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Gj>"" "PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
EN TOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
WASHINGTON
VoLuME 28
SQOQilan iS] >
. Y\e~ fis
PuBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY fn ;
WASHINGTON, D. C. co “Wy
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SPIRAL Fier
ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION OF VOLUME 28.
Number I—pages 1-24 inclusive .......... Fanuary 30, 1926.
Number 2—pages 25-52 iuelusive> Bt eee oe February 26, 1926.
Number 3—pages 53-70 inclusive ......... March 27, 1926.
Number 4—pages 71-94 inclusive ......... April 21, 1926.
Number 5—pages 95-114 inclusive . . . ...... Fune 4, 1926.
Number 6—pages 115-150 inclusive ........ Fune 28, 1926.
Number 7—pages 151-166 inclusive ........ October 12, 1926.
Number 8—pages 167-190 inclusive ........ December 15, 1926.
Number 9—pages 191-222, I-IV inclusive ..... Fanuary 15, 1927.
PRESS OF
H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc.
WasuincTon, D. C.
[ii]
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28
Avpricn, J. M.: Notes on Hypochaeta and related Genera of Muscoid
Hies (Diptera) Meme een chk FSS caer Gene naan 2 ce Reet. te
Back, E. A.; and Corron, R. T.: Anthrenus Seminiveus Casey (Cole-
ane) SLM co. cote ae a ce Sethe oe) clk oe
Barber, H. S.: A New Cotton Weevil from Per Cay Ret eee, Touhy een
Barnes, Wn., and Benjamin, F. H.: New U. S. Lepidoptera records
win NOYES! LNG Gs Choe ea eh ee ee AS
A Resumé of the Works of jacob Hiibner in regard to the
Nomenclature employed therein . ..... wi SO Ae va
BENJAMIN, Molt. andJBARWES) WiM.2 s0i0.0 5. a 4 fo Sees ee
BiaIsDELL, Frank E.: A New Melanastus from Texas (Coleoptera:
ES atenidac) mae: At a ey ae see fhe. 3 Eick ee amg
Bovine, Apam G.: Immature Stages of Buulechvepe gossypii Barber, with
comments on the Classification of the Tribe Zygopsini (Coleoptera:
Curculionidac) us ce eee eee eer t YMC, WARE ee A ee
Bucuanan, L. L.: A New Otiorhynchid mith Peale tarsal claw (Cole-
eptera) PC ar ar eee is Ron. ee coe AERP
Caupe.t, A. N.: Melanoplus Borealis in New York State (Orthoptera:
A CHIGIC Ze) ene a A Rate hs ROMP Reese WR, Ro 11 8 ng ee eb ah by
A New species of Stone Cricket from Arkansas (Orthoptera:
diettigzonidde;sRhaphidephornac) eee Go) eee
Diestrammena occurring in wells (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae) .
CuirrenDeN, F. H.: A Foreign Cabbage Flea-beetle in the United States .
Two New Species of Attelabus with notes (Coleoptera). . .
CockerELL, T. D. A.: A Fossil Orthopterous insect formerly referred to
NMC com neuam peace tat ce ieee wh cca cee ng hanes > 3 a
The genus Dixa in Colorado (Diptera: Dixidae). . . ...
OOUTON, Ika elepanicl BS AGKAUE AR I eek ogg) a) ee ee ae bee
Crawrorb, J. C.: North American Bees of the genus Panurginus. . . .
Crossy, C. R.: Some Arachnids from the Carlsbad Cave of New Mexico .
Crus, S. E.: The Bronzed Cutworm (Nephelodes emmedonia Cramer)
(Eepidepteta)’ $ Jatt ie ee ep. oe Ee eee
Cusuman, R. A.: Location of Individual Hosts versus Systematic rela-
tion of Hosts Species as a determining factor in parasitic attack .
—— —— Address of Retiring President: Some types of Parasitism
amongutnelichneumonidacsss sarees nlite aan ene
A New Urosigalphus parasite on Eulechriops gossypii Barber
(Eiymenoptera:. Braconidae) Wr.y.5 6 eee ee ee ee
Dozter, H. L.: Some New Porto Rican Scale Parasites (Hymenoptera:
Bneuptidae) . Ase cnnbs ute Saas ee eee ee sl ea
Ewinc, H. E.: Some recent generic Derivatives of the mallophagan
genus Philopterus Nitzsch (Philopteridae) .. . .......2...
Bismer, W.. 'S.2 New @actusubectles =. 5-0 6 2. 2 nee os ks kek
143
64
53
16
179
25
63
D7
Fouts, Ropert M.: Notes on Serphoidae with descriptions of New Species
(Elymenoptefa) . ..2 . sn ae foe). s.r ne
Ganan, A. B.: Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch) Erroneously recorded from
Japan (Hymenoptera) . . 2. 6. ws es se
— A New Egg-Parasite (Hymenoptera: Serphoidae). ... .
Hernricu, Cart: A New Coleophora from New York (Lepidoptera:
Coleophoridae). _ Wavsac ania horaeiegate ce aceite) ete) on) 8, oe ee
Horrman, Wo. A.: Notes on Ceratopogoninae (Diptera). . .
McArtee, W. L.: Insect Taxonomy: Preserving a Sense of Proportion. .
Nomina Conservanda from the Standpoint of the Taxonomist .
Mann, W. M.: Three New Termitophilous Beetles from British Guiana .
Rouwer, S. A.: Remarks on the Name of one of our common Yellow-
Mackets! «6 S72, s~-5 enon Strapon mt or er ee os aed oe
Description of a new Braconid Parasite of Artona Catoxantha
(Hyaenoptera)). i .. (cap och earn ch) o Uehiro eee ws
Sr. Georce, R. A.: Taxonomic Studies of the Larvae of the genera a lene
brio and Neatus Le Conte (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) .... .
ScHarrFrer, Cuas.: New species of Boloschesis (=Chlamys) with notes on
known species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Fulcidacinae). . . . .
Scnaus, W.: A New Satyrid from China (Lepidoptera). .......
Scuwarz, E. A.: Condition of the Coleopterous Collection of the National
IMuseumiin 1906") hh. Secret ee en oe ceeceee on tet ce eRe
SHANNON, Raymonp C.: The occurrence of an American Genus in Europe
and a European Genus in America (Diptera: Syrphidae; Sepsidae) .
Synopsis of the American Calliphoridae (Diptera). . . .. .
Snyper, Tuos. E.: Five New Termites from Panama and Costa Rica. .
Change of Name in Tsoptera i... 43 fon ae eee
Taxanasul, Ryorcut: The Aphids of Myzocallis infesting the Bamboo. .
[iv]
167
156
189
151
NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS.
Catalogue of the Buprestidae of North America, North of
Mexico, W. F. Chamberlin, published by W. F. Chamberlin,
1926.—A very complete catalogue of the Coleopterous family
Buprestidae. Contains a list of the genera arranged alpha-
betically, the type species of each genus, the species arranged
alphabetically under each genus with references to literature
arranged chronologically, type locality, distribution, host plants
and season found. There is also a list of authors and titles of
articles relating to both recent and fossil species.
The work appears: to be carefully and thoroughly done and
the catalogue will be invaluable to any one working on this
interesting and economically important family of beetles. Mr.
Chamberlin deserves a great deal of credit for publishing such
a work at his own expense.
—H. E. Burke.
VOL. 28 JANUARY, 1926 No. 1
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS wy
BARNES, WM. AND BENJAMIN, F. H.—NEW U. S. LEPIDOPTERA RECORDS
WAN OLE S Memes § OMAN AB Saito, Rey Ge > ~
Augate 115
Sept., 1923, identified by comparison with the Biologia figure
and also sent Mr. Schaus as a check for comparison with his
Mexican series.
The species is closer to pi/acho than to cordova. From the
former it is easily differentiated because of having a distinct
oblique dark shade from the costa, between the t. a. line and
the orbicular, to the t. p. line at and below vein 2. NV. cordova
has the ground color paler and brighter, is less heavily powdered,
and has the medial region above vein 2, except for the ordinary
spots, filled with slate color.
=Achaea ablunaris Guenée.
Ophisma ablunaris Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., III), 1852, p. 237.
Achaea ablunaris Hampson, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vol. 12, 1913, p. 538, text
fig. 125.
Described from Columbia. Hampson is presumably correct
in listing restituta Walker (Cat. B. M., vol. 14, p. 1366) from St.
Domingo and Venezuela, indistincta Walker (Cat. B. M., vol.
33, p. 1009) from Bogota and hilaris Moeschler (Abh. Senck.
Ges., vol. 16, p. 202) from Porto Rico, as synonyms.
A single specimen, identified by Schaus, from Brownsville,
Texas, is in the Barnes Collection.
Ophisma tropicalis Guenée.
Ophisma tropicalis Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., IIT), 1852, p. 238.—
Felder, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reis. Nov., 1874, pl. 116, fig. 14.—Hamp-
son, Cat. Lep. Phal. B. M., vol. 12, 1913, p. 544.
Described from Brazil, Cuba and Columbia. The Barnes
collection contains a male from Esper Ranch, Brownsville,
Tex. (probably collected by Mr. Jacob Doll) and a female from
San Benito, Texas, neither specimen dated. The two speci-
mens are quite different in superficial appearance, color, and
intensity of maculation, but the course of the lines is identical
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926 19
in both. Hampson lists crocimacula Guenée (Noct. III, p. 239),
detrahens Walker (C. B. M., vol. 14, p. 1368), /utetplaga Walker
(l. c., 1369), confundens Walker (1. c., 1372), stigmatifera Walker
(l. c., 1387), fugiens Walker (1. c., 1387) and morbillosa Felder,
Felder and Rogenhofer (Reis. Nov., pl. 116, fig. 15) in the
synonymy. We do not know how many of these names can
be saved as forms.
Mr. Schaus is responsible for the identification of our pair as
tropicalis. He notes, “very variable species.”
Cutina inquieticolor Dyar.
Taseopteryx inquieticolor Dyar, Ins. Insc. Menst., vol. 10, 1922, p. 169.
Described from material furnished by Mr. Fred Marloff from
Stemper, Hillsboro Co., Florida. The insect is not a Taseop-
teryx (Erastriinae), differing on wing-shape, habitus and tuft-
ings. The mid tibiae are spined, throwing the insect into the
Catocalinae where it seems to fit well into the genus Cutina
Walker (albopunctella Walker type and only other known
species).
Thanks are due to Mr. Marloff for the donation of one of the
types of inquieticolor. We have another specimen from Green-
ville, Mississippi (Geo. Dorner), so that the species will probably
be found throughout the Gulf Strip division of the Lower
Austral-faunal zone.
Zale sabena Schaus.
Homoptera sabena Schaus, Ann. Mag. N. H. (7), vol. 8, 1901, p. 42.
A single specimen is in the Barnes Collection from Palmerlee,
Cochise Co., Ariz. This has been compared with the type in
the U. S. National Museum by both Schaus and Benjamin.
Panula(?) scindens Walker.
Ophiusa scindens Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., vol. 15, 1858, p. 1829.
Poaphila ordinans Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., vol. 15, 1858, p. 1837.
Scindens was described from a single male and ordinans
from two females, all from St. Domingo (Tweedie).
Twenty-three specimens are in the Barnes Collection from
Brownsville and San Benito, Texas, April, May, June and Aug.,
six of these being labeled “Geo. Dorner.”
The identification and synonymy is the work of Mr. Schaus,
who also informs us that there is a specimen in the Brooklyn
Museum from Brownsville, Texas.
The insect does not fit well into the genus Panula (type
inconstans). While a member of the Erebinae by the position
of vein 5 of the hind wing, in habitus it is closer to [sogona
(type natatrix Guenée) to which we sink Parora (type texana
20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926
Smith); and appears to be in reality a member of that inter-
mediate group between the Erebinae and the Deltoids which
Smith termed Pseudodeltoids.
Euclystis sytis Guenée.
Focilla sytis Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., IT), 1852) sp. S33.
Described from Brazil. A specimen is in the Barnes Collec-
tion from Corpus Christi, Texas, identified by Mr. Schaus.
The genotype of Euclystis is centurialis.
Euclystis guerini Guenée.
Focilla guerini Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., IID), 1852, p:'334.—
Boisduval and Guenée, Spec. Gen., Atlas, vol. 5-7, 1858, pl. 23, fig. 12.
Described from two males, ‘‘Campéche,” collections “ Guérin-
Menneville and M. N.” The Boisduval and Guenée figure 1s
apparently not taken from one of the types, being that of a
female.
A single specimen, Brownsville, Texas, March 11 (Geo.
Dorner), is in the Barnes Collection, having been identified by
Mr. Schaus.
Lois lorina Druce.
Polia lorina Druce, Proc.*Zool. Soc. Lond., 1890, p. 515.
Catocala juanita Schaus, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, 1894, p. 241.
One specimen labeled ‘‘ K. W. Fla.” is in the Barnes Collection,
probably from a dealer, and may be a trapical specimen wrongly
labeled. The name should not be added to our lists, but the
“record” is published for what it may be worth, and the species
should be looked for in Southern Florida.
For the purpose of those who persist in adding species to U. S.
lists on the strength of dealers’ material we might well add that
we possess many which we believe to be wrongly labeled and
quote as an example that there are two males of a Hypolimnas
in the Barnes Collection labeled “Sulphur Springs, Fla., Geo.
Franck” which appear to be an African species and not the same
as the Formosa species heretofore distributed by dealers as H.
misippus from Florida.
The identification of /orina and its synonymy is the work of
Mr. William Schaus.
Bendis(?) fufius Schaus.
Bendis fufius Schaus, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 21, 1894, p. 243.
Described from Coatepec, Mexico. Five males and_ three
females are in the Barnes Collection from Brownsville, Texas,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926 21
March, April, November, all but two being labeled “Geo.
Dorner.”
Mr. Schaus has seen specimens of both sexes and compared
them with the U. S. National Museum Collection and types.
Our males are much more contrastingly black marked than our
females, similar in this respect to detrahens and griseipennis.
Ephyrodes cacata Guenée.
Ephyrodes cacata Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., III), 1852, p. 366—
Boisduval & Guenée, Spec. Gén., Atlas, vol. 5-7, 1858, pl. 24, fig. 7.
Described from Cuba and Colombia. A single specimen is in
the Barnes Collection from Bastrop Co., Texas (O. Meske),
identified by Schaus, who notes that it is an extremely variable
species.
Isogona natatrix Guenée.
Tsogona natatrix Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., II), 1852, p. 323.
Isogona continua Guenée, Spec. Gén., Lép., vol. 7 (Noct., II]), 1852, p. 323.
I. natatrix Guenée was described from “Am. Sept.,” and
continua from Brazil, the former being a @ and the latter a 9.
Two specimens are in the Barnes Collection from Browns-
ville, Texas, March 11 (Geo. Dorner). One of these is labeled
“Probably continua Gn. % B. M.”” in Dr. McDunnough’s hand-
writing. The other specimen was sent, with the questionable
determination continua on it, to Mr. Schaus, who replied that it
was continua, but that both names vatatrix and continua referred
to a single species.
The species was unknown to Smith (Bull. U.S. N. M., vol. 44,
1893, p. 365), and as far as we are aware, aside from the type of
natatrix, this is the first unquestionably authentic U. S. record.
Holland’s figure of “‘xatatrix’’ (Moth Book, pl. 37, fig. 18) is
referable to ¢enuis Grote.
Gloveria arizonensis Packard.
Gloveria dentata Hy. Edwards, Pap., vol. 4, 1884, p. 107.—Barnes & McDun-
nough, Contr. N. H. Lep. N. A., vol. 1 (2), 1911, p. 17, ignot.
Dr. Dyar informed Barnes & McDunnough that dentata
was a synonym of arizonensis but the name was not placed by
them in their Revision (1911).
G. dentata was described from a single @ (W. Schaus), col-
lection Neumoegen. This type is in the Neumoegen Collection
and appears to be a straight synonym of arizonensis, having been
matched by Benjamin with an Arizona specimen.
22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926
A NEW MELANASTUS FROM TEXAS (COLEOPTERA:
ELATERIDAE).
By Frank E. Buatspe.t, Sr., San Francisco, California.
Melanastus texanus, new species.
Form oblong-oval, parallel, about two and a half times as long as wide and
quite strongly convex. Color black; under surface of body piceous; antennae,
mouth-parts and legs, rufo-piceous, palpi rufo-testaceous. Luster dull, slightly
shining. Dorsal surface throughout extremely finely microscopically sculptured
(granulato-reticulate). Pubescence inconspicuous, pale in color, exceedingly
fine and short, very sparse, scarcely projecting beyond the punctures; about
twice as long on the tibiae as on the dorsum. Three or four long flying hairs
arising from punctures along lateral margins of the mentum anteriorly.
Head slightly transverse, a little wider than one-half of the width of the
pronotum; sides of the front scarcely as prominent as the eyes, evenly and
rather strongly arcuate to the feebly defined oblique sutures where the margin
is slightly notched, epistomal apex arcuate to arcuato-truncate, margin narrowly
deflexed behind the labrum, frontal suture obsolete; front scarcely feebly
convex, vertex moderately convex, surface densely punctate, punctures small,
well defined, narrowly separated, tending to run in lines converging toward
the central area behind the epistoma, the latter more densely punctured apically;
a feeble carina is present above the eyes, the latter small, flat and partially
divided by the obtuse sides of the front, feebly emarginate posteriorly but more
strongly so anteriorly, the upper portion is a little larger than the lower, facets
small. Canthi not more prominent than the corneal surface of the eye. An-
tennae extending to almost basal third of the pronotum, joints two to eight
inclusive subcylindrical, last three slightly compressed and slightly wider form-
ing a club, eighth joint as long as wide and subequal in size to the sixth or
seventh, third twice as long as wide. Mentum slightly triangularly emarginate
at apex, lateral lobes evenly rounded; medial angle of the genae subacute and
slightly prominent when the mentum is flexed, or in close contact with it when
extended. Mandibles bifid, upper lobe twice as large as the lower.
Pronotum a little more than twice as wide as long, marginal bead entire
throughout, except at middle of apex, the latter broadly and arcuately emargi-
nate; apical angles obtusely rounded and not prominent anteriorly; sides evenly
and moderately arcuate, converging a little anteriorly, feebly and rather broadly
sinuate before the basal angles; base broadly and not strongly arcuate, slightly
wider than the apex and a little more widely beaded, angles obtuse and distinct;
disk evenly convex, densely punctate, punctures well defined, rather small and
slightly irregular, usually separated by a distance equal to about their own
diameter, slightly larger laterally, not coalescent although tending to run in
longitudinal lines.
Prosternum coarsely punctate, punctures discrete; propleurae coarsely and
sparsely punctate but not strongly longitudinally rugulose.
Elytra about a third longer than wide, sides parallel to slightly arcuate; apex
obtusely rounded, humeri feebly obtuse and very narrowly rounded, very
slightly more prominent than the pronotal angles; base transverse; disk quite
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926 23
evenly and strongly convex, evenly punctate, striae of punctures quite evident,
strial punctures equal to those of the pronotum, interstitial series slightly
irregular and smaller in the central area, smallest basally, while laterally and
apically they are about the same size as the strial punctures, somewhat confused
laterally and apically, separated by a distance equal to four or five times their
own diameter, intervals flat. Epipleurae finely and very sparsely punctate.
Scutellum small, slightly transverse and impunctate apically. Wings vestigial.
Sterna coarsely punctate. Meso-episternum with large circular and ap-
parently entire punctures, epimera with few small punctures; meta-episternum
sparsely punctate, punctures latero-apically smaller than on the meta-sternum,
the latter with a pre-coxal line of punctures.
Abdomen smooth and shining, rather evenly punctured, punctures slightly
larger laterally and a little denser on the fourth and fifth segments.
Legs moderate in length, femora finely and sparsely punctate. Tarsi moderate
in length and stoutness, the anterior not modified in the sexes.
Male evidently smaller and more parallel; female slightly more elongate with
sides more arcuate.
Measurements —(Types) Length, male, 5 mm.; width, 2 mm.; female, 6 mm.;
width, 2.5 mm.
Type locality —Gillespie County, Texas. Collected by R. E.
McDonald, June, 1925. Twelve specimens studied.
Type and paraty pes. pede Nor 2388505 U).5.-N. Mi -Para-
types also in author’s collection.
The species is reported as killing cotton and is therefore of
economic importance.
According to Casey’s table ¢exanus is to be placed amongst
those species which have the eyes more coarsely faceted, the
pronotum finely but evidently margined at the sides, the latter
arcuate and subparallel, distinctly sinuate for a short distance
before the basal angles; elytral series of punctures not impressed
and quite distinct throughout the width. The luster is dull and
therefore falls near crassicornis Casey of Humboldt SORE ES
California. .
By direct comparison fexanus most closely resembles exiguus
Casey from Colorado. In the latter the elytral punctures are
smaller and more confused, the basal angles of the pronotum are
rectangular to slightly acute and the terminal joint of the
maxillary palpi appears to be a little more eee and less
broad at apex. A single specimen of exiguus Casey is at hand
and collected in Colorado.
In fexanus the elytral series of punctures, both strial and
interstitial are quite distinct when viewed longitudinally, the
terminal joint of the palpi is more broadly truncate at apex
and less elongate and the basal angles of the pronotum are
obtuse.
24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 1, JAN., 1926
COCCOPHAGUS LECANII (FITCH) ERRONEOUSLY RECORDED
FROM JAPAN (HYMENOPTERA).
By A. B. Ganan, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
In January, 1919, a series of scale parasites were received by
the Bureau of Entomology from Shonosuke Nakayama of the
Imperial Plant Quarantine Service, Yokohama, Japan, which
the writer identified as Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch). These speci-
mens had been reared by K. Yoshida and S. Takahashi from
Ceroplastes rubens Maskell at Yokohama, and from Pu/vinaria
citricola Kuwana and Phenacoccus pergandei Cockerell at Yoko-
hama and Shidzuokaken, Japan.
A reexamination of these specimens has shown that my identi-
fication of this parasite was incorrect. Although closely resem-
bling C. /ecanii, the species is rather easily distinguished by the
color of the legs. In /ecanii the coxae are all black, the tro-
chanters pallid, the femora black with their apices narrowly
whitish, the tibiae mostly pale but sometimes more or less
infuscated basally, and the tarsi pale with the apical joint dark.
In the Japanese species the front coxae are blackish, the middle
and hind coxae mostly white (sometimes slightly fuscous and
occasionally mostly blackish), the front trochanters and femora
usually fuscous, the middle. and hind trochanters and basal one-
third to one-half of their femora pallid, the apical half or two-
thirds of middle and hind femora black or blackish, all tibiae
and tarsi pallid with the bases of tibiae and apical joint of tarsi
more or less fuscous. Otherwise the two forms seem to agree.
The Japanese specimens agree in every essential with the
description of Coccophagus japonicus Compere (Bulletin
Southern California Academy of Sciences, vol. XXIII, 1924,
p. 122) and are without doubt that species.
This misidentification is deeply regretted, the more so be-
cause it has apparently become the basis for at least three
subsequent references in the literature. The record of Cocco-
phagus lecanii from Japan by S. Nakayama (Phil. Jour. of
Science, vol. 18, 1921, p. 98), and the repetition of this record
by Gahan (Proc. U. S: Nat: Mus:,, vol. 65).1924, py 12)rane
certainly based directly. upon this misidentification and it is
almost equally certain that T. Ishi [Bul. 3, Dept. Agri. and
Com. Imp. Plant Quar. Service (Japan), 1923, p. 86] was dealing
with C. japonicus instead of C. lecanii in his excellent account
of the biology and habits of the parasites of Ceroplastes rubens.
So far as now known Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch) does not occur
in Japan.
Actual date of publication, Fanuary 30, 1926
EDITORIAL.
In England, where the capture of a common butterfly is con-
sidered an event worthy of published record, there 1s great excite-
ment among lepidopterists because their pets are getting scarce
in some of their usual haunts. There has been a great demand
of late for butterfly wings for jewelry and other decorative pur-
poses. As a result collectors have been unusually active and
great numbers of certain species have been shipped—or are
supposed to have been shipped—from England to dealers in
Canada and the United States. The British lepidopterists are
greatly alarmed about the “‘overcollecting”’ which they fancy
threatens the extermination of the species in question; and they
have sent out an appeal to the societies of Canada and United
States to use their ‘““utmost influence to prevent the threatened
extermination.” Of course the fancy seems to many of us rather
far fetched. We have seen how difficult it is to hold down an
insect when all the forces of organized warfare are directed
against it, so we are more than sceptical of the exterminating
powers of net-collecting; but be that as it may. The joke is
on us. We rose to the bait like hungry carp. The American
Entomological Society promptly responded with the following:
“Whereas there is grave danger of exterminating some of the most beautiful
species of insects for use in works of art and jewelry;
“ Resolved, that The American Entomological Society strongly disapproves
of such practice and herewith places itself on record as opposing the use of
insects for decorative purposes.”
Our British brethren have started something. Over here it
is a dangerous business to suggest anything in the nature of
a prohibition or regulation. Scratch an American and you find
areformer. Scratch him ever so lightly and you start a mighty
regulating itch. I dread to think what shall happen if this
latest call gets its due publicity. There are numbers of lady
and near-male regulators out of employment. Here will be
their opportunity. We may soon have a “Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Insects,” insect game wardens, pro-
tected preserves for persecuted caterpillars, arrests of small
boys and amateur “‘bug-hunters,”’ net laws, statutes prohibiting
the cruel and promiscuous use of squirt guns,—heaven knows
what! Before the thing has gone too far, and-in a possibly
false direction, we offer a suggestion that may turn the stream
of regulation into a desirable channel.
The Japanese Beetle is a beautiful insect. It has, so far, no
friends that we know of in this country. It would make a
splendid ornament mounted in rings, stick pins, etc. Turn
the dreaded forces of commercialism loose upon it. Perhaps
they can accomplish with their nets more than we with our
high power control-artillery. If so they will earn the gratitude
of all who are seriously concerned with the destruction of insect
pests; and if the zest of the new pursuit diverts persecution from
the poor butterfly, peace will come again to sooth the troubled
heart of the amateur lepidopterist.
—Carl Heinrich.
NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS.
Animal Voices, Austin H. Clark, Scientific Monthly, fan.,
1926, pp. 40-48.—This 1s an extremely embarrassing paper. To
review it critically would require several pages and it is hardly
worth such extravagance. On the other hand one can not ignore
it altogether. It is written in a popular style which makes the
author’s reasoning clear to all whether they be laymen or men
of science. It bears the name of one justly respected for his
scientific achievements. It professes to be a serious scientific
explanation of certain phenomena. (The explanation is so
ingeniously simple that the unthinking might be pardoned for
failing to see that it is simply ingenious.) And it so challenges
our common sense that we can not afford to give it even the
partial consent of silence. We must protest against any method
that converts half-truths into all-inclusive, all-exclusive explana-
tions. It is undoubtedly true that certain sounds and colors
may be protective. The lion’s roar may frighten his enemies,
or the bird’s pattern hide it from unfriendly eyes; but to assume
from such presumptions as these that all animal sounds and
colors are nothing but protective or that they are even primarily
protective in their nature is simply preposterous. There is a
type of mind that rebels at any complexity in the motives or
forces behind natural phenomena. It insists upon a single
impulse that can be expressed in a simple formula. (The very
simplicity of the formula should lead one to doubt its universal
application; but this seldom happens.) Such a mind does not
arrive at theories or explanations from a careful synthesis of
facts. It begins with a theory acquired like faith by some
process of interior illumination and thereafter sets itself to square
the facts—an easy, fascinating business; but surely not sound
science.
We are all too familiar these days with certain sex obsessionists
who see the sexual motive as the explanation of everything from
a table leg to the aurora borealis, from a baby’s squalling to the
B minor Mass. Now no one denies the large part that sex plays
in the animate world, or that it is more or less involved in all
animal and plant behavior; but our sex theory gets a hard bump
when we find that it was a loose safety pin and not the CEdipus
complex that set the infant yowling and that Bach wrote his
music while he was fathering twenty children. So, when our
esteemed fellow member tells us that, “like the various colors
with which they are adorned, the similarly varied voices of the
mammals, birds, and reptiles, amphibians and fishes, and the
insects are primarily protective in their nature,’ we presume to
doubt and deny. We have heard the old sow grunting in her
gruel, and we have ascribed the music to no more than the ex-
pression of gastronomic emotion. And Chanticleer’s morning
salutation has rung in our ears with such a cocky, carefree lilt
that we have heard it simply as a song—the outburst of an
egotistic tenor full of the joze de vivre and conscious of his voice.
Perhaps we were all wrong. Perhaps he was merely saying
“keep away” toachicken hawk. Perhaps the old sow was only
frightening competitors from the swill. Perhaps! But it will
take something much stronger than a theory to make us believe
sO. —Carl Heinrich.
VOL. 28 FEBRUARY, 1926 No. 2
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
CUSHMAN, R. A.—ADDRESS OF RETIRING PRESIDENT: SOME TYPES OF
PARASITISM AMONG THE ICHNEUMONIDAE ...........-. DS
HEINRICH, CARL.—A NEW COLEOPHORA FROM NEW YORK (LEPIDOPITERA:
BOVE OREUORDDNAR: em rmtw a. este Ge wbarse eyMs to 2 ce SES Bee. 52
SNYDER, THOS. E.—CHANGE OF NAME IN ISOPTERA. ........ - 51
*~ MAR 41926
SEPTEMBER
“onal Ms ewe
PusitsHED Montuiy Excerpr Jury, Aucu
BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
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Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
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THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.
The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each
month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. M.
Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1926.
Hlonorary President. 3.303, 6 ote hee ee ee ee
President... oe is ey) SS ede ee be ge ae aC eee et
First VicesPresident | i. vse 42 a ee ee ee ee ola eo
SECON WAGE=LTESIA CIE = 7 es en ee J. E. GRAF
IROCOTAING SCChelATy fo es es ee ie co) ie eee edad
Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer ...:.......S. A. ROAWER
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
BO: aca. tahun Soene Gale ee . . . CARL HEINRICH
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Executive Committee: THE Orricers and W. R. Watron, A. N. Caube Lt,
T. E. Snyper.
Representing the Soctety as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of
SceBECS gas GS os 8 8 a ee Oe eee
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 28 FEBRUARY 1926 No.
i)
ADDRESS OF THE RETIRING PRESIDENT.
By R. A. Cusuman.
In this heyday of the moving picture the subject that I have
selected for my address might well be illustrated by that means.
Unfortunately the exigencies of time and other conditions have
prevented this, and I present for your approval, and I hope
for your pleasure, the next related thing, a scenario illustrated
by a few stills and closeups.
ParasitismM:—A Scenario IN THREE Parts.
Cast or Cuaracrers.—A galaxy of villains, no hero nor heroine, but many
victims.
VILLAINS.—I seropus
Hy posoter | All females and each far more deadly than
Polysphincta { the male of her species.
Paniscus
Victims.—Hemerocampa—a cocoon-spinning caterpillar.
Anisota—a family group of very young caterpillars.
Agrotis—a catworm—full-grown.
Theridium—a spider.
Director.—Mother Nature.
Assistant Ditrecror.—/nstinct.
Scene.—A sunny glade at the edge of a forest. Against the background of
the forest stand smaller trees and bushes. In the foreground low herbage and
tall weeds.
Part 1.
Time.—Midafternoon until dusk of a summer day.
In a forked twig of an elm tree Hemerocampa, with most of
the hair removed from her body, has just finished the con-
struction of her cocoon and settled herself to a long rest.
On a low hanging leaf of one of the oak trees, the Anisotas,
tiny brown creatures covered with black tubercles, and with
two long black horns extending forward over the head, are
feeding happily.
In her web beneath a dead weed top the small, fat Theridium
is poised waiting for an unwary gnat to blunder into its meshes.
Under the edge of a fallen bit of bark the smooth gray cut-
worm, Agrotis, can be seen taking his afternoon nap.
26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
Into this peaceful scene there fly three slender creatures,
two black and one red and dark brown. Each has six legs, two
pairs of thin transparent wings, a pair of long, slender, jointed
feelers protruding from the head, and at the opposite end a
slender, poisoned stiletto, concealed in a sheath. The black
one with the elongate oval abdomen and two flattened tubercles
on each segment is Iseropus. The other black one with slender
pedicelled, somewhat club-shaped abdomen, is Hyposoter. The
small one with black head and red and brown body is Poly-
sphincta.
Iseropus flies directly to the elm tree, hovers up and down
and around the tree, and finally alights near Hemerocampa’s
cocoon. With her feelers extended in front and tapping against
the bark she moves this way and that until finally she touches
the coocoon. Eagerly she tests it all over until, apparently
satisfied that it suits her purpose, she takes a firm hold with
her feet, arches her abdomen until the stiletto points perpen-
dicularly toward the coocoon, then thrusts it through the
meshes. The imprisoned Hemerocampa feels the prick and
wages a desperate but hopeless fight. Stabbed repeatedly she
sinks gradually into a coma from which she is destined never
to recover. Iseropus rests for a few moments while licking
up the juices that have followed her weapon from the body of
the caterpillar. Again she thrusts it into the cocoon, and soon
there drops from near its end an elongate white object. This
is shortly followed by another, and another, and yet another
until there are a dozen or more. Iseropus now withdraws her
stiletto, washes her face and feelers, preens her wings and
renews her search for victims.
In the meantime Hyposoter has been flitting about a small
oak tree nearby, and, as our fascinated gaze leaves the Hemero-
campa cocoon, she alights on the very leaf on which the little
Anisotas are feeding. Quickly she discovers them with her
sensitive feelers. One after another, only a few escaping, she
stabs them leaving them inert and helpless, then flies away.
Why this wanton destruction? But, is it destruction? Ap-
parently not, for here one and there another of the Anisotas
shows signs of life. Gradually all recover from their fearful
experience and go back to eating as busily as ever. But, have
they recovered? We shall see later.
In our absorption in the attack on the Anisotas we have
forgotten Polysphincta. There she is flying from weed-top
to weed-top, and now, just as we again catch sight of her, she
comes to the one where Theridium has her home. In exploring
it she touches the web. Eagerly Theridium advances to seize
her expected prey, but hastily retreats. Polysphincta is all
alertness. Slowly and cautiously she advances toward the
now cowering spider. In desperation Theridium lunges for-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 Puy]
ward in an attempt to capture and destroy her enemy, but
Polysphincta dodges to one side, then again advances. Again
and again Theridium attacks, each time failing and each time
retreating a little farther. Suddenly Polysphincta leaps, there
is a brief rough and tumble fight ending in the sudden collapse
of Theridium. Polysphincta crawls to the underside of the
spider and stabs it repeatedly in the mouth at the same time
licking up with avidity a drop of fluid that oozes from the
abdomen of her victim. Her appetite satisfied, she changes
her position so that her body is across that of the spider, lays
the underside of her abdomen along the side of that of the
spider and, after holding this position for a time moves away
leaving a tiny oval whitish object glued to the spider. Hardly
has she left when Theridium begins slowly and painfully to
recover. Gradually she pulls herself to her feet, slowly re-
covers her strength and again takes up her position in the web
and waits apparently as eagerly as before for the unwary gnat.
The sun has dropped below the horizon and dusk replaces
the full light of day. Agrotis under the chip of bark stretches
himself and, feeling the pangs of hunger, crawls from his retreat
to a succulent weed standing close by, and begins his last meal
before making a cozy cell in the ground in which to rest and
wait for the wings that will carry him hither and yon in cool
evenings to come. Suddenly there appears from under a leaf
of the plant on which the cutworm is feeding a slender yellowish
brown creature flying on broad wings and armed with the same
sort of weapon as those of Iseropus and the others. This is
Paniscus. She flies down close to the ground and in her flutter-
ing among the plant stems soon discovers Agrotis. Now she
alights on the ground and cautiously on tiptoe with her weapon
thrust forward she approaches her victim. Sensing danger,
Agrotis thrashes his head from side to side in a vain endeavor
to frighten Paniscus away. She tiptoes around him seeking
an opening and at last steps quickly in giving him a thrust.
He tries to run away but the poison has its deadening effect
and he soon lies helpless. Grimly Paniscus waits until he is
powerless to resist, then she inserts her weapon just back of
his head and stands quiet for a time. Now there appears at
the base of her stiletto an oval, black, shining object attached
by a short stalk to the underside of the stiletto. It slides
down to the body of the cutworm. Paniscus withdraws her
weapon leaving the black object fastened by its stalk to the
skin of Agrotis. Two more of these she places on her victim,
then preens herself for a few moments and flies away among
the weed stems. Agrotis lies inert for a few moments but
finally recovers strength, starts digging into the ground and
gradually disappears.
28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
Part 2.
Time.—Beginning a few days later and extending over a period of several
weeks.
Hemerocampa still lies motionless in her cocoon; the Anisotas
are still feeding voraciously and have grown several times
larger; Theridium is still poised in her web with the remains
of many gnats entangled in its meshes; and beneath the ground
we can see Agrotis ensconsed in his earthen bed.
As we glance again at Hemerocampa’s cocoon we detect mo-
tion in the white objects placed there by Iseropus, and we see
coming from each one a tiny white maggot-like creature. These
dispose themselves on the body of Hemerocampa and by look-
ing closely we can see that they are biting at the skin with very
minute pointed jaws.
Theridium is still carrying the whitish object glued to her
back by Polysphincta, and as we look in her direction we see
come from it another creature similar to those in the cocoons
of Hemerocampa. It begins immediately to gnaw at the skin
of Theridium’s abdomen. She tries to dislodge it but can not
reach it.
Again we look at Agrotis and find that protruding from a
slit in the free end of each of the shiny black things placed on
his neck by Paniscus is a brown head and part of a white body.
Its jaws have already pierced the skin of the cutworm.
Slow motion camera speeds up events so that we see the
maggot-like creatures on Hemerocampa, Theridium, and Agro-
tis, the last two still holding to their egg-shells, increase enor-
mously in size, their victims decreasing correspondingly until
all that is left of them is their dried and crumpled skins. We
see the slayers crawl away; those of Hemerocampa to spin a
bundle of white cocoons inside that of their victims. The de-
vourer of Theridium, hanging to the spider web by patches of
minute hooks on its back, builds a beautiful net-work bag about
itself, while the cutworm’s slayer makes a dense black one.
All this time the Anisotas have been feeding, but most of
them have now stopped and lie listlessly on the leaf. They
have not grown nearly as large as the few that are atill feeding
on the edge of a nearby leaf. And now a change comes over
them. They seem to be inflated while their necks appear
shrivelled. Looking at them closely we see that each encloses
a white cocoon, within which is a creature much like those in
the cocoon of Hemerocampa. It comes to us that these Ani-
sotas are the ones that we saw so viciously attacked by Hypo-
soter and that those big healthy ones on the other leaf are the
ones who escaped her attention.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 m8)
Part 3.
Time.—A week or ten days later.
Everything is apparently as we last saw it except that there
is a hole in one end of each of the cocoons and as we watch
there crawls from each not the maggot that we saw make it,
but a quite different creature. Each has six legs, two pairs of
thin transparent wings, on the head two long slender antennae,
and at the opposite end a slender stiletto concealed in a two-
parted sheath. From the cocoon of Hemerocampa come about
a dozen exactly like Iseropus, from each of the Anisotas one
exactly like Hyposoter; from the mesh bag in Theridium’s
web an exact duplicate of Polysphincta; and from the ground
over the earthen cell of the cutworm the double of Paniscus.
We have witnessed the life-cycle of four species of Ichneumon-
flies.
By this more or less fanciful and somewhat anachronistic
scenario I have attempted to convey to you a picture of the
life and habits of a few ichneumon-flies with various habits of
attack, oviposition, host relations, and development. It also
serves as an admittedly rather long introduction to my real
subject:
SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM AMONG THE ICHNEUMONIDAE.
The origin of the parasitic habit in the hymenopterous insects
is shrouded in the mists of the dim and distant past. It seems
safe to assume that it did not originate on one occasion and
one occasion only; the parasitic groups are too diverse to admit
of a theory of common origin. It may even be that within a
single group, like the Ichneumonidae as we now know it, are
lesser groups which have originated at quite different periods
and from quite different ancestral forms, and whose present
similarity is due to convergence of development resulting from
the similarity of the environment and other conditions of the
parasitic life rather than from common origin.
Whatever the origin of the various groups of parasitic Hymen-
optera we must assume that the carnivorous habit followed the
phytophagous habit. We must also, I think, assume that when
this change of habit began the Hymenoptera were already a
well-defined group distinguishable from the other groups of
insects by the same characteristics that distinguish them at
the present time. In other words, we must look among the
more primitive phytophagous Hymenoptera for clues to the
immediate origin of the various groups of parasitic Hymen-
optera.
The parasitic habit probably had its origin in the habit
practiced by many insects of devouring their fellows. A taste
30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
for such fare was passed on to the progeny of some of these,
increasing from generation to generation, until the carnivorous
or parasitic habit entirely replaced the phy tophagous or plant-
eating habit. With the change in method of living and nature
of food came certain modifications in form and structure of the
larva. Since the egg from which it hatched was placed by the
parent in direct contact with the insect that was to furnish it
with sustinence the larva had no need for legs with which to
move from place to place, no need for strong muscles with
which to operate them, and no need for other strong muscles
for lengthening and shortening the body in the process of
crawling, but muscles only sufficiently strong to permit it to
move about in the immediate vicinity of its host and to per-
form such motions as were necessary in the construction of its
cocoon, etc. Its food being soft or fluid and requiring no chew-
ing, it no longer needed strong cutting and grinding jaws, but
jaws only strong enough and ‘sharp enough to pierce the skin
of its host. No longer needing strong jaws it no longer needed
strong muscles to operate them, nor a stiff, strongly arched
and heavily braced head capsule to contain and support such
muscles.
In living organisms unused or little used structures and organs
become lost or atrophied or reduced to size and strength com-
mensurate with their use. The parasitic larva, therefore, lost
its legs, acquired small, acutely pointed mandibles and suffered
a great reduction in the size and strength of the muscles operat-
ing these structures as well as those involved in other move-
ments of the body. Its head lost much of its rigidity and
became broad and short. With the loss of strength in the
musculature of its body wall its shape was determined by the
turgidity furnished by the largely Huid body content. As a
natural consequence, instead of being cylindrical and of cater-
pillar form, it became spindle-shaped, large in the middle and
small at each end, more or less curved below, with weakly
constricted sutures between the segments of its body.
This, in general, is the form and structure of the full-grown
larva of the parasitic hymenopteron.
In the various parasitic groups the larvae have acquired
characteristics that differentiate them one group from another.
Within a group further modifications have taken place, so that
within, for instance, the family Ichneumonidae are displayed
great variations in both form and structure and in habits and
manner of living, not only in the adult insects but in all of the
preparatory stages. The sometimes very remarkable modi-
fications of the first instar larva and egg are of this later develop-
ment.
The Ichneumonidae are in very large part parasites of other
insects, the comparatively few exceptions to this rule being
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 31
parasites of spiders. Some are parasites of larvae and some
of pupae, some within the egg-sacs of spiders and some on the
spiders themselves.
During its growth the ichneumonid larva passes through
several instars, usually five in number; though Timberlake
(USS. Dept Agr, Burnt. Bull.> Vech. Sér. 19>pt: Vj 1912)
detected only three in Seszoplex validus (Cresson) and Tothill
(Can. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. 3, 1922) a like number in Hyposo-
ter pilosulus (Provancher) and Therion morio (Fabricius). The
present speaker found five in Thersilochus conotracheli (Riley)
(Journ. Agr. Res., vol. 6, No. 22, 1916), and at least four in
Paniscus (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, 1913, p. 156). Chewy-
reuv (Parasites and Hyperparasites) observed five instars in
the last-named genus but only four in Amb/yteles.
From the standpoint of position of the parasite in relation
to the host the Ichneumonidae are divisible into two main
groups: external and internal parasites.
The external parasite deposits its eggs on or near the host
and the resulting larva feeds on the host from without by
puncturing its skin and sucking its juices through the rupture.
Very little is known of the provisions for breathing on the
part of the early instars of externally feeding larvae. The
only positive observation that I know of is that of Chewyreuv,
who studied all instars of the larva of Paniscus for this point.
He says that the first instar has one pair of spiracles on the
prothoracic segment, the second instar the prothoracic spiracles
and a pair on each of the first six abdominal segments, the
third instar another pair on the seventh abdominal segment,
and the fourth and fifth instars the full complement of pro-
thoracic and eight pairs of abdominal spiracles.
There is great variation among the external parasites in the
habit of stinging preparatory to oviposition and in the effect
of the sting on the host. Some species do not sting the host
at all, others render it only temporarily comatose, while still
others sting it into permanent coma or kill it outright.
The internal parasite deposits its egg within the body of the
host and the larva feeds on the host from within. It lies in
the body cavity of the host feeding on the fluid and semifluid
body content in which it lives. It 1s fitted for breathing in the
aqueous medium in which it finds itself, the spiracle being
absent or functionless until such time as the exhaustion of the
liquid body content of the host makes direct breathing neces-
sary. In some groups the body of the larva in the early instars
has a slender caudal extension of the body wall so modified as
to serve as a gill. In other groups no such extension or attenu-
ation occurs and possible a relatively large part of the necessary
oxygen is obtained in the food consumed. Chewyreuv found
that in Enicospilus, of which he knew only the first two and
BZ PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
last instars, the first two have no spiracles and the last the
full complement of nine pairs. He says that in Amb/yteles the
first instar has no spiracles, but the second instar has the full
nine pairs though these are very small. In the attack by the
parent parasite the host is rendered at most temporarily coma-
tose, recovering shortly and continuing its normal activities.
Forms oF ExTERNAL PARASITISM.
Of external parasitism among the Ichneumonidae there are
known to me four types.
In the first and least highly specialized of all the types of
parasitism the host is either not stung, is permanently para-
lyzed or is killed outright by the sting of the parent parasite.
The egg is of simple form, usually elongate oval, more or
less curved with tough chorion and without pedicel or other
special means of attachment to the host. Such an egg is that
of Calliephialtes sp. (Fig. 12) and all the eggs of parasites of
this group known to me are very similar in form. It is deposi-
ted on or near the host.
At the time of the attack by the parent parasite the host
is enclosed within the tissue of its food-plant, a cocoon, a pupal
shell or other medium, into which or through which the parasite
thrusts her ovipositor for stinging the host and for deposition
of the egg.
The larva of this type of parasite when first hatched is of
the form shown in Fig. 11. The head is relatively large with
the mouth on the lower anterior margin and a pair of small
simple antennae. The body is composed of thirteen segments
besides the head. The full-grown larva (Fig. 16) is fat and
maggot-like in form with small head. It has spiracles on each
side, the first in the intersegmental skin between the prothorax
and mesothorax and one on each of the first eight abdominal
segments.
Examples of this type of parasitism are the members of the
tribes Rhyssini and Ichneumonini. Megarhyssa lunator (Fa-
bricius) according to accounts by Lintner in The Country
Gentleman, vol. 49, 1884, p. 331, and Riley in Insect Life,
vol. 1, 1886, p. 171, indicate that the parent parasite does not
necessarily sting (perhaps never stings) the host Tremex larva,
but simply deposits her egg in the Tremex burrow, the larva
searching out the Tremex and killing it. W. S. Fisher tells
me that this coincides with his observations on Megarhyssa
made some years ago in Pennsylvania. The species of the
ichneumonine genus Tromatobia and many species of the cryp-
tine genus Ge/is (formerly Pezomachus), as well as certain
species of the cryptine tribes Hemitelini and Cryptini, are
parasitic within the egg-sacs of spiders, feeding either on the
eggs or on the young spiders, which are quite obviously not
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 33
severally stung by the parent parasite. Jseropus coelebs
(Walsh), as probably most of the other members of the tribe
Ichneumonini, permanently paralyzes or kills its host prepara-
tory to depositing its eggs. An excellent account of the habits
of this species under the name of “‘Pimpla inquisitor Say”? is
given by Howard in Technical Bulletin 5 of the Bureau of
Entomology. The present speaker’s paper on “The Calli-
ephialtes Parasite of the Codling Moth” (Journal of Agri-
cultural Research, vol. 1, 1913, pp. 211-237) in an account of
another parasite of this type.
Probably few of this type of parasite are, as appears to be
the case with Megarhyssa, specific enemies of any particular
species. The position of the prospective host individual is of
nearly or quite as much importance as the systematic position
of the host species. Many of the species confine their attack
to members of a single insect order, but within that order may
have a very wide range of hosts. Thus Iser opus coelebs (Walsh),
referred to above, parasitizes species of such distantly related
lepidopterous genera as Malacosoma, Hemerocampa, Notolophus,
Thyridopteryx, Ctenucha, Cecropia and Olene, all medium to
large Lepidoptera that construct their cocoons in exposed situ-
ations. FEpiurus alborictus (Cresson) is parasitic upon many
species of leaf-mining and leaf-folding Lepidoptera. Other
species are even less particular as to the nature of their hosts,
attacking almost any insect larva that occurs in a suitable
place. Epiurus pterophori (Ashmead), for example, attacks
both lepidopterous and coleopterous borers in weed stems and
has also been reared and recorded by Newcomer (Bull. 265,
U. S. Dept. Agr.) as a parasite of larvae of the sawfly Ameta-
stegia glabrata (Fallen) that had entered the stems of weeds for
pupation. Newcomer found that larvae of the sawfly that
bored into apples entirely escaped parasitism by this species.
In many, but not all, of the parasites of this group the develop-
mental period is of very short duration, especially that of the
larva, there being no apparent synchronizing of the life cycle
of the parasite with that of the host. They may thus pass
through several generations in a year, using as host whatever
suitable species is available.
In a second type of external parasitism the host is only
temporarily paralyzed by the sting of the parent parasite,
recovering and resuming its customary activities. The egg
is fastened to the host by a secretion applied by the parent at
the time of oviposition at a point where it is not likely to be
knocked off. The-larva hatching from this egg, uses the egg-
shell as a means of holding on. The host is not protected by
any extraneous covering at the time of the oviposition. The
only examples of this type of parasitism known to me are the
members of the tribe Polysphinctini, which are parasitic upon
spiders (Figs. 4, 8, 37).
34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
The very usual host relations of the insects of this group have
intrigued the interest of many observers, most of them not
especially interested in parasites or even in the Hymenoptera;
and short notes concerning one or another of the species have
frequently appeared in entomological and other scientific peri-
odicals. This interest is so widespread and the specialization
of the insects themselves are so remarkable that a rather exten-
sive treatment of the subject in this place is perhaps permissible.
Probably the first recorded observation on the habits of a
Polysphincta is that of DeGeer published in 1771 (Memoirs
pour servir a histoire des Insectes, vol. 2, 1771, pp. 863-6)
and his crude figure of the cocoon in the center of the spider
web probably the first illustration of any feature of the immature
life of one of these insects (Fig. 1). He found a comman orb-
weaving spider with a parasite larva on its back and reared
the parasite through to maturity. Curiously enough none of
the European Ichneumonologists has since recognized the
species but there can be no doubt that it was a Polysphinctine.
Apparently the first to observe the attack of the parasite on
the spider was Dillwyn. (Memoranda relating to Coleopterous
Insects found in the neighborhood of Swansea, 1829, p. 27.)
In a footnote he says: “I have frequently observed a small
black species of Ichneumon successively deposit an egg in the
abdomen of two or more spiders in the sand-hills near Swansea;
and I doubt whether the spider had in any case arrived at its
maturity. On one of these occasions I perfectly recollect
having seen a young brood of dark-coloured spiders on Crwmlyn
Burrows, and that when the Ichneumon hovered over them
they appeared alarmed, and instinctively endeavoured to es-
cape.” Dillwyn’s observation was at fault, for he states that
the egg is deposited “‘in the abdomen.” It is interesting,
however, to remark that he did note the fact that the spiders
had an instinctive fear of the parasite.
Quite naturally the collectors of spiders would be expected
to happen upon the immature forms of Polysphincta more
frequently than the collectors of insects; and so we find one
such, John Blackwall, a well known British arachnologist, giv-
ing us one of the earliest papers devoted to the subject in his
“Account of a Species of Ichneumon whose Larva is parasitic
on Spiders” (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1843, pp. 1-4).
He says “Immature spiders of the species Epeira antriada and
Epeira cucurbitina, and adults of the species Linyphia minuta
and Linyphia pusilla are frequently infested by the larva of a
small Ichneumon, which feeds upon their juices and ultimately
causes their death. This parasite is always attached to the
upper part of the abdomen, near its union with the cepho-
lothorax, generally in a transverse but occasionally in a longi-
tudinal direction, and, though.it proves a source of constant
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 35
irritation, is secured by its position from every attempt of the
spider to displace it.”
In 1893 McCook (Amer. Spiders, vol. 3, pp. 52-56) writes:
“Mr. George Carter Bignell has favored:me with an account
of the manner in which Drassus lapidicolens Walckenaer was
attacked by an ichneumon. While walking in the woods he
noticed the spider suspended by a silken drop thread from the
bough of a large oak. Looking for the cause of such a situation,
he found an inchneumon fly walking cautiously down the
thread towards its victim. When close to the spider she
touched it with her antennae, whereat Drassus dropped a few
inches lower. The fly, having apparently ascertained that she
had found a suitable subject, turned round and walked back-
wards until close to the spider, where she paused a few moments,
and then deposited her egg on its abdomen close to the cepha-
lothorax.” Practically the same account is given by Bignell
himself (Trans. of the Devons. Assn., vol. 30, 1898, p. 14).
In addition to the references cited above there have been
many other records published dealing with these insects. Very
few of these have contributed additional facts concerning the
general habits of the group, but have merely recorded the asso-
ciation of different species of the group with their spider hosts
and their specific habits and development.
Another arachnologist, E. Nielsen of Copenhagen, produced
in 1923 (Saertryk of Entomologiske Meddelelser, 14 Bind.,
4-5 Haefte, pp. 137-205) the most exhaustive and best contri-
bution to the subject of the habits of the Polysphinctinae and
the modifications in structure associated with their manner
of living. Nielsen had the very unusual good fortune of finding
in numbers immature stages of several species and made a
detailed study of their habits, structure and life history. He
observed the oviposition of Polysphincta eximia Schmiede-
knecht on Theridium limatum but not the attack. In ovipo-
sition the parasite took up a position with its head opposite
the spinnerets of the spider and its ovipositor at the base of
the abdomen on the upper side. Nielsen does not describe the
egg. In less than an hour the spider had fully recovered from
the effect of the sting.
Somewhat more than a year ago I received from a California
lady a letter regarding some observations she had made on the
habits and life-history of a Polysphincta. The subsequent
correspondence resulted in her writing for publication a popular
account of her observations, which included the complete
development from oviposition to eclosion of the adult. Unfor-
tunately this most interesting arfd delightfully written article
has not yet been published and I am unable to quote from it.
However, my correspondent sent me living material of both
adult parasite, Polysphincta (Zatypota) parva (Cresson), and
36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
spider, Theridium punctipes Emerton, and | was able on several
occasions to observe the act of oviposition. My observations
were made on spiders and parasites confined in test tubes. As
soon as the spider became aware of the proximity of the parasite
it endeavored to catch her, but on discerning the nature of the
intruder retreated into its web, whence it made several vain
attempts to catch or frighten away its enemy. The parasite
advanced and reconnoitered and finally sprang at the spider
and delivered her sting so quickly that I was unable to deter-
mine where the spider was stung. Almost immediately after
the stinging the spider collapsed. The parasite then took up
such a position on the under side of the spider that while she
stung it repeatedly in the mouth between the chelicerae she
was at the same time licking up a drop of fluid that was exuded
from the base of the spider’s abdomen. It seems most likely
that this fluid indicated the location of the first sting Her
appetite satisfied, the parasite changed her position to one
across the underside of the spider at its waist and for some time
apparently scratched the surface of its abdomen near the base
and to one side of the middle with the tip of her ovipositor but
did not thrust it through the skin. She then laid her abdomen
against that of the spider so that the base of her ovipositor
was over the spot where she had been scratching, remained
quiescent for a short time and finally crawled away leaving her
egg glued to the spot. The egg was about half a millimeter
long by about a third as broad and equally rounded at both
ends. It was covered with a shellac-like secretion that spread
out on the surface of the host a short distance beyond the egg.
Blackwall thought that the parasite larva maintained its
position on the spider by means of the mouth and “a viscid
secretion emitted from its caudal extremity.” This opinion
was not refuted until nearly fifty years later, when Borries
(Ent. Meddel., vol. 2, pp. 155-161), working with a single
preserved parasitized. spider discovered that this was accom-
plished by means of the egg-shell and the larval exuvia (Fig.
3). Nielsen found that the newly hatched larva of Poly-
sphincta clypeata Holmgren remains partly enclosed in the
egg-shell (Fig. 6). In Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht he
discovered that each subsequent instar maintains its hold to
the exuvium of the last preceding instar by means of two pairs
of fleshy projections situated on the ventral surface of the
fifth and sixth abdominal segments (Figs. 2, 5) which are
telescoped in the corresponding structures in the previous in-
star. He presents two figures of this mechanism in longi-
tudinal section, of which I teproduce one (text fig.) showing
apparently four exuvia beneath the last stage larva. I have
been able to corroborate the observations of Borries and Niel-
sen in the case of Polysphincta parvae (Cresson).
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 oP
In its last instar the polysphinctine larva has on the dorsum
paired rounded protuberances bearing minute recurved hooks
(Fig. 7 a). The larva spins its cocoon on the spider web and
uses these hooks for suspending itself in the web while laying the
foundations of the cocoon. Having engaged the hooks on the
web the larva retracts the structure within the body, thus
retaining a firm hold. The number and arrangement of these
dorsal “‘pseudopods” varies with the species. Nielsen found
that there are eight pairs in Polysphincta eximia (Fig. 7),
nielseni, tuberosa (Fig. 36), and clypeata (Fig. 38), and seven
e& S
eS oe
Ss HQ
— MN sara séte
)
CL Z
Zac
—v
UVa are
OW, Z
Fe YG
— wy z yj oy,
Ye
ijl =
(P-
Longitudinal section of larva of Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht showing
attachment to host. (Redrawn from Nielsen.)
pairs in pallipes. In all of these the first pair is on the meta-
thorax and the others on the first six or seven abdominal seg-
ments. In Polysphincta percontatoria var. gracilis, however, he
found only four pairs, placed on the third to sixth abdominal
segments.
A third type of external parasitism is in some respects simi-
lar to the second type in that the paralysis of the host is only
temporary, the host at the time of oviposition is not enclosed
in any extraneous covering, and the larva uses the egg-shell as
an anchor for maintaining its position on the host, but the egg
itself is entirely different, being provided with a pedicel which
is thrust through the skin of the host. In the act of oviposition
the egg itself is not enclosed in the ovipositor but is fastened to
it by the pedicel. Representatives of this type are the Paniscini
and probably the true Tryphonini. The habits of the members
38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
of the latter group are very little known except that they are,
for the most part at least, parasitic on the larvae of the saw-
flies, although the habit of certain of them of carrying eggs
on their ovipositors is well known to every collector of Ichneu-
monidae. It is on this habit that the generic names Poly-
blastus and Monoblastus of Hartig dating from 1837 are based,
Polyblastus including originally those species of the old genus
Tryphon Fallen that carry several to many eggs exposed on
the ovipositor and Monoblastus those that carry only one egg
in this manner. Probably most of them attack the host as a
full-grown larva, which later constructs its cocoon. Of Pants-
cus, on the other hand, much has been written and many
figures have been published.
Apparently the first to record any biological observations on
Paniscus was Goedart, who in 1700 (Metamorphoses Naturelles
ou Histoire des Insects, vol. 2, p. 163) reared five specimens
of what was undoubtedly Paniscus cephalotes Holmgren from
the caterpillar of the puss moth (Dicramura vinula). His
figure of the bundle of cocoons from which these specimens
‘emerged is probably the earliest published figure concerning
the early stages of this genus.
The next published observation was that of Bonnet in 1755.
(Mémoires présentés a |’Académie des Sciences de Paris par
divers Scavans, vol. 2, pp. 281-282). In a paper on two para-
sites of the puss-moth, he says (I give a free translation):
“The second species is the more remarkable. _ It lives externally
on the caterpillar; it appears at first in the form of a little egg,
black and brilliant as jet. This little body seems implanted in
the caterpillar by a short pedicel. Little by little there emerges
from under this sort of shell a soft whitish worm. The worm
becomes larger and longer from day to day, but without aban-
doning its shell. The shell seems to diminish in size, or rather
this diminution is only apparent, being due to the comparison
that the eye makes between the size of the shell and the size
of the werm. Finally the worm molts; then the shell drops
and the worm appears much like those that one finds in fruits
or in the bodies of different insects. I have not been able to
find out to what claés it belongs. I have sometimes seen it spin
threads after the manner of caterpillars.’ In 1771 DeGeer
(Memoires pour servir a |’histoire des Insectes, vol. 2, pt. 2,
pp- 850-861) gave a remarkably accurate account of the habits
and development of probably the same species as that observed
by Bonnet. He reared from a cocoon of Dicranura vinula nine
specimens of Paniscus. Upon opening the cocoon he found a
mass of parasite cocoons and the dry and shrunken skin of the
caterpillar. Remarking: “Cependant cette peau m’a fait
voir une chose 4 quoi je ne m’attendois pas et que mérite |’at-
tention d’un naturaliste,” he proceeds to examine this cater-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 39
pillar skin and finds several black shells each strongly attached
and implanted in the skin by means of a long, slender pedicel,
having near its insertion in the skin two or three thickenings sug-
gesting articulations (Fig. 19). To each was attached a white,
wrinkled pellicle which he thought was a single exuvium of
the parasite larva (Fig. 23). DeGeer illustrated his observa-
tions by suprisingly good figures showing the development
and anatomical details of Paniscus.
Newport (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. 21, 1852, pp. 71-76,
Pl. VIII, figs, 13-19) gives an extended account of the habits
and biology of Paniscus virgatus (Fourcroy) as a parasite of
Mamestra pisi. His principal contribution to the knowledge
of the insects of this group is his discovery that the ‘‘ white
pellicle” of DeGeer is composed of the several exuvia of the
larva, each telescoped into the preceding one and the first into
the egg-shell (Fig. 9).
Many writers have recorded additional observations on the
life and habits of Paniscus, but the latest and most detailed is
a paper by Chewyreuv, “Parasites and Hyperparasites,”
published in Russia in 1912. A translation of this was made by
Jacob Kotinsky, formerly of the Bureau of Entomology, and
it is on this translation that the subsequent discussion of
Chewyreuv’s work is based.
The egg of Paniscus is comparatively large, in some species
as much as a millimeter in length, broadly oval, dark brown or
black depending on the species, and at the caudal end has on the
ventral surface a flexible pedicel (Figs. 19, 20, 24, 28, 29, 30).
On the dorsal side near the anterior end there is a small weakly
chitinized depression with radiating grooves, the micropyle
(Fig. 22). Chewyreuv found that the form and structure of
the micropyle differs in different species.
In oviposition only the stalk of the egg is within the channel
of the ovipositor, the egg itself lying along the ventral side
(Fig. 25). The ovipositor is thrust a short distance into the
host, serving to thread the pedicel of the egg through the skin.
The twisting up of the pedicel after it leaves the ovipositor serves
to hold the egg in place while the ovipositor is withdrawn, and
the subsequent healing of the wound in the host fastens it still
more securely.
The hatching of the larva in Paniscus is peculiar in that it
at first only protrudes its head from a slit beginning at the mi-
cropyle and extending backward along the ventral surface of
the egg. The time of hatching has no very intimate relation to the
time of deposition of the egg for in some instances the egg may
not hatch for several days after deposition while at other times
it is already hatched when deposited as shown in Fig. 25.
Paniscus has the habit of throwing off fully developed eggs
for which no host has been found, which action is, at least in
40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
part, to avoid the disastrous results following hatching of the
eggs within the body of the mother. Chewyreuv recorded one
instance of the killing of a female in this manner by her own
progeny.
The larva retains its hold on the egg-shell and thus to its
host until practically full-grown. This is accomplished by
means of a patch of minute forwardly directed spines at the
apex of the last abdominal segment (Fig. 46).
The larval stage consists of five instars each telescoped within
the last preceding exuvium (Figs. 9-21).
In Paniscus and very likely in all of the parasites of this
type the attack of the parasite is made on nearly or quite
full-grown, free-living host larvae, which thereafter burrow into
or some other medium for pupation
The first instar larva of Paniscus (Figs. 26, 27) is short and
fat with a relatively large and narrow, heavily chitinized head,
distinctly constricted at its junction with the body. At each
succeeding molt the head becomes relatively smaller and
broader and less heavily chitinized. At full-growth (Fig. 13)
it is broadest at its junction with the body, much shorter than
broad, and hardly more heavily chitinized than the rest of the
body. As stated before the first instar has only one pair of
spiracles, those on the thorax. These really belong to the
mesothorax, but are pushed forward into the intersegmental
skin between the prothorax and mesothorax and appear to lie
in the prothorax, to which segment Chewyreuv ascribed them.
In the second instar six more pairs appear, one pair on each of
the first six abdominal segments. The third instar adds another
pair on the seventh segment, and the fourth and fifth instars
have each another pair on the eighth segment.
Chewyreuv gives a very long and detailed account of the
attack and oviposition of Paniscus cristatus (Thomson) and
Paniscus ocellaris Thomson. The female parasite first stings
the caterpillar, which attempts to escape by running and rolling
but finally succumbs to the effect of the poison. When the
caterpillar has been rendered helpless the parasite mounts it,
inserts the ovipositor a short distance in the intersegmental
skin between the thoracic segments or between thorax and
abdomen, and there plants her egg (Fig. 39). Eggs that
through faulty instinct are deposited elsewhere do not develop
because they can be reached and destroyed by the caterpillar.
A fourth type of external parasitism is very similar to the
first type discussed in that the egg is deposited externally with
relation to the host. But it differs from the first type in that
there is a partial return to the phytophagous habit.
The only known example of this type of parasitism 1s Grofea
anguina Cresson, a parasite of the bee Ceratina dupla Say, and
to S. Graenicher (Ent. News, 1905, pp. 44-46) is due the credit
of having discovered the very peculiar habits of this species.
i
PROC.. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 41
Graenicher says that the egg of Grosea is usually placed length-
wise on top of the egg of the bee. The larva of the parasite
may emerge either earlier or later than the bee larva, but its
first food is the contents of the egg or of the larva as the case
may be. Thereafter it feeds for several days on the bee bread
stored by the parent bee. This exhausted, it forces its way
into the next cellin the nest, killing the bee larva. It usually
enters a third cell and frequently a fourth, killing the occupant
of each. At the end of about two weeks the parasite larva is
full-grown and begins the construction of its cocoon. After
clearing a space three or four centimeters long of pith, bee bread,
etc., it builds a hard partition at each end of the burrow and
lines the burrow with a thin layer of silk. In this cocoon it
passes the winter emerging as an adult in time to attack the
next generation of Ceratina. Unfortunately Graenicher de-
describes only the egg of Grotea and his article is without illus-
trations. He says the egg is hardly half as long and a fourth
as thick as that of the bee, which he describes as about two and
a half mm. long and one mm. thick.
Forms or INTERNAL PARASITISM.
You will remember that in our general description of internal
parasitism we stated that the egg of the parasite is deposited
and the larva feeds within the body of the host, that the body
of the larva in its early instars is modified for breathing in an
aqueous medium and that the host is not or is only temporarily
comatose after the oviposition of the parasite.
Of this general group there are at least five divisions or types
among the Ichneumonidae. In the least highly specialized
type the host is attacked in a late stage of its development,
full-grown larva or pupa, and the development of the parasite
is not closely synchronized with that of the host. The entire
developmental period is passed within the host, and the parasite
makes very little if any cocoon. Pupation takes place in the
pupa of the host. To this class belong the members of the tribe
Ephialtini and probably those of the tribe Theroniini.
The egg is practically identical in form and structure with
that of the first type of external parasite.
These parasites are very catholic in their selection of hosts
though normally confined to the Lepidoptera. Within this
order, however, they seem to have little choice. Jtoplectis
conquisitor (Say), for example, is known to parasitize a great
many species in both macrolepidoptera and microlepidoptera.
The members of the subfamily Joppinae, which includes
the large genus Ambélyteles, appear to represent a somewhat
different type of parasitism from that of the Ephialtini in being
more highly specialized for the internally parasitic life. As
42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2,. FEB., 1926
is well known the adult parasite emerges from the chrysalis of
the lepidopterous host. The only detailed observations that
I know of on the life and development of a member of this
group are those of Chewyreuv. He states that the host
is attacked in the last larval instar by 4mb/yteles and Ichneumon
(old sense), and he gives accounts of the attack by both Jchneu-
mon sarcitorius Linné and Amblyteles vadatorius Mliger. The
egg of each has a very thin, colorless, transparent chorion
(Fig. 33). He does not give measurements of the egg, but
from the small size of the newly hatched larva (Fig. 32) it is
much smaller in relation to the size of the adult insect than is
that of Jtoplectis.
According to Chewyreuv the newly hatched larva of 4mb/y-
teles vadatorius (Fig. 35) has a relatively large, heavily chiti-
nized yellow head with white body. The body tapers backward
from the head and consists of twelve segments, of which the
last has a transverse groove so that the body seems to be
thirteen-jointed. There are no spiracles. The antennae are
represented by hyaline circles on the upper side of the head.
In the second instar, which is in general very much like the
preceding, the spiracles appear to the full complement of nine
pairs. The author does not say whether or not he considers
them functional, merely describing them as very small and,
according to Kotinsky’s translation, “bung-shaped.” The
third instar, judging from the head shield, which was all that
he knew of it, Chewyreuv says is much like the second. The
fourth and, according to the author, the last instar (Fig. 31),
judging by his figures is of somewhat different form with rela-
tively smaller head and much larger spiracles.
Ina third type of internal parasitism the specialization for the
internally parasitic habit has gone much farther, especially
in the early larval instars. Oviposition of the parasite takes
place when the host is in the larval stage, frequently very
young, the development of the parasite proceeds along with
that of the host, the adult of the parasite emerges from a later
instar of the host larva or from the host pupa. The develop-
ment of the parasite is frequently so closely synchronized with
that of the host that the parasite matures at the time when the
host is in the proper stage of development for parasitization.
Examples of this type of parasitism are to be found in the
Ophionine tribes, Campoplegini and Porizonini, probably also
in other tribes of this subfamily, certain Tryphoninae, and
possible in the Ichneumonine tribes Lissonotini and Glyptini.
The egg is relatively small, elongately oval and more or less
curved (Fig. 10).
The first instar larva is frequently very slender and has the
area of the body surface further relatively increased by an
extension of the last abdominal segment into a longer or shorter
~~ -— —
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 43
tail-like appendage. The head is relatively very large and
heavily chitinized, narrowly attached to the body and with
the mouth on the anterior ventral surface (Figs. 17, 45,
47). Spiracles are absent. During this instar the larva in-
creases very greatly in size with the head and sometimes the
tail retaining their original size (Fig. 15). With its first molt
the larva of Thersilochus was found by Cushman to entirely
change its appearance, the head becoming broader and shorter,
the mouth parts very weak, and the tail disappearing entirely
(Fig. 14). The third instar larva is very similar to the second,
differing practically only in size. The fourth and fifth instars
(Fig. 18) are of the typical ichneumonid form, the last leaving
the body of the host and spinning its cocoon in the under-
ground cell made by the host larva.
Timberlake (Bur. .Ent., Tech. Ser. Bull. 19, part V, 1912),
in a study of (Limnerium) Sesioplex validus (Cresson), and
Tothill (Dept. Agr. Canada Tech. Ser. Bull. 3, 1922), working
with (Campoplex) Hyposoter pilosulus (Provancher), each dis-
tinguished only three larval instars. Both found the second
instar to be quite similar to the first but with shorter tail
(Fig. 43). Tothill states that the spiracles first appear in the
third instar. Timberlake thought the caudal appendage in
the first two instars to be a blood gill, but Tothill showed that
the dorsal blood vessel does not enter the appendage, but that
instead it is a tracheal gill, being completely filled with tracheids
which are connected directly with the tracheal system (Figs.
48, 49), and each at its distal end penetrating the basement
membrane of the body wall into an air chamber formed of a
single very large hypodermal cell. These disappear in the
third instar, when the spiracles become functional (Fig. 50).
A fourth type of internal parasitism, exemplified by Therion
morio (Fabricius) differs from the last type discussed in that
the egg, instead of being simply deposited loosely in the body
cavity of the host is fastened to the inside of its body wall by
a tabor cushion on one side of the egg, which differs further from
that of the simpler type of internal parasites by being greatly
prolonged at the caudal end (Fig. 42). Tothill thought the
attachment pad to represent the micropyle, on what basis he
does not state.
This type of parasitism differs from the simpler type also in
that the first instar larva is enclosed within a membraneous
sac (Fig. 41) which Tothill considered to be the embryonic
membrane, and he therefore terms this instar “the feeding
embryo.” This sac also is fixed to the inside of the body wall
of the host. The function of breathing is accomplished in the
same manner as in Hyposoter (Fig. 44). The larva remains
in the first instar until long after the host has pupated.
44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
In the second instar the larva leaves. the sac and thenceforth
lives free in the fluid body content of the host. From this time
on this type of parasitism does not differ essentially from the
last type discussed. Tothill found three larval instars in
Therion.
Of the last type of internal parasitism that I shall discuss
there is so far as is at present known only one instance, Diplazon
laetatorius (Fabricius), although it is probable that the habits
throughout the tribe Diplazonini are the same. This knowl-
edge concerning the parasitic life of /aetatorius is very meagre.
It has long been known that this species, as well as many others
of the same tribe, are internal parasites of the dipterous family
Syrphidae, emerging from the puparium. But in 1914 Kelly
(Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 7, pp. 294-297) brought out the fact
that the parasite deposits her egg in the egg of the host, thus
passing in its development through three of the stages of its
host.
It is quite probable that there will be found among the Ichneu-
monidae other types of parasitism differing in some important
particular from any of those that I have discussed; but I have
summarized all those types of which I have first-hand knowl-
edge or which I have been able to find discussed in literature.
It is evident from the paucity of the published accounts of
this phase of Ichneumonology that much remains to be done
and should be done.
I have purposely refrained from any detailed discussion of
the comparative morphology of the larvae in the various types
of parasitism and also of the modifications in the adult insects
associated with the different parasitic habits, partly because
its inclusion in this address would have resulted in too great
length and partly because such information as is available is
too fragmentary and in considerable part too inaccurate to be
used as a basis for conclusions.
But from what little study I have made of the immature
stages of insects of this group it is evident that there is here
available much of value in the determination of relationships
within the group.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
Fig. 1.—Cocoon of a polysphinctine. (After DeGeer.)
Fig. 2.—Larva of Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht showing ventral pro-
cesses for attachment to host—lateral view. (After Nielsen.)
Fig. 3.—Polysphincta larva showing attachment to host by means of exuvia.
(After Borries.)
Fig. 4.—A Ceylonese spider with its parasite. (After Green.)
Fig. 5.—Larva of Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht showing ventral pro-
cesses for attachment to host—ventral view. (After Nielsen.)
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28 PLATE 2
CUSHMAN—SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
\.
CUSHMAN—SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM.
PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 28 PLATE 4
CUSHMAN—SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM.
PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
“
“ys
¢ y
‘ Pye
CUSHMAN—SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28 PLATE 6
CUSHMAN—SOME TYPES OF PARASITISM.
50
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fj
_
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
g.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
6.—Newly hatched larva of Polysphincta clypeata Holmgren showing part
of body still enclosed in egg-shell. (After Nielsen.)
7.—Larva of Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht showing “dorsal pseudo-
pods’’; a—a single “pseudopod”’ in lateral view. (After Nielsen.)
8.—Linyphia communis with larva of polysphinctine parasite. (After
Howard.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.
9.—Fourth instar larva of Paniscus virgatus (Fourcroy) showing exuvia
of three previous instars. (Redrawn from Newport.)
10.—Forms of eggs of internal parasites: a—Thersilochus conotracheli
(Riley); 6—Mesoleius balteatus Cushman; c—Campoplex tortrici-
dis Cushman; d—Dioctes obliteratus (Cresson).
11.—Newly hatched larva of Calliephialtes sp. (After Cushman.)
12.—Egg of Calliephialtes sp. (After Cushman.)
13.—Full-grown larva of Paniscus cristatus Thomson. (Redrawn from
Chewyreuv.)
14.—Second instar larva of Thersilochus conotracheli (Riley). (After Cush-
man.)
15.—First instar larva of Thersilochus conotracheli (Riley)—fully fed.
(After Cushman.)
16.—Prepupa of Calliephialtes sp. (After Cushman.)
17.—Newly hatched larva of Thersilochus conotracheli (Riley). (After
Cushman.)
18.—Full-grown larva of Thersilochus conotracheli (Riley). (After Cush-
man.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.
19.—E gg of Paniscus. (After DeGeer.)
20.—Egg of Paniscus pallens Cushman. (After Cushman.)
21.—Larval exuvia of Paniscus pallens Cushman attached to egg-shell.
(After Cushman.)
22.—Micropyle of egg of Paniscus ocellaris Thomson. (After Chewyreuv.)
23.—Egg-shell of Paniscus with larval exuvia attached. (After DeGeer.)
24.—Egg of Paniscus teataceus Gravenhorst. (After Martelli.)
25.—Oviposition of Paniscus cristatus Thomson. (After Chewyreuv.)
26.—First instar larva of Paniscus virgatus (Fourcroy). (After Newport.)
27.—First instar larva of Paniscus ocellaris Thomson. (After Chewyreuv.)
28.—Egg of Paniscus ocellaris Thomson. (After Chewyreuv.)
29.—Egg of Paniscus cristatus Thomson. (After Chewyreuv.)
30.—Egg of Paniscus testaceus Gravenhorst. (After Chewyreuv.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.
31.—Full-grown larva of Amblyteles vadatorius (Illiger). (After Chewy-
reuv.)
32.—Newly hatched larva of Ichneumon sarcitorius Linné. (After Chewy-
reuv.) ;
33.—Egg of Ichneumon sarcitorius Linné. (After Chewyreuv.)
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926 51
Fig. 34.—Fully fed first instar larva of Ichneumon sarcitorius Linné. (After
Chewyreuv.)
Fig. 35.—First instar larva of Amblyteles vadatorius (Illiger). (After Chewy-
reuv.)
Fig. 36.—Larva of Polysphincta tuberosa Gravenhorst. (After Nielsen.)
Fig. 37.—Theridium punctipes Emerton with larva of Polysphincta parva (Cres-
son). (Drawing by Eleanor T. Armstrong.)
Fig. 38.—Larva of Polysphincta clypeata Holmgren. (After Nielsen.)
Fig. 39.—First instar larvae of Paniscus cristatus Thomson in situ on host.
(After Chewyreuv.)
Fig. 40.—Fourth instar larva of Paniscus in situ on host showing exuvia of
first three instars. (After Chewyreuv.)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.
Fig. 41.—First instar larva of Therion morio (Fabricius) in its sac. (After
Tothill.)
Fig. 42—Egg of Therion morio (Fabricius). (After Tothill.)
Fig. 43—Second instar larva of Hyposoter pilosulus (Provancher). (After
Tothill.)
Fig. 44.—Diagram of tracheation of caudal appendage of young larva of Therion
morio (Fabricius). (After Tothill.)
Fig. 45.—First instar larva of Hyposoter pilosulus (Provancher). (After
Tothill.)
Fig. 46.—Apex of abdomen of larva of Paniscus ocellaris Thomson. (After
‘ Chewyreuv.)
Fig. 47.—First instar larva of Sestoplex validus (Cresson). (After Timberlake.)
Fig. 48.—Diagram of first instar of Hyposoter pilosulus (Provancher) showing
tracheation of caudal appendage. (After Tothill.)
Fig. 49—Same, second instar. (After Tothill.)
Fig. 50.—Third instar of same showing lack of tracheation. (After Tothill.)
CHANGE OF NAME IN ISOPTERA.
By Tuos. E. Snyper, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
In a paper entitled “‘New Termites from Guatemala, Costa
Rica and Colombia” (Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, No. 1,
pp. 16-28, Jan. 4, 1926), the writer described (p. 23) a termite
from Costa Rica under the name Kalotermes (Calcaritermes)
thompsonae. Since the name fhompsonae is preoccupied in the
genus Kalotermes by K. (Cryptotermes) thompsonae Snyder
(which I have made a synonym of K. (Cryptotermes) dudleyi
Banks), I therefore propose for Kalotermes (Calcaritermes)
thompsonae the name—
Kalotermes (Calcaritermes) fairchildi, new name.
Dr. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer of the United
States Department of Agriculture, has made important investi-
gations of termites, and I take pleasure in naming this species
after him.
ae PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 2, FEB., 1926
A NEW COLEOPHORA FROM NEW YORK (LEPIDOPTERA:
COLEOPHORIDAE).
By Cart Hernrtcu, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
The following-was received from Mr. E. A. Hartley of the
New York State College of Forestry with request for a name.
Coleophora albovanescens, new species.
Antenna with large basal tuft; white annulated with pale drab brown; basal
tuft with a slight ochreous or smoky shading beneath and sometimes above
towards extremity. Palpus white with a few pale drab scales along upper
edge. Face and head white. Thorax white with a fine median longitudinal
line of yellow scales (in type) or a rather broad median yellow patch (in para-
types); tegula white, more or less tinged with yellow at extremity. Forewing
yellow striped with white and (in paratypes) with more or less shading of
fuscous toward costa and apex; white markings variable, consisting of a rather
broad stripe along costa from base to end of cell, another on basal half of dor-
sum, a thinner and longer stripe along vein 1c, a short median stripe from
middle of cell to base of vein 3, a couple of indistinct lines of white scales in
apical third and a scattering of coarse white scales at base of cilia (these mark-
ings are most pronounced in the type while in one of the. paratypes they are
overlaid with dark scaling and nearly obsolete); cilia pale glossy brown. Upper
side of hind wing and under sides of fore and hind wings a uniform dark brown.
Legs white with tarsi faintly annulated; hind tibiae more or less shaded with °
pale ochreous drab.
Alar expanse.—13-14 mm.
Type—Cat No. 28924, U. S. N. M.
Type locality —Cranberry Lake, New York.
Food Plants —Yellow Birch and Beech.
Described from male type, one male and one female paratypes
all from the type locality; the type reared from yellow birch
(‘“7-3-25”” E. A. Hartley) and the two paratypes from beach
(7-12-25” and “7-21-25,” E. A. Hartley).
The larvae are external feeders and the larval case is of the “‘pistol”’ type,
black and similar to that of ti/iaefoliella Clemens, with postol handle turned
down abruptly (at right angle with upper edge); upper edge straight; lower
edge somewhat irregular; barrel of case broadening towards handle; flaps
present, small, appressed; mouth but slightly deflected; 7-8 mm. long.
An easily recognized species. As the species are arranged
in Forbes’ ‘Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States”’
(Cornell Univer. Agr. Exp. Sta. Memoir 68, 1923), it would
come between wigralineella Chambers and ¢iliaefoliella Clemens.
Actual date of publication, February 26, 1926.
EDITORIAL.
In our modern world the soundest of principles often suffer
through exaggeration and misapplication. We torture them out
of shape to make them cover a host of alien things. So with
Democracy. From a principle we have transformed it into a
cult, a kind of universal religion that we feel obliged.to profess
at all times and in all places, and to whose precepts appeal for
judgment and direction of our acts—at least of such acts as
have any social consequence. In actual practice we do as men
-have ever done, live comfortably under the faith without ful-
filling it any too faithfully. In one respect, however, we are
consistent. Deducing, with a kind of perverse logic, from a
special truth to a general application of it, we attempt to apply
the democratic principle to some things to which it definitely
does not apply. Science is one of these. Science is essen-
tially aristocratic. It is something for the many but of the few
and by the very few. It does not submit either its findings
or its methods to the judgment of the masses or the classes or
to the peculiar standards of any age. It does not even recog-
nize the right or propriety of scientists to set up among them-
selves a court of demos. Its immediate appeal is to the best
few, the most intelligent, the most idealistic. Its ultimate
appeal is to the test of time—the ordeal of experiment. Its
standard is the highest possible achievement. Its objective—
truth. It reserves to itself the fullest freedom to examine all
things, to revise its judgments and—if greater knowledge
warrants—to completely reorder itself. It acknowledges ob-
ligation to serve the necessities of man; but it does not admit
the right of these necessities either, to define its liberties or to
restrict its field of inquiry. It has a valid place in a demo-
cratic world, but it is not in itself democratic, nor does it admit
into its constitution the fundamental principle of democracy—
the rule of the many. It should not, therefore, if it is to remain
true to itself, be entirely dependent for support upon the
caprices of the many, upon the fees it can earn as a practical
servant of public or private interest. It should have a support
that will enable it always to maintain its freedom, that will
allow it (whatever else it may do besides) to continue the search
for truth unhampered by economic considerations of the mo-
ment or the whims of majorities. As research pure and simple
it has a right of its own.
—Carl Heinrich.
NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS.
A List of British Aphides, F. Davidson, 1925, Longmans, Green
and Co., pp. I-IX, 1-176; price, $4.50—This is one of the’
Rothamsted Monographs on Agricultural Science. Section I
of the book gives a list of the species, with their important syno-
nyms, their food plants and distribution in Britain, and refer-
ences to the best writings on each species. Section II contains
a list of the genera used, with references to original descriptions,
together with synonyms and critical notes. Section III is a
list of the host plants, with the species of aphids found on each.
Section IV is a rather complete bibliography of the important
literature dealing with the biology and systematic study of
the species concerned.
The type is pleasingly large. Valid specific names are in
bold face, synonyms in italics.
To the economic entomologist this will prove to be a very
valuable reference book. To the specialist on aphids it will
be very useful when he is considering British and European
forms, many of which are known at present only from rather
poor descriptions. While the generic placing of all of the species
probably could not please all taxonomists, this does not detract
from the value of the work. A few typographical errors in
page references are easily overlooked. It is, on the whole, a
most valuable book. One can only wish that the species of
the entire world could be treated in as careful a manner.
—P. W. Mason.
VOL, 28 MARCH, 1926 No. 3
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
) y ae |
based partly on an examination of cotypes. If these are two
varieties it is the darker northern form which would need a
different name.
Dr. Bequaert has suggested (in litt. Dec. 2, 1925) that the
form described by Shipp as Vespa westwoodi1 (Psyche, vol. 6,
1893, p. 450) is the same as communis Saussure. This may
be correct, but Shipp’s description is based on a discolored
specimen and is so inadequate that I can not satisfactorily
associate his form with any following three species as defined
in du Buysson’s revision: germanica Fabricius, communis Saus-
sure or vu/garis Linnaeus. Assuming certain characters Shipp’s
description seems to agree rather satisfactorily with Sladen’s
darker northern form treated as communis var. communis. If
this assumption is correct then the proper name of this common
yellow-jacket would be westwoodii. Shipp’s description of
westwoodii calls for the following color markings which do not
agree with the material of maculifrons before me: (1) supra-
clypeal spot apparently well separated from the marks in the
emargination of the eye; (2) markings of the posterior orbits
interrupted and forming two spots; (3) first tergite apparently
without yellow just before the anterior declivity; (4) tibia “with
a black patch in the center of the inner margin.” With these
apparent minor differences, it seems advisable to refrain from
expressing a definite opinion on the form described as westwoodit
until the type, which is in the Oxford Museum, can be studied.
The following bibliography summarizes the above discussion
and gives the more important taxonomic references to this
common yellow-jacket.
Vespula (Vespula) maculifrons (R. du Buysson).
? Vespa westwoodii Suipp, Psyche, vol. 6, 1893, p. 450.
Vespa communis Saussure, Settin. Ent. Zeit., vol. 18, 1857, p. 117 (not Schrank,
Neu. Magaz. Liebh. Entom., vol. 2, 1785, p. 328); R. pu Buysson, Ann.
Soc. Ent. France, vol. 73, 1904, p. 606; SLADEN, Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 32,
1918, p. 71.
Vespa maculifrons R. pu Buysson, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 73, 1904, p. 608.
(Cited as a collection manuscript name for specimens from Wilmington,
Delaware, in connection with du Buysson’s redescription of communis
Saussure.)
Vespa germanica Fabricius, Lewis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, 1897, p.
177; Maruatr; Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash:, vol. 2,/ 18915 paa0-84., (east
reference based on a misidentification as evidenced by specimens in U. S.
National Museum.)
Vespa communis var. flavida SLADEN, Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 32, 1918, p. 71.
(Sladen gives this as a new name for pennsylvanica of Authors, but I am
uncertain to which authors he refers—certainly not to Saussure or du
Buysson.)
Vespula (Vespula) maculifrons, variety?
? Vespa westwoodii Suipp, Psyche, vol. 6, 1893, p. 450.
Vespa communis var. communis SuapeN, Ottawa Naturalist, vol. 32, 1918,
pe We
Actual date of publication, April 21, 1926.
EDITORIAL.
The following “Reply” to my editorial in the December,
1925, issue was received with the request that we publish it.
I do so—without comments.
—Carl Heinrich.
A Reply to the pseudo-critical comments which were published
in the December issue of the Proceedings=—One stands aghast
at the apparent colossal ignorance of this American scientist,
of the evolution of species and all its attendant necessary
hypotheses; ignorance (that is the w7/fu/ ignoring) of the won-
derful sequence of undoubted, suggestive facts, which support
the mighty principle. We all remember the indecency of the
notorious trial of last year in the West; is it that the writer
“fears for his skin” and produces this floundering torrent of
abuse worthy of Caliban in Shakespeare’s “Tempest,” with-
out uttering one word of disproof, one word of argument, one
word of repellant fact, in anticipation of future local prejudice?
Has the writer never heard of “hormones”? We pity him.
’Tis nearly thirty years ago now when we read that wonderful
book by Geddes & Thompson, “The Evolution of Sex.” There
we found the “Contest of catabolics and anabolics” the kéy
of much of the argument used to explain the abundance of facts
and phenomena reviewed by those now illustrious teachers.
Our critic (sic) does not criticise, he vituperates, he absolutely
ignores the latest discoveries, which, if to become established,
must be applied and stand the test of applicability in all kinds
of circumstances; he even goes out of his way to sneer at
eugenics, that attempt to utilize for the benefit of the future
human race the experience of the past, as the “last infirmity
of scientific minds.” We are astonished that a worthy society
allows its pages to be used to utter the low down scum of frothy
journalism.
iy, Ja Parner,
Editor of the “Entomologist’s Record
& Fournal of Variation.”
mn
Hoya!
VOL, 28 MAY, 1926 No. 5
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
CONTENTS
CAUDELL, A. N.—A NEW SPECIES OF STONE CRICKET FROM ARKANSAS
(ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIDAE; RHAPHIDOPHORINAE) ....... 95
DOZIER, H. L.—SOME NEW PORTO RICAN SCALE PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA:
EN ONIRECI ATE) lee As! at ee. Mok oe let eee 97
ST. GEORGE, R. A.—TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF THE LARVAE OF THE GENERA
TENEBRIO AND NEATUS LE CONTE (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) . 102
SHANNON, RAYMOND C.—THE OCCURRENCE OF AN AMERICAN GENUS IN
EUROPE AND A EUROPEAN GENUS IN AMERICA (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE;
SEPSTDAE) Meta (ape, Sets My A WES Fart aks fee nt eee ml I
PusiisHED Monrtuiy Excerpt Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
Act of August 24, 1912.
Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3, 1917, authorized July 3 1918.
THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
Orcanizep Marcu 12, 1884.
The regular meetings of the Society are held on the first Thursday of each
month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 p. mM.
Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the ProcEEpINGs and any manuscript submitted by them is given
precedence over any submitted by non-members.
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1926.
Honorary sPresident .. sAstl oa 2G ee eee ee ee en ae
IPRESIGERE Se Ria ef ee oe ee eA Te ee
KigsrtVace- Presidente pte ne. 2 eek ct) eta) ee ee Ace Oe
Second, Vice=Presiaent: de se a eee
Recording Secretary. ws .25)% vy esi e se. Ae Cos eG Reb Ee
Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer .......... .S. A. ROHWER
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
dtior spel ea ved y.Sona me .. 4 4 4 CARE HEINRICH
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Executive Committee: THe Orricers and W. R. Watron, A. N. Caupe tt,
T. E. Snyper.
Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of
SCHOLES ie OL. SR tN DURE IPRS ERS he Re, VG ae
PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 28 MAY 1926 No. 5
A NEW SPECIES OF STONE CRICKET FROM ARKANSAS
(ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIDAE; RHAPHIDOPHORINAE).
By A. N. Caupeti, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
Ceuthophilus marshalli, new species.
Male.—Head yellow, smooth, the vertex very slightly tuberculously swollen;
eyes black, small, about as long as broad, pointed below. Thorax smooth,
yellow, with each section darker posteriorly; pronotum about as long as the
meso- and metanotum together. Legs uniformly yellow, moderately slender;
anterior femora a little longer than the pronotum, armed beneath on the an-
terior margin at about the apical fifth with a single large articulate spine;
middle femora armed ventrally with three spines on the anterior margin, the
largest situated about as the one on the fore femora, the other two smaller,
the basal one situated a little beyond the middle, and on the posterior margin
with one rather large genicular spine and one to three very small spines situated
about as those on the outer margin;! posterior femora three times as long as
the greatest width and tapering almost to the tip; ventral margins armed with
short triangular teeth, those on the outer margin closer together, over thirty in
number and extending to within about a fifth of the base, those of the inner
margin smaller, about the same in number, situated a little further apart and
extending to within a very short distance of the base; dorsal surface of these
femora finely granulate, without acute points, or with one or two very minute
ones; central sulcus broad for its entire length, narrowing slightly basally; an-
terior tibiae a little shorter than their corresponding femora, armed dorsally with
sharp genicular spine on each side and beneath with three small spines on the
anterior margin and two on the opposite margin, in addition to the larger
apical pair; median tibiae about as long as their femora and armed as
in the anterior ones with an additional pair of dorsal spines situated slightly
distad of the middle; posterior tibiae subequal in length with their femora,
straight, armed beneath with a pair of very minute apical spines and a
subapical one situated on the median line, above with four pairs of spines,
scarcely divergent, slightly slanting backwards, but little longer than
1In the o& holotype there is but one of these small spines on the left femur,
situated about the middle, and two on the right femur, situated approximately .
opposite the one on the left side; in the adult o paratype there are two on one
femur and none on the other, and the allotype‘has this margin wholly unarmed
except for the genicular spine; thus it appears rather certain that these spines
when present will vary in number from one to three.
96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926
the tibial width and situated almost opposite each other and each pair
separated by subequal distances, the basal pair slightly beyond the basal fifth
and the apical pair at the apical fifth; in addition to the above noted spines
there are the usual apical calcars, three on each side, the dorsal pair of about the
same length as the adjacent pair of dorsal spines and indistinguishable from
them in form; the median pair about twice as long as the upper, the inner one
slightly the longer and about three fourths as long as the posterior metatarsus;
the ventral calcars slightly shorter than the dorsal ones. Anterior and middle
tarsi a little shorter than their tibiae and the posterior ones about one half as
long as their corresponding tibiae; posterior metatarsus subequal in length with
the other three combined; second segment distinctly, but less than twice, longer
than deep, and fully twice as long as the third segment.
Abdomen brownish yellow, paler beneath, moderately tapering and with the
dorsal surface smooth; eighth dorsal segment apically transverse, similar to
the preceeding one; ninth dorsal segment projecting conspicuously beyond the
eighth and apically deeply notched, the lateral angles assuming a vertical
position from a lateral view appearing as in Fig. Supraanal plate almost
hidden in the holotype but in the o paratype it 1s seen to be triangular and a
little longer than broad; subgenital plate apically triangularly notched, the
notch apically occupying the greater part of the width of the plate; cerci simple,
slender, thickest part a little basad of the middle, the length about the same
as the greatest width of the posterior femora.
Ceuthophilus marshalli, end of female abdomen with one cercus removed.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926 97
Female.—Coloration and structure as in the male except in the following
features: The median femora are unarmed on the posterior ventral margin ex-
cept for the genicular spine, though in some specimens this margin will very
surely be found armed with from one to three small spinules as in the male;
posterior femora armed beneath on both margins in a little more than the apical
half with many very minute teeth, more numerous on the outer margin; middle
tibiae with two medio-dorsal spines on the right tibia and one on the anterior
margin only of the other one; ninth segment of abdomen inconspicuous, almost
hidden beneath the eighth. Subgenital plate apically rounded or, in dried
specimens, mesially broadly notched; ovipositor noticeably longer than the
pronotum, the outer valves smooth and apically curved upwards and very
sharply pointed, the inner valves apically very sharply pointed and decurved
and with four ventral teeth, sharp and, especially the distal ones, very slender.
Measurements.—Pronotum, o7, 4.5; 9, 3.5 mm.; anterior femora, <7, 5,
9, 4.25 mm.; posterior femora, o7, 10, 2, 8 mm.; posterior tibia, co”, 10.5,
2, 9 mm.; ovipositor, 5 mm.; width, posterior femora at widest point, <7, 3.3,
9, 2.5 mm.
Holotype 3, allotype 9, paratypes A, adult , B, C, D,
and FE, adult 9° 9, and F to K, immature males. All taken at
the type locality by B. C. Marshall. All the adult material was
taken in October, 1925, except one female, paratype C, which
was taken the previous February. The nymphs were taken in
February, March and October, 1925. All were sent pinned
except paratypes D and E which were in spirits. Paratypes
B and C appear as if they also had been preserved for a time in
spirits as the colors seem somewhat faded.
Types.—Holotype, allotype and paratypes A, C, E, F, G and
K in the National Museum (Cat. No. 28934, U. S. N. M.); the
rest of the material returned to the collector.
Type locality —\Imboden, Arkansas.
SOME NEW PORTO RICAN SCALE PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA:
ENCYRTIDAE).
By H. L. Dozter,! Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station.
The writer while conducting some scale and whitefly para-
site studies in Porto Rico, during 1925, reared a large number of
very interesting forms, many of which proved to be new to
science. Two of the species described in this paper are pri-
mary parasites of the Pustule Scale, which is a very destructive
pest in the West Indies. This scale occurs in Florida, where
it disfigures the oleander. It would be very interesting to de-
termine whether or not these two parasites also occur there.
Thanks are due Mr. P. H. Timberlake, who kindly confirmed the
‘Formerly Chief Entomologist, Insular Expt. Station, Rio Piedras, Porto
Rico,
98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926
validity of these species and has helped the writer in many ways
in his study of these minute parasites. The new genus is named
in honor of Dr. Ricardo G. Mercet, who has recently revised
and done so much in this group and who has also confirmed the
validity of the genus and species.
MERCETIELLA, new genus.
Female: Closest perhaps to Metaphycus, but with the mesonotum and scutel-
lum very strongly reticulated, and having no trace of parapsidal furrows.
Scutellum no wider than long and decidely more acute at apex than in Aphycus
and with the setae long and bristle-like. Body rather robust and non-metallic,
the abdomen rather short, rounded at the apex and with the ovipositor reaching
internally nearly to the base; the tactile plates very much retracted and situated
rather closer to the base than to the middle thereby differing from true 4phycus,
which generally have the plates placed beyond the middle, at least in the female.
Antennae of female are typical of Mercet’s Euaphycus group, the funicle com-
posed of six joints and the club three-segmented, but having the scape and
pedicel microscopically reticulated. Mandibles tridentate, the three teeth
being about equal in length and distinctly more acute than in the Euaphycus
group. Maxillary palpi three-segmented, the labial palpi two-segmented.
Wings ApAycus-like in arrangement and density of pubescence and in the shape
of the submarginal vein; the marginal vein is distinctly longer than wide and
the stigmal vein is comparatively short, wide at the apex and much constricted
at its base.
Male: Differing from the female in having antennae with numerous long
hairs which are longer and more prominent than in the species of true Aphycus.
The hairs are about as long and prominent as in Metaphycus melanostomatus,
but the first funicle joint 1s not lengthened as in that species. The reticulated
scape and pedicel readily associate the male with the female even were biologi-
cal data lacking.
Genotype.—Mercetiella reticulata Dozier.
Mercetiella reticulata, new species.
(Mextitigs 1-92)735)
Female.—Rather robust. Frontovertex over twice as long as wide, the
ocelli placed in an acutely angled triangle. Eyes sparse and very finely hairy.
Antennal scape cylindrical, narrow, and only slightly widened in center; pedicel
almost as long as the first three funicle joints; first five funicle joints of nearly
equal length, each gradually increasing in width until the sixth is almost twice
as wide as the first; club elongate oval, slightly wider than the last funicle
joint, slightly pointed at apex and as long as the last five funicle joints com-
bined. Wings uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak interrupted be-
low, the cut-off portion separated from the basal hairless streak by two indis-
tinct and faint rows of cilia. Pronotum, metanotum, and propodeum dis-
tinctly reticulated and with sparse whitish hairs.
ee
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926 go)
Coloration.—Head including the eyes black, vertex yellowish with its base
darker. Thorax black which becomes brownish in balsam-mounted speci-
mens and in these a narrow, pale, median, longitudinal stripe becomes visible.
Abdomen testaceous yellow, with a median irregular fuscous patch on dorsum
near base; slight infuscation along the posterior margins; in balsam-mounted
specimens this dorsal fuscous patch breaks up into a more irregular, less notice-
able patch, distinctly reddish in color. Antennae yellowish, scape without
markings, pedicel and club brown, the first five funicle joints very slightly
darker than the sixth. Legs whitish except the tarsi, which are testaceous
yellow, the fore-legs without markings; the middle femora with an interrupted,
distally located, indistinct blackish band, the tibiae with two more or less in-
terrupted blackish bands; the hind tibiae with two more or less distinct blackish
bands.
Length (exclusive of ovipositor).—.820—.920 mm.
Fig. 1. Mercetiella reticulata, adult female, greatly enlarged.
Male.—Pubescence of the eyes sparse and very short and fine. Antennae
with numerous long, conspicuous hairs; scape and pedicel reticulated; scape
very slightly widened in the center where it is about as wide as the pedicel
which is decidely wider than the joints of the funicle; all joints of the funicle
increase in length so that the sixth is over twice as long as the first and nearly
as wide as the club; the club nearly three times as long as the sixth funicle
joint.
Entire body black, becoming brown in balsam mounts. Antennae entirely
dusky. Fore and middle legs dusky, lightened up at the distal and proximal
ends of femora and tibiae; tibiae of hind legs with two more or less distinct
blackish bands.
Length.—.820 mm.
100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5; MAY, 1926
Described from a series of four females and one male reared
from the Pustule Scale, Asterolecanium pustulans, on Balsa
wood tree, Nov. 23, 1924, or ve females and two males reared
from same insect on Cassia fistula tree during May 16-21, 1925,
and a large series of males-and females reared from similar
material November, 1925; all reared by the writer from ma-
terial collected at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico.
Holotype male, allotype and one paratype female on same
slide, and two females and two males mounted on card points,
deposited in the U. S. National Museum (Type Cat. No.
28982); paratypes in collections of the writer, P. H. Timber-
lake, R. G. Mercet, and the Porto Rican Insular Experiment
Station.
Descriptions are made from slide-mounted specimens and
fresh living material. This species is a primary parasite of
Asterolecanium pustulans, and aids in checking this serious
pest of the fig, Cassia fistula, silver oak (Grevillea sp.), oleander,
mulberry, and many other trees and shrubs.
According to Mr. P. H. Timberlake, Asterolecanium pustu-
lans is a common scale in Hawaii but has no parasites there
except Tomocera californica. This latter parasite, so far, is
not known to occur in Porto Rico and might prove a valuable
introduction as it is also an enemy of the Black Scale, Saissetia
oleae.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
2. Mercetiella reticulata, female and male antennae greatly enlarged.
3. Mercetiella reticulata, mandible, greatly enlarged.
4. Euaphycus portoricensis, female and male antennae, greatly enlarged.
Euaphycus portoricensis, new species.
(Text fig. 4.)
Female.—Frontovertex over twice as long as wide, the ocelli placed in an
equilateral triangle. Antennal scape long, narrow, flattened but not greatly
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926 101
widened; pedicel about as long as the first three funicle joints combined, the
first three funicle joints are of about the same length and width, the others
distinctly increasing in width; club distinctly wider than the funicle, elongate
oval, obtusely rounded at apex. Maxillary palpi three-segmented, the mandi-
bles tridentate. Wings uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak of the
forewing interrupted by several rows of cilia. Ovipositor protruded.
Coloration. Head and body yellow with the mesonotum and scutellum dis-
tinctly orange. Eyes with greenish bloom in life. Antennal scape pale with
the outer half fuscous; basal half of pedicel blackish, the apical half whitish;
first five funicle joints and club brown, the sixth funicle joint whitish. Abdo-
men yellow with an irregular patch of brown on dorsum. Legs whitish, middle
femora with indistinct black band, the tibiae with two black annulations; two
more or less distinct bands on hind tibiae and the juncture of the femora with
the tibiae, blackish; tarsi yellowish.
Length (exclusive of ovipositor).—.960 mm.
Male.—Vertex, pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum distinctly reticulated,
quite similar to Mercetiella reticulata, the mesonotal hairs showing rather prom-
inently on account of their dark color, abundant and bristle-like. Under high
power of the microscope the hind margins of the abdominal segments are faintly
reticulated. Antennae similar in shape to those of the female but the club is
distinctly longer and more narrow in proportion.
General color brown with the dorsum of thorax black, the entire insect, how-
ever, lightens up when mounted in balsam on slides. Antennae entirely dusky
except the scape, which is whitish with the outer margin striped with fuscous
part of its length. The middle and hind tibiae with two more or less distinct
black bands, and both distinctly black at the junction of the femora and tibiae.
Length.—.760 mm.
Described from two females and one male May 14, 1925,
and two females and one male Nov. 14-16, 1925, all rere by
the writer from 1G] eee ete eS ee Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ARENDSEN Hein, S. A.—Entomologische Mitteilungen, Berlin, Band
DON. 21993;
Biartr, K. G.—Some Notes on the Insect Intermediate Hosts of Gongy-
lonema. Jour. Trop. Med. & Hygiene, p. 76, Feb. 2, 1925.
Bévinc, ApAm GiepE.—The Larvae and Pupae of the Social Beetles
Coccidotrophus socialis (Schwarz and Barber) and Eunausibius wheeleri
(Schwarz and Barber) with Remarks on the Taxonomy of the family
Cucujidae. Zoologica, New York Zool. Soc., Vol. III, No. 3, Dec. 24,
SDI
Cuapuis, F. er CanpEze, E. M.—Catalogue des Larves Coléoptéres
connues jusqu’a ce jour. Mem. Soc. Roy. Liége, Vol. VIII, 1853.
Corton, R. T., anp Sr. Georce, R. A.—The Meal Worms With Techni-
cal Descriptions of the Larvae. U.S. D. A. Bull. — —
Curtis, JoHn.—British Entomology, London, Vol. VII, 1823.
DeGeer, C.—Mémoires a l’histoire des Insectes, T. 5, p. 35, 1775.
Ericuson, W. F., Kigsenwetter, E. H. A. von, Serpiitz, G. von.—
Naturgeschichte der Insekten Deutschlands, Vol. 5, p. 628-630, 1896.
Friscu, J. L.—Beschreibung von allerley Insekten in Teutschland, Berlin,
1721, t. 3, pp. 1-3, tab. lf 1-4.
Gorze, J. A. E—Belehrung, 1796, pp. 35-67.
* Hacen, H. A.—Stettin Ent. Zeitschr., t. 14, p. 56, 1853.
Hammerscumipt, C. E.—Beitr. Ent. tab. 6, 1833.
LarreIL_e, P. A.—Histoire des Insectes, Vol. 10, p. 289, 1804.
Mutsant, E.—Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France, 1854.
Mutsant, E. er GuitteBeAu, F.—Notes pour servir a |’histoire des
Tenebrions, Ann. Soc. Linn., Lyon, ser. 2, t. 2, opusc. T. 6, 1854, 1855.
Perris, E.—Larves de Coléoptéres, Ann. Soc. Linn., Lyon T. 22, 1876.
Posse tt, C. Fr.—Beitr. zur Anat. d. Insekten, p. 25, tab. 3f, 1-14, 1804.
RuperTsBERGER, M.—Die Larven der Kafer in “ Natur und Offenbarung,”
T. 21-24, 1875-1878.
ScuiopTE, J. C.—De Metamorphosi Eleutheratorum Observationes,
Kjobenhavn, Pars. X, Tenebriones, Naturh. Tidsskr. 3 Ser., vol. 11, 1879,
pp. 479-598.
Sr. Georce, R. A.—Studies on the Larvae of North American Beetles of
the Subfamily Tenebrioninae with a Description of the Larva and
Pupa of Merinus laevis (Olivier). Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 65, Art.
1, pp. 1-22, Pls. 1-4, 1924:
108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926
21. Wane, J. S. Ano Bovine, Apam G. —Biology of Embaphion muricatum
Say. Jour. Agri. Res., Vol. XXII, No. 6, Nov. 5, 1921.
22. Wane, J. S., anp Sr. Georce, R. A.—Biology of the False Wireworm
Eleodes suturalis Say. Jour. Agri. Res., Vol. XX VI, No. 11, Dec. 15, 1923.
23. WarerHousE, G. R.—Description of the Larvae and Pupae of various
species of Coleopterous Insects. Trans. Ent. Soc., London, t. 1, p. 27-34,
pl. 1, 1834.
24. Westwoop, J. O.—An Introduction to the Modern Classification of In-
sects, etc., I, p. 317, Fig. 38, 1839.
—* Quotations marked with (*) from other authors and not verified by the
present writer.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9.
Figures drawn with aid of camera lucida by the author.
Fig. 1. Tenebrio obscurus. Dorsal side of left mandible; a!, a? the bicuspi-
date apex; t, tooth of cutting edge; m, molar part; c, rounded sur-
face on exterior side of cutting edge; p, excavation opposite molar
part.
Fig. 2. Tenebrio obscurus. Ventral side of right mandible; explanation of
letters as for figure 1.
Fig. 3. Neatus picipes. Ventral side of left mandible; explanation of letters
as for figure 1.
Fig. 4. Neatus picipes. Anterior portion of head of larva from above, show-
ing the clypeus (cl) and labrum (lab).
Fig. 5. Tenebrio obscurus. Anterior portion of head of larva from above,
showing the clypeus (cl) and labrum (lab).
Fig. 6. Tenebrio molitor. Maxilla of larva from ventral side; mxp, maxillary
palpus; ma, mala; pag, basal membrane of maxillary palpus; sti,
stipes maxillaris; ca, cardo; ar, maxillary articulating area.
Fig. 7. Tenebrio molitor. Epipharynx and anterior margin of labrum; eph,
epipharynx; so, so, and soz, sensory organs; h, median hooks; tb,
transverse band; t and ty, teeth.
Fig. 8. Tenebrio opacus. Epipharynx and anterior margin of labrum; ex-
planation of letters as for figure 7,
Fig. 9. Neatus picipes. Epipharynx and anterior margin of labrum; explana-
tion of letters as for figure 7.
Fig. 10. Neatus picipes. Right prothoracic leg of larva, showing anterior view;
cox, coxa; tr, trochanter; fe, femur; ti, tibia; ta, tarsus.
Fig. 11. Tenebrio molitor. Left prothoracic leg of larva, showing posterior
face; explanation of letters as for figure 10.
Fig. 12. Tenebrio molitor. Left mesothoracic leg of larva, showing posterior
face; explanation of letters as for figure 10.
Fig. 13. Tenebrio obscurus. Right prothoracic leg of larva, showing anterior
face; explanation of letters as for figure 10.
PLATE 9
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
LARVAE OF TENEBRIO AND NEATUS.
ST. GEORGE
PLATE 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
ST. GEORGE—LARVAE OF TENEBRIO AND NEATUS.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
14.
16:
16.
Wie
18.
il)
Dike
Piphs
i)
Ww
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926 111
ExpLANATION OF PLaTeE 10.
Neatus picipes. Antenna of larva; bm, basal articulating membrane.
Tenebrio opacus. Antenna of larva.
Tenebrio obscurus. Antenna of larva; bm, basal articulating mem-
brane; 1, first or basal article; 2, second or postapical article; 3,
third or apical article.
Tenebrio molitor. Antenna of larva.
Tenebrio molitor. Side view of first abdominal segment with spiracle
and longitudinal line greatly magnified; mb, marginal band; Il,
longitudinal line; p. peritremal frame.
Tenebrio obscurus. Side view of first abdominal segment (I) with
spiracle and longitudinal line greatly magnified; explanation of
letters as for figure 18.
Neatus picipes. Side view of first abdominal segment with spiracle
and longitudinal line greatly magnified; explanation of letters as
for figure 18.
Tenebrio opacus. Side view of first abdominal segment with spiracle
and longitudinal line greatly magnified; explanation of letters as
for figure 18.
Tenebrio opacus. Pygidium of larva; side view, showing posterior
portion of eighth (VIII), ninth and tenth abdominal segments;
IX, IX, ninth abdominal (“pygidial”’) segment, dorsal and ventral
parts; X, tenth abdominal (‘“anal”’) segment, showing upper and
lower lips; b and c, two-folded articulating membrane between
ninth and tenth segments; ap, ambulatory papilla.
Tenebrio obscurus. Pygidium of larva, side view; explanation of
numbers and letters as for figure 22.
Tenebrio molitor. Pygidium of larva, side view; explanation of num-
bers and letters as for figure 22.
Tenebrio opacus. Pygidium of larva, dorsal view; VIII, posterior
portion of eighth abdominal segment; IX, ninth abdominal seg-
ment.
Neatus picipes. Pygidium of larva, dorsal view} explanation of num-
bers as for figure 25.
Alphitobius species. Pygidium of larva, dorsal view; explanation of
numbers as for figure 25.
m2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926
THE OCCURRENCE OF AN AMERICAN GENUS IN EUROPE AND
A EUROPEAN GENUS IN AMERICA: (DIPTERA:
SYRPHIDAE; SEPSIDAE):
By Raymonp C. Suannon, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
While I was visiting Herr Theodor Becker at his home in
Leignitz, Germany, last July (1925), he gave me a male and
female of a new species of Chalcomyia, a genus of Syrphidae
hitherto known only from America, with his permission to de-
scribe and deposit the types in the U. S. National Museum.
He has also determined for me specimens of a species of Sepsidae,
Amphipogon spectrum Wahlberg, which my wife and I collected
in Czecho Slovakia. A variety of the same spectes occurs in
the northwestern part of America, but it has heretofore been
known under the name of Ambopogon hyperboreus Greene.
The new species of Chalcomyia makes the sixth species for the
genus and at the same time extends its range to the Old World.
In a recent synopsis of the genus! attention was called to the
fact that the subquadrate scutellum, the principal character
upon which the genus was originally based, is peculiar only to
the genotype area Loew, and in this paper other characters
were used to define the genus. The present new species does
not have the scutellum developed subquadrate but in all other
respects it is essentially a member of Chalcomyza.
Since the above mentioned synopsis was published Mr.
Curran has published a bulletin (Kansas Univ. Bull., vol. 15,
1925, p. 122) in which he describes and figures a new species of
Chalcomyia from North America for which he erected.a new
subgenus, Chalcosyrphus. In the key given below all of the
known species of the genus are included, as well as the new
subgenus proposed by Curran.
CHALCOMYIA Williston
Third antennal joint suborbicular, with a dorsal, basal arista; mesonotal
pile extending upon the humeral calli and the region between them; males
with four abdominal segments; head triangular in frontal aspect; face black,
usually deeply concave, tuberculate only in cyanea; a distinct petiole beyond
the first posterior cell which is shorter than the discal crossvein; second vein
distinctly curved upwards at its apical end; body pile normal; males dichoptic.
Key to Species of Chalcomyia.
Al. Mesonotum and scutellum without a flattened area; second tergite very
much broader than long; hind femur but little swollen_......-.--....
Subgenus Cha/comyia Williston.
1 Shannon, The Genus Chalcomyia, Occasional Papers, Bost. Soc. of Nat.
History, vol. 5, 1925, pp. 151-153.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926 113
Bl. Greenish bronze, clothed with short yellow pile; tibiae and tarsi
largely yellow; scutellum subquadrate. Male: face without tu-
bercle; eyes well separated, sides of front parallel on upper half.
area Loew.
B2. Not greenish bronze or with yellow pile; only bases of tibiae yellow;
scutellum not markedly subquadrate.
Cl. Discal crossvein joining discal cell distinctly before its middle;
length of posterior crossvein much less than length of section
of fourth vein above it.
D1. Mesonotal pile pale. Male: Face with a slight tubercle...
cyanea Smith.
D2. Mesonotal pile blackish. Male: Face evenly concave........
beckeri, new species.
C2. Discal crossvein joining discal cell nearly at its middle; posterior
crossvein subequal to section of fourth vein above it. Male:
Whnknowntese ee en Fee ee anomala Shannon.
A2. Mesonotum flattened on apical third, scutellum flattened on disc; second
tergite quadrate; hind femur much swollen.......----..--------------1e-e eee eneeees
Subgenus Chalcosyrphus Curran.
Bl. Third antennal joint shorter than basal two combined. Male:
Face without tubercle; eyes distinctly converging and rather
Closely. appromimated So ek ee depressa Shannon.
B2. Third joint longer than basal two combined. Male: Unknown
atra Curran.
Chalcomyia beckeri, new species.
Male.—Antennal prominence rather pronounced but less so than in other
species of the genus; eyes fairly well separated; the front constricted at the
middle, gradually widening above the constriction to the vertex and below
widening more broadly downwards; front entirely shining black with a few
hairs in ocellar region; antenna yellowish brown; arista darker, about one and
one-third times the length of antenna and shorter than width of face across its
middle; face black, extensively overlaid with silvery pollen; thorax black with
blackish pile which is stiff and coarser along margins of mesonotum and scutel-
lum; legs black, bases of all tibiae yellowish, lower surface of tarsi brownish,
abdominal pile pale; basal corners of tergites extensively and faintly polinose;
wings slightly tinged; squamae white; halteres yellow.
Female.—Front gradually widening downwards, width at vertex equal to
length of antenna, width across base of antennae a little less than length of
arista; face less pollinose than in male; abdomen very broad and flat, pale
pilose.
Length: 8.5 mm.; wing 8 mm.
Male, type, Wolfelsfall, Germany, May 17; female, allotype,
Altwater, Moravia, June (Theodor Becker). Other specimens,
of type series, in collection of Theodor Becker.
DN DG Cat. No. 287270 SNe Me
The general appearance of C. beckeri is very similar to that of
114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 5, MAY, 1926
the other species of the genus, except depressa and atra. The
shape of the abdomen differs in each sex (exclude depressa),
but in each case the appearance is quite characteristic and pe-
culiar to the genus. The males of area, cyanea, and beckeri
have the abdomen broadening out very abruptly just beyond the
base, and beyond the base of the third tergite it tapers rapidly
to a rather sharp apex; the hypopygium is prominent and has a
definite twist to the right.
The females of area, anomala, and beckeri have an unusually
broad and flat abdomen.
This species is named for Theodor Becker, one of our fore-
most dipterologists. The writer wishes to express his apprecia-
tion to Mr. Becker for his generosity in permitting him to study
this species.
Genus AMPHIPOGON Wahlberg.
Amphipogon Wahlberg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Ventensk. Akad. FOrh., vol. 10, 1844,
joer He
Ambopogon Greene, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 21, 1919, pp. 126-128,
figures.—vol. 23, 1921, pp. 107-109.
Genotype.—Amphipogon spectrum Wahlberg, ibid.
Amphipogon spectrum hyperboreus (Greene).
Ambopogon hy perboreus Greene, ibid.
The occurrence of this fy in North America was first made
known in 1919, when Mr. C. T. Greene published a paper en-
titled ““A New Genus of Scatophagidae” in which he described
and figured a single male specimen which had been collected on
the Alaska-Yukon border, latitude 69-10 North, longitude
141 West. ;
A year later the writer collected several males and a female
on the forested slopes of Cedar Mountain, Idaho.
While Seca with Mrs. Shannon at Mezimesti, Czecho
Slovakia, August 2, 1925, to my great surprise, we found what
appeared to be the same species of this very peculiar fly on a
fallen fir log in one of the cultivated forests, strutting around
in the same manner I had observed in the flies I collected on
Cedar Mountain. Specimens were sent to Theodor Becker who
determined them as Amphipogon spectrum. The male of the
American specimens differ from the European specimens in
having the hypopygial hairs consolidated into a single tuft,
whereas in the European specimens of spectrum the hairs are
divided by a well marked space making two tufts thereby.
The name Ayperboreus is retained therefore as a varietal
name for the American form, making the combination Amphipo-—
gon spectrum hyperboreus (Greene).
Actual date of publication, Fune 4, 1926.
EDITORIAL.
When we are in good humor with ourselves ““We Moderns”
indulge in Pollyanna rhapsodies over the magnitude of our
achievements. We call ours the “Age of Science.” We thrill
to the paean of progress. Oh, the richness, the unity, the
magic of the thing we have wrought! When the humors are
reversed, pessimism intoxicates us. We see ourselves as the
tragic victims of heroic vices, our civilization as a magnificent
folly. In truth we are rather commonplace. What we mis-
take for magic is only mechanism. What we call science is
frequently nothing but its application. What we see as unity
is merely uniformity. What we take for richness is mostly
complexity. We seem to be accomplishing more than our
fathers; actually we are accomplishing less in more different
ways. We seem to have a choice of many things; but we have
choice only of some thousands of varieties of a few things;
and all the world from Canton to Chicago has the same choice.
We compete for small prizes, and specialize in restricted fields.
We toil very hard over very little, and travel very fast on trifling
errands. We are Lilliputians in culture. Our one real achieve-
ment Is machinery, and it is mastering us. Our one outstanding
vice (it is anything but heroic) is what we call “Education,” a
kind of crippling process that prepares the mind for the use of
crutches which the “educators” supply in the form of “‘short-
cuts” (“mind-training” consists largely of a stuffing with
“methods”? and condensed, practically-applicable informa-
tion). The truly scientific age (the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries) produced savants and naturalists; we make special-
ists. It takes leisure and long study to fashion a savant,
fortunate birth and a life of devotion to produce a naturalist:
specialists are turned out to order in a few years (or months)
and—we are ina hurry. We want results. Other ages trained
their workmen (high and low) to master a few simple tools;
we set ours to serve machines, and are content if they acquire
habits. Craftsmanship is at a discount. The wizard of the
machine is losing—or has lost—his skill with the intimate
personal tools by which alone master work is produced. Our
artists (I refer chiefly to the advanced) draw badly; our think-
ers and writers (I refer chiefly to the scientifically minded)
fumble the most essential tools of thought, logic and language.
We seem to have arrived at a confusion of minds; and some-
times it seems as if we were approaching a confusion of tongues,
so difficult is it to fix meanings in words, or to catch the idiom
of another’s thought whenever he depar ts from the purely
technical formulae of his specialty. We seem indeed to be
building a tower of Babel upon a foundation of science.
—Carl Heinrich,
VOL, 28 JUNE, 1926 No. 6
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
N ,USEY
ALDRICH, J. M.—NOTES ON HYPOCHAETA AND RELATED GENERA OF muscoip— Ak MUSE
EVES (DI PEEIRES sear aC ch koe Ne Ss RRR AP URIBE gia, Soutuats 143
CAUDELL, A. N.—DIESTRAMMENA OCCURRING IN WELLS (ORTHOPTERA: TET-
TIC ONTD AEE fe ek te tee de Os oe eet uses SLO
CHITTENDEN, F. H.—A FOREIGN CABBAGE FLEA-BEETLE IN THE UNITED
GENIC s. © Oe, Stee ROE ho tcO OC, eM ent aS i339)
COCKERELL, T. D. A.A FOSSIL ORTHOPTEROUS INSECT FORMERLY REFERRED
FROMNTE COPA RUA. vecrae rat. REG hit) aie EA Eis. 3: Eee agit Zee), tie 142
EWING, H. E.—SOME RECENT GENERIC DERIVATIVES OF THE MALLOPHAGAN
GENUS FHILOPTERUS NITZSCH (PHILOPTERIDAE). ....... - 145
SHANNON, RAYMOND C.—SYNOPSIS OF THE AMERICAN CALLIPHORIDAE (DIP-
TERA MRT ok hy te kT Ss cate nies, +s Mey seaiee cake oem Cle
Pusuisuep Montuiy Excerr Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
Act of August 24, 1912.
Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3, 1917, authorized July 3 1918.
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1926.
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President NS. 3 ot, Latte SF oe sire ag J. M. ALDRICH
ipst VAce=Presiaent a) eee en re ee at df) ad SILO
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Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer . .. 1... 2... : S.A. ROWER
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 28 JUNE 1926 No. 6
SYNOPSIS OF THE AMERICAN CALLIPHORIDAE (DIPTERA).
By Raymonp C. Suannon, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
A study of the American (North, Central and South America,
West Indies and Galapagos Islands) Calliphoridae in the col-
lection of the U. S. National Museum, which contains a nearly
complete representation of all the species recorded from America,
has permitted the writer to prepare this brief synopsis of prac-
tically all of the known American flies of the family Calli-
phoridae. This is the first attempt to treat all of the species
occurring in this region.
In addition to studying the collection of the National Mu-
seum the writer, while in Europe (1925), had, through the
courtesy of Mons. E. Segiy, the opportunity to examine the
remaining types of Robineau-Desvoidy and Macquart col-
lections in the Paris Museum, and through the courtesy of
Major E. E. Austen the Walker types in the British Museum.
While examining these collections a few species which were
not represented in our National Collection were seen and a
number of synonyms discovered.
During the last year (1925) the writer has examined several
large collections of North American Calliphoridae, submitted
to him for identification. Chief among these were: The col-
lection of the Dallas, Texas, laboratory of the Bureau of Ento-
mology (submitted by F. C. Bishopp); a collection made in
Alaska by Professor J. S. Hine; material from Washington State
loaned by Professor A. L. Melander; material from western
Canada loaned by Owen Bryant; a collection from Canada
loaned by C. Howard Curran. In addition to these collections
Mr. C. W. Johnson, Dr. F. R. Cole and the University of
Kansas have sent me important specimens for examination.
This material has supplied several new species as well as the
unknown sex of several species which had been previously
described from one sex only.
To all of the above named gentlemen and also to Dr. J. M.
Aldrich, Mr. J. R. Malloch, and my wife, Elnora S. Shannon
(for assistance in recording data, etc.), I wish to extend my
thanks for their interest and assistance in the present paper.
A short list of the more important recent papers bearing
on the group is appended at the end and references to all of
116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
the previously described species are found therein. This in-
cludes Townsend’s catalogue of the South American Calyptrate
Muscidae which contains the bibliography of the older papers.
Perhaps most or all of the indigenous species of North Amer-
ica are now known. Three genera, Protocalliphora, Sterin-
gomyia and Melanodexia, however, require more material and
study before we can be sure of the limits and the number of
their species. These are the only genera in which one or the
other sex of some of the species remain unrecognized.
The number of species of Calliphoridae, aside from the
genus Mesembrinella, inhabiting Central and South America,
is apparently quite limited, although about three times the
number of names have been given to them. This large num-
ber of synonyms has caused considerable confusion and made
the identification of species very difficult. The papers by Dr.
Aldrich (1922 and 1925) have helped considerably in stabiliz-
ing our knowledge of the two largest groups of this region, the
Mesembrinellinae and Chrysomyiini, and his key to the former
group is reproduced herein.
- Aside from the Mesembrinellae, the Calliphorid fauna of
tropical America and the regions southward appears to be a
scant one, at least in collections. The number of new forms
awaiting discovery may, however, be large and therefore the
present paper should be considered of a provisional nature
for this region and mainly applicable to the common species.
The flies of the family Calliphoridae, like the house-fly, are
commonly known to every one, and some of them have well
established common names such as the screw-worm flies (Chry-
somyiini); green-bottle flies (Luciliini); blue-bottle flies (Calli-
phorini); blow-flies (Calliphorini, Phormia and Protophormia),
and cluster flies (Pollenia rudis).
A number of them are of considerable economic importance
from medical, veterinary, and sanitary standpoints. Probably
all of the species in the larval stage are flesh feeders (chiefly
on carrion) though some will also breed in the excrement of
carnivorous and omnivorous animals, including man. Certain
species attack live stock and at times cause considerable losses
in cattle and sheep.
Myiasis in man, occasionally followed by death, occurs not
infrequently in some regions, as a result of certain of these
flies laying their eggs on wounds or diseased tissue, where the
larvae upon hatching can feed on the surrounding parts.
A brief summary is here appended showing the general dis-
tribution in America and the larval habits of the groups:
Mesembrinella: Tropical America. Scavengers.
Chrysomyiini: Throughout America. Screw worm flies. All?
Phormia: North America. Carrion; sometimes producing myiasis.
———
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 ig hy
Protophormia: As in Phormia.
Boreéllus: Sabarctic. Habits unknown.
Protocalliphora: North America. Parasites of nestling birds.
Luciliini: Throughout America. Carrion; some species frequently produce
myiasis; some parasitic on toads.
Calliphorini: Chiefly North America, rare in the Andes. Chiefly scavengers
sometimes produce myiasis.
Pollenia: North America. Parasites of earth worms.
Melanodexia: California, Oregon. Habits unknown.
’
The family Calliphoridae belongs to the higher Muscoid
Diptera,! a group characterized by the presence of a well-
defined row of hypopleural bristles. From the Tachinoidea,
which have a well-developed post scutellum and the lateral
margins of the tergites usually meeting on the ventral median
line of the abdomen, thereby obscuring the sternites, the
Sarcophagoidea may be separated by the undeveloped post
scutellum (subdeveloped in Mesembrinella) and the side edges
of the tergites usually well separated, so that sternites two to
five, while reduced, usually are distinctly visible.
The Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae are very closely allied
and may eventually be considered as one family. Within
the limits of our fauna the two may be differentiated as follows:
SARCOPHAGIDAE: Post humeral bristle usually present and
placed mesad of the presutural; usually four notopleurals;
propleura and prosternum usually bare; stem vein not ciliated;
very rarely with metallic blue or green coloration; usually
opaque gray and the abdomen with a checkered appearance.
CaLLIPHORIDAE: Post humeral bristle rarely absent and
usually placed laterad of the presutural (in Pollininae it may
be laterad, in line with or mesad of presutural, or absent);
usually two, rarely three (some species of Protocalliphora) noto-
pleurals; propleura and prosternum pilose (bare in Polleninae);
stem vein ciliated in Chrysomyiinae and Mesembolia; usually
metallic green, blue or purplish in appearance, opaque gray
in Polleninae.
Key to the Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera of American Calliphoridae.
1. Post scutellum rather well developed; bucca very narrow, about one-
fifth to one-sixth height of eye; arista plumose to tip; bend of fourth
vein obtuse and broadly rounded; metathoracic spiracle as broadly
rounded anteriorly as it is posteriorly; disc of squamae bare; stem
vein sometimes setose; female usually with a pair of decussate bristles
on frontal vitta. (Tropical America)... Subfamily Mesembrinellinae.
Genus Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos.
1(Superfamily Tachinoidea (including Tachinidae and Dexidae) and super-
family Sarcophagoidea (including Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae).
118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Post scutellum undeveloped; bucca subquadrate, about one-half eye
height; bend of fourth vein usually strongly angled; metathoracic
spiracle tapering anteriorly; female rarely with decussate bristles on
frontallavitta ss calcd ase ceiean see cae ca Soe lee on gee a
2. Stem vein on upper side and subcostal sclerite setose.......-...----- She
Subfamily Phorminae.
Stem vein bare; subcostal sclerite setose only in Lucilia caesar and
POM en. Eee Oe os Ds Sos ie er Nie
3. ‘Arista bare:. (Chile): c-5. 2 ee ee Tribe Trixoneurini
Trixoneura, new genus.
Aristatdistinctlys plimose see. eee 4,
4. Stem vein setose below as well as above. (South American, chiefly in
thie Aides) a ke ee Tribe Toxotarsini__....... 5.
Stemi vein bare \belows. 3 eee en 2c ee batesi Aldrich.
. Fourth abdominal segment with discal row of bristles. ae
Fourth segment withowugsdiscals, 25k 5g $3:
. Femora, pleurae and abdomen blue-green or blackish; 2 pairs of acros-
tichals before Sutureles <2. =: 5 cece soos eee 9.
Femora, pleurae and base of abdomen yellow...._..._-_-_----------2.2--20-e--------s 10.
. Discal scutellar bristles small, almost in line with the much larger basal
lateral pair; female with but one pair of proclinate orbitals, which are
almost in the frontal row (Costa Rica)- uniseta Aldrich.
Discal scutellars but little smaller than lateral basal pair, and forming
with them a strong curve; female with two pairs of orbitals, just out-
side frontal row, which is here very hairlike (Peru)_...cruciata (Townsend).
One. pair anterior acrostichals (
; segmentaria (Fabr'cius).
mecondmtcrette latecly Yellow! = 200 f as .. 3:
3. Male: Eyes separated by width greater than parafacial; upper pair of
fronto-orbitals present. Female: Length of front less than twice the
width, shining black on upper two-thirds; length 6.5 mm. (Venezuela,
| Spee Ne ean 0 el or ee eR ee parva, new species.
Male: Unknown. Female: Length of front nearly three times its width,
black only on vertex; length 8 mm. (Peru)...townsendia, new species.
i)
Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius).
A moderate sized species, dark blue, with anterior part of
thorax and abdomen yellowish.
Distribution.—Apparently widespread in tropical America.
South America (type locality), Brazil, Venezuela, Panama,
Costa Rica.
Hemilucilia townsendi, new species.
Less robust than segmentaria; thorax metallic green, yellowish anteriorly,
with faint pollinose stripes on mesonotum; first and second tergites yellow,
the latter with a hind border of dark blue which extends forward as a median
stripe to the anterior margin of the tergite; apical half of wing smoky, especially
on anterior border.
One female.
Type locality—Yahuarmayo, Peru (February 11, 1910,
GC. A. ET: “Fownsend).
Type.—Cat.. No. 28,887, U. S. N. M.
Named in honor of Dr. C. H. Tyler Townsend.
Hemilucilia parva, new species.
Noticeably smaller than its congeners, thorax light metallic green, the
anterior portion yellowish; first tergite yellow, second yellow anteriorly, dark-
ened on hind border with a median anteriorly directed projection from the
darkened portion. Eyes well separated in the male, the upper pair of fronto-
orbitals present.
126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
One male, one female.
Type locality "Arma zoD Brazil (H. W. Bates):
ca, Venezuela.
Ty pe. “In British Museum.
Allotype—Cat. No. 28,888, U. S. N. M.
Hemilucilia fuscanipennis (Macquart).
Similar to segmentaria but entirely bluish black and lacking
the yellow on the thorax and the base of the abdomen dorsally,
which, however, may be very obscurely yellow.
Distribution —Tropical America. Bahia, Brazil (type lo-
cality); Panama, Costa Rica, Mextco.
Genus CHRYSOMYIA Robineau-Desvoidy.
Chrysomyia desvoidyi Hough.
Only one species, C. desvoidyi Hough, is known for this genus
in the Western Hemisphere. The genus is essentially an
Old World group and is characterized by having the lower
squama pilose on the outer half as well as in the basal hollow.
C. desvoidyi has only the mesal tee of the outer half of the
lower squama pilose.
Distribution Mexico, Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica.
Genus CHLOROPROCTA Van der Wulp.
Table of Species.
Thorax, except dorsum, and abdomen more or less yellowish; eyes of male
with conspicuously enlarged facets above. semiviridis Van der Wulp.
Thorax, etc., entirely dark metallic bluish green; eye facets of male nearly
uniform ‘throughauts.. ee a a eee idioidea R.-Desvoidy.
Chloroprocta semiviridis Van der Wulp.
The two species given in the above key belong to the genus
Chloroprocta as defined by Aldrich. The yellowish color in
semiviridis is variable, a female from Costa Rica shows very
little trace of yellow.
Distribution —Yucatan (type locality); Costa Rica; Mexico;
Texas.
Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy).
Chrysomvia idioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 445 (type exam-
ined).
Musca purpureae Walker, Dipt. Saund., 1856, p. 337 (type examined).
One female from Para, Brazil, and three from Bartica,
British Guiana, agree with the types of both idioidea and
purpureae.
a ae agg =e
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 127
Type locality—South America (for both idioidea and pur-
pureae).
Genus PARALUCILIA Brauer and Bergenstamm.
Table of Species.
Length of antenna much less than height of bucca, or, in female, than width
of front. (Southern United States to Argentina and Chile).
affinis R.-Desvoidy.
Length of antenna slightly longer than height of bucca and distinctly longer
than width of front of female. (Brazil)... viridula R.-Desvoidy.
Paralucilia viridula (Robineau-Desvoidy.)
Chrysomyia viridula Robineau-Desvoidy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 445.
Type not seen in the Paris Museum.
One female at hand, which is apparently very distinct from
the following species, agrees very closely with the description
of viridula and is therefore considered to be conspecific with
it. In addition to the much narrower front, larger antennae
and smaller bucca it possesses the following mesonotal bristles
which are absent in- affinis. Three anterior dorsocentrals
(sometimes one in affinis); two sublaterals; four posterior dorso-
centrals (two in affinis).
Distribution.—Brazil (type locality); Sao Paulo, Brazil (A.
Lutz).
Paralucilia affinis (Robineau-Desvoidy).
Chrysomyia affinis Robineau-Desvoidy, Myodaires, 1830, p. 445.
Chrysomyia fulvicrura R.-D., ibid, p. 446 (type examined).
Calliphora peruviana R.-D., ibid, p. 438.
Calliphora fulvipes Macquart,! Diptera Exotique, vol. 2, pt. 3, 1843, p. 132
(type? examined).
Lucilia durvillei Macquart, ibid, p. 142 (type examined).
Calliphora annulipes Philippi, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw., vol. 17, 1865, p. 514.
The above list of synonyms is quite sure to be only an incom-
plete one as it contains only those of which the writer is reason-
ably certain. Many of the names listed under Lucilia, Chry-
somyta and Somomyia in Townsend’s catalogue of South
American Muscidae will very likely prove to be synonyms of
either this species or Cochliomyia macellaria.
14 specimen in the Paris Museum is presumably the type of this species,
as it bears a label, “en Cat. du Mus. Gayi.”’ This same specimen, however,
bears the name label “‘C. rufipes”” which Macquart had previously used for a
species he described from Java.
It may be assumed that Macquart at the time of describing it noticed that
the name rufipes was preoccupied and changed the name to fu/vipes in the
description but did not change the name label on the specimen.
128 PpROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Distribution.—Brazil (type locality) and throughout South
America in general and extending into the southern United
States.
Tribe PHoRMIINI.
Phormia regina (Meigen).
Distribution —Mexico, throughout United States, rather
rare in Canada and Alaska.
Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy).
Distribution —About the same range as above but more
abundant in the North and less numerous southward.
Boreellus atriceps (Zetterstedt).
Boreéllus aristatus Aldrich and Shannon, Ins. Ins. Mens., vol. 11, 1923, p. 107.
Distribution.—Boreal America and Europe.
Genus PROTOCALLIPHORA Hough.
Key to Males of Protocalliphora.
1. Narrowest width of front equal to length of third antennal joint; outer
forceps subquadrate, less than twice as long as broad (avium, sens. lat.) 2.
_ Narrowest width of front distinctly less than length of third antennal
joint; outer forceps elongate, three to four times as long as broad__. 3:
2. Hairs on mesonotum one-fourth length of bristles; basicosta black (New
Yorke. 8 es 32-2. Sn Roo el taco ak gS variety avium S. & D.
Hairs on mesonotum nearly half as long as bristles; basicosta orange
(Washington) i225... ev ae. ee eee variety asiovora S. & D.
3. Parafrontals contiguous (always?) (arudoisensat) 4.
Parafrontals well separated. (splendidas sens lat) == Se
4. Three notopleurals (Colorado) =o ee variety Airudo S. & D.
‘hwo notopleurals ((Mansas)2. = 2 eee variety parva S. & D.
5. Dark metallic blue; pollinose stripes on mesonotal disc faint... 6.
Body with a grayish tinge; pollinose stripes evident on disc of mesonotum
(Washington)... BO eee subspecies Airundo S. & D.
6. Squamae white (throughout U. S.) variety splendida Macquart.
Squamae darkened (Washington, British Columbia).
variety hesperia S. & D.
Key to Females of Protocalliphora.
1. Large species (11 mm.); parafacials broad, opposite second antennal joint
equal in width to distance between oral vibrissae; basicosta dark brown
SR ET LED SOBs ae RY ET ae (usu sScnawlaty) eee ee
Smaller (9 mm. or less); parafacials usually narrower, opposite second
antennal joint equal to one-half distance between oral vibrissae; if as
broad. as in aetum then: basicosta orange... 33 ee 3p
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 H29
feAlndomenws toh thy, pquinose ese ese eee variety avium S. & D.
Albndomentsvwithiyashyastinge Ses se variety asiovora S. & D.
. Front unusually narrow; upper fronto-orbital absent; three notopleurals....
Chirudos “sensu late). 22 eee 4,
Front normal, upper fronto-orbital present; two notopleurals....-
here) bee ee eR Ppt em Wee ie eee (Splendida@ysenslat.).-... 2. eee Oe
. General color dark, with rather heavy pruinosity_.....-.2-2-2-----ee cess Bn
General color bronze (Washington)... variety cuprea S. & D.
a caimaniGanmene csi. set Soe Be variety hirudo S. & D.
Sidurasaraes walleye sc P5 ee Ba Tea ee sal ....variety parva S. & D.
wiNbemenscneincly datk bine. ee de
AlhdomenwmoreOLless!Coppely === a as eae Se a 8.
~eogtamac whites "i ou eo varieties sialia S. & D. and hirunda S. & D.
Souamac.aatkened so-so ae Le variety hesperia S. & D.
. Body entirely coppery (New Hampshire, Ontario)... variety aenea S. & D.
Last abdominal segment only, coppery variety splendida Macquart.
Tribe Lucrirnt.
Blepharicnema splendens Macquart.
Synonym.—Cynomyia auriceps Walker (type examined).
As far as known, this species has only been taken in Ecuador
and Peru.
Genus LUCILIA R.-Desvoidy.
Table of Subgenera and Species of Lucilia, Males.
. Lower face greatly produced forward; mesonotum with unusually stiff
Inaadles (Galleoeracls is eincls)) 2 ee ee ee ee
(Viridinsula, new subgenus) Lucilia Caridinsula) pionia (Walker).
Mowersace sie produced, sonward..< ne. ce ee 2.
. Two sublaterals; arista unusually thick basally and short plumose, the
second aristal joint twice as long as broad (Alaska)...
(Subgenus Francilia Shannon) Lucilia (Francilia) alaskensis Shannon.
Three sublaterals; arista normal and long plumose, the second joint as
toads aselongwesss ose (Subgenus Lucilia) R.-Desvoidy)........... 3:
. Three posterior acrostichals; propleura black setose; occiput partly
black isetoserers a0) 6h. setae oe Se Sn ee ee ee eer eee 4,
Bor oapestemenmeacrostichals| 2) cosh sae ee aie oe ie
Eames ATLCMETISICOSCAS VCO W ene Se ace eee heehee cata 5:
Palpi blackish; basicosta black (North America, eS Aon Se
sylvarum (Meigen).
. Parafrontals contiguous; pruinosity of body scarcely perceptible (Idaho)
thatuna, new species.
Parafrontals well separated; body with distinct pruinosity_..... 6.
. Body usually more evidently green; metasternum pilose; lobes of fifth
sternite inconspicuous, appressed, with short stiff hairs. (Cosmopoli-
(5a). 9s eee ONE ee acta ene) ct Acie ee sericata (Meigen).
130 pROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
10.
ike
36
14:
Body usually more evidently coppery; metasternum bare; lobes of fifth
sternite prominent with dense long hairs. (Cosmopolitan.) (argyri-
cephala Macquart; pallescens Shannon) ..............- cuprina (Wiedemann).
. Subcostal sclerite setose; back of head mostly black setose; basicosta
black; propleura black setose (North America, |. e., borea] and transi-
tional zones and high altitudes in southern states)... caesar (Linnaeus).
Subcostal ‘sclerite faintly »pubescent=- 2 ee eee 8.
. Hind margin of second and third and entire surface of fourth tergites
with long, erect bristles; back of head entirely with stiff black setae;
propleural pile and basicosta black; lobes of fifth sternite conspicu-
Ouse (VVashin ton) eee ee elongata Shannon.
Abdomen not conspicuously bristly; back of head with pale soft pile...9.
. Parafrontals bristly only on lower half, contiguous and of less width than
parafacial; propleura pale pilose; basicosta dark brown... 10.
Parafrontals) bristly onimotre than lower halt ssss. ee eee eee ils
Eye facets, on large front area, greatly enlarged; parafrontals reduced
to slender line of less width than one of adjoining facets; pro- and
metathoracic spiracles greatly enlarged; general body color purplish;
squamae darkened. (Costa Rica, Mexico)... ocularis, new species.
Eye facets moderately enlarged; parafrontals distinctly broader than
width of facet; thoracic spiracles moderately enlarged; general body
color dark bluish green; squamae moderately infuscated ...............
rica, new species.
Propleura black pilose; parafrontals contiguous, bristly on entire length,
a pair of upper frontal bristles present; basicosta dark brown; forceps
with short. sparse pile. (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona) ....................-...
unicolor Townsend.
Propleurarpale’piloses 2-5 eo ee ee ee ee ee 12
. Parafrontals bristly on lower three-fourths, no upper frontals present;
basicosta dark brown; forceps with rather dense long pile —......_. Ss
Parafrontals with a pair of upper frontal bristles; inner forceps not dis-
timnctthy. What ya Fo eects ca 14.
Face very sparsely pilose; general color strongly purple. (Peru) .....
ibis, new species.
Face normally pilose; general color strongly green. (Texas, Mexico,
Costa Rica, Panama): <2 = ....hirtiforceps, new species.
Parafrontals contiguous; beard black; basicosta more or less yellow.
(Southeastern’ Uniteds States) 25 es ee australis Townsend.
Parafrontals distinctly separated; beard largely yellowish; basicosta
yellow. (Southeastern United States and West Indies)...
cluvia (Walker).
Table of Females of Lucilia.
. Two sublaterals; two exterior bristles on fore tibia. (Subgenus Fran-
Gil Nat) ee Bs TA eh Se ae re alaskensis Shannon.
Three sublaterals; one exterior bristle. (Subgenus Luci/ia) oy
. Three posterior acrostichals........... sawliadta cheer iat ee eee 3
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 131
Two posterior acrostichals.... ee et eS a 6.
3, Bacicosia lolackes jorilion lorena ee sylvarum (Meigen).
Basicostawand apalpityell yee eee oe OR es Be eet ee ee 4,
4. Body without evident pruinosity; third angennall joint broader than
Wich Olp penal acial weet mente TeCVeRG yyy BEE 8 thatuna, new species.
Body with distinct pruinosity; parafacial broader than width of third
eamitesitel ey] Olin (eee ren eters ae eee et eo a ecel ce eee oo nt a eee ee are ee
5. Body more evidently green; metasternum pilose... sericata (Meigen).
Body more evidently coppery; metasternum bare__cuprina (Weidemann).
6. Subcostal sclerite setose; basicosta black __.......... caesar (Linnaeus).
Sulesteall Gellemiie tenia (oll eee Us
7. Tergites three, four and five with strong, erect bristles; Bebicosts black;
back of head entirely black setose...............--_____. elongata Shannon.
8. Tergites three, four and five not conspicuously bristly... Lay es 9.
9. Propleura black pilose; basicosta dark brown; front and face dark
unicolor Townsend.
Dreoplemma al espace et. cne eee oof. Te ee cs eee ce te Sue 10.
10. Antennae bright reddish yellow (Santa Marta, Colombia)
ruficornis Macquart.
Antennae not bright reddish yellow
11. Bases of wings strongly darkened; body color purplish
ocularis, new species.
Basesvot wines motstroneliys dankemec ete s -) eee eee ee ND),
125 Bearden lyn lens set. Cale a ee te, Cs TEE ee eee oe 1,
Beardyentirelyeblacks 21 sae eee 2 eee FOE ee ee 14.
13. Front as broad as length of third antennal joint__. cluvia (Walker).
Front not as broad as length of third joint... rica, new species.
(Aza Basicostarmotevonlessmyellowses. eee eee ee australis Townsend.
Basicosta dark brown (Face yellowish. Contrast with face dark in
GCC aes ae ee, 2 ON hirtiforceps, new species.
VIRIDINSULA, new subgenus.
Genotype.—Lucilia pionia Walker.
This new subgenus is known only in the male and the geno-
type has only been recorded from the Galapagos Islands.
Subgenus LUCILIA R.-Desvoidy.
Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann).
This species has been recorded from America under the
names Lucilia pallescens Shannon and Lucilia argyricephala
Macquart (Shannon, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, 1925). Re-
cently Patton (Bull. Ent. Research, 1925) has shown that
argyricephala Macquart is synonymous with cuprina (Wiede-
mann).
Evidently Z. cuprina is well established as a cosmopolitan
species. It is apparently indigenous to Southern Asia and
132 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
parts of Africa. Specimens in the National Collection are
from Michigan, District of Columbia, North Carolina, Texas,
Brazil, Hawaii, Australia, Asia and Africa.
Lucilia thatuna, new species.
Male and female—Parafrontals of male contiguous; front
of female of moderate width; three posterior acrostichals;
back of head partly black setose; propleura black setose; palpi
and basicosta yellow; pruinosity of body barely perceptible.
Two males, three females.
Type locality—Moscow Mountains, Idaho (July 20, 1924,
J. M. Aldrich).
Type—Male, Cat. No. 28,889, U. 5. N. M.
Lucilia oculatis, new’ Species.
Male and female-—Fairly large species of a deep purplish color and charac-
terized by an area of very large facets, particularly in the male, on a large
frontal portion of the eye. Parafrontals of male contiguous and greatly re-
duced so that at their narrowest portion the two together appear to be a slender
line of less width than one of the adjoining facets and setose only on lower
half; propleura pale pilose; two posterior acrostichals; pro- and metathoracic
spiracles greatly enlarged; bases of wings and squamae darkened.
Three males, two females. co
Type Jlocality—Higuito, San Mateo, Costa Rica (Pablo
Schild).
Allotype locality—Juan Vinas, Costa Rica (Pablo Schild);
also from Mexico (J. R. Inda).
Type.—Cat. No. 28,890, U. S. N. M.
Lucilia rica, new species.
Male and fema/e.—Rather small species with eyes facets and thoracic spiracles
moderately enlarged, general body color bluish green; parafrontals of male
bristly only on lower half and their combined width at the narrowest portion
distinctly broader than width of adjoining eye facet; hind region of lower
surface of head pale pilose; two posterior acrostichals; squamae moderately
infuscated. Front of female not as broad as length of third antennal joint.
Two males, three females.
Type and allotype localities—Antigua, West Indies (1924,
H. Goodwin); also one paratype from Mayaguez, Porto Rico
(March 14, 1914, R. H. Van Zwalenburg).
Type-—Cat. No. 29,145, U. S. N. M.
Lucilia ibis, new species.
Male.—Rather small species of a deep purplish color. The very sparsely
pilose face and the rather densely and long haired forceps serve to identify
it.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 133
Two males.
Type locality —Huadquina, 5,000 feet, Peru (August, 1911,
Yale Peruvian Expedition).
Type Cate Nos 23;39le Wes. Ne Me
Lucilia hirtiforceps, new species.
Male and female —Closely allied to L. australis and unicolor. A moderate
sized species of a deep green coloration; parafrontals of male subcontiguous,
setose on lower three-fourths,and without a pair of upper frontal bristles; face
yellowish; two posterior acrostichals; propleura pale pilose; basicosta dark
brown.
Five males, six females. Type male and allotype female
taken in copula.
Type locality —Ancon, Canal Zone (June 1, 1921, J. Zetek);
also from Taboga Island, Panama; Costa Rica; San Salvador;
Colina, Mexico; Victoria, Texas.
ype Cat. No. 28,892, U.S. N.M.
Lucilia cluvia (Walker).
Synonym.—Lucilia pilatei Hough.
The synonymy is based upon an examination of the type
made by the writer in the British Museum. A fairly common
species in the West Indies and southeastern United States.
Lucilia unicolor Townsend.
Synonym.—Lucilia infuscata Townsend.
In the writer’s previous treatment of the Luciliini (1924)
this species was stated to be possibly distinct from auctralis
Townsend. Additional material now shows it to be a different
species.
Table of Species of Cynomyia.
Head as high as broad and mostly bright orange yellow (east and west coasts
ofnorthern) North Amenica) ss =s a eeeeee ns ee mortuorum (Linnaeus).
Head broader than high, largely blackish, lower portion partly reddish brown
(chrouchout@North! Amenea):.. eee ee cadaverina R.-Desvoidy.
Cynomyia flavipalpis Macquart.
This species was described from America and reported from
New Hampshire by Johnson (determination by Coquillett).
It may prove to be a species of Steringomyia. Species not
seen.
134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
1. Two sublaterals; two intra-laterals; males with lobes of fifth sternite
prominent, obtusely rounded apically. (See note below on S. mon-
aig) == Cecaseeas Hh casas eat ES eee RN 5 Aber eee ON:
Three. sublateiall ssc... cco cerec ce ree eae ee 4,
2: Squamiac Whe: ass ea ee BY
Squamae darkened (Colorado, 10,240 feet altitude; Alaska).
S. aldrichi Shannon.
3: ‘Arista’ Short’ phimose (Alaska): 2-2) S. popoffana (Townsend).
Arista with normal plumosity (Colorado, 10,240 feet altitude; Alaska) _...
S. alpina (Zetterstedt).
4, Front of head largely bright golden; squamae white; basicosta yellow;
two costal spines; front of male broad with pair of upper frontals (plains
region of western North America)... C. elongata (Hough).
Front of head not conspicuously bright yellow; squamae darkened... 5
5. A strongly differentiated pair of secondary ocellars placed immediately
behind ocelli; bristles on facial ridges well developed; front of male
broad, the parafrontals with strong, long bristles on entire length.
(Western North America) 20. =... (52 ee ee latifrons Hough.
Secondary ocellars hardly differentiated from surrounding hairs; facial
ridge: bristles much ssimaller. ee ee ee eee 6.
6: Bwoiintra-alans. = c 5) eeeleee o oe heen are a ere oF
ahree tin tranall ass 5 cc Bee oe eect a Se A see nea
7. Bucca red; basicosta yellow, or yellowish-brown. (Very wide spread
in. NogthAmetica):... Sees 8 2k C. erythrocephala (Meigen).
Buccaablacks) hasicostaylis | aches ees ee ee 8.
8. Head as broad as high; gena (below parafacial) normally black... 9.
Head broader than high; gena reddish brown___......_......--.----------------------- 10.
9. Distance between wing margin and angle of fourth vein less than pre-
angular section of fourth vein; forceps of male very similar to those
of Garumidescens .(Allas\ca))\e sete ee C. morticia Shannon.
Distance between wing margin and angle of fourth vein greater than
preangular’ sectionof fourth vein. 22 22) 2 ee eee OF.
9a. Forceps of male broadly pear-shaped in outline... a/askensis Shannon.
Forceps of male distinctly more slender, similar to those of S. aldrichi....
Steringomyia montana, new species.
10) (Bases of wings: blackish=— 20. #2) ow ee aa Ae ae 1d:
Basesiof wings not strongly darkenediae = =e ts aoe ee eee 1k
11. Male: Narrowest width of front equal to distance between hind ocelli.
Table of Species of Steringomyia and Calliphora.
Female: Width of parafacial about equal to length of aristal rays
(Mexico, Colombia?) (Synonym.—C. irazuana Townsend)..............
C. nigribasis Macquart.
Male: Narrowest width of front distinctly wider than distance between
hind ocelli. Female: Width of parafacial much greater than length
ue Hinteall sees). (URii) ee C. peruviana R.-Desvoidy.
. Beard reddish (North America)... vomitoria vomitoria (Linnaeus).
Beard black (northern North America)... vomitoria nigribarba Shannon.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 135
13. Bucca red; third antennal joint of female rather small, the length equal
to distance between rows of frontal bristles (western United States) _-
coloradensis Hough.
Bucca black; third antennal joint of female rather large, the length
greater than distance between rows of frontals (eastern and northern
INGRtheAimenica) nee eae ee ee viridescens R.-Desvoidy.
Steringomyia montana, new species.
Male and female —This species is intermediate between the genera Calliphora
and Steringomyia. It seems to be closely related to C. morticia on the one
hand and to S. alaskensis (also an intermediate form between the two genera)
and S. aldrichi on the other. The genitalia of the males of montana and alas-
kensis, including the prominent lobes of the fifth tergite, are more typically
those of Steringomyia and the difference in the wing venation, as stated in the
key and which appears to be characteristic of Steringomyia, is shared by both.
For these reasons montana and alaskensis are retained in Steringomyia, even
though they possess three sublaterals. The differences between the species
are very slight especially in the females. Two females at hand from the same
locality as the male of montana are here considered to belong to the same
species as the male, but one female from Alaska and two from Mount Ranier,
Washington, may be either montana or alaskensis and for the time being are
not assigned to either species. The forceps of the male show distinct differ-
ences. In alaskensis the four together present a broad pear-shaped outline.
In montana they are much slenderer and very similar to those of a/drichi (see
figures in Shannon’s paper, 1923).
One male, two females.
Type and allotype locality Edmonton, Alberta (August 19,
1923, E. H. Strickland).
Type.—Cat. No. 28,895, U. S. N. M.
Tribe PoLLENtIINI.
Two North American genera are included in the Pollenini:
Pollenia Desvoidy and Melanodexia Williston.
The tribe Polleniini differs considerably from the other North American
Calliphoridae. The species are without metallic blue or green coloration,
but usually have a dull grayish or blackish appearance, the abdomen some-
times is shining black but usually has a pollinose checkered pattern similar
to that of the Sarcophagidae. Facial carina usually present; antennae rather
small; facialae distinctly convergent below; oral vibrissae approximated and
situated well above oral margin; posthumeral bristle variable, may be absent
(Melanodexia) or present and placed laterad, in line with or mesad of the
presutural; sternopleurals 1:1; metasternum, prosternum and_propleurae
bare; parafacials hairy down to lowermost margin of eye; squamal disc bare;
tympanic membrane bare.
136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Two genera of the Sarcophagidae, Morinia Desvoidy (Euro-
pean) and Neophyto Townsend (North American) seem to
possess considerable in common with the Polleniini.
Genus POLLENIA Desvoidy.
Four species of Pollenia (including Nite/lia) have been re-
ported from North America. Of these, only P. rudis (Fabricius)
seems to be well known and established in this country. Po/lenia
(Nitellia) glabricula (Bigot), described from California, has
not been recorded since it was first described. An examina-
tion of the type may show it to belong to the genus Me/anodexia.
Pollenia obscura Bigot, described from. North America, like-
wise has not been recorded since its original discovery.
Pollenia vespillo Fabricius.
Pollenia (Nitellia) vespillo (Fabricius), a well-known European
species, has been reported from Nova Scotia by Walker and
its occurrence in North America was confirmed by Hough.
Aside from these records nothing is known of this species in
America. It may be immediately distinguished from P. rudis
by the almost entirely shining black abdomen, only a very faint
and uniform pollinosity being present.
Pollenia rudis (Fabricius).
P. rudis (Fabricius), commonly called the cluster fly because
of its habit of congregating in attics during the winter, may be
easily recognized in its fresh condition by the presence of the
loose yellow pile on the sides and dorsum of the thorax. This
pile is deciduous and in a rubbed condition the species may be
mistaken for a Sarcophagid. However, the family and tribal
characters noted above serve to separate it from the Sarcopha-
gidae.
A very common species in eastern North America. Speci-
mens in the National Collection are also from Colorado, Ne-
vada, Utah and California.
Genus MELANODEXIA Williston.
Three species of Melanodexia are recognized in the present
paper based on a study of twenty males and six females. The
differences between the species are rather slight and, moreover,
the specimens show some individual variation which further
complicates their separation. All of the material is from Cali-
fornia and Oregon. Nothing is known of their biology.
The species described by Bigot as Nitellia glabricula from
California may well prove to be a species of this genus.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 137
Key to Species of Melanodexia.
Al. Males.
B1. Forceps small, length of outside forcep equal to combined width of
the four; third antennal joint distinctly narrower than second;
STZ TTI E Teall ee eee satanica, new species.
B2. Forceps elongate, length of outside forceps distinctly longer than
combined width of the four; third antennal joint about as broad
as second.
C1. Palpus not longer than antenna; size moderate, 8 to 9 mm.....
tristis Williston.
C2. Palpus distinctly longer than antenna; larger species, 11 mm.....
grandis, new species.
A2. Females.
B1. Frontal vitta parallel sided; palpus not longer than proboscis...
tristis Williston.
B2. Frontal vitta diverging downwards; palpus distinctly longer than
Bnteniid= see oe ee eee 22 ee grandis, new species.
Melanodexia tristis Williston.
Description based on type male.
Male.—Head nearly hemispherical, a little broader than high; front black,
at narrowest width a little broader than length of third antennal joint, widen-
ing out considerably above antennae, swollen in appearance; frontal and
ocellar bristles long and slender, about length of arista; first and second joints
shining brown; second enlarged and with a long dorsal bristle equal to length
of antenna; third joint dark brown, twice as long as wide; arista longer than
antenna, with two irregular dorsal rows of rays and a lower row, the outer
fourth bare; face large, swollen; facial ridges converging below; vibrissae long,
placed well above oral margin; facial carina distinct; distance between lower
margin of eye and oral margin equal to width of eye; palpi slender, brownish,
with scattered long setae. Thorax shining black, bristles long slender, with
fairly long black hairs interspersed (the type specimen has a single pair of
anterior acrostichals; two pairs are normal number). Legs not elongate, the
bristles rather long, pulvilli and claws of rather large size (said to be small
in original description). Abdomen short-conical, with distinct bristles only
on distal part, anteriorly with abundant erect hairs. Third longitudinal vein
strongly convex in front, terminating very near tip of wing; antepenultimate
section of fourth vein fully twice length of penultimate section, the latter
joining the ultimate section at an angle. Wings and squamae smoky. Length,
6 mm.
This was very kindly loaned me by the University of Kansas.
Female.\—Description based on specimens at hand.
1The female described as allotype by Williston can not be found in the
Kansas University collection. From the description it appears to belong to the
species described below as grandis.
138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
More shining black than the male but still with a decided pollinose cast;
the thoracic and abdominal hairs less developed, rather short on the abdomen;
front rather broad; frontal vitta with parallel sides; facial carina scarcely
perceptible, the antennae consequently nearly touching basally; palpus shorter
than proboscis; length equal to that of the male.
Type locality—Death Valley, California (Baron, collector).
Type——In Kansas University collection.
Specimens in the National Museum from San Bernardino
County (May, D. W. Coquillett); San Diego (March 27, 1915,
April 20, 1921, W. S. Wright); Claremont (C. F. Baker; Metz).
There are also three males and one female from Oregon in
the collection which may be referable to this species, but some
variation is present in these and they have been kept apart
for the time being. They appear to be intermediate between
tristis and grandis.
Melanodexia grandis, new species. _
Male and female.—This species may be separated from fristis by its larger
size; head higher than broad; palpus longer than antenna; the longer forceps
of the male and broader front of the female in which the frontal vitta widens
downwards. Length, 11 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Four males, two females. All from California.
Type locality —Monterey County, California (July 5, 1896,
collector ?).
Other localities —Pacific Grove (May 9, 1906, J. M. Aldrich);
Pleyto, Monterey County (May 22, 1920, E. P. Van Duzee).
Type.—Cat. No. 28,894, U. S. N. M.
Melanodexia satanica, new species.
Male—About the size of tristis; the wings a little more smoky; second antennal
joint enlarged and perceptibly broader than third joint; palpus longer than
antenna; forceps short, outer forceps only as long as combined width of the
four and rather strongly contracted beyond middle but moderately expanded
at apex to form a blunt point (sharp-pointed in ¢ristis and grandis). Length,
9-10 mm.; wing, 8-8.5 mm.
Fight males.
Type locality —Los Gatos Canyon Divide to mouth of Mount
Diablo Ridge, Fresno County, California (June 6-8, 1907, J. C.
Bradley).
Type.—Cat. No. 28,893, U. S. N. M.
Two females are at hand from Bairs Ranch, Humboldt
County, California (June 9, H. S. Barber) which may prove
to belong to this species. They differ from the females of
tristis and grandis principally by their striking shining black
coloration. There is also a possibility that they represent
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 139
the species described as Nitellia glabricula Bigot from a single
female from California. This species was described as being
shining black.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
AvpricuH, J. M.—Catalogue of North American Diptera. Smithsonian Mis-
cellaneous Collections, Vol. 46, 1905.
A.pricu, J. M.—Neotropical Muscoid Genus Mesembrinella Giglio-Tos and
other Testaceous Muscoid Flies. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu-
seum, Vol. 62, 1922, Art. 11, pp. 1-24.
Avpricu, J. M.—New Diptera or Two-winged Flies in the United States
National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. 66,
1925, Art. 18, pp. 1-36.
SHaAnnon, R. C.—Genera of Nearctic Calliphoridae, Blow-flies, with Revision
of the Calliphorini. Ins. Ins. Mens., Vol. 11, 1923, pp.
101-118.
SHannon, R. C.—Nearctic Calliphoridae, Luciliini. Ins. Ins. Mens., Vol.
12, 1924, pp. 67-81.
SHANNON AND Dosroscky.—The North American bird parasites of the genus
Protocalliphora. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol.
14, 1924, pp. 247-253.
Townsenp, C. H. T.—Catalogue of the Described South American species of
Calyptrate Muscidae. Ann. New York Acad. Sci.,
Vol. 7, 1892, pp. 1-44.
A FOREIGN CABBAGE FLEA-BEETLE IN THE UNITED STATES.
By F. H. Cuirrenpen, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
March 7, 1921, Mr. R. L. Michaud, Rochester, N. Y., wrote
for information as to how to dispose of what he termed a
“black flea” which was destroying seedling radish. May 7,
specimens were furnished which proved to be a Pahyllotreta
not hitherto known as occurring in this country. In regard to
the habits of the species, he wrote: ‘“The beetles work hardest
when the sun is hot and just as soon as the seed comes through
the ground they eat it. All my cabbage is ruined and com-
pletely gone. They hide in the ground at night and on cold
days. They are attacking not only radish and cabbage but
turnip and everything of the cabbage family and last summer
when there was nothing like that to feed on they attacked wax
beans.”” Our correspondent found it necessary to dig up his
beds for replanting. He stated that the insects did not appear
to injure plantings after the middle of August and that this was
the third season that they had “cleaned up” in his vicinity.
Others who grew radish in the neighborhood experienced the
same trouble.
140 ~— PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
The specimens of the seedling radish plants received showed
that the insects at first attacked the cotyledons, pitting them
with holes in the customary manner of flea-beetles, and after-
ward attacked the smaller first leaves as they developed.
Injury of this character showed practically complete destruction
of the plants attacked. Later in the same year Dr. D. E.
Fink visited the infested region and obtained additional speci-
mens of the beetles and their work and made observations on
local conditions. The species at that time appeared to be con-
fined to within a few miles of Rochester.
Recently, specimens of this Phy//otreta were forwarded to
Mr. F. Heikertinger, specialist on the Ha/ticini of Europe, who
prepared specimens of the male genitalia for positive identi-
cation. Under date of January 4, 1926, he wrote that the
species 1s surely the European Phyllotreta aera Allard, a form
which inhabits southern Europe and the southern portions of
middle Europe and which is now and then destructive to cruci-
ferous crop plants, such as cabbage, although it is not a common
species like atra and cruciferae. Specimens have also been taken
in Europe on a hedge mustard, Sisymbrium altissimum.
Ph. aerea belongs to a unicolorous group in which the antennal
joints are alike in the sexes. Since this adds another species
introduced from abroad, the others being armoraciae and vit-
tata, it is pertinent to remark that it is quite possible that any
or all of the Eurasian Phyllotretas might be introduced and
become more or less injurious in the course of years. Of the
related species there are the following:
Ph. nigripes Fab., larger and distinctly green in color. The
commonest of the ‘dark species occurring on cultivated and
wild Cruciferae in Germany and Austria.
Ph. cruciferae Goeze, not quite so large as the preceding,
metallic blue-green or less distinctly dark green. Very common,
widely distributed and destructive to cruciferous crops in
Europe.
Ph. atra Fab., a little larger than aerea but quite similar, also
very common, injurious and widely known 1 in Europe.
Ph. diademata Foudr., of similar size to aerea, occurring on
Radicula silvestris and Neslia paniculata, both fatacaliced from
Europe. Apparently not injurious.
Ph. austriaca Hktgr., a comparatively rare species occurring
on Sisymbrium strictitissimum in Austria.
Ph. consobrina Curt., an inhabitant of western Europe, is
similar to aerea only in ‘the female, the male being easily sepa-
rated by the fourth and fifth antennal joints being equally
dilated. This species is also destructive to cole crops.
Mr. H. S. Barber has called the writer’s attention to the re-
ceipt of a specimen of Ph. nemorum L. taken at Chicago, IIl.,
in a package from Germany, November 27, 1925. This is
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 141
one of the best known of the destructive European species and
might in all probability be introduced here as easily as was
the case of the injurious PA. armoraciae Koch, which is practi-
cally and fortunately restricted in its food habits, injuring so
far as known only horse-radish.
The following is a technical description of Ph. aerea:
Phyllotreta aerea Allard.
Phyllotreta aerea Allard, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1859, Bul. p. C. Heikertinger,
Halticinae, Kafer d. Deutsch. Reiches, IV, 1913, p. 177.
Phyllotreta punctulata Foudras, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser. 2, 1859-1860,
Pps259—20/.
Elongate oval, not more than twice as wide as long, moderately convex,
rather feebly polished black, with rather faint metallic, more or less aeneous,
lustre. Antennae very slender, slightly more than half as long as the body,
first three basal joints as viewed from lower surface light yellowish red.
Head narrow, surface distinctly, very finely, and somewhat densely punctulate;
eyes rather large and prominent. Prothorax moderately convex, long, nearly
one-third wider than long, feebly narrowed, a little wider at the apex than the
head, moderately arcuate at the sides, widest near the middle, feebly narrowed
at the base; surface finely, regularly, and sparsely punctate.- Elytra wide, dis-
tinctly wider at the base than the prothorax, humeri abruptly rounded, umbone
not prominent, sides moderately and evenly arcuate, punctation about as on
the prothorax, finer at the apex. Ventral segments shining black, finely,
rather densely punctulate, punctules with very fine, sparse gray hairs only.
Femora black, faintly pilose with gray; tibiae piceous, brown at articulations;
tarsi pale fuscous.
Male.—Antennal joints 2, 3, 4 subequal in length; 2 slightly wider than 3;
3 slightly shorter; 5 about one-fourth longer than 4 or 6; 7 scarcely wider; 8-11
a little wider than preceding, scarcely more than twice as wide as 2, 3, 4; sub-
equal in length, 11 a little longer. - Fifth ventral segment subtruncate, trans-
versely concave across the middle, not flat but with a ridge at the apex, tubercles
wanting or rather indefinitely indicated.
Female.—Antennae about as in the male. Fifth ventral segment feebly
concave at sides, apex conical without tubercles.
Length 1.4-2.2 mm.; width 0.7-1.1 mm.
Habitat.— Rochester, IN. Yu (Re 1, Michaud, (D. EF Finks),
Southern and South-central Europe.
Ph. aerea is not closely related to any described native form.
From any other species with which it might be confused, it
may be distinguished by its more perfectly oval and by the dis-
tinctive last ventral segment of the male. Compared with our
common pusi//a, the prothorax is wider and the color is not dis-
tinctly cupreous or aeneous as in that species. The eyes are
prominent, the humeri abruptly rounded, and the ventral
punctules bear fine gray hairs.
142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
A FOSSIL ORTHOPTEROUS INSECT FORMERLY REFERRED TO
MECOPTERA.
By T. D. A. CockEReEL.
Taphacris bittaciformis (Cockerell).
Eobanksia bittaciformis Cockerell, Amer. Journ. Science, XX VII (1909), p. 384.
When Dr. R. J. Tillyard recently visited me in Boulder, we
had a very enjoyable session going over some of the fossil in-
sects from Florissant, and among others, the type of Eobanksia
came up for review. I had not studied it since 1909, but on
taking it up again it at once occurred to me that it was Orthop-
terous. Dr. Tillyard, from his intimate knowledge of insect
pterology, at once confirmed this suspicion, and made the
suggestion that it represented a single hind wing, instead of a
pair of wings’as supposed. He also declared it Acridiid, and
considered it referable to Taphacris of Scudder, the type of
which (7. reliquata Scudder) is almost twice as large. I had
specimens of Taphacris in the collection, and we proceeded to
make comparisons, at once finding a close similarity. Since
Dr. Tillyard left, I have minutely examined the specimens, and
can confirm his opinions. The attempted restoration origi-
nally offered (I. c. fig. 9, A) is of course radically wrong, yet it
shows the essential features of the venation and can be under-
stood if, instead of making the outline of two wings, the ap-
parent upper wing is connected with the supposed lower, and it
is understood that the broad fan-like lower portion has been
lost. The notations Sc, R, Rs, M and Cu stand; Cu runs into
the first anal as Snodgrass figures for Dissosteira carolina, but
very much nearer the base of the wing. The parallel veins
marked R in the supposed hind wing are A3 and A4._ The costal
vein begins below the costal margin, but soon attains it as can
be seen in recent species. The obliquity of the cross-veins above
A3 and below A4 is a striking feature.
The second specimen referred to (I. c. fig. 8 and fig. 9B) shows
a hind wing completely folded, the first fold at the beginning of
the anals, as in Martynov’s recent figure of Locusta (Pacyhtylus)
migratoria. The veins are darker than in the type; the two
branches of the radial sector are about 1.7 mm. apart (3.4 apart
in the type), and the distal branch is again forked (simple in the
type). Dr. Tillyard thinks this is a distinct species, and I was
inclined to agree; but in view of the great variation shown in
the venation of Orthoptera (even on the two sides of the same
specimen) I will merely designate it as a new variery,
T. bittaciformis tillyardi. The type is at the University of Col-
orado; the reverse at Yale. So far, I have not found any
closely related recent genus.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 143
NOTES ON HYPOCHAETA AND RELATED GENERA OF MUSCOID
FLIES (DIPTERA).
By J. M. Acpricu.
Since I discussed Hypochaeta longicornis of Coquillett 1897
(these Proceedings, vol. 25, 1923, 161, 162) I have been per-
mitted to examine the type of Frivaldskia longicornis Schiner,
the European species which Coquillett believed he had recog-
nized from North America. In the article cited I assumed that
our species is different from that of Schiner, but later I had some
misgivings on the point. Through the liberality of the authori-
ties of the Vienna Natural History Museum in allowing me to
borrow Schiner’s type, I am able to clear up some relations, and
the discoveries should be put on record.
First a few words on the nomenclatural confusion about
this European species, which has been increased by the publi-
cation of Stein’s fine posthumous work on European Tachini-.
dae.
Schiner proposed the genus Frivaldskia to replace Fallenia
Meigen, preoccupied (1861, 142); in a list of Tachinidae he
merely wrote, “Frivaldskia (Fallenia Mg.),” but later (1862,
527) he gave characters for the genus. Now Fallenia Meigen
(1838, 265) was based on two species, Tachina longicornis Fallen
and Tachina coracina Meigen. Coquillett (1910, 544) desig-
nated the former as type, and it automatically becomes the
type of Frivaldskia also.
Brauer and Bergenstamm (1889, 93), recognizing the fact
that Schiner’s /ongicornis was not the same as Fallen’s estab-
lished the genus Hypochaeta, with the sole species “‘/ongicornis
Schiner (non Fall.).”
Thus Tachina longicornis Fallen became the type of Friva/d-
skia, and Frivaldskia longicornis Schiner became the type
of Hypochaeta. Stein (1900, 135) ascertained from Meigen’s
type that Schiner’s species is a synonym of Tachina distincta
Meigen (1824, 302), which becomes the prior name for the type
of Hypochaeta.
Bezzi (1907, 305) places under the name Frivaldskia (used as
a subgenus of Campylochaeta), only the two species /ongicornis
Fallen and distincta Meigen (syn. dongicornis Schiner); he makes
Hypochaeta a synonym of Frivaldskia.
Stein (1924, 104) puts under /7riva/dskia only the one species
distincta Meigen, with J/ongicornis Schiner as synonym; and
believing /ongicornis Fallen to be distinct generically he erects
for it the new genus Latigena. Here are evidently two errors,
as he should have used Friva/dskia for the latter and Hypochaeta
for the former—assuming that the two species are generically
distinct, which seems probable (I have not seen /ongicornis
Fallen, but it has proclinate ocellars).
144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Hypochaeta distincta Meigen, as represented by Schiner’s
type of longicornis, shows the following characters of special
interest besides those mentioned by Brauer and Bergenstamm:
Female.—Back of head with white hair except the orbital row, which is double
above, and a group of black hairs at lower part of cheek; the bristle of the cheek
is smaller than figured by Brauer, who overestimated its taxonomic value. It
is the same as in our farsalis. Palpi yellow.
Acrostichal 3, 2(?); dorsocentral 2, 3; humeral 4; posthumeral 1; presutural
2 (inner small); notopleural 2; supraalar 3 (only the middle one large); intraalar
3; postalar 2; sternopleural 2, 1 (lower anterior hairlike); pteropleural 0; in-
frasquamal hairs absent; scutellum with 2 lateral, 1 good sized decussate apical,
1 small discal. Squamae white, of ordinary form. Hypopleural bristles well
developed, 5 or 6.
First posterior cell ending a little farther before the tip of the wing than in our
tarsalis; the distance from tip of fourth vein to apex is very little less than from
auxiliary to first on costa. Last section of fifth vein to preceding as 20 to 24
by micrometer. Third vein at base with half a dozen hairs, two or three of
which are of very unusual size.
Front tarsi not at all notched underneath. Front tibia with two outer
bristles and row of large on front (extensor); middle tibia with 3 bristles and
some hairs on outer front side; hind tibia with 8 very uneven short and long
bristles on outer hind side; hind trochanter with a medium sized bristle.
There are four genera which form a very compact group,
hardly more than a genus in fact, characterized by having hairy
eyes; bristly facial ridges; receding face; third antennal joint
several times the second; ocellars large, erect, the tips reclinate
and diverging; first posterior cell ending near tip of wing;
smallish size and general gray color. Three are American, only
Hy pochaeta being European. Only five species are included.
They may all be readily tabulated as follows:
Key to Hypochaeta and Allied Genera.
L.Birst vein hairys sets ..20 | es eee ee De
First. vein bare:::5 ..2' 2 2 es ee ee 3)
2. Hind crossvein retracted, so that the last section of the fifth vein is con-
siderably more than half the preceding (North America).
Chaetophlepsis Townsend.
Hind crossvein not retracted, hence the last section of fifth vein is much
less than half the preceding (North America). ........---2--2.--c2.--0--00-1eseeo-o-s
Parahypochaeta Brauer and Bergenstamm.
3. Hind crossvein retracted (Europe)... Fined ts eee Shee ee
Hypochaeta Brauer and Bergenstamm.
Hind crossvein not retracted (Peru)-.........--.--._.-- Hy pochaetopsis Townsend.
Parahypochaeta Brauer and Bergenstamm (1891, 337) has
only the one species heferoneura. I have reported on the
type (1924, 215), and no other specimens are yet known. -
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 145
Chaetophlepsis Townsend (1915, 422) has two species; sar-
salis Townsend (ibid.) from North and South America, is gray,
while townsendi Smith (1916, 94) has red legs and abdomen.
Hypochaetopsis Townsend (1915, 422) has only one species,
chaetosa Townsend (ibid.).
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Atpricn, J. M.—1923. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 25.—1924. Annals Ent.
Soc. Amer., vol. 17.
Bezz1, M.—1907. Katalog der Palaarktischen Dipteren, vol. 3.
Braver, F. anp BercenstamM, J. E.—1889. Zweifl. Kais. Mus. Wien, part
4.—1891. Op. cit., part 5.
Coquititetr, D. W.—1910. The Type-Species of N. A. Genera of Diptera.
Proc. U. S. N. M., vol. 37.
MeicEn, J. W.—1824. Syst. Beschreib. Eur. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 4: —1838. Op.
Clesavolays
Scuiner, J. R.—1861. Wiener Ent. Monatsch., vol. 5.—1862. Fauna Aus-
triaca, Diptera, vol. 1.
SmitH, Harrison E.—1916. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 18.
Stein, Paut.—1900. Entom. Nachricht., vol. 26.—1924. Die Verbreitetsten
Tachiniden Mitteleuropas. Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 90.
Townsenb, C. H. T.—1915. Proc. U.S. N. M., vol. 49.
SOME RECENT GENERIC DERIVATIVES OF THE MALLOPHAGAN
GENUS PHILOPTERUS NITZSCH (PHILOPTERIDAE).
By H. E. Ewine, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
The genus Philopterus Nitzsch, like a few other genera of the
order Mallophaga, has long included a vast assemblage of species
that infest hosts of almost all the larger bird groups. In re-
cent years various genera have been split off from the old
cosmopolitan group, and in 1916 Cummings established at one
time four new genera for certain of its components. But even
with these various subtractions the genus yet includes upward
of two hundred valid species.
THe PHILopTERI OF OwLs.
Osborn (1896) pointed out that his PAilopterus bubonis of
the great horned owl, Budo virgininianus virginianus, showed
“decided affinities to ceblebrachys”’ and approached Nirmus,
particularly in the form of the head and in the rigidity of the
trabeculae. Mydberg (1910) was the first to separate any
of the owl-infesting species into a separate taxonomic
group. In this year he established his subgenus Strigiphilus,
which has been rightly raised to a genus by Harrison (1916), for
the peculiar owl-infesting species, PAzlopterus heterocerus
146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Nitzsch. Into this genus Harrison (1916) places two other
owl-infesting species, PAilopterus hexopthalmus Nitzsch and
Philopterus remotus Kellogg and Chapman. That this genus is
very distinctive in that the males have appendiculate antennae
and that the genital armature is peculiar is at once admitted.
In the shape of the head S¢rigiphilus species approach Philop-
terus ceblebrachys Nitzcsh, to be further considered.
Kellogg (1913) pointed out that the owl-infesting Philopteri
group themselves about three well differentiated types repre-
sented by Nitzsch’s three species, P. rostratus, P. cursor and
P. ceblebrachys. If Mjoberg’s subgenus is excluded from con-
sideration this undoubtedly is the case as far as our present
knowledge of the different species goes. Cummings (1916)
followed Kellogg in recognizing the latter’s three types of owl-
infesting Philopteri, and gave us for the first time a detailed
account of the genital armature of the species typifying the
three groups.
Kellogg believed that much of the variation found among the
owl Philopteri was of the individual type brought about “ prob-
ably through the unusual isolation of the separate groups of
individuals that compose the species.”
Cummings (1916) admitted the distinctness of the three types
of owl Philopteri, but believed a close relationship existed be-
tween these types and the hawk-infesting Philopteri in their
male copulatory apparatus.
Up to the present only nineteen species of Philopteri (exclusive
of the three species of S¢rigiphilus) have been described from
owls as type hosts, and of these Harrison (1916) recognizes as
valid only thirteen. These thirteen species are represented by
only eight type host species, which fall into as many genera.
Thus out of about a hundred owl species known from the
entire world, representing about a fourth as many genera, only
a small percentage of their lice has been studied and described.
Because of this paucity of knowledge concerning the Mallo-
phaga of owls as a group much hesitation is felt in making
generalizations of any kind. However, the writer would like to
summarize what is known regarding the distinctness of the
three types of owl-infesting Philopteri mentioned by Kellogg
and by Cummings, and also give a suggestion or two in regard
to the possible significance of the group differentiation observed.
The most distinctive group of the three is the ceblebrachys
group. In ceb/ebrachys itself the forehead is greatly shortened,
the sides being rounded; the trabeculae are short and immovable,
and do not reach the tip of segment one of the antenna; the eyes
are reduced and the cornea lacks the uniform curve found in
typical Philopteri; the male genital armature shows a long
slender basal plate, fused endomeres and short, stubby, free
parameres.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 147
P. cursor, typifying the cursor group of owl-infesting Philop-
teri, has the forehead more or less quadrangular, of medium
length, with the sides broadly incurved (concave); the trabeculae
are of medium size, longer than segment one of antenna, and
movable; the eyes are normal with evenly rounded corners; the
male reproductive organs are similar to those of ceblebrachys
except, as pointed out by Cummings, the vesicula seminalis is
very large and rather peculiarly shaped.
P. rostratus, representing the rostratus group of owl-infesting
Philopteri, is similar to cursor except that the forehead is much
longer and the vesicula seminalis is much smaller and differently
shaped.
In regard to the significance of these different types a note
should be given. After studying many species of Philopteri
infesting birds other than owls, it appears to the writer that in
two of the three mentioned groups, the cursor group and the
rostratus group, there are no characters that would differentiate
these from the great body of Philopteri left in Nitzcsh’s old
genus after subtracting Cumming’s genera, Anatoecus, Ibidoecus,
Neophilopterus and Dollabella. More than this, these two
groups run together completely in the shape of the head; and
even in the types of male genital armature we have an inter-
mediate type in P. syrnii Packard.
In the ceblebrachys group conditions are different. In the
shape of the head, the reduction in size of the trabeculae and
their fusion with the head and in the reduction of the eyes there
exists a combination of characters that sets apart these species
from all other Philopteri.
The writer believes that in the ceblebrachys group there has
been a parallel phylogenetic development of the parasites with
their hosts. It is probable that the members of this group
have been longest isolated on the owls, hence have to a much
greater degree adapted themselves in response to the environ-
ment imposed upon them by their owl hosts. Could not the
degeneration of the eyes, most noted in dubonis Osborn, be ex-
plained through adaptive responsiveness to the nocturnal habits
of the host in conjunction with their avoidance of bright light
in the daytime? The eyes being practically useless in the night
or in the dark places during the daytime, may have degenerated
just as they have in many cave-dwelling insects. However,
with their hosts, the owls, that are compelled to seek out free-
living prey widely scattered over the landside the eyes have
become acutely sharpened in their function. Do we not have
here, therefore, a remarkable case of a physical element of an
environment (darkness) working in opposite directions in its
modification effect upon a specialized organ of similar function
common to both host and parasite,—a subtle difference caused
by the diversity of the food and other habits of the two?
148 = PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
Because of the viewpoint of the present writer in regard to the
ceblebrachys group the liberty is here taken of establishing a new
genus for it.
EUSTRIGIPHILUS, new genus.
Forehead irregularly rounded, broader than long and with sides outwardly
rounded; signatural plate undivided and extending forward almost to the front
margin of head; clypeal bands well pigmented and extending to the margin of
head. Trabeculae reduced and immovable, not reaching the tip of the first
segment of antenna. Eyes small and with distorted corneas. Antennae the
same in the two sexes; short; segments one and two of about the same length.
Abdomen broad, stout. Male genital armature with long basal plate, fused
endomeres, and short, stubby, free parameres; a true penis wanting.
Genotype.—Philopterus ceblebrachys (Nitzsch).
Contained species—In addition to the type species, Philopterus bubonis
(Osborn) and Philopterus clypeatus (Mjoberg).
The type species shows the extreme diversification from the
typical Philopteri. In P. dubonis the forehead is not so well
rounded. The same is even more true of P. clypeatus. In
addition, the last mentioned species has much larger trabeculae
than those of the type species. Doubtless other species will be
added to this genus in the future.
Tue Puitoprert or Cuckoos.
Four species of cuckoo-infesting Philopteri contained in the
National Museum Collection have been studied. All of these
show a clypeal region which is characteristic, having an ex-
panded hyaline margin with the front part incurved and a tuft
of three or more long setae on top of each clypeal band. Among
the bird hosts cuckoos are held to occupy a rather isolated and
primitive position. It is interesting to note, therefore, that
some of their Philopteri have a distinctive appearance. A new
genus is here established for certain cuckoo-infesting species.
CUCULOECUS, new genus.
Clypeal region with a hyaline margin throughout, which in front is incurved
or concave; signatural plate entire; clypeal bands not reaching the lateral
margins of the head and each bearing dorsally at its anterior end a tuft of three
or more long setae. Trabeculae very large and movable. Antennae medium
and similar in the two sexes. Eyes normal with evenly rounded corneas.
Abdomen broad and stout; tergites of female interrupted in the middle. Genital
armature of male with slender basal plate; parameres stout, free, incurved;
endomeres fused into an endomeral plate which usually protrudes beyond the
parameres; penis present, but small and not well developed.
Genoty pe.—Philopterus coccygi (Osborn).
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926 149
Contained species ——In addition to the type species, P. /atifrons (Nitzsch),
and two other undescribed species, one from a Cuban cuckoo and one from a
Chinese cuckoo.
Cumming’s Genera.
The genera established by Cummings (1916) are quite dis-
tinctive. These four genera, the two new ones established in
this paper and Myjéberg’s owl-infesting genus are separated
from each other in the following key.
Key to Seven of the Generic Derivatives of Philopterus Nitzcsh.
1. Clypeal region expanded, with free margin hyaline throughout, in front in-
curved, or emarginate, and bearing above on each lateral chitinization
(clypeal band) a tuft of three or more long setae. Parasitic on cuckoos.
Cuculoecus, new genus.
Clypeal region without such characters pe
. Clypeal region expanded and with hyaline free margin throughout but
rounded and not emarginate in front; antennae very short. Parasitic
OnPeeses GUCKS ands Wansees .. = es. eee Anatoecus Cummings.
Clypeal region but little if at all expanded, not evenly rounded and not
bounded throughout by a hyaline margin__ 2
3. Antennae of males appendiculate, or having a lateral process; forehead
short; broader than long. Parasitic on owls... Strigiphilus Mjoberg.
Antennae of males not appendiculate, but the same as those of females... 4.
4. Forehead irregularly rounded, much broader than long and with sides out-
curved; trabeculae reduced, immovable, and not reaching the distal end
of first antennal segment; eyes reduced. Only found on owls.
i)
Eustrigiphilus, new genus.
Forehead more or less rectangular with sides broadly emarginate (con-
cave); trabeculae larger and usually movable; eyes with rounded hyaline
CEOS GT SES ee ee eae eee ee
5. Signatural plate divided; antennae long, with segment two distinctly longer
than any of the others. Parasitic on ibises........ Ibidoecus Cummings.
Signatural plate not divided; antennae shorter-._.._...___....-.---- pe BA a, 6.
6. Tergites of females interrupted dorsally. Parasitic on storks.
Neophilopterus Cummings.
Tergites of females extending across the abdomen and uniting the pleu-
rites of the two sides. Parasitic on Numenius species...
Dollabella Cummings.
THe PuHitoprert oF Birps or Prey.
Cummings (1916) calls attention to the similarity of the male
genital armature of the Philopteri of owls to those of the birds
of prey. Undoubtedly there is a rather marked similarity be-
tween the two. It should be noted, however, that whereas the
genital armature of the owl-infesting species shows the penis
either vestigial or wanting, it is present, though small, in the
birds-of-prey type. Also in the Philopteri of birds of prey the
150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 6, JUNE, 1926
endomeres are not united distally, hence a true endomeral
plate is wanting.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Cummincs, B. F.—1916. Studies on the Anoplura and Mallophaga, etc.,
Pt. II. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1916, pp. 643-693, figs. 1-36.
Harrison, L.—1916. The Genera and Species of Mallophaga. Parasitology,
Vol. IX, No. 1, pp. 1-156.
Ketiocc, V. L.—1913. The Docophori of Owls. Science, Vol. XX XVII,
No. 943, pp. 154-155.
Myjoserc, E.—1910. Studien ttber Mallophagen und Anopluren. Ark. f.
Zool., Bd. VI, n. 13, pp. 1-296, figs. 1-156, Taf. I-V.
Ossorn, H.—1896. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Div. Ent., Bul. No. 5 (new series).
DIESTRAMMENA OCCURRING IN WELLS (ORTHOPTERA:
TETTIGONIDAE).
By A. N. Caupe i, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
In December, 1923, a letter was received from Mr. W. M.
Wallace of Carterville, Illinois, saying his well was infested
with crickets. These insects had first been noted by him the
previous spring when numbers of them were seen to jump
down into the water when the lid of the well was raised. Little
was thought of the matter until they began to multiply in num-
bers. It was then decided to draw all the water out of the
well, which was done twice during the summer and again in
the fall, each time the walls of brick being washed. “And
now,” the letter states, ““we have a well full of water and
bugs.”” As many as five young ones are sometimes drawn
up in one bucket of water; and he surmised that the eggs of
the crickets must have been deposited in the crevices of the
bricks. A specimen was sent for determination and proved
to be Diestrammena japanica Blatchley. This insect has
hitherto been found only in green houses, except for a single
specimen taken in Kansas under a sidewalk and near a green
house. Thus this occurrence in such numbers in a well, espe-
cially in the winter, is of decided interest.
Actual date of publication, Fune 28, 1926.
EDITORIAL.
Every now and then I am rebuked by my betters for using
the word “‘scientist.”” They would have me use instead, “man
of science.” I wonder why? “Man of science”’ is admittedly
a felicitous phrase; it fills the mouth comfortably; it is rhyth-
mical; it has a certain romantic, high-quality ring reminding
of such similar phrases as “‘man of destiny,” “‘man of mystery,”
“man of war.” Ordinarily it serves very well as a substitute
for the simpler term; it serves nicely, when we are discriminat-
ing among men, to distinguish some as “men of science.” It
gives relief to sentences that otherwise would be burdened with
too many repetitions of the same word. It is a fitting phrase;
but it is not strictly synonymous with “‘scientist,” nor can it
always serve so well. It would be rather awkward to speak
of Mme. Curie as a “man of science.” She might be called
a ““woman of science’’; but such a designation would hint too
strongly of feminist discrimination. (“scientific woman,’
“scientific lady”’ are of course out of the question; they are
ambiguous; besides, they suggest such other monstrous combi-
nations as “‘scientific poet,” “scientific barber.”’) No! There
are times when only the word “scientist”? will do. What is
the objection to it anyway? It is a good word,—a little harsh
perhaps (all words ending in is¢ are), but a word of character.
Like “‘chemist,” “organist,” “theosophist” it means some-
thing definite. (It does at least to those who respect words.)
The cat-like hiss at the end, while not beautiful is decidedly
appropriate. It has an arresting quality. It reminds us that
we are faced by a definitive word, one that we should handle with
care. Perhaps we have handled it too carelessly. Perhaps
by abuse, by applying the term “scientist” indiscriminately
to men (and women) of science, inventors, medical practi-
tioners, compilers of statistics, Viennese pseudo- peo
squirt-gun experts, devotees of Christian Science and dispenser
of Popular-Science we have somewhat degraded it. But :
that sufficient reason for abandoning it altogether? I think
not. If we are to abandon all abused words we might as well
throw our dictionaries away and let emotion have complete
mastery over language. Rather let us abandon the abuse.
Let us revive the ancient and honorable habit of defining terms
as we use them. Let us define—or redefine—“‘scientist,” and,
having defined it, let us use it strictly in accordance with the
definition,
—Carl Heinrich.
“NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS.
Applied Entomology, An Introductory Text Book of Fisects
and Their Relation to Man, 2d Edition, H. T. Fernald, McGraw
Hill Book Company, Inc., 1926.—TVhe second edition of this
book indicates that it is meeting the expectations of its author
in filling a want for a class-room text book to be used as an
introductory course in entomology.
The book work is good, but it is to be regretted that many
of the orders are only illustrated with half tone plates which
show no anatomical structures so useful to the student in
identifying insects. The pen and ink plates are much more
satisfactory. :
The arrangement of the book for class-room work is excel-
lent; the first four chapters introducing the student to ento-
mology, orienting in his mind the relative position of insects
among other animals, familiarizing him with the rudiments of
external and internal anatomy and the general scheme‘of insect
development. The next five chapters cover the economic
significance of insects from a human viewpoint and give a brief
outline of control practices. These first nine chapters admira-
bly cover the work that should be required of all students
undertaking undergraduate courses on agricultural subjects.
From chapter 10 on the book is a popularized and simplified
taxonomically-arranged treatise, only adequate for under-
graduate students specializing in economic entomology.
A striking weakness is the lack of any bibliographical refer-
ences to help broaden the necessarily brief treatment of the
several orders; and the chapters on anatomy are too elementary
for Junior and Senior work. ie
The biological notes accompanying the taxonomic ‘diagffosis.
~ of each order make the book very readable. ‘
—F. As Hyslop:
VOL. 28 OCTOBER, 1926 No. 7
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
CHITTENDEN, F, H.—TWO NEW SPECIES OF ATTELABUS WITH NOTES (COLE-
DERTAN yee « Feud eet mores MOTE. «Sat de ait ody Boyes 162
COCKERELL, T. D. A, THE GENUS DIXA IN COLORADO (DIPTERA: DIXIDAE) 166
HOFFMAN, WM, A.—NOTES ON CERATOPOGONINAE (DIPTERA)... - « 156
MANN, W. M.—THREE NEW TERMITOPHILOUS BEETLES FROM BRITISH
151
CEDIA AGEN el isi erste nf) 5 oR aie Ane seta ley ines tea eas n oe 0) ub) nel is’ ,o. fol iMate ia Lie). is
TAKAHASHI, RYOICH],—THE APHIDS OF MYZOCALLIS INFESTING THE BAMBOO 159
Pus.tisHeD Montuiy Excerpt Jury, AuGust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
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3, 1917, authorized July 3 1918.
THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1926.
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Second..Vice=Presidaat 3 Sa ee J. E. GRAF
Wecohain Deoeelary =< 5s ee eR ee C. T. GREENE
Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer. 2. 6 2 ae ee S. A. ROHWER
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
ADR hes eS ee sf, ee CARL HEINRICH
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Executive Committee: THE Orricers and W. R. Watton, A. N. CAupe ut,
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Representing the Society as a Vice-President of the Washington Academy of
wernes > s Sen a a tte cra tk a A. G. BOVING
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 28 OCTOBER: 1926 No.
~I
THREE NEW TERMITOPHILOUS BEETLES FROM BRITISH
GUIANA.
By W. M. Manny, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
A number of years ago Dr. Alfred Emerson sent me a large
series of termitophiles which he collected in British Guiana.
Only a small portion of these interesting beetles have been
worked up. The following paper deals with descriptions of
three of the new forms,
PODUROIDES, new genus.
Small, tapering little depressed species, with the pronotum and elytra some-
what expanded and thin at sides. Head nearly as broad as anterior border
of pronotum, transversely oval, occipital angles rounded; in front of eyes
obliquely receding. Eyes well developed, moderately convex. Clypeus
transverse, straight at anterior border. Labrum transverse, feebly emargi-
nate at middle of front, rounded at sides. Maxillae with outer lobe long and
slender, inner lobe shorter and strongly setose on inner border. Maxillary
palpi 4-jointed; second joint nearly as long as the third, slender basally and
clavate at apex, third joint strongly enlarged, terminal joint slender, acumi-
nate. Ligula elongate, excised apically to form two conical lobes. Labial
palpi 3-jointed, first joint elongate, second transverse, third a little longer
than the. second and half as thick. Mandibles stout, acuminate, finely toothed
near middle, prostheca elongate, well developed. Antennae 11-jointed, stout,
basal joint broad and concave above, second joint broader than the third.
Pronotum convex. FElytra moderately convex, strongly transverse. Abdomen
evenly tapering, seven segments visible from above. Legs short, femora and
tibiae rather strongly compressed, coxae contiguous, tarsi 4-4—4 jointed.
Genotype.—Poduroides bovingi, new species.
Poduroides bovingi, new species.
Length 1.25 mm.
Reddish brown, elytra, and antennae except the terminal joint, a little
darker than the rest, terminal and penultimate joints of antennae yellow.
Head and body finely punctate and covered with moderately abundant yellow
pile which is exceedingly fine and short on the dorsum and longer on ventral
surface of abdomen; brown, rather stiff, though fine, erect hairs sparse on
head, thorax and elytra, more abundant on gaster where there are also sparse,
fine, long, suberect yellow hairs; legs pilose; antennae very finely setose.
Head nearly twice as broad as long, vertex transversely convex, front flat,
‘
132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
clypeal region flat. Diameter of eyes greater than their distance to posterior
border of head. Antennae about as long as head and thorax together, basal
joint broader than the others, strongly depressed, with the upper surface
distinctly concave; second joint transverse, the remainder forming a club,
tapering at apex, joints 3-9 strongly transverse, 10 less than twice as broad as
long, 11 connate, longer than broad but shorter than 9 and 10 together.
Pronotum convex, a little broader than long and a little broader behind
than in front, anterior angles broadly and posterior more narrowly rounded,
sides feebly arcuate, anterior border straight, posterior border arcuate at
middle, concealing the scutellum. Elytra a little broader than pronotum
and together more than twice as broad as long, broadest in front of middle,
behind which the sides are nearly straight, anterior corners rounded, posterior
corners subangulate, posteriof margin nearly straight. Abdomen tapering, a
little longer than head, thorax and elytra together.
Type locality —Kartabo Point, British Guiana.
Fig. 1. Poduroides bovingi Mann. Head of adult, ventra view (ant. = antennal
ring; c=cardo; g=galea; gu=gula; 1=lacinia; la=labrum; li=
ligula; m=mentum; pr=prostheca; sl=stipes labii; sm =submen-
tum; st=stipes.
Fig. 2. P. bdvingi Mann. Adult, dorsal view.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 153
Host.—Nasutitermes (Nasutitermes) gaiget Emerson.
Type and paratype-—Cat. No. 29061 U. S. N. M.
Described from three specimens under Emerson number
163); the type on a tag, one paratype on a slide, the other para-
type in alcohol.
This genus from tarsal formula and structure of trophi be-
longs near the Corotocini, but is very distinct from the genera
in that group in the structure of the antennae. The strongly
sloping front of head, concealed by the broad, basal antennal
joints makes it necessary to dissect the specimen to see even the
form of the clypeus.
The habitus sketch and that of the details of the head were
kindly drawn by Dr. Boving, to whom, in recognition of his
studies in beetle anatomy, I dedicate the species.
Subfamily TACHYPORINAE.
TERMITONICUS new genus.
Body depressed, broadest at elytra and base of abdomen, tapering behind.
Head small, not concealed, much narrower than pronotum, subovate, surface
flattened in front, convex behind, posterior border biconcave. Labrum trans-
verse, convex, rounded at anterior border. Maxillary palpi small, second
and third joints subequal in length and thickness, the second clavate and
curved, the third subcylindrical, terminal joint thick and very short. Mandi-
ble stout basally, slender and acuminate at tip. Labial palpi 3-jointed, basal
joint thick, second and third joints subequal. Ligula long, slender, bifid, the
tips conical. Antennae 11-jointed, slender, only slightly thickened toward
apex, longer than head and thorax, not geniculate, all joints longer than broad.
Eyes well developed. Pronotum broad, convex, the sides arcuately expanded
as thin lamellae. Elytra very broad, with median portion convex and sides
broadly expanded. Abdomen broad basally, evenly narrowed behind, in
profile thickest in front of middle, more convex above than beneath; sides
broadly margined, the marginal line distinctly impressed but very narrow;
7 segments visible. Legs short, femora flattened, tibiae slender, tarsi 4-4-4
jointed, basitarsi not longer than second joint; coxae approximate.
Genotype.—Termitonicus mahout, new species.
Termitonicus mahout, new species.
Length 1.75 mm.
Dark reddish brown, shining; sparsely, finelyand shallowly punctate. Brown-
ish erect hairs sparse on thorax, elytra and antennae, absent on head, except
labrum, and on legs except a pair on anterior trochanters; abdomen with
exceedingly fine, short, recumbent yellow pubescence.
Head a little longer than broad, front flat, vertex convex, sides behind eyes
evenly arcuate to posterior border; clypeus short, truncate anteriorly. Eyes
moderately convex, shorter than their distance to occipital angles. First an-
tennal joint about as long as second and third joints together, rather slender,
its apex twice as broad as the base, second joint two-thirds as long as the third,
154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
remaining joints longer than broad, decreasing in length toward apex, terminal
joint conical, shorter than the two preceding together.
Pronotum more than two times as broad as head, anterior border emargi-
nate; sides, anterior and posterior angles strongly arcuate, posterior border
at middle broadly rounded. Elytra individually much broader than long,
together nearly twice as broad as pronotum, sides arcuate, posterior corners
subangulate, border broadly emarginate. Abdomen at base nearly as wide
as elytra, sides convergent, nearly straight.
Type locality —Kartabo, British Guiana (Emerson).
Host.—Nasutitermes (Velocitermes) beebei Emerson.
Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 29062 U.S. N. M.
Described from four tag-mounted specimens (one type) and
one slide-mounted specimen taken by Dr. Emerson, and béar-
ing his number 389. Dr. Emerson has prepared a figure of the
species to publish with notes on its biology.
Termitonicus, from the position of the antennal insertions,
the structure of the thorax, with the spiracles exposed, and the
arrangement of the coxae, comes in the Tachyporinae, but can
be assigned to none of the known groups, the 4-jointed tarsi
not conforming to those characters of other groups than the
Hypocypti and the 11-jointed antennae separating it from that
group.
The depressed and broad triangular abdomen, the form of
the expanded pronotum and elytra are distinctive.
Tribe BotrrocHarInI. ~
Group Leptusae.
TERMITOSPECTRUM, new genus.
Small, robust species, somewhat resembling PAilotermes, with pronotum
expanded laterally and moderately physogastric. Head depressed, excluding
labrum, transverse, broad posteriorly, the front and vertex shallowly concave.
Labrum longer than broad and narrowly rounded at anterior margin, surface
convex. Mentum quadrangular, submentum long and narrow. Ligula pro-
jecting as an elongate, simple, subcylindrical process. Labial palpi 3-jointed,
second joint shorter and very slightly broader than the third, which is about
two times as long as broad.
Mandibles slender, arcuate, simple. Maxillae with outer lobe very long
and slender, slightly thickened apically.
Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, first joint very small, second slender at basal
half, clavate anteriorly, about half as thick as the third which is elongate-oval
and a little longer than the second, fourth small, subulate. Antennal fossae
small. Antennae 11-jointed, basal joint thickly ovate, shorter than second
and third joints together, second joint distinctly longer than broad, constricted
at base, joints 3-10 submoniliform, those on the basal half less rounded than
those apically, terminal joint ovate, shorter than joints 9-10 together.
Eyes large, convex.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, ocT., 1926 155
Pronotum transverse, sides produced laterally as broad, very thin lamellae,
robust and strongly convex above and concave beneath, separated from the
discal portion by heavy diagonal furrows, posterior border narrowly lamellate.
Elytra distinctly narrower than thorax, together much broader than long,
humeri subgibbous, sides feebly arcuate, posterior angles narrowly rounded,
posterior border strongly emarginate. Scutellum short and broad. Abdomen
a little wider than pronotum, broadest basally, narrowed and rounded apically,
sides arcuate, convex above and strongly convex beneath, roundly margined
at sides, carried elevated. Mesosternum finely carinate between coxae, pos-
terior margin projecting and rounded between metasternal coxae.
Legs rather stout, femora and middle and posterior tibiae moderately
compressed. Tarsi 4-4-5 jointed, basitarsi shorter than the other joints
together.
Genotype.—Termitospectrum thoracicum, new species.
Termitospectrum thoracicum, new species.
Length 1.60 mm.
Pale reddish brown, front of head, margins of pronotum, tips of elytra and
the appendages yellow-brown. Head, thorax and elytra shallowly cribrate-
punctate. Hairs yellow in color, on dorsal surface sparse, on front of head
more abundant, fine and erect, on ventral surface and appendages abundant,
longer and coarser.
Head broadly rounded at sides posterior to eyes, the hind border fitting the
deeply emarginate anterior border of pronotum. Pronotum about twice as
broad as head, excluding eyes, anterior angles of margin produced as rounded
lobes and separated from the remainder of margin by a shallow, oblique im-
pression.
Type locality —Kartabo Point, Kartabo, British Guiana.
Type.—Cat. No. 29063 U.S. N. M.
Host.—Nasutitermes (Nasutitermes) gaigei Emerson.
There is some superficial resemblance to the genus PAz/o-
termes, but Termitospectrum is distinct from this genus in the
structure of the pronotum, the greatly elongate labrum, its
moniliform antennae and tapering abdomen.
Described from two specimens, the type bearing A. Emerson
number 163} and definitely associated with the above host; the
paratype under Emerson number 390 and believed to be associ-
ated with the same host but found in a nest which was second-
arily used by Nasutitermes gaiget and Nasutitermes beebei Emer-
son.
156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
NOTES ON CERATOPOGONINAE (DIPTERA).
By Wm. A. HorrMan.!
Taxonomists interested in the Chironomidae have never been
certain as to what the genus Ceratopogon actually represented.
Edwards (1) (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, Vol. VI: 127,
1920) has outlined the various concepts held by investigators
in this field. Through inquiry Edwards established the fact
that Meigen’s type C. communis possessed affinities with both
Atrichopogon and Stilobezzia. He later informed me that a
personal examination demonstrated that a microscopical pubes-
cence was present on the eyes, and therefore Psi/ohelea Kiefter
was synonymous with Ceratopogon. Among a number of
Ceratopogoninae sent me by Dr. Felt of Albany, New York,
was included a series, the characters of whose members coincided
in the main with descriptions of Edwards (1), Winnertz (2),
Kieffer (3) and Goetghebuer (4), the species concerned having
been placed under Ceratopogon (Psilohelea). Since no American
ceratopogonine has as yet been definitely classed as a species
of Cerctopogon as limited by Edwards and the above-mentioned
workers, this form, apparently new, is described in order that
it may serve as a basis for comparison.
Ceratopogon culicoidithorax, new species.
Length of body (dry specimen) approximately 2 mm.; length of wing 1.32
mm.; width of wing .69 mm.
Occiput black, surface dull, covered with a fine gray pruinescence; frons
hour glass shaped, decidedly narrowed between the bases of the antennae;
clypeus slightly shiny, proboscis much more so, and slightly shorter. Palpi
five segmented, the apical one longest, third proportionately shorter than in
Culicoides and Leptoconops. The distance between the inner margins of the
eyes is about one-seventh the head width. The antennae are short, dark
yellowish brown, segments four to ten inclusive approximately spherical, the
apical five becoming progressively longer, though the length of the terminal
member does not exceed its width by more than a third. Surface of thorax
brownish black, shiny, with fine grayish pruinescence; hairs few in number,
black and coarse, restricted chiefly to the areas near the wing bases and the
margins of the prescutellar depression. Ovate sensory organs on the fore
part of the mesonotum are a prominent feature as with Culicoides, though
possibly more shallow. Surface of scutellum and metanotum similar to that
of mesonotum, the former with two pairs of coarse black hairs, one median,
the other lateral, also several minute ones, all arranged in a transverse row.
Greater portion of haltere pale except the light brown base. Legs well devel-
oped, tibiae especially so, of a medium brown shade, tarsi lighter; the tibiae~
tend to be more heavily clothed with long coarse hairs; the second and third
1From the Department of Medical Zoology, School of Hygiene and Public
Health of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 E57
tibiae lack spines, the first terminated by a spur; the last has the usual apical
row of spinulae; metatarsus not quite equal to combined length of following
two segments, fourth very small, obcordate; metatarsus with four pairs of small
spines ventrally, first two of these heavier, second segment with a terminal
pair, posterior metatarsus with a number of ventral spinulae; claws dark,
strong, almost as long as fifth tarsal segment, each with an inconspicuous tooth
about midway from the base; an extremely minute empodium may be seen
under favorable conditions. Wing practically devoid of macrotrichiae; veins
R 14243 and R 445 (first and second longitudinal) are exceptionally well
developed, rising above the surface; radial cells approximately equal in length,
the second considerably wider, its distal end not quite attaining a point two_
thirds of the wing length from the base; Cu forks directly below the median
end of the radio-median crossvein. Abdomen dull brown, with few brown
hairs, chiefly situated laterally.
Male similar to the female except in regard to the usual secondary sexual
characters; in the female the radial cells are practically contiguous while in the
male they are separated by a distance almost equal to the length of each, this
result apparently having been brought about by coalescence of the radial veins
in the apical portion of the first cell and the basal part of the second; these
cells are therefore shorter than the same structures in the female. The claw
of the male is shorter and lacks the median tooth.
i yy !
Pp ysnay
TV LUVOR DUNN in"
Fig. A. Culicoides mississippiensis. Wing.
Fig. B. Ceratopogon culicoidithorax. Wing.
Fig. C. Ceratopogon culicoidithorax. Male hypopygium; side pieces, claspers,
and ninth tergite: ventral view.
Fig. D. C. culicoidithorax. Male hypopygium, harpes and aedoeagus: ventral
view.
158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
Karner, N. Y., May 14,1906. Eight cotypes,6 9° 9. 1 #in
the New York State Museum at Albany, 1 @ in the U. S.
National Museum. Cat. No. 29423.
The presence of prominent sensory thoracic organs suggests
that Ceratopogon may be closely allied to Culicoides, while the
radial cells‘markedly resemble those of Sti/obezzia. The larva
of Stilobezzia coquilleti Kief (picta Coq.) can not be distinguished
from Culicoides, at least under the lower powers of a binocular.
The larva of this species, however, is quiescent, while those
species of Culicoides in which the larvae have an aquatic exis-
tence, move in an active vibratory manner.
Culicoides mississippiensis, new species.
Length (dry specimen) approximately 1.5 mm.; length of wing 1.4 mm.;
width of wing .62 mm.
Frons, clypeus and antennae light brown, palpi darker, third segment long
gradually widening up to three-fourths its length; proboscis blackish brown,
shiny; fourth segment of antennae slightly shorter than fifth; occiput brown,
densely covered with gray pruinescence, with a number of short brown hairs.
Inner margins of eyes almost contiguous at vertex. Thorax brown, densely
covered with gray pruinescence, with a number of short hairs,—those in and
bounding the prescutellar depression and at the wing bases considerably longer.
Sensory organs crescent shaped, inner end wider. Scutellum similar to meso-
notum except for a darker median patch. Stem of haltere yellowish, button
chiefly brown. Legs long, yellowish brown, first tarsal segment more than
twice the length of second. Wings white, with a tendency toward the forma-
tion of three brownish bands, the first midway between the radio-median
crossvein and the base, disappearing at vein M, visible again below Cu,
then gradually becoming fainter. The second crosses the middle of the
wing in a similar manner; the third begins beyond the second radial cell,
irregularly across the wing, giving off branches to the tip along veins M1,
M2? and the first branch of Cu and along the anterior margin. These surround
three large apical white spots. Microtrichiae occur on the distal half and the
anal portion. Abdomen dull brown, covered with fine gray pruinescence, with
a few long hairs; the second to seventh segments inclusive are lighter along
the posterior margin. The sensory organs in these segments are very promi-
nent; they consist of a basal anterior pair widely separated and a posterior
pair located medially.
Pass Christian, Miss., April, 1925 (Mrs. J. Michels): “trouble-
some.” Eight female cotypes in the collection of the U. S. Na-
tional Museum. Cat. No. 29206.
Attention is called to a typographical error occurring in the
synoptic key of the American species of Culicoides (Amer.
Journ. Hygiene, 5:278, 1925). The first portion of couplet 16
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 159
should refer to C. stellifer, the second to couplet 17 instead of
the reverse. Since the appearance of this paper some additional
distributional records have been obtained. C. venustus Hoff.
known heretofore only from Baltimore was taken at Nassau,
N. Y., June 22,1907. A specimen of C. ste/lifer Coq. from Specu-
lator, June 8, 1911, also represents a new record from New York.
Occurrence of an individual of C. melleus Cog. collected with the
type series of C. mississippiensis at Pass Christian, Miss.,
indicates that like C. furens Poey this form is apparently re-
stricted to coasts and inlets. Other localities for this species
are Lake Worth, Florida (type), and South River, Maryland,
Jones 2, 1923:
LITERATURE CITED.
(1) Epwarps, H. F.—On the Use of the Generic Name Ceratopogon, Meigen.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 9, VI; 127-130. 1920.
(2) Winnertz.—Linnea Ent., 6:57. 1851.
(3) Kierrer, J. J—Chironomides d’Europe. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 17:66-69.
1919.
(4) GarrcHesBuER, M.—Ceratopogoninae de Belgique. Mem. du Mus. Royal
d’Hist. Nat. de Belgique VIII, Fasc 3, 66-69. 1920.
THE APHIDS OF MYZOCALLIS INFESTING THE BAMBOO.
By Royicur TAKAHASHI, Department of Agriculture, Research Institute, Taihoku,
Formosa, fapan.
At present seven species of Myzoca/lis are known to occur on
the bamboo (Bambusa, Arundinaria, Dendrocalamus and Sasa).
Myzocallis arundinariae Essig.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Entom., 1, p. 302 (1917).
Host-—Bambusa, Arundinaria.
Distribution —Japan, North America.
Myzocallis arundicolens Clarke.
Canad. Entom., xxxv, p. 249 (1903).
Synonym.—Takecallis bambusae Matsumura, J]. Coll. Agr. Sapporo, vii, p.
373(1917).
Host—Bambusa, Arundinaria, Sasa.
Distribution —Japan, North America, England.
Myzocallis bambusifoliae Takah.
Aphididae of Formosa, part 1, p. 73 (1921), part 2, p. 123, pl. II, B, fig. 6
(1923) and part 3, p. 63 (1924).
160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
Host.—Bambusa.
Distribution.—Formosa.
Myzocallis formosanus Takah.
Aphididae of Formosa, part 3, p. 64 (1924).
Host.—Arundinaria.
Distribution.—Formosa: Arisan (altitude about 8,000 feet).
Myzocallis sasae Mats.
Jl. Coll. Agr. Sapporo, VII, p. 372 (1917).
Host.— Sasa, Bambusa.
Distribution.—Japan.
Myzocallis taiwanus, new species.
The aphid recorded as Myzocallis sasae Mats.? in my paper
(Aphididae of Formosa, part 4, p. 46) is not true sasae Mats.,
but is hitherto undescribed.
Winged viviparous female.—Green, without stripes and patches on the dor-
sum. Head and thorax slightly brownish. The 3d antennal joint black on
the apical part and slightly dusky on the basal part; the 4th black on the
distal half; the 5th and 6th black. Cornicles somewhat dusky. Body oblong.
Head a little protruding at the middle of the front above the front ocellus,
between the antennae (near the front) with a pair of very small tubercles each
bearing a fine hair which is much shorter than the 2d antennal joint, wanting
hairs on the dorsal side. Eyes large, with moderate ocular tubercles. Frontal
tubercles absent. Antennae slender, provided with a few very short setae;
the 3d joint somewhat imbricated on the distal portion, provided with 4-7
oval sensoria of medium size arranged in a single row on the basal one-third
which is somewhat dilated and almost as stout as the front tibia; the 4th imbri-
cated, lacking sensoria; the relative length of joints about as follows: I1I—122,
IV—80, V—70, VI—80 (42+38). Rostrum short, reaching a little beyond
the front coxae. The Ist oblique on the front wing slightly curved; the 2d
distinctly curved at the middle; the 3d twice branched, the upper branch
extending to the apex of the wing; stigmatic vein faint, moderately curved;
hind wings with 2 somewhat divergent obliques; hooklets 2. Thorax and
abdomen almost lacking hairs. Abdomen at the middle of the basal part of
the dorsum with 2 pairs of blunt tubercles which are larger than the cornicle,
conical in shape, almost as long as wide at midlength and each bearing a short
bristle at the apex; a few similar, but smaller tubercles present near the side.
Cornicles small, constricted at the middle, expanded at the base, wider than
long, much smaller than the cauda. Cauda a little shorter than the distal
part of the 6th antennal joint, wider than the lobe of the anal plate, constricted,
with many long bristles of which one pair is longer and stouter. Anal plate
deeply bilobed, provided with some very long bristles. Legs slender; tibiae
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 161
provided with numerous rather long setae; front tibiae almost as long as the
3d antennal joint; hind tarsi somewhat shorter than the cauda.
Length of body—about 2.0 mm. Antenna—about 1.8 mm. Fore wing—
about 2.5 mm.
Host—Bambusa, attacking the young leaf and shoot.
Distribution —Formosa (Taiwan): Taihcku, Karenko.
Type.—In Research Institute collection, Taihoku, Formosa.
Oo
Lp
ri
1. Fore wing of M. taiwanus TVakah.
2. Tubercle on the abdomen of M. taiwanus Vakah.
3. Cornicle of M. taiwanus Takah.
4. Cornicle of M. formosanus Takah.
Fig. 5. Cornicle of M. bambusifoliae Takah.
6. Cornicle of M. bambusicola Takah.
7. 3d antennal joint of M. sasae Mats.
8. 3d antennal joint of M. taiwanus Vakah.
This species is very closely allied to M. sasae Mats., but is
different from it in the shape and distribution of the sensoria on
162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
the 3d antennal joint, as well as in the more distinct tubercles
on the basal part of the abdomen. In sasae Mats., the sensoria
are almost circular in shape and arranged on the basal half of the
joint, while in M. ¢aiwanus they are oval and on the basal one-
third.
Myzocallis bambusicola Takah.
Aphididae of Formosa, part 1, p. 70 (1921).
Host—Dendrocalamus, Bambusa.
Distribution —Formosa.
Key to the Species of Myzocallis on the Bamboo.
(Winged viviparous female.)
1. White, green or yellow, without large tubercles... .2.2222o2--eeeeceeeeeee ee 2
— Purplish black, with very large tubercles... M. bambusicola Takah.
2: VAbdomenswith markings: == ees eet a ee 33
= Albd omen "yy lélio wnte srraaale Keli oe ee Ss
3. Cornicles much shorter than wide, legs black throughout...
M. formosanus Takah.
— Cornicles not much shorter than wide, legs not black throughout............ 4,
4. The 3d antennal joint black on the basal and apical parts...
M. bambusifoliae Takah.
— The 3d antennal joint black throughout... M. arundinariae Essig.
5. The 3d antennal joint black on the distal part, with a black band near
the base: .:3=.1/! seen oe on eee ee ee M. arundicolens Clarke.
— The 3d antennal joint black on the distal part and somewhat dusky on
the basal -part< See teense Se Ta ee ee 6.
6. The 3d antennal joint with sensoria on the basal half_.../ M. sasae Mats.
— The 3d antennal joint with sensoria on the basal one-third
M. taiwanus Takah.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ATTELABUS WITH NOTES
(COLEOPTERA).
By F. H. Cuirrenpen, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
Through the kindness of Mr. D. K. Duncan, the writer has
received a species of 4ttelabus new to science, and the present
opportunity is taken to describe not-only this species but also
another related to rhozs but distinct as shown by the characters
mentioned. Both species are from Arizona, and it should be
added that rhois also occurs in that State. Remarks are made
on some neglected and little understood sexual characters of the
species occurring in America north of Mexico. The two
species in question fall into the genus Himatolabus Jekel which,
for convenience if for no other reason, we may consider a sub-
genus, like Homaeolabus Jek. and Synolabus Jek.
a rem
9Q
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 163
Attelabus (Himatolabus) constrictipennis, new species.
Shining black throughout, glabrous on dorsum, convex, about one-fourth
longer than wide; elytra strongly constricted behind the base. Rostrum as
long as the head, moderately widened at the apex, subcylindrical; surface
distinctly, somewhat sparsely punctate. Eyes circular in outline, somewhat
closely placed together, strongly carinate between, with a corresponding deep
sulcus each side. Head with an impressed line in posterior half; surface feebly
and very sparsely punctulate. Antennal joints 1 to 4 subequal in length;
1 and 2 very thick, subequal in width, 2 arcuate on one side; 3 and 4 very
slender; 7 and 8 subequal in length and width; club a little longer than pre-
ceding four joints, first joint of club only a little wider than long. Prothorax
about as long as wide, a little wider at apex than the head, sides feebly arcuate,
gradually widened to base, which is sinuate; disc moderately constricted at
apex, strongly transversely foveate at base, fovea transversely rugose; surface
uneven, with a circular depression near the middle of the disc on each side,
feebly, finely, and very sparsely punctate, densely in the fovea. Scutellum large,
almost one-third wider than long, nearly impunctate. Elytra about as wide
as long, much wider at base than prothorax, strongly sinuate, humeri slightly
produced, gradually rounded and, with the umbone, elevated, laterally com-
pressed and very prominent, sides nearly straight, apex narrower, subtruncate;
strongly constricted about one-third behind the base, constriction not reaching
the umbone; surface strongly and coarsely striate-punctate at base, very
feebly punctate a little behind the constriction, with the exception of the
sutural and second striae, which are distinctly, finely, and rather closely punc-
tate, third to fifth striae with much finer and remotely placed punctules. Py
gidium feebly and sparsely punctate, punctures bearing short erect gray pile.
Ventral segments feebly and sparsely punctate, punctures forming one or two
rows. Anterior femora long, moderately clavate, mutic; anterior tibiae about
as long as the femora, very slender, moderately arcuate, inner surface finely
serrate, villous, bimucronate at apex.
o’.—Anterior femora about three-fifths as long as the body; tibiae about
four-fifths as long as the femora, very slender and very strongly arcuate, uni-
mucronate at apex.
Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm.; width 2.2 to 3. 5 mm.
Type locality——Sierra Ancha Mts., Ariz., October 1, 1925
(D.- Ke, Dunean):
Type ¢.—Cat. No. 28830, United States National Museum.
This species belongs in Sharp’s group I, C: “Anterior femora
without teeth or spines; eyes but little separated, the space be-
tween them sulcate or carinate; surface without pubescence”
(Xestolabus Jekel), and appears to be nearly related to callosus
Sharp,! as described and figured, agreeing in the prominent
elytral humeri. The latter species, however, evidently lacks
the conspicuous constriction behind them. In one specimen
examined the depression on the right side of the thoracic disc is
1Biol. Centr.-Amer., vol. IV, pt. 3, 1889, p. 7, Tab. I, fig. 6.
164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
rather deeply concave but is lacking on the left side. Compared
with corvinus Gyll., specimens of which are in the U. S. National
collection, the present form is smaller and more distinctly black.
The eyes are more prominent, as are also the elytral humeri, and
the pronotum is much smaller, and both narrower and shorter.
Of this species Mr. Duncan writes that it occurred in abun-
dance in September, 1924, on Workman Creek in the Sierra
Ancha Mountains, Gila County, Ariz., at an elevation of be-
tween 4,000 and 5,000 feet in a somewhat inaccessible box
canyon. The beetles were not found in any other locality
either in that region or elsewhere in Arizona visited that season,
and they were apparently feeding on wild grapevine and a low-
growing bushy vine resembling, Mr. Duncan says, poison ivy,
presumably a plant related to Vi irginia creeper.
Attelabus (Himatolabus) disparipes, new species.
Of similar form to rhois, robust, opaque, rufous, clothed with fine golden
pubescence. Head fully one-third longer than wide. Rostrum as wide as
long, strongly dilated at apex, coarsely, rather deeply and irregularly punctate,
punctures of irregular size. Antennal joint 1 not greatly longer than 2; 3 long
and narrow; 4 and 5 subequal, nearly as long as wide; 6, 7, and 8 subequal in
width; 8 short, nearly twice as wide as long. Prothorax slightly wider than long,
narrowed at apex, sides subparallel in basal half; punctation of surface much
obscured by pubscence, punctures irregular in size, rather deep, and closely
set, no median smooth line or other bare areas; base with a wide transverse
sulcus. Elytra nearly as wide as long, subquadrate, humeri moderately promi-
nent, abruptly rounded; surface coarsely, irregularly punctate, striae feebly
defined. Pygidium feebly and sparsely punctate. Ventral segments more
finely punctate than on pygidium.
o'.—Anterior femora long, strongly dilated, fully one-half as wide as long,
much more strongly dilated and arcuate on posterior surface. Anterior tibiae
fully as long as femora, very slender, strongly arcuate, moderately and acutely
serrate on ihner surface, bearing a single acute mucro.
Q@ .—Anterior femora much shorter, strongly clavate. Anterior tibiae as
long as femora, very stout, outer edge nearly straight, apex strongly bimucro-
nate.
Length 3.8 to 5.2 mm.; width 2.2 to 3.0 mm.
Type locality.—Arizona.
Type o@.—Cat. No. 28824, U. S. National Museum.
This species may be separated from rhois by its brighter red.
color, finer and sparser golden pubescence, the absence of a
smooth median thoracic line, much deeper transverse antebasal
sulcus of the thorax, and feebly defined elytral striae. In the
male the anterior tibiae are somewhat more strongly arcuate
and in the female they are distinctly shorter and thicker than
in rhois. The species is also a little larger and more robust.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926 165
In studying the above mentioned two species in comparison
with other species of 4ttelabus, some observations were made
which may be of interest as bearing on the secondary sexual
characters. Neither Leconte nor Sharp treated of these
characters as of generic or subgeneric value.
Of the sexual struc ture of analis, Leconte wrote (Rhynch. Am.
Nos Miex.,.11876; P- 10) “ #. Ventral segments with two rows of
acute tubercle es,’ “ @. under surface of mouth with two small
acute. teeth projecting downwards.” Primarily, the sexes
may be identified by the larger size of the body, especially of
the abdomen, in the female; second, by the shorter head and
less prominent eyes than in the male; and third, by the straight
tibiae armed at the apex with two strong hooks. In the male of
analis, as also of rhots, the tibiae are longer, slenderer, and dis-
tinctly arcuate and bear at the apex a single hook, on the inner
side. Such being the case, Leconte’s definition of the sexes
should be reversed. In the female of ava/is there are six ab-
dominal tubercles proceeding in pairs from the first three seg-
ments and the teeth projecting backward from the mouth-
parts of the male are smaller, but otherwise similar to these
tubercles.
In the male of nigripes the tibiae are similar to those of
analis but in the female they are moderately arcuate. In that
of dipustulatus the tibiae are comparatively stout and much less
distinctly curved, being less strongly differentiated from the
female. In both of these species the femur is armed with an
acute tooth, in the latter situated a little nearer the apex.
To summarize, in the case of our species of Attelabus: The
tibiae « are armed with only one hook at the apex and they are
slenderer and more or less strongly arcuate, except in nigripes
and bipustulatus, in which the males are distinguished by acutely
toothed femora. In the females the tibiae bear two teeth at the
apex, and they are usually stouter and shorter, and straight
or feebly arcuate.
Since the above observations were written, the writer’s at-
tention has been called to the work of E. Voss (Stett. Ent.
Zeitg., 1925) who has monographed this genus and made use of
the characters which have just been mentioned. Voss adds two
new species to our fauna, Atelabus (Pilolabus) californicus
and 4. (Homoelolabus) coloradensis.
‘
166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 7, OCT., 1926
THE GENUS DIXA IN COLORADO (DIPTERA: DIXIDAE).
By T. D. A. CockERELL.
On September 27, 1926, the Entomology class of the Uni-
versity of Colorado went out on the campus to secure material
on which to begin the year’s work. Sweeping just below the
lake, Mr. Scott Gale was so fortunate as to find a female Divxa,
the genus being new to this part of the country. Apparently
the species is undescribed, and it may be made known as
follows:
Dixa universitatis, new species.
Length about 4 mm.; head black, shining; palpi black; proboscis yellow;
antennae dark; thorax pale straw yellow, dorsally with a very broad median
black band on anterior two-thirds or rather less, abruptly truncate posteriorly;
lateral bands broad and black on posterior half of thorax, but on anterior half
reduced to a cloud, evanescent anteriorly; wings clear; halteres yellow; abdomen
dusky yellow; legs dark greyish, pallid at base; femora black at extreme tip;
hind tibiae enlarged and black at end. End of Sc a little before fork of R;
fork of Re-R3; about one-fourth longer than the strongly arched stem; R-M
cross-vein just before stem of R2—R; and just beyond M-—Cu cross-vein; fork
of M about as long as its stem; anal arched at end.
A species of Dixa s. str. of Dyar and Shannon, and in Johann-
sen’s (1923) key runs to D. clavata Lw., differing by the un-
clouded wing-veins, light proboscis and scutellum. Overlook-
ing the tibial character, it might run to “D. ca/vula Williston,”
from St. Vincent, but the R—M cross-vein is so slightly before
the stem of Ri; that it partly intersects it. On looking up
Williston’s account we find that the species is really Dixa
clavulus (clavulus, a little nail, not an adjective), and has the
cross-vein much more basad, and the stem of R445 much shorter
and less arched. Run on in the key, the species goes to D.
venosa Lw., but differs at once in color of scutellum and hal-
teres. It is quite different from the various Dyar and Shannon
species. In Johannsen’s earlier (1903) table it runs to D, terna
Lw., but the venation is quite different.
Type-—Cat. No. 29540, U. S. N. M.
Actual date of publication, October 12, 1926.
EDITORIAL.
When an old, experienced entomologist dies, the world often
loses a great store of very useful knowledge simply because
he has not put it on record. He may have published many
large monographs or other papers, but he must have made
many interesting observations never recorded which would
have helped to fill chinks in our biological or ecological knowl-
edge or which would have attracted the attention of other
observers, perhaps in other countries, and have induced them
to try to make parallel observations on the same or related
forms.
The dislike to “rush into print” is pronounced with many
able men and many close observers. Many make careful
notes which never reach the display of type and are lost to the
world.
Progress towards a complete understanding of the so-called
‘works of nature” is made perhaps no more by the publica-
tion of great monographs than by a recording in print from time
to time of isolated observations which will incite the publication
of parallel or confirmatory observations elsewhere and which
will subsequently be worked into a logical and understandable
whole.
My belief in the importance of prompt publication of short
notes is growing stronger. It has happened several times in
the last dozen years that such publication of an isolated observa-
tion has brought forth others from different parts of the world
with the result that, when correlated, we have found ourselves
in possession of important biological data and in position to
use them in generalizations.
A short note is read at once; a long paper is laid aside for
future study and all too often is never digested.
—I. O. Howard.
‘
VOL. 28 NOVEMBER, 1926 No. 8
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
CONTENTS
BUCHANAN, L. L.—A NEW OTIORHYNCHID WITH SINGLE TARSAL CLAW
((GOIEE O PAE TRAN) ars oer perme pear artical tty J, reas en ey ts a peace Feil
FOUTS, ROBERT M.—NOTES ON SERPHOIDEA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW
SIDE GUE Si (EIV.NIE Ni OP/DE RIAy himieeteans eared Ura Samer ge ae ERT
MCATEE, W. L.—NOMINA CONSERVANDA FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE
ARASONO MESUY A ys tacilic Meta Seen seta eels pret Ogush incisal tice he dle isteaeerek ¢ 5 mean
ROHWER, S. A.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BRACONID PARASITE OF ARTONA
CATOXANTHA (HYMENOPTERA). ....... See) Reh ce te Wes toh
SCHAEFFER, CHAS.—NEW SPECIES OF BOLOSCHESIS eae WITH
NOTES ON KNOWN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; FUL-
CHD AGCIINATE) coe doaca- Sect he hss RG Gent s- poe ea eR ene eles hel
PusiisHED MontHiy Excepr Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER” ;
BY THE nae : DEC 29
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON -e Naty eee
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Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
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VOL. 28 NOVEMBER 1926 No. 8
NOTES ON SERPHOIDEA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW
SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA).
By Roserr M. Fours, Washington, D. C.
This paper contains descriptions of fourteen new species
belonging to the families Bethylidae, Calliceratidae, Diapriidae,
and Scelionidae. All the species except one are from North
America.
Family BETHYLIDAE.
Goniozus euliae, new species.
Female.—Length, 2.00 mm. Head a little longer than wide, slightly wider
than the thorax; frons finely reticulate with small scattered punctures; carina
on clypeus extending to lower third of eye; head above eye about two-thirds as
long as eye; scape shorter than the three following joints united, less than three
times as long as wide; third joint shorter and narrower than the second, one and
one-half times as long as wide, as long as four; all flagellar joints somewhat
longer than wide; thorax twice as long as wide; notauli absent; propodeum mar-
gined only laterally, without a median longitudinal carina, more or less elevated
and polished down the median line; pronotum and mesonotum finely reticulate
with scattered punctures; pronotum longer than the mesonotum, rounded an-
teriorly; wings hyaline, with short marginal cilia; branch of basal nervure nearly
straight, about as long as the prostigma; abdomen somewhat less than one and
one-third times as long as wide. Black; scape yellow, darker above; antennal
joints two to seven yellow; terminal joints brown; legs black to very dark brown;
anterior tibiae yellowish-brown; middle and posterior tibiae yellowish at ex-
treme apices; tarsi yellow.
Male.—Length, 1.80 mm. Scape shorter than the two following joints united,
about twice as long as wide; second and third joints subequal, about one and
one-half times as long as wide; following five joints a little wider, nearly as wide
as long; terminal joints somewhat narrower, longer than wide; abdomen a little
more than twice as long as wide; pedicel yellow, darker above; antennal joints
two to seven yellow; following joints light brown.
Type locality —Winchester, Virginia.
Type.—Cat. No. 28770, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Host.—Larvae of Eulia velutinana, Walker.
Description based on three females and one male reared by
Mr. W. S. Hough. Two specimens were reared on August 1,
1925. The other two are labelled “August, 1925.”
168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
Family CALLICERATIDAE.
Conostigmus ater, new species.
Female —Length, 2.30 mm. Head one and three-fourths times as wide as
long, one and one-eighth times as wide as the thorax; frons very finely and deli-
ately reticulate, sparsely covered with small punctures; cheeks and vertex
sculptured like the frons but without punctures; vertex bordered behind by a
high and sharp carina; from this carina to the anterior ocellus extends a moder-
ately deep crenulate furrow; head arcuately excavated posteriorly; scape about
as long as the following four joints united; joint two twice as long as wide, as
long as four, two-thirds as long as three; joint three a little wider at apex than
two, somewhat narrower than four; joints four to eleven about seven-tenths as
wide as long, cylindrical; joint eleven obconical, acute at apex, as long as three,
about twice as long as wide; thorax one and one-third times as long as wide,
about five-sixths as wide as the abdomen; upper surface of the thorax finely
scaly reticulate, sparsely covered with small punctures; propleura wrinkled
anteriorly, reticulate above and behind; abdomen one and two-thirds times as
long as wide; second tergite as wide as long, strongly longitudinally striate on
anterior one-third; wings whitish, pubescent, shortly ciliate on distal margin.
Black; antennae piceous; legs pale brown, the coxae, all femora outwardly, and
the posterior tibiae outwardly, darker; venation dark brown.
Type locality.—Milpitas, California.
Type.—Cat. No. 28771, U. S. Nat. Mus.; Paratype in Coll.
Fouts.
Host.—Syrphid puparium.
Three females reared May 13, 1925, by Mr. R. F. Campbell.
This species differs from nevadensis in having the third an-
tennal joint longer than the second.
Family DIAPRIIDAE.
Spilomicrus virginicus, new species.
(Fig. 1).
Female—Length, 3.02 mm. Closely related to keifferi Fouts but differs as
follows: Head seen from the side distinctly higher than long, the angle formed
at the antennal prominence obtuse; third antennal joint nearly three times as
long as wide; fourth joint twice as long as wide, a little longer than the fifth,
two-thirds the length of the third; second tergite one and one-third times as
long as wide; pubescence on first abdominal segment long and dense; color as
in kiefferi.
Type locality.—¥alls Church, Virginia.
Type and paratype—Cat. No. 28772, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Paratype in Collection of Fouts.
Host.—Puparium of Xylota bicolor Loew on Liriodendron
tulipifera Linn.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 169
Aparamesius nigriclavis, new species.
Female.—Length, 2.10 mm. Head as wide as long, a little narrower than the
thorax; antennal prominence forming the apex of an angle of about 90 degrees;
scape six times as long as wide; pedicel twice as long as wide,. as long as joint
three, as wide as six; joint three two and one-half times as long as wide, as wide
as four or five; joints four to thirteen subequal in length, becoming gradually
wider toward apex; terminal six joints forming a club which is not sharply
differentiated, joint eight being but very little wider than seven; club joints, ex-
cept the last, about as wide as long; joint thirteen twice as long as wide, as long as
A B
Fig. 1. A Head of Spilomicrus kiefferi Fouts (Lateral view).
B. Head of Spilomicrus virginicus Fouts (Lateral view).
eleven and twelve united, as wide as twelve, acute at apex; thorax approximately
one and three-fifths times as long as wide, narrower than the abdomen; mesopleu-
ron separated from the mesosternum by two parallel carinae; basal prominence
on propodeum short, subacute; basal vein absent; first tergite one and three-
fifths times as long as wide, smooth, with several longitudinal ridges; second
tergite one and one-half times as long as wide, with a very small median inden-
tation at base; segments three to six united one-fourth as long as the second;
fifth tergite a little longer than the sixth, longer than the third and fourth united.
Black; scape rufous; antennal joints two to nine rufous, fuscous at their extreme
apices; legs rufous, the femora darker above; wings with a brownish tinge.
Type locality—McLean Bogs, New York.
Paratype locality —Toronto, Canada.
Paratype im ColliU. SiNat: Mus. Cat) No223773:
The type was collected by Mr. M. D. Leonard at McLean
Bogs on May 16, 1925. Mr. Herbert S. Parish collected the
paratype on May 10, 1921.
Doliopria americana, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.02 mm. Head as wide as long, as wide as the thorax;
scape as long as the following six antennal joints united; joint two as wide as
seven, less than twice as long as wide; joint three shorter and narrower than two,
a little longer than wide, as long as eight; joint four as wide as long, as wide as
170 ==PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
three; joints five, six, and seven somewhat wider than long, widening slightly in
the order named; eight transverse, button-shaped, wider than seven, narrower
than nine; nine as wide as the scape, transverse, narrower than ten; ten about
as wide as long, twice as long as nine; eleven as long as nine and ten united,
indistinctly wider than ten, conical, blunt at apex; all antennal joints covered
with short white hairs; thorax one and one-half times as long as wide, slightly
narrower than the abdomen; thorax truncate anteriorly, the angles of the
pronotum more or less prominent; notauli absent; mesonotum and scutellum
flattened, the latter with a broad, shallow, immargined fovea at base; propo-
deum with a rounded polished elevation medially; first segment of the abdomen
cylindrical, about as wide as long, covered with long white hair; second tergite
a little more than one and three-eighths times as long as wide, pubescent at ex-
treme base on the sides, with a very short median carina basally, and with a
shallow immargined fovea on either side partially covered with short white
hairs; abdomen truncate at apex, the terminal segments very short, together
about as long as the first tergite. Black; scape rufous; pedicel brown; antennal
joints three to eight reddish-brown; metapleurum and propodeum laterally
rufous; legs yellow, wings hyaline.
Type locality—Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania.
Paratype locality—Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Paratype-—Cat. No. 28774, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Type.—In Coll. Fouts.
Described from two specimens collected by the author. The
type was swept from wheat on July 16, 1920. The paratype
was swept from lawn grass on July 15, 1918.
Galesus punctiger, new species.
Female.—Length, 2.60 mm. Head distinctly longer than wide; body en-
tirely polished and shining; frons just above the base of the eye with a fairly
large triangular projection; upper part of head behind eyes nearly as long as
eyes; dorsal surface of head behind the ocelli with four moderately large pits
arranged in a quadrangle, the area thus enclosed wider than long; on each side
of this quandrangle is another large puncture; vertex along the posterior carina
with several punctures; cheeks with a few smaller punctures; second antennal
joint about as long as three, a little wider; three slightly longer and wider than
four, a little less than twice as long as wide; joints four to twelve subequal in
length; joints four to seven increasing gradually in width, the seventh as wide
as the eighth; following joints to the twelfth transverse; twelve obconical, a
little longer than two, rather blunt at apex; thorax one and one-half times as
long as wide, one and one-ninth times as wide as the head; pronotum with a
row of punctures across its posterior margin; pronotum pubescent, the hairs
long, white; notauli complete, converging but not meeting posteriorly; median
lobe of mesonotum near apex with two adjacent setigerous punctures; scutellum
sub-convex, with two large, more or less circular, foveae at base and with a
broad groove on each side; at the apex of the scutellum are two small pits; first
abdominal segment 1 35 times as long as wide, cylindrical, with three longitudi-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 171
nal ridges above; second tergite 1.72 times as long as wide, wider than the thorax,
with a median sulcus extending nearly to its middle and with an inconspicuous
basal impression on either side at base; segments following the second extremely
short, not visible from above; anterior wing veinless, pubescent, ciliate, with
a more or less distinct fold, with its distal margin cleft, the incision long; body
black; flagellum piceous, the short white hairs causing it to appear grayish; legs
reddish-brown, the tarsi yellow, coxae black.
Male.—Length, 2.80 mm. Head distinctly wider than long, sculptured as in
the female but the pits on its upper surface larger and deeper; second antennal
joint shorter and narrower than the third, scarcely longer than wide; joints
three to fourteen subequal in width; three a trifle longer than four, a little less
than twice as long as wide, widest in the middle; joints four to fourteen sub-
equal in length, very little longer than wide; fourteen obconical, as long as
three, acute at apex; flagellar joints pubescent, the length of the hairs on any seg-
ment about one-third its width; thorax a little less than one and one-half times
as long as wide, one and one-seventh times as wide as the head, four-fifths as
long as the second tergite; first tergite one and one-half times as long as wide,
one-fifth as long as the second; second tergite about three-fifths as wide as long,
one and one-fourth times as wide as the head; wings as in the female but the
distal margin not cleft. The parts not described above are as in the female.
Type locality —Uvalde, Texas.
Type.—Cat. No. 28775, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Host.—? Drosophila sp.
One female and four males reared, August, 1925, by Mr.
Alan P. Dodd.
This is the first indication known to me that the emargina-
tion of the wings may be a secondary sexual character. Kieffer
in his monograph of the Diapriidae (Das Tierreich, Lief. 44,
1916, pp. 200-235) cites no instance in which the sexes differ
in wing structure.
The female of punctiger runs to politus in Kieffer’s key
(ibid., p. 204) and differs in the shape of the head and in the
structure of the antennae. The male runs in the same key to
clarimontis Kieffer and differs in the structure of the antennae.
Trichopria (Planopria) cubensis, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.26 mm. Runs to melanopleura Ashmead in Kieffer’s key
(das Tierreich, Lief. 44, 1916, p. 108). The first segment of the abdomen in
cubensis is about one and one-half times as long as wide. Head as long as wide,
narrower than the thorax; antennae a little longer than the entire body; scape cyl-
indrical, five times as long as wide, as long as joints three and four united; pedicel
oval, a little longer than wide, three-fourths the length of the third joint; third
joint two and one-half times as long as wide, a little shorter and narrower than
the fourth; fourth joint as wide as the scape, somewhat over twice as long as
wide, shallowly emarginate on basal two-thirds; joints five to fourteen subequal,
172 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
narrowed proximally, about twice as long as wide; last joint as long as the fourth,
about three times as long as wide, acute apically; flagellar joints with whorls of
long hairs, the hairs about as long as the joints; thorax about one and four-fifths
times as long as wide, narrower than the abdomen; mesonotum subconvex,
without a trace of notauli; scutellum with a shallow circular fovea at base, the
depression more than half as wide as the scutellum; scutellum subconvex,
about as wide as long, truncate posteriorly, without a trace of a ridge or carina
posteriorly; propodeum with three longitudinal carinae, the middle one not
elevated at base, larger than the others; propodeum thickly covered with rather
short white hairs laterally; medially, between the smaller carinae, it is bare and
shining; abdomen one and two-fifths times as long as the thorax; petiole dorsally
densely covered with moderately long white hairs; second tergite one and one-
fourth times as long as wide; wings hyaline, long, extending two-thirds the length
of the abdomen past the latter’s apex; scape and pedicel yellow; flagellum brown;
head black; thorax and petiole yellow, tinged with reddish; abdomen black,
yellowish basally on the sides; legs bright straw-colored.
Female.—Length, 1.49 mm. Runs to me/lea Ashm. in Kieffer’s key (ibid.
p. 82) and differs in having the antennal club black. Head a little longer than
wide, indistinctly narrower than the thorax; scape four times as long as wide,
as long as the following four joints united; pedicel a little narrower than the
scape, not much longer than wide, as long as the third joint; third joint twice as
long as wide, narrower than the second, a little narrower but distinctly longer
than the fourth; joints four to eight subequal, about three-fourths as wide as
long; joint eight as wide as long, as wide as seven, considerably narrower than
nine; joint nine as long as ten, a little longer than wide; joints ten and eleven
equal, as wide as long, twice as wide as eight, as wide as twelve at base; last
joint about three-fifths.as wide as long, blunt at apex; pubescence on joints three
to nine longer than the joints are wide; thorax about one and four-fifths times as
long as wide, five sevenths as wide as the abdomen; abdomen one and two-thirds
times as long as the thorax, about twice as long as wide; petiole about as wide
as long; second tergite one and three-sevenths times as long as wide; wings hya-
line, extending one-third the length of the abdomen past the latter’s apex; scape
and funicular joints light brown; club joints black; head reddish brown, rufous
behind the ocelli; thorax brownish yellow; mesonotum and scutellum bright
yellow; abdomen dark brown; second tergite basally on the sides and tergites
five and six entirely brownish-yellow.
‘
Type locality —Colon, Cuba.
Type, allotype and three paratypes in Coll. U. S. N. M., Cat.
No. 28776.
Host.—Lixophaga diatreae Towns. (puparia).
Described from four males and three females collected in
1920 by Mr. T. E. Holloway.
Trichopria (Trichopria) popenoei Ashmead.
Trichopria popenoei Ashmead, Bull. 45, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 435.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 173
Trichopria (Trichopria) popenoei Ashmead, Kieffer, Das Tierreich, Lief. 44,
1916, p. 95.
Female.—Length, 1.50 mm. Head a little wider than long, narrower than the
thorax; antennae distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, gradually
thickened toward tip, without a distinct club; pedicel about as long as the third
joint, a little wider than the third; following five joints subequal in length, be-
coming gradually thicker distally; ninth joint spherical; joints ten and eleven
slightly wider than long, the latter a trifle wider and longer than the former;
twelfth joint nearly as long as the two preceding united, not quite twice as long
as wide, not very sharp at apex; thorax one and one-half times as long as wide,
narrower than the abdomen; scutellum quadrate, with a short indistinct median
ridge posteriorly; propodeum with a high median longitudinal ridge; this ridge
curving abruptly downward at the middle of the propodeum; second tergite
one and three-eighths times as long as wide; sides of abdomen slightly curved,
more strongly so anteriorly.
Type locality —Riley County, Kansas.
Type.—Cat. No. 24478, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Description based on the type. The male described by Ash-
mead is a different species.
Trichopria (Trichopria) illinoiensis Girault.
Trichopria popenoei illinoiensis Girault, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 58, 1920,
p. 178.
Female.—Length, 1.77 mm. Head a little wider than long, slightly wider than
the thorax; antennae with a distinct four-jointed club, joint eight being much nar-
rower than nine; pedicel a little longer and thicker than the third joints; joints
four to eight subequal in length, the eighth a little thicker; joints nine to twelve
equally wide, twice as wide as eight; joints nine and ten subequal, slightly
wider than long; eleven quadrate; joint twelve longer than eleven but distinctly
shorter than ten and eleven united, conical, sharply pointed apically, a little
less than twice as long as wide; antennae somewhat longer than the head and
thorax united; thorax one and six-sevenths times as long as wide, three-fourths
as wide as the abdomen; fovea of scutellum as in popenoet; scutellum quadrate
as in popenoei but with posterior elevation scarcely noticeable; propodeum not
so elevated as in popenoei, the median ridge seen laterally not much curved;
abdomen about one and one-sixth times as long as the thorax; sides of abdomen
more curved than in popenoet; anteriorly the abdomen 1s strongly narrowed;
second tergite one and one-fourth times as long as wide.
The paratype seems to belong to a different species. The abdomen is one
and one-sixth times as long as the thorax, and the second tergite is nearly one
and one-half times as long as wide. The paratype is, moreover, somewhat
larger, being 2.02 mm. long.
Type locality—Urbana, Illinois.
174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
Type.—Cat. No. 20842, U. S. Nat. Mus.
Description based on the type and paratype.
Trichopria (Trichopria) abdominalis, new species.
Female —Length, 1.48 mm. Differs from the type of i//inoiensis in having
the second tergite one and two-thirds times as long as wide. Head very little
wider than long, a trifle narrower than the thorax; antennae essentially as in
illinoiensis, with a four-jointed club; eighth joint spherical, distinctly more than
half as wide and very little shorter than the ninth; last four joints as in i//-
noiensis; thorax one and two-thirds times as long as wide, wider than high;
fovea at base of scutellum as in popenoei; scutellum as in i//inoiensis, without a
median posterior elevation; the propodeum is different from that found in
either of the two species just mentioned; the median ridge is not present behind
the anterior one-fourth, this latter part forming a square plateau as high as the
posterior edge of the scutellum; abdomen one and three-tenths times as long as
the thorax, one and one-sixth times as wide as the thorax; sides of the second
tergite straight and nearly parallel, curving inwardly anteriorly. Body shining
black; funicle reddish-brown; femora and tibiae brown; tarsi lighter.
One paratype has the head as long as wide.
Type Jlocality—Riverton, New Jersey.
Type.—Cat. No. 28777, U. S. Nat. Mus. Two paratypes in
Coll. Fouts.
Host.——Dipterous puparium.
Description based on four females reared, August 1, 1922,
by Mr. T. H. Frison.
Belyta longicollis, new species.
Female—Length, 4.00 mm. Body elongate; head seen from above two-
thirds as wide as long, seen from the side five-sixths as high as long; pedicel as
long as the third joint, as wide as the latter at apex; following joints monili-
form; last joint conical, as long as the pedicel; thorax about twice as long as wide,
one and two-fifths times as wide as the head, slightly wider than the second
tergite; pronotum narrowed necklike anteriorly, bulging out in front of the
tegulae; median carina on propodeum diverging at apical one-third; apical
angles of propodeum distinctly projecting but not prominently so; first abdomi-
nal segment a little over twice as long as wide, more or less rugose, with two
slightly diverging carinae down the middle, the area between these carinae _
smooth, with a few transverse wrinkles; second tergite a little over twice as long
as wide; median sulcus on second tergite extending distally one-third the
length of the segment; second tergite basally with two short depressions on
either side of the larger one; legs and antennae rufous, the antennae darker
distally; wings brown; radial cell closed, about six times as long as the punctiform
marginal vein.
Type locality—Mount Holly Springs, Pennsylvania.
One specimen collected by the author on July 7, 1918.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 175
Fig. 2. Belyta longicollis Fouts. Female
Family SCELIONIDAE.
Platygaster exiguae, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.30 mm. Runs to marylandica Fouts in the author’s key
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, 1924, p. 28) and differs in the structure of the
scutellum. In marylandica the scutellum is polished and evenly convex above.
In exiguae, on the contrary, its dorsal surface is roughened and covered closely
with short white hairs. These hairs are so fine and small as to be scarcely
visible. In this species, moreover, the superior face of the scutellum encroaches
upon the posterior face producing a sort of low crest or ridge. Head twice as
wide as long, a little wider than the thorax; all antennal joints, except the third,
longer than wide; pedicel as long as the ninth joint, twice as long as wide; joint
ten twice as long as wide, longer than nine, blunt at apex; thorax a little more
than one and one-third times as long as wide, higher than wide, slightly narrower
than the abdomen; second tergite indistinctly longer than wide; striae on second
tergite numerous, extending a little past the middle of the segment; body and
appendages entirely black.
Type locality —Oxford, Colorado.
Paratype.—Cat. No. 28778; U.S. N. M:
Type.—In Coll. Fouts.
Described from two specimens reared, June 13, 1921, from a
gall of Rhabdophaga coloradensis Felt on Salix exigua. These
specimens were sent to me for identification by Dr. E. P. Felt
and are recorded under his number A-3198.
176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
Platygaster distincta, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.62mm. Runs direct to /upinicola in the author’s key
(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 63, 1924, p. 29) and differs principally in having
the flagellar joints more elongate. Head twice as wide as long, a little wider
than the thorax, slightly excavated behind; pedicel twice as long as wide, one
and one-third times as long as the third joint and distinctly wider than the
third; joint three one and one-half times as long as wide, half as long as four; joint
four slightly longer than two, as long as five, narrowed at both ends, angulate
just before the middle where it is widest, half as wide as long; joint four not emar-
ginate proximally, joints five-ten subequal, cylindrical, nearly three times
as long as wide; ten about as long as three and four united, three times as long
as wide, acute at apex; flagellum densely covered with erect white hairs, these
hairs longer than the joints are wide; thorax two-thirds as wide as long, eight-
ninths as wide as high, six-sevenths as long as the abdomen, strongly convex
dorsally; notauli indicated posteriorly, the median lobe of the mesonotum touch-
ing the scutellum, narrowly truncate at apex; scutellum highly convex, polished,
sparsely pubescent; wings hyaline, pubescent, extending half the length of the
abdomen past the latter’s apex; abdomen about as wide as the thorax, a little
less than twice as long as wide; second tergite a trifle longer than wide; basal
foveae on second tergite striate, the striae not quite attaining the middle of the
segment; each of the tergites following the second with a transverse row of
setigerous punctures; tergites three to seven together more than half as long as
the second; black; anterior tibiae at base and apex yellowish-brown; tarsi dark
brown.
Type locality—San Francisco, Calif.
Type-—Cat. No: 28872; Use Nat: Mus:
Three paratypes in Collection Fouts.
Description based on six specimens collected by Mr. E.
Walther and recorded as being probably parasitic on Thecocdi-
plosis.
Platygaster flavitarsis, new species.
Female-—Length, 1.19mm. Runs direct to marylandica Fouts in the author’s
key (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 63, 1924, p. 28). It differs in having the
median lobe of the mesonotum truncate and half as wide at the apex as the
scutellum. Head twice as wide as long, wider than the thorax, not emarginate
posteriorly; frons finely diagonally aciculate; pedicel twice as long as wide,
nearly as long as the following two joints united; third joint half as long as the
pedicel, longer than wide, a little narrower than four; joint four as long as six,
as wide as five, slightly less than twice as long as wide; joint six as long as seven,
as wide at apex as seven, narrowed proximally; joints seven, eight, and nine
subequal, distinctly, but only slightly, longer than wide; joint ten as long as two,
a little longer than nine, one and one-half times as long as wide, subacute at
apex; pubescence on antennal joints very short; thorax one and one-third times
as long as wide; notauli distinct on posterior half of mesonotum, nearly parallel;
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 177
median lobe of mesonotum truncate posteriorly, touching the scutellum; scutel-
lum transverse, highly convex, polished, higher than the mesonotum at base,
with numerous long white hairs laterally; first tergite evenly rounded above, the
median area not defined; striae on second tergite extending to the middle of the
segment; second tergite one and one-ninth times as long as wide, narrower than
the thorax; tergites three, four and five equally long, a little shorter than the
sixth, without distinct sculpture; last four tergites together two-thirds the length
of the second; first joint of middle tarsi about seven times as long as wide;
wings extending the length of the last three segments past the apex of the abdo-
men; black; legs dark brown; anterior femora at extreme apex, anterior tibiae
on apical half, and anterior tarsi, yellowish; middle and posterior tarsi light
brown; wings hyaline.
Type locality —Glen Echo, Maryland.
Two paratypes in Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus., Cat. No. 28779.
Described from six specimens collected by the author, May,
1925, on the leaves of Elder.
Leptacis polita, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.19 mm. Head one and one-half times as wide as long,
one and one-sixth times as wide as the thorax; frons shining, faintly shagreened;
lateral ocelli less than their diameter from the eye margin, a little more than
their diameter from the anterior ocellus; cheeks subconvex; occiput flattened,
separated from the vertex by a low but sharp carina; seen from above the head
is as long behind this carina as the distance from the carina anteriorly to the
lateral ocelli; scape about as long as the last four antennal joints, rather slender,
a little over five times as long as wide, widest in the middle; pedicel about twice
as long as wide, three times as wide as the third joint, one and two-fifths times as
long as the third joint; fourth joint twice as long as the third, about five times as
long as wide, as wide at base as the third, slightly thickened toward apex; fifth
and sixth joints subequal, a little longer than wide, distinctly wider than the
fourth; seventh joint as long as the fourth, slightly wider than the pedicel, two
and one-third times as long as wide, one and two-fifths times as long as the
eighth; eighth and ninth joints subequal, distinctly wider than the seventh, a
little longer than wide; last joint as long and as wide as the seventh, conical,
acute at apex; pubescence on flagellar joints short and inconspicuous; thorax
twice as long as wide, as wide as the abdomen, one and one-fourth times as high
as wide; pronotum with two sharp vertical carinae enclosing an anterior triangu-
lar space, this area delicately shagreened; mesonotum shagreened, convex,
without a trace of notauli; apical margin of mesonotum entire, the median
lobe not distinguishable; scutellum highly elevated, hump-like anteriorly,
compressed, shagreened, prolonged into a long sharp spine posteriorly, the
spine extending as far backward as the apex of the first abdominal segment;
abdomen scarcely longer than the thorax; first tergite two-thirds the length of
the second, with the pubescence very sparse and short; second tergite one and
one-fourth times as long as wide, strongly convex, without pubescence basally;
at the base of the second tergite are two small indentations homologous to the
178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
foveae in Platygaster and allied genera; wings subhyaline, rather narrow, the
anterior pair without marginal cilia, extending half the length of the abdomen
past the latter’s apex; pubescence on front wings sparse, arranged in rows; tibiae
strongly clavate; upper half of head dark brown, lower half yellowish-brown;
scape and legs, except the swollen parts of the femora and tibiae which are
darker, yellowish-brown; flagellum and club black; pronotum, pleurae, propo-
deum, and first abdominal segment rufous; thorax and abdomen, except as
indicated, black.
Type locality—Hamburg Farm in Santa Clara Province,
Costa Rica.
Type.—Cat. No. 28780, U. S. Nat. Mus.
One specimen collected, May 28, 1925, by Mr. F. Never-
mann.
Anteris reticulata, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.73 mm. Head, except as noted below, dorsal surface of
thorax, and the last four abdominal tergites, finely shagreened; head as wide as
the thorax, 1.69 times as wide as long, emarginate posteriorly; head below com-
pound eyes strongly carinate, the carinae converging at the mandibles; lateral
ocelli touching the eye margin; scape 2.38 times as long as the pedicel, a little
wider than the pedicel; pedicel twice as long as wide, nearly as long as the three
following joints together; third joint a little longer than wide, narrower than the
pedicel; joints three to seven equally wide; joints four to seven equally long;
last six joints forming a closely articulate club, all the joints except the last of
which are transverse; joints 9-12 about twice as wide as long; twelfth joint
conical, as long as wide, a little longer than the eighth; thorax 1.11 times as
long as wide, indistinctly narrower than the abdomen, broadly rounded an-
teriorly, narrowed posteriorly, widest across the tegulae; notauli distinct on
posterior two-thirds of the mesonotum; scutellum subconvex, unarmed, sep-
arated from the mesonotum by a row of deep punctures; scutellum traversed by
a row of smaller punctures near the apex, the narrower band posterior to this
row polished; metanotum armed with a short erect spine; propodeum unarmed;
abdomen 1.80 times as long as wide, 1.65 times as long as the thorax, broadly
elliptical, more or less pointed at apex; first tergite three times as wide (at apex)
as long, traversed by about a dozen longitudinal carinae, second tergite twice as
long as the first, 2.63 times as wide (at apex) as long, carinate like the first but
the carinae not present on the posterior third of the segment; third tergite 1.95
times as long as the second, 1.69 times as wide as long, as wide at base as at
apex, the sides nearly straight; fourth tergite one-fourth the length of the
third, 1.57 times as long as the fifth, 1.83 times as long as the sixth; wings pubes-
cent and ciliate; marginal vein short, thickened, not as long as the radius; radius
straight, without a knob at tip; basal vein and metacarpa wanting; shining
black; antennae dark brown, the scape at base yellowish; legs light brown;
wings hyaline.
Male.—Length, 1.62 mm. Except in the following particulars this sex agrees
with the description given above; scape about as long as the following 5 antennal
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 179
joints united, scarcely as wide as the eighth joint; pedicel very little longer than
wide, as long as three but somewhat wider than third, as wide as five; four and
five as long as wide, narrower than six; six to ten subequal in width, broadly
transverse; ten indistinctly narrower than nine, wider than long, a trifle wider
than eleven; eleventh a little wider than long, wider than twelve; twelve twice
as long as wide, twice as long as eleven, conical, subacute at apex; second ter-
gite 2.47 times as wide (at apex) as long; third tergite 1.86 times as long as the
second, 1.54 times as wide as long; fourth tergite more than one-third the length
of the third, twice as long as the fifth; fifth tergite as long as the sixth and seventh
together; antennae and legs light brown.
Type locality —Washington, D. C.
Two specimens collected in grass by the author on July 14,
1917. They were copulating when collected.
This is the only species of Anteris known to inhabit North
America. It agrees with Kieffer’s description of the genus.
(Gen. Ins., Fasc. 80B, 1910, p. 80.)
A NEW OTIORHYNCHID WITH SINGLE TARSAL CLAWS (COL-
EOPTERA.)
By L. L. Bucnanan, U. 8S. Biological Survey.
Single tarsal claws are found among the Curculionidae of this
region in the genera Brachybamus, Barilepton, Eisonyx, and
Mononychus, but are not known to occur in any North Ameri-
can Otiorhynchid with the exception of the remarkable species
described below. This unique weevil belongs to the Simoini
of the Leng catalog (Periteli of Horn), and by Horn’s classifi-
cation (1876, p. 66), falls in the group having the articular sur-
face of the hind tibiae scaly, along with Eucyllus, Thinoxenus,
etc.
EUCILINUS, new genus.
Body small and stout; vestiture consisting of scales, setae, and hairs; pro-
thorax very broad; articular surface of all the tibiae scaly; claws single; mentum
small and deeply sunk in its cavity; mandibular scar on face of mandible itself;
gular region with a pair of short, deep grooves convergent forward.
Sides of beak strongly convergent from eyes forward; alae not dilated. Scrobes
in apical half somewhat more broadly visible from above than from the side,
moderately arcuate and directed toward eyes. Scape biarcuate, reaching
slightly past anterior margin of prothorax, the funicle a little shorter. Eyes
rounded, partially grooved, and laterally placed though not at all concealed
from above. Elytra broad, with rows of punctures, the 10th or outer row uni-
formly distinct to apex, sides deeply embracing abdomen. Scutellum minute.
Mid-coxae narrowly separated, side pieces of mesosternum unequal, metepi-
sternal suture not visible. Rear coxae separated by their own width, inter-
180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
coxal process broad and subtruncate. Metasternum nearly as long as 2d ven-
tral segment at middle. First abdominal suture arcuate at middle, Ist segment
a little shorter than 2d + 3d, 2d at middle about as long as 3d + 4th, 5th
slightly shorter than 2d. Legs moderately stout, the tibiae flattened, strongly
dilated at outer apical angle, and with the apical spinules broad and blunt; an-
terior and middle tibiae mucronate; tarsi rather narrow, 3d segment bilobed.
Genotype.—Eucilinus mononychus, new species.
Ze
oo
z
2 0000 SC
SAA LoASS
xe
2:
code
aS fore tibia
Fore
4 aN tarsus
So
Fig. 1, Eucilinus mononychus, dorsal view; fig. 2, side view of head and prothorax;
fig. 3, fore tibia; fig. 4, fore tarsus, and claw segment from side.
—— — — — —- Sem. — — = - OF
[ieee
Eucilinus mononychus, new species.
Length, 3.5-3.8 mm. (thorax and elytra). Uniform pale grey to white.
Body and appendages setose and densely scaly. Chitin of an obscure reddish
color. Beak feebly concave along middle, continuous with head in profile;
setae closer laterally. Nasal plate with high rim, lunate, twice as broad as
long. Eyes rather small, rounded, moderately convex. Prothorax transversely
oval (60 to 31), its side margins with long, soft, laterally projecting hairs, some
of which are at least 14 length of scape. Elytra suboval (21 long to 17 broad),
with rows of small punctures which are slightly larger on sides and on declivity,
but in general separated by from once to twice their own diameter; intervals
setose; lateral margins of elytra with long hair as on prothorax. The single
tarsal claw moderately long and arcuate.
Head and beak much longer than prothorax (50 to 31). Width of head
across eyes 14 greater than length of prothorax (40 to 31). First funicular seg-
ment stouter and longer than 2d + 3d, 2d longer than 3d, 3d to 7th from mod-
erately to strongly transverse. Diameter of eye nearly equal to that of pos-
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 181
terior portion of scrobe; margin of eye grooved except for posterior-ventral arc.
Vertex convex, evenly, sparsely punctate and setose. Prothorax with setae and
punctuation as on vertex, convex transversely and longitudinally, sides very
strongly divergent, apex broadly emarginate, base truncate, scales dense and a
little larger and more distinctly striate than on beak. Margin of sternum be-
hind fore coxae with a dense fringe of matted down hair. Elytra with the inter-
vals broad, flat and equal, each rather closely set with a confused double, or
partly triple, row of fine erect setae which are short along suture but become pro-
gressively a little longer toward sides, those on 7th interval abruptly much
longer and softer. Declivity about perpendicular. Legs scaly and _ setose
and with long sparse hair. Fore tibia with its anterior face convex, the pos-
terior flat, outer edge sharp, articular surface in same plane with posterior face
and not set off from it by spinules; hind tibiae longest, fore tibiae next in length,
middle pair shortest. Tarsi rather narrow,hind pair with Ist segment longer
than 2d + 3d, 4th as long as Ist; front tarsi shorter, claw segment longer than
Ist.
Type locality —Utah (Type and 3 paratypes).
Other locality.—Arizona (1 paratype).
tiype— Cate Neo. Zool ieNweS. IN-M.
All 5 specimens seem to be 22. The tibial structure in
general indicates burrowing habits, though the long soft hair
would not seem to support this idea.
NEW SPECIES OF BOLOSCHESIS (=CHLAMYS) WITH NOTES
ON KNOWN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA; CHRYSO-
MELIDAE; FULCIDACINAE).
By Cuas. Scuaerrer, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N.Y.
The change of familiar and time-honored names and their
replacement with modern inventions is always unpleasant, but
Jacobson, 1924 (Rey. Russe d’Ent., Vol: 18, p. 239) recoe-
nizing the prior use of Chlamys by Bolton for a genus of Mol-
lusca, and of Diaspis by Bremi for our familiar scale insects,
has proposed the names Boloschesis and Diplacaspis to replace
these homonyms. At present we have no recourse but to adopt
them. The latter genus will probably be suppressed, however,
under the former since the chief distinguishing character, the
failure of the elytra to meet continuously behind the scutellum
and the consequent development of the metanotum into a so-
called second scutellum, is a variable character and the very
small bifid instead of dentate claws are not likely to be satis-
factory for generic definition. The new subfamily name is
based upon the gigantic Brazilian forms to which the genonym
Fulcidax was applied by Voet 1806.1
Mr. H. S. Barber has called my attention to the change of names, which I
had overlooked, and has kindly added this introductory paragraph.
182 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
Our indigenous species formerly known as Chlamys are rather
difficult to identify from descriptions. Memnonia Lac. has
hitherto been easily determined, but when two additional
species were distinguished, these being similar to memnonia
and confusa in the display of the “‘second scutellum” and, in
some lights, of a darker colored discal velvety spot on each
elyton, the identity of the true memnonia became very doubt-
ful. Moreover California was mentioned in addition to the
type locality, Mexico, in the original description of moestifica
and the exact identity of the latter species which has never been
included in our lists became of great interest, especially since the
descriptions of both offer scarcely any satisfactory means of
distinction because of the variability of the characters men-
tioned. ‘The species identifed at present as memnonia differs
from the rest of the related species, with the exception of
prosternalis, by the absence of a yellow spot within the emar-
gination of each eye and rather larger, more prominent elytral
tubercles, while the rest of the species have a distinct yellow
eye spot and the elytral tubercles less prominent. Types or
cotypes of memnonia and moestifica are in the British Museum as
stated by Mr. Jacoby in the “Biologia” and at my request Mr.
Arrow kindly sent me Mexican specimens of both species com-
pared and labelled by Mr. Jacoby, also some unidentified Mexi-
can and North American species. Unfortunately the speci-
mens sent as memnonia and moestifica belonged to one species
differing only in size, and were of no assistance. On further
inquiry, also regarding the presence or absence of a yellow eye
spot of both species, Mr. Bryant, to whom my questions were
referred by Mr. Arrow, wrote me that moestifica has a yellow
eye spot but memnonia has no spot; and he further writes that
the specimens I returned and labelled confusa are apparently
the same as moestifica. According to this information, mem-
nonia was correctly identified and my confusa becomes a syn-
onym of moestifica.
For the privilege of studying the material in the National
Museum [ am indebted to Messrs. Schwarz and Barber and to
Dr. Henry Skinner for the loan of specimens from the collec-
tions of Dr. Horn.
The following key for the determination of the North Ameri-
can species of Boloschesis (=Chlamys) is a modification of the
one published in 1907 with the new species added.
Key to the North American Species of Boloschesis.
1. Body*beneath uniformly metallic or black-o\ (226 22 Soe 2
Body beneath pale or bicolored 2225... 23 See eee 11.
2. Legs entirely; blacks or metallic. 2 2. is ee ee a ee 3:
Legs imorevor less paleo: ac 2 na nec cheek eee ee ncaa ee 10.
a:
10.
ile
Ip).
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 183
PB etascuitelltirmy Sibyl etme eee sen eee as es Mpa ac nth eR Ee ra ae ER. 4,
MetascutellmmyCcovere dies: ie cme ty ere et Ulery enc neers Leena Omeeu eae Se
. Prosternum between the coxae wide with sides broadly emarginate,
widening behind the coxae and obliquely narrowing to apex at about
ApICAl touwGenwCOlOG CUpTeOUG ee ne RR: ht prosternalis Schffr.
Prosternum narrow between and behind the coxae, gradually narrowing
TOMAPIO Ne ete sec ee ir oi ere Oe 2, Je ie gL A Rede 2 eee, eee 5,
. A yellow spot within the emargination of each eye...........-2-2---------.-----------—- 6.
Emargination of eye without a yellow spot.........------..-..... memnonia \.ac.
. Longitudinal median impressed line dividing the prothoracic tuberosity
iNtOneworlobessvctays cts tliat iclee eens sere ae ieee ake ee aes ee ee th
Longitudinal median impressed line of TreeHoras indistinct and feeble;
color cupreous, elytral sculpture coarsely punctate-rugose....subelata, n. sp.
. Elytral punctuation relatively fine or moderate, the punctures generally
well separated; color usually dark cupreous.................. moestifica Lac.
Elytral punctuation relatively large and more or less confluent, produc-
ing a rather coarse, punctate-rugose sculpture; color bright cupreous........
scabripennis, n. sp.
Small species, about 2.5 mm. long, reddish cupreous, sides of prothorax
obsoletely strigate, elytra generally distinctly punctate.....................-.---
tuberculata Klug.
Larger species, about 3.4 mm. long, cupreous to almost black........................ oF
Elytra generally finely and sparsely punctate, punctures occasionally
very feeble or absent or quite distinct; prothorax rather finely strigate-
rugose, tuberosity moderately deeply divided into two lobes....gisbosa Fab.
Elytra distinctly and rather coarsely punctate; prothorax more coarsely
and more evenly strigate-rugose, tuberosity less deeply divided and sur-
face generally more shining than in gibbosa_........--.---.------------ cribripennis Lac.
Oblong, black, opaque, front of head, antennae and legs more or less
reddish; prothorax coarsely strigate on disk of front, above at middle of
tuberosity moderately broadly canaliculate 2... foveolata Knoch.
Short, rather robust, dark cupreous, antennae, labrum, tarsi and tibiae
in about apical half reddish; prothorax uneven in front, sparsely but
coarsely punctate, intervals between the punctures finely strigate, tuber-
osity broadly divided into two lobes, next to each lobe a moderate tubercle
and near the base of the tuberosity at middle two rather prominent
tubercles when viewed laterally or posteriorly._............ quadrilobata, n. sp.
Body above obscure-metallic, finely pubescent; head, antennae, apical
and side margins of prothorax, legs, underside of body and pygidium
pale, coarsely and densely punctured and with two shining, black spots on
the anterior face of the gibbosity; elytra with about nine black or aeneous
tubercles, surface cribrately punctured... maculipes Chev.
Body above yellowish or ferrugineous, more or less varied with darker
ITV AUG CTIA G0 Sete eres Re 2 ie ne Bt We
Prothorax distinctly and rather coarsely punctate... 1S),
Prothorax not punctate, sculpture indistinctly reticulate, color yellowish
green, with two darker spots on each side of basal lobe; elytra ferrugin-
aus-with-a darker postscutellar spots 22.2. cescccicccecbee ee texana Schffr.
184 pROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
13. All the antennal joints pale, color ferruginous with darker markings on
prothorax and elytra; punctuation of elytra confused and tubercles mod-
erately. distitict....2.00 5.042 -oeiee oe eve a huachucae Schftr.
— Last four or five joints of antennae black, color usually yellowish-tes-
taceous with ferruginous or black markings; punctuation of elytra on the
disk forming more or less regular rows, tubercles absent or feeble
arizonensis Linell.
Boloschesis subelata, new species.
Form of gibbosa, Fab. but elytra coarsely punctate-rugose and with a very
distinct metascutellum. Cupreous more or less shining, antennae, labrum and
a spot within the emargination of each eye, yellowish. Head very finely stri-
gate-rugose with a few moderate punctures anteriorly; antennae pale, third
joint a little longer than fourth, fifth triangular but narrower than the sixth
joint. Prothorax with a rather feebly canaliculate tuberosity, surface finely
strigate-rugose, sparsely punctate, punctures moderate, but a little larger at
sides of apex of tuberosity where the surface is less even. Elytra with the
usual tubercles, which are, however, rather feebly distinct and more or less
confluent anteriorly from the humeral to the median tubercle near suture
and then to the sub-median basal tubercle; near lateral margin an arcuate ele-
vated line from about middle to not quite to apex; intervals, especially between
the confluent tubercles, coarsely and densely punctate-rugose; metascutellum
narrow, carina-like. Prosternum finely rugose and as usual narrow between
the coxae. Pygidium finely strigate-rugose with the usual median carina and
more or less distinct ocellate punctures. Body beneath with large punctures;
claws broadly appendiculate. Length 3.75 mm.
Tucson, Arizona (Hubbard), Goffs, California (Rehn and
Hebard).
Type and paratype (Tucson, Arizona).—Cat. No. 29463, U. S.
National Museum; paratypes in collection, American Ento-
mological Society, Philadelphia, and one paratype in collec-
tion, Brooklyn Museum.
This species, the type and paratype of which were reared
from larval cases on Larrea tridentata (Covillea glutinosa) will
be readily known from those having a visible metascutellum
and a yellow eye spot by the very coarse punctate-rugose elytra
and the form of prothorax, which is slightly lower and the sum-
mit of tuberosity is more regularly arcuate and at middle more
feebly canalicate than in the other species. The elevated
sinuous ridges of the elytra, caused by the confluence of the
tubercles, are less distinct.
Boloschesis scabripennis, new species.
Form of the smaller specimens of gibsosa Fab. but elytra coarsely punctate-
rugose and with distinct metascutellum. Color cupreous, antennae, labrum and
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 185
a small spot within the emargination of each eye reddish. Head very finely
strigate-rugose with a few moderate punctures anteriorly and _ posteriorly.
Prothorax with distinct and moderately deeply canaliculate tuberosity; sur-
face finely strigate-rugose, scarcely punctate in front but more distinctly at
sides and anteriorly near the summit of the tuberosity where the surface 1s
rather subrugose and more uneven than below. Elytra with the usual tubercles,
which are more or less confluent but not as clearly defined as mostly in memno-
nia and moestifica; near lateral margin an arcuate, elevated line running parallel
with the margin from about middle to not quite to apex; surface, especially be-
tween the confluent tubercles, coarsely and densely punctate-rugose, between
the punctures when visible moderately finely rugose; metascutellum distinct
but narrow. Prosternum finely rugose, narrow between the anterior coxae.
Pygidium finely rugose with the usual median carina and occasionally a few
smooth spaces. Body beneath with large punctures; claws broadly appendi-
culate at base. Length 3.5 mm.
Texas, Marathon, June (Mitchell and Cushman), El Paso
(ex-+Love, Brooklyn Museum); New Mexico, close to N. M.
Agr. College, May (Cockerell, U. S. Nat. Mus.); California,
Riverside, April (coll. O. Dietz); Arizona (coll. Riley, U.S. Nat.
Mus. and Brooklyn Mus.).
Type (Marathon, Texas).—Cat. No. 29464, U. S. National
Museum; paratypes in Nat. Museum and Brooklyn Museum.
The paratype from New Mexico is labelled “on Larrea.”
This species differs from the above described sudelata in
having a more suddenly declivous and more deeply canaliculate
prothoracic tuberosity. From moestifica it differs in having a
much coarser elytral sculpture and the prothorax smoother
anteriorly. It is more closely related to the latter than to the
other species.
Boloschesis moestifica (Lac.)
Chlamys moestifica Lacord. 1848.
Chlamys confusa Schaeffer 1920
This species was described from Mexico and California by
Lacordaire but has never been recognized here in North America.
Lacordaire’s specimens came from Dupont and were, like other
species from the same source, not collected in California but in
Arizona.
Of the North American species displaying the metascutellum
and a yellow spot within the emargination of each eye this
species has a much less rugose elytral sculpture but a rather
more coarse sculpture anteriorly of each lobe of the prothoracic
tuberosity which Lacordaire describes as follows: “Chacun des
lobes * * * est creusé en avant d’une assez grand fossette
et le reste est convert de petites crétes formant une sorte de
186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
reseau irregulier a mailles incompletes.” This is of course
variable but of none of the species have I seen specimens which
so perfectly agree in this respect except those I described as
confusa. The punctuation of elytra is in some specimens very
fine or almost absent, in others it is more distinct. The meta-
scutellum is in a few ‘specimens faint or invisible.
It is found in several localities in southern Arizona and
Mexico.
Boloschesis prosternalis (Schaeffer).
This species was originally described from Brownsville,
Texas, but occurs also at Catalina Springs, Arizona (Hubbard
and Schwarz in coll. U. S. N. M.) and at Acapulco, Mexico
(Hoege in coll. Brit. Mus.). It is the smallest of the species
having a metascutellum and readily known by the different form
of prosternum. There is also no yellow spot within the emar-
gination of each eye and the black velvety space on each elytron
usually seen in a certain light in the species with a metascutel-
lum is absent in this species.
Boloschesis insularis, new species.
Form of gibbosa Fab., color above and below and legs cupreous, labrum, a
spot within the emargination of each eye and the first five antennal joints
reddish, the last six joints black. Head very finely rugose, posteriorly punc-
tate; antennae with fourth joint triangular, much narrower than the fifth joint.
Prothorax similar to gibbosa but tuberosity more obliquely and less suddenly
declivous; surface finely strigate-rugose, moderately coarsely punctate at sides;
tuberosity divided into two sub-acute lobes, each lobe rather coarsely sub-rugose
anteriorly. Elytra with tubercles as in gibdosa; surface rather coarsely punctate,
intervals between the punctures convex, producing a somewhat sub-rugose ap-
pearance, surface otherwise, when visible between the punctures, finely rugose;
metascutellum absent. Body below with large punctures. Prosternum narrow
between the coxae, finely rugose and coarsely punctate. Claws broadly ap-
pendiculate Length, 3.75 mm.
Wilson City, Abaco, Bahama, June (Engelhardt).
Type.—Cat. No. 29465 U. S. National Museum.
This species is very similar to gibbosa but the prothoracic
tuberosity is different, anteriorly more oblique and not as sud-
denly declivous and the two lobes are rather more acute, the
outer six antennal joints are black and the ees sculpture is
rougher.
Boloschesis quadrilobata, new species.
Small, similar to ¢aberculata, color dark cupreous, antennae, labrum, tarsi
and tibiae in about apical half reddish. Head finely rugose, closely punctate
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 187
with moderately large punctures; between the eyes a fovea-like impression.
Prothorax with a rather strong and sudden tuberosity, which latter is broadly
canaliculate at its summit, dividing it into two lobes, at sides of each of the latter
is a tubercle-like prominence and in front near the base of the tuberosity another
rather prominent tubercle on each side of middle,! also a relatively large
tubercle at sides equidistant from lateral margin and base; surface rather un-
even, moderately finely strigate-rugose with relatively very large punctures,
more numerous at sides than front. Elytra with the usual tubercles but the
large median ones near suture nearer to the scutellum than in the other species,
tubercles more or less confluent, the large median tubercle more or less dis-
tinctly connected with the smaller one below by a coarsely sculptured and
moderately broad elevation, near the side margin, from about middle but not
reaching to apex, a more or less distinct arcuate ridge; surface between the
tubercles rather coarsely and sparsely punctuate; intervals between the punc-
tures finely rugose; metascutellum absent. Prosternum rather finely rugose
with moderate punctures which are well separated; narrow between the coxae.
Pygidium with a fine, distinct longitudinal median carina; surface finely rugose
with a few, more or less distinct tubercles and moderately large punctures.
Body beneath with large punctures. Length, 3 mm.
San Antonio, Texas (Hubbard and Schwarz coll.).
Type and paratype.—Cat. No. 29466, U.S. National Museum.
This small species will be readily known from the other cu-
preous North American Boloschesis by the coloration of the
tibiae and tarsi and the different sculpture of prothorax.
Boloschesis gibbosus (Fab.)
Bruchus gibbosus Fab. 1777, 1781, 1787, 1792 and 1801.
Clythra plicata Fab, 1801.
Chlamys tuberosa Knoch, 1801.
Chlamys plicata (=gibbosa) Oliv. 1808.
The names affinis Klug, assimilis Klug and polycocca Lac,
are wrongly placed as synonyms of foveolata Knoch in Mr.
Leng’s catalogue. They belong under gibbosa Fab.
B. gibbosa Fab. is a very variable insect in regard to the
sculpture of prothorax and elytra. The strigation of the
prothorax is 1n some specimens as coarse as in cribripennis Lac.
and the sculpture of the elytra in certain specimens of crib-
ripennis is very nearly as occasionally occurs in gibbosa. Some
of these varieties are possibly referable to one or the other syno-
nyms but I found it impossible to determine any of these with
certainty from the descriptions.
1These two frontal tubercles are scarcely visible from a frontal view, but are
very distinct and rather prominent from a lateral or posterior view.
188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BRACONID PARASITE OF ARTONA
CATOXANTHA (HYMENOPTERA).
By S. A. Rouwer, U. S. Bureau of Entomology.
The description of the following new parasite is presented at
this time so its name will be available to economic workers who
are studying the life history, habits and control of the coconut
pest, drtona catoxantha Hampson. The material from which
this new species is described was forwarded by B. A. R. Gater,
of the Department of Agriculture of Straits Settlements and
Federated Malay States, accompanied by a letter stating that
it is an important parasite of the early instars of its host and
that efforts are being made to introduce it into Fiji to control
Levuana tridescens.
Apanteles artonae, new species.
Ovipositor short, hind legs except base of tibiae black, second tergite with
oblique furrows, hind coxae opaque, granular.
Female.—Length 2mm. Eyes very slightly converging towards the clypeus;
face rather coarsely punctured, with a tendency to transverse striations, with
rather distinct ridge below the bases of the antennae; vertex shining but with
small punctures; antenna distinctly tapering apically, 18-jointed in type, the
basal joints fully four times as long as their greatest width; mesoscutum with
distinct, close, well-defined punctures; parapsides indicated posteriorly; suture
in front of the scutellum broad, with four transverse rugae at the bottom; scu-
tellum convex, with large punctures on the disk, the lateral face granular
followed posteriorly by a somewhat polished area; propodeum with indistinct
punctures medianly, with well-defined carina laterally, otherwise without
carinae; mesepisternum shining, with distinct setigerous punctures; posterior
coxae long, cylindrical, opaque, granular and with a few well-defined punc-
tures interspersed; posterior tibiae longer than their femora and trochanters
combined; first tergite slightly longer than its greatest apical width, indistinctly
sculptured laterally, medianly smooth and shining; second tergite with two
oblique furrows, the lateral area subopaque, the median area smooth and
polished; following tergites polished; ovipositor short, about half as long as the
first tergite; nervulus postfurcal by a distance somewhat greater than its
length. Black; head and thorax covered with sparse white hair; sides of the
first and second tergites ferrugineous; anterior legs, below the bases of the
femora, ferrugineous but with the tarsi paler than the femora; base of posterior
tibia ferrugineous; palpi sordid white; wings hyaline, distinctly iridescent,
venation pale brown, costa and stigma dark brown.
Male.—Length 1.75 mm. Antenna not so distinctly tapering as in female;
intermediate femora distinctly infuscate basally; first and second tergites very
narrowly ferrugineous laterally; otherwise agrees with above characterization
of the female.
Type locality —Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926 189
Type-—Cat. No. 40097, U. S. N. M.
Described from six females (one type) and nine males (one
allotype) received from B. A. R. Gater, and said to be a para-
site of the early stages of Artona catoxantha. Specimens re-
corded under his number 2603.
NOMINA CONSERVANDA FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE
TAXONOMIST.
By W. L. McAteer, U. S. Biological Survey.
Nomina conservanda have been adopted for the chief purpose
of preserving familiar names. The action is equivalent to a
ruling in the field of language that we shall continue to use the
terms horseless carriage or flying machine and never change
to such modern ones as automobile or airplane. Why do
scientists, most of whom presumably are evolutionists, attempt
to block development in taxonomy while constantly accepting
change in other fields both within and without the domain of
science?
Getting at the root of the thing, what virtue is there in famili-
arity? Certainly there is no real value in preserving a familiar
name unless it embodies a definite concept. Proponents of
nomina conservanda assume that these names do embody such
concepts but this is a fallacy. In fact the longer a name has
been in use the more we may be assured that authors have
applied it to diverse organisms. The history of old names is
very likely to be a chronicle of misidentifications.
Any one who has revised a taxonomic group knows this is
true. He finds the same name label on different species, some-
times on several of them, and he finds different species (includ-
ing undescribed ones) standing under a single name. If these
things are true of collections, they are true also of literature
which is based on collections. The plea that nomina con-
servanda preserve definite concepts, for the field of entomology
at least, is ridiculous.
The definite concept idea is not retroactive; we can not
consult the older writings and assume without great risk of
error, when we find one of the conserved “familiar names”
that it applies to the same organism assigned to it at present.
Furthermore the definite concept idea has no anticipatory value,
for we can not be insured against future change. Progress in
taxonomy will not stop. Every successive reviser finds characters
overlooked by his predecessors and refines the classification.
Taxonomy is dynamic not static and its development demands
never-ceasing perfecting of analysis and definition. Setting
190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 8, NOV., 1926
up nomina conservanda 1s attempting to establish fixed entities
in a field where change, where progress, necessarily has been
the rule. It amounts to fixing limits to the search for knowl-
edge—a wholly unscientific endeavor.
Nomina conservanda (in entomology at least) are the most
tinsel of idols, and setting them up involves sacrifice of scientific
ideals of evolution in methods and of progress in knowledge.
Furthermore they can be established only by nullification of
the fundamental principle of nomenclature, priority. Under
the methods by which nomina conservanda are selected any
name may be adopted or rejected by fiat.
This is anarchy which the taxonomist can not safely tolerate.
To put the thing on the most selfish basis, taxonomists as a
rule have as one of their chief objects building for themselves
a monument from their works. When the names of the older
systematists are handled with slight consideration by the com-
missions which promulgate nomina conservanda, how can the
modern taxonomist expect better treatment for his names?
It seems to the present writer that entomological taxonomists
almost to a man will oppose nomina conservanda not only
because of their futility but also because of their unfairness.
Taxonomists originate the names, work with them more than
other scientists, and in all ways have greater interests in them,
and rights over them. Why, therefore, should taxonomists
accept fiat names?
There would seem to be no compelling reason why fiat names
should pretend to be terms recognized in technical taxonomy.
Why will not standardized vernacular names serve every need
of fiat nomenclature? Using vernaculars would certainly obvi-
ate otherwise inevitable conflict between believers and non-
believers in nomina conservanda. If the proponents, however,
will have pseudo-technical names, let them go their gait.
Taxonomists can develop their own field according to their
own best judgment, ignoring nomina conservanda which in
consequence will eventually pass into the realm of forgotten
things.
Actual date of publication, December 15, 1926.
\
EDITORIAL.
When a taxonomist is asked to determine material of an
entire order of insects from all parts of the world, a high
percentage of accuracy must not be expected. Insect orders
are vast, and at any given time only minor subdivisions
of them are covered by thorough-going revisions of fairly
recent dates. It is only with such revisions in hand that
the taxonomist can make determinations that he is con-
fident reflect the most advanced and accurate classifica-
tion. Requesting positive identifications of miscellaneous:
specimens, therefore, may be asking the impossible. The
taxonomist feels most confident when dealing with groups he
has personally revised; working with others he uses in the order
of preference, (a) revisions by others if fortunately such exist,
(b) descriptions and illustrations, or (c) comparisons with
previously named material. Descriptions may not fit exactly,
illustrations may differ in detail, and previous identifications
may be faulty. Often a specific name can be given only with
the reservation that it be understood as conventional, and only
taken for what it is worth considering the existing state of the
classification and literature,—in other words, as something
likely to be changed by advance in knowledge.
Economic entomologists and others on the consuming end
of insect determinations, therefore, should bear in mind that
when identifications can not be revisional, in many cases they
are necessarily more or less provisional. :
—WV.L. McAtee.
NOTES AND NEWS ITEMS.
Insects of Western North America, E. O. Essig, 1926, The
MacMillan Company, New York.—This handsome and valuable
contribution to American Entomology is a credit to both the
author and the publishers. It is a handbook on insects, which
will be useful not merely to the students, the agriculturists, and
the general public in the West, but to professional entomologists
all over the world, due to the scholarly arrangement of the
subject, the large amount of biological data, much of which is
new or at least hitherto unpublished, and to the numerous
excellent illustrations, most of them original; the photographs
are particularly good, instructive and well reproduced.
The volume contains more than a thousand pages, with 766
text figures and text in clear type on fine paper, substantially
bound in cloth.
The subject is treated according to the orders, necessarily
concisely, but with a surprising amount of interesting details,
which makes the volume far more readable than the ordinary
textbook. Analytical keys to the orders and families are given,
and careful separate indexes to both insects and foodplants
enable easy cross-references to any subject treated. Control
measures against injurious insects are indicated and very full
references to the more important economic and systematic
literature are given in footnotes.
It is an excellent textbook and reference book and Mr. Essig
is to be congratulated on this important and altogether praise-
worthy work.
—August Busck.
VOL, 28 DECEMBER, 1926 No. 9
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
anal 17, :
a JAN 18 1927
ty
CONTENTS Mationay wuss?
CRAWFORD, J. C.—NORTH AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS PANURGINUS. . 207
A
CRUMB, S. E.—THE BRONZED CUTWORM (NEPHELODES EMMEDONIA CRAMER)
CHEBIDOPTERA) sy ein os, Ae ha, Ve camaniea rete be Ra SRE AL. gu) PROP Oa Be NRE 201
RISHER MWS: aN EMWY CACTUSABEETGESS «» Gi astol. o. ton cyhatan@ee nye. 6 Weyne 214
FORBES, W. T. M.—THE SPECIES OF HUBNER’S TENTAMEN. ...... 191
SCHAUS, W.—A NEW SATYRID FROM CHINA (LEPIDOPTERA). ...... 218
PusitsHED Montuiy Excerpt Jury, AucustT AND SEPTEMBER
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 28 DECEMBER 1926 INGE 9
THE SPECIES OF HUBNER’S TENTAMEN.
By Wm. T. M. Forses, Ithaca, New York.
Recent notices by the Commission of Zoological Nomen-
clature have called for an agreed bibliography of the specific
names cited in Hubner’s Tentamen. The following is presented
to the public interested in that work, in the hope that it may
serve this purpose. ,
Of the 107 names presented in the Tentamen, one is based
on a species then unpublished, and so doubtless invalid; 74
are from Linnaeus, 64 first appearing in the tenth edition (or
earlier as polynomials), 2 in the Museum of Louisa Ulrica, and
four each in the Fauna Suecica and the 12th edition of the
Systema. Four names are from Clerck’s Icones (also appearing
in Linnaeus), 7 are described in the Vienna Catalogue, usually
credited to Denis and Schiffermiller, and one each from Cramer
and Scopoli. Of names sometimes credited to the Vienna
Catalogue, but which appear there as xomina nuda, one each
appear to have been validated by description by Borkhausen
and Hiibner himself, and the twelve remaining are all described
in Fabricius’ “Mantissa” published in 1787. For some of these
there may have been earlier references which have escaped me,
but the Fabrician descriptions validate them in any case. Five
names appear to have been first published by Hiibner himself
in the “Sammlung Europ. Schm.”
ORIGINAL REFERENCES FOR GENOTYPES PROPOSED IN THE
TENTAMEN.
I. Papttiones I. nymphales (Verz No.)
Neréis Polymnia (Papilio Polymnia) Linn. 28
1764 Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, 224
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. xii, Papilio No. 58! (P. Heliconius)
(Preoccupied by Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, 654, 1758.)
Limnas Chrysippus (Papilio Chrysippus Linn.) 78
1764 Linn. Mus. Ludov. Ulr., 263
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 119 (P. Danaus)
1The Verzeichniss cites this as equal to Heliconii Linn. Does this auto-
matically fix the type of both? We have been using Heliconius of another sub-
family, but there seems to be evidence that this was the group L. especially
intended.
192 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Lemonias Maturna (Papilio Nymphalis! Maturna Linn.) 223
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 136
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 204
There are early references to Lemonias Illiger, but I can not find it
was published before 1818.
Dryas Paphia (Papilio Nymphalis Paphia Linn.) 266
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 138
1768 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, Pap. 209
Hamadryas Fo (sic) (Papilio Nymphalis Io Linn.) 322
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 88
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 131
Najas Populi (Papilio Nymphalis Populi Linn.) 404
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 111
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 162
Potamis Iris (Papilio Nymphalis Iris Linn.) 460
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 110
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 161
Oreas Proserpina (Papilio Proserpina Schiff.) 459
1776 Denis and Schiffermiiller Syst. Verz. der Schmetterlinge der
Wiener Gegend, Plates la, lb, Figs. 9a, b (circe Fabr. Syst. Ent.,
Pap. no. 226).
Il. gentiles
Rusticus Argus (Papilio Plebejus Argus Linn.) 670
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 152
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 232?
Princeps Machaon (Papilio Eques Machaon Linn.) 844
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 27
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 33
Mancipium Brassicae (Papilio Danaus Brassicae Linn.) 983
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 58
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Pap. 75
Consul Fabius (Papilio Eques Achivus Fabius Cr.) 1058
1775 Cramer Papillons Exotiques I Pl. 90, C., D.8
Urbanus Malvae (Papilio Plebeius Malvae Linn.) 1191
1758 Linn Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Pap. 167
1767 Linn Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, 267
II. Spoinces I. papilionoides
Zygaena Filipendulae (Sphinx Filipendulae Linn.) 1273
1In each case I cite Linnean genus and subgenus from the Systema Naturae.
His numbering is continuous in each genus.
2There is apparently a little question which of two closely related species is
the true argus L., but they are strictly congeneric and both were included in
Linnaeus’ conception.
3Protogonius Hbn. Verz. is monotypical and would be a strict synonym.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 193
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 32
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Sph. 341
Chrysaor Statices (Sphinx Statices Linn.) 1293
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 38
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, Sph. 47
Glaucopis Phegea (Sphinx Phegea Linn.)? 1318 n. b. 1.
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 33
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Sph. 35
(Preoccupied by Gmelin in Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. XIII, 363, 1788.)
Il. hymenopteroides
Sphecomorpha Incendiaria (nomen nudum)*
Sesia Culiciformis (Sphinx culiciformis Linn.)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. x, p. 493, Sph. 29
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. xii, Sph. 304
Thyris Pyralidiformis (Sphinx Pyralidiformis Hbn.) 1399
date uncertain (1793- —). Hiibner, Sammlung Europaische
Schmetterlinge, Sphinges p. 86, Pl. III, fig. 16.
(synonym of fenestrella Scop.; fenestrina Den. and Schiff.)
Ill. legitimae
Bombylia Stellatarum (Sphinx stellatarum Linn.) 1409
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 26
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, Sph. 27
Eumorpha Elpenor (Sphinx Elpenor Linn.) 1463
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 15
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Sph. 17
Manduca Atropos (Sphinx Atropos Linn.) 1494
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 8
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Sph. 9
Amorpha Populi (Sphinx Populi Linn.) 1517
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Sph. 2
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Sph. 2
1Fixes type of Zygaena Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 550. 1775,
*Has priority over Amata Fabr. Illiger’s Mag. vi, 289. The types though
congeneric are wholly distinct. G/aucopis was taken up by F. in the same place,
but without listing Hiibner’s type. (He also shifted the meaning of “ Pyralis”’
in a similar way.)
3Glaucopis Incendiaria Hbn. was published 1827 according to Hampson, cat.
Lep. Phal. i
4Fixes type of Sesia Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 547, 1775.
5The text is dated 1796. This is Thyris Laspeyres, whose type (sole species)
is the same species, cited by Laspeyres as fenestrina.
194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Ill. Bomsyces I. sphingoides
Dimorpha Versicolora (Phal. Bombyx versicolora Linn.) 1526
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. Bomb. 171
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. Bomb. 321
Ptilodon Camelina (P. B. camelina Linn.) 1542
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. B. 56
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. B. 80
Andria Vinula (P. B. Vinula Linn.) 1559
l/7Ssiuinn syste Nate Eideexge. Ballo
1767 Linn: Syst. Nat. Ed: xa) PB. 29
Platy pteryx Hamula (Bombyx Hamula Schiffermiiller)? 1570
(Prelinnean}) Réaum. vol. 1i Mem. vi Pl. 22, figs. 407 (le cheval marin)
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Bombyx T. 4. proposes Bombyx
Hamutla for “le cheval marin”’ of Réaumur.
1790 Borkhausen Naturg. d. Eur. Schmett. II], p. 57 no. 11 (also in
Esper)
1796 (?) Hitbner Samml. Eur. Schm. II, Bombyces p. 114, figs. 46, 47
Echidna Tau (P. Bombyx Tau Linn.) 1592
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat, Ed. x, P) B. 7
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. B. 8
(Preoccupied in the fishes by Forster 1778, and also in the Mammalia by
Cuvier, 1797.)
Il. veras
Heraea Carpini (Bombyx Carpini Schiff.) 1638
(Prelinnean) Réaum. vol. 1, pl. 49, figs. 1-10. (le petit paon)
(1758 Linn. Syst. Nat. P. B. 6 pavonia, a4 minor) (No. 7a of Ed. xii)
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Bombyx B. 3. proposes Bombyx car-
pini® for “le petit paon” of Réamur.
1796 (2) Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schm. Pl. 14 figs. 53-54 (carpini)
Hipogymna (sic) Morio (P. Bombyx Morio Linn.) 1644
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xi, P. B. 66
Leucoma Auriflua (Bombyx Auriflua Fabr.) 1660
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Verz. Bombyx D. 4.—undescribed)4
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insectorum ii, Bombyx No. 145
Dasychira Pudibunda (P. Bombyx pudibunda Linn.)
1758 linn: Syst. Nat. Eds. (PB435
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, P. B. 54
Melalopha Curtula (P. Bombyx curtula Linn.) 1684
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. B. 34
1All the species of Phalaena are numbered consecutively.
2Fixes type of Playtypteryx Laspeyres. Is a synonym of Drepana Schranck.
3Ph. (for the Linnean Phalaena) appears in the center-heads; but the formal
citation of the name is merely “B. Carpini,” and so everywhere.
4Name used by Stephens in another sense.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
1767 Linn. Syst: Nat., Ed. xu; PSB. 52
Hipocrita (sic) Facobaeae (P. Noctua Jacobaeae Linn.)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 81
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x1, P. N. 111
Hypercompe Caja (P. Bombyx Caja Linn.)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. B. 22
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, P. B. 38
Lachneis Catax (P. Bombyx Catax)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, Appendix, p. 822
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, P. B. 27
Trichoda Neustria (P. Bombyx Neustria)
758 Linn. Systs Nat, Edi. Rabe lo
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed: xii, P) Bi .35
(preoccupied by Trichoda Miiller, 1773)
Eutricha Quercifolia (P. Bombyx quercifolia)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. x, P. B. 8
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xi, P. B. 18
Heteromorpha Caeruleocephala (P. Bombyx caeruleocephalajLinn.)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. B. 38
1767 Linn.) Syst. Nat Kd: xi, Ps B59
Ill. fodicantes
Teredo Cossus (P. Bombyx Cossus Linn.)!
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. B. 40
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. B. 63
Hepiolus Humuli (P. Noctua Humuli Linn.)?
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 62
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 84
IV. Nocruae I. bombycoides
Apatele (sic) Aceris (P. Noctua Aceris Linn.)
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. x, P. N. 98
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 137
Diphthera Aprilina (P. Noctua aprilina Linn.)
1/58 Teinns syst. Nats bdax vba Nn 99
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 138
1Preoccupied; Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, p. 651.
195
LAUT
1868
1909
1974
1951
1989
1995
2017
2041
2050
2Fixes type of Hepialus Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 589, 1775. Kirby also marks
humuli as type of Hepialus, but Packard chose the blunt-winged species.
Illiger also spells it “Hepiolus.”
8This genus name has been in more or less continuous use, credited to Hiib-
ner. If the Tentamen is rejected, I do not know what will be its first valid use;
perhaps Sammlung Exot. Schmett., Pl. 193, for Noropsis hieroglyphica, a South
American form of an entirely different group.
196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Faspidia Spoliatricula (P. Noctua Spoliatricula Hiibner) 2061
1799 Hiibn. Samml. Eur. Schmett. Noctua 26.1
Il. genuinae
Miselia Oxyacanthae (P. Noctua Oxyacanthae Linn.) 2069?
1758 Winn. Syst. Nats BdyxsiPs No 113
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 165
Pyrophyla (sic) Pyramidea (P. Noctua pyramidea Linn.) 2081
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 119
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 181
Polia Flavicincta (Noctua flavicincta Fabr.)3 2107
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noct. H. 2.—(undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect., Noctua 277
Achatia Atriplicis (P. Noctua Atriplicis Linn.) 2203
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 116 ;
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 173
Graphiphora Gothica (P. Noctua gothica Linn.) 2248
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 107
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x1, P. N. 159
Agrotis Segetis (P. Noctua Segetum Schiff.)4 2280
1775 Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noctua N. 12, Pl. la, lb, fig. 3.
Glaee (sic) Vaccinii (Ph. Noctua Vaccinii Linn.) 2318
1761 Linn. Fauna Suecica No. 1212
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. xi, P. N. 166
Xanthia Fulvago (Ph. Noctua Fulvago Linn.) 2344
1761 Linn. Fauna Suecica no. 1173
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 190
Cosmia Affinis (P. Noctua affinis Linn.)5 2351
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 144
Bombycia Or (Noctua or Fabr.) 2358
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noctua T. 5.—undescribed)
1787 Fabricius Mantissa Insect. N. 202
1Is Bryophila algae of later authors according to Staudinger and Rebel.
The name appears in the Wiener Verzeichniss, but without description.
2Tn the text of the Verzeichniss it is misprinted “Oxiocanthae,” but is correct
in Geyer’s index.
8This name was taken up by Ochsenheimer and Treitschke and has been
in continuous use. If the Tentamen is not accepted it may be a very difficult
matter to determine the type of later uses. Tr. included flavicincta, Hampson
chose cappa, a member of another subfamily.
4This name was taken up by Ochsenheimer, and it is frequently credited to
him.
5This name was taken up by Ochsenheimer, and is frequently credited to
him, but with a different type (paleacea, I think).
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 197
Heliophila Pallens (P. Noctua pallens Linn.) 2390
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed: x,-P. Ne 77
1759 (so given in Fauna Suecica) Clerck Icones PI. 4, fig. 6
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. xii, P. N. 107
Xylena (sic) Lythoxylea (P. Noctua lithoxylaea Fabr.) 2416
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noct. K. 2.—aundescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. P. N. Uithoxylaea no. 2991
Tribonophora (sic) Umbratica (P. Noctua umbratica Linn.) 2445
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 103
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x11, P. N. 150?
Plusia Chrysitis (P. Noctua Chrysitis Linn.) 2496
1758) Linn: Syst. Nat. Ed: x, PON. 90
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, P. N. 126
Erotyla Sulphurea (P. Noctua Sulphurea Schiff.) 2509
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. Pyralis Sulphuralis No. 333
1775 Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noc. Z. 6. proposes su/phurea as a substitute
name for su/phuralis, under the custom of the time, as the ending
—alis was restricted to the Pyralides, and Schiff. transfers it to the
Noctuidae.?
Antophila (sic, but Anthophilae) Purpurina (N. purpurina Fabr.) D2,
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noc. T. 9.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. N. 215
Heliothis Dipsacea (P. Noctua dipsacea Linn.) 2578
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 1854 ;
Ascalapha Lunaria (P. Noctua lunaris Fabr.) 2621
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noc. Aa. 1.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. P. Noctua 135
Lemur Maura (P. Noctua maura Linn.) : Pre
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 88
1767 Linn, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P..N. 124
(preoccupied by Lemur Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758)
Blepharum Sponsa (P. Noctua sponsa Linn.) 2726
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. N. 118
Brephos Parthenias (P. Noctua Parthenias) 2745
1761 Linn. Fauna Suecica No. 1160
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, P. N. 94
1Was taken up by Ochsenheimer. Later it was emended to Xylina, and has
been constantly used with this spelling.
2The spelling is an obvious misprint, and is corrected in the Verzeichniss
Bek. Schm. to Tribunophorae. It should not be confused with the Trigono-
phorae of the Wiener Verz.
3A synonym of Emmelia trabealis (Scop.)
4This name was taken up by Ochsenheimer and has been in continuous use to
include dipsacea, save for Hampson, who ignores the Tentamen and uses the
“first species rule”’ in selecting types.
198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Euclidia Glyphica (P. Noctua glyphica) 2752
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. N. 76
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, P. N. 105!
V. GeometraE I. amplae
Hylaea Fasciaria (P. Geometra fasciaria) 2766
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 142
1759 (?) Clerck Icones PI. 5, fig. 6 (?) (so cited in L. Ed. xii)
1767 Linn, Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 216
Terpne Papilionaria (P. Geometra papilionaria Linn.) 2779
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 151
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 225
Eusarca Elinguaria (P. Geometra elinguaria Linn.) 2802
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 137
1767 linn. Syst-. Nat.) Edaxi. b21Ge 21
Lars Sambucaria (P. Geometra Sambucaria Linn.) 2820
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 129
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 203
Eutrapela Lunaria (P. Geometra Lunaria Schiff.) 2836
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Geo. F. 7, Pl. la, lb, fig. 4
Erastria Amataria (P. Geometra amataria Linn.) 2904
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 158 (amata).
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 201 (amataria)
(the name was first changed in the Fauna Suecica no.f1223)
Il. tenues
Cyclophora Pendularia (Phalaena pendularia (Clerck?)) 2915
1759 (2) Clerck Icones PI. 7, fig. 5
1761 Linn. Fauna Suecica No. 1244 (cites “Icones’’)
Spilote Grossulariata (P. Geometra Grossulariata Linn.) (-aria) 2937
1758-Linn. Syst. Nath Bd. x, PG. 167
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 242
Sphecodes Pusaria (P. Geometra pusaria Linn.) 2982
(758 leinne Syste Nat. bidax. PaGals0
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xai, P. G. 223
Chleuastes Piniaria (P. Geometra Piniaria Linn.) 2878
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 134
176- Clerck Icones Pl. 1, fig. 10
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 210
Sciadion Furvata (Phalaena furuata Fabr.)? 3019
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Geo. I. 1.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. Phalaena No. 120
Cymatophora Roboraria (Phalaena roboraria Fabr.) 3043
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Geo. D. 1.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. Phal. No. 23
1Taken up by Ochsenheimer and in continuous use.
2Fabr. prints with a w, but also in “Larwae lividae.” He uses v in “vndata.”
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 199
III. aeguivocae
Pachys Prodromaria (Phal. prodromaria Fabr.) 3072
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Geo. C. 1.: name proposed for “la
printaniére”’ of Geoffroy. I can find no such name in Geoffroy,
and suppose it must have been unpublished)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. Phal. 87!
Epirrita Dilutata (Geometra Dilutata Borkhausen) 3100
1794 Borkh. Naturgesch. vol. 5, p. 290, 564
(date?) Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schm. Geometrae PI. 36. fig. 188
Rheumaptera Hastata (P. Geometra hastata Linn.) 3169
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 180
1759 (?) Clerck Icones PI. 1, fig. 9
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x1i, P. G. 254
Hydria Undulata (P. Geometra undulata Linn.) 3182
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 164
1759 (?) Clerck Icones PI. 6, fig. 3
1767 Winn. syst. Nat. Ed. xi, P?'G.239
Petrophora Moeniata (Phalaena Moeniata Scop.) ——
1763 Scopoli Ent. Carn. 226, No. 561 (Moeniata)
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Geo. M. 1. (Moeniaria)
VI. Pyrauipes I. geometriformes
Erpyzon Barbalis (P. Pyralis Barbalis Cl.) 3295
1759 (?) Clerck Icones PI. 5. fig..3
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Phal. 329 (small 3)
Salia Salicalis (Pyralis Salicalis Schiff.) 3293
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Pls. la, lb, fig. 5.
Il. vulgares
Helia Purpuralis (P. P. purpuralis Linn.) 3344
1758 binny syst. Natsbdux bea 23S
1759? Clerck Icones Pl. 9, fig. 10
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. P. 342
Elophila Limnalis (P. Geometra Lemnata Linn.) 3468
1758 Linn Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. G. 199 (Lemnata)
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 278 (Lemnata)
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Pyr. B. 30. (Lemnalis)?
Palpita Urticalis (P. Geometra urticata Linn.) 3451
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. Geometra 195 (Hortulata)$
1761 Linn Fauna Suecica no. 1297 (urticata)8
1767 Linn Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. G. 272 (urticata)
1According to Staudinger and Rebel is a synonym of strataria Hufnagel.
20 imnalis was an obvious misprint. The change from /emnata to lemnalis
was in accordance with the custom of the time.
3The two citations have identical bibliographic references.
200 =PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Ill. difformes
Idia Bombycalis (Phalaena bombycalis Fabr.) 3321
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Pyr. A. 6.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. Phal. 268
Chlamiphora Palliola (P. palliolalis Hbn.) 3845
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Noct. D. 1.—undescribed)
17— Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schmett. pyral. f. 149! (palliolalis)
VII. Torrrices I. /ascivae
Hemerophila Pariana (P. Tortrix pariana Clerck) 3575
17— Clerck Icones PI. 10, fig. 9
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. xii, P. Tortrix 320
Olethreutes Arcuana (P. Tinea Arcuella Clerck) 3586
17— Clerck Icones Pl. 10, fig. 8
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, Phal. 296
Archips Oporana (P. Tortrix oporana Linn.) 3775
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. T. 207
i767 Linn. Syst. Nat, Bd.xu,P: 1. 292
Il. pigrae
Nycteola Degenerana (P. Tortrix Degenerana Hbn.) 3837
1793-1827 Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schmett. Tortrix 8
Pseudoips Quercana (x. Tortrix Quercana Schiff.) 3843
(Prelinnean) Geoffroy Histoire Abreges des Insectes vol. 2, p. 172 no.
124 “la chappe verte a bande.”
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Tor. A. 1. proposes the name quer-
cana for “la Chappe verte a bande” of Geoffroy.
Cochlidion Testudo (Bombyx Testudo Fabr.) 3850
(1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. Bom. V. 1.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect., Bombyx no. 116
VIII. Tineat I. certae
Canephora Graminella (Tinea Graminella Schiff.) 3854
1764 Geoff. Hist. abr. des Insectes 11, 203 no. 51; “la teigne & four-
reau de paille composé.”
1776 Den. and Schiff. Syst. Verz. p. 133, 291, proposes the name
Graminella for “la teigne 4 fourreau de paille composé.”
1793-1827 Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schm. Tin. 1?
Enyphantes Gelatella (P. Tinea Gelatella Linn.)
1761 Linn. Fauna Suecica no. 1450 oe
1J think there is no doubt in fact of this equation; Hiibner having changed the
name of the species on transferring it to the Pyralids, in accordance with the
rule of the time. It is a synonym of cu/culatella Linn. Tinea no. 258 (ed. xii,
no. 376), and has also been placed in the old genus Tortrix.
2Listed as a synonym of vestitella (vestita esp.) in the Verzeichniss. Given as
a synonym of uwnicolor Hufn. by Staud. and Rebel.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 201
176— Clerck Icones PI. 8, fig. 5 (congelatella)
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. T. 344
Brosis Granella (P. Tinea granella Linn.) 3890
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. T. 259
1767 Linn. Syst. Nats Edi xu P. i377
Ses Pellionella (P. Tinea pellionella Linn.) 3869
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. T. 254
1767 Winns Syst. Nate de xais Pai. 372
IL. incertae
Tetrachila Conchella (Tinea Conchella Fabr.) — . 3489?
(1775 Schiff. Syst. Verz. Tinea B. 6.—undescribed)
1787 Fabr. Mantissa Insect. Tinea 301
Hypthantes Evonymella (P. Tinea Evonymella Linn.) 3984
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. T. 239
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. T. 350
Ill. mirabiles
Elasmion Geerella (P. Tinea DeGeerella L.) 4031
WSeAbinne syst. Nate. Eidsxe Pa i 286
176— Clerck Icones Pl. 12, fig. 3 (degeerella)
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. T. 426 (DeGeerella)
Coleophora Anatipennella (P. T. Anatipennella Hiibn.) 4175
1796 (2) Hiibner Samml. Eur. Schmett. Tinea 186
Phyllonorycter Rajella (P. Tinea Rajella Linn.) 4118
Wasiinna syste Nate ce xaseall. 298
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. T. 447
IX. Atucirae I. indubidatae (sic)
Pterophora Pentadactyla (P. A. pentadactyla Linn.) 4194
1758 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. x, P. A. 304
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. A. 459?
Ripidophora Hexadactyla (P. Alucita hexadactyla Linn.) 4196
(7 So iene syst. Nate dex PAs 05
1767 Linn. Syst. Nat., Ed. xii, P. A. 460
THE BRONZED CUTWORM (NEPHELODES EMMEDONIA
CRAMER) (LEPIDOPTERA).
By S. E. Crump, U.S. Bureau of Entomology.
The mature larva of the bronzed cutworm is described rather
fully in the following pages as a contribution toward a classifi-
1[t is uncertain apparently to which of two closely related species this name
belongs.
_ *Fixes type of Pterophorus Geoffroy, of which it is an obvious emendation.
202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
cation of noctuid larvae, since this is the only representative of
the genus reported from the United States. The other early
stages of this common species apparently have not been prev-
iously described.
LARVA.
SixtH Insrar (Mature) Larva.
In this larva the body is dark brown with a bronzy sheen; there are 3 broad,
sharply defined, dorsal pale lines; and the head is concolorous with the dorsum.
A remarkable anatomical feature is the absence of seta IIc on the prothorax.
This is present a little posterior to seta Ic in all other noctuid larvae which
the writer has examined.
Head 4.2 to 4.5 mm. broad. Body about 35 to 45 mm. long and 9 mm.
broad; broadening gradually posteriorly to the seventh abdominal segment;
skin set closely with small, dark, isolated, round, nearly flat, shining granules;
general color dark brown with a distinct bronzy sheen, distinctly paler ven-
trally. A broad sharply defined but subdued middorsal pale line. Similar
broader subdorsal lines. An ill-defined pale line including setigerous tubercle
III. A broad waxy white band below the spiracles. Spiracles black. Setiger-
ous tubercles minute, their arrangement as in figure 1. Claw of leg with the
base broadly rounded, not at all angulate. Each anterior proleg with about
10 stout crochets. Head concolorous with the dorsum with faint darker
reticulation, the ocelli unusually small, III and IV widely separated. Cervical
shield black, shining, with 3 equal pale lines. Anal shield black with 3 pale
lines.
Mouth Parts ——Spinneret scarcely twice as long as broad, the lateral margins
nearly parallel, the apical margin simple, convex (fig. 3). Labial palpus with
the segments in the proportionate length of 22 (basal), 4.5, and 16.5. The
apical papilla on the basal segment twice as long as the second segment (fig. 5).
Mandible large, heavy, with 5 rather ill-defined teeth (fig. 2). Hypopharynx
with the fore part densely clothed with spines, much coarser laterally. Lobes
of the maxillulae and gorge set sparsely throughout with rather coarse spines.
Free margin of the blade of the maxillulae with about 13 coarse, rather short,
flat, triangular, toothlike processes. Two of the three setae on the first segment
of the maxillary palpus strap-shaped with pointed tips.
Head Setae and Punctures (figs. 4, 6, 7).—A?® approximately equidistant from
A! and A; A? somewhat nearer to A? than to A!; A? decidedly nearer to A?
than to P#; A@ apparently normally about equidistant from A? and A’; A?
nearer to A? than to P4; A3 slightly less than the ocellar width from ocellus IJ;
line joining the bases of A? and O? passes through ocellus I; interspace A?-A#
somewhat less than P!—P@; P4, A? and A? (also A%) not approximately in a
straight line; P? decidedly nearer to Adf® than to Adf! and distinctly above
the level of Adf?; Adf? twice as near to P! as to P?; P> twice as near to P? as to
P!; Adf? about twice as near to Adf® as to Adf!; Adf? far above the apex of
the front; F on the line of F!; O1 on the line connecting the centres of ocelli
IV and VI; O? slightly nearer to A* than to O!; O? decidedly nearer to A? than
to L1; O4 less than the ocellar width from ocellus VI and nearer to VI than to
O3; ocellus VI slightly nearer to O! than to O%—sometimes equidistant; L!
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 203
about 3 times as near to L@ as to O?; SO@ distinctly anterior to SO%, and 3 or
more times as near to SO? as to SO?; SO slightly nearer to G! than to O%; G!
distinctly nearer to O% than to SO?; G* approximately equidistant from G!
and O; G! distinctly nearer to G4 than to O%; G! minute.
Firry Insrar Larva.
Head 3 mm. broad. Body about 27 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, gradually
enlarging posteriorly. Coloration as in the mature larva with the pale stripes
somewhat more prominent.
FourtH Insrar Larva.
Head 2.1 mm. broad. Body about 16 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, tapering
gradually from the metathorax posteriorly; skin set with minute slightly iso-
lated granules; general color green, finely obscurely flecked with pale, including
the venter. With narrow subdued middorsal, subdorsal and subspiracular
pale bands, the band below the spiracles suffused with purplish. A deeper
green in a band above the spiracles. Head greenish flecked with pale fuscous.
Cervical and anal shields concolorous with adjacent parts. Spiracles black.
Tubercles and their setae inconspicuous.
Tuirp Insrar Larva.
Head 1.2 mm. broad. Body about 13 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, taper-
ing from the mesothorax to the blunt posterior extremity; skin set with incon-
spicuous small, rounded, fuscous granules; general color bright green with
subdued white middorsal, subdorsal and subspiracular bands, the latter including
a band of purplish. Head white flecked with fuscous. Cervical and anal
shields concolorous with adjacent parts.
Seconp Instar Larva.
Head 0.81 mm. broad. Body about 5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, tapering
gradually to the blunt posterior extremity; skin set very closely with fine longi-
tudinal granules having fuscous borders and somewhat more closely massed
along the white markings, upon which they are obsolete; general color pale
olivaceous with prominent middorsal, subdorsal, and subspiracular stripes and
a pair of lines above the spiracles, white. Spiracles black. Setigerous tuber-
cles of body small, fuscous, their setae brown, about one-ninth the length of
an abdominal segment, very slightly enlarged apically. Head white, very
conspicuously closely freckled with dark fuscous. Cervical and anal shields
nearly concolorous with adjacent parts, flecked with dark fuscous.
First Insrar Larva.
Head 0.51 mm. broad. Body about 3 to 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad,
gradually tapering from the prothorax posteriorly; skin set dorsally and ven-
trally with conspicuous, coarse, isolated, rounded, brown, granules; general
color whitish to pale olivaceous with middorsal, subdorsal and a pair of supra-
spiracular lines white, distinct, and a broad white band below the spiracles.
204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Spiracle dark. Setigerous tubercles all of about equal size, small, dark, their
setae heavy, clavate, brown, about one-fifteenth the length of an abdominal
segment. Legs pale, the apical segment infuscated. Functional prolegs on
abdominal segments 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10. Head pale brown with slightly darker
close-set freckles. Cervical shield distinct, brownish with dark margins. Anal
shield distinct, large semicircular.
PUPA.
Pupa about 23 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, wing cases and appendage cases
coarsely rugulose, spiracles narrow, somewhat oblique, anterior third of mov-
able abdominal segments finely, closely punctured, cremaster a cylindrical
process longitudinally rugulose, bearing apically two rather short stout spines.
EGG.
Egg round in outline, broadly elliptical in profile, 0.93 mm. broad and 0.77
mm. high, with about 250 minute ribs which bear very minute isolated papillae,
transverse lines not noticeable. A few days after deposition the upper half
of the egg becomes more or less marked with pale pink which changes shortly
to plumbeous. Eggs deposited October 3 were dissected December 11 and
contained fully developed but nearly motionless larvae.
Eggs deposited in September and October do not hatch until
January or February, and hatching may continue over a con-
siderable period in eggs which were deposited on the same night.
Three larvae hatched on January 20, 1917, from a lot of eggs
deposited September 28, 1916, which had been kept outdoors in
a moist sunny place. Much snow was on the ground at this
time at Clarksville, Tennessee, where these observations were
made, and the weather had only just begun to moderate after a
protracted cold spell during which the temperature fell to near
zero on several occasions. Larvae which hatched on January
31 when the mercury stood at 70° Fahrenheit were subjected
almost at once to a falling temperature and on the night of
February 2, the temperature fell to 5° Fahrenheit. Although
these larvae had had no food since hatching they were still alive
on February 8.
It is difficult to conceive of any great advantage the species
gains by subjecting this grass-feeding larva to the hardships
which its hatching period impose upon it, but it is evident that
these larvae possess remarkable qualifications for meeting these
difficulties.
DISTRIBUTION.
This species has been reported in some cases as occurring
throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, but
the records available to the writer indicate that it is limited to
the northern portion of this region, with Colorado, Kansas,
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 205
Missouri, Tennessee and Virginia marking the approximate
southern limit of its range.
FOOD PLANTS.
The larva has a marked preference for grasses and cereal
plants as food, but it has been reported as feeding on the buds
and leaves of fruit trees.
SEASONAL HISTORY.
The following observations on the seasonal history of the
bronzed cutworm are based on conditions at Clarksville, Ten-
nessee. This is a one-brooded species. Larvae begin to ma-
ture and enter the soil early in April, and most of them have
ceased their activity by early in May, although some are oc-
casionally found until the latter part of May. These larvae,
after a long resting period, begin pupating in July, and moths
begin to make their appearance about the middle of September
and continue on the wing until about the middle of October.
Eggs deposited in September and October hatch in January and
February.
In common with a large group of single-brooded species of the
cutworm type, the bronzed cutworm has a period of retarded
development in its seasonal history. These species tend to be
of northern distribution, and the higher average temperature
encountered as they advance into more southern latitudes tends
to shorten the time necessary for the completion of the cycle
of development. In order that the various features of the
seasonal history may be fixed as to seasonal occurrence, the life
cycle must be made to occupy a full year. This is accomplished,
in the group under consideration, by prolonging the period of
retarded development as the species advances southward to
compensate for the tendency toward acceleration in develop-
ment.
This retardation rarely occurs in the adult, but all of the other
stages of the insect are utilized commonly in one or another of
the species. In the case of the bronzed cutworm, retardation
occurs in both the larval and egg stages, about six months of the
year being spent in a quiescent state in northern Tennessee.
One surprising result of this slowing-up of the activities of the
insect as it advances southward is that the moths emerge in
northern Tennessee distinctly later than they do in Canada!
or Illinois.2. It will be readily seen that there must be a definite
1Grpson, A.—1915. “‘Cutworms and Their Control,” Bulletin No. 10, Ento-
mological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Canada, p. 29.
2Forses, S. A—1904. “The More Important Insect Injuries to Indian
Corn,” Bull. No. 95, Univ. Illinois Ag. Ex. Sta., p. 360.
PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
PLATE 1]
ORM.
CRUMB—THE BRONZED CUTW
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 207
limit to the period which the species can occupy in a quiescent
state, and therefore there may be a definite southern limit be-
yond which the species can not maintain itself owing to this fact
and owing possibly to abnormalities in the period of emergence
as indicated above.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.
Fig. 1.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Setal maps of first and second thoracic and
first, second, third, seventh, eighth and ninth abdominal segments
of larva.
Fig. 2.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Mandible of larva.
Fig. 3.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Spinneret of larva.
Fig. 4.—Nephelodes emmedonia; Head capsule of larva, dorsal view showing
arrangement of setae and punctures.
Fig. 5.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Labial palpus of larva.
Fig. 6.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Head capsule of larva, ventral view of right
side, showing arrangement of setae and punctures.
Fig. 7.—Nephelodes emmedonia: Head capsule of larva, lateral view, showing
arrangement of setae and punctures.
Explanation of Symbols applied to Larva.
A}, A®?, A’, Aa, Ab=anterior setae and punctures of epicranium.
Adf!, Adf?, Adf*=adfrontal setae and punctures of epicranium.
E!, E?=epistomal setae.
F!, F4=frontal seta and puncture.
G1, G2=genal seta and puncture of epicranium.
L!, L?=lateral seta and puncture of epicranium.
O!, O?, O8, O2=ocellar setae and puncture of epicranium.
P1, P?, Pa, P>=posterior setae and punctures of epicranium.
SO!, SO?, SO’, SO*=subocellar setae and puncture of epicranium.
X=ultraposterior setae of epicranium.
I, I, Il, IV, V, VI =ocelli.
NORTH AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS PANURGINUS.
By J. C. Crawrorp, North Carolina Department of Agriculture.
Work of this group of bees was begun several years ago in
Washington and is based on the collection of the U. S. Na-
tional Museum, where the types of the species described in this
paper as new are deposited. To this material there is added a
species taken during work on the project of a Biological survey
of North Carolina.
The key to species includes all those known to the author
which are described in the male sex, but two varieties of P.
clypeatus based on antennal and venational characters are not
included.
208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Genus PANURGINUS Nylander.
Synonym.—Greeleyella Cockerell,
Birkmania (sic) Viereck.
Although the genotype of Panurginus is not well known, in
Europe many species have been assigned to this genus. Ap-
parently they are correctly placed and 1f so, the American species
formerly put in the genus Greeleyella must be transferred to
Panurginus. The European subgenus Epimethia and also
P. hispanicus will, I think, have to be excluded. The Ameri-
can species formerly referred to the genus must, as stated by
Mr. Charles Robertson, be placed in Pseudopanurgus.
Panurginus Nyl. Auct. is easily recognized by the first re-
current vein being either subinterstitial or received by the first
cell near apex or by the second cell almost at base. In Pseudo-
panurgus the first recurrent is received by the second cell far
from base. In the males of Panurginus the eighth sternite is
expanded apically and the sixth, which is heavily chitinized
has an apical cavity usually bounded by a carina for the re-
ception of the expanded portion of the eighth sternite; in
Pseudopanurgus the sixth sternite is thin, almost membraneous
and medially deeply emarginate or cleft almost to base.
The following key is based on pinned specimens and it should
be noted, regarding the process on the sixth sternite, that, in
morrisoni, it appears much more preapical than when mounted
in balsam; also that in nigrellus it seems much more deeply
emarginate. As the sixth, seventh and eighth sternites show
good specific characters, they are illustrated for all the species
known to me.
Key to the Males.
Ll. Waceentirely black ive ste ee ce ee 2;
Clypeut)at least in part lighticolor..2° 22. ee 4.
2. Mesoscutum dull, strongly reticulately lineolated practically all over; pro-
cess on 6th sternite partly preapical, strongly elevated, slightly emar-
ginate apically, sides strongly reflexed.....................--..------ morrisoni, n. Sp.
Mesoscutum weakly reticulately lineolated only anteriorly, rest smooth
and shiny; process of 6th sternite caudad of posterior margin and
appearing deeply emarginate apically, sides not strongly reflexed__._____.. oF
3. Process of 6th sternite deeply emarginate, the prongs subparallel thickened
ane truncate apicallys = eer. sees eee ee eee nigrellus, n. sp.
Process not deeply emarginate (though appearing so in dry specimens),
prongs widely divergent and rounded apically_............ atriceps Cress.
4 Alibiac wellow 2.2 tp cess oy Se ee eee eee eee beardsleyi Ckll.
Tibiae dark, at most a yellow stripe on front and hind pair... 5.
5. Mesonotum strongly lineolate, almost impunctate........ potentillae Cwfd.
Mesonotum not distinctly lineolate, distinctly punctured... 6.
6. Mark on clypeus not reaching upper margin and usually confined to a trans-
verse band near apical margin... .aeoscececeecceeceeee tenets atramontensis, n. sp.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 209
Glypeusrallilishtiexceptvaterallanglegses 2 eee eee Ue
7. Abdomen strongly lineolate, with very weak scattered punctures; lineo-
lation distinct on 2d segment; propodeum mostly covered with fine
crowded punctures, at extreme base weakly rugulose____.-.-.-..--..------------------- 8.
Abdomen smooth or partly weakly lineolate, with distinct though small
punctures, especially on 2d segment where lineolation is not apparent;
base of propodeum)! rugosealmost to apex. 22. ee 2
8. Antennae short, reaching tegulae; 2d joint of funicle wider than long;
fallowingeyoinesisub Gta civ tej oer ee re polytricha Ckll.
Antennae reaching beyond tegulae; joints of fanicle longer than wide............
occidentalis Cwfd.
9. Process on 6th ventral segment strongly bearded, hind tibiae with a yellow
mark beneath basally -.......... PY Sc 2 2 ee ee en ee bakeri, n. sp.
Process on 6th ventral segment not bearded ~......-...-...-------.-. clypeatus Cress.
Panurginus morrisoni, new species (Fig. 4).
Male.—Length, 7 mm. Black, with no light markings on face or legs; head and
thorax with long dirty whitish pubescence and dull from minute reticulate
sculpture that on head above antennae resembles small thimble-like punctures
or with less magnification granulations; face sparsely punctured with small
shallow punctures which are hardly discernable in the coarse ground roughening;
tips of mandibles reddish, crossing over each other only slightly; third joint of
antennae slightly longer than fourth, no longer than fifth; mesonotum more
shiny than head, sparsely and finely punctured; propodeum dull, dorsal surface
with strong granular or fine thimble-like sculpture, truncation with similar
but finer and shallower sculpture; wings slightly yellowish, stigma and veins
light brown; legs dark brown; abdomen brownish black, shiny, reticulately
lineolated.
Type and three paratypes with the record, Stanford Uni-
versity, March, 24, 1910; two paratypes from Strawberry Bend,
Corte Madre Creek, near Stanford Univ., Apr. 4, 1915 (Harold
Morrison coll.); three paratypes, swept from Ranunculus
beyond Felt Lake, Stanford Univ., March 4, 1915 (H. Morrison
coll.); all from the collection of H. Morrison.
Panurginus atriceps (Cresson) (Fig. 9).
Synonym.—Calliopsis atriceps Cresson.
The U.S. National Museum contains one male from Olympia,
Wash., from the Ashmead collection.
This species 1s very similar to morrisoni but is distinguished
by the characters given in the key. The third antennal joint
is distinctly longer than 4th or 5th, and the mandibles cross each
other markedly, reaching over half way from point of crossing
to base of opposing mandible; the face is more shiny than
Morrisoni.
210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
Panurginus nigrellus, new species (Fig. 7).
Male.—Length, 6 mm. Similar to the two preceding species but differenti-
ated as indicated in the key; third antennal joint no longer than fifth; mandibles
about as in atriceps.
Type and 5 paratypes with the record, near Stanford Uni-
versity, California, Strawberry Bend, Gorte Madero Creek,
April ao is: Harold Morrison, Collector.
Additional specimens as follows:
Near Stanford University, California, Corte Madero Creek,
April 4, 1915, Harold Morrison, Collector, 5 specimens; near
Stanford University, California, Corte Madero Creek, April 11,
1915, Harold Morrison, Collector, 2 2 specimens; Corte Madero
Creek, May 125 Ds: R. Stinchfield, Collector, on flowers of
Arbutus menzusii; 1 specimen; near Stanford University,
California, Canyon, lower end, April 4, 1915, Harold Morrison,
Collector, 1 specimen.
Panurginus beardsleyi (Cockerell) (Fig. 10).
Synonymy.—Greeleyella beardsleyi Cockerell.
Panurginus malvastri Cockerell and Swenk.
This is a species in which the sternites are modified to a re-
markable degree.
Panurginus potentillae (Crawford) (Fig. 2).
Synonymy .—Greeleyella potentillae Crawford.
The range of this species is considerably extended by the tak-
ing of specimens at Raleigh, N. C., and at Bryson City, N. C.
Whenever accompanied by flower records, they are always
shown to be found on Poftentilla.
Panurginus atramontensis, new species (Fig. 1).
Type, male. Length,5 mm. Black, shining, head and thorax thinly clothed
with long glittering white pubescence; head with scattered weak punctures;
face below antennae smooth; above insertion of antennae tesselate and sparsely
punctured, tesselation fading out towards orbits and above eyes where it is en-
tirely smooth and sparsely punctured, as are cheeks; clypeus with a trans-
verse light yellowish mark near apex (in certain paratypes this mark expanded
above so as to be triangular); antennae long, about reaching propodeum, flagel
reddish beneath; mesonotum polished, sparsely punctured, pleurae tesselated,
with scattered fine punctures; base of propodeum with a few irregular rugae
reaching apex, rest of surface of propodeum finely tesselate; tegulae dark with a
large dark testaceous spot; wings slightly yellowish, stigma and nervures brown,
the first and second recurrent nervures received slightly before the transverse
cubiti (in some paratypes the first recurrent almost interstitial); legs black,
knees and basal joint of fore and mid tarsi ivory color, basal joint of hind tarsi
ivory color with a dark brown stripe behind (in certain paratypes practically
all brown); apical tarsal joints testaceous; abdominal tergites beyond the first
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28
B
Misceientalts
10. beards\eyt C
CRAWFORD—_NORTH AMERICAN BEES.
PLATE 13 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH,, VOL. 28
VY +
i
Latta montensis C
Mf j
ay
B
a 2k potenti llae C
“es 3 bakeri G a
; 4
A * 4. Norrisoni- C
og
A S. clypeatus fe
CRAWFORD—NORTH AMERICAN BEES.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 213
smooth, polished and practically impunctate; first segment, finely tesselated
and with fine, scattered punctures, very thinly clothed with short white hairs.
Female. Length, 6 mm. Similar to the male, except in secondary sexual
characters and with the pubescence distinctly ochraceous; face entirely black,
as is the basal joint of all tarsi but second to fourth tarsal joints very light tes-
taceous; face with a tesselated area below the insertion of each antennae;
mesoscutum tesselated along all margins, most apparent at anterior lateral
angles; second recurrent nervure practically interstitial.
Type locality —Swannanoa, N. C.
Described from nine males and one female taken by the
author on June 9 and 11, 1924, the type pair in coitu.
Although a careful search was made in the vicinity in which
this material was taken flying, no specimens could be found on
any flower.
Panurginus polytricha Cockerell (Fig. 8).
Synonym.—Birkmania andrenoides Viereck.
The National Museum contains a long series of this species
from the C. F. Baker collection, from Louisiana.
Panurginus occidentalis (Crawford) (Fig. 6).
Synonym.—Greeleyella occidentalis Crawford.
I have seen no material except the original.
Panurginus bakeri, new species (Fig. 3).
Male. Length, 6 mm. Black with long glittering white pubescence; cly-
peus lemon yellow; face below antennae shiny, sparsely punctured, above
satiny from fine roughening; antennae reddish beneath, third joint subquadrate,
hardly longer than fourth; mesonotum smooth, shiny, sparsely punctured;
pleurae, finely lineolated, shiny; propodeum finely regulose; tegulae dark; wings
brownish; veins dark brown; first recurrent vein received by second cubital
cell near base, or subinterstitial; legs dark, a stripe on front of fore tibiae, mid
knees, basal joint of all tarsi and a stripe on under side of hind tibiae at base,
lemon yellow; small joints of tarsi becoming more reddish; abdomen somewhat
brownish, shiny, sparsely punctate, first segment almost impunctate; process
of 6th sternite bearded apically.
Type locality —Colorado.
Described from 5 specimens from the C.F. Baker collection
with the following Baker numbers: 1580, 1581, 1582, 2019.
Similar to c/ypeatus Cresson but differing in the apical ventral
plates and easily recognized by the yellow mark on lower edge
of hind tibiae at base.
Panurginus clypeatus (Cresson) (Fig.5).
Synonym.—Calliopsis clypeata Cresson.
The variety calochorti Ckll. is based on specimens with dark
antennae and verus Ckll. on specimens with “the deeper mar-
214 ~=pROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
ginal cell, rounded instead of angled at its upper apical corner
and the second abdominal segment more closely and evidently
punctured.”
Panurginus armaticeps Cockerell.
This species is unknown to me in the male sex.
EXPLANATION OF PLaTE 12.
Fig. 1.—Panurginus atramontensis Crawford: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite;
c, 8th sternite.
Fig. 2.—Panurginus potentillae Crawford: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
Fig. 3.—Panurginus bakeri Crawford: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c, 8th
sternite.
Fig. 4.—Panurginus morrisoni Crawford: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
Fig. 5.—Panurginus clypeatus (Cresson): a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
ExpLANATION OF Pirate 13.
Fig. 6.—Panurginus occidentalis (Crawford): a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite;
c, 8th sternite.
Fig. 7.—Panurginus nigrellus Crawford: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
Fig. 8.—Panurginus polytricha Cockerell: a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
Fig. 9.—Panurginus atriceps (Cresson): a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c, 8th
sternite.
Fig. 10.—Panurginus beardsleyi (Cockerell): a, 6th sternite; b, 7th sternite; c,
8th sternite.
NEW CACTUS BEETLES. »
By W. S. FisHer, U.S. Bureau of Entomology.
The beetles described below were obtained in connection
with the prickly-pear insect investigations that are being con-
ducted by the Commonwealth of Australia at Uvalde, Texas,
and were sent for identifications by Leith F. Hitchcock. Mr.
Hitchcock is anxious to have names for these species to use in
papers dealing with cactus insects.
Moneilema (Moneilema) nigriventris, n. sp.
Form elongate, moderately convex, only slightly ventricose, and the surface
subopaque, black, except the elytra which have a feeble reddish tinge, and each
elytron ornamented with an obsolete vitta of very short, white hairs extending
from the middle to the apex.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 215
Head slightly depressed between the antennal tubercles, sparsely, minutely
punctate, with a few coarser punctures toward the sides, and sparsely clothed
with very short, inconspicuous pubescence; clypeal suture impressed, but ab-
breviated at the sides; antennae about three-fourths as long as the body, rather
robust, and gradually tapering to the apex; first joint long, robust, acute exter-
nally at apex, and the surface with a few widely separated punctures; fourth
joint broadly annulated with whitish pubescence at base, and joints three to
five with more or less whitish pubescence on the under side.
Pronotum about one-fourth wider than long, the sides nearly parallel and
very unevenly arcuate, and without trace of visible tubercle or spine; sparsely,
irregularly punctate over entire surface, and the punctures becoming coarser
and denser toward the sides.
Elytra nearly two times as long as wide, regularly oblong-oval, widest near
middle, strongly convex, and the flanks rounded and not very abruptly deflexed;
sides very broadly rounded at humeral angles, and broadly, transversely sin-
uate at the tips; surface with feeble, broad, wavy, longitudinal lines (more dis-
tinct in female), coarsely, irregularly punctate on basal half, the punctures be-
coming obsolete on apical half, and somewhat scabrous on the deflexed area
near base.
Abdomen feebly convex, smooth, and nearly impunctate; last ventral seg-
ment entirely black, broadly, arcuately emarginate at the apex in the male, and
broadly rounded in the female; last dorsal segment uniformly black. Legs
smooth and not distinctly punctate, and the femora of the female much less
inflated than in the male; both sexes with the first three joints of anterior tarsi
spongy pubescent beneath; first joint of posterior tarsi not spongy pubescent
beneath, the second and third densely so throughout though divided by a very
fine line.
Length, male 15 mm., female 20 mm.; width, male 6.5 mm., female 8 mm.
Type Jlocality—Texas Panhandle (between Dumas and
Stratford).
Type and allotype—Cat. No. 29363, United States National
Museum.
Described from two specimens, male type and female allo-
type collected at the type locality during June, 1926, by Leith
F. Hitchcock. .
This species is closely allied to appressa Leconte, but can be
at once distinguished from that species by the entirely black
fifth dorsal and ventral abdominal segments, which are more or
less red in appressa. The labrum is also black in xigriventris
and not red as in appressa.
Moneilema (Collapteryx) mexicanum, n. sp.
Form small, elongate, moderately convex, only slightly ventricose, and the
surface glabrous, feebly shining, and uniformly black.
Head rather deeply but obtusely depressed between the antennal tubercles,
rather densely, minutely punctate, and with a few vague, coarse punctures in-
216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
termixed; clypeal suture feebly impressed; antennae about two-thirds as long ’
as the body, moderately robust, and gradually tapering to the apex; first joint
long, robust, not at all armed, truncate and widest at apex, and densely, minutely
punctate; fourth joint feebly, broadly annulated with whitish pubescence at
base.
Pronotum only slightly wider than long, the sides nearly parallel, and armed
with a short, obtuse tubercle just behind the middle; surface smooth, impunc-
tate, except for a few deep punctures in front of the scutellum.
Elytra nearly one and three-fourths times as long as wide, oblong-oval, widest
near middle, strongly convex, and the flanks rounded and not very abruptly
deflexed; sides obtusely rounded at humeral angles, and very broadly rounded
at the tips; surface obsoletely wavy, coarsely, irregularly punctate except on
sutural region posteriorly, and the punctures deeply impressed and widely
separated.
Abdomen feebly convex, nearly impunctate, and clothed with a few short,
inconspicuous hairs; last segment entirely black, and broadly, arcuately emar-
ginate at the apex. Legs robust, gradually expanded toward the apex, and the
surface with a few coarse, vague punctures; first three joints of anterior tarsi
spongy pubescent beneath; first joint of posterior tarsi spongy pubescent at
the sides, the second and third spongy pubescent throughout.
Length, 13 mm.; width, 5 mm.
Type locality Pachuca, Mexico.
Type and paratype-—Cat. No. 29365, United States National
Museum.
Described from two males (one type) collected at the type
locality during May, 1926.
This species is closely allied to crassa Leconte, but it is smaller,
more slender, and the pronotum has only a few punctures in
front of the scutellum.
Moneilema (Collapteryx) punctipennis, n. sp.
Form short and robust, moderately convex, strongly ventricose, and the sur-
face glabrous, moderately shining, and uniformly black.
Head rather deeply but obtusely depressed between the antennal tubercles,
rather densely, minutely punctate, with a few deep, coarse punctures intermixed,
especially toward the sides, and clothed with a few short, inconspicuous hairs;
clypeal suture deeply impressed, and with a few coarse punctures from which
arises a long, stiff, black hair; antennae about two-thirds as long as the body,
robust, and strongly tapering to the apex; first joint long, robust, cylindrical,
gradually expanded to the apex, which is unarmed, and finely, minutely punc-
tate, with a few shallow, coarse punctures intermixed; joints not distinctly
annulated with whitish pubescence.
Pronotum about one-fourth wider than long, the sides nearly parallel, un-
evenly arcuate, and armed with a distinct short, obtuse tubercle just behind
the middle; surface smooth, densely minutely punctate, with a row of deep,
coarse punctures along base, and a few widely scattered, coarse, shallow punc-
tures over the surface.
PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926 ph 4
Elytra about one and one-half times as long as wide, oblong, strongly convex,
strongly deflexed behind the middle, the flanks abruptly deflexed and vertical;
sides nearly rectangular at humeral angles, vaguely, arcuately expanded to
near middle, then arcuately narrowed to the tips, which are conjointly, broadly
rounded; surface densely, very coarsely punctate except for a small area near
the apex, the punctures deep and more or less confluent toward the sides.
Abdomen rather strongly convex, obsoletely punctate, and clothed with a
few short, inconspicuous hairs; last segment entirely black, and feebly, broadly,
arcuately emarginate at the apex. Legs robust, rather strongly expanded
toward the apex, and the surface with a few coarse, vague punctures; coxae
ornamented with a distinct spot of densely placed, yellowish white pubescence;
first three joints of anterior tarsi spongy pubescent beneath; first joint of pos-
terior tarsi spongy pubescent at the sides apically, the second and third densely
so throughout though divided by a very fine line.
Length, 15 mm.; width 6 mm.
Type locality —Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.
Type and paratypes.—Cat. No. 29364, United States National
Museum.
Described from three males (one type) collected at the type
locality, April 29, 1926, by Leith F. Hitchcock. The specimens
examined are quite variable in size, measuring from 12 to 17
millimeters in length, and 5 to 8 millimeters in width.
This species can be distinguished from all other described
species of this genus by its having a nearly smooth pronotum
and very coarsely, deeply punctured elytra.
Cactophagus spinolae rubronigrum, new variety.
This form is similar to the variety va/idus Leconte in all respects except color.
The body above and beneath is of a distinct reddish black color, whereas in
validus it is uniformly black.
Length, 20-22 mm.; width, 7.5-8.5 mm.
Type locality —Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico.
Type and paraty pes —Cat. No. 29366, United States National
Museum. Two paratypes returned to Mr. Hitchcock.
Described from six examples (one type) collected at the type
locality, April 29, 1926, by Leith F. Hitchcock. At first this
form was considered merely as an immature specimen of
validus, but recently Mr. Hitchcock submitted more material,
and in a letter stated that 15 specimens were collected, and that
all of the adults seen in that locality were reddish black. Since
this seems to be a good color form, and so far as known, restricted
to a certain region, it should at least have a new varietal name.
218- PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 28, NO. 9, DEC., 1926
A NEW SATYRID FROM CHINA (LEPIDOPTERA).
By W. Scuaus, U. S. National Museum.
Palaeonympha avinoffi, new species.
Female.—Palpi white, the second joint with lateral black points, the third
with a black streak above, both with long fringe of black and white hairs in’
front. Thorax black. Abdomen white with transverse black lines. Wings
pale olive buff with a very fine terminal black line, the cilia white, dark shaded
at base. Fore wing: costa finely black; traces of a double subterminal grayish
line; an outer row of oval black spots between veins 2 and 6, the spot above vein
2 small and round. Hind wing: an outer row of five round black spots, the
spots at each end reduced to points. Wings underneath: the basal half citrine
drab, its edge slightly sinuous, the outer half white; the spots larger with bluish
white points on fore wing, and white spots on hind wing; the spots on hind wing
broadly edged with cream white and then by a fine lunular dark line; a straighter
dark line surrounds the group of spots on fore wing; a dark subterminal line
irrorated with silver scales.
Expanse, 38 mm.
Habitat—Mowchow, Szechuen, China.
Ty pe.—Cat. No. 33125, U.S. N. M.
Collected by D. C. Graham at an elevation of 3000 ft. in July.
Another female has the wings white, the dark basal half of underside more
noticeable in transparency; the ocelli reduced in size, the subterminal and
terminal lines more conspicuous. On the underside of hind wing the ocelli
margined with maize yellow.
Expanse, 42 mm.
Named in honor cf Mr. A. Avinoff, Director of the Carnegie
Museum.
Actual date of publication, Fanuary 15, 1927.
INDEX TO VOLUME 28
Acerophagus nubilipennis, n. sp., 101.
Achaea ablunaris, 18; restituta, 18; indistincta,
18; hilaris, 18.
Achatia atriplicis, 196.
Agria fuscipennis, 121.
Agrotis segetis, 196.
Avpricu, J. M., Article by, 143.
Alucita pentadactyla, 88.
Amata, 193.
Amblyteles, instars of, 31; spiracles of, 32;
parasitic habits of genus, 41-42; vadatorius,
42, 50, 51.
Ret oRoE Da; synonym of genus Amphipogon,
174.
Ametastegia glabrata, parasite of, 6.
Amorpha populi, 193.
Amphipogon, occurrence of genus in North
America, 112, 114; generic synonymy, 114;
spectrum, 112, 114; spectrum hyperboreus,
112, 114.
Anatoecus, genus, 147, 149.
Andria vinula, 194
Anteris reticulata, n. sp., 178.
Anthrenus seminiveus, injury by, 64; fasciatus,
Antophila purpurina, 197.
Apanteles artonae, n. sp., 188.
Aparamesius migriclavis, n. sp., 169.
Apatela aceris, 195.
menice of genus Myzocallia infesting bamboo,
159
Arachnids from Carlsbad Cave of New Mexi-
CO; Le
Archips oporana, 200. .
Arkansas, New species of stone cricket from,
Armitermes (A.) chagresi, 7, 14.
Artona catoxantha, New braconid parasite of,
188.
Arundinaria, Aphids on, 159-160.
Ascalapha lunaria, 197.
Asterolecanium pustulaus, New hymenopter-
ous parasites of, 100, 101.
Attelabus, New species of with notes; (Hima-
tolabus) constrictipennis, n. sp., 163; rhois,
162; callosus, 163; (H.) disparipes, n. sp.,
164; analis, 165; nigripes, 165; Pipust alate,
165; (Pilolabus) californicus, 165; (Homoe-
lolabus) coloradensis, 165.
Azenia, 16; implora, genotype, 16.
re E. A., and Cotton, R. T., Article by,
Bamboo, Aphids of genus Myzocallis on, 159.
Bambusa, Aphids on, 159-162.
Barser, H. §., Article by, 53.
Barnes, Wo., and F. H. Benjamin, Articles
by, 16, 86
Bee the genus Panurginus, North American,
20
Belyta longicollis, n. sp., 174.
Bendis, fufius, 20.
Benjamin, F. H., and Wm. Barnes, Articles
by, 16, 86.
Birds of prey, The Philopteri of, 149.
Birkmania, gen. synonym, 208.
BialspDELL, Frank E., Article by, 22.
Blepharicnema, genus, 119; splendens, 129;
auriceps, 129.
Blepharum sponsa, 197.
Boloschesis, New species of, 181; key to N.
American species of, 182; memnonia, 182,
183; moestifica, 182, 183, 185; confusa, 182,
185; prosternalis, 183, 186; subelata, n. sp.,
183, 184; scarbipennis, n. sp., 183, 184; tuber-
culata, 183; gibbosa, 183, 187; cribripennis,
183; foveolata, 183; quadrilobata, n. sp., 183,
186; maculipes, 183; texana, 183; huachucae,
184; arizonensis, 184; insularis, n. sp., 186;
plicata, 187; tuberosa, 187.
Bombycia or, 196
Bombylia stellatarum, 193.
Bombyx testudo, 200.
Boreéllus, habits of genus, 117; characters of,
119; atriceps, 128.
Bovine, Apam G., Article by, 54.
Brephos parthenias, 197.
British Guiana, Three new termitophilous
beetles from, 151.
Bronzed cutworm, Larvae of, 201-207.
Brosis granella, 201.
Bruchus gibbosus, 187.
Bryophila algae, 196.
Bucuanan, L. L., Article by, 179.
Cabbage, Foreign flea-beetle on, 139.
Cactus, new beetles from, 214.
Calliephialtes, sp., egg of, 32, 50, prepupa of,
50, larva of, 50
Calliopsis articeps, 209; clypeata, 213.
Calliphora, genus, 119; key to species of, 134;
chilensis, 123; peruviana, 123, 127, 134;
mogellanica, 123; paytensis, 123; fulvipes,
127; annulipes, 127; rufipes, 127; elongata,
134; latifrons, 134; erythrocephala, 134;
morticia, 134; irazuana, 134; nigribasis, 134;
vomitoria vomitoria, 134; v. nigribarba, 134;
coloradensis, 135; viridescens, 135.
Calliphoridae, Synopsis of American, 115; de-
scription of family, 117; key to subfamilies,
tribes and genera of, 117
Calliphorinae, Characters of subfamily, 119.
Calliphorini, habits of tribe, 117; characters
of, 119.
Campoplex tortricidis, egg of, 50.
Campylochaeta, genus, 143.
Canephora graminella, 200.
Carlsbad Cave of New Mexico, some arachnids
from, l.
Caupett, A. N., Articles by, 70, 95, 150.
Ceratopogon, notes on, 156; communis, 156;
culicoidithorax, n. sp., 156; mississippiensis,
n. sp., 157, 158; venustus, 159; stellifer, 159;
melleus, 159; furens, 159.
Ceratopogoninae, notes on, 156.
Ceroplastes rubens, parasite of, 24.
Ceuthophilus marshalli, n. sp., 95.
Chaetophlepsis, characters of genus, 144; tar-
salis, 145; townsendi, 145.
Chalcomyia, occurrence of genus in Europe,
112; subgenera of, 112; key to species of,
112; beckeri, n. sp., 113; area, 113; cyanea,
113; anomola, 113; C. (Chalcosyrphus) de-
pressa,, 113+) -atra,) 113!
Chalcosyrphus, subgenus, 113.
China, New satyrid from, 218.
Caittenben, F. H., Articles by, 139, 162.
Chlamiphora palliola, 200.
219
220
Chlamys, synonym of Boloschesis, 181.
Chleuastes piniaria, 198.
Chiprebrechugenta, genus, 118, 123; splendida,
Chloronesia andina, 122.
Chloroprocta, genus, 118; key to species of, 126;
peeASINS, 126; idioidea, 126; purpureae,
12
Chrysaor statices, 193.
Chrysomyia, genus, 118, 126; desvoidyi, 126;
idioidea, 126; viridula, 127; affinis, 127; ful-
vicrura, 127.
Chrysomyiini, Habits of tribe, 116; characters
of, 118, 124
Cimbex americana, parasite of, 6.
Clythra plicata, 187.
Coccophagus lecanii, erroneously recorded from
Japan, 24; japonicus, 24.
Cochlidion testudo, 200.
Cochliomyia, genus, 118; key to species of, 124;
macellaria, 124, 127; laniaria, 124; minima,
n. sp., 124.
CocxerReELL, T. S. A., Articles by, 142, 166.
Coitus, Sense of the term as used by Hiibner,
Coleophora, A new species of, from New York,
52; albovanescens, n. sp., 52; anatipennella,
201.
Coleopterous collection of the National Mu-
seum, Condition of, in 1906, 71.
Colorado, The genus Dixa in, 166.
Conostigmus ater, n. sp., 168.
Consul, fabius, 192.
Cosmia affinis, 196; paleacea, 196.
Roumopepla bimaculata, A new egg-parasite
of, 6
Costa Rica, New termites from, 7.
Conor R. T., and Back, E. A., Article by,
4.
Cotton weevil, new from Peru, 53.
Crawrorp, J. C., Article by, 207.
Cricket, new from Arkansas, 95.
Cropia templada, 16.
Crossy, C. R., Article by, 1.
Crump, S. E., Article by, 201.
Cuckoos, The Philopteri of, 148.
Cuculoccus, genus, 148, 149; coccygi, 148; lati-
frons, 149.
Cumming’s genera of Mallophaga, On, 149.
Cusuman, R. A., Articles by, 5, 25, 63.
Cutina inquieticolor, 19; albopunctella, geno-
type, 19.
Cyclophora pendularia, 198.
Cylindrocopturus, immature stages of genus,
57, 59, 60-62; mammillatus, 59; quercus, 59;
adspersus, 59, 61, 62; longulus, 59.
Cymatophora roboraria, 198.
Cynomyia, genus, 119; key to species of, 133;
fuscipennis, 123; auriceps, 129; mortuorum,
133; cadaverina, 133; flavipalpis, 133.
Dasychira pudibunda, 194.
Dendrocalamus, aphid on, 162.
Diaplazon laetatorius, parasitic habits of, 44.
Diaspis, 181.
Diestrammena japanica, occurring in wells, 150.
Dioctes obliteratus, egg of, 50.
Dimorpha versicolora, 194.
Diplacaspis, 181
Dipthera aprilina, 195.
Dixa, The genus in Colorado, 166; universi-
tatis, n. sp., 166; clavulus, 166
Doliopria americana, n. sp., 169
Dollabella, genus, 147, 149.
Dozier, H. L., Article by, 97.
Drepana, synonymy, 194.
Dryaspaphia, 192.
Echidna tau, 194.
Egg-parasite, New species from Illinois, 67.
Elasmion geerella, 201.
INDEX
Elophila limnalis, 199; lemnata, 199.
Emmelia trabealis, 197.
Enicospilus, spiracles of, 31.
Enyphantes gelatella, 200.
Eobanksia bittaciformis, 142.
Ephyrodes cacata, 21.
Epirrita dilutata, 199.
Epiurus pterophori, habit of, 6, 33.
Erastria amataria, 198.
Erotyla sulphurea, 197.
Erpyzon barbalis, 199.
Euaphycus portoricensis, n. sp., 101.
rae n. genus, 179; mononychus, Nn. Sp.,
Euclidia glyphica, 198.
Euclystis sytis, 20; centurialis, genotype, 20;
guerini, 20.
Eulechriops gossypii, n. sp., 53; immature
stages of, 54-62; new Urosigalphus para-
sitic on, 63:
Eulia velutinana, new parasite of, 167.
Eumorpha elpenor, 193.
Pruron SO seu sence of North American genus
in, 122.
Eusarca elinguaria, 198.
Eustrigiphilus, n. genus, 148, 149; calebrachys,
148; bubonis, 148; clypeatus, 148.
Eutrapela lunaria, 198.
Eutricha nuererolias 195.
Ewine, H. E., Article by, 145.
Fallenia, genus, 143.
Fisuer, W. S., Article by, 214.
Flea-beetle, Foreign, on cabbage in U. S., 139.
Forses, W. T. M., Article by, 191.
Fossil orthopterous insect formerly referred to
Mecoptera, 142.
Fouts, Ropert M., Article by, 167.
Bispeilis (subgenus), 129, 130; alaskensis, 129,
eae: notes on genus, 143;
Fulcidax, 181.
Gauan, A. B., Articles by, 24, 67.
Galesus punctiger, n. sp., 170.
Gelis, parasitic habits of genus, 32.
Geometra dilutata, 199.
Glaea vaccinii, 196.
Glaucopis phegea, 193; incendiaria, 193.
Gloveria arizonensis, synonymy, 21; dentata,
longicornis,
Goniozus euliae, n. sp., 167.
Graphiphora gothica, 196.
Greeleyella, gen. synonym, 208.
Grotea anguina, parasitic habits of, 41.
Hamadryas io, 192.
Hampson, quotation from, on the Hiibnerian
term, 92
Hernricu, Cart, Article by, 52.
Helia purpuralis, 199.
Heliophila pallens, 197.
Heliothis dipsacea, 197.
Hemerophila pariana, 200.
Hemilucilia, genus, 118; te to species of, 125;
fuscanipennis, 125, 12 6; segmentaria, 125;
Parva, Nn. sp., 125: townsendi, Nn. sp., 125.
Hepiolus, emended spelling for Hepialus, 88;
humuli, 195
Heraea carpini, 194.
Heteromorpha caeruleocephala, 195.
Himatolabus, cnhgenis, 162.
Hipocrita jacobaeae, 195.
Hipogymna morio, 194.
HorrMan, Ws. R., Article by, 156.
Homaeolabus, subgenus, 162.
Hiibner, Resume of the works of in regard to
nomenclature employed therein, 86; the
species of the tentamen of, 191-201.
Hydria undulata, 199.
Hylaea fasciaria, 198.
INDEX
.
Hypercompe caja, 195.
Hyphantes evonymella, 201.
Hypochaeta, notes on genus, 143, 144; longi-
cornis, 143; distincta, 144
Hypochaetopsis, characters of genus, 144; chae-
tosa, 145
Hypolimnas misippus, 20.
Hyposoter, parasitic habits of genus, 26-29;
pilosulus, instars of, 31, 43, 51
Ibidoecus, genus, 147, 149.
Ichneumon sarcitorius, 42, 50, 51.
Ichneumonidae, types of parasitism among, 29.
Idia bombycalis, 200.
Teature stages of Eulechriops gossypii, 54-
Toeropus, parasitic habits of genus, 26-29;
coelebs, 33
Isogona, synonymy, 19; natatrix, 19, 21; con-
tinua, 21; tenuis, 21.
Isoptera, change of name in, 51.
Itoplectis conquisitor, 41.
Japan, Hymenopteron erroneously recorded
from, 24.
Jaspidia spoliatricula, 195.
Kalotermes (K.) tabogae, 7, 8; (C.) emargini-
collis, 7, 12; (K.) clevelandi, n. sp., 7; joutel,
8; marginipennis, 8; (R.) kirbyi, n. sp., 9,
13; (C.) breviarticubatus, n. sp., 11; (C.)
thompsonae, 51; thompsonae, n. name, 51;
dudleyi, 51.
Lachneis catax, 195.
Larrea tridentata, n. sp. of Boloschesison, 184.
Lars sambucaria, 198.
Larvae of genera Tenebrio and Neatus Le
Conte, Taxonomic studies of, 102.
Leiobunum townsendii, 1.
Lemonias maturna, 192.
Lemur maura, 197.
Lepidoptera, New U. S. records of, 16.
Leptacis polita, n. sp., 177
Leucoma auriflua, 194.
Limnas chrysippus, 191.
Lixophaga diatreae, new parasite of, 172.
Lois lorina, synonymy, 20; juanita, 20.
Lucilia, genus, 119; key to subgenera and spec-
ies of, 129; durvilléi, 127; Viridinsula, n.
subgenus, 129; (V.) pionia, 129, 131; Fran-
cilia, 129; (F.) alaskensis, 129; subgenus
Lucilia, 129, 130, 131; (L.) sabrarum, 129,
131; thatuna, n. sp., 129, 131, 132; sericata,
129, 131; cuprina, 130, 131; argyricephala,
130; pallescens, 130; caesar, 130, 131; elon-
gata, 130, 131; ocularis, n. sp., 130, 131, 132;
rica, n. sp., 130, 131, 132; unicolor, 130, 131,
133; ibis, n. sp., 130, 132; hirtiforceps, n. sp.,
130, 131, 133; australis, 130, 131; cluvia,
130, 131, 133; ruficornis, 131; pilatei, 133;
infuscata, 133.
Luciliini, Habits of tribe, 117; characters of,
ee ipey
McAteer, W. L., Articles by, 68, 189.
Mancipium brassicae, 192
Manduca atropos, 193.
Mann, W. M., Article by, 151.
Mecoptera, Fossil orthopterous insect formerly
referred to, 142.
Megarhyssa lunator, parasitic habits of, 32.
Melalopha curtula, 194.
Melanastus, A new species from Texas, 22;
texanus, n. sp., 22; exiguus, 23.
Melanodexia, Habits of genus, 117; characters
of, 120, 136; key to the species of, 137; sa-
tanica, n. sp., 137, 138; tristis, 137; grandis,
n. sp., 137, 138.
Melanoplus borealis in New York State, 70.
Mercetiella, n. gen., 98; reticulata, n. sp., 98.
Weseabecallas Habits of genus, 116: charac-
ters of, 117; key to species of, 120; sub-
genera ‘of, 120; brunnipes, 120; pictipennis,
22!
120; umbrosa, 120; bicolor, 120; batesi, 120;
uniseta, 120; cruciata, 120; tibialis, 120;
aeneiventris, 120; purpurata, 120; semiflava,
120; fascialis, 120; spicata, 121; cyaneicincta,
121; flavicrura, 121; pauciseta, 121; randa,
121: quadrilineata, 121; dorsimacula, 121:
peregina, 121; bellardiana, 121; fulvipes, 121.
Mesembrinellinae, characters of subfamily, 117.
Mesoleius balteatus, egg of, 50.
Miselia oxyacanthae, 196.
Moneilema nigriventris, n. sp., 214; mexi-
canum, n. sp., 215; punctipennis, n. sp.,
216; spinolae rubronigrum, Me) Vahey Le
Monoblastus, 38.
Musca incerta, 123; chilensis, 123; purpureae,
Muscoid flies, notes on Hypochaeta and re-
lated genera of, 143.
Myzocallis, aphids of genus infesting bamboo,
159; arundinariae, 159, 162; arundicolens,
159, 162; bambusifoliae, 159, 161, 162; bam-
busae, 159; formosanus, 160, 161, 162; sasae,
160, 161, 162: taiwanus, n. sp., 160-162;
bambusicola, 161, 162.
Najas populi, 192.
Nasutitermes (S.) kirbyi, n. sp., 14; (C.) cleve-
landi, 15; (N.) gaigei, host of new termi-
tophilous beetles, 153, 155; (V.) beebei, hosts
of termitophilous beetles, 154, 155.
National Museum, Condition of coleopterous
collection in 1906, 71.
Neatus, Taxonomic studies of larvae of genus,
102; picipes, larvae of, 104-111.
Neophilopterus, genus, 147, 149.
Nephelodes emmedonia, Description of larvae
of, 201-207.
Neréis, Examples from, showing Hiibner’s use
SG NEN group names, 88; polymnia,
Neslia paniculata, Flea-beetle on, 140.
Neta, n. genus, 118, 123; splendens, 123; peru-
viana, 123; magellanica, 123; ortogesa, 123;
chilensis, 123; paytensis, 123.
New York, A new Coleophora from, 51; Melan-
oplus Borealis in, 70.
Nitellia, subgenus, 136.
Nocloa alcandra, 18; cordova, 18.
Noctua or, 196; purpurina, 197.
Nomenclature employed in works of Jacob
Hiibner, 86, 191-201.
Nomina conservanda from the standpoint of
the Taxonomist, 189.
Noropsis hieroglyphica, 195.
gece Occurrence of European genus
in
Nycteola degenerana, 200.
Olethreutes arcuana, 200.
Onesia, genus, 119.
Ophisma tropicalis, 19; crocimacula, 19; de-
trahens, 19; luteiplaga, 19; confudens, 19;
stigmatifera, 19; fugiens, 19: morbillosa, 19.
Oreas proserpina, 192.
Otiorhynchid, new, with single tarsal claws,
Owls, The Philapteri of, 145.
Pachys prodromaria, 199; strataria, 199.
Palaeonympha avinofh, n. sp., 218.
Palpita urticalis, 199.
Panama, new termites from, 7.
Paniscus, parasitic habits of genus, 26, 29, 38—
40; instars of, 31; cephalotes, 38; pisi, 39;
cristatus, 40, 50, “ST: ocellaris, 40, 50, 51;
virtagus, 50; pallens, 50; testaceus, 50.
Panula scindens, 19; ordinans, 19; inconstans,
Panurginus, North American bees of the genus,
207; synonymy, 208; key to the species of,
208; morrisoni, n. sp., 208, 209; nigrellus,
n. sp., 208, 210; articeps, 208, 209; beards-
i)
leyi, 208, 210; potentillae, 208, 210; atra-
montensis, n. sp., 208, 210; polytricha, 209,
213; occidentalis, 209, 213; bakeri, n. sp.,
209, 213; clypeatus, 209, 213; malvastri, 210;
andrenoides, 213; armaticeps, 214; calo-
chorti, 213; verus, 213.
Papilio polymnia, 191; heliconius, 191; chrysip-
pus, 191; maturna, 192; pophia, 192; io, 192;
populi, 192; iris, 192; proserpina, 192; circe,
192; argus, 192; machaon, 192; brassicae,
192; achivus, 192; malvae, 192.
Parahypochaeta, Characters of genus, 144;
heteroneura, 144.
Paralucilia, genus, 118; key to species of, 127;
viridula, 127; affinis, 127; fulvicrura, 127;
peruviana, 127; fulvipes, 127; durvillei, 127;
annulipes, 127.
Parasites (Hymenoptera), new, of scales from
Porto Rico, 97.
Parasitic attack, Location of individual hosts
versus systematic relation of host species
as determining factor in, 5
Parasitism, Some types of among the Ichneu-
monidae, 29.
Parerigone, n. gen., 4; probatus, genotype, 4;
contortus, 4; entomologicus, 4; tmeticus, 4;
index, 4; rectangulatus, 4; trilobatus, 4;
simplex, 4; antraea, n. sp., 4, 5.
Parora, synonym, 19; texana, genotype, 19.
Peru, A new cotton weevil from, 53.
Petrophora pentadactyla, 201.
Phalaena versicolora, 194; camelina, 194; vi-
nula, 194; hamula, 194; tau, 194; carpini,
194; morio, 194; auriflua, 194; pludibunda,
194; curtula, 194; jacobaeae, 195; caja, 195;
catax, 195; neustria, 195; quercifolio, 195;
caeruleocephala, 195; cossus, 195; humuli,
195; aceris, 195; aprilina, 195; spoliatricula,
195; oxyacanthae, 196; pyramidea, 196;
flavicincta, 196; atriplicis, 196; gothica, 196;
segetum, 196; vaccinii, 196; fulvago, 196;
affinis, 196; pallens, 197, lithoxylaea, 197;
umbratica, 197; chrysitis, 197; sulphurea,
197; dipsacea, 197; lunaris, 197; maura, 197;
sponsa, 197, parthenias, 197; glyphica, 198;
fasciaria, 198; papilionaria, 198; elinguaria,
198; sambucaria, 198; lunaria, 198; amataria,
198; pendularia, 198; grossulariata, 198;
pusaria, 198; piniaria, 198; furuata, 198;
roboraria, 198: prodromaria, 199; hastata,
199, undulata, 199; moeniata, 199: barbalis,
199: purpuralis, 199; lemnata, 199: urticata,
199; bombycalis, 200; pariana, 200; arcuella,
200; oporana, 200; degenerana, 200; gela-
tella, 200; congelatella, 200; granella, 201;
pellionella, 201; evonymella, 201; degeerella,
201; anatipennella, 201; pentadactyla, 201;
hexadactyla, 201.
Phenacoccus pergandei, parasite of, 24.
Philopteri of owls, 145; of cuckoos, 148; of
birds of prey, 149.
Philopterus. Some recent generic derivatives of
genus, 145; bubonis, 145, 147, 148; hetero-
cerus, 145; hexoptholmus, 146; remotus, 146;
ceblebrachys, 146, 147, 148; rostratus, 146,
147; cursor, 146, 147; clypeatus, 148; coccygi,
148; latifrons, 149.
Phormia, Habits of genus, 116; characters of,
119; regina, 128.
Phormiinae, Characters of subfamily, 118.
Phormiini, Characters of tribe, 118, 128.
Phryssopoda oplendens, 123.
Phyllonorycter rajella, 201.
Phyllotreta aerea, 139-141; armoraciae, 140;
vitata, 140; nigripes, 140; cruciferae, 140;
atra, 140; diademata, 140; auotriaca, 140;
consobrina, 140; nemorum, 140
Physocyclus enaulus, Derspiy Ly
IS) INDEX
Platygaster exiguae, n. sp., 175; distincta, n
sp., 176; flavitarsis, n. sp., 176
Platypteryx hamula, 194.
Plusia chrysitis, 197.
hocunides n. genus, 151; b6vingi, n. sp., 151—
Polia flavicincta, 196.
Pollenia, Habits of genus, 117; characters of,
119, 136; rudis, 136; glabricula, 136, 139:
obscura, 136; vespillo, 136.
Polleniinae, Characters of subfamily, 119.
Polleniini, ‘Characters of tribe, 135.
Polyblastus, 38.
Polysphincta, parasitic habits of genus, 26-29,
34-38; eximia, 35, 37, 44, 50; parva, 35- 47,
51; clupeata, 36-37, 50, 51; nielseni, 37;
tuberosa, Sy Sey pallipes, 37; percontatoria
gracilis, 37.
Porto Rico, New scale parasites from, 97.
Potamis, iris, 192.
Presidential address, 25.
Princeps machaon, 192.
Protocalliphora, Habits of genus, 117; charac-
ters of, 119; key to species of, 128: avium,
128, 129: asiovora, 128, 129; hirudo, 128,
129 = splendida, 128, 129; parva, 128, 129;
hirunda, 128, 129; hesperia, 128, 129; cuprea,
129; sialia, 129; aenea, 129.
Protogonius, Le ey
Protophormia, habits of genus, 117; characters
of, 119; terraenovae, 128
Pseudococcus aonidum,, New hymenopterous
parasite of, ee citri, new hymenopterous
parasite of, 102
Pseudoips quercana, 200.
Psilohelea, generic synonym, 156.
Pterophora, emended spelling for Pterophorus,
88; moeniata, 199
Ptilodon camelina, 194.
Pulvinaria citricola, parasite of, 24.
Pyralis palliolalis, 200; culculatella, 200.
Pyrophyla pyramidea, 196.
Radicula silvestris, Flea-beetle on, 140.
Rhebdopkess coloradensis, new parasite of,
Rheumaptera hastata, 199.
Ripidophora hexadactyla, 201.
Rouwer, S. A., Article by, 93, 188.
Rusticus argus, 192.
Sr. Georce, R. A., Article by, 102.
Salia salicalis, 199
Sammlung, Hiibner’s, nomenclature of, 88.
Sarconesia, genus, 118, 122; chlorogaster, 122.
Sarconesiopsis, genus, 118, 123; chilensis, 123;
caerulea, 123; fuscipennis, 123; incerta, 123,
Sarcophaga chlorogaster, 122; ortogesa, 123.
Sarcophagidae, description of family, 117.
Sasa, aphids on, 159, 160.
Satyrida, new, from China, 218.
ScHaErFeEr, Cuas., Article by, 181.
Scuaus, W., Article by, 218.
Scuwarz, E. A., Article by, 71.
Sciadion furvata, 198.
Serphoidea, New species of, 167.
Ses pellionella, 201
Sesia culiciformis, 193.
Sesioplex validus, instars of, 31, 43, 51.
SHannon, Raymonp C., Articles by, 112; 105:
Sisymbrium altissimum and S. strictitissimum,
flea-beetles on, 140.
Snyper, Tuos. E., Articles by, 7, 51.
Sphecodes pusaria, 198.
Sphecomorpha, genus, 87; incendiaria, 193.
Sphinx incendiaria, 87; filipendulae, 192; sta-
tices, 193; phegea, 193; culiciformis, 193;
pyralidiformis, 193; stellatarum, 193; el
penor, 193; atropos, 193; populi, 193.
Spilomicrus virginicus, n. sp., 168; kiefferi, 169.
Spilote grossulariata, 198.
INDEX
Steringomyia, genus, 119; key to epecier. of,
134; aldrichi, 134; popoffana, 134; alpina,
Le alaskensis, 134; montana, n. sp., 134,
Stilobezzia coquilleti, 158.
Stiriodes, 16; obtusa, genotype, 16; edentata,
7 procida, 17; nepotica, 17; umbria, fe
Stirpes, Hiibner’s use of, 88~ 92.
Strigiphilus, genus, 145, 149.
Synolabus, subgenus, 162.
Tachina longicornis, 143; coracina, 143; dis-
tincta, 143.
Taxanasul, Royicut, Article by, 159.
Takecallis bambusae, 159.
Taphacris bittaciformis, 142; reliquata, 142;
bittaciformis tillyardi, n. var., 142
Taxonomy (Insect), Preserving a sense of pro-
portion in, 68; nomina conservanda, 189.
Tegenaria antrias, n. sp., 2, 5.
Boenornus cosmopeplae, n. sp., 67; utahensis,
Tenebrio, Taxonomic studies of larvae of genus,
102; molitor, larvae of, 104-111; obscurus
larvae of, 104-111; opacus, larvae of, 104-
111; picipes, 104, 106.
Tentamen of Jacob Hiibner, 86; the species of,
191-201; original references for genotypes
proposed in, 191-201.
Teredo cossus, 195.
Termites, Five new from Panama and Costa
Rica, 7
Termitonicus, n. genus, 153; mahout, n. sp.,
Termitophilous beetles, Three new, from Brit-
ish Guiana, 151.
Termitospectrum, n. genus, 154; thoracicum,
n. sp., 155.
Terpne papilionaria, 198.
Tetrachila conchella, 201.
Texas, New Melanastus from, 22.
Therion morio, 31, 43, 51.
Thersilochus conotracheli, 31, 43, 50.
Thrichoda neustria, 195.
223
Thyris, genus, 88; pyralidiformis, 193; fene-
strella, 193; fenestrina, 193.
Tinea graminella, 200; vestitella, 200; unicolor,
200; conchella, 201.
Tortrix quercana, 200.
Toxotarsini, Characters of tribe, 118, 122.
Toxotarsus, genus, 118; rufipalpis, 122.
Tribonophora umbratica, 197.
Trichopria (Planopria) cubensis, n. sp., 171;
(Trichopria) popenoei, n. sp., 172; (T.) ili
noiensis, 173; (T.) abdominalis, n. sp., 174.
Trixoneura, n. genus, 118, 121; fuscipennis,
121; rufipalpus, 122.
Trixoneurini, n. tribe, 118, 121.
Tromatobia, parasitic habits of genus, 32.
Tryphon, 38
ae States, Foreign cabbage flea-beetle in,
139%
Urbanus malvae, 192.
Urosigalphus, new species of parasitic on Eu-
lechriops gossypii, 63; Eulechrispis, n. sp., 63.
U. S., New lepidoptera records of, 16.
Verzeichniss, Hiibner’s, nomenclature of, 89;
oat references to species of Tentamen, 191—
201.
Vespa communis, 93-94; westwoodii, 93-94;
ua gculiecns: 93-94; germanica, 94; flavida,
Vespula maculifrons, synonymy of, 93—94.
Vie sinenles n. subgenus, 129, 131; pionia, 129
131
Wells, Diestrammena occurring in, 150.
Xanthia fulvago, 196.
Xestolabus, 163.
Xylena lythoxylea, 197.
Xylota bicolor, new parasite of, 168.
Yellow-jackets, On the name of our common, 93
Zale, sabena, 19.
Zutrage, Hiibner’s, nomenclature of, 91.
Zygaena filipendulae, 192.
Zygops, Immature stages of genus, 59-62.
Zapoerint Comments on classification of tribe
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