus with sparse, short, stiff setae Seneca thn eee te es Pune OR OTR oe i al ew bradleyi Triplehorn — Lateral margins of pronotum distinctly arcuate, especially in anterior 44, angles not prominent (fig. 5); segments 1-3 of metatarsus with dense pads of pale pubescence beneath —__._______________- pilosus (Champion ) 3. Each elytron with acute subapical denticle (fig. 3); dorsal pubescence IMP GISHMCEE ACCES ee ene eee, Seen Meee ee dentiger (Horn) — Each elytron with marginal bead thickened and slightly reflexed just before attaining apex and terminating abruptly so that extreme elytral apex appears depressed (fig. 2); dorsal pubescence more uniformly dis- tributed, at most somewhat in longitudinal stripes — 4 4, Segments 1-3 of metatarsus with sparse, short, stiff setae beneath; dorsal pubescence usually forming longitudinal stripes —-.. a SON TE oon cate MUTE RSE RA doe Mochi rot i IR subvittatus Casey — Segments 1-3 of metatarsus with dense pads of pale pubescence beneath; dorsal pubescence uniformly distributed —--. vestitus (Casey) Pechalius bradleyi Triplehorn, new species fig. 1, 4 Holotype: Sex undetermined. Elongate-oval, dark brown, distinctly pubescent, feebly shining. Head with epistomal margin broadly triangular, lateral lobes not prominent, surface convex from eye to eye, coarsely and densely punctured, punctures closer together laterally and anteriorly, a conspicuous, appressed 73 74 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 1-3. Elytral apex of Pechalius bradleyi (1), P. vestitus and P. dentiger (3). Fig. 4, 5, Dorsal view of pronotum of P. bradleyi ae and P. pilosus (5). silvery seta arising from each puncture; eyes large, finely faceted, slightly-convex; antennae short, extending posteriorly only slightly beyond middle of pronotum. Pronotum (fig. 4) broader than long, lateral margins bisinuate; apical margin broadly emarginate, apical angles acute and prominent; basal margin strongly bisinuate with conspicuous median lobe, basal angles acute; surface convex, punctation similar to that of head, punctures much coarser and more closely spaced laterally and apically and each bearing a conspicuous silvery seta, setae longer on lateral 4% of pronotum, a narrow but distinct median longitudinal impunctate line present. Elytra strongly wrinkled both longitudinally and laterally, coarsely, irregularly and uniformly punctured with slight suggestion of serial arrangement on either side of suture, each puncture bearing conspicuous, appressed, silvery seta; elytral apex simply narrowly rounded, without denticles or protuberences. Ventral surface of pronotum and prosternum coarsely and confluently punctured; prosternal process practically smooth medially, all punctures bearing silvery setae; mesosternum strongly U-shaped, receiving apex of prosternal process; remainder of ventral surface finely and densely punctate, silvery pubescence conspicuous, especially on abdominal sterna. Legs coarsely and densely punctured, pubescent; plantar surfaces of protarsi and mesotarsi clothed with dense pads of golden setae; plantar surfaces of metatarsi with coarse, uneven setae only. Length: 10.6 mm; width: 4.9 mm. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 15 Variation: The entire type series is very uniform in regard to the characters mentioned in the above description. Measurements: Length: 9.9-11.4 mm; width: 4.5-5.4 mm. Types: Holotype and 11 paratypes: Catron Co., New Mexico, 10 mi. N of Apache Creek, August, 1972, B. A. Triplehorn; 1 paratype, Apache County, Arizona, 5 mi. SE of Springerville (7500 ft.), 15 September, 1950, W. Gertsch, M. Cazier. Holotype and paratypes in The Ohio State University Collection of Insects and Spiders, para- types in United States National Museum and American Museum of Natural History. I take pleasure in naming this species in honor of my son, Bradley A. Triplehorn, who collected all but 1 of the known specimens. He informed me that all the specimens were found under chips and small pieces of wood around several large, long-dead, fallen logs. Remarks: The shape of the pronotum and wrinkled elytra are sufficient to separate bradleyi from the other 4 known species of Pechalius. This species has an unmodified elytral apex similar to that of pilosus but I believe its affinities lie more closely with sub- vittatus with which it shares the character of coarse plantar setae on the metatarsi. In fresh specimens, it is often difficult to see the character of the elytral apex because of the dense pubescence. In subvittatus the setae frequently form pointed tufts which, in the past, have been mistakenly identified as “teeth”. The only species in which distinct, pointed denticles appear is dentiger. I have seen large series of swhvittatus from the Davis Mountains, Texas. All of the specimens of dentiger I have seen were from south- eastern Arizona mountains (Santa Rita, Patagonia, Baboquivari, and Tucson) and Sonoyta, Sonora, Mexico. Three specimens of vestitus were seen, all from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. I can now record pilosus from as far north as Le Pesca in Tamaulipas, Mexico; it has previously been reported from Tampico and Vera Cruz. I wish to thank Mr. T. J. Spilman of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for the loan of specimens of P. pilosus and vesti- tus determined by Freude and for helpful suggestions in the prepara- tion of this paper. I have incorporated several of the suggestions made by Dr. Donald J. Borror, a master at preparing keys and gen- eral editing, whose help is gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES Casey, T. L. 1907. A revision of the American components of the tenebrionid subfamily Tentyriinae. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 9:275-522. Freude, H. 1967. Revision der Epitragini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Teil I. Entomol. Arb. Mus. Frey. 1967:137-—307. . 1968. Revision der Epitragini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Teil II (Schluss). Entomol. Arb. Mus. Frey. 1968:32-143. ANT LARVAE OF THE MYRMICINE TRIBE ATTINI: SECOND SUPPLEMENT (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) GrorcE C. WHEELER and JEANETTE WHEELER Laboratory of Desert Biology, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada System, Reno, Nevada 89507 ABSTRACT—The authors’ first supplement on the subfamily Myrmicinae was published in 1960. The present supplement deals only with the fungus- growers and contains descriptions of 3 additional species in Atta, Mycetosoritis and Trachymyrmex. The genus Mycetosoritis is characterized here for the first time. Recent references to attine larvae are cited. Subsequent to the publication of our first supplement on the larvae of the subfamily Myrmicinae (1960a) we have received from other myrmecologists so much additional material that it has become necessary to publish additional supplements. TRIBE ATTINI Weber 1966: 592, 594—General remarks similar to 1972 below. Weber 1972: 39-42—The larva emerges from the egg shell through a hole which it has rasped with its spiny mandibles as it opens and closes its mouth parts. Mouth parts were observed to be working and feeding on the discarded chorion or the mycelium. “The fungus-growing ants differ from all other ants and all other insects, including the fungus-growing termites, in embedding their brood in the fungus garden, where they are normally covered by the thread-like mycelium.” The larger larvae are usually embedded, on the back or side, in the garden, with the head capsule protruding. They are incapable of locomotion and must be fed by the workers. By “pouting,” or ex- truding its mouth parts, the larva notifies the worker that it is hun- gry; the latter responds by placing a mass of fungus on the mouth parts. The larvae are frequently licked by the workers. Presumably trophallaxis occurs: “the larvae are an integral bond in keeping a colony viable.” The ventral hairs of attine larvae keep the fungal mass firmly in place while the larva is feeding. The spines on the mandibles punc- ture the fungal walls. “The feeding of the larvae is remarkably similar in all attine species. Most of the species culture clusters of inflated hyphae (staphylae) and the use of this compact form of the fungus is particularly effi- Clenta 76 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Ware Genus APTEROSTIGMA Mayr Apterostigma collare angulatum Weber CORRECTION (for 1948: 667-668 )—Maxillae, labium and hypo- pharynx are spinulose, not papillose. Genus CYPHOMYRMEX Mayr Cyphomyrmex costatus Mann Kempf 1965: 177—“The larvae described under the name of C. strigatus Wheeler (1948: 689-670) certainly belongs to the present species.” Cyphomyrmex rimosus Spinola Weber 1972: 41-42.—“Larvae of this species are unique in their needs to hold a bromatium, which is a compact mass of yeast cells, but the hairs are not especially adapted for this purpose and the fungus is held by the spinose mandibles.”. The sparse body hairs may be finely divided apically. Genus MYCETOSORITIS Wheeler Profile attiform. Head large. Body nearly naked; all hairs (about 14) ventral. Cranium subhexagonal and lumpy. Antennae _ large and below middle of cranium. Head hairs very few (about six). Mandibles attiform. In our 1960b key Mycetosoritis runs to Acromyrmex, from which it may be distinguished by having very few (about 14) body hairs, which are moderately long and restricted to the ventral surface; in Acromyrmex the hairs are more numerous (about 40), minute and uniformly distributed. Mycetosoritis hartmanni Wheeler fies 2 Length (through spiracles) about 2.6 mm; straight length about 1.8 mm. Profile attiform (i.e., short, very stout, plump, bean-shaped; ends large, sub- equal and broadly rounded; dorsal profile very long and C-shaped; ventral profile short and slightly concave). Head on the ventral surface near the anterior end. Anus ventral, near the posterior end and with a prominent posterior lip. Head large. Each leg vestige represented by a ridge and an infolded pocket of the integument; gonopod vestiges present. Spiracles diminish- ing in diameter posteriorly. Entire integument spinulose, the spinules minute, in short rows ventrally, elsewhere isolated. Body nearly naked, all hairs ventral, unbranched with frayed tip; Tl with 3 pairs, 0.024—0.1 mm long, shortest ventrally, shaft curved or flexuous; T2 and T3 with a pair each, about 0.14 mm long, flexuous; AIX 1 pair, about 0.07 mm long; AX 1 pair, about 0.012 mm long. Cranium lumpy, subhexagonal, with occipital border distinctly concave. Antennae large and below the middle of the cranium, each with 3 sensilla, ke PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 2c Fig. 1. Mycetosoritis hartmanni. a. head in anterior view, X74. b, left mandible in anterior view, 278. c, left maxillary palp in lateral view, 333. d, right maxilla in anterior view, 198. e, body hair, 267. f, left mesothoracic leg vestige in optical section, «267. g, larva in side view, x37. Fig. 2. Atta texana. a, mature larva of large worker, x18. b, head in anterior view, x48. c, body hair, «339. d, left mandible in anterior view, 169. e, mature larva of small worker, « 18. each of which bears a small spinule. Six head hairs: 2 on each gena, about 0.14 mm long; 2 above labrum about 0.07 mm long. Labrum with the ventral border subparabolic, with spinules on all surfaces; anterior surface with 6 sensilla; 1 sensilla on each lateral border; posterodorsal surface with 4 sensilla. Mandibles heavily sclerotized; attiform (i.e., broad, short and stout, apical portion abruptly attenuated, curved medially and posteriorly and terminating in a small slender tooth ); all surfaces covered with short spinules, which are minute to coarse. Each maxilla long and narrow; apex paraboloidal and spinulose, the spinules minute, numerous and in short rows apically, longer and isolated basally; palp a small peg with 1 apical, 3 lateral and 1 basal sensilla; galea a frustum with 2 apical sensilla. Labium wide and thick; densely spinulose, the spinules minute and in PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 79 long subtransverse subparallel rows; each palp a small peg with 1 apical, 3 lateral and 1 basal sensilla; an isolated sensillum between each palp and the opening of the sericteries; the latter a transverse slit. Hypopharynx densely spinulose, the spinules minute and in transverse rows, the rows shorter and farther apart and the spinules shorter basally. (Material studied: 2 semipupae and 1 young larva from Louisiana, courtesy of Dr. J. C. Moser. ) Genus TRACHYMYRMEX Forel Trachymyrmex diversus Mann Length (through spiracles) about 3.7 mm. Similar to T. septentrionalis (1948: 673) except as follows. Ventral profile nearly straight. Entire integument sparsely spinulose, the spinules minute and in short transverse rows on the venter, isolated elsewhere. Antennae very large. Head with only 1 pair of hairs above the antennae. Anterior surface of labrum with 6 sensilla. Each maxillary palp represented by an encapsulated sensillum on a short peg with 2 adjacent sensilla; each galea a low minute cone with 2 apical sensilla. Hypopharynx with a few rather large spinules in short transverse rows ventrally, isolated basally. (Ma- terial studied: 7 larvae from Brazil, courtesy of Dr. K. Lenko.) Weber 1972: Head and prothoracic venter in side view (p. 40, fig. 57). Im- mediately after hatching the ventral surface of the larva is applied, apparently by its own rotation, to the mass of eggs and mycelium (p. 41). Trachymyrmex jamaicensis Ern. André Weber 1967: 109—“The brood was heavily coated with mycelium as is typical of attines.” Genus ACROMYRMEX Mayr Acromyrmex lundi Guérin Weber 1972: 41. Body hairs are borne on tubercles. Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) Weber 1972: 41. Body hairs are particularly stout and multifid; shown in fig. 58 (p. 40). Genus ATTA Fabricius Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus ) Weber 1966: 597—Photograph of semipupa of a large worker. Atta sexdens (Linnaeus ) Weber 1962: 4647—Photographs of larvae of various sizes. Atta texana (Buckley ) fig, 2 and 3 MATURE WORKER LARVAE. Length (through spiracles) 2.7-6.9 mm. Attiform (i.e., short, very stout, plump, bean-shaped; diameter greatest at the 80 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Fig. 3. Atta texana. Photograph of various sizes of mature worker larvae, from a nest in Alexandria, Louisiana, courtesy of Dr. John C. Moser. middle and decreasing slightly and equally toward each end; dorsal profile ex- tremely long, C-shaped; ventral profile short and concave; head on the ventral surface, at a considerable distance from the anterior end; anus ventral, at a considerable distance from the posterior end, with a prominent posterior lip). Leg and wing vestiges distinct. No differentiated somites. All spiracles small, mesothoracic largest. Entire integument spinulose, all spinules minute; in short rows on the venter of the anterior somites and on all surfaces of posterior somites, isolated elsewhere. Only 4 body hairs; simple; 2 on the venter of T1, about 0.025 mm long, 2 on venter of AX, about 0.075 mm long. Head very small; cranium subtrapezoidal, broadest dorsally; short bars extend from the cranium into the prothorax. Antennae with 3 small sensilla each, each with a small spinule. Head hairs numerous, simple, short (0.025-0.75 mm _ long). Labrum parabolic, small; all surfaces covered with minute spinules, the spinules isolated except for a few in rows on the posterior surface; anterior surface with 4 minute hairs (about 0.013 mm long) near the dorsal border. Mandibles large, attiform (i.e., broad, short, stout; apical portion abruptly attenuated and curved PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 81 medially to form a sharp-pointed tooth, the tooth bent medially); all surfaces covered with numerous large spinules (smaller basally). Maxillae very narrow, adnate and densely covered with rather coarse spinules; each palp a skewed cone with 1 apical (encapsulated) and 3 lateral sensilla; each galea a slightly taller cone with 2 apical sensilla. Labium broad and short, usually hidden in anterior view, covered with minute spinules, each palp represented by 3 contiguous sensilla; an isolated sensillum (with a spinule about 0.025 mm long) between each palp and the opening of the sericteries; the latter a transverse slit. Hypopharynx densely spinulose, the spinules minute and in short transverse rows. SEXUAL LARVA. Length (through spiracles) about 21 mm; straight length about 16 mm. Similar to the worker larva except in the following details. Ex- tremely plump; dorsal profile much longer and ventral shorter (head and anus, therefore, much closer together). Head very small. Spinules on venter of T1 very large (about 0.025 mm long) and very dense. Body hairs shorter (T1 hairs about 0.01 mm long, AX hairs about 0.05 mm long. Head hairs 0.05-0.063 mm long. Labrum with the hairs about 0.05 mm long. Mandibles each with 2 slender blunt apical teeth. Each maxillary palp with 2 apical (with a minute spinule each) and 2 lateral (encapsulated) sensilla; each galea a low dome with 2 apical sensilla. Material studied: numerous larvae from Louisiana, courtesy of Dr. J. C. Moser. Moser 1962: 12—Photograph of brood in a small nest. Moser 1967: 307—A photograph showing larvae. REFERENCES Kempf, W. W. 1965. A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr. Part II. Group of rimosus (Spinola). Studia Entomol. (Rio de Janeiro) 9:161—200. Moser, J. C. 1962. Probing the secrets of the town ant. Forest and People 12 (4):12-13, 40-41. 1967. Mating activities of Atta texana. Insectes Sociaux 14:295-312. Weber, N. A. 1962. Insect gardeners. Natural History 71:45—49. 1966. Fungus-growing ants. Science 153:587-604. 1967. The fungus-growing ant, Trachymyrmex jamaicensis, on Bimini Island, Bahamas. Entomol. News 78:107—109. 1972. Gardening-ants, the attines. Mem. Amer. Phil. Soc. (Philadelpia) 92: xvii + 146 p. Wheeler, G. C. 1948. The larvae of the fungus-growing ants. Amer. Midland Nat. 40:664-689. Wheeler, G. C., and J. Wheeler. 1960a. Supplementary studies on the larvae of the Myrmicinae. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 62: 1-32. . 1960b. The ant larvae of the subfamily Myrmicinae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 53:98—110. THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF EXPTOCHIOMERA NANA BARBER (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)* MERRILL H. SWEET Department of Entomology, Texas A. & M. University, College Station, Texas 77840 and James A. SLATER Biological Sciences Group, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268 ABSTRACT—Exptochiomera nana Barber, described from Massachusetts, is placed as a junior synonym of Suffenus fusconervosus (Motschulsky), an Oriental species. Evidence is presented to indicate that the synonymy has re- sulted from a mislabelling and that the species has presumably not actually been taken in the United States. Comments on the systematic position of the genus Suffenus are included. Exptochiomera nana was described by Barber (1932) from a single male (USNM type number 43853), labelled as having been collected by the late C. A. Frost at Framingham, Massachusetts in December of 1913. Despite intensive efforts to obtain this species by the senior author during the course of his ecological and biological studies of New England Rhyparochrominae as well as extensive collecting in the northeastern States by such competent hemipterists as H. G. Barber, H. M. Parshley, J. R. de la Torre Bueno and others, no addi- tional specimens of Exptochiomera nana have been taken. The senior author corresponded with Mr. Frost in 1962. shortly before the latter's death and Mr. Frost recalled collecting the stated specimen but that the date and location were in error and should have been August 21, 1921, at Wareham, Massachusetts, and that at Mr. Barber’s urging he had attempted without success to obtain ad- ditional material. Sweet (1964) suggested that the species might have been introduced and noted that the junior author had examined the holotype prior to 1964 and had believed that it might be related to the Oriental genus Suffenus. Sweet (1967) noted that the holotype may have been mislabelled. We have both independently had the opportunity recently to re- examine the holotype of Exptochiomera nana and to compare it with Oriental specimens of Suffenus fusconervosus (Motschulsky). There is no question but that the specimens are conspecific and Exptochio- mera nana must become a junior synonym. Although it is not absolutely impossible that Mr. Frost actually ‘This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-aid from the National Science Foundation. 82 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 83 Fig. 1. Spermatheca of Suffenus fusconervosus. collected the holotype of Exptochiomera nana in Massachusetts we believe this to be highly unlikely. It seems much more probable that the confusion has resulted from mislabelling. Mr. Frost sent material he had collected in Framingham to Dr. Walther Horn who was at the time Director of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut in Ber- lin. Dr. Horn in turn sent Mr. Barber the specimen which was sub- sequently described as Exptochiomera nana. The labels on the holo- type clearly indicate that it was labelled in Germany. Not only is the month spelled “Dezember” in German script but the State is placed in parentheses—a practice unlikely to have been used by an American collector. Furthermore, as Barber noted, the type specimen itself was in poor condition. Closer examination of the pattern of damage shows that the now pointed specimen evidently had once been carded since traces of glue were found along the entire venter. It was not the habit of American coleopterists to card specimens and European workers at that time rarely pointed specimens. Very probably the specimen jarred loose from its original mounting and was transposed to a pin bearing the wrong locality data. It is also germane to realize that prior to this time Dr. Horn had obtained considerable material from the Orient, particularly Ceylon, as is evidenced by papers published on the Horn material by Breddin (1907a, 1907b). There- fore we think it is most reasonable to believe that an error in labelling 84 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 was made, and that the tropical species Suffenus fusconervosus has never actually been taken in North America. Mr. Frost had sent the senior author his correspondence with H. G. Barber. This correspondence indicates that Barber had also de- scribed Blissus breviusculus from the Frost specimens sent to him by Horn. Moreover, a close reading of the correspondence indicates that Frost was actually recalling his collecting B. breviusculus, and he never seems to refer to Exptochiomera nana. This apparent con- fusion on Mr. Frost’s part is entirely understandable as the collection occurred over 50 years ago, and he had seen only Barber's sketch, never the actual specimen of Exptochiomera nana. Suffenus is a most anomalous rhyparochromine. The very small size, the carinate pronotal margins and the general habitus give it the appearance of a member of the tribe Antillocorini. However Sweet (1967) notes that it must be included in the Myodochini be- cause of the dorsal position of the abdominal spiracles on segments 2, 3 and 4 and the lack of inner lateroterga. Although some small West- ern Hemisphere myodochines such as Exptochiomera arizonensis Barber somewhat approach this condition there is no known Eastern Hemisphere myodochine that is even remotely related to Suffenus. The other Eastern Hemisphere myodochines show relationship to the “Pachybrachius-complex.” Moreover the spermatheca (fig. 1) is unique and does not resemble any of the known myodochine sperma- theca in that the apical duct is long and the bulb is small. Since the nymphs of the Myodochini have a Y-suture and those of the Antilloc- orini lack the suture it will be valuable to study the nymphs of Suf- fenus to either further establish its position in the Myodochini or conversely to determine if the dorsal spiracle position might be a case of convergence, and Suffenus to be actually a highly evolved antillocorine. At present, in the absence of contrary evidence, Suf- fenus must be regarded as a true myodochine, and the general ap- pearance of an antillocorine to be interpreted as due to convergence. In view of the isolated systematic position of Suffenus it is impor- tant to establish this synonymy and probable mislabelling. Failure to recognize this synonymy could easily have led to an error com- parable to the case of the famous snapping turtle falsely described from the Fly River, New Guinea, and cited for over 40 years as indi- cating a remarkable disjunct distribution in the otherwise North American family Chelydridae (Loveridge and Shreve 1947). REFERENCES Barber, H. G. 1932. Three new species of Exptochiomera from the United States (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 40:357-363. Breddin, G. 1907a. Berytiden & Myodochiden von Ceylon aus der Sammelaus- beute von Dr. W. Horn (Rhynch. het.). Dtsch Entomol. Z. 1907:34-47. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 85 1907. Berytiden & Myodochiden von Ceylon aus der Sam- melausbeute von Dr. W. Horn (Rhynch het.) I. Dtsch Entomol. Z. 1907:203- 220. Loveridge, A. and B. Shreve. 1947. The ‘New Guinea’ snapping turtle. Copeia. 1947 :120-123. Sweet, M. H. 1964. The biology and ecology of the Rhyparochrominae of New England (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Parts I & II. Entomol. Amer. 43: 1-124, 44:1-201. 1967. The tribal classification of the Rhyparochrominae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:1:208—226. A NEW SPECIES OF SEPEDON FROM THAILAND (DIPTERA: SCIOMYZIDAE) Ooxeow BEAVER (PRAKOBVITAYAKIT ) Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand ABSTRACT—Sepedon spangleri (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) is described from Thailand. So far, 6 species of Sepedon have been found in Thailand. They are S. lobifera Hendel, S. ferruginosa (Wiedemann), S. plumbella (Wiedemann), S. senex (Wiedemann), S. sphegea (Fabricius), and S. spangleri, new species. Inasmuch as the biology of the latter species has been studied and awaits publication, it is desirable to de- scribe the species at this time. Sepedon spangleri O. Beaver, new species Male and female. Wing length 4—5 mm. Body length 5-6 mm. Head: Frons dark brown, mostly tomentose, midfrontal stripe short, extending from ocellar triangle to about middle of frons; 1 pair each of postocellar, vertical, postvertical, and fronto-orbital bristles; base of antennae shiny yellowish; no dark spot on head, but dark brown at edge of dorsolateral side of antennal bases. Antenna rather long, 3rd segment triangular with more or less convex upper margin and about twice as long as Ist segment; 2nd segment about 3 times as long as 3rd; arista plumose, light brown to yellow basally, whitish distally. Face bare, yellowish to brown, mostly tomentose, with shiny piceous patch at side of jowl, extending as far below eyes as from antennae to lower margin of eyes. Thorax dorsally gray tomentose, dark brown mesally and laterally; humeral callus bare; 1 pair each of apical scutellar and notopleural bristles; 2 pairs of supra-alars; no bristles on propleuron, mesopleuron, sternopleuron, or hypopleuron. Pleura pale gray tomentose with sooty black patch covering whole metapleuron and extending over a small area of pteropleuron. Legs: Front coxa yellowish, dark brown laterobasally, with 1 moderate and 2 very small apical dorsal bristles and 2 small posterior bristles; mid- and hindcoxae dark brown at base and light brown to yellow distally, with external bristle. Femora yellow with apices of fore and sometimes middle pairs darkened, hind femur with only narrow apical flanges darkened. Forefemur with brown posterior stripe and only trace of reddish coloration anteriorly. Stripes of reddish stain on anterior and posterior sides of hindfemur, but reddish stain lacking on midfemur. All femora with rows of short, stout ventral setae. Fore- and midtibiae dark brown; hindtibia so only at base, light brown to yellow distally. Tarsi brown, blackish on apical 1 or 2 segments. Wing dull grayish, somewhat darker and brownish toward tip, especially along veins r-m, m-m, last 2 sections of m: + 2, and last third of r.; (fig. 1). Abdomen smooth, black, gray tomentose; postabdomen of male as in fig. 2 and 3; aedeagus with mesally emarginate, reflexed apical flange; glans with coiled internal filaments; surstylus L-shaped, base lying along margin of epan- drium; sperm pump a coiled, chitinous structure resembling a snail shell. 86 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 87 Fig. 1. Sepedon spangleri. wing. Types: Holotype, male, THAILAND: Bangkok, 28 February 1971 (P. and P. Spangler, No. 72840 in U. S. National Museum; paratypes: THAILAND: 1 male, Chiang Mai, 18°48’ N, 99°03’ E, 15 November 1970 (O. Beaver); 2 males, C. M. Highway, km 93, Chiang Mai, 14 August 1973 (O. Beaver); 1 pair, Maha Sarakham, 15 May 1971 (O. Beaver ); all in U. S. National Museum. The species-name is the family-name of Paul J. and Phyllis Spang- ler in the genitive case and is in the singular number rather than the plural for the sake of shortness and greater ease of pronunciation. I am happy to dedicate this species to the Spanglers, who first collected it. 0.5 mm. Fig. 2, 3. Sepedon spangleri. 2, postabdomen of male, posterior view. 38, same, lateral view, with aedeagus extended downward to bring it into view. ae-aedeagus; ep-epandrium; hy-hypandrium; pg-pregonite; ss-surstylus. 88 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 Sepedon spangleri is related to S. senex Wiedemann and S. plum- bella Wiedemann, differing from those species in its smaller size (body length 5.5 mm rather than 7.0-8.5 mm), and lack of distinct apical infuscation on the hindfemur. Sepedon plumbella differs from S. spangleri in bearing a more or less well developed oblique dorsal groove on the broadened fore-basitarsus of the males. Sepedon senex has a simple forebasitarsus, but the basal abdominal terga are transversely rugulose, the 2nd antennal segment is no more than twice as long as the 3rd, and a few other characters are different from those of S. spangleri. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am indebted to Mr. G. C. Steyskal of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for his invalauble advice, criticism and revision of the manuscript. I am most grateful to Professor P. Chiowanich for facilities in the Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. NEW SYNONYMIES IN NORTH AMERICAN PELIDNOTA ALAN R. Harpy Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California 95814 In order to facilitate the production of the Scarabaeidae (Rute- linae) portion of the United States Department of Agriculture- Smithsonian Institution catalog of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, the following synonymies are announced. These synony- mies will be treated at greater length in the forthcoming “Revision of Pelidnota North of Panama” by this author. Pelidnota MacLeay 1819:157 Pelidnotidia Casey 1915:77 NEW SYNONYMY (described as a subgenus, synonym of nominate subgenus ). Pelidnota (Pelidnota) punctata (Linnaeus, 1758:350) (Scarabaeus ) Pelidnota punctata strenna Casey, 1915:72. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota punctata brevis Casey, 1915:72. NEW SYNONYMY Melolontha lutea Olivier, 1789:23. RETURNED TO SYNONYMY Pelidnota lutea brevicollis Casey, 1915:74. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota lutea pallidipes Casey, 1915:74. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota lutea texensis Casey, 1915:74. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota lutea hudsonica Casey, 1915:74. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota oblonga Casey, 1915:72. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota oblonga ponderella Casey, 1915:73. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota oblonga debiliceps Casey, 1915:73. NEW SYNONYMY Pelidnota tarsalis Casey, 1915:74. NEW SYNONYMY REFERENCES Casey, T. L. 1915. A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Mem. Col., Vol. 6, pp. 1-394. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum e lasses, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, ed. 10, vol. 1, 832 pp. Holmiae. MacLeay, W. S. 1819. Horae entomologicae: or essays on the annulose animals. Vol. 1, pt. 1, 524 pp., 3 pl. London. Olivier, A. G. 1789. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caractéres génériques et spécifiques, leur description, leur synonymie, et leur figure enluminée. Coleopteres, Vol. 1. Paris. [Genera separately paged. ] 89 NEW RECORDS OF ODONATA FROM MONTANA AND COLORADO GrorGE H. Bick Saint Mary’s College, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 and LotrHar E. HoRNUFF Central State University, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034 ABSTRACT—Twenty taxa are recorded from Montana for the first time, 14 from Colorado. Among the new Montana records, 12 fill distributional gaps, 3 are near or extend ranges eastward, 4 westward, 1 northward. For Colorado, 6 records fill distributional gaps, 2 are near or extend ranges eastward, 5 west- ward, 1 southward. East-west distribution limits are given for Enallagma antennatum, E. hageni, Ischnura verticalis, I. cervula. In Colorado, Coenagrion resolutum and Enallagma boreale were the most frequent odonates above 8,000 ft. We collected adult Odonata in Montana during 1972, in Colorado during 1973, and obtained a number of new State Records based on considerations of: Kennedy (1918), Hess (1940), Needham and Westfall (1955), Walker (1958), Kormondy (1960), Bennefield (1965), Cruden (1969), Newell (1970), Westfall (1970). Montana Specimens were collected almost daily from June 30 to August 9. Efforts were most intense in Flathead and Lake Counties, but attempts to sample the State broadly resulted in 127 collections from 21 of the State’s 56 counties. Among the 59 taxa collected and retained by the authors, the following 20 are additions to the State list. County names are capitalized. Cordulegaster dorsalis Hagen. 2 colls., 54, 19, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Gomphus (Gomphurus) externus Hagen. 1 coll., 1¢, BIG HORN. Anax junius (Drury). 1 coll., 12, LAKE. Aeshna californica Calvert. 3 colls., 2 pr., 96, 49, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Aeshna canadensis Walker. 3 colls., 44, 12, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Aeshna interrupta lineata Walker. 4 colls., 62, 22, BLAINE, FLATHEAD, MCCONE. Aeshna juncea (L.). 1 coll., 14, FLATHEAD. Aeshna sitchensis Hagen. 1 coll., 1 pr., 24, LAKE. Aeshna umbrosa occidentalis Walker. 1 coll., 16, FLATHEAD. Somatochlora minor Calvert. 2 colls., 54, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Libellula (Ladona) julia Uhler. 6 colls., 7¢, 49, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert. 7 colls., 1¢ in tandem with 92 Sympetrum pallipes (Hagen), 126,392, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Sympetrum occidentale fasciatum Walker. 7 colls., 3prs., 86,52, BIG HORN, GALLATIN, PONDERA, ROSEBUD, YELLOWSTONE. 90 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 eh Sympetrum occidentale occidentale Bartenev. 3 colls., 2prs., 3046, 42, FLAT- HEAD, LAKE. Lestes forcipatus Rambur. 1 coll., 12, 192°, DAWSON. Nehalennia irene (Hagen). 16 colls., 2prs., 47¢, 322, FLATHEAD, LAKE. Enallagma antennatum (Say). 1 coll., 24, DAWSON. Enallagma hageni (Walsh). 10 colls., 4prs., 33¢, BLAINE, CARTER, DAWSON, HILL, MCCONE, VALLEY. Enallagma praevarum (Hagen). 6 colls., lpr., 84, BIG HORN, BLAINE, DAWSON, MCCONE, ROSEBUD, YELLOWSTONE. Ischnura verticalis (Say). 5 colls., 66, CARTER, DAWSON, MCCONE, WALLEY. These 20 new records for Montana may be grouped into 4 cate- gories: the collection fills a gap in the distribution of G. externus, A. junius, A. californica, A. canadensis, A. i. lineata, A. juncea, A. sitchensis, S. minor, L. julia, S. 0. fasciatum, L. proxima, N. irene; the collection is near the limits or extends the range eastward of C. dorsalis, A. u. occidentalis, S. 0. occidentale; the collection is near the limits or extends the range westward of L. forcipatus, E. anten- natum, E. hageni, I. verticalis; the collection extends the range north- ward of E. praevarum. Colorado The collecting period in Colorado, July 9 to August 11, was of necessity more limited than in Montana, and, even though only 14 of the State’s 63 counties were sampled, 54 taxa were collected of which the following 14 are additions to the State list: Gomphus (Gomphus ) militaris Hagen. 1 coll., 44, BENT. Epitheca petechialis (Muttkowski). 1 coll., 19, LINCOLN. Leucorrhinia borealis Hagen. 1 coll., 24, MESA. Erythemis collocata (Hagen). 2 colls., 24, BENT, MESA. Pantala flavescens (Fabricius). 1 coll., 14, MORGAN. Pantala hymenea (Say). 1 coll., 29, BENT. Lestes unguiculatus Hagen. 5 colls., 3pr., 23¢, ROUTT, WASHINGTON, WELD. Argia fumipennis violacea (Hagen). 1 coll., lpr., 54, BACA. Argia plana Calvert. 1 coll., 1 4, BACA. Enallagma antennatum (Say). 2 colls., 44, BENT, LARIMER. Enallagma basidens Calvert. 1 coll., 16, LARIMER. Enallagma hageni (Walsh). 1 coll., 1¢, WASHINGTON. Ischnura cervula Selys. 4 colls., 68, MOFFAT, RIO BLANCO, ROUTT. Ischnura verticalis (Say). 2 colls., 24, MORGAN, WASHINGTON. These 14 new records for Colorado may be grouped into 4 cate- gories: the collection fills a gap in the distribution of P. flavescens, P. hymenea, L. unguiculatus, A. f. violacea, A. plana, E. basidens; the collection is near the limits or extends the range eastward of E. collocata, I. cervula; the collection is near the limits or extends the 99, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(1), MARCH, 1974 range westward of G. militaris, E. petechialis, E. antennatum, E. hageni, I. verticalis; the collection is near the limits or extends the range southward of L. borealis. Eight Colorado sites, over 8,000 ft. in elevation and seemingly appropriate for odonates, were sampled, but only 5 were positive and only 8 species were present: Somatochlora semicircularis (Selys)— 9800; Leucorrhinia borealis Hagen—9,800; Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen )—9,800, 9,200, 8,750, 8,100; Enallagma boreale Selys—9,800, 9,650, 9,200, 8,100; Ischnura perparva Selys—8,100; Amphiagrion sp. —8,100. C. resolutum and E. boreale, though not restricted to high altitudes, were the most frequent odonates above 8,000 ft. in Colorado as well as in Wyoming (Bick and Hornuff, 1972). Our collections in Oklahoma (Bick and Bick, 1957) and Wyoming (Bick and Hornuff, 1972) along with the present collections from Montana and Colorado make it possible to synthesize data on the western U.S. limits of 3 common eastern U.S. species. The north-south lines which define these limits are broadly similar and are all within 10 degrees west of the 100th meridian. They are: E. antennatum from DAWSON county in eastern Montana, through CROOK in Wyoming, BENT and LARIMER in Colorado, to CIMARRON in the Oklahoma Panhandle; E. hageni from HILL in northern Montana, through NATRONA in Wyoming to WASHINGTON in northeastern Colorado; I. verticalis from VALLEY in northeastern Montana, through CARBON and SHERIDAN in Wyoming, WASHINGTON in Colorado, to Beulah, New Mexico (Calvert, 1901-8). We have never taken any of these species in the Rocky Mountains which are almost certainly a barrier to the westward extension of these species. On the other hand, the western species, I. cervula, has crossed the moun- tains in Montana and Wyoming but apparently not in Colorado. Its eastern limits extend from YELLOWSTONE in south central Montana, through CARBON and SHERIDAN in Wyoming, ROUTT in Colo- rado to Santa Fe, New Mexico (Calvert, 1901-8). ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank Dr. John F. Tibbs, Director, University of Montana Biological Station, for extending to us all facilities of the Station, Mr. D. S. Potter for supplying specimens from Pondera County, Montana, and Dr. C. Johnson for supplying the record of E. petechialis. REFERENCES Bennefield, B. L. 1965. 7 { tay) lenin ¥ . f NATIONA a WN ' TS any v5 2 SCHON MONUMENT %, \! g 1 Sy i =o Uinkaret 2 / > Plateau ° oe % %, Rooty 24 { ASS Ploteou e* ¢ : © Butte Sa of Ss > + ae mt ey ! i : * eoneall ~~) = = on Matthews Peat 5%, : 8 ' = ie Sea c is % Lore Moos AQ i Shivwite 7 el eet os ; .~ *i RE TA gh: UA ry eae CANYON ig ‘ ; a i Be Valk J 2) OE CHELLY Ho. b a. 7 Pe . H over (ba Dy Cf NATIONAL ' 2 a MONUMENT ! Os * : et fai J 1 es J cc Se . u % = 2 7 iG a NORTHEAST os Mt Tipton — < -, ? mA © < " vi 2 ali A = AS = i "a —) 4 i < = BS ONAN dd of] eW - . Vy ae EN a Se EEN = Sf t\\* 2 F NORTHWEST « S manatees onaner oe © ° mm “i a San Francisc® Pook i yoo } 2. $% Bt Gielen ee a0 ‘ ° Wuelpol Peak = “ais . . a ' 2 5 ° Bil Williams Me, € > 1 ay Ss a : ~~ \/ i ‘2 ot at PETRIS(ED i . <= 2 et FoBtsT H z - A ys Zar ! Oe -3 5 rN ee NATIONAL i A bse / = \ MONUMENT H rs at f i . a 4 %, As > re 4 OY: i) ~% b PLATEAU_< i Crotaman\geak aa ! : RA EA 4 i “ } Di 1 ais > ; i es : Pork 2/4, witli, nd . r, i Dams etiam os) ps i S 2 ei “+ \ t FY “ \ H ry Min i = HM » € Greene Poore yi e we . Fy Z - ° Ss ou yy, J S/wnite ¥ ia 2 ‘ iad Lohe 3j s f ! . we Yrisces ' i g sBedy tren | . . Dp \ a oo Oe 2) < 2» wovnvermh i o xe a + a af AS 74 a a = and = fume J aa Si 2 ie Tent eid Jo a i By om j Te 3 , Bioce SG = H : > i O Superatividn ime ae vor : < S id 6 *, SOUTHWEST Wen 27 wmieln® flac: ar BS “e5 “s £ SV asf inal f . i eo) © f “e, [ ges G . “\ aSignal Peak ( i) . ae} g 2, \ Mig oe H 2 2, ‘ ‘ a 56" cobuae ,\ Bee § 5] fs >, uekaes (0 fo \ ye amas +) i ¢ U7 (ZA i Imperial “, aid = pagt Reservoir on ‘ “ey ai ) *. val so ss “ = 4 %, Picacho Resery: j S a 5 yi } S 2, ° i ; o ‘ “ ° 9, 2 ° - c 6 a a o> s j rem eae ee yan 59 EES \ i SSR aS o 3% % s « ) i tween, 6 SS * < % °, s Ce a ais * te % Se .! cae eS = % " 2 6 Cotati aa ~ ° £ ay CHS ‘e A, i couyne + . a wie \ z re = i resid = n\n BAGULRGaE i 5 . Dev) i iene ORGAN PIPE Bea atie ah aes SOUTHEAST witicos covers. i os s bt x S 1 Ae 8, Playa Ate => Se GER ECTBAIG 2 =) MONUMENTES So OS rs ° { ~~. NATIONAL MONUMENT e 5 = ig a s, ! owed * (WKN) Pook o {5 hee ' Sill a ‘i ‘g Seu if i RIZONA ~~~. a Ses ee to hcl Ord 2 6 / Suntg : SS fq Chiricanve’ j Sen, gs c f Ring ta ® ~ al. Pew ~ Ye > > Sess, ve \@ 5 Bt, Whignteon LS - seate 0[][[MJlo to 200 Jeo ]50 ation ae k ‘ ( tag ; . H iow 35 Mea OY okey ti a i es Se Ny (eae ee m2 : eh ry’ e | === $000-foot contour Oe \ Patagonia Fig. 2. Habitus of Meotachys amplicollis, female, El] Palmar, Veracruz, Mexico. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 sul 132: PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Secondary sexual characteristics: Besides the setae of sternum V mentioned above, the males have the probasitarsus dilated medially and the dilation is spini- form, beneath which is a small pad of squamate setae. Size: Length, 1.5 to 4.6 mm; width, 0.7 to 1.6 mm. Distribution: The combined ranges of the species known to me at this time extend from Nayarit and San Luis Potosi States in Mexico south to Matto Grosso State in Brazil. Discussion: Besides the eight species listed herein, I have studied 11 undescribed species. The genus is poorly represented in collections and it is possible that special collecting techniques are necessary to find these beetles. The largest nonriparian series I have seen came from litter (W. L. Brown, collector) or Berlese samples (J. M. Campbell, collector ). Etymology: Latin, meatus, meaning way, path, passage, referring to the foveae of the mentum as passages into the head, plus Tachys, the nominate genus of the subtribe. LIST OF GENERIC AND SPECIES-GROUP NAMES OF NEW WORLD TACHYINA [BarytTacuys Chaudoir, see Elaphorpus.] [BLemus LeConte, see Micratopus. | Costitachys Erwin Costitachys Erwin (see above). Type-species: Costitachys inusitatus Erwin (see above); by original designation and monotypy. CosTITACHYs INUSITATUS Erwin Costitachys inusitatus Erwin (see above). Holotype, a female, in MCZ. Type- locality: Santarem, Para, Brazil. Elaphropus Motschulsky Elaphropus Motschulsky, 1839:73. Type-species: Elaphropus caraboides Mot- schulsky, 1862:74; by monotypy. Tachylopha Motschulsky, 1862:27. Type-species: Lopha ovata Motschulsky, 1851:509; by monotypy. Tachyura Motschulsky, 1862:27, Type-species: Elaphrus quadrisignatus Duft- schmidt, 1812:205; subsequent designation by Jeannel, 1941:434. Barytachys Chaudoir, 1868:213. Type-species: Bembidium incurvum Say, 1834: 440; subsequent designation by Jeannel, 1941:434. Sphaerotachys G. Miiller, 1926:95. Type-species: Bembidium haemorrhoidale Dejean, 1831:58; by monotypy. The subsequent designation by Jeannel (1941: 434) was unnecessary. Trepanotachys Alluaud, 1933:17. Type-species: Bembidium haemorrhoidalis Dejean, 1831:58; original designation. Objective junior synonym of Sphaerotachys G. Miller. Tachyphanes Jeannel, 1946:362. Type-species: Bembidium amabile Dejean, 1831:45; original designation. [ELAPHROPUS APACHEANA (Casey), see Elaphropus dolosus.] PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 133 ELAPHROPUS ANCEPS (LeConte), new combination Tachys anceps LeConte, 1848:470. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5583. Type-locality: Nebraska. [ELAPHROPUS ANCILLA (Casey), see Elaphropus xanthopus.] ELAPHROPUS ANTHRAX (LeConte), new combination Tachys anthrax LeConte, 1851:192. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5580. Type-locality: San Diego, California. [ELAPHROPUS BARNEsI (Stehr), see Elaphropus tripunctatum. | ELAPHROPUS BREVIS (Casey), new combination Tachyura brevis Casey, 1918:182. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46918. Type-locality: Fort Monroe, Virginia. This is not the same species as E. granarius (Dejean) as supposed by Lindroth, 1966:414. ELAPHROPUS BRUNNICOLLIS ( Motschulsky ), new combination Tachyura brunnicollis Motschulsky, 1862:28. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: Mobile, Alabama. Barytachys gemellus Casey, 1884:71. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46916. Type-locality: Cape May, New Jersey. New synonymy. Tachys subpunctatus Blatchley, 1924:164. Holotype probably at Purdue Uni- versity, not seen. Type-locality: Dunedin, Florida. From the description and material in the USNM I believe T. swhpunctatus to be the same as E. brunnicollis. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS CEYLANICUus ( Nietner), new combination Bembidium ceylanicus Nietner, 1858:423. Types in Berlin Zoological Museum according to Darlington (1962:446). Type-locality: Ceylon. Tachys mucescens Blackburn, 1878:158. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Honolulu, Hawaii. Britton, 1948:239. ELAPHROPUS COCKERELLI ( Fall), new combination Tachys cockerelli Fall, 1907:218. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 23871. Type-locality: Romeroville, New Mexico. ELAPHROPUS CONGENER (Casey), new combination Tachyura congener Casey, 1918:181. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46914. Type-locality: Austin, Texas. Lindroth (1966:417) synony- mized this with E. anceps LeConte, but the species are clearly different. ELAPROPUS CONJUGENS ( Notman), new combination Tachys conjugens Notman, 1919:229. Types probably in Staten Island Museum, New York, not seen. Type-locality: Rincon Mountains, Arizona. This is the first available name for Hayward’s unavailable junior primary homonym, Tachys trechi- formis. Tachys trechiformis Hayward, 1900:216. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 7051. Type-locality: Verde River, Arizona. This name is a junior primary homonym of Tachys trechiformis Jordan. Tachys trechoides Csiki, 1928:201. New name for T. trechiformis Hayward not Jordan, however Jordan’s species belongs to genus Paratachys Casey. ELAPHROPUS CRUCIATUS (Chaudoir), new combination Tachys cruciatus Chaudoir, 1868:214. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Panama, from the type label and listed second by Chaudoir. ELAPHROPUS DOLOsUS (LeConte), new combination Tachys dolosus LeConte, 1848:470. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5584. Type-locality: Rocky Mountains. 134 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Tachys rapax LeConte, 1851:192. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5586. Type-locality: Gila River, Arizona. New synonymy. Tachys audax LeConte, 1851:193. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5585. Type-locality: Colorado River, Arizona. New synonymy. Tachyura apacheana Casey, 1918:184. Lectotype, a male in USNM, No. 46922. Type-locality: Riverside, Arizona. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS FATUUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura fatua Casey, 1918:187. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46930. Type-locality: Lake Worth, Florida. ELAPHROPUS FERRUGINEUS (Dejean), new combination Bembidium ferrugineum Dejean, 1831:59. Holotype apparently lost; specimen labelled as type in MHNP does not fit Dejean’s description (see also Lindroth, 1955:14, 1966:423, 424). Type-locality: Iowa City, Iowa, designated py Lindroth, 1966:423. Tachys ovipennis Chaudoir, 1868:215. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here desig- nated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Amerique septentrionale. Lindroth, 1966:423. [ELAPHROPUS FRACTA (Casey), see Elaphropus rubicauda. | ELAPHROPUS FUSCICORNIS (Chaudoir), new combination Tachys fuscicornis Chaudoir, 1868:214. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Louisiana. [ELAPHROPUS GAUDENS (Casey), see Elaphropus rubricauda. | [ELAPHROPUS GEMELLUs (Casey), see Elaphropus brunnicollis.] [ELAPHROPUS GLOSSEMA (Casey), see Elaphropus granarium.] > ELAPHROPUS GRANARIUS (Dejean), new combination Bembidium granarium Dejean, 1831:61. Holotype, a male, in MHNP. Type- locality: Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, designated by Lindroth, 1966:414. Barytachys glossema Casey, 1884:70. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46917. Two-locality: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Casey (1918:182) recognized the synonymy, and it was confirmed by Hayward (1900:233) and Lind- roth (1966:414). I fully agree. ELAPHROPUS INCURVUS (Say), new combination Bembidium incurvum Say, 1834:440. Neotype, designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:338) in MCZ. Type-locality: Indiana. Tachyura parallela Casey, 1918:182. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46915. Type-locality: Boston Neck, Rhode Island. Lindroth, 1966: 416. Tachys rhodensis Csiki, 1928:195. New name for T. parallela Casey not Mot- schulsky. [ELAPHROPUS LAETIFICA (Casey), see Elaphropus vernicata.] [ELAPHROPUS LAREDOANA (Casey), see Elaphropus tripunctatum.] ELAPHROPUS LEVIPES (Casey), new combination Tachyura levipes Casey, 1918:186. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46927. Type-locality: Long Island, New York. Lindroth (1966:420) wrongly synonymized this with T. xanthopus Dejean. ELAPHROPUS LIEBECKI (Hayward), new combination Tachys liebecki Hayward, 1900:207. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 7049. Type-locality: Texas. PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 35 ELAPHROPUS MELLITUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura mellita Casey, 1918:176. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46907. Type-locality: Tepehuanes, Durango, Mexico. ELAPHROPUS MICROSPILUs ( Bates), new combination Tachys microspilus Bates, 1882: 142. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: San Geronimo, Guatemala. ELAPHROPUS MONTICOLA (Casey), new combination Tachyura monticola Casey, 1918:179. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46910. Type-locality: Jemez Springs, New Mexico. ELAPHROPUS MUNDULUs ( Bates), new combination Tachys mundulus Bates, 1882:141. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Cordoba, Mexico. ELAPHROPUS NEBULOsSUS (Chaudoir), new combination Tachys nebulosus Chaudoir, 1868:214. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Louisiana. Lindroth (1966:417) wrongly synonymized this with T. anceps LeConte. Tachyura solita Casey, 1918:178. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46908. Type-locality: Galveston, Texas. New synonymy. Tachyura soror Casey, 1918:179. Lectotype, a female here designated, in USNM, No. 46909. Type-locality: Austin, Texas. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS OBESULUS (LeConte), new combination Tachys obesulus LeConte, 1851:192. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5581. Type-locality: Valley of the Gila River, Arizona. ELAPHROPUS OBTUSELLUS (Bates), new combination Tachys obtusellus Bates, 1882:141. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Vera Cruz, Mexico. ELApHROPUS OCCULTUS (LeConte), new combination Tachys occultus LeConte, 1848:470. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5582. Type-locality: Georgia. Hayward (1900:233) and Lindroth (1966:414) wrongly synonymized this with T. granarius Dejean. [ELAPHROPUS PARALLELA (Casey), see Elaphropus incurvus.] ELAPHROPUS PARVULUS (Dejean), new combination Bembidium parvulum Dejean, 1831:57. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Spain. This European species has been introduced into western Washington. ELAPHROPUS PERICALLIS (Bates), new combination. Tachys pericallis Bates, 1882:141. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Rio Naranjo, Guatemala. [ELAPHROPUS PROFUGA (Casey), see Elaphropus sedula. | ELAPHROPUS PURGATUs (Bates), new combination Tachys purgatus Bates, 1882:142. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Puebla, Mexico. ELAPHROPUS RENOICUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura renoica Casey, 1918:183. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46920. Type-locality: Reno, Nevada. ELAPHROPUS RUBICAUDA (Casey), new combination Tachyura rubricauda Casey, 1918:186. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46928. Type-locality: Galveston, Texas, named in the first place. 136 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Tachyura fracta Casey, 1918:188. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46932. Type-locality: Waco, Texas, named in the first place. New synonymy. Tachyura gaudens Casey, 1918:188. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46933. Type-locality: Valley of the Rio Grande between Brownsville and El Paso. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS SATURATUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura saturata Casey, 1918:187. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46931. Type-locality: Asheville, North Carolina. ELAPHROPUS SECTATOR (Casey), new combination Tachyura sectator Casey, 1918:180. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46911. Type-locality: Provo, Utah. Tachyura sectator sospes Casey, 1918:180. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46912. Type-locality: Arizona. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS SEDULUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura sedula Casey, 1918:184. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46923. Type-locality: Santa Cruz, California, named in the first place. Tachyura profuga Casey, 1918:185. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM No. 46924. Type-locality: Reno, Nevada. New synonymy. [ELAPHROPUS SOLITA (Casey), see Elaphropus nebulosus.| [ELAPHROPUS soROR (Casey), see Elaphropus nebulosus.| ELAPHROPUS TAHOENSIS Casey, new combination Tachyura tahoensis Casey, 1918:183. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46921. Type-locality; Lake Tahoe, California. Casey (1918:183) mentions he saw only one specimen. [ELAPHROPUS SERVA (Casey), see Elaphropus tripunctatum. | ELAPHROPUS TRIPUNCTATUS (Say), new combination Bembidium tripunctatum Say, 1834:439. Neotype, designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:338), in MCZ. Type-locality: Indiana. Tachyura serva Casey, 1918:189. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46935. Type-locality: Bluff Point, Lake Champlain, New York. New synonymy. Tachyura laredoana Casey, 1918:189. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46934. Type-locality: Laredo, Texas. New synonymy. Tachyura barnesi Stehr, 1946:284. Type not seen, probably in Ohio State Uni- versity Collection; the description is good and there can be no doubt this is E. tripunctatum (Say). Type-locality: Muskingum River, Muskingum township, Washington County, Ohio. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS TRITAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys tritax Darlington, 1935:175. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 22015. Type-locality: Camp Perrin, Haiti. [ELAPHROPUS UNIONIS (Csiki), see Elaphropus vernicata. | ELAPHROPUS UNISTRIATUS (Bilimek), new combination Bembidion unistriatum Bilimek, 1867:902. Location of type unknown. Type- locality; Cueva Cacahuamilpa, Mexico. Bolivar y Pieltain and Hendrichs (1965) recognized this as a Tachyina and placed it in Tachyura. ELAPHROPUS VERNICATUS (Casey), new combination Tachyura vernicata Casey, 1918:181. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46913. Type-locality: Probably Indiana. Lindroth (1966:417) wrongly synonymized this with T. anceps LeConte. Tachyura laetifica Casey, 1918:183. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 137 USNM, No. 46919. Type-locality: St. Louis, Missouri. Lindroth (1966:419) regarded this as a separate species from E. anceps and with him I agree. However, since E. vernicata is not a synonym of E. anceps, but rather is a synonym of E, laetifica, E. vernicata has seniority. Tachyura unionis Csiki, 1928:202. New name for T. laetifica Casey not Bates. ELApPHROPUS vivAXx (LeConte), new combination Tachys vivax LeConte, 1848:468. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5578. Type-locality: Rocky Mountains. Tachys mendax LeConte, 1848:469. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5589. Type-locality: New England, named in the first place. Casey (1918:185) and Hayward (1900:233) regarded this taxon wrongly as conspecific with E. xanthopus (Dejean) while Chaudoir (1868:215) regarded it wrongly as conspecific with E. ferrugenius (Dejean). New synonymy. Tachys capax LeConte, 1863:20. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5579. Type-locality: Washington, D.C. New synonymy. ELAPHROPUS XANTHOPUS (Dejean), new combination Bembidium xanthopus Dejean, 1831:60. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Long Island, New York designated by Lindroth (1966: 420). Tachyura xanthopus laxipennis Casey, 1918:185. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46925. Type-locality: Boston Neck, Rhode Island, New synonymy. Tachyura xanthopus famelica Casey, 1918:185. Holotype, a male, in USNM, No, 46926. Type-locality: Boston Neck, Rhode Island. New synonymy. Tachyura ancilla Casey, 1918:186. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46929. Type locality: Southern Pines, North Carolina. ELAPHROPUS YUNAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys yunax Darlington, 1939:87. Holotype, a male in MCZ, No. 23509. Type- locality: Sanchez, Dominican Republic. [Eoracnys Jeannel, see Paratachys.] [Isoracuys Casey, see Tachys. ] Liotachys Bates Liotachys Bates, 1871b:267. Type-species: Liotachys antennatus Bates, 1871b: 268, by monotypy. LIoTACHYS ANTENNATUS Bates Liotachys antennatus Bates, 1871b:268. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Santarem, Brazil (on the Amazon). Lymnastis Motschulsky Lymnastis Motschulsky, 1862:27. Type-species: Lymnaeum nidicus Motschul- sky, 1851:507; subsequent designation by Jeannel (1932:170). Paralimnastis Jeannel, 1932:176. Type-species: Limnastis swaluwenbergi Jean- nel, 1932:176; by monotypy and original designation. New synonymy. Limnastis, auct. LYMNASTIS AMERICANA Darlington Limnastis americanus Darlington, 1934:83. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 19504. Type-locality: Soledad, Cuba. [LYMNASTIS CAPITO Bates, see Polyderis capito. | LYMNASTIS SWALUWENBERGI Jeannel Limnastis swaluwenbergi Jeannel, 1932:176. Holotype, sex undetermined be- cause of specimen condition, in MHNP. Type-locality: Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. 138 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Meotachys Erwin Meotachys Erwin (see above). Type species: Tachys amplicollis Bates, 1882: 142; by original designation. MEOTACHYS AMPLICOLLIS (Bates), new combination Tachys amplicollis Bates, 1882:142. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Teapa, Mexico. MEOTACHYS INSULARUM (Bates), new combination Tachys insularum Bates, 1884:288. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: San Miguel, Pearl Islands, Panama. MEOTACHYS FRATERCULUS (Bates), new combination Tachys fraterculus Bates, 1871b:268. Holotype, a female, in MHNP. Type- locality: Santarem, Brazil. MEOTACHYS JANSONI (Bates), new combination Tachys jansoni Bates, 1882:143. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Chontales, Nicaragua. MEOTACHYS PLATYDERUS (Bates), new combination Tachys platyderus Bates, 1871b:268. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Santarem, Brazil, according to the label of the type. Meoracuys RuFULUS ( Motschulsky ), new combination Tachyura rufula Motschulsky, 1862:28. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here desig- nated, in MMM. Type-locality: Obispo, Panama. MEOTACHYS SQUIRESI ( Bates), new combinatoin Tachys squiresi Bates, 1871b:269. Holotype, a female, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil. MEOTACHYS SULCIPENNIS (Bates), new combination Tachys sulcipennis Bates, 1871b:269. Holotype, a female, in MHNP. Type- locality: Ega (Tefé), Brazil. Micratopus Casey Micratopus Casey, 1914:42. Type-species: Micratopus fusciceps Casey, 1914: 43; by monotypy. Blemus LeConte, 1848:473. Type-species: Blemus aenescens LeConte, 1848: 473; by monotypy. Blemus was preoccupied by Blemus Stephens at the time of LeConte’s citation of Blemus Dejean, a nomen nudum. LeConte, in effect, became the author of Dejean’s concept, but by that time Stephens had used the name for something else. MicRATOPUS AENESCENS (LeConte ) Blemus aenescens LeConte, 1848:473. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5577. Type-locality: Georgia. Micratopus fusciceps Casey, 1914:43. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here desig- nated, in USNM, No. 46973. Type-locality: Vicksburg, Mississippi. Barr, 1971: 34. [Micratopus FuUSsCICEPS Casey, see Micratopus aenescens. | MicRATOPUS INSULARIS Darlington Micratopus insularis Darlington, 1934:86. Holotype, sex undetermined, in USNM. Type-locality: San Juan, Puerto Rico. MicrATOPUS PARVICEPS Darlington Micratopus parviceps Darlington, 1934:85. Holotype, sex undetermined, in USNM. Type-locality: Jatibonico, Cuba. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 139 MICRATOPUS WITHYCOMBE! Jeannel Micratopus withycombei Jeannel, 1932:168. Lectotype, a female, here desig- nated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Sainte-Augustine, Trinidad. MicraAtopus Exicuus (R. F. Sahlberg), new combination Bembidium exiguum R. F. Sahlberg, 1844a:54. Lectotype, probably female, here designated, in ZMHF. Type-locality: Petropolis, Brazil, from the label. This species was listed in Coleopterorum Catalogus as occurring in Ochotsk, Siberia. Sahlberg did not give a locality in his original description, although the carabid species described were supposed to have come from Ochotsk, Siberia (Sahlberg, 1844:3). The specimen labelled “B. exiguum” in ZMHF fits the Sahlberg descrip- tion quite well and I have no doubt that this specimen is what Sahlberg described. How then can we explain the labels “Petropolis, Brazil” and the fact that the species represented is South America, not Siberian? During 1844, Sahlberg also wrote an article describing Brazilian Carabidae (Sahlberg, 1844b). I believe he placed the B. exiguum description in his Siberian work, when it should have been in the Brazilian paper. [Microracuys Casey, see Polyderis.| [Mropracnys Bates, see Tachymenis.] [Neoracuys Kult, see Polyderis.] [PARALIMNASTIS Jeannel, see Lymunastis. | Paratachys Casey Paratachys Casey, 1918:174. Type-species: Paratachys austinicus Casey, 1918: 174; by original designation. Eotachys Jeannel, 1941:426. Type-species: Elaphrus bistriatus Duftschmidt, 1812:205; by original designation. Erwin, 1971:236. PARATACHYS ABRUPTUS (Darlington), new combination Tachys abruptus Darlington, 1934:80. Holotype, a male, in AMNH. Type- locality: Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. I have seen the two paratypes in MCZ, No. 19496, but not the holotype. PARATACHYS AENEIPENNIS (Motschulsky ), new combination Tachys aeneipennis Motschulsky, 1862:29. Lectotype, a male, here desginated, in MMM. Type-locality: Mobile, Alabama. PARATACHYS AEQUINOCTIALIS (Motschulsky ), new combination Polyderis aequinoctialis Motschulsky, 1862:33. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: Panama. PARATACHYS ALBIPES (LeConte), new combination Tachys albipes LeConte, 1863:20. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5575. Type-locality: Louisiana. Tachys putzeyi Fleutiaux and Sallé, 1889:368. Lectotype, a female, here desig- nated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Camp Jacob, Guadeloupe. New synonymy. PARATACHYS ARCANICOLA (Blackburn), new combination Tachys arcanicola Blackburn, 1878:158. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Oahu, Hawaii. PARATACHYS AUSTINICUS Casey Paratachys austinicus Casey, 1918:174. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46905. Type-locality: Austin, Texas. PARATACHYS BEAUMONTI (Casey), new combination Tachys beaumonti Casey, 1918:196. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46941. Type-locality: Colén, Panama. 140 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 PARATACHYS BONARIENSIS (Steinheil ), new combination Tachys bonariensis Steinheil, 1869:247. Lectotype, a badly damaged male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. PARATACHYS CARIB (Darlington), new combination Tachys carib Darlington, 1935:176. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 22017. Type-locality: Ennery, Haiti. PARATACHYS CASTANEICOLOR (Bates), new combination Tachys castaneicolor Bates, 1882:139. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Guatemala (near the city), Guatemala. PARATACHYS CHIRIQUINUS (Bates), new combination Tachys chiriquinus Bates, 1882:130. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama. PARATACHYS COLONICUS Casey Paratachys colonicus Casey, 1918:175. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46906. Type-locality: Colon, Panama. PARATACHYS COLUMBIENSIS (Hayward), new combination Tachys columbiensis Hayward, 1900:231. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 7054. Type-locality: “Ch-rlottet I. Fla” from the type label. PARATYCHYS CUBAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys cubax Darlington, 1934:78. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 19500. Type- locality: Soledad, Cuba. PARATACHYS CYCLODERUS (Bates), new combination Tachys cycloderus Bates, 1871c:11. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil. PARATACHYS DELAMAREI (Jeannel), new combination Eotachys delamarei Jeannel, 1962:613. Holotype, a female, in MHNP. Type- locality: “Sierra de San Javier, Parque Aconquija, Argentina, 700m.” PARATACHYS DIMINUTUS (Bates), new combination Tachys diminutus Bates, 1871c:11. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Santarem, Brazil. PARATACHYS DIPLOHARPINUS (Bates), new combination Tachys diploharpinus Bates, 1878:602. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Chontales, Nicaragua. PARATACHYS DOMINICANUs (Darlington), new combination Tachys dominicanus Darlington, 1934:81. Holotype, a male, in AMNH. Type- locality: Long Ditton, Dominica. I have seen the 3 paratypes in MCZ, No. 19497, but not the holotype. PARATACHYS DROMIOIDES (Bates), new combination Tachys dromioides Bates, 1871b:269. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Ega (Tefé), Brazil, from the type label. PARATACHYS EDAX (LeConte), new combination Tachys edax LeConte, 1851:194. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5573. Type-locality: Not given on the label; Gilroy Hot Springs, Santa Clara County, California herewith designated. PARATACHYS FILAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys filax Darlington, 1934:83. Holotype, a female, in USNM. Type-locality: Cayamas, Santa Clara, Cuba. PARATACHYS FLAVICOLLIS (Motschulsky ), new combination PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 141 Tachys flavicollis Motschulsky, 1862:28. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: Obispo, Panama. Tachys multistriata Motschulsky, 1862:29. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: ? Panama. Motschulsky (1862:29) noted this was probably a variety of P. flavicollis. PARATACHYS HYALINUS (Casey), new combination Tachys hyalinus Casey, 1918:200. Lectotype, a female, here desginated, in USNM, No. 46946. Type-locality: Austin, Texas. Tachys temporalis Casey, 1918:200. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46947. Type-locality: New York, near the city. New synonymy. PARATACHYS HYDROPHILUS (Germain), new combination Bembidium hydrophilus Germain, 1906:616. Jeannel (1962:613) states the “type” is in Museum of Santiago (? University). Type-locality: “Chili central.” I have seen specimens in MHNP that Jeannel compared with Germain specimens, but I have not seen type material. PARATACHYS LAEVIGATUS (Boheman), new combination Trechus laevigatus Boheman, 1858:17. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in RMS. Type-locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. ParATACHYS LATALATUS (Csiki), new combination Tachys latalatus Csiki, 1928:185. New name for T. latipennis Hayward, not Sharp. Tachys latipennis Hayward, 1900:277. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ. Type-locality: San Estaban, Baja California, Mexico. Hayward’s T. lati- pennis is a junior primary homonym of T. latipennis Sharp (1886:374). PARATACHYS LIMBATELLUuS (Bates), new combination Tachys limbatellus Bates, 1884:288. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Bugaba, Panama. ParATAcHys LuGuBRIS ( Motschulsky ), new combination Tachys lugubris Motschulsky, 1862:30. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: Obispo, Panama from the type label. PARATACHYS MINUTISSIMUS (Sahlberg), new combination Trechus minutissimus Sahlberg, 1844b:514. Lectotype, a female, here desig- nated, in ZMHF. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil according to the label on type. PaRATACHYsS MONSTICTUS (Bates), new combination Tachys monstictus Bates, 1871c:11. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Tapajos, Brazil. PARATACHYS OBLITUS (Casey), new combination Tachys oblitus Casey, 1918:195. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46937. Type-locality: New Jersey. Tachys cuneatus Casey, 1918:195. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46938. Type-locality: New York, near the city. New synonymy. Tachys cuneatus appalachius Casey, 1918:195. Lectotype, a female, here desig- nated, in USNM, No. 46939. Type-locality: Asheville, North Carolina. New synonymy. Tachys iowensis Casey, 1918:195. Lectotype, a male here designated, in USNM, No. 46940. Type-locality: Cedar Rapids, lowa. New synonymy. Tachys gentilis Casey, 1918:197. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46943. Type-locality: ? Indiana. New synonymy. 142 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Tachys obliquus Casey, 1918:201. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46949. Type-locality: Willets Point, Long Island, New York. New synonymy. PARATACHYS PANAMENSIS (Casey), new combination Tachys panamensis Casey, 1918:194. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46936. Type-locality: Colon, Panama. PARATACHYS PAULAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys paulax Darlington, 1934:80. Holotype, a male, in USNM. Type-locality: Cayamas, Santa Clara, Cuba. PARATACHYS PICEOLUS (Laferte), new combination Tachys piceolus Laferte, 1841:48, Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Puerto Rico. PARATACHYS PROXIMUS (Say), new combination Bembidium proximus Say, 1823:88. Neotype, designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:338), in MCZ. Type-locality: Brookline, Massachusetts, designated by Lindroth (1966:432). Tachys nubifer Casey, 1918:200. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46948. Type-locality: Vicksburg, Mississippi. New synonymy. PARATACHYS PUMILUS (Dejean), new combination Bembidium pumilum Dejean, 1831:43. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Amerique septentrionale, as originally given, herewith restricted to New York. Tachys corruscus LeConte, 1848:472. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5571. Type-locality: New York, as restricted by Lindroth (1966:435). New synonymy. PARATACHYS RECTANGULUS (Notman), new combination Tachys rectangulus Notman, 1919:229. Holotype, a male, in Leng collection, probably in CAS. Type-locality: North America. I have not yet seen the type, however the description clearly indicates the species belongs to Paratachys. PARATACHYS RHODEANUS (Casey), new combination Tachys rhodeanus Casey, 1918:198. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46944. Type-locality: Boston Neck, Rhode Island. PARATACHYS SAGAX (Casey), new combination Tachys sagax Casey, 1918:197. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46942. Type-locality: Highland Park, Illinois. PARATACHYS scIruLUs (LeConte), new combination Tachys scitulus LeConte, 1848:471. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5568. Type-locality: Columbia, Pennsylvania. Tachys pallescens Casey, 1918:199. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46945. Type-locality: Keokuk, Iowa. New synonymy. PARATACHYS SEQUAX (LeConte), new combination Tachys sequax LeConte, 1848:472. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5570. Type-locality: Rocky Mountains. PARATACHYS SPADIX (Casey), new combination Tachys spadix Casey, 1918:202. Holotype, a male, in USNM, No. 46950. Type- locality: El Paso, Texas. Tachys laxicollis Casey, 1918:202. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46951. Type-locality: Houston, Texas. New synonymy. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 143 PARATACHYS STRIAX (Darlington), new combination Tachys striax Darlington, 1934:82. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 19502. Type- locality: Soledad, Cuba. PARATACHYS SUBANGULATUS (Bates), new combination Tachys subangulatus Bates, 1871c:11. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil. PARATACHYS TRECHULUS (Darlington), new combination Tachys trechulus Darlington, 1935:177. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 22018. Type-locality: Blue Mountain Forest Reserve, Jamaica. PARATACHYS UMBRIPENNIS (Chaudoir), new combination Tachys umbripennis Chaudoir, 1868:213. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Louisiana, according to label of type. Hayward (1900: 235) wrongly synonymized this with P. pumilum Dejean. PARATACHYS VENTRICOSUS (LeConte), new combination Tachys ventricosus LeConte, 1863:20. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5574. Type-locality: Louisiana. Tachys oopterus Chaudoir, 1868:212. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Louisiana. Hayward (1900:227). PARATACHYS VERNILIS (Casey), new combination Tachys vernilis Casey, 1918:202. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46952. Type-locality: Brownsville, Texas. PARATACHYS VORAX (LeConte), new combination Tachys vorax LeConte, 1851:194, Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5569. Type-locality: Gila River, Arizona. [Pericompesus LeConte, see Erwin (1974).] [PoLypERID1us Jeannel, see Polyderis.| Polyderis Motschulsky Polyderis Motschulsky, 1862:27. Type-species: Tachys brevicornis Chaudoir, 1846:193; subsequent designation by Jeannel, 1941:424. Microtachys Casey, 1918:210. Type-species: Bembidium laevum Say, 1823:88; subsequent designation by Jeannel, 1941:424, Lindroth, 1966:424. Jeannel, 1941: 424, Neotachys Kult, 1961:2. Type-species: Tachys algiricus Lucas, 1846:79; by monotypy and original designation. Lindroth, 1966:424. Polyderidius Jeannel, 1962:611. Type-species: Polyderidius rapoporti Jeannel, 1962:612; original designation. New synonymy. [PoLYDERIS AEQUINOCTIALIS Motschulsky, see Paratachys aequinoctialis. | POLYDERIS ANTIGUA Erwin Polyderis antigua Erwin, 1971:234. Holotype, a female, in Chiapas Amber ( Late Oligocene or early Miocene), No. 12974/B-7456, in UCBP. Type-locality: Chia- pas, Mexico. PoLyDERIS ATOMA (Blackbur), new combination Tachys atomus Blackburn, 1878:158. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Oahu, Hawaii. POLYDERIS CAPITO ( Bates ) Lymnastis capito Bates, 1884:287. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: San Geronimo, Guatemala. Britton (1948:238) wrongly synonymized this name with P. atomus; the two species represented are quite distinct. Erwin, 1971:234. 144 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 POLYDERIS CURVANS (Bates), new combination Tachys curvans Bates, 1882:143. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: San Geronimo, Guatemala. POLYDERIS DIAPHANA (Casey), new combination Tachys diaphanus Casey, 1918:214. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46965. Type-locality: Austin, Texas. POLYDERIS LAEVIS ( Say ) Bembidium laevum Say, 1823:88. Neotype, designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:339) in MCZ. Type-locality: Arlington, Massachusetts designated by Lind- roth, 1966:426. Bembidium troglodytes Dejean, 1831:44. Holotype, probably female, in MHNP. Type-locality: Amerique Septentrionale. Dejean mentions a single individual (1831:44). This name was recognized as a synonym early, LeConte, 1848:472. Tachys congestus Casey, 1918:212. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46962. Type-locality: Norfolk, Virginia. New synonymy. Tachys unistriatus Casey, 1918:212. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46963. Type-locality: Pennsylvania. New synonymy. Tachys flumenalis Casey, 1918:213. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46964. Type-locality: Vicksburg, Mississippi. New synonymy. Tachys rectus Casey, 1918:213. Lectotype, a female, here designated in USNM, No. 46961. Type-locality: Alexandria, Louisiana. New synonymy. Tachys unistriolatus Csiki, 1928:202. New name for T. unistriatus Casey, not Putzeys. POLYDERIS MINUSCULA Motschulsky Polyderis minuscula Motschulsky, 1862:36. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here selected in MMM. Type-locality: Obispo, Panama. POLYDERIS RUFOTESTACEA (Hayward ) Tachys rufotestaceus Hayward, 1900: 217. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 7052. Type-locality: Pomona, California, from type labels. Lindroth, 1966: 426. POLYDERIS RAPOPORTI (Jeannel), new combination Polyderidius rapoporti Jeannel, 1962:612. Holotype missing from MHNP; other authentic specimens present. Type-locality: Serra de San Javier, Parque Aconquija, Argentina (700m). POLYDERIS TANTILLA ( Motschulsky), new combination Tachys_ tantilla Motschulsky, 1862:30. Lectotype, sex undetermined, here selected, in MMM. Type-locality: Obispo, Panama. Porotachys Netolitzky Porotachys Netolitzky, 1914:174. Type-species: Trechus bisulcatus Nicolai, 1822:26; by monotypy. PoROTACHYS BISULCATUS (Nicolai) Trechus bisulcatus Nicolay, 1822:26. Lindroth (1966) thought the type lost. Type-locality: Halle, Germany. Tachys frontalis Hayward, 1900:212. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MCZ, No. 7050. Type-locality: Peekskill, New York. Lindroth, 1966:424. [SpHAEROTACHYs G. Miiller, see Elaphropus.] |TacuyLopHa Motschulsky, see Elaphropus.] PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 145 Tachymenis Motschulsky Tachymenis Motschulsky, 1862:27. Type-species: Bembidium flavicaudus Say, 1823:87; designated by Casey, 1918:220. Jeannel (1941:440) missed Casey’s paper and designated Bembidion nanum Gyllenhal. Mioptachys Bates, 1882:144. Type-species: Mioptachys trechoides, here desig- nated as this is the first named species Bates mentioned. New synonymy. TACHYMENIS AUTUMNALIs (Bates), new combination Tachyta autumnalis Bates, 1882:137. Lectotype, a male, here designated in BMNH. Type-locality: Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico. TACHYMENIS CRUCIGERA (Bates), new combination Tachyta crucigera Bates, 1871c:12. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil. TACHYMENIS CUCUJOIDEs (Bates), new combination Tachyta cucujoides Bates, 1882:138. Lectotype, a male, here designated in BMNH. Type-locality: Belize, Belize. TACHYMENIS FLAVICAUDA (Say) Bembidium flavicaudus Say, 1823:87. Neotype designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:339) in MCZ. Type-locality: White Sulphur Springs, West Vir- ginia, as designated by Lindroth (1966:441). Tachymenis marginicollis Motschulsky, 1862:32. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: New Orleans, Louisiana. Bates (1882) recognized this name as a possible synonym of T. flavicauda, Casey (1918) and Lindroth (1966) declared it such, and I agree. TACHYMENIS INSULARIS ( Darlington) Xystosomus insularis Darlington, 1939:86. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 23508. Type-locality: Loma Vieja, Dominican Republic. Erwin, 1973a:1. [TACHYMENIS MARGINICOLLIS Motschulsky, see Tachymenis flavicauda. ] TACHYMENIS MELANIA (Bates), new combination Tachyta melania Bates, 1871c:12. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Rio Janeiro, Brazil. TACHYMENIS NEOTROPICA (Csiki), new combination Tachys neotropicus Csiki, 1928:189. New name for Tachys marginicollis Schaum (1863:89) not Motschulsky. Tachys marginicollis Schaum, 1863:89. Type series presumed lost. Dr. Hieke of HUB sent me 21 specimens under this name from Schaum collection, however all were pale, not “Niger, subaeneus” as Schaum stated, and they were labelled Panama, not Venezuela. The description leaves little doubt that Tachymenis is the correct genus however. TACHYMENIS Noctis (Darlington), new combination Tachys noctis Darlington, 1935:174. Holotype, a male, MCZ No. 22014. Type- localiay: Rocke Croix, Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. TACHYMENIS OCULARIS Casey Tachymenis ocularis Casey, 1918:222. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46972. Type-locality: Quiriqua, Guatemala. TACHYMENIS OOPTEROIDES (Bates), new combination Mioptachys oopteroides Bates, 1882:144. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, in BMNH. Type-locality: Totonicapam, Guatemala. 146 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 TACHYMENIS PARALLELA (Bates), new combination Tachyta parallela Bates, 1871c:12. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Ega (Tefé), Brazil. Tachys batesi Csiki, 1928:169. New name for T. parallela Bates, not Motschul- sky. [TACHYMENIS REFLEXICOLLIS Motschulsky, see Tachymenis flavicauda. | TACHYMENIS TRECHOIDES (Bates), new combination Mioptachys trechoides Bates, 1882:144. Lectotype, sex undetermined because of specimen condition, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Totonicapam, Guatemala. TACHYMENIS XANTHURA (Bates), new combination Tachyta xanthura Bates, 1871c:12. Holotype, a female, labelled as such by me, in MHNP. Bates mentioned specifically that he saw only one specimen. Type- locality: Rio Janeiro. [TACHYPHANES Jeannel, see Elaphropus. | Tachys Stephens Tachys Stephens, 1829:4. Type-species: Tachys scutellaris Stephens, 1829:5; subsequent designation by Hope (1838:61). Isotachys Casey, 1918:204. Type-species: Tachys vittiger LeConte, 1851:193; subsequent designation by Lindroth (1966:427). Isotachys was treated as a sub- genus by Casey (1918) and Lindroth (1966). In my analysis of the world fauna, I do not think the included species deserve more than “species group” status. [TacHys ABRuPTUS Darlington, see Paratachys abruptus.] [TACHYS AENEIPENNIS Motschulsky, see Paratachys aeneipennis. | [Tacuys ALBIPEs LeConte, see Paratachys albipes.] [TACHYs AMPLICOLLIS Bates, see Meotachys amplicollis.] [TACcHYs ANCEPS LeConte, see Elaphropus anceps. | [TAcHYys ANTHRAX LeConte, see Elaphropus anthrax. | [TACHYs ARCANICOLA Blackburn, see Paratachys arcanicola. | TACHYS ARGENTINICUS Csiki Tachys argentinicus Csiki, 1928:168. New name for T. dromioides Jensen-Ha- arup not Bates. Bates’ species belongs to Paratachys. Tachys dromioides Jensen-Haarup, 1910:554. Lectotype, a male, here desig- nated, in ZMC. Type-locality: “Prov. Mendoza,” Argentina. This name is a junior primary homonym of T. dromioides Bates, 1871b:269. [TacHys AtoMus Blackburn, see Polyderis atomus.] [TAcHys AuDAx LeConte, see Elaphropus dolosus.] [|Tacuys BATEs! Csiki, see Tachymenis parallela.] [TAcHYs BEAUMONTI Casey, see Paratachys beaumonti.| [TAcHYs BEEBEI Mutchler, see Tachys vittiger.] [TACHYS BONARIENSIS Steinheil, see Paratachys bonariensis. | TACHYS BRADYCELLINUS Hayward Tachys bradycellinus Hayward, 1900:224. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 7053. This specimen was noted as a unique by Hayward (1900:224). Type-locality: Louisiana. TACHYS BRYANTI Lindroth Tachys bryanti Lindroth, 1966:430. Holotype, a male, in CAS, No. 10007. Type-locality: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. [Tacuys CAPAXx LeConte, see Elaphropus vivax.] PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 147 [TacHys cArtB Darlington, see Paratachys carib.] [TACHYS CASTANEICOLOR Bates, see Paratachys castaneicolor. | [TACHYs CHIRIQUINUS Bates, see Paratachys chiriquinus. | [TACHYS COCKERELLI Fall, see Elaphropus cockerelli. | [TAcHYs CONJUGENS Notman, see Elaphropus conjugens. | TACHYs CORAX LeConte Tachys corax LeConte, 1851:194. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5572. Type-locality: “Colorado desert (New River ).” Tachys funebris Casey, 1918:205. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46954. Type-locality: Provo, Utah. New synonymy. Tachys esurialis Casey, 1918:209. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46953. Type-locality: San Diego, California. New synonymy. [TACHYS COLUMBIENSIS Hayward, see Paratachys columbiensis. | [TAcHys CONGEsTUS Casey, see Polyderis laevis.] [TacHys corruscus LeConte, see Paratachys pumilum. ] [TacHys cruciatus Chaudoir, see Elaphropus cruciatus. | [TacHys cuBAx Darlington, see Paratachys cubax.| [TACHYs CUNEATUS Casey, see Paratachys oblitus.] [| TAcHyYs CuRVANS Bates, see Polyderis curvans.] [TACHYs CYCLODERUS Bates, see Paratachys cycloderus. | [TAcHYs DIAPHANUS Casey, see Polyderis diaphanus. | [TAcHys DIMINUTUs Bates, see Paratachys diminutus. | [TACHYS DIPLOHARPINUS Bates, see Paratachys diploharpinus. | [Tacuys poLosus LeConte, see Elaphropus dolosus.] [TACHYS DOMINICANUS Darlington, see Paratachys dominicanus. | [TACHYS DROMIOIDES Bates, see Paratachys dromioides. | [Tacuys EDAx LeConte, see Paratachys edax.] [TACHYS ENSENADE Mutchler, see Tachys vittigar. | [TACHYS ESURIALIS Casey, see Tachys corax.] [TacHys FALLI Hayward, see Tachyta falli.] [Tacuys FAscrATus (Boheman), see Tachys oahuensis. | [Tacuys FILAXx Darlington, see Paratachys filax.] [Tacuys FLAvicoLLis Motschulsky, see Paratachys flavicollis.] |[TACHYS FLUMENALIS Casey, see Polyderis laevis.] [TACHYs FRATERCULUS Bates, see Meotachys fraterculus. | [TACHYys FRONTALIS Hayward, see Porotachys bisulcatus. | [Tacuys Fuscicornis Chaudoir, see Elaphropus fuscicornis. | [TacHys FUNEBRIS Casey, see Tachys corax.] [TACHYs GENTILIS Casey, see Paratachys oblitus.] TACHys HALOPHILUS Lindroth Tachys halophilus Lindroth, 1966:428. Holotype, a male, in CNC. Type- locality: Woodside, N.W. Portage-la-Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. [TACHYS HISPANIOLAE Darlington, see Tachyta hispaniolae.| [TacHys HYALINAS Casey, see Paratachys hyalinas.| [TACHYs INSULARUM Bates, see Meotachys insularum.] [TacHys IowENsIs Casey, see Paratachys oblitus. | [Tacuys JANSONI Bates, see Meotachys jansoni. | [TacHys LATALATUus Csiki, see Paratachys latalatus. | 148 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 [TACHYS LATIPENNIS Hayward, see Paratachys latalatus.] [TACHYS LAXICOLLIS Casey, see Paratachys spadix.] [TAacHys LIEBECKI Hayward, see Elaphropus liebecki.] [TACHYS LIMBATELLUs Bates, see Paratachys limbatellus.] TACHYS LITORALIS Casey Tachys litoralis Casey, 1884:15. Holotype, a female, in USNM, No. 46955. Type-locality: Atlantic City, New Jersey. Casey (1884:16) specifically mentions “one specimen.” Hayward (1900:234) wrongly synonymized T. litoralis with T. pallidus. Tachys occultator Casey, 1884:69. Holotype, a female, in MCZ, No. 5576. Type- locality: Cape May, New Jersey. Casey (1884:70) again specifically mentions “1” specimen. New synonymy. Tachys omissus Casey, 1918:206. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46956. Type-locality: Fort Monroe, Virginia. New synonymy. Tachys luridicollis Casey, 1918:207. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46957. Type-locality: Galveston, Texas. New synonymy. Tachys torrescans Casey, 1918:207. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46958. Type-locality: Pass Christian, Mississippi. New synonymy. | TACHYS LYMNAEOIDES Bates, see Tachys misellus. ] [TacHys LucuBris Motschulsky, see Paratachys lugubris.] [TACHYS LURIDICOLLIS Casey, see Tachys litoralis.| [TACHYS MARGINICOLLIS Schaum, see Tachymenis flavicauda. | [TACHYS MARGINELLUS LeConte, see Tachys vittiger.] [TACHYS MENDAX LeConte, see Elaphropus vivax. ] [TAcHys MICROSPILUS Bates, see Elaphropus microspilus. } TACHYS MISELLUS Laferte Tachys misellus Laferte, 1841:48. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Texas. Tachys lymnaeoides Bates, 1882:139. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Champerico, Guatemala. New synonymy. |TAcHYys MoNnsTICTUs Bates, see Paratachys monstictus. | TACHYS MORDAX LeConte Tachys mordax LeConte, 1851:193. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5564. Type-locality: Colorado. [TAacHys MuCESCENS Blackburn, see Elaphropus ceylanicus.] [TACHYS MULTISTRIATA Motschulsky, see Paratachys flavicollis. | [TACHYS MUNDULUS Bates, see Elaphropus mundulus.] [TAcHys NEBULOSUs Chaudoir, see Elaphropus nebulosus. | [TAcHys NEOTROPICUS Csiki, see Tachymenis neotropicus. | [Tacuys Noctis Darlington, see Tachymenis noctis.] [TACHYS NUBIFER Casey, see Paratachys proximus. | TAcHyYs OAHUENSIS Blackburn Tachys oahuensis Blackburn, 1878:158. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in BMNH. Type-locality: Oahu, Hawaii. Trechus fasciatus Boheman, 1858:17. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in SRM. Type-locality: “Insula Oahu (Honolulu)” Hawaii. This name is a junior primary homonym of T. fasciatus Motschulsky, 1851:506. Motschulsky’s T. fas- ciatus is now considered a Paratachys. [TAcHys oBEsULUS LeConte, see Elaphropus obesulus.]| PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 149 [TAcHYs OBLIQUUS Casey, see Paratachys oblitus.]| [TAcHys OBLITUS Casey, see Paratachys oblitus.] [TACHYS OBTUSELLUS Bates, see Elaphropus obtusellus. | [TACHYs OCCULTATOR Casey, see Tachys litoralis.] [Tacuys occuLttus LeConte, see Elaphropus occultus.] [TAcHys omissus Casey, see Tachys litoralis.] [TAcHys oopTrERuS Chaudoir, see Paratachys ventricosus. | [TAcHYs OvIPENNIS Chaudoir, see Elaphropus ferrugineum. | [TACHYS PALLESCENS Casey, see Paratachys scitulus.] Tacuys PALLIDUS Chaudoir Tachys pallidus Chaudoir, 1868:212. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Texas. [TACHYS PANAMENSIS Casey, see Paratachys panamensis. | [TAcHys PAULAX Darlington, see Paratachys paulax.] [TACHYS PERICALLIS Bates, see Elaphropus pericallis. | [Tacuys picEoLus Laferte, see Paratachys piceolus. | [TAcuys prcrurAtTus Putzeys, see Tachys vittiger. | [TACHYS PLATYDERUS Bates, see Meotachys platyderus. | TACHYS PULCHELLUS Laferté Tachys pulchellus Laferté, 1841:45. Lectotype, sex not determined because of specimens condition, here designated, in MHNP. Type-locality: Texas. Tachys pugnax Casey, 1918:207. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46959. Type-locality: Galveston, Texas. New synonymy. Tachys subtropicus Casey, 1918:208, Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46960. Type-locality: Brownsville, Texas. New synonymy. [TACcHYs PUGNAX Casey, see Tachys pulchellus.| [TACHYys PURGATUS Bates, see Elaphropus purgatus.] [Tacuys purzeyi Fleutiaux and Sallé, see Paratachys albipes.| [TacHys RAPAX LeConte, see Elaphropus dolosus. ] [TacHys RECTANGULUS Notman, see Paratachys rectangulus. | [TAcHys RECTUS Casey, see Polyderis laevus.} [TACHYS RHODEANUS Casey, see Paratachys rhodeanus. | [| TAcHys RHODENSIS Csiki, see Elaphropus incurvus.] | TACHYS RUFOTESTACEUS Hayward, see Polyderis rufotestaceus. | [Tacuys RuFULA Motschulsky, see Meotachys rufula. | [TAcHYs SAGAX Casey, see Paratachys sagax.| |Tacuys sciruLus LeConte, see Paratachys scitulus. | [TAcHuys sEQUAXx LeConte, see Paratachys sequax.| [TacHys spApIx Casey, see Paratachys spadix.] [Tacuys sguirest Bates, see Meotachys squiresi. ] [Tacuys strirax Darlington, see Paratachys stritax.] [Tacuys suBANGULATUs Bates, see Paratachys subangulatus. | [TacHys suspuncratus Blatchley, see Elaphropus brunnicollis.] [Tacuys susrropicus Casey, see Tachys pulchellus.] [TACHYs sULCIPENNIS Bates, see Meotachys sulcipennis.| [TacHys TANTILLA Motschulsky, see Polyderis tantilla. | [TAcHYs TEMPORALIS Casey, see Paratachys hyalinus. | TACHYS TRANSLUCENS Darlington 150 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Tachys translucens Darlington, 1934:123. Holotype, a male, in MCZ, No. 22484. Type-locality: Boqueron, Cuba. [TACHYs TRECHIFORMIs Hayward, see Elaphropus conjugens. | [TACHYs TRECHOIDES Csiki, see Elaphropus conjugens. | [TACHYs TRECHULUS Darlington, see Paratachys trechulus. | [TacHys TRITAX Darlington, see Elaphropus tritax. | [TACHYS UMBRIPENNIS Chaudoir, see Paratachys umbripennis. | [TACHYS UNISTRIATUS Casey, see Polyderis laevus.] [TACHYs UNISTRIOLATUS Csiki, see Polyderis laevus. | [TACHYys VENTRICOSUS LeConte, see Paratachys ventricosus. | [TACHYS VERNILIS Casey, see Paratachys vernilis. | TAcuHys virco LeConte Tachys virgo LeConte, 1851:194. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5567. Type-locality: San Diego, California. TACHYS VITTIGER LeConte Tachys vittiger LeConte, 1851:193. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5565. Type-locality: San Diego, California. Tachys marginellus LeConte, 1851:193. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MCZ, No. 5566. Type-locality: “‘Circa millia xxx a mare, flumen Colorado.” Hay- ward (1900:222). Tachys picturatus Putzeys, 1874:119. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in IRSN. Type-locality: Antigua, West Indies. New synonymy. Tachys beebi Mutchler, 1924:223. Holotype, a male, in AMNH. Type-locality: South Seymour, Galapagos Islands. Erwin (1973:125). Tachys ensenade Mutchler, 1934:3. Holotype, a male, in AMNH. Type-locality: Ensenada, Puerto Rico. Erwin (1973:125). [Tacuys vivAx LeConte, see Elaphropus vivax.] [TAcHys vorAx LeConte, see Paratachys vorax. | [TacHuys YUNAX Darlington, see Elaphropus yunax. | Tachyta Kirby Tachyta Kirby, 1837:56. Type-species: Tachyta picipes Kirby, 1837:56; by monotypy. T. picipes Kirby is a junior synonym of T. nana (Gyllenhal). TACHYTA ANGULATA Casey Tachyta angulata Casey, 1918:216. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46966. Type-locality: Bayfield, Wisconsin. [TACHYTA ARIZONICA Casey, see Tachyta nana. | [TACHYTA AUTUMNALIs Bates, see Tachymenis autumnalis. | [TACHYTA CALIFORNICA Casey, see Tachyta nana. | [TACHYTA COLLARIS Casey, see Tachyta nana. ] [TACHYTA CRUCIGERA Bates, see Tachymenis crucigera. | [TacHyTa CucuJOWEs Bates, see Tachymenis cucujoides. | [TACHYTA DIBILICOLLIS Casey, see Tachyta nana. | TACHYTA FALLI (Hayward), new combination Tachys falli Hayward, 1900:199. Lectotype, here designated, a male, in MCZ, No. 7048. Type-locality: Siskiyou County, California. TACHYTA HISPANIOLAE (Darlington), new combination Tachys hispaniolae Darlington, 1934:77. Holotype, a female, in MCZ, No. 19499. Type-locality: Grande Rivére, Haiti. [TacHYTA kirByI Casey, see Tachyta nana. | PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 151 [TACHYTA MELANIA Bates, see Tachymenis melania. | TACHYTA NANA (Gyllenhal ) Bembidium nanum Gyllenhal, 1810:30. Lectotype, a male, in UMU, designated by Lindroth (1966:436). Tachyta nana (Gyllenhal). Bates, 1882:137. Bembidium inornatum Say, 1823:87. Neotype designated by Lindroth and Freitag (1969:339) in MCZ. Type-locality: Asheville, North Carolina, designated by Lindroth (1966:436). Hayward (1900:233) treated B. inornatum as a junior synonym of T. nana as did Lindroth (1966:436 ). Tachyta picipes Kirby, 1834:56. Lectotype, a female, here designated in BMNH. Type-locality: “British America, latitude 50°.” Lindroth (1953:176) reported that two specimens, glued on a card of one pin, were in BMNH. He did not indicate which was lectotype. During my visit in 1971 to BMNH I found that one specimen had become unglued and was lost. I reglued the remaining specimen and selected it as lectotype. LeConte (1848:471) and Casey (1918:218) treated T. picipes as a junior synonym of T. inornata. Hayward (1900:233) and Lindroth (1966:436 ) treated T. picipes as a junior synonym of T. nana. Tachys rivularis Motschulsky, 1846:8. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in MMM. Type-locality: “California” as indicated on label of type “C.” One para- lectotype is labelled “Sitka,” and “California.” Hayward (1900:233) and Lindroth (1966:436) treated T. rivularis as a junior synonym of T. nana. Tachyta kirbyi Casey, 1918:216. Lectotype, a male, here selected, in USNM, No. 46967. Type-locality: Duluth, Minnesota. Lindroth (1966:436) treated T. kirbyi as a junior synonym of T. nana. Tachyta californica Casey, 1918:219. Lectotype, a female, here designated, in USNM, No. 46970. Type-locality: Humboldt County, California. Lindroth (1966: 437 ) treated T. californica as a junior synonym of T. nana. Tachyta collaris Casey, 1918:218. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46968. Type-locality: Washington (State). Lindroth (1966:436) treated T. collaris as a junior synonym of T. nana. Tachyta arizonica Casey, 1918:219. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46969. Type-locality: Arizona. New synonymy. Tachyta debilicollis Casey, 1918:219. Lectotype, a male, here designated, in USNM, No. 46971. Type-locality: Catskill Mountains, New York. Lindroth (1966:437 ) treated T. debilicollis as a junior synonym of T. nana. [TACHYTA PARALLELA Bates, see Tachymenis parallela. | TACHYTA PARVICORNIS Notman Tachyta parvicornis Notman, 1922:100. Holotype, a male, in FDAG. Type- locality: St. Petersburg, Florida. [TacuyTa picipEs Kirby, see Tachyta nana. | [TacuyTa RtvuLARIS Motschulsky, see Tachyta nana.]| [TACHYTA XANTHURA Bates, see Tachymenis xanthura. | [Tacuyura Motschulsky, see Elaphropus. | [TrepaNnoracnys Alluaud, see Elaphropus. | [Xysrosomus Schaum, see Erwin (1973a).] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I heartily thank all of the curators listed herein under “Methods” for their cooperation in the study of type material; and my wife, LaVerne, who aided me 152 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 considerably during study at those museums. I also wish to thank Drs. George E. Ball, Paul D. Hurd, Jr., and Donald R. 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West Indian Carabidae II: Itinerary of 1934; Forests of Haiti; New species; and a new key to Colpodes. Psyche. 42(4):167-215. 1939. West Indian Carabidae. V. New forms from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. Memo. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 13:79-101. 1962. The carabid beetles of New Guinea. Part I. Cicindelinae, Carabinae Harpalinae through Pterostichini. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 126(3): 321-564, 4 plates. Dejean, P. F. M. A. 1831. Species général des Coléoptéres. 5:I-VIII, 1-883. Duftshmid, C. E. 1812. Faunae Austriae. 2. Linz, p. 1-VIII, 1-311. Erwin, T. L. 1971. Fossil Tachyine beetles from Mexican and Baltic amber with notes on a new synonym of an extant group (Col. Carabidae). Entomol. Scand. 2:233-236. 1973a. Studies of the Subtribe Tachyina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini), Part I. A revision of the neotropical genus Xystosomus Schaum. Smiths. Contr. Zool., No. 140. 1973b. Nomenclatorial notes on the Tachyini (Coleoptera: Ca- rabidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 75(1):125. 1974. Studies of the Subtribe Tachyina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembidiini), Part II. A revision of the New World-Australian genus Pericompsus LeConte. Smiths. Contr. Zool., in press. Fall, H. C. 1907. Descriptions of new species. In Fall and Cockerell, the Cole- optera of New Mexico. Trans. American Entomol. Soc. 33:218-272. Fleautiaux, E. and A. Sallé. 1889. Liste des colépteres de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’especes nouvelles. Ann. Soc. Entomol. France. 9:351—484. Germain, P. 1906. Apuntes entomoldjicos. Anal. Univ. Chile. 117:589-653. Gyllenhal, L. 1810. Insecta Suecia I. Skara and Leipzig, p. I-XX, 1-660. Hayward, R. 1900. A study of the species of Tachys of boreal America. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 26:191-239. Hope, F. W. 1838. The Coleopterist’s Manual. I. London, p. 1-168. Jeannel, R. 1932. Revision du genre Limnastis. Société entomologique France, Paris Livre centenaire 1932:167-—187. 1941. Faune de France 39. Coléoptérea Carabiques. Paris. 1, 571 p. 1946. Faune de Empire Francais VI. Coléoptéres Carabiques de la Region Malgache. Paris, p. 1-372. 1962. Les Trechides de la Paleantarctide Occidentale. Biologie de Amérique Australe Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Paris. VII:529-655, Jensen-Haarup, A. C. 1910. New species of Coleoptera from west Argentina. Deutsche Entomol. Zeit. 1910:541-554. Kirby, W. 1837. The Insects. In J. Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana 4. Norwick, p. 1-325. Kult, K. 1961. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tachyiini aus Iran (Coleoptera, Carab- idae). Stutt. Beit. Natur. 57:1-4. LaFerté-Senectére, M. F. T. de. 1841. Description de dix Carabiques nouveaux du Texas et d'une espéce nouvelle de Buprestide de France. Rey. Zool. 1841: 37-51, 95-96. 154 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 LeConte, J. L. 1848. Fig. 1-8. Habitus view of Neoharmonia venusta venusta and N. venusta ampla. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 167 168 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Fig. 9-12. Male and female genitalia. 9, lateral view of male phallobase, N. venusta. 10, male sipho, N. venusta. 11, female spermatheca, N. venusta. 12, female spermatheca and infundibulum, Adalia sp. elongate phallobase and robust sipho of Neoharmonia are unlike any- thing observed in Coccinella or Adalia. The female genitalia of Adalia and Coccinella have a large, distinct infundibulum (fig. 12) and lack the long, tapered nodulus of Neoharmonia. Key TO SuBspEcIES OF NEOHARMONIA VENUSTA (MELSHEIMER) Color of pronotum either mostly black (fig. 5) or pale with 4 distinct black spots as in fig. 1; eastern U.S. to eastern Texas _ venusta venusta (Melsheimer ) Color of pronotum either entirely pale or pale with red or brown spots as in fig. 2, 3, 8; southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico __ venusta ampla (Mulsant) Neoharmonia venusta venusta (Melsheimer ) Coccinella venusta Melsheimer, 1846, p. 175.—Crotch, 1874, p. 108.—Gorham, 1891, p. 156.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 454. Harmonia venusta: Mulsant, 1856, p. 141.—Mulsant, 1866, p. 61. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 169 Neoharmonia venusta: Crotch, 1871, p. 2—Casey, 1899, p. 71.—Leng, 1920, p. 216. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) venusta: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 514. Harmonia notulata Mulsant, 1850, p. 83. Coccinella notulata: Crotch, 1874, p. 108. Neoharmonia notulata: Crotch, 1871, p. 2.—Casey, 1899, p. 91.—Leng, 1920, p. 216. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) notulata: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 514. Neoharmonia venusta var. dissimila Blatchley, 1914, p. 65.—Leng, 1920, p. 216. New synonymy. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) venusta ab. dissimila: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 514. Neoharmonia venusta var. fattigi Blatchley, 1920, 43——Leng and Mutchler, 1927, p. 33. New synonymy. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) venusta ab. fattigi: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 514. Neoharmonia venusta centralis Casey, 1924, p. 157.—Leng and Mutchler, 1937, p. 33. New synonymy. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) venusta ab. centralis: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 514. The extreme variability of the color pattern (fig. 1, 5, 6) in the subspecies has long been recognized. Except for Casey, most authors have considered the names listed in synonymy above as subspecies or varieties of venusta. In the course of this study color forms have been seen in series from each locality and it is apparent that geographic subspecies cannot be established based on color pattern. There being no apparent morphological differences, all of the names listed above are here considered to be junior synonyms of venusta (Melsheimer). Neoharmonia venusta venusta occurs from Maine and Florida west to Illinois, Kansas and eastern Texas. Specimens have been seen from as far west as Columbus, Texas. Neoharmonia venusta ampla (Mulsant), n. comb. Harmonia ampla Mulsant, 1850, p. 81—Mulsant, 1866, p. 61. Coccinella ampla: Crotch, 1874, p. 108.—Gorham, 1891, p. 156.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 454. Neoharmonia ampla: Leng, 1903, p. 202.—Leng, 1920, p. 216. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) ampla Korschefsky, 1931, p. 509. Harmonia soularyi Mulsant, 1866, p. 63. Coccinella soularyi: Crotch, 1874, p. 109.—Gorham, 1891, p. 156. Coccinella (Neoharmonia) soularyi: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 509. Harmonia cyanoptera Mulsant, 1850, p. 82.—Mulsant, 1866, p. 61. New synonymy. Coccinella cyanoptera: Crotch, 1874, p. 373.—Gorham, 1891, p. 155. Agrabia cyanoptera: Casey, 1899, p. 87.—Leng, 1903, p. 196.—Leng, 1920, p. 216. —Korschefsky, 1931, p. 438.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 454. Harmonia virdipennis Mulsant, 1866, p. 60. Coccinella virdipennis: Crotch, 1874, p. 108. Agrabia cyanoptera ab. virdipennis: Korschefsky, 1931, p. 438.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 454. Coccinella ampla var. rufa Nunenmacher, 1944, p. 146. New synonymy. 170 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 As in the case of venusta venusta, we have here an extreme instance of color variation. Mulsant described cyanoptera from a form with entirely greenish or bluish-black elytra (fig. 7, 8) and ampla from a pale, somewhat spotted form (fig. 2, 3, 4). Crotch (1874) suspected they might be the same species but did not actually synonymize them. A series of specimens (12) in the Canadian National Collection, all with identical data, “S mi. S. Monterrey, N. L., Mexico, VII-12-1963, H. F. Howden/on Platanus” is composed of examples of both typical cyanoptera and typical ampla and it is apparent that the 2 names apply to a single subspecies. Neoharmonia venusta ampla occurs from Brownsville, Texas, and central Texas west to southem California and south to Nuevo Leon, Mexico and Oaxaca, Mexico. Neoharmonia virdipennis (Mulsant) is simply a synonym of ampla. The types of Agrabia sicardi Nunenmacher and Agrabia sicardi var. complexa Nunenmacher in the California Academy of Sciences col- lection have been examined, thanks to a loan by Hugh Leech, and have been found to be conspecific with Anisocalvia 14-guttata (L.). The male of sicardi bearing the labels “Hormmbrook/ Siskiyou Co., Cal., VI- 1-11/coll'd by F. W. Nunenmacher/ Agrabia sicardi Nun., Type” is here designated lectotype. The female bearing identical data is designated paralectotype. The female type of complexa is unique and also bears the same data as the lectotype of sicardi. Nunenmacher (1912) lists the type locality as “Hamburg” but the specimens are labeled “Horn- brook.” It is apparently not possible to definitely establish which is correct, but, since the specimens are labeled “Hornbrook” and, as pointed out by Leech (personal comm.), Hornbrook is higher in altitude (14-guttata is a northern species), that locality is here considered to be the type locality. A single female in the Crotch Collection, University of Cambridge, England, bearing the following labels “TYPE/TYPE ampla” is here considered to be a type of H. ampla and is here designated lectotype. A single male in the Crotch Collection, bearing the following labels, “Playa Vicente/Mexico, Salle Coll./Harmonia soulyari Muls., Type, and Salle” is here considered to be a type of H. soularyi and is here designated lectotype. Five paratypes of Coccinella ampla var. rufa Nunenmacher have been examined and are simply intermediate color forms between typical ampla and cyanoptera. REFERENCES Blackwelder, R. E. 1945. Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Cen- tral America, the West Indies, and South America, Part 3. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 185, 209 pp. Blatchley, W. S. 1914. Notes on the winter and early spring Coleoptera of Florida, with descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomol. 46:61-66. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 fall 1920. Notes on the winter Coleoptera of western and southern Florida, with descriptions of new species. Canadian Entomol. 52:42—-46. Casey, T. L. 1899. A revision of the American Coccinellidae. Jour. New York Entomol. Soc. 7:71-169. 1908. Notes on the Coccinellidae. Canadian Entomol. 40:393—421. 1924. Additions to the known Coleoptera of North America. Mem. Col. 11:1-347. Crotch, G. R. 1871. List of coccinellidae, 8 pp. Cambridge. 1874. A revision of the Coleopterous family Coccinellidae. 311 pp. London. Gorham, H.S. 1891. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Endomy- chidae. 7:150-276. Korschefsky, R. 1931. Pars 120, Coccinellidae I. Vol. 16, pp. 225-659, in Coleopterorum Catalogus. Leng, C. W. 1903. Notes on Coccinellidae.—II. Jour. New York Entomol. Soc. 11:193-213. 1920. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. 470 pp. Mount Vernon, New York. and A. J. Mutchler. 1927. Supplement 1919-1924 (inclusive) to catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, north of Mexico. 78 pp. Mount Vernon, New York. Melsheimer, F. E. 1846. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 3:158-181. Mulsant, E. 1850. Species des coléoptéres triméres sécuripalpes. Ann. Sci. Phys. Nat., Lyon. 2(2):1—1104. 1856. Additions et rectifications au catalogue des coccinellides, publié en 1853. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon. 3:135-156. 1866. Monographie des Coccinellides, pp. 1-294. Paris. Nunenmacher, F. W. 1912. Studies amongst the Coccinellidae, No. 4 (Col.). Entomol. News. 23:448—451. 1944. Studies among the Coccinellidae—No. 9 (Coleoptera). Pan- Pacific Entomol. 20:146. Rye, E.C. 1873. Insecta. In Zoo. Rec. for 1873, vol. 8. Timberlake, P. H. 1943. The Coccinellidae or lady beetles of the Koeble Col- lection—Part I. Hawaiian Plat Rec. 47:1-67. Weise, J. 1898. Coccinelliden aus Kamerun. Deutsche Entomol. Zeits., pp. 97— Zo: NEW SPECIES OF CRYPTADIUS FROM TEXAS AND SONORA (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) RicHarp LEE BERRY Ohio Department of Health, Encephalitis Unit, P.O. Box 2568, Columbus, Ohio 43216 ABSTRACT—Cryptadius triplehorni n. sp. is described from Big Bend National Park, Texas, U.S.A. and C. sonorae n. sp., from 2 localities in Sonora, Mexico. These are the first records of Cryptadius species occurring outside the maritime regions of California and Baja California and the first record of a species from the continental interior. Cryptadius inflatus was described by LeConte (1951) as a new genus and species from San Diego, California. The genus remained monotypic until 1907, when Casey described C. oviformis, C. puncti- pennis, and C. curvipes, all from Southern California. Blaisdell de- scribed C. angulatus, C. sinuatus, and C. tarsalis from Baja California in 1923 and reviewed the species from Baja California in 1943. All of the above species have coarse, dense punctures or punctato-scabrous scultpuring on the fronto-vertex area. The following describes two new species, one which lacks coarse punctures on the fronto-vertex and occurs in the interior of continental North America, and another which has coarse punctures on the fronto-vertex and occurs along the coast of the Gulf of California in Sonora, Mexico. Cryptadius triplehorni Berry, new species Male (holotype): Dull, light castaneous, strongly oval (fig. 6), dorsum strongly convex, length 4.6 mm, width 3.0 mm. Head with genae distinctly entering eyes; punctures minute and dense on fronto- vertex (fig. 1). Pronotum broadly convex laterally, front edge acutely angled and slightly produced anteriorly, base nearly straight across; basal angles slightly obtuse, abruptly angled; base subequal in width to base of elytra; punctures minute, round, dense, and shallow in middle 4%, becoming oblique and distinctly, minutely granu- late in lateral 1%; granules round to oval. Pronotum with moderately dense, minute setae in lateral 4% and a few moderately long setae on lateral edge; with moderately dense patch of elongate setae directly behind and reaching the eyes. Prostemum densely, minutely punctato-granulate, granules obscuring indistinct punctures. Ventral pronotum with small, elongate granules laterally and elongate, longitudinal rugae mesally; sparsely clothed with elongate setae. Elytra strongly convex later- ally; with punctures subobsolete near base, minute and dense on disc, oblique and with minute oblong granules in lateral 4% and in apical 4%; with sparse, short, erect setae in lateral 4%. Scutellum barely visible, pointed, forming acute notch at base of suture (fig. 6). Epipleuron with moderately dense, rounded granules, evenly distributed, each associated with elongate seta (fig. 4); many epipleural setae longer than width of epipleuron. Mesosternum with median process touching and 172 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 173 slightly overlapping anterior margin of metasternum; with dense minute punctures. Metasternum with punctures minute, moderately dense, oblique, and shallow. Abdominal sterna with moderately dense, oblique, shallow punctures on sterna 1-3; punctures larger, dense, deep, and rounded on sterna 4 and 5. Tegmen (fig. 3) with apicale narrow, cylindrical, and acutely pointed; dorsum, in lateral view broadly, longitudinally convex. Penis acute at apex. Female (allotype): Agrees with the description of the holotype except in size and genitalia. Length 5.1 mm, width 3.3 mm. Measurements: Females, length 4.7-5.4 mm, average (of 7) 5.1 mm; width 3.0-3.7 mm, average (of 7) 3.3 mm. Males, length 4.2-4.8 mm, average (of 26) 4.5 mm; width 2.6-3.1 mm, average (of 26) 2.9 mm. Thirteen others, of un- determined sex, were not measured. Holotype ¢: USA. Texas, Brewster County, Big Bend National Park, Boquillas Canyon, 4 July 1972, R. L. Berry. USNM Type No. 72548. Allotype 2, paratypes 8 6,2 9 (USNM); paratypes 13 ¢,2 9, 6 sex unknown (OSUC);* paratypes 1 6, 1 9, 5 sex unknown (RLBC); paratypes 1 9,3 6, 2 sex unknown (CASC). All with same data as the holotype. In the preceding description, I have called certain punctures “oblique,” because one side of the puncture appears elevated into a lunate or oblong granule and the other side is nearly flush with the surrounding surface. The oblique punctures of C. triplehorni are essentially identical to but less well developed than those of C. inflatus LeConte. Overall, the punctures and granules of C. triplehorni are small and result in a smoother surface than in other Cryptadius species. In C. inflatus and C. sonorae the punctures and granules of the fronto- vertex are fused to a greater or lesser degree and form elongate rugae. In C. sinuatus and C. tarsalis the granules of the fronto-vertex are less well developed, although the punctures are large and distinct. Other differences include: 1) the presence of long setae (fig. 4) on the median portion of the epipleuron, these are absent or very short in other Cryptadius, although all the Cryptadius I have seen have long setae on the dorsal edge of the epipleuron (fig. 4, Ds); 2) the apicale is cylindrical and slender, and the penis is acutely pointed in C. triple- horni (fig. 3), but the apicale is dorso-ventrally compressed and the penis is blunt at the apex in all other Cryptadius seen (fig. 2, 8). Cryptadius triplehorni is also 0.1 to 2.4 mm shorter and is more strongly oval than other Cryptadius, according to their original descriptions (fig. 5-7). All the specimens of C. triplehorni known to me were taken during a two-hour period after sundown, on sand deposits several feet above the level of the Rio Grande River. Nearby there was more solid, packed co for depositories are those established by Arnett and Samuelson 1969). 174 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 \ i ' ! 1 ' 1 ' ! 5 6 I Fig. 1. Cryptadius triplehorni, frontal view of head and pronotum, showing surface sculpture of fronto-vertex. Fic. 2-3, 8. Ventral view of tegmen with inter- nal penis represented by a broken line: 2. C. inflatus. 3. C. triplehorni. 8. C. sonorae. Fic. 4, C. triplehorni, ventral view of anterior 74 of left epipleuron, show- ing long, dense setae and parts of adjacent sclerites. Fic. 5-7. Outline of head, prothorax, and elytra in dorsal view: 5. C. inflatus. 6. C. triplehorni. 7. C. sonorae. Abbreviations: Mem, mesepimeron; Mes, metepisternum; E, epipleuron; Ds, row of setae on dorsal edge of epipleuron; a, apicale; b, basale; p, penis. soil or silt, with grasses, rushes, and willows, but few or no C. triple- horni were found there and none were found on rocky terrain at higher and lower elevations. They were observed, sometimes in groups of 4 to 6, feeding on parts of dead cicadas lying on the sand. Presumably, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 175 these cicadas were dismembered and partially eaten by birds during daylight hours. In numbers, C. triplehorni was by far the predominant tenebrionid species observed. The following genera (and number of specimens ) of Tenebrionidae were taken at the same time: Triorophus (10), Metoponium (6), Ulus (6), Hylocrinus (1), Blapstinus (1), Eleodes (1), and Telabis (1). The habitats of the species described by LeConte and Casey are in the maritime regions of Southern California (Casey, 1907). Presum- ably Blaisdell’s species, described from Baja California, Mexico and nearby islands, are found in similar habitats, which may be charac- terized as having sand deposits not far from water. Due to this common habitat, it seems possible that C. triplehorni is a riverine “sand loving” species—the first on record. It is the first species described from the interior of the North American continent. I take great pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Charles A. Triplehorn, who has done much to increase our knowledge of and encourage the study of the Tenebrionidae. Cryptadius sonorae Berry, new species Male (holotype): Moderately shining, castaneous, oval (fig. 7), dorsum convex, length 5.8 mm, width 3.1 mm. Head with genae only slightly entering eyes; punctures of moderate size, dense, and contiguous to confluent on fronto-vertex, tending to form concentric swirls of confluent punctures and rugulae. Pronotum with sides only slightly convex (fig. 7); front edge broadly, slightly concave; front angles abruptly rounded, not pro- duced anteriorly; base slightly, broadly convex; basal angles obtuse, slightly rounded; base narrower than elytra at base; punctures moderately large, dense, round, and deep in middle 4%, becoming dense, oblique, and confluent laterally and forming longitudinal rugae between punctures. Pronotum with sparse, mod- erately long, erect setae on lateral edge; with short setae near lateral sides, and with small patch of moderately dense, short setae directly behind eyes, not reaching eyes. Prosternum with moderately dense, large, lunato-granulate punctures. Ventral pronotum punctato-rugose, sparsely clothed with short setae. Elytra with sides strongly convex; with punctures distinct, dense, small, asso- ciated with rounded granules, shallower in lateral ¥% and apical '%; with sparse, short, erect setae in lateral and apical 4%. Scutellum distinctly visible, rounded at apex and forming rounded notch at base of suture (fig. 7). Epipleuron with row of moderately long, golden-colored setae along outer edge and with sparse, short setae mesally; with a few subobsolete granules mesally. Mesosternum with median process just touching anterior margin of metasternum; with dense, moderately large punctures. Metasternal punctures moderately large, moderately dense, and shallow. Abdominal sterna sparsely, minutely punctate on sterna 1-3; punctures larger and dense, deep, and rounded on sterna 4 and 5. Tegmen (fig. 8) with apicale narrow, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened, acute, and distinctly notched at apex; dorsum horizontal in lateral view. Penis blunt at apex. Female (allotype): Agrees with description of holotype except in size, color, and genitalia. Color dark castaneous. Length 6.8 mm, width 3.6 mm. 176 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Measurements of paratypes: Desemboque @, length 6.5 mm, width 3.6 mm; San Pedro Bay 2, length 5.5 mm, width 3.0 mm. Holotype é: Desemboque, Sonora, Mexico, VIII-1-15-53, B. Malkin, CASC Type No. 11,785. Allotype @ and 1 paratype 9: Same data as holotype. Other paratype—1 ¢ San Pedro Bay, Sonora, Mexico, 3-IV-1953, P. H. Amaud. Cryptadius sonorae agrees with all previously described species, except C. triplehorni, in that it has moderately large punctures on the fronto-vertex. It may be most easily distinguished from the other known species by the fact that the pronotum is less strongly narrowed anteriorly and the base of the pronotum is narrower than the base of the elytra (fig. 7), whereas they are subequal in width in other species (fig. 5,6). Also, the postocular setae of the pronotum are shorter and less conspicuous and the lateral setae of the pronotum are more con- spicuous, by their erectness, than in the other species examined. This is the first species known from the mainland of Mexico. DIscussION The previously known distribution of Cryptadius was in the Pacific coastal areas of Southern California and Baja California, whereas C. triplehorni is found in the Great Bend extension of the Mexican High- lands. Finding a species of Cryptadius so far inland and east of the continental divide negates any general supposition that the genus is restricted to Pacific coastal habitats and raises the question of what the actual geographic distribution is. I believe other riverine popu- lations should exist, widely distributed in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In 1923, Blaisdell summarily dismissed all of Casey’s species with the statement “Casey had only inflatus and phases, with rounded basal angles, when he reviewed the genus.” I do not feel that Blaisdell was justified in his synonymy of Casey’s species with inflatus LeConte, but I make that statement only because of the flippant manner in which Blaisdell dismissed Casey’s species. He may have been justified, but he gave no indication that he had given the synonymy a thorough study. A thorough review of the species of Cryptadius is in order before that synonymy can be accepted. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Charles A. Triplehorn of Ohio State University for the loan of specimens of C. inflatus for study. Thanks are also due to Mr. Hugh B. Leech of the California Academy of Sciences for lending me specimens of C. inflatus, C. sinuatus, and C. tarsalis for study; and to my wife, Connie, for typing this manuscript. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 ify REFERENCES Arnett, R. H., Jr. and G. A. Samuelson. 1969. Directory of Coleoptera Collec- tions of North America. Purdue University, Lafayette, vii + 123 pp. Blaisdell, F. E., Sr. 1923. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Series 4, 12(12):201-288. 1943. Contributions toward a knowledge of the insect fauna of Lower California. No. 7. Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. Series 4, 24(7):171—228, pls. 10-11. Casey, T. L. 1907. A revision of the American components of the tenebrionid subfamily Tentyriinae. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 9:275-522. LeConte, J. L. 1851. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera, from California. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 5:125-216. REDESCRIPTION OF TERPIDES DEMOULIN FROM ST. VINCENT, WEST INDIES (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE) WILuiAM L. PETERS Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307 and A. D. Harrison Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 ABSTRACT—Terpides jessiae, a new species of the Leptophlebiidae from St. Vincent, West Indies, is described from reared nymphs and adults. Nymphs of Terpides Demoulin are redescribed and the adults are described for the first time. Relationships of Terpides to other genera are discussed. This is the first record of a leptophlebiid genus known from continental South America and an island of the West Indies. Demoulin (1966) established Terpides for T. guyanensis which he described from 11 nymphs collected in the Surinam River Drainage. Recently one of us (A.D.H.) collected and reared a new species of Terpides in St. Vincent, West Indies. The following terms and procedures used in the generic descriptions of the imagos and nymphs require further explanation. Venational terminology used is as given by Peters (1971). Each segment of the fore legs of the male imagos is compared to the length of the fore tibiae and expressed as a ratio, while the average length in millimeters of the fore tibiae is given in parentheses. In the figure of the labium, the ventral surface is shown on the right hand side of the drawing, and the dorsal surface is shown on the left. We offer our sincere thanks to Dr. Jessie J. Rankin for help in rearing the nymphs, and to Janice G. Peters for preparation of the illustrations under our supervision. Laboratory research was supported by a grant from the Cooperative State Research Service, U.S.D.A., and fieldwork on St. Vincent was financed by the Rockefeller Foundation. Terpides Demoulin, 1966 Fig. 1-20 Terpides Demoulin, 1966: 15. Imago. Length of ¢: body, 4.8-5.6 mm; fore wings, 5.2-5.9 mm. Length of 2 subimago: body, 5.3 mm; fore wings, 6.5 mm. Eyes of ¢ meet on meson of head, lower portion of eyes *%4 length of upper portion, eyes of 2 subimago sepa- rated on meson of head by a length 4 times as great as maximum width of an eye. Wings (fig. 1-3): vein R; of fore wings forked ¥%5 of distance from base to margin; vein MA forked a little more than 1% of distance from base to margin, fork asym- 178 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 179 metrical, distal portion of vein MA sagged posteriorly; vein MP: attached at base to vein MP, with a cross vein % of distance from base to margin; cubital area as in fig. 1; cross veins few. Costal projection of hind wings well developed, rounded (fig. 2-3), apex located % distance from base; apex of wings acute, rounded (fig. 2-3); cross veins few. Legs: ratios of segments in ¢ fore legs, 0.60: 1.00 (2.5 mm): 0.04: 0.40: 0.30: 0.20: 0.10. Claws of a pair alike, each apically hooked (fig. 4). ¢ genitalia (fig. 5): segment 3 of forceps % length of segment 2, segment 2 of forceps 4% length of segment 1, base of forceps bulbous, apical 4 of segment 1 a little broader than middle, forceps bowed inwardly as in fig. 5; length of styliger plate along median line less than 4% maximum width, postero- lateral projections extend dorsally over forceps base; basal 7 of penes fused, apical ¥% of penes divided and tubular, apex of penis lobes acute, rounded, penes progres- sively broader basally. Ninth sternum of 9 subimago deeply cleft apically (fig. 9). Terminal filament longer than cerci. Mature nymph: Head prognathous. Antennae 2 times maximum length of head. Mouthparts (fig. 10-16): dorsal hairs on labrum as in fig. 13; submedian areas of hair ventrally, 6 small, subequal sized denticles on anteromedian emargination (fig. 14). Clypeus as in fig. 13. Left mandible as in fig. 10. Lingua of hypo- pharynx rectangular (fig. 15); superlingua of hypopharynx as in fig. 15, with row of hairs along anterior margin. Segment 2 of maxillary palpi subequal in length to segment 1; segment 3 of palpi 2 to *4 length of segment 2, triangular; V-shaped ridge near ventral, inner anterolateral margin of maxillae; hair on maxillae as in fig. 11-12. Labium as in fig. 16; segment 2 of palpi *%4 length of segment 1; segment 3 of palpi more than 4 length of segment 2, triangular; paraglossae ventral to glossae, glossae curved over ventrally (fig. 16). No visible hairs or setae on body. Legs (fig. 17-18): apex of claws hooked and narrow, a large denticle in middle of inner margin, basal to large denticle several denticles, denticles progressively larger apically, apical to large denticle several small, equal sized denticles. Gills (fig. 19): gills on segments 1-7 alike; dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae slender, each portion tapered smoothly at apex; main trunk of tracheae along median line of lamellae, tracheae on both sides of main trunk branched, tracheae pigmented. Posterolateral spines on abdominal segments 3 or 5 to 6 and 8-9, spines absent on segment 7, spines progressively larger posteriorly. Terminal filament longer than cerci; long hairs on basal 4% of inner margin of cerci and lateral margins of terminal filament. Type-species: Terpides guyanensis Demoulin, by original desig- nation. Terpides jessiae Peters and Harrison, new species Fig. 1-20 Male imago (in alcohol): Length: body, 4.8-5.6 mm; fore wings, 5.2-5.9 mm. Upper portion of eyes brown, lower portion black. Head brown, anterior margin and carinae blackish brown. Scape and pedicle of antennae dark brown, flagellum paler. Basal % of ocelli blackish brown, apical % white. Notum and sternum of thorax brown, sutures paler, carinae dark brown; pleurae lighter brown, sutures paler, carinae darker, areas posterior to prothoracic coxae and around mesothoracic coxae washed in light blackish brown. Coxae and trochanters of prothoracic, 180 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Fig. 1-7, Terpides jessiae, 6 imago: 1, fore wing. 2, hind wing. 3, hind wing enlarged. 4, fore claws. 5, genitalia, ventral view. 6, abdominal segments 5-6, dorsal view. 7, abdominal segments 5-6, lateral view. Fig. 8-9, T. jessiae, 9 subimago: 8, abdominal segment 6, dorsal view. 9, ninth sternum, ventral view. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 181 mesothoracic, and metathoracic legs and femora of prothoracic legs dark brown, except a small paler area in middle of femora, apex of prothoracic femora and base of prothoracic tibiae dark blackish brown, middle and apex of mesothoracic and metathoracic femora with a darker brown macula, that on apex darker, re- mainder of legs pale. Wings (fig. 1-3): longitudinal and cross veins of fore and hind wings light brown; membrane of fore and hind wings transparent, hyaline, except some cross veins in anterior 4% of fore wings surrounded with small dark brown clouds as in fig. 1, clouds between cross veins in cells C, S-, and R fuse near bulla. Abdomen: segments 1-7 hyaline, washed with light brown, segments 8 and 9 opaque, washed with light brown; terga 1-8 with a wide, transverse, dark brown band on posterior margin, band widest near meson of each tergum (fig. 6), band faded on terga 7 and 8, terga 1-8 with posterolateral, brown maculae that fuse to posterior band, maculae faded on terga 7 and 8, terga 2-8 with a faint whitish pattern on meson, spiracles blackish brown, tracheae washed lightly with brown (fig. 6-7); sterna 1-8 with narrow, transverse, darker brown band on posterior margins, bands progressively faded posteriorly. Genitalia (fig. 5): light brown, apical % of forceps paler. Caudal filaments pale, wide brown annulations at articulations. Female imago: Unknown. Female subimago (in alcohol): Length: body, 5.3 mm; fore wings, 6.5 mm. Eyes black. Head whitish brown, dark on meson and between ocelli. Scape and pedicle brown, flagellum paler. Basal % of ocelli blackish brown, apical % white. Color and markings of thorax as in ¢ imago, except pleurae paler. Color and markings of legs as in ¢ imago, except median area of prothoracic femora whiter and more distinct. Wings: color and markings of fore and hind wings as in ¢ imago, except membrane translucent, light brown. Abdomen: color and markings as in 6 imago, except mesal pattern on terga 2-8 obscured (fig. 8), and sterna 1-9 uniformly light brown. Caudal filaments pale. Mature nymph (in alcohol): Head brown, venter paler. Color and markings on thorax as in ¢ imago, except venter paler. Color and markings on legs as in é imago, except maculae at apex of mesothoracic and metathoracic femora absent, and middle brown macula of femora darker. Abdomen: light brown, venter lighter, terga 2-9 with darker brown markings as in fig. 20, markings faded on terga 7-9. Gills hyaline, tracheae black. Caudal filaments light brown, darker annulations at articulations. Specimens: All specimens collected from St. Vincent, West Indies. Holotype 6 imago reared with nymphal exuvia, tributary of Chateaubelair Riv., 100 m, 13° 17’ N, 61° 14’ W, 18-X-71. Allotype @ subimago reared with nymphal exuvia, tributary of Colonarie Riv., Locust Valley, 490 m, 13° 15’ N, 61° 10’ W, 24-VI-71. Paratypes: 1 ¢ imago reared with nymphal exuvia, 1 nymph, 2 nymphal exuviae, tributary of Rabacca Riv., 460 m, 13° 19’ N, 61° 10’ W, 1-XII-71; 1 nymph, Petit Bordel Riv., Newfoundland, Linley Valley, 530 m, 13° 16’ N, 61° 12’ W, 15-VII- 71; 1 nymph, Rabacca Riv., 8 m, 13° 18’ N, 61° 04’ W, 1-III-71; 2 nymphs, trib- utary of Yambou Riv. at Majorca, 370 m, 13° 12’N, 61° 12’ W, 10-VIII-72. All types were collected by A. D. Harrison and all are in alcohol. Association of the nymphs with the ¢ imagos and @ subimago is by rearing. Holotype with nymphal exuvia, allotype with nymphal exuvia, 2 nymphal para- types, and 1 nymphal exuvia paratype are deposited in the collections of Florida 182 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 \ cat daar wehnainpiidn ainda Alda | Lawl! ed abelian) BS aly api nanik ha oath fod Fig. 10-20, T. jessiae, mature nymph: 10, left mandible, dorsal view. 11, right maxilla, dorsal surface. 12, right maxilla, ventral view. 13, labrum and clypeus. 14, anteromedian emargination of labrum enlarged. 15, hypopharynx. 16, labium. 17, fore leg. 18, fore claw. 19, abdominal gill 4. 20, abdominal segments 5-6, dorsal view. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 183 A&M University. One ¢ imaginal paratype with nymphal exuvia, 2 nymphal paratypes, and 1 nymphal exuvia paratype are deposited in the collection of the University of Utah. One nymphal paratype is deposited in the collection of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History. The mesal abdominal color pattern is variable between the two 4 nymphs. The pattern on one is obscure as in the two ¢ imagos, while the pattern is more distinct on the other ¢ nymph. The extent of the dark colored maculae on the femora varies in the nymphs. Figures 6 and 7 of the ¢ abdominal color pattern of segments 5-6 are drawn from the paratype. In the holotype, the pattern is similar but lighter; on the terga, the pale dorsal submedian maculae are larger, the light lateral color extends over a greater area, and the dorsal and lateral markings cover a smaller area. Nymphs of T. jessiae can be distinguished from those of T. guyan- ensis nymphs by the following characters: (1) posterolateral spines occur on segments 3-6 and 8-9; (2) the apex of the prothoracic tibiae is unicolorous; (3) the mesothoracic and metathoracic femora possess a small, median, darker brown macula; and (4) terga 2-9 possess a darker brown, mesal color pattern, as in fig. 20. In the figure of T. guyanensis of Demoulin (1966), there appear to be only three denticles on the anteromedian emargination of the labrum; however, Demoulin (personal communication) has verified that six denticles are present. Biology: Most nymphs were found in torrential, stony streams; early instars inhabited the underside of stones in fast-flowing water, but nymphs of early and late instars were also found in regions of quieter flow. One specimen, about to molt, was collected between the stems and roots of dasheens, Colocasia esculentum (L.) Schott, growing along the edge of a small tributary of the Chateaubelair River. Distribution on St. Vincent was remarkably patchy; nevertheless, there was a distinct tendency for denser populations to occur in forest streams rich in leaf litter. In some cases a single nymph with dark wing pads was found in a sheltered spot, although thorough search of the adjacent stream bed revealed no further specimens. Nymphs were remarkably hardy and were easily brought back alive to the field station in a small quantity of water in a plastic bag; they were reared in an aquarium among stones and stream debris with gentle bubbling. Subimagos emerged in the late afternoon and the sub- imaginal molt occurred before the next morning. Etymology: This species is named in honor of Dr. Jessie J. Rankin, wife of Dr. A. D. Harrison. Discussion: Terpides appears to be most closely related to the other Leptophlebiidae from the West Indies and certain genera (Simothrau- lopsis, Hagenulopsis, and Askola) occurring in northern South America. 184 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 However, Terpides can be distinguished from these genera by the following combination of characters. In the imagos, (1) claws of a pair are alike; each is apically hooked (fig. 4); (2) basal % of penes of ¢ genitalia are fused (fig. 5); (3) hind wings are present and well developed (fig. 2-3); and (4) costal projection of the hind wings is well developed and rounded (fig. 2-3). In the nymphs, (1) lingua of the hypopharynx is rectangular (fig. 15); (2) posterolateral spines occur on abdominal segments 3 or 5 to 6 and 8-9; spines are absent on segment 7; (3) a large denticle occurs in middle of inner margin of claws; basal to large denticle are several denticles, progressively larger apically; apical to large denticle are several small, equal sized denticles (fig. 18); (4) long hairs occur on basal % of the inner margin of cerci and lateral margins of terminal filaments; and (5) dorsal and ventral portions of abdominal gills 1-7 are slender and each portion is tapered smoothly at apex (fig. 19). Terpides can be distinguished from all other genera of the Lepto- phlebiidae by the following combination of characters. In the imagos, (1) fork of vein MA of the fore wings is asymmetrical (fig. 1); (2) the hind wings are present and well developed (fig. 2-3); (3) claws of a pair are alike; each is apically hooked (fig. 4); (4) basal % of penes of ¢ genitalia are fused (fig. 5); and (5) lateral projections of styliger plate of ¢ genitalia extend dorsally over forceps base (fig. 5). In the nymphs, (1) lingua of hypophraynx is rectangular (fig. 15); (2) long hairs occur on basal % of the inner margin of cerci and lateral margins of terminal filament; (3) a large denticle occurs in middle of inner margin of claws; basally and apically to large denticle, several smaller denticles occur (fig. 18); (4) posterolateral spines occur on abdominal segments 3 or 5 to 6 and 8-9 only; and (5) dorsal and ventral portions of abdominal gills 1-7 are slender and each portion is tapered smoothly at apex (fig. 19). In the keys to the West Indian genera of Leptophlebiidae given by Peters (1971), imagos of Terpides key to the first half of couplet 3, Neohagenulus. However, Terpides can be distinguished from Neo- hagenulus by the similar tarsal claws (fig. 4) and the rounded costal projection of the hind wings (fig. 2-3). Nymphs of Terpides key to couplet 3, Neohagenulus, and 4. However, Terpides can be distin- guished from all other genera in couplet 3 by the absence of postero- lateral spines on abdominal segment 7. Terpides is now known to occur in Surinam and St. Vincent, and this is the first record of a leptophlebiid genus known from both continental South America and the West Indies. Peters (1971) pointed out that study of large collections of Leptophlebiidae from Central and South America did not reveal any genus common to the West Indies and continental areas. However, all other genera of Ephem- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 185 eroptera occurring in the West Indies have representative species in continental South America. While the leptophlebiid genus Farrodes Peters occurs in Grenada south of St. Vincent and Borinquena ( Austral- phlebia) Peters occurs in St. Lucia north of St. Vincent, neither genus appears to occur in St. Vincent. Based on extensive collections by one of us (A.D.H.) only one species of Leptophlebiidae, T. jessiae, Caenis Stephens, Tricorythodes Ulmer, Leptophyphes Eaton, and Baetidae occur in St. Vincent. REFERENCES Demoulin, G. 1966. Contribution a étude des Ephéméroptéres du Surinam. Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. 42(37):1-22, 12 figs. Peters, W. L. 1971. A revision of the Leptophlebiidae of the West Indies (Ephemeroptera). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 62:1-48, 212 figs. MICROCTONUS APIOPHAGA, NEW SPECIES, (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE, EUPHORINAE) A PARASITE OF ADULT APION WEEVILS IN BRITAIN (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) (Cy. (G, ILOAS Biosystematics Research Institute, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ABSTRACT—Microctonus apiophaga, new species, is described from Britain and separated from the type-species M. aethiops (Nees). Freeman (1967) reared a species of Microctonus Wesmael tenta- tively identified as M. aethiops (Nees) from adult Apion dichroum Bedel at Wye, Kent. R. D. Eady of the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology showed me some individuals of this species from the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London. The material consists of Freeman’s series and a second lot reared from Apion assimilis Kirby by P. Williams at Silwood Park, Berkshire. Freeman (1967) observed that the weevil is parasitized in the head through the base of one of the antennae. The Sitona and Hypera hosts of M. aethiops, however, are parasitized in the abdomen between the apical tergum and sternum (Loan and Holdaway, 1961). This ethological difference suggested that the braconid was not aethiops, and in fact this has been confirmed by a study of the material. The species appears to be undescribed as it does not agree with the types of Microctonus in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) nor with the Thomson types in the Zoological Institute, Lund. Furthermore, it is the only species of this genus so far associated with Apion weevils. It is described in this paper as Microctonus apiophaga, new species, and its type is accessioned in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Microctonus apiophaga Loan, new species Fig. 1-4 Holotype female. Length about 1.9 mm. Bicolorous. Head, scape and pedicel, legs light yellowish; flagellum reddish dusky; eye in death light greyish; thorax castaneous; wing veins well-infuscated; propodeum, gaster behind tergum 1 reddish black with tergum 1 not quite as dark; ovipositor sheaths light dusky. Head polished and smooth; genae and frons next to eye with sparse, inconspicuous hair, frons otherwise impunctate and glabrous; face with short, fine hair not apparent in front view, somewhat shagreened with short, transverse, very fine striae; face about as wide as apex of tergum 1 or as wide as combined lengths of flagellar segments 1 + 2; temple not quite as wide as eye which is 1.5 times as long as wide; malar space not unusually pronounced, 0.5 times length of flagellar segment 1; flagellar segments 19, 1 4+- 2 + 3 2.0 times temple width or 0.5 times as long 186 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 187 Fig. 1-4. Microctonus apiophaga. 1, front wing, X 55. 2, mesonotum, X 5 3, tergum 1, x 230. 4, mesepisternum, xX 230. 188 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 as tibia III, obviously hairy as well as scape and pedicel; ocellar triangle somewhat obtuse at median ocellus; OOL:POL, 3:4; lateral ocellus behind posterior eye margin; occipital carina weak or indistinct medially a distance slightly exceeding POL. Notaulices (fig. 2) foveolate with rugulae in area of convergence; scutum with short, distinct hair and weak punctures rather pronounced anteriorly; lateral lobes of mesonotum shining, glabrous except some long hairs extending from margins of notaulices; mesepisternum (fig. 4) with patch of carinate foveae below tegulae and similar sculpture marking sternaulis, otherwise smooth and polished. Front wing as shown (fig. 1): stigma and radial cell both long, stigma 3.0 times as long as wide and radial cell about 0.8 times as long as stigma; first abscissa of radius approximately vertical to stigma and nearly 0.5 times as wide; basella broken just above its middle, lower abscissa equal to nervellus, which is vertical. Propodeum finely reticulate, posterior face excavated medially. Tibia HI 0.61 mm long. Tergum 1 (fig. 3) not quite 2.0 times as long as wide at apex, striate, dorsal pits between base and spiracles pronounced; ovipositor sheaths not quite as long as tergum 1, 0.6 times as long as tibia III. Types: Holotype: ¢@, England. Wye, Kent, 28.VII.66 ex Apion dichroum, B. E. Freeman. Type in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) from material presented by the Commonwealth Institute of Ento- mology. Paratypes: England. 13 9,7 ¢:3 9,4 6 data like type; 1 @? like type data except with the date 7, 1965; 3 9? like type data except labelled Sidelands and dated VIII, 1964; 6 9,3 ¢, Silwood Park, Berks., ex Apion assimile, P. Williams, females dated 12-21.XI, 1965 and males dated 25.X-17.XI, 1965. Paratype deposi- tion: Freeman’s series, in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London; Williams’ series, split between the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; U.S. National Museum, Washington; and Institute of Zoology, Leningrad. Remarks: The head, thorax, gaster, scape and pedicel of the antennae of males are generally blackish; the flagellum is a dull reddish brown; and the legs are testaceous with femur I not as dark as II and II not as dark as III. The antennae of only six male specimens are complete and in these the flagellum is 2l-segmented (2 specimens) and 22- segmented in the remainder. In females, the mesepisternum of a single specimen is yellowish like the head whereas the others are like the holotype; and tergum 1 is usually reddish brown rather than reddish black with the apex in some specimens somewhat pale. The flagellar segments varied as follows: 18 (2 specimens); 19 (6 specimens); and 20 (2 specimens). M. apiophaga can be recognized from the type species aethiops by these characters: apiophaga aethiops 9 tibia III 0.65 mm long avg., about @ tibia III 0.75 mm long, avg., longer as long as ¢ tibia III than ¢ tibia III radial cell 0.8-1.0 times as long as radial cell about 0.5 times as long as stigma stigma PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 189 first abscissa of radius 0.5 times as long first abscissa of radius less than 0.5 as stigma width times stigma width tergum 1 less than 2.0 times as long as tergum 1 somewhat more than 2.0 times wide at apex as long as wide at apex ovipositor sheaths not quite as long as ovipositor sheaths 1.2—1.3 times as long tergum 1 as tergum 1 @ flagellum 18-20 segments, ¢ 21-22 @ flagellum 22-24 segments, ¢ 25-27 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank R. D. Eady, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, for his assistance with this work. The scanning electron microscope photographs were prepared by H. E. Bisdee, Entomology Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. REFERENCES Freeman, B. E. 1967. The biology of the white clover seed weevil Apion dich- roum Bedel (Col. Curculionidae). J. appl. Ecol. 4:535-552. Loan, C. C. and F. G. Holdaway. 1961. Microctonus aethiops (Nees) auctt. and Perilitus rutilus Nees (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) European parasites of Sitona weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can. Entomol. 93: 1057-1079. ASIAN THEMIRA (DIPTERA: SEPSIDAE): DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES JAN ZusKA Czech Academy of Agriculture, Research Institute of Food Industry, Department of Entomology, 150 38 Prague, Czechoslovakia ABSTRACT—Themira bifida, from India, and T. japoniea, from Japan, are described. The record of the occurrence of T. annulipes (Meigen) in India was found erroneous. Themira nigricornis (Meigen) is recorded as new to Asia, and the presence of T. putris (L.) there is confirmed. The subgeneric classification of Themira is discussed. Very little is known of the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Themira Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, in Asia. Moreover, some of the recorded information is based on misidentifications. Study of sepsid collections of the Department of Entomology, Zoological Museum of the University, Helsinki (ZMUH); Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London (BMNH); and Entomological Institute, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (EIHU) has made it possible to present descriptions of two new species and new distributional data on some other representatives of Themira.' Themira bifida Zuska, new species Fig. 1-3, 11-14 2 @. Small, black, moderately shiny species, 3.0 to 3.4 mm long. Head blackish, pentagonal in lateral aspect, with somewhat protruding frontal part. Frons black, rather dull and pruinose, with deeply black orbits if observed anterodorsally, with scattered minute hairs. Face brownish, slightly pruinose, with high facial carina. Peristoma brown, coated with silvery pruinosity, slightly narrower anteriorly than depth of third antennal segment but widening posteriorly, its lower margin almost straight. Occiput black, subshining, bearing rather long, scattered, dark hairs. Chaetotaxy: 1 or (rather long and strong), 1 oc, 1 vti, 1 put, 7 or 8 peristomal bristles; vte vestigial but distinct. Antenna black, reaching below middle of frons; third segment barely longer than deep mesially; arista black, moderately thickened basally, distinctly pubescent. Thorax black. Mesonotum rather densely pruinose, subshining, its sparse, long, black hairs arranged into acrostichal, dorsocentral, and intra-alar rows. Pleura extensively pruinose: mesopleuron almost without pruinosity, shining, bearing long scattered hairs; pteropleuron moderately pruinose except for its more shiny middle part; sternopleuron with stripe of dense silvery pruinosity along dorsal margin, otherwise shiny; hypopleuron strongly pruinose but with shiny spot in middle. Scutellum densely pruinose; postnotum with moderate pruinosity, subshining. ‘The help of Drs. W. Hackman, A. C. Pont, and S. Takagi is gratefully acknowledged. 190 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 191 2 3 6 Fig. 1-3. Themira bifida. 1, right half of hypopygium, lateral view; 2, hy- popygium and cerci, posterior view; 3, left half of hypopygium, lateral view. Fig. 4-5, T. japonica. 4, hypopygium, lateral view; 5, hypopygium and cerci, posterior view. Fig. 6, T. leachi, hypopygium, lateral view. Scale equals 0.2 mm. -——— 192 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 Chaetotaxy: 1 dc, 1 h (long and strong), 2 n (anterior almost as long and strong as posterior), 1 pal, 1 ap sc (about twice as long as scutellum); m, sal and la sc lacking. Legs, including coxae, entirely black. Male. Fore femur (fig. 13) ventrally with long pale hair basally and a few shorter pale hairs sub-basally, with characteristic bifid protuberance bearing 2 hairs just before middle and with sharp short spine behind middle; posteroventrally with 2 spines beside the bifid protuberance. Fore tibia (fig. 11 and 13) very slightly curved, thin proximally, slightly thickened distally, anteriorly in middle with large flaplike protuberance, with rather dense row of subequal bristles above it, and with long scattered hairs in distal % on anterior and ventral surface. Fore tarsus not thickened, length ratio of tarsal segments 4.1 : 2.2: 1.6:1.0: 1:3. Middle tibia with rather long hairs ventrally, with 1 ventral bristle at 24 of its length; otherwise middle leg without special structures. Hind femur with sparse erect hairs ventrally and posteriorly on proximal %, otherwise with normal pilosity except for anterodorsal bristle at 35 of its length, which is longer than maximum depth of femur; hind tibia anterodorsally with an osmeterium in its distal 4% which is about as long as proximal part of tibia above osmeterium and about twice as long as distal part of tibia below that; tibia in anterodorsal aspect almost straight, thin proximally and only moderately thickened in distal 35, and there almost parallel-sided, apical 34 with rather long suberect hairs ventrally and with row of curved suberect hairs dorsally, and with about 5 long erect pre-apical hairs exceeding in length maximum depth of tibia. No strong bristles on hind tibia. Female. Fore femur (fig. 14) with 2 long thin antero- dorsal bristles, ventrally behind middle with 1 strong bristle and row of about 6 shorter and weaker bristles distal to this. Middle and hind tibiae without long, strong bristles other than apical or pre-apical ones. Wings 3.0 to 3.5 mm long, hyaline, with dark venation and slightly tinged greyish. Alula with distinct posterodistal lobe, entirely covered with microtrichia. Halter yellow. Abdomen black, shiny, without macrochaetae. Male: Abdominal sterna as in fig. 12, hypopygium assymetrical (fig. 1-3). Holotype: Male from India: E. Punjab, Kangra District, Kulu, Dibibokri Nal, Runi Thach, 3,900 m, swept from grass, evening 8.vii. 1952; E.A.C.L.E. Schelpe collector; in BMNH. Paratypes: A male (in the author's collection) and a female (in BMNH) labelled identically with the holotype. Derivation of name: from the bifid protuberance on the fore femora of the male. The newly described species belongs to the species-complex of Themira which is characterized by the presence of a humeral bristle, the sternopleuron partly or entirely without pruinosity, the compara- tively simple fore legs in the male, the presence in most species of a pair of spines or bristles on the fifth abdominal sternum of the male, slight asymmetry of the surstyli, and by the row of ventral bristles on the proximal part of the fore tibia of the female. In addition to T. bifida n. sp., the following species seem to belong to this group: T. gracilis (Zetterstedt), 1847, T. seticrus Duda, 1926, T. dampfi Becker, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 193 AS \ W Wt ‘ Fig. 7-8, Themira japonica. 7, abdominal sterna IV and V of male, ventral view; 8, abdominal sterna III to V of male, lateral view. Fig. 9, T. leachi, same as 8 Fig. 10, T. japonica, fore tibia of male, anterodorsal view. Fig. 11-14, T. bifida. 11, same as 10; 12, abdominal sterna IV and V of male, ventral view; 13, fore leg of male, posterior view; 14, fore leg of female, posterior view. Fig. 15, T. japonica, fore leg of male, posterior view. Scale equals 0.2 mm. 194 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 1915, and T. arctica (Becker), 1915. Themira bifida n. sp. can be easily distinguished from these species, in the male sex, by the con- spicuous bifid ventral process on the fore femur and, as far as known, by the absence of a pair of spines on the fifth abdominal sternum. Themira japonica Zuska, new species Bige 4 ON io Olea 6 2. Brownish black, shiny, moderately large species 4.1 to 4.4 mm long. Head blackish, globular. Frons strongly tapering towards fore edge, mostly black and shiny but dull and slightly paler anteriorly, with sparse, minute hairs on orbits. Face brownish, facial carina distinct, yellow. Peristoma yellowish anteriorly, darkened posteriorly, narrow, its width less than depth of third antennal segment, its lower margin convex, following lower margin of eye. Occiput black, slightly pruinose. Chaetotaxy: 1 or (long and strong), 1 oc, 1 vti, 1 put, about 10 peri- stomal bristles; vte absent. Antenna yellowish red, rather small, its apex reaching middle of length of face; third segment along mesial surface about 1.2 times as long as depth, slightly paler basally; arista bare, black, shiny, only moderately thickened basally. Thorax entirely black. Mesonotum rather densely pruinose, black hairs more or less arranged into acrostichal, dorsocentral and intra-alar rows. Pleura shiny, with- out pruinosity, except for fore part of hypopleuron. Scutellum and postnotum pruinose. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc, 1 h (well developed, strong), 2 n (anterior almost as long and strong as posterior ), 1 pal, 1 ap sc (about 2.5 times as long as scutellum, strong); m, sal and la sc absent. Legs: Male. Fore coxa and trochanter yellow; fore femur (fig. 15) black except for yellow narrow proximal part and ventral part of distal 4, bearing long postero- ventral hair basally, long and rather strong anteroventral bristle sub-basally, with large bifid protuberance below middle, its proximal part very long, protruding into a rather thin point sharply bent posteriorly and bearing a few bristles, distal part short, compressed anteroposteriorly, rounded apically; fore femur subapically with row of about three very thin posteroventral hairs; fore tibia (fig. 10, 15) forming a strong sigmoid curve, yellow proximally, blackish distally, with group of processes and protuberances, one of these long, spoonlike, one shorter, pointed, both directed anterodistally; thickened distal part of tibia with rather regular ventral row of about 10 bristles, and with sparse brush of anterodorsal hairs below middle; fore tarsus not thickened, entirely darkened, length ratio of tarsal joints 5.4: 2.3: 2.0: 1.0: 1.3. Middle coxa bearing long yellow process laterally; middle leg darkened, with yellow trochanter, base of femur, knee, apex of tibia and pale yellow base of tarsus; ventral pilosity of first 2 tarsal segments sparse, dark, hairs not modified into scales. Hind leg darkened, with yellow trochanter lacking mesial tubercle, yellow base of tibia, knee, and apex of tibia; tibia anterodorsally with a longitudinal, but slightly oblique, impression enclosing indistinctly delimited os- meterium, the length of which is about % as great as depth of tibia beyond osmeterium, bearing anterodorsal row of shorter bristles and sometimes 1 or 2 long anterodorsal bristles in proximal 42, and 1 long anteroventral bristle at 74 of its length; anterodorsal impression ventrally limited by anterodorsal gibbosity bearing rather dense erect hairs. Female. Legs darkened, except for yellow fore coxa, all trochanters, bases of mdidle and hind femora, all knees, all tibial apices, and base PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 195 of middle tarsus; fore femur without ventral bristle, middle and hind tibiae each with anteroventral bristle at 24 of length. Wing 3.0 to 3.3 mm long, very slightly tinged with grey, with greyish venation; alula with distinct posterodistal lobe, entirely covered with microtrichia. Halter yellow. Abdomen black, shiny, without macrochaetae. Male. Abdominal sterna (fig. 7, 8) bearing moderate median protuberances, fifth sternum greatly reduced, with fingerlike protuberance bearing 2 spines. Hypopygium as in fig. 4 and 5. Holotype: Male from Japan, Hokkaido, Wakkonai, 31.vii.1958; S. Takagi, collector; in EIHU. Paratypes: Labeled as the holotype, 1 ¢ (author's collection ).— Hokkaido: Rebun, 1.viii.1958, 2 6, 1 @ (K. Kamijo, ETHU and author’s collection).—Hokkaido: Sapporo, 30.v.-7.vi.1960, 1 ¢, 3 9 (S. Takagi, EIHU and author's collection). Derivation of name: From the present known distribution. Themira japonica n. sp. apparently is extremely closely related to T. leachi (Meigen), 1826. In fact, the surprising morphological sim- ilarity of these 2 species, together with their characteristic geographical distribution, leave little doubt that they are vicariant species resulting from late allopatric speciation. The most conspicuous characters distinguishing T. japonica n. sp. from T. leachi are as follows: T. japonica Humeral bristle Middle tarsus of ¢ present dark with pale yellow base, ventral pilosity of Ist and 2nd tarsal segments sparse, dark, without hairs modified into scales Mesial tubercle on hind trochanter Hind tibia of ¢ absent with longer pilosity, strong bristles and smaller osmeterium Wings almost colorless Abdominal sterna of ¢ with moderate pro- tuberances (fig. 8) Surstylus wide (fig. 4) T. leachi absent yellow, with Ist segment slightly darkened basally and distal part of tarsus sometimes very slightly darkened; ventral pilosity of Ist and 2nd segments white, more scalelike, ver dense on 2nd segment present with finer pilosity, weaker bristles and larger osmeterium greyish with high protuber- ances (fig. 9) narrow (fig. 6) The definitely close phyletic relationship of T. leachi and T. japonica n. sp., which differ most strikingly from each other in the development of the humeral bristle, throws some light on the question of the supra- 196 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 specific classification of the genus Themira. This relationship partic- ularly indicates the limited taxonomic value of the humeral bristle, which previously has been considered as a character of basic impor- tance. Duda (1926) recognized several subgenera of Themira, of which the subgenus Themira s. str. included the species with developed humeral bristle, whereas those species which lacked this bristle were included in several other subgenera. However, the differences between Duda’s subgenera are so vague (the exception being Protothemira Duda, 1926 = Ortalischema Frey, 1925 with elongate scutellum and fully developed basal scutellar bristles) that it appears impossible to recognize these taxa as subgenera. My opinion is that Hennig (1949) has chosen the best alternative when he recognized Ortalischema as a separate genus and the rest of Themira s. lat. in the sense of Duda as another genus, without further division at the subgeneric level. Themira annulipes (Meigen), 1826 The range of T. annulipes is very wide, covering Europe (for ex- amples of localities see Duda, 1926, and Hennig, 1949), Palaearctic Asia (Hendel, 1934; Sods, 1972; there is also a male from Kokand, Uzbek SSR, without further data, in ZMUH) and North America (Steyskal, 1943, 1965). Also, Brunetti (1910) recorded this species from several localities in India and Sikkim. Examination of several dozen Asiatic specimens identified as T. annulipes in BMNH, mostly by Brunetti and including specimens mentioned in his 1910 paper, revealed that the species in question is Decachaetophora aeneipes (Meijere), 1913. This seems to confirm the suspicion expressed else- where (Zuska, 1970) that T. annulipes is not distributed outside the Holarctic. However, the speculation that Themira is confined to the Holarctic (Steyskal, 1946; Zuska, 1970) is now proved incorrect because of the existence of an Oriental species, T. bifida n. sp. Themira nigricornis (Meigen), 1826 The previously known range of T. nigricornis covers Europe (for examples of localities see Duda, 1926, and Hennig, 1949) and North America (Steyskal, 1946, 1965), but no record from Asia is available in the literature. There are 3 @ from Japan, Toyama, 4., 6. and Q.iv. 1960 respectively, collected by S. Takagi, in EIHU. Also, 4 6,6 9 from the USSR, Irkutsk, collected by Ahnger, are in ZMUH. Themira putris (L.), 1761 This sepsid is a synanthropic species widely distributed in the western part of the Palaearctic and in North America. Sods (1972) reports it also from Mongolia and Hennig (1949) from the Manchurian subregion. In ZMUH there is a female from the same locality in Manchuria, Charbin, 19.x.1910, collected by A. Luther. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(2), JUNE, 1974 197 REFERENCES Brunetti, E. 1910. New Oriental Sepsinae. Rec. Indian Mus. 3[1909]:343-372, plo 13: Duda, O. 1926. Monographie der Sepsiden (Dipt.). I. AnnlIn naturh. Mus. Wien. 39:1—-153. Hendel, F. 1934. Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, etc. 13. Diptera. 5. Muscaria holometopa. Ark. Zool. 25( A21)):1-18. Hennig, W. 1949. [Fam.] 39a. Sepsidae. 91 pp., 10 pls. [= Lfg. 157, 159]. In: E. Lindner (Ed.): Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region, vol. 5. Stuttgart. Sods, A. 1972. Taxonomische und faunistische Untersuchungen iber die mon- golischen Sepsiden (Diptera). Acta zool. Acad. Sci. hung. 18:353-370. Steyskal, G. C. 1943. Old World Sepsidae in North America, with a key to the American genera. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 19:93-95. 1946. Themira nigricornis Meigen in North America, with a revised key to the Nearctic species of Themira (Diptera: Sepsidae). Entomol. News 57:93-95. 1965. Family Sepsidae. Pp. 681-685. In: Body and appendages entirely black to reddish black. Rostrum moderately stout, not strongly curved, shallowly punctured toward base, bearing 1 lateral carina on each side, and 3 dorsal carinae, the median divided between and before the antennal insertions. Basal scale tufts of rostrum erect but not prominent. Head finely reticulate, thinly squamose in front. Antenna bearing greyish-white linear scales on funicle. Prothorax slightly broader than long, moderately rounded at sides, and distinctly but not suddenly narrowed at apex; dorsal punctures shallow, almost round, convex at center (fig. 9); surface shining, with small wrinkles and often with low anterolaterally oriented rugae at base; broad scales elliptical, sparse, mostly yellowish brown, but white at sides posteriorly; setiform scales narrow, slightly arched. Elytra broadest slightly behind the middle; humeri not prominent; surface shining, thinly clothed with a mixture of yellowish brown and white elliptical scales, and with a row of recumbent setiform scales on each interval. Underside thinly clothed with a mixture of broad and narrow brown and white scales. Femora moderately clavate, unarmed or bearing a minute ventral tubercle; thinly covered with a mixture of narrow and elliptical greyish-white scales. Tibiae thinly covered with elongate grey or light brown PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 365 Tae Gath tee 1] Fig. 9-10. Smicronyx species, surface texture of prothorax, dorsocentral area. 9, S. ghanii. 10, S. ushoensis. Fig. 11-12. S. roridus: 11, pygidium (Pygm) and eon cidiaen (Ppygm), dorsal view (SP, setiferous pits). 12, front femur, lateral view, denuded ventrally to show tooth. Fig. 13-18. Setiferous pits of 3¢ pro- pygidium. 13, S. ghanii. 14, S. ushoensis. 15, S. parafasciatus. 16, S. inornatus. 17, S. rufovittatus. 18, S. albovariegatus. Fig. 19-24. Surface texture (above) and setiferous pits (below) of ¢ pygidium. 19, S. ghanii. 20, S. ushoensis. 21, S. parafasciatus. 22, S. inornatus. 23, S. rufovittatus. 24, S. albovariegatus. 366 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 35 36 Fig. 25-32. Smicronyx species, median lobe (ML) and tegmen (Tgm) of ¢ genitalia (struts not entirely shown), dorsal view. 25, S. roridus. 26, S. sp., prob. robustus. 27, S. ghanii. 28, S. ushoensis. 29, S. parafasciatus. 30, S. inornatus. 31, S. rufovittatus. 32, S. albovariegatus. Fig. 33-39. Spiculum ventrale of 2 genitalia. 33, S. roridus. 34, S. sp., prob. robustus. 35, S. ghanii. 36, S. ushoensis. 37, S. parafasciatus. 38, S. inornatus. 39, S. rufovittatus. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 367 scales; all but hindtibiae bearing a row of 4 or 5 stiff setae along inner margin; apical process distinctly curved. Fourth tarsomere not longer than combined length of preceding 2; tarsal claws fused for approximately half their length and nearly parallel. Male genitalia (fig. 27) with median lobe (penis) more heavily sclerotized and pigmented at sides than above or below, subparallel at sides, slightly broadened at apex; internal sac microspiculate and armed with a pair of toothed helical scleromes; tegmen bearing a deeply cleft cap-piece; spiculum gastrale fairly stout, darkly pigmented, curved but not hooked at anterior end. Paired setiferous pits of male propygidium as in fig. 13. Surface texture and paired setiferous pits of male pygidium as in fig. 19. Female genitalia with spiculum ventrale (fig. 35) rather long, flattened and slightly curved at anterior end. Females are almost indistinguishable from males externally, except for the rostrum, which is slightly narrower, more elongate, and more polished before the antennal insertions. Length: 1.40-2.15 (Av. 1.85) mm. Width: 0.65-0.92 (Av. 0.84) mm. Width of prothorax: 0.50-0.65 (Av. 0.59) mm. Length of prothorax: 0.45-0.60 (Av. 0153) 2mm N= 1s: Holotype: ¢, USNM No. 73236, labelled Otrore [Pakistan], 17- VII-69, adult on C[uscuta] planiflora, C.1.E. Coll. A. 3372. Paratypes: Same data as for holotype, 8 66, 1 @ (5, CIBC, 4, USNM); Otrore, Swat State, on Cuscuta europea L. var. indica, M. Ghani, Brit. Mus. 1968— 508, 2 64,4 22 (BM); Usho [Pakistan], 8-VIII-69, adult on Cluscuta] plani- flora,1 8,1 2 (USNM). This species is named for Dr. M. A. Ghani, who first collected it at Otrore, Pakistan, in 1968. It is the Smicronyx species “A” that Ghani (1969) reported having reared from Cuscuta europea var. indica and C. planiflora at Otrore and on which he reported some feeding and oviposition tests. Differences between this species and the similar, undoubtedly re- lated, S. ushoensis n. sp. are indicated in the key. Smicronyx ushoensis Anderson, new species figs os 1Ol 14." 205 28.36 Body and appendages entirely black to reddish black. Rostrum moderately thick and curved, not strongly tapered in either sex; bearing 4 carinae dorsally and 1 on each side, all becoming obsolete near the apex and behind the antennal insertions; scales mostly narrow, golden brown, recumbent except for erect basal tufts. Head reticulate, thinly covered with linear, recumbent, brown scales. Pro- thorax broadly rounded at sides, slightly constricted behind apex; closely covered with elliptical and setiform scales, which are mostly medium brown with patches of white at sides and a median white stripe reaching from base to near center (fig. 5); surface reticulate, not strongly shining; punctures small, convex at center, rather sparse (fig. 10). Elytra approximately as wide behind middle as across humeri (fig. 5); striae narrow, deeply impressed on declivity; intervals flat, closely covered with 2 rows of broad, subtruncate scales and a row of re- cumbent, slightly curled setiform scales, all of which are medium golden brown 368 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 and white, the white condensed into patches (fig. 5). Underside covered with white, and a scattering of brown, rounded scales. Femora clavate, unarmed, covered with elongate, pointed white scales. Tibiae nearly straight, slightly expanded toward apex, covered with rows of brown and white linear scales, and bearing a row of stiff setae on inner margin. Fourth tarsomere short, not extending beyond lobes of 3rd by more than half its length; tarsal claws short, fused for slightly more than half their length and almost parallel. Male genitalia (fig. 28) with median lobe (penis) more heavily sclerotized and pigmented at sides than above and below, slightly constricted behind the apex; internal sac minutely spiculate, armed with a pair of toothed helical scleromes; spiculum gastrale almost straight, slender, moderately expanded and slightly curved at anterior end; tegmen bearing a small cleft cap-piece. Paired setiferous pits of male propygidium as in fig. 14. Paired setiferous pits and surface texture of male pygidium as in fig. 20. Female genitalia with spiculum ventrale (fig. 36) broadly U-shaped at posterior end, moderately long, slightly expanded and curved at anterior end. Females differ externally from males only in having the rostrum slightly longer, more tapered, and more polished before the antennal insertions. Length: 1.45-2.10 (Av. 1.82) mm. Width: 0.65-0.87 (Av. 0.78) mm. Width of prothorax: 0.46-0.60 (Av. 0.54) mm. Length of prothorax: 0.46-0.55 (Av. 0.48) mm. N = 17. Holotype: ¢, USNM No. 73237, labelled Usho (Swat), 8-VIII-69, Grub feeding in flower of Cuscuta sp. n., C.I.B.C. SW-8/69-751. Paratypes: 7 64, 9 29, same data as for holotype, distributed to BM (2), CIBC (6), USNM (8). This species is named for its type locality, Usho, in the Usho Valley of Swat, Pakistan. It is the Smicronyx species “C” that Ghani (1969) re- ported rearing from the fruits of Cuscuta, n. sp. and for which he reported some oviposition tests. It resembles the related Smicronyx ghanii n. sp. in many respects, including the helical scleromes on the internal sac of the male genitalia and in the surface features of the propygidium and pygidium of the male, but differs from that species as indicated in the key. Smicronyx parafasciatus Anderson, new species 1am Tey lita, VAS PALE Sil Body and appendages medium reddish brown throughout, except for a narrow dark sutural stripe on elytra and dark bases of femora. Rostrum moderately thick and curved, not strongly tapered; lightly punctured, not carinate dorsally; a single carina present on each side above antennal insertions; thinly covered with recumbent yellowish setiform scales behind antennal insertions and bearing 2 erect tufts of broader white scales at base. Head reticulate, thinly covered with short yellowish scales. Funicle of antenna bearing linear white scales that be- come progressively longer toward club. Prothorax broadly rounded at sides in basal half, strongly narrowed and slightly constricted behind apex (fig. 7); dorsal punctures lenticular, subconfluent, and arranged in concentric, anterolaterally PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 369 curved rows, with interspaces between them raised into low rugae; dorsal and lateral surfaces thinly covered with flat, recumbent, spatulate yellowish scales, intermixed with a few curled, white setiform scales. Elytra distinctly broadest behind the middle and tapering to a rather narrowly rounded apex (fig. 7); un- evenly covered with yellow to white, ovate to subquadrate scales concentrated in the humeral areas, at base of 3rd intervals, and in 2 wavy bands situated be- hind middle of elytra (fig. 7), with intervening areas thinly covered with oblong reddish-brown scales; striae narrow, with elongate, deeply impressed punctures; intervals each bearing 2 rows of flat scales and 1 row of curled, setiform scales. Underside of thorax and abdomen slightly darker than dorsum, sparsely covered with narrow greyish scales. Femora distinctly clavate, Ist pair strongly so, and bearing a small subapical ventral tooth, which is strongest on the hind pair; scales white, elongate, curled, and rather sparse. Tibiae straight, almost slender, sparsely covered with linear scales and bearing a row of 7-8. stiff semi-erect setae along inner margin. Third tarsomere conspicuously broader than second and deeply bilobed. Fourth tarsomere exceeding 3rd by approxi- mately half its length; tarsal claws moderately long, fused in basal half. Median lobe (penis) of male genitalia short, tapering from base to apex, pigmented dorsally and laterally but not ventrally; internal sac bearing tiny spines but no other armament; tegmen bearing a short, bifid cap-piece (fig. 29); spiculum gastrale rather thick, nearly straight, its anterior end curved and slightly ex- panded. Paired setiferous pits of male propygidium as in fig. 15. Surface texture and paired setiferous pits of male pygidium as in fig. 21. Spiculum ventrale of female genitalia (fig. 37) with arms forming a rather elongate, angular U; moderately long; flattened but not curved at anterior end. Females may be distinguished from males on the basis of the more elongate, more terete and smoother rostrum. Length: 1.90-2.70 (Av. 2.35) mm. Width: 0.85-1.20 (Av. 1.06) mm. Width of prothorax: 0.52-0.80 (Av. 0.72) mm. Length of prothorax: 0.50-0.75 (Av. 0.64) mm. N=5l. Holotype: ¢, USNM No. 73238, labelled Beha Swat, Pakistan, 12- IX-69, C.I.B.C. SW-9/69/765. Paratypes: 25 ¢ 6, 26 2 2, from Pakistan, with the following collecting data: Beha, 12-IX-69, adult on flower of Cluscuta] reflexa var. brachystigma; Gabral (Swat), 27-VII-68, larva feeding in flower of Cuscuta sp., 7-VIII-69, grub feeding in flower of C[uscuta] planiflora, 9-IX-69, adult from C[uscuta] reflexa, 12- VIII-72, adult on Cuscuta reflexa anguina; Marghuzar, 20-VII-69, adult on Cluscuta] reflexa, same locality & host, 14-VIII-72; Otrore, 17-VII-69, adult on C[uscuta] planiflora, 8-VIII-69, adult on C[uscuta] red thick vine, 19-VII-72, adult on Cuscuta reflexa anguina; Usho, 8-VIII-69, adult on Cluscuta] planiflora, same locality & date, adult on red thick C[uscuta]. Distributed to BM (4), CIBC (20), USNM (20), S. parafasciatus is the Smicronyx species “B” that Ghani (1969) reported finding (in the larval stage) in peduncles and bases of flower clusters of Cuscuta species in Pakistan. I have named this species with reference to its general resemblance to Smicronyx fasciatus, described from Burma by Motschulsky (1858). 370 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 My comparison is based on the original description and a specimen (det. G. A. K. Marshall) from Saigon, S$. Vietnam, in the British Museum. The 2 species are similar in general proportions, habitus, and coloration, but in S. parafasciatus the prothorax is more distinctly con- stricted at the sides, the fasciate pattern of elytral scales is less distinct, and the light scales are more yellowish. I consider this species also related to Smicronyx inornatus, n. sp. and to S. albovariegatus Faust (which I have examined in the BM and USNM collections). Neither of the latter 2 species have the sub- confluent pronotal punctures and distinctly banded elytral scale pat- tern found in S. parafasciatus, but they are similar to that species in body color, dentate condition of femora, and shape of male genitalia (fig. 29, 30, 32). Smicronyx inornatus Anderson, new species fie Ow 164 22 o0N oS Body and appendages dark to medium reddish brown throughout. Vestiture transluscent greyish white, tinted with brown or yellow. Rostrum of moderate thickness and curvature, bearing 3 dorsal carinae of which the median is thin, becoming divided and obsolete near the apex, and 2 more prominent lateral carinae, also ending before the apex; punctures between carinae not conspicuously large or deep; clothed with curled, recumbent scales from antennal insertions to base, and bearing 2 erect basal tufts of scales. Antennal club elongate-ovate, approximately half as long as funicle. Head finely reticulate, thinly covered with prostrate scales near base of rostrum. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, convex dorsally and laterally, widest near middle, narrowed and _ slightly constricted behind apex; punctures rounded, shallow, not closely spaced; thinly covered with flat elliptical scales; a short median basal vitta of nearly white scales present. Elytra distinctly widest behind their midlength; inconspicuously marked with a dark sutural line; scales thinly covering surface, and the lightest (nearly white ) condensed into a short vitta at base of 3rd interval, a faint band before and behind the middle, and into an elongate patch covering intervals 6-8 (fig. 8); each interval bearing 2—3 rows of flat whitish elliptical scales and 1 row of curled, brownish setiform scales. Underside thinly covered with elliptical, mostly sub- truncate, scales. Femora distinctly clavate; armed with a small, ventral subapical tooth; thinly covered with a mixture of elliptical and elongate whitish scales. Tibiae fairly stout, thinly covered with elongate, pointed, whitish scales and bearing a row of several stiff, semi-erect setae on inner margin. Third tarsomere deeply bilobed and broader than second; last tarsomere projecting for more than half its length beyond third. Tarsal claws fused for slightly less than half their length and slightly divergent. Median lobe (penis) of male genitalia stout, sub- parallel at sides, heavily pigmented dorsally and laterally; internal sac micro- spiculate but without other armature (fig. 30). Spiculum gastrale of male slightly curved throughout its length, strongly curved at anterior end. Paired setiferous pits of male propygidium as in fig. 16. Surface texture and paired setiferous pits of male pygidium as in fig. 22. Spiculum ventrale of female genitalia rather long, arms forming a U, anterior end flattened and_ slightly expanded (fig. 38). PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Sil Females can be distinguished from males by the rostrum, which is noticeably smoother and more terete before the antennal insertions. Length: 1.95-2.80 (Av. 2.25) mm. Width: 0.93-1.22 (Av. 1.06) mm. Width of prothorax: 0.60-0.75 (Av. 0.65) mm. Length of prothorax: 0.56-0.75 (Av. 0263) moms IN 10: Holotype: ¢, USNM No. 73239, labelled Sor Range [Quetta Divi- sion, Pakistan], 7-7-[19]67, adult on stem Cuscuta gigantea, C.1.B.C., C-G-7/67-9. Paratypes: 6 6 6, 4 2, same locality and host as holotype, dated 7-7 or 7-8, [19]67. Distributed to BM (2), CIBC (4), USNM (4). This species resembles Smicronyx parafasciatus, n. sp. with respect to general body form and color, the faintly banded elytral scale pattern, and the short dark median lobe of the male genitalia. However, it differs from the latter species as indicated in the key and in having the sides of the median lobe subparallel, rather than converging toward the apex. S. inornatus more closely resembles an undescribed species from India, represented in the U.S. National Museum collection by a series collected at Mangalore on “Gerardia?” in September, 1926, and by 1 specimen collected at Hammanmaki, Mysore, feeding on Sopubia delphinifolia in October 1969. This resemblance is strong with respect to general body proportions and color, dorsal punctures on the pro- thorax, color of the vestiture, shape and pigmentation of the median lobe of the male genitalia, and shape of the setiferous pits on the propygidium of the male, but there are some minor differences, such as the shape of the elytra, which are not broadest behind their mid- length in the undescribed Indian species, and the elytral scale pattern, in which the whitest scales are condensed into a small patch just behind the middle of each elytron in the undescribed species. With respect to the same characters, S. inornatus resembles S. albovariegatus Faust (associated with Striga species in India, according to Khan and Murthy, 1955, and data with specimens in the BM and USNM collections), but differs from that species in the same ways, and also has a more convex prothorax, differently shaped propygidial pits (fig. 16, 18), and a less tapered median lobe in the male (fig. 30, 32). Smicronyx rufovittatus Anderson, new species fig. 6, 17, 23, 31, 39 Surface color of body and appendages ranging from brownish red to black. Rostrum deep reddish brown, moderately curved, tapered only near apex; bear- ing 4 dorsal carinae, of which the median 2 are fused in the basal 1%, and 1 lateral carina (on each side), as long as dorsal carinae; densely covered, except near apex, with curled recumbent brownish scales; basal tufts of scales white, erect. Head reddish brown, its surface reticulate, thinly covered with narrow golden 372 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 brown scales. Antennae reddish black, scales becoming longer and narrower from scape to club, which is densely covered with silvery pubescence. Prothorax deep reddish brown, slightly wider than long, broadly rounded at sides, strongly narrowed and slightly constricted behind apex; punctures nearly round, coarse, evenly spaced; scales broad, flat, golden brown or white, mixed with strongly curled dark brown or white, the white condensed into a basal patch on each side and into a short median basal vitta. Elytra widest across the humeri, sub- parallel to the declivity, then narrowed to a broadly rounded apex; surface dark along a broad sutural stripe, distinctly reddish along a broad stripe toward the outer margin; scales reddish brown, variegated with dark brown and white, the reddish brown condensed on the reddish stripe, the white in clusters, and the dark brown condensed on the dark surface areas (fig. 6); striae narrow and sharply impressed, intervals flat, bearing 2 rows of broadly elliptical scales and 1 row of prominent, curled, recumbent setiform scales. Underside of thorax and abdomen dark to medium reddish brown, thinly covered with white spatulate scales. Femora reddish brown, armed with a small ventral tooth, and _ thinly covered with elongate white scales. Tibiae almost straight, reddish brown, armed with a row of 6~7 stiff setae on inner margin and thinly covered with linear white scales. Tarsi densely covered with white vestiture above; third tarsomere slightly wider than second; fourth tarsomere exceeding third by approximately half its length; claws slightly divergent, fused for slightly less than half their length. Male genitalia with median lobe (penis) lightly pigmented throughout, tapering slightly toward apex, and bearing only microspiculi on the internal sac; tegmen bearing a short cap-piece cleft for about half its length; spiculum gastrale slender, slightly bowed throughout its length and hooked at anterior end. Paired setiferous pits of male propygidium as in fig. 17. Surface texture and paired setiferous pits of male pygidium as in fig. 23. Female genitalia with the spiculum ventrale (fig. 39) forming an angular U-shaped fork at posterior end, distinctly flattened and expanded at anterior end. Females differ externally from males in having the apical end of the rostrum slightly more tapered and smooth before the antennal insertions. Length: 1.65-2.00 (Av. 1.82) mm. Width: 0.76-0.95 (Av. 0.84) mm. Width of prothorax: 0.50-0.60 (Av. 0.55) mm. Length of prothorax: 0.43-0.56 (Av. 0.50) mm. N = 14. Holotype: ¢, USNM No. 73240, labelled Nowshera [Peshawar State, Pakistan], 19-V-69, larvae feeding in C[uscuta] campestris fruit, C.I.B.C. SW 5/69-IV-472. Paratypes: Nowshera Pakistan, 13-IX-69, Grub feeding in flower of C[uscuta] campestris, C.1.B.C. SW 9/69-772, 4 646, 12 (3, CIBC, 2 USNM); [same locality], 19-V-69, Larva feeding in C[uscuta] campestris fruit, C.I.B.C. SW 5/69-IV-742, 7 66,2 2¢2 (2, BM, 4, CIBC, 3, USNM). This species is the Smicronyx species “D” of Ghani (1969), who re- ported that it had been collected and reared from Cuscuta campestris Yuncker at Nowshera, and set forth the results of some tests of its oviposition preferences. Its specific name was suggested by the reddish stripes on its elytra, which will serve to distinguish it from the other species treated in this paper. The species most closely resembling S. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 373 rufovittatus are S. albovariegatus Faust and the undescribed species from India already mentioned (in my discussion of S. inornatus n. sp.), which it resembles in body shape and proportions, punctuation of prothorax, color (except for their lack of reddish elytral stripes), general features of the vestiture, shape of median lobe of male genitalia (fig. 31, 32), and (in albovariegatus) surface features of the male propygidium and pygidium (fig. 17, 18, 23, 24). With respect to the shape of the male genitalia, S. parafasciatus n. sp. and S. inornatus n. sp. also resemble this species. As mentioned by Williams and Caswell (1959) and by Anderson (1962, 1970), species of Smicronyx are known to be associated with parasitic plants belonging to 3 families, i.e. Convolvulaceae, Scro- phulariaceae, and Orobanchaceae.? The fact 3 species of Smicronyx (rufovittatus, parafasciatus, and inornatus) associated with Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae ) are related to S. albovariegatus and the undescribed species from India, which are known to be associated with parasitic Scrophulariaceae, may be of significance to further understanding this rather unique range of host-plant preferences. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am particularly indebted to Dr. M. A. Ghani, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, for providing most of the specimens examined in this study and for information about them. My thanks are also due to the staff of the Coleoptera Section, Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History) for their aid while I visited the collection there, and for arranging the loan of specimens; to Dr. E. C. Zimmerman, now at C.S.I.R.O., Canberra, Australia, for his help and encouragement during the initial phases of this work; and to Dr. R. Hertel, Staatliches Museum fiir Tierkunde, Dresden, D.D.R., for arranging the loan of the Faust type specimens. Figures 9 through 12 were drawn by Katherine Conway, staff illustrator. REFERENCES Anderson, D. M. 1962. The weevil genus Smicronyx in America north of Mexico. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 113:185-372. 1970. Dodder weevils in simultaneous association with parasitic plants and parasitic plants and their hosts. Science. 168:132-133. Faust, J. 1885. Turkestanische Riisselkafer. Stett. Entomol. Zeit. 46:149-202. 1886. Verzeichniss der von den Herm Wilkins und Grumm- Grashimailo in Turkestan, Buchara, und im Pamir gesammelten Curculioniden. Hor. Soc. Entomol. Ross. 20:141-178. Ghani, M. A. 1969. Annual Report, “Biologies and host-plant ranges of insects that attack noxious weeds common to Pakistan and the United States,” P.L. 480 Project No. Al7-ENT-14, 1968-1969, 32 pp. C.I.B.C., Pakistan Station, Rawal- pindi. * Detailed discussions of the parasitic nature of various plant genera belonging to these families may be found in Kuijt, 1969. 374 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Hoffmann, A. 1958. Faune de France, 62. Coléopterés Curculionides (Troisiéme Partie). Lechevalier, Paris. 630 pp. Khan, M. Q. and D. V. Murthy. 1955. Smicronyx albovariegatus Faust (Cur- culionidae: Coleoptera) on Striga spp. Indian Journ. Entomol. 17(3):362 (pub. Mar. 1956). Klima, A. 1934. Coleopterorum catalogus, pars 140, Curculionidae: — Erir- rhininae. pp. 1-167, ‘s-Gravenhage. Kuijt, J. 1969. The biology of parasitic flowering plants. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles. 246 pp. Marshall, G. A. K. 1923. On new species of Curculionidae from India. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 12:281-300. 1952. Taxonomic notes on Curculionidae (Col.). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, 5(51):261-272. Motschulsky, V. de. 1858. Entomologie speciale. Insectes des Indes Orientales. Etud. Entomol., pt. 7, pp. 20-122. Williams, C. N., and G. H. Caswell. 1959. An insect attacking Striga. Nature. 184 (4699 ):1668. OBSERVATIONS ON THE NESTING BEHAVIOR OF MIMESA (MIMESA) BASIRUFA PACKARD AND M. (M.) CRESSONIT PACKARD (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE) FRANK E.. KuRCZEWSKI AND Carou J. LANE Department of Entomology, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210 ABSTRACT—Observations on the nesting behavior of Mimesa (Mimesa) basirufa Packard and M. (M.) cressonii Packard are presented with reference to detailing distinguishing components. Important species differences include flight period, nesting-site, presence or absence of a turret around entrance, shape of rearing cell, provisioning and storing times, kinds and sizes of prey, and position of egg-bearing prey in the cell. These differences and other features of the nesting behavior are discussed in relation to finding ethological components of potential importance in Mimesa s. str. The genus Mimesa contains only two subgenera, Mimesa and Mimumesa, in North America north of Mexico. Mimesa are true ground nesters, constructing their own nests, whereas species of Mimumesa occupy ready made burrows in woody stems, timber, and rotting wood (Spooner, 1948). Although the genus was erected by Shuckard in 1837, little information is available regarding the ethology of the group. Williams (1914) described aspects of the nesting be- havior of Mimesa (Mimesa) ezra (Pate) (as M. argentifrons Cresson). He noted that it nested in sandy soil, constructing “a cone of agglutin- ized grains of sand” around the entrance. He reported that the prey, Exitianus exitiosus (Uhler) (Cicadellidae), were small compared to the wasps and were transported in flight, but he did not detail the components of prey carriage. The nest was “nearly vertical, and at least eight inches deep.” Spooner (1948), in his paper on the British Psenini, described the nesting parameters of three Palaearctic species of Mimesa s. str. [M. equestris (Fabricius), M. rufa (Panzer), M. shuckardi Wesmael]. All three species nested in sandy soil on either sloped or level ground. M. shuckardi occasionally selected vertical banks. Burrows of M. shuckardi and M. equestris extended vertically downward for a short distance and then turned sharply in a horizontal direction. The excavated sand was pushed upward, where it accumulated in a “crater- like pile” around the entrance. Mimesa rufa and M. equestris were observed provisioning with both adult and nymphal cicadellids, whereas M. shuckardi utilized only adult females. Adlerz (1903) re- ported that M. equestris transported its prey in flight, the leafhopper being carried head forward, ventral side up, and held by the wasp’s middle legs. 375 376 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Fig. 1, 2. Nesting sites of Mimesa basirufa and M. cressonii, respectively, at Selkirk Shores St. Pk., N.Y. Krombein (1961) noted females of the Nearctic M. basirufa Packard nesting during June in a flat sandy area in Maryland. He reported two prey taken from wasps in transport. Both were cicadellids, one an adult Macropsis viridis (Fitch), the other a nymph of Idiocerus. One burrow went down at a steep angle with several “angulations,” although no cells were found. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 ela (7/ yk ffm é @® © (>) ae $ @D <2 =% —— = e Li Ss FE (ar) 3 4 Fig. 3, 4. Nest structures of Mimesa basirufa and M. cressonii, respectively as seen in side (S) and top (T) views. Cell contents are as follows: (e), eg: (1), larva. Empty cell in Fig. 4 is incompletely provisioned. Scale applies only to Fig. 4. Mimesa (Mimesa) basirufa Packard Our observations on the nesting behavior of Mimesa (Mimesa) basirufa Packard were made from 20 June to 17 July 1972 at Selkirk Shores State Park, Oswego Co., New York. Females nested in the vertical bank of a sandpit (Fig. 1). The bank, 5 feet high, is composed of sand, except for the upper 30 cm of organic soil which is interwoven with dead rootlets. Most of the nest entrances were found among the rootlets. However, two females nested on a sandy slope below the vertical bank. One nest was located at the base of a small plant, the other under a clump of sand. Attempts at tracing the proximal portions of the burrows originating either among the rootlets or in the bare sand were largely unsuccessful. All of these burrows extended downward into pure sand. Digging behavior was observed only once. A female which had been randomly searching in entrances and cavities among the rootlets entered an inactive bee burrow. Several seconds later, she pushed soil out of the entrance and reentered the burrow. Minutes later she 378 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 appeared head first, exited, and did not return. This was apparently an abortive attempt at nest construction. The nest entrances ranged from 3.5 to 5.0 cm (mean 4.5) in diameter; burrow diameters were 3.0 cm. Cells of nests originating among the rootlets were found in sand well below the entrances, 25 cm and deeper, and 6-19 cm in from the entrance. The cells of nests situated on the slope were found from 8.5 to 15 cm below the nest entrances (Fig. 3). These cells, however, were only 3 to 6 cm from the face of the slope. The cells of M. basirufa averaged 8.4 (5.5-10.0) 5.7 mm (4.0-6.0; N = 23). The females transported the small leafhoppers in flight. The prey was clasped under the wasp’s body, head forward and venter up. It was held by the female’s middle legs, allowing her full use of the other legs. Provisioning females landed beside or below their open entrances. Those females nesting in the vertical bank landed on and climbed up or down the rootlets in order to enter their nests, whereas those nesting on the sandy slope simply walked into their entrances. No female was observed flying directly into her entrance upon re- turning with prey. Provisioning times ranged from only 2:25 min. to an hour (mean, 26:02). Storage times ranged from 3:15 to 14:05 min. (mean, 6:46). Females were usually observed provisioning nests between 10:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.; however, one female with prey was noted at 7:10 p.m. while another was observed searching in entrances at 8:00 p.m. The prey of M. basirufa consisted of Cicadellidae (Table 1). Cells contained either all nymphs or all adults, and individual females provisioned their nests with either nymphs or adults. A fully pro- visioned cell contained, on the average, 3 (2-6, N = 21) leafhoppers. Only two leafhoppers were found in nine of the cells. The females were often noticeably larger than their prey. Individual prey weighed from 4.70 to 9.57 mg (mean, 6.63, N=16). One female weighed 9.19 mg. The total prey weight in a single cell ranged from 11.32 to 34.55 mg (mean, 24.85, N=5). Prey were placed either venter up or venter in. In many of the cells that contained only two prey the leafhoppers were placed venter up, while in those cells containing more than two prey they were usually placed venter in. The position of the egg-bearing leafhopper in cells with several prey was on top of the other prey. The wasp’s egg, 1.8 x 0.5 mm, creamy white and evenly curved, was affixed longitudinally on the venter of the thorax of the leafhopper and extended from just below the eye to the hind coxa. Although the position of the egg is relatively fixed, wasps may oviposit on either side. One larva was found feeding on the left side, between the neck and front coxa, while another larger larva was found attached to a leafhopper’s right forewing. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 379 Table 1. Families and species of prey of species of Mimesa. Number of specimens Species of prey Adults Immatures M. basirufa CICADELLIDAE Oncopsis variabilis (Fitch) 13iOe a Oncopsis sorbrius (Walker ) Cor alc Idiocerus sp. 62 M. cressonii CICADELLIDAE Doratura stylata (Boheman) LALOR 20% Diplocolenus configuratus (Uhler) IO Be 2 Athysanella longicauda Beirne 105. S28 Polyamia compacta (Osborn & Ball) 5Q Laevicephalus melsheimeri (Fitch ) roe 10'S Scaphytopius sp.? 4 DELPHACIDAE Delphacodes campestris Van Duzee 1¢é Delphacodes sp., prob. campestris Van Duzee 19 1 Laccocera vittipennis Van Duzee 1¢$ Liburniella ornata (Stal) IL PSYLLIDAE Craspedolepta sp. 1é Some cells situated in the vertical bank were attacked by small red ants. No maggots were found in any of the cells. A female of Nysson melanopus Pate was observed entering and exiting from one of the nests on the slope, but no evidence of parasitism was found in this nest. Mimesa (Mimesa) cressonii Packard Our observations on the nesting behavior of Mimesa (Mimesa) cressonii were made from 17 July to 1 August and from 28 August to 1 September 1972 at the same locality. Females nested in a sandy field utilized as a snowmobile path during the winter (fig. 2). Many of the nest entrances were surrounded by turrets (fig. 5), which were the result of soil pushed up the burrow. Several double turrets were noted; broken turrets, lying across and concealing en- trances were also observed. The double turret could be the result of a second turret being built after the first toppled. Turret height ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 cm (mean, 1.2, N=17). Recent turrets were higher than older ones, indicating the activities of the wasps and 380 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 weathering. Turret diameter averaged 0.6 cm (0.4-1.0, N = 17) at the top and 2.7 cm (0.7-4.0, N = 29) at ground level. Wind and rain frequently removed the outer soil of the turret, leaving only the agglutinated center. One female was noted depositing sand outside her entrance. She backed out, exposing only the thorax and abdomen, and quickly transferred pellets of sand from the front to the hind legs while anchoring the middle legs ventrolaterally against the entrance walls. The hind legs scratched away the pellets, where they accumulated at the bottom of the turret. Six nests were excavated. Burrow diameters were 3.0 cm. Cells were unearthed between 12.6 and 54.5 cm (mean, 29.7, N = 30) be- low the ground surface (fig. 4). All of the cells were found in moist sand below the organic layer. The first cell was built furthest from and later cells progressively closer to the entrance. The cells repre- sented the enlarged ends of the burrow, and oviposition occurred after the full complement of prey had been collected by the wasp. The female would then close off the cell, move up the burrow, and construct a new cell at the end of a horizontal burrow. Cell size averaged 7.7 (5.0-10.0) X 7.0 mm (4.5-9.0, N = 26). Although females of M. cressonii transported their prey in the same manner as those of M. basirufa, they did not pause beside the nest entrance upon returning. Rather, they flew directly into the nest with the prey (fig. 6). Provisioning times ranged from 1 to 14:29 min. (mean, 6:41). Storage times varied between 0:15 and 1:10 min. (mean, 0:40). Fe- males were observed provisioning between 11:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.; however, a few females were noted hunting as early as 9:25 a.m. The fully provisioned cells contained from 9 to 17 prey (mean, 14.7, N =19). Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, and Psyllidae were preyed upon, with adult Doratura stylata (Boheman) (Cicadellidae) comprising most of the provisions (Table 1). The females were considerably larger than their prey. Individual prey weighed from 0.36 to 3.56 mg (mean, 1.80, N = 242), whereas females weighed from 5.9 to 9.0 mg (mean, 7.6, N=5). The total weight of prey per cell ranged from 14.65 to 39.70 mg (mean, 27.26, Ni—6)e Several incomplete cells were found at the ends of the burrows. The prey in these cells were ill-arranged, whereas those in fully- provisioned cells were neatly arranged, usually head-inward and facing away from the burrow. Most prey were placed venter-up, al- though some at the top of the cell were positioned dorsum-up. The egg-bearer was laid at the innermost end of the cell, head in- ward and usually venter-up. The wasp’s egg, 1.2 x 0.3 mm, was affixed ventrally near the base of the front coxa and extended longitudinally backward beyond the base of the hind coxa. Eggs or PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 381 puyoys INCHES Fig. 5, 6. Mimesa cressonii. 5, Turret and entrance to nest. 6, Female enter- ing nest with prey. larvae were found on either side of the prey. Two cocoons, each 7 mm long, were found. They consisted of silk and oral secretions, with sand grains and prey parts adhering to the surface. Six of 27 cells were destroyed by. small red ants. All six cells were from one nest and were situated close to the organic layer. Three 382 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC, WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 cells were parasitized by Miltogramminae (Sarcophagidae), but each contained only a single maggot. The maggots, 3 to 7 mm long, were not found in any particular position within the cell. Two maggots were placed in vials containing damp sand, and one adult Senotainia trilineata (Wulp) eventually emerged. Females of this fly were ob- served entering nests in an apparent attempt to larviposit. Female mutillids were also noted investigating entrances. DIscuSSION Spooner (1948) distinguished Mimesa s. str. from other psenine wasps on the basis of provisioning with small Cicadellidae, excavating burrows in sandy soil, and carrying the prey ventrally with the middle pair of legs. Because the subgenus Mimesa has not been studied from the standpoint of comparative behavior and, therefore, little in- formation is available on the nesting behavior of the various species, a comparison of M. basirufa and M. cressonii will serve to delineate some ethological components of potential value. M. basirufa and M. cressonii may be separated temporally at Selkirk Shores, N. Y. However, there is probably some overlap between the two species in July. We were unable to observe either species in late summer and early fall in order to ascertain whether or not there are second generations. Krombein (1963) believed that M. basirufa is “usually univoltine” in Maryland. Although M. basirufa nested in a sand cliff and M. cressonii in- habited a sandy field at Selkirk, Krombein (1961) reported the former species occupying level sand in Maryland. It would be enlightening to know whether or not M. basirufa, when nesting in flat sand, con- structs a turret around its entrance as does M. cressonii. According to Williams (1914) and Spooner (1948), Mimesa (Mimesa) ezra and M. (M.) equestris construct turrets around entrances in level sand, although the turret structures were described variously. Despite the fact that Spooner (1948) categorized species of Mimesa s. str. as constructing their own nests in sandy soil, observations on M. basirufa suggest that the females may select and utilize portions of other suitable-sized insect burrows for the proximal portions of their nests. Although nests of M. basirufa were exceedingly difficult to excavate and, despite the fact that this species nested in sand cliffs, the burrow architecture of the multicellular nests of the two species is similar. The main burrow of M. cressonii enters the ground perpendicularly and this is related to building deep nests in level sand. As in many sphecids, the first cell built in M. cressonii is further from the entrance than subsequent cells. The rearing cells of M. basirufa are slightly longer and narrower than those of M. cressonii, possibly reflecting differences in the number and size of prey and how they are posi- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 383 tioned in the cell. The more circular cell of the latter species may, in fact, be related to the storage of many smaller prey. We could not discern differences in the manner in which the pro- visioning wasps transport their prey to the nests even though M. basirufa utilized larger prey than M. cressonii. According to Spooner (1948), Mimesa s. str. can be distinguished from the subgenus Mimumesa during prey transport by the manner in which the females grasp their prey. Females of the latter subgenus hold their very small prey with the mandibles, whereas those of the former use the middle legs. Manner of entry into the nest could serve to distinguish M. basirufa from M. cressonii as the former invariably landed nearby before entering while the latter always plunged directly in while hold- ing the prey. However, this apparent distinction may be_habitat- related and M. basirufa, when nesting in flat sand, may enter its nest directly. Mimesa cressonii brought prey to the nest much more quickly than M. basirufa and took much less time in storing them. This could be related to the proximity of the hunting grounds, and/or to the size and abundance of prey. Miller and Kurczewski (In Press) have demonstrated an inverse relationship between size of prey and in- dividual provisioning times in the crabronine genus Lindenius. This correlation may hold up for other groups of wasps. There were distinct differences in the kinds and sizes of prey utilized by the two species of Mimesa. Mimesa basirufa provisioned with larger cicadellids of only a few genera and stored few prey per cell, whereas M. cressonii captured and stored not only different genera of cicadellids but also delphacids and psyllids and stocked each cell with many small prey. Even though females of M. basirufa were slightly larger and weighed more than females of M. cressonii, the range and mean of total weights of prey per cell for the two species were almost the same. In some cells of M. basirufa the egg-bearing leafhopper was placed uppermost in the cell, whereas in M. cressonii the egg-bearer was often innermost. This might reflect the different sizes of the individual prey within the small confines of the cell. The placement of the wasp’s ege was rather uniform in both species and might serve as a genus-specific character. In many other genera of solitary wasps, with few exceptions, placement of the egg is often uniform within the genus if the species prey upon the same group of insects. Although M. cressonii was more afflicted with ants and parasites than M. basirufa, this might simply reflect a difference in nesting site. Several workers on solitary bees and wasps have suggested that nests built in sand cliffs, because of the “atypical” habitat, are less attacked by the customary parasites, predators, and scavengers than those constructed in level sand. 384 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to A. R. Gittins, University of Idaho, for checking the identities of Mimesa basirufa and M. cressonii; J. P. Kramer and L. M. Russell, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for determining the prey; R. A. Norton, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, for photographing the wasp and turret; S. P. Maslansky, Ithaca, N.Y., for photographing the study areas; and, R. C. Miller, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, for his enthusiastic field assistance. Funds, in part, were provided by a Grant-in-Aid from the Research Foundation of the State University of New York (No. 10- 7116-A). REFERENCES Adlerz, G. 1903. Lefnadsforhallanden och instinkter inom Familjerna Pompilidae och Sphegidae. I. K. svensk Vet. Akad. Handl. 37:1-179. Krombein, K. V. 1961. Miscellaneous prey records of solitary wasps. IV. (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 56:62-65. 1963. Natural History of Plummers Island, Maryland. XVII. An annotated list of the wasps (Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea, Scolioidea, Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 76:255— 280. Miller, R. C. and F. E. Kurezewski. Comparative behavior of wasps in the genus Lindenius (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Crabroninae). J.N.Y. Ent. Soc. (In Press ). Spooner, G. M. 1948. The British species of psenine wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae ). Trans. Royal Ent. Soc. London 99:129-172. Williams, F. X. 1914. Notes on the habits of some wasps that occur in Kansas, with the description of a new species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 8:221-230. A FAUNISTIC STUDY OF ASILIDAE (DIPTERA) AT THREE LOCATIONS IN NORTHERN BALTIMORE COUNTY, MARYLAND: INCIDENCE, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION A. G. SCARBROUGH Department of Biology, Towson State College, Baltimore, Maryland 21204 ABSTRACT—A three year study of Asilidae at three locations in northern Baltimore County, Maryland, produced 3833 specimens representing 37 species in 17 genera. The Loch Raven location was the most productive with 29 species in 15 genera, and the Stella Maris field was the least productive with only 13 species in 11 genera. The faunas of the two wooded locations (Sheppard Pratt Woods and Stream and Loch Raven location) were similar, with 15 species in common. Cerotainia macrocera was the most abundant species in all locations during each year of the study. Species diversity was greatest in habitats which had abrupt changes in vegetation, temperatures and light intensity. Shaded or dimly lighted and open field habitats produced few species. Asilids were found at each location from early June until mid-September or early October. Collec- tions of Dioctria baumhaueri, Laphria index, and L. divisor represent new state records. INTRODUCTION McAtee and Banks (1920) published a list of 83 species of asilids from the vicinity of Washington, D.C. Most of the species in this list were collected from various locations on the Maryland-Virginia border west of the City. The largest number of species were taken at three locations; 43 species from Plummers Island, 68 species from the Great Falls-Little Falls section of the Potomac River Valley and 25 species from Beltsville. The asilids from other sections of Maryland are relatively unknown. Thus a faunistic study of the Asilidae was under- taken to determine the species present, their relative abundance and seasonal distribution at three locations in northern Baltimore County, Maryland. Study Areas The Stella Maris Location (SMF) (NE/4 Baltimore Quadrangle 15’; 39°26’43”N, 76°35’/0”E.), an abandoned field of about 25 acres, is located one mile South of the number two bridge on Loch Raven Reservoir. The field, typically dry during the collecting season, has undergone no disturbance since it was cleared of timber in the late 1940’s (personal communication; John Summer, Director, Stella Maris Hospices). The soil is sandy, and the field slopes downward from the south and west sides with water collecting in temporary streams at lower sites and emptying into the Reservoir. The vegetation is dominated by annuals and biennials and a few scattered woody plants. 385 386 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 The latter are usually single plants, although small groups of trees and woody vines occur along the streams. Dominant plants in the field are Solidago spp., Dacus carota L., Andropogon sp., Robinia pseudo-acacia L., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Rhus glabra L., Prunus serotina Ehrhart, Lonicera spp., and Rosa sp. The classification system of plants by Fernald (1950) was followed. The Sheppard Pratt Woods and Stream (SPWS) (Baltimore Quad- rangle; 70°37’2”W, 39°23/22’”N), approximately 20 acres in size, is bordered on three sides by open grassy field. The understory of the woods, having undergone frequent irregular clearing and buming, has not been re-established throughout, and the woods here become notice- ably dry during the summer. Sandy soil and rapid drainage also contribute to the lack of undergrowth. The woods, divided by a stream and two ponds, is characterized by dense understory inside the west and east margins and along the stream banks and ponds. Dominant plants are Fraxinus americana L., Quercus borealis Micheaux, Q. alba L., Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart, Liriodendron tulipifera_L., Prunus spp., Viburnum acerifolium L., Lonicera sp., Rubus phaenico- lasius Maximowicz, Podophyllum peltatum 1., Circaea alpina L., Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott, Ambrosia trifida L., Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nuttall and Impatiens capensis Meerburgh. The Loch Raven location (LRW) (Baltimore Quadrangle; 39°27’ 3’N, 76°32’45”E), a section of about 25 acres of woods bordering the north shore of Loch Raven Reservoir, is located % mile east of the intersection of Delaney Valley and Loch Raven Roads. The col- lecting area slopes upward from a wet lowland woods bordering a stream to a dry upland woods. Collecting trails in the upland woods are open overhead and sunlit during most of the day, while trails at lower elevations are almost invariably shaded. The undergrowth through most of the woods is impassable, especially along the upland paths and margins of small clearings. The soil is sandy although red clay outcroppings are common near the top of the hills. Pinus strobus L. and L. tulipifera are dominant trees throughout the low moist wood- land. Major understory species include Carya tomentosa (L.) Nuttall, Cornus florida L., Acer negundo L. and Rhus radicans L. Diversity and abundance of shrubs and herbs are restricted by the dense canopy. Lindera benzoin L., Lonicera japonica Thunberg, L. morrowi Gray, Rubus sp., Rubus phaenicolasius, Rhus glabra, Solidago altissima L., D. carota, Aster spp. and Poa spp. are confined to open sunlit areas and along paths. Characteristic trees in the uplands are Quercus spp. (borealis, prinus L. and alba), F. grandifolia, Carya sp. and L. tulipifera. A few large stands of Pinus resinosa Aiton and scattered Pinus virginiana Miller are also found in these woods. See Redmann (1974) for a complete description of the flora of the Loch Raven watershed. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 387 METHODS All collections were made in late spring, summer and fall during a three year period at three locations in Baltimore County, Maryland. Collecting dates ranged from 15 June to 1 October in 1971, and from 1 May to 1 October in 1972 and 1973. One or two methods of collecting asilids were used at each location. A hand net and three portable Malaise traps (ERI Malaise Trap, Model No. 300) were used at SPWS. Traps were placed at collecting sites along the stream bank, field-woods interface and 10 yards inside the west margin of the woods. Previous collecting had shown an abundance of asilids at these sites. At SPWS, asilids were also collected with a hand net while walking through the woods from one trap site to another. Only insect nets were used to collect asilids at SMF and LRW because damage by vandals and deer prevented use of Malaise traps at these locations. Flies were taken routinely every 3 to 4 days at each location. Flies were collected along a standard route of about 1% miles at SMF and LRW. Collecting routes included small groups of trees, open fields and temporary streams at SMF; and shaded and sunlit paths and clearings at LRW. These collections were made during periods of good weather, usually beginning at 10:30 and continuing for about 1% hours at each location. The period was sometimes lengthened due to an abundance of flies. Previous collecting in these locations indi- cated that asilids were most active between 10:30 and 13:30. The daily catch is defined as the total number of specimens taken by all methods at a given location on a given date. Malaise trap catches actually included specimens taken during the preceding 1-2 days. Certain females of Laphria and Leptogaster cannot be identified unless captured in copula. Females captured singly were plotted separately in the tables and figures. Asilids reported in this study represent only captured specimens and additional possible species observed will not be reported. All species observed were captured on each collecting day, although all speci- mens observed during the first collecting season were not captured. The latter was found unsatisfactory since all species were not readily identified in the field. Therefore attempts were made to capture all specimens observed during the remaining two collecting seasons. The asilids were identified by the author and will be retained in the author's collection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The three year study produced 3833 specimens representing at least 37 species in 17 genera (Tables 1-3). The fauna varied at each location 13 species in 11 genera at SMF, 24 species in 15 genera at SPWS and 29 species in 15 genera at LRW. Five species, Holco- 388 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Table 1. Numbers, percents and species of asilids collected during a three year period at Stella Maris Field in Baltimore Co., Maryland. 1971 1972 1973 Genus and Species No. % No. % No. % Apachekolos tenuipes (Loew ) — = vl 6.4 if 0.4 Leptogaster spp. - _ 1 0.9 4 1.5 Ceraturgus cruciatus (Say) - - - - 1 0.4 Diogmites discolor Loew 6 17.6 14 IPT i OT D. neoternatus (Bromley ) 1 2.9 - - - = Holcocephala abdominalis (Say ) - - a 6.4 3 ED, H. calva (Loew) - - - - 2 0.8 Taracticus octopunctatus (Say ) - - - - i 0.4 Atomosia glabrata (Say) — — - - 1 0.4 Cerotainia macrocera (Say) 10 29.4 35 31.8 164 63.3 Asilus sericeus (Say ) - - 1 0.9 - - Efferia aestuans (1. ) iS 38.2 10 OT 33 MO 5T E. pogonias (Wiedemann ) - _ 3 OT 4 1135) Ommatius tibialis (Say) 4 Sg ite) 32 29:1 38 14.7 34 110 259 cephala abdominalis, H. calva, Cerotainia macrocera, Efferia aestuans and Ommatius tibialis, were collected at each location but only C. macrocera was dominant at all. The faunas at SPWS and LRW showed the greatest similarity with at least 15 species in common. Only one species, Taracticus octopunctatus, was collected at both SPWS and SMF, while three species, Apachekolos tenuipes, Ceraturgus cruciatus and E. pogonias, were collected at SMF and LRW. Several species were found only at a single location; three species, Dioctria baumhaueri, Heteropogon macerinus and Tolmerus maneiti, at SPWS, four species, Diogmites discolor, D. neoternatus, Atomosia glabrata, and Asilus sericeus, at SMF, and six species, Laphria divisor, L. flavi- collis, L. grossa, L. posticata, L. sericea and L. virginica, at LRW. With the exception of D. baumhaueri, L. index and L. divisor, all species found in this study have been previously recorded from Maryland. Dominant species at each location were abundant during each year of the study (Tables 1-3). Of these only C. macrocera was abundant every year at all locations. The remaining species were abundant at one or two locations but were not necessarily restricted to them. Dioctria tibialis was abundant only at LRW. Neoitamus flavofemo- ratus, Leptogaster flavipes and H. calva were most abundant at SPWS, and E. aestuans, O. tibialis and D. discolor at SMF. Laphria spp., especially L. sicula, and H. abdominalis were abundant at SPWS and LRW. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 389 Table 2. Numbers, percents and species of asilids collected during a three year period, from the Sheppard Pratt Woods and Stream in Baltimore Co., Maryland. 1971 1972, 1973. Genus and Species No. % No. % No. % Leptogaster flavipes Loew 15 3.5 52 8.0 79 TES Psilonyx annulatus (Say) 3 3.0 2 0.3 19 225 Tipulogaster glabrata (Wiedemann) — = = = 1 0.1 Dioctria baumhaueri Meigen - - 3 0.5 ~ - D. tibialis Banks - — 4 0.6 5 0.7 Heteropogon macerinus (Walker ) - ~ _ - 3 0.4 Holcocephala abdominalis 89 20.6 146 22.5 180 26.3 H. calva 82 18.9 114 IG} 126 18.4 Holopogon phaeonotus Loew _ 3 0.5 - - Taracticus octopunctatus 8 1.8 26 4.0 13 1.9 Atomosia puella (Wiedemann ) _ = 4 0.6 - Cerotainia macrocera Ww 18.2 130 20.0 140 2 Laphria spp. 19 4.4 10 1.5 bs 2.2 L. canis Williston 2 0.5 2 0.3 il 0.1 L. index McAtee 5 1e2, - - - - L. ithygypa McAtee 8 1.8 6 0.9 2 0.3 L. sicula McAtee 33 els G 1.5 21 3.5 L. thoracica Fabricius 2 0.5 - - - L. winnemana McAtee - ~ 1 0.2 - - Efferia aestuans 4 0.9 i Wail 8 ae, Ommatius tibialis 10 ES fe) 1.4 11 1.6 Neoitamus flavofemoratus (Hine) = 15 3.5 52. 8.0 79 11.5 Tolmerus maneei (Hine) 1 0.3 - ~ - _ T. notatus (Wiedemann ) 8 1.8 ME bere 3 0.4 T. novascotiae (Macquart ) 1 0.3 ~ - 1 0.1 433 649 685 Table 4 summarizes habitats and asilids occurring at the locations. The term ‘habitat’ refers to the site where each species was most frequently taken at all locations. Species diversity was greatest in habitats 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8. These habitats have similar features in- cluding abrupt changes in vegetation patterns, air temperature and light intensity. Most asilids collected in these habitats were perched in areas of diffuse light or shadows, with their heads directed toward the open sunlit areas. Various potential prey species were usually abundant in these sunlit openings where they were invariably inter- cepted and captured in flight. Few adult asilids found in forest situa- tions perch in direct sunlight for lengthy periods. The notable excep- tions were C. macrocera, D. tibialis and various bumblebee mimics of the genus Laphria. 390 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Table 3. Numbers, percents and species of asilids collected during a three year period from the Loch Raven location in Baltimore Co., Maryland. 1971 1972 1973 Genus and Species No. % No. % No. To Apachekolos tenuipes = = - (0) 972 - - Leptogaster spp. — — - - 10 1.0 L. flavipes 6 Dal 6 1.0 - - Psilonyx annulatus 5 4.3 23 5.0 26 eel Tipulogaster glabrata 1 0.9 9 2.0 4 0.4 Ceraturgus cruciatus - — - - 3} 0.3 Dioctria tibialis aS 13.0 83 16.0 74 ot Holcocephala abdominalis 10 9.0 81 16.0 238 24.9 H. calva 1 0.9 - - 1 0.1 Holopogon phaeonotus - - - - 34 3.6 Atomosia puella 2 ewe i 2.0 14 1.4 Cerotainia macerocera Sy 44.0 109 22,0! ~262 27.4 Laphria spp. 13 11.0 42 9.0 45 A7 L. canis it 0.9 9 2.0 Pall 2.2 L. divisor (Banks) - - 1 0.2 1 0.1 L. flavicollis Say - - 2 0.4 8) 0.3 L. grossa (Fabricius ) = - 3 0.6 5 0.5 L. index - - il 0.2 - - L. ithypyga - ~ - - i 0.1 L. posticata Say 1 0.9 3.0 8 0.8 L. sicula 5 4.3 33 7.0 76 8.0 L. sericea Say - - = = 8 0.8 L. thoracica I 0.9 2 0.4 15 1.6 L. virginica (Banks ) 1 0.9 8 12, 34 3.6 L. winnemana - - 0.8 7 0.7 Efferia aestuans - - 0.8 6 0.6 E. pogonias - — Neoitamus flavofemoratus - = Ommatius tibialis - Tolmerus notatus 2, Wer T. novascotiae il eB OrRNrY & os Hs bo “1 | ial ~] me bo i Rg 491 955 Shaded or dimly lighted habitats produced few species (Table 4). Leptogaster spp., L. flavipes, A. tenuipes and T. glabrata were most frequently taken in habitats 1, 5 and 9. Several specimens were ob- served in habitat 6 but none were captured. Leptogaster spp. were taken on three occasions in habitat 2 on cloudy days following summer showers. No adults were observed in this habitat during normal sun- lit conditions. An occasional specimen of T. octopunctatus, H. phaeono- tus and a few Laphria spp. were taken in shaded habitats 5 and 6. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 391 Table 4. Summary of habitats and asilids occurring at three locations in Northern Baltimore Co., Maryland. meri 4 e435 3 ¢ : a ae : sf 3 3 4 x 3 3 3 i 5 § a SB e = a Bod : 3 8 3 sUian 2 FE & Ss) we es 6 BE 3 3 3 38 asa Ee 3 PETER E SEs 2 3 Es oe =aas q See eeCet ek mers) fie 2 8 Scns = 3 ao4 3 = ry 6 DRY FIELD SHRUBS-TREES 2. OPEN AREAS 3. WOOD-FIELD INTERFACE 4. STREAM MARGIN 5. WOODS: HEAVY UNDERGROWTH €. SPARSE UNDER- GROWTH 7. CLEARINGS 8. PATH-SUNLIT 9. PATH-SHADED These species were frequently taken in these and similar habitats when sunlit. All asilids depend upon sufficient light to locate and to capture prey (Lavigne, 1969). Thus light quality undoubtedly influences the behavior of these flies in shaded habitats. Leptogaster spp. (Melin, 1923; Scarbrough and Sipes, 1973) and P. annulatus (as Leptogaster annulatus Say, Newkirk, 1963) exploit slowly flying soft-bodied in- sects, attacking prey at short range or capturing resting prey. How- ever they are not always successful in recognizing and capturing prey. Prey are frequently ‘missed’, and various inanimate objects are some- times mistaken for prey. Adults of A. tenuipes and T. glabrata behave similarily under field conditions. Species in open fields are usually less diverse but often occur in greater number of individuals (Bromley, 1946). The latter is prob- ably due to the limited number of habitats in fields. Of the 13 species collected at SMF, the most abundant flies were taken from habitats 1 and 2. Ommatius tibialis and C. macrocera were associated with small clumps of shrubs and small trees along the margins of tem- porary streams. Diogamites spp. and E. pogonias were captured in the open field, perched on exposed soil or herbaceous plants. Efferia aestuans, found in both habitats foraging from and perching on woody and herbaceous plants and occasionally exposed sand, has strong flight muscles and flies considerable distances in various activities. It oviposited on plants in each location, i.e., in a dead twig of R. pseudo- acacia, behind the leaf sheath of Andropogon sp., and in the fruit head of Allium canadense L. Summaries of seasonal distribution and succession of asilids at each location are presented in Figures 1-3. Heavy lines indicate species cap- tured on a particular date. A continuous line indicates that a species 392 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Apachekolos tenuipes gaster spp. (##) Fig. 1. Three year summary of seasonal distribution and succession of asilids at the Stella Maris location in Northern Baltimore Co., Maryland. was captured on consecutive collecting dates. Some species are repre- sented by small numbers of collection records so that their seasonal distributions are probably not well defined. Other species were col- lected in sufficient numbers so that their seasonal distributions are well represented. Apachekolos tenuipes was the first asilid to appear in late spring at SMF occurring from the first of June to early July. This species overlaps that of Leptogaster spp. Behaviorly, both are similar to P. annulatus (Newkirk, 1963) and Leptogaster spp. (Melin, 1923, Scar- brough and Sipes, 1973). All forage among shaded succulent plants, © o a ih o D Cal < Late . . ct OF ta +P aed pen Papa pad . -_ 2 . N sa 4s Eom \ => nd ' ' 6x8 ad oo i>} oOo c a, 4 ~ IAAnS + ' ' Bu Ba > ' =} iF =i ~ Bain SHEPPARD PRATT WOODS Sa i o s APEGPSEST SA ga pea 0 2 Neoitams flavofemoratus Holopogon phae: Leptogaster fl Dioctria bawnhauert D. tibialis Psilonyx ainulatus Atomosia puella Efferia aestuans Heteropogon macerinus Tolmerus novascotiae Fig. 2. Three year summary of seasonal distribution and succession of asilids at the Sheppard Pratt Woods and Stream location in Northern Baltimore Co., Maryland. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 393 a i Aw un qo 4 Ps) > ed Ne} bal ~t ~ N snPaaPanad Panag - : 4 > is a ' D a ' i 9 forfor sx ' ' wo a ! Gal fo} SS: 50 nq a o qd nN o 4 io] = J=znj 25 = ies as his Spy ae Rv as Ss S28 SS See se Si(¢.9) Ry mics —_— 3 sonst | QO oD oO = zai Duy a0 n ~¥ =, 1.2 S&S oS qo ~ & fasciata. = 4 4s I 6, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 399 Epitrix parvula (Fab.), Jacoby, 1884, p. 355. Epitrix fasciata Blatchley, 1918, p. 56. Epitrix parvula of authors (part). Fabricius (1801) recorded the source of his specimens of parvula as “Habitat in America meridionali. D. Smidt. Mus. D. de Sehestedt.” On the basis of information supplied by M. Henriksen, Mequignon (1934, p. 171) stated that the Fabrician types of a couple of species of Chelonarium were probably captured by Smidt on the Antillean island of St. Thomas where Smidt was engaged in a business. It is therefore likely that the type of parvula was also taken on St. Thomas. One portion of the brief Fabrician description casts some doubt as to whether it refers to a member of Epitrix or not. The words “Elytra laeuia” could mean that the elytra are smooth, or that they are not rough, or might also mean that they are without hair. If either of the first two meanings was intended, it is not decisive; however, if the third meaning was intended, the description does not apply to a member of Epitrix, for all have prominent pubescence on the elytra. There is, of course, no way of knowing what Fabricius meant. Until such time as the type-specimen can be located and examined the above synonymy will have to stand. I use the name fasciata to maintain Blackwelder’s usage (1946) and because of doubts about the status of the Fabrician species parvula. DEFINITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND Hosts As compared with fasciata (fig. 6), hirtipennis (fig. 5) is a little larger, a little more elongate, and has the elytral spot rarely broken at the third interval. The length of hirtipennis is 1.6 to 2.2 mm, and the body is 1.9 to 2.0 times as long as wide. The length of fasciata is 1.4 to 1.7 mm, the body is 1.7 to 1.8 times as long as wide, and the spot of each elytron is frequently broken at the 3rd interval. The best character for distinguishing the two species is found in the male genitalia. In dorsal view of the genitalia of hirtipennis (fig. 4), the sides at the apex are distinctly curved and form a pointed arch. The apex of the genitalia of fasciata has the sides nearly straight and they meet at about a 45° angle. Also, from a side view the apex of the genitalia in hirtipennis is more sinuous than in fasciata. There are also differences in the spermathecae of the females of fasciata and hirtipennis. The most useful difference involves the angle of the spermathecal duct (the ventral, tail-like extension of the spermatheca) to the receptacle (the bulbous, main portion of the spermatheca). In a well-prepared, undamaged spermatheca of fasciata (fig. 1) the duct forms a clearly greater angle to the receptacle than does the duct of a specimen of hirtipennis (fig. 2). The terminology I have used for the spermatheca is that of Seeno and Andrews (1972). 400 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsh.) is found nearly throughout the U.S. It is also recorded from Mexico (Blackwelder, 1946, p. 704), but I have not seen specimens from that country. I have seen E. fasciata from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Central America, the Caribbean, Venezuela, Columbia, Brasil, and Argentina. In addition we have 5 specimens from Pocomoke, Maryland, taken on 12-x-43. The latter record is far out of the usual and expected range, and the specimens could be mislabeled. The hosts of fasciata (as given on labels of specimens examined) are eggplant, tomato, tobacco, potato, squash, okra, wild mustard, and Physalis. The hosts of hirtipennis (again from label data) are tobacco ground cherry, potato, tomato, corn, eggplant, nightshade, Jimson weed, and Solanum sp. I have had available for study the USNM collection amounting to about 650 mounted specimens of hirtipennis from North America and about 270 mounted specimens of fasciata from North, Central, and South America. I would like to thank George Steyskal (USDA) for translation assistance, and Terry Seeno (California Dept. Agric.) for loan of slides and data on female spermathecae. The data given for the Paykull, 1799 reference below are from Horn and Schenkling, 1929, Index Litteraturae Entomologicae; I have seen only page 102 of the Paykull paper. REFERENCES Blackwelder, R. E. 1946. Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull. 185, pt. 4, pp. 551-763. Blatchley, W. S. 1918. On some new or noteworthy Coleoptera from the west coast of Florida—IV. Can. Entomol., 50(2):52-59. Crotch, G. R. 1873. Materials for the study of the phytophaga of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 25:19-83. Fabricius, J. C. 1801. Systema eleutheratorum. vol. 1. Kiliae, 506 pp. Gentner, L. G. 1944. The black flea beetles of the genus Epitrix commonly identified as cucumeris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 46(6):137-149. Illiger, J. C. W. 1807. Verzeichniss der arten der flohkifer, Halticae, in der Hellwig Hoffmanseggischen summlung . . . Mag. fiir Insecten. 6:81-188. Melsheimer, F. E. 1847. Descriptions of new species of Coleoptera of the United States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 3(7):158-181. Méquignon, A. 1934. Sur quelques types de Chelonarium [Col. Dryopidae (’)]. Bull. Soe. Entomol. France, 34(11):171-174. Paykull, G. 1799. Fauna Suecica; Insecta. (Col.). Upsaliae, Vol. 2. 234 pp. Seeno, T. N., and F. G. Andrews. 1972. Alticinae of California, Part I: Epitrix spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Col. Bull., 26(2):53-61. Suffrian, E. 1868. Verzeichniss der von Dr. Gundlach auf der Insel Cuba gesammelten Chrysomelinen. Arch. Naturgesch. 34(1):163-252. BIOLOGY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF DISCOCERINA OBSCURELLA (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE)' B.A. Foote aNnp W1Lu1AM C. EASTIN? Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240 ABSTRACT—The basic life history of Discocerina obscurella (Fallén) was investigated in northeastern Ohio during 1969 and 1970. Adults were found commonly in a variety of open marshy situations that contained large quantities of decaying vegetation, but they were most abundant in shoreline habitats. Larvae reared in the laboratory fed upon wet peat moss and decaying lettuce. Probably they were actually utilizing microorganisms. There are 2—5 generations a year in northern Ohio, and the life cycle can be completed in 1-2 months. The egg, 3 larval instars, and puparium are described and illustrated. The dipterous family Ephydridae, the shore flies, presently contains 347 North American species (Wirth, 1965). Rather surprisingly, in- formation on larval feeding habits is available for only some 20 species, and the larval morphology has been described for less than 25 of our species. Most of the published natural history studies have dealt with species of the subfamilies Ephydrinae and Notiphilinae, and very little attention has been directed to the large and diverse subfamily Psilo- pinae. We initiated a study of ephydrid biology in 1968 and in- vestigated the life history of Discocerina obscurella (Fallén), a species of Psilopinae, in northeastern Ohio during the summers of 1969 and 1970. The present paper presents life cycle data and describes the immature stages. The few papers that have been published on the biology of the subfamily Psilopinae indicate that there has been a remarkable amount of adaptive radiation with respect to microhabitat distribution and larval feeding habits. Bohart and Gressitt (1951) reported that larvae of Hecamede persimilis Hendel were discovered in foul sand beneath a rotting human carcass, and that the larvae of Allotrichoma sp. can develop in pig droppings. Somewhat similar scavenging habits were recorded by Bergenstamm (1864) who found larvae of Discomyz incurva Fallén in decaying land snails, and Wirth (1971) who re- ported that Platygymnopa helicis Wirth was reared from stranded aquatic snails. Thorpe (1930) showed that larvae of the oil pool ephydrid, Helaeomyia petrolei (Coquillett) feed as scavengers on bodies of insects that have been trapped in the oil. More specialized feeding habits have been reported for Psilopa leucostoma Meigen whose larvae mine leaves of Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae) ‘Research support by NSF Grant GB-15483. * Present address = Department of Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City. 401 402 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 (Brischke, 1881) and sugar beets (Landis, et al. 1967). Leaf-mining habits have been reported also for Clanoneurum cimiciforme (Haliday) (Meijere, 1947). Perhaps the most unique feeding habit found within the Psilopinae is possessed by Trimerina madizans (Fallén), a species whose larvae feed as parasitoids within the egg cases of certain marsh- dwelling spiders (Becker, 1926). The only published reference to the larval behavior of a species of Discocerina is by Griinberg (1910) who found numerous adults of D. plumosa around wooden dams in Europe. He speculated that the larvae were living within the mats of algae and moss that covered the sodden wood. Of the 30 North American genera of Psilopinae, descriptions of larvae and/or puparia are available for only species of Helaeomyia (Crawford, 1912; Thorpe, 1930; Johannsen, 1935), Clanoneurum (Meijere, 1947), Discomyza (Bergenstamm, 1864; Bohart and Gressitt, 1951; Johannsen, 1935), Allotrichoma (Bohart and Gressitt, 1951), and Hecamede (Bohart and Gressitt, 1951). None of the develop- mental stages of any species of Discocerina has been described. Lire History Discocerina obscurella is an abundant and widespread species, being recorded from the Palearctic, Nearctic, and Neotrophical Regions (Dahl, 1959). In North America, it occurs throughout the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico (Wirth, 1965). In northeastern Ohio, we collected adults most frequently by sweep- ing over muddy and sandy shores, but encountered many specimens also in open marshy areas containing an abundance of rotting vegeta- tion. In fact, it was found in a greater variety of semi-aquatic habitats than any other species of Ephydridae (Scheiring and Foote, 1973). In Iowa, Deonier (1964) recorded adults as being particularly com- mon in the floating-vegetation, sedge-meadow, limnic-wrack, mud- shore, sand-shore, Eragrostis-mat, and spoil-bank habitats. In Scan- dinavia, Dahl (1959) found adults to be most abundant on “limnic sand high beaches” and to be frequent “in the moist meadow and other limnic shore biotopes.” We found no references to its occurrence in saline or alkaline habitats. The first seasonal record for adults in northeastern Ohio was made on May 10; the last, October 21. Adult populations remained large throughout the summer months due to the fact that this species is multivoltine and has overlapping generations. Overwintering habits were not determined. Adults were seen very commonly on muddy shores and were rarely taken at distances greater than 6 inches above the ground. They walked slowly over mud and sodden vegetation, feeding frequently by applying their labella against the substrate. Gut examinations PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 403 revealed that adults were feeding primarily on unicellular algae, particularly diatoms and various genera of Chlorophyta. Mating usually occurred on horizontal substrates, but no overt courtship be- havior was observed. Males seemingly attempted to mate with any suitably sized female, even if she was of the wrong species. Non- receptive females commonly struck at the males with their front legs, a maneuver that usually resulted in no further advances by the op- posite sex. Mating was most frequently seen during the later after- noon and evening hours. The mating position closely resembled that described for Dichaeta caudata (Fallén) (Eastin and Foote, 1971). The preoviposition period from adult emergence to first egg laying, lasted between 13 and 15 days. Eggs were not found in nature, but in the laboratory breeding jars they were placed in cracks and crevices of the peat moss that formed a substrate in the containers. Most were somewhat hidden, and very few were ever placed together in any 1 site. Oviposition by single females commonly continued for 7-10 days, with 5-14 eggs being laid daily. This would give a fecundity of between 35 and 140, al- though most females laid around 75-85 eggs before succumbing. The incubation period lasted 2-4 days, although hatching was de- layed or even prevented in eggs that were covered with a film of water. This observation leads us to suggest that eggs in nature are placed in rather dry situations, perhaps at a considerable distance from standing water. A supporting observation is that we never found larvae in the numerous moist to wet shoreline habitats that we ex- amined. We concluded tentatively that oviposition and subsequent larval development takes place in relatively dry environments. The natural food of the larva is still unknown, although we suspect that it consists largely of microorganisms. Newly hatched larvae did not survive beyond a few days when given a diet consisting solely of crushed, decaying lettuce. Neither did they develop on pure cul- tures of such algal genera as Botrydiopsis (Chrysophyta) and Chloro- coccum (Chlorophyta) or of the bacterium Escherichia coli (Migula). In contrast, very young larvae did develop rapidly when placed in a substrate consisting of peat moss; several molted into the second instar. Older larvae seemed less particular as to their diet, and many de- veloped to the pupal stage when placed in a culture of decaying lettuce or grass. Guts of nearly mature larvae feeding on such materials were usually green. The floor of the pharyngeal sclerite contains T- shaped ridges (fig. 4), structures that serve to filter out particulate matter from a semi-liquid medium (Dowding, 1967). Possibly larvae in nature ingest soil and use their filtering mechanism to separate out a variety of autotropic and heterotropic microorganisms. Judging from the abundance and wide habitat distribution of the adults, the larvae must have rather generalized feeding habits. 404 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Fig. 1-7, D. obscurella. 1, egg. 2, cephalopharyngeal skeleton of Ist instar. 3, same, 2nd instar. 4, same, 3rd instar. 5, same, dorsal view of anterior sclerites. 6, puparium, dorsal view. 7, same, lateral view. See p. 407 for abbreviations. Larvae reared on a mixture of peat moss and decaying grass or lettuce completed development in 11-24 days. The first stadium lasted 1-2; the second, 3-10; and the third, 7-12 days. A day or so before forming puparia, larvae usually abandoned wet accumulations of crushed lettuce and moved to drier sites in the peat moss that formed a substrate in the rearing dishes. Puparia were subsequently formed on or slightly buried in the moss. The prepupal period, from formation of the puparium to the actual appearance of the pupa, at room temperatures required 1-3 days for both sexes; the pupal period, 12-24 days. With a pre-oviposition period of 13-15 days, an incubation period of 2-4 days, a larval period of 11-24 days, and a prepupal-pupal period of 13-27 days, a complete life cycle can be completed in 1 to 2 months. This implies that in the latitude of northeastern Ohio 2-5 generations can be produced each year in a warm season that lasts from early May to late October. No distinct generations were noticed in nature, and breeding and oviposition probably is continuous throughout the sum- mer, DESCRIPTIONS OF IMMATURE STAGES Egg (fig. 1): Length 0.33-0.36 mm, maximum width 0.14—0.16 mm. Ellipsoidal- ovoid, ventral side flattened. White. Chorion with few longitudinal ridges, 5-7 ridges on each lateral surface, distance between ridges variable. Both ends of egg bluntly rounded; anterior end with small nipple, micropyle apparently in small depression below nipple. First Instar: Length 0.42-0.68 mm, maximum width 0.19-0.21 mm. Similar PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 405 9 0.23 7 PSD | ey | \ 1 Se 0.05 wh Oo Wy Nyy, ) Mike n ila Mt Weim, ye lly, in oN On _ LS) io jo] iw Spo ( ; iat Fig. 8-17, D. obscurella. 8-13, 3rd instar. 8, lateral habitus. 9, lateral view of anterior end. 10, dorsal view of posterior end. 11, peri-anal pad. 12, facial mask of segment 1. 13, anterior spiracle. 14, same, 2nd instar. 15, posterior spiracular plate of 3rd instar. 16, same, 2nd instar. 17, same, Ist instar. See p. 407 for abbreviations. 406 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC, WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 to third instar except in following characters. Spinules on integument more hair- like, in rows covering each segment. Facial mask on ventral surface of segment 1 with 3 rows of comblike structures in front of oral opening, with only faint indications of similar rows laterad opening; mask with 2 circular sensilla laterally; antennae at anterior edge of segment tapering and somewhat concave on dorsal side. No anterior spiracles. Segment 12 with very short and poorly pigmented spiracular tubes; posterior spiracular plates (fig. 17) poorly defined, apparently with only 1 broad spiracular opening and 3-4 groups of long, occasionally branching interspiracular processes. Peri-anal pad circular, apparenlty without spinulose structure immediately posterior to anal slit. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (fig. 2) less sclerotized and thinner; mouthhooks very closely approximated; pharyngeal sclerite with only faint indications of ridges ventrally, dorsal and ventral cornua without windows. Second Instar: Length 1.33-1.41 mm, maximum width 0.27-0.34 mm. Integu- ment transparent. Similar to third instar except in following characters. Spinule rows more irregular. Anterior spiracles (fig. 14) with papillae much smaller and less well defined. Posterior spiracular plates (fig. 16) less sclerotized, each with 3 broad spiracular openings and 3 groups of interspiracular processes, each process with fewer hairs. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (fig. 3) length 0.38-0.40 mm; mouthhooks 73 length of hypostomal sclerite, less sclerotized; bridge connecting dorsal cornua of pharyngeal sclerite more distinct in lateral view, without windows. Third Instar (fig. 8): Length 2.30-2.50 mm, maximum width 0.61-0.89 mm. Integument transparent. Segment 1 (pseudocephalic) bilobed anteriorly (fig. 12), with small ventral lobe when viewed laterally (fig. 9); antennae at apex of seg- ment, each 2-segmented distally, and with large, rounded basal segment; facial mask (fig. 12) with 8 rows of comblike structures surrounding oral opening, anteromost 2 rows short, next 2 longest, remaining rows diminishing in length posteriorly; mask also with pair of subcircular sensillae anteriorly. Segment 2-12 with short, rounded spinules covering entire integument, spinules relatively in- conspicuous. Segments 2-11 somewhat tri-annulate ventrally, distinctly less so laterally, without prolegs (fig. 8, 9). Segment 12 (fig. 8, 10) not elongated to form respiratory tube, posterior spiracular disc oblique in lateral view; segment bearing fairly distinct anal proleg ventrally. Spiracular disc (fig. 10) without marginal lobes or tubercles, bearing faint pair of sensillae below spiracles. Peri- anal pad (fig. 11) on venter of segment 12 bissected by anal slit; each lateral lobe somewhat rounded and depressed medially, with creases radiating out from depressed area; small round structure just posterior to anal slit with few dark spinules. Posterior spiracles without distinct, projecting spiracular tubes (fig. 8), sessile on posterodorsal surface of segment 12 (spiracular disc). Spiracular plates (fig. 15) heavily sclerotized; each with 3 oval to irregularly shaped, rather in- distinct spiracular openings and 4 groups of short interspiracular processes, hairs of processes mostly unbranched, spiracular scar indistinct. Anterior spiracles (fig. 13) elongate and tubular, expanded distally, and bearing 6 short papillae apically. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (fig. 4) length 0.30-0.32 mm; lightly sclerotized. Mouthhooks paired, not connected dorsally; hook part decurved, rather sharply pointed apically, without accessory teeth; basal part bilobed posteriorly, without windows. Epistomal sclerite (fig. 5) above anterior end of hypostomal sclerite broad, shallowly incised medially on anterior and posterior margins; with 2 lateral PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 407 rods that run ventroposteriorly to join bridge of hypostomal sclerite. Hypostomal sclerite (fig. 5) basically H-shaped, lateral rami connected at anterior 4% by narrow bridge. No noticeable ligulate sclerites. Pharyngeal sclerite not fused to hy- postomal sclerite (fig. 4); dorsal cornua 7 length of ventral cornua, each cornua with faint triangular windows posteriorly; ventral comua with slight elevation dorsobasally, narrowing abruptly posteriorly to form sharp apex, with large window; pharyngeal bridge connecting dorsal cornua anteriorly only slightly ex- panded, with faint window on each side of midline (fig. 5); pharyngeal ridges distinct (fig. 4). No parastomal bars. Puparium (fig. 6, 7): Length 1.80-2.00 mm, maximum width 0.60-0.70 mm. Light yellow to yellowish brown. Somewhat biconvex in dorsal view; anterior end somewhat concave on dorsal surface. Anterior spiracles sclerotized and slightly projecting on first apparent segment of puparium, with 6 short papillae apically. Body segments weakly triannulate; segments 5-11 laterally with short crease close to and nearly parallel to posterior border of each segment. Segment 12 distinctly oblique in lateral view; posterior spiracles deeply sclerotized, sessile to subsessile on dorsoposterior surface of segment; no respiratory tube. ABBREVIATIONS UsEp IN FIGURES A, antenna; AP, anal proleg; ASI, anal slit; ASp, anterior spiracle; DB, dorsal bridge; DC, dorsal cornu; ES, epistomal sclerite; HB, hypostomal bridge; HS, hypostomal sclerite; IP, interspiracular process; M, micropylar end; MH, mouth- hook; Pa, papilla; PR, pharyngeal ridge; PS, pharyngeal sclerite; PSp, posterior spiracle; PSD, posterior spiracular disc; S, sensillum; SpO, spiracular opening; SpS, spiracular scar; VC, ventral cornu; W, window. All measurements indicated by scale lines are in millimeters. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are deeply indebted to Miss Janet Fendya for executing all figures. REFERENCES Becker, T. 1926. Ephydridae (Fam.) 56, 1-115. In E. Lindner (ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region 6, pt. 1. Stuttgart. Bergenstamm, J. E. von. 1864. Uber die Metamorphose von Discomyza incurva Fall. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 14:713-6. Bohart, G. E., and J. E. Gressitt. 1951. Filth-inhabiting flies of Guam. Bull. Bishop Mus. 204:1—152. Brischke, C. O. A. 1881. Die Blattminier in Danzig’s Umgebung. Schr. Naturf. Ges. in Danzig, n. s. 5(2):223-90. Crawford, D. L. 1912. The petroleum fly in California, Psilopa petrolei Coq., Pomona College J. Entomol. 4:687-97. Dahl, R. G. 1959. Studies on Scandinavian Ephydridae (Diptera, Brachycera). Opusc. Entomol. Suppl. 25: 1-224. Deonier, R. L. 1964. Ecological observations on Iowa shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 71:496-510. Dowding, V. M. 1967. The function and ecological significance of the pharyngeal ridges occurring in the larvae of some cyclorraphous Diptera. Parasitol. 57:371-88. 408 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Eastin, W. C., and B. A. Foote. 1971. Biology and immature stages of Dichaeta caudata (Diptera: Ephydridae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 64:271-9. Grinberg, K. 1910. Diptera. In A. Brauer, Die Susswasserfauna Deutschlands. Heft 2a. Jena. Johannsen, O. A. 1935. Aquatic Diptera. Part II. Orthorrapha-Brachycera and Cyclorrapha. Mem. Cornell Univ. Agr. Sta. 177:1-62. Landis, B. J., R. L. Wallis, and R. D. Redmond. 1967. Psilopa leucostoma, a new leaf miner of sugar beets in the United States. J. Econ. Entomol. 60: 115-8. Meijere, J. C. H. de. 1947. Over eenige Dipterenlarven warrander een galmug, die mijngangen maakt, en twee Dipteren, die gallen op paddenstoelen vero- orzaken. Tijdschr. Entomol. 88:49-62. Scheiring, J. F., and B. A. Foote. 1973. Habitat distribution of the shore flies of northeastern Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 73:152-166. Thorpe, W. H. 1930. The biology of the petroleum fly (Psilopa petrolii, Coq.) Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 78:331—44. Wirth, W. W. 1965. Family Ephydridae, p. 734-59. In A. Stone, et al. A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. USDA Agr. Handb. 276. 1971. Platygymnopa, a new genus of Ephydridae reared from decaying snails in North America (Diptera). Can. Entomol. 103:266—70. CONIFER SAWFLIES, DIPRIONIDAE: KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN GENERA, CHECKLIST OF WORLD SPECIES, AND NEW SPECIES FROM MEXICO (HYMENOPTERA) Davin R. SMITH Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA* ABSTRACT—A key is given for the identification of the 6 genera of the family Diprionidae found in North America. The 11 world genera and 91 species and subspecies of the family Diprionidae are listed with the general distribution and host plant genera for each. Three new species from Mexico are described: Monoctenus sadadus, Zadiprion howdeni, and Zadiprion roteus. Notes on the occurrence of the genus Neodiprion in Mexico and Central America are given. I. Key ro NortH AMERICAN GENERA OF DIPRIONIDAE This key is provided to aid in the identification of adults of the Diprionidae encountered in North America. The use of the name Gilpinia as a genus rather than as a subgenus of Diprion is incorporated here. It is a name in wide usage throughout the world except for North America, and the genus is very distinct from Diprion, in fact, even more so than from Neodiprion. This key is partially adapted from Benson’s (1939, 1945) key to the world genera. 1. Anal cell of forewing contracted in middle forming basal and apical anal cells, no anal crossvein (fig. 1); male flagellar segments unipectinate fiMonoetemin ae || ss ee eerie ee one ot oe oe ee. 2 ee a een 9) — Anal cell of forewing not contracted, anal crossvein present (fig. 2); male with at least 10 basal flagellar segments bipectinate [Diprioninae] __ 3 bo Supraclypeal area not tuberculate; clypeus emarginate; forewing with veins M and Rs + M meeting before fusing with Sc + R __ Augomonoctenus — Supraclypeal area tuberculate; clypeus subtruncate; forewing with vein M meeting Sc + R basad to point where Rs + M meets Sc + R —— Monoctenus 3. Cenchri small, nearly two times farther apart than breadth of one; metascutellum large, at least as long as breadth of a cenchrus (fig. 3) | Diprion — Cenchri large, close together, distance between them less than the breadth of a cenchrus; metascutellum small, shorter than breadth of a cenchrus (a Geer We (SY) Jo eee 2 ok ates PO PN a coe De PL te) Ree ah en Cen teers 4 4, Anal cell of hindwing with petiole much longer than cell width; ab- dominal terga densely sculptured; mesoscutellum blunt in front (fig. 4) —— SLI gts OREO, T88 sk eRe re nl ae Wn she 37 A oN eG eB pk al Gilpinia — Anal cell of hindwing with petiole scarcely longer than cell width; ab- dominal terga usually polished, sometimes with fine microsculpture; mesoscutellummacutesin tront, (fig, 5.) 5. sO ee 5 5. Female pulvillar pad of hindbasitarsus shorter than apical breadth of Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. 409 410 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 basitarsus; hindtibial spurs normal, inner one longer than half apical breadth of tibia (fig. 6); male antenna with all but last segment biramose MEN Det ts ek es oe Bath lad Somet BESER 3a a ce kc eS Cae am Neodiprion — Female pulvillar pad of hindbasitarsus longer than apical breadth of basitarsus; hind apical tibial spurs subclavate, not longer than half apical breadth of tibia (fig. 7); male antenna with 5 apical segment uniramose _ oe Pa FAS Ee SE ee bse ON PS OR ore eR Zadiprion Il. Cuecxuist OF WoriLpD GENERA AND SPECIES This list of valid taxa with general distribution and known host plant genera of the larvae should prove a useful tool for workers on the group. No such list has ever been published. Currently, there are 11 genera and 91 valid species or subspecies recognized in the world. MONOCTENINAE Monoctenus Dahlbom M. decoratus Takeuchi. Japan. On Cryptomeria. M. fulvus (Norton). Eastern United States and Canada. On Juniperus. M. itoi Okutani. Japan. On Chamaecyparis. M. juniperi (Linnaeus). Europe. On Juniperus. M. melliceps (Cresson). Eastern United States and Canada. M. nipponicus Takeuchi. Japan. On Juniperus. M. obscuratus (Hartig). Europe. On Juniperus. M. sadadus Smith. Mexico. On Juniperus?. M. subconstrictus (Thomson). Sweden. M. suffusus (Cresson). Eastern United States and Canada. On Juniperus, Thuja. Augomonoctenus Rohwer A. libocedrii Rohwer. United States: Oregon, California. In developing cones of Libocedrus. A. pilosus Middlekauff. United States: California. Rhipidoctenus Benson R. cinderellae Benson. Morocco. DIPRIONINAE Diprion Schrank D. butovitschi Hedqvist. Sweden. D. fukudai Togashi. Japan. On Pinus, Larix. D. nipponicus Rohwer. Japan. On Pinus, Larix. D. pini (Linnaeus). Europe, north Africa. On Pinus, Picea, Abies. D. rufiventris (Zirngiebl ). Albania. D. similis (Hartig). Europe to Siberia; introduced into eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus. Prionomeion Benson P. gaullei (Konow). Algeria. Nesodiprion Rohwer N. biremis (Konow). China, Thailand. On Pinus. N. japonicus (Marlatt). Japan, Okinawa, Formosa. On Pinus. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Auli 7 Fig. 1. Anal area of forewing of Monoctenus sp. 2, anal area of forewing of Neodiprion sp. 3, mesonotum and metanotum of Diprion sp. 4, mesonotum and metanotum of Gilpinia sp. 5, mesonotum and metanotum of Neodiprion sp. 6, hindtarsus of Neodiprion sp. 7, hindtarsus of Zadiprion sp. Microdiprion Enslin M. fuscipennis (Forsius ). Northern Europe. M. hakusanus Togashi. Japan. M. pallipes (Fallén). Europe to Siberia. On Pinus, Picea. Macrodiprion Enslin M. nemoralis (Enslin). Europe to Siberia. On Pinus. Zadiprion Rohwer Z. howdeni Smith. Mexico. Z. rohweri (Middleton). Southwestern United States. On Pinus. Z. roteus Smith. Mexico. 412 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Z. townsendi (Cockerell). Southwestern United States. On Pinus. Z. vallicola (Rohwer). Mexico. On Pinus. Gilpinia Benson G. abieticola (Dalla Torre). Europe to Siberia, Japan. On Picea. G. amamiana Okutani. Okinawa. G. daisetusana Takeuchi. Japan. G. disa Smith. China. G. distincta Takeuchi. Japan. G. excisa Gussakovskii. Germany. G. fennica (Forsius). Finland, On Picea. G. frutetorum (Fabricius). Europe to Siberia; introduced into eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus, Picea. G. ghanii Smith. Pakistan. On Picea. G. hakonensis (Matsumura). Japan. G. hercyniae (Hartig). Europe to Siberia, Japan, Korea; Introduced into eastern United States and Canada. On Picea. . indica (Cameron). Pakistan, north India. On Cedrus. . koreana (Takagi). Siberia, Korea. On Larix. . laricis (Jurine). Europe. On Pinus. . marshalli (Forsius ). China, Thailand. On Pinus. nigra Okutani. Japan. On Picea (?). . pallida (Klug). Europe. On Pinus. . pindrowi Benson. Pakistan. On Pinus. . polytoma (Hartig). Europe to Siberia, Pakistan. On Picea. . sachalinensis Takeuchi. Japan. . socia (Klug). Europe. On Pinus. . tohi Takeuchi. Japan. On Picea. . verticalis Gussakovskii. Eastern Europe. On Pinus. . virens (Klug). Europe to Siberia. On Pinus. AANAAAAARAAAANA Neodiprion Rohwer N. abbotii (Leach). Eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus. N. abietis (Harris). Canada and United States, transcontinental. On Abies, Picea, Tsuga. . burkei Middleton. Western United States. On Pinus. N. compar (Leach). Eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus. N. deleoni Ross. United States: Washington. On Abies. N. demoides Ross. United States: California. On Pinus. N N N m . dubiosus Sched]. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. . edulicola Ross. Southwestern United States. On Pinus. . excitans Rohwer. Eastern United States, British Honduras, El Salvador. On Pinus. N. fulviceps (Cresson). Western Canada, United States, Mexico. On Pinus. > Fig. 8. Lancet of Monoctenus sadadus. 9, harpe and parapenis of M. sadadus. 10, penis valve of M. sadadus. 11, lancet of Zadiprion howdeni. 12, lancet of Zadiprion roteus. 13, sheath of Z. howdeni, posterior view. 14, sheath of Z. roteus, posterior view. 413 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 414 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 . gillettei (Rohwer). Western United States, Mexico. On Pinus. . hetricki Ross. Eastern United States. On Pinus. . insularis (Cresson). Cuba. . lecontei (Fitch). Eastern Canada and United States. On Pinus. . maurus Rohwer. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. merkeli Ross. Southeastern United States. On Pinus. . mundus Rohwer. Western United States. On Pinus. . nanulus contortae Ross. Western United States and Canada. On Pinus. .nanulus nanulus Schedl. Eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus. nigroscutum Middleton. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. . pinetum (Norton). Eastern Canada and United States. On Pinus. . pinusrigidae (Norton). Northeastern United States. On Pinus. pratti banksianae Rohwer. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. N. pratti paradoxicus. Ross. Southeastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. N. pratti pratti (Dyar). East central United States. On Pinus. N. rugifrons Middleton. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. N. scutellatus Rohwer. Western United States, Canada (?). On Pseudotsuga. N. sertifer (Geoffroy). Europe to Siberia, Japan, Korea; introduced into eastern United States and Canada. On Pinus. N. swainei Middleton. Eastern Canada, northeastern United States. On Pinus. N. taedae linearis Ross. Southcentral United States. On Pinus. N. taedae taedae Ross. East central United States. On Pinus. N. tsugae Middleton. Western United States and Canada. On Tsuga, Picea, Abies. N. ventralis Ross. United States: Colorado. On Pinus. N N N 2 SZ SS Sy Sen Se Se . virginianus Rohwer. Eastern United States. On Pinus. . warreni Ross. Southeastern United States. On Pinus. . werneri Ross. United States: Arizona. Ill. New Spectres FROM MEXICO The Diprionidae in Mexico are not well known even though there must be a fairly rich fauna due to the extensive coniferous forests in the country. Following are descriptions of several new species and notes on others that are found in Mexico and Central America. Monoctenus sadadus Smith, new species Female: Length, 5.8 mm. Antenna black. Head mostly red with mouthparts, clypeus, supraclypeal area, and large supra-antennal spot including ocelli with extensions to lateral side of each antenna black. Thorax black with pronotum, tegula, and mesonotum except for scutellum red. Legs black, extreme apex of front femur, inner surface of front tibia, and extreme apex of each middle and hind femur whitish. Abdomen black. Wings darkly, uniformly black infuscated; veins black. Antenna short, less than head width, with 15 to 16 segments; third segment simple, twice length of fourth segment, segments beyond third broader than long, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 415 excluding ramus of each; rami of segments 5 to 12 each longer than length of their respective segment; rami of central segments longest. Supraclypeal area tuberculate. Entire insect smooth and strongly shining, with short, scattered white pubescence. Sheath simple, in lateral view triangular in shape. Lancet as in fig. 8. Male: Length, 5.1 mm. Entirely black with only apex of front femur, most of front tibia, and extreme apices of each middle and hind femora whitish to brown. Wings darkly infuscated as in female. Antenna with segments unipectinate, rami long, those on central segments nearly equal to length of antenna. Other char- acters as for female. Genitalia as in figs. 9, 10. Holotype: Female, labeled “3 mi. W. El Salto, Dgo., Mex., 9000’, June 19, 1964, J. F. McAlpine,” “ex juniper?.” In the Canadian Na- tional Collection, Ottawa. Paratypes: MEXICO: same data as for holotype (1 ¢ ); same data as for holotype except 3 mi. E. E] Salto, 8400’, June 21, 1964, W. R. M. Mason (1 2 ) lacking host label; Orizaba, 6-98 (1 2). In the Canadian National Collection and U.S. National Museum. Discussion: The paratype from Orizaba has the antennae missing, the head with less black on the clypeus, supraclypeal, and supra- antennal areas, and has a pale lateral stripe on each side of the abdomen; otherwise it is identical to the other specimens. This is the first record of this genus from south of the United States. Several species are found in eastern North America as far south and west as Kansas and Oklahoma. This Mexican species is separated from those of eastern United States by the sharply contrasting red and black coloration and the less projecting serrulae of the lancet. The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters and is to be treated as a noun. Zadiprion Rohwer Both of the following new species are separated from the 3 species I treated in my revision (Smith, 1971) by lacking a first annulus on the lancet. They are closest to vallicola Rohwer, but vallicola has 2 or 3 large teeth on the first annulus. The following key will separate adult females of the 5 species of Zadiprion. 1. First annulus of lancet present, with two or more large teeth ss. == iiige eimnnllins or lense elogeme (ies, IL 1) 4 2. First annulus with only 2 or 3 large teeth ____.____ vallicola (Rohwer ) —=) ‘Kirsh annulusiiwithe Osionsmores teeth, 2225 ee 3 3. First annulus in shape of inverted U _......-_— rohweri (Middleton ) => UHirsteannulviss straights so ee ge townsendi (Cockerell ) 4. Head, thorax, and legs mostly reddish brown; lancet with 8 annuli (fig. DPA) rete ee SN ok Coy al» Pelee Bee ee oN a rere Oe Oe RE roteus, n. sp. — Head, thorax, and legs yellowish; lancet with 7 annuli (fig. 11) — Ce NGs as SeenON EMMA RU Mie BE seer As J 8 ee OU CniamtSD: 416 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Zadiprion howdeni Smith, new species Female: Length, 9.0 mm. Antenna yellowish brown with apical 5 to 8 seg- ments infuscated to black. Head yellowish brown with small black line on each malar space, small black spot lateral to each antennal socket, and narrow black margin around each ocellus. Thorax yellowish brown with narrow black lines on anterior margin of pronotum, anterior and posterior margins of mesepisternum, posterior margin of cervical sclerites; narrow mesal black line on mesoprescutum widening to a black spot at posterior, sutures of mesoscutellum black, and posttergite black. Legs yellowish brown, only extreme base of each coxa black. Ground color of abdomen yellowish brown to whitish with terga 2 to 4 entirely black and anterior margin of remaining terga and all sterna black, the black margin decreasing in width toward apex of abdomen. Wings uniformly yellowish infuscated; veins orange-brown. Antenna long, about 1% times head width; with 24 segments; third segment twice length of fourth segment; segments beyond third, excluding ramus, each slightly broader than long; ramus of each segment shorter than length of its respective segment. Head and thorax rugulose to punctate, the sculpture heavier on mesopleuron and mesoscutellum than elsewhere; moderately shining. Dense, short, yellowish pubescence covering head and thorax. Dorsum of abdomen dull, with fine surface sculpture. Scopa of sheath short and thick, not protruding, with oval scopal pads (fig. 13). Lancet short, triangular, with 7 annuli; first annulus absent; second and third annuli converging toward dorsum; third to seventh annuli parallel; serrula of second annulus broad and truncate; serrulae of third to sixth annuli broad and concave at their apices; serrulae of second and third annuli separated by low, straight margin (fig. 11). Male: Unknown. Holotype: Female, labeled “5 mi. W. San Cristobal L. C., Chis., Mex., V-10-1969, H. F. Howden.” This locality is in the state of Chiapas. In the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Paratype: One female, same data as for holotype. Deposited with holotype. Discussion: This species is separated by the lack of the first annulus of the lancet, the lancet having only 7 annuli, and the mostly yellowish head, thorax and legs. The species is named for the collector, H. F. Howden. Zadiprion roteus Smith, new species Female: Length, 10.2 mm. Antenna reddish brown, apical 5 to 7 segments infuscated to black. Ground color of head reddish brown; labrum, clypeus, supraclypeal area, para-antennal fields and outer orbits to top of eye yellow. Ground color of thorax reddish brown; paraptera, round spot on mesepisternum, line on each lateral margin of mesoprescutum, and brown transverse band on mesoscutellum yellow; area surrounding yellow spot on mesepisternum, posterior third of mesoprescutum, lateral margin of each lateral lobe, sutures separating mesoscutellum, and post-tergum black. Legs entirely reddish brown. Ground color of abdomen yellow to white; most of terga 2 to 4 black, remaining terga and all sterna with narrow black band on posterior margins; apical segment reddish brown. Wings uniformly yellowish infuscated; veins reddish brown. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 A417 Antenna about 14% times head width, 24 segmented; third segment 1% times length of fourth segment, segments beyond third, excluding ramus, each broader than long; ramus of each segment shorter than length of respective segment. Head and thorax rugulose to punctate, sculpture heavier on mesepisternum and mesoscutellum; moderately shining. Dense short, whitish pubescence covering head and thorax. Scopa of sheath short, thick, not protruding, scopal pads oval (fig. 14). Lancet short, triangular, with 8 annuli; first annulus absent; second and third annuli converging toward dorsum; third to eighth annuli subparallel; serrula of second annulus broad and truncate; remaining serrulae truncate at their apices; serrulae of second and third annuli separated by low rounded margin (fig, 12). Male: Unknown. Holotype: Female, labeled “Jacala, Hdlg., Mex., VIII-20-1960, H. Howden, at light.” In the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Paratype: Female with same data as for holotype. Deposited with holotype. Discussion: The reddish brown coloration of this species resembles vallicola, but vallicola has several large teeth on the first annulus whereas this species lacks the first annulus. The reddish brown colora- tion of the head, thorax, and legs, and the presence of 8 annuli on the lancet will separate this species from howdeni. The species name is an arbitrary combination of letters and is to be treated as a noun. Neodiprion Rohwer I have seen adults of several species of Neodiprion from Mexico and Central America, but, unfortunately, very few specimens. All the specimens I have seen from Mexico belong in the Sertifer Group as defined by Ross (1955), the group most predominant in the western United States. Another species from E] Salvador and British Hon- duras, however, belongs in the Lecontei Group, a group most pre- dominant in the eastern United States. Neodiprion fulviceps (Cresson). I have seen specimens from Vera- cruz, Hidalgo, and Chiapas which must be referred to this complex at present. Neodiprion gillettei (Rohwer). A series reared from pines in the State of Michoacan is identical to this species which is known to feed on pines in the southwestern United States. Neodiprion excitans Rohwer. This species, found in eastern North America west to Texas, is also found on pines in British Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua (?). The Nicaragua record is based on larvae and therefore is not certain. Other than N. insularis (Cresson ) which is found in Cuba, excitans is the only species of the Lecontei Group I have seen from south of the United States. 418 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 REFERENCES Benson, R. B. 1939. On the genera of the Diprionidae (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Bull. Entomol. Res. 30:339-342. 1945. Further note on the classification of the Diprionidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bull. Entomol. Res. 36:163-164. Ross, H. H. 1955. The taxonomy and evolution of the sawfly genus Neodiprion. Forest Science. 1:196—209. Smith, D. R. 1971. The genus Zadiprion Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 73:187—197. THE CORRECT NAME FOR A COMMON NORTH AMERICAN TRYPOXYLON WASP (HYMENOPTERA, SPHECIDAE) Richards (1934, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 82:244) listed Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure, 1867, as a possible senior synonym of T. spinosum Cameron, 1889. Recently I borrowed Saussure’s unique male type of lactitarse through the courtesy of Dr. C. Besuchet, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, and dis- covered that it is conspecific with the common eastern North American wasp currently known as Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) striatum Provancher, 1888. Be- cause Saussure’s name is older, the species must now be known as lactitarse. The holotype of lactitarse came from Orizaba, Mexico. The species ranges from eastern North America to southern South America. Externally the type of lactitarse agrees in clypeal and thoracic details with males of striatum collected in the United States. The genitalia of the type were compared with those of males of striatum and there was basic agreement. How- ever, the apex of the volsella, the form of the aedeagal head, and the degree of development of the angulation of the gonostyle near the middle of the inner margin vary independently from specimen to specimen. Richards (p. 247) also suggested that T. luteitarse Saussure, 1867, was a senior synonym of striatum (as cinereum). Apparently Saussure (1867, Reise der Osterreich. Fregatte Novara, Hymenoptera, p. 82) described luteitarse from one female. Dr. Besuchet says that nine possible types are under this name in Saussure’s collection. Six of these, all labeled Cordova, were lent for study. One female is apparently clavatum Say. Two other females and three males are lactitarse. None appear to be type material because they do not agree with the propodeal figure given by Saussure (fig. 47b). This figure and Saussure’s description of luteitarse suggest the species Richards, p. 224, called fuscipenne Fabricius or a relative. Perhaps one of the three specimens not lent by Dr. Besuchet will prove to agree with the original description. A. S. MEeNKE, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Ser., USDA, c/o U.S. National, Washington, D.C. 20560. NOTES ON THE GENUS POMERANTZIA BAKER, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A SECOND SPECIES FROM CALIFORNIA (ACARINA: POMERANTZIIDAE) Doucias W. PRICE Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 ABSTRACT—Notes are provided on leg chaetotaxy and other diagnostic fea- tures of Pomerantzia charlesi Baker, the type of the genus. This information, based on paratype specimens, supplements the original description. The larval and nymphal stages of Pomerantzia prolata Price are described, and additional notes on the adult female are included. Pomerantzia benhami, n. sp., from agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley, California, is described and illustrated. A key to the 3 known species in the genus and family is provided. The family Pomerantziidae was established by Baker (1949) to receive an unusual mite, Pomerantzia charlesi Baker, from peach orchard soil in Upson County, Georgia. A second species, P. prolata, was described by Price (1971) from a ponderosa pine forest soil in Nevada County, California. This paper contributes additional infor- mation on P. charlesi and P. prolata, and describes a third species from agricultural soils in Fresno County, California. A key to known species is provided. Pomerantziid mites have been collected by the writer from several localities in California. The majority of these, 89 of 122 specimens, have been immature, and as yet no adult males have been found. Immature specimens from grassland soils at Briones and Tilden Regional Parks, Contra Costa County, and from pine forest soil near Alturas, Modoc County, apparently represent undescribed species. Adult specimens are being sought from these localities. It appears that all members of the Pomerantziidae have a larval and 3 nymphal stages which possess respectively 0, 1, 2 and 3 pairs of genital discs. The adult also has 3 pairs of genital discs, but can be distinguished from the tritonymph by the presence of a seta-bearing, sleevelike ovipositor located internally in the genital region (fig. 2 and 11). All immature stages resemble the adult in having a single propodosomal plate and 5 hysterosomal plates. The dorsal chaetotaxy and the presence of 3 pairs of anal setae remains constant in all stages. The larval stage lacks genital and paragenital setae, as well as the chambered peritremes found in the nymphs and adult. The larva has a pair of urstigmata between coxae I and II (fig. 17). Three paratype specimens of P. charlesi Baker from the U.S. National Museum of Natural History were lent to the writer by Dr. E. W. 419 42.0 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 | Olmm__J Fig. 1. Pomerantzia charlesi. Adult female, ventral aspect. Baker of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA. These in- cluded 2 adult females and 1 tritonymph. Because the specimens examined, and presumably the holotype also, are in poor condition, a redescription of salient features appeared to be needed. The trito- nymph resembles the adult in having 3 pairs of genital suckers and a defined genital region (fig. 7). It bears, however, only 3 pairs of genital setae and 3 pairs of paragenital setae. The adult female bears 5 and 4 pairs of setae respectively (fig. 1), as well as a conspicuous Ovipositor. The chaetotaxy of the legs of P. charlesi is not given by Baker (1949) and is presented here as found on the paratype specimens. The following convention is used to designate the chaetotaxy of the leg podomeres. The first number is the total number of tactile setae only; the second number, in parentheses, is the count of all chemo- sensory setae, that is, all solenidia and sensory pegs (“cone-like spines” of Baker, 1949). If there are no chemosensory setae, the second num- ber is omitted. The numbers of tactile and chemosensory setae on legs I through IV respectively of adult P. charlesi are: tarsi, 16(8)- 13(2)-11-11; tibiae, 12(3)-5(1)-5(1)-8(1); genua, 12(1)-5-5-5; telo- femora, 5-5-4-5; basifemora, 5-4-3-3; trochanters, 1-1-2-1; coxae, 4(1)- 4-3-4. Legs I through IV are illustrated in figures 3, 4, 5 and 6. The tritonymph of P. charlesi differs in leg chaetotaxy from the adult female in having only 6 solenidia plus the sensory peg on tarsi I, and in having one fewer tactile seta on genua I, tibiae IV, and coxae IV (fig. 8 and 9). Idiosomal chaetotaxy, except for the genital region, is the same in the tritonymph as in the adult. Although not described by Baker (1949), the chelicerae each bear a short distal seta on the PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 421 Fig. 2-9. Pomerantzia charlesi. 2, ovipositor. 3, leg I, adult. 4, leg I, adult. 5, leg II, adult. 6, leg IV, adult. 7, tritonymph, ventral aspect. 8, leg I, tritonymph. 9, leg II, tritonymph. dorsal surface. Setae occur in this position in all known members of the family. The 2 adult specimens of P. charlesi appear to have 4 or 5 chambers in the peritreme. A significant difference between P. charlesi and P. prolata is the presence in the former of a pair of ventral plates immediately anterior 4929, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC, WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 mm Fig. 10-15. Pomerantzia prolata, 10, coxa and trochanter I, ventral. 11, ovi- positor. 12, leg I, adult. 13, leg I, tritonymph. 14, legs III-IV and opisthosoma, protonymph. 15, leg II, adult. to the coxal shields of legs HI and IV (fig. 1 and 7). These plates each bear a single seta. Although absent in P. prolata, these plates are present in the species described below from Fresno County (fig. 19). A second difference is the presence of a small sensory peg on PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 423 Ne) a ) Fig. 16-17. Pomerantzia prolata. 16, larva, dorsal aspect. 17, larva, ventral aspect. the outer, ventral margin of coxae I in P. prolata (fig. 10) which is absent both in P. charlesi and the species from Fresno County. This sensory peg occurs in addition to the dorsal solenidion of this podo- mere, and was overlooked in the original description of P. prolata. The larval and 3 nymphal stages of P. prolata have been collected from the type locality near Grass Valley, California. The larva (fig. 16 and 17) measures about 269 microns from anus to cheliceral tips. This stage lacks a chambered peritreme. With some variation, the protonymph and deutonymph have 3 chambers in the peritreme; the 424 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 * 2 Fig. 18-23. Pomerantzia benhami. 18, adult female, dorsal aspect. 19, adult, pica aspect. 20, leg I, adult. 21, leg IH, adult. 22, leg III, adult. 23, leg IV, adult. tritonymph, 4 or 5 chambers; and the adult, 7 or 8 chambers. The larva has a single pair of ventral setae near the mouth; all other stages have 2 pairs in this region. The protonymph bears 1 pair of genital and no paragenital setae (fig. 14); the deutonymph, 1 pair genital and 2 pair paragenitals; and the tritonymph, 2 pairs genital and 3 pairs paragenital setae. Using the convention described, the numbers of tactile and chemosensory setae on the terminal 3 podomeres of the legs of the immature and adult stages of P. prolata are given in Table 1. As shown, the tritonymph and adult have the same number of tactile setae on the legs except for tibia IV which has 2 additional setae in the adult. The distribution of the solenidia on tarsus I of the adult (fig. 12) is different from that on the tritonymph (fig. 13). The PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 425 solenidion lying distal to the sensory peg in the tritonymph takes a more proximal position in the adult. Pomerantzia benhami Price, new species fig. 18-23 Female: Small, elongate, weakly-sclerotized mite closely resembling P. charlesi Baker. Number and arrangement of dorsal plates and dorsal chaetotaxy as in other known members of the family. Propodosomal plate with 3 pairs of mar- ginal setae and a distinct median reticulated area. Hysterosoma with 5 dorsal plates. Dorosolateral hysterosomal setae located posterior to setae on plate I, as in P. charlesi. Median setae on hysterosomal plate V distinctly anterior to lateral setae of this plate. With 5 pairs of genital and 4 pairs paragenital setae. Anus terminal, with 3 pairs of setae. With a pair of large ventral plates anterior to coxae III; each with 1 seta near midventral line, as in P. charlesi. With 3 or 4 chambers in the peritreme. Numbers of tactile setae (first figure) and chemosensory setae (figures in parentheses, only if present) on the podomeres of legs I through IV respectively are: tarsi, 19(8)-14(2)-11-11; tibiae, 12(3)-5(1)-5(1)-9(1); genua, 12(1)-5-5-5; telofemora, 5-5-4-5; basifemora, 5-4-3-3; trochanters, 1-1-2-1; coxae, 4(1)-4-3-4. Body measurements in microns of the holotype female are: anus to tip of cheliceral digits, 458; leg I (from coxotrochanteral joint to claw tips), 242; leg II, 156; leg III, 173; leg IV, 211; and tarsus I (to claw tips), 50. Tritonymph: With 3 pairs genital discs, 3 pairs genital setae and 3 pairs paragenital setae. Leg chaetotaxy as in adult female except for 1 less solenidion on tarsus I, 2 less tactile setae on tibia IV, and 1 less seta on genu I. Body measurements from anus to cheliceral digits (n = 2), 440 microns. Table 1. Numbers of tactile setae (first figure of pair) and chemosensory setae (second figure, in parentheses) on the tarsi, tibiae, and genua of immature and adult stages of Pomerantzia prolata Price. Leg I Leg II Stage Tar Tib Gen Tar Tib Gen Larva 16(2) 8(2) 5(1) 12(2) 5(1) 5 Protonymph 17(5) 9(2) 7(1) 13(3) 5(1) 5 Deutonymph 17(5) 10(2) 8(1) 13(3) 5(1) 5 Tritonymph 19(6) 12(3) 10(1) 13(3) 5(1) 5 Adult 19(6) 12(3) 10(1) 13(3) 5(1) 5 Leg III Leg IV Stage Tar Tib Gen Tar Tib Gen Larva Lil 5(1) 5 = = = Protonymph ia 5(1) 5 8 2 0 Deutonymph iB 5(1) 5 11 7(1) 5 Tritonymph 11 5(1) 5 11 a) 6 Adult ie 5(1) 5 11 9@) 6 426 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 The male is unknown. Pomerantzia benhami is very similar to P. charlesi, but is notably larger in size. The body length from anus to tip of chelicerae of the holotype specimen of P. charlesi is 340 microns (Baker, 1949). The 2 paratype specimens of this species which I examined were 356 and 350 microns, giving a mean length for the 3 of 349 microns. The holotype of P. benhami measures 458 microns. Three additional adult specimens collected 7 miles south of Five Points, Fresno County, averaged 469 microns in total length. Other differences between the 2 species are slight. Pomerantzia benhami bears 3 more tactile setae on tarsus I (fig. 3 and 20), 1 more seta on tarsus II fig. 4 and 21), and 1 more seta on tibia IV (fig. 6 and 23) than does P. charlesi. The tritonymph of P. benhami has 14 tactile setae on tarsus II, whereas P. charlesi has 13. The posterior marginal pores on hysterosomal shield III of P. charlesi are absent on P. benhami. The central reticula- tions on the propodosomal shield of P. benhami (fig. 18) are not evident on the specimens of P. charlesi examined. A key to the adult females of the 3 known species of Pomerantzia follows: 1. With a pair of discrete, seta-bearing, ventral plates anterior to coxae III, dorsolateral setae in a line posterior to setae of hysterosomal plate I, tarsus II without a sensory peg, coxae I without a ventral sensory peg, with? “pairs ‘genital. ‘setae? 32" Sel Se | a eee 2 — Without ventral plates, dorsolateral setae in a line anterior to setae of hysterosomal plate I, tarsus II with a sensory peg, coxae I with a ventral Sensory peg; with. 3 pairs, genital «seta. prolata Price 2. Length from anus to cheliceral tips about 350 microns, with postero- lateral pores on hysterosomal plate III, with 16 tactile setae on tarsus I, ld onweentiawl. and "Ouonl Lilia) Vie sess ee eee ee ee charlesi Baker — Length from anus to cheliceral tips about 450 microns, without pores on hysterosomal plate III, with 19 tactile setae on tarsus I, 12 on genua I, andy Qromntiloias IVs = ee es ee ee ee ea benhami n. sp. The type locality of P. benhami is the San Joaquin Valley Agricul- tural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, Fresno County, Cali- fornia. Two adult females, 2 tritonymphs, 6 deutonymphs, and 4 protonymphs have been collected. In addition, 3 adult females, 1 tritonymph, and 1 larva have been collected from agricultural fields in western Fresno County near Five Points. The species is named for Mr. Gerald S. Benham, Jr. of the Division of Entomology and Parasitol- ogy, University of California, Berkeley, for efforts in obtaining speci- mens of this uncommon mite species. The holotype female is deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 427 REFERENCES Baker, E. W. 1949. Pomerantziidae, a new family of prostigmatic mites. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 39(8) :269-271. Price, D. W. 1971. A new species of Pomerantzia Baker from California (Acarina: Pomerantziidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 73(4):394-398. PRIMARY RECORDS OF TWO VERTEBRATE ECTOPARASITES IN NEW ENGLAND (ACARINA: ARGASIDAE AND DIPTERA: MILICHITDAE) On 3 August 1973, 28 big brown bats [Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois ) ] were captured in the attic of a building at a summer camp in Hebron, Con- necticut, as part of an arbovirus surveillance program. Four larval Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) kelleyi Cooley and Kohls (Acarina: Argasidae) were observed on one of the bats—two ticks on the back of the neck, one on the front of the neck, and one on an ear. No ticks were found on the remaining 27 bats. Two of the ticks were triturated in 0.75% bovine albumin in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.2 and inoculated intracerebrally into suckling mice for virus isola- tion attempts; no virus was detected. Two specimens were retained in the collec- tion of the first author. The distribution of O. kelleyi was summarized by Kohls, Sonenshine, and Clifford (1965, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58(3): 331-364). Records for north- eastern United States include New York and Pennsylvania (Bequaert, 1946, Entomol. Americana. 25: 73-120) and Maryland (Sonenshine and Anastos, 1960, J. Parasitol. 46(4): 449-454). This report extends the range of O. kelleyi into southern New England. In late June 1970, two male and one female Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch (Diptera: Milichiidae) were collected from a nestling osprey [Pandion haliaetus (L.)] in South Dartmouth, Massachusetts, by Mr. Gilbert Fernandez. This bird was reported to be heavily infested with the flies as were the two nest mates. Specimens were identified by Dr. Curtis Sabrosky of the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory and one male was deposited in the U.S. National Museum. The remaining two specimens were retained in the collection of the first author. The distribution of C. hemapterus was recently reviewed by Capelle and Whitworth (1973, J. Med. Entomol. 10(5): 525-526). They cite only two records from eastern United States—Florida and New York—by Bequaert (1942, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 37: 140-149) and one from eastern Canada—New Brunswick—by Sabrosky (in Stone et al., A Catalog of the Diptera of North America North of Mexico, USDA Agr. Res. Serv. 1969 pp). The present records extend the range into southern New England. In addition, this is the first report of C. hemapterus from ospreys or osprey nests (see Hicks, 1959, Checklist and Bibliography of the Occurrence of Insects in Birds’ Nests, lowa State College Press, 681 pp. plus supplements) in spite of the extensive overlap in the ranges of the two species in both the nearctic and palearctic regions. AnpREW J. Main, Jr. and Roperr C. Wauuis, Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, Yale University, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510. THE HORSE FLIES OF ARIZONA. III. NOTES ON AND KEYS TO THE ADULT TABANIDAE OF ARIZONA, SUBFAMILY TABANINAE, EXCEPT TABANUS (DIPTERA) Joun F. BurcER Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20012 ABSTRACT—Keys and descriptions are provided for the adult Tabaninae, except Tabanus, in Arizona, with notes on distribution and adult activity. Arizona species of Stenotabanus, Bolbodimyia and Leucotabanus in the Diachlorini and Atylotus and Hybomitra in the Tabanini are discussed. Hybomitra opaca is reported from Arizona for the first time. Genus Stenotabanus Ad. Lutz Stenotabanus Ad. Lutz, Brazil. Med. 27:487, 1913. Two species of this predominantly Neotropical genus, St. flavidus (Hine) and St. guttatulus (Townsend), occur in Arizona. These can be separated from other Arizona Tabanidae by the combination of rather slender body, basal plate of flagellum with low dorsal angle and no excision, bare basicosta and stump vein arising from abruptly angled Ry vein. St. flavidus is sometimes abundant enough to be a pest in forested areas of the Huachuca and Santa Rita Mountains. St. guttatulus has been collected only once in Arizona, although it is more widely distributed in the United States than St. flavidus. Key to Stenotabanus species in Arizona (males and females) 1. Abdomen dorsally grayish to yellowish-gray pollinose; terga 2-6 with transverse row of 4 brown spots; distinct ocellar tubercle absent —_ FE MOUM - Wet TRE BOE OE A RE AS OT hed guttatulus (Townsend ) — Abdomen dorsally yellowish brown, with row of mid-dorsal pale tri- angles; distinct ocellar tubercle present — flavidus (Hine) Stenotabanus flavidus (Hine) Tabanus flavidus Hine, Ohio Nat. 5:236, 1904. Female: Length, 12-14 mm. Yellowish brown; frons narrow below, distinctly widened above; ocellar tubercle with rudimentary ocelli present; basal callosity slightly taller than wide; median callosity slender, elongate; scape and pedicel of antenna yellowish brown, basal portion of flagellum orange-brown, dorsal angle low, excision absent, annuli black; eyes very sparsely pilose, in life, green, with 3 purple diagonal bands; 2nd palpal segment creamy, moderately stout basally, blunt apically, clothed with white and some black hairs; thorax grayish brown dorsally, with distinct darker longitudinal stripes; wings hyaline, stump vein present on vein Ri; abdomen yellowish brown dorsally; median pollinose triangle 428 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 429 present on terga 2-5, broadest and most distinct on tergum 2, progressively nar- rower and more obscure on succeeding terga. Male: Eyes with areas of large and small facets well differentiated; postocular fringe of hairs adjacent to ocellar tubercle very long, black; basal plate of flagellum slender, slightly longer than annulate portion; 2nd palpal segment pale yellowish, slender, elongate, white pilose; dorsum of thorax and scutellum rather densely clothed with erect, pale hairs; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: St. flavidus is abundant during July and August in the Santa Rita (Santa Cruz County) and Huachuca (Cochise County ) Mountains, but is found nowhere else in Arizona. Although specimens may be collected throughout both the above ranges, they are most abundant locally in certain canyons. When abundant, St. flavidus is a serious pest of man and wildlife. The bite is painful; females seem to prefer attacking the upper torso of man, but wildlife and livestock in the mountains are probably preferred hosts. I have never seen a specimen of St. flavidus from the Chiricahua Mountains, despite its abundance in the Huachuca Mountains. I have speculated elsewhere (Burger, 1974) on the possible reason for its present distribution. A record of St. flavidus from Tucson is probably erroneous; I have col- lected this species only in woodlands, usually at or above 5000 ft. Adults are active from June through August. Stenotabanus guttatulus (Townsend ) Diachlorus guttatulus Townsend, Kans. Acad. Sci. Trans. Ann. Mtgs. 13:134, 1893. Female: Length, 11-12 mm. Slender, grayish species; frons rather broad; basal callosity subquadrate, touching eyes laterally; median callosity slender, elongate, narrowly joined to or isolated from basal callosity; vertex with large, denuded black area, sometimes extending entirely across vertex; eyes in life green with 3 purple bands; scape and pedicel of antenna yellowish brown, basal plate of flagellum pale yellowish brown to brown, shorter than annulate portion, excision absent, annuli light brown to black; 2nd palpal segment creamy, very stout basally, strongly attenuated apically, clothed with white and some black hairs; thorax grayish dorsally, with broad, dark brown longitudinal lines and white vestiture; wings glass clear, stump vein present on vein Rx; abdomen grayish dorsally; terga 2-4 with brown bands basally, that of tergum 2 emarginate medianly, remainder grayish, terga 2-5 with transverse row of 4 brown, rounded spots. Male: Eyes with area of large facets light brown, area of small facets black; postocular fringe of hairs adjacent to vertex very long, white; 2nd palpal segment very stout basally, strongly tapered to a point apically, entirely white pilose; thorax and scutellum dorsally densely clothed with erect, white hairs; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: St. guttatulus, previously recorded from Mexico, Cali- fornia, Utah and New Mexico (Philip, 1965), was not recorded from Arizona until collected by both C. B. Philip and L. L. Pechuman near 430 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Patagonia in 1969. Pechuman (personal communication) stated he captured a specimen flying around his head much like the attack of a deer fly (Chrysops). Since it has been found in most states sur- rounding Arizona, more specimens eventually should be taken in Arizona. Most specimens collected in Arizona were in canopy traps baited with dry ice in June. Genus Bolbodimyia Bigot Bolbodimyia Bigot, Wien. Entomol. Ztg. 11:162, 1892. The only species of this striking Neotropical genus occurring in Arizona, B. atrata (Hine), cannot be mistaken for any other tabanid. The inflated, shining subcallus, ventrally enlarged antennal scape, black body and dark wings immediately separate it from other species. In the United States, it is found only in central Arizona where relatively large, permanent streams occur. Bolbodimyia atrata is also found in Mexico. Habits of the adults in Arizona are unknown and adults are collected infrequently. Bolbodimyia atrata (Hine ) Snowiellus atratus Hine, Ohio Nat. 5:230, 1904. Female: Length, 13-15.5 mm. Black; frons black, narrowed above; basal callosity large, subquadrate, shining black and inflated; median callosity large, narrowly joined to basal callosity; subcallus strongly inflated, bulbous, shining black; eyes in life black with reddish purple reflections above, light green with bluish-black patches below; scape of antenna much enlarged ventrally, rounded, shining black, pedicel not noticeably enlarged, blackish, basal plate of flagellum orange-brown, elongate, annulate portion dark brown; thorax and abdomen black; wings smoky brown, darker on anterior half, apex hyaline. Male: Length, 13.5 mm. Eyes in life pinkish, with bluish-black border above, dark green with bluish-black patches below; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: Bolbodimyia atrata was considered very uncommon and was previously known in Arizona only from Oak Creek Canyon, north of Sedona. During a study of the immature stages of Arizona Tabanidae, I collected larvae and pupae of B. atrata from several streams in central Arizona; the larvae occur in submerged aquatic moss around rapids and waterfalls in large streams. Presumably, adults may be found throughout central Arizona where large, per- manent streams and the aquatic moss occur (usually in the mountains above 5000 ft.). The species may be crepuscular or nocturnal, thus explaining the few past collections of adults. Bolbodimyia atrata also is known from Sinaloa, (near Matzatlan), Jalisco and Durango, Mexico. It is not known from any area between Sinaloa and central Arizona (about 1000 miles). For further discussion of its distribution, see Burger (1974). PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 431 Genus Leucotabanus Ad, Lutz Leucotabanus Ad. Lutz, Brazil. Med. 27:487, 1913. There are 15 described species of Leucotabanus, 13 of them occurring in Central and South America, and 2 Nearctic species, L. annulatus (Say) in the eastern and southern United States, and L. ambiguus Stone in Arizona. The presence of ocelli, the ridgelike median callosity and black and white banded abdominal pattern will immediately separate this genus from other Tabaninae in Arizona. Leucotabanus has been placed previously in the Tabanini (Philip, Mackerras) and the Diachlorini (Fairchild). Philip (1965) places Leucotabanus in the Tabanini, based on the setulose basicosta, the primary character used in the past to separate this tribe from the Diachlorini, lacking setulae on the basicosta. Mackerras (1954, 1971) also utilizes this character but states that while it seems to be valid for most regions, it breaks down in Neotropical genera. Fairchild (1969, 1971) places Leucotabanus in the Diachlorini. While most Nearctic diachlorines have a bare basicosta, that of Microtabanus pygmaeus (Williston) is sparsely setulose. Three species of Anacimas, A. dodgei (Whitney), A. geropogon Philip and A. limbel- latus Enderlein, have setulose basicostae, and Stenotabanus pallipes Kréber from Brazil has 3-6 setulae on the basicosta. The value of the basicosta for separation of the 2 tribes is therefore equivocal for Neo- tropical genera. In contrast to the tabanine-like adult features, Teskey (1969) noted that the larva of Leucotabanus annulatus has several features in common with known diachlorine species, particularly the short, truncate respiratory siphon, fully striated integument and lack of pseudopodial spinules. English, Mackerras and Dyce (1957) suggested a possible relationship between an Australian diachlorine, Chalybo- soma casuarinae English and Leucotabanus, based on larval and pupal similarities. I have found that the immature stages of L. ambiguus support the suggestions of Teskey and English et al., having more in common with known Diachlorini than Tabanini. While one could argue that the diachlorine-like features seen in immatures of Leuco- tabanus are adaptive for specialized habitats they occupy, I think the evidence at present is more convincing for placing Leucotabanus in the Diachlorini, despite the setulose basicosta. Leucotabanus is unique among Tabaninae in Arizona in having distinct ocelli present, although specimens of Stenotabanus flavidus have opaque spots on the ocellar tubercle that may be remnants of ocelli. Philip (1957) states that these ocelli are probably non-functional and represent a resurgence rather than a vestige from primitive an- cestors. However, since the reappearance of non-functional ocelli 432 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 seems of dubious advantage for the fly, they most likely represent a vestige from ocellate ancestors. Leucotabanus ambiguus Stone Leucotabanus ambiguus Stone, U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 305:26, 1938. Female: Length, 15-16 mm. Reddish brown, with conspicuous black and white vestiture; ocelli present; frons very narrow, blackish; basal callosity black, very narrow, only about half the width of frons; median callosity a narrow, black ridge arising from top of basal callosity; eyes in life unpatterned; antennae black; palpi reddish brown, 2nd segment clothed with white hairs basally, black hairs apically; thorax clothed with black and white hairs dorsally, posterior 4 with white hairs, 2 submedian lines extending almost to anterior edge of scutum; scutellum clothed with white hairs; basal % of tibiae white, otherwise legs black; wings glass clear; abdomen reddish brown, clothed with black and white hairs; all terga with black hair, except posterior half of tergum 2 and all of tergum 4 with white hairs. Male: Length, 16-18 mm. Thorax grayish brown dorsally, clothed with white and some black hairs; abdomen dark brownish; tergum 2 white, clothed with white hairs, terga 3 and 4 white and clothed with white hairs for about % and % their lengths respectively, remainder dark brown and clothed with black hairs; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: Leucotabanus ambiguus adults have been collected in southeastern Arizona as far north as the Santa Catalina Mountains in Pima County. Adults often are collected near streams where riparian tree species such as sycamore, willow and cottonwoods grow, the larvae being found in rot cavities of these living trees inhabited by a large, dampwood termite, Zootermopsis laticeps Banks. Adults have been collected from April to September but most records are from June and July. Genus Atylotus Osten Sacken Tabanus, subg. Atylotus Osten Sacken, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Mem. 2:426, 1876. Atylotus incisuralis (Macquart) occurs in the high mountains of eastern Arizona. It can be separated from other tabanids in Arizona by its rather small size (12 mm), the small, narrow basal and median callosities, the single diagonal dark band on the eye, usually retained in dried specimens, and rather densely pilose eyes. Tabanus dietrichi Pechuman, an unusual Tabanus species, also has a single, diagonal eye band but is much larger and stouter and has sparsely pilose eyes. Atylotus incisuralis (Macquart ) Tabanus incisuralis Macquart, Soc. Roy. des. Sci., de Agr. et des Arts, Lille, Mem. 1846:37, 1847. Female: Length, 12 mm. Brownish to yellowish brown. Frons rather broad, not narrowed above; basal callosity very small, black, about % the width of PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 433 frons; median callosity oval, usually detached from basal callosity but occasionally joined; scape and pedicel of antenna yellowish to yellowish gray, basal plate of flagellum dark brown to reddish brown, short, dorsal angle low, annulate portion short, concolorous with basal plate; 2nd palpal segment very stout basally, blunt apically, grayish, clothed with black hairs; eyes moderately pilose, light green with a single diagonal dark stripe originating at inner angle of eye near basal callosity, color often retained in preserved specimens; thorax dark brown dorsally, clothed with pale yellowish hairs; femora and tibiae yellowish orange; wings hyaline, short stump vein from vein Rs usually present; abdomen dark brown dorsally, with some yellowish suffusion laterally on terga 1 and 2, yellowish hairs sometimes forming prominent incisures on terga 2-5, but may be obscured or inapparent. Male: Eyes densely pilose; thorax dark brown dorsally, clothed with mixed long whitish and black hairs; wings with stump vein present or absent; abdomen dark brown dorsally, with extensive yellowish suffusion laterally on terga 1-3; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: There is a bewildering range of color variation in A. incisuralis, making it difficult to determine limits of variation. Possibly more than 1 species has been lumped under A. incisuralis, but a thorough examination of the immature stages will be necessary to determine species limits. Specimens from Arizona are much darker brown than those from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, the latter being more grayish. A pallid variety, Atylotus incisuralis var. utahensis Rowe & Knowlton, may be a distinct species. The utahensis form has not been recorded from Arizona but may eventually be found there. Atylotus incisuralis in Arizona has been collected only in the White Mountains, but may also occur in the alpine meadows of the San Francisco Mountains north of Flagstaff. Adults are active in June and July. Genus Hybomitra Enderlein Hybomitra Enderlein, Berlin Zool. Mus. Mitt. 10:347, 1922. Eight species of Hybomitra are presently known from Arizona; 7 of them occur only north of the Mogollon Rim. Only Hybomitra laticornis (Hine) occurs in southern Arizona, but I have questioned previously whether it is actually a Hybomitra species (Burger, 1974). Hybomitra species are similar to Tabanus except that an ocellar tubercle is present, eyes are moderately to densely pilose and a stump vein is present or absent. Species such as H. sonomensis var. phaenops (Osten Sacken) and H. tetrica var. rubrilata (Philip) become abundant enough to be pests of cattle and wildlife in forests north of the Mogollon Rim. Key to Hybomitra species in Arizona Leese SSS GAVE ste ee a la nO Sa a SS a, Pe 2 Niall gee ee ce renee SCRE PN 3 ow Det ee ee Oe 9 2. Subcallus denuded, shining black __....-_______- rhombica (Osten Sacken) 434 10. 15. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Subeallus) mostly,or completely pollinosem == aes =e ae 3 Basal plate of flagellum entirely yellowish (occasionally yellowish brown), annulate portion black; ocellar tubercle very small, evenescent or absent __ & ene n ete! | eG gs We ears ot Ren ne een 90 Tene lee laticornis (Hine) Basal plate of flagellum not entirely yellowish; annulate portion variably colored; prominent ocellar tubercle present 4 Abdomen above broadly reddish orange or orange sublaterally 5 Abdomen above yellowish brown or otherwise colored sublaterally —__ Tf Basal plate of flagellum mostly orange, dorsal angle very well-developed, dorsal surface deeply excavated (large species, 18 mm or greater) ____ ea Rise yt oot aie SMa Bl. Lippi > ale 1S Bek Sel Sah ies fe affinis (Kirby) Basal plate of flagellum at most orange only to dorsal angle, dorsal excavation shallow (medium-sized species, 16 mm or less) —.. 6 Eyes rather sparsely short pilose; abdomen dorsally with both black and yellowish hairs sublaterally overlaying orange integument, the latter hairs forming a distinct oblique dash; stump vein usually present Spee aN s Avie, set beet en eRe rN ORT sonomensis var. phaenops (Osten Sacken ) Eyes densely pilose; abdomen with yellowish hairs only laterally over orange integument; stump vein absent — fulvilateralis (Macquart ) Abdomen black dorsally, with conspicuous flesh-colored sublateral dashes, lacking extensive yellowish-brown coloration laterally aatos Philip Abdomen above yellowish brown sublaterally 8 Frons strongly widened above; lower half of basal callosity touching eyes laterally-"stumpp. veimeabsent 2200. 2s ee opaca (Coquillett ) Frons moderately widened above; basal callosity not touching eyes laterally; stumpaveinn present .22 == 682) a ee tetrica var. rubrilata (Philip) Abdomen black dorsally, with large flesh-colored sublateral dashes over- laying faint yellowish-brown suffusion — aatos Philip Abdomen: otherwisesmarked <2 eee eee 10 Abdomen black dorsally, with yellowish-gray pollinose sublateral dashes on terga 2 and 3, and yellowish-brown suffusion laterally I ee Se a Rid Rea ee Oe EE oe rhombica (Osten Sacken) Abdomen broadly yellowish brown dorsally, brown, orange or reddish orange‘sublaterally as. 2o oe OS ee a ee i ee ia Basal plate of flagellum yellowish (occasionally yellowish brown), annu- late apontiony blacks. Acts 2 he ane eee ee et UR ee laticornis (Hine) Basal plate of flagellum not wholly yellowish or yellowish brown __- 12 Abdomen above broadly reddish orange or orange sublaterally 13 Abdomen above brown or yellowish brown sublaterally 15 Basal plate of flagellum mostly orange except at apex and on dorsal Ei ¥o4 (24 Boece aoe aie hae e628 RN FRE AIA. RT Oe OU hls rere ere VE affinis (Kirby ) Basal plate of flagellum at most orange to dorsal angle, or wholly black _ 14 Black and pale appressed hairs on notum forming alternating longitudinal lines; costal cell brownish; anterior wing veins strongly margined with brown:)) stump vein “absent =e) fulvilateralis (Macquart ) Black and pale appressed hairs not noticeably patterned as above; costal cell yellowish; anterior wing veins not strongly margined with brown; stump vein present or absent _ sonomensis var. phaenops (Osten Sacken) Thorax with grayish pollinose longitudinal lines dorsally; scutellum with PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 435 abundant grayish hairs posteriorly; abdomen black dorsally, yellowish brown laterally; stump vein present — tetrica var. rubrilata (Philip) — Thorax with yellowish gray pollinose longitudinal lines dorsally; scutellum lacking grayish hairs posteriorly; abdomen black dorsally, brown laterally; Stumppvcinkabsentye Fig. 1-3, Hybomitra fulvilateralis (9). 1, Head. 2, Antenna. 3, Palpus. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 vertex rl ocellar tubercle oe uF | es non median callosity = - basal callosity = subcallus 437 438 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 ocellar tubercle ee N gena palpus -7~ * frontoclypeus Fig. 4-5, Hybomitra fulvilateralis (8). 4, Head. 5, Palpus. terga 1-4 and clothed with yellowish hairs; pale median triangles superimposed on submedian bivittate black spots on terga 2-5. Male: Eyes very densely pilose, areas of large and small facets not differentiated (fig. 4); 2nd palpal segment yellow to orange-brown, clothed with black and pale hairs (fig. 5); costal cell and wing veins suffused with light brownish color; submedian black areas on abdominal terga variable, from small, isolated, rounded spots to extensive subquadrate black patches; pale, median triangles sometimes obsolete, orange sublateral markings with mixed black and yellow hairs. Comments: Hybomitra fulvilateralis is common in the White Moun- tains of eastern Arizona at elevations above 8000 ft. I have collected adults and larvae in and around small ponds and wet cienegas in Apache and Greenlee Counties. There is a record of 1 female from “Grand Canyon” in Coconino County. Hybomitra fulvilateralis may be present in the San Francisco Mountains. Adults are active from mid-June to early July. Mature larvae collected in the field in 1970 pupated near the end of May and emerged from early to mid-June. Hybomitra laticornis (Hine ) Tabanus laticornis Hine, Ohio Nat. 5:239, 1904. Female: Length, 13.5-15 mm. Blackish, with orange and black abdominal pattern; frons grayish pollinose, with brownish tinges laterally at level of median callosity, widened above; ocellar tubercle evanescent, rarely visible as a distinct tubercle, often scarcely differentiated from surrounding integument, either en- tirely pollinose or partially denuded; basal callosity black, subquadrate, not touching eyes laterally, with upper corners extending toward median callosity, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 439 narrowly joined to narrow median callosity; subcallus grayish pollinose, with fine, pale hairs laterally; scape, pedicel and basal plate of antenna yellowish orange or light reddish, annulate portion black, basal plate short, stout, dorsal angle rounded or obtuse, excision very shallow or absent; 2nd palpal segment creamy, with white and some black hairs, stout basally, gradually tapered apically; eyes densely pilose, in life light green with 3 brown bands, the upper band in- complete; thorax black dorsally, grayish pollinose, with light gray longitudinal lines, clothed with black erect and pale yellowish appressed hairs; wings hyaline, costal cell yellowish; abdomen orange-brown and black dorsally, tergum 1 orange sublaterally, terga 2-5 with pale median yellowish-gray pollinose spots laterad of black dashes and orange-brown laterally; pale and black hairs on abdomen corresponding to light and dark areas respectively. Male: Eyes with areas of large and small facets well-differentiated, very densely pilose, in life light green with 2 brown bands; thorax and_ scutellum dorsally densely clothed with erect grayish to pale yellowish hairs; abdomen with light yellowish brown spots laterally, contrasting with lighter pollinose sublateral markings, becoming blackish on posterior terga; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: The above description is based on specimens from central and east-central Arizona, where color patterns of H. laticornis specimens are relatively uniform. Specimens from mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona are generally much darker on all parts of the body and exhibit much variation in color from range to range. Some specimens from the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson, for example, differ from those to the north in having the basal plate of the flagellum yellowish brown, thorax blackish dorsally, lacking the grayish pollinosity and longitudinal stripes, appressed thoracic hairs deep yellowish, and black submedian dashes on abdomen much broader. One male reared from a spring in the Santa Catalina Moun- tains has yellowish brown to orange-brown markings laterally on the abdominal terga and the pale median triangles are evanescent on terga 3-5. Despite variation, the densely hairy eyes, lack of large, distinct ocellar tubercle and short, stout yellowish to yellowish brown or reddish basal plate and contrasting black annulate portion will serve to identify this species. I have questioned previously (Burger, 1974) whether laticornis should be placed in Hybomitra. Morphologically, the immature stages are quite distinct from the known immature stages of Hybomitra species, or any other tabanine. Larvae of H. laticornis were found in a habitat quite different from those known for other Hybomitra species. In adults, only the densely pilose eyes are definitive of Hybomitra as presently known, but this condition also occurs in some Tabanus species in Arizona, particularly in the gilanus group. Tabanus oldroydi Philip, for example, has densely hairy eyes. In contrast, the lack of a well-defined ocellar tubercle (rarely visible as a distinct tubercle) in the female and the well-differentiated areas of large and small eye facets 440 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 in the male of H. laticornis are characteristic more of Tabanus than Hybomitra species in Arizona. Placing laticornis back in Tabanus, however, would not solve the problem of the unique immature stages, so I prefer to leave it in Hybomitra until its correct systematic position can be determined. Hybomitra laticornis has been collected in Arizona from the Huachuca Mountains (Cochise County) north to Fort Valley, near Flagstaff (Coconino County) and east to New Mexico, but not from the Chiricahua Mountains, although there are records of it from Chihuahua, Mexico. It is most abundant in southern Arizona from 6000 to 9000 ft., and less so from 5000 to 6000 ft. In central Arizona, it is abundant in forested areas adjacent to and north of the Mogollon Rim. Clark and Hibler (1973a) found H. laticornis to be the most im- portant vector of Elaeophora schneideri in the Gila National Forest of New Mexico, based on number of flies infected, 481 of 2988 (16.1% ) in 1970-71. It may also be an important vector of the parasite in Arizona, but this has not been investigated. Adults of H. laticornis are present from mid-June to mid-July in Arizona. Hybomitra opaca (Coquillett ) Tabanus opacus Coquillett, in Baker, C. F. Invertebrata Pacifica 1:21, 1904. Female: Length, 14 mm. Grayish black with yellowish-brown color laterally on abdomen; frons dark grayish, tinged with yellow, conspicuously widened above; ocellar tubercle prominent, denuded, shining black laterally and an- teriorly; basal callosity shining black, noticeably convex, rounded above and separated from irregular, concolorous median callosity; subcallus yellowish-gray pollinose, except denuded above adjacent to basal callosity; antennae orange to extreme base of flagellum, remainder black, dorsal angle of basal plate moderately tall, excision shallow; 2nd palpal segment very pale yellowish, clothed with mixed pale and black hairs; eyes rather sparsely short pilose, in life light green with 3 purple bands, brownish near vertex and below; thorax black dorsally, with yel- lowish-gray pollinose longitudinal lines, clothed with black erect and_ black and yellowish appressed hairs, the latter on dark and light areas respectively; wings hyaline, costal cell light brownish; abdomen yellowish brown and_ black dorsally, with median pale triangles and oblique, sublateral pale dashes on terga 2-6, terga 2—4 with submedian, rounded black spots laterad of median triangles, terga 1-4 mostly yellowish brown, terga 5-6 mostly blackish except for median and sublateral pale markings. Male: Eyes densely pilose, with areas of large and small facets not noticeably differentiated, in life green with 3 purple bands, brownish below; 2nd_palpal segment yellowish brown; thorax densely clothed with erect, black hairs above; abdomen yellowish brown to brown sublaterally; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: Hybomitra opaca has been found only in the White Mountains in Arizona, above 8000 ft. and appears to be restricted to PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 44] that area. Most specimens were collected near Greer (Apache County ), but I have seen 1 specimen from South Fork Camp. Hybomitra opaca females from Arizona tend to have much more extensive yellowish- brown color sublaterally on abdominal terga 2-5, with concomittant reduction of submedian black areas, than specimens from Montana, Wyoming and Utah. In Arizona, adults have been collected from late June to early July. This is the first published record of this species from Arizona. Hybomitra rhombica (Osten Sacken) Tabanus rhombicus Osten Sacken, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Mem. 2:472, 1876. Female: Length, 14-15 mm. Black, with grayish abdominal triangles; frons gray pollinose, slightly widened above; basal callosity rather broad, shining black, touching eyes laterally, subquadrate, narrowly joined to or sometimes isolated from spindle-shaped median callosity; subcallus denuded, shining black; scape and pedicel of antenna yellowish orange to blackish, flagellum reddish orange to dorsal angle, black beyond, dorsal angle narrow, rounded above, excision very shallow, basal plate narrow; eyes moderately pilose, in life blue-green with 3 purple bands; ocellar tubercle prominent; 2nd palpal segment yellowish, rather stout basally, attenuated apically, clothed with pale yellowish and a few black hairs; thorax blackish dorsally, with conspicuous grayish or yellowish-gray longitudinal lines, clothed with black erect and yellowish to white appressed hairs; wings hyaline, costal cell light brownish; abdomen dull black dorsally, with median and sublateral grayish or yellowish-gray triangles on terga 2-6. Male: Eyes densely pilose, areas of large and small facets not noticeably differentiated; frontal triangle grayish pollinose; scape and_ pedicel blackish, gray pollinose, scape with dense long, black hairs dorsally; thorax dorsally with longitudinal grayish lines indistinct, densely clothed with erect black hairs; abdo- men with yellowish-brown suffusion sublaterally of variable extent; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Hybomitra sonomensis var. phaenops (Osten Sacken ) Tabanus phaenops Osten Sacken, U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of the Ter., Bul. Sei Sine Female: Length, 14-16 mm. Blackish, orange sublaterally on abdomen; frons yellowish-gray pollinose, widened above; ocellar tubercle prominent, pollinose or partially denuded; basal callosity black, subquadrate, not touching eyes laterally below, separated from narrow, spindle-shaped, concolorous median callosity; sub- callus yellowish-gray pollinose; antennae orange to dorsal angle of flagellum, black beyond, dorsal angle blunt, excision shallow; eyes moderately short pilose, in life light green with 3 purple bands; 2nd palpal segment light yellowish brown, clothed with yellowish and a few black hairs; thorax blackish dorsally, grayish longitudinal lines absent, clothed with short, black erect and black and golden appressed hairs; wings subhyaline, costal cell light brown, veins very lightly out- lined with pale brownish suffusion, stump vein from vein Ry usually present, but occasionally absent; abdomen broadly orange dorsally, with black markings con- fined to narrow, submedian spots on terga 2—4, a broader spot on tergum 5, 449 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 tergum 6 entirely black, abdomen clothed with black and light golden hairs dorsally, the latter forming median triangles and sublateral spots on terga 2-5. Male: Eyes densely pilose, areas of large and small facets moderately dif- ferentiated; thorax dorsally with dense, erect black hairs; stump vein on Ry present or absent; otherwise similar to female except for usual sexual differences. Comments: Hybomitra sonomensis var. phaenops is the darker in- land form of H. sonomensis, a coastal form. Pechuman (personal com- munication) considers the inland form to be possibly specifically distinct from H. sonomensis of coastal California north to southern Alaska. The phaenops variety is very abundant locally in Arizona north of the Mogollon Rim, especially in forested areas of the White Mountains and near Flagstaff, and is a serious pest of livestock in such areas. It is particularly abundant near favorable breeding sites such as shallow lakes choked with emergent vegetation. Adults are active from late June to mid-August, with most records in late June and early July. Clark and Hibler (1973a) found 1 of 8 specimens (12.5%) of H. sonomensis var. phaenops infected with larvae of Elaeophora schneideri, thereby making it a potential, though perhaps not very efficient, vector of this parasite in Arizona. Hybomitra tetrica var. rubrilata (Philip) Tabanus tetricus var. rubrilatus Philip, Pan-Pac. Entomol. 13:64, 1937. Female: Length, 15-17 mm. Grayish black, with yellowish suffusion sub- laterally on abdomen; frons dark grayish pollinose, moderately widened above; ocellar tubercle prominent, partially to completely denuded; basal callosity dark brown to black, subquadrate, not quite touching eyes laterally, convex, with a central concavity, separated from spindle-shaped median callosity; subcallus yellowish-gray pollinose, except denuded just beneath basal callosity; antennae, including base of flagellum, orange to black, remainder black, scape and pedicel grayish pollinose; eyes rather densely short pilose, in life bluish green with 3 purple bands; 2nd palpal segment light orange-brown, white pilose, with a few scattered black hairs, stout basally, abruptly tapered to a sharp point apically; thorax blackish dorsally, with gray pollinose longitudinal lines, clothed with black erect and black and pale yellowish appressed hairs; wings hyaline, stump vein present on vein Ru; abdomen yellowish brown and black dorsally, pale median triangles and sublateral spots present on terga 2—5, triangles and spots progres- sively reduced on posterior segments, terga 2—4 yellowish brown sublaterally, this color extending to posterior 4% of tergum 1, contrasting black spots present medianly on terga 2—4, terga 5—7 mostly blackish. Male: Eyes densely pilose, areas of large and small facets poorly differentiated; thorax dorsally clothed with mixture of erect pale and black hairs, grayish longitudinal lines indistinct; wing veins very faintly margined with brown tint; abdominal terga 2-4 broadly black medianly, pale median triangles and sub- lateral spots obscured or evanescent. Comments: Hybomitra tetrica var. rubrilata is a common species in Arizona in forested areas north of the Mogollon Rim. It also occurs PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 443 rarely just below the Rim in coniferous forest. Adults are active from mid-June to the end of July, being most abundant from late June to mid-July. Clark and Hibler (1973a) found 27 of 445 rubrilata (6.1% ) infected with Elaeophora schneideri in New Mexico; it is therefore a potential vector of this parasite in Arizona. Although not as efficient a vector as some other species, the above authors stated that the abun- dance of the host fly made it a potentially important intermediate host for E. schneideri. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Drs. C. B. Philip, California Academy of Sciences, G. B. Fair- child, University of Florida, Gainesville, and L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University for their many helpful suggestions and loans of specimens during the course of this work. REFERENCES Burger, J. F. 1974. The horse flies of Arizona. I. Introduction and zoogeography (Diptera: Tabanidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 76:99-118. Clark, G. C. and C. P. Hibler. 1973. Horse flies and Elaeophora schneideri in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico. J. Wildlife Dis. 9:21—25. English, K. M. I., I. M. Mackerras and A. L. Dyce. 1957. Notes on the mor- phology and biology of a new species of Chalybosoma (Diptera: Tabanidae). Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales. 82:289-296. Fairchild, G. B. 1969. Notes on Neotropical Tabanidae XII. Classification and distribution, with keys to genera and sub-genera. Arquivos Zool. 17: 199-255. 1971. A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. 28. Family Tabanidae. Museu Zool., Univ. Sao Paulo, 163 pp. Mackerras, I. M. 1954. The classification and distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera). I. General review. Austral. J. Zool. 2:431—454. 1971. The Tabanidae (Diptera) of Australia V. Subfamily Tabaninae, tribe Tabanini. Austral. J. Zool. Suppl. 4, 54 pp. Philip, C. B. 1957. A new era in ideas of systematic relationships of world Tabanidae (Diptera) inaugurated by Mackerras and its impact on nomencla- ture of horse flies of the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 50: 550-555. 1965. Family Tabanidae. In Stone, A. et al. A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agr., A.R.S., Washington, DIGS A696) pp. Teskey, H. J. 1969. Larvae and pupae of some eastern North American Tabanidae (Diptera). Mem. Entomol. Soc. Canada No. 63, 147 pp. PSEUDOTYDEINAE, A NEW SUBFAMILY OF TYDEIDAE (ACARINA) E. W. Baker Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 M. D. DELFINADO New York State Museum and Science Service, Albany, New York 12224 ABSTRACT—A new genus and species, Pseudotydeus perplexus, forming the new subfamily Pseudotydeinae of the family Tydeidae, is described from speci- mens collected from old lawn clippings, Columbus, Ohio. The family Tydeidae at present consists of 17 genera for the world (Baker, 1965, 1968), and as studies of small terrestrial mites continue it is believed that many more will be discovered. These are small to very small mites, the adults ranging in size from 150 to 500 microns, with a weakly or non-sclerotized body. Palpus four-segmented, simple, usually with a setal formula of 0-2-2-5 plus 1 solenidion; tarsi with rayed empodia when present; tarsi I-II with simple solenidia; tibia I with a simple solenidion; coxal and other leg segments with variable setal counts; genital and anal areas usually separate, the anus may be ventral, dorsal or postero-ventral; peritreme lacking but with tracheae arising from the cheliceral bases; body and leg setae spinate-pilose or simple; dorsum of body with 3 pairs of setae and 1 pair of sensory setae on propodosoma, 5 pairs of dorsal and 5 pairs of lateral hy- sterosomal setae; venter of body always with 3 pairs of ventral setae; genital and anal setae variable in number. Subfamily Pseudotydeinae, new subfamily Type-genus, Pseudotydeus, Baker and Delfinado, new genus. Genus Pseudotydeus, Baker and Delfinado, new genus. Type-species, Pseudotydeus perplexus, new genus and new species. This new genus is somewhat atypical of the Tydeidae. It differs from other genera in that the genital and anal areas are coalesced, invaginated and protruding posteriorly, and that the empodium of tarsus I is clawlike and rayed. Other empodia padlike, rayed; coxal setal formula: 2-1-3-2; dorsal body setae spinate-pilose setal arrange- ment transverse with hysterosomal setae Ly» in lateral position; propo- > Fig. 1-3, Pseudotydeus perplexus. 1, dorsum of female. 2, sketch of seta and solenidion of tarsus I. 3, sketch of distal segment of palpus. 444 445 WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 446 \ \ SS ASA N \ NY \ eee ; NEKES SSS ANONS WAS ue SONS Z f VSS = PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 447 dosomal setae P,; displaced, in transverse line with P»; ventral body setae displaced because of the position of genital and anal complex. Pseudotydeus perplexus, Baker and Delfinado, new species fig. 1-6 Female: Palpus four-segmented, with setal formula: 0-1-1-5/6 (the setae on the distal segment are difficult to see); cheliceral bases fused, movable chelae short and strong; rostrum short and broad, posterior pair of spinate-pilose setae longish, anterior pair very short. Dorsum of propodosoma with fine transverse striae anterior to setae and more or less longitudinal striae on posterior and median areas, and with reticulate pattern posteriorly above suture. Propodosomal setal arrangement as figured; setae short, stout and spinate-pilose; P, displaced, in transverse line with Ps; sensory setae long, hairlike, pilose, each seta situated directly posterior to Pz; Ps in normal lateral position. Hysterosoma with 5 pairs of dorsal and 5 pairs of lateral setae similar to those on propodosoma; setal arrange- ment normal, as figured; L: in normal lateral position, closer to Dz: and Ds; Di and Dz far apart; D;; and Lss close to one another; striae transverse on dorso- median section of hysterosoma. Venter of body with 3 pairs of ventral setae and 9 pairs of genital, paragenital and anal setae; all ventral setae similar to dorsal setae but shorter. Leg setal formula as follows; numbers represent coxa, trochanter, femur, genu, tibia and tarsus; numbers in parentheses refer to solenidia. I, 2-1-6-4-4 (ey 2192 (eye TL, al=4242976" (221). “le 32 1-3=2-2°7.. IV, 2-0-2-1-2-7,. All leg setae strongly spinate-pilose. Genital and anal areas as figured, protruding posteriorly to form tubular structure similar to egg guide. Ventral striae of propodosoma longitudinal; striae longitudinal in medial area of coxae HI-IV and transverse on genital section; with 4 sets of small paired pores as figured. Sejugal suture between propodosoma and hysterosoma distinct; 2 transverse sutures on dorsum of hysterosoma may be due to slide mounting technique. Length of body including rostrum and genital area 210 microns; width 116 microns. Male: Unknown. Holotype: Female, U.S. National Museum No, 3581; from old lawn clippings, University Wood Lot, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, June 19, 1962, collected by E. W. Baker. Paratypes: 2 females with same data as holotype, one at the New York State Museum and Science Service, Albany, New York, and the other in the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. REFERENCES Baker, E. W. 1965. A review of the genera of the family Tydeidae (Acarina). Advan. Acarology 2:95-133. 1968. Two new genera of Tydeidae (Acarina). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61:968—-970. < Fig. 4-6, Pseudotydeus perplexus. 4, venter of female. 5, venter of anterior portion of rostrum. 6, genital and anal region. TRYPARGILUM POLITUM (SAY) AS A HOST FOR TRICHRYSIS TRIDENS (LEPELETIER) (HYMENOPTERA: SPHECIDAE; CHRYSIDIDAE) MicHAEL D. JOHNSON Department of Zoology, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana 46135 ABSTRACT—Trichrysis tridens (Lepeletier) is shown to be a cleptoparasite of Trypargilum politum (Say) in Maryland. Trichrysis tridens (Lepeletier) is a common chrysidid in the eastern United States. There is however, some confusion as to the hosts of this wasp. It is reported to be a cleptoparasite of various spider-storing wasps such as Chalybion and Sceliphron (Krombein, 1967). However, Bohart (pers. comm.) reports that the species of Trichrysis are ap- parently only parasitic on species of Trypargilum. This paper is a report on the use of Trypargilum politum (Say) as a host by T. tridens. During the summer of 1972 observations were made at several nest- ing sites of T. politum on the Eastern Shore Peninsula of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia. Two were chosen for closer examination be- cause they contained a large number of nests. One of the sites was a small two-wheeled car-trailer that was located in the Great Cypress Swamp, about 15 miles down the Pocomoke River from Pocomoke City, Maryland (Worcester County). The trailer is in a dry upland area of the swamp that is dominated by loblolly pine. The other site is an abandoned brick shed on an abandoned farm about % mile from the swamp. It is surrounded by cultivated fields. On several occasions, T. tridens were collected as they flew near the T. politum nests and they were observed landing near the entrances of individual nests being provisioned. Several times, the chrysidids were seen entering the nests and they remained inside for 5 to 35 seconds. I was unable to observe the reaction of the male T. politum guarding the nest to the entering chrysidid. An attempt was made to capture any wasps leaving the nests. In January 1973 these two sites were visited and nests that were accessible were broken open (most of these were in the shed). Several of the cells in separate nests contained a small, dark brown cocoon approximately 5 mm by 13 mm and covered with a dense, dark brown fibrous material. They were placed in individual rearing vials and kept in a household refrigerator until the end of February 1973 (about 5 weeks). They were then removed and kept at room temperature near a window. On April 24, 1973 two female T. tridens emerged from two of these cocoons. Four others were infested with an eulophid, Melittobia sp. and one contained a dead pupa. Although other species 448 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 449 of Trypargilum used the T. politum nests, the chrysidids only para- sitized T. politum. Some of the T. politum nests contained cocoons of Trypargilum clavatum (Say). All of these were found inside the empty T. politum cocoons which remain in the cells after the adults have emerged. The female T. clavatum apparently enters the exit holes in the walls of the T. politum mud test and constructs its nest in the empty T. politum cocoon. The inside of the larger cocoon was lined with mud and the end was sealed with mud, enclosing the T. clavatum cocoon inside. No chrysidids were reared from these cocoons. The T. tridens cocoons were only found in the cell proper and never inside an abandoned T. politum cocoon. Trypargilum tridens has been reared from T. politum in Illinois (Bohart, pers. comm.) and based on the information reported here, it uses T. politum as a host in Maryland as well. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank Dr. R. M. Bohart, Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis for aiding in the identification of the chrysidids and for in- formation about them. REFERENCES Krombein, K. V. 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests and associates. 570 pp., 29 pls. Smithsonian Press. Washington, D.C. RELOCATION OF PLECOPTERA TYPE SPECIMENS RicHarp W. BAUMANN Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560 ARDEN R. GAUFIN Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 ABSTRACT—Holotypes of 15 Plecoptera species are transferred from the Uni- versity of Utah to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. The Plecoptera type specimens that have been located in the collec- tion at the University of Utah have been donated to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution for inclusion in the National Collection. This transaction took place October 26, 1973. The transfer was made so that these valuable type specimens could be better cared for and also be more readily available to interested scientists. The fact that the Smithsonian Institution is fast becoming a center for Plecoptera research was also a major consideration. The transfer included 15 holotypes and also allotypes and paratypes of the following species: Capnia uintahi Gaufin, 1964. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72932), allotype 2 and paratypes. Capnia imbera Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72933), allo- type 2 and paratypes. Capnia logana Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72934), allo- type 2 and paratypes. Capnia poda Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72935), allo- type 2 and paratypes. Capnia lemoniana Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype 6 (USNM # 72936), allotype 2 and paratypes. Capnia trava Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72937), allotype 2 and paratypes. Capnia tahoensis Nebeker and Gaufin, 1965. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72938), allotype 2 and paratypes. Capnia nedia Nebeker and Gaufin, 1966a. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72939). Paraleuctra jewetti Nebeker and Gaufin, 1966b. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72940) and paratypes. Paraleuctra rickeri Nebeker and Gaufin, 1966b. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72941) and paratypes. Capnia milami Nebeker and Gaufin, 1967. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72942). Capnia petila Jewett; Nebeker and Gaufin, 1967. Allotype @. Capnia sextuberculata Jewett; Nebeker and Gaufin, 1967. Allotype @. 450 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 451 Capnia nana wasatchae Nebeker and Gaufin, 1967. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 72943), allotype @. Capnia arizonensis Baumann and Gaufin, 1969. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 71729), allotype @ and paratypes. Capnia frisoni Baumann and Gaufin, 1970. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 71730), allo- type 2 and paratypes. Capnia lapwae Baumann and Gaufin, 1970. Holotype ¢ (USNM # 71731), allotype 9 and paratypes. REFERENCES Baumann, R. W. and A. R. Gaufin. 1969. A new species of Capnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from Arizona. Entomol. News. 80:75-78. 1970. The Capnia Projecta Complex of Western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 96—435—468. Gaufin, A. R. 1964. A new species of Capnia from Utah (Plecoptera). Was- mann Jour. Biol. 22:307—309. Nebeker, A. V. and A. R. Gaufin. 1965. The Capnia Columbiana Complex of North America (Capniidae: Plecoptera). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 91: 467-487. 1966a. New _ stoneflies from Idaho (Plecoptera). Entomol. News 77:36—43. 1966b. New Paraleuctra from the Rocky Mountains (Plecoptera: Leuctridae). Entomol. News 77:255-259. 1967. New Capnia from the Rocky Mountains (Plecoptera, Capniidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 93:235-247. A REDESCRIPTION OF BECKER’S PHRONIA FROM THE CANARY ISLANDS (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE) RAYMOND J. GAGNE Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA‘ ABSTRACT—Phronia abbreviata and P. biarcuata, described by Becker from the Canary Islands, are redescribed, and lectotypes are designated. Phronia johannae Steenberg is considered a junior synonym of P. biarcuata in spite of slight genital differences. While revising the Nearctic Phronia, I found that most species in the genus are actually Holarctic in distribution. Consequently, I have had to see as many species described from the Palearctic region as possible. In so doing, I had occasion to study types of the two species described by Becker (as Telmaphilus) from the Canary Islands. Those species were described solely on the basis of color characters and wing proportions, none of which is of much diagnostic value, and their identity could not be determined without seeing the genitalia. Neither species has been found in the Nearctic area, but one occurs in Europe if a broad definition of the species is taken. The genitalia of both Becker species are described here, and lectotypes are desig- nated. I am grateful to Dr. H. Schumann of the Zoological Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin for the loan of the Becker types. Phronia abbreviata (Becker), 1908:67 (Telmaphilus) The wings are darkened apically, the mesanepisternum bears 2 setae along the dorsocaudal edge, and the hind tibia lacks a ventral row of setae. The genitalia are illustrated in figures 1-3. P. abbreviata is unique among Phronia for the setae-covered caudoventral lobe of the basimere. The lateral portion of the telomere is uniformly covered with setae laterally and apically; in lateral view it tapers slightly from base to apex. The genitalia are so distinct from other Phronia that positive relationships with any other species in the genus are not apparent. Since its original description, abbreviata has been recorded again from the Canary Islands (Santos 1920) and from Madeira (Frey 1949). The specimen whose genitalia I have illustrated is here designated the lectotype and is deposited in the Zoological Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin. It bears the following information: “Tenerife, Laguna, 17-I-1903, 49610.” Phronia abbreviata was based on several *Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. 452 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 453 Sitstarsorae Fig. 1-3, Phronia abbreviata. 1, basimere and left telomere (ventral view). 2, left telomere (dorsal). 3, tergum IX, cerci, and aedeagus (dorsal). Fig. 4, Phronia biarcuata, right telomere (lateral). males and females from Tenerife and Grand Canary, but I have seen only the lectotype. Phronia biarcuata (Becker), 1908:67 (Telmaphilus ) The wings are darkened apically, the mesanepisternum bears 2 setae along the dorsocaudal edge, and the hind tibia lacks the ventral row of setae. Except in the shape of the lateral portion of the telomere, the male genitalia are exactly as in the common European P. johannae Steenberg. The telomere of biarcuata (fig. 4) is shorter than that of johannae and lacks the row of strong, uniformly long setae along the caudal edge of the lateral portion. This is, I have found, the most intraspecifically variable portion of Phronia genitalia: in a Nearctic species, P. nebulosa (Johannsen), the telomere shows differences that apparently correspond to a division of the species range during Pleistocene glaciation. Because affinities between the two forms are so obvious, giving them even subspecific names adds nothing to our knowledge of Phronia. Thus I concur with Edwards (1925) that johannae (as praecox) should be considered only a geographic form of biarcuata. The specimen whose telomere is illustrated below is here designated 454 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 the lectotype and is deposited in the Zoological Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin. It bears the following information: “Laguna, 51506-VI.” Phronia biarcuata was based on several males and females from Laguna on Tenerife, but I have seen only the lectotype. REFERENCES Becker, T. 1908. Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 4: 1-80, 4 pls. Frey, R. 1949. Die Dipterenfauna der Insel Madeira. Finska Vetensk. Soc., Comm. Biol. 8( 16) :1—47. Santos Abreu, E. 1920. Monografia de los fungivoridos de las Islas Canarias. Mem. Acad. Cienc. Artes Barc. 16(1):1—152, 2 pls. CLIVINA TEXANA LECONTE, A SYNONYM OF C. PLANICOLLIS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: SCARITINI) Through the courtesy of J. C. White, Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, I was able to examine type specimens of Clivina texana LeConte and C. planicollis LeConte and to confirm the suspected synonymy. Lectotypes are designated herein, since LeConte did not explicitly state that his descriptions were based on single individuals. Clivina planicollis LeConte. Clivina planicollis LeConte (1857, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8:75-83). Lectotype male, here designated, labelled “(orange disc),” “6103” (on green paper), “Type 5471” (on red paper), and “D. planicollis Lec.” (in LeConte’s script). Type-locality “South Carolina.” Clivina texana LeConte (1863, Smiths. Misc. Collections 6( 167 ):1—86). Lecto- type male, here designated, labelled “(red disc),” “Type 5470” (on red paper), “D. texana Lec.” (in LeConte’s script), and CLIVINA PLANICOLLIS Leconte det. T. Hlavac 1966.” Type-locality “Texas,” here restricted to Bentsen State Park, Mission, Hidalgo County, Texas. New synonymy. Clivina planicollis is distinguished from other Nearctic members of the fossor group by having antennal article II plurisetose rather than unisetose. In addition to the 2 lectotype specimens, I examined 9 specimens in the National Museum of Natural History from Arkansas, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Texas. Donatp R. WurreHeAp, Organization for Tropical Studies, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. STUDIES ON THE GENUS APHODIUS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE): II. A NEW SPECIES FROM GEORGIA Ropert D. GORDON Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA* ABSTRACT—A new species of Aphodius from Georgia, A. fordi, is described and the probable rodent host discussed. The Aphodius fauna of the eastern United States is comparatively well known, and presumably few undescribed species remain in the region. It is surprising that a species as distinctive as the one described herein from Jekyll Island, Georgia, should not have been discovered previously. The specimens were collected at light but it is unlikely that this species is normally attracted to light. Aphodius fordi almost certainly lives with some species of burrowing rodent as do other similar appearing species of North American Aphodius. The rodent most likely to harbor this species of Aphodius is some species of Geomys. Geomys cumberlandius Bangs is known only from Cumber- land Island, Georgia, which is immediately south of Jekyll Island. Geomys colonus Bangs is known only from the mainland adjacent to Jekyll Island. Since no specimens of Geomys from Jekyll Island itself are available, it is assumed that either cumberlandius or colonus occurs there and provides the niche for this particular Aphodius. I am indebted to Henry Howden for taking the electron scanning photographs presented here and to Kate Conway for preparing the drawings of genitalia. Aphodius fordi Gordon, new species fig. 1-6 Holotype: Male, length 3.34 mm, greatest width 1.49 mm. Form elongate, slender, somewhat flattened (fig. 1). Color of head and pronotum nearly black medially, reddish brown toward lateral margin and apex of clypeus; elytron dark yellowish brown; venter light yellowish brown. Head smooth, feebly shining, finely alutaceous except basal fourth polished, finely punctured, punctures separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter; anterior margin of clypeus narrowly reflexed, feebly emarginate medially, lateral angle smoothly rounded (fig. 3); gena with small clump of long setae anterior to eye. Pronotum feebly shining, distinctly alutaceous; long, sparse setae present on surface near lateral margin, large and small punctures intermixed on each side of middle, large punctures becoming dense laterally, separated by less than to twice a diameter, anterolateral angle abrupt, lateral margin feebly curved, crenate, fringed with long, sparse ' Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. 455 456 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 3 4 Fig. 1-4, Aphodius fordi. 1, habitus. 2, elytra. 3, head and pronotum. 4, hind leg with apical spurs. setae, posterolateral angle rounded, posterior border margined, with fringe of long setae (fig. 3). Elytron dull, strongly alutaceous, intervals broad, flat, with 2 irregularly interrupted rows of seta-bearing tubercles, striae lightly impressed, strial punctures fine, widely separated (fig. 2), most setae decumbent, except sutural, third, fifth, seventh and ninth intervals with some widely spaced, erect setae. Ventral surface generally shining, becoming duller, more alutaceous laterally; metasternum smooth, punctures extremely fine, nearly invisible. An- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 457 Fig. 5 and 6, Aphodius fordi, male genitalia, ventral and lateral views. terior tibia with outer teeth strong, posterior tooth basad of middle of tibia, apical spur slender, slightly curved, as long as first 3 tarsal segments; apex of hind tibia fringed with unequal spines, outer spur *4 the length of inner, apex curved, pointed, inner spur nearly as long as first tarsal segment, irregularly sinuate on inner margin (fig. 4). Anterior tarsus with basal segment nearly as long as segments 2 and 3, segments 2-4 equal, fifth segment as long as segments 2-4 combined; middle and hind tarsi with basal segment nearly as long as segments 2-4 combined, segments 2-4 subequal, fifth segment one and one-half times as long as fourth. Abdominal sterna finely punctured, feebly alutaceous, pubescent. Genitalia as in figures 5 and 6, Allotype: Female, length 3.10 mm, greatest width 1.43 mm. Not separable from male on external characters. Type material: Holotype, Georgia, Jekyll Island, 17-VIH-1971, E. J. Ford, Jr., light trap (USNM 72835). Allotype and 2 paratypes with same data as holotype deposited in the collections of E. J. Ford and in the USNM. Remarks: Few North American species of Aphodius have the elytra entirely pubescent. Of these, A. sepultus Cartwright most nearly re- sembles fordi, but sepultus has the head and pronotum densely, coarsely punctured and very rough. Aphodius sepultus is known only from the burrows of Geomys bursarius attwateri Merriam in Texas. The only eastern species of Aphodius that resembles fordi is stupidus Horn which is much larger, has a tuberculate head and erect elytral pubescence. Aphodius stupidus feeds mostly on deer dung and is not associated with a rodent. In Horn’s (1897) key to the U.S. species of Aphodius, fordi falls in group H with stupidus. In Schmidt’s (1922) key to the subgenera of Aphodius, fordi does not fit anywhere as the 458 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 combination of characters possessed by fordi were not defined by Schmidt. For comments on Schmidt's key see Gordon (1973). REFERENCES Gordon, R. D. 1974. Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): I. Two new species from Oregon and California. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washington 75:435—440. Horn, G. H. 1887. A. monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States. Trans. American Entomol. Soc. 14:1—110. Schmidt, A. 1922. Aphodiinae. Das Terreich, 45. Berlin and Leipzig. 614 pp. A classification above species level of the Genus Lachesilla Westwood (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae). Alfonso N. Garcia Aldrete. 1974. Folia En- tomologica Mexicana, No. 27:88 pp., 278 figs. Sociedad Mexicana de En- tomologia, Apart. Postal 31-312, México 7, D. F. This paper is the most important to date of several publications on psocids by Dr. Garcia Aldrete, of the Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional, Mexico City. It is significant because it demonstrates the richness of species of one of the largest genera of Psocoptera and the way a classification of species groups has been developed to accomodate diverse species instead of establishing a large number of new genera. It also marks the arrival of another member of a growing list of experienced and skilled specialists in Psocopteran systematics. The genus Lachesilla, richest in Mexico and the southern United States, now includes 229 species. Sommerman recognized 24 Nearctic species in 1946, and Smithers’ 1967 Catalogue listed a world fauna of 61 species. Several species are encountered frequently by general collectors in the United States. Garcia Aldrete recognizes 3 divisions and 18 species groups; each group consists of a cluster of species distinguished by a number of characters, almost all genital. Psocidologists tend to utilize such groupings as an alternative to an excess number of genera. The techniques for mounting and studying the fine genital structures of both sexes have now been well developed, a far cry from the time when dry shriveled specimens were the principal samples of psocids preserved. In this paper, about two-thirds of which consists of illustrations, the diagnoses of groups are fully explained, with a list of species assigned to each. An effort has been made to present a useful outline of the apparent evolutionary pattern in the speciation within Lachesilla. New species, 166 in number, will be described and named in later publications. Concerning the author, Dr. Garcia Aldrete has been studying psocids for about 10 years and has collected widely in Mexico and parts of the United States. He studied with Dr. E. L. Mockford at the Instituto Technolégico in Monterrey, Mexico, and at Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, and he has utilized extensive collections through Dr. Mockford’s cooperation. I wish him every success in completing the remaining papers dealing with Lachesilla. ASHLEY B. GurNEy, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. TAXONOMIC NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN ANOBIIDAE WITH A NEW SPECIES (COLEOPTERA) RicHARD E. WHITE Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII Agr. Res. Serv., USDA‘ ABSTRACT—The genus Ptinodes is synonymized with the genus Trichodesma, and the characters previously used to distinguish the two are discussed and evaluated. Euceratocerus grandis White is synonymized with E. hornii Leconte, and the new species E. parvus is described. Lasioderma dermestinum Leconte is transferred to Neosothes, and N. bicarinatus White is synonymized with dermestinum. A key is provided for the 2 species of Xarifa. Recent examination of type specimens in the Fall and Leconte collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Uni- versity has resulted in the following changes and notes. Trichodesma Leconte Trichodesma Leconte, 1861, p. 204. Ptinodes Leconte, 1861, p. 204. NEW SYNONYM. Leconte (1861) separated Ptinodes from Trichodesma as follows: “Mesosternum deeply and broadly excavated” for Ptinodes, versus “Mesosternum flat or scarcely concave” for Trichodesma. I have ex- amined the holotype of Ptinodes setifer Lec. (the type-species of the monotypic genus; MCZ type no. 3606) and find no such difference. The mesosternum of setifer is a little more recessed anteriorly than is typical for species of Trichodesma (including the type-species, T. gibbosa (Say) ), but this is a feeble difference and does not justify separation of the genera. Fall (1905, p. 170) recognized the similarities of Ptinodes and Trichodesma but retained Ptinodes as distinct on the basis of the fol- lowing: “the somewhat more strongly clavate femora; the ventral seg- ments of more uniform length, except the fourth; and the narrower hind coxal plates.” He also said “I have observed also that the antennal club is relatively longer than in Trichodesma.” and later (page 171) added “The palpi are not clearly visible, but the last joint appears to be elongate fusiform. If this observation is correct, it is a point of importance in support of the validity of the genus.” Comparison of North American species of Trichodesma with Ptinodes setifer discloses the following: the femora of setifer are feebly to not at all more clavate than those of North American species of Trichodesma; the relative lengths of the abdominal segments of ‘Mail address: c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. 459 460 PROC, ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Trichodesma are variable, and the condition in Ptinodes is within the variation in Trichodesma. The difference in the hind coxal plates is feeble to nonexistent. The antennal club of Trichodesma is variable in length (longer in the male), and in some species (beyeri, sordida) the club is as long relative to the rest of the antenna as it is in Ptinodes. Lastly, the palpi of Trichodesma are generally as described by Fall in the above paper as follows: “The terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is elongate-parallel, with the apex broadly, squarely truncate and a little emarginate; last joint of labial palpi triangular, the apex broad and feebly emarginate.” However, in T. texana, the apex of the maxillary palpus is distinctly emarginate, and in T. sordida the maxillary palpus is elongate fusiform with the apex narrowly truncate. The last segment of the labial palp in most Trichodesma is triangular, but in beyeri and sordida it is elongate-parallel. This variation in the palpi of Trichodesma species lessens the significance of the elongate fusiform palpi of Ptinodes. Of the above characters, the palpal structure offers the greatest differences between Ptinodes and Trichodesma but is too weak a basis for generic separation. I have examined a species of Trichodesma (very near T. sordida, and apparently undescribed) which has the palpi as in Ptinodes. I have also examined Central American Trichodesma in light of the above characters and find even greater variation than is shown by North American species. On page 204 of Leconte’s (1861) paper Ptinodes has precedence of position over Trichodesma; however, by Article 24(a) of the Inter- national Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, I select Trichodesma as the name for this taxon. The use of Trichodesma will best ensure stability of nomenclature, for Trichodesma is nearly world-wide and contains almost 50 species; Ptinodes has been used for just the Cali- fornia species setifer. Euceratocerus Leconte Euceratocerus Leconte, 1874, p. 65. A new synonym and a new species are presented below. Euceratocerus hornii Leconte figs 2: Euceratocerus hornii Leconte, 1874, p. 65. Euceratocerus grandis White, 1966, p. 232. NEW SYNONYM. Leconte’s holotype of hornii (MCZ no. 3656) is a small male of the species I described as grandis. The only difference I find is that the specimen is a little lighter in color than is typical for the species being dull reddish brown with the head and (to a lesser extent) pronotum PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 A461 Fig. 1-3, Euceratocerus, male antennae. 1, E. parvus, n. sp. 2, E. hornii Lec. 3, E. gibbifrons White. darker. I had assigned the name hornii on the basis of a specimen in the USNM identified as hornii by H. C. Fall. The latter specimen (and three others available to me) are an undescribed species for which I provide a name and description below. Euceratocerus parvus White, new species fig ei. Euceratocerus hornii: White, 1966, p. 233, not Leconte. General: Moderately elongate, sides nearly parallel, body 2.5 to 2.6 times as long as wide; body brown to dark brown, head and pronotum dark brown to black, legs and antennae brown; ventral surface moderately shiny, elytra, head and pronotum even less shiny; pubescence moderately dense, short, fine, gray with a slight sheen, weakly bristling on dorsal surface. Head: Densely and finely granulate; front not protuberant; vertex unmodified, neither carinate nor sulcate; eyes of single male separated by a little over 2 times vertical diameter of an eye, eyes of female separated by about 2.5 to 2.6 times vertical diameter of an eye; antenna of male nearly 7% as long as body, segments 3 through 10 strongly pectinate (fig. 1), antenna of female about 1% as long as body, segments 3 through 10 strongly serrate, each segment a little wider than long, last segment about 5 times as long as wide; last segment of maxillary palpus about 2 times as long as wide, widest medially, apex obliquely truncate; last seg- ment of labial palpus similar but more elongate, about 3 times as long as wide, widest before middle. Dorsal surface: Pronotum as wide as base of elytra, lateral margin distinct throughout, very finely, irregularly serrate, surface finely, densely, quite distinctly granulate, granules larger than those on head, most strongly developed on disk, disk slightly produced before base, median line very feebly to not at all im- pressed on anterior slope; elytral surface finely granulate, granules not nearly as strongly developed as those on pronotum, striae fine, clearly traceable through- out, formed of simple, impressed punctures, usually some striae of an elytron more or less impressed, intervals nearly flat. Ventral surface: Tarsi elongate, slightly shorter than to about as long as tibiae. Length: 2.9 to 3.4 mm. 462 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 The female holotype (USNM no. 72661) bears the data “Victoria 3. 18. 08 Tx; In Spanish moss; JDMitchell Collector; Euceratocerus hornii Lec. det. Arn. ’50.”. The two female paratypes (in USNM) bear the data “Victoria 21.3 Tex; EASchwarz Collector; HCFall deter.; Euceratocerus hornii’; and “Victoria 3-13. 08 Tx; JDMitchell Collector; In Spanish moss; Euceratocerus horni Lec.” The male characters are from a once-whole male paratype (in USNM) with the data “College Station, Tex. March 23, 1963, S. G. Wellso under bark of redbud tree.” The specimen is now badly damaged with just an elytron and an antenna remaining. This species differs from the other 2 species in the genus (hornii Lec. and gibbifrons White) in the smaller size and the more strongly pectinate male antenna. It is 2.9 to 3.4 mm long; the other two species range from 3.2 to 5.9 mm long. The ramus of the 4th antennal segment of the male of parvus is about 3 times as long as the segment, whereas the ramus of the 4th antennal segment (male) of both hornii (fig. 2) and gibbifrons (fig. 3) is a little longer than the segment. The male antennae of hornii and gibbifrons differ from each other in that the 9th and 10th segments of the former are incised for % their length; the 9th and 10th segments of the latter are incised for about % of their length. In my key to the species of Euceratocerus (White, 1966, p. 233) grandis should be changed to hornii, and hornii should be changed to parvus. Neosothes White Neosothes White, 1967, p. 43. Neosothes dermestinus (Leconte), NEW COMBINATION. Lasioderma dermestinum Leconte, 1865, p. 238. Neosothes bicarinatus White, 1967, p. 45. NEW SYNONYM. I find no significant differences between a paratype of N. bicarinatus (this bears the same locality date as the holotype) and the type of L. dermestinum (MCZ type no. 3626) so the above changes become essential. Xarifa Fall Fall (1905, p. 137-8) described the genus Xarifa and the single included species insularis. Later Fall (1929, p. 57) added the species lobata to Xarifa but failed to provide a key to the two species. Fol- lowing is a key to species; I have seen the holotype of insularis (MCZ no. 24672) and the single paratype of lobata (also in MCZ). Key to species of Xarifa 1. Body brown; length 2.4 to 2.6 mm, antennal club as long as preceding 4 Segments: mmited a see. * Re 25 nt ees ee ee lobata Fall PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 463 Body orange brown to red brown; length 1.5 to 2 2.2 mm; antennal club as long as preceding 6 to 8 segments united — insularis Fall My thanks for assistance are offered to John Lawrence and Janice White of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. REFERENCES Fall, H. C. 1905. Revision of the Ptinidae of Boreal America. Entomol. Soc. 31:97—296. 1929. New Coleoptera. XIII. Canadian Entomol. 61(3):54-59, Leconte, J. L. 1861. Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 3(1): 1-208. Trans. Amer. 1865. Prodromus of a monograph of the species of the tribe Anobiini, of the Family Ptinidae, inhabiting North America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil, 17:229=944" 1874. Descriptions of new Coleoptera chiefly from the Pacific slope of North America. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 5:43-72. White, R. E. 1966. Six new Anobiidae from North America with keys. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 68( 3) :228-236. 1967. Neosothes, a new genus with three new species from the Americas (Coleoptera; Anobiidae). Entomol. News 78(2):43-50. Frederick Valentine Melsheimer, Parent of American Entomology. Robert Snetsinger. 1973. Melsheimer Entomological Series No. 12. viii and 86 pages, 2 figures. Entomological Society of Pennsylvania, 102 Patterson Bldg., Uni- versity Park, PA 16802. Paper bound, price $3.75, plus $.25 for mailing. Even before the United States had gained its independence the demand for American insects in Europe was great. American collectors sent specimens, and European specialists analyzed and published. As in any developing country, the settlers were too busy with the practical matters of survival and development to spend time on the academic aspects of natural history. Eventually one man, Melsheimer, broke from this pattern and published his own findings. Thus was born Entomology in America in 1806. Robert Snetsinger of Pennsylvania State University has given an interesting 17 page account of an interesting man. FVM, born in 1749 in the Duchy of Braunschweig, became a chaplain in the Braunschweig Dragoons. His Corps swore allegiance to King George 3rd and was sent to America to fight the colonials in the American Revolution. He was captured in the battle of Benning- ton (Vermont) in 1777 and eventually was sent to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, as a prisoner. Released in 1779, he elected not to return to Germany. Several congregations at Lancaster made him pastor, and he settled down in the com- munity. Hard working and very intelligent, FVM soon became a leader, founding a high school, becoming trustee of the new Franklin College (mow Franklin and Marshall), then professor of Latin, Greek, German and Natural Sciences, and eventually president of the college. He resigned all college positions in 1789 and moved to Hanover to become a pastor. He lived out his life there and died in 1814. Melsheimer from childhood had been knowledgeable in many fields of natural history; from the United States he corresponded with his old German friend A. W. Knoch who identified many of his specimens. FVM amassed a good collection and finally decided to publish a catalogue of his collection of Pennsylvania insects. Part I, on beetles, appeared in 1806; unfortunately the series was never continued. The catalogue is merely a list of 111 genera and 1363 species, none with a description. For some species the correct author is indicated, for many Knoch is given credit, and for most no author is listed. Some in the second category and almost all in the third are nomina nuda. Originals of the catalogue are quite rare; Snetsinger lists only 16 copies in libraries in the United States, England, and Germany. A reproduction of the catalogue appears on pages 19-84 of Snetsinger’s publication, making the rara avis available to all libraries. The Smithsonian copy of the catalogue, mentioned in Snetsinger’s inventory, was presented to Eugene A. Schwarz in 1892 by Benjamin P. Mann who had received it from the Melsheimer Library in 1875. This prized copy was used by FVM himself and was later used by his son Frederick Ernst, an entomologist in his own right and author of a large catalogue of the beetles of North America. In the Smithsonian copy both father and son had written marginal notes, mostly synonymies and indications of later descriptions. (1895, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 3:145.) Snetsinger has given us a short but penetrating look into the life of our progenitor, has told us of his influence on descendents and followers, and has reproduced the catalogue, our first-born. A portrait of FVM on the cover is a nice addition. But, there is a surprise bonus: a delightful Geburts-Schein (birth 464 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 465 certificate), done in a Pennsylvania Dutch manner, with a beetle motif, declares that American Entomology was born in 1806 at Hanover, Pennsylvania, and was fathered by Frederick Valentine Melsheimer. Happy Birthday! T. J. Spmman, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, IIBIII Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, c/o U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. 20560. “NEW SYNONYMY” VERSUS “NEW SYNONYM” Dr. Henry Townes (1972) questioned the use of “new synonymy” to indicate a new synonym (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 74(2):229). Citing Webster's Dictionary in support, he limits the definition of “synonymy” to “. . . scientific names .. . collectively . . . to designate a species or other group; also a list of these names.” A synonymy, Dr. Townes contends, thus becomes “a total list of synonyms” and a new synonymy would thus be “a new total list.” His conclusion, therefore, is that “new synonymy” to indicate a name newly added to a list is inappropriate, and that “The correct term for an addition to the synonymy is ‘new synonym’.” We believe that Dr. Townes has not gone far enough in his analysis of terms, that “new synonymy” is correct in the manner in which it is used by most systematists, and that “new synonym” as a replacement term would be confusing and less precise. Evans (1972, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 74:337) makes essentially this point. However, a number of taxonomists have subsequently followed Townes’ interpretation and we believe that further comment is warranted. Definition (3) of “synonymy” in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1967) is “the quality or fact of being synonymous.” This definition is the sense in which the term “new synonymy” is used when applied to the addition of a name to the synonymy of a taxon. It is intended to represent a new statement of synonymousness. The nomenclatorial use of the term “synonymy” in this sense is obviously that implied in various sections of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and in usages by Mayr (1969) and Blackwelder (1967). Restricting application of the term “synonymy” to a total list of names would preclude its employment in the context of synonymousness, as implied in statements such as the following: A junior synonym “may be re-employed if the synonymy is judged to be erroneous .. .” (International Code, Art. 17). Both valid and invalid names in a synonymy are synonyms, the former usually being senior and the other junior. A name being placed in a particular relation in a particular synonymy for the first time (where we would designate “new synonymy”) frequently has been treated as a synonym in a different synonymy or in the same synonymy in some other relationship. Consider the following: In a treatment of the species A-us albus P., 1911, B-us albus S., 1912, is cited as a junior synonym. A few years later, another author in a different synonymy cites A-us albus as a junior synonym of C-us albus K., 1909. A-us albus has thus been treated as both a junior and senior synonym in 2 different synonymies. It is, therefore, not a “new synonym” in the later treatment, but it is being placed in “new synonymy” with respect to its relationship to another nomenclatorial entity, C-us albus. In the case of objective synonyms, citation of a name as a “new synonym” is technically incorrect, since the names have always been synonyms objectively, AG66 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 even before publication of one as a rejected name. For example, two stages of an animal are separately named; or the work of an animal is described (before 1931) as well as the animal itself at a later date. The different names for the same taxon are automatically synonyms from the time of publication of the second name. Citation of the later name for the first time as an invalid name to be rejected should be followed by the indication that this is a new statement of the fact of synonymousness, i.e., a “new synonymy.” In view of the above, we consider that it would be unfortunate if the traditional application of “new synonymy” were not to be continued. FRANK J. Rapovsky and JOANN M. TreNnorio, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 6037, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818. Supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB-20087. AN UNUSUAL INFESTATION BY PHAENICIA SERICATA (MG.) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) In the early evening of August 9, 1974, the senior author discovered a large female toad (Bufo sp.) on the wet lawn of her home in the Springfield area of northern Virginia. Dorsally and about 25 mm posterior to its cervical region the toad showed a small, bloody wound 3-4 mm in diameter which was heavily infested with full-grown larvae of Phaenicia sericata (Mg.). At the time of discovery the animal was quite active and exhibited normal behavior. The fly larvae feeding within the wound were not visible externally except when one occasionally emerged, waved the anterior half of its body about in the air for 1-2 seconds, then suddenly disappeared into the wound. One by one as they appeared in this manner, 11 larvae were extracted and preserved. During the night of August 9-10 the toad died, and we performed a careful autopsy on the morning of August 10. Only the fatty tissues under the skin were affected; there was no observable damage evident in the dorsal muscle tissue, in the bone structure, or to organs outside or inside the peritoneal cavity. Within a circular area about 25 mm in diameter and about 3 mm deep, we found 12 additional full-grown fly larvae. The stomach was quite full, but the only recognizable objects were 8 fairly large, black, well-digested beetles, probably species of Carabidae. We found it remarkable that the toad could sustain this infestation for long enough to allow the numerous fly larvae to reach full growth, that so many larvae of P. sericata could develop in such a small space, and that no intermediate stages of larvae were present. The ability of the host to sustain this relatively heavy infestation under these conditions helps to explain the abundance and widespread occurrence of P. sericata, as many wild animals are probably capable of doing so under similar circumstances. We thank Dr. Raymond J. Gagné, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for identifying the fly larvae, and Dr. George R. Zug, Smithsonian Institution, for confirming our identification of the toad. SUZANNE STEWART, 8807 Victoria Road., Springfield, Va. 22151 and RicHarp H. Foore, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, LBIII, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. A SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA OF ANERASTIINAE (AUCTORUM) AND PEORIINAE OF THE WORLD (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) Jay C. SHAFFER Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 ABSTRACT—This synonymic catalogue includes all generic and subgeneric names of the Anerastiinae (Auctorum) and Peoriinae of the World (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) along with references to original descriptions. Type-species are given with their designations and localities. New synonymy is given under Atascosa Hulst, Commotria Berg, Mesodiphlebia Zeller, and Peoria Ragonot. INTRODUCTION This catalogue is intended to complement that of Whalley (1970) on the related Phycitinae, and follows it closely in style and format. The genera are arranged in alphabetical order. Under the name of each genus is given its author, date, abbreviated reference to the original description, and finally the type species with its designation and type locality. References are given for all subsequent designations. Stated type localities are based on information given in the original descriptions, but expressed in current English form. Junior synonyms are cited with full data under their respective senior synonyms, and for convenience are also listed in alphabetical order within the main list. The authority for each synonymy is cited in parentheses after the type-locality of the type-species. The synony- mies follow existing literature, with the exception of several new synonymies and several names removed from synonymy. These changes are based upon my examination of type-species. Further changes will undoubtedly be made as studies of this group continue. The gender of all of the valid genera listed below is feminine, except Anerosoma, which is neuter, and Calamotropodes, Ematheudes, Proavitheudes, Raphimetopus, and Villiersoides, which are masculine. For completeness, this catalogue includes Anerastia and other genera transferred to the Phycitinae (Shaffer 1968) but omitted from Whalley (1970). NOMENCLATURE CHANGES New synonymy is given under Atascosa Hulst, Commotria Berg, Mesodiphlebia Zeller, and Peoria Ragonot. ABBREVIATIONS N. Amer. Phycit. North American Phycitidae, see references under Ragonot. 467 468 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Nouv. Phycit. Nouveaux Phycitidae, see references under Ragonot. orig. desig. Type designation by the original author. Rom. Mem. Memoirs on the Lepidoptera edited by N. M. Romanoff, see references under Ragonot. subseq. desig. Type designation by a subsequent author. syn. Nn. new synonymy. SYNONYMIC CATALOGUE ACRITONIA Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:270. A. comeella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Comé. Alamosa Hampson, see COENOCHROA Ragonot. Altoona Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. Ambala Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. Ampycodes Hampson, see MALIARPHA Ragonot. Ampycophora Meyrick, see RHINAPHE Berg. ANCHYLOBELA Turner, 1947, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 71:35. A. halplodes Turner, by monotypy. Australia: North Queensland, Kuranda. ANACOSTIA Shaffer, 1968, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 280:37. A. tribulella Shaffer, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Virginia, Holland. ANEMMALOCERA Ansel, 1961, Ark. Zool. (2)13:335. A. flavescentella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Pir-i-Zan. ANERASTIA Hibner, 1825, Verz. bekannt. Schmett.:367. Tinea lotella Hiibner, subseq. desig., Moore, 1886, Lep. of Ceylon 3:357. Presumably Europe. Prinanerastia Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:80. Tinea lotella Hiibner, orig. desig. ANEROSOMA Roesler, 1971, Entomol. Zeit. 81:178. Homoeosoma apicipunctella Caradja, orig. desig. China. ARDEKANIA Amsel, 1951, Ark. Zool. (2)1:527. A. farsella Amsel, by monotypy. Iran: Comé. ARDEKANOPSIS Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:266. A. griseella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Tchouroum. ARIVACA Shaffer, 1968, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 280:39. Poujadia pimella Dyar, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Arizona, Pima Co. ASALURIA Amsel, 1958, Sber. dst. Akad. Wiss. (1)167:553. A. reisseri Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Mekran. ATASCOSA Hulst, 1890, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 17:210. A. bicolorella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Texas, Blanco Co. Eumoorea Dyar, 1917, Insec. Inscit. Menstr. 5:91. E. anchridis Dyar, by monotypy. Guyana: Georgetown. syn. n. Aurora Ragonot, see PEORIA Ragonot. BANDERA Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:19. Anerastia binotella Zeller, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Texas. Nasutes Hampson, 1930, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10)5:53. N. venata Hampson, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Colorado, Boulder. (Heinrich, 1956, p. 315). BAPTOTROPA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:116. Patna tricolorella Hampson, orig. desig. India: Assam, Khasis. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 469 BARBERIA Dyar, 1905, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 7:39. B. affinitella Dyar, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Texas, Brownsville, Los Borregos. Baroda Ragonot, see SALURIA Ragonot. BIAFRA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:40. B. concinella Ragonot, orig. desig. South Africa: Natal. BIBUNDIANA Strand, 1913, Arch. Naturgesch. 1912, 78 A12:78. B. inconspicua Strand, orig. desig. Cameroon: Bibundi. CALAMOTROPA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:91. C. pulverivena Hampson, orig. desig. Australia: Western Australia, Sherlock River. CALAMOTROPODES Janse, 1922, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 1922:18. C. grisella Janse, orig. desig. Rhodesia: Sawmills. Calera Ragonot, see PEORIA Ragonot. Cayuga Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. Ceara Ragonot, see PEORIA Ragonot. Chipeta Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. CHORTONOECA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:80. C. leuco- craspia Hampson, orig. desig. Algeria: }Hammam-es-Salahin. GCILIOCERA Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:264. Emmalocera leucosarca Meyrick, orig. desig. Iraq: Rayat. Ciris Ragonot, see RAGONOTIA Grote. COENOCHROA Ragonot, 1887, N. Am. Phycit.:20. C. californiella Ragonot, orig. desig. U.S.A.: California. Alamosa Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:369. A. piperatella Hampson, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Colorado. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 60.) Petaluma Hulst, 1888, Entomol. Amer. 4:116. Anerastia illibella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Texas, Blanco Co. (Ragonot, 1889, p. 117.) COENOTROPA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:89. C. limitella Hampson, orig. desig. Paraguay: Sapucay. COMMOTRIA Berg, 1885, An. Soc. Cient. Argent. 19:278. C. invenustella Berg, by monotypy. Orig. descr. lists Argentina and Uruguay. Mangala Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:41. M. crassicapella Ragonot, by monotypy. Central Africa. (Hampson, 1918, p. 107.) Tinitinoa Dyar, 1914, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 47:347. T. phyrdes Dyar, orig. desig. Panama (Canal Zone): Trinidad River. syn. n. Comorta Ragonot, see RHINAPHE Berg. Critonia Ragonot, see EMMALOCERA Ragonot. DALAKIA Amsel, 1961, Ark. Zool. (2)13:333. D. uniformella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Dalaki. DEMBEA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:45. D. venulosella Ragonot, by monotypy. Ethiopia. DISCOFRONTIA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:350. D. normella Hampson, by monotypy. South Africa: Natal. EMATHEUDES Zeller, 1867, Stettin. Entomol. Zeitg. 28:385. Chilo punctellus Treitschke, by monotypy. Europe. EMMALOCERA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:38. E. crenatella Ragonot, orig. desig. Borneo. Critonia Ragonot, 1890, Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr.:214. C. swbhconcinnella Ragonot, by monotypy. Burma: Koni. (Meyrick, 1933, p. 385.) ATO PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Lodiana Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:38. L. uwmbrivittella Ragonot, by mono- typy. East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 126.) Papua Ragonot, 1889, Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr.:220. P. latilimbella Ragonot, by monotypy. New Guinea: Port Moresby. (Hampson, 1918, p. 126.) Singhaliella Strand, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 1918, 84 A12:189. S. simplicipalpis Strand, by monotypy. Formosa: Suisharyo. (Subgen. of Critonia. ) Enosima Ragonot, see RHINAPHE Berg. EPIDAURIA Ragonot, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:405. Anerastia transversariella Zeller, orig. desig. Italy: Sicily, Ragusa. Erythphlebia Hampson, see RHINAPHE Berg. ETHIOTROPA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:116. E. pyromerella Hampson, orig. desig. Northern Nigeria: Akassa. Eumoorea Dyar, see ATASCOSA Hulst. FONDOUKIA Chretien, 1911, Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1911:11. F. translucidella Chretien, by monotypy. Algeria: Biskra. FOSSIFRONTIA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:338. F. leuconeurella Hampson, by monotypy. Australia: Queensland, Cooktown. FREGENIA Hartig, 1947, Boll. Ass. Romana Entomol. 2:31. F. prolai Hartig, orig. desig. Italy: Rome, Fregene. GOYA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:43. G. albivenella Ragonot, subseq. desig., Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:349. Argentina. HARNOCHINA Dyar, 1914, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 47:340. H. rectilinea Dyar, orig. desig. Panama (Canal Zone): Corozal. Heosphora Meyrick, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. HOMOSASSA Haulst, 1890, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 17:214. Ephestia ella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.; Florida. HOSIDIA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:408. H. ochrineurella Hampson, by monotypy. South Africa: Natal, Estcourt. HYPSOTROPA Zeller, 1848, Isis:591. H. limbella Zeller, by monotypy. Southern Europe. Ambala Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:45. A. fuscostrigella Ragonot, orig. desig. East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) Heosphora Meyrick, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 7:158. Anerastia psamat- hella Meyrick, subseq. desig. by Hampson, 1901, 381. Australia: New South Wales, Sydney. (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) Lymira Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:46. Seleucia semirosella Ragonot, un- necessary replacement name for Seleucia Ragonot. Seleucia Ragonot, 1887, Annls. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1887:259. S. semirosella Ragonot, by monotypy. Lebanon: Beirut. (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) Socora Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:46. S$. tenuicostella Ragonot, by mono- typy. West Africa: “Sénégambie.” (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) Talamba Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:47. T. tenuinervella Ragonot, by monotypy. East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) Tiara Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:46. T. pusillella Ragonot, by monotypy. Tanzania: Zanzibar. (Hampson, 1918, p. 67.) KHACHIA Amsel, 1961, Ark. Zool, (2)13:336. K. albicostella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Sengan. LAURENTIA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:49. L. inclarella Ragonot, by mono- typy. Indonesia: Java. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 471 LEOTROPA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:64. L. phoenicias Hampson, orig. desig. Sierra Leone. LIOPROSOPA Turmer, 1947, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr. 71:30. Heosphora chlorogramma Meyrick, orig. desig. Australia: Queensland. Lodiana Ragonot, see EMMALOCERA Ragonot. Lymira Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. MALIARPHA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:48. M. separatella Ragonot, by monotypy. Cameroons. Ampycodes Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:393. Anerastia pallidicosta Hampson, by monotypy. India: Assam, Naga Hills. (Martin, 1958, p. 187.) Mangala Ragonot, see COMMOTRIA Berg. MARTIA Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:18. M. arizonella Ragonot, by mono- typy. U.S.A.: Arizona. Urula Hulst, 1900, Can. Entomol. 32:175. U. incongruella Hulst, by monotypy. U.S.A.: California, Argus Mtns. (Barnes and McDunnough, 1917, p. 149.) MEGALOPHOTA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:117. M. leonella Hampson, orig. desig. Sierra Leone. MENUTHIA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:50. M. nanella Ragonot, by mono- typy. Tanzania: Zanzibar. MESODIPHLEBIA Zeller, 1881, Hor. Soc. Entomol. Ross. 16:251. M. cras- sivenia Zeller, by monotypy. Colombia. Schenectadia Dyar, 1914, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 47:348. S. merilesella Dyar, orig. desig. Panama (Canal Zone): Corozal. syn. n. METACRATERIA Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:79. Anerastia pulverulella Hampson, orig. desig. Ceylon. MONOCTENOCERA Hampson, 1899, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12:310. M. brachiella Hampson, by monotypy. India: Calcutta. Sikkim. Nasutes Hampson, see BANDERA Ragonot. NAVASOTA Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:18. N. hebetella Ragonot, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Texas. NEORASTIA Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:269. N. albicostella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Bender, Tchahbahar. Ollia Dyar, see PEORIA Ragonot. OSAKIA Ragonot, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:318. O. lineolella Ragonot, by monotypy. Japan. Osceola Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. Papua Ragonot, se EMMALOCERA Ragonot. PATNA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:39. P. eboricostella Ragonot, by monotypy. East Indies. Pectinigeria Ragonot, see SALURIA Ragonot. PEORIA Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:19. Anerastia haematica Zeller, orig. desig. U.S.A.: New York and Massachusetts. Altoona Hulst, 1888, Entomol. Amer. 4:116. Anerastia opacella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Texas, Blanco Co. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Aurora Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:18. A. longipalpella Ragonot, by monotypy. U.S.A. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 9.) Calera Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:50. C. punctilimbella Ragonot, by mono- typy. U.S.A.: Carolina. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) 472, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Cayuga Hulst, 1888, Entomol. Amer. 4:116. Spermatophthora gemmatella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Illinois. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Ceara Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:45. C. discinotella Ragonot, by monotypy. Brazil. syn. n. Chipeta Hulst, 1892, Can. Entomol. 24:62. C. perlepidella Hulst, by monotypy of Osceola Hulst. Replacement name for Osceola Hulst. Ollia Dyar, 1904, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 6:107. O. santaritella Dyar, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Arizona, Santa Rita Mtns. Osceola Hulst, in Smith, 1891, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America: 85. Nomen nudum. Chipeta perlepidella, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Florida. Preoccupied by Osceola Baird and Girard, 1853, (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Statina Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:19. S. roseotinctella Ragonot, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Florida. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Trivolusia Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 52:438. Volusia roseopennella Hulst. Replacement name for Volusia Hulst. Volusia Hulst, 1890, Trans. Amer. Entomol Soc. 17:206. V. roseopennella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Florida, Volusia Co. Preoccupied by Volusia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; and by Volusia Adams, 1861. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Wekiva Hulst, 1890, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 17:215. W. nodosella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Florida. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 10.) Petaluma Hulst, see COKNOCHROA Ragonot. POLYOCHA Zeller, 1848, Isis, Leipzig:876. P. sanguinariella Zeller, by monotypy. South Africa: Cape of Good Hope. Polyochodes Chretien, 1911, Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1911:13. P.. stipella Chretien, by monotypy. Tunisia: Gafsa. (Hampson, 1918, p. 124.) Polyochodes Chretien, see POLYOCHA Zeller. POSTEMMALOCERA Amsel, 1955, Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belg. 31(83):21. Emmalocera palaearctella Turati, orig. desig. Italy: Tivoli. Poujadia Ragonot, see SALURIA Ragonot. PRAERHINAPHE Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:270. P. monotona Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Bender Tchahbahar. PRAESALURIA Amsel, 1958, Beitr. Naturk. Forsch. StidwDtschl. 17:65. P. hofufella Amsel, orig. desig. Saudi Arabia: Hofuf. Prinanerastia Hampson, see ANERASTIA Hubner. PROAVITHEUDES Amsel, 1961, Ark. Zool. (2)13:334. P. persicella Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Jaz Murian. PROPHTASIA Ragonot, 1887, Annls. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1887:259. P. platycerella Ragonot, by monotypy. U.S.S.R.: Armenia. Psammia Hampson, see RAGONOTIA Grote. RAGONOTIA Grote, 1888, Can. Entomol. 20:75. Ciris discigerella Ragonot, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Arizona. Replacement name for Ciris Ragonot. Ciris Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:17. C. discigerella Ragonot, orig. desig. Preoccupied by Ciris Koch, 1848; and by Ciris Grote, 1863. Psammia Hampson, 1930, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10)5:71. P. flavipicta Hampson, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Florida. (Shaffer, 1968, p. 79.) RAPHIMETOPUS Hampson, 1918, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1918:78. Anerastia spinifrontella Ragonot, orig. desig. India: Bornbay. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 473 REYNOSA Shaffer, 1968, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 280:54. Atascosa floscella Hulst, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Texas, Blanco Co. RHINAPHE Berg, 1875, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. 49:231. R. signicollis Berg, by monotypy. Argentina. Ampycophora Meyrick, 1882, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 7:158. Pempelia apotomella Meyrick, by monotypy. Australia: Queensland, Duaringa. (Hampson, 1918, p. 82.) Comorta Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:48. C. atricostella Ragonot, by mono- typy. Orig. descr. lists Bathurst [Gambia], Andaman Islands, and East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 82. ) Enosima Ragonot, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:389. E. neesimella Ragonot, orig. desig. Japan. (Hampson, 1918, p. 82.) Erythphlebia Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:393. E. enervella Hampson, orig. desig. Australia: Queensland, Cooktown. (Hampson, 1918, p. 82.) RHINAPHENA Strand, 1920, Arch. Naturgesch. 1919, 85 A12:118. R. disco- cellularis Strand, by monotypy. Argentina: Misiones. RHODOCHRYSA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:387. R. superbella Hampson, by monotypy. South Africa: Natal, Estcourt. SABORMA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:37. S. forcipella Ragonot, by monotypy. Indonesia: Sumatra. SABORMANIA Strand, 1913, Arch Naturgesch. 1912, 78 A12:80. S. pia Strand, by monotypy. West Africa [Southern Cameroon, Spanish Guinea]: Alen. SALURIA Ragonot, 1887, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 1887:258. S. maculivittella Ragonot, subseq. desig., Hampson, 1889, J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 12:308. Tunisia: Gabes. U.S.S.R.: Caucasus Mtns, and Margelan. Baroda Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:42, B. paucigraphella Ragonot, by mono- typy. East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 93.) Pectinigeria Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:43. P. macrella Ragonot, orig. desig. South Africa: Natal. (Hampson, 1918, p. 93.) Poujadia Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:42. P. sepicostella Ragonot, orig. desig. East Indies. (Hampson, 1918, p. 93.) Schenectadia Dyar, see MESODIPHLEBIA Zeller. Seleucia Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. SHIRAZIA Amsel, 1954, Ark. Zool. (2)6:268. S. monotona Amsel, orig. desig. Iran: Shiraz. SIBOGA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:338. Hypsotropha falsella Snellen, by monotypy. Indonesia: Sumatra. Singhaliella Strand, see EMMALOCERA Ragonot. Socora Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. Statina Ragonot, see PEORIA Ragonot. SUDANIA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:380. S. swbcostella Hampson, by monotypy. Gabon: Ogooue River. Talamba Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. TAMPA Ragonot, 1887, N. Amer. Phycit.:19. T. dimediatella Ragonot, by monotypy. U.S.A.: Florida, Archer. Tiarra Ragonot, see HYPSOTROPA Zeller. TINERASTIA Hampson, 1901, Rom. Mem. 8:414. Menuthia fissirella Hampson, orig. desig. Ceylon: Hambantota. Tinitinoa Dyar, see COMMOTRIA Berg. 474 TOLIMA Ragonot, 1888, Nouv. Phycit.:41. Colombia. Trivolusia Dyar, see PEORIA Ragonot. Urula Hulst, see MARTIA Ragonot. VALDOVECARIA Zerny, 1927, Eos.:449. V. bradyrrhoella Zerny, by monotypy. Spain: Teruel, Albarracin. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 VILLIERSOIDES Marion, 1957, Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire (A)19:1201. rosabella Marion, orig. desig. Senegal: Dakar. Volusia Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. WAKULLA Shaffer, 1968, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 280:74. Bandera carneella Barnes and McDunnough, orig. desig. U.S.A.: Wekiva Hulst, see PEORIA Ragonot. Florida. INDEX OF SPECIES affinitella Dyar, Barberia albicostella Amsel, Khachia albicostella Amsel, Neorastia albivenella Ragonot, Goya aptomella Meyrick, Rhinaphe arizonella Ragonot, Martia atricostella Ragonot, Rhinaphe bicolorella Hulst, Atascosa binotella Zeller, Bandera brachiella Hampson, Monoctenocera bradyrrhoella Zerny, Valdovecaria californiella Ragonot, Coenochroa carneella| Barnes and McDunnough, Wakulla chlorogramma Meyrick, Lioprosopa comeella Amsel, Acritonia concinella Ragonot, Biafra crassicapella Ragonot, Commotria crassivenia Zeller, Mesodiphlebia crenatella Ragonot, Emmalocera dimediatella Ragonot, Tampa discigerella Ragonot, Ragonotia discinotella Ragonot, Peoria discocellularis Strand, Rhinaphena eboricostella Ragonot, Patna ella Hulst, Homosassa enervella Hampson, Rhinaphe falsella Snellen, Siboga farsella Amsel, Ardekania fissirella Hampson, Tinerastia flavescentella Amsel, Anemmalocera flavipicta. Hampson, Ragonotia floscella Hulst, Reynosa forcipella Ragonot, Saborma fuscostrigella Ragonot, Hypsotropa gemmatella Hulst, Peoria griseella Amsel, Ardekanopsis grisella Janse, Calamotropodes haematica Zeller, Peoria haplodes Turner, Anchylobela habetella Ragonot, Navasota hofufella Amsel, Praesaluria illibella Hulst, Coenochroa inclarella Ragonot, Laurentia incongruella Hulst, Martia inconspicua Strand, Bibundiana invenustella Berg, Commotria latilimbella Ragonot, Emmalocera leonella Hampson, Megalophota leucocraspia Hampson, Chortonoeca leuconeurella Hampson, Fossifrontia leucosarca Meyrick, Ciliocera limbella Zeller, Hypsotropa limitella Hampson, Coenotropa lineolella Ragonot, Osakia longipalpella Ragonot, Peoria lotella Hiibner, Anerastia macrella Ragonot, Saluria maculivittella Ragonot, Saluria merilesella Dyar, Mesodiphlebia monotona Amsel, Praerhinaphe monotona Amsel, Shirazia nanella Ragonot, Menuthia neesimella Ragonot, Rhinaphe nodosella Hulst, Peoria normella Hampson, Discofrontia oberthurii Ragonot, Tolima ochrineurella Hampson, Hosidia opacella Hulst, Peoria palaearctella Turati, Postemmalocera T. oberthurii Ragonot, orig. desig. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 475 pallidicosta Hampson, Maliarpha paucigraphella Ragonot, Saluria perlepidella Hulst, Peoria persicella Amsel, Proavitheudes phoenicias Hampson, Leotropa phyrdes Dyar, Commotria pia Strand, Sabormania pimella Dyar, Arivaca piperatella Hampson, Coenochroa platycerella Ragonot, Prophtasia prolai Hartig, Fregenia psamathella Meyrick, Hypsotropa pulverivena Hampson, Calamotropa pulverulella Hampson, Metacrateria punctellus Treitschke, Ematheudes punctilimbella Ragonot, Peoria pusillella Ragonot, Hypsotropa pyromerella Hampson, Ethiotropa rectilinea Dyar, Harnochina reisseri Amsel, Asaluria rosabella Marion, Villiersoides roseotinctella Ragonot, Peoria roseopennella Hulst, Peoria sanguinariella Zeller, Polyocha santaritella Dyar, Peoria semirosella Ragonot, Hypsotropa separatella Ragonot, Maliarpha sepicostella Ragonot, Saluria signicollis Berg, Rhinaphe simplicipalpis Strand, Emmalocera spinifrontella Ragonot, Raphimetopus stipella Chretien, Polyocha subconcinnella Ragonot, Emmalocera subcostella Hampson, Sudania superbella Hampson, Rhodochrysa tenuicostella Ragonot, Hypsotropa tenuinervella Ragonot, Hypsotropa translucidella Chretien, Fondoukia transversariella Zeller, Epidauria tribulella Shaffer, Anacostia tricolorella Hampson, Baptotropa umbrivittella Ragonot, Emmalocera uniformella Amsel, Dalakia venata Hampson, Bandera venulosella Ragonot, Dembea ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to P. E. S. Whalley of the British Museum (Natural History) for his advice on various problems associated with this work, and also to my wife Karan for her assistance with library work and typing the manuscript. REFERENCES Heinrich, C. 1956. American moths of the subfamily Phycitinae. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 207:1-581. Ragonot, E. L. 1887. Diagnoses of North American Phycitidae and Galleridae. Pp. 1-20. Paris. 1888. Nouveaux Genera et Especes de Phycitidae et Galleridae. Pp. 1-52. Paris. 1901. Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, par N. M. Romanoff. VIII, Monographie des Phycitinae et des Galleriinae. Pp. 1-602. MS. completed by Sir G. F. Hampson. Shaffer, J. C. 1968. A Revision of the Peoriinae and Anerastiinae (Auctorum ) of America North of Mexico (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 280: 1-124. Whalley, P. E. S. 1970. A Synonymic Catalogue of the genera of Phycitinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of the World. Bull. Br. Mus. Natl. Hist. (Entomol. ) 25 :33-72. CHANGES IN THE STATUS OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN POLISTES (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) Roy R. SNELLING Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007 ABSTRACT—Elevated to species level are comanchus, kaibabensis and mexi- canus from former status as subspecies of canadensis; navajoe is regarded as a subspecies of comanchus. Pseudoculatus is elevated to species from former sub- specific status under instabilis; bellicosus is treated as a subspecies of fuscatus; perplexus is removed from the synonymy of carolina as a valid species. The fol- lowing are NEW SYNONYMS: wheeleri = mexicanus; bakeri = major; gen- erosus = perplexus; utahensis = connectens = aurifer; pallipes = variatus = fuscatus. This paper is presented in order to validate changes in the status of some North American Polistes which will be included in the re- vised Hymenoptera Catalog now in preparation. Since all of these changes will be discussed in some detail in a paper now in progress, discussions here will be minimal. The forthcoming paper will include keys to U.S. forms and pertinent illustrations. In addition to the material in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, I have been able to study many thousands of specimens made available by M. Favreau and J. Rozen, the American Museum of Natural History and by L. Masner, Canadian National Collections. The large collection at the U.S. National Mu- seum of Natural History was studied during a visit in 1974, through the courtesy of A. Menke. At the present time only original citations and those subsequent citations which are immediately relevant are given in order to con- serve space. More complete bibliographies will be included in the paper now in preparation. CANADENSIS GROUP Polistes comanchus Saussure. NEW STATUS. Polistes comanchus Saussure, 1857, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (3)5:314. Polistes canadensis comanchus, Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48: 9-10. Although the range of this wasp overlaps that of canadensis in northern Mexico, there is no evidence that the two intergrade. Neither species shows any ten- dency to develop color phases convergent toward the other. On the other hand, comanchus does intergrade with the following form. Polistes comanchus navajoe Cresson. NEW STATUS. Polistes navajoe Cresson, 1868. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 1:383.9. Polistes canadensis navajoe, Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:11. 476 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 AT7 The range of this form becomes sympatric with that of canadensis in southern Arizona and adjacent portions of Mexico without any evidence of intergradation, and is hence considered distinct. It does intergrade with the more eastern comanchus in Chihuahua and Coahuila and I regard it as a western subspecies of that wasp. Polistes kaibabensis Hayward. NEW STATUS. Polistes canadensis var. kaibabensis Hayward, 1932. 2 9. This is a common form in the Grand Canyon area of Arizona. It is completely allopatric with canadensis. Its range of variation does not trend toward cana- densis, nor does it show variants toward the related navajoe. I believe that it should be accorded specific status. Polistes mexicanus Bequaert. NEW STATUS. Polistes canadensis var. mexicanus Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:10.2 ¢. Polistes canadensis var. wheeleri Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48: 12.9. NEW SYNONYMY. The two forms, mexicanus and wheeleri, intergrade continuously over a wide area of western Mexico and there seems nothing to gain by recognizing them as separate taxa. On the other hand, although broadly sympatric with canadensis in western Mexico and superficially similar to it, the characteristics of mexicanus and canadensis are consistently exclusive. I believe that mexicanus must be recognized as a full species. INSTABILIS GROUP Polistes instabilis Saussure. Polistes instabilis Saussure, 1853. Etudes sur les famille Vespides 2:91-92.9. This has recently been recorded by Gillaspy (1973) from southern Texas where it is common. The absence of earlier records from this intensively col- lected area suggest that instabilis was probably recently introduced into the lower Rio Grande Valley from Mexico. Polistes pseudoculatus Snelling. NEW STATUS. Polistes instabilis subsp. pseudoculatus Snelling, 1955. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1701:8-9.2 8. A number of additional specimens of this are available from northern and central Mexico. The color pattern, homeochromic with that of canadensis, is very stable and shows no tendency to vary toward that of instabilis. I believe that it may safely be regarded as a species apart from, although closely related to, instabilis. MAJOR GROUP Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois. Polistes major Palisot de Beauvois, 1818. Ins. Afr., Amer., p. 206. Polistes major var. bakeri Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:15-16. 89. NEW SYNONYMY. The var. bakeri was described from a few specimens from Texas. The color pattern is almost identical to that of typical major, except that the ferruginous 478 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 color is replaced by dark cinnamon-brown. I have seen so many intermediate specimens in areas which should be pure bakeri that I have no hesitation in reducing this name to synonymy. FUSCATUS GROUP Polistes fuscatus aurifer Saussure. Polistes fuscatus var. utahensis Hayward, 1933. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci. 10:142. 6 9. NEW SYNONYMY. Polistes fuscatus var. connectens Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:21-22. 96. NEW SYNONYMY. The color phase aurifer is widely distributed over the western United States and adjacent Canada. The two color forms utahensis and connectens occur so sporadically and intergrade so broadly with aurifer that they cannot be main- tained as separate entities. The var. montanus Bequaert, 1940, was synonymized with aurifer by Snelling (1954). Polistes fuscatus bellicosus Cresson. NEW STATUS. Polistes bellicosus Cresson, 1872. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 4:247. @ only. Polistes fuscatus var. bellicosus, Bequaert, 1940. Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:21. Polistes bellicosus, Bohart, 1949. Pan-Pacific Ent. 25: Bequaert (1940) regarded this as a color form of the ubiquitous fuscatus, but Bohart (1949) elevated it to species level. Since there are no morphological characters by which the two may be distinguished, and because it apparently intergrades with fuscatus in the eastern United States and with centralis in Texas, I believe it must be returned to the status suggested by Bequaert. Polistes fuscatus fuscatus (Fabricius ). Polistes pallipes Lepeletier, 1836. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hymen. 1:530. 9. NEW SYNONYMY. Polistes variatus Cresson, 1872. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4:247. $9. NEW SYNONYMY. Both pallipes and variatus have been recognized as subspecies of fuscatus since they were accorded that status by Bequaert (1940). R. Bohart (in litt.) has examined the type of pallipes and concluded that it is “typical” fuscatus, so that name must go into synonymy. Moreover, pallipes and fuscatus intergrade so broadly along the eastern coast of North America that there is no point in at- tempting to separate the two. The variatus form of the central United States also presents many forms tran- sitional to “typical” fuscatus and is no more defensible than is pallipes. There are, for example, isolated populations of variatus-like forms in New York, Penn- sylvania, South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. These are mixed with more typical color forms. Polistes perplexus Cresson. NEW STATUS. Polistes perplexus Cresson, 1872. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 4:245. @, Polistes generosus Cresson, 1872. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 4:246. ¢@. NEW SYNONYMY. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 A479 The type of peplexus, which I have examined, is a male, not a female as stated by Bohart (1951), who placed it in the synonymy of rubiginosus Lepeletier. The latter has subsequently been identified as a synonym of carolina (Linné) by Richards (1973) and Bohart and Menke (1974). I have studied the type ma- terial of perplexus and generosus: generosus is a minor color variant of perplexus and may be placed in synonymy. On the other hand, I do not believe that perplexus can be treated as synonym of carolina. Females associated with perplexus males are consistently morpho- logically different; the malar area is finely and densely punctate between scat- tered macropunctures. In carolina there are no micropunctures, but scattered coarse punctures are present; micropunctures are present on the gena down to the level of the lower end of the occipital carina. Since the characteristics which separate the females of the two forms are consistent, I do not doubt that they are valid species. Bequaert (1940) postulated that perplexus might be a social parasite of such forms as carolina and metricus. There is, at this time, no evi- dence to suggest that this is so. The two forms are largely sympatric, but I have seen no material of perplexus from Florida where carolina is common. Specimens of perplexus have been examined from the following states: Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Mary- land, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. REFERENCES Bequaert, J. C. 1940. An introductory study of Polistes in the United States and Canada with descriptions of some new North and South American forms (Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Jour. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. 48:1-31. Bohart, R. M. 1949. Notes on North American Polistes with desciptions of new species and subspecies (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 25:97-103. 1951. In, Muesebeck, et al. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic Catalog. U.S. Dept. Agric., Monogr. 2:1—1420. and A. S. Menke. 1974. Names of some North American vespoid wasps. Jour. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 47:459—469. Gillaspy, J. E. 1973. Behavioral observations on paper-nest wasps (Genus Polistes; Family Vespidae; Order Hymenoptera). Amer. Midl. Nat. 90:1-12. Richards, O. W. 1973. The subgenera of Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Rev. Brasileira Entomol. 17:85—104. Snelling, R. R. 1954. Wasps of the genus Polistes in California and Arizona (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Jour. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 27:151-155. 1955. Notes on some Polistes in the American Museum of Nat- ural History, with descriptions of new North American subspecies (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Amer. Mus. Novitates 1701:1-9. OVARIOLE NUMBERS IN SCARABAEOIDEA (COLEOPTERA: LUCANIDAE, PASSALIDAE, SCARABAEIDAE)* PauL O. RITCHER Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 CHARLES W. BAKER Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725 ABSTRACT—Ovariole numbers were determined for 4 genera of Lucanidae, 4 genera of Passalidae, and 65 genera of Scarabaeidae. Lucanidae had ovariole numbers of 6-6 and 12-12; Passalidae had only 2 ovarioles in each ovary. The most common ovariole number in Scarabaeidae was 6-6. Ovariole numbers ranged from 1-0 in Scarabaeinae to 14-25 in each ovary in Pleocoma, thought to be a relict form. An ovariole number of 12-12 occurred in one or more genera of Dynastinae, Rutelinae, and Cetoniinae. Although ovariole numbers usually rep- resent a derived condition associated with egg laying habits and special features of each species’ biology, there is still considerable indication of relationships between the groups. In 1961, Robertson published a summary paper dealing with ovariole numbers in Coleoptera which combined his original findings with those of previous workers. He reported that within 329 species in 45 families ovariole numbers varied from one to several hundred. Robert- son mentioned the single ovariole characteristic of Scarabaeinae (Cop- rinae ) but concluded that there was remarkable uniformity in ovariole number in the Scarabaeoidea which usually had 6 ovarioles in each ovary. His data, however, shows 12-12 ovarioles in Lucanidae and 2-2 ovarioles in Passalidae, based on observations of only one species in each family. Halffter and Matthews (1966), attributed the extreme ovarian re- duction found in Scarabaeinae to nidification behavior. They reported that a single ovary with one ovariole was also present in Canthon virens Mann. and in two species of Onthophagus. There is considerable information in the literature concerning grass- hoppers (Orthoptera) and Drosophila (Diptera) that ovariole num- ber is controlled by genetic factors (Blackith and Blackith, 1969; Rob- ertson, 1957; and Tessier, 1963). For example, Robertson (1957) found that artificial selection in a strain of D. melanogaster for low ovariole numbers led to about a 14% reduction; selection in the other direction increased ovariole number by more than 50% and was still increasing after 10 generations. There is also evidence that ovariole number in ‘ This investigation was supported in part by Grant GS-31129 from the National Science Foundation. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Paper No. 3895. 480 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 A881 some species of grasshoppers may vary significantly in different parts of a wide range (Uvarov, 1966; Blackith and Blackith, 1969). The possibility that ovariole number could prove to be a meristic character of evolutionary and taxonomic value was suggested by Rob- ertson (1961) for the Coleoptera and by Balduf (1964) for the Het- eroptera. With this in mind, the writers herein report an extensive survey of ovariole numbers in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Most of the specimens used in this study were collected alive and were freshly dissected in 70% ethanol, with the aid of a binocular stereomicroscope, as described by Kamm and Ritcher (1972). Other specimens were dissected by removal of the elytra and incision of the dorsal body wall of the abdomen, fol- lowed by removal of the contents of the abdomen until only the female re- productive tract remained. A number of the larger specimens were dissected by removal of the abdomen, followed by transverse and lateral incisions with microscissors. The dorsal portion was then pulled back to expose the female reproductive organs. Serial sections were made with a standard rotary microtome, after fixation of the ovaries in modified Bouin’s solution, transfer to ethanol, staining with iron haematoxylin, and impregnation with paraffin. Illustrations were made using either a camera lucida or squared ocular grid, with specimens submerged in ethanol. Many specimens used in this study were collected at or near the Southwest Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History, near Portal, Ari- zona. Other material was obtained alive in Oregon, Idaho, New Mexico, Cali- fornia, Texas, and North Carolina or was sent preserved in fluid from Japan, Australia, and Russia. Discussion In the discussion which follows, the families and subfamilies of Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae are arranged according to Arnett (1968). The subfamilies of Passalidae are listed according to Reyes-Castillo (1970). Table 1 lists the species we examined, number of ovarioles found, variation (if any), number of specimens dissected, and the state (USA) or foreign country from which specimens of each species were obtained. Lucanidae (Fig. 16): Ovariole numbers of 6-6 and 12-12 were found in this family. In this regard the family resembles many Scar- abaeidae. An ovariole number of 6-6 was found in 1 species in each of the subfamilies Platycerinae and Aesalinae. An ovariole number of 12-12 was observed in one species in each of the subfamilies Sino- dendroninae (Fig. 16) and Lucaninae. Robertson (1961), cited Stein (1847) as finding 12-12 ovarioles in Dorcus parallelipipedus L., which belongs to the subfamily Dorcinae. Passalidae (Fig. 3): In 1973, Baker reported that 3 species of 482, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Table 1. Ovariole numbers in Scarabaeoidea Usual Vari- Spec- Number ation imens ; (left- (per Exam- Group and Species Locality right ) side ) ined Lucanidae Lucaninae Lucanus mazama (LeConte ) Arizona 12-12 ——— 1 Platycerinae Platycerus oregonensis Westw. Oregon 6-6 none 3 Aesalinae Ceruchus striatus LeConte Oregon 6-6 —- 1 Sinodendrinae Sinodendron rugosum Mann. Oregon 12-12 11-12 14 Passalidae Aulacocyclinae Aulacocyclus errans (Blackl.) Australia 2-2, none 2 Cylindricaulus patalis (Lewis ) Japan 2-9, none 3 Passalinae Proculini Verres furcilabris (Esch. ) Trinidad 9-2) — 1 Episphenoides australasicus Perch. Australia 2-2 none 5 Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae Onthophagini Onthophagus browni Howden and Cartwright Arizona 1-0 none 3 Onthophagus hecate (Panz. ) South Dakota 1-0 none 2 Onthophagus striatulus striatulus ( Beauv. ) North Carolina 1-0 none 5 Onthophagus velutinus Horn Arizona 1-0 none 4 Oniticellini Oniticellus californicus Horn Oregon 1-0 none 2 Coprini Ateuchus histeroides (Web. ) North Carolina 1-0 none 4 Dichotomius colonicus (Say) Arizona 1-0 none 4 Phanaeus quadridens (Say ) Arizona 1-0 none 3 Phanaeus vindex Macl. Arizona 1-0 1 Copris arizonensis Schffr. Arizona 1-0 1 Copris lecontei Matthews Arizona 1-0 none 4 Scarabaeini Canthon indigaceus LeConte Arizona 1-0 none 3 Canthon imitator Brown Arizona 1-0 none 3 Canthon pilularius (L.) South Dakota 1-0 none 2 Glaphyrocanthon viridis (Beauv. ) North Carolina 1-0 none 4 Aphodiinae Aegialiini Aegialia blanchardi Horn Oregon 3-3 2-3 12 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 483 Table 1. (Continued ) Usual Vari- Spec- Number ation imens (left- ( per Exam- Group and Species Locality right ) side ) ined Aphodiini Aphodius fossor (L.) Oregon 7-7 none 10 Aphodius distinctus (Mull) Idaho 5-5 1 * Aphodius fimetarius (L.) Oregon 7-7 none 4 * Aphodius fimetarius (L.) Idaho 7-7 none 4 Aphodius coloradensis Horn Arizona 5-5 4-5 6 Aphodius denticulatus Hald. Oregon 5-5 none 0 Aphodius granarius (L.) Oregon 5-5 5-6 18 Aphodius lividus (Oliv. ) Arizona 5-5 1 Aphodius fucosus complex Idaho 6-6 none 2 Aphodius hirsutus Brown Oregon 6-6 5-6 4 Aphodius haemorrhoidalis (L.) Oregon ols none 18 Xeropsammodius desertus Van D. California 5-5 i! Eupariini Ataenius cognatus (LeConte ) New Mexico 3-3 none 3 Ataenius deserta Horn New Mexico - 1 Psammodiini Psammodius oregonensis Cartwr. Oregon 3-3 2-3 13 Trichiorhyssemus riparius (Horn) Arizona 2-2 none 5 Pleurophorus caesus (Creutz) Oregon 2-2 none Ochodaeinae Ochodaeus biarmatus LeConte New Mexico 6-6 none 2 Ochodaeus praesidii Bates Arizona 6-6 5-6 2 Ochodaeus simplex LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 2 Pseudochodaeus estriatus ( Sch.) Oregon 6-6 5-6 10 Geotrupinae Geotrupini Geotrupes splendidus ( Fab.) North Carolina 6-6 none 2 Mycotrupes gagei 01. and Hub. Florida 6-6 5-6 2 Peltotrupes profundus Howden Florida 6-6 5-6 2 Lethrini Lethrus lebedevi Sem. USSR 66 none 2 Bolboceratini Bolboceras obesum (LeConte ) Oregon 6-6 none 2 Bolborhombus carinatus ( Schffr. ) Arizona 6-6 5-6 2, *Eucanthus lazarus ( Fab.) Arizona 6-6 6-7 5 Pleocominae Pleocoma crinita Linsley Oregon variable 14-19 ia Pleocoma dubitabilis Davis Oregon variable 15-20 10 Pleocoma fimbriata LeConte Oregon 18-19 1 Pleocoma hirsuta Davis California 16-17 — 1 Pleocoma minor Linsley Oregon variable 16-19 3 Pleocoma oregonensis Leach Oregon variable 16-19 2 Pleocoma simi Davis Oregon variable 18-25 4 Glaphyrinae Lichnanthe rathvoni LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 1) Acanthocerinae Cloeotus globosus Say North Carolina 6-6 ——— 1 * Species whose ovariole numbers were listed by Robertson (1961). 484 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Table 1. (Continued ) Usual Vari- Spec- Number ation imens (left- (per Exam- Group and Species Locality right ) side) ined Troginae Glaresis clypeata Van Dyke Oregon 4-4 3-4 Uf Glaresis mendica Horn Arizona 4-4 none 3 Omorgus suberosus (Fab. ) Texas 3-3 none 2 Omorgus rubricans (Rob. ) Texas 3-3 1 Omorgus carinatus (Loomis ) New Mexico 3-3 i Omorgus monachus (Herbst) Texas 3-3 none 2 Omorgus fuliginosus (Rob. ) Texas 3-3 1 Omorgus asper (LeConte ) Texas 3-3 none 3 Omorgus tesselatus (LeConte ) Arizona 3-3 1 Omorgus texanus (LeConte ) Texas 3-3 — i Omorgus scutellaris (Say ) New Mexico 3-3 — 1 Trox scaber (L.) Oregon 6-6 1 Trox atrox LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 6 Trox s. spinulosus Rob. Texas 6-6 1 Trox foveicollis Harold Texas 6-6 1 Trox frontera Vaurie Texas 6-6 none 2 Trox sonorae LeConte New Mexico, 6-6 none 3 Arizona Trox robinsoni Vaurie Texas 6-6 none 5 Trox tuberculatus (DeG. ) Texas 6-6 none 2 Trox plicatus Rob. Arizona 6-6 none 6 Trox variolatus Melsh. Texas 6-6 none 3 Melolonthinae Sericini Serica curvata LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 2 Serica falcata Dawson Oregon 6-6 none 20 Serica sp. California 6-6 none 2 Melolonthini Diplotaxis swbangulata LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 3 Diplotaxis brevicollis (IeConte ) Oregon 6-6 none 2 Diplotaxis chiricahuae Fall Arizona 6-6 none 3 Diplotaxis boops Bates Arizona 6-6 1 Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte ) Idaho 6-6 none 6 Phyllophaga mucorea (1eConte ) California 6-6 none 4 Phyllophaga falsa (LeConte ) New Mexico 6-6 none 4 Phyllophaga disparilis (Horn) Arizona 6-6 1 Polyphylla decemlineata Say Arizona 6-6 none 3 Thyce herfordi Casey California 6-6 1 Pachydemini Phobetus mojavus Barrett California 6-6 none 2 Phobetus c. cornatus LeConte Oregon 6-6 none 2 Macrodactylini Macrodactylus uniformis Horn Arizona 6-6 none 4 Dichelonyx validus sulcatus (LeConte ) Arizona 6-6 none 4 Dichelonyx validus vicinus (Fall) Oregon 6-6 none 7 Hopliini Hoplia hirta LeConte Oregon 6-6 — 1 Hoplia oregona LeConte California 6-6 —— 1 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 485 Table 1. (Continued ) Usual Vari- Spec- Number ation imens (left- (per Exam- Group and Species Locality right ) side ) ined Rutelinae Anomalini Anomala hardyorum Potts California 6-6 — 1 Anomala nimbosa Casey Arizona 6-6 5-6 3 Anomala marginata (Fab. ) North Carolina 6-6 — 1 *Popillia japonica Newman North Carolina 6-6 6-6 6 Strigoderma arboricola ( Fab.) North Carolina 6-6 5-6 3 Rutelini Cotalpa consobrina Horn Arizona 12-12 —— 1 Macraspis lucida (01.) Mexico 6-6 oo 1 Paracotalpa deserta Saylor California 9-9 7-9 t55 Paracotalpa granicollis (Hald.) Oregon 12-12 11-12 4 Pseudocotalpa guilianii Hardy Nevada 6-6 none 4 Parastasia brevipes (LeConte ) North Carolina 6-6 none 4 Pelidnota punctata (L.) North Carolina 6-6 none 4 Plusiotis beyeri Skinner Arizona 6-6 none 2 Plusiotis gloriosa LeConte Arizona 6-6 none 5 Plusiotis lecontei Hom Arizona 6-6 1 Dynastinae Cyclocephalini Ancognatha manca LeConte Arizona 6-6 none 2 Coscinocephalus cribrifrons Arizona 6-6 1 ( Schffr. ) Cyclocephala dimidiata Burm. Arizona 6-6 none 4 Cyclocephala hirta LeConte Arizona 6-6 1 Dyscinetus obsoletus (LeConte ) New Mexico 6-6 none 2 Oryctini Anoplognatho dunnianus Riv. Arizona 6-6 —— 1 Bothynus gibbosus obsoletus LeConte New Mexico 6-6 5-6 5 Cheiroplatys clunalis (LeConte ) Arizona 6-6 none 3 Strategus cessus LeConte Arizona 6-6 none 2 Xyloryctes jamaciensis (Drwry ) Arizona 6-6 6-7 2 Dynastini Dynastes granti Horn Arizona 6-6 -— 1 Phileurini Phileurus illatus LeConte New Mexico 6-6 ~— 1 Cetoniinae Gymnetini Cotinis mutabilis G. & P. Arizona 12-12 11-14 4 Cetoniini Euphoria inda (L.) Idaho 12-12 11-12 2 Euphoria testacea Casey Arizona 12-12 9-12 6 Cremastocheilini Cremastocheilus armatus Walk. Washington 6-6 none 5 Trichiini Osmoderma eremicola Knoch Kentucky 12-12 —- 1 Trichiotinis affinis (G. & P.) North Carolina 6-6 5-6 2 Valgini Valgus canaliculatus (Fab. ) North Carolina 6-6 none 4 A486 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Pentalobus each had 2 ovarioles in each ovary. Reyes-Castillo and Ritcher (1973) found the same 2-2 condition in 11 other species of Passalidae, belonging to 8 genera and including representatives of both subfamilies. We have also found 2-2 ovarioles in several more passalids. (Table 1). It appears from the above observations that an ovariole number of 2-2 is probably constant throughout the family. This is a further in- dication of the compactness and uniformity of the group (Ritcher, 1966). Each ovariole produces several large eggs in succession. Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae (Fig. 4): Only a single ovary, with one ovariole on the left side, was found in all species examined. This condition is apparently the same for all members of the subfamily (Cooper, 1938; Srivastava, 1951; Robertson, 1961; Gupta and Kumar, 1963; and Edmonds, 1974) and is not known to occur in any other Scarabaeoidea. The single ovariole usually has from one to three conspicuous ova in various stages of development. Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae (Fig. 5, 7 and 18): A wide range of ovariole numbers was found in this group. Ovariole numbers of 2-2, 3-3, 5-5, 6-6, and 7-7 were encountered. In the tribe Aphodiini, ovar- iole numbers of 5-5, 6-6, and 7-7 were found. The tribes Aegialiini and Eupariini had 3-3 ovarioles. Ovariole numbers of 2-2 and 3-3 were found in the tribe Psammodiini. In each ovary, several or all of the ovarioles produce mature eggs at the same time. Scarabaeidae, Ochodaeinae (Fig. 8): A 6-6 ovariole number was found in Ochodaeus and Pseudochodaeus (Carlson and Ritcher, 1974). Like in the Geotrupinae, there was evidence of a sequential develop- ment of ova with only one mature egg being produced at a time. Pro- duction of a mature egg appeared to alternate from one ovary to the other and probably rotates among the ovarioles of each ovary. Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae (Fig. 6 and 20): All 7 genera surveyed had a 6-6 ovariole number. The ovaries were very similar to those of the Ochodaeinae and had the same pattern of staggered, sequential egg development. The ovarioles were often difficult to count because some were very small and all were enclosed in a common sheath. This is why Williams (1945) was uncertain about the ovariole number of Bolbocerosoma farctum (Fab.) and Eucanthus lazarus. Robertson (1961) misquoted him and stated incorrectly that these species had ovariole numbers of 1 and 1 (1-2) respectively. Scarabaeidae, Pleocominae (Fig. 1 and 2): Seven species of Ple- ocoma had from 14 to 25 ovarioles in each ovary. There was no usual number of ovarioles evident, contrary to Ritcher (1966) who reported 18 per side. Ten females of P. dubitabilis had ovariole numbers of 17-17, 19-20, 19-16, 18-16, 17-15, 17-16, 20-17, 20-17, 15-?, and 16-?. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 487 Fig. 1-8, dorsal views of female reproductive systems of Scarabaeoidea. 1, Pleocoma dubitabilis Davis. BC, bursa copulatrix; LO, lateral oviduct; MO, me- dian oviduct; OV, ovariole; SG, spermathecal gland; SP, spermatheca. 2, Pleocoma simi Leach. G, germarium. 3, Verres furcilabris (Esch.). 4, Oniticellus californi- cus Horn, G, germarium. 5, Trichorhyssemus riparius (Horn) (spermatheca not shown). 6, Bolboceras obesum (LeC.). 7, Aphodius granarius (L.). 8, Pseudo- chodaeus estriatus (Schaeffer). 488 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Fig. 9-15, female reproductive systems of Scarabaeoidea (all dorsal views ex- cept Fig. 11). 9, Lichnanthe rathvoni LeC.; 10, Paracotalpa deserta Saylor; 11, Euphoria inda (L.); 12, Dichelonyx validus vicinus Fall; 13, Glaresis clypeata Van Dyke; 14, Omorgus scutellaris Say; 15, Trox atrox LeC. Five females of P. crinita had ovariole numbers of 14-19, 15-17, 18-18, 18-16, and 19-17. Each ovarian tubule in Pleocoma usually produces 1 or 2 eggs depending upon the size of the female (Fig. 1). In P. simi, however, each ovariole appears to produce only a single egg (Fig. 2). PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 489 Fig. 16-21, cross sectional views of ovaries of Scarabaeoidea. 16, Sinodendron rugosum Mann.; 17, Anomala hardyorum Potts; 18, Aegialia blanchardi Horn; 19, Dichelonyx validus vicinus Fall; 20, Geotrupes splendidus (Fab.); 21, Cloeotus globosus Say. All ovarioles produce mature eggs at approximately the same time and most of them are laid spirally in a single group (Ellertson and Ritcher, 1959). In 6 of the 7 species of Pleocoma which were examined, the bases of the ovarioles in each ovary were attached to the short lateral ovi- duct at or near its apex (Fig. 1). In P. simi, ovaries were more elon- gate with the bases of many ovarioles attached along the sides of the lateral oviduct (Fig. 2). Scarabaeidae, Glaphyrinae (Fig. 9): Females of Lichnanthe have 6-6 ovarioles which produce their eggs at the same time. Each ovar- iole had 6 or more well developed ova. (Fig. 9). Scarabaeidae, Acanthocerinae (Fig. 21): Cloeotus, the only acantho- 490 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 cerine dissected, had 6-6 ovarioles, with the ova in each developing at the same time. It was necessary to make serial cross sections to be sure of the ovariole number since the ovarioles in each ovary were contained in a sheath (Fig. 21). Scarbaeidae, Troginae (Fig. 13, 14, and 15): Each genus of this subfamily had a different ovariole number. The 3-3 number of Omor- gus and the 6-6 number of Trox were first cited by Baker (1968) along with 16 additional characters to support the validity of Omorgus as a genus. Nine species of Omorgus had an ovariole number of 3. 3 (Fig. 14) and ten species of Trox (sensu strictu) had an ovariole number of 6-6 (Fig. 15). No variation in number was encountered for any species of either genus. Glaresis is the only genus of Scarabaeoidea known to have a 4-4 ovariole number. The female reproductive system resembles that of the Ochodaeinae and the Geotrupinae in that only one egg appears to develop at a time (Fig. 13). Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae (Fig. 12 and 19): Nine genera be- longing to 5 tribes had an ovariole number of 6-6. There was simul- taneous development of ova in all the ovarioles with each ovariole producing a number of eggs. Berberet and Helms (1972) gave an excellent account of the female reproductive system of Phyllophaga anxia. Menees (1963) found 6 ovarioles per side in Amphimallon majalis Razoum. Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae (Fig. 10 and 17): Females of 5 genera of Anomalini all had 6-6 ovarioles. Females of 5 genera of Rutelini also had 6-6 ovarioles (Fig. 10). A sixth genus of Rutelini (Cotalpa) had 12-12 ovarioles. In a seventh genus of Rutelini (Paracotalpa) one species had 12-12 ovarioles and a second species had 9-9 (Fig. 10). Ova develop simultaneously in the ovarioles of the Rutelinae. Scarabaeinae, Dynastinae: Eleven genera, belonging to 4 tribes, had 6-6 ovarioles. Gruner (1968), however, observed that Phyllog- nathus silenus F. (tribe Oryctini) usually had 11 or 12 ovarioles per side. Dissection of 323 ovaries indicated that the number of ovarioles ranged from 8-12. We found that each ovariole usually had 3 ova developing at the same time and all ovarioles were functional at the same time. Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae (Fig. 11): Two basic ovariole numbers were found in this group, 6-6 and 12-12. The 6-6 number was found in 3 species, each belonging to a different genus and each in a dif- ferent tribe (Cremastocheilini, Trichiini and Valgini). The 12-12 number was found both in the Cetoniini (Fig. 11) and in the Trichiini. CONCLUSIONS Any conclusion as to the number of ovarioles in the ancestral form which gave rise to the Scarabaeoidea would be premature at this PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 49] time. More information about ovariole numbers in the Dascilloidea, thought to be close relatives by Boving and Craighead (1931) and by Crowson (1960 and 1971), would be helpful. This study suggests that the number of ovarioles in most forms studied represents a derived condition closely associated with egg laying habits and other peculiarities of each species’ biology. The basic ovariole number in Scarabaeoidea appears to be 6-6. The fact that this number often occurs among both Lucanidae and Scarabaeidae indicates that the two families are closely related and much less closely related to the Passalidae. Subfamilies of the Scarabaeidae in which 6-6 ovarioles occur, without exception, are the Ochodaeinae, Geo- trupinae, Acanthocerinae and Melolonthinae. The 6-6 number is also common in most Dynastinae, in many Rutelinae and Cetoniinae, in Trox and in several Aphodiinae. Reductions from the 6-6 number of ovarioles are found in all Pas- salidae (2-2), some Troginae (3-3, 4-4), and most Aphodiinae (2-2, 3-3, 5-5). In several subfamilies of Scarabaeidae where provisioning is the rule, 2 other kinds of reduction have occurred. In the Geotrupinae and Ochodaeinae the 6-6 ovariole condition still remains but only one egg is developed on each side at a time, with development alter- nating between the 2 ovaries. The most extreme reduction of the ovaries found in provisioners is found in the Scarabaeinae. They have lost all the ovarioles except for a single one on the left side. The 12-12 ovariole number found in some Lucanidae, Rutelinae, Cetoniinae and at least one species of Dynastinae is difficult to ex- plain since it is more common in genera considered more highly specialized. It is probably a secondary adaptation that has arisen in- dependently several times by a doubling of the 6-6 number. The 9-9 number found in one species of Rutelinae probably represents a reduction from the 12-12 condition found in another species in the same genus (Paracotalpa). The large, variable number of ovarioles found in Pleocoma may represent a primitive rather than a specialized condition. If so, this is one more bit of evidence that Pleocoma is a relict form. The Passalidae are quite different in many respects from the other Scarabaeoidea (Ritcher, 1969) and appear to be quite specialized by possessing only two ovarioles per side. This same number seems to be characteristic for the whole family since examination of a num- ber of genera has shown no deviation. In groups with few ovarioles, either only a few large eggs develop per individual or each ovariole produces a comparatively large num- ber of eggs. In Pleocoma which has a large number of ovarioles, each of the ovarioles produces only 1 or 2 eggs in some species and only 1 egg in at least one species (P. simi). 492, PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 In Glaresis, Cloeotus, Geotrupinae, and Ochodaeinae, each ovary has an outer sheath which makes it difficult to determine the number of ovarioles. In many other Scarabaeidae, immature ovaries are also enveloped in a sheath early in their development. Later, as the ovar- ioles develop, however, the sheath disappears leaving the ovarian tubules distinctly separated (Berberet and Helms, 1972). In some Cetoniinae, the ovarioles are distinctly separated even in the im- mature ovaries of newly transformed adults. Generally the number of ovarioles was quite constant in species with 7 or fewer ovarioles in each ovary. Species with 6-6 ovarioles occasionally had 5 or 7 on one side, those with 5-5 occasionally had 4 or 6. In some species having 12-12 ovarioles, such as Sinodendron rugosum, one ovary with 11 ovarioles occurs infrequently. Several cetoniine species having 12-12 ovarioles had a variation of from 9 to 14 ovarioles. In Pleocoma, which had the largest number of ovarioles, there was no usual number. Ten P. dubitabilis females, had from 15 to 20 ovarioles in each ovary with an average number of 17.2. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was made possible by the generous assistance of the persons and institutions listed. We express our thanks for collection or identification of material and other favors to the following individuals: Gary Alpert, University of Washington, Seattle; Lauren Anderson, University of California, Berkeley; P. B. Carne, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia; David Carlson, James Fuxa, Fred Rickson, David Roubik, Loren Russell, Oregon State University, Corvallis; Ken- neth Cooper, University of California, Riverside; James Cornell, Lees McRay College, Banner Elk, North Carolina; W. D. Edmonds, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Robert Gordon, USNM, Washington, D.C.; Rocky Hammond, Salem, Oregon; Alan Hardy, State Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, Cali- fornia; Frank Hovore, Placerita Canyon Nature Study Center, Newhall, California; Hugh B. Leech, California Academy of Science, San Francisco; Mutsuo Miyatoki, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; G. V. Nikolajev, Institute of Plant Pro- tection, Alma-Ata, USSR; R. D. Pope, British Museum (Natural History), Lon- don; Pedro Reyes-Castillo, Naucalpan, Mexico; R. B. Roberts, Rutgers University, New Jersey; Vincent Roth, SWRS, American Museum of Natural History, Portal, Arizona; Jerry Rozen, American Museum of Natural History, New York; E. Schlinger, University of California, Berkeley; Niilo Virkki, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras; R. Westcott, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem; and Robert Zwick, Mid-Columbia Experiment Station, Hood River, Oregon. We are also indebted to Bonny Hall, illustrator, for inking the drawings and Lee Ryker for preparing serial sections. REFERENCES Arnett, R. H. Jr. 1968. The beetles of the United States (a manual for identi- fication). Amer. Entomol. Inst., Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A. 1112 p. Baker, C. W. 1968. Larval taxonomy of the Troginae in North America with PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 493 notes on biologies and life histories (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). USNM Bull. 279:1-79. Baker, W. V. 1973. The genitalia of three species of Pentalobus (Col: Pas- salidae). J. Nat. Hist. 7:435—440. Balduf, W. W. 1964. Numbers of ovarioles in the heteroptera. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 66(1) :2-5. Berberet, R. C. and T. J. Helms. 1972. Comparative anatomy and _ histology of selected systems in larval and adult Phyllophaga anxia (Coleoptera: Scar- abaeidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65(5):1026—1053. Blackith, R. E. and R. M. Blackith. 1969. Variation of shape and of discrete anatomical characters in the morabine grasshoppers. Aust. J. Zool. 17:697-718. Boving, A. G. and F. C. Craighead. 1931. An illustrated synopsis of the prin- cipal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomol. Amer. 11(N.S.) (1-4): 1-351. Carlson, D. C. and P. O. Ritcher. 1974. A new genus of Ochodaeinae and a description of the larva of Pseudochodaeus estriatus (Schaeffer). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 50(2):98—109. Cooper, R. H. 1938. Notes on the internal anatomy of Canthon laevis (Coleop.: Scarab.). Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 12:461—466. Crowson, R. A. 1960. The phylogeny of Coleoptera. Annual Rev. of Entomol. 5: 111-134. 1971. Observations on the superfamily Dascilloidea (Coleop- tera: Polyphaga). With the inclusion of Karumiidae and Rhipiceridae. Zool. Jr. of the Linn. Soc. 50(1):11-19. Edmonds, W. D. 1974. Internal anatomy of Coprophanaeus lancifer (1L.). Int. J. Insect Morph. and Embryol. 3. In Press. Ellertson, F. E. and P. O. Ritcher. 1959. Biology of rain beetles, Pleocoma spp., associated with fruit trees in Wasco and Hood River counties, Oregon. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 44:1—42. Gruner, L. 1968. Contribution a l’étude de lovogenése d’un dynastide, Phyl- lognathus silenus F. essai préliminaire de chimiosterilisation. Ann. Epiphyties 19( 2) :267-304. Gupta, A. K. D. and R. Kumar. 1963. Morphology and histology of the female reproductive organs of some beetles (Coleoptera). Indian J. of Entomol. 25(2): 147-160. Halffter, G. and E. G. Matthews. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomol. Mex. 12-14:1-312. Kamm, J. A. and P. O. Ritcher. 1972. Rapid dissection of insects to determine ovariole development. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65(1):271—-274. Menees, J. H. 1963. The embryonic and postembryonic homologies of insect genitalia as revealed in the development of the male and female reproductive systems of the European chafer, Amphimallon majalis Razoumowski (Coleop- tera: Scarabaeidae). Cornell U. Memoir 381:1—59. Reyes-Castillo, P. 1970. Coleoptera, Passalidae. Morfolgia y divisién en grandes grupes; géneros americanos. Folia Entomol. Mex. 20—22:1-240. , and P. O. Ritcher. 1973. Ovariole number in Passalidae (Co- leoptera). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 75(4):478—479. 494 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Ritcher, P. O. 1966. White grubs and their allies, a study of North American scarabaeoid larvae. Oregon State Univ. studies in Entomol. 4:1—219. 1969. Morphology of the posterior procoxal bridges in Scar- abaeoidea (Coleoptera). Coleopt. Bull. 23(4):89-92. Robertson, F. W. 1957. Studies in quantitative inheritance. X. Genetic vari- ation of ovary size in Drosophila. J. Genet. 55:410-443. Robertson, J. G. 1961. Ovariole numbers in Coleoptera. Canad. J. of Zool. 39 :245-263. Srivastava, P. D. 1951. Occurrence of unpaired ovary in Onitis distinctus Lans. Curr. Sci., Bangalore 21:105. Stein, F. 1847. Vergleichende Anatomie und Physiologie der Insekten. I. Die weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane der Kifer. Duncker und Humblot, Berlin. Tessier, G. 1963. Evolution of the mean ovariole number in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. 11th Entomol. Cong. Genet. 1:168 ( Abstract). Uvarov, B. P. 1966. Grasshoppers and locusts, a handbook of general acridology. 1:1-481. Cambridge Univ. Press. Williams, J. L. 1945. The anatomy of the internal genitalia of some coleoptera. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 47(1):73-91. A NEW GENUS AND SUBFAMILY OF NORTH AMERICAN HEPTAGENIIDAE (EPHEMEROPTERA)'* GrorcE F, EDMUNDs, JR. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and STEVEN L. JENSEN Department of Life Sciences, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65802 ABSTRACT—A new subfamily, genus and species of Heptageniidae (Ephemer- optera) is based upon larvae collected in Georgia, Wisconsin and Indiana. Descrip- tions of the larva of Spinadis wallacei, n. gen., n. sp., of the subfamily Spinadinae, n. subfam., are provided with notes on the biology. In June, 1973, larvae of a remarkable new carnivorous Heptageniidae were discovered within a two-week period in Georgia and Wisconsin. In June, 1974, two additional larvae were discovered in Indiana (A. V. Provonsha and W. P. McCafferty, personal communication). The structure of the gills and the fact that the larvae were carnivores sug- gested that they might be assignable as a new genus in the subfamily Anepeorinae. However, the primitive shape of the head capsule and labrum, the fact that the terminal filament is apparently absent, and differences in the other mouthparts indicate that it is not closely related to Anepeorus. The larvae are, in fact, so distinctive that it was uncertain at first to what family they belonged. However, the incipient wing venation is clearly heptageniid. We therefore pro- pose a new subfamily, Spinadinae, for this genus. When more larvae are available, details of the internal anatomy should allow it to be placed more precisely in the family. In addition, discovery of the adult and comparison with much needed adults of Anepeorus should further clarify the phylogenetic position. A dorsal view illustration of a whole larva will be published by Edmunds, Jensen and Berner (in press). Drawings of gills, mouth- parts and other structures are planned for a manuscript in preparation by Jensen and Edmunds. Subfamily SPINADINAE, n. subfam. Genus Spinadis Edmunds and Jensen, n. gen. Mature larvae.—Lengths: body 9; caudal filaments 9 mm. Head capsule 1.1— 1.2 times as wide as long; anterior margin evenly convex, without setae; lateral ‘Reseach upon which this paper is based was supported by a National Science Foundation Research Grant; George F. Edmunds, Jr., Principal Investigator. 495 496 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 margins straight, without setae; posterior margin straight to concave medially, without setae. Eyes of female extending to postero-lateral angle; eyes of male extending beyond postero-lateral angle. Mouthparts adapted for predation. Left mandible with incisors serrate, well developed, subequal in length, outer incisor with 3 denticles, inner incisor with 5 or more small spines; lacinia consist of tuft of setae; molar region reduced to row of long setae. Right mandible similar in shape to left mandible. Maxillae with armature on galea-lacinia consisting of a row of setae, two large blade-like spines and a triad of spines at the apex; palpi long and slender, basal segment about % as long as apical segment, sparsely setaceous. Labium with glossae about 2% times as long as wide; paraglossae about 2 times as long as wide; basal segment of palpi broad, about as wide as long; distal segment longer, about as wide as glossae and paraglossae; apical and lateral surfaces of paraglossae and labial palpi with numerous setae. Pronotum widest near mid-length, lateral margins with few setae; posterior margin broadly and shallowly emarginate; a pair of prominent submedial tuber- cles near middle. Mesonotum with pair of prominent submedian tubercles in posterior 4. Metanotum with pair of finger-like decumbent tubercles (erect in young larvae); weakly developed tubercle on posterior margin. Legs long and slender, about as long as body; fore legs with only scattered setae; posterior margin of femora with partial row of setae, apex of each femur with thumb-like apical projection; tibiae 1144 times as long as femora; tarsi % as long as femora; claws with small slender basal denticle. Abdominal segments 1-9 with blunt postero-lateral projections and acute me- dian tubercle on posterior margins. Gills on abdominal segment one inserted latero-ventrally; gills on segments 2-3 inserted ventrally, lamellae reduced to slender lanceolate structures, fibrilliform portion large; gills on segments 4-6 progressively less ventral, fibrilliform portion progressively smaller, lamellae pro- gressively broader; gills on segment 7 inserted laterally, fibrilliform portion about Ys as long as lamella, lamellae about *4 as broad as long, about 114 times as long as tergum 7. Two caudal filaments with long setae on mesal sides in basal %4; terminal filament vestigial. Etymology.—An arbitrary combination of letters, suggested by the spiny larvae; feminine. Type-species.—Spinadis wallacei Edmunds and Jensen, n. sp. Spinadis wallacei Edmunds and Jensen, n. sp. Mature larvae—Lengths: body 9; caudal filaments 9 mm. General color: pale yellowish brown with darker medium brown markings. Head pale with medium to dark brown stripe extending to and across lateral edges of labrum; pair of more or less obsolescent brown stripes extending from near bases of an- tennae and meeting at midline near base of labrum (forming a dark V); pair of brown stripes on vertex, encompassing tubercles. Thorax light brown, postero- lateral areas darker brown; mesonotal scutellum medium brown with wide pale stripe at bases of wing pads, two-toned pale V-shaped area on mesonotum with lighter area mesally; mesonotal tubercles dark brown. Metanotum light yellow- ish brown. Legs light yellowish brown with medium brown to light fuscous markings; fore femora with broad dark band near mid-length, this band_pro- gressively more obsolescent on middle and hind legs; anterior edge with nar- PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 497 row dark stripe; apex of femora darker dorsally; tibiae with very broad dark band extending from near mid-length to 54 length of segment; tarsi pale; claws pale basally, apical 2 dark. Abdominal terga brown, with pair of distinct submedian stripes on segments 1-8; lateral margins pale except for medium brown postero-lateral corners (in some young specimens the median area 3—4 and 8-9 are fuscous, much darker than other segments). Sterna 5-7 pale, with medium brown chevron-shaped mark formed by pair of stripes extending from near antero-lateral corner to midline of posterior margin; pair of darker submedian spots within this chevon- shaped mark; lateral of these are pair of diagonal streaks which extend anteriorly into pale areas; chevron-shaped mark progressively paler and less extensive on anterior segments, making segment one almost wholly pale, markings obsolescent on segments 2-3; segments 8-9 with chevron-shaped marks more extensive, merging with darker corners, making sterna wholly medium brown except pale antero-median triangle; sternum 10 mostly pale with medium brown lateral mar- gins. Gill lamellae medium to dark brown in basal %%, pale apically. Cerci pale with broad medium brown band near mid-length. Holotype.—Nearly mature male larva, Georgia: Toombs Co., Al- tamaha Riv. at U. S. Hwy. 1, 5-VI-1973, B. Wallace, deposited Uni- versity of Utah. Two Paratopotypes, same data. One Paratopotype, same locality, 2-V-1973 (Florida A and M University ). The four larvae from Wisconsin (Richland Co., Wisconsin Riv., 23- VI-1973, W. Flowers, two larvae, and same locality, W. L. Hilsenhoff, 2 larvae) are similar to those from Georgia. There are differences in the shape of the spines and in the intensity of the color pattern. They are either the same or a similar species. The extremely long legs of the larvae should be reflected in the legs of the adult. If the larval color pattern is carried over into the adult, they should be quite dis- tinctive. We have not examined the Indiana specimens, but the draw- ing of the larva to be published will be made from one of the Indiana specimens. The known biology of the genus Spinadis is scanty but all specimens were collected from large rivers in rather swift current. The Georgia specimens were all collected by drift nets in water over 10 feet deep. The Wisconsin specimens were taken from water about 5 feet deep after the river had dropped, and the Indiana specimens were collected from a log at a 2 foot depth in the White River. The unknown adults probably emerge in late June or early July. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are extremely grateful to Dr. Bruce Wallace, University of Georgia, for his kindness in providing specimens. Dr. W. L. Hilsenhoff and Mr. W. Flowers, University of Wisconsin, graciously loaned us their specimens for examination, and Mr. Arwin Provonsha and Dr. W. P. McCafferty, Purdue University, kindly informed us of the Indiana record. 498 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASHINGTON, 76(4), DECEMBER, 1974 Index to New Taxa, Vol. 76 apegiensis Harbach ( Mesograpta), 31 apiophaga Loan (Microctonus ), 186 astrella Hull and Martin (Neodiplo- campta), 342 Avidovapsis Gerson and Davidson, 159 benhami Price (Pomerantzia), 425 bifida Zuska (Themira), 190 bradleyi Triplehorn (Pechalius), 73 brasiliana Hull and Martin ( Neodiplo- campta), 331 caenosus Burger (Tabanus), 3 carlsoni Lewis (Stenonema), 347 cherriei Price (Geomydoecus ), 43 Costitachys Erwin, 128 dearborni Smith (Phloeomyzus), 67 floridense Lewis (Stenonema), 350 fordi Gordon (Aphodius), 455 garaguaya Hull and Martin ( Neodiplo- campta), 333 howdeni Smith ( Zadiprion), 416 inornatus Anderson (Smicronyx ), 370 inusitatus Erwin (Costitachys), 130 japonica Zuska (Themira), 194 jessiae Peters and Harrison ( Terpides), 179 Konoglyphus Delfinado and Baker, 200 krombeini Hull and Martin ( Neodiplo- campta), 329 laurella Hull and Martin campta), 345 lipovskyii Smith (Nematus), 205 maculicorium Maldonado-Capriles (Mel- anopleurus ), 28 ( Neodiplo- masoni Husband ( Locustacarus ), 52 Neotachys Erwin, 130 mexicanus Delfinado and Baker ( Kono- glyphus), 202 miranda Hull and Martin (Neodiplo- campta), 335 mirella Hull and campta ), 337 mockfordi Stannard ( Atractothrips), 45 mogollon Burger (Tabanus), 8 painteri Hull and Martin (Neodiplo- campta), 343 parafasciatus Anderson 368 parvus White ( Euceratocerus ), 461 perplexus Baker and Delfinado (Pseu- dotydeus ), 447 phippsi Eveleigh and Threlfall ( Austro- menopon ), 270 phoenicis Gerson and Davidson ( Avido- vaspis), 159 Pseudotydeus Baker and Delfinado, 444 quinquespinum Lewis (Stenonema), 353 roteus Smith (Zadiprion), 416 rufovittatus Anderson (Smicronyx), 371 sadadus Smith (Monoctenus), 414 setzeri Price (Geomydoecus ), 41 simplicica Greenbaum (Skelosyzygonia), 61 sonorae Berry (Cryptadius), 175 spangleri Beaver (Sepedon), 86 Spinadis Edmunds and Jensen, 495 Stenacron Jensen, 225 triplehorni Berry (Cryptadius), 172 ushoensis Anderson (Smicronyx), 367 wallacei Edmunds and Jensen (Spina- dis), 496 Martin (Neodiplo- ( Smicronyx ), PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Information for Contributors Publication in the Proceedings is reserved for members only. 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Acceptance of papers is based only on their scientific merit without regard to the author’s financial support. CONTENTS (Continued from front cover) KURCZEWSKI, F. E. and C. J. LANE.—Observations on the nesting be- havior of Mimesa (Mimesa) basirufa Packard and M. (M.)_ cressonii Packard (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae ) MAIN, A. J., Jr. and R. C. WALLIS.—Primary records of two vertebrate ectoparasites in New England (Acarina: Argasidae and_ Diptera: Milichiidae ) MENKE, A. S.—The correct name for a common North American Trypoxylon wasp (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) - PRICE, D. W.—Notes on the genus Pomerantzia Baker, with a description of a second species from California (Acarina: Pomerantziidae ) RADOVSKY, F. J. and J. M. TENORIO.—‘“New synonymy” versus “New synonym” RITCHER, P. O. and C. W. BAKER.—Ovariole numbers in Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Lucanidae, Passalidae, Scarabaeidae ) SCARBROUGH, A. G.—A faunistic study of Asilidae (Diptera) at three locations in northern Baltimore County, Maryland: Incidence, relative abundance and seasonal distribution SHAFFER, J. C.—A synonymic catalogue of the genera of Anerastiinae (Auctorum) and Peoriinae of the World (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae ) SMITH, D. R.—Conifer sawflies, Diprionidae: Key to North American genera, checklist of World species, and new species from Mexico (Hymenoptera ) SNELLING, R. R.—Changes in the status of some North American Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae ) STEWART, S. and R. H. FOOTE.—An unusual infestation by Phaenicia sericata (Mg.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) WHITE, R. E.—Taxonomic notes on North American Anobiidae with a new species (Coleoptera) - WHITE, R. E. and H. S. BARBER.—Nomenclature and definition of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsh.), and of E. fasciata Blatchley (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae ) WHITEHEAD, D. 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