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PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON

VOLUME 45

PusLisHED BY THE SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D. C.
1943

ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION VOLUME 45

Numbera—pages i—2Siinclusivessysa ease eee eee January 30, 1943
Number 2—pages/ 29-56 inclusive) eee ee ee eee March 6, 1943
Number 3— pages s7—7osimclusivies cis see eras nas ae eee March 31, 1943
Number 4—pages 79-98 inclusive..................00 cece eeees May 3, 1943
Number 5—pages 99-130 inclusive. ..........0.-0.00e-0+-0ees: June 3, 1943
Number 6— pages 131162) inclusivies...4. 42s oo eee June 30, 1943
Number 7——pages 16g—162smclusive: = send. .- 0s os eee October 27, 1943
Numbems— pages 183—20onnclusivess nee renee oer November 25, 1943
Number’ 9—pages-207-23.4uinclusivessss ch sms 2 aaa see December 30, 1943
PRESS OF

[ii]

H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc,
Wasuincton, D, C,

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 45

Anperson, W. H.: The Larva of Holostilpna nitens (Lec.) and its Rela-

tionships (Coleoptera: Anthribidae).. s 2... 0 >-eee see e ess aie 171
Ba.our, W. V. and Starter, J. S.: Additions to the Bionomics of Sinea
diadema (Fabr.) (Reduviidae: Hemiptera) ...............-.-+-+-- II
Beamer, R. H.: A New Atanus from Argentina, South America (Homop-
nee” CievalichO i eaen nas cee habe Hebd side Gaeoes Somoo pee cr amo oc 178
Buacxan, M. W.: New Species of Scolytoplatypus Schaufuss from Malay-
siay(Coleopterasocolykoidea) anna pare cee: eee iets = 121
Brake, Doris: The Generic Position of Hypolampsis pilosa (Illiger) and
Some Related New Species (Coleoptera: Halticidae)................ 207
Bortmer, L. J.: (See SIEGLER)
Cortés, Rat: A Glance at Chilean Entomology ................... 226
Crawrorp, J. C.: A new Sericothrips on elm (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).. 39
: A New Heterothrips on Prosopis (Thysanoptera: Hetero-
(ATG OLLIE We) IRIE at aes. gaa ie oh te eon Re eS Lana ce aT 93
: A New Genus and Species of Thysanoptera from New Zea-
lamele(anntly: Wlartpidae) assets 22 ee tose ee ie eee Ss eicsene ayelstet he. nie I51
______: A New Genus and Species of Hoplothripini (Thysanoptera:
Phlacotnripidae mae ane ee oe Shee se ene ss le fe oe era Need
Drake, Cart J.: A List of the Species of Monanthia Lep. & Serv. of the
Western Hemisphere Including Description of a New Species (Hemip-
feRare Na cIatd ac) ween sce eats oy. nays ate onc: (boas) ae eet“ 141
Ewrnc, H. E.: The American Chiggers (Larvae of the Trombiculinae)
Gietheccnns®\canscus. New Genus... .-0c o. seritie erica ice oe 57
FisHer, W. S.: Two New Buprestidae (Coleoptera)..................-. 201
Hatt, Davin G.: A New Species of Cuterebra from Kansas (Diptera:
Cuterebridae)..........: ted MUON oi coe pe teen A ic, oat 9 RRR 25
Hanson, Joun F.: Descriptions of New North American Plecoptera II... 85
Harris, Kenton L.: Some Applications of Insect Separation Methods to
Eintomelo gyn curr teas sickest ee ete ce, ole ree 19
Hernricu, Cart: A New Species of Laspeyresia, A Bean Pest from Tropi-
cal: America (luepidoptera: Olethreutidae)....... 2 ssn ee 71
: A Preoccupied Name in Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)...... 126
Hutt, Franx M.: Some Notes upon the types of North and South Ameri-
can Syrphid Flies in the British Museum of Natural History........ 9
: Two New Species of Baccha (Diptera: Syrphidae)....... 50
[111 |
AN

iV TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 45

James, Maurice T.: A Revision of the Nearctic Species of Adoxomyia
(Diptera: Stratiomyidae) 2.7.25 eee ae eee ree
McConne .t, H. S.: Notes on the Anatomy of the Coccid Genus Aclerda
and Descriptions of Three New Species..=--5-4------5 222-4 --->-
McGrecor, E. A.: A New Spider Mite on Citrus in Southern California
(Acarina® “Netrany chide) -rsegs erties eer oes
: A New Spider Mite from Argentina!...................-
Oman, P. W.: A New Leaf Hopper of the Genus Helochara (Homoptera:
Cieadellidae) iy "age arene Seen oe nnn Ono e aee
Orr, L. W., St. GeorGe, R. A., and Waptey, F. M.: Lynn G. Baumhofer.
Precuuman, L. L.: Two New Chrysops from China (Diptera: Tabanidae). .
Ross, Epwarp S.: The Identity of Aedes Bimaculatus (Coquillett) and a
New Subspecies of Aedes fulvus (Wiedemann) from the United
States (Diptera:\C@ulicidae)i< «-.ani.3 Se tran ok Oo ae eee
Ross, Hersert H.: The Nearctic Sawflies of the Genus Aglaostigma (Hy-
MENOPLELA) = sie hes fe Pees Sew ee et eee ts eae ee
Russet, Louise M.: An Apparently New Species of Paurocephala Craw-
ford (Homoptera: Psyllidae, Pauropsyllinae)........+.55-.4. 08
: A New Genus and Four New Species of White-flies from
the West Indies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)......................
St. GeorcE, R. A.: (See Orr)
Srecter, E. H. and Borrimen, L. J.: Walter Sidney Abbott
SuaTER, J. S.: (See BaLpurF)
Smiru, Marion R.: Ants of the Genus Tetramorium in the United States
with the Description of a New Species...) eee) eee
: Pheidole (Macropheidole) rhea Wheeler a valid species
(Elymenoptera: Formicidae) 4 2. -c- soe) teria etcetera) ats erat te
: The First Record of Leptothorax, subgenus Goniothorax
Emery, in the United States with the Description of a New Species
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 7.5 9c eee es eee
SomMERMAN, Katuryn M.: Description and bionomics of Caecilius man-
teri, n. sp» (Corrodentia)).....402: 24.9.5 tases te oda o eee
SrarEine, |. H.: Pauropoda from the Duke Forest”). 2-3). asseee
Wap ey, F. M.: (See Orr)
Wepser, Neat A.: The Queen of a British Guiana Eciton and a new Ant
Garden Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)..................
Wi.urams, Josepu L.: A New Relationship of the Bursa Copulatrix to the
Female Reproductive System in Lepidoptera................-.-..
Yates, W. W.: Variations Noted in Anatomical Larval Structures of Culex
tarsalis Coq. (Diptera: Culicidae) .-.,-..:-.3.:::-+::-9+3+es2sneee

163
99

127
176

74
67
42

143

79

VOL. 45 January, 1943 No. 1

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

PusiisHeD Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 45 JANUARY, 1943 No 1

ANTS OF THE GENUS TETRAMORIUM IN THE UNITED STATES
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES.

By Marton R. Smiru,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture.

Tetramorium Mayr is an Old World genus of ants containing
over 300. described forms which are found in Europe, Africa,
Asia, and the islands of the Eastern Hemisphere. No species
is known to be indigenous to the United States or any part of
continental America. Some of the Old World species, however,
have been widely distributed by commerce and are now well
established in the warmer sections of the globe and also in
greenhouses in the more temperate regions.

Recently I was much surprised to find a new species of Tetra-
morium in a collection of ants received from R. H. Crandall of
Wilawana, Pa. The six workers representing this species bear
wae labels erescott..Anz. May 125 1935. Rese. Cramdall:? In
reply to a request for more information on the ants Mr. Crandall
wrote that the specimens were collected 10 miles south of Pres-
cott in a locality about a mile from the main highway and under
some ponderosa pines at an altitude of more than a mile. He
believes they were collected from the soil beneath a stone, as
most of his collecting on May 12 was of that nature.

Previous to the receipt of the new ants, four species of
Tetramorium were known to occur in the United States, all of
which were undoubtedly introduced. The most common of
the four forms is the well-known pavement ant, Tetramorium
caespitum (L), which is now thoroughly established in many of
our larger towns and cities, especially in those States bordering
the Atlantic Ocean. There is every reason to believe that this
species was brought in by the early colonists. ‘The next most
common species is the so-called Guinea ant, T. guineense (F),
which is also well established in many of the more important
towns of the South, especially in Florida and along the Gulf
Coast. It is sometimes found in greenhouses in our more
northern localities. 7. simillimum (F. Smith) is occasionally
found under circumstances similar to those under which guine-

FEB 5 1943

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

ense is encountered, but to my knowledge it is not so abundant
in the United States as is guineense. The fourth species,
pacificum Mayr, is present in at least one California locality.
That the four forms mentioned above were introduced is sug-
gested by their common occurrence in or near urban centers
or in greenhouses and nurseries, and by the frequent intercep-
tion of all four species in shipments of plants or plant products
from other countries.

It is possible that the new species from Arizona was also intro-
duced, perhaps with the food or other supplies of camels, many
of which were imported into the Western States from Africa
during 1856 and 1857. Africa is known to contain more
species of Tetramorium than any other region of the world.

Except in the case of caespitum the habits of these introduced
species are not well known. ‘This ant infests houses, steals
seeds from seed beds, gnaws into the roots of certain flowers
and vegetables, and attends plant lice. JI know from personal
observation, however, that guineense also infests houses; and
outdoors it often attends honeydew-excreting insects. All
the introduced forms should be regarded as potential house
pests.

The species of Tetramorium occurring in the United States
may be distinguished by means of the following key which
applies to workers only.

Ee Withoutan-antennalrsuleus. 27.21. /< 22 eico - feeaciee.ee oe tery eee ee
\WWitdau choy crater mienGs — Gk agbo gs omonboe cosgaGadauds Scoccase 3

2. At least the basal half of the first gastric segment longitudinally
rugulose, subopaque; antennal scape unusually long and thick,
extending past the posterior border of the head; humerus *
rounded; dorsal surface of clypeus with a median impression;
epinotal spines not short and stubby; sculpturing of head,
thorax, petiole, and postpetiole rugulose reticulate........

rugiventris, new species.
Basal half of first gastric segment smooth and shining; antennal
scape not unusually long and thick or attaining the posterior
border of the head; humerus angular; dorsal surface of clypeus
without a median impression; epinotal spines short and stubby;
head and thorax longitudinally striated........caespitum (L.).

3. Hairs on head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole short, erect, en-
larged apically; head longitudinally rugulose with alveoli
between the rugulae; length 1.75-2.25 mm...............

simillimum (F. Smith).
Characters not as desenibedtalovme eases serene ei aenees enter ere +

1 The California form differs from specimens which I consider to be
typical pacificum (collected at Somo Somo, Fiji, by W. M. Mann) in its
lighter color, less compressed petiole, and broader petiole and postpetiole;
but it does not seem to be sufficiently distinct to warrant naming it.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 5

4. Petiolar node, in profile, subrectangular (fig. 2); reddish yellow
with gaster brownish to blackish............. .guineense (I.).

Petolar node, in profile, somewhat similar to that of guineense

but with the anterodorsal angle lower and more rounded and

the posterodorsal angle more acute (fig. 1); light brown or

yellowish brown....... -+++...pacificum Mayr.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Profile view of petiole and postpetiole of (1) Tetramorium pacificum
Mayr; (2) Tetramorium guineense (F.)
Illustrations by Mrs, Mary Foley Benson.

4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

Tetramorium rufgiventris, new species.

Worker.—Length 4.25 mm.

Head, excluding eyes and mandibles, approximately one and one-sixth
times as long as wide, subrectangular, with weakly convex sides, rounded
posterio angles, and very feebly rounded or straight posterior border.
Mandible unusually large, subtriangular, with 2 prominent apical teeth
and at least 4 smaller, indistinct teeth. Anterior border of clypeus round-
ed, not emarginate, and without teeth; posterior border extending well
back between the frontal carinae and ending in a more or less straight,
transverse suture; posterior half of clypeus with a pronounced median
impression. Frontal area not well defined. Frontal carinae widely sepa-
rated, short, but forming a prominent lobe over the base of each antennal
scape. No antennal sulcus. Antenna 12-segmented, the last 3 segments
forming a rather distinct club, which is shorter than the rest of the funi-
culus; scape unusually long and thick, extending beyond the posterior
border of the head, strongly bent at base. Eye moderately large, more
than its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Thorax, from above,
with rounded humeral angles; promesonotal sutures indistinct or absent;
mesoepinotal suture represented by a prominent constriction; thorax
widest in region of humeral angles. Epinotal spines well developed but
not unusually long or acute. Spurs of front leg strongly pectinate, spurs
of middle and hind legs simple. Femora not strongly incrassated as with
guineense and pacificum. Petiole weakly pedunculate; from above, with
a node which is approximately seven-eighths as wide as long, rounded in
front, and subparallel on the sides; ventral surface of peduncle with a
prominent tooth. Postpetiolar node oval, widest posteriorly, approxi-
mately one and three-fifths times as broad as the petiolar node. Gaster
rounded at the base, the first segment occupying almost all the gaster.

Mandibles and clypeus with coarse, longitudinal rugulae, the rugulae
of the former especially strong. [Frontal region of head longitudinally
rugulose, elsewhere rugulose reticulate. Thorax coarsely rugulose reti-
culate except on the meso- and metapleurae. Petiole and postpetiole
coarsely rugulose reticulate above. At least the basal half of the first
gastric segment with coarse, longitudinal rugulae among which are scattered
prominent, piligerous punctures. Antennal scape with very fine rugulae
in addition to weak alveoli. Region between and below epinotal spines
finely alveolate and shining. Coxae, femora, and tibiae with fine alveoli.

Hairs appearing grayish or yellowish according to the nature of the
light, rather coarse, and moderately long and abundant, covering all parts
of the body except the meso- and metapleurae, most erect on the thorax;
each funicular segment with a whorl of suberect hairs.

Dark reddish brown, approaching black; mandibles, funiculi, and tarsi
lighter,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 5

Type locality —Prescott, Ariz.

Holotype—United States National Museuth No. 56398.

Paratypes.—Three in the United States National Museum,
one in the American Museum of Natural History, and one in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard).

Described from the holotype specimen which was collected at
the type locality on, May 12, 1935, by R. H. Crandall. The
five paratypes bear the same labels as the holotype. They
differ from the holotype in their slightly smaller size, darker
color, and more clearly defined frontal area.

This very characteristic species is readily recognized by its
unusually long and robust antennal scape, impression on the
dorsal surface of the clypeus, large mandibles, shape of the
petiole and postpetiole, the prominent longitudinal rugulae on
the basal half of the first gastric segment, and the peculiar type
of sculpturing which somewhat resembles that of the ants of
the genus Myrmica.

PHEIDOLE (MACROPHEIDOLE) RHEA WHEELER,
A VALID SPECIES.
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae.)

Marion R. Smiru,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture.

In 1908 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 24: 452) Wheeler de-
scribed Pheidole rhea from an unusually large (14.3 mm.) wing-
less female now in the Cornell University collection, collected
at Nogales, Ariz., by Oslar. In 1915 (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Bul. 34: 403) he synonymized rhea with fimbriata Roger after
comparing the Nogales female with winged females, soldiers,
and workers of fimbriata collected at Cuatololapan, Vera Cruz,
Mexico, by A. G. Ruthven. That Wheeler later recognized the
error is indicated by numerous specimens of soldiers and workers
in his collection which bear his handwritten label, rhea. At my
request, L. G. Wesson, Jr., kindly checked Wheeler’s descrip-
tion of rhea with the specimens of fimbriata collected in Mexico
by Dr. Ruthven and now in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard, and he found that they are not the same
species. He stated, furthermore, “Comparing majors (soldiers)
with those of fimbriata shows that the differences between the
desc iption of the female rhea and female fimbriata are virtually
the same differences as between the majors of the two forms.”

6 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

Pheidole fimbriata was described by Roger (1863, Berlin Ent.
Ztschr. 7: 196) from two soldiers (in the Paris Museum) measur-
ing 7.5 and 7.8 mm., respectively, from the Rio Paraguary.
According to Emery (1921, 7» Wytsman, Genera Insectorum,
fasc. 174 a: 81) this species, which is the type of the subgenus
Macropheidole, ranges from Argentina into Mexico. ‘There are
no authentic records, however, of its presence in the United

States. On the other hand, rhea has been collected at numerous
localities in Arizona and Mexico. The known records are as
follows:

Arizona: Nogales, 3,880 feet, rolling hills and grass, Robt. G.
Wesson; Pinal Mountains, October 7, 1924, 4,000 feet, H. C.
Millender:; -Cleator, 1936, R: H:, Crandall; Sabino. Canyon,
October 4, 1937, R. H. Crandall; Atascosa Mountains, October
2, 1938, R. H. Crandall; Stratton, Santa Catalina Mountains,
6,000—7,000 feet, July 27, 1917, W. M. Wheeler; Blue River,
August 24, 1914, E. G. Holt; Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina
Mountains, July 8-12, 1916, collector ?; Sabino Canyon, Santa
Catalina Mountains, July 23, 1917, W. M. Wheeler; Sabino
Canyon, 3,700 feet, Robert G. Wesson; Baboquivari, 3,700
feet, mesquite and grass, Robert G. Wesson; Atascosa Moun-
tains, in canyon, 4,600 feet, both in shade and sun, Robert
G. Wesson.

Mexico: Escuinapa, Sinaloa, J. H. Batty; Guayamas, April
15, 1921, J. C. Chamberlin; San Pedro, Nolasoc Island, Gulf of
California, April 17, 1921, E. P. Van Duzee.

In an attempt to show that rhea is entitled to distinct specific
rank, I show below in parallel columns the more significant
differences between it and fimbriata, in the soldier and worker
castes, following which I describe the soldier and worker of
rhea in detail.

SOLDIER.

P. rhea.

Head with fine, dense, longitu-
dinal rugulae which tend to con-
verge on each posterior corner; the
interspaces alveolate, thus giving
the head, in some lights, a sub-
opaque appearance.

Eye small, but not extremely so
(with approximately 15 ommatidia
in its greatest diameter).

P. fimbriata.

At least the anterior half of the
head with coarse, well-spaced longi-
tudinal rugulae, with no pronoun-
ced sculpturing in the inter-spaces;
posterior part of head with semi-
circular or transverse rugulae which
have a tendency to become reti-
culate.

Eye extremely small (with ap-
proximately 11 or 12 ommatidia in
its greatest diameter).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 i

Scape short, unusually slender,
and somewhat compressed basally.

Ventral surface of petiole and
postpetiole without tufts of short,
erect, dense hairs.

Epinotal spines remarkably long,
and with acute tips.

Scape short, but not unusually
slender and not compressed basally,

Ventral surface of petiole and
postpetiole each with a tuft of short,
erect, dense hairs.

Epinotal spines well developed
but neither remarkably long nor

with acute tips.

WORKER.

Eye prominent (with 11 or 12
ommatidia in its greatest diameter).
Ventral surface of petiole and
postpetiole without tufts of short,

Eye extremely small (with 6 or 7
ommatidia in its greatest diameter).

Ventral surface of petiole and
postpetiole each with a tuft of
short, erect, dense hairs.

Epinotal spines short.

erect, dense hairs.

Epinotal spines unusually long
and acute.

Superior border of petiole trans-
verse, straight.

Superior border of petiole trans-
versely rounded.

Pheidole (Macropheidole) rhea Wheeler.

Pheidole rhea Wheeler, 1908, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 24: 452.
Pheidole fimbriata Roger; Wheeler (not Roger), 1915, Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bul. 34: 403.

Soldier.—Length 5.5 mm.

Head subrectangular, widest anteriorly, with the sides subparallel in
the anterior half and converging in the posterior half; posterior border
deeply emarginate, forming strongly rounded posterior corners. A well-
defined frontal furrow extending posteriorly from the frontal carinae.
Antennal scape short, when laterally extended attaining the eye, slender,
basally compressed. Frontal area impressed. Clypeus with a longitudinal
carina or protuberance; anterior border with a distinct emargination
which is neither wide nor deep. Mandible subtriangular, stout, convex
Eye small, with approximately 15 ommatidia in its greatest
Pronotum large, strongly sloping anteriorly from the pro-
mesonotal suture, where the thorax reaches its greatest height; humeral
angles rounded. Mesono:um
mesoepinotal constriction,’ the

exteriorly.
diameter.

abruptly sloping into the pronounced

transverse weakly defined.
Epinotal spines remarkably long, about one-third longer than the basal
surface of the epinotum, the tips acute.
with a very distinct emargination.

one-half times as

elevation

Superior border of petiole thin,
Postpetiole approximately one and
broad as long, the sides converging both anteriorly
and posteriorly and forming on each side a prominent conule at their
point of junction.

Mandible with coarse, scattered punctures in addition to the coarse,
longitudinal rugulae which cover most of its surface. Median area of
clypeus with longitudinal rugulae and sides with transverse rugulae, but

8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

with the extreme central part largely smooth and shining. Head with fine,
dense, longitudinal rugulae which tend to converge on each posterior
corner of the head, the interspaces finely alveolate; posterior part of head
with coarse, prominent, hair-bearing punctures. Pronotum mostly smooth
and shining, remainder of thorax finely rugulose-alveol te. Dorsal surface
of postpetiole and gaster very finely alveolate.

Body subopaque in some lights, more shining in others, this being
especially true of the head. Body covered with numerous well-scattered,
suberect to erect, yellowish hairs. Dark reddish brown, approaching
black; the funiculi and tarsi light. ;

Worker.—Length 3 mm.

Head approximately as broad as long, with feebly convex sides and a
straight or very feebly emarginate posterior border. Frontal area not
strongly delimited as with the soldier. Clypeus convex, with angularly
projecting anterior border and rounded posterior border. Eye prominent,
with 11 or 12 ommatidia in its greatest diameter, placed less than twice
its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Antennal scape long, slender,
extending almost one-third its length beyond the posterior border of the
head, slightly enlarged apically. Mandible large, subtriangular, with 15
or 16 small but distinct teeth. Thorax, in profile, highest in the region
of the promesonotal suture; mesonotum forming an almost even slope
from this point to the well-defined mesoepinotal constriction. Epinotal
spines unusually long, longer than the base of the epinotum, their tips acute.
Petiolar node, from behind, with straight, transverse, superior border.
Postpetiole of approximately equal! length and breadth, with the sides
convergent in the anterior and posterior halves and forming a distinct
angle on each side. Legs rather long and slender. Gaster, from above,
subelliptical.

Mandible distinctly rugulose, also punctate, especially near the mas-
ticatory border. Longitudinal rugulae extending on the head beyond the
posterior border of each eye, the interspaces finely alveolate. Posterior
part of head mostly smooth except for the scattered, hair-bearing punctures.
Sides of thorax, especially the meso- and metapleura, alveolate; dorsal
surface either smooth or with extremely fine alveoli. Sculpture of petiole
and postpetiole similar to that of thorax. Gaster smooth and shining.

Hair long, grayish or light yellowish, suberect to erect, moderatly
abundant and well scattered over body. Brown; gaster darker, funiculi
and tarsi lighter.

Described from a soldier and worker collected at Nogales,
Ariz., by Robert G. Wesson in rolling hills and grass at an alti-
tude of 3,880 feet.

Since Nogales is the type locality of rhea, I have chosen to
describe specimens from this region. Examination of numerous
individuals from many localities shows that rhea is a polymor-
phic species and that the soldier described above does not
represent the largest of its caste. An unusually large soldier
from Escuinapa, Mexico, measures 8 mm. in length. In a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 9

letter, Wesson indicated that Wheeler had labeled the Blue
River, Ariz., and the Escuinapa, Mexico, specimens as rhea
and those from Stratton, Sabino Canyon, July 23, and Sabino
Basin, July 8-12, as a new variety. ‘There are no means now
of determining on what characters Wheeler based his concept
of a new variety. I have examined the specimens labeled by
Wheeler as rhea and those he marked as his new variety, as well
as individuals from all the other localities listed above. Among
these there is a noticeable tendency for the sculpture on the
head of the soldier to vary and for the epinotal spines to differ
in shape. ‘The rugulae on the anterior half of the head are
consistently longitudinal whereas those on the posterior half
of the head may converge at each posterior corner and there
form somewhat of a concentric pattern, or they may all converge
mesially toward the deep emargination on the back of the head
or even may form a concentric pattern around the central part
of the head. ‘The epinotal spines likewise vary greatly as to
the direction in which they are pointed. In some individuals
the spines are almost horizontal; in others they are more angu-
larly directed. In view of the high degree of variability in the
sculpturing of the head and the position of the spines it does not
seem advisable to recognize any subspecific forms of rhea.

SOME NOTES UPON THE TYPES OF NORTH AND SOUTH
AMERICAN SYRPHID FLIES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM OF
NATURAL HISTORY.

By Frank M. Hutt,
University of Mississippi.

Several years ago I made a study of rare genera and the types
of species of the family Syrphidae as represented in the collec-
tions of the British Museum of Natural History. These col-
lections are peculiarly interesting, containing as they do not only
representatives from many parts of the world, but also types of
such persons as Walker, Bigot and other dipterists. I am greatly
indebted to Dr. John Smart and to the late Dr. F. W. Edwards,
who placed the facilities of the museum at my disposal for
study. This paper records some observations made at this time
having to do principally with synonymy and are listed below.

Lepidomyia cincta Bigot belongs to the genus Quihuana Knab.
Eristalis fo Bigot belongs to Lathyrophthalmus.

Helophilus scita Walker (from the Amazon) is a Habromyia.
Neascia (Asctia) striata Walker belongs in Ca/ostigma Shannon.

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

Baccha anthermus Walker should be Mixogaster anthermus
Walker.

Syrphus laenas Walker, vatia Walker, barbula Walker, portia
Walker all belong in the genus Mesogramma.

Eristalis soulouquensis Bigot described from Hayti is con-
specific with vimetorum Fabricius.

Eristalis tmpositus Walker described from Hayti appears to
be conspecific with Helophilus similis Macquart.

Quihuana (Merodon) angustiventris Macquart appears to be
identical with Quihauana (Helophilus) aurata Walker. The
former is the earlier name, having been described in 1855.

Cheilosia (Melanogaster) rufipes Bigot. The type, a male, is
headless. It appears to belong to the genus Me/anostoma.
Its fore tibia are yellow, and slightly darker apically.

Meromacrus basigera Walker (described as Eristalis basigera
Walker 1860) appears identical with Meromacrus mile-
soides Bigot (1880). The former name therefore has pri-
ority.

Endoiasimyia indica Bigot. I can see no important differ-
ence between this genus and Hiatomyia Shannon erected
in 1922. The face of Endoiasimyia is strongly tuberculate
but on the whole the fly is not greatly different from the
American species.

Baccha luctuosa Bigot. This species from the pattern of its
abdomen is strongly suggestive of d/lograpta and should
probably be placed there.

Paragus pachypus Bigot described from Australia belongs in
the genus Microdon.

The following species related to Helophilus were examined for
the presence or absence of the globiferous hairs at the base of
the hind tarsi: /¢arsatus Bigot (Prionotomyia tarsatus Bigot),
indiana Bigot (Eumerosyrphus indiana Bigot), gigas Curran,
albiceps v. d. Wulp, ruficauda Bigot, mesoleuca Walker, guad-
rivittata Wied., caudata de Meijere. All of these species possess
such globiferous hairs and hence belong in Mesembrius or are
closely allied to this genus. He/ophilus inepta Walker appears
to completely lack such hairs. H. africana Verrall, although
stated by Bezzi to possess them, appeared also to lack them.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 fi

ADDITIONS TO THE BIONOMICS OF SINEA DIADEMA (FABR.).
(Reduviidae, Hemiptera.)

W. V. Baupur anp J. S. Suater, Urbana, Illinois.

A brown, spiny-legged bug somewhat more than a half inch
long, Sinea diadema is by far the most common member of its
family in Illinois. This article releases new data obtained by
us mostly at Urbana to supplement the valuable foundation
studies on this species contributed by Readio (1924, 1927).

WINTERING STAGE.

In the Urbana area, this predator passes the winter ex-
clusively in the egg stage. We present several kinds of evi-
dences in support of this conclusion. First, while a few females
taken in September had not yet begun oogenesis, most indi-
viduais of this sex obtained in that month and in October
either contained mature brown eggs and immature white
oocytes or had expended their adipose stores and turned to a
dark soupy consistency indicating senility. Concurrently the
number of adult bugs decreased sharply as October progressed,
only one living adult having been secured by sweeping in
November of 1940 and 1941. Significant also is the fact that
our departmental insect collection contains many adult speci-
mens bearing dates of September and October but only one
taken in November.

Second, neither does the collection have adults captured in
April and May, nor did we obtain such by weekly sweepings
during March, April and May, 1942, or by less systematic
efforts in 1941. Instead, nymphs in the first instar appeared
in the net on April 17 and 24, individuals in the second instar
were taken on May 2 and 8, and others in successively more
advanced stadia from May 16 to June 20. Beginning in mid-
June, the nymphs matured and transformed to the adult form.

Third, we demonstrated experimentally that the egg can
survive central Illinois winters. Eggs laid from September 28
to November 2, 1939, by females recently from the field, were
placed out of doors between October 24 and November 2 and
left exposed until March 2, 1940. Returned to the laboratory
on the latter date, 33 percent of 131 eggs yielded nymphs in
from six to 15 days, and dissections of 81 sample eggs removed
from 17 masses showed that all clusters but one, which had
perhaps not been fertilized, contained embryos. These had’
advanced to somewhat different states of development, those in
the earlier states being brighter brown and more flexible, and
contained larger amounts of heavy whitish homogeneous
granular yolk than others. On the other hand, embryos that

1 Contribution No. 234 from the entomological laboratories of the
University of Illinois.

1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

had proceeded almost to the hatching stage when set out of
doors in the fall were dead on examination in March. These
results indicate that perhaps only the embryos in the earlier
developmental phase can survive winter temperatures. Records
‘furnished by Henry P. Etler, observer in the local federal
weather station, showed the egg masses had undergone 11 days
of subzero temperature, including lows of — 11, — 12 and —13°
Fahr. in January, or a mean of 7.1+° Fahr. for the month.

These facts show then that the reproducing adults present
from September to early November die before the advent of
winter, leaving the egg alone to carry its species through the
cold season. No search was made for eggs in the field.

Lire Cycies.

Two generations are passed in a year at Urbana. The first
begins with nymphs hatched from the overwintered eggs
The occurrence of nymphs in the first instar on April 17 and 24,
1942 indicates hatching took place about the middle of that
month. The further nymphal development at Urbana is in-
dicated by records for 1942: second instar, May 2 and 8;
third, May 16 to 30 (June 4, Park Ridge, Ill.); fourth, May 28
(June 18, Oak Harbor, O. and June 27, Sebring, O.); fifth,
June 14 to 20 (June 18, Oak Harbor). Supplementing these
weekly samples are data from other years and sources, as
follows: many advanced nymphs occurred between June 15
and 30, 1938; individuals in the second instar were taken on
May 30, 1940, and numerous others representing the third to
fifth stadia came into the net from June 6 to 25, 1940; and
many of successively more advanced instars developed from
May 17 to June 24, 1941. The adult state, which climaxes
this cycle, had been attained as indicated by the following
dates: June 19 to August 8, 1940; June 7 to July 19, 1941,
and June 15 (a pale, soft femal e) to July 4, 1942. Thus, the
first generation develops from mid-April to about mid- June,
and the adults persist into August at Urbana.

The adults of the first generation as a whole therefore seem
to live as long as six weeks and initiate the second cycle of the
year from late June to early August. Nymphs in various but
mostly the more advanced instars were taken on September 7,
1938, August 8 to September 28, 1940, and July 26 to August
30, 1941. All nymphs had transformed to adults on September
23, 1938, September 21, 1940, and September 16, 1941. Females
dissected on September 6 and 23, 1938, were still in the pre-
gravid state, but the lots examined from October 11 to 21
contained mature eggs and oocytes, as did also samples taken
on September 21, 1939, September 23 to October 28, 1940, and
September 19 to October 25, 1941. Occurrence of the adult in
September—October is reflected also by the relatively large

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 1S

numbers of specimens bearing those dates in student collections.
However, the adult population declined numerically during
October, with the result that only one individual was found on
November 2, 1940, and none on November 3, 1941, in situations
well populated in the previous month. ‘The activities of the
second generation therefore end with oviposition in September—
October, leaving the eggs to start the first new generation in
spring of the ensuing year.

To summarize, the three stages of the two cycles respectively
appear approximately as follows: egg, September to April and
July to August; nymph, April to June and July to September;
adult, June to August and September to early November.

Diet anp DEVELOPMENT.

Two series, each consisting of 20 nymphs obtained in the
wintering experiment described above, were carried through
to determine in a preliminary way the relation of quantity of
diet to growth. Although both the diets chosen proved to be
inadequate to sustain the nymphs to adulthood, the results are
worthy of a brief statement. Ninety-four percent of series I
died in the first instar on a diet of one adult Drosophila melano-
gaster in five days, and the survivors starved in the second
instar on an allowance of one Drosophila in three days.

The nymphs of series II, fed at the rate of one, two, four,
eight and 16 Drosophila flies per day in the five instars, re-
spectively, died as follows: 70 percent in the first instar; 0.0 in
the second; 5.0 in the third; 20.0 in the fourth, and 5.0 percent
in the fifth stadium. In the course of their varied lifetimes,
the 20 nymphs sucked out a total of 364 flies, or an average
of 18.2 flies per bug.

Process OF PREYING AND FEEDING.

The preying stance and manner of seizing prey have been
noticed by Parker (1916), and structural adaptions for pre-
datism were described by Barber (1923). These accounts are
supplemented here by two observations made by the senior
writer in the field. One of these concerns a male that captured
and sucked out a female adult of the tarnished plant bug,
Lygus oblineatus (Say) on June 25, 1940, on an umbel of tansy,
and the other involved a female seen on October 5, 1940 holding
a newly-seized and still vigorously-struggling adult female of
Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (De G.) on an Aster.

When Lygus came within range of vision,—a distance of
four inches, the male Sinea oriented himself to face the mirid
and quickly assumed his waiting stance. In this posture, the
grasping front legs are raised aloft sharply, with the femora
almost vertical and the tibiae forward and subhorizontal, and
the body elevated in front, lowered behind. When Lygus

14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

remained but a quarter inch away, the predator lunged forward
and downward, but failed to make the catch. Resuming the
alert stance at once, he waited until Lygus approached almost
within reach of the fore legs, hence only a short dash was
needed to secure the prey. Both front legs embraced the small
captive, the stout spiny femora bearing down from above
while the slender tibiae clamped upon it from below. ‘The
grip of the legs and the prompt penetration of the body by the
stylets inactivated the victim at once. Sinea crawled about
for several brief periods during the 26 minutes that elapsed
between capture and relinquishing the empty skeleton of the
prey. In the course of feeding, he radically changed the
position of his captive 15 times, introducing the stylets at as
many, and more, different points of the body, including head,
pronotum, lateral and ventral surfaces of the thorax, the
apex of a femur and all aspects of the abdomen,—the flexible
beak being introduced beneath the wings from the side when
the dorsum was pierced.

When quietly engaged in feeding, Sinea relaxed his leg hold
on the prey in part or entirely, permitting it to dangle from the
end of the stylets or rest lightly on the flower, but in shifting
the mirid from one position to another, he seized it anew
between femora and tibiae of both grasping legs. When crawl-
ing from place to place, he either gripped the prey with his legs
or dragged it along, holding it by the recurved end of the
stylets.

By contrast, the comparatively strong, large Chauliognathus
resisted decreasingly with kicking legs, vibrating antennae and
chewing movements of the mandibles for five minutes after
capture. During the 5.3 hours that followed inactivation, the
female Sinea continually held her prey with her fore legs and
beak, and turned it at intervals, inserting the stylets principally
at the relatively soft conjunctivae of the body regions and the
abdominal segments. It is not possible to state whether or
not the bug fed continuously during the hours she held the
beetle.

Postmortem examination of the prey insects showed all
fluids and liquefiable solids had been drawn out of Lygus, but
the abdomen remained normally extended,—the strong ovi-
positor probably preventing contraction. However, the
abdomen of Chauliognathus had telescoped forward visibly.
The relinquished beetle weighed 0.0218 gram, as compared
with 0.0430 gr. which represents the average of four normal,
newly-etherized adults of the same species. Assuming that
the beetle victimized by Sinea was average in weight, this
predator sucked out approximately 0.0212 gr. of substance, or
about half of the original body weight of the prey.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 15

When seen preying in the field, diadema almost always stood
on the top of plants,—usually on flowers, with the inert prey
dangling from the stylets beyond the end of the labium.
Flowers of all ‘sizes and colors are utilized for hunting, the
choice of plant probably being determined by the attractive-
ness of the flower to potential prey rather than by its color or
form. Plants found inhabited included Aster multiflorus,
Achillea muillefolium, Rudbeckia, Bidens and Solidago.

Insect Prey or DiapEMa.

The prey data listed in table I below were garnered from
published articles cited in the Review of Applied Entomology
and the Bibliography of Economic Entomology. The 40
separate records given in table II were secured through the
direct observations of the present writers under field conditions
at Urbana, Illinois. We are pleased to acknowledge the help
of specialists at the United States National Museum in the
identification of predatory and prey species concerned here.

REFERENCES CITED.

Aaron, S. F. (1929), Six-legged warriors, Nature Magazine, 14, 283.

Asumeap, W. H. (1895), Notes on cotton insects found in Mississippi,
Insect Life, 7, 321.

BarBer, G. W. (1923), Notes on Sinea diadema (Fabr.); Hemiptera,
Psyche, 30, 74-76.

Betuune, C. J. S. (1899), Fatal bite of an insect, Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc.
Ont., 30, 73-75.

Brancuarp, R. A. and Concer, C. B. (1932), Notes on Prodenia praefica
Gr., Jour. Eco, Ent., 25, 1059-1070:
BuatspE.L, F. EF. (1893), Notes on the habits of some species of Coleoptera
observed in San Diego County, Cal., Insect Life, 5, 35.
Caupett, A. N. (1901), The genus Sinea of Amyot and Serville, Jour.
INS Ye Emtec 9. ll:

CuitTrenpeEN, I. H. (1907), The Colorado potato beetle, U. S. D. A. Bur.
imtsee@ires S70 lle

CuitteNnpEN, F. H. (1919), The striped cucumber beetle and its control,
Weise DieAne Rare BullO3 89:

Frrenp, R. B. (1933), The birch leaf-mining sawfly, Fenusa pumila Klug,
Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 348, 291-364.

Luccer, Orro (1900), Bugs injurious to our cultivated plants, Minn.
Agr Exp. Sta., Bul. 695, 33.

Lucinpitt, Puitie (1928), The fall army worm, Laphygma frugiperda S.
and Ay. U.S. DaA: Tech., Bul. 345,85:

Morgan, A. C. (1907), A predatory bug (Apiomerus spissipes Say) re-
ported as an enemy of the cotton boll weevil, U. S. D. A. Bur.
Ent. Bul. 63, pt. 4, 51.

Parker, H. L. (1916), Feeding habits of Sinea diadema Fabr., Ent. News,
27, 280-281.

Reapio, P. A. (1924), Notes on the habits of a beneficial reduviid, Sinea
diadema (Fabr.), Jour. Eco. Ent. 17, 80-86.

Reapio, P. A. (1927), Studies on the biology of the Reduviidae of America
north of Mexico, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul., vol. 17, pt. I, 218-224.

Wats, B. D. (1863), The plum gouger, Prairie Farmer, 28, 21.

Wesster, R. L. (1912), The pear-slug, Caliroa cerast L., la. Agr. Exp.
Stas Bul: ‘130, 190.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

16

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PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. .45, No. 1, JAN., 1943 19

SOME APPLICATIONS OF INSECT SEPARATION METHODS
TO ENTOMOLOGY.

Kenton L. Harris,
U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

In some entomological studies there is a need for methods that
will separate insects parts from media such as soil, manure, etc.
Peterson (1934) figures several devices such as the Lathrop and
Nickels (1932) apparatus for concentrating pupae. Blueberry
work in New Jersey (Beckwith 1941) met with certain difficulties
in measuring the amount of infestation and it is possible that
additional methods for the removal of worms from the berries
might have facilitated the investigation. Similarly, flotation
or sedimentation procedures might be applied to toxicity studies
of minute insects or mites. Hamilton (1941) counted the
live and dead red spiders on rose leaves.

Berlese (1921) described an apparatus for the separation of
small animals from soil. This ‘““Berlese Funnel” uses an alcohol
flotation in an especially constructed elongate tube. Shirck
(1930) described ‘‘an apparatus for separating eggs and young
larvae of wireworms from field samples of soil by washing . . .”
which utilizes a water flow and a series of screens. Davidson
and Swan (1933) floated insects from pasture soil and skimmed
them off.

The multiple complications arising as the result of accumu-
lated foods held under conditions where there is an insufficiency
of proper storage facilities, and the infestation problems that
will develop if the use of certain insecticides is further curtailed
because of reallocation for the war effort, will certainly lead to
further insect control investigations. These problems will
be undertaken with reduced personnel and appropriations.
Entomologists may, therefore, be interested in an approach to
insect studies that has been developed somewhat outside of
their immediate field.

Work by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in enforcing
the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act has demonstrated that
rather unusual methods may be employed to remove insects
and insect parts from various food substances as a preliminary
to their quantitative estimation. ‘Tests have indicated that it
is mechanically practical to remove small insects to a filter paper
and if it is unnecessary to know whether the insects are living or
dead, it may be possible to.make population studies in that
manner.

For several years the U. S. Food and.Drug Administration
has used mechanical screening, flotation, sedimentation, and
solubility methods to remove insects from foods and drugs.
Descriptions of the insect and rodent filth methods usually have

20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943
Mertar Ron
Floatinc Oy Layer
comment Nut OR Wasner
| . Ruaser Sroprer
| | ia Not

Recess Gur Our

EmLENmeYER Frask

Srorren, Lowered

Figure 1. Wildman Trap Flask.

been mimeographed (U. S. Food and Drug Administration
mimeographs) for distribution to parties interested in food
examination. ‘These methods utilize various procedures but
usually are based upon one or more of three basic principles.
(1) Solubility of the food or drug and insolubility of the insects.
(2) Preferential wetting of insects or insect fragments by oily
liquids whereby they acquire a lighter specific gravity which
allows their separation by flotation methods. (3) Selective
sedimentation in water or heavier-than-water liquids.

Some of these methods have been published (Wildman, 1932;
Greene, 1935; Howard, 1935; 1937; Harris, 1941.) Tihty nave
been used principally by food chemists and processors who are

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 21

interested in the food purity situation. ‘To a limited extent
entomologists have utilized them as adjuncts to entomological
surveys, as means of counting insects dur:ng control studies,
or in life history work.

Many of the methods are based upon the use of a Wildman
trap flask (Howard, 1937). This flask (see Figure 1) was
devised by Mr. J. D. Wildman of the Microanalytical Division
of the Food and Drug Administration for use in concentrating
and recovering insect parts floating on liquids. It consists of
a l-liter or 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask into which is inserted a
close-fitting rubber stopper supported on a stiff brass rod of
5/32” to 6/32” diameter and about 3” longer than the depth
of the flask. A rod of greater diameter is not desirable because
of its greater displacement of liquid. The rod is threaded at
the lower end and furnished with nuts and washers to hold the
stopper in place. The lower nut and washer must be counter-
sunk in the rubber to prevent the nut from striking the bottom
of the flask. For some products (e. g., tomato products) a
2-liter flask is used, while for others (e. g., corn meal) the 1-liter
size is preferred. In use, the food is put in the flask, water or
other suitable liquid added, an oily liquid poured in and the
mixture stirred with the rod. When the mixing is complete,
water is added until the oily layer and some of the water rises
into the neck of the flask. The insects are carried to the top
and by raising the stopper the insect-bearing oil layer may be
trapped off and decanted.

The best liquids to use in a Wildman flask for separation of
insects and their remains from food or other substances depends
on the character of the material being tested. Insects and insect
fragments are often lighter than cereals and sometimes may be
floated out in heavier-than-water liquids while the plant tissue
settles out. Usually, however, they are extracted by a different
procedure. With the exception of fly larvae, or maggots, insects
and insect fragments can be wet with oils mixed into an aqueous
mixture of a food and so floated up to the surface with the oil.
In practice, because of several factors, this separation may be
incomplete. It is difficult to wet all the insect material without
creating a frothy emulsion of the plant material that will
obscure a subsequent examination. Fragments may become
trapped in or attached to a mass of plant material settling out.
Droplets of oil often adhere to the sides of the trap flask and may
hold insects there and so keep them from rising. To reduce
some of these effects, the oil or gasoline is worked thoroughly
into the water-cereal mixture, but with no “whipping” and as
little inclusion of air as possible. Intermittent agitation is
provided while the separation is taking place.

Some products cannot be extracted in water because too much

P29) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

of the food may rise with the “light filth.” This rise of the
food sometimes may be due to differences in specific gravity of
parts of the food and the water, but often is caused by the for-
mation of persistent emulsions, or by surface reactions that
permit the food to be wet by anoil. ‘To reduce floury emulsions,
the extractions can be made in saturated salt solution. Some-
times caprylic alcohol or 95% ethy! alcohol can be used to break
an emulsion. In general, when much bran or chaff is present it
will float up with the oil when water or saturated salt solution
is used and it is advisable to substitute a water-ethanol solution.
(For some cereals a water-isopropyl alcohol solution may be
used.) The alcohol not only soaks into bran but it is also less
dense so that less plant tissue floats. Material trapped off in
one Wildman trap may be transferred to another trap and
‘re-washed to remove some of the plant material, or it may be
transferred directly to a rapid-acting filter paper in a Buchner
funnel where the liquid can be sucked off.

F Iter papers can be so treated as to make the microscopic
examination of the material deposited on them as simple as
possible. Flour and bran can be cleared with mineral oil or
chloral hydrate rendering insect fragments or excreta more
readily visible. If mineral oil is used, the material on the filter
must be air dried before the oil is added. Mineral oil is well
suited to the microscopic examination of insects and insect
fragments. If an excessive amount of starchy material is
present, the paper may be completely cleared by gelatinizing it
with chloral hydrate. The chloral leaves the pellet fragments
soft but is extremely noxious to work with. It can be washed
out of the filter after the clearing is complete and before the
microscopic examination is made.

In order to facilitate quantitative determinations the filter
paper can be ruled in fine parallel lines 6 mm. apart before it is
used. The lines can be applied conveniently by means of a
rubber stamp and pad. Waterproof India ink makes a perma-
nent non-spreading line. If the filter paper is not ruled, it 1s
necessary to place a wire grid over the paper to mark it off into
smaller areas.

The ramifications and adaptations of these methods may
prove to be limitless. Thus, by modifying the method for the
recovery of insect fragments from tomato products (Howard,
1938 mimeograph), Smith (1942 mimeograph) found that he
could float most of the tomato tissue and so recover any maggots
and fly eggs by sedimentation. Smith (1942) by the use of
castor oil in place of gasoline for the caterpillar separation
obtained completely satisfactory results and secured residues
freer from plant cellular material.

Welch (1940) described a radically different apparatus and
reported that insect larvae could be separated from pecan

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 23

pieces mechanically by means of a machine containing a moving
inclined belt of ordinary window screen of about 16 mesh. The
infested pecans are fed into the middle of the belt. The rough
edged pecans move up with the belt but the worms roll down.

Blumberg (1939) has reported on and devised several pro-
cedures to determine insects in foods and drugs. He mentions
work by Spicer and Price (1938) in which sodium citrate was
used to dissolve cheese; Wilder and Joslyn (1937) on insects
in tomato products; Butcher (1934) on flour contamination;
and others. Blumberg’s (1939) findings involve a sifting and
digestion method of finding insect eggs, also a flotation method
for insect eggs which uses a special separatory funnel, and the
use of clove oil for insect excreta.

In one joint survey which included the Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine, Bureau of Plant Industry, Food and
Drug Administration, and others (Cotton, et al, 1941) the
flotation tests and the flour-oil test were employed to determine
the presence of insect contamination in flour.

LITERATURE CITED.

Becxwitu, C. §. 1941. Control of Cranberry Fruit Worm on Blue-
berries. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34, (2): 169-171.

Beruese, A. 1921. Mezzo per separate gli artropodi raccolti col Col-
lettore Berlese dalla terra caduto con essi. Redia /4: 211-214.

Buiumsere, B. L. (1929). Insect Infestation in Drugs and Flours with
Special Reference to the Genus Tridolium. Pharm. D. disserta-
tion. Columbia University, College of Pharmacy.

BuncHer, (©) HH. 1934. The! Microscopy ot Food: Products, Part 3.
Flour. Food 3 (35): 415-417.

Corton, R. T., et al. 1941. Insect Infestation and Its Effect on Quality
of Flours. American Miller, Oct.: 34-39.

Davipson J. and Swan, D. C. (1933). A Method for Obtaining Samples
of the Population of Collembola (Symphypleana) in Pastures.
Bull. Ent. Res. 24, part 3: 351-352.

GreENE, W. S. 1935. A Method for the Detection of Filth in the
Form of Insects and Other Extraneous Materials in Butter.
Food Industries. 7 (9) 441.

Hamitton, C. C. 1941. Toxicity of Methyl Bromide to the Common
Red Spider and to Greenhouse Roses. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34
(@Q)5 232=23i7

Harris, K. L. 1941. Foreign Matter in Corn Meal. Cereal Chemistry
18 (5): 655-661.

Howarp, B. J. 1935. Corn Ear Worm in Tomato Products. Food
Industries 7 (7): 321-2.

Howarp, B. J. 1937. Fragment Count Methods for Tomato Products,
Canning Age. 18 (9): 324-6.

24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

Latrurop, F. H. and Nicxets, C. B. 1932. The Biology and Control of
the Blueberry Maggot in Washington County Maine. U.S. D.A.
Tech. Bull 275;

Prererson, Atvan. 1934. A Manual of Entomological Equipment and
Methods. Part I. Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Surrck, F. H. 1930. A Soil-Washing Device for Use in Wireworm
Investigations. Jour. Econ. Ent. 23 (6): 91-994.

Smitu, F. R. 1942. Private communication.

Spicer, D. W. and Price, W. V. 1938. A Test for Extraneous Matter
in Cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 2/ (1): 1-5.

We tcu, H. 1940. Food and Drug Administration communication.

Witper, C. D. and Jostyn, M. A. 1937. Estimation of Worm and
Insect Fragments in Tomato Products. J. Assoc. Official Agric.
Chem. 20 (4): 648-655.

Witpman, J. D. 1932. A Simple Method for Separating Certain Insects
from Food Products. Science 75 (1940): 168-9.

U. S. Foop anp Druc ApMINISTRATION MIMEOGRAPHS:

A Method for the Determination of Extraneous Material in Butter.
W.S. Greene. 11/22/35.

A Method for the Detection of Extraneous Matter in Cheese. W. S.
Greene. 11/29/35.

Proposed Rapid Method for the Separation of Insects from Wheat
Flour: Kenton L. Harris. 9/28/39.

Method for the Examination of Canned Field Peas (Cowpeas) for
Insects. Kenton L. Harris. 7/28/39.

A Method for the Examination of Tea for Rodent and Insect Con-
tamination. Kenton L. Harris. 2/21/41.

A Method for the Recovery of Filth from Rye Flour and Meal (Ten-
tative). Kenton L. Harris. 12/18/41.

General Principles for the Study of Insect and Rodent Filth n Cereals.
K nton L. Harris. 10/12/41.

Methods for the Recovery of Extraneous Matter from Dried Eggs.
Kenton L. Harris. 5/22/42.

Method for the Recovery of Filth from Corn Meal (Tentative). W. G.
He!sel and Kenton L. Harris. 12/12/39.

Method for the Recovery of Filth and Foreign Matter from Wheat Meal.
(Tentative.) W. G. Helsel and Kenton L. Harris. 3/27/40.

Recovery of Insects a d Miscellaneous Filth from Apple Butter.
F. Allen Hodges. 3/31/39.

Methods for the Examination of Brick Type Cheese for Mites. F. A.
Hodges. 2/3/41.

Tanking of Blueberries for Removal of Maggots. B. J. Howard.
Aug. 1927.

Method of Testing Cherries for Maggots. B. J. Howard. 9/25/37.
(Originally issued in 1925 by the New York State Canners’ Association),

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 25

Determination of Insect P rts in Tomato Products. B. J. Howard.
Reissued 10/5/38.

Estimation of nsect Excreta in Flour. B. J. Howard. 1/7/39.

Method of Examination of Fig Paste for Insects. B. J]. Howard and
(ED? Wildmans 27/13/28. »(Revised’ 12/19/39).

Testing Raspberries and Loganberries for Beetle Infestation. B. J.
Howard and J. D. Wildman. May 1931.

Method for Determining Insect Excreta in Fig Paste. B. J. Howard
and J. D. Wildman. Revised 12/19/39.

Method for the Recovery of Fly Eggs and Larvae in Tomato Products.
Frank R. Smith 3/9/42.

Method for the Estimation of the Number of Insects in Canned Greens.
JE DE Wildmany 5/21/3)7-

Examination of Candy for Filth. St. Louis Station, April 26, 1940.

Method for the Recovery of Filth from Flour. 9/12/38.

A NEW SPECIES OF CUTEREBRA FROM KANSAS.
(Diptera: Cuterebridae.)

By Davin G. Hatt,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture.

The warble fly described below is a parasite of Neotoma
flavidianus osagensis Blaiv. in the Vicinity of Fall River, Kans.
It was first recovered by C. W. Hibbard, Department of Zoology,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans., who sent specimens
to me for identification. It was later reared in some numbers
by my friend R. H. Beamer, of the same institution. Because
Dr. Beamer has a paper in preparation which describes the
habits of this fly, it is necessary to publish the following de-
scription in advance of a larger work on the North American
botflies which has been in the course of preparation for the
past several years.

Cuterebra beameri, new species.

A medium-sized black species with infuscate wings.
Male.—Head- black; vestiture black; frons three-fifths as wide as one
eye; parafrontale and parafaciale with numerous minute punctures;

26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

parafaciale wide; parafrontale and parafaciale with five small yellowish
golden spots on eye margin, the former with an additional smal! spot on
the inner anterior margin; faciale mostly pitchy black; bucca behind the
metacephalon golden with golden hair.

Thorax brownish black; dorsum with short black hair, laterally with
longer yellowish-golden hair; pleuron with golden hair.

Wings deeply infuscate.

Legs black, tarsal segments expanded.

Abdomen brownish black, laterally yellowish golden with circular dark
markings. ;

Female.—Similar to male; frons one-fifth wider than one eye; yellowish
spots on parafrontale and parafaciale smaller; thorax without yellowish
hair laterally; abdomen with yellowish lateral spots smaller.

Holotype —Male, in the University of Kansas collections.
Paratypes.—One male and one female, in the above collections.

Type locality —Fall River, Kans.

NOTICE TO AUTHORS AND READERS.

If authors desire to receive the cuts used in illustration of
their articles they should request them within a year after
publication. Present needs for the metals used in these cuts
make it necessary to discard them promptly if they are not used.
Authors desiring cuts used before 1942 should request them
within the next few weeks.

We hope to have Memoir No. 2 available within the next
month or two. It will be by Dr. A. G. Boving and will treat of
classification of larval Phyllophaga, or well known white
grubs. As such, it will be of importance to economic as well

as general entomology. ‘The cost will be in the neighborhood
of three dollars.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943 D7,

MINUTES OF THE 532ND REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 3, 1942.

The 532nd regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
December 3, 1942 in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory
presided and 25 members and 6 visitors attended. The minutes of the previous
meeting were read and approved.

Frank E. Todd, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville,
Md., was unanimously elected to membership in the Society.

President Cory brought to the attention of the Society the cancellation of
the usual Christmas Meetings of the two national entomological societies.
Cancellation, or at least postponement, was considered advisable in the best
interests of the war effort.

The annual report of the treasurer was presented by Hahn W. Capps. It was
voted to accept the report as read.

The annual report of the corresponding secretary was presented by F. M.
Wadley. This report was accepted as read, and votes of thanks extended to
Capps and Wadley.

H. H. Richardson, as a member of the nominating committee, presented the
following nominations for officers for the calendar year 1943:

HonoraryePresident) 20.000. ese L. O. Howarp
IP TRESTAETTYS Reta rane otee Wer tacit 1S sae BERNE oe R. W. Harnep
arst VacesPresident ..).82 sae 4e ssc ah ee P. N. ANNAND
SAcond ice bresidentan nine saci see F. W. Poos
IREGOTGINGISEGT LATIN Is 4 ae ee eee ne W. H. AnpERson
Corresponding Secretary.....2..2+++-+-+% F. M. WapLey

LU PRESOU AAP ARO EE CM tae ea ey BO OSS G. J. HarussLerR
IOP OS basis OP ke NO EA ALAN STONE

Executive Committee....C. F. W. Mueseseck, H. E. Ewrne, E. N. Cory
To represent the Society as Vice-President of the Washington
Academy of Sciences. «- =< ta.< 0. +2. «.'. AUSTIN H.CrarK

No additional nominations were forthcoming from the floor. The secretary
was instructed to cast a unanimous ballot for the officers as nominated.
Several notes were presented as follows:

L. B. Reed spoke of the finding of thrips in canned tomatoes. The thrips
probably get into the tomatoes, on the vines, through cracks which are some-
times formed during ripening. The tomato may then heal over and the thrips
are imprisoned. It was considered most unlikely that the thrips are able
to enter sound fruit.

D. J. Caffrey exhibited seed pods of false indigo, Amorpha fructicosa from the
southwest which had been heavily infested by the bruchid, Acanthoscelides
hornt Pic. The seed pods are being considered as a possible source of rotenone.

E. A. Back showed pieces of board which had been heavily tunneled by
larvae of Dermestes lardarius L. The boards had been removed from a house
near a button factory. The larvae had migrated to the house after feeding
n the hoof storages and entered the boards to pupate.

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 1, JAN., 1943

W. H. Anderson presented a note, for E. R. Sasscer, on some remarkably
adorned specimens of Megazopherus chiliensis Gray. These tenbrionid beetles,
measuring nearly an inch and a half in length, are ‘‘dressed up” while alive, by
gluing to the dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen pieces of brightly colored
cloth. They are then tied to the front of ladies dresses by thread and worn as
ornaments, apparently crawling about.

C. B. Philip commended on a northern record for distribution of Anopheles
quadrimaculatus Say.

B. A. Porter reported that the Oriental fruit moth has been found in southern
California.

The regular program consisted of two talks by members of the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

1. The action of bean leaves against the bedbug. By H. H. Richardson.

Bean foliage had been reported as attractive to bed bugs and at the same time
toxic or stupefying. Experiments proved that about its only attraction was
as a place to hide. Furthermore its toxic effect was in reality a mechanical one.
The fine but strong, hooked hairs on the foliage caught the bugs and prevented
them from escaping. (Secretary’s abstract.) This talk was commented on by
Smith, Fracker, Jones, Philip, Wadley, Caffrey and McConnell.

2. Statistical methods as an aid in taxonomy. By F.M. Wadley. _

In taxonomic studies, two types of characters are utilized, qualitative and
quantitative. In the first type statistics plays no part unless to indicate proper
sampling methods. In the interpretation of quantitative characters, statistical
methods are often of considerable value. At times a simple ratio will provide
a significant difference between closely related forms. Often, however, it may
be necessary to utilize more than one ratio, involving more complex calculations,
to arrive at the desired result. (Secretary’s abstract.) This talk was com-
mented on by Fracker, Philip and McGovran.

Adjournment at 9:50 p. m.

Wixruram H. ANDERSON,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Fanuary 30, 1943.

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CONTENTS

BALDUF, W. V. AND SLATER, J. S. —ADDITIONS TO THE BIONOMICS OF SINEA
DIADEMA (FABR.) (REDUVIIDAE: HEMIPTERA)........... Hp ELaSN Loess eG

HALL, DAVID G.—A NEW SPECIES OF CUTEREBRA FROM KANSAS (DIPTERA:
CUTEREBRIDAE)....... Hs ERIE a8 5 Meats weoie Hea ba aa Pea Sirti 0

HARRIS, KENTON L.—SOME APPLICATIONS OF INSECT SEPARATION METHODS
TO ENTOMOLOGY......... Shar sth A etwas alte Bris wong Sa brese Olesya font eh ete tw ta oa te NG eth n

HULL, FRANK M.—SOME NOTES UPON THE TYPES OF NORTH AND SOUTH
AMERICAN SYRPHID FLIES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

SMITH, MARION R.—-ANTS OF THE GENUS TETRAMORIUM IN THE UNITED
STATES WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES....... Rie kponeveus oles

SMITH, MARION R.——PHEIDOLE (MACROPHEIDOLE) RHEA WHEELER, A VALID
SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) veges a eiahbveleve, a=.) ocala tase teepengeet ane

11

25

19

VOL. 45 February, 1943 No. 2

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VOL. 45 FEBRUARY, 1943 Nor 2

DESCRIPTION AND BIONOMICS OF CAECILIUS MANTERI
N. SP. (Corrodentia).'

By Katuryn M. SoMMERMAN,?
Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Ill.

During a study of the bionomics of some corn (maize) stalk-
infesting Corrodentia two species of Caecilius have been taken,
both of which appear tobe new. One of these, Caecilius mantert,
is the tenth species in this genus to be recorded from the United
States. It has been taken from Mt. Carmel, Conn., and Glen
Ellyn. Tl.

DESCRIPTION

Caecilius manteri, n. sp.

According to the characters mentioned by Chapman (2) and Aaron (1),
this species resembles Caecilius subflavus Aaron in size, paleness, general
uniform wing color, and the usual absence of hairs on the postcubital vein.
It differs from subflavus in color intensity, being darker, and in color
pattern of the head and wing veins.

C. manteri is most easily recognized by its small size, buff color, golden
brown eyes, fuscous lateral stripe, and tan forewings with veins brown in
the distal two-fifths.

Female.—(Figs. 3, 4). The range of measurements of ten specimens is
as follows: total length 2.07 mm. to 2.88 mm., head width 0.495 mm. to
0.549 mm., antennal length 1.647 mm. to 1.962 mm., and forewing length
1.665 mm. to 2.205 mm.

Head: Vertex clouded with light brown behind ocelli; front light brown;
ocelli pale; ocellar interval light brown; clypeus faintly lineated with eight

"Contribution No. 228 from the Entomological Laboratories of the
University of Illinois. This paper was included as a part of a thesis sub-
mitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master
of Science in Entomology in the Graduate School of the University of
Illinois, 1941.

> | wish to express my appreciation of the suggestions made by Professors
C. L. Metcalf and W. V. Balduf during this work. ‘Thanks are also due
Dr. A. B. Gurney of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Dr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,
and Mr. Nathan Banks of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
University, for their comparisons of Caecilius manteri n. sp. with closely
related species.

30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

or ten mesally directed brown bands fading anteriorly; labrum tan; fuscous
band from anterior margin of eye above base of antenna to clypeus, and
from rear margin of eye posteriorly. Length of thirteen antennal segments
in thefollowing proportions: Is 1:42) 228) 25224 = Ie al. / 2 eo leone
1.3 : 1.3: 1.8; first three and a half pale, others brown, darkest at tip.
Maxillary palpus light tan, dark at tip; fork of lacinia almost obscure.
Paraglossae pale. Eyes orange brown in living specimens, black in alco-
holic.

Thorax: Irregular fuscous band along pleura, across episternum and
epimeron of prothorax, following dorsal margin of anepisternum of ptero-
thoracic segments to abdomen; anterior surface of middle lobe of mesothor-
acic scutum brown, dorsal part of lateral lobes of mesothoracic scutum
light brown; scutoscutellar suture very prominent on mesoscutum; lateral
lobes of mesothoracic scutum light brown, pleura and sterna buff, tinged
with tan; ventrally mesothoracic katepisterna orange brown. Legs pale,
anterior tibiae darkest brown, second segment of tarsus darker than first,
claws dark brown. Forewing tan, slightly darker toward base, first vanal
cell darkest; veins brown in distal two-fifths, hyaline in basal three-fifths;
stigma opaque, hairy. Hind wings almost hyaline.

Abdomen: Pale buff with infuscate dorso-lateral stripe. Genitalia
(Fig. 5) colorless; subgenital plate (Sg. P.) not greatly modified, apex
bluntly pointed and non-pilose. Gonapophyses (G.) consist of two pairs
of slender, sharp-pointed parallel blades, similar to those of Caecilius
posticus Banks as figured by Chapman (2). Distal half of lateral sclerites
of tenth tergum covered with setae. Sensory tubercles (S. T.) light brown,
covered with long delicate setae. Suranal plate (Sa. P.) pilose, with two
longer setae distally.

Male.—Not known.

Ty pe locality —Mt. Carmel, Connecticut.

Holotype-—Female, Ill. State Nat. Hist. Surv., Urbana, III.

Paraty pes —Two females, Ill. State Nat. Hist. Surv., Urbana,
Ill. Three females, U.S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C. Three
females, Mus. of Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge,
Mass. ‘Three females, author’s collection.

This species is named in honor of my former teacher, Professor
J. A. Manter of the Department of Zoology, University of
Connecticut.

Anomalies in wing venation were observed chiefly in the
cubital and median veins. In Figure 13, M, and M34, are fused
at the base. In Figure 14 there is a cross-vein between R—M
and Cu, and in Figure 15 M;4,is absent. Some of these peculi-
arities occurred on both forewings. A few specimens had one
or two setae on the postcubital vein, as in Caecilius croesus
Chapman, but in the majority this vein was bare.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 3]
BIONOMICS.

From the original group of six eggs collected on the inner
surface of a corn sheath December 30, 1939, five nymphs hatched
and four matured. These were females and all the adults
raised under laboratory conditions, from the F, through the
F, generation, likewise were females. It is evident that par-
thenogenesis exists in this species; so males probably do not
occur. Of the thirty-five United States species belonging to
this family, this is one of eleven in which only the female is
known, and of the ten species included in this genus it is the
only one known to be parthenogenetic.

viposition.—lgg laying started from one to three days after
moulting to the adult and continued one to three weeks. Usually
a small number of eggs was laid the first time, and likewise the
number dwindled as the end of the oviposition period ap-
proached. ‘The eggs were laid in groups from one to eleven,
but most commonly in masses of four, five, seven or eight.
Although the females seemed to prefer the surface of the corn,
eggs sometimes were laid on the glass of the cages. The num-
ber of egg masses per individual ranged from one to twenty.
Sometimes two masses were laid in one day. The maximum
number of eggs deposited by any one individual was ninety-five.
Death occurred from one to three days after oviposition ceased.

Eggs were deposited one at a time with an interval between,
during which the female nibbled about on the sheath, returning
often to the previously laid eggs. Finally the abdomen was
pressed down beside the other eggs for a few seconds, and when
it was raised the egg remained. After the last egg had been
laid the process of covering the mass with silk began. The
female touched her labium to the sheath here and there, then
over the eggs, back and forth continuously, until the mass was
covered with a delicate sheet of densely laid strands. The two
individuals observed, worked in general, from the circumference
of the mass in toward the center. It required fifteen minutes
for one female to cover a mass of eight eggs, and ten minutes for
the other to cover a group of four. Rarely were masses found
lacking the sheet of silk.

Egg Stage—The eggs (Fig. 1) are oblong with rounded ends
and slightly curved sides. The surface is smooth and shiny.
Measurements of fifteen eggs chosen at random averaged 0.418
mm. in length and 0.181 mm. in width. The eggs were white
when first laid, but after thirty-six hours or so the vitelline
membrane turned an iridescent bluish-brown dorsally. There
remained at the anterior end an irregular U-shaped, light colored
area. Some eggs about twenty-four hours old, still almost
white, seemed to darken immediately while under the micro-
scope light. ‘The only external signs of embryonic develop-

Sy PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

ment were the darkening of the vitelline membrane and the
appearance of the dark eyes of the embryo through the chorion
on the fifth day. Of fifteen egg masses, six hatched on the
sixth day, two partly on the sixth and partly on the seventh,
and seven on the seventh.

Hatching —The U-shaped, light colored area at the dorso-
anterior end of the egg widened. The chorion and vitelline
membrane split and in a minute the head of the pronymph was
seen coming out. The egg burster (Fig. 2) is borne on the
front of the head inside the membrane surrounding the nymph.
This differs from the reports of Wachter (7) and Peyerimhoff (4)
who state that the egg burster ruptures the chorion, and that
the vitelline membrane is broken by internal pressure, which
implies that the egg burster is on the outside of the vitelline
membrane. Observations during this work indicate that the
chorion and vitelline membrane break first, probably due to
internal pressure, and the embryo surrounded by the intact «
pronymphal membrane emerges. The egg burster is wishbone-
shaped and each arm contains twelve or thirteen teeth. The
front of the head appeared to be pulsating and when viewed from
the side the pronymphal membrane could be seen stretched
tightly across the burster. ‘Then the eye facets showed dis-
tinctly, also the pubescence on the front of the head, indicating
the sudden casting of the pronymphal membrane. [ive minutes
later bubbles of air were seen passing along inside the head.
When the nymph was about three-quarters of the way out a
continuous stream of bubbles appeared to be going down the
oesophagous. The legs and antennae were finally freed from
the pronymphal membrane in thirteen minutes from the time
hatching started. This was brought about by the process of
body inflation, aided by a forward and backward swaying of
the body. The nymph remained quietly in a vertical position
for a minute then bent over, freeing the tip of the abdomen.
It remained practically motionless and no more bubbles could
be seen passing within. The large bubble inside extended
into the abdomen about three-quarters of its length. At this
time the nymph was long and narrow, longer than the egg.
Slight abdominal movements followed, after which the large
bubble extended into the head as far as the posterior margin of
the eyes. Within twenty minutes the abdomen had contracted
until it was shorter than the rest of the body, but it lengthened
again after feeding. The pronymphal exuviae bearing the
egg burster always remained partly extruded from the chorion.

Postembryonic Development.—The first instar nymph (Fig.
7) is buff with an indication of a lateral fuscous stripe extending
from the rear margin of the black eyes to the abdomen. The
antennae are eight-segmented. Feeding commenced shortly
after hatching. ‘The first instar period required 3.4 days.

9

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 38

The second instar nymph (Fig. 8) is similar to the first in
color, but the lateral fuscous stripe is more pronounced and
appears, in addition, from the eyes to the antennae. ‘The an-
tennae are twelve or thirteen-segmented. ‘The division of the
third segment is not so distinct as the others. Apparently the
third (?), fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh antennal segments of
the first instar nymph give rise to two segments each. The
second instar period required 3.3 days.

The third instar nymph (Fig. 9) is similar to the second, but
the lateral fuscous stripe is more pronounced, the eyes are
lighter in color, and there is a tendency in some specimens
toward a cloudiness along the abdomen. ‘The wing pads appear
for the first time in this instar. ‘The third instar period required
DO edays:

The fourth instar nymph (Fig. 10), fifth (Fig. 11) and sixth
(Fig. 12) are similar to the third in color pattern, and besides
the general increase in size and the gradual change in eye color,
there is little noticeable difference. ‘The wing pads, which are
thin in the early part of each instar period, become thicker as
development progresses, and are very plump and project de-
cidedly from the body the day before moulting. The wing
pads about double their length with each moult. The fourth,
fifth and sixth instar periods averaged 3.2, 3.0 and 3.9 days
respectively. Averages of the measurements of eleven to fifteen
specimens in each instar are given in the following table (Meas-
urements in mm.):

Instar First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm.
Peadumidthewicns “0.184 0.235, -0.291_ 0.364 0.405, 0.512
Antennaulengthans |) Ose wOns27. SOn654) iON859) ws leil2) ~ s566
Hore wanipwlene thi sees. = aeeieie- esac = OR094S LOS Sa ORS49S Opal.

The complete nymphal period averaged 19.8 days, which
undoubtedly varies with the amount of food available in the
form of fungous growths; since the nymphal period of twenty-
eight days was cut to nineteen when the pieces of corn sheath
were changed every other day, instead of only two or three
times during the nymphal period.

Immediately after the sixth moult the adult is light in color
like the nymphs, but the eyes are a bright orange brown.
Pigmentation proceeds rapidly, for within an hour, the lines
on the clypeus show, and the distal part of the wing veins is
dark. The adult period averaged 12 days, with the maximum
being 26 days. The total of all the life stages averaged 38 days.

Moulting —Judging from the grouping of the exuviae, in most
cases there seemed to be a tendency for the nymph to return
to the same spot when ready for the next moult. Almost all

34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

the exuviae were in a vertical position with the head down.
The process of moulting was not observed for all instars, but
required about five minutes for those observed. ‘The epidermis
split along the top of the head and thorax. ‘The caeciliid arched
up, with the antennae held down along the sides of the body.
The head was finally freed and gradually the nymph rose up
until it was actually resting on the end of the abdomen, although
the tarsi of the exuviae were in contact with the substratum.
When almost vertical the antennae were released, then the
legs. During all this time air bubbles were being swallowed
and the abdomen stretched out. After exercising the legs it
bent over, freeing the tip of the abdomen, and stood beside the
exuviae. After a short time the abdomen contracted to its
normal length.

Habits—Nymphs and adults were s eee eating fungous
hyphae that extended along the inside of the glass cage. ‘They
were at times observed attempting to feed on their own excre-
ment, but the pellets were too large for them to chew. Occasion-
ally exuviae could not be accounted for and may have been
eaten, but the majority were not. This species must have
depended almost entirely on fungus for food because it did not
appear to feed on the eggs, exuviae, epidermis or mesophyll of
the corn sheath. Silk webbing was deposited by all instars
and adults, but it was hardly noticeable. In contrast to this,
the eggs were covered with a very dense sheet of silk. ‘This
ee reacted to moisture by giving a sudden start as if aware
of the presence of water when the plugs were moistened, and
presumably took moisture from the wet cotton plugs in the
cages described by the writer, Sommerman (5). This is a deli-
cate species, dying if the food was not changed often, or the cot-
ton plugs in the cages kept moist. Because of this sensitivity
colony cultures were not successful.

Overwintering—There is a decided lack of field information
concerning this species. The five egg masses taken during this
study were found on the inner surface of the corn sheaths, about
four or five feet up on the erect stalks. Tour of these egg masses
were collected March 14, 1941, in Glen Ellyn, Ill., by Miss A.
Edmondson, and they all hatched and matured. Since the
eggs collected in Mt. Carmel, Conn., on December 30, 1939,
also hatched, and since adults were not found on the corn at
either time, although those of Ectopsocus pumilis (Banks) were
present, it seems possible that this species Overwinters only in
the egg stage. This is further suggested by collection and rear-
ing data of Caecilius aurantiacus Hagen from the banks of the
Middlefork River near Danville, Ill. Egg masses of C. auran-
tiacus, collected on fallen leaves of maple, cottonwood, willow
and elm hatched in February and March when brought inside
at that time, while others of C. aurantiacus that were left out of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 35

doors hatched April 8, 1940, and neither living nymphs nor
adults were found throughout the winter.

Parasitism—Alaptus caecilii Girault (Hym. Mymaridae)
has been recorded from Florida from ‘‘psocid eggs,” and from
California from the eggs of Caecilius aurantiacus Hagen accord-
ing to Girault (3), and from Ectopsocus californicus (Banks)
according to Spruyt (6). The following record from Illinois
suggests the possibility of continuous widespread distribution.
Adults of Alaptus caecilii, determined by Mr. A. B. Gahan of
the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, emerged
December 18 from eggs of Caecilius aurantiacus collected Octo-
ber 28, 1939. ‘Two emerging adults of this parasite were timed
and it required forty-eight and fifty-two minutes to chew a
hole in the chorion through which to emerge. According to
Spruyt (Il. c.) a related species, Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan,
emerges from the host egg by moistening the shell and pushing
its way out. Eighty-five egg masses (799 eggs) of C. auranti-
acus were collected in an hour on February 15, 1940, near Dan-
ville as mentioned above. ‘These were left out of doors until
March 7, then brought into the laboratory. ‘They hatched
March 13 and 14. Parasites emerged from the non-hatched
eggs March 30. ‘The nymphal stage of the caeciliid lasted
about two weeks in the colony cultures; so it 1s obvious that
these parasites emerge about the time the host is depositing
eggs. It was interesting to note that on January 11 of the
following year when a collection was made in the same place
only one egg mass was found, from which caeciliids emerged
in the spring. Either the parasites had been very successful
in reducing the numbers of the host the previous year, or
environmental conditions were not favorable.

Some freshly laid eggs of C. manteri were subjected to Alaptus
caecilu adults that had emerged from the eggs of C. aurantiacus
on April 5. Three days later the yolk of the caeciliid egg was
moving. On April 9 motion still continued and on April 10
there was just an occasional pulsation. On April 11 two dark
spots, probably the eyes (transmitted light) connected by a
narrow band could be seen at one end of the egg, and at the
other an apparently empty space. At this time no movement
was observed. On April 17 there was still no movement, and
on April 30 adult parasites emerged. Thus the period from
oviposition to emergence required twenty-five days in this
particular instance. In another case C. manteri eggs, lacking
one day of hatching, were subjected to the parasites and it
appeared as though oviposition had occurred, but the following
day the nymphs hatched, apparently with no ill effects.

On March 16 another group of Alaptus caecili1 adults emerged
from the eggs of C. aurantiacus; and freshly laid eggs of C.
mantert were exposed to them. Parasites emerged from these

36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

on April 2; so a new mass of C. mantert eggs was put in. Adult
parasites emerged from this egg mass on April 17. The com-
pletion of two generations of parasites on the eggs of C. mantert
in the laboratory suggests that the eggs might well be parasitized
by this species under natural conditions. ‘Thus in two cases
the period from oviposition to emergence of 4. caecilit was
sixteen and fifteen days respectively.

SUMMARY

Eggs of Caecilius manteri have been taken from corn stalks in
Illinois and Connecticut. This species is parthenogenetic.
The eggs are smooth-shelled and are laid in masses covered
with a dense sheet of silk. Abundance of food in the form of
fungus affects the maturing eggs, more being laid when food is
plentiful. The egg burster, apparently on the inside of the
pronymphal membrane, is used to puncture the latter, while
the chorion and vitelline membrane are probably broken by
internal pressure. ‘The egg stage requires about six days.
The nymphs swallow air bubbles at hatching and at moulting.
The pronymphal membrane, with the egg burster attached, 1s
always found protruding from the chorion after hatching. The
antennae are eight-segmented in the first instar, twelve or
thirteen-segmented in the second, and _ thirteen-segmented
thereafter. Wing pads appear on the third instar and about
double their length with each moult. During moulting the
nymphs are in a vertical position with their heads down. ‘The
nymphal stage requires about nineteen days, and the adult
stage lasts about twelve days. ‘Thirty-eight days is the total
time required for the three life stages, egg, nymph and adult.
Silk is deposited by all nymphs and adults. The winter is
probably spent in the egg stage. In the laboratory C. manteri
has been successfully parasitized by Alaptus caecilii Girault, a
parasite of Caecilius aurantiacus Hagen.

LITERATURE CITED.

1. Aaron, S. F. On Some New Psocidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,
Vole 38s pads. ele fice liseo:

2. Cuapman, P. J. Corrodentia of the United States of America: 1.
Suborder Isotecnomera. Jour. New York Ent. Soc., Vol. 38, pp.
219-290, 319-403, 10 Pls. 1930.

3. Grrautt, A. A. A Monographic Catalogue of the Mymarid Genus
Alaptus Haliday, with Descriptions of Three New North Ameri-
can Forms and of Alaptus iceryae Riley from Type Material.
Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 1, pp. 189-191, fig. 3. 1908.

4. Peyerimuorr, P. pe. Le Mecanisme de L’eclosion Chez Les Psoques.

Ann. Ent. Soc. France., Vol. 70, pp. 149-152. 1901.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE |

EGG MASS

EGG BURSTER

FEMALE

CAECILIUS MANTER/ N.SP

SS
ple cor

SONY =
REDS RS Pearl ea pny a nea
SOAS So

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OAs
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EGG PARASITE
ALAPTUS CAEC/L// GIRAULT

B)
GENITALIA

[37]

voi. 45

i}

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH

2

PLATE

YVLSNI HLXIS
Al

YVLSNI LSYI4 ths

Sp Sasa

[38]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 39

5. SommerMAN, K. M. Rearing Technique For Corrodentia. Entomo-
logical News, Vol. 53, pp. 259-26], Fig. 1. Nov., 1942.

6. Spruyt, F. J. Notes on Alaptus psocidivorus Gahan, A New Species
of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera). Pan-Pacific Ent., Vol. 3, No. 4,
pp. 182-184. April, 1927.

7. Wacuter, S. The Hatching of the Eggs of Peripsocus californicus
Banks) Pan=-Pacitie Hint. Vols 2, No. 2; pp. 87=89: Oct: 11925.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE I.

. Egg mass covered with silk sheet.

Figure 2. Tip of egg burster.

Figure 3. Female (lateral view).

Figure 4. Female (dorsal view).

Figure 5. Genitalia (ventral view), Sg. P. subgenital plate, G. gonapophy-
ses, 5. T. sensory tubercles, Sa. P. suranal plate.

Figure

wm

Figure 6. Adult of Alaptus caecilii Girault (dorsal view of female).

PLATE II.

Figure 7. First instar.

Figure 8. Second instar.

Figure 9. Third instar.

Figure 10. Fourth instar.

Figure 11. Fifth instar.

Figure 12. Sixth instar.

Figures 13, 14, 15. Variability in wing venation.

A NEW SERICOTHRIPS ON ELM
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

By J. C. Crawrorp,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture.

The leaves of elm have long been searched for Thysanoptera
by Floyd Andre and by the author but without success. This
year, however, Dr. Andre found adults and nymphs of Serico-
thrips nubilipennis Hood on the fully developed leaves, and at
the same time the following new species was discovered in the
unfolding young leaves.

Sericothrips andrei, new species.

Female (holotype).—Length (somewhat distended) 1.05 mm. Body
dark brown with much suffused reddish internal pigmentation, femora

40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

almost as dark as body but much lighter colored basally and apically, tibiae
yellowish white, each with a median light brown annulus (that on fore tibia
rather faint in some specimens), tarsi yellowish white; antennae III-V
light colored in basal portions, VI not pedicellate; forewing very dark gray
brown, with 2 narrow, clear crossbands of about equal length, and with
apex clear, the first clear band just beyond anal lobe and about as long as
basal dark area, the second at middle of wing, about twice as long as the
basal one (but in some specimens narrowed and somewhat darkened),
the third dark band fading gradually into the hyaline wing tip; normally
with 2 accessory bristles on forewing back of main vein (1 female paratype
with a third accessory bristle on each forewing in the dark band beyond the
basal one); hind wing gray brown and with a dark median longitudinal
stripe; lines of microsetae on surface of wings dark brown; combs complete
on terga VII-VIII but on VI, between the long lateral comb bristles, there
are irregularly placed stubs of bristles, sometimes even in the middle of the
tergum; on terga II-V no medial bristles on apical margins; body and wing
bristles dark brown.

Head short, transverse, distinctly more than twice as broad as long;
cheeks almost straight, very slightly converging caudad; a few faint trans-
verse wrinkles just back of ocelli; fine, transverse, anastomosing lines at
rear of head in front of, and back of, occipital carina; ocellar triangle ele-
vated, with median ocellus directed somewhat forward; ocellar crescents
dark red; anteocellar bristles long, strong, curved, and directed upwards;
interocellars shorter and weaker than anteocellars, just back of and slightly
farther apart than the width of median ocellus; eyes protruding; frontal
costa with a wide U-shaped emargination; antennae | and II brown, with
II lighter apically; III light brownish yellow, darkening to light brown
beyond trichome; IV slightly darker, with most of apical half brown; V
still darker, with apical half brown (in some specimens the light color of
III-V is much more yellowish with V brown even basally and the differenti-
ation in color between its basal and apical parts very slight); VI-VIII
brown; III with a very narrow colorless white line just beyond pedicel.

Pronotum with anterior margin of blotch defined by an almost black line,
within the blotch and cephalad of the anterior pair of smooth spots the
transverse lines strong, close together, subparallel and very spasely anasto-
mosing; back of this the transverse lines strong, much farther part, sparsely
anastomosing; in front of the blotch the transverse lines still farther apart
than those caudad within the blotch, broken or sparsely anastomosing;
mesoscutum and scutellum with sculpture arranged as usual in the genus
but very strong; costa with 25-26 bristles, fore vein with 3415-16.

Abdomen with dorsal lines of dark-brown hair on terga I-VIII, on terga
I-II these absent between the pair of discal bristles, on [II-VI present
basally between the discal bristles in successively increasing longitudinal
areas; antecostal line on II-VII black, weaker medially on II-V.

Measurements (of holotype in microns): Head, length from occipital
carina 62, total length 68, greatest width (across eyes) 152, least width 138;
prothorax, median length 124, greatest width 172; pterothorax, median
length 168, greatest width 232; hind tibia 192; ovipositor 228. Bristles,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 4]

interocellar 26; inner postocular 24; inner bristle on dorsum of antenna II
38; posterior angular of pronotum 60; on tergum IX, subapical row of 4
pairs, inner to outer, 58, 38, 50, 36; lateral marginal 52; discals, inner 44,
outer 49; on tergum X, both pairs, 68.

Antenna: 1 2 3 4° 5 6. a (aS
Length, DESO Oe oe 0b 485 1 6

Male (allotype).—Length (somewhat distended) 0.85 mm. Very similar
to female, except in secondary sexual characters but with the bases of
femora almost white, and with the stubs of bristles forming the median
section of the comb on tergum VI more apparent and regular, complete
across margin; hair-bands medianly on basal segments less apparent; ster-
nal sensory areas not apparent; costa with 24, fore vein with 3 (—4) +13
bristles.

Measurements (of allotype in microns): Head, median length 60, greatest
width 140; prothorax, median length 100, greatest width 152; pterothorax,
median length 148, greatest width 196; posterior angular bristles 46.

Antenna: Lie aot oe BOR. 8
Length, My 33 4 ay 86 2A @ ig

Type locality —Falls Church, Va.

Host— Unfolding young elm leaves.

Type—Catalog No. 56482, United States National Museum.

Described from 12 females and 2 males taken as follows: 1
female, August 23; 1 female, August 25; 8 females and 1 male
(including holotype and allotype), August 27; 1 female, Sep-
tember 1; 1 female and 1 male, September 2, 1942; Floyd Andre,
collector.

The previously described dark-colored species of the Nearctic
Region differ in part as follows: Sericothrips baptisiae Hood has
the pronotum with only the blotch dark colored and normally
it has two accessory wing bristles back of the main vein of the
forewing, although in a series taken near Sunken Meadows (10
miles east of Huntington), Long Island, N. Y., September 11,
1935, on Baptista, by W. S. Fields, almost every specimen has
only one such bristle. S. pulchellus Hood, also with two acces-
sory wing bristles, has the area within the pronotal blotch
transversely striate but outside the blotch the surface is reticu-
late. S. moulton1 Jones, with only one accessory wing bristle,
has terga II-VI light brown contrasting strongly with the
dark brown of terga VII-X. S. langet Moulton, with one
accessory wing bristle, has the comb complete only on tergum
VIII and antenna I-IV whitish yellow with I slightly brownish
and V whitish yellow at base. S. cingulatus Hinds has terga
IV—VI white and has no accessory wing bristles.

42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

TWO NEW CHRYSOPS FROM CHINA
(Diptera: Tabanidae)

By L. L. Pecnuman, Medina, New York.

The specimens on which these descriptions are based were
found in some exotic Chrysops material sent to the writer by the
United States National Museum. The courtesy of Dr. Alan
Stone in making this material available for study is greatly
appreciated.

Chrysops striatula, new species.

Female.—Length 9 mm. Head: Antennae slender; first and second
segments yellow with black hairs; base of third segment brownish, flagel-
lum black. Front dull yellow pollinose; frontal callosity black. Fronto-
clypeus shining yellow with a dark spot on each side. Cheeks yellow
pollinose; frontal callosity black. Frontoclypeus shining yellow with a
dark spot on each side. Cheeks yellow pollinose with a dark denuded area
below. Palpi yellow. Proboscis fuscous.

Thorax: Dorsum black with two pale lines down the center and later-
ally above the wing base. Pleurae fuscous with a few yellow pollinose
areas. Halteres brown. Legs mostly yellow; middle and hind coxae and
apical tarsal segments black; posterior tibiae with long black hairs. Wing
as figured; basal cells almost entirely hyaline; outer margin of the cross-
band nearly straight. The crossband does not reach the posterior margin
of the wing; fourth posterior cell slightly more than half infuscated. Apical
spot narrow, only slightly wider than the marginal cell, extending into the
extreme apex of the second submarginal cell.

Fig. 1.—Wing of Chrysops striatula, n. sp. @

Abdomen: Predominantly yellow; first tergite without markings; a
double black line begins about the center of the second tergite and extends
the length of the abdomen; another black line, beginning on the third
tergite and extending faintly on the second tergite, runs parallel with the
double line near the lateral margins of each segment. Sternites yellow;
a black line begins on the second sternite and runs to the end of the abdo-
abdomen.

Male.—Length 9 mm. Head: First antennal segment yellow, second

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 43

segment and base of third brownish-yellow, flagellum black. Frontocly-
peus shining yellow-brown with a dark spot on each side. Cheeks yellow
pollinose. Palpi slender, yellowish with dark hair. Proboscis fuscous.

Thorax: Markings asin female. Halteresfuscous. Legs predominantly
yellow; middle and hind coxae, apical half of anterior tibia, anterior tarsi,
and apical segments of middle and hind tarsi black; posterior tibiae with
long black hairs. Wing pattern much like that of female, but first basal
cell about half and second basal cell about one-quarter infuscated; fourth
posterior cell wholly infuscated so apical spot reaches margin of wing.

Abdomen: Pattern much like that of female, but lateral stripes dis-
tinctly begin on the second tergite.

Type data—Holotype female, Suifu, Szechuen, China, April
18, 1930 (D. C. Graham). Allotype male, Suifu, Szechuen,
China, August (D. C. Graham). Four female and four male
paratypes from Suifu and Chungking, collected in May and
October are included in the series. “The Chungking specimens
are labeled ‘‘1—2000 ft.”. ‘Two damaged males and one dam-
aged female are undoubtedly this species, but are not included
in the paratype series. Holotype, allotype and four paratypes
are in the collection of the United States National Museum.
Two female and two male paratypes are in the collection of the
writer.

There is no essential variation in any of the specimens studied.
Some males show more intense black stripes than the allotype
and in one specimen the stripes are fainter.

Chrysops striatula superficially resembles C. mlokosiewiczi
Bigot and C. vanderwulpi Krober, but is easily separated by the
infuscated discal cell.

Chrysops aenea, new species.

r

Female.—Length 9.5 mm. Head: Antennae black, rather stout; first
two segments with long black hairs. Front dull orange-brown, thickly
covered with pale hairs. Frontal callosity black. Frontoclypeus orange
pollinose, covered with long pale hairs. There is a small dark denuded
spot on each side of the frontoclypeus and two very small denuded spots
directly above the margin of the mouth. Cheeks orange pollinose shading
to fuscous below; a small denuded area is present on the lower part of each
cheek. Palpi orange. Proboscis fuscous.

Thorax: Dorsum greenish black with golden hairs and faint indications
of two yellow longitudinal stripes; a yellow stripe runs the length of the
thorax directly above the base of the wing. Scutellum greenish black.
Pleurae fuscous with golden hairs, partly yellow pollinose. Halteres
black. Legs slender; all coxae and femora black; anterior femora with a
reddish tinge; all tibiae and tarsi orange-brown with apex of anterior tibia
and apical tarsal segments shading to fuscous. Wing as figured; wing
membrane with a brownish tinge and wing picture not sharply defined;
first basal cell about two-thirds and second basal cell about one-third

44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, JAN., 1943

infuscated; the crossband reaches the wing margin only along the vein
separating the fifth posterior and anal cells; a narrow projection reaches
from the crossband to the bend in the upper branch of the third longitudi-
nal vein. The apical spot is practically separated from the crossband,
crossing broadly over the upper branch of the third longitudinal vein but
not extending very far into the second submarginal cell.

vy
Pratt E>
eee

Hisceese

Fig. 2.—Wing of Chrysops aenea, n. sp. 9

Abdomen: First four tergites predominantly orange; first tergite with
two black separated spots partly concealed beneath the scutellum; second
tergite with two similar spots arising from the anterior margin and extend-
ing three-quarters of the way to the posterior margin; third and fourth
tergites similar to the second but the spots are smaller and in addition a
small black spot les on the lateral margin of each segment; fifth tergite
with two more or less united black spots on each side, leaving an orange
area between them and an orange posterior margin; sixth and seventh
tergites black with an orange posterior margin. First four sternites
orange with a fuscous spot in the center; remaining sternites fuscous with
an orange posterior margin. Entire abdomen thickly clothed with golden
hairs.

Type data.—Holotype female, Yellow Dragon Gorge near
Songpan, Szechuen, China, 12,000—14,000 ft., 1924 (D> ©
Graham). ‘Three female paratypes bear the same data.
Holotype and one paratype in the collection of the United States
National Museum; two paratypes in the collection of the writer.

Chrysops aenea apparently is related to C. pettigrewt Ricardo
and C. semiignita Krober, two other species found at high
altitudes in the same general part of the world, but is easily
distinguished. C. pettigrewt has completely black legs, com-
pletely infuscated fourth and fifth posterior cells, a quadrate
spot on the first tergite and lacks black spots on the second
tergite. C. semiignita has completely black legs, heavily infus-
cated basal and fourth posterior cells and has a solid or narrowly
divided black band running the length of the abdomen.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 45

A NEW RELATIONSHIP OF THE BURSA COPULATRIX TO
THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN LEPIDOPTERA.

Josepu L. Wituiiams, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania.

INTRODUCTION.

This work grew out of one of a series of investigations con-
ducted with the hope of gaining some light on the relationship
of monotreme to diplotreme Lepidoptera. The former group
represents the primitive forms with one genital opening and the
latter those with two genital openings. ‘The author wishes to
acknowlecge with thanks Dr. E. P. Darlington for supplying
the material and to the officials of Hampton Institute in whose
laboratory this investigation was done.

MaTERIALsS AND Meruops.

The material consisted of pickled specimens of Schoenobius for-
ficellus Thun. (=longtrostrellus Clem.) that were killed and
preserved in 70% alcohool. Pickled material of long standing
is not at all satisfactory for making good dissections, but is
considerably better than softened dried material. The most
satisfactory material is that which is killed and dissected im-
mediately in physiological salt solution. If specimens are
allowed to remain exposed to the heat of a warm summer day
for an hour or two they become more difficult to dissect. This
difficulty can be prevented by keeping freshly killed specimens
cool in a refrigerator or moist in a humidor. This particular
material was dissected in 50% alcohol. The density of this
solution allows the fragile material to settle to the bottom of the
dissecting dish and is, therefore, easier to handle. Staining was
in 70% alcoholic eosin and dehydration was continued up
through 95% alcohol. Clearing was in xylene. This substance
is not at all satisfactory as a clearing agent, since it causes the
material to harden and shrink too much. Certain clearing
oils as cedar-wood, etc., are better clearing agents than xylene
for this bulky material.

It was found, although it may seem sloppy, that material
partially cleared in xylene and which is covered over with
balsam to prevent spoiling and allowed to remain in a dust
proof container for several days is quite satisfactory. This
method allows the water to escape through the chitin covering
the eggs in the egg-tubes and from such bulky parts as the bursa
copulatrix. It is difficult to extract the water from the ovaries
of Gastropacha quercifolia L. and other large insects by any other
method except forced drying with the aid of an electric heater.
The drying time depends upon the bulkiness of the organs. Re-
productive organs treated in this manner may remain indefinitely
as long as they are covered sufficiently with balsam. At a con-

46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

venient time more balsam is added and a suitable cover-glass is
placed on, resting upon small pieces of broken glass to prevent
crushing.

OBSERVATIONS.

The sac (D) may be bursal or spermathecal and is attached
to the bursa proper by means of the short duct (EF). ‘This sac is
definitely connected to the tube (C), which leads to the vagina.
This condition was found to be true in several specimens dis-
sected. ‘Tube (C) is homologous to the spermathecal duct found
in other Lepidoptera. ‘The short extension (1), which may be
the spermathecal gland extends free and above the attachment
of tube (C) and sac (D). A narrow lumen was observed to
extend from tube (C) into sac (D). The bursa copulatrix is
also connected to the vagina by means of the seminal duct.

&

Fig. Female genitalia of Schoenobius forficellus.

Duct (E) is only about one-third as long as the seminal duct.
The seminal duct of S. forficellus is homologous to that found
in other diplotreme Lepidoptera. The reproductive organs
were so cleared that the lumen in the lower bursal duct could
be seen to bifurcate with branches leading to duct (E) and to
the seminal duct.

Discussion.

This new relationship makes three types of bursal relation-
ships in the reproductive systems of female Lepidoptera, The

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 47

first of these is found in the primitive forms where the bursa
copulatrix is joined directly to the vagina. Seminal fluid,
therefore, must pass from the spermatophore, which is situated
in the bursa copulatrix and through the bursal duct where it
enters into the vagina. ‘This fluid then passes from the vagina
into the spermatheca. It seems peculiar that spermatozoa
in the spermatheca should fertilize the eggs as they pass through
the vagina when spermatozoa from the bursa copulatrix are
able to get into the vagina. In other words it would seem that
there should be no need for the spermatheca. However, fertili-
zation takes place only with sperm from the spermatheca.
Usually females are quiet for a period immediately after pairing
and no doubt sperm are being transferred from the bursa copula-
trix to the spermatheca during this quiet period. The author
has observed the chitinous tubes of the seminal duct, vagina
and spermathecal duct directly connected together in a partially
disintegrated reproductive system of the European corn borer
(Pyrausta nubilalis). ‘There must be one or more valves through
which the flow of sperm passing from the bursa copulatrix into
the spermatheca and from the spermatheca into the vagina is
regulated. ‘The second type of bursal relationship in the female
reproductive system is the connection of the bursa to the vagina
by means of the seminal duct. In all females of this type the
seminal duct joins the vagina, but its attachment to the bursa
varies according to the species. ‘The seminal duct may arise
from the bursal duct as it does in Catocala palaeogama Gn. or it
may arise from the junction of the bursal sac and bursal duct as
it does in C. amatrix Hbn. or it may arise from the bursal sac as
it does in Scepsts fulvicollis Hbn. Species belonging to this
type have no connection between the bursa copulatrix and
spermatheca. ‘The third type, of course, is that reported in
this paper.

There are three types of spermathecae found in Lepidoptera.
The first type consists of a chamber with the spermathecal
gland extending from it as that in Utetheisa bella L. The second
type consists of a chamber with a sac extending from the lower
part of the chamber by a short duct, which varies in length
according to the species. An example of this type is found in
Arctia caja L. The third type has no sac as that of the second
type, but the spermathecal duct expands into a cavity near the
vagina. ‘This last type is found in Drepanulatrix liberaria Wk.
The spermatheca of S. forficellus does not agree with either of
the above types, since there is an uncertainty concerning sac
(D). If sac (D) is spermathecal then the spermatheca of this
species would agree with that in type one.

The reproductive system of higher Lepidoptera differs from
that in other insects, since there are two genital openings. The
first opening, through which pairing takes place, is situated on

48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

the middle of the 8th abdominal sternum. ‘This opening is also
homologous to that found in other insects except primitive Lepi-
doptera. Inother insects except Lepidoptera it serves as a pair-
ing and egg-laying orifice. In primitive Lepidoptera, for example
yucca moths, this opening serves as an egg-laying, pairing and
digestive outlet orifice. In diplotreme Lepidoptera eggs are
laid through a second opening situated on the middle of the 9th
sternum. Just why this is the case and to what advantage it is
to these forms is a question. Comparative reproductive
studies thus far fail to give any light on this subject. It would
be easy if one could think of the monotremes as being the an-
cestors of the diplotreme group, but this is hardly true. Peter-
sen has worked out the evolution of diplotremes from the mono-
tremes and also show further changes in diplotremes towards
the highest type based on the attachment of the seminal duct
to the bursa copulatrix. He claims that the highest diplotreme
has its seminal duct extending from the bursal sac as that in S.
fulvicollis. He further states that the lowext diplotreme has its
seminal duct attached to the lower bursal duct and that the
degree of specialization depends upon the degree of elevation
of the seminal duct, until it extends from the top of the bursal
sac. Petersen states further that the seminal duct in the highest
diplotreme is long with a small diameter and that an inter-
mediate form has a short duct with a rather large diameter.
He lists Psyche unicolor as an intermediate form. Petersen’s
reasoning is hardly sound, since the size and length of the seminal
duct vary in the same family or even in the same genus. ‘The
length of the seminal duct varies considerably in species of the
family Psychidae. The seminal duct of S. forficellus is rather
short and extends from the lower bursal duct. The probable
spermatheco-bursal duct is shorter than the seminal duct, but
is of alarger diameter. Its anatomy makes it appear to be more
important than the seminal duct. It is a difficult matter to
classify this species as a high or low diplotreme, since it differs
from anything else studied.

It has been suggested that the so-called bursa copula rix of
monotremes is not homologous to that of diplotremes. If this
is true it supports the statement of non ancestral relationship of
monotremes to diplotremes. The only means by which a
monotreme diplotreme relationship can be set up must be based
upon the recto-genital cloaca. In yucca moths this cloaca is
quite long and can be thought of as being primitive. Among
some Psychids it is somewhat shorter and can be thought of as
being intermediate. In the highest forms it is almost eliminated.

SUMMARY.

There are two ducts connecting the bursa copulatrix with the
other organs of the reproductive system in Schoenobius forficellus

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 49

Thun. (=J/ongirostrellus Clem.). The first is the seminal duct,
which is homologous to that found in other diplotreme Lepi-
doptera and the second may be a spermatheco-bursal duct,
which is new. ‘This therefore makes three types of bursal
relationship to the rest of the female reproductive organs in
Lepidoptera. ‘The first type is found in the monotremes where
the so-called bursa copulatrix joins directly to the vagina. The
second type is found in those diplotremes where the bursa
copulatrix is joined to the vagina only by the seminal duct.
Present studies do not support a monotreme diplotreme ances-
tral relationship.

LITERATURE CITED.
PETERSEN, W.

1900. Beitrage zur Morphologie der Lepidopteren. Mem. Ac. St.
Petersb. (8) IX, no. 6, 144 pp., 4 pls.

1907. Uber die spermatophoren der Schmetterlinge. Zx. wiss. Zool.
88, pp. 117-30, 1 pl. 2 fig. in text.

Wituiams, J. L.

1938. The mating of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and its results. Ent.
News 49 (4), 104-07; (5), 121-26, 2 pls.

1939. The mating and egg-laying of Malacosoma americana (Lepid.
Lasiocampidae). Ent. News, 50 (2) 45-50, (3), 69-72.

1939. The occurence of spermatophores and their measurements in
some British Lepidoptera. Trans. Soc. British Ent., 6 part 6,
pp. 137-48, 2 pls.

1940. The anatomy of the internal genitalia and the mating behavior
of some Lasiocampid moths. J. Morph., 67 (3) 411-33, 2 pls.

1941. The relation of the spermatophore to the female reproductive
ducts in Lepidoptera. Ent. News, 52, pp. 61-65, 1 pl.

1941. The internal genitalia of yucca moths, and their connection with
the alimentary canal. J. Morph., 69 (2), 217-22, 1 pl.

1941. The internal genitalia of the evergreen bagworm and the relation
of the female genital ducts to the alimentary canal. Proc. Penna.
Acad. Sci., 15, pp. 53-58, 2 figs.

1942. Unorthodox and abnormal structures of Lepidoptera. Ent:
News, 53, pp. 91-94, 3 figs.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURE.

RENE HE RPS kA: Oviduct.

Bele see eee vedianvoviduct.

Cicer Spermathecal duct.

ID) 3 waerd aoe ee A probable bursal or spermathecal sac.
| Bi ote Eee aes Duct between (D) and bursa] duct.

eel aae seo Porn ote Seminal duct.

Coenen soc bursal sac (primary).

50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

Fis ais, Sel. Mae Bursal duct.

Tees Ape eee Probable spermathecal gland.
Jee eee Duct of accessory reservoirs.
K... 0, .. 2 Alecessory reservoirs.

Lael lace eee Accessory glands.

IMS Seite ss Vagina

TWO NEW SPECIES OF BACCHA
(Diptera: Syrphidae).

By F. M. Hutt, University of Mississippt.

In recent studies of Syrphid flies two new species of Baccha
from the neotropical region were discovered. ‘These species
are described in this paper. The types are in the collection of
Dr. C. L. Fluke, of the University of Wisconsin, whom I wish
to thank for the loan of this material for study. ‘The paratypes
are in the author’s collection.

Baccha phobifer, new species.

Distinguished by its alternating bands of yellow, shining black and opaque
black. Related to pirata Curran.

Male. Length 10 mm. Head: Face and front yellow, unusually wide,
the latter with a black spot on lunula, both with black pile and golden pollen
Antennae orange, narrowly black above. Arista blackish. Thorax:
greenish black with opalescent blue tints and a pair of close, short, ill-
defined yellowish vittae. Pile yellow, opaque, with abundant long black
pile and fringe. Pleurae yellow. Abdomen: with nearly parallel sides, a
little wider at the end of the fourth segment, first segment shining brassy
black, yellow on the sides and corners, second segment narrowly yellow
basally on the sides widely shining black apically, the remainder opaque
black with across its middle a narrow transverse yellow fascia. ‘Third
segment similar without the basal yellow fascia, the central yellow fascia a
little before the middle of the segment and wider. Fourth segment like
the third. Fifth segment like the fourth but shorter, the segment about
as long as wide. Legs: brownish-yellow, whole of hind tibia and femur
except its narrow base brownish-black, the hind tarsi dark brown. Middle
femora brownish posteriorly. Wings: deeply tinged with brown through-
out; alulae well developed.

Holotype: male. Puyo, Oriente, Ecuador, 1,250 meters,
March 20, 1939, F. M. and H. H. Brown, collectors (Fluke
collection).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 51

Baccha (Mimocalla), phobia new species.

Related to capitata Loew. Face yellow, wings hyaline, only the costal
and stigmal cells dark. Hind femora yellow. Mesonotum obscurely
vittate.

Male. Length 13 mm. Head: face and cheeks and the upper part of
front and its narrow lateral margin pale yellow. Remainder of the pro-
tuberant front brownish black, frontal and upper facial pile black. Lower
face pile yellow. Lunula yellow with large black spot. Antenna brown,
third joint black, lighter below. Arista pale, black tipped. Vertex shin-
ing black. Occiput yellow—with only yellow hair. Thorax: mesonotum
black, dull with a pair of widely separated dull pale yellow pollinose vitta
reaching most of the length and from the scutellum a short medial grey
vitta. Humeri, a sublateral nota-pleural vitta, anterior end of postcallus
and an extension of its pale yellow. Scutellum yellow, the disc transversely
brownish, the pile short, black, setaceous. Fringe long and yellow. Meso-
notal pile black and yellow and sparse. Pleurae orange brown, the pos-
terior half of the meso, upper part of sterno, and lower metapleurae and all
of propleurae yellow. Abdomen: elongate pedicellate. First segment
dark brown with yellow pile laterally. Second about five times as long as
wide, very little wider apically, widely yellow on the basal portion, gradu-
ally becoming brown then darker brown towards apex. Third segment
with a wide basal yellow fascia postero-medially indented. Remainder of
segment black. Fourth segment with a similar less wide basal fascia not
indented. Fifth segment with narrow basal lateral small yellow obtuse
triangles. The posterior margin ofthe segment reddish. Legs: egg yellow,
the hind femur slightly darker and with a brownish sub-apical spot ven-
trally, the ventral and basolateral pile black, its dorsal and apico-lateral
pile golden. Middle femur with a ventral black fringe, elsewhere the pile
is golden. Hind coxae and trochanters dark brown with long tufts of black
pile. Wing: hyaline the costal cell pale brown, the stigmal cell darker,
alula well developed, the third vein with a characteristic dip and the
subapical cross vein with a strong flexure on its basal half.

Holotype: male. Banos, Chaupi, Ecuador, April 26, 1937,
W. Clark McIntyre, Paratype: male, same data.

52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1942
GENERAL FUND.

RECEIPTS.
Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1942.. na celts occ eee $6.
Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1942 (repo 3.
*Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1942, in general fund. Henositedi in Hank:
ton National Bane de ae a coh cheb ASE
Eiromemembens, s Wess otal 4.2 pepe sree esi eae is rare metre 441.
dies im. aid. waicex taut sere tree her or Pectin allah ats Saweiueees NG).
Bache dilesngemamcres rns container epee ich (ann ohh teen ee ty 105.
imitation sleest eran iaam ar Wt,
balance credited to account ened a in Waenanice ot fatiite
publications !........ . i Be oper ae 35,
From subscribers, foe enbscRDeene to sProcecdinge’. ghee asta 484.
From authors, separates and author’s copies............--:- 90.
fon pattial payment costiah-prmting.\. 5. .2:. somes 76.
paki pA a Aimeaaae Sears Caumepieenat eS hc °° Woke
forillustrationsia.., 2 =. TEIEL Weer Oe ee 14.
From institutions, for suchen s mop araes sities Ca ae eee 26.
‘tone Coe Gh pymooanMa chanllOncnsogucuvecdsaccn oe 2000 ns 8 oO 64.
From sale of back numbers of proceedings’ wee WD poy
From final dividend District National Bank (Glam aneaber
2794) . Lopeee ee: 81.
From eeneral publication final for use in payment of cost of
publishing Memoir number 2. wie cn ipaltaeg ate eenea aCe ROT ope 300.
Total receipts... cs. seh ae el EE OUR

* Adjusted balance, including funds on dnceahed check number

193 in amount of $16.00 issued November 13, 1940.

EXPENDITURES.
To H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc., for printing Proceedings (Nos.

1-8 or vol. 44) and separates....... see Pee cee a oles OCR
To H.. & J. Be McOueen, Inc:; ate: Rear Ne programs Of six
meetings (524 to 529, Week 16.
To H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc., for 500 alain anil “eavelones: 8.
Toth. l. & Ja Ba MicOueens ie tom 2.000) plainicandse. see Dy
To Southern Engraving Concanye for engravings for the
Proceedings.......-. 168.
To Southern Ragrauine ‘Compan fon, engravings sifot Memoir
number 2.. nr noaeee 90.
Mo) An AS A emer Service, for ieee Seine programs ual
three. meetings (530th to 532ndiince:)2 =e ema: os ses Sie
For StatiOnetyisc. in s-ooe Sm Ceieyeie roa aitiens cust ee ee Poe ae amr 1.
| Soy aah eh 10) ol ae Rte SCORN ANS Hidio o Nuon amo aa, O64 23%
Shipping charges, including express, second-class postage,
parcel post and! packimgsexpensSes. sate ae ee ee eee 8.
For clerical help, Office of corresponding secretary........... 49.

Eorclerical help, Office of itreasunenaameae eee eee eee 14.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

For rental and tax on safe deposit box at City Bank......... 4.
For refund to F. W. Faxon Company, for cancelled subscription. 4.
Minscelllamneoustexpensess tc pars 4 siciey-Pasinshe co cusisien ee in ee ieee Se
Mottreapencsbunes 20" So. ee asks etek eee eae $1,709.
Stamps on hand received in lieu of cash during 1942......... I
Cash on hand in Hamilton National Bank.................. yo).
GAshonmhandsumde posited... as. se csi crss eae os ele crn ae 4 5x
$2,309.

SEO ts tanmGimerOMliratlOls — tyes scissors a an Oren $228.

**Includes liability of $16.00 to cover uncashed check No. 193,

PUBLICATION FUND

Schwarz donation, (principal $1000.00), invested with
American Building Association (reported 1941)...... $1,536.

Dividends earned 1941, credited 1942.............. 61

MotalsnySchwanz) donation tundenre see eee is ise $1,598.
Knab bequest, invested with Columbia Federal Savings and

moanyAssocration=s reported 9A ates rere is eae Sen Sias

Additional interest not recorded 1941.............. oF

interes tal Ary ae en weer... of tte an ance Il.

Deposited 1942.. eh: Rie A meme Poe 150.

Covered by non-interest beanie NOUR a beres era hea 500.

Total in Knab bequest. . ab Soop <4 518i:
General publication fund in savings account ath ‘Hamilton

Nationals Bramikel|antuem veal p94 255 2) ean on 82.

fromusale of iNovem oirss «<2 24-3040 de dae es ss 15%

Homplite;memibenshipllees hs sas sac ccs Se es 40.

fromeuinterestonisavings Account... +. 15944200 0008. 8.

: $ 846
withdrawn and deposited in checking account for

INTEC IEeINO eo erie ae ee ee oko fn Ce eee 300.

Moraleineseneralapublication fund's. ...2:.54.2-2508-)- > 546.

Total amount of publication fund........ $3,603.

. Respeetially popemaeerl

Haun W. Capps, Recniaerr
The Committee on Audit has examined the financial accounts of the

Treasurer and found them to be correct for the year 1942.
Respectfully submitted, January 14, 1943
F. M. WapLey
G. J. Harussier
Auditing Commit

tee

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

REPORT OF CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
DEC. 1, 1941 TO NOV. 30, 1942.

War conditions have brought about several changes. Demand for
literature is low and it seems unwise to push its sale at present. Post-war
demand should be much better. Complaints noted last year of Proceed-
ings lost en route to England, etc., seem to have ceased. Membership
and subscription hold up well, but a number of subscriptions in Europe,
Asia and Africa are of course suspended.

Letters written have totaled 64—a large number of matters such as
address changes, orders, etc., have been attended to without the formality
of a letter.

Proceedings acquired (Nov. numbers estimated)......... 876 nos.
Proceedings sold (including 4 not yet published)......... 58 nos.
Net caimmstockiin 12 momnthse-sq-. 4. sac ee ee OOnuOSs
Salesvot Proceedings, SSenOss 41s hae een eee ORO
Reprints 5... oc seats ee sean. snes a ee See eee 125
Memoir No. 1—4..... Bes ac 10.20

Members, 13 elected (9 meetings), 5 resigned, 3 died—net gain 5
Subscribers, 4 new, | dropped—net gain 3*
Members at present, 256; subscriptions 138. |
Respectfully submitted,
F. M. WabLeEy,

Corresponding Secretary

* Nine suspended in addition on account of the war, making the total
suspensions on account of war 38.

MINUTES OF THE 533RD REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
JANUARY 7, 1943.

The 533rd regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday
January 7, 1943 in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Harned
presided and 32 members and 9 visitors attended. The minutes of the
previous meeting were read and approved.

The following note and resolution, prepared by a member of the Ex-
ecutive Committee, was read by the Recording Secretary.

At the last meeting of the Executive Committee of our Society, one of
our very loyal members who has faithfully acted as editor of our publi-
cations for many years expressed his desire to withdraw from office. He
stated that due to his approaching retirement from the government service,
it would be very inconvenient for him to act as editor, and that another
should be selected for that office. This action has been duly taken.

Be it therefore resolved that the Entomological Society of Washington

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943 55

express its deep appreciation for Mr. W. R. Walton’s long service to our
society. Not only has he acted for sixteen years as editor but he has held
several other offices, including two terms as president and three terms as
an elected member of the executive committee.

Be it further resolved that the corresponding secretary be instructed to
notify Mr. Walton of the Society’s action and that the same be printed
in the Proceedings of our Society.

It was voted by the Society, to include, in the Minutes, the resolution
as read.

Dr. E. N. Cory announced a decision of the Executive Committee of the
American Association of Economic Entomologists to cancel the meetings
of that Society which had been postponed. He stated that the Association
had accepted one hundred applications for membership. He announced
further that the annual election of officers would be handled by mail and
that ballots would be issued by his office in the near future.

President Harned appointed the following committees:

Membership—M. P. Jones, F. M. Andre and W. H. White, Chairman.

Program—L. B. Reed, G. M. Langford and H. H. Stage, Chairman.

Henry K. Townes presented a short note calling attention to the fact
that C. V. Riley had recorded an attraction of the leaves of Lepidium for
bedbugs. At the same time Townes exhibited a portion of his manuscript
of the Catalogue of Nearctic Ichneumonidae.

The regular program was as follows:

1. Entomology and War, Address of the Retiring President, E. N. Cory.

It is expected that this paper will appear in an early number of the
Proceedings so no abstract has been prepared. The address was commented
on by Rohwer, Bishop, Annand and Hyslop.

2. A Catalogue and Reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae,
by Henry K. Townes, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The taxonomy of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae is at present very con-
fused and treated in widely scattered literature. In an effort to present
a coherent guide to the published information, a complete bibliographic
catalogue and a new taxonomic arrangement, based in part on the study
of all available type material, have been prepared. It has been found
necessary to synonymize about 800 species and to make about 1100 generic
transfers.

The probable number of species in the family was discussed and the de-
velopment of the taxonomy of the family outlined. The methods used in
the preparation of the paper, including the way in which types were
studied, were outlined. Among the taxonomic changes proposed is the
erection of eight new subfamilies in addition to the five commonly recog-
nized. (Author’s abstract) Comments followed by Cushman.

3. The relative Resistance of Roaches to Pyrethrum Spray, by E. R.
McGovran, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The value of the Peet-Grady method for determining the effectiveness
of fly sprays and the need for a similar method for evaluating roach sprays

56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 2, FEB., 1943

was discussed. The need for information on the relative resistance of
roaches to insecticides as a basis for a standard test was pointed out.

The following observations on the relative resistance of roaches to
sprays have been reported. A culture of Blatella germanica was found to
be most.resistant to household insecticides when 17 weeks old. Large
nymphs and adult females of B. germanica and Periplaneta americana were
more resistant to pyrethrum sprays than the males. Large nymphs were
usually more resistant than the adult females. Eggs of B. germanica
were shown to be more resistant than the adult females but the young
nymphs were less resistant than even the adult males. B. germanica is
more rapidly paralyzed by deposits of pyrethrum spray than P. americana
but is more resistant to its lethal effects. (Author’s abstract).

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: Louis G. Davis
and F. L. Blickle.

Adjournment 9:40 p. mM. W.H. Anverson, Recording Secretary.

Corrections: In the Minutes of the 532nd Regular Meeting of the
Society the Recording Secretary misinterpreted the statements of L. B.
Reed regarding thrips in canned tomatoes. Mr. Reed has furnished the
following, corrected abstract of his note.

The thrips were found to enter the green fruit from the blossom end
through small openings to cavities that normally occur in the central
core of a small percentage of sound fruits. Sometimes the openings are
closed as the tomatoes mature, and the thrips are imprisoned. It is con-
sidered unlikely that the thrips are able to pass through the actual tissue
of the fruit.

A second error occurred in the recording of the note by D. J. Caffrey.
The seeds of Amorpha fructicosa are being considered as a source of rote-

none rather than the seed pods.
W. H. AnveErson,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, March 6, 1942.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Prices for back volumes and single numbers of the Proceedings of the Ento.-
mological Society of Washington are as follows until further notice:

Vole: <1-19.per volames 322s SS $2.00
Per mune. oe os ee ee
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These include Nos. 2-3 of Vol. 7; Nos. 1-2 and 3-4 of Vol. 8;
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Note: Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 9 and Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 19 (each of
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as complete volumes. Per volume._—......... as 2.00

Complete sets, Vols. 1-42 (1884-1940) Inclusive... $121.00

A classified list of available separates of articles which have appeared inc
Proceedings will be furnished upon request.

A 20 PERCENT DISCOUNT WILL BE MADE TO MEMBERS
AND SUBSCRIBERS ON ORDERS OF $10.00 OR OVER.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

A new book “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, issued as Memoir Number 1 of the Society, is now available.

Postpaid to non-members and institutions.................... $3.00
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This is a revisionary study of the genus Osmia with keys for identification
. descriptions and distribution records for known N. American species.

(Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
_ Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D. C.

CONTENTS me

CRAWFORD, J. C,—A NEW SERICOTHRIPS ON ELM (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE
HULL, F. Mi—TWO NEW SPECIES OF BACCHA (DIPTERA: 'SYRPHIDAE) .
PECHUMAN, L. L—TWO NEW CHRYSOPS FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: a 42

SOMMERMAN, KATHRYN M.—DESCRIPTION AND BIONOMICS OF CAECILIUS-
MANTERI, N. SP, (CORRODENTIA) Pets aia ge don 1

VOL. 45 March, 1943 No. 3

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
| OF WASHINGTON

Pusiisnep Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

- ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D, C., under
Act of August 24, 1912.

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918,

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

Orcanizep Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given
precedence over any submitted by non-members.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1943.

TGROV Ary ET OSSAENT MIN) eae en ee betes een ae ae . . .L. O. Howarp
PHeAEBE Hi! 5 AR Vis eras AR aaa me ne ts halla a IN R. W. Harned
PU SE VICE LESIONS Uae Sivan NR Ce iol oa ae ue «eee . P. N. Annanp
Second, Vice-Presidenbesacisiile cthsn etre ga D on whl ahaa eee eee ta SR F. W. Poos
RECOMANE SECVELALP Ne he in) GM ha oan. OV EA aaetine ar Aang W. H. AnpErson
Corresponding Secretary's. a eit fa ie ie a a eae eis F. M. Wap.ey
TTCASUTER SSE OER Wig N ren DOERR doe alte Winliret: sabe . .G. J. Harusster
EAE GP Sec ephaerielg at Tak Camere RIN ig Magen Cone ote ad aie are Rts ea ee ALAn STONE

Executive Committee . . . H. E. Ewtnc, C. F. W, Mueseseck, E, N. Cory
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Crark

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at

Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum;

foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage
extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made
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Authors will be furnished not to exceed 10 copies of the number in which their
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Authors will be furnished gratis with not to exceed 2 text engravings of line
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The Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer should be addressed
similarly.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENnTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 45 MARCH, 1943 Now 3

THE AMERICAN CHIGGERS (LARVAE OF THE TROMBICU-
LINAE) OF THE GENUS ACARISCUS, NEW GENUS.

By H. E. Ewrne,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

When the writer! (1938) published his revised key to the
genera of chiggers he established the genus Eutrombicula for
those members of Trombicula Berlese with the “Palpal claw
divided into two prongs . . .” and usually with less than 30
dorsal abdominal setae. In the present paper the genus
Eutrombicula is itself divided as follows:

A. Dorsal abdominal setae (counting the posterior marginal pair) 22,
and arranged, previous to engorgement, as follows: 2-6-6-4-2-2;
ventral body setae (counting the 4 sternals, but not counting
the 2 posterior marginals) 14, arranged as follows: 2-2—6-2-2

Eutrombicula Ewing, sensu stricto

Type species, Microthrombidium alfreddug?st Oudemans

AA. Dorsal abdominal setae more than 22, arranged differently; ven-
tral body setae (counting sternals but not counting posterior
marginals) more than 14, 2 or more pairs being situated farther
POstenionly aametheramUS —— ee Acariscus, new genus
Type species, Trombicula flui Van Thiel

Remarks—The name Acariscus is derived from Acarus, a
mite, iscus, a diminutive. Aside from the differences in
chaetotaxy, this genus appears to be the same as Eutrombicula.
Furthermore, its geographical and host distribution appear
also to be very similar.

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS
ACARISCUS, NEW GENUS
A. Dorsal abdominal setae less than 34.
B. Dorsal plate with a poorly sclerotized or incomplete posterior
border; prongs of palpal claw of equal length, divergent.
inant CLOMarangs: <2. 14% tes BE ete Oe gurneyt (Ewing)

‘Ewing, H. E. A key to the genera of chiggers (mite larvae of sub-
family Trombiculinae) with descriptions of new genera and species. Jour.

Wash. Acad. Sci. vol. 28, pp. 288-295.

58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

3B. Dorsal plate with a well sclerotized posterior border.
C. Inner prong of palpal claw much larger than outer and ex-
tending distally beyond apex of latter.
D. First 3 palpal setae simple; dorsal abdominal setae less
tliat Ol. See ok cel a re ee cae A panamensis (Ewing)
DD. First 2 palpal setae subplumose; dorsal abdominal setae
bruyanti (Oudemans)
CC. Inner prong of palpal claw not larger than outer and not
extending distally beyond the apex of latter.
D. Dorsal abdominal setae 26; ventral body setae (includ-
INV SLORINALS) MO tee cca tees ee on erie masont, new species
DD. Dorsal abdominal setae 28 or more.
E. Dorsal abdominal setae not over 30.

I. Dorsal plate more than twice as broad as long; posterior
eyes smaller than anterior but with cornea; ventral
alpdomunia lise tae G essen aan brasiliensis (Ewing)

FF. Dorsal plate less than twice as broad as long; “‘pos-

terior eyes inconspicuous”; ventral abdominal
>?

Estacn ly ie Os ree butantanensis (Da Fonseca)
EE. Dorsal abdominal setae 32 (counting the posterior
marginale pall) eee ee ee hominis (Ewing)

AA. Dorsal abdominal setae 34 or more.
B. Dorsal abdominal setae less than 40.

C. First palpal seta with lateral branches; dorsal plate less than
twice as broad as long; posterior eyes smaller than an-
terior; dorsal abdominal setae less than 38... ui (Van Thiel)

CC. First 3 palpal setae simple; dorsal plate more than twice

as broad as long; posterior eyes equal to anterior; dorsal
aibdomiuinal-setac GOs .s sea tees 2 serene are ee myotis (Ewing)
BB. Dorsal abdominall setae 50.2.2 2 4-2 multisetosa, new species

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES:

In the following pages extensive formal descriptions have
been avoided and in their stead there are given only those
characters that will definitely identify the species. However,
considerable supplementary data are added under the headings
of type material, type host, type locality, range, and remarks.

Acariscus gurneyi (wing).

1937. Trombicula gurneyit Ewing, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 50, p. 169.
1938. Eutrombicula gurneyi (Ewing) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.
vol. 28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters—Prongs of palpal claw of equal length, but
divergent, the inner somewhat the stouter. First palpal seta short, with
0-2 lateral branches; second and third palpal setae simple. Pseudostig-
matic organs with rather long lateral branches. Anterior and posterior

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 59

eyes equal; ocular plate absent. Dorsal abdominal setae arranged as
follows: 2-6-6-4-4-4 (including second laterals).

Type material—Six cotypes in United States National
museum.
Type host—Blue-tailed skink, Eumeces fasciatus.
Type locality —Along Patuxent River, Md.
Range.—Reported only from Maryland and Virginia.
Remarks.—This chigger is peculiar in the way the two prongs
of the palpal claw diverge from each other. It was named
after A. B. Gurney, of the United States Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine, who collected the host bearing the type
material.
Records of specimens as follow:
On Eumeces fasciatus, blue-tailed skink.
Maryland: Priest Bridge, Patuxent River, 6 specimens
(cotypes), April 24, 1937, by A. B. Gurney.
Virginia: Hunter, 4 specimens, September 11, 1938,
A. B. Gurney.
On lizard (species?)
Maryland: Laurel, 4 specimens, August 31, 1938, by
E. B. Marshall.

Acariscus panamensis ([wing).

1925. Trombicula panamensis Ewing, Amer. Jour. Trop. Med., vol. 5
NOw Sse per 20 9-

1938. Eutrombicula panamensis (Ewing) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
vol. 28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters.—Inner prong of palpal claw much larger than
outer and extending distally beyond the latter. All of palpal setae on
segments II to IV inclusive simple. Pseudostigmata situated behind
middle of dorsal shield; pseudostigmatic organs flagelliform and with a
few lateral branches. Dorsal abdominal setae arranged as follows: 2-8-6

(not counting laterals) —6-4-2.

Type material—Several cotypes mounted on four microscope
slides in the United States National Museum.

Type host—Cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus chiriquensts.

Type locality —Balboa, Panama.

Range.—Reported only from Panama.

Remarks.—Although panamensis was originally included in
Eutrombicula it does not fit well into that genus (sensu lato) ;
hence it is rather questionably included in Acariscus. This is
because there is an indication of a slight vestige of a third
prong to the palpal claw. ‘This species is identified by a com-
bination of two characters, it having the inner prong of the pal-

60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

pal claw much larger than the outer and the first five palpal
setae simple.

Specimens examined as follows:

On Sigmodon hispidus chiriquensis, cotton rat

Panama: Balboa, several specimens (including holotype),
by L. H:. Dunn.

Acariscus bruyanti (Oudemans).

1910. Microthrombidium bruyanti Oudemans, Ent. Ber., vol. 3, no. 54,
p. 85.

1930. Trombicula bruyanti (Oudemans) Van Thiel, Parasitology, vol. 22,
MO os pa so2-

1938. Eutrombicula bruyanti (Oudemans) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
vol. 28, no. 6, p: 294.

Distinguishing characters ——No specimen of this species being at hand,
the following characters are taken from the literature: Outer prong of
palpal claw slender, straight, sharply pointed; inner prong curved, stout,
greatly surpassing the outer. First palpal seta subplumose, second palpal
seta with a few lateral branches on one side only, third palpal seta strongly
curved, plumose. Pseudostigmatic organs very fine, plumose on distal
half. Dorsal abdominal setae 32, there being 6 setae in each of the second
to fourth transverse rows inclusively.

Type material.—In the Trouessart Collection.

Type host—Opossum, Didelphis opossum.

Type locality —Southern Brazil.

Range.—Southern Brazil.

Remarks——A combination of two characters easily distin-
guish this species from all others in the genus. ‘They are:
The shape of the two prongs of the palpal claw and the presence
of 32 dorsal abdominal setae.

Acariscus masoni, new species.
(Fig. 1)

Distinguishing characters——Outer prong of palpal claw extending
beyond apex of inner. First palpal seta curved, with 0-2 lateral branches;
second palpal seta slightly curved, simple; third palpal seta recurved,
with 0-3 lateral branches. Dorsal plate as in flut (Van Thiel). Pseudo-
stigmatic organs each with 3-5 subequal, parallel, lateral branches. Dorsal
abdominal setae (counting the first lateral pair as dorsal) 26, arranged as
follows: 2—-6-6-4-4-2-2, or, in fully engorged specimens, 2—6-6-6-4-2;
ventral body setae 16. :

Type material—Three cotypes on type slide, United States
National Museum No. 1426.

Type host—Man.

Type locality —Orlando, Fla.

Range.—Extreme southeasterm part of United States and
coastal region as far north as Massachusetts.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 61

Remarks —This species is named after A. C. Mason, of the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, who first col-
lected it in 1922. It is similar to hominis (Ewing), with which
it was confused. Since it has only 26 dorsal abdominal setae,
it is sufficiently distinguished from hominis, which has 32.

Specimens at hand as follows:

On black snake (species ?)—

Florida: Orlando, 6 specimens, June 30, 1933, by F. C.
Bishopp.

On Didelphis virginiana pigra, Florida opossum—

Florida: Immokalee, 1 specimen, June 19, 1933, by O. C.
Van Hyning.

On Man—

Florida: Orlando, 3 specimens (cotypes), May 30, 1922,
by A. C. Mason; 3 specimens, May 11, 1942, by A. W.
Lindquist and A. H. Madden; 6 specimens, June 3, 1942,
by A. H. Madden; 8 specimens, June 8, 1942, by A. H.
Madden. Sarasota, 2 specimens, May 11, 1942, by
A. W. Lindquist and A. H. Madden.

On Microtus pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus meadow mouse—

Massachusetts: Edgartown, 8 specimens, September 3,
1937, by C. N. Smith. Oak Bluffs, 7 specimens, Sep-
tember 10, 1937, by C. N. Smith.

On Neofiber allent alleni, muskrat—

Georgia: Okefinokee Swamp, 7 specimens, December 5,
1934, by E. V. Komarek.

On Neofiber allent nigrescens, muskrat—

Georgia: Okefinokee Swamp, 17 specimens, November
9-1935. by Francis Harper.

On Odocoileus sp., white-tailed deer—

Florida: Orange County, 6 specimens, April 19, 1938,
by F. D. McKenney.

On Procyon sp., raccoon—

Florida: Immokalee, 4 specimens, February 11, 1937,
by Bb. Ve iravis:

On Sigmodon hispidus hispidus, cotton rat—

South Carolina: Coosowahatchie, 2 lots of specimens of
8 each. sjune 22. 1940) by EH. Va Komarek® » Luray, 1
specimen, June 23, 1940, by E. V. Komarek.

On Sigmodon littoralis littoralis, cotton rat—

Florida: Wendry County, 3 specimens, April 17 and 1
specimen April 18, 1941, by E. V. Komarek. Talla-
hassee, 1 specimen, November 9, 1936, by B. V. Travis.

Acariscus brasiliensis (Ewing).

1925. Trombicula brasiliensis Ewing, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 27,
no. 4, p. 92.

62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

1938. Eutrombicula brasihensis (Ewing) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci,.
vol. 28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters —Outer prong of palpal claw much longer and
stouter than inner. First palpal seta subplumose, second palpal seta with
1—2 lateral branches or barbs. Pseudostigmatic organ with lateral branches
on distal half. Dorsal abdominal setae 28 to 30, the second, third, and
fourth rows being 6-8-8. Ventral abdominal setae 18 (6—4—2-4-2).

Type material—Three cotypes in United States National
Museum.

Type host—Man.

Type locality —Manaos, Brazil.

Range—Amazon Valley, Brazil.

Remarks.—At the time the original description of this species
was written the type host was not known. A subsequent
letter from the collector, Professor J. Bequaert, of the Harvard
School of ‘Tropical Medicine, stated that the specimens were
taken from man. This species is rather closely related to the
Brazilian species butantanensits (Da Fonseca). Its differences
from butantanensis will be discussed under remarks relating to
the latter species.

Material at hand as follows:

On man— ,

Branul: Carvoeiro, 1 specimen, August 26, 1934) byaaile

Bequaert. Mandaos, 3 specimens (cotypes), July 25,
1924, by J. Bequaert. Para, 4 specimens, July 13, 1924,
by J. Bequaert.

Fig.l.—Dorsal views, of equal magnification, of the left palpus and pseu-

dostigmatic organ of Acariscus masoni, n. sp. and of A. multi-

setosa, N. sp.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 63

Acariscus butantanensis (Da Fonseca).

1932. Trombicula butantanensis Da Fonseca, Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 7,
p. 147, 1 fig. ;

1938. Eutrombicula butantanensis (Da Fonseca), Ewing, Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci., vol. 28, no. 6, p. 294.

No specimens of this species being at hand, the following
characters are taken from the original description.

Distinguishing characters.—First palpal seta with 3 or 4 lateral branches;
second palpal seta simple; third palpal seta with 2 lateral branches, fourth
and fifth palpal setae simple. Pseudostigmatic organs subplumose, with
several subequal, parallel, lateral branches. Posterior eyes “inconspicuous.
Dorsal abdominal setae 28 (2—8—8—-2—4-2-2). Ventral abdominal setae,

not including two pairs of sternals, 12, arranged in 6 pairs in engorged

99

specimen.

Type material—Holotype in collection of Butantan Institute.

Type host—Man.

Type locality —‘Instituto Butantan, S. Paulo, Brazil.”

Range.—Known only from the type locality.

Remarks.—All that is known about this trombiculine is that
contained in the original description based on a single engorged
specimen. However, the original description appears to be as
complete as desired. But since the setal formulas are based on
an engorged specimen, we are left in doubt regarding the setal
arrangement before engorgement. Acariscus butantanensis is
evidently closely related to the Brazilian species brasiliensts
(Ewing), but according to its original description it differs from
the latter in having a dorsal plate less than twice as broad as
long instead of more than twice as broad as long, and in having
only 12 ventral abdominal setae instead of 18.

Acariscus hominis (Ewing).

1933. Trombicula hominis Ewing, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., vol. 82, art. 29,
Padswilged:

1938. Eutrombicula hominis (Ewing) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
vol. 28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters—Outer and inner prongs of palpal claw
subequal. First palpal seta subplumose, second palpal seta with a few lat-
eral branches, third palpal seta simple. Pseudostigmatic organs longer
than dorsal plate, each with 3 to 5 lateral branches. Dorsal abdominal
setae 32, counting the posterior marginal pair, the first three transverse
rows being as follows: 2-8-8. Simple, proximodorsal seta of tarsus I
spinelike, slightly curved, situated more than its length from base of
segment.

64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

Type material.
Museum.
Type host—Man.
Type locality —Aguabuenas, Republic of Panama.
Range—Extreme southeastern part of the United States,
Puerto Rico, Panama. Probably occurs throughout most of
the West Indies and the lower altitudes of Central America.
Remarks.—In the past the writer has confused this species
with Acariscus' masont, new species. It differs from masonzi in
having 32 dorsal abdominal setae, counting the posterior
marginal pair, instead of 26. However, not only are the setae
behind the third transverse row not arranged in definite rows
but one or two pairs may be carried to a lateral, or even ventral,
position owing to engorgement.
Specimens at hand:
On guinea hen—
Puerto Rico: Guaynabo, 3 specimens, April 1934, sent in
by W. A. Hoffman.
On man—
Panama: Aguabuena, 2 specimens (cotypes), 1931, sent
in by... H. Dunn:
Onjrat (species!) —
Two specimens. No data.
On Sturnella magna argutula, southern meadowlark—
Florida: Immokalee, several specimens, June 16, 1933,
by O. C. Van Hyning.
On Taxostoma rufum, brown thrasher—
Alabama: Fairhope, 2 specimens, August 10, 1931, by
Mrs. N. H. Edwards.

Five cotypes in the United States National

Acariscus flui (Van Thiel).

1930. Trombicula flui Van Thiel, Parasitology, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 347,
figs. 1 and 2.

1938. Eutrombicula flui (Van Thiel) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol.
28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters —Outer prong of palpal claw stouter and
longer than inner. First palpal seta subplumose, second palpal seta with
2 or 3 unequal lateral branches, third palpal seta recurved, with 2 to 5
lateral branches. Pseudostigmatic organs about as long as dorsal plate,
each with 3 to 6 lateral branches. Posterior eye with cornea, smaller
than anterior eye and situated about its diameter from the latter; ocular
plate well developed. Dorsal abdominal setae 34, not counting posterior
marginal pair, arranged as follows: 2—-8—-8-8—4-4.

Type material—Not mentioned.
Type host—Man.
Type locality —Surinam.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 65

Range.—Northern coastal region of South America from
Surinam to Colombia and in Puerto Rico in the West Indies.
Probably occurs in Panama, and in Cuba and other islands of
the West Indies.

Remarks. —Acariscus flui appears to be the most common
chigger attacking man in Surinam. It probably is a synonym
of Acarus batatas L., but proof of this may never be forth-
coming. Hence to prevent confusion it appears best to avoid
the use of batatas entirely.

Material at hand as follows:

On chicken—

Puerto Rico: Mayaguez, 4 specimens, April, 1932, by
H. L. Van Volkenberg.

On horse—

Puerto Rico: Mayaguez, 4 specimens, April, 1932, by
H. L. Van Volkenberg.

Acariscus myotis (Ewing).

1929. Trombicula myotis Ewing, Ent. News, vol. 40, p. 294.
1938. Eutrombicula myotis (Ewing) Ewing, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol.
28, no. 6, p. 294.

Distinguishing characters—Palpi angulate laterally; inner prong of
palpal claw much larger and longer than outer. First three palpal setae
simple. Dorsal plate more than twice as broad as long, front margin
incurved between each anterolateral seta and the median seta, posterior
margin outwardly angulate behind each pseudostigma. Pseudostigmatic
organs each with 3 to 5 unequal, lateral branches. Eyes equal; ocular
plate wanting. Dorsal abdominal setae 38 (2—10—-10—6-6-4).

Type materital——Three cotypes in the United States National
Museum.

Type host.—A bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus.

Type locality—Mount Katahdin, Maine.

Range—Known only from type locality.

Remarks.—This species differs from all others of its genus in
the shape of the dorsal plate. Known only from the cotypes,
which were taken September 7, 1928, by Francis Harper and
W. J. Hamilton.

Acariscus multisetosa, new species.
(Fig. 1.)

Distinguishing characters.—First palpal seta with 2-4 lateral branches;
second palpal seta with 1-3 long, almost straight, lateral branches; third
palpal seta recurved, with 1-3 lateral branches. Dorsal plate as in
Trombicula alfreddugest. Pseudostigmatic organs slender, setiform,
almost straight, each with a few very fine, closely appressed barbs. Pos-
terior eye well developed, almost equal to anterior and situated about its
diameter from the latter; ocular plate well developed. Tarsus I with a

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

conspicuous depression dorsally near its middle, over which the short,
slightly curved, spinelike, simple, proximodorsal seta extends. Dorsal
abdominal setae 50 and in unengorged specimen arranged as follows:
2—12—12—12—8—4; ventral body setae (counting the sternals) about 40,
the first four rows being as follows: 2—2—8-8.

Type matertal—Holotype, United States National Museum
No. 1427.
Type host—A raccoon, Procyon sp.
Type locality —Near Christmas, Fla.
Range.—Known only from Florida.
Remarks.—Described chiefly from the holotype taken from
the type host at the type locality, January 2, 1936, by B. V.
Travis. Other records:
On Sigmodon littoris littoris, cotton rat—
Florida: Bonita Springs, 1 specimen, November 22, 1936,
by B. V. Travis. Tallahassee, 6 specimens, November
9 and 2 specimens. November 10, 1936, by B. V. Travis.
On Sturnella magna argutula, southern meadowlark—
Florida: Shell Point, 2 specimens, October 30, 1936, by
BeVerliravis:

e

AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACARISCUS, NEW GENUS,
AND) THEIR PY PESTHOSt Ss;

brasiliensis (Ewing), from man.

bruyanti (Oudemans), from opossum, Didelphys opossum.

butantanensis (Da Fonseca), from man.

flui (Van Thiel), from man.

gurneyt (Ewing), from blue-tailed skink, Ewmeces fasciatus.

hominis (Ewing), from man.

masoni, new species, from man.

multisetosa, new species, from a raccoon, Procyon sp.

myotis (Ewing), from a bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus.

panamensis (Ewing), from cotton rat, Szgmodon hispidus
chiriquensts.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 67

LYNN G. BAUMHOFER.
1895-1942.

Members of the Entomological Society of Washington were
deeply grieved to learn of the death of Lynn G. Baumhofer,
Associate Entomologist, Division of Forest Insects, Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine, on June 13, 1942, following
an illness of about two months. Mr. Baumhofer was very active
in affairs of the Society and had served as Treasurer for several
months prior to his death. He had given very freely of his
time to this work and left the records of the Society in excellent
condition.

Mr. Baumhofer was born at Montevideo, Minn., September
19, 1895, where he attended the public grade and high schools.
After leaving high school in 1913 he followed various occupa-
tions until April 1918, when he enlisted as a private in the
Army and served one year with the 71st Balloon Squadron at
Richmond, Virginia. He enrolled at Hamline University, St.
Paul, Minn., in the fall of 1919 but transferred in 1920 to the
University of Minnesota where he registered in the Division
of Forestry. His University training was interrupted by periods
when he found it necessary to earn sufficient money to enable
him to continue his education. “Shorty” as he was affection-
ately known by his fellow-students and professors, was an
excellent student and was active in affairs on the campus.

Mr. Baumhofer’s first field experience in entomology was
during the summer of 1924 when he was employed as Field
Assistant in the Bureau of Entomology under the direction of
Dr. S. A. Graham who was then located at the University of
Minnesota as an Agent with the Bureau. This first assignment
was to study the spruce budworm in northern Minnesota.
After graduating from the University in the spring of 1925 he
was sent by the Bureau to Halsey, Nebraska to study the pine
tip moth which was causing serious damage to pine plantations
on the Nebraska National Forest. Except for short periods
of graduate study, he continued on this work, first as Field
Assistant and later as Junior Entomologist and Assistant
Entomologist, until 1932. During these years he made detailed
studies of the tip moth and its effects on the host trees. Dr.
Graham and Mr. Baumhofer published a paper in 1927 entitled,
“The Pine Tip Moth In the Nebraska National Forest” in the
Journal of Agriculture Research, Vol. 35, No. 4 in which they
gave the results of the earlier phases of this work. They
published a second paper in 1930 entitled ‘Susceptibility of
Young Pines to Tip-Moth Injury” in the Journal of Forestry,
Vol. 28, No. 1.

As a part of this study and the effort to retard the damage
caused by the tip moth, Mr. Baumhofer received and liberated

68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

parasites which were collected in other parts of the United
States where the pest is native. The bulk of these natural
enemies of the tip moth were collected in their native habitat
in the eastern part of the United States by Mr. R. A. Cushman.
Others were collected in the Southern States. All of these
Fete were shipped to Halsey and reared out by Mr. Baum-
hofer, the primary parasites being liberated in various parts
of the newly forested area. Certain of them became well
established, and one, Campoplex frustranae Cushman, appeared
for several years to be acting as an effective check on the tip
moth. The annual report of the Chief of the Bureau of En-
tomology for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1930, gave a brief
account of the results of the parasite studies up to that time.
Subsequent observations indicated that other complicating
factors were involved and in recent years the tip moth has been
causing considerable injury even though the parasites are still
fairly abundant. Unfortunately, the results of this interesting
study have not been published.

Mr. Baumhofer was transferred to the Forest Insect Labora-
tory at Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, in August 1932, where he devoted
most of his time to studies of the mountain pine beetle in addi-
tion to continuing certain phases of his work begun at Halsey.

With the expansion of the forest insect work program in
connection with the Emergency Conservation Work (later the
Civilian Conservation Corps) and the Shelterbelt Planting
project, Mr. Baumhofer was promoted to Associate Entomo-
logist and transferred to Denver and later to Fort Collins,
Colorado. He divided his time between insects affecting
Shelter Belt plantings and detailed biological studies of the
Black Hills beetle.

In November, 1937, Mr. Baumhofer was transferred to the
Washington office of the Division of Forest Insect Investiga-
tions. From then on he devoted the major part of his time
to handling the voluminous correspondence on insects affecting
shade trees and ornamental shrubs. During the months im-
mediately preceding his death he had completed, as co-author
with Dr. C. A. Weigel, a manuscript for a new Farmers’ Bulletin
on insects affecting ornamental plants.

On December 24, 1931, Mr. Baumhofer married Miss Hermine
Munz, who with a daughter, Anne, now 8 years of age, survives
him.

Mr. Baumhofer was a member of the American Association
of Economic Entomologists, the Entomological Society of
Washington and the Society of American Foresters. He had
a host of friends among foresters as well as entomologists, all
of whom admired and respected him for his quiet, unassuming
manner and his painstaking thoroughness in all of his work.
He was a great lover of the outdoors and took particular delight

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 3

LYNN G. BAUMHOFER
1895-1942

[69 |

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 vil

in spending Sundays or other leisure time in visiting nearby
wooded areas with his family, especially in teaching his young
daughter to know and appreciate the beauties of nature.

L. W. Orr, R. A. St. GeorcGe, anp F. M. Wap .ey.

A NEW SPECIES OF LASPEYRESIA, A BEAN PEST FROM
TROPICAL AMERICA (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae).

By Cary Heinricn,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The following description is offered in response to requests
for a name for a species that appears to be of some importance
as a pest of beans in Peru, and which lately has been intercepted
at our border quarantine stations in beans from Mexico. It
apparently attacks all varieties—lima beans, string beans, and
soybeans.

Laspeyresia leguminis, new species.
(Plate 4, Figs. 1-5.)

Male: Antenna rather stout and somewhat compressed laterally; very
shortly pubescent; scales pale gray to clay color, the scaling thicker and
more abundant on the basal fourth of the shaft. Labial palpus with
second segment long, extending almost to top of face; ashy gray, the scales
fuscous or pale brown, tipped with white; paler on inner side, sometimes
with a reddish or rust-colored suffusion on upper edge of third segment.
Head and thorax cinereous, darker on middle of thorax. Fore wing rough
scaled, with several small clumps of slightly-raised scales on area between
base and outer third and a projecting fan of scales along inner margin for
a slight distance from base; general color drab gray, the dark pattern
markings, when distinguishable, blackish fuscous (more or less suffused
in some specimens and in a few completely so); an irregularly shaped,
blackish-fuscous subtornal spot; subapical bar blackish fuscous, divided
at middle, with one arm extending to mid termen, the other downward to
about vein 4, in some specimens the arms enclosing a contrasted, pale-
yellowish or orange spot; apical area beyond subapical bar pale, gray,
yellowish, or orange; a dark-fuscous spot on outer third of cell, sometimes
extending to costa and inner margin to form a dark, transverse fascia; in
strongly marked specimens an obscure, pale, smooth spot just beyond cell
in area between veins 3 and 8, edged by slightly raised scales; cilia pale
drab gray, in some specimens more or less suffused with reddish ocherous.
Hind wing grayish brown to brown; cilia paler. Alar expanse 16-20 mm.

7D PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

Genitalia (fig. 1) figured from type. Harpe with cucullus elongate
triangular, densely spined toward inner (lower) margin; neck incurvation
deep. Aedeagus long, slender, curved; cornuti a cluster of short, thin,
flattened spines.

Female: Essentially like the male in color and markings; antenna more
slender, hind wing darker.

Alar expanse 18-22 mm.

Genitalia (fig. 2) figured from paratype from Camiete, Peru. Ductus
bursae sclerotized from about one-third of its length from junction with
bursa copulatrix and with a small sclerotized collar at middle. Ductus
seminalis from ductus bursae just beyond the sclerotized part of tube.
Bursa weakly granulate, especially toward ductus bursae. Signa slender,
sharp, thornlike, with broad bases. In the membrane behind and caudad
of genital opening a pair of elongate, triangular, sclerotized plates.

Type and paratypes —No. 56477 U.S. National Museum.

Type locality —‘Foa”’, Peru.

Food plant.—Beans.

Remarks.—Described from male type and one male para-
type from the type locality (reared 19 Aug. 1930) and six male
paratypes from Lima, Peru (reared Aug. 1930 and 15 Sept.
1940, all the foregoing submitted by Dr. Johannes Wille under
his numbers 175-30 and 67-40), two female paratypes from
Cafiete, Peru (reared 22 May, 1942 by E. J. Hambleton, one
male and one female paratype from Trinidad River, Panama
(June and March, 1912, August Busck, collector), two female
paratypes from Tabogilla Island, Panama (Feb. 1912, Busck),
and one female paratype from San Salvador, El Salvador
(reared 25 Jan. 1933 by S. Calderon). Both Dr. Wille and
Mr. Hambleton report that the larvae were doing extensive
damage to bean crops in Peru, boring into the stems and pods.
Adults have also been reared and larvae and pupae taken at
our Mexican border quarantine stations from string beans from
Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico, indicating that the species has a wide
distribution in Central and South America. It has not as yet
been found in the United States.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Laspeyresia leguminis, new species. Genitalia of male with one
harpe omitted.

Fig. 2. Genitalia of female.

Fig. 3. Head of male.

Fig. 4. Fore wing of specimen with strongly contrasted markings.

Fig. 5. Fore wing of suffused specimen.

Drawings made under the author’s supervision by Mrs. Sara H. DeBord
of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,

PLATE 4
°

eguminis, new species

Laspeyresia l

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 45

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

A NEW LEAFHOPPER OF THE GENUS HELOCHARA.
(Homoptera, Cicadellidae.)

3y P. W. Oman,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

It is suspected that the new species here described is a vector
of the virus that is responsible for Pierce’s disease of grapes
in California.

Helochara delta, new species.

Larger than communis Fitch and with the head more produced. Length,
male 5 mm., female 6 mm.

Dorsum and sides sordid green, frequently with irregular areas of sordid
yellowish green; apex of crown, 4 short arcs on antero-lateral margin of
crown, and occasionally a subbasal series of irregular spots on pronotum
fuscous to black. Face and venter of thorax pale sordid brown to fuscous;
abdomen, except terminal portion in female, fuscous to black.

l. communis

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Head, pronotum and scutellum of (1) Helochara communis; (2) 4.
delta. Illustrations by Mrs. Claudelle L. Gaddis.

Crown about five-sixths as long as pronotum, apex bluntly pointed,
median portion between antero-lateral arcs at narrowest point one-fourth
to one-fifth as wide as distance between ocelli, much broader than in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 TS)

communis. Pronotum varying somewhat in length, sometimes extended
posteriorly nearly to transverse suture of scutellum. Venation and geni-
talia as in communts.

Holotype male, allotype female, and 14 male and 14 female
paratypes from General Grant National Park, Calif., elevation
6,500 ft., October 16, 1941, Norman W. Frazier No. 12. Types
in collection of United States National Museum, No. 56500;
4 male and 4 female paratypes returned to Mr. Frazier.

Other specimens at hand are from Kenwood and Smith

River, Calif.

BOOK REVIEWS.

Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides: Donald E. H. Frear, Ph.
D., Assistant Professor of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,
Pennsylvania State College, 8 vo., cloth, 300 pp., 31 illus., N. Y., D.
Van Nostrand Co., 1942. ($4.00.)

This book is an outgrowth of lecture notes and reference
compilations prepared by its author for use over a period of
several years in connection with graduate courses on the sub-
ject. Its publication in the present form, however, has resulted
from numerous requests by chemists, biochemists and others,
who have felt that other productions otherwise somewhat
similar in scope did not stress sufficiently certain phases of this
rapidly growing field of chemical endeavor, and from similar
requests by economic entomologists and plant pathologists
who have felt that attempts by the public to control insects
and plant diseases would be facilitated by a better under-
standing of the chemistry of those products used as insecticides
and fungicides. Some idea of the general scope of the volume
may be gained by a survey of the five general divisions of its
contents: Under the division of (1) stomach poisons or pro-
tective insecticides (pp. 7-52) treatment is given of the arsenic-
als, as Paris green, London purple, calcium arsenate, lead
arsenate, flourine compounds, fluorides, fluosilicates, fluo-
aluminates, hellebore, dinitro derivatives, phenothiazine and
the like. Under the division of (2) contact poisons or eradicant
insecticides (pp. 53-152) there may be found treatment of
nicotine, pyrethrum, rotenone, deguelin, toxicarol, tephrosin,
sumatrol, quassa, croton, the organic sulphur compounds,
amines, sulphur and inorganic sulphur compounds, oils, soaps,
tar oils, and the like. The fumigants also include such as
hydrocyanic acid, chloropicrin, carbon disulphide, carbon

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

tetrochloride, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethane, tetrachlo-
roethane, propylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide,
dichloroethyl ether, naphthalene, and _ paradichlorobenzine.
The division (3) on fungicides (pp. 153- 180) include the copper
compounds such as Bordeaux mixture in various compounds,
copper phosphate, copper ammonium silicate, copper zeolite,
copper oxides, basic copper carbonate, copper sulphate and
others. ‘This same division on fungicides likewise considers
the mercury and zinc compounds, other miscellaneous fungi-
cides, and wood and cellulose preservatives. The division (4)
on spray supplements and residue removal (pp. 181-208)
contains chapters on wetting, spreading and emulsifying
agents and on spray removal while the division (5) on analy-
tical methods (pp. 209-277) contains detailed treatment of
both macro and micro methods. ‘The scope and length of treat-
ment of these various subjects varies with importance and
quantity of available material, and consideration is given to
such matters as composition, properties and reactions, methods
of application, and conditions of maximum usefulness of a
given chemical or compound. For the benefit of readers wish-
ing to pursue further a given topic, extensive bibliographical
lists of carefully selected source material are given at end of
each chapter, these being connected with corresponding text
by appropriate cross reference. ‘These bibliographies are by no
means complete, but effort has been made to make them rep-
resentative of the fields which they cover. In the preparation
of this book special effort has been made by the author ‘“‘to
make it as widely useful as possible,’ and his objective has
been ‘‘a reference work to which teachers and research workers
in various fields, particularly of course in economic entomology,
plant pathology and horticulture, may turn for information
concerning the composition, properties, and reactions of the
various chemicals used to control insects and plant diseases.”

jJ.S. Wave.

The Genus Conotrachelus Dejean (Coleopetra, Curculionidae)
in the North Central United States: Herbert Frederick Schoof, Uni-
versity of Illinois Biological Monographs, v. 19, n. 3, 170 pp., 9 plates
(109 figures), 1942. ($1.50).

This is a systematic study of certain species of the large and
polymorphic weevil genus Conotrachelus. ‘Twenty-eight species,
five of them new, are recorded from the region covered, which
comprises the states of Illinois, Wisconsin, lowa, Missouri,
Kentucky, and Indiana; and a twenty-ninth (carolinensis)
from outside this area, is described as new in an appendix.
Excepting for several Floridian species, most of those treated

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943 Te

have a rather wide distribution over the eastern half of the
United States, and in effect the paper thus covers considerably
more territory than is specified in the title. The 109 line
drawings illustrate chiefly anatomical features which were
found to be of taxonomic value.

In a general discussion of about 30 pages the author takes
up: Review of literature; materials and methods; characters
of taxonomic importance; nomenclature; and classification.
Noteworthy are the descriptions of a special, balsam mount
for the male genitalia; and of a method of everting the en-
dophallus (internal sac). ‘The distinction between the tibial
uncus and mucro, modifications of which afford characters of
importance in this and in many other genera of Curculionidae,
is explained on page 21 and illustrated in figure 20. The
systematic arrangement adopted is a 4-way division of the
genus (p. 40); the species of each division are then tabulated
in four separate keys. Useful taxonomic characters were found
in the beak, mesoscutellum, sculpture of the body (particularly
the contours of the elytral surface), structure of the legs and of
the male genitalia, and in other parts. ‘The relationship be-
tween aratus and tibialis is of an unusual kind in this genus,
the male of tzbzalis possessing a striking differential structure
on its front tibia, whereas the females of the two are separable
with more or less difficulty or, in some specimens, are nearly
indistinguishable. Species descriptions are headed by a diag-
nostic paragraph titled “Special Characters” and attention to
this, in connection with the features mentioned in the key,
will sometimes enable the experienced student to identify
specimens without recourse to the longer, formal descriptions.
In describing the dorsum of the prothorax the term “‘pronotum”
is avoided, doubtless because the pronotum in Curculionidae
typically includes much more than the dorsal surface alone.
However, the word “disc,” which apparently is adopted in-
stead, is not exactly synonymous with the old “pronotum,”
leaving only the unwieldy “dorsal surface” (or ‘‘dorsum’’)
“of prothorax” as a substitute term (in Curculionidae) for
this part. Lectotypes of certain Leconte species, neotypes of
several Say species, and plesiotypes of several Boheman and
Germar species, are designated. A worth-while practice is the
inclusion of the complete distribution, by states, of each species,
not alone its partial distribution within the limited region
covered (i. e., where the two distributions differ). The biolo-
gical data given show that certain species, such as nenuphar
and anaglypticus have what seems to be a remarkably wide
range of breeding habits. A bibliography of 88 titles, and a
glossary of technical terms, are placed at the end of the paper.

The author was confronted by a serious nomenclatorial
situation which threatened to force the transfer of Conotrachelus

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 3, MAR., 1943

from its present familiar position in the Cryptorhynchinae to
the Barinae. This resulted from the circumstance that, of the
species originally placed in Conotrachelus by Dejean, only two
(both barines) seemed to be validly described; whereas the
genotype of Conotrachelus, designated by Schoenherr in 1837
(diaconitus Germar), appeared to be a nomen nudum. However,
a study of collateral evidence in the literature disclosed the
possibility of connecting diaconitus Germar with an earlier
(1829) description of diaconitus by Klug; and the genotype,
by inference, becomes diaconitus Klug 1829. The reviewer
feels that Dr. Schoof has presented a rational plan for retaining
Conotrachelus in its commonly accepted sense, even though his
solution is not in accord with a rigid application of the rules of
zoological nomenclature.

The first dichotomy in the key on page 40 would be more
easily appreciated if illustrated by much enlarged figures of the
tarsal claws; and the same is true of the ‘“‘coarse”’ and ‘“‘fine”’
abdominal punctures mentioned in the first dichotomy on page
41. The statement on page 25 (line 20-21) regarding relative
positions of the antennal socket in the sexes is true for the
species treated, and also for nearly all others; but, to take care
of such cases as that of brevicollis Champ., from Panama, in
which the female has the antennal socket at about the basal
fourth, the wording might be changed to bring out the distance
of the socket from the base (or apex) rather than from the
middle. In the discussion of sexual differences (pp. 24-25) no
mention is made of the occasional small difference in contour
of abdominal sterna 1 and 2, probably because this feature
is either absent, or so poorly developed, in most species as to
have little or no practical value; however, the character is of
such wide-spread occurrence in curculionids as a whole that
the feebleness of its development in Conotrachelus seems worth
mentioning. On page 99 and again on page 118 the author
states that the descriptions published by Walsh in ‘““The Prairie
Farmer” are invalid because the journal is not a technical one.
As to this, the reviewer feels that a special ruling would be
necessary to invalidate such descriptions.

A merit of the paper as a whole is the painstaking considera-
tion given to the various problems, both taxonomic and nom-
enclatorial, which arose during the course of the work; and it
is to be hoped that Dr. Schoof will be able to expand the study
to other species of the genus. L. L. BucHanan.

Actual date of publication, March 31, 1943.

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VOL. 45 APRIL, 1943 No. 4

THE NEARCTIC SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS AGLAOSTIGMA.
(Hymenoptera.)

By Herserr H. Ross,
Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois.

A study of the genitalia of 4glaostigma Kirby has disclosed
characters which assist greatly in establishing the identity of
various species in the genus. In many instances color differ-
ences are reliable for species separation, but a few cases have
been found in which recourse to characters of the genitalia are
necessary for accurate identification. Seven species are recog-
nized in the nearctic region. Four of these are apparently
restricted to the Rocky Mountain region and the remaining
three are decidedly eastern, none of them having been recorded
west of Iowa. Three of the species, dilutum, dentatum, and
ruficornum, appear to be very local in distribution; this, com-
bined with their very primitive phylogenetic position, indi-
cates that they are probably archaic species with very narrow
limits of ecological tolerance.

The genus extends throughout the nearctic and palearctic
regions. I have examined representatives of many palearctic
species; these resemble the nearctic forms in general shape of
the male genital capsule, especially in shape of claspers and
praeputial lobes, but differ from them in shape and detail of
penis valves.

Key to Nearcric SPECIES.

MEPMEMETIIESLERTIte tcl er(nuales) =). 22 ne eae Pe 2
Apex of abdomen with a scabbard-like sheath (females)... 8
_ LL Eb? TUSHERS ri fla) 2G) eater ae Be, 9 ed ie PRE rc nat ee Ree 3
Mesopleuron with a yellow band or mostly yellow__....................-.-..---- 5
EAE MERET OTS LV ait TOUS eee Ss 4
Legs mostly black with the anterior faces more or less streaked
wesc, PSM Sy pS a ee ce et veedee
4. Head of penis valves with apico-dorsal area of lateral aspect
Bnvekivalnimedawith spines, fig .2-. 252 8228 ee dilutum
Head of penis valves with only a few spines on lateral aspect,
ica | unre aem AIA eel I Es eA hk ee ee rubense

5. Penis valves with head markedly longer than wide, figs 3, 4,
dorsal margin not produced into a spicate lobe. __--_-------eenene ene 6

80

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

sy

. Mesonotum either mostly yellow or uniformly yellowish brown

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

Penis valves with head scarcely longer than wide, figs. 5, 6,
dorsal margin produced into a rounded lobe heavily set with
spines

. Penis valves with dorsal margin incised, the apical portion near

and above the incision with a thick patch of spines, fig. 3

AE NOV ASS TNE RIN SL BA (Or ty OE AAR AS AM ruficornum
Penis valves with few spines and dorsal side evenly rounded,

BLS: a. Sea oe Sea ee set Sa Ae GOL EU A Rs dentatum

. All femora and tibiae each with a black band on posterior face

14—punctatum
Only hind femora and tibiae with black, that sometimes absent
semiluteum
Mesonotum almost entirely black, except sometimes for some
cream spots or bars

. Mesonotum a distinct, bright yellow-brown. Known only from

(@ arom Vale a Fas OE eg it Na ee dilutum
Mesonotum straw colored or dull and blotched. Known only
from the northern Appalachian region_____.._...-_..-.---- 14-punctatum
Scutal lobes with a cream-colored dot or bar -2 2.
Scutal lobes entirely black (scutellum sometimes cream) -.......--....-----
Hind femora each with a posterior black stripe extending its
entire length. 2 ees. <3 eee a eee) ee ern ae 14-punctatum
Hind femora slightly darkened only at apices
Antennae each with apical four segments cream, basal five
segments dark brown; saw heavily sclerotized, with coarse
PEC EME. figs (O82. ee ee oe ssi Se ee dentatum
Antennae uniformly colored for their entire length; saw weakly
sclerotized, teeth minutes tes) (seme ee semiluteum
Sheath subequal to mid tibia in length. Lancet extremely long
and! slender sivouy Tl sees sot Care rer ee eee ruficornum
Sheath less than two-thirds as long as mid tibia. Lancet shorter
and wider, figs. 9, 10
Lancet weakly sclerotized, with small teeth and tapering only
at apex, figs (325 ees ee es ee ee semiluteum
Lancet more heavily sclerotized, tapering from near base and
with relatively large teeth, fig. 10
Legs almost entirely: nufous#-e- 22 rubense
Legs black, streaked in front with yellow -.-...............-.-.-0- veedee

Aglaostigma dilutum (Cresson).

Tenthredo dilutus Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:24; 1880. @.

Male.—Length 9 mm.

Color almost exactly as for rubense except that

the apex of the abdomen apparently is always rufous instead of usually
being black. Structure as in rubense, the only differences noted being in
the penis valves, These, fig. 2, have the head longer than in rubense, its

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 81

apical half swollen on the dorsal side, this swollen portion studded with
spines.

Allotype, male.—Yorkville, Mendocino County, California,
May 17, 1929, E. P. Van Duzee. In the collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Distribution.—California.

Aglaostigma rubense (Cresson).

Tenthredo rubens Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:24; 1880. oo.
Tenthredo edwardsit Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:24; 1880. 9.
Tenthredo atravenus MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 27:283; 1895. o.

Astochus fletcheri MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 46:108; 1914. 9.

Astochus aldrichi MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 46:137; 1914. 9.

Tenthredo racilia MacGillivray, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. 31:112; 1923. &.
Tenthredo refractarta MacGillivray, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. 31:113; 1923. 9.

The extreme difference in genitalia between rubense, as in
fig. 1, and ruficornum, fig. 3, was unknown to Rohwer (1918)
and myself (1931) when the synonymy of these species was
discussed. ‘The character of “rufous antennae” mentioned by
MacGillivray for ruficornum is possessed also by some speci-
mens of rubense and it is upon certain of these specimens that
Rohwer’s record of ruficornum is based.

Distribution.—b.. C.. Cal: Ida; Nev) Ore., Wash.

Aglaostigma veedee, new species.

Although very closely related to rubense, this species appears distinct
on the basis of the legs being black with the anterior faces streaked with
yellow instead of being predominantly rufous. Its range is apparently
more southern and restricted than that of rubense. No suggestion of
intergrades between the two forms has been found in a total of ninety
specimens of both species which have been examined.

Male—Length 9 mm. Head and thorax black with the following parts
ivory: labrum, spot on base of mandible, appendages of mouth-parts,
narrow lines on upper inner orbits, line on posterior margin of pronotum,
tegulae; antennae mostly brown, each with a black area on dorsal surface.
Legs black with the three apical tarsal segments of the hind tibiae and
anterior faces of the two front pairs yellow, and the following parts rufous:
posterior faces of front and middle tibae and tarsi and an indistinct area
in middle of hind tibia. Wings with veins and stigma black. Abdomen
rufous with basal plates and irregular area on apex black.

General structure as for genus. Penis valves, fig. 1, apparently identical
with rubense, as follows: shape fairly regular, of a curved, spatulate type,
the apical and dorsal margins toothed, the lateral face with a cluster of
weak, scattered spines.

Female——Length 10 mm. Color as in male with the following differ-
ences: most of clypeus, inner orbits, line on postgenae, central area of

82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

mesoepisternum, spots on metapleuron, most of coxae and sometimes
under side of hind femur, ivory; abdomen usually rufous beyond basal
plates, but a few specimens have large areas of the base and apex suffused
with black.

General structure as in male. Saw, similar to fig. 10, with 15 annulets,
with distinct rows of lateral teeth; ventral lobes wide and close together,
each with a large double tooth at base with three to five teeth in front.

Holotype, male—Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado County,
California, July, 1931, O. H. Swezey. In the collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype, female—Same data.

Paraty pes —All from California: 1<, same data as holotype.
Fallen Leaf Lake, L. Tahoe: June 20, 1915, E. C. Vani Dykes
i¢,3¢@. Huntington Lake: July 11, 1919, E. P. Van Duzee
192. Yosemite Valley: May 9-28, 1921,57,19. Martinez,
Contra Costa County; June, 1910, J. G. Grundell, lo, 39°
Mineral King, Tulare County: July 31, 1923, 12. Deposited
with the California Academy of Sciences and the Illinois Natural
History Survey.

Aglaostigma ruficornum (MacGillivray).
Tenthredopsis ruficorna MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 25:242; 1893. 9.

Male.—Length 9 mm. Color almost exactly as in female. General
structure of body and genitalia as for genus. Penis valves distinctive,
fig. 3, the dorsal margin of the head excavated near stalk, with a cluster
of spines just above incision.

Allotype, male,—Mt. Hood, Oregon, June. 24, 1925, eleva-
tion 3000-6000 ft., E. C. Van Dyke. In the collection of the
California Academy of Sciences.

Distribution—Known only from Mt. Hood, Oregon, and
Olympia, Washington.

Aglaostigma 14-punctatum (Norton).

Tenthredo quattuordecimpunctatus Norton, Ent. Soc. Phil. Proc. 1:143;
8625 8Cr

This species is recognized in both sexes by the pale and
blotched thoracic dorsum. It is closely related to semiluteum.

Distribution—Mass., N. C., N. H., N. Y., Que.

Aglaostigma dentatum new species.

The male of this species differs from all others in the genus by the
semicircular head of the penis valve, fig. 4, with only a few peripheral
spines. ‘The female most closely resembles /4—-punctatum but differs in
saw characters.

Male.—Length, 8 mm. Head with posterior aspect and most of dorsal
aspect above base of antennae, black; antennal tubercles, orbits and lower

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 83

portion of head cream colored; antennae brownish yellow, the first five
segments of each suffused dorsally with black. Thorax black with posterior
and lateral margins of pronotum, faint lines on mesoscutum, anterior
half of mesoscutellum, most of meso- and metaépisternum, ivory. Legs
with coxae and trochanters ivory, marked with irregular lines of black,
remainder of legs light brown except hind femur and apical half of hind
tarsus, which are blackish brown. Wings hyaline. Abdomen rufous.
General structure as for other members of genus. Praeputial lobes di-
vergent apically, slightly pointed. Harpes rounded at apices. Penis valve,
fig. 4, with dorsal margin evenly arcuate, bearing only a scattered peri-
pheral row of teeth; central portion with a group of a few inconspicuous
teeth; apex rounded, ventral margin nearly straight; head narrowing
gradually to stalk.

Female.—Length 8.5 mm. Color as in male, except as follows: antennae
each with apical four segments ivory, basal five black with whitish marks
on ventral surface; hind legs with only apices of femora suffused with dark
brown. General structure as in male. Sheath more than twice as long as
wide. Saw with 16 segments; lancet, fig. 8, tapering gradually from middle,
the teeth of the lateral aspect fairly large; teeth of ventral margin larger
and less numerous than those of /4-punctatum.

Holotype, male-—Franconia, New Hampshire, Mrs. Slosson.
In the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey.

Allotype, female-——Hampton, New Hampshire, June 12, 1914,
S. A. Shaw. Deposited with the holotype.

Aglaostigma semiluteum (Norton).

Tenthredo semiluteus Norton, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 9:121; 1862.
hs ilo

Pachyprotasis delta Provancher, Naturalist Canadian, 10:108; 1878. 9.

Bivena maria MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 26:328; 1894.

This species has hitherto been classified as two, a light form with the
abdomen entirely rufous and several yellow marks on the dorsum of the
thorax (semiluteum) and a darker form with the apex of the abdomen
black and most of the yellow marks on the dorsum of the thorax replaced
by black (delta). In the series of 60 specimens studied intergradations
between these forms are abundant in both sexes. Furthermore there is
no apparent structural difference between specimens differing in color,
so they are considered as the same species. The male genitalia, fig. 6,
resemble very closely those of 1/4-punctatum. ‘The female saw, however,
is quite distinct, figs. 7, 9.

Dicenibution——Conn., Ill., la., Mass., Md., N. €y N: Y.;
Ona; Ont.,Pa., Va.

Pruiate 5.—Parts or AGLAOSTIGMA.

Figs. 1-6, penis valves, Figs. 7-11, lancets of saws.

PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

RUFICORNUM
VEEPEE == DILUTUM DENTATUM

SEMI-
LUTEUM

14-PUNCTATUM

10
RUBENSE

I
RUFICORNUM

[84]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 85

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN PLECOPTERA. ITI.!
By Joun F. Hanson.

The following three new species of Capnia have come to my
attention during the course of a revisionary study of the Cap-
niidae. All three species are closely related to one another.

Capnia ligulata, n. sp.
(Fig. 1.)

Males.—Similar in all general morphological details to other species of
the genus Capnia. Length of body, 5 to 6 mm.; length of fore wing 5 to
6 mm.

Abdominal tergites without projections or protuberances. The ninth
and tenth tergites and part of the eighth with mid-dorsal, membranous
areas underlying the supraanal process. Supraanal process long and
nearly cylindrical throughout its length; arising from a slightly enlarged
base and extending forward to the hind margin of segment eight; only
slightly curved in lateral view, straight in dorsal view; tapering only very
slightly until very near the sharply pointed apex; 0.50 mm. in length
(Fig. 1). Ninth abdominal sternite without a ventral appendage.

Collection data: Holotype, male—Boulder, Colo., March
20 (Hite) (in Museum of Comparative Zoology). Paratype,
male—Boulder, Colo., March 17 (in Cornell University Col-
lection).

Capnia ligulata is most closely related to the two other species
described here, but is easily distinguished from these by the
shape and length of its supraanal process and by its possession
of wings of normal size in the male sex. Of previously described
species of Capnia, C. ligulata is most closely related to C. glabra
from which it differs in several characters. In C. glabra the
supraanal process, as seen in dorsal aspect, is asymmetrically
curved, and in lateral view is more curved than is that of
C. ligulata. Also, the ninth tergite of C. glabra bears a pair of
raised knobs which are not present in C. ligulata.

Capnia lineata, n. sp.
(Bigs. 2 and 3.)

Similar in all general morphological details to other species of the genus
Capnia. Length of body, 5 mm. in male, 7 to 8 mm. in female; length of
fore wing 0.5 mm. in male, 7 to 8 mm. in female. The fore wings of the
male are so reduced as to be devoid of venation. They are about the size
of the wing pads of normal immature Capnias. The hind wings are reduced
to an even greater extent.

1Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Massachusetts
State College, Amherst, Massachusetts; supported in part through a
Grant-in-Aid from the Society of the Sigma Xi.

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

Males.—Abdominal tergites without projections or protuberances. The
ninth and tenth tergites and part of the eighth tergite crossed by a mid-
dorsal, membranous stripe underlying the supraanal process. Supraanal
process long and nearly cylindrical throughout its length; arising from a
slightly enlarged base and extending forward to the middle of the eighth
abdominal segment; straight in both dorsal and lateral views; in lateral
aspect tapering gradually to the sharply pointed apex; 0.70 mm. in length
(Fig. 3). Ninth abdominal sternite without a ventral appendage.

Female-—With a broad, membranous, mid-dorsal stripe extending
across abdominal tergites one through eight. Eighth abdominal sternite
only slightly modified: median portion of its posterior margin (lip of female
reproductive opening) broadly rounded, straight, or broadly emarginate,
and well sclerotized to its edge (I'ig. 2).

Collection Data: Holotype male and allotype female—Troy,
Idaho, April 22, 1911 Gn my personal collection). Paratopo-
types, 272 @ (in M.C.Z., Cornell University Collection, Ill. Nat.
Hist. Survey Collection, and U.S.N.M.).

Capnia lineata is most closely related to the two other species
described here. It is intermediate between these two species
in the length of its supraanal process, and differs from them
in having this process straight rather than curved. The extreme
brachyptery of the male of C. lineata also distinguishes the
species.

Capnia zukeli, n. sp.
(Figs. 4 and 5.)

Similar in all general morphological details to other species of the genus
Capnia. Length of body, 7 mm. in male, 9 mm. in female; length of fore
wing, 2 mm. in male, 8 mm. in female.

Male.——Abdominal tergites without projections or protuberances.
Tergites seven, eight, nine, and ten with a mid-dorsal, membranous stripe
underlying the supraanal process. Supraanal process long and cylindrical;
typically, sharply recurved over the abdomen and extending forward at
least to the hinder margin of the seventh abdominal segment; curved
slightly upward beyond the middle and then slightly downward again at
the apex; in dorsal view, straight; 1.35 mm. in length (Fig. 5). Ninth
abdominal sternite without a ventral appendage.

Female——With a broad, membranous, mid-dorsal stripe extending
across abdominal tergites one through eight. Eighth abdominal sternite
only slightly modified: median portion of its posterior margin (lip of
female reproductive opening) straight, and with a narrow, membranous
region along the edge (Fig. 4).

Collection data—Holotype, male—Moscow, Idaho, alt.
2560 feet, April 2, 1938 (Zukel). Allotopotype, female. Both

types are deposited in my personal collection.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 45 PLATE 6

Ve ake my 1

C. LINEATA Ws ESS
Fig. 2 Fig. 3 C. uineata ¢

Fig. 6 C cRACILARIA

C ZuKELI ¢

Fig. 4 Fig. 5 C. ZUKELI of

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Fig. 1. Capnia ligulata n. sp., & genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 2. Capnia lineata n. sp., Q genitalia, ventral view.

Fig. 3. Capnia lineata n. sp., & genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 4. Capnia zukeli n. sp., Q genitalia, ventral view.

Fig. 5. Capnia zukeli n. sp., @ genitalia, lateral view.

Fig. 6. Capnia gracilaria Clsn., supraanal process of male, lateral view.

[87]

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

This species is most closely related to Capnia gracilaria
Claassen (Fig. 6) from which it is distinguished easily in the
male sex. Its supraanal process is about twice as long and
twice as thick as that of C. gracilaria. It extends to the seventh
tergite and bends slightly downward at the apex rather than
upward as in C. gracilaria. The wings of the male of C. gractl-
aria extend beyond the tip of the abdomen, while the holotype
of C. zukeli is brachypterous and its wings extend only to the
third abdominal segment.

The supraanal process of Capnia elongata is nearly as long
(1 mm.) as that of C. zukeli but is of a considerably different
shape. ‘The former species also bears a protuberance on the
seventh abdominal tergite, while C. zwkeli has none.

The female of this species is very similar to that of C. lineata.
The single known female specimen of C. zukeli differs from that.
of C. lineata in that the edge of the lip of its reproductive
opening is membranous. It is highly probable that when
more female specimens of this species are known it will be
found to be inseparable from C. lineata in this sex. This situa-
tion is known to be the case in certain other instances in Capnia
and other genera of Plecoptera.

THE QUEEN OF A BRITISH GUIANA ECITON AND A NEW ANT
GARDEN SOLENOPSIS.

(Hymenoptera: Formicidae.)
By Neat A. WEBER, University of North Dakota.

From the bivouac of an army ant in British Guiana I secured
the queen for which a new subspecies of the tropical American
Eciton (E.) burcheli (Westwood) was erected and _ briefly
described as jeanae in the American Midland Naturalist (26:329,
1941). Although the soldiers and workers were similar to the
common form, the queen differed distinctly from that caste
figured and described by Wheeler (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sc.,
56:297-307, 1921) and that of a Trinidad colony of a form long
known as the subspecies wricht Forel which I also briefly de-
scribed in 1941. A figure of the head of the queen of the new
subspecies and descriptions of the castes follow.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 89

The Solenopsis is described at the present time in order to
use the name in a paper on the ant gardens of South America.!

Eciton (E.) burchelli (Westw.), ssp. jeanae Weber (Fig. 1).
Eciton (E.) burchelli ssp. jeanae Weber, 1941, Amer. Midl. Nat., 26:329.

Female.—Length 21 mm. (of thorax 4.9 mm.). Head in front view,
excluding mandibles, slightly broader than long, occipital margin distinctly
impressed medially, sides in the form of two convexities, the posterior
being slight, that in front of the eyes being more pronounced, anterior
clypeal margin convex; eyes situated posterior to the middle, convex,
0.21 mm. in diameter; frontal groove distinct, terminating anteriorly in
an expanded depression, continued to the occipital margin from a level
with the eyes ina faint impression; occiput in side view with a faint pro-
tuberance on each side; mandibles linear, slightly expanded in the basal
half, feebly curved apically; antennal scapes stout, slightly curved towards
the head; Ist funicular joint, excluding attachment, slightly broader than
long, 2nd joint 134 times longer than broad, following joints successively
shortening to the terminal joint which is the longest of the funicle and is
31% times longer than broad. Thorax in side view broadly convex to the
epinotum, slightly raised at the anterior margin, distinctly impressed at
the pro-mesonotal suture; from above the mesonotum is seen to be long-
itudinally and broadly impressed; meso-epinotal impression broad and
deep, the metanotum being distinctly indicated and margined by sutures
from the adjacent segments; from above the mesonotum appears com-
pressed and is bordered in front by large, protuberant spiracles and behind
by less protuberant spiracles, mesonotum expanded ventrally where joined
by the coxae and bearing large, apparently open, stigmata; dorsal surface
of epinotum erected in the form of two blunt, backwardly directed cones;
sides with large slit-shaped stigmata. Petiole with a pair of much higher
cones, also backwardly directed, which are horn-shaped and blunted.
Gaster 11 mm. long in the preserved state, anterodorsal angle feebly
impressed medially, sting stout, not exserted beyond the dorsal segments
when preserved. Legs long, femora and tibiae somewhat compressed,
claws large and stout, with two well developed teeth and a variably de-
veloped third, more minute, tooth at the base.

Surface of body dull to lucid, being finely and densely punctate dorsally
and less so ventrally, dorsal surfaces also with numerous large, scattered,
shallow pits, at least some of which were piligerous originally. Pilosity
sparse, consisting of short, fine hairs which are most numerous at sutures,
ventrally and on appendages, including the entire mandibles, these hairs
are very short and fine on the ventral portions of body and coxae. Reddish
brown, gastric segments brown anteriorly and ventrally. Color of head
and thorax in life dull red brown, the gaster darker brown except for the
posterior parts of the segments which were blotched with lighter brown,
epinotal protuberances bright and shiny light red brown.

_ + This paper, ‘“‘Parabiosis in neotropical ant gardens,” is to be published
in the journal, Ecology.

90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

Soldier.—Extended length 16-17 mm. (thorax 4.4 mm.). Differing
from the typical burchelli chiefly in the antennae. ‘The scape in the typical
form is, according to Borgmeier, much narrower at the distal end and
does not completely hide the first funicular joint when this is extended at
right angles. Resembling in this the ssp. foreli Mayr to which Borgmeier
ascribes the Trinidad, Kartabo, B. G., and Barro Colorado I., C. Z. ants.
The present subspecies differs from Trinidad specimens in having a marked-
ly greater dilatation of the scape at the end and a petiolar node shorter
and more rounded above. Kartabo specimens have a broader pedicel and
have the epinotal carinae more widely separated in front and behind;
Barro Colorado I. specimens have longer frontal carinae and shorter
scapes.

Brood. Eggs elliptical, 0.23 x 0.51 mm., white. Larvae slender, curved,
with numerous fine, flexuous hairs which are mostly simple and of variable
size but are sometimes bifid, trifid or multifid; mandibles slender, falcate.

Described from a colony (No. 582) in rain forest close to the
Oronoque River, Courantyne system, British Guiana, July 21,
1936. The ants had formed a bivouac at the base of a tree
stump and hanging from branches of small saplings, dry leaves,
etc., close to it. The brood was well above the ground and
appressed to the stump. ‘Two staphylinoid ecitophiles were
taken in unburdened ant files going away from the bivouac.

Solenopsis parabiotica, sp. nov. (Fig. 2).

Worker. Length 2.0 mm. (of thorax 0.54 mm.). Head in front view with
moderately convex sides which attain their greatest distance apart post-
erior to the eyes, occipital margin transverse to faintly concave, corners
broadly rounded; eyes 0.046 mm. in greatest diameter; anterior clypeal
margin with a minute tooth on each side of the median pair; mandibles
4-toothed, the basal tooth being much the smallest, the median pair
sub-equal and the terminal tooth much the longest; antennae moderately
impressed at the meso-epinotal suture, the anterior convexity slight and
descending gradually to the anterior margin, the posterior convexity more
marked and without angularity; from above broadly and gently impressed
at the meso-epinotum. Petiole in side view 0.17 mm. high with high,
conic node rounded above, ventral margin anteriorly bearing a small,
triangular tooth; postpetiole 24 height of petiole, rounded above, slightly
broader than petiole with sides evenly convex. Gaster of moderate pro-
portions with anterior margin concave and terminating posteriorly in a
long, fine sting. Legs long and slender.

Smooth and shining except for scattered piligerous punctations. Pilosity
of scattered, fine hairs, mostly long on thorax, gaster and legs, mostly
shorter on head and funiculi. Pale brownish yellow, margins of mandibles
infuscated.

Female. Length with gastric segments extended 4.0 mm. (of thorax
0.95 mm.). Similar to the worker except for the usual sexual differences.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 91

Petiolar node proportionately more compressed anteriorly-posteriorly.
Smooth and shining except for more numerous piligerous punctations;
pedicel striatepunctate except on dorsum of nodes. Pilosity more abundant
than in worker and color much darker, being a bright, medium brown
with the appendages paler.

Cotype workers from colony No. 347.2 and holotype female
from colony No. 295, all from the forest back of the Forest
Settlement, Mazaruni River, British Guiana, September 3
and August 19, respectively, 1935. ‘The ants were dwelling in
the thin partitions separating the chambers of ant gardens
inhabited by Crematogaster limata parabiotica Forel and Cam-
ponotus femoratus (Fabr.). ‘The workers of colony No. 295
vary in color in the dried state from brownish yellow to brown
although in life they appeared yellow and were so recorded in
field notes.

Fig. 1. Head of female of Eciton (£.) burchelli ssp. geanae Weber.
Fig. 2. Head of worker of Solenopsis parabtiotica, sp. nov.

This species runs to S. helena Em. of Chile in Emery’s 1896
key but this species has the sides of the head less convex,
the scape and the terminal antennal joint are longer and the
size is smaller. It appears also close to S. pollux For. of St.
Thomas but this species is still smaller, the terminal antennal
joint longer, etc. Wheeler (Zoologica, 3:157-158, 1921) has
described two subspecies of helena from British Guiana without
figures. Judging from the brief descriptions the subspecies
hermione is smaller and has smaller eyes, the subspecies wltrix
is smaller, has longer antennal scapes and is darker colored.

93 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

WALTER SIDNEY ABBOTT.

Walter Sidney Abbott, of Takoma Park, Md., passed away
on October 27, 1942, while returning home from a visit to the
Beltsville Research Center, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, Md., his last place of employment
previous to retirement in 1938.

Mr. Abbott was born in Manchester, N. H., on May 21, 1879,
and was graduated from the University of New Hampshire
in 1910 with a B. S. degree. Upon graduation, he spent one
year with the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station
and one with the Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign,
Ill. His twenty six years of service with the United States
Department of Agriculture began April 15, 1912, when he was
appointed as agent with the Bureau of Entomology at Vienna,
Va. Here he worked with insecticides in connection with
the enforcement of the Insecticide Act of 1910. This work was
subsequently supervised by the Food and Drug Administra-
tion. On March 3, 1920, Mr. Abbott was promoted to Ento-
mologist and placed in charge of the Insecticide Testing Labora-
tory, and in June, 1928, he became Senior Entomologist,
which title he held until his retirement.

Altho Mr. Abbott’s duties were largely regulatory, he was
able to carry out considerable research. He was author or
co-author of about eleven publications, including several
Government bulletins, on pyrethrum, derris, and on the effec-
tiveness of miscellaneous materials against such economic
pests as the San Jose scale, poultry lice, the dog flea, and
household insects.

Mr. Abbott was a charter member of the Entomological
Society of America, a member, then fellow, of the American
Association for the Advancement of Sciences, and also belonged
to the American Association of Economic Entomologists, and
the Entomological Society of Washington. Mr. Abbott was
also a charter member of the Insecticide Society of Washing-
ton, which organization he helped to establish with his charac-
teristic foresight and enthusiasm.

Altho afflicted with a physical deformity which would have
held most men largely inactive, Mr. Abbott overcame his
difficulties in a truly remarkable manner. His natural zeal
for a useful life, which goal he successfully attained both in
professional and personal ways, carried him into active partici-
pation. Among his hobbies were marksmanship, fishing and
other water sports. He possessed a fascinating mannerism
in relating anecdotes of which he was fond; he had a good sense
of humor.

Mr. Abbott is survived by his wife Lilla Robinson Abbott,
his daughter Betty, and his son Robinson.

E. H. Srecier and L. J. Borrimer.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 93

A NEW HETEROTHRIPS ON PROSOPIS.
(Thysanoptera: Heterothripidae.)

By J. C. Crawrorp,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

With each species of Heterothrips so nearly confined to the
flowers of a single species of plant, it is not at all surprising
that new species continue to turn up as the flowers of different
plants are explored. The present form was taken as a by-
product of an extensive investigation of insects on plants
related to the cotton plant and on other plants growing nearby.

Heterothrips prosopidis, new species.

Female (holotype) —Length (fully distended) 1.6 mm. Head and thorax
dark brown, abdomen lighter brown, legs about concolorous with head,
_ with fore femur yellowish within near base and yellow apically, mid femur
lightened apically, fore tibia yellow and with an irregular brown cloud
medially above and at times a similar but fainter one beneath, mid tibia
lightened at extreme base and yellow at extreme apex, hind tibia brownish
yellow in basal fourth and with extreme apex yellow, all tarsi yellow; an-
tenna dark brown with II lightened apically, III and basal half of IV
almost white, IV almost abruptly brown in apical half.

Head about 1.2 times as wide as long, widest in front of middle of cheeks,
eyes not protuding, cheeks gently convex and subserrate; occipital line
almost black, strong, touching posterior margin of eyes, with a few very
distinct, transverse, almost parallel lines back of it; fore part of head from
middle of ocellar triangle with transverse lines, of which the one inter-
secting the middle ocellus is very strong and marks the point from which
the front of the head is declivous and somewhat excavated on each side of
the middle; lateral ocelli almost contiguous with eyes, 17 w in diameter,
mid ocellus only 10 yw; ocellar crescents dark red; frontal costa with a
V-shaped emargination.

Thorax with the prothorax distinctly wider than long, widest back of
middle, and with very distinct, transverse, anastomosing lines which are
much less distinct in next to basal fourth; mesonotum with the usual
transverse, and metanotum with the usual concentric sculpture; wings
brownish gray, with the usual subbasal hyaline area which is about one-
seventh the wing length; costa with 1 + 35, fore vein with 34, and hind
vein with 29 bristles; hind wing with a median longitudinal brown stripe
ending near apex of wing. :

Abdomen with terga I-VIII with tranverse anastomosing lines bearing
long hairs, this sculpture very faint on medial portions of terga II-VII,
tergum IX medially with a triangular patch of short setae extending from
about the level of insertion of the median pair of discal setae to apex of
segment, these setae shortest basad and longest apicad and at apex of

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

segment not extending laterad of median pair of setae; terga I-VII fringed
laterally at apices with plates which apically are drawn out into spines
about one-fourth the length of the plates on the intermediate segments,
except on the innermost plates, where they are almost as long as the plates;
VIII with a complete fringe of simple spines; VI and VII with complete
combs, the interval between the plates filled with simple spines; on terga
II-V about 6 spines medially between apical fringe plates; tergum X split
open as far forward as pair of discal setae; sterna II-VI with complete
apical fringes of plates apically drawn out into spines.

Measurements (in microns): Head, length 136, greatest width 164,
width at base 152; prothorax, median length 152, greatest width 236;
mesothorax, greatest width 284; length of forewing 846.

Antenna: 1 ane ame: Came nowes '/f 8 ees A)
Length AVS SE Sl ssi Sih Pil IG, 7
Width 34 28244 20k Seen See lees

Male (allotype).—Length (fully distended) 1.28 mm. Similar to the
female except in secondary sexual characters but much smaller, antenna IV
only faintly brownish apically, front of head more declivous, spines fring-
ing apical tergal plates as long as plates medianly (except innermost, where
they are much longer) and almost as long as the plates laterad, comb on
tergum VI not complete, mid and hind legs with less yellow and this yellow
with a more pronounced brownish tinge; tergum X without processes;
glandular areas on sterna III-VIII placed just back of antecostal line,
long and narrow, those on V and VIII 28 by 8 microns.

Measurements (in microns): Head, median length 104, greatest width
140; prothorax, median length 142, greatest width 200; length of forewing
648.

Mans (le gel 2b be Gr & ®
Length 20) 36-9805 2530) 342 Se eS

Type locality —Brownsville, ‘Tex.

Host.—F lowers of mesquite (Prosopis sp.).

Type Catalog No. 56496, United States National Museum.

Described from 10 female and 3 male specimens collected
March 28, 1942, by F. F. Bibby.

Differs from all other known North American species, which
have similar tergal plates, in having the antennal segments
much longer and more slender, with segment III more than three
and one-half times as long as wide. All other species have this
segment at most three times as long as wide,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 95

BOOK REVIEW

Outlines of Entomology: A. D. Imms, Reader in Entomology and Fellow
of Downing College, University of Cambridge, England, 8 vo., buckram,
I-VII and 1-184 pages, 96 illustrations. $3.75, New York, E. P. Dutton
and! Cos.) Inc:

“This book is intended for anyone who is willing to take
sufficient pains to acquire an elementary knowledge of ento-
mology as a branch of general zoology. It is consequently
written more especially for the student who embarks upon a
university training in zoology or agriculture in preparation for
a career.” ‘The author is not alone in the belief that there
is considerable need for a book of this kind in the English
language. It represents his ideas as to what constitutes the
fundamentals of the subject and is based upon nearly forty
years of experience at home and abroad.”

After a five page introduction devoted to the size and diversity
of the insect group and to the characteristics which made this
diversity and dominance possible, seventy-two pages are de-
voted to anatomy and physiology; nineteen pages to embry-
ology, growth, and metamorphosis; sixty-eight pages to clas-
sification; and ten pages to the relation of insects to other arth-
ropods and of the major insect orders to one another. There is
an excellent two-page discussion of the principles of classifi-
cation and nomenclature and in the treatment of the insect
orders are ‘“‘appendices” on subjects of special entomological
interest. These appendices average about a page and a half
in length and are titled: The Phases of Locusts, Predatism,
Fecundity and Biological Equilibrium, The Nature of Insect
Colors, Aquatic Insects, Social Insects, and Parasitism. There
is a bibliography of the more comprehensive and useful books on
entomology.

The treatments of insect morphology and physiology are the
more complete, with the sections on phylogeny and classifi-
cation detailed enough to give a firm foundation for a knowledge
of general morphology and physiology, but hardly going beyond
this. ‘The treatment of the twenty-four insect orders recog-
nized is restricted to a few paragraphs or pages for each,
with an attempt to give the main morphological and biological
characteristics of each order and something of its size and
diversity. Most of the suborders and major groups of families
are mentioned, and many are characterized. American insects
are given nearly as much attention as are those of Great Britain.
The economic phases of entomology receive only incidental
attention.

In this book, much of the best modern general information
on insects is brought together in a well written and concise
synopsis. Its outstanding qualities are the achievement of

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

brevity without a false simplification of the matter treated,
the large number of profound and interesting generalizations
that are made, and an exceptional freedom from error and
bias. ‘The ratio between taxonomic and other material seems
a happy one for a university text book. Although it covers the
same field as 4 General Textbook of Entomology by the same
author, it is not merely an abridgement of this more complete
work, but an entirely new book.

In adverse criticism, one might raise the question whether
even the intelligent university student for whom the book is
intended would not find it formidable for a beginning text un-
less his foundation included a better than average grasp of
zoology and entomology. ‘To properly convey to the student
all of the facts and principles that are packed into Outlines of
Entomology would seem to require more words, figures, and
supplementary information than a hundred and eighty-four
pages would permit. ‘The book seems better adapted to more
advanced students.

H. K. Townes.

MINUTES OF THE 534TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
FEBRUARY 4, 1943.

The 534th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
Feb. 4, 1943 in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Harned
presided and 38 members and 15 visitors attended. ‘The minutes of the
previous meeting were read and approved.

The report of the committee on audits, G. J. Haeussler and F. M.
Wadley, was read by the former. The committee found the treasurer’s
report for 1942 to be correct. The Society voted to approve this report.

The regular program consisted of a talk by W. E. Dove of the Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The subject of this talk was “Some
of the ways in which the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
has attempted to meet the needs of the Army.” |

Dr. Dove told of contracts with the Office of Scientific Research and
Development which were arranged for by Dr. F. C. Bishopp and Major
E. C. Cushing for the conduct of experimental work on insects affecting
the armed forces. The human lice were obtained in the vicinity of Wash-
ington and were used for building up an uninfected colony for use in testing
lousicides and for development of fumigation methods. This work was
located at Orlando, Florida, where suitable arrangements were made with
the Civic Planning Board for housing human research subjects and for
conduct of the experiments. The three projects were operated from one

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943 97

office so as to conserve expenses and for full utilization of equipment and
personnel. The methods used in rearing lice and testing lousicides were
described and illustrated by lantern slides. The methods employed for
testing repellents to mosquitoes and other biting insects were also de-
scribed and illustrated by lantern slides. The human reaserch subjects
served each day on louse experiments and for mosquito repellent experi-
ments and when conditions were favorable they were taken to the marshes
for outdoor tests with mosquitoes or to lake areas where chiggers were
present in large numbers. ‘The materials developed during the course of
these investigations were not announced, but it is understood that materia]
help has been given to the Army and Navy for protection of combat
troops from such diseases as typhus and malaria. One of the good mos-
quito repellents is effective for about 340 minutes. The cooperation of
the Insecticide Division, of the Division of Control Investigations and of
the Pure Food and Drug Administration were gratefully acknowledged.
(Author’s abstract.)

Questions and comment followed by Snodgrass, Philip, Hertig, Jones,
Annand, Fracker, Packard and Bishopp.

Adjournment at 9:15 p. mM.
W. H. AnvErson,

Recording Secretary.

MINUTES OF THE 535TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
MARCH 4, 1943

The 535th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
March 4, 1943 in Room 43 of the National Museum. Vice President
Annand presided and 41 members and 35 visitors attended. The minutes
of the previous meeting were read and approved.

Maurice T. James, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D. C., was elected to membership in the Society by a unamious
vote.

The regular program consisted of three talks as follows:

1. Phlebotomus and Carrions Disease, by Major Marshall Hertig,
Sanitary Corps, U. S. Army.

Major Hertig presented colored moving pictures of the type of terrain
where Phlebotomus occurs and where Carrion’s disease is prevalent. The
disease is confined in distribution to small areas along certain rivers in
Peru. Methods of searching for the flies and larvae were demonstarted,
as, well as techniques used in rearing the insects. Attempts to find the
natural hosts did not meet with success. Rhesus monkeys were the only
laboratory animals with which transmission experiments were successful.
Major Hertig showed pictures of several stages of the eruptive form of

98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 4, APR., 1943

the disease. (Secretary’s abstract). Comment followed by Rohwer,
Bishopp, Trembley and Greeley.

2. The Clear Lake Gnat and Suggestions for its Control, by C. C.
Deonier, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Orlando, Fla.

The clear lake gnat occurs in huge swarms and for this reason it renders
vacationing at Clear Lake, California, unpleasant. The adults emerge
from the water and fly for some distance inland where they remain for
one or more days. When conditions are favorable they fly back to the
lake and deposit their eggs on the surface of the water. The eggs float,
usually until the forenoon of the next day, and may be so numerous as to
form rafts. The larvae hatch in a short time and either settle to the bottom
or swim outwards into the lake. Suggested methods of control included
light traps and burning of the rafts of eggs, either on the water or in the
windrows formed when the pile up on the shore. Dr. Deonier showed
colored movies of the lake and of the several suggested methods of control.
(Secretary’s abstract) Comments followed by Bishopp.

3. The Cattle Grub Problem and the War, by M. P. Jones, Extension
Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Mr. Jones discussed the importance of leather in the war effort and the
necessity for increasing the supply of good quality leather by controlling
the cattle grub. He exhibited hides showing numerous holes caused by
the grubs. Not only do the insects harm the skins, they also cause to be
discarded an appreciable quantity of meat which has been damaged by
their feeding. The loins and other cuts of meat so trimmed are devalued
about two cents per pound. There is also a loss in flesh and milk pro-
duction caused by the running of the cattle during the fly season. Mr,
Jones presented exhibits of the methods employed to publicize the import-
ance of grub control and the proper procedures to be followed. This in-
formation was distributed to the farmers at demonstrations, on the radio,
through their local papers and trade magazines, by posters, etc. About
twenty states have started a cattle grub control program or intensified the
work already under way. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Adjournment at 10:18 p. m.

W. H. AnpERSON,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, May 3, 1943,

ANNOUNCEMENT

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 45 MAY, 1943 No. 5

NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF THE COCCID GENUS ACLERDA
AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES '

By H. S. McConnett,?
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.

Recently the author collected a number of coccids of the
genus Aclerda and began a study of them in an attempt to estab-
lish their identity. Examination of the material available and
a review of the meager literature pertaining to this genus soon
indicated that authors who have published on the subject did
not have a correct understanding of many of the anatomical
features of these peculiar coccids. ‘The studies reported here
should clarify some misconceptions of certain anatomical
features and point out some others apparently unnoticed here-
tofore.

The position this genus should have in the classification
scheme of the coccids has produced several opinions. Signoret
(Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), Vol. IV, p. 96, 1874) erected the
genus for the inclusion of a single species, subterranea, and con-
sidered the genus closely related to Lecanopsis 'Targ. Tozz., a
typical coccine. Mrs. Fernald placed it among the coccines in
her catalogue of the Coccidae of the World. Green (Coccidae
of Ceylon, pt. 4, p. 289, 1909) disagrees with Signoret in con-
sidering it closely related to Lecanopsis. While Green disagreed
with the idea of a close relationship to lecaniines, he still thought
it more unlike any other group of coccids. He further considered
the larval stage of 4. distorta to be suggestive of the larval
stages of both Dactylopiinae (as he understood that group) and
Lecaniinae. Ferris indicated in a paper published under the
authorship of Teague (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. 18, p. 432,
1925) that he considers the group to constitute a family of the
Superfamily Coccoidea. He characterized the adult female of
the family as follows: “‘Coccidoidea without abdominal spiracles;
apex of the abdomen with a cleft at the base of which is the anal

1 Scientific Article No. A52, Contribution No. 1882 of the Maryland Agri-
cultural Experiment Station (Department of Entomology).

2 The author gratefully acknowledges helpful suggestions from Dr. Harold
Morrison of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. All parasites
mentioned in this paper were identified by Mr. A, B, Gahan of the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine,

100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

opening, this covered by a single plate which is sometimes
deeply cleft, but is never completely divided; anal opening
apparently without a distinct ring, the alimentary canal termi-
nating in many slender processes; tubular ducts present, never
with filamentous inner prolongations; margin of body beset
with small tuberculiform setae; adult female always with the
legs entirely lacking, and with the antennae reduced to mere
tubercules.”” This diagnosis of the group by Ferris appears
to have been made from descriptions of various anatomical
features made by ‘Teague in another part of the same paper.
The only description of immature forms in literature appears
to be that of the larval stage of 4. distorta by Green (I. c.), and
the several stages of 4. berlesii by Buffa (Revista di Patologia
Vegetale, Vol. 6, pp. 135-159, 1897-98).

Generous quantities of two species at hand made it possible
to investigate the type or types of preparations that would yield
the most information. ‘These studies made it possible to select
adult female material which would lend itself to satisfactory
study. Usually favorable material will be found among speci-
mens that may be designated as young adult females. Full
grown females or even nearly full grown ones seldom produce
favorable preparations, since they have become too heavily
sclerotized, and in addition require prolonged caustic treatment
toclearthem. Both of these conditions tend to obscure delicate
anatomical features. Favorable material cautiously handled
through all of the processes of mounting from caustic clearing to
staining produced preparations showing anatomical features
which seem to have eluded previous authors.

In addition to slide mounts of specimens as ordinarily made
by coccidologists for identification purposes, other types of
preparations were made to secure information about the
anatomy of these coccids. Histological preparations yielded
some information on the nature of the anal area that probably
could not have been secured in any other way. Histological
preparations also confirmed the nature of some of the ducts and
other dermal structures. Dissection of caustic treated and
live material also contributed valuable information.

Below is a discussion of certain anatomical features that
appear to be useful in identifying species of Aclerda. Errors in
current concepts of some of these features are pointed out, and
others apparently not previously observed are described.

Some MorpnouocicaL Frearures or THE ApDuLT FEMALE.

Setae—There are several types of setae present on the body.
The most striking of these make up the marginal band of
tuberculate setae. In most slide preparations of the species
examined, they appear as a band on the ventral surface as

~

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 101

mounted, with the posterior ends of the band on the posterior
lateral margins. In all probability these setae indicate the
margin of the body. The bands of tuberculate setae are most
striking in the young adults, in which the setae are closely
grouped. As the scales grow older and larger, the band is
stretched out and the tuberculate setae have the appearance of
being much more scattered. The shape of these tuberculate
setae vary a great deal among species; that is, from elongate,
with or without a constriction at base, to short and wider than
long, with or without a constriction at base.

The surfaces of the body have a few variously shaped setae
that are widely scattered. ‘These setae vary from stout, elong-
ate lanceolate, to short or long, more conventional types. Both
the posterior dorsal and ventral surfaces, and the posterior
margins have elongate setae. ‘There is some indication of seg-
mental arrangement on the ventral surface of the abdomen.
Some small groups usually occur in the dermal invagination
that leads to the genital opening.

A greatly modified form of setae occurs on the posterior dorsal
surface of the abdomen, principally in the densely sclerotized
area. However, they are often found in the surrounding more
membranous area. ‘Teague (lI. c., Pl. xxxi, fig. R) considered
these structures to be tubular ducts, “‘. . . the outer opening of
which is closed by a dome-shaped cap that is apparently pierced
by many small sized pores, these giving the duct, when viewed
from its end, a ‘pepper-box’ appearance.” Several types of
microscopic preparations indicate that these structures (Plate 7,
fig. L) are more like setae than tubular ducts as usually defined
in coccids. ‘The “pepper box”? appearance of the outer end is
produced by sculpturing of the lumen where the trichogen cell
beneath is attached. ‘The nature of the sculpturing in the lumen
of these setae or setae-like organs varies a great deal. In some
species they are minute, and in others quite large or coarse.
When viewed from an angle or from the side, these sculpturings
are seen to extend to the inner end of the structure. ‘The entire
organ has the general appearance of a cylindrical seta that is
attached at the bottom of straight sided depressions in the derm.
The outer end, nearly flat or rounded, is at the upper level of
this depression, thus the length is determined by the thickness
of the derm. ‘Those in the heavily sclerotized posterior abdomi-
nal area appear longer than those in more membranous areas.

Tubular ducts —Teague (I. c. Pl. xxxi, Fig. N and Q) describes
two types of tubular ducts, both without filamentous inner
prolongations. However, both of these types can be demon-
strated to have inner prolongations in good preparations. The
larger type (Plate 7, figs. H and I) with one filamentous inner
prolongation occurs in two sizes on the adult female. The
larger size is scattered along the marginal band of tuberculate

102 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

setae, and often on the dorsal area of the body. These larger
ducts appear to be associated entirely with the dorsal surface.
At the posterior end of the abdomen they are found generally
distributed on the dorsal heavily sclerotized area. ‘The smaller
size of this type of duct, all apparently ventral, are located in a
broad ventral submarginal band entirely around the body,
intimately associated with the second type, minute tubular
ducts (Plate 7, fig. K). This latter type appears to be the
same that Teague (I. c., Plate xxxi, Fig. Q) illustrated (incom-
pletely). They have several inner prolongations, and in this
respect are different from any tubular ducts that have been
reported in the coccids. While most of these ducts are confined
to a ventral submarginal band, they may occasionally be seen
on other parts of the venter, and a variable sized group is always
found at the base of the rostrum of all stages of the female
except the larva. The number of inner prolongations is appar-
ently quite variable. The largest number counted is sixteen,
while some have been observed with only two. ‘These minute
ducts with multiple filamentous inner prolongations have been
observed in all stages of the females. In the larval stage they
occur only along the ventral margin, and are very few in number,
from four to six on each side.

Disc Pores ——Two types of disc pores have been observed on
the body. Simple disc pores have been noted onthe dorsal
surface of all stages of the female. In the adult they are appar-
ently confined to the membranous area. If they occur on the
heavily sclerotized posterior area, they are obscured.

Quinquelocular disc pores occur at certain places on some
species and possibly the pores of the so-called stigmatic plate of
all species are of this type except those of the stigmatic plate
of larvae. ‘They have been reported in a ventral submarginal
band on one species. In at least two species they are grouped
about spiracles in such a manner that they appear as short
broad bands extending toward the margins.

Spiracles—The spiracles of adult females vary a great deal
with the age of the individual in that the older the specimen, the
more heavily sclerotized the spiracles are likely to become.
Sclerotized areas form about the spiracular apodeme and this
causes the spiracles to appear larger, and to assume shapes
suggestive of hour-glasses.

The most striking feature of the spiracles is the so-called
stigmatic plate. ‘This plate is a cup-shaped invagination of the
derm, just lateral to the atrium, thickly lined with disc pores
that are apparently quinquelocular. The spiracular opening
is from the mesal side of this invagination, thus determining to
some extent the appearance of the plate. In some cases it is
narrow and crescent shaped, and in others almost round. All
stages of the females have this pore plate. ‘The larvae usually

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 103

have two large pores in each plate, and the number of pores in
the plates increases with each succeeding molt.

Anal Structures —The anal area is a complex of invaginations,
evaginations, and folds that produces a telescoping tube and
some pockets or pouches which almost defy intelligible descrip-
tion and illustration. Descriptions of certain features of this
area by previous authors do not indicate a correct understanding
of the ‘‘anal plate and anal tube” and the area about the anal
opening. It hardly seems possible to obtain the correct relation-
ship of all these parts from the usual slide preparations as made
for identification purposes. Such preparations show a flattened,
more or less ovoid shaped plate, that appears to be attached by
its base at the anterior end of a short anal cleft. This plate is
variously shaped, with the apex often notched or deeply cleft
in some cases. Beneath the plate can be seen a bundle of hairs
or setae. ‘The anal plate has been described in various ways.
Green (I. c.) says, ‘““There is an ovoid median undivided dorsal
plate, bearing on its margin from 8 to 10 stout hairs, and cover-
ing the extremity of the anal tube.” ‘Teague (I. c.) says, ‘““The
anal cleft is usually short, continuing on the ventral side as a
furrow and covered at its base on the dorsal side by a plate or
operculum which is free except at its base.” ‘The term “anal
tube” is used frequently by authors. Green says, “here is a
retractile anal tube, open at the under surface, apparently com-
posed of numerous flattened hairs, which are confluent on the
basal half but separate towards the extremity.” Green quotes
Newstead as considering this organ in 4. japonica as composed
of distinct but closely approximated hairs. ‘Teague (I. c.)
writes, “‘A retractile anal tube is present, which seems to termi-
nate in many flattened hairs that form a fringe. They are
apparently not setae.” The correct understanding of these
two structures can only be had by considering them together.
The so-called dorsal plate (Plate 7, figs. A, B, C, Ap) is the more
or less flattened, sclerotized dorsal surface of a sclerotized
evagination (Plate 7, fig. C, Ei) from the anterior end of the
short anal cleft (Plate 7, figs. A, C, Ac). This tube is invagi-
nated (Plate 7, fig. C, I,), and evaginated (Plate 7, figs. C, E.)
again with the anal opening at the center (Plate 7, figs. B, C,
An) of the latter evagination which is quite heavily sclerotized,
and without cellular pores. At the point where the latter
evagination begins is a ring of long stout, thickly set setae
(Plate 7, figs. A, B, C, Ars) that have been variously described.
They project through the telescoped tube and beyond the apex
of the abdomen.

The above clarification of the nature of the anal opening, the
ring of setae and the immediate area about them indicates the
adult female scales possess an anal ring that may be described

104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

as sclerotized, non-cellular and densely setigerous. The num-
ber of anal ring setae is twenty or more.

The anal cleft is continued along the ventral surface as a
furrow or groove with the lateral margins (Plate 7, figs. A, B,
D, E, F, G, Pm) heavily sclerotized and intimately applied to
each other to form a pouch or pocket (they separate when
specimen is treated with caustic as shown in (Plate 7, figs. A,
Pm). ‘The margins actually fuse posterior to the genital open-
ing and continue as an internal ridge almost to the genital
opening. ‘The ventral pouch as formed in specimens before
caustic treatment is indicated in (Plate 7, figs.B, D,F, Vp). The
lateral and dorsal walls of this pouch are membranous, except
two elongate more or less sclerotized bars (Plate 7, figs. A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, Mvsb) in the median dorsal wall, which is morpho-
logically the median ventral wall of the posterior part of the
abdomen. ‘The anterior ends of these bars are fused and form
the posterior attachment for a large muscle with its anterior
end attached at the genital opening. ‘These bars have their
posterior origin in the ventral wall of the evagination which
forms the anal plate. A small secondary ventral pouch (Plate
7, figs. A, B, F, G, Svp) is formed beneath the point of fusion
of the two rods. The membranous derm between them is
flexed downward and backward, and then forward to produce
the pouch. Optical cross sections (Plate 7, figs. F and G)
through this area show the relationship of the two pouches.
The secondary ventral pouch has only been demonstrated in
histological preparations, but it is evident in both sagittal and
cross sections.

The above notes indicate the need for the redefining of this
group of coccids. They may be defined as follows: Adult
females with l-segmented beak; without abdominal spiracles;
caudal area of the abdomen heavily sclerotized and wrinkled
or furrowed; apex of abdomen with a short ovoid-shaped cleft,
with a heavily sclerotized evagination from its base, flattened
dorsally to form an anal plate which fills the cleft; often with
apex of plate notched, sometimes deeply cleft; posterior end of
anal plate evagination, invaginated, and evaginated again to
form the anal ring without pores, but with a ring of closely set
setae at point where later evagination begins; median ventral
posterior abdominal wall with two parallel sclerotized bars
(Plate 7, figs. A, B, C, D; E) F, G,; Mvsb) that“havegthenm
posterior origin in the ventral portion of anal plate evagination,
fused at their anterior ends; two types of tubular ducts with
filamentous inner prolongations, large ducts (Plate 7, figs.
H and I) with the inner ends with a deep heavily sclerotized
cup with the center reflexed, and with a single filamentous inner
prolongation from one side; minute tubular ducts (Plate 7, fig.
K) with heavily sclerotized walls and several filamentous inner

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 45 PLATE 7

Piate 7.—Aclerda details (partly diagrammatic).

Figs. A. Dorsal and ventral surfaces views of the anal area; B. Lateral view
of anal area; C. Optical cross section of Fig. A at indicated transverse dash
line; D & E. Optical cross sections of Fig. A at indicated transverse dash line;
F & G. Optical cross sections of Fig. A at indicated transverse dash line;
H. Tubular ducts with one filamentous inner prolongation; I. Optical cross
section of inner end of Fig. H; K. Tubular duct with several filamentous inner
prolongations; L. Cylindrical internaily sculptured seta. Ac—anal cleft;
An—anus; Ap—anal plate; Ars—anal ring setae; E,—evagination from base of
anal cleft; E,—evagination to form anal ring; I;—invagination of anal plate;
Mvsb—Median ventral sclerotized bars; Svp—secondary ventral pouch;
Vp—ventral pouch; Vpm—ventral pouch margins

[105]

106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

prolongations from the center of the inner end of the ducts;
margin of the body with a band of short tuberculate setae;
posterior dorsal surface of caudal sclerotized area with short
cylindrical setae (Plate 7, fig. L) like organs with variously
sized sculpturing in the lumens, these setae-like organs often
extending to the membranous portion of abdomen; spiracles
with a variously shaped stigmatic pore plate; antennae reduced
to short tubercles; legs entirely lacking.

Larvae with numerous stout, lanceolate, spine-like setae
around margin, strongly developed anal lobes, with a single
long stout anal lobe seta at apex; anal ring without setae and
noncellular, legs normal, thoracic spiracles with a stigmatic
pore plate with two, sometimes three, disc pores, antenna
6-segmented, segments III and VI often with one long slender
seta; beak l1-segmented, legs normal; tubular ducts with several
inner prolongations.

Intermediate stages legless; antennae reduced to short
tubercles, with several stout setae; posterior abdominal region
sclerotized and wrinkled or furrowed; a short narrow anal cleft,
with a suggestion of an anal plate; anal ring without setae;
noncellular; body margined with setae intermediate between
the lanceolate form of the larvae and the tuberculate form of
the adult; beak l-segmented; tubular ducts of two types with
inner filamentous prolongations.

The above descriptions contribute some facts that have a
bearing on the place the genus Aclerda has in the classification
of the coccids. ‘The invaginated setigerous anal ring of the
adult is suggestive of the invaginated setigerous anal ring of
the Coccidae (Lecaniinae). The anal rings of the two groups
differ, however, in that in the Coccidae it is cellular, but non-
poriferous in Aclerda. The anal ring of the immature stages of
the Coccidae is definitely poriferous and setigerous; while there
is nothing in the immature stages of Aclerda even suggestive
of a poriferous and setigerous anal ring. Thus the rather
striking case of a setigerous anal ring present only in the adult
stage and absent in all other stages is presented. ‘The various
forms of tubular ducts found in different groups of coccids are
more or less characteristic of the groups. Ducts with several
inner filamentous prolongations appear to be peculiar to the
genus Aclerda.

In preparing the above definition of Aclerda no consideration
was given to A. digitata (Ckll) nor A. biwakoensis Kuw., since
no material suitable for detailed study was available. When
these two forms have been studied sufficiently, some revisions
may be necessary.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 107

Aclerda andropogonis, new species.
(Plate 8.)

Adult female living between tight leaf sheaths at the base of the host, flattened,
posterior end slightly convex, widest at mid-abdominal area, tapering gently
toward anterior end, more sharply toward posterior end which is twisted slightly
to one side, dorsal surface of body covered with a thin sheet of glassy wax,
ventral surface with powdery wax.

Adult female.—(Plate 8, fig. A) Mounted, varying from 2.5 mm. to 7 mm. in
length, and 0.75 mm. to 2.5 mm. in width, elongate-oval in shape. Anterior
end rounded, posterior end more acutely rounded. Derm membranous in
younger specimens except posterior end heavily sclerotized, however, this
region not large; median portion of sclerotized area smooth, remainder wrinkled
and deeply furrowed. Band of tuberculate, pointed acorn-shaped setae (Plate
8, fig. B) in more or less double row around the body, the ends extending almost
to the anal plate, band appears to be ventral in most mounts, except at the pos-
terior end where it is marginal, or on the dorsal margin. Other body setae
rather few in number and well scattered; those on dorsum stout and lanceolate,
those on ventral surface more slender, arranged segmentally on the abdomen.
Cylindrical internally sculptured setae (Plate 8, fig. C) numerous, densely clus-
tered in the sclerotized dorsal caudal area and extending forward almost the
entire length of the abdomen, about twice as long as broad with fine sculpturing
inthelumen. Spiracle (Plate 8, fig. D) rather large, with little sclerotized exten-
sion of the spiracular apodeme; stigmatic pore plate quadrate in shape with one
corner somewhat expanded; usually from one to three quinquelocular disc pores
anterior to the pore plate. Antenna (Plate 8, fig. E) small, possibly 2-segmented,
apical portion small with several stiff setae at the apex, basal portion much
larger with a few long setae around base of apical portion and a group of two or
three minute setae on the derm near base. Anal plate (Plate 8, fig. F) ovoid
with the apex usually notched, sometimes rather deeply, occasionally apex
rounded without any evidence of a notch; with five long stout setae on each
side, three near the apex and two near the mid point of each half. Median
ventral sclerotized rods approximately parallel, about twice as Jong as the
anal plate, little if any expanded at anterior end. Tubular ducts with filamen-
tous inner prolongations of two types, large ducts with a one prolongation
(Plate 8, fig. G) and minute ducts with several prolongations (Plate 8, fig. H);
the large ducts with one prolongation of two sizes; the larger ducts associated
with dorsal surface, in a narrow band around the body mingled with the tubercu_
late setae except at posterior end of body where they spread over the entire
dorsal surface, the band narrows from posterior end toward anterior, until
actually interrupted at the head; the smaller ducts with one inner prolongation
associated with ventral surface, confined to a ventral submarginal band mingled
with the minute tubular ducts with several prolongations. Beak l-segmented
with a small group of minute tubular ducts with several inner prolongations at
the base. Disc pores of two types, quinquelocular (Plate 8, fig. I), usually
from one to three anterior to each spiracle, and simple disc pores scattered
over the dorsal surface, most numerous near the tuberculate setae.

Larva.—(Plate 8, fig. K.) From 0.6 mm. to 0.8 mm. long and 0.2 mm. to

108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

0.3 mm. wide, body with definite indentations at the antennae, and slight con-
striction on the thoracic area. Each margin with about 30 stout setae (Plate 8,
fig. L) assymetrically inflated at the base, and acutely pointed, eight of them
equally spaced between the antennae; dorsum of posterior abdominal segment
with three setae of about same size as marginal ones, but point obtusely rounded
other setae scattered on both dorsal and ventral surfaces. Antenna 6-segmented,
segment [I shortest, segments I, III and VI longest, and approximately equal;
setae few, segment VI with a group of several at apex, segment III with a seta
more than twice as long as the segment. Legs slender, setae few; tarsal and
claw digules knobbed, long and slender; claws slender, long, and acutely pointed.
Anal lobe (Plate 8, fig. M) strongly developed, anal lobe setae nearly half as
long as the body. Beak I-segmented. Eyes prominent, flask-shaped. Minute
tubular ducts with multiple inner prolongations (Plate 8, fig. N) few, four or
five along each ventral margin. Simple disc pores along each dorsal margin.

Type host— Andropogon virginicus.

Type locality —Newport (Charles County), Maryland.

Type.—Adult female, collected August 1941, deposited in
the National Collection; paratypes collected August 1940,
December 1941, February 1942, and August 1942, deposited in
National Collection, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station
Collection, and in the author’s collection.

This species is close to 4. obscura (Parrott) but has many
more cylindrical internally sculptured setae, and the marginal
tuberculate setae are shorter and stouter.

Collection data and observations indicate that there is a
single generation of this species annually.

Aclerda arundinariae, new species.

(Plate 9.)

Adult female in life between the leaf sheaths and the stem, elongate, 2.5 mm.
to 8.5 mm. long, depending upon age, flattened except posterior end of the body,
often posterior end exposed through a hole cut in leaf sheath by ants, and this
covered by a carton constructed of plant debris; most specimens distorted at
posterior end, this frequently turned at a right angle; young adult females light
in color, except posterior extremity, and lateral margins of abdomen, fully
mature females darker, dead specimens reddish to black; usually covered with
thin glossy wax on the dorsum, venter with small amounts of powdery wax.

Adult female.—(Plate 9, fig. A.) Mounted varying between 2.5 mm. and 9
mm. long, and 1 mm. to 3 mm. wide, depending upon stage of maturity, shape
usually distorted, but variable, probably due to position on host, body may be
twisted with the caudal region often at a right angle to the remainder of the body,
anterior end of body well rounded. more or less membranous, posterior end
acutely angled, heavily sclerotized, wrinkled, margins of entire abdomen
wrinkled and sclerotized. ‘Tuberculate setae (Plate 9, fig. B) elongate acorn-
shaped, in double row, appearing on the ventral surface in slide mounts; posterior

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

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Puate 8. Aclerda andropogonis. Adult female.

Figs. A. Dorsal and ventral surfaces, X30; B. Marginal tuberculate seta,
X500; C. Cylindrical internally sculptured seta, X2000; D. Spiracle, X210;
FE. Antenna, X210; F. Anal plate, X210; G. Tubular ducts with one filamen-
tous inner prolongation, X2000; H. Tubular duct with several filamentous
inner prolongations, X2000; I. Quinquelocular disc pore, X2000; Larva—
K. Dorsal and ventral surfaces, X85; L. Marginal seta, X1100; M. Anal lobe,
enlarged; N. Tubular duct, with several filamentous inner prolongations, X 2000.

[ 109}

110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

ends of the band widened somewhat and reaching almost to the anal cleft, and
covered by folds or invaginations of the greatly widened posterior margins
(Plate 9, fig. A); other body setae of various shapes and sizes; posterior tip of
abdomen with numerous elongate setae between the ends of the band of tubercu-
late setae; ventral surface of body with short delicate setae; somewhat segmen-
tally arranged on the abdomen; dorsal surface with elongate lanceolate shaped
setae (Plate 9, fig. C); internally sculptured cylindrical setae (Plate 9, fig. D)
confined to posterior dorsal half of abdomen more than twice as long as wide,
sculpturing in lumen coarse. Spiracles (Plate 9, fig. EF) large, with a sclerotized
area extending from the spiracular apodeme forming an hour-glass shaped area,
stigmatic pore plate not large, rather narrow and almost semicircular; a group of
8 to 20 quinquelocular pores anterior to the spiracles, these pores not observed
elsewhere on body. Anal plate (Plate 9, fig. I") ovoid in shape, usually slightly
emarginate at base; apex variable, usually obtusely rounded, sometimes dis-
tinctly notched, with five long stout setae on each lateral margin. Median
ventral sclerotized bars rather strong, wide, much expanded at anterior end.
Tubular ducts with filamentous inner prolongations of two types, the larger
type (Plate 9, fig. G) with one inner prolongation of two sizes; the larger size
associated with dorsal surface in a dorsal submarginal band, entirely around the
body; this band narrow at mid area and much broader at the anterior and
posterior ends of the body; the smaller sized ducts with one filamentous inner
prolongation, numerous, associated with ventral surface, and numerous ducts
of the type with several inner prolongations (Plate 9, fig. H) intermingled to
form a dense, wide ventral submarginal band entirely around the body. Disc
pores of two types; quinquelocular disc pores (Plate 9, fig. I) in a group of 8 to 20
anterior to each spiracle; simple disc pores (Plate 9, fig. J) scattered over the
dorsal surface, sometimes with internal sculpturing visible. Beak l-segmented,
with a group of several tubular ducts with several inner prolongations at base,
Antenna (Plate 9, fig. K) apparently 1-segmented with numerous stout setae
in two whirls, and with two or three small setae on the derm near base.
Larva.—(Plate 9, fig. L). Elongate, 0.8 to 1.0 mm. long, and 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
wide; body with definite indentations at the point of attachment of the anten-
nae, and slight constrictions on the thoracic area; margins set with about 30
stout spear-head shaped setae (Plate 9, fig. M) on each side; eight of these
between the antennae in two distinct and well separated groups of four setae
each; usually three or four more or less similar setae on the dorsal surface of the
posterior abdominal segment; other setae few, well scattered. Antenna 6-seg-
mented, segment II shortest; segments III, IV, V and VI similarly shaped and
subequal in length; antennal setae few, except segment IV with a tuft of several
at apex, one of which is longer than the entire antenna; one seta on segment III
more than twice as long as the segment. Anal lobes (Plate 9, fig. N) strongly
developed, with the anal lobe seta about one-third as long as the body. Legs
rather long, with few setae; tarsal digitules about three times as long as the
claws, forked at the tips, claw digitules knobbed, nearly twice as long as claws;
claws not long, slightly curved, acutely pointed. Beak l-segmented. ‘Tubular
ducts with multiple filamentous inner prolongations (Plate 9, fig. O) along
ventral margins, few in number. Simple tubercle like pores (Plate 9, fig. P)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 9

F
Piate 9. Aclerda arundinariae. Adult female.

A. Dorsal and ventral surfaces, X25; B. Marginal tuberculate seta, X950;
C. Dorsal lanceolate seta, X1000; D. Cylindrical internally sculptured seta,
X10000; E. Spiracle, X150; F. Ventral plate, X200; G. Tubular ducts with
one filamentous inner prolongation, X10000; H. Tubular duct with several
filamentous inner prolongations; I. Quinquelocular disc pore, X10000; J. Simple
disc pore, X1000; K. Antennae, X585; Larva—L. Dorsal and ventral surfaces,
X55; M. Marginal seta, X2000; N. Anal lobes, dorsal and ventral; O. ‘Tubular
duct with several inner prolongations, X1000; P. Simple disc pore, X 2000;
Q. Spiracle, X2000.

[111]

112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

along dorsal margin. Spiracles (Plate 9, fig. ©) with two disc pores, apparently
with six or seven loculi, on each stigmatic plate.

Type host—Arundinaria tecta.

Type locality —Anderson, S. C.

Type.—Adult female, collected July31).1942, depecimel in
National Collection; paratypes collected July, 1940, July and
August, 1941, and July, 1942, deposited in National collection,
Marvland Agricultural Experiment Station Collection, and in
the author’s collection.

This species is quite unlike any species that has been recorded
in North America. It is more like 4. distorta Green than any
species known to the author. ‘The posterior end of the body
is less acutely pointed than 4. distorta, the anal plate more
ovoid, and the marginal tuberculate setae are shorter and
stouter.

A. arundinariae has been found most numerous on small
shrubby plants growing in drier locations along the margins of

“cane brakes.”’ Infested plants can often be located by the ant
cartons built around the terminal stems and the blackened
appearance due to sooty fungus growing on the “honeydew”
excreted by the scales. Judging from collection data there is
only one generation annually.

An interesting group of parasites were reared from this
species. rom the several lots of scales collected, eight different
species of parasites were reared, only one of which has been
identified to species, Encyrtus marilandicus (Gir.).

Aclerda xalapenseae, new species.
(Plate 10.)

Adult female in life located behind the delicate leaf sheaths along the stem
of the host near ground, small, varying from 1.4 mm. to 4.5 mm. in length, and
0.7 mm. to 2.6 mm. in width, the smaller specimens flattened and more elongate,
larger specimens more oval, and convex; dorsum covered with translucent wax,
varying in thickness on parts of the body, some portions thick enough to produce
a warty appearance; ventral surface lightly dusted over with white powdery
wax.

j late 10, fig. A). Mounted, varying from 1.5 mm. to 4.7 mm.
in length, and 0.7 mm. to 2.77 mm. wide, sides of body approximately parallel,
anterior end well rounded, posterior end more pointed and slightly twisted to
one side. Derm not heavily sclerotized except in old and dried specimens and
in posterior region; area of caudal region sclerotized variably, median dorsal
portion more so than lateral, furrows in median portion of area tending to be
transverse, others both dorsal and ventral more or less longitudinally arranged,
Marginal tuberculate seta (Plate 10, fig. B) about one and one-half times as
long as wide, definitely constricted at base, arranged in a more or less double
row extending around body almost to the anal plate, posterior ends of band

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 10

Pirate 10. Aclerda xalapenseae. Adult female.

A. Dorsal and ventral surfaces, X35; B. Marginal tuberculate seta, X1000;
C. Cylindrica! internally sculptured seta, X2000; D. Spiracle, X225; E. Anal
plate, X220; F. Tubular ducts with one filamentous inner prolongation, X 1000;
G. Tubular duct with several filamentous inner prolongations, X1000; H. An-
tennae, X500; I. Simple disc pore, X2000; Larva—J. Dorsal and ventral
surfaces, X120; K. Marginal seta, X600;

[113

114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

expanded to four or five rows, they appear on ventral surface in slide mounts,
except expanded posterior ends of band where they appear to be on dorsal
margin; numerous long setae on apex of abdomen; other setae of various shapes
and lengths well scattered over both dorsal and v ntral surfaces of the body.
Cylindrical internally sculptured setae (Plate 19, fig. C) numerous on dorsal
sclerotized area extending forward somewhat on the more membranous area,
rather short, less than twice as long as wide, internal sculpturing quite coarse.
Spiracles (Plate 10, fig. D) large, heavily sclerotized, stigmatic pore plate nearly
circular. Anal plate (Plate 10, fig. ) ovoid with apex somewhat truncated,
five long stiff setae on each side. Median ventral sclerotized bars small, close
together, slightly more than twice the length of anal plate. Tubular ducts with
filamentous inner prolongations of two types, large ducts with a single prolonga-
tion (Plate 10, fig. F) and minute ducts with several prolongations (Plate 10,
fig. G); ducts with one prolongation of two sizes, the larger associated with
dorsal surface in a band around the body mingled with the marginal tuberculate
setae and extending well to the dorsal surface of the more membranous portion
of the body and over the entire sclerotized posterior dorsal area; the smaller
ducts with one inner prolongation associated with ventral surface, confined to a
sparse ventral submarginal band mingled with the minute ducts with several
inner prolongations that extend around the body in the same plane as the
spiracles, the band widening and spreading over the caudal ventral sclerotized
area. Beak l-segmented. ‘Antenna (Plate 10, fig. H) 1-segmented with several
stout setae. Simple disc pores (Plate 10, fig. 1) scattered over the dorsal surface,
few in number, tuberculate, longer than wide.

Larva.—(Plate 10, fig. J.) (Only unfed specimens available) 0.6 mm. to 0.8
mm. long, and 0.2 mm. to 0.3 mm. wide, body with only suggestions of indenta-
tions at the antennae and none whatever in the thoracic region. Each margin
with about 36 stout, lanceolate shaped setae (Plate 10, fig. K), eight of them
between the antennae, slightly dorsal as mounted rather than marginal, all
eight not in line; two, nearer margin, the other six in a line somewhat farther
removed from margin; dorsum of posterior abdominal segment with three setae
similar to those of margins, and ventral surface with one larger submarginal
seta; other body setae on both surfaces well scattered. Antenna six-segmented;
segments II, IV and V shorter, subequal, segments II and VI longest, subequal;
setae few, segment VI with one almost as long as antenna, and segment III with
one seta almost twice as long as the segment. Legs rather stout with few setae,
tarsal digitules long and slender, nearly three times as long as the claws, not
knobbed, claw digitules knobbed exceeding the claw somewhat, claws long
and slender, almost straight. Anal lobes strongly developed, anal lobe setae
nearly half as long as the body. Beak l-segmented. Eyes large and promi-
nent. Minute tubular ducts with multiple inner prolongations few, four to six
on each side of venter well removed from margins. Simple disc pores few, in a
row near dorsal margin.

Type host—Panicum xalapense.
Type locality —Newport (Charles County), Md.
Type.—Adult female, collected August 20, 1942, deposited in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 £15

National Collection. Paratypes collected August, 1941 Sep-
tember 1941, December 1941, February 1942, and August 1942,
deposited in National Collection, in Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station Collection, and in author’s collection.

This species resembles 4. obscura (Parrott), but can be dis-
tinguished from obscura in that the posterior ends of the band
of tuberculate setae are much more expanded, and the band of
tubular ducts with several filamentous inner prolongations
contains fewer ducts.

Apparently there is only one generation each year.

AN APPARENTLY NEW SPECIES OF PAUROCEPHALA CRAW-
FORD (Homoptera, Psyllidae, Pauropsyllinae)

By Lourst M. Russe 1,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

This paper is published in order to provide a name for a
psyllid which is reported to be of economic importance. The
species was received from R. L. Steyaert, Division de Phyto-
pathologie, Institut National pour |’Etude Agronomique au
Congo Belge, with the information that it was responsible for
a very destructive disease of Gossypium in the southern cotton
belt of the Belgian Congo. He also stated that the injury caused
by the insects was similar in many respects to psyllid damage
to potatoes and tomatoes in the United States.

The species appears to be congeneric with psylloptera Craw-
ford, the type of the genus Paurocephala. It differs from species
previously described in the genus in several characters, the most
conspicuous of which probably is the presence of prominent
peglike teeth on the inner surface of the claspers.

Paurocephala gossypii, new species.

Adults —Length to tip of folded wing, 1.80 mm.; length of body as mounted
on slide, 2 mm.; length of fore wing, 1.45 mm., width, 0.55; length of hind wing,
1.25 mm., width, 0.45; width of head, 0.50 mm.

Color pale yellow with dark-brown markings located as follows: Eyes, last
2 antennal segments, tip of labium, anterior tarsi and claws, tegula of fore wings
and a spot at end of veins (before end of anal vein) and on radius, a spot at ends
of posterior 5 tergites of female and at ends of first dark abdominal tergite of
male, inner surface of claspers; also in male (and occasionally but not character-
istically in female), vertex dorsally, pronotum, 4 stripes or 2 elongate spots
extending from mesoscutum to mesoscutellum and joined by a cross bar at base
of mesoscutum, a transverse bar on metascutum, central portion of posterior 5
(faint in center of last 2) tergites.

Head as wide as thorax, strongly deflexed, reticulate. Vertex rounded for-
ward and downward, posterior ocelli on elevations, a pair of foveae meso-
cephalad of elevations, genae not swollen, they and vertex with a few small

ee

116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

setae. Frons well defined, anterior ocellus at its upper end. Antennae as long
as width of head, 10-segmented, relative size of segments as illustrated; segments
5 and 7 without setae, segments 1-5, 6, and 8 with at least | small seta, segment
9 with 2 large, stout setae at outer end, segment 10 with a large, stout, apical
and preapical seta and a minute seta at base of each of them; segment 2 with
a small sensorium and segments 4, 6, 8, and 9 each with a large one; segments |
and 2 reticulate, others encircled by sclerotized ridges or minute points. Clypeus
triangular, elongate, reticulate, with 2 pairs of setae near base; labium with 2
pairs of setae just before brown spot and 2 pairs at tip.

Thorax strongly arched, reticulate, with a few smal] setae; pronotum nearly
perpendicular; metascutellar tubercle small, rounded. [ore wings transparent,
with a prominent pterostigma, shape and venation as illustrated; all cells except
subcostal, and pterostigma, with minute dots (not close to veins); veins with
minute setae; lower surface with a narrow marginal band of minute points
starting at humeral angle and terminating on Cus, upper surface with a less
conspicuous marginal band extending from Rj to Cu;; small square or rectangu-
lar designs on inner margin at base and before anal vein. Hind wings with
minute points; costal margin with 3 or 4 setae near base, 3 or 4 beyond these,
and | near center; 4smaller ones on R+-M-+Cu, 2 opposite each group on margin.
Legs slender, tibiae without a spur at base; posterior tibia with 7-9 sharp,
slender, spinelike setae at apex, other tibiae with 6 or 7 slightly smaller ones;
each tarsal segment with a sensorium on upper surface; tarsi each with 1 digi-
tule, surpassing claws; posterior femur with 3 sensoria near center of inner
margin; trochanters each with an irregular band of sensoria; legs encircled by
bands of minute points except for some eye-shaped areas on femora. Meta-
coxal spurs of moderate size, longer than wide.

Abdomen with a row of small, slender setae on each sclerotized tergite and a
row of longer setae on each sclerotized sternite, a cluster of spines at each end
of anterior sclerotized tergite, most of surface with minute points. Seven pairs
of spiracles, derm around or on one side of opening sclerotized, atria elongate,
larger at opening than at inner end, walls sclerotized. Membrane behind
posterior tergite in male with a small, median, sclerotized area.

Genitalia of female deflexed perpendicularly, a little more than one-half the
length of rest of distended abdomen. Dorsal valve with a pair of median lobes
at base; circumanal ring longer than wide, somewhat diamond-shaped, con-
sisting of an inner row of elongate pores placed side by side and an outer row of
minute circular pores, also a faint half ellipse of elongate pores located trans-
versely just anterior to widest part of ring on dorso-lateral surface; valve mod-
erately narrowed, apex subacute, curved outward, and extending slightly beyond
ventral valve; short setae at intervals around ring, 8 elongate ones in a row
slightly nearer ring than apex, a few shorter ones anterior to outer elongate ones
and numerous minute to small ones between elongate ones and apex. Ventral
valve strongly narrowed from center, 8 or 10 elongate setae opposite those on
dorsal valve and a few shorter ones scattered to apex.

Genitalia of male with a row of 8 slender setae on ventral valve. Proctiger
moderately stout, about one-fourth longer than wide, as long as claspers; a
distinct membranous line on each side of ventral surface separating off a pair of
swollen areas, these and outer part of organ with small to fairly large setae,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 7

Claspers strongly curved; 3 or 4 (usually 3) pairs of strong, peglike teeth set in
sockets on inner surface, slightly nearer base than apex; a ridge with shallow
sawlike teeth extending along upper edge of inner surface from outer peglike
tooth to apex; minute setae on apex and longer setae elsewhere except on outer
basal area. Aedeagus swollen near apex.

Fifth-stage nymph.—Length as mounted, 1.25 mm. Rather elongate, eyes
bulging slightly beyond margin of head and thorax, wing pads projecting out-
ward and backward, prominent processes bearing sectasetae extending beyond
margin of abdomen posteriorly, median molting suture apparent from anterior
margin of head to posterior sclerotic plate. Derm predominantly whitish or
pale yellowish but brownish color of varying intensity located as follows:
Distal antennal segment, sclerotic plates of head and thorax, basal part of both
wing pads and inner apical portion of fore wing pads; first, second, third, fourth,
and median portion of posterior abdominal sclerotic plates.

Sclerotic plates present dorsally, only posterior one extending across median
line, pairs arranged as follows: Head, 1 roughly oblong; prothorax, 1 transverse,
weakly separated from one on head, also 2 lightly sclerotized transverse spots
(along suture) posterior to plate; mesothorax, | inner and 1 outer, both slightly
longer than wide, also a lightly sclerotized linear one (along suture) posterior to
larger plates and a linear one extending cephalad between outer plate and wing
pad; metathorax, | transverse, and 2 linear ones similar to those on mesothorax;
abdomen, | transverse, 2 short, lightly sclerotized, transverse spots (apparently
along suture), 3 transverse. Also 1 plate covering posterior 4 abdominal seg-
ments; each segment of this plate and the pair of transverse plates immediately
anterior to it terminating laterally in a conspicuous process, the processes be
coming successively larger near end of abdomen. Dorsal surface of wing pads
(except portion of hind pad covered by fore pad) sclerotized similarly to plates
Larger sclerotic plates and wing pads bearing sectasetae arising from tubercle-
like prominences, the sectasetae fairly acute at tip, 10-45 uw long, inner ones
often stouter than outer ones, arranged approximately as follows on each
half of body: Head, 7-11; prothorax, 11; mesothorax, inner plate 4 or 5, outer
plate 7; metathorax, 8; anterior abdominal, 3 or 4; each of next 3 transverse
plates, 5-7 (2 on process of last one); each of anterior 3 segments of posterior
plate, 1 median (unpaired) and 6-8 others (anterior 2 processes each with 3,
posterior process with 4); posterior segment of plate, 6 (1 between penultimate
and posterior processes, 2 dorsally and 2 on outer margin of process, and | at
apex); fore wing pad, usually 6-11 dorsally (sometimes nearly all replaced by
other setae), 18-21 around margin with a large one usually alternating with a
smaller one; hind wing pad, usually 4 or 5 (sometimes replaced by other setae)
dorsally and 2 marginal at apex. Sclerotic plates and wing pads also with
minute to small, thick, blunt, stublike or swollen setae scattered among (or
occasionally replacing) sectasetae. Posterior segment dorsally with a pair of
slender, curved, depressed lines.

Antennae, mouthparts, legs, a small area around each spiracle, and a curved
area posterior to circumanal ring lightly sclerotized. Antennae arising beneath
margin of head; basal segment of each, short, broad, and with 2 setae; second
segment longer and with 3 small setae, 1 sectaseta, and 1 sensorium; third seg-
ment elongate, bearing 2 small setae near base, 2 whorls of 4 sectasetae each, 2

118 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

sectasetae just beyond middle of segment, a large sensorium with a small stout
seta, a preapical and apical large stout seta each with a minute sensorium and
seta at base; apex (beside seta) stout spinelike. Clypeus triangular, elongate, a
pair of setae at base; labrum without setae; labium with a pair of setae at base, a
pair near center, and apparently 3 pairs at tip. Legs without trochanters,
each with | tarsal segment; 2 tarsal digitules, surpassing claws; empodium
somewhat triangular; 4 or 5 sensoria near base and 2 near center on inner margin
of each femur, | on outer margin near center of each tarsus; posterior tibiae about
one-third longer than others; slender setae on each segment. Seven pairs of
abdominal spiracles, walls of atria sclerotized, somewhat tubular but swollen at
opening. Slender setae present ventrally, arranged segmentally on abdomen, 1
pair also present dorsally near margin of head. Circumanal ring located ven-
trally before apex of abdomen, transverse, its ends curved cephalad, composed
of an outer distinct, and an inner obscure, row of elongate pores placed side by
side; a pair of close-set setae anterior, and a contiguous pair posterior, to center
of ring.

Derm between sclerotic plates, on ventral surface of wing pads and body,
membranous; also with characteristic ornamentation which is relatively large,
rounded, and rugose dorsally and over the anterior margin of the head, but which
is more acute and toothlike on the abdomen from ends of sclerotic plates to
spiracles, and is spinelike mesad of abdominal spiracles, around thoracic spiracles
and on ventral surface of wing pads; spinelike areas decreasing in size to minute
points medially.

EXPLANATION OF PiaTe 11.

Figure 1. Paurocephala gossypii. Head from fron t,x 70.
Figure 2. Antenna, x 115.

Figure 3. Apex of hind tibia, x 230.

Figure 4. Forewing, x 40.

Figure 5. Female genitalia, x 87.

Figure 6. Male genitalia, x 87.

Figure 7. Inner surface of clasper, x 115.

Figure 8. Fifth-stage nymph, x 50.

Figure 9. Ornamentation of membrane, x 650.

Figure 10. Apex of tarsus, x 345.
Figure 11. Setae of dorsum, x 460.
Figure 12. First-stage nymph, x 140.
(Drawings by Sara Hoke DeBord.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 ppareall

120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

Fourth-stage nymph.—Differing from fifth stage as follows: Length, 0.75 mm.;
brownish color slightly more restricted; | pair of transverse sclerotic plates on
mesothorax; setae on sclerotic plates and wing pads less numerous and smaller
but same number of sectasetae on apex of hind wing pads and on all abdominal
processes except posterior one, which has 5 (or 4, and a marginal one replaced
by aseta); antennal segment 2 without small setae and segment 3 lacking 1 whorl
of sectasetae; legs without tibio-tarsal articulation, with fewer setae, 3 sensoria
at base and 1 near center of each femur; posterior tibio-tarsi about one-sixth
longer than others; inner pores of circumanal ring very indistinct.

Third-stage nymph.—Differing from fourth stage as follows: Length, 0.55
mm.; sectasetae less numerous generally, only 3 on posterior and penultimate
processes and 2 on each of next 3 processes; other setae of dorsum less numerous;
second antennal segment poorly separated from third, with a minute seta, distal
segment with only 2 sectasetae; middle and posterior femora each with only 2
sensoria near base, each femur with none near center; posterior tibio-tarsi only
slightly longer than others; ornamentation of derm smaller and less distinct,
mostly spinelike or in points.

Second-stage nymph.—Differing from third stage as follows: Length, 0.40 mm.;
brownish only on prothorax and on median part of abdomen posteriorly; pos-
terior 7 abdominal segments sclerotized dorsally, forming | sclerotic plate with
a faint membranous median division through anterior 3; wing pads merely
bulges in derm; sectasetae sparse, 1 at apex of hind wing pads; 2 on each of
posterior 2 processes and | on each of next 3 processes; no ornamentation on
dorsum; antennae 2-segmented, terminal segment with a sensorium at base,
without small setae or sectasetae; elongate setae less numerous on legs and
venter.

First-stage nymph.—Differing from second stage as follows: Length, 0.32 mm.;
no brown color; no sclerotic plates, dorsum rather uniformly sclerotized; first
antennal segment with I| seta; all tibio-tarsi practically of same length; wing
pads not differentiated; marginal sectasetae sparse, 2 on head and only 1| on
any other segment, 1 submedian pair on head and | on mesothorax; other setae
less numerous.

Egg (in female).—Partially collapsed but approximately 0.18 mm. long, appar-
ently strongly narrowed at one end and broadly rounded at the other, the stalk
somewhat thumblike, located near broader end of egg.

Described from dry, liquid, and slide-mounted specimens
consisting of holotype male, allotype female, and more than 200
paratypes collected by Mrs. D. Soyer from Gossypium sp. at
Gandajika, Belgian Congo, November 1941 and 1942, Number
381. ‘Type specimens are in the collection of the United States
National Museum.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 121

NEW SPECIES OF SCOLYTOPLATYPUS SCHAUFUSS FROM
MALAYSIA (Coleoptera; Scolytoidea)

By M. W. Bracxman,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

In the present paper four new species of the genus Scolyto platy-
pus Schaufuss are described. Of these, three species were
collected by R. C. McGregor in the Philippine Islands, and one
species was taken in Java by C. Zimmermann. These have
been in the collections of the National Museum for many vears
awaiting a time when other duties permitted a thorough study
of these very remarkable forms.

The genus Scolytoplatypus was first described by Schaufuss in
1891 as a true platypid. In 1893 Blandford described several
new species from Japan and the East Indies, pointed out that
the group showed greater fundamental similarities to the scoly-
tids than to the platypids, and placed it as a subfamily of the
Scolytidae. Hopkins, in 1915, in his Preliminary Classification
of the Superfamily Scolytoidea, raised the group to full family
grade, coordinate with the [pidae, Scolytidae, and Platypodidae.
This disposal of the group seems to the present writer entirely
satisfactory.

Scolytoplatypus macgregori, new species.

Male.—Reddish brown to piceous red; 3.06 mm. long, 1.83 times as long as
wide.

Frons wide between eyes, frontal rectangle 1.48 times as long as wide; very
broadly, rather shallowly concave; surface subopaque, distinctly reticulate,
punctures minute, hairs minute, scarcely visible except for a few on epistoma]
margin; median line carinate on upper half. [ye ovate, wider above, facets
moderate, inner line entire. Antenna large, scape somewhat twisted, club-
shaped, longer than funicle but shorter than club; funicle 6-segmented, pedicel
large, nearly as long as other segments combined, which become shorter and
wider distally; club subsecuriform-ovate, without sutures, with moderately
short, stiff hairs, except for several long hairs at apex, texture appearing areolate
in balsam mounts.

Pronotum 1.06 times as wide as long, widest at base, posterior outline bisinu-
ate, slightly produced at median line, posterior lateral angles sharply angulate;
sides with a sharply elevated beaded margin, outlines excavated on posterior
half, nearly straight and subparrllel anteriorly with anterior border very
broadly rounded, subemarginate at median line; dorsal surface not strongly
convex; surface subopaque, punctures close, very shallow, of moderate size;
median line faint and fine on anterior half; vestiture lacking on disk and sides,
fine short, and rather abundant near anterior margin. Sides of prothorax
excavated behind, with a deep, rather large pit near anterior border; fore tibia
rather narrow.

122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

Elytra wider than pronotum and 1.29 times as long, 1.06 times as long as wide;
bases bisinuate, with beaded margin; sides nearly straight for four-fifths of their
length, very broadly rounded behind; surface subopaque for the most part;
anterior third of disk uniformly reticulate, with little or no evidence of punctures,
except near suture, and no indication of striae and interspaces except on extreme
sides; behind this a distinctly elevated, shining ridge, extending at sides to the
eighth striae, with fine distinct punctures near median line, but much fainter
toward the sides; posterior disk without recognizable striae or strial punctures,
each interspace with a narrow keel-like elevation along its middle, the wide
intervening spaces nearly uniformly reticulate, impunctate and glabrous; ex-
treme side with eighth and ninth striae impressed anteriorly, with very indistinct
punctures; declivity moderately steep, raised keels of interspaces lacking on
apical two-thirds, which is reticulate and finely granulate.

Female.—Slightly longer and not so stout as male (allotype, 3.31 mm. long,
2.07 times as long as wide); frons convex, wider between eyes than in male,
frontal rectangle 1.1 times as wide as long; pronotum very slightly longer than
wide, with a rather large, oval, bordered pit in median line in front of middle;
elytra subopaque throughout, with first, eighth, and ninth striae faintly indi-
cated, with interspaces keeled throughout, but not so strongly asin male. Fore
tibia much wider than in male with many coarse tubercles on its outer face.

Type locality —Port Galera, Mindoro, Philippine Islands.

Type material—Holotype <, allotype and 44 paratypes,
United States National Museum No. 56544.

The type series was collected by R. C. McGregor, in whose
honor the species is named. ‘The host is unknown.

Scolytoplatypus piceus, new species.

Male.—Piceous brown, subopaque with structures of ventral side reddish
brown; 2.41 mm. long, 1.76 times as long as wide; allied to macgregor1, new
species, but much smaller and otherwise diferent.

Frons wide between eyes, frontal rectangle 1.2 times as long as wide; very
broadly moderately deeply concave; median line scarcely raised but darker in
color above; surface subopaque, reticulate, punctures minute, with very fine
hairs seen only in profile, longer than in macgregori. Eye ovate, wider above,
inner line entire, facets coarser than in macgregori. Antenna much as in
macgregort.

Pronotum 1.19 times as wide as long, widest at base, posterior outline bisinu-
ate, sharply produced at median line, posterior lateral angles sharp, sides with
an elevated beaded margin; lateral outline excavated on posterior half (less
strongly than in macgregori), straight and subparallel anteriorly, very broadly
rounded in front; dorsal surface rather weakly convex; surface subopaque;
punctures very shallow, close, small, interstices with small granules; median
line not modified; vestiture, short, fine, appressed, longer and more abundant
in front.

Elvtra wider than pronotum and 1.36 times as long, 1.02 times as long as
wide; bases nearly straight, scarcely bisinuate, with beaded margin; sides nearly

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 125

straight and subparallel for nearly four-fifths of their length, then suddenly
narrowed to the subangulately rounded apex; surface mostly subopaque; anterior
portion (varying from one-fifth at median line to more than half of length at
extreme sides) devoid of striae and interspaces, with surface varying from sub-
opaque anteriorly to shining on the posterior edge, and texture varying from
reticulate anteriorly to closely, finely punctate posteriorly; posterior disk and
sides without evidence of striae, but each interspace marked by a keel-like
elevation which extends backward and is lost on the declivity; posterior part of
declivity without indications of striae or interspaces, granulate-reticulate;
vestiture nearly lacking on disk, very fine, short hairs on sides and declivity.
The female is unknown.

Type locality—Mt. Banahao, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
Type material Holotype @, United States National Museum
No. 56545.

The holotype was collected at Mt. Banahao, Laguna Province,
Luzon, Philippine Islands, by R. C. McGregor. Host unknown.

Scolytoplatypus benguetus, new species.

Female.—Piceous brown, subopaque above; 3.43 mm. long, almost exactly
twice as long as wide; with elytral declivity ornamented with abundant, silky,
yellow hairs. '

Frons convex between eyes, slightly flattened above with median line narrowly
elevated on vertex, strongly triangularly impressed below; surface subopaque,
reticulate, very finely punctured above; impression shining, obscurely reticu-
late; epistomal margin extended as an epistomal lobe; frontal rectangle 1.1
times as wide as long. Eye and antenna similar to those of other Philippine
species of the genus.

Pronotum 1.06 times as wide as long, widest at base, posterior outline bisinu-
ate, not strongly produced at median line, posterior lateral angles sharp, sides
with an elevated, beaded margin; lateral outline excavated on posterior half,
arcuate on anterior half, anterior margin nearly straight; dorsal surface rather
weakly convex, subopaque, reticulate, punctures very shallow, indistinct on
anterior half, interstices not granulate; median line faintly elevated behind the
bordered pit lying in front of middle; vestiture fine and short over most of
disk, but with a few longer hairs at each side in front of middle.

Elytra wider than pronotum and 1.33 times as long, slightly longer than wide;
bases nearly straight, only feebly arcuate, with beaded margin; sides slightly
arcuate, moderately broadly rounded behind; surface subopaque, reticulate,
without visible punctures and with minute hairs on disk, sides with a few larger
hairs in addition to minute ones, striae not recognizable as such, interspaces
feebly elevated along their centers (not keeled); declivity sloping, striae and
interspaces not recognizable, all of declivity with numerous fine, sericeous,
yeilow-testaceous hairs throughout, longer than on disk; ninth interspace ele-
vated, with small granules.

The male is unknown.

124 pROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

Type locality—Benguet, Luzon, Philippine Islands.

Type material,—Holotype ?, United States National Museum
No. 56546.

The holotype was collected by R. C. McGregor with no record
as to host. The specimen is somewhat mutilated.

Scolytoplatypus hirsutus, new species.

Female.—Reddish brown, 3.14 mm. long, exactly 2.0 times as long as wide;
elytra faintly striate, with long, curved hairs on declivity.

Frons convex midway between eyes, slightly flattened above, triangularly
impressed below; surface reddish, subopaque above, weakly shining below,
finely reticulate, with fine punctures bearing minute hairs; epistomal margin
black, shining, with longer hairs directed orad, epistomal lobe rather small;
frontal rectangle 0.92 as long as wide; antenna and eye of the type usual in this
genus.

Pronotum 1.11 times as wide as long, widest at base, posterior outline bisinu-
ate, weakly produced at median area, posterior lateral angles sharp; sides with
elevated, beaded margins; lateral outline excavated on posterior half, arcuate on
anterior half, front margin nearly straight; dorsal surface weakly convex, sub-
opaque, punctures very shallow, interstices elevated into an irregular network,
each mesh enclosing one or several punctures, not granulate; median line
scarcely at all modified; with an-oval bordered pit in front of middle; vestiture
almost entirely lacking, but with a few fine hairs on anterior half.

Elytra wider than pronotum and 1.33 times as long, 1.16 times as long as
wide; bases sinuate, with beaded margin; sides subparallel on anterior two-thirds,
moderately rounded behind; surface subopaque, finely reticulate; striae indefi-
nitely indicated, punctures usually not visible except at extreme sides on
eighth and ninth striae; interspaces nearly flat, appearing glabrous on disk,
sides with a few small hairs. Declivity moderate, striae much as on disk;
interspaces with distinct, small punctures and with fine, sharp granules; entire
declivity with conspicuous, long, curved, yellow hairs.

EXPLANATION OF PrareE 11.

All drawings were made by Mrs. Sara H. DeBord.

Figures 1-9.—Scolytoplatypus macgregori, new species.
1.—Dorsal view of male. 2.—Lateral view of head and pronotum of male,
showing the deep fovea. 3.—Face view of male. 4.—Antenna of male,
5.—Foreleg of male. 6.—Dorsal view of female. 7.—F ace view of female.
§.—Antenna of female. 9.—Foreleg of female.

Figures 10-12.—Scolytoplatypus hirsutus, new species.
10.—Dorsal view of female. 11.—Face view of female. 12.—Face view
of male.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

PLATE 12

Be Bord

[125]

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

Male.—Similar to the female but slightly stouter; frons concave from eye to
eye, surface reticulate, subopaque, punctures fine, hairs inconspicuous; frontal
rectangle 1.20 times as long as wide; prothoracic structures show the usual sexual]
differences, i. e., the narrower tibia, the pit at each side near anterior margin,
and the absence of the median bordered pit on the pronotal disk; elytra with
striae more impressed and interspaces more convex than in female, especially
in an area one-fifth to two-fifths from base; declivital granules smaller than in
female.

Type locality—Buitenzorg, Java.

Host.—Erythrina lithos perma.

Type material—Holotype 9, allotype and nine paratypes,
United States National Museum No. 56547.

The type series was collected in 1900 by C. Zimmermann,
from Erythrina lithos perma.

A PREOCCUPIED NAME IN TORTRICIDAE (Lepidoptera)

By Car. Hernricn,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture.

The generic name Peronea Curtis (1824, Brit. Ent. I (4), No.
16) now used in the Tortricidae is a homonym of Peronea Rafin-
esque (1815, Ann. Nat., p. 147), an emendation of Peronaea
Poli (1791, Test. Sicil. I, Introd., p. 29) in Mollusca. Rafin-
esque substituted ‘“‘e” for the diphthong “‘ae” in various previ-
ously published generic names. It may be assumed, therefore,
that in citing ‘‘Peronea Poli” he was deliberately emending
Peronaea Poli. Accordingly, though this emendation may not
be approved, it invalidates any later use of Peronea in a different
sense. The next oldest available generic name for the species
referable to Peronea Curtis is Acleris Hubner (1825, Verz. bek.
Schmett., p. 384, type: Tortrix aspersana Hubner), a name that
has been used by many lepidopterists and should be adopted
for this concept.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 127

A NEW SPIDER MITE ON CITRUS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
(Acarina: Tetranychidae).

By E. A. McGrecor ', Whittier, California.

The description of this new species of Tetranychus is based
upon material which was collected on navel orange fruits, and
subsequently reared on lemon leaves.

Tetranychus lewisi, new species.

Female.—Averaging 0.36 mm. in length, and 0.17 mm. in width. Twenty-
four strictly dorsal setae, not arising from tubercles; in addition, visible from
above, are a pair of similar setae on the lateral margin of body opposite coxae
III, and an inconspicuous pair of setae at posterior tip of abdomen. Body oval
from above; at first a pale greenish-amber color, but deepening in age to amber;
a varying number of blackish spots along lateral margin, but usually one over
each 3rd coxa and a pair near hind tip of body. One perfect eye cornea on each
side. The dorsal integument between the lumbal and sacral setae with trans-
verse striations (asin T. pacificus McG.). Mandibular plate rounded anteriorly.
“Thumb” of palpus fully one-fifth shorter than its greatest thickness; bearing
terminally a “finger” with subparallel sides and rounded tip, when viewed later-
ally; terminal “finger” less than half as thick as “thumb” at tip; the dorsal
sensilla spindle-shaped, about as long as terminal “‘finger’’; “‘thumb”’ bearing
five additional setae placed and proportioned about as usual. Relative lengths
of the joints of the foreleg as follows: Coxa, 15; trochanter, 10; femur, 28; patella,
14; tibia, 17; tarsus, 24. Tip of tarsus (female) bearing a claw which is bent
strongly downward, and is cleft into three pairs of needle-like spurs, the proximal
pair the strongest basally. ‘Tarsus of leg I with two sets of duplex setae dorsally.
The usual four tenent hairs arising from the onychium, a pair on each side of
the claw base. The collar trachea extends downward and backward as a
slightly expanding tube, then abruptly bend upward at a right angle to form a
somewhat swollen chamber which is about one-third as long as the main arm.
Egg almost spherical, with a very slender axial stalk; at first almost colorless,
but becoming straw-color before hatching; 0.12 mm. in diameter.

Male.—Body smaller, narrower, and more wedge-shaped than that of female;
mustard-yellow color; legs proportionately longer. Penis with inner lobe rod-
like; basilar lobe inconspicuous; shaft three times as long as its basal thickness,
inner half concave above, bent downward about 45° from its main axis, then
again bent slightly upward; portion of penis distad of the shaft gradually acumi-
nate to a sharp tip. Tarsal claw of foreleg is fundamentally similar to that of
female, but is less strongly bent, and the divisions are very closely appressed,
and appear under the low magnification almost as a simple claw. ‘“Thumb” of
palpus more cone-shaped than in female; the terminal “‘finger’’? reduced to a
nipple-like papilla.

* Retired April 8, 1943, from the Bureau of Entomology & Plant Quaran-
tine, U. S. Department of Agriculture, ;

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

Type slide——U. S. National Museum No. 1431.

The type material is from Corona, Calif., from fruits of navel
orange, collected by H. C. Lewis. It has also been collected
from lemon fruits at Whittier, Calif., by F. Munger and H. R.
Yust.

Of Amer can mites, this species perhaps is allied with Tetrany-
chus oregonensis McG., T. willamettet McG., T. ywmensis McG.
and 7. sexmaculatus Riley. Of the European mites, it is perhaps
closest to (Tetranychus) Eotetranychus carpint (Oud.)

In the pattern of the dorsal cuticular striations, and in the
general structure of the penis, the present species is referable to
the genus Lo’etranychus Oud. which includes severa! European
species. American workers have not accepted this genus, but
subsequent study may result in transferring to it several existing
American species of Tetranychus.

Bro.ocicaL Nores.

Females of Tetranychus lewisi, n. sp., were transferred from
navel oranges to tender lemon leaves in Mungar cages, and kept
at room temperatures varying from 62° to 73° F. The mites
seemed to thrive under these conditions.

Females commenced ovipositing less than 24 hours after issu-
ance. During the period of rearing, females deposited an aver-
age of five eggs per day. The average duration of the stages in
developing females were as follows: Incubation, 6 days; larval
stage, 2 days; Ist stage nymph, 2 days; 2d stage nymph, 2 days.
The time required from egg deposition to the emergence of the
female was 12 days. The development of male individuals
required one or two days less, due to the omission of one nymphal
instar.

The mites form a loose canopy of webbing under which they
live. All stages are capable of spinning these fibrils. In feed-
ing, either on the fruit or the leaf, pigment is extracted which
results in a stippling of the rind and epidermis with paler spots.

EXPLANATION OF Piate 13.
Tetranychus lewist.

Fig. 1. Tip of tarsus of leg I of female.
Fig. 2. Terminal portion of palpus of male, viewed laterally.
Fig. 3. Terminal portion of palpus of female, viewed laterally,
lig. 4. Tip of tarsus of leg I of male.
Fig. 5. Lateral view of penis.
Fig. 6, Mandibular plate.
Fig. 7. Leg I of female, viewed from outside,

Fig. 8. Collar trachea, viewed laterally.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

PLATE 13

3

[ 129 |

130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 5, MAY, 1943

BOOK REVIEW

Insect Invaders, by Anthony Standen. 8vo., cloth, 228 pp., 56 illus.,
Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1943, ($3.50.)

This book is another popular compilation of the more widely
known and the more spectacular facts about insects, quite simi-
lar in scope to a considerable number of others already available.
Indeed, so very many of these have been published from time
to time dealing in a non-technical way with insects, with birds,
and with other common forms of animal life, and the public
need apparently has been so fully met, that it might well be a
source of some wonder that the buying public does not experience
a surfeit of such material. ‘To survive at all or to be 'com-
mercially profitable, in the midst of such heavy competition,
it surely must be necessary that the new book be in some way
outstanding or possess some definitely distinctive attribute.
Perhaps in the case of this book such attraction may prove to
be the quite unusual, viewpoint:of its author. Unlike most
writers on insects, Mr. Standen is not a Nature Lover, and he
very frankly states: “I hate insects. I admit, for it is undeniable,
that they are completely and utterly fascinating, but for me it
is the fascination of horror.” In further development of this
line of thought he quotes Maeterlinck’s lines that “Something
in the insect seems to be alien to the habits, morals, and psy-
chology of this world, as if it had come from some other planet,
more monstrous, more energetic, more insensate, more atrocious,
more infernal than our own.’’ In view of this mental attitude
it is a matter of some interest as to why he has selected insects as
subject matter for his book. ‘This however is made somewhat
clearer when we learn that he is by profession a research chemist,
who, in various parts of the world, notably in Spain and Brazil,
has specialized in fumigation against insects. Something of the
general scope of this volume may be gained by an enumeration
of its principal chapter headings, as: What is an insect? What
an insect’s body is like; How insects live and multiply; Insects
that harm man and animals; Insects that eat our food and other
things; Good insects; The balance sheet; Insects out of place;
Insects kept in place; Chemicals; Other tricks; Set a bug to
catch a bug; and Stamp on that bug. An index has been pro-
vided, and the illustrations, reproduced from various sources,
have been well selected in relation to accompanying subject
matter. ‘The book has been dedicated to a friend “‘Bob Linscott,
who remarked that insects seem to be much more prevalent
now than thirty years ago, and suggested that this might be
due to the greater prevalence of entomologists.”

J. S. Wang:

Actual date of publication, June 3, 1943,

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i 45 June, 1943 No. 6

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

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VOL. 45 JUNE, 1943 No. 6

A NEW GENUS AND FOUR NEW SPECIES OF WHITEFLIES
FROM THE WEST INDIES (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae)

By Loutse M. Russe tt,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

The Neotropical Region appears to be exceptionally rich in
representatives of the Aleyrodidae, and although containing the
type localities of approximately one-fourth of the known species
of the world, it doubtless is still relatively unexplored as far as
the members of this family are concerned. ‘The incomplete-
ness of our knowledge of the aleyrodid fauna of this region was
vividly impressed upon the writer recently by her examination
of a collection of pupae obtained from herbarial specimens of
the plant genus Coccoloba. Not only are many of these species
new to science, but a number of them apparently represent
undescribed genera. Probably the major reason that so few
aleyrodids are known from the Neotropical Region (and else-
where) is that many of them are extremely difficult to see. The
majority of those described are relatively conspicuous, owing to
their comparatively large size, dark coloration, noticeable
waxy secretion, or the copious growth of fungus sometimes
associated with them. Specimens exhibiting the antitheses of
these conditions often escape attention.

Only 14 species of Aleyrodidae have been described from the
West Indies (exclusive of Trinidad), one of these was introduced
from the Orient, and only a few additional species have been
reported from the islands. Six of the 14 species were described
from Jamaica and 2 from Cuba, but none have been described
from Hispaniola. ‘The discovery of a new and unusual genus,
which is known to occur on these three islands and which doubt-
less is distributed elsewhere, therefore seems worthy of notice.
Before proceeding to the description of the genus and its avail-
able species, however, it seems desirable to define a few terms as
employed by the writer, since some are new and others have not
been applied uniformly by previous workers.

The dorsal disk is all of the dorsum within the submargin
(submarginal area). The term submedian is applied to an area
of varying width lying each side of the median line, and the

132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

term subdorsal designates the zone between the submedian and
submarginal ones. Usually the last two areas are not sharply
demarked, but are inconspicuously indicated by setae and de-
pressions fairly near the median line, and by a segregation of
disk pores (more conspicuous on the abdomen than on the
cephalothorax) with some near the depressions, some well
laterad of these, and an intervening space without any. The
outward limits of the submedian area are around the first ab-
dominal setae (in most species in which these are present) or
about opposite the ends of the first abdominal suture, and
extend to the median line at each end of the body. Pockets
are a pair of broad invaginations extending anteriorly from the
submedian part of the posterior suture. Disk pores are minute,
circular, nonloculate pores of the dorsal surface. Porettes are
minute spots resembling, but smaller than, the disk pores
and are associated with them. Setae on the dorsal disk are
named from the segment on which they occur; the ventral abdomi-
nal setae are located meso-cephalad of the posterior spiracles.
The caudal furrow is a groove extending posteriorly from the
vasiform orifice.

The marginal wax tubes are short, inconspicuous structures
located just beneath the body margin. The thoracic tracheal
folds are a pair of furrowlike depressions extending from the
anterior thoracic spiracles to the body margin; the abdominal
tracheal fold is a single furrow extending from the posterior
abdominal spiracles to the posterior margin of the body.
Tracheal pores or tracheal pore areas are the points where the
folds reach the body margin. ‘The adhesive organs are a pair of
saclike extensions of the body wall mesad of the middle legs.
The bifid sac is a small, membranous, bifid invagination located
medially between the posterior spiracles in males, but is absent
in females. It was discovered by the writer while preparing a
yet unpublished paper on the genus 7rzaleurodes, and appears
to be a positive means of separating pupae of the two sexes.

Type specimens of the species treated herein are in the collec-
tion of the United States National Museum. They were removed
from herbarial specimens of Coccoloba in the Arnold Arboretum,
the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botanic Garden, and the
United States National Herbarium. ‘The writer’s appreciation
is extended to the persons in charge of the Herbaria for permis-
sion to examine the plants, and to Marjorie J. Camp of the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, for collecting
and mounting the insects.

BELLITUDO, new genus.

A very thin layer of transparent, colorless (white beneath tracheal folds),
glassy wax on dorsal and ventral surfaces; a narrow, nearly flat border of
white wax extending outward from just within body margin; columns of a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 133

white, fibrous, somewhat flocculent, waxy substance on dorsum (pre-
sumably arising from invaginations in center of body), too badly crushed
in available specimens for complete description.

Specimens nearly circular to oval in outline; submargin deflexed some-
what diagonally in mature pupae; dorsal disk and ventral surface nearly
flat. Dorsum whitish, yellowish, or brownish, weakly to rather strongly
sclerotized; ventral surface thin, colorless, and membranous.

Body margin dentate. A pair of setae (at tips of teeth) on anterior and
posterior margins of body. Submargin fairly uniform in width, demarked
from dorsal disk by a faint or distinct membranous line. A row of toothed-
shaped designs, much larger than marginal teeth, in derm on inner side of
submargin, their edges (except across basal end and in center of distal end)
serrate and heavily sclerotized, a disk pore and porette in center of basal
end of each design. Submarginal ridges extending from marginal teeth
to designs, as wide as teeth at margin but usually widened opposite ends of
designs and narrowed between them. ‘Tracheal pore areas well defined,
the pores themselves within the margin, the thoracic pores beneath a nar-
row cleft extending from body margin to center of submargin, then widen-
ing into an oval area with a slightly depressed rim and a porous-appearing
center, and this extending to inner edge of submargin, the entire structure
somewhat spoon-shaped; abdominal tracheal pore at base of a short cleft
in margin, extending about to center of submargin, lacking inner structure
of thoracic ones. Apparently 15 (8 on abdomen and 7 on cephalothorax)
pairs of minute, circular areas (resembling minute setal bases but without
distinguishable setae, or disk pores but less distinct and without porettes)
between submargin and dorsal disk.

Dorsal disk with disk pores and porettes, with a least 1 pair of con-
spicuous invaginations (presumably glandular in function) near center of
body, associated with pores which usually are slightly larger than disk
pores and with which there are apparently no porettes. A pair of submedian
setae on cephalic, first abdominal, and eighth abdominal segments, and a
median caudal pair in submargin at ends of ridges beside caudal furrow.
Median molting suture extending to body margin; transverse one terminat-
ing at submargin approximately opposite ends of meso-metathoracic suture,
curved posteriorly from center but recurved cephalad, located just anterior
to thoracoabdominal suture. Most segmental sutures defined nearly to
submargin, their edges heavily sclerotized, and some ending in designs
resembling the links of a chain; cephalothoracic suture a weak depressed
line merging with a submedian depressions, pro-mesothoracic suture a
weak depressed line with median rearward bend, meso-metathoracic
suture conspicuous and nearly straight, thoracoabdominal suture a de-
pressed line ending in subdorsal area; first abdominal suture a straight,
well-defined, depressed line ending in submedian area; other abdominal
sutures conspicuous, second bent cephalad from submedian area and nearly
reaching transverse molting suture, third nearly straight, fourth slightly
curved caudad from inner subdorsal area, fifth more strongly reflexed,
sixth curved posteriorly from its center; seventh nearly straight in sub-

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

median area, then bent straight backward, then curved outward and back-
ward, its curved portion nearly parallel to ends of sixth suture. Median
length of cephalic segment (including submargin) as great as, or slightly
greater than, that of thorax; prothorax about three times length of meso-
thorax and two or three times length of metathorax; subequal length of
abdominal segments 1, 2, and 7 usually a little less than length of segment
6, which is slightly less than subequal length of segments 3-5, each much
shorter than segment 8. Pockets large, contiguous. Submedian depres-
sions conspicuous, heavily sclerotized around edge, pairs arranged as
follows: Two along cephalo-thoracic suture, 3 on prothorax, 2 along pro-
mesothoracic suture, 1 on mesothorax, 1 adjoining meso-metathoracic
suture posteriorly, 1 on metathorax, 1 posterior to thoracoabdominal and
to each of anterior 6 abdominal sutures, | on outside (on seventh segment)
of longitudinal part of posterior suture. Vasiform orifice cordate, deep,
its sides nearly vertical, sclerotized, finely ridged; located more than its
length from posterior suture and two and one-half to three and one-half
times its length from body margin. Operculum cordate, filling orifice,
posterior margin and ventral surface covered with minute slender spines,
a pair of small ventral setae near center. Lingula elongate, lying in a curved
position and contained in orifice but actually longer than orifice; somewhat
spatulate, narrower in center than at ends, with a terminal lobe defined,
covered with minute slender spines, a pair of small setae laterally before,
and a longer pair ventrally at base of, terminal lobe. Caudal furrow
deep, defined from orifice to tracheal pore. A rounded ridge each side of
orifice, interrupted at caudal furrow, and a shallow to deep invagination
with a transverse slitlike opening at posterior end of ridges; a flat, trans-
versely lined ridge each side of caudal furrow.

Marginal wax tubes barely visible. Thoracic tracheal folds apparent but
without characteristic marks, abdominal fold well defined and with a few
minute needlelike sclerotic flecks. Opening of thoracic spiracles rather
elongate, surrounded by an oval slightly sclerotized area; anterior abdomi-
nal spiracles smaller, and posterior ones larger than thoracic ones, posterior
ones about opposite center of vasiform orifice. Segmentation of beak in-
distinct, apparently 3 pairs of minute setae at tip. Antennae apparently
l-segmented, reaching to or just beyond anterior spiracles; distal fourth
narrowed and ending in a fingerlike tip with minute slender spines, with
1 or 2 sensoria near inner end and | near tip. Legs with segmentation in-
distinct, stout, disklike at tip, each with 3-6 minute setae on inner basal
area, 2 near disk, and 1 slightly before these; a relatively elongate slender
seta on inner basal area of each middle and posterior leg. Adhesive sacs
inconspicuous. Bifid sac present in males.

Genotype, Bellitudo jamaicae, new species.

Bellitudo appears to be most closely allied to Aleuroparadoxus
Quaintance and Baker and to Pseudaleurolobus Hempel, and
somewhat less closely related to Africaleurodes Dozier, Aleuro-
lobus Quaintance and Baker, and Paraleurolobus Sampson and
Drews. ‘The species of these genera usually have a dentate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 135

body margin, plainly indicated thoracic tracheal pore areas,
the submarginal area separated from the dorsal disk, no thoracic
setae on the dorsal disk, and the vasiform orifice or the area
around it characterized in some way. Bellitudo can be immedi-
ately distinguished from the other genera mentioned by con-
spicuous characteristic invaginations near the center of the body,
by chainlike designs along some sutures, by a rounded ridge each
side of the vasiform orifice, by shallow to deep invaginations
at the posterior end of these ridges, and by a flat, transversely
lined ridge each side of the caudal furrow. It also differs from
each of the other genera in at least one other character of
taxonomic importance.

Bellitudo jamaicae, new species.

Specimens subcircular, 1.40-1.70 mm. long and 1.20-1.45 wide. Whitish
or yellowish, rather weakly to moderately sclerotized, a narrow, finely
sculptured band around edge of dorsal disk.

Submargin practically uniform in width, approximately one-fifteenth
the width of dorsal disk. Marginal teeth rounded, moderately strong,
slightly wider than long, slightly variable in width, 15-18 in 100 uw. Sub-
marginal ridges moderately strong, usually 2 opposite each and 2 between
adjacent tooth-shaped designs. ‘Tooth-shaped designs 20-24 uw long and
24-28 wide, approximately one-third as long as width of submargin, their
edges moderately serrate. Thoracic tracheal pores usually with 1 strong
median tooth extending outward from porous area, abdominal one with 2
strong teeth, directed caudad. Marginal setae broken, each at least 12 »
long.

A pair of conspicuous, hemispherical, submedian areas about 60 w in
diameter on metathorax; strongly rugose and with 4-6 pores at the end of
elongate openings to thick-walled, heavily sclerotized, saclike invaginations.
Cephalic setae 16-32 yw long, first abdominal 24-44 yw; eighth abdominal
16-20 py, located near posterior end of longitudinal part of posterior suture;
caudal 80-84 uw, their bases in line with ends of tooth-shaped designs.
Chainlike designs (a single chain usually) arranged as follows on each half
of body: A longitudinal (usually double) submedian and a diagonal subdor-
sal chain on cephalic segment; a diagonal, 3-sided figure (outer side open)
whose inner anterior angle meets the cephalo-thoracic suture and whose
inner posterior angle meets the pro-mesothoracic suture; a transverse chain
slightly nearer to angular figure than to meso-metathoracic suture; sub-
dorsal part of all remaining segmental sutures. Pairs of disk pores arranged
about as follows: Cephalic segment, 2—4 submedian and 6-8 subdorsal;
prothorax, 2 or 3 submedian and 5 or 6 subdorsal; mesothorax, 2 or 3
submedian and 8-10 subdorsal; metathorax, none or 2 submedian and 4—7
subdorsal; first abdominal segment, 2 submedian; second, | submedian;
third, 1 submedian and 8-12 subdorsal; fourth and fifth, each 1 submedian
and 7-10 subdorsal; sixth, 1 submedian and 5-7 subdorsal; seventh, 1
submedian and 3-5 subdorsal; eighth, 1 submedian (opposite anterior part

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

of orifice rather near posterior suture) and 2 or 3 subdorsal (usually 1 oppo-
site posterior part of orifice and 1 or 2 farther caudad); 1-3 minute spines in
derm around pores and porettes. Vasiform orifice around 62 w long and
wide, operculum around 60 uw long and wide, lingula with a pair of poorly
defined lateral lobes. Ridges beside orifice strong, tending to merge into
ridges beside caudal furrow, invagination at end of ridges beside orifice
shallow. Caudal furrow finely sculptured.

Elongate setae mesad of legs 16-28 yw long, ventral abdominal setae 40 yu.

Hosts.—Coccoloba longiflora Fisch., C. uvifera L., C. venosa L.

Distribution.—Jamaica: Vicinity of Holly Mount, Mount
Diablo; Union Hill near Moneague, Parish of Saint Ann; Parish
of Saint Thomas; southeastern foothills of John Crow Moun-
tains; Buff Bay.

Described from 12 specimens from plants collected as follows:
C. longiflora, Holly Mount, W. R. Maxon, May 25-27, 1904,
Union Hill, Britton and Hollick, April 6-7, 1908, and Parish of
Saint Thomas, N: Bratton; September 15 =19, 1908 (including
holotype); C. ‘longiflora and C. venosa, John Crow Mountains,
Harris and Britton, March 2, 1909; C. uvifera, Buff Bay, W. R.
Maxon, July 21. 1926:

Bellitudo campae, new species.

Differing from B. jamaicae as follows: Specimens 1.40-1.75 mm. long
and 1.20-1.50 wide. Submedian part of metathorax and first and second
abdominal segments brownish. ‘Thoracic tracheal pores usually without a
median tooth, abdominal pore with or without 2 small teeth. Marginal
setae 24 uw long, cephalic setae broken, first abdominal 16 pw, eighth abdomi-
nal 20 yw, located opposite posterior part of orifice in outer edge of ridge,
caudal 20 wu» Number and distribution of dorsal disk pores approximately
as in gamaicae but submedian pair of posterior segment located anterior to

ends of orifice and nearer to it than to suture. Vasiform orifice 50-56 yp .

long and 54-60 wide, operculum 48-54 uw long and 52-58 wide. Ridges
beside orifice rather weak, distinctly merging into ridges beside caudal
furrow, invaginations in ridges beside orifice deep, saclike, and sclerotized.

Host.—Coccoloba uvifera L.

Distribution Jamaica: Coastal region east of Montego Bay.

Described from holotype and 10 paratypes from plants
collected by W. R. Maxon and E. P. Killip, March 28, 1920.

Bellitudo hispaniolae, new species.

Differing from B. jamaicae as follows: Specimens 1.25—1.70 mm. long
and 1-1.45 wide. Moderately sclerotized; sculptured band around dorsal
disk wider, reaching well mesad of ends of some segmental sutures, rest of
subdorsal area lightly sculptured. Submargin approximately one-
twentieth width of dorsal disk. 'Tooth-shaped designs about one-half as
long as width of submargin.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 137

No hemispherical submedian areas on thorax but 2 pairs of nearly con-
tiguous, submedian invaginations (the inner slightly smaller than the outer)
on mesothorax, and 1 pair (as large as outer mesothoracic) on metathorax.
Cephalic setae broken, first abdominal 20-28 uw long, eighth abdominal
12-20 pw, caudal 140 pw. Only 1 chain (single) on cephalic segment, this
longitudinal and subdorsal. Pairs of disk pores arranged as follows:
Cephalic segment, 1 or 2 submedian and 3-6 subdorsal; prothorax, 1-3
submedian and 2-4 subdorsal; mesothorax, 1 submedian and 4—7 subdorsal;
metathorax, | or 2 submedian and 2-6 subdorsal; first abdominal segment,
2 submedian; second, 1 submedian; third, 1 submedian and 5~9 subdorsal;
fourth, fifth, and sixth, each 1 submedian and 3-7 subdorsal; seventh, 1
submedian and 2-4 subdorsal; eighth, 1 submedian (about halfway between
widest part of orifice and posterior suture) and 1-3 subdorsal. Vasiform
orifice 58-68 uw long and wide, operculum 54-64 uv long and wide, no lateral
lobes on lingula in available specimens. Ridges beside orifice very strong
and prominent, rather abruptly separated from ridges beside caudal
furrow.

Elongate setae mesad of legs 16 w long, ventral abdominal setae 32 yu.

Hosts —Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq., C. laurifolia Jacq.

Distribution Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo (Ciudad
Trujillo ?). It is uncertain whether Santo Domingo refers to
the city now known as Ciudad Trujillo or to the Dominican
Republic. Haiti: Baille, La Lomas, vicinity of Saint Michel
de l’Atalaye, Department du Nord; west of La Coup River,
vicinity of Port de Paix.

Described from four specimens from plants collected as
follows: C. diversifolia, Santo Domingo, Wright, Parry, and
Brummel, January to March 1871; C. laurifolia, Baille, E. C.
Leonard, November 26, 1925, and west of La Coup River, E. C.
and G. M. Leonard, December 24, 1928 (including holotype).

Bellitudo cubae, new species.

Specimen oval, 1.40 mm. long and 1.10 wide. Brown, heavily sclerotized;
dorsal disk sculptured rather strongly near edge and weakly elsewhere, line
between it and submargin weakly sclerotized and light colored.

Submargin slightly wider laterally than at ends of body, at its widest
point approximately equal to one-seventh width of dorsal disk. Marginal
teeth strong, their margins smooth or minutely serrate, the majority acute
at apex but some subacute or blunt, slightly longer than wide, 10-12 in
100 »; space between them about equal to their width. Submarginal
ridges strong, usually 1 opposite each and | between adjacent tooth-shaped
designs. ‘Tooth-shaped designs slightly to distinctly more than one-half
as long as width of submargin, about 40 yu long at ends of body and 50-56
uw elsewhere, all about 20 uw wide; their edges very strongly sclerotized and
strongly serrate near outer end; a row of heavily sclerotized, vertically
directed, acute, minute points on each side of inner two-thirds of designs.

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

Thoracic tracheal pores with an elongate median tooth, abdominal one
with 2 smaller teeth. Marginal setae not observed, presumably broken at
base.

A pair of large, dark, thick-walled, heavily sclerotized, submedian invagi-
nations on first and second abdominal segments (presence or absence of
similar thoracic structures indeterminable in available specimen owing
to parasite escape hole in center of thorax). All setae broken at base,
presumably small in available specimen, eighth abdominal pair near end of
longitudinal part of posterior suture, bases of caudal pair opposite center
of tooth-shaped designs. Part of chainlike designs on thorax obliterated
by parasite escape hole; a short, slightly diagonal chain on cephalic seg-
ment near a longer chain presumably meeting cephalothoracic suture, then
a transverse chain presumably meeting pro-mesothoracic suture, then
another transverse chain, and ends of meso-metathoracic suture; on abdo-
men around 3 links at ends of second to fifth sutures, 6 or 7 links at ends of
sixth suture, and links on curved part of posterior suture; second to sixth
sutures deep, furrowlike, with walls heavily sclerotized and vertically
ridged; ends of transverse molting suture slightly anterior to a point oppo-
site meso-metathoracic suture. Eye spots present, colorless, between
anterior 2 chains. Derm around disk pores and porettes with several
minute spines pointing upward; pairs of pores arranged as follows (total
number on thorax indeterminable): Cephalic segment, 2 submedian and 5
subdorsal; prothorax, 2 subdorsal; mesothorax, 4 subdorsal; metathorax, 3
subdorsal; first abdominal segment, 2 submedian; second, 1 submedian;
third, 1 submedian and 6 or 7 subdorsal; fourth and fifth, each 1 submedian
and 4 or 5 subdorsal; sixth and seventh, each 1 submedian and 3 subdorsal;
eighth, none or 1 submedian (about midway between widest part of orifice
and nearest suture) and 1 subdorsal (opposite end of posterior suture).
Vasiform orifice 49 w long and wide, operculum 48 yw long and wide. Ridge
beside orifice continued across its anterior end, very strong and heavily
sclerotized, merging into ridges beside caudal furrow; invaginations
shallow in ends of ridge around orifice, hardly deeper than some formed by
lines across ridges beside caudal furrow. Caudal furrow deep, its walls
sclerotized and vertically ridged.

Elongate setae mesad of legs 12 » long, ventral abdominal setae 30 yu,

Host.—Coccoloba retusa Grieseb.

Distribution—Cuba: Rio Seboruco to Falls of Rio Mayari,
Oriente.

Described from one specimen from a plant collected by J. A.

Shafer, January 26, 1910.

Key To species OF BELLITUDO.

1. Submedian invaginations located on first and second abdominal
segments; second to sixth abdominal sutures deep and fur-
rowlike, their walls heavily sclerotized and _ vertically
ridged, only their ends chainlike; a ridge along anterior end

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 139

of vasiform orifice; marginal teeth very strong, the majority
of them acute at apex, 10-12 in 100 y, the interval between
them about equal to the width of one; submargin approxi-
mately one-seventh width of dorsal disk; dorsum heavily
sclerotized) Gasca... at a- -.2+.....€Ubae, New species.
Submedian invaginations located « on eee econ to sixth ab-
dominal sutures not as in cubae, all their enbdorsal part chain-
like; no ridge along anterior end of vasiform orifice; margi-
nal teeth moderately strong, rounded at apex, contiguous,
15-18 in 100 uw; submargin no more than about one-fifteenth
width of dorsal disk; dorsum rather weakly or moderately
SClELOLIZE Cin APeMe eta OM Le, Bade RM tea Re Ry Snr oe ae 2
2. Submedian invaginations located on both meso- and metathorax,
2 pairs on mesothorax and 1 pair on metathorax, no hemi-
spherical rugose area around their openings; 1 pair of chain-
like designs on cephalic segment, somewhat diagonal, sub-
dorsal; submargin approximately one-twentieth width of
dorsal disk; sculptured band around dorsal disk extending
well within ends of some segmental sutures..............
hispantiolae, new species.
Submedian invaginations located only on metathorax, 4-6 pairs,
their openings surrounded by a conspicuous, hemispherical,
rugose area; 2 pairs of chainlike designs on cephalic seg-
ment, 1 longitudinal submedian and 1 diagonal subdorsal;
submargin approximately one-fifteenth width of dorsal
disk; sculptured band around dorsal disk hardly reaching
ends of segmental sutures
3. Ridges beside vasiform orifice rather weak but their invaginations
deep, saclike, and sclerotized; eighth abdominal setae located
in outer edge of ridges near posterior end of orifice; sub-
median disk pores of posterior segment anterior to ends of
orifice, nearer to it than to posterior suture; submedian part
of metathorax and anterior 2 abdominal segments brownish
campae, new species.
Ridges beside vasiform orifice strong but their invaginations
shallow and membranous; eighth abdominal setae located
near anterior edge of segment; submedian disk pores of
posterior segment opposite anterior part of orifice rather
near posterior suture; submedian part of metathorax and
anterior 2 abdominal segments whitish or yellowish
jamaicae, new species.

ENT. SOC. WASH., VoL. 45

PROC

PLATE 14

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 141

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Figure 1. Bellitudo jamaicae, dorsam, X 60.

Figure 2. Bellitudo jamaicae, submargin around thoracic tracheal pore, X
23.0!

Figure 3. Bellitudo jamaicae, submedian hemispherical area, X 230.

Figure 4. Bellitudo hispaniolae, dorsal view of submedian invagination,
650.

Figure 5. Bellitudo hispaniolae, half of cephalothorax, X 60.

Figure 6. Bellitudo cubae, submargin around thoracic tracheal pore, X
230.

Figure 7. Bellitudo cubae, bifid sac, X 650.

Figure 8. Bellitudo cubae, area around disk pore and porette, X 650.

Figure 9. Bellitudo cubae, dorsal view of submedian invagination, 460.

Figure 10. Bellitudo cubae, dorsum, X 60.

Figure 11. Bellitudo campae, posterior segment, X 115.

(Drawings by Sara Hoke DeBord.)

A LIST OF THE SPECIES OF MONANTHIA LEP. & SERV. OF
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, INCLUDING DESCRIPTION OF
A NEW SPECIES (Hemiptera: Tingitidae)

By Cari J. Drake, Ames, Towa

The genus Monanthia Le Peletier and Serville, 1825, is widely
distributed in both hemispheres. It is represented in the East-.
ern Hemisphere by 15 species, including the new form described
below.

Monanthia berryi sp. new.

Small, obovate, sparsely pubescent, black, the paranota, collar and costa]
area somewhat brownish black. Antennae slender, finely pubescent; segments
I, II and IV black; III testaceous, twice as long as IV. Legs slender, black, the
tibiae testaceous, the tarsi mostly black, brownish basally. Rostrum brownish
black, extending between middle coxae, the laminae black. Head black, with
five short, appressed, brownish spines, the median sometimes greatly reduced.

Pronotum rather strongly convex, pitted, shiny, black, the triangular projec-
tion reticulate and brownish basally; median carina sharply raised, the lateral
short, present on triangular process, faintly divaricating posteriorly. Collar
distinct, areolate, truncate in front. Paranota rather narrow, completely
reflexed, bitriseriate, completely reflexed, resting closely on the dorsal surface
of pronotum, the outer margin nearly straight, the uncovered space between
lateral margin and median carina a little wider than portion covered by paranota.
Elytra completely overlapping and jointly rounded behind when in repose;
costal area narrow, the areolae hyaline, smallest at middle; the C-shaped mark

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943
at apex of discoidal area large, its top and hind margins very strongly, sharply
raised; sutural area more widely reticulated, black, a few of the areolae whitish.
Female a little broader than male.

Length, 2.45 mm.; width, 1.00-1.12 mm.

Type (male), allotype (female) and 7 paratypes, Montevideo,
Uruguay, August 21, 1942, collected by Mr. Paul A. Berry.

This species is most closely related to M. loricata Distant and
M. paritis Drake, but may be easily separated from them by the
very strongly and sharply elevated top and bottom margins of
the C-shaped area of the discoidal area, which extends deeply
into the subcostal area.

of the C-shaped mark is not sharply elevated.

M. paritis is smaller and the boundary

The types are

in the U. S. National Museum.

Genus Monanthia Le Peletier & Serville, 1825.
Dictyla Stal, 1874.
Logotype, Tingis rotundata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835.

1. ainsliei Drake & Poor, Guatemala.
1935:
2 ballipDrake. 1922... = Haiti.
3. berryi Drake, 1943........ Uruguay.
4. c-nigrum Champion, Brazil, Central America, West
1898. Indies, Mexico.
5. coloradensis Drake, United States (Colorado).
OZ:
6. ehrethia Gibson, 1917.. United States (Texas), Mexico.
7. figurata Drake, 1922... Brazil.
8. haitiensis Drake & West Indies.
Poor, 1938:
9. lobeculata Uhler, United States (California, Colo-
NSO3e rado, Arizona).
10. loricata Distant, 1888. Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela,
Bolivia, Paraguay.
11. monotropidia Stal, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia,
1860. Paraguay, Venezuela, Argen-
tina, West Indies, Central
America, Mexico.
12° paritis Drake, 193624 Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil.
13. parmata Distant, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay,
1888. Peru, Venezuela.
14. senta Drake & Ham- Peru.
bleton, 1942.
15. veterna Scudder, 1890.. United States (Colorado; Floris-

sant, fossil).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 143

THE IDENTITY OF AEDES BIMACULATUS (COQUILLETT)
AND A NEW SUBSPECIES OF AEDES FULVUS (WIEDEMANN)
FROM THE UNITED STATES (Diptera, Culicidae)

By Epwarp 5S. Ross,’

First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, Army of the United States

This paper presents evidence to show that two distinct species
of Aedes occurring in the United States are both at present
identified as Coquillett’s bimaculatus. ‘The true bimaculatus,
described from Brownsville, Texas, and ranging from central
Texas to EF] Salvador, is very distinct from the “bimaculatus”
collected throughout the southeastern United States which is
here described as a new subspecies of the Neotropical fulvus
(Wiedemann). Vargas’ rozeboomi, recently described from
Campeche, Mexico, is shown to be a synonym of the true
bimaculatus.

The dimaculatus series upon which this study is largely based
was collected by Lt. H. R. Roberts and the writer at the type
locality, Brownsville, Texas. It consists of a large number of
each sex, the identity of which was confirmed by the writer’s
comparison of females with Coquillett’s holotype in the U. S.
National Museum. The U. S. National Museum collection of
the fulvus group was also utilized.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify these names and to
make known the adult and fourth-instar larval characters of
topotypic bimaculatus, as well as those of fulvus and its new
subspecies from the United States.

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) bimaculatus (Coquillett).
(Figures 2 and 3.)

Culex bimaculatus Coquillett, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25:84; Dyar,
1903, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 5:147.

Aedes bimaculatus (Coquillett), Howard, Dyar, and Knab, 1917, Mosq. No.
and Cent. Amer., and W. I., 4:622 (ex parte)

Ochlerotatus bimaculatus (Coquillett), 1906, U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent.,
Mech. Ser. 11, p. 18.

Aedes (Heteronycha) bimaculatus (Coquillett), Dyar, 1920, Ins. Insc.
Mens. 8:105 (list); Dyar, 1920, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:48 (ex parte).

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) bimaculatus (Coquillett), Vargas, 1940, Rev. Soc.
Mex. Hist. Nat., 1:104, figs.

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulous (Wiedemann), Dyar, 1922, Ins. Insc. Mens.,
10:158 (in error); Dyar, 1928, Mosq. Amer., p. 154 (in error).

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) rozeboomi Vargas, 1941, Gaceta Medica de Mexico
69:393 (Type locality: Campeche, Mexico) (new synonym).

" The writer is indebted to Alan Stone, H. R. Roberts, W. C. Reeves,
and FE. B. Johnson for valuable assistance and loans of specimens,

144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

Male.—Head integument yellow; recumbent scales of occiput golden,
erect scales and setae amber-yellow. Eyes black. Tori yellow, nude
except for a few minute hairs on inner sides; antennae brown, terminal
two segments black. Clypeus yellow, nude. Palpi elongate, slender;
scales golden on basal three segments except toward tip of third; terminal
two segments with muddy-yellow integument, scales smokey-black, erect
setae prominent and blackish-yellow. Proboscis entirely yellow-scaled
only in basal half, with an increasing mixture of blackish scales distad,
entirely black at apex, labellum black.

© a oe

(XTeo= ==

1 FULVUS PALLENS 2 BIMACULATUS

Figure 1, Male terminalia of 4edes fulvus pallens n. subsp., holotype with
side view of claspette. Figure 2, Male terminalia of dedes bimaculatus
(Coq.), topotype, with side view of claspette. Explanation of symbols:
(A-t) apical lobe, (B-L) basal lobe, (Bs) basistyle, (Ds) dististyle, (IXT)
ninth tergite, (IXT-1) lobe of IXT, (IXS) ninth sternite, (PH) phallo-

some, (Ppr) paraproct.

Thorax with integument (except mesonotal spots) lemon-yellow through-
out, slightly darker in mid-dorsal line of mesonotum; scutellum blackish.
Mesonotum with two conspicuous ebony-black spots sub-basally, the
margins rounded, uninterrupted, abrupt; clothed with a mixture of golden
and piceous recumbent hairs except over the black spots where these hairs
are all black; erect setae amber-yellow. Pleural integument immaculate
yellow; scales of prealar area and upper half of mesepimeron silver. Wings
with scales smokey-black, except at extreme base of costal veins where
they are yellow. Legs: coxae and trochanters with integument, scales,
and setae yellow. Femora of fore- and mid-legs yellow-scaled on outer
side with a mixture of blackish scales, somewhat concentrated medially;
hind femora with only yellow scales on outer side; apices of all femora with

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 145

an abrupt tip of black scales. Tibiae of fore- and mid-legs largely smokey-
black scaled on outer sides; apices shaggy, gradually darkened; hind tibiae
narrowly dark-scaled at base and broadly so at apex, some scales erect.
Fore-tarsi entirely dark; mid-tarsi dark except toward base of basal seg-
ment; hind tarsi dark scaled except at basal two-thirds of basal segment.

Abdomen with uniform, broad, golden-scales throughout venter and on
terminal half of dorsum; basal tergites increasingly mixed with black scales
until almost entirely black-scaled on segments I and II.

Male terminalia (fig. 2) as illustrated. Salient features: Basistyle (Bs)
stout; setae rather sparse, especially on venter; two very large, long,

AIR TUBE i
¢ ) —— } |

PECTEN TOOTH

ANAL

ANAL GILLS
ANTENNA

COMB SCALE

Figure 3, Aedes bimaculatus (Coq.), fourth instar larval characters,
Specimen from San Benito, Texas.

146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

apically curved setae arise subapically on venter; apical lobe (A-L) promi-
nent, rounded, setae prominent, evenly curved basad; basal lobe (B-1)
very conspicuous, half as long as basistyle, dark, very densely clothed
with slender hairs, dorsal spine absent. Claspette filament (from side)
rather slender, as figured.

Female: Very similar in coloration to male, except as follows: Proboscis
with darker scales extending farther basad; tarsi more nearly completely
dark; wings with more extensive gold scales on base of Cand Ry. Abdomen
with only a few dark scales on basal half of dorsum, almost completely
golden-scaled. All claws toothed except those of hind tarsi.

Larva (fourth instar) (fig. 3): Head as figured, antennae very short.
Prothorax with hairs 1 and 2 long, single; hair 3 fine, 2-branched; hair 4
finely 3-branched; hairs 5 and 6 long, single; hair 7 prominent, 3-branched
from base; hair 8 small, single; hairs 9-11 fine, single, arise from common
sclerite; hair 13 large, fan-shaped, many-branched. Mesothorax with hair
1 fine, single; hair 4 small, 4-branched at apical half; hair 3 finely 3-branched
from base; hair 4 finely 7-branched from base; hair 5 a single prominent
hair; hairs 6, 8, and 9 large multibranched, fan-shaped, hair 7 single; hair
13 small, multi-branched from base. Metathorax with hairs 8 and 9 fan-
shaped but only half as large as those of mesothorax. Abdomen: dorsal
lateral hairs (6) double on segments I and II, single on remaining seg-
ments; ventral hair of segment VI very conspicuous, rhizoid, many-
branched. Terminal segments as figured; comb scales oval; pecten teeth
extending just beyond ventral tuft of air tube, evenly spaced; lateral hair
of anal segment single.

Holotype: female, Brownsville, Texas, June 16 (C. H. T.
Townsend). Cat. No. 6259, U. S. National Museum.

Redescribed specimens: Male and female, from Brownsville,
Texas, September 27, 1942 (E. S. Ross and HR Roberts).

Other Specrmens examined: Texas—Brownsville, VIII-30-
16 (M. M. High), 22; Brownsville, VIII-25 (A. Price), 1 9);
Ft. Brown (Brownsville) VII-9-42, 89; Brownsville, V-17-—
42, (Reeves, Brookman, Fads) 1, 5 larvae; Palmetto State
Park, Luling, I[X—-15-42 (Roberts and Ross) 1 Q biting.
Mexico—San Blas, XI-O03 (A. Duges) 19. Ext Satvapor
—San Miguel, 1940, 1¢.

The male terminalia characters of bimaculatus are very dis-
tinctive and set the species well apart from fulvus. The larval
differences between bimaculatus and fulvus pallens, on the other
hand, are relatively slight. Adults of both sexes of these species
may be separated as follows: fulyvus has apical triangular areas
of black scales on all abdominal tergites, thoracic pleura with
at least one black integumental spot (fulvus pallens) or two
longitudinal black stripes (fulous fulous); bimaculatus, with
scarcely any black scales on tergites except toward base of
abdomen, thoracic pleura yellow—no integumental maculation,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 147

It is apparent, thanks to his clear photographs of the male
terminalia, that Vargas (1940) correctly identified specimens
from Campeche, Mexico, as bimaculatus. Later (1941), how-
ever, perhaps noting the published terminalia figures of speci-
mens incorrectly identified as bimaculatus, he concluded that
his specimens represented a new species which he named roze-
boomt. ‘This name must now become a synonom of bimaculatus.

Little is known of the biology of bimaculatus. W.C. Reeves
(in lit.) collected larvae of the species in a roadside ditch near
San Benito, Texas, May 11, 1942. He noted a remarkable
appearance in the larva; the head and only the sixth and seventh
abdominal segments being dark, the remainder of the body being
transparent and exhibiting the internal organs. He reared
males from these larvae which proved to be bimaculatus. On
September 27, 1942, near Brownsville, Lt. H. R. Roberts and the
writer collected a large series of adults and pupae of the species.
The adults, many recently emerged, were resting on grass
growing in and around large, clear, semi-permanent roadside
pools which had apparently been fed by flood water from the
Rio Grande River. Although a careful search was made, no
larvae of the species were taken. ‘The fact that only pupae and
adults were present in abundance during such a limited period
indicated a simultaneous development perhaps resulting from
the eggs of a previous generation being flooded all at the same
time. If such a non-continuous breeding is the rule, it would
explain the infrequency with which the species is collected.
Many other mosquitoes were found breeding in these puddles,
as follows: Anopheles quadrimaculatus, pseudopunctipennis,
albimanus; Psorophora ciliata, confinnis, discolor, signipennis,;
Culex erraticus. ‘The species is attracted to light and bites
man at night.

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus fulvus (Wiedemann).’?

Culex fulous Wiedemann, 1828, Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., 1:546.
Culex ochripes Maquart, 1850, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. 4, part 1, p. 315.
Culex flavicosta Walker, 1856, Ins. Saund. p. 431.

The writer has before him the fulyvus material in the U. S.
National Museum from many localities in Central and South
America. Representatives from Panama are described as
follows:

Male.—Head integument and recumbent scales pale yellow, erect scales
setae golden-yellow. Eyes black. Tori large, orange, naked except for a
few fine brown hairs on inner sides; clypeus naked, yellow. Palpi longer
than proboscis; first segment with integument brown; second segment with
integument brown at extreme base only, clothed with golden scales except

* The extensive bibliography of this species is not included, but its
synonyms are listed, gr

148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

over dark base and extreme apex where the scales are smokey-black; third
segment golden scaled except at extremities, greatly expanded in distal
fourth, roughened ventrally and clothed with long golden hairs, two large
bristles on dorsal apex; fourth segment dark scaled at basal and distal
thirds, partially golden medially, densely clothed ventrally with long
golden hairs, terminal segment slender, entirely clothed with shaggy black
scales, sparse long black bristles dorsally, and dense long hairs ventrally.
Proboscis entirely clothed with golden scales except at extreme apex where
it is black.

Thorax with mesonotal integument lemon-yellow except for the subbasal
spots; each spot is transversely divided medially by a yellow area, the
spots are brownish-black with blending margins; clothed with bright
golden recumbent hairs; except over and mesad of spots where these hairs
are black. Pleural integument lemon-yellow with two longitudinal
brownish-black bands, one extending caudad from side of anterior promon-
tory of mesonotum to prealar sclerite, the lower band crossing middle of
sternopleural sclerite and covering lower half of mesepimeron. The upper
half of the latter sclerite and the prealar area are clothed with broad
flattened silver scales. Wings with scales of C, Sc and Ri golden, other
scales yellowish-brown. Legs: coxae and trochanters lemon-yellow;
femora with all scales yellow, except for those forming abrupt black tip;
tibiae largely yellow-scaled except at extremities, scales rather uplifted;
fore-tarsi largely yellow-scaled, except at tips of terminal segments; mid-
and hind-tarsi with terminal four segments black-scaled, basal segment
yellow-scaled except at extreme base and at terminal fourth.

Abdomen golden-scaled beneath and on dorsum except for triangular
apical areas of black scales.

Male terminalia without significant differences from that described later
for fulous pallens (fig. 1).

Female.—Very similar in coloration and vestiture to male. The palpi
are black-scaled at the apical third. Wings with scales of C, Sc and R,
golden except at terminal fourth of wing. Abdomen with dark-scaled areas
of tergites covering apical half, somewhat produced forward medially.
All claws toothed except those of hind tarsus.

Holotype: Female, deposited in Frankfurter Museum. Type
locality: “‘Brasilien.”’

Distribution Widespread in the Neotropical Region. The
writer has examined specimens in the U. S. National Museum
from Panama Canal Zone, Panama, Trinidad, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus pallens, new subspecies.
(Figures 1 and 4.)
This name is proposed for the “‘bimaculatus”’ of the southeast-

ern United States which has been long misidentified as either
Aedes bimaculatus (Coquillett) or Aedes fulous (Wiedemann),

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 149

Holotype male: Similar to fulvus from Panama but differing in the follow-
ing details: Palpi with terminal dark scales paler, ventral vestiture of long
golden hair of terminal segments almost absent on distal segment, this
segment clothed on all sides with long brownish hairs. Thorax with
mesonotal spots not divided, darker brown in color, rather abruptly limited
in outline; pleurae almost entirely immaculate, only one small, inconspicu-
ous brown spot below the mesothoracic spiracle. Abdomen with dorsal
triangles of dark scales smaller in size.

Terminalia (fig. 1): Without significant differences from that of typical

AIR TUBE

C=

PECTEN TOOTH

COMB SCALE

ANAL GILLS

ANTENNA

Figureg4, Aedes fulvus pallens n. subsp. fourth instar larval characters,
Specimen from Bienville Parish, Louisiana,

150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

fulous. Salient characters: basistyle (Bs) rather slender; elongate, setae
very dense distally on dorsal surface and along inner margin of venter,
apical lobe (A-L) small, setae inconspicuous; basal lobe (B-1) small,
somewhat flattened, spines short, directed mesad, arising from prominent
sockets, with a conspicuous dorsal spine crossing its surface which is
minutely barbed at tip; claspette filament (from side) broad, blade-shaped.

Allotype female: Similar to male in coloration but with black scales of
abdominal tergites more restricted to apical margin (other specimens
have the normal dark fulvus-like tergites.)

Larva (fourth instar) with important characters as illustrated (fig. 4).

Holotype: Male (terminalia on slide), and allotype female,
New Orleans, Louisiana, September 10, 1914 (W. V. King)
deposited in the U. S. National Museum.

Specimens examined.—Louts1ana—Baton Rouge (Dupree)
2 larvae; Baton Rouge, [X—02 (H. A. Morgan), 1 female; Baton
Rouge, X—16—02, 1 male; New Orleans, [X—24 02 (G. E. Beyer),
1 female; New Orleans, [X—10-14 (W. V. King) 1 female, 2
larvae; same data, X—2-14, 1 female; Bienville Parish, VI-12—39
(E. B. Johnson) 3 larvae, 2 terminalia; Leesville, VII-42 (R. W.
Bunn), 2 males; Mississtpp1i—Belzona, VIII-4-04 (H. S.
Barber), 1 female; Natchez, VI-9-10 (A. Fleming), 1 female.
SoutH CaroL_ina—Georgetown, IX—20-33 (C. C. C. Survey)
3 females. Marytanp—Shadey Grove, VI-30-34 (C. C. C.
Survey), 1 female. ‘The subspecies has also been recorded from
many localities of almost all of the southeastern states—usually
as bimaculatus.

Because of the lack of apparent terminalia differences between
the United States series and that from Panama, and because
the more superficial characters such as color and vestiture are
relatively slight, though constant, the United States series is
placed as a subspecies of fulvus. Pallens can be separated at
once from typical fulvus by the almost complete absence of
pleural maculation of the thorax and by the greater develop-
ment of the mesothoracic spots. Bimaculatus is readily dis-
tinguished from both by the darker, ebony-black mesothoracic
spots, absence of any pleural maculation, darker wings, and legs,
abdomen with tergites almost entirely golden-scaled, and the
terminalia characters so distinct that they can be seen under a
low power binocular microscope without preparation.

Barret (1919) has given a few details regarding the biology of
this subspecies. He reported the larvae occurring in fairly
large numbers in a semi-permanent sink-hole of muddy water
following heavy rains, July, 1916, at Charlotte, North Carolina.
The larvae rested nearly parallel to the surface and were dark
brown in color. ‘This latter point is of interest as a possible
further point of differentiation of larvae of this species from
bimaculatus which has partially colorless larvae. King (1942)
reports the females to be severe biters.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 151

Attempts have been made, using terminalia characters, to
show that more than one species of the fudvus group occurs
within the range of pallens. ‘The writer feels that the characters
used are either within the range of variation of the subspecies
or due to distortions resulting from slide preparation.

LITERATURE CITED.

Barret, H. P., 1919, Observation on the life history of Aedes bimaculatus
Coq. (Diptera, Culicidae) Ins. Insc. Mens., 7:63—64.

Vargas, L., 1940, Aedes bimaculatus Coquillett, 1904, del Estado de Cam-
peche, Mexico. Description de Macho. Rev. Soc. Mex. Hist. Nat.,
1:103-107, figs.

——— 1941, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) rozeboomi nueva especie (Dipt. Culicidae).
Gaceta Medica de Mexico 69:393-395.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THYSANOPTERA FROM NEW
ZEALAND (Family Thripidae)

By J. C. Crawrorp,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture

In this paper there is described another of the interesting
forms sent by Donald Spiller for determination. The species
is dedicated to him for his efforts in collecting Thysanoptera
with full and exact data in a region from which previously
almost nothing was known.

OTHINANAPHOTHRIPS, new genus.

Belongs to the Anaphothripini; antenna distinctly 9-segmented, with seg-
ments 7—9 forming a style; body not strongly reticulated; trichomes on seg-
ments 3 and 4 forked; eee’ in macropterous form fully developed; prothorax
without any long setae; comb on tergum VIII complete, of simple spines; fore
vein of anterior wing with an irregular row of setae on its entire length, hind
vein with many setae; sterna of male with peculiar glandular areas (fig. 1, C);
armature of apical segments of male also peculiar.

Type, Othinanaphothrips spilleri, new species.

To this genus must also be assigned Hemianaphothrips tersus
Morison.

This genus differs from Hemianaphothrips Priesner in having
the anterior vein of the forewing completely (though irregu-
larly) spined and the comb on tergum VIII not medially made
up of plates apically drawn out into 1-4 spines, in possessing

152 PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

fully developed ocelli in the macropterous form, and in the male
being equipped with peculiarly shaped sternal glandular areas
as well as the unusual armature of the apical segments.

Othinanaphothrips spilleri, new species.

Female (holotype).—Length (slightly distended) 1.35 mm. When viewed
by reflected light, head and abdomen light straw color, thorax strongly orange;
extreme base of head and tergum | faintly orange; the following marks brown:
A narrow band along occipital carina, a triangular spot (rather faint in some
specimens) on each side of extreme base of head, with the base of the mark
caudad; an irregular longitudinal stripe on each side of median line of metano-
tum, these fading out posteriorly on metapostscutellum; tergum | faintly marked
medially, terga II-VIII each with an irregularly semicircular mark medially
on basal margin, that on II extending about two-thirds of the distance across
tergum and about three-fourths of the distance from base to apex; marks on
following terga successively decreasing in size with that on VIJI minute; on each
side of these median marks a small round spot on terga II-VIJ, that on II more
or less connected with the median mark; antennae mostly brownish black; legs
slightly deeper yellow than abdomen; by transmitted light, head yellow, dark-
ened posteriorly, ocellar crescents bright red; antenna (fig. 1, B) I pale yellow,
II dark brown, III lighter brown, with base and pedicel pale yellow, IV-IX
very dark brown, with bases of IV and V distinctly lighter; thorax brownish red,
with more brown laterally, the rest of the insect light yellow with a faint grayish-
orange tinge, except for the markings enumerated above, these appearing lighter
than when viewed by reflected light; forewing (fig. 1, A) brown, lighter at base
(except anal lobe) and apex, and between the 2 longitudinal veins, with a darker
stripe along basal half of fore vein (interrupted somewhat beyond anal lobe);

Fig. 1.—Othinanaphothrips spilleri: A, anterior wing of female paratype; B,
right antenna of female paratype, with most bristles omitted; C, ven-
tral gland of sternum 5 of male, dorsal view. (Drawings made by

Mrs. Mary F. Benson.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 nS3

wing bristles and fringes brownish; lateral marginal abdominal bristles pale
brownish, on apical segments distinctly brown.

Head wider than long, with width across eyes and across cheeks equal, cheeks
gently curved, narrowed to eyes, head back of eyes with a few transverse
anastomosing lines so strong that the cheeks in outline appear serrate; anteo-_
cellar, interocellar, and postocular bristles short, subequal, almost colorless;
tennal segments III—VI pedicellate.

Pronotum about as long as wide, sides slightly divergent posteriorly, posterior
margin with 4-5 pairs of brown bristles, these slightly stronger and longer than
the discal bristles; laterad of these bristles on each side a pair of shorter, almost
colorless bristles; median pair of bristles on metanotum remote from base; costa
of forewing with about 31 bristles, fore vein with 15-17 bristles (usually 15)
arranged in a basal group of 4 (exceptionally 5), then a group of 3 or 4, the bristles
of both groups closely spaced, then a series of (usually) 6 more widely spaced
bristles, then 2 bristles that are still more widely spaced and more widely set off
{rom the previous series; the series of 6 evenly spaced, or, if 1 or more are missing,
more widely and unevenly set; hind vein with about 20 evenly spaced bristles
or about 17 when the line is somewhat interrupted; anal lobe with 7 (or 8)
brown and 2 long, colorless bristles; bristles on veins short.

Abdomen with very faint transverse anastomosing lines which laterad become
more distinct and subreticulate; comb on tergum VIII complete, of about 46
teeth.

Measurements (in microns): Head, total length 116, greatest width 140;
prothorax, median length 136, greatest width 140; bristles on wing vein, medially
20; bristles on tergum IX, median pair 76, intermediate pair 72, lateral pair 80;
bristles on tergum X, inner pair 88, outer pair 84; ovipositor 216.

Antenna: 1 2 3 4 5 6 i 8 9
Length, 24 36 49 44 40 40 14 10 16

Male (allotype).—Length (distended) 1.28 mm. Similar to the female but
lighter in color, the antenna much paler, having segment I whitish, II and III
light yellow, IV yellow with the apex gray, V yellow, brownish gray in apical
half, VI-LX brownish gray, with VI much lighter in basal half, where it is yellow,
only slightly tinged with gray; armature of abdominal segments IX and X essen-
tially as figured by Morison in the original description of his tersus,1 but the
ventral glandular areas under high power appearing as shown in figure 1, C.

Type locality—Auckland, New Zealand.

Host—Tobacco.

Type.—United States National Museum No. 56601.

Described from 6 female and 3 male specimens taken July 14,
1941, in a greenhouse, by Donald Spiller.

Differs from the Australian Othinanaphothrips tersus Morison
in the greater number of spines on the anal lobe, in having
lateral gray marks on the head instead of a median mark, in
the forewing not being uniformly colored and in the antenna
being much darker in color, as well as many other small
differences.

> bulk Ent. Res. 21; 10; fig: 1, 1930:

154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

THE FIRST RECORD OF LEPTOTHORAX, SUBGENUS GONIO-
THORAX EMERY, IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

By Marion R. Smiru,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture.

Previous to the finding of a new species of Leptothorax (Gonto-
thorax) at Brownsville, Tex., by Mrs. Wilda S. Ross, no species
of this subgenus was known to occur in the United States,
although Goniothorax is well represented in South America,
Central America, and to some extent in Mexico. ‘The United
States now contains 4 of the 5 subgenera of Leptothorax recog-
nized by Emery, 1922.1. L. (Leptothorax) is the largest, with 21
species, 6 subspecies, and 7 varieties, one or more of which are
present in every State of the Union; L. (Mychothorax), the second
largest, has 5 species, 5 subspecies, and 6 varieties, which are
distributed over the northern half of the United States, especially
in the extreme north and northwest; L. (Dichothorax), with 1
species, 2 subspecies, and 1 variety, is more typically southern,
occurring from Florida to Virginia and westward at least to
Iowa and Texas. It is unlikely that any form of Temnothorax
will be found in the United States, as members of this subgenus
are native to the region around the Mediterranean.

The worker of the Gontothorax here described is easily dis-
tinguished from the workers of the other subgenera by the very
sharp humeral angles of the pronotum, the tubercles on the side
of the thorax, which give a very irregular outline to this region,
the prominent spines or tubercles of the petiole and postpetiole,
and the peculiar obtuse or clubbed hairs. Since Emery’s
characterizations of the various castes of Gontothorax are not
readily available to all formicologists, they are presented here-
with, along with the synonymy of the subgenus, the citation of
the subgenotype, and the general distribution of the group.

Leptothorax, subgenus Goniothorax Emery.

Leptothorax, subgenus Goniothorax Emery, 1896, Soc. Ent. Ital. Bol. 28:58;
1915, Portici R. Scuola. Super. di Agr. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. Bol. 10:
24.

Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 28: 259.

Leptothorax, subgenus Caulomyrma Forel, 1914, Soc. Vaud. des Sci. Nat.
Bule503233*

Atopula Forel (part), 1915, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 58: 25.

Type of subgenus, Leptothorax vicinus Mayr (by designation of Wheeler,
LOU):

1 Genera Insectorum, Fascicule 174c: 248.

iti

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 155

W orker.—Antenna of 11 or 12 segments, including a club of 3 segments or,
exceptionally, without a well-defined club, the last 4 or 5 segments gradu-
ally becoming wider ‘and longer. Pronotum more or less distinctly shoul-
dered, the anterior angles well defined, often sharp, sometimes toothed.
Petiole and postpetiole variable, in some species adorned with numerous
points. Body hair obtuse or clubbed, barbed.

Female.—Pronotum shouldered as in worker, amply extended beyond
mesonotum, which is flattened. Anterior wing with a short, closed radial
cell, the discoidal cell absent.

Male.—Antenna with 12 or 13 segments, without a distinct club; scape
at least one-fourth as long as the funiculus. Pronotum shouldered, dis-
tinctly extended beyond mesonotum. Wing as in female.

Geographic Distribution.—Central America, South America, Africa,
Madagascar, and Sumatra.

Leptothorax (Goniothorax) wilda, new species.
W orker.—Length 2.5 mm.

Head, excluding mandibles, approximately one and one-sixth times as
long as broad, with straight posterior border and feebly convex sides;
narrowest anteriorly; area between inner margin of eye and frontal region
impressed, causing the frontal region to appear elevated above the adja-
cent surfaces. Eye prominent, moderately convex, placed approximately
its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Anterior border of clypeus
extended as a broad, straight, or feebly rounded, median lobe. Antenna
1l-segmented; scape moderately robust, extending approximately one-half
distance between hind margin of eye and posterior border of head; last 3
segments of funiculus forming a rather distinct club, the last segment
of which is longer than the combined length of the 3 preceding segments,
Thorax, from above, with acute humeral angles; a very distinct boundary
extending from side to side between humeral angles and delimiting pronotal
collar from rest of pronotum; distance between humeral angles approxi-
mately twice that between apices of epinotal spines. Not including the
humeral angle and the epinotal spine there are on each side of the thorax 3
distinct protuberances or tubercles; the most anterior of these marks the
approximate junction of the prothorax and mesothorax, the second and
larger lies in the mesothorax only a slight distance posterior to the first,
and the third tubercle is situated anterior to the epinotal spine at a distance
approximately equivalent to the length of the spine. Dorsum of thorax
without promesonotal and mesoepinotal sutures. Epinotal spines short,
not so long as space between their apices, apex of each spine directed
posterolaterad and also very slightly dorsad. Borders of petiolar node,
viewed from above, forming a subtrapezoid; posterior border of node
bearing 4 distinct spines, anteromesad of which there is a pair of similar
shape and still another pair anteromesad of the first-mentioned pair,
thus making a total of 8 spines on the petiole excluding the angle formed
on each side by the junction of the petiolar node with its peduncle. Post-

156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

petiolar node broader than petiolar node, approximately one and one-half
times as broad as long, convex anteroposteriorly, each side bearing a pair
of small spines. Gaster with distinct basal angles.

Hairs yellowish, suberect or erect, sparsely distributed over dorsum of
body but lacking on appendages and also on impressed areas of head; hairs
on head and thorax short, subclavate, those on gaster longer and less
clavate.

Head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole subopaque, with an alveolaceous-
rugulose sculpture in which the rugulae often tend to become reticulate,
especially on the nodes of the petiole and postpetiole.

Color a sordid yellow or pale yellow, eyes black, mandibular teeth
brownish.

Female.—Length 4 mm.

Differing from the worker principally in the following particulars:
Larger size, subrectangular head, and shape of thorax, which not only is
larger and more robust but lacks the anterior and median tubercles on each
side. The female also possesses only a pair of very short, blunt tubercles
instead of spines. The sculpturing on the head and mesonotum is coarser,
with more distinct longitudinal rugulae.

Type locality.—Palm (Sabal texana Becc.) grove 5 miles south of Browns-
ville, Tex.

Other locality.—Harlingen, Tex., October 24, 1942, Wm. F. Buren.
From a dead twig on a tree.

Holotype.—United States National Museum No. 56577.

Twenty-nine paratype workers and one female; two workers each in the
American Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, and the California Academy of Sciences.

These ants were collected by Mrs. Wilda S. Ross at the type locality
on September 28, 1942, while they were crawling on vines in an area
subject to overflow by the Rio Grande. Typical vegetation of this area
is the large palmetto, Sabal texana Becc.; hackberry, Celtis misstssippiensis
Bosc.; snow-on-the-mountain, Dichrophyllum marginatum Pursh; sugar
berry, Ehretia elliptica DC.; dogwood, Cornus asperifolia Michx.; and the
vine Clematis drummondii Torr. and Gray.

Paratypes range in length from approximately 2 to 2.5 mm. The head
of some workers is longer (subrectangular) than that of the holotype. The
spines, which occupy the same relative positions on the petiole and post-
petiole of different individuals, are often variable in size; furthermore,
the anterior pair on the postpetiole is sometimes missing.

The worker of the new species superficially resembles the worker of
Leptothorax (Goniothorax) echinatinodis spininodis Mayr of Brazil. It
can be distinguished from the worker of that subspecies by its shorter
antennal scape, the presence of the impressed areas on the head lying
between the eyes and the frontal region, the less rugulose sculpture of the
thorax, longer postpetiolar node in proportion to the postpetiolar breadth,
lack of distinct sculpture on the base of the first gastric segment, shorter
and more clavate hairs, and lighter color.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 157

MINUTES OF THE 536TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, APRIL 1, 1943

The 536th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
April 1, 1943, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Harned
was in the chair and 38 members and 32 visitors were present. The minutes
of the previous meeting were approved as read.

The following were elected to membership in the Society by a unanimous
ballot:

Mr. H. Elishewitz, U. S. Naval Medical Research Station,
Bethesda, Maryland.

Mrs. Juliet H. Carrington, Division of Insect Identification,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Miss Ina L. Hawes, Library, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The first paper on the regular program was entitled: Entomology in
Great Britain during War Time, by Prof. P. A. Buxton, London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London).

Professor Buxton spoke briefly on the effect of the war on scientists in
general and on entomologists in particular. He pointed out that it is often
difficult for a pure scientist to turn suddenly to applied science without a
period of readjustment. However problems of applied science often may
be broken up and those parts which can be handled by pure scientists
turned over to them. Some of the projects, to which attention is being
given, were mentioned. The populations of wireworms must be con-
sidered in recommendations to convert sod land to the growing of crops.
Methods have been worked out which give an accurate estimate of the
number present in a given area. A constant watch is made for the presence
of the Colorado potato beetle. Prof. Buxton described the methods used
in instructing officers and men in the army in the control of malaria. He
remarked, in closing, that the Entomological Society of London has not
missed any regular meetings, in spite of the war. The meetings have been
held in the afternoons in order to avoid the inconveniences which may
develop, in the evenings, during a blackout. (Secretary’s abstract).
Questions and comments followed by Bishopp and Packard.

The second paper, entitled: The Allocation of Insecticides under War-
Time Conditions, was presented by S. A. Rohwer, Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine.

Many materials used in the manufacture of insecticides are scarce or are
needed for direct war use. To conserve and provide for essential uses,

within the limit of supplies, procedures have been established to allocate

158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

and control their distribution. It is not practicable to ration insecticides.
Insect pests are not uniformly distributed or regular in occurrence. Many
occur in outbreak numbers only sporadically. To ration supplies of in-
secticides would not provide an effective way of controlling these pests.

Scarce materials used in the manufacture of insecticides may be grouped
into three general categories: (a) Those such as hydrocarbon solvents where
the amount used is only a minor part of the total supply; (b) those such as
arsenic where insecticidal uses are established and require an important
part of the total supply; and (c) those such as rotenone and pyrethrum
where the primary or sole use of the entire supply is as insecticides. Ma-
terials needed for the war effort, the supplies of which are limited, are
controlled by orders issued by the War Production Board. The Food
Administrator and the Department of Agriculture are primary claimant
agencies for supplies of materials needed in the manufacture of insecticides
needed to control pests affecting agriculture and injuring food, fiber, and
similar essential supplies. Where appreciable amounts of the total supply
are needed for insecticides they advise the War Production Board how they
should be allocated to assure the best use in aiding farmers and users to
produce and protect supplies needed in the war effort. At their request
the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine has prepared statements
listing the major uses of important insecticides. ‘These uses are arranged
on a priority basis considering (a) the importance of the product (crop,
livestock, etc.) for food, fiber, and other essential purposes; (b) the import-
ance of the pest in the production or protection of the product; and (c) the
availability of substitute materials that could be used to control the pest.
These lists have been used as a basis of determinations made by those
responsible for prescribing permitted uses set forth in various orders.

The administration of these orders involves consideration of technical
questions, both entomological and chemical. The Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine has, when requested, supplied information on such
matters to those responsible for administering the orders. To aid them,
maps have been prepared showing major growing areas where pests occur
as well as statements giving information when the insecticides should be
made available, the estimated quantity required, and the form that is most
suitable for control.

To aid it to comply with these requests for information the Bureau has
sought and received the assistance of cooperating State agencies, industry,
and others having information in reference to insecticides.

Entomologists are greatly concerned in seeing that supplies of insecticides

are on hand in the required amounts as needs arise in various areas where

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 159

pests occur. To help industry to distribute the insecticides to areas where
they are needed and to advise those responsible for controlling supplies,
the Bureau endeavors to provide up-to-date information on the seasonal
occurrence of pests in various areas. (Author’s abstract). Comments
followed by Hamilton and Buxton.

The third paper was entitled: Insect Control in Victory Gardens, by
W. H. White, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. White referred to the National Victory Garden Program, which had
its inception at the National Defense Gardening Conference, held in
Washington, D. C., December 19-20, 1941, and which was sponsored by
the Department of Agriculture.

Attention was directed to the losses in food caused by cabbage cater-
pillars, wherein experimental work had shown that, on a per capita basis,
the loss in the productivity of one acre of cabbage was sufficient to supply
148 persons for one year. Likewise, losses caused by the tomato fruitworm
in California, computed on the same basis, would supply 125 persons with
canned tomatoes for one year.

It was pointed out that minor injuries, such as scarification of plant
tissue and minor plant feeding on the leaves and stems, and insect-borne
diseases which are frequently overlooked by the inexperienced gardener,
often reduce crop yields, and, in our efforts to produce abundant food
supplies during the war period, such injury should be guarded against.

The difference in the entomological problems of today’s Victory Gardener
and those of the Liberty Gardener of the first World War, were discussed.
These differences are due primarily to the emphasis which has been placed
on the production of leafy vegetables because of their high value as a
source of vitamins—not generally recognized in 1918. Incidentally, the
World War | gardener was not troubled, in the Eastern States, by the
Mexican bean beetle, since it was not until 1920 that this insect was found
damaging beans in the Birmingham, Ala., area. Since that time it has
spread over the States east of the Mississippi River and to the North to the
Great Lakes and northeastward to Maine. Over most of the area it is an
annual pest, and constitutes a problem which the modern Victory Gardener
must confront.

The handicap imposed on the Victory gardener by the shortage of
rotenone and pyrethrum was emphasized, and Mr. White pointed out the
restrictions on the use of these materials imposed by the War Production
Board Order M-133 amended Jan. 23, 1943. The value of pyrethrum as
a garden insecticide was discussed, and reference was made to the utiliza-

tion of this material in comparison with rotenone, and also with regard

160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

to its specificity for the control of pests of the leafhopper group. Pyre-
thrum supplies are likely to be inadequate to the needs of the Victory
Gardener, at least during the season of 1943. The restrictions on the use
of rotenone and the inadequate supply of pyrethrum will increase the diffi-
culties of the Victory Gardener in the control of insects on leafy vegetables
and beans, since these materials may be used without incurring a harmful
residue hazard, whereas this hazard is an important factor in the use of
inorganic poisons on leafy vegetables in order to avoid the residue hazard
was stressed by Mr. White.

Mention was also made of the use of cryolite as a substitute for arsenicals
and the use of sodium fluosilicate in poison baits for cutworms. Mr.
White emphasized that it is not necessary to use molasses (a scarce material)
in the poison bait for cutworms.

Hand-picking of some insects was advocated, and the protection of
transplants from cutworms by the use of paper collars was recommended.

Several slides were shown, as a supplement to Mr. White’s discussion.
(Author’s abstract.) Mr. White’s talk was commented on by Elishewitz
and St. George.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: R. Cortes, Melvin
Goldberg, John Rodda, A. G. Biggam, Lt. Col. T. T. Mackie, C. C. Hamil-
ton, Capt. L: $. West, Capt. A. L. Shafton, and Lt. N. Tischler:

Adjournment at 10:05 P. M.
W. H. ANnpeErRson,

Recording Secretary.

MINUTES OF THE 537TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
MAY 6, 1943

The 537th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
May 6, 1943, in Room 43 of the National Museum. Vice-President Annand
presided and 25 members and 14 visitors attended. The minutes of the
previous meeting were approved as read.

Mr. John F. Curry, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Cali-
fornia State Department of Agriculture, was unanimously elected to
membership in the Society.

The publication of Memoir Number 2 of the Society was announced by
the Recording Secretary. The Memoir is entitled: A Classification of
Larvae and Adults of the Genus Phyllophaga, written by Adam G,
Boéving.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 161

E. N. Cory exhibited a list of the entomologists who are in military
service. The list is being maintained by the American Association of
Economic Entomologists and an attempt is being made to have the list
complete, and to have the latest mailing address of each of the men in
service. Dr. Cory asked for corrections and additions to the lists.

The first paper on the regular program was presented by Dr. E. N. Cory,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. Dr. Cory spoke on
the subject: Organization for Insect Control in Maryland.

Under normal conditions the dissemination of timely information to
farmers on the control of insect pests is much simpler than at present.
With the man-power, gasoline and rubber shortages modifications of the
usual practices must be employed. In certain counties in Maryland
observation stations have been set up. The personnel of the station is
is largely reliable young people of school age who collect the data on the
development of certain insect pests. So far the observers have received
sufficient, proper instruction to make them competent to collect data on
the strawberry weevil. Stations have been designated, in several counties,
for the pea aphid and the corn ear-worm in addition to the strawberry
weevil. The observations are submitted to a coordinator, in most cases
the science teacher in the school, who sends them in, each Tuesday, to Dr.
Langford at College Park. Dr. Langford extracts the essential informa-
tion which is turned over to the control service editor. The latter prepares
a news release that goes out by Saturday morning to the County Agent who
is responsible for seeing that the information appears in the local news-
papers in the county. ‘The news releases are prepared in such a way as to
indicate that the recommendations come from the County Agent. The
names of observers and farmers responsible for obtaining the information
are indicated in the news items. This practice helps to insure reading of
the article and cultivates an interest in the organization.

All members on the staff of the Department of Entomology at the Uni-
versity of Maryland are cooperating in the program. They prepare
questionnaire sheets with accompanying directions, assist in the field train-
ing of individuals who make records, and supply factual-data on pests.

The scope of the program and the territory to be covered are to be
limited this year in order that proper procedures can be established. Only
the major crops and their principal pests will be taken into consideration
at present. Observations on, and recommendations for the contro! of,
the following pests are planned: corn earworm, Mexican bean beetle, cut-

worms, flea beetles, pea aphid, melon aphid, European corn borer, Japanese

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943

beetle, Colorado potato beetle, codling moth, plum curculio, cabbage worms,
fall army worm and possibly poultry pests.

Dr. Cory’s talk was supplemented by lantern slides which showed the
organization of the program and the logical manner in which the informa-
tion is to be gathered and recommendations disseminated. (Secretary’s
abstract.)

The talk was followed by questions and comments by Annand and
Rohwer.

The second paper on the regular program was entitled: The Feeding
Apparatus of Biting and Disease-Carrying Flies, presented by R. E.
Snodgrass, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

A review was given of the structure, homologies, and what is known of
the mechanism of the feeding apparatus of biting flies, including species
that are known, or are suspected on circumstantial evidence, of being vectors
of disease agents. Representatives of the following groups were discussed
and illustrated with slides: mosquitoes, sand flies (Flebotomus), biting
midges (Culicoides), black flies (Simulium), horse flies, snipe flies,
robber flies, biting muscoid flies (tsetse flies, horn flies, stable flies), louse
flies (Hippoboscidae), and bat ‘“‘ticks’” (Streblidae and Nycteribudee
It was shown that an exact homology can be traced between the flies and
a cockroach in the basic structures of the head, the mouth parts and suck-
ing organs, but that among the flies different parts have been utilized by
the various biting species in the evolution of piercing and sucking mechan-
isms. (Author’s abstract.)

A question followed by Anderson.

Several visitors introduced themselves to the Society.

Adjournment at 9:45 P. M,

W. H. AnpDERsoN,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Fune 30, 1943.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘fA Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions...................... $3.00
Wo menibers Ortne Society ue Re es aa aR ee, $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus

of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
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CONTENTS

CRAWFORD, J. C.-A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THYSANOPTERA FRO
NEW ZEALAND (FAMILY THRIPIDAE)....02000 0 EMRE Coe tad 00's

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a 45 October, 1943 No. 7

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VOL. 45 OCTOBER, 1943 No7

A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ADOXOMYIA
(Diptera, Stratiomyidae)

By Maurice T. James

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

Since the publication of my review of this genus several years
ago, enough additional information has been accumulated to
warrant a revised treatment of it. In the present paper I am
also correcting a misplacement in the previously published key.

The genus Adoxomyia Kertész belongs primarily to the tem-
perate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The known fauna
includes, in addition to the 9 species treated in this paper, 15
from the Palaearctic region, 2 from India, 1 from Formosa, and
1 from tropical East Africa.

Some confusion has arisen regarding the proper use of this
name. It was first proposed by Kertész in 1907 for Clitellaria
of authors, not of Meigen; the same writer later (1923) sepa-
rated those species which have the antennae arising below the
middle of the head and the style long and slender, and dis-
tributed this latter group between two new genera, Haplephip-
pium and Euclitellaria, to the latter of which he referred all the
Nearctic species. Pleske (1925) synonymized the two genera
Adoxomyia and Euclitellaria, and Lindner (1938) has accepted
this synonymy. In my previous paper I| had first used Eucli-
tellaria in the manuscript, and later, after it was in the hands
of the editor, changed it to Adoxomyia. ‘This change was not
made on the cover of volume 11, no. 2, of the Pan-Pacific
Entomologist, and this accounts for the use of the name Eucli-
tellaria in that place.

In Curran’s “North American Diptera” Adoxomyia runs
clearly to Euclitellaria (p. 141, couplets 26 and 31); his illustra-
tions (figs. 30, 44, and 65, the last one designated as ‘“‘Euclitel-
laria subulata”’) show clearly that he had this genus in mind.
In this he was following Kertész. What Curran keys out to
Adoxomyia, however, can not be Adoxomyia Kertész, which,
like Euclitellaria, has densely pilose eyes. Adoxomyia of Cur-
ran’s manual is probably Dieuryneura James, a monotypic
Southwestern genus which readily traces to that point in the
key.

Nuv 6 ‘43

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

ADOXOMYIA Kertész

Adoxomyia Kertész, 1907, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 5: 499; 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat.
Hung., 20: 96-101; Pleske, 1925, Encycl. Ent., Dipt., 1: 109 (synonymy of
Euclitellaria); James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11: 62-64 (Nearctic species);
Lindner, 1938, Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 18, pp. 154-162
(Palaearctic species).

Clitellaria Auct., not Meigen, 1803.

Euclitellaria Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 20: 96-97, 101-107; Pleske,
l. c. (synonymy); Curran, 1934, North American Diptera, pp. 137, 138,
141, 142; Lindner, |. c. (synonymy, following Pleske).

Genotype, Clitellaria dahlii Meigen, by designation of Bezzi, 1908, Wien.
Ent. Zeitung, 27:75.

Generic characters —Antenna with ten segments, the last eight
fused into a flagellum and in some species apparently reduced,
so that there may appear to be less than eight; the terminal
segment more or less elongated and forming a style which may
vary from robust and segmentlike to slender and almost arista-
like in form; scape in length equal to or but slightly longer
than the pedicel, the latter never produced on the inner side so
as to encroach upon the flagellum; antennae, especially the basal
three segments of the flagellum, usually much stouter in the
female than in the male. Eyes densely pilose in both sexes,
broadly contiguous in the male. Prealar callus of the thorax
not spinelike. Scutellum broad, two-spined. Legs of usual
form, not especially elongated. Vein R, and cross-vein r-m
present; vein Cu, arising from the discal cell. Black, robust,
moderately pilose flies, of medium size.

Our species may be divided into two groups, based on the
structure of the antennae and front, and correlated with geo-
graphical distribution. ‘The one, known to occur only east of
the Rocky Mountains and including subulata (Loew) and texana
James, has the first three flagellar segments greatly thickened;
the apical segment is subequal in length to the three basal ones
combined, but is slender and sharply pointed; the subapical
one is also slender, but short, being but little longer than wide
and about one-fifth the length of the apical one; the three inter-
mediate segments, representing the tapering of the flagellum
from the thickened basal portion to the style, are rather strongly
fused, so that their individuality can scarcely be distinguished;
their combined length is but little greater than that of the
subapical segment (fig. 1). This type of antennal structure
approaches the Fuclitellaria type. ‘The front is rather sparsely
punctured and is narrow, its width at the vertex being about
one-fifth that of the head. In the other and characteristically
Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast group, including the remain-
ing species, the three basal segments are similarly thickened,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 165

but not so much so; the intermediate segments are proportion-
ately much longer and the transition from the thickened part
to the style is not so abrupt; the identity of these segments is
usually fairly clear, though the last one can be seen only when
viewed from the outer side; the subapical segment is as in the
first group; the apical segment is much shorter and thicker,
being at most two-thirds the combined length of the first three
(fig . 2, 3). This type of antennal structure represents a con-
dition intermediate between that of Fwclitellaria and that
illustrated by Kertész for the genotype of d4doxomyra (actually
A. schineri Lindner, = 4. dahli1 Kertész in part, not Meigen).
The front is rather densely punctured and wide, its width at the
vertex being nearly or fully one-third that of the head.

|. SUBULATA

2. LATA

Fig. 1. Adoxomyia subulata (Loew), left antenna, lateral view.

Fig. 2. Adoxomyia lata (Loew), right antenna, dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Adoxomyia subulata (Loew), left antenna, lateral view,
Drawings by Mrs. Sara H. DeBord,

166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

The following key includes all the known Nearctic species.
In preparing it I have examined types of all species, both valid
and synonyms, except that of Euparyphus niger Bigot, and that
species has been fully redescribed by Kertész. No Neotropical
species are known, except possibly Ephippirum fenestratum
Macquart. Though Kertész has stated that this species
belongs without doubt to Lucelitellaria, | have reason to question
his statement. It may be distinguished from the Nearctic
species by the hyaline discal cell which stands out in contrast
to the rest of the wing, a character possessed by Dicyphoma
schaeffert (Coq.), a species superficially resembling 4doxomyza.

Key ro THE Nearcrtic SPECIES

1. Legs, including tarsi, wholly black, or black except for the knees......... 2
Tarsi pale in large part, and contrasting with the black tibiae............ 6
2. Antennal flagellum red, at least on the basal segments................. 3
Antennal flagellum entirely black... 7.45 «seme sens ee eee 5

3. Wings pale brownish; pile of mesonotum, in male, either appressed or
in large part black, in female wholly appressed: ....... . =... eee eee 4

Wings uniformly hyaline; pile of mesonotum, in male, erect, entirely

pale; pleura with little or no black pile (female unknown)..........
claripennis James

4, Pleura predominantly black-pilose; mesonotum of male with abundant,

erect, black pile; venter black-pilose (reddish-brown, in certain

lights) onkthelbasalles cement sume ayia ene ee lata (Loew)
Thorax entirely pale-pilose; pile of mesonotum, in both sexes, ap-
pressed; venter entirely pale-pilose.p 4 aeame erie ae appressa James

5. Pleura and face of female black-pilose (male unknown).............
nigribarba James, n. sp.
Pleura of both sexes and face of female pale-pilose......... rustica (O. S.)
6. Style about one-third the length of the rest of the flagellum.............. 8
Style at least three-fourths the length of the rest of the flagellum......... “7
7. Wings with first three posterior, discal, and apices of basal cells dis-
tinctlyxclouded eine smmeeice Romer rn ea Loe eee subulata (Loew)
Wings slightly and uniformly infuscated.................. texana James
8. Flagellum of antenna with basal segments reddish; pile of face entirely
Silveteyanskeseseer sce ere eens ee ek oe argentata (Will.)
Flagellum of antenna entirely black; pile of face mixed black and

sg Ni eae ae ep See Al so ee a 2 albopilosa (Cresson)

THE LATA GROUP
Adoxomyia claripennis James

Adoxomyia claripennis James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11:62.

Type, male, Mustang Mts., Ariz.; in the Snow Entomological
Collection of the University of Kansas.

Distribution —Arizona: Mustang Mts. (type). Chiricahua
Mts., Ariz., 8,000-9,000 ft., July 3, 1927 (J. A. Kusche), 1 @.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 167

Adoxomyia lata (Loew)

Clitellaria lata Loew, 1872, Berliner Ent. Zeit., 16: 55 (Century x, 9); Williston,
1885.-Canad? Ent.; 172 127.

Euparyphus niger Bigot, 1879, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) 9: 204 (new syn-
onymy).

Euclitellaria lata (Loew) Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungary, 20: 97.

Euchitellaria nigra (Bigot) Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungary, 20: 97, 106.

Aochletus nigropilosus Cresson, 1919, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 71:
174 (new synonymy).

A relatively large species, usually 9 to 11 mm. in length, although some speci-
mens may be as small as6 mm. ‘The antennal flagellum is usually bright red
on its basal portion, though in some specimens, especially in males, it may be
darkened. Pile of eyes brownish black. Pleura largely black-pilose; face and
mesonotum of male also with erect black pile; female with dense erect and
appressed pale pile on the head, which may be silvery around the antennae, and
with dense, appressed, yellowish tomentum on the thorax, interrupted by three
longitudinal bands of blackish tomentum. Scutellar spines strong, divergent,
usually reddish or yellow, sometimes more or less blackish. Abdominal tomen-
tum black dorsally, with lateral spots of yellowish tomentum, those on segment
4 connected posteriorly; segment 5 yellow-tomentose; venter blackish-tomentose
basally, yellowish apically. Male genitalia small, yellow; the hypopygial
lamellae mostly soft haired, but with several stiff black hairs externally.

Types of lata, 2 # #, 1 9, California, in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology; of niger, 1 2, Bigot Collection; of nigropilosus,
1 ~, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The syn-
onomy of lata and nigropilosus was determined through a study
of the types. Bigot’s description of nzger is brief, but the rede-
scription by Kertesz leaves little doubt as to the identity of
the species.

Distribution—At lower elevations of western California,
Oregon, and Washington, from the region of Monterey Bay
northward. WasHInGToN: recorded by Williston (1885).
OreEGon: Corvallis, recorded by Cole and Lovett. Corvallis,
June 4, 1898 (Aldrich), 29? 9, June 30, 1941 (C. R. Ferguson),
Poeeand june Il, 1925. (Van Dyke), 59:9, 4a @. Cari
FORNIA: Pacific Grove, May 8, 1906 (Aldrich), 2 7 #; Bryson,
Monterey County, May 20, 1920 (Van Dyke), 1 ¢; Bradley,
Monterey County, May 17, 1920 (E. C. Van Duzee), 10;
Santa Cruz Island, May 16, 1919 (Van Duzee), 1 #; Carrville,
Trinity County, 2,400-2,500 ft., June 2, 1934 (Van Dyke), 1 9;
Oakland, May 1, 1937 (E. S. Ross), 1 #; Paraiso Springs, June
HO 1932 (L. S. Slevin), 1 ¢; Sobre Vista, Sonoma County,
meme oO, 1911) 19; Pacific Grove, May 20-24 1920) 19;
Santa Cruz, April 20, 1934 (J. W. Tilden), 1 #; Putah Canyon,
between Yolo and Solano Counties, May 2, 1936 (M. A. Cazier),
1 ; Livermore, Alameda County, May 12, 1940 (Cazier), 1 9;
Santa Cruz, June, 1936 (Cazier), 1 ¢.

168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

Adoxomyia appressa James

Adoxomyia appressa James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11:63.

Contrary to the statement made in the original description, the antennal
flagellum consists of six segments in addition to the two in the style, the sixth
segment being visible only from the outer side. ‘The membrane near the heavy
veins is more or less clouded, and the basal cells and stigmatal region may be
distinctly infuscated.

Holotype, male, from Cloudcroft, N. Mex., in the Snow
Entomological Collection of the University of Kansas.

Distribution—New Mexico: Cloudcroft, type _ series.
Arizona: Oak Creek Canyon, June 17, 1936 (G. P. Englehardt),
ict.

Adoxomyia nigribarba James, new species

A robust species, related to 4doxomyza lata, but with entirely
black antennae and black-pilose face and cheeks.

Female: Body, including appendages, black; front knees, extreme tips ven-
trally of tibiae and of middle and hind femora, scutellar spines, and apices of
tarsal pads reddish yellow; labellae of proboscis and halteres yellow, bases of
stalks of latter brown, Front at vertex fully one-third as wide as head, clothed
with semiappressed yellow pile; yellow tomentum on vertex and postocular
orbits rather dense; pile of face, cheeks, palpi, and eyes rather dense, black,
reddish brown in certain kghts; that of proboscis yellow. Mesonotum and
scutellum yellow-tomentose, except for three longitudinal stripes of black
tomentum, the middle one reaching from the anterior margin of the mesonotum
to the apex of the scutellum, the lateral ones attaining neither the anterior
margin nor the base of the scutellum, and broadly interrupted at the suture;
pleura with crinkly hair and sternum with straight tomentum the same color
as pile of face. ‘T'arsi golden-pilose below; apical half of front tibiae with short
yellow pile; legs otherwise with short black pile. Wings dusky hyaline, veins
brown. Abdomen dorsally with erect yellow pile, with a little black pile
intermixed, on sides of first segment, and with some black erect pile laterally
at base of second segment; sides of second to fourth segments except extreme
base, extreme apex of fourth segment, and fifth segment except extreme base
yellow-tomentose, rest of abdomen dorsally black-tomentose; venter, except
extreme apices of fourth and fifth segments, black-tomentose. Length 11 mm.

Holotype, female, Eagle Ridge, Klamath Lake, Oreg., June
5, 1924 (C. L. Fox). In the California Academy of Sciences.

From the single record this seems to be, like rustica and
unlike the more closely related Jata, a species of the higher
elevations.

Adoxomyia rustica (Osten Sacken)

Clitellaria rustica Osten Sacken, 1877, Geoi. & Geog. Survey, Bul. 3, no. 2, p.
213; Beutenmuller, 1904, Bul. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 20: 87.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 169

Euclitellaria rustica (Osten Sacken) Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 23:
Mie
Adoxomyia rustica (Osten Sacken) James, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11: 62.

Smaller than Adoxomyia lata, and much more extensively pale-pilose and
tomentose. The major areas of black tomentum are on the middle half of the
third abdominal segment and adjoining areas of the apex of the second and base
of the fourth, and the three interrupted longitudinal bands on the mesonotum
are similar to those described for nigribarba. The face of the male has black
and pale pile intermixed; the eyes are black-pilose in both sexes. The mesono-
tum of the male has erect yellow pile in addition to the black and yellow or
golden tomentum. ‘The vestiture is otherwise yellow.

Of the type series (three males and six females, from The
Geysers (Sonoma County), San Geronimo (Marin County),
and Webber Lake (Sierra County), Calif.) two males and‘three
females are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and one
female is in the American Museum of Natural History.

Distribution—WasuHIncTon: Cle Elum and Ellenburg, re-
corded by James. Tampico, July 4, 1923 (A. Spuler), 1 ¢; Pull-
man, April 28, 1910 (a. E: Burke), 1a, 1¢:. Orecon: No
locality, 1 9. Catrtrornia: Angel Island, Marin County, May
M13. Cy. Thompson), |! o> Vejon Canyon,. Kern County;
May 12, 1937 (Van Dyke), 1 9; Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe,
July 14, 1915 (Van Dyke), 1 2; Gold Lake, Sierra County,
July 12, 1921 (C. L. Fox), 1 9. InaxHo: Moscow (Aldrich), 1 2,
6 9 9; Kendrick, May 25, 1902 (Aldrich), 1 9; Juliaetta, May
3, 1901 (Aldrich), 14; Juliaetta (Aldrich), 1 9; Lake Waha,
ume, 14, 1930) and July, 22, 1927 (Aldrich), 2° ¢; Craig’s
Mountain (Aldrich), 1 9; Lawyer’s Canyon, June 16, 1909
(Aldrich), 1 #; Sweetwater, June 5 and 17, 1930 (Aldrich) 1 9,
1; Lenore, May 7, 1938 (E. Ritzheimer), 14. Monrana:
Sweetwater Lakes, Glacier National Park, July 5, 1930 (Van
Dyke), 1 ¢. Wyomine: Jenny Lake, Great Tetons, June 25,
1938 (Van Dyke), 1 9. Uran: Mountain Home, Sept. 19,
1935 (F. C. Harmston), 1 ¢; Logan, May 28, 1938 (Harmston)
and May, 1913,2¢<¢.

This species is apparently characteristic of the moderate
elevations of the Sierras and northern Rockies; the only region
where, according to my records, its range overlaps that of lata
is in the San Francisco Bay area.

Adoxomyia argentata (Williston)

Clitellaria argentata Williston, 1885, Canad. Ent., 17: 127-8.
Euclitellaria argentata (Williston) Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 20: 96.
Adoxomyia argentata (Williston) James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11: 63.

Type, male, California, in the Snow Entomological Collec-
tion of the University of Kansas. Williston gave the type

170 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

locality as “Arizona (Prof. Comstock),”’ but this does not agree
with the information on the label.

Distribution —CauiFornia: Type (no locality on label).
Arizona: Tucson, June 21, 1924 (A. A. Nichol), 1 2.

Adoxomyia albopilosa (Cresson)
Aochletus albopilosus Cresson, 1919, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 71: 173.

Type, male, Alamogordo, N. Mex., in the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

THE SUBULATA GROUP
Adoxomyia subulata (Loew)

Clitellaria subulata Loew, 1865, Berliner Ent. Zeit., 9: 147 (Century vi, 29).

Adoxomyia subulata (Loew) Smith, 1910, Report N. J. State Mus. 1909, p. 737;
James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11:64.

Euclitellaria subulata (Loew) Kertész, 1923, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 20: 97;
Curran, 1934, North American Diptera, p. 142.

The only species known to occur on the Atlantic seaboard,
readily distinguished from the other Nearctic species by the
antennal structure coupled with the characteristic clouding of
the wing. ‘The male is well characterized in Loew’s description,
but the female has never been described.

Female.—Mainly black; thickened part of antennal flagellum, proboscis,
first segment of palpi, apex of scutellum, scutellar spines, halteres, knees, ex-
treme apices of tibiae, and tarsi yellow. All pile, pollen, and tomentum of
head, including eyes, white; a pollinose area underlying the white tomentum
above the eyes; above this the front with only sparse pile, except for a promi-
nent tomentose area along each eye about half way to ocellar triangle. Thorax
with three black, longitudinal, tomentose stripes, hardly interrupted at suture,
the lateral ones not attaining either the anterior or posterior margins, the
median one extending onto the scutellum; otherwise, including legs, wholly with
white pile and tomentum. Third and fourth abdominal tergites black-tomen-
tose, except prominent antero-lateral triangles on each segment and a promi-
nent median triangle whose base occupies about the median half of the apex
of segment 4 and whose apex extends a short distance onto segment 3; apical
half of first sternite black-tomentose; abdomen otherwise with white pile and
tomentum. Wing as in the male, that is, subhyaline, the area roughly between
veins R; and Msg, and including the discal and extreme apices of the basal cells,
infumated. All tomentum described as black appears reddish brown in cer-
tain lights. Length 6-8 mm. (The description of the female is based on all
specimens at hand.)

Type, male, Virginia, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Distribution—NeEw JERSEY: Recorded by Smith and John-
son. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, recorded by James; Phila-
delphia, July 8, 1892, 17. Marytanp: Beltsville, June 26,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 el

mode (Greene), 1°, and June 1918 (W.)R: Walton); Ie;
Plummer’s Island, July 4, 1907 (A.K. Fisher), 1 ~, July 1, 1905
(Fisher), 1 9, and June 14, 1908 (McAtee), 1 7; Mt. Calvert,
July 2, 1916 VJ. Silver), 1 ¢. District or Cotumsia: Rock
Creek, June 12, 1917 (Townsend), 1, and July 18, 1934
(Bridwell), 1 9; Washington (M. L. Linell), 1 # (Coquillett),
io Iho. and: July 19) 1926 (Aldrich), lie. Vireinia? Falls
Church, May 29% to June 25 (Greene), 4°07, 49 9, June 7,
1914 (Shannon), 1, and July 7, 1914 (W. Middleton), lo;
Potomac Run, May 30, 1916 (McAtee), 499,52; Ghar
Bridge, July 23, EOS (Greene), hee, kok Woodstock, June
1897 (F. C. Pratt), 1 #; Bluemont, June 20, 1912 (Greene), 1 9.
NortH Caro.ina: Raleigh, recorded by Brimley. Inprana:
Lafayette, recorded by James; Lafayette, June 1923 (Aldrich),
1¢. Onto: No locality, June 17, 1901, 2° ¢. TENNESSEE:
Gatlinburg, June 15, 1940 (E. C. O:zborn), 1 9; Knoxville,
spring of 1934, 19. TrExas: Columbus, 1 9.

Adoxomyia texana James
Adoxomyta texana James, 1935, Pan-Pac. Ent., 11:63.

Very close to subulata, but the wings are uniformly light-
clouded.

Holotype, from Brazos County, Tex., in the collection of the
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.

Distribution —Texas: Brazos County, College Station, and
Brownwood, in the type series. No locality or date (Belfrage),
19. Arxansas: Fayetteville, in the type series. OKkLAHOMa:
Flint and Wilburton, in the type series.

THE LARVA OF HOLOSTILPNA NITENS (LEC.) AND ITS RELA-
TIONSHIPS (Coleoptera, Anthribidae)

By W. H. AnpERson

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

During the past winter numerous larvae of a small anthribid
were found infesting Hypoxylon atropunctatum (Schw.) Cke., a
fungus which was growing in the bark of dead black oaks.
Subsequent rearing from pieces of the fungus produced adults
which were determined by L. L. Buchanan as Holostilpna nitens
(Lec.) The larva is remarkable in several structural details
and has considerable systematic significance. For these reasons
a short description has been prepared, together with remarks
on the probable relationships of the species.

The material on which the following description is based is
in the collection of the United States National Museum. Sev-

172 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

eral larvae are mounted on micro cope slides, the remaining
larvae are in alcohol. ‘The larvae, as well as the reared adults,
bear the data: ex Hypoxylon atropunctatum, University Park,
Md., dates ranging between October 1942 and May 1943,
Division of Insect Identification No. 38-42.

Mature larva (fig. 7), ranging between 1.8 and 2.9 mm. in length, moderately
to strongly curved, subcircular in cross section, thicker through anterior seg-
ments, gradually tapering posteriorly. Legs absent. Setae few, inconspicu-
ous. Spiracles (fig. 5) with subcircular peritreme, small, subcircular orifice,
and single, weakly annulated air tube. Head (figs. 1, 2, and 9) deeply retracted
into pronotum, distinctly longer (from posterior margin to base of clypeus) than
broad, widest slightly behind the middle, abruptly tapering posteriorly. Lateral
margins of foramen magnum interrupted three-fifths the distance from mandi-
bular fossa to posterior margin of head, the interruption resembling an imperfect
ball-and-socket joint (figs. 2 and 9, B). Hypopharyngeal bracon and hypo-
pharyngeal sclerome well developed. Posterior tentorial arms not united in
the middle line. Frontal suture (figs. 4 and 9, FS) complete in front, 1. e.
extending to basal membrane of mandible, absent posteriorly. Antenna (fig.
4) membranous, with conical accessory sensory appendage. Ocellus absent.
Clypeus only indistinctly separated from epistoma. Labrum free, with two
basal sensilla. Labral tormae present (fig. 12). Mandible (fig. 8) apically
bifid, with poorly developed mola. Labium (figs. 10 and 13) undivided, acutely

’

triangular in ventral view, without palpi. Maxillary mala (fig. 13) simple,
without inner lobe. Distinct palpiger bearing mala and palpus absent. Palpus
with two articles. ‘Thoracic spiracle in mesothorax. Pedal area of prothorax

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

(Figures drawn by author with the aid of a camera lucida)

Figure 1.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Head, dorsal view, X 55.

Figure 2.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Head (larger specimen), ventral view,
X55:

Figure 3.—Bruchela lilii (Fahr.): Head, ventral view, X 35.

Figure 4.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Right antenna, lateral view, X 240;
FS, frontal suture.

Figure 5.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Spiracle, second abdominal segment,X
240.

Figure 6.—Bruchela lilii (Fahr.): Spiracle, second abdominal segment, X 240.

Figure 7.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Larva, X 30.

Figure 8.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Left mandible, ventral view, X 125.

Figure 9.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Head, lateral view, X 55; ANT, antenna;
FS, frontal suture.

Figure 10.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Labium, distal half, ventral view, X 240.

Figure 11.—Bruchela lili (Fahr.): Labium and maxilla, X 70.

Figure 12.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Epipharynx, X 240.

Figure 13.—Holostilpna nitens (Lec.): Labium and maxilla, X 125.

PROC, ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 15

174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NOr?,O@#2°1943) THE 20a:

with numerous setae; of meso- and metathorax with few setae. Sternum of
prothorax triangular, with numerous setae; of meso- and metathorax with a

single seta on each side. Spiracles present on abdominal segments I to VIII, -:

inclusive. ‘Typical abdominal segments with two dorsal folds.

From the characters stated above it appears obvious that the

larva of Holostilpna belongs in the series Anthriboidea (= Platy-,

stomoidea) of Boving and Craighead.!_ Probably some of the
characters usually accepted as diagnostic of that group will be

discarded or altered. The larva of Holostilpna differs from ,

nearly all the formerly described larvae of the Anthribidae by’
the absence of a thornlike lacinia (see also Phloeobius?) and-by
the fusion of prementum and postmentum. In the past, too
much emphasis has been placed on the presence of a strong
hypopharyngeal sclerome whereas the presence of a hypopharyn-
geal bracon appears to be the essential feature (see also Auto-
tropis, Gardner, l. c., 1936). Other characters by whichtthe
larva of Holostilpna differs from the hitherto known larvae of
the Anthribidae, exclusive of Bruchela (=Urodon), are the
absence of the labial palpi, the deeply retracted head, and the
remarkable interruption of the margins of the foramen magnum.

The larva of Holostilpna has no close relatives among those of
the North American Anthribidae which are known. However,
two of the characters which separate it from other anthribid
larvae, namely, the absence of the labial palpi and the deeply
retracted head, are present also in the larva of Bruchela.2 The

~

hypopharyngeal sclerome is less strongly developed in the two”,
species of Bruchela which are available although the hypo-.

pharyngeal bracon is complete (fig. 3). There is no apparent
separation between prementum and postmentum in B. rufipes
(Oliv.) and the lacinia is absent. The larva of B. diliz (Fahr.),
however (fig. 11) does have a small sclerite at the base of the
indistinctly developed prementum and the lacinia is repre-
sented by a small spine on the mala. The larvae of Bruchela

1 Bbving, Adam G., and Craighead, F. C. An Illustrated Synopsis of the
Principal Larval Forms of the Order Coleoptera. Ent. Amer. (n. s.), v. 11,
ESS

2 Gardner, J. C. M. Immature Stages of Indian Coleoptera (10) (Anthribi-
dae). Indian Forest Records, v. 16, pt. 11, 1932. Immature Stages of Indian
Coleoptera (19) (Anthribidae). Indian Forest Records (n. s.), v. 2, No. 2,
August 5, 1936.

3'The statement by Emden (Emden, Fritz van. On the Taxonomy of

Rhynchophora Larvae (Coleoptera). Roy. Ent. Soc., London, Trans. 87 (1):
5, 1938) that the larva of Bruchela lacks a hypopharyngeal bracon may have

been based on observations of specimens which were killed immediately before _
a molt in which the bracon might be weakened or broken. A well-developed

bracon is present on the larva of each of the species of Bruchela I have examined,
namely, B. rufipes (Oliv.), which was received from Dr. van Emden, and B. lili
(Fahr.), from South Africa.

ete nee

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 175

and Holostilpna possess the essential characters of the Anthri-
boidea but they disagree with the described larvae and agree
between themselves in the absence of legs and in having all
spiracles unicameral. ‘They differ between themselves in the
pigmentation of the head capsule, the degree of development of
the hypopharyngeal sclerome, the presence of a distinct ocellus
in Bruchela, the shape and structure of the head capsule, and
in habitus. Moreover, Holostilpna lives in fungus whereas
Bruchela develops in seeds.

Both Jordan 4 and Emden (1. c., pp. 5-6) have considered
Bruchela as belonging in the Bruchidae, but the correctness of
this assignment is questionable. ‘The epipharynx of the adults
of the Bruchidae is complicated, bearing a subrectangular
sensory area near the apex, a short, asperate, projecting lobe
near the middle, and elongate, subparallel, paired rows of minute
ridges or striae toward the base. ‘The epipharynx of the adults
of the Anthribidae, and of Bruchela, however, is a relatively
‘simple structure, usually bearing a number of setae and, pos-
‘teriorly, a small sclerite. Asperities are present on the epi-
pharynx of Cimberis ® and of Bruchela, and some sensilla are
present in the latter genus. The adults of the Bruchidae have
a distinct, usually elongate, pigmented clypeus whereas in
“Bruchela and the Anthribidae the clypeus is very short and the
epistomal suture is obsolete. ‘The adults of the anthribids and
of Bruchela have a strong hypopharyngeal bracon, as do their
larvae, but the bruchids, in both adult and larval stages, lack
the bracon. Furthermore, as Bridwell ® has pointed out, the
membranous flap, which is present on the mandibles of bruchid
adults, is absent in Bruchela and the Anthribidae. ‘The maxilla
of bruchid larvae has a distinct palpiger which bears the mala
and the palpus, and the antenna has two sclerotized articles.
On the other hand, the maxilla of larval Anthriboidea, including
Bruchela, lacks a distinct palpiger and the antenna consists of a
membranous base with a conical or subconical accessory append-
age. It seems rather clear, therefore, that Bruchela must be
considered quite distinct from the Bruchidae and closely related
to the Anthribidae and that in some respects, at least, it is
connected to the latter through /olostilpna.

* Jordan, K. On the position of Urodon, a genus of Coleoptera. Ent. Soc.,
London, Proc., pp. xcviii-xcix, October 15, 1924.

° Cimberis Gozis= Rhinomacer F. See Bradley, J. Chester. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc. Bul. 25 (5): 259-262, 1930.

® Bridwell, John Colburn. The Subfamilies of the Bruchidae (Coleoptera),
Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 34 (6): 102, 1932.

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

A NEW SPIDER MITE FROM ARGENTINA
By E. A. McGrecor, Whittier, California

A species of spinning mite has been intercepted by the port
inspectors on shipments of pears from Argentina. ‘This mite
appears to be a species previously unknown, and its descrip-
tion follows:

Septanychus argentinus, new species

Female.—Body outline rather widely oval. Dorsal armature consisting of
26 conspicuous bristles, distributed about as usual; not arising from tubercles.
A single perfect eye cornea on each side. Mandibular plate rounded anteriorly
at maturity. ‘“Thumb” of palpus shortened axially, greatest thickness about
one-third more than length, bearing terminally a dome-shaped ‘“‘finger’’ which is
slightly thicker than long; the rather ample dorsal sensilla is nearly twice as
long as the terminal “‘finger’’; the other five hairs and digituli of the “thumb”
about as usual. Legs rather long, especially first and last pairs. Relative
lengths of joints of foreleg as follows: Coxa, 12; trochanter, 7; femur, 18; patella,
10; tibia, 13; tarsus, 20. Tip of tarsus (female) bearing a claw which is sharply
bent at a point one-fifth distance from base to tip, at which point arises dorsally
a straight spur and ventrally a stronger division which soon splits into six equal,
slender, spine-like parts which much exceed in length the dorsal spur. The
usual four tenent hairs arise from the onychium, a pair on each side of the claw
base. The colla~ trachea is U-shaped with the arms subequal.

Male.—Body smaller and narrower than that of female. Legs not so con-
spicuously long as usual. Penis with inner lobe rodlike; basilar lobe incon-
spicuous; shaft from two to three times as long as its basal thickness, bent
upward and backward more than 90° from axis of main shaft, expanding termi-
nally to form the prominent barb whose axial length slightly exceeds the length
of the “hook” of the shaft; anterior portion of barb slightly acute-angled; pos-
terior portion of barb bent strongly downward and acuminate, resembling
the claw of a hammer. ‘arsal claw of legs I and II differing from those of
other two pairs of legs and from those of female; distal portion (corresponding
to the main claw) rather straight and relatively weak, the proximal portion
(analagous to the ceflexed spurs in certain genera) much thicker at base and
appearing to be split indistinctly into three segments.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Septanychus argentinus

Fig. 1. Collar trachea, viewed laterally.

Figs. 2 and 3. Terminal portion of palpus (2) with appendages; Fig. 3 viewed
laterally, Fig. 2 viewed from slightly different angle.

Fig. 4. Tip of tarsus of female, viewed laterally.

Fig. 5. Lateral view of penis.

Fig. 6. Tip of tarsus of leg I of male, viewed laterally.

Fig. 7. Lateral view of female mite (legs of right side not shown),

Fig. 8. Tip of tarsus of female, viewed terminally,

PLATE 16

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

[177] &d

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

Type slide.—U. 8. National Museum No. 1437.

The type material is from Argentina, intercepted at port of
New York by E. C. Hodson, of the Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture,
March 3, 1938, from pear fruits. ‘The species was also inter-
cepted on the S. S. Southern Cross from Argentina on pear
fruits, March 11, 1938, by L. J. McConnell, of the same agency.

A NEW ATANUS FROM ARGENTINA, SOUTH AMERICA
(Homoptera-Cicadellidae)

By R. H. Beamer

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

The following species of leafhopper is suspected of being a
vector of a sugar-beet virus disease in South America. There-
fore the species is here described to make a name available in
this connection.

Atanus exitiosus, new species

Resembling in external appearance Atanus dentatus (Obs.) but usually some-
what smaller, not so definitely marked, and with the processes on the male
aedeagus arising at the base of the shaft instead of near the apex. Length ,
3mm.; 9, 3.75 mm.

General color stramineous, often with the head, pronotum, and scutellum
deep yellow.. Some specimens typically marked as illustrated. Elytra semi-
hyaline, veins darker with some indication of darker areas in some specimens.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of the female about twice as long as the
preceding, with the lateral angles broadly rounded to the strongly produced
median third, often with a very slight indication of a median notch. Male
valve triangular; plates slightly broader at base than valve, roundingly nar-
rowed about basal third and tapering to long, sharp apices; styles broad on
middle two-thirds, abruptly narrowed on outer fourth to about one-third middle
width, apices truncate; aedeagus in dorsoventral view narrow with the sides
almost parallel, in lateral view curved dorsally, widest at base, gradually narrow-
ing to sharp apex, with a pair of processes arising near base of shaft on ventral
margin, extending parallel with shaft to diverge slightly near their tips and end
short of its apex.

Holotype <, allotype 9,10 7 #and 28 ¢ 9 paratypes from
Rio Negro Valley, Argentina, January 21-22, 1941, C. W. Ben-
nett. . Swept from sugar beets. ‘Types in the Collection of the
United States National Museum, Cat. No. 56671.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 17

Atanus e€xXItiosus

Explanation of Figures of Atanus exitiosus, new species

1. Dorsal view of head, pronotum, and scutellum showing typical markings of
some individuals.

2. Last ventral segment of female.

3. Dorsoventral view of aedeagus.

4. Lateral view of aedeagus.

[179]

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

VARIATIONS NOTED IN ANATOMICAL LARVAL STRUCTURES
OF CULEX TARSALIS COQ. (Diptera: Culicidae)

By W. W. Yates,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

In identifying large numbers of mosquitoes the writer has
noted considerable variation in the anatomical structure of dif-
ferent specimens of the same species. When these variations
occur in certain taxonomic characters used in separating closely
allied species, considerable confusion and uncertainty in the
determination usually result.

During the season of 1942, extensive collections of mosquito
larvae were made in the Pacific Northwest, and a large number
of these larvae proved to be Culex tarsalis Cog. Most of the
collections came from Yakima and Walla Walla Counties,
Washington, and the rest were made in the Willamette Valley
in Oregon. As the larvae of this species were being examined
it was observed that certain variations occurred rather fre-
quently. Notes on such variations as were found in fourth
instars are recorded herein. In this species the anal segment
is ringed by a plate, and this ring is incomplete until the 4th
stadium; this feature, therefore, was used as an indication of
maturity.

The numbers of upper and lower head hairs on 160 larvae were
counted, the results _being as given in table 1.

Tase 1.—Numbers of upper and lower head hairs on 160 fourth instars of Culex

tarsalis
Percent | Probable
Character Number | of total | Occurrence
Those with 5 upper and 4 lower hairs......... 1029) 63.70 alma
Those with 6 upper and 5 lower hairs......... 18 | 11.24 | 1 in 8.9
Those with 5 upper and 5 lower hairs......... 13 8.13 1 in 12.3
Those with 6 upper and 4 lower hairs......... 10 6.24 | 1 in 16.0
Those with 5 upper and 3 lower hairs......... 6 3.75 1 in 26.7

Those with 4 upper and 4 lower hairs......... 5 3.12) | tint 32"0
Those with 4 upper and 3 lower hairs......... 2 125 1 in 80.0
Those with 6 upper and 3 lower hairs......... 1 0.625 | 1 in 160
Those with 7 upper and 3 lower hairs......... 1 0.625 | 1 in 160
Those with two sets of tufts differing......... 2B IS 1 in 80

Dyar’s description of the larva of Culex tarsalis reads, in part,
as follows: “Air tube slender, uniform, about 4 times as long as
wide, pecten on basal third, followed by five paired tufts, the
basal one within the pecten, approximately posteriorly and

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943 181

irregularly inserted, none displaced, or subapical one moved
laterally.” The position of these tufts on the air tube is a
taxonomic feature used to separate several species of Culex.
Herewith are. recorded observations on the basal position of
these paired tufts on 180 specimens. For convenience, data
on these larvae (table 2) are divided into five classes according
to the position of the tufts on the air tube.

A number of larvae having paired tufts on the air tube in
these five positions were reared to maturity and in all cases
the adults proved to be Culex tarsalis.

Counts were also made of the number of pecten teeth on the
air tubes of 70 Culex tarsalis larvae, but their accurate determi-
nation proved difficult because the flexing of the tube or folds
in the cuticle where the air tube is attached to the abdomen
very often hide the teeth. However, the number of pecten
teeth ranged from 10 to 16, 35.8 percent appearing to have 12
teeth.

These observations indicate the wide variations that may
occur in different specimens belonging to the same species. No.
doubt such variations are bound to result in uncertainties in
identification, particularly if the specimens are few in number
and these happen to be off type. ‘Too often taxonomic keys
and insect descriptions are based on the examination of a
limited number of specimens before the extent of the differences
in anatomical structure has been fully determined.

TaBLe 2.—Position of tufts on air tubes of 180 larvae of Culex tarsalis

Number | Percent Probable
Class of Cases | Occurring | Occurrence

One pair of tufts within the pecten......... 12 6.66 | 1 in 15
Proximal pair attached even with last pecten

FOOT MES ONS ete olathe Wemcre Gene Veen to. 50 27.78 | 1 in 3.6
Proximal pair spaced close to pecten but not

SED CUA eee ee ee 73 40.56 | 1 in 2.47
Proximal pair starting near center of air tube. 36 20.00 | 1 in 5
Proximal pair spaced considerable distance

from pecten and beyond center of air tube. 9 5.00 | 1 in 20

oo — ———___

182 ?ROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 7, OCT., 1943

CONSERVATION OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS

The American Library Association created in 1941 the Com-
mittee on Aid to Libraries in War Areas, headed by John R.
Russell, the Librarian of the University of Rochester. The
Committee is faced with numerous serious problems and hopes
that American scholars and scientists will be of considerable aid
in the solution of one of these problems.

One of the most difficult tasks in library reconstruction after
the first World War was that of completing foreign institutional
sets of American scholarly, scientific, and technical periodicals.
The attempt to avoid a duplication of that situation is now the
concern of the Committee.

Many sets of journals will be broken by the financial inability
of the institutions to renew subscriptions. As far as possible
they will be completed from a stock of periodicals being pur-
chased by the Committee. Many more will have been broken
through mail difficulties and loss of shipments, while still other
sets will have disappeared in the destruction of libraries. The
size of the eventual demand is impossible to estimate, but
requests received by the Committee already give evidence that
it will be enormous.

With an imminent paper shortage attempts are being made
to collect old periodicals for pulp. Fearing this possible reduc-
tion in the already limited supply of scholarly and scientific
journals, the Committee hopes to enlist the cooperation of
subscribers to this journal in preventing the sacrifice of this
type of material to the pulp demand. It is scarcely necessary
to mention the appreciation of foreign institutions and scholars
for this activity.

Questions concerning the project or concerning the Com-
mittee’s interest in particular periodicals should be directed to
Dorothy J. Comins, Executive Assistant to the Committee on
Aid to Libraries in War Areas, Library o. Congress Annex,
Study 251, Washington, 25, D. C.

Actual date of publication, October 27, 1943.

ANNOUNCEMENT

_ Memoir Number 2, “A Classification of area and Adults of the
"Genus Phyllophaga,’’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions eae Ne Bo a ete eee $3.00
iho members of the Society. vey. iy. so Migeus sella oes $2.40

oi: We morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus

_ of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval
3 Bid: adult structures.

‘c Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents

; per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
“Number 1, ‘The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
_ Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

‘Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. 0. b. Washington. |

ii Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

hs, F. M. WADLEY,
vd Corresponding Secretary,

Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
eae Washington, D. C.

CONTENTS

ANDERSON, W. H.—THE LARVA OF HOLOSTILPNA NITENS (LEC.) AND ITS _
RELATIONSHIPS (COLEOPTERA, ANTHRIBIDAE) 0 22----0---u-oeceveseepeeeeconstenveeseseene ale

BEAMER, R. H.—A NEW ATANUS FROM ARGENTINA, SOUTH AMERICA. . (Homor-
TERA, CICADELLIDAE) ASS Mea EW Gade deaeho lM oFs St UTE ott aa Bb at ala tat pes p

JAMES, MAURICE T.—A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ADOXOMYIA
(DIPTERA, STRATIOMYIDAE) SS SMe AOI 1 EAC gaa psa at fe IE ih

MC GREGOR, E. A,—A NEW SPIDER MITE FROM ARGENTINA -._.--------------2---- soa EE

YATES, W. W.—VARIATIONS NOTED IN ANATOMICAL LARVAL STRUCTURES OF
CULEX TARSALIS COQ. (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) osha ie idee pal eek seni fi csi 711 ve

CONSERVATION OF SCHOLARLY JOURNALS. ...._...W222--22---n2eennconnosncecc ene cmenn nen nn ene eae

45 November, 1943 — No. 8

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 45 NOVEMBER, 1943 No. 8

PAUROPODA FROM THE DUKE FOREST
By J. H. Srar.ine,
Duke Unwersity, Durham, North Carolina

The writer collected organisms, periodically during the year
1941-42, from soil of the Duke Forest, with the aid of modified
Berlese funnels. Such collections included 5 and possibly 6
species of pauropods which form the basis for this paper.

Pauropoda constitute a class of progoneate (Pocock 1893) and
labiate (Snodgrass 1938) arthropods. ‘They are distinguished
from other ‘“‘myriapods” by the presence of branched antennae,
11 post-cephalic somites, and 9 pairs of ambulatory legs in the
adult, except those in the genus Decapauropus which have 12
trunk somites and 10 pairs‘of ambulatory legs.

Sir John Lubbock (1866) was the first to call attention to
these remarkable animals and described 2 species from England.
Packard (1870) extended the geographical range to North
America when he “‘insufficiently” (Hansen 1902) described a
species from Salem, Massachusetts. (Ryder (1879) proposed
a new family and a new genus and described Lurypauropus
Spinosus from Fairmont Park, Philadelphia. Latzel (1880,
1884) divided the group into 2 families and added 4 species
from Austria, one being the type for his new genus Brachy-
pauropus. Tomosvary (1884) in Russia, Daday (1889) in
Hungary, Silvestri (1895) in Italy, and Attems (1895) in
Austria, all described species. Haase (1885) from Schleswig
and Berlese from Italy redescribed Lubbock’s species. Both
Schmidt (1895) and Kenyon (1895) published anatomical and
morphological papers. Cook (1895) “insufficiently” (Hansen,
1902) described several species from Indiana and Long Island.
Two of his three proposed genera were accepted: Stylopauropus
by Hansen (1902) and Allopauropus by Verhoeff (1934). The
most outstanding work on the systematics of Pauropoda was
that of Hansen (1902). In it he included characteristics of
families and genera, along with the description and geographical
distribution of 22 new European and South American species.
In the same year Silvestri erected Allopauropus, Hemipauropus,
and Scleropauropus for his new Italian species. Bagnall (1909,
1911, 1914, 1918) gave an account of the British Pauropoda.
Harrison (1914) described a new species of Eurypauropus and

184 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

4 of Pauropus from New South Wales. Hilton (1928, 1930,
1930a, 1930b, 1931, 1931a, 1931b, 1933, 1934) published papers
on American species found in Alaska, California, Oregon, Iowa,
and New Mexico. Williams and Hefner (1928) reported Eury-
pauropus spinosus and Pauropus huxleyi from Ohio. Remy
has done more with the group than any other since Hansen.
His more important contributions included descriptions of:
A new family (Polypauropodidae, 1932), 3 new genera (Deca-
pauropus, 1931; Polypauropus, 1932; and Gravieripus, 1937b);
at least 36 new European species (1930, 1931, 1933, 1933a,
1935, 1935a, 1935b, 1935c, 1935d; 1935e, 1936, 1936a, 193i
1936c, 1937, 1937a, 1937b, 1937c, 1938, 1940); 5 new variations
(1932, 1935e); and an extension of Eurypauropodidae. Kishida
(1928) proposed Neopauropus and Esaki (1934) Thaumotopauro-
pus for their Japanese species. Other important publications
are those of Attems (1930) and Verhoeff (1934). Verhoeff
(1934) and Bagnall (1935) have extended the classification to
show more clearly the relationship of the families and to take
into account the newly described species.

The present paper embodies: (1) the description of 4 new
species of pauropods from the Duke. Forest; and (2) a check-
list of species as reported from various parts of the world. The
Duke Forest collection includes: Brachypauropus pearsei n. sp.3
Eurypauropus spinosus Ryder, 1879; Pauropus carolinensis
n. sp.; Pauropus dukensis n. sp.; Pauropus causeyae n. sp.; and
a species of Stylopauropus for which I shall not propose a name
since the single specimen is damaged to such an extent as to
preclude a complete description.

As well as the writer is able to determine, there is no previous
reference as to the occurrence of pauropods in the South-eastern
United States, nor is there a report of the occurrence heretofore
of a representative of Brachypauropus in North America.

Grateful acknowledgment is made to Dr. A. S. Pearse, who
was very helpful to the writer during this study.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES
Brachypauropus pearsei, new species

Material. Four immature (? sex) specimens. Color: White. Dimensions:
Length of body, 0.52 mm.; greatest width of body, 0.19 mm.; greatest width
of head, 0.07 mm.; median length of head, 0.05 mm.

Head. ‘The head has 3 transverse rows of dorsal, curved, and pointed setae.
The first row has 4, the two outer appearing somewhat shorter than the two
median setae. The second and third row each have 6 setae, 4 median and 2
lateral. The eye areas are visible from the ventral view and are relatively small.

Antenna (fig. 1A). The peduncle consists of 3 segments. The upper branch
is a little over twice as long as broad, and slightly longer than the two distal
joints of the peduncle. The lower branch is as long as the upper branch. The

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 185

width of the anterior margin of the former is at least twice as wide as that of
the latter. The anterior flagellum is slightly shorter than the flagellum of the
upper branch. The posterior flagellum is even shorter than the anterior one.
The unringed basal portion of the longest flagellum is slightly longer than the

ror Waa Was)

oImm

Fig. 1—Brachypauropus pearsei n. sp. A. left antenna seen from above; B.
dorsal seta; C. lateral seta; D. right third sensory seta; E. ventral view of the
left leg of first pair, from specimen with six pairs of legs; F. ventral view of
right leg of sixth pair; G. ventral view on anal region. a. peduncle; b. upper
branch; c. lower branch; d. anterior flagellum; e. posterior flagellum; f. flagel-
lum of upper branch; g. globulus; h. anterior seta on sternum of the anal seg-
ment; i. intermediate seta on the tergum; j. lateral seta on the tergum; k.
stilus; l. posterior seta on the sternum of the anal segment,

186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

breadth of the posterior margin of the lower branch and longer than the same
part of the other two flagella. The globulus is nearly spherical and its stalk is
slightly longer than its transverse diameter.

Trunk. The third instar seems to possess 5 terga; each except the last is
subdivided into 2 pairs of highly chitinized and subequal plates. The setae of
each tergite are arranged in 2 transverse rows on these plates; each row has 4
setae, exclusive of the lateral setae, except the first row of the first tergite which
has 2 setae. ‘The setae are curved and pointed (figs. 1B, 1C). The last tergite
possesses only one highly chitinized plate with 2 pairs of setae; those of the more
anterior pair are closer together. There are 4 pairs of tactile setae; the first
pair is slightly longer than the second and the third, but approximately equal
to the length of the fourth. ‘The third pair is peculiar in that each has a hollow
swelling, largest toward the middle of the seta; each is tapering and pubescent
from this point distally (fig. 1D). The fourth pair of sensory setae are slender,
tapering and more distinctly pubescent toward the distal third.

Legs. All the legs have 5 segments, and increase in length slightly from the
anterior pair posteriorly. ‘The segments of the last pair of legs are most robust,
the trochanter is broader than long (figs. 1E, 1F).

Anal Segment (fig. 1G). On the tergum the submedian setae are very short
and cylindrical and are situated near each other. The intermediate and lateral
setae are approximately the same length, curved, tapering, and lie close together.
On the sternum, the styli are curved, tapering, and are about half the length of
the lateral setae. The posterior setae present a lyre effect with their distal
ends rolled. The anterior setae are about one-sixth the length of the posterior
setae.

Type.—Immature specimen with 6 pair of legs, collected from
the Duke Forest under oak leaves, July 17, 1941, now in United
States National Museum, No. 1433.

Remarks.—The distinctive features of this species are in the
shape and size of styli, the single seta arrangement in each of
the two first tergal plates, and the antennae. ‘The anal region
of Brachypauropus pearsei is similar to that of B. superbus
Hansen, but differs in the character of the styli and the setae
arrangement of the head.

Pauropus carolinensis, new species

Material. Four adult female specimens. Color: White. Dimensions:
Length of body, 1.5 mm.; greatest width of body, 0.43 mm.; greatest width of
head, 0.14 mm.

Head. The head has 4 transverse rows of dorsal, clavate, and pubescent
setae. ‘The first row contains 1 seta which projects forward; the second, 10,
the two lateral setae on it are longer and smaller; the third, 5; and the last, 6.
The eye areas are conspicuously large, as each occupies approximately three-
fourths of the lateral edge of the head.

Antenna (fig. 2A). The length of the upper branch is greater than that of
the lower branch and about equal to the combined length of the third and fourth
segments of the peduncle. The width of the anterior margin of the lower

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 187

branch is greater than its posterior margin and wider than the greatest width
of the upper branch. The inferior flagellum is about half as long as the su-
perior one, which is approximately the same length as the flagellum of the upper
branch. The globulus is small, nearly spherical and almost sessile. The
longest setae on the dorsal surface of the fourth joint of the peduncle is nearly

AMM

Fig. 2. Pauropus carolinensis n. sp. A. left antenna seen from above; B.
ventral view of right leg of first pair of adult female; C. ventral view of right
leg of ninth pair of adult female; D. ventral view of anal region.

188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

as long as the upper branch. Each of the other segments of the peduncle bears
2 short setae.

Trunk. ‘The trunk is robust. The first tergite has 2 rows of setae, similar
in appearance to those of the head, with 4 in each row. The second tergite has
3 rows, 2 setae in the first, 6 in the second, and 4 in the third row. The third
tergite has 2 rows with 4 and 6 setae, respectively in each row. The fourth

tergite is similar to the third. The fifth bears 2 rows of setae, 6 in each row’ —

The last tergite has 2 rows of 4 and 2 setae respectively. The tactile setae are
all approximately the same length except the last pair which is longer. The
pubescence of these sensory bristles is greatest towards their tapering apex.
Legs. ‘The legs increase in length from the anterior pair posteriorly. Each
leg of the first and the last pair has 5 segments. The coxa and trochanter of

each of the first eight pairs of legs bear a simple, clavate, and pubescent seta-

(fig. 2B); while those of the last pair of legs are biramous (fig. 2C).

Anal Segment (fig. 2D). The submedian and intermediate setae of the
tergum are approximately the same length, and each is about one half as long
as the lateral setae. ‘The setae are cylindrical, without pubescence, and taper-
ing towards their distal ends. ‘The styli are ovate and flat, as broad as long, and
located on the ventral surface of the tergum, dorso-lateral to the anal plate.
On the sternum, the anterior pair of setae are smaller in diameter and shorter
in length than the posterior pair; both, however, are pubescent. The anal plate
bears 2 sharp lateral spines between which are located 2 clavate, very slightly
pubescent setae, and a small lobe between the setae.

Type.—An adult female, collected November 10, 1941, in the
Duke Forest in oak and pine humus, now in the United States
National Museum, No. 1434.

Remarks. —Instars with 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 pairs of legs were
collected from May—November, 1940 and 1941. Adults were
collected throughout the year. ‘The distinguishing characters
are: Its size, the setae arrangement on the peduncle, and the
anal region. The anal plate is similar to that of Pauropus
spinifer Hansen, but the peculiar arrangement of the styli in
P. carolinensis easily distinguishes it.

Pauropus causeyae, new species

Material. Three adult female specimens. Color: White. Dimensions.
Length of body, 0.92 mm.; greatest width of body, 0.14 mm.; greatest length of
head, 0.05 mm.; greatest width of head, 0.08 mm.

Head. ‘The head bears 4 rows of clavate, pubescent setae. Progressing pos-
teriorly each row consists of 4, 6, 4, and 9 setae, respectively. ‘The ocular areas
are large relative to the length of the head, and occupy about three-fifths of the
lateral margins.

Antenna (flg. 3A). The two branches of the antenna are approximately the
same length, the anterior margin of the lower branch being slightly wider than
the same of the upper branch. The posterior flagellum of the globulus-bearing
branch is about half the length of the anterior one. The latter is as long as the
single flagellum. The unringed basal portion of the posterior and single

.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 189

flagella are rather long, about one-third the length of their respective branches.
The same region of the anterior flagellum is only slightly shorter. The fourth
segment of the peduncle is larger than the third and bears 2 setae; the more
anterior is longer than the upper branch. A single setae is located on the
mid-dorsal surface of the lower branch.

Trunk. The body is slender. The first tergite bears 2 rows of clavate and
pubescent setae, 4 to each row; the second, 3 rows with 2, 4, and 4 to each row
respectively; the third, 4 rows with 2, 3, 2, and 4 setae; the fourth, 3 rows with 4,
2, and 4 setae; the fifth, 3 rows with 4 in each row; and the sixth, 2 rows of 2 and
4 setae.

Legs. The legs increase in length posteriorly. ‘The first and ninth pairs are
with 5 segments. ‘The remainder of the legs have 6 segments. ‘The coxa and
trochanter of each leg bears a simple setae (figs. 3B, 3C). The tibia and tarsus
of the last pair of legs each bear a seta, a short distance from their proximal ends.
That of the tibia is as long as the joint; that of the tarsus is half its length.

Anal Segment (fig. 3D). The lateral setae of the sternum are about half the
length of those in the posterior pair. No anterior setae were observed. The
intermediate setae of the tergum appear to be about the same length as the

aAImmM
Fig. 3. Pauropus causeyae n. sp. A. left antenna seen from above; B. ven-
tral view of right leg of first pair of adult female; C. ventral view of anal region;
D. ventral view of right leg of ninth pair of adult female.

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

posterior setae of the sternum. ‘The anal plate is truncate at its base and oval
at its distal edge, with two lobes projecting from the same.

Type—Adult female, collected August 3, 1941, from the
Duke Forest in oak and pine humus, now in the United States
National Museum, No. 1435.

Remarks.—The species is distinguished from others described
by the long unringed portions of the flagella, the setae arrange-
ment on the lower branch and the fourth segment of the pe-
duncle, and the anal region. The anal plate of this species and
that of Pauropus argentinensis are similar, but the proportion
and shape of the antennal branches of Pauropus causeyae easily
distinguishes it.

Pauropus dukensis, new species

Material. Three adult specimens, one female and two male. Color: White;
Dimensions: Length of body, 0.88 mm.; greatest width of body, 0.18 mm.
greatest length of head, 0.10 mm.; greatest width of head, 0.11 mm.

Head. ‘The head bears 4 rows of dorsal, slightly clavate more nearly cylindri-
cal, long, and finely pubescent setae, with 1, 5, 4, and 6 setae respectively in
each row.

Antenna (fig. 4A). On the antenna the fourth segment of the peduncle bears
two dorsal and tapering setae which are as long as the lower branch. The upper
branch is longer than the last three segments of the peduncle and about one-
fourth longer and half as wide as the lower branch. The unringed basal por-
tions of the flagella supported by the lower branch are only slightly shorter
than the similar structure supported by the upper branch. The globulus is
spherical and nearly sessile, with a diameter of about the same length as the
basal portion of the anterior and posterior flagella.

Trunk. The setae of each tergite are arranged near the edges. Tergite one
bears 2 rows of 4 setae; tergite 2, 3 rows with 2, 5, and 4 setae respectively; ter-
gite 3, 3 rows with 4, 2, and 4 setae; tergite 5, 4 rows with 2, 4, 2, and 4 setae; and
the last tergite, 3 rows of 2 setae. ‘The last two pair of sensory bristles are rather
heavily pubescent. Paired penes in the male are as shown in figure 4E.

Legs. The legs are all rather long, but increase in length posteriorly; the last
pair are about one and one-half times as long as the first pair. The coxa and
trochanter of each leg bear a seta; those on the last pair are biramous. Leg
pairs one and nine are without a metatarsus. A rather long seta extends
from the tarsus of the ninth leg, a shorter one from the tibia (Fig. 4C).

Anal Segment (fig. 4D). The submedian setae of the tergum are slightly
longer than the intermediate setae, and the latter longer than the lateral. On
the sternum the anterior setae are absent. The styli are short and setiform.
The anal plate is truncate at its base, with a somewhat hexagonal plate struc-
ture having an indention on its distal side. ‘Two rather short setae leave the
prongs of the notch.

Type.—An adult male collected from the Duke Forest in oak
humus, July 12, 1941, now in United States National Museum,
No. 1436.

Remarks.—Like Pauropus inornatus, P. dukensis has unusu-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 191

ally long antennal branches, but it is easily distinguished by the
shape of its anal plate and arrangement of setae on‘its anal
segment.

D

o.1 mM

Fig. 4. Pauropus dukensis n. sp. A. right antenna seen from above; B.
ventral view of left leg of first pair of adult male; C. ventral view of right leg
of ninth pair of adult male; D. ventral view of anal region; E. left penis seen
from the side.

192 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

Stylopauropus species

It is clear that a new species found in the Duke Forest belongs
to the genus Stylopauropus, but insufficient material precludes
a further description.

The stalk upon which the peduncle rests is greater than the diameter of the
globulus itself (Fig. 5A). The setae on the coxa of the first and ninth pair of
legs are peculiar and are shown in figures 5B 5C,.

LIST OF KNOWN PAUROPODA

The reported distribution of Pauropoda by countries is given
in the following list. It is to be understood that the list is
merely a compilation of the genera and species as they appear in
the literature, and does not express opinions of the writer.
Species which have been questioned as being valid are indicated
in the following manner: a question mark before the name
means that the whole reference is questionable; after the generic
name, that the generic name is questionable; and after the
species that the validity of the species has been questioned.

It appears that all the species of Allopauropus which were
described before the genus was subdivided have not been reclassi-
fied relative to their respective subgenera.

Acopauropus ? Cook, 1896.

A. ornatus (Latzel, 1884). Cook, 1896—Austria, Germany.
Eurypauropus ornatus Latzel, 1884 (type).

Allopauropus ? Silvestri, 1902.

. brevisetus Silvestri, 1902 (?type)—Italy

. barcinonensis Remy, 1933—France, Spain.
. brolemannit Remy, 1935d—France.

. corsicus Remy, 1940—France.

. decaryi Remy, 1937—Madagascar.

. graviert Remy, 1935d—France.

hesset Remy, 1935c—France.

. jeanneli Remy, 1935b—East Africa.

. minutus Silvestri, 1902—Italy.

. productus Silvestri, 1902—France, Greece, Italy.
. ribautt Remy, 1937—Dalmatia.

AS AX AX AA AA AQ AQ AX AS AS AR

Allopauropus (Allopauropus) Remy, 1936.

A. (A.) aristatus Remy, France.
A. (A.) danicus (Hansen, 1902). Remy, 1936—Denmark,
England, France, Greece, Great Britain, Italy.
Pauropus danicus Hansen, 1902.
A. danicus var. rectistylus Remy, 1938—Rumania.
A. (A.) denisi Remy, 1936b—France.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 193

. (4.) distinctus Remy, 1936 (Bagnall in litt.)—Germany,
Great Britain.
. (4.) doryphorous Remy, 1936b—Greece.
. (4.) furcula Silvestri, 1902. Remy, 1936—Greece, Italy.
A. furcula Silvestri, 1902.
. (4.) fuscinifer Remy, 1936b—Rumania.
. (4.) gracilis (Hansen, 1902). Remy, 1936—Denmark,
England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy.
Pauropus gracilis Hansen, 1902.

AA RRA

A. (A.) helveticus (Hansen, 1902). Remy, 1936—France.
Pauropus helveticus Hansen, 1902.
A. (A.) helveticus var. obtusicornis Remy, 1935e—France.

a1Mm mM

Fig. 5. Stylopauropus sp. A. left antenna seen from above; B. ventral
view of right leg of first pair from adult female; C. side view of left leg of ninth
pair from adult female.

194 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

A. (A.) multiplex Remy, 1936—Germany.
A. (A.) sceptrifer Remy, 1936b—France.

A. (A.) subminutus Remy, 1936b—France.
PARMA?
Yale Gal

) thallossophilus Remy, 1935a—France.

.) vulgaris (Hansen, 1902). Remy, 1936—Denmark,
England, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Jugo-
slavia.

Pauropus vulgaris Hansen, 1902.
A. (A.) zerlingae Remy, 1936a—France.

Allopauropus (Decapauropus) Remy, 1936.

A. (D.) cuenoti (Remy, 1931). Remy, 1937c—France.
Decapauropus cuenott Remy, 1931 (type).

A. (D.) amaudruti Remy, 1936—Germany.

A. amaudruti var. cordier1 Remy, 1938—Yugoslavia.

A. (D.) helophorus Remy, 1936b—Rumania.

A. (D.) sabaudianus Remy, 1936—France, Jugoslavia, Great

Britain.

Decapauropus sabaudianus Remy, 1935.

Allopauropus (Thalassopauropus) Remy, 1936b.

A. (T.) remyt (Bagnall, Wade). Remy, 1936b—England.
Thalassopauropus remyi Bagnall, 1935a.

Asphaeridiopus Bagnall, 1935.
A. ashrowthi Bagnall, 1935 (type)—Scotland.

Australopauropus Bagnall, 1935.

A. speciosus (Harrison, 1914) Bagnall, 1935—New South
Wales.
Eurypauropus speciosus Harrison, 1914 (type).

Brachypauropus Latzel, 1884.

B. hamiger Latzel, 1884 (type)—Austria-Hungary.
B. lubbockt Bagnall, 1914—England.

B. superbus Hansen, 1902—Italy

B. tuberosus Remy, eect any.

Eurypauropus Ryder, 1879.

E. spinosus Ryder, 1879a, b (type)—Indiana, Massachusetts,
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania.

E. consobrinus Remy, 1937b—France.

E. hastatus Attems, 1895—Austria.

E. okinoshimensis Esaki, 1934—Japan.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 195

Gravieripus Remy, 1937b.

G. latzeli eee 1896). Remy, 1937a—Austria, Germany,
taly.
Eurypauropus spinosus Latzel, 1884 (non E. spinosus
Ryder) (type).
E. latzel1 Cook, 1896.
E. hansenii Silvestri, 1902.
E. latzeli Hansen, 1902.
E. (E.) latzelli Verhoeff, 1934.

Hemipauropus Silvestri, 1902.
H. leptoproctus Berlese, 1902 (type)—Italy.

Neopauropus Kishida, 1928.
N. niwai Kishida, 1928 (type)—Japan.

Pauropus Lubbock, 1866.

P. huxleyi Lubbock, 1866 (type)—Austria, California, Den-
mark, England, France, Germany, Italy. Massa-
chusetts, Pennsylvania, Russia.

? P. lubbockii Packard, 1870. Latzel, 1883.

. huxleyi var. filiformis ? Latzel, 1884—Austria.

. huxleyi var. lanceolatus Remy, 1937—Finland.

amicus Harrison, 1914—New South Wales.

arctus Hilton, 1931la—Alaska.

. argentinensis Hansen, 1902—Argentina.

. armatus Hansen, 1902—Siam.

australis Harrison, 1914—New South Wales.

bagnalli Remy, 1935e—France.

bollmani ? Cook, 1896—Indiana.

burrowesi Harrison, 1914—New South Wales.

californianus Hilton, 1930a—California.

caudaspinosus Hilton, 1930a—New York.

claviger Hansen, 1902—Siam.

dawydoffi Remy, 1933a—Indo-China.

elegantulus Hansen, 1902—Siam.

filiformis ? Cook, 1896—Austria.

furcifer Silvestri, 1902—France, Great Britain, Italy,

Jugoslavia, Rumania.

globus Hilton, 1930a—California.

. mpar ? Cook, 1896—Long Island.

. indigenous Hilton, 1930a—California.

. nornatus Hansen, 1902—Paraguay.

. intermedius Hansen, 1902—Chile.

. laminus Hilton, 1930—California.

. manus Hilton, 1933—New Mexico.

. medianus Hilton, 1934a—lowa.

Ba dada dada dada Ba Ta Tela Ta Ta Tae ata ta Data Tacdas

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

. medius Hilton, 1930a—California.

. mexicanus Hilton, 1930a—Mexico.

. modestus Hansen, 1902—Siam.

. mortensentt Hansen, 1902—Siam.
nexus Hilton, 1933—New Mexico.
novaehollandiae Harrison, 1914—New South Wales.
oculatus Hansen, 1902—Siam.
pectinatus Hansen, 1902—Italy.
pinus Hilton, 1930a—California.
pygmaeus Hansen, 1902—Argentina.
. quercus Hilton, 1930a—California.

. robustus Hansen, 1902—Chile.

. santus Hilton, 1930a—California.

. Stamensts Hansen, 1902—Siam.

. simulans Hansen, 1902—Siam.

. spectabilis Hansen, 1902—Chile.

. spinifer Hansen, 1902—Siam.

uty tytyte te tet yy ty tye yy

Polypauropus Remy, 1932.

P. duboscqi Remy, 1932 (type)—France, Greece.
P. duboscqi var. inflatisetus Remy, 1938—France.
P. legert Remy, 1940—France.

Remypus Verhoeff, 1934.

R. sequanus (Remy, 1930). Verhoeff, 1934—France, Greece.
Allopauropus sequanus Remy, 1930 (type).

Samarangopus Verhoeff, 1934.

? Austrolopauropus (Bagnall, 1935). Remy, 1937.
S. jacobsont (Silvestri, 1930). Verhoeff, 1934—Java.
Eurypauropus jacobsont Silvestri, 1930 (type).

Scleropauropus Silvestri, 1902.

S. hastifer Silvestri, 1902 (type)—Italy.
S. grasser Remy, 1936a—France.

S. hansent Bagnall, 1935—England.

S. lyrifer Remy, 1936—Germany.

S. portitor Remy, 1935—France.

Sphaeropauropus Silvestri, 1930.
S. malayus Silvestri, 1930—Java.

Stylopauropus Cook, 1896.
S. pedunculatus (Lubbock, 1866). Cook, 1896 (type)—Aus-
tria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Italy,
Jugoslavia, Russia,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 197

. pedunculatus var. brevicornis Remy, 1936—France.
pedunculatus var. brito Remy, 1938—France.

alaskensis Hilton, 1931la—Alaska.

atomus ? Cook, 1896—Long Island (U. S. A.).

. dawsont Hilton, 193la—Yukon Territory.

. digitis Hilton, 1930a—California.

. globus Hilton, 1931la—Alaska.

. locatus Hilton, 1930a—Oregon.

. pubescens Hansen, 1902—France, Germany, Great Britain,
Italy, Rumania.

. simplus Hilton, 1930a—Lower California.

Thaumatopauropus Esaki, 1934.
T. glomerans Esaki, 1934 (type)—Japan.

Trachypauropus ? To6mésvary, 1882.

T. glomeriodes Tomosvary, 1882 (type)—Austria-Hungary,
Italy.
Eurypauropus cycliger Latzel, 1884.
E. (Latzelipus) cycliger Verhoeff, 1934.
E. poecillifer Silvestri, 1902.

REFERENCES
Attems, C. G.
1895. Die Myriopoden Steirmarks. Sitzungsber. Akad.
Wien. 104:117—238.
1930. Symphyla, Pauropoda, Diplopoda, and Chilopoda.
Kukenthal’s Handb. Zool. 4:1—402.
Bagnall, R. S.
1909. Notes on some Pauropoda from the counties of
Northumberland and Durham. ‘Trans. Hist. Soc.
Newcastle 39:462—466.
1911. A synopsis of the British Pauropoda. Ibid. (N. S.)
3 654-660.
1914. Notes on Pauropoda with a brief description of a new
species. Ibid. 4:59-60.
1918. Records of some new British diplopods and pauropods,
with a preliminary check list of the British “‘Myria-
podsexr dour, Zool Res 03:8 7-95:
1935. An extended classification of the pauropods to include
two new families. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 16:
619-629.
1935a. On Thalassopauropus Remy gen. et sp. no., an halo-
philous pauropod, and on the genus Decapauropus
Remy. §seots Nat. */9=82:
Cook, O. F.
1896. Anenumeration of the Pauropoda. Brandtia 6:29-32,

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

Daday.:
1889. Myriapoda Regni Hungariae. Budapest 1-126.
Esaki, Teiso
1934. ‘Two new forms of the Pauropoda from Japan. Annot.
Zool. Jap. 14:339-345.
Haase, E.
1885. Schlesiens Symphylen und Pauropoden. Zeitschr.
Ent. 10:1—16.
Hansen, lea):
1902. On the genra and species of the Order Pauropoda.
Vidensk. Medd. (1902): 323-424.
Harrison, 1.
1914. On some Pauropoda from New South Wales. Proc.
Linn. Soc. 39:615-634.
Hilton, W. A.
1928. The occurrence of a member of the Class Pauropoda
in, Galiiornia, Sjour~int. Zool, 20:65:
1930. A member of the genus Pauropus from the Techachapi.
lipid ° 22153-1954.
1930a. Pauropoda from North America. Ann: Ent. Soc.
Amer. 23:/65=782.
1930b. The distribution of Pauropoda. Sci. 71:69.
1931. Another record of a pauropod from Santa Cruz Island.
JourEnt>Zool® 23:47.
193la. Pauropoda from Alaska and the Yukon. Canad. Ent.
63 :28—-284.
1931b. Pauropoda in Alaska. Sci. 74:338.
1933. Pauropoda from New Mexico. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.
Columbus. 26:554-556.
1934. A new species of Pauropus from Iowa. Ent. News.
45 67-68.
Kenyon, F. C.
1895. ‘The morphology and classification of the Pauropoda,
with notes on the morphology of the Diplopoda.
Tufts College Studies. 4:76—-146.
Kishida, K.
1928. <A Japanese species of Pauropoda (Neopauropus niwat).
Annots Zoolaijaps » il:33 7-383.
Latzel R.
1883. Die Pauropoden Oéesterreichs: Ordnung Pauropoda
Lubbock. Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. 33:123—-128.
1884. Die Myriopoden der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Mon-
archie. 2te Halfte. Die Symphylen, Pauropoden
und Diplopoden. Wien. 1-414.
Lubbock, J.
1866. On Pauropus, a new type of centipede. Trans. Linn.
Soc. 26s181=190!

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 199

PackarcsNn9:5 )0-
1870. A remarkable myriapod. Amer. Nat. 4:621.
1870a. Sir John Lubbock’s Pauropus. Ibid. 3:45.
Pocoek, Ru I:

1893. On the classification of the trachaete Arthropoda.

Zool. Anzs 16:271—275.
Remy, P.

1930. Description d’un nouveau Pauropode de la fauna de
France. | Arch. Zool. exp. gen. 70:73-82.

1931. Un nouveau type de Pauropode: Decapauropus
cuenoti, nov. gen., nov. spec. Arch. Zool. exp. gen.
71:67-82.

1932. Un Pauropode de Banyuls-sur-Mer type d’une famile
nouvelle: Polypauropus duboscqi nov. gen., nov.
spec. Ibid. 74:287—303.

1933. Allopauropus barcinonensis nou Pauropode de Catal-
unya. Mem. Acad. Barcelona. 23:271-274.

1933a. Un Pauropode nouveau d’Indochine: Pauropus dawy-
doe n.sp., Haunes@olon)) Franc, .3:189-193.

1935. -Pauropodes Francais. Vogesia. 1:2—-4.

1935a. Diagnoses de Pauropodes nouveaux. Ibid. 1:6-8.

1935b. Myriapoda. I. .Pauropoda. Mission Scientif. de
rOmosRarisyp2h65—19 1"

1935c. Pauropodes de Bourgogne. Bull. Sci. Bourgogne.
4 :60-69.

1935d. Pauropodes du Museum National d’histoire naturelle
(Collection H. W. Brolemann). Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris, (2)- *7:209=216:

1935e. Quelques Pauropodes de France et des Balkans. Bull.
Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz. (3) 34:271-294.

1936. Beitrag zur Fauna der Myriapoden Deutschlands,
mit Beschreibung neuer Arten. - Zool. Anz. Leipzig.
iiG-310—320:

1936a. Pauropodes du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Is Bull. Mus? Hist. Nat.Paris:: 8:69—76.

1936b. Pauropodes du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
IE bide: RS132=137-

1936c. Pauropodes de France et des Balkans, avec descrip-
tion d’especes nouvelles. Arch. Zool. exp. gen.
78 A3—311.

1937. Description de deux nouveaux Pauropodides. Bull.
use blist-INat. Paris, ~9:309-312.

1937a. Die Eurypauropodidae (Myriapoda, Pauropoda) des
Naturhistorischen Museums zu Wien. Verh. Zool.-
bot. Ges. Wien. 86:5-34.

1937b. Les Eurypauropodinae du Museum National d’His-

toire Naturalle. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat,. Paris,
9:252-257.

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

Remy, P.—(Continued).
1937c. Sur quelques Myriapodes de |’Europe boreale. Ann
Ent. Fennici. 3:140—145.
1938. Pauropodes de France, d’Allemagne, et des Balkans
avec description de quatre formes nouvelez. Bull.
Soc: Hist. Nat. Metz. 35:153-178.
1940. Contribution a la faune des Myriapodes de corse.
Bull. Soc. Zool. France. 65:45—57.
Ryder; J. A:
1879. An account of a new genus of minute pauropod myria-
pods-. Amer: Nat) 13:605-6172-
1879a. Notice of a new pauropod. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philaey 9 (1879):139:
1879b. Larva of Eurypauropus spinosus. Ibid. (1879) :164.
Schmidt, P.
1895. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der niederen Myriopoden.
Ziet. wiss. Zool. 59:436—510.
Silvestri, F.
1895. Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi, Sym-
phyli, Pauropodi, e Diplopodi del Umbria e del
Lazio. Boll“Socs) Rom: Zool 3191-201.
1902. Acari, Myriapoda et scorpions hucusque in Italia
reperta. Ordo Pauropoda. Portici. viii—85.
1930. Descrizione di due nuovi Pauropode (Myriapoda) di
Giava: Bull. Ihab. Zool, Portiem 23=227-25e
Snodgrass, R. E.
1938. Evolution of the Annelids, Onychophora, and Arthro-
, poda. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 97:1-159.
Tomosvary, E.
1884. A heterognathak egy uj alakja Hazankban. ’Eine
neue Art der Heterognathen. Term. fuzetek.
7:39-40.
Verhoeff, K. W.
1934. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-Reichs.
Symphyla und Pauropoda. Leipzig. 1-200.
Williams, W. R. and R. A. Hefner.
1928. The millipedes and centipedes of Ohio. Ohio Biol.
Sur. pulls 18-93-1477.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 201

TWO NEW BUPRESTIDAE (Coleoptera)

By W. S. FisHer

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

In working over material received for identification during
the past two years, the following new species of buprestid beetles
were found.

Agrilus frisoni, new species

Male.—Rather robust, subcylindrical, feebly shining, uniformly brownish
-cupreous.

Head with front rather wide, subequal in width at top and bottom, with a
broad, deep, longitudinal depression extending from occiput to clypeus; sides
nearly parallel, vaguely, arcuately expanded at vertex; surface densely, finely
granulose, irregularly rugose, densely clothed with long, recumbent, white hairs;
clypeus wide between antennae, broadly, deeply, angularly emarginate in front;
antenna extending slightly beyond anterior margin of pronotum, serrate from
fifth segment, outer segments as wide as long.

Pronotum slightly wider than long, slightly wider at apex than at base, widest
along apica! half; sides nearly parallel from apical angles to middle, then feebly,
obliquely narrowed to posterior angles, which are rectangular; marginal and
submarginal carinae widely separated anteriorly, united near middle; anterior
margin strongly sinuate, median lobe strongly produced and broadly rounded;
base arcuately emarginate on each side, median lobe moderately produced,
broadly subtruncate in front of scutellum; disk moderately convex, with a very
broad, deep, median depression extending from base to near anterior margin,
the depression much deeper at middle, a large, deep depression on each side
extending from lateral margin to median third; prehumeral carinae strongly
elevated, extending from near base to middle of pronotum; surface coarsely,
closely, transversely rugose, finely, densely punctate between rugae, sparsely
clothed in depressions with moderately long, recumbent, white hairs. Scutellum
vaguely, transversely carinate, densely, finely granulose.

Elytra broadly, shallowly constricted in front of middle; tips separately
narrowly rounded, obsoletely dentate; disk slightly flattened along sutural
margins, which are slightly elevated posteriorly; basal depressions broad and
deep; surface finely, densely imbricate-punctate, sparsely, uniformly clothed
with short, recumbent, white hairs.

Abdomen broadly exposed above, strongly convex beneath; surface densely,
finely granulose, sparsely, finely punctate, the punctures connected transversely
by sinuate lines, which are coarser on basal sternite, sparsely, irregularly clothed
with moderately long, recumbent, white hairs; first sternite broadly, vaguely,
longitudinally concave at middle; last visible sternite broadly rounded at apex;
vertical portions of first and second sternites more densely pubescent than ven-
tral surface; pygidium not longitudinally carinate. Prosternum coarsely,
densely rugose, coarsely punctate, rather densely clothed with long, erect, white
hairs; prosternal lobe broad, strongly declivous, broadly, vaguely emarginate

202 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

in front; prosternal process broad, slightly expanded behind coxal cavities, then
converging to apex, which is acute. ‘Tibiae slender, straight, anterior and
middle pairs with a very small tooth on inner margin at apex. Posterior tarsi
about three-fourths as long as tibiae, first segment as long as the following two
segments united. Tarsal claws similar on all feet, cleft near middle, the inner
tooth much shorter and broader than the outer one, and not turned inward.

Length 5.75 mm., width 1.5 mm.

Type locality —Texas (no definite locality given).

Ty pe.—In the United States National Museum, No. 56659.

Described from a single male, labeled simply ‘“Texas,” re-
ceived from Theodore H. Frison.

This species runs to Agrilus illectus Fall in Fisher’s key (U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bul. 145, 1928, p. 15) but it differs from that species
in having the pronotum deeply, longitudinally depressed at the
middle. 4. frisoni differs from all other known species of
Agrilus found in North America in having the antenna serrate
from the fifth segment and the pronotum very deeply, longitudi-
nally depressed at the middle.

The male genitalia resemble those of Agrilus impexus, but
they are more strongly expanded posteriorly, and the median
lobe is broader, more subtruncate at the apex, with the median
tooth more prominent.

Chrysobothris verdevallis, new species

Female.—Rather broadly elongate, moderately convex above, slightly shining,
dark bluish green, with a distinct violaceous tinge on front of head and under-
side of body; antenna brownish cupreous except basal segment, which is bluish
green.

Head flat in front with an irregular, transverse, arcuate, smooth space on
vertex and a vague, narrow, longitudinal groove on occiput; surface coarsely,
densely, uniformly punctate, sparsely clothed with short, semierect, white
hairs; clypeus broadly, deeply, angularly emarginate in front, arcuately rounded
on each side. Antenna distinctly narrowed to apex; intermediate segments
compact, robust, nearly square, broadly subtruncate at outer margins; third
segment distinctly longer than following two segments united.

Pronotum twice as wide as long, slightly narrower at apex than at base,
widest near apex; sides vaguely converging from near apical angles to posterior
angles, which are broadly rounded; anterior margin slightly sinuate, with a
feeble, broadly rounded, median lobe; base broadly, arcuately emarginate on
each side, median lobe slightly produced and broadly rounded; disk uniformly
convex, without depressions or callosities; surface finely, densely granulose,
feebly, transversely rugose, coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate. Scutellum
black, triangular, finely, obsoletely granulose.

Elytra at base distinctly wider than pronotum, twice as long as wide; sides
nearly parallel anteriorly, broadly, arcuately expanded behind middle, then
arcuately converging to tips, which are separately broadly rounded; lateral
margins coarsely serrate posteriorly; basal depressions broad and deep; humeral

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 203

depressions not indicated; disk moderately convex, each elytron with a vague,
median depression in front of middle and a similar depression near sutural
margin at apical fourth; surface glabrous, coarsely, densely, uniformly punctate,
feebly, transversely rugose basally, intervals obsoletely granulose.

Abdomen beneath coarsely, sparsely, irregularly punctate, smooth along
anterior margins of sternites, sparsely clothed with short, inconspicuous, recum-
bent hairs, intervals densely granulose, without lateral callosities; last visible
sternite shallowly, rectangularly emarginate at apex, with a strongly elevated,
coarsely serrate, submarginal ridge, which is transversely truncate and coarsely
serrate in front of apex; lateral margins not serrate; eighth tergite not visible.
Prosternum coarsely, densely punctate, transversely rugose, with a few short,
recumbent, white hairs; anterior margin rounded, with a short, broad, median
lobe; prosternal process strongly, angularly expanded behind coxal cavities.
Anterior femur with a short, broad, triangular tooth, which is coarsely dentate
on outer margin. Anterior tibia strongly arcuate, unarmed; middle and pos-
terior tibiae straight.

Length 6.5 mm., width 2.5 mm.

Type locality—Verde Valley, Ariz.

Type.—In the United States National Museum, No. 56658.

Described from a single female collected at the type locality,
June 25, 1924, by H. Brisley.

This species runs to Chrysobothris smaragdula Fall in Fisher’s
key (U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 470, 1942, p. 29) but it differs
from that species in having the head flat on the vertex and
occiput, the pronotum widest near the apical angles, and the
last visible abdominal sternite shallowly, rectangularly emargi-
nate at the apex, with the submarginal ridge coarsely serrate in
front of the apical emargination.

BOOK REVIEW

Entomologia Agricola del Peru by J. FE. Wille. Paper bound, 445 pp.,
213 figs., Ministerio de Agr., Lima, Peru. 1943. ($5.00, U. S.,
prepaid. May be ordered from Estac. Exper. de La Molina, Apartado
2791, Lima, Peru.)

This work is a resume of the knowledge of agricultural ento-
mology in Peru, which should prove of value to all those inter-
ested in the agriculture and entomology of the region. It is
clearly written in Spanish, without many difficult idiomatic
expressions so that the North American student with some
knowledge of Spanish can read it easily. The work is well
printed on a good grade of paper. A few minor typographical
erros occur, some listed in a page of errata, but these do not

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

detract seriously from the information presented. Numerous
text figures are used; many are original, while some familiar
illustrations are borrowed from North American entomology.

A brief preface and introduction sketch the history of ento-
mological study in Peru and the agricultural situation as to
insect importance. No general discussion is presented of struc-
ture and classification of insects. The bulk of the book is a
series of chapters each listing insects of a class of crops in Peru.
Cotton, sugarcane, cereals (corn, wheat and rice), tropical
special crops (including tobacco), fruits, vegetables and flowers,
and various other crops (including potatoes) are thus treated.
A chapter on stored grain insects and one on methods of insect
control follow these; then an extensive bibliography, glossary,
and index.

In cases where many insects are listed for a crop, they are
classified according to place and method of attack. For each
pest is given something of its importance, distribution, appear-
ance, habits, enemies, and methods of control. Both local and
scientific names are given, as well as references to the bibli-
ography. ‘The status of the pest in Peru is well defined in each
case.

F. M. WapD_LEY.

MINUTES OF THE 538TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
JUNE 3, 1943

The 538th regular meeting of the Society was held Thursday, June 3, 1943, at
8 P. M., in Room 43 of the National Museum. Vice President Annand presided
and 24 members and 13 visitors were present. The minutes of the previous
meeting were read and approved.

By a unanimous ballot the following were elected to membership in the
Society:

Mr. R. G. Oakley, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Hoboken, N. J.
Dr. Max Day, Australian Scientific Mission, Washington, D. C.

Dr. Annand announced that word had been received, that morning, of the
death of W. P. Flint, Entomologist, State of Illinois. The funeral was held
June 5, 1943.

The first paper on the regular program was entitled Preliminary Life History
Studies of Ancylonycha mindanaona (Brenske) in Guam, by R. G. Oakley,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Oakley stated that in this preliminary study the adults of Ancylonycha
mindanaona were found feeding on twenty-five species of trees and the larvae
on the roots of approximately twelve plants. Newly hatched larvae feed upon

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943 205

humus for four or five months before moving to the roots of green plants. When
soil conditions become unfavorable because of drought the larvae move down-
ward to greater depths and rest. Pupation takes place in the soil. Upon
emergence the adults begin to feed immediately. The life of the adults is
apparently quite short. The maximum number of eggs dissected from speci-
mens was thirty-five. Field studies showed that there are no grubs in savannah
land, only a few in heavy soils whereas the lighter soils in the uplands have the
highest concentration of grubs. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Comments followed by Packard.

The second paper on the program was entitled Insect Taxonomy in China,
by T. Y. Hsiao.

Dr. Hsiao presented a general picture of present day conditions in the study
of taxonomic entomology in China. One of the hinderances to more rapid
progress in insect taxonomy lies in the attitude of the younger students. They
prefer to study economic entomology since more emphasis is placed on that
phase of the subject. China is a large country and contains representatives of
three faunas in its boundaries; palaearctic, oriental and indo-malayan. This
makes a revision of any group of insects diffcult. Furthermore all recognized
descriptions of new species from China have been in languages other than
Chinese, which is responsible for the scattering of references. The location
of the ty pes of the new species is as diverse as the literature, in fact the locations
of some seem not to be recorded. Therefore the problem of studying the types
is a very difficult one. The type localities present problems of their own, they
may be so general, such as ‘“‘China”’ as to give no information at all or they may
be simply free spellings of the name of a small town, which name may apply to a
town in any of several provinces. Dr. Hsiao made a number of suggestions
which will aid the progress of insect taxonomy in China. He has suggested
that each entomologist take up a group of insect, with the idea of revising it.
He suggested further that the revisionary studies be confined in geographical
area. In this way the problems will be simplified and progress easier. The
difficulties encountered in the study of types, however, are not easily overcome.
It is nearly impossible to travel over the whole world to see the types, and com-
parison by other, perhaps disinterested parties, is not satisfactory. While he
is able to do so, Dr. Hsiao is making microfilm copies of many references. In
this way it will be possible to gather a large library on a group of insects. (Secre-
tary’s abscract.)

Comment followed by Cushman.

The third paper, entitled Concerning a Mosquito Atlas and two serious Cases
of Anophelophobia, by Lts. H. R. Roberts and E. S. Ross, was presented by Lt.
Roberts.

The Mosquito Atlas, a new publication, is a series of loose-leaf sheets, each of
which fully illustrates and treats a single species. It is being published by the
American Entomological Society at Philadelphia, and Part I will contain “‘The
Nearctic Anopheles, Important Malaria Vectors of the Americas, and Aedes
aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus,”’ and Part II, “‘18 Old World Anopheles Im-
portant to Malaria.” ‘The authors planned this work while at the 8th Service
Command Laboratory, Texas, and were transferred to Washington to carry it
out at the U. S. National Museum. The Mosquito Atlas is a new departure

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 8, NOV., 1943

from the usual systematic treatment of species, and may prove to be a useful
method of treating other groups of insects. Primary emphasis is placed on illus-
trations to avoid long, technical descriptions. ‘The same structure, whether
important or not, for every species is illustrated to facilitate comparisons. The
drawings of the adult are presented on one side of the page and those of the
larva on the reverse side. The identification (salient features); habits; habitat
(of larva); distribution; type locality; source of illustrated specimens; and im-
portance to malaria are presented below the drawings in a condensed and concise
form. It isso planned that each species is treated on a single sheet. ‘The main
edition is printed on ledger paper and suitable holes punches on the inner edge
of the page for a notebook. By this means it is possible to break up each pub-
lished part into a series of sheets, which will enable the user to arrange them for
his own convenience, and to interpolate species from parts printed at a later date.
This also allows the more important species to be treated first and additions and
changes can be made later. It is hoped that in time that all species of Anopheles
can be treated in this manner.

The systematics of the genus Anopheles was briefly discussed. The recogni-
tion by scientific name of fine divisions (“‘varieties””) of a species presented a
difficult problem to those concerned with identification. The need for an arbi-
trary and practical limit for the naming of such subdivisions was suggested.
(Abstract by speaker, Lt. Roberts).

Professor J. C. Bradley was present at the meeting as a visitor.

Adjournment at 9:55 P. M. W. H. ANDERSON,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, November 25, 1943.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, **‘A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,’’ by Adam G, Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions: ...2...0... 000.6004. $3.00
so IME MDErs OM Pe SOCleL atc veri s ne ke cuca ies $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
_pernumber. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, ““The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
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are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b, Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D.C.

FISHER, W. S.—

"STARLING, J. H.—PAUROPODA

VOL. 45 December, 1943 No. 9

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTO! oe

PusiisHepD Montuiy Excerpt Juty, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON 25, D. C,

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
Act of August 24, 1912,

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918.

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
Orcanizep Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M. :

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1943.

Honorary President gia erence set oo 8 Ceti a, io ie eo L. O. Howarp
PHESEAERTE ies i cna katate es Ua Rate, eee ae eens R. W. Harned
PapsPV GCE PV esiQent elo eee ac oon a Pag acne eae P. N. AnnAND
Second i 1cee Presidents | ioe is 3 ore aa eee tat ee ET ee F. W. Poos
Recordine-Secrelarye oho eee ee Geek ek po ee Se ae W. H. AnDERSON
Corresponding, SECHerary ie a8 G2 6 oe: e Yee ale 8 Nee, a he me F. M. WapDLey
TVEGSULER ce io a hoe Ge SEGRE ae aiatee TE aie Neg aaa G. J. HaEussLer
EGR Or Ss A Break adie eaten ettcos as aca Mae Toa see Tate ae eas Aan STONE

Executive Committee . . . H. E. Ew1nc, C. F. W. Mueseseck, E, N. Cory
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Crarkx

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 45 DECEMBER, 1943 No. 9

THE GENERIC POSITION OF HYPOLAMPSIS PILOSA (ILLIGER)
AND SOME RELATED NEW SPECIES (Coleoptera: Halticidae)

By Doris H. Buaxe

Clark states in the introduction to his Catalogue of Halticidae
that the only genus included in the Catalogue that “presented
serious difficulties is the genus Hypolampsis,” and that ‘it con-
tains within it at least three slightly but distinctly different
forms.” In a footnote he adds, “H. pilosa Ill. also represents
another (N.A.) modification of form.” At the end of his
detailed description of the genus he writes that it is a ‘“‘very
dificult group . . . after many weeks of careful micro-
scopic investigation I have ventured to bring all the species
together under a single genus. It will have been obvious from
the preceding generic diagnosis that there is very much dis-
similarity in general form among the species included... [
am unable to satisfy my own mind as to the exact limits of any
subdivision.”” However he thought it “better to unite for the
present at least all together under one single genus, leaving the
task of suggesting subdivisions to future students who shall
have the advantage of a larger amount of materials.”

Haltica pilosa was described from a specimen collected by
Melsheimer in Pennsylvania with Illiger’s' usual full careful
detail so that one can be reasonably certain which of several
closely related species he had before him. Olivier’ a year later
described Altica rugosa from Carolina from Bosc’s collection.
With the help of the illustration this species, too, is fairly
recognizable, and is probably the same as Illiger’s. In 1844
Ziegler® described Oedionychis hispida from Pennsylvania. His
type specimen preserved in the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy in the LeConte collection matches the description of
Haltica pilosa \lliger. In 1860, Clark* described and assigned
to his genus Hypolampsis a specimen from Chevrolat’s collection
from Pennsylvania which was identified, “‘auct. Chevrolat”’, as
Illiger’s species, H. pilosa. In 1873 Crotch,® comparing Illiger’s

1 Tlliger, Mag. f. Insect., 6:105, 1807.

2 Olivier, Ent., 6:707, 1808.

3 Ziegler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2: 46, 47, 266, 272, 1844.
* Clark, Catalogue of Halticidae, p. 258, 1860.

5 Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 25: 57, 1873.

208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

and Clark’s descriptions, decided that Clark’s beetle was “‘evi-
dently very distinct” and named it Hypolampsis clarki1.

On the basis of the two descriptions, the differences between
Illiger’s and Clark’s species may be summed up thus: (1) in
length, Illiger gives 134 lines, Clark, 1 line; (2) in shape, Illiger
describes the elytra as elongate, Clark, as broad, globose; (3) in
Illiger, between the eyes are two flattish protuberances; in Clark,
the space between the eyes is without fovea or depressions; (4)
in Illiger, the antennae are yellow brown with black apical
joints; in Clark, entirely flavous; (5) in Illiger, the surface of
the thorax is uneven; in Clark, “equate.”

Therefore it may be deduced that Clark did not have Illiger’s
species before him when he referred it to the genus Hypolampsts.
Clark described his beetle as being without any antemedial
depression on the elytra and having the elytral punctures
entirely concealed by thick flavous pubescence. ‘These last
points do not apply to any of the species considered in the
present paper. All of them are marked by a distinct depres-
sion below the basal callosity near the suture, and in all of
them, the elytral striae show distinctly through the pubescence.
Going a step farther, one may say that Illiger’s species may
very well not belong at all to the genus Hy polampsis as conceived
by Clark, and that none of the species in the closely related
group treated in this paper belongs to Hypolampsis either. In
fact Jacoby has described as Omotyphus suturalis a species very
near to pilosa from western Mexico. What the beetle is that
Clark described is not apparent. ‘The description does not fit
any North American one known to me. Possibly it is from
some other locality.

Even if the species which Clark presumed was correctly identi-
fied as pilosa were Illiger’s species or one closely related to it, I
do not believe it is well to keep it in the genus Hypolampsis. Of
the 36 other species that Clark described and included under
this name, 1 comes from Chile, 30 from Brazil, 1 from Surinam,
2 from the Island of St. Paul, and 2 from Bogota. Since Clark,
Jacoby has described 1 from Mexico, 1 from the West Indies
(assigned to the genus Hadropoda by Blake®); Crotch has
described 1 from Kansas; Weise 1 from Brazil; Kirsch 1 from
Ecuador. Since all but three of the species hitherto referred to
Hypolampsis, one of which is the probably wrongly identified
pilosa, are South American species, it seems to be best to regard
one of the latter as being representative of the genus. There-
fore in order to limit the genus which Clark himself has confessed
is made up of several “forms,” I hereby designate H. bali
Clark as type of the genus Hypolampsis. ‘This is the second
one described by Clark under that genus. The first, a large

6 Blake, Bull. Mus, Comp. Zool., 92 (8):413, 1943,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 209

species from Chile, is not chosen because Clark described it as
being somewhat different in characters from the rest. For
the North American species which have hitherto gone under
the name of Hypolampsis pilosa a new generic name is proposed,
Distigmoptera, from 4s two, oriva a mark, rrepov wing.

Hypolampsis mellyt Cr. is a very rare species of which I have
seen only one specimen, the type. It is not closely related to
Distigmoptera. Probably it is the northern representative of a
Central. American genus. Until these groups can be studied
as a whole, I think it best to leave it in its present genus. The
situation is the same in regard to the monotypic genus Pseudo-
lampsis Horn, containing only the single species, guttata, de-
scribed by LeConte from Louisiana. It too is extremely rare
in collections, and is possibly a subtropical beetle belonging
to a group found more commonly in the tropics. Drawings
of the two types have been included in this paper in order to
enable the student to recognize these two rare beetles. Both
these species differ from Duistigmoptera in lacking the elytral
pits and are not very closely related.

The species described in this paper form a closely related
natural group, which may be roughly divided into two subgroups
according to size, the larger and the smaller species. ‘The small
species, of which there are undoubtedly many, are poorly
represented in collections, more so than the large ones. I have
described one very distinct species from one specimen collected
by E. A. Schwarz in Washington, D. C. Of each of the new
species described from Costa Rica there is only the type speci-
men, and the same is true of a well marked species from Arizona.
Much more material is needed for study. I believe there are
more species represented among the few specimens that I have
been able to study, but I am unwilling to describe them on the
basis of so few specimens. Nothing whatever is known of
their life histories or their host plants.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS DISTIGMOPTERA

From 2-5 mm. in length, oblong oval, varying from yellow brown to deep
brownish or black, conspicuously pubescent, the hairs often in part erectish;
antennae not more than half the length of the body, with the 5 outer joints
thickened; head and thorax coarsely punctate, the latter uneven; elytra wider
than thorax, coarsely striate-punctate, a depression running obliquely from
within the humerus to a more or less pronounced depressed spot on each elytron
near the suture before the middle; hind femora thickened, hind claws swollen,
anterior coxal cavities closed.

Head moderately elongate, not much produced in front, but usually with
distinct frontal tubercles separated by a deep groove, coarsely and densely
punctate and pubescent. Antennae usually not extending much below the
humeri; joints 3-6 slenderer than the rest, 7-11 thickened, in some species nearly
or quite as wide as long. Prothorax quadrate, in most species somewhat wider

210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

than long and a little wider than head, with straight sides and distinct margin,
at each corner a seta-bearing nodule, the basal margin rather straight, not
sinuate. Disc uneven, in the larger species usually with more or less of an
antemedian elevation, in some species like a crown, with a central depression,
also depressed on the sides and below the frontal elevations; surface coarsely
and densely punctate and usually but not always with erectish hairs. Scutel-
lum triangular and covered with dense appressed pubescence. Elytra much
wider than prothorax with well rounded, rather prominent humeri and an intra-
humeral depression extending down below the basal callosities, which are well
marked in most species, to a distinct depressed spot near the suture, this sutural
depression on each elytron present in all the species, particularly marked in
the southern, more tropical ones. Punctation in striae varying in coarseness,
sometimes the interval between the striae wider than the punctures, in other
species the punctures almost square and contingent. The pubescence also
variable, usually consisting of shorter and more appressed hairs mingled with
less dense and erectish hairs, these latter darker than the grayish or brownish
appressed pubescence, in no case entirely concealing the punctation below.
Body beneath shining, usually paler or reddish brown with finer, closely ap-
pressed hairs, the back of the thickened hind femora with pubescence as dense
and coarse as on the elytra; the surface of the prosternum as densely punctate
as the disc of the prothorax; the coxae rather widely separate, the anterior ones
closed. Legs moderately short and stout; hind tibia with a suggestion of
grooving and at the end dilated to form a socket for the tarsus, this socket
fringed with tiny comb-like teeth and at the end a short spur; claws in male
each with a well developed tooth at base, in female only shortly appendiculate.

Type of genus: Distigmoptera apicalis, new species.

Key TO THE SPECIES

Pe Large, 3=5 mm. an lengehts:s.\.0...020). 6 aviator ee 2
Sumialler, 2-2-8 mimganvlength : 5 i 2.00 6 53 ol sane east ee 5
2. Antenna with apical joint or distal joints pale.................------ 3
Antenna. with distal joints dark... .!n2. S.2.62 = tae ada een 4

3. Elytra with pronounced intrahumeral depression extending from
humeri down below the basal callosities. (Brownsville, Texas). .

texand Nn. sp.
Elytra with only slight trace of intrahumeral depression. (Ontario

to." LEXAS)isi.! < eC Neer ar tel sak totorst: oases Cl emaere ame apicalis n. sp.
4. From 3.5—4.7 mm. long (eastern and coastal region from Quebec to
Texas) fotj.:a 1c ESE Goh Sessile chins ee eee pilosa (Illiger)

From 3.2-3.6 mm. long (Indiana, lowa, Kansas, Michigan)
mesochorea n. sp.

5. Five distal joints of antenna wider than long........... schwarzi n. sp.
Distal joints not wider ithanjlong. .< «2. je: jcse eee: 3-2 ee 6

6. Last 2 distal joints paler than preceding ones (Costa Rica)............. 7
Last 2 distal joints mot paler than preceding...<....-....-:2-53:eeeee 8

7. Elytral hairs long, erectish, with no shorter appressed pubescence;
elytral punctation large, contingent near base.......... capillosa n. sp.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 2M

Elytral hairs short and appressed; elytral punctation not contingent
butthe puncturesiwelliseparated...5........ .9. seer brevihirta n. sp.

8. Fifth and sixth antennal joints pale, remainder dark. (Mexico)....
suturalis (Jacoby)

Ailithesproximalls ointts§ pales hort oe ae ose een nee nee ene 9
9, Elytra with a slight transverse ridging behind the basal callosities.
(Nt onva)) seo oerra Meeeree tee. Gtr (herare ER eles ohne falli n. sp.
Elytra with no trace of transverse ridging. (Eastern and northern,
fromueNewsonunswickatonVontame))ar, . 24.450 see eben Acie reesei ae 10
10. Males either wingless or with wings reduced. (Isle au Haut, Maine,
IN TaSS3)) 39s ope ac INCRE Were crit nes steeds ¢ Sanne impennata Nn. sp.
Wings fully developed in both sexes. (New Brunswick to the Rocky
Noun Gains) pee etetoneeistns Seis sor at «Meat a Ree borealis n. sp.

Distigmoptera pilosa (lIlliger)
(Plate 1, Fig. 1.)
Haltica pilosa Wliger, Mag. f. Insect., 6:105, 1807.

From 3.5-4.7 mm. long, deep brownish or blackish with paler legs, densely
covered with grayish, brownish, and often along the suture with golden or cop-
pery pubescence; antennae paler brown with the last 4 or 5 joints dark; pro-
thorax uneven with antemedian prominences; each elytron with a depression
near the suture before the middle.

Head with interocular space usually a little less than half its width, densely
and coarsely punctate, without occipital protuberances, frontal tubercles well
marked with a depression between but not much swollen. Antennae extending
a little below the humeri, the last 4 or 5 joints darker than the basal ones,
apical joint never pale, the last 5 joints much thickened. Prothorax scarcely
any wider than long, with straight sides; a seta-bearing nodule at each corner;
very densely and often confluently and coarsely punctate; surface uneven, with
two moderately developed tubercles before the middle and between and below
them a less prominent elevation, producing in the centre a small depression;
on the sides smaller ridges; lightly pubescent. Elytra densely pubescent, the
pubescence consisting of closely appressed hairs, some coppery or golden,
especially along the suture at base, others grayish, forming a wavy pattern
more apparent in apical half, and less dense, long, erectish hairs; a slightly
marked intrahumeral depression running obliquely to a more marked depressed
spot near the suture; at the base near the scutellum a slight tendency to ridging,
the striate punctation deep and coarse, especially in basal half, and quite visible
through the pubescence. The thickened hind femora on back covered with
a pubescence similar to that on the elytra. Anterior legs and undersurface of
the hind femora, tibiae and tarsi usually paler.

Type from Pennsylvania, collected by Melsheimer.

Distribution: Quebec (Joliette); Ontario (Blackburn); Massa-
chusetts (Brookline, Dover, Framingham, Wayland); New
York (Rockaway Beach); Pennsylvania; Washington, D. C.;
Virginia (Barcroft, Falls Church, Ft. Monroe, Virginia Beach);

PN. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

Kentucky (Louisville); Florida (Crescent City, Dunedin, St.
Petersburg); Texas.

Remarks: This is probably the species described by Illiger
as pilosa. It is also Ziegler’s hispida, the type of which is in
the LeConte collection at Cambridge, a male, badly rubbed
but with the distinguishing characters quite plain. ‘There are
several species, all very similar although differing in size and
other rather inconspicuous details, which have always gone
under Illiger’s name pilosa. The size, 134 lines long (2 lines in
Ziegler’s hispida), makes Illiger’s species definitely one of the
larger species of the group. The color of the antennae, given
by Illiger as being with entirely dark apical joints, is the clearest
point of his description in differentiating the species. One
other large species, having the apical joint of the antenna pale,
also occurs in the eastern Atlantic states. ‘This species is noted
by Horn as being a brown color form of pilosa. In reality it is
quite distinct.

Distigmoptera mesochorea, new species
(Plate 1, Fig. 2.)

Between 3.2 and 3.6 mm. long, dark brown or black, the legs and first six
antennal joints paler; covered with gray and brownish pubescence, some hairs
erectish; coarsely and densely punctate; prothorax uneven with antemedian
elevations; on each elytron a depressed spot near the suture before the middle.

Head with the interocular space half its width; densely and coarsely punctate
and pubescent; frontal tubercles separated by a narrow groove. Antennae not
extending much below the humeri, the six proximal joints paler than the thick-
ened distal joints. Prothorax a little wider than long, with straight sides, a
seta-bearing nodule at each corner; surface densely and coarsely punctate and
pubescent; three median elevations in the form of a half crown before the
middle. Elytra covered with fine, closely appressed gray and brown pubescence,
forming a wavy pattern, and with longer, erectish, dark, not so dense hairs;
the coarse striate punctation distinctly visible through the pubescence; a well
marked intrahumeral depression curving inwards towards the suture and termi-
nating in a concavity before the middle of the elytra near the suture. Body
beneath deep reddish brown or piceous, legs usually paler, shining, covered with
light pubescence.

Type male U.S.N.M.Cat. No. 56743.

Type locality—lIowa City, Iowa, collected June 10, 1917,
by L.L.Buchanan.

Distribution—Michigan (Port Huron, Marquette, collected
by Hubbard and Schwarz); Kansas (Douglas Co., collected
by F. H. Snow, and in Riley Co. by E. A. Popenoe); Missouri
(Washington Co.); Indiana (Lake Co., collected by W. S.
Blatchley).

Remarks.—In size this species is intermediate between the
large and the small ones of the group. It is very close to
pilosa but differs in being smaller and also slightly in the shape

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45 PLATE 18

|. Distigmoptera pilosa (IIL) 2. D.mesochorea

3. D.apicalis 4. Dtexana

[ 213]

214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

of the aedeagus. On the lower surface, the opening in the
aedeagus is longer in proportion to the entire length. Possibly
it is only a variety but among the few specimens examined |
have not seen any intergradation between the eastern and
western specimens. However it is certainly not so distinctive
as the following two species.

Distigmoptera apicalis, new species
(Plate 1, Fig.-3.)

Between 3.5 and 4.5 mm. long, yellowish or deep reddish brown or not infre-
quently dark brown with paler areas on humeri and along the sides of the elytra;
densely covered with brownish, gray, or about the suture, golden pubescence,
this pubescence of both closely appressed and longer, erect dark hairs. Antennae
with joints 7-10 dark, apical joint pale.

Head with interocular space a little more than half its width, densely and
coarsely punctate, a small pit-like depression between the frontal tubercles,
lightly pubescent. Antennae not extending much below the humeri, joints 7-10
dark, the apical one usually pale. Prothorax a little wider than long, with
straight sides and a seta-bearing nodule at each corner; surface very uneven
with a pronounced median depression below the middle and a smaller one before
the middle, these two concavities kept from forming a median channel by a
semicircular antemedian elevation; surface densely and coarsely punctate and
pubescent. Elytra with long incurving intrahumeral depression ending near
the suture in a shallow concavity; striation coarse and visible through the
dense, closely appressed, yellowish brown or gray pubescence, and the longer
and more erect dark hairs. Legs and undersurface shining reddish brown with
pale pubescence, the back of the hind femora with a pubescence similar to that
on the elytra.

Type male and 4 paratypes, 2 males, 2 females, U.S.N.M.
Cat. No. 56744.

Type locality—Wialdwood, N.J., collected June 23, 1935 by
L. Bottimer.

Distribution.—Ontario (Pt. Pelee); Massachusetts (Wayland);
New Jersey (Seaside Hts., Sea Isle, Wildwood); New York
(Rockaway); Maryland (Forest Glen); Washington, D. C.;
Virginia (Falls Church, Woodstock); Indiana (Marion Co.,
Harrison Co. on willow, W.S. Blatchley); Kentucky (Frank-
fort); Tennessee (Nashville); North Carolina (Southern Pines);
Georgia (Peach Co., in a peach orchard); Texas (Denison,
Plano).

Remarks.—This is one of the forms mentioned by Horn under
H. pilosa. It is clearly a distinct species. ‘The width between
the eyes is slightly greater than in pilosa, the antennae nearly
always have pale tips, the thorax has a deep basal median de-
pression, and the elytra are not so convex, with less marked
depressions. ‘They also appear more pubescent because of the
fuzziness of the dense erectish hairs. The whole beetle is

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9,DEC., 1943 PASS

usually lighter in coloration, being a reddish brown, although
some individuals are deeper. ‘The aedeagus is quite different in
the shape of the tip and the sculpture of the lower surface.

Distigmoptera texana, new species
(Plate 1, Fig. 4.)

About 4 mm. in length, reddish brown with gray and brown pubescence;
antennae with joints 7-9 (sometimes 10) darker; prothorax with antemedian
elevations, and the elytra with a marked oblique depression running from
within the humerus nearly to the suture before the middle.

Head with interocular space more than half its width, densely and coarsely
punctate and with a slight ridge across the vertex and a swelling in the middle
of the occiput and a groove between the frontal tubercles; lightly covered with
erectish pubescence. Antennae with joints 7-9 and sometimes 10 dark, joints
5, 6, sometimes 10, and 11 pale, basal joints brownish. Prothorax about a
fourth wider than long, nearly quadrate with a small seta-bearing nodule at
each angle, surface very uneven, with two pronounced antemedian tubercles
and a median and lateral depression; lesser knobby prominences on the sides;
densely and coarsely punctate and lightly pubescent. Elytra densely pubes-
cent, with both closely appressed and longer erectish hairs, the pubescence
varying in color from golden brown especially coppery about the suture, to
grayish, and forming a kind of wavy pattern more noticeable on the apical half;
yet the deep coarse striate punctation visible through the hairiness. Elytra
with a marked oblique sulcus extending from within the humerus nearly half

way down the elytra and ending in a deeper depressed spot near the suture.
Length 3.8-4 mm., width 1.8-2 mm.

Type male and 3 paratypes (female) U.S.N.M.Cat.No. 56745,
2 paratypes in the Schaeffer collection, in the possession of
H. S. Barber (both females).

Type locality—Esperanza Ranch, Brownsville, Texas, col-
lected by Charles Schaeffer on May 6, also collected there by
Wickham.

Remarks —The bright reddish brown color, varicolored
antennae, and unusually deep oblique elytral sulcus distinguish
this from the more northern species. The prothorax and elytra
are both knobbier than in the other species. The aedeagus
resembles somewhat that of the dark species (pzlosa), but is
distinctly different.

Distigmoptera schwarzi, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 7.)

About 2 mm. in length, oblong oval, shining, deep reddish brown, deeply and
coarsely punctate and with yellowish and more or less erect pubescence; anten-
nae pale with 5 distal joints darkened and thickened; prothorax with two ante-
median polished elevations.

Head with interocular space half its width; densely punctate and pubescent,

216 PROC. ENT: SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

frontal tubercles separated by a median groove extending up the vertex. An-
tennae not extending much below humeri, joints 3-6 slender, 7-11 twice as thick
and darker. Prothorax considerably wider than long, with straight sides, a
nodule at each corner; surface uneven, with dense, coarse punctures and two
small rounded protuberances quite impunctate and polished a little before the
middle; pubescence erectish. Elytra somewhat convex with well marked intra-
humeral sulcus and a depression near the suture before the middle; the striate
punctation unusually coarse leaving the intervals between very narrow; pubes-
cence pale and erectish. Body beneath shining reddish brown, lightly pubes-
cent; legs somewhat yellowish brown. Length 2.1 mm., width 1 mm.

Type male U.S.N.M.Cat. No. 56746.

Type locality—Washington, D. C., collected on the 10th of
June by E. A. Schwarz.

Remarks.—This is readily distinguished from the other small
species of its group by its more rotund, convex shape, its reddish
brown coloring and coarser elytral punctation, as well as by
the small polished protuberances on the prothorax. The
thickened distal joints of the antennae are shorter and broader
than in the other species, being broader than long, and the
aedeagus is unlike the others. Only one specimen is known.

Distigmoptera impennata, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 5.)

From 2.1—2.5 mm. long, varying from yellow to dark brown, densely punctate,
pubescent; the striate punctures of elytra well separated by distinct intervals;
males wingless.

Head with interocular space half its width, shining, lightly pubescent, deeply
and coarsely punctate except down the middle, a groove between the frontal
tubercles. Antennae extending a little below the humeri, outer joints gradually
thickened and a little darker, but neither conspicuously darker nor wider than
long as in schwarzt. Prothorax about a fourth wider than long with straight
sides and a seta-bearing nodule at each corner; surface uneven but without
marked elevations; densely and coarsely punctate and pubescent. Elytra in
wingless males with poorly developed humeri, the humeri more prominent in
winged females in which also the intrahumeral depression is not lacking; in
both sexes a distinct depressed spot before the middle near the suture; the
rows of striate punctures well separated and in males the punctures in the rows
not so dense but more widely spaced, particularly in the 5th and 6th rows.

Type male and 2 paratypes (females), Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology Type No. 26579. 1 paratype, male, in National
Museum, U.S.N.M.Cat. No. 56747.

Ty pe locality —Isle au Haut, Maine, collected in August 1896,
(Bowditch collection).

Remarks—lI have chosen this tiny island form with the
wingless male to typify the eastern species. ‘The western and
more northern species, which seems to occur throughout Canada

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 DG

from New Brunswick to the Rockies, is far better represented
in the collections examined than the eastern and more southern
species. In fact I have not seen a good series from any eastern
locality, but only a few scattered single specimens for the most
part. The series from Isle au Haut of 4 specimens, and 7
specimens from Tyngsboro, Mass., of Blanchard’s collecting
are the largest series examined. Of the Tyngsboro specimens,
at least two, a male and a female, have wings that are reduced,
that is extending only three-fourths of the length of the elytra.
Two other specimens in other collections, labelled simply
Mass., have similarly shortened wings. A small pale male
from Boscawen, N. H., a male from Webster, N. H., a male from
Paris, Me., a female from Sherborn, Mass., 2 males from Wash-
ington, D. C., and a pair from West Virginia have normally
developed wings. Whether these are all one species is difficult
to determine without more material or biological work. But
they do differ from the northern and western specimens without
a doubt. In general they are smaller, with less elongate elytra,
they are more lightly pubescent, and the elytral punctation is
frequently coarser. Unfortunately the aedeagus is not very
distinctive.

A female from Columbus, Texas, another from Opelousa, La.,
and a male from Logansport, La. may represent still another
species. [These are somewhat more coarsely punctate and less
convex, and very hairy.

Distigmoptera borealis, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 6.)

From 2-3 mm. long, varying from yellow to piceous, prothorax usually darker
and humeri paler; elytra shining beneath the sparse, partly erect pubescence.
Antennae with the thickened distal joints darker.

Head densely and coarsely punctate and lightly pubescent except in the middle
of the lower front, there polished, a groove separating the frontal tubercles.
Interocular space about half the width of the head. Antennae extending a little
below the humeri, the five distal joints gradually thickening and frequently, but
not always, darker. Prothorax about a fourth wider than long, densely and
coarsely punctate with erectish pubescence; surface a little uneven with a median
channel and often slight elevations on either side of it anteriorly. Elytra
elongate, covered with light pubescence, both appressed and semierect, but not
so thick as to obscure the striate punctures, punctures varying in size but gen-
erally not so coarse as in impennata, and with the intervals between as wide or
wider than the punctures; humeri well rounded, an intrahumeral depression
extending obliquely across the elytra to the depression near the suture before
the middle; color varying from yellowish to deep brown, the humeri usually
paler.

Type male and 8 paratypes (1 male, 7 females), U.S.N.M.Cat.
No. 56748.

218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

Type locality.—Swift Current, Saskatchewan, collected Sept.
1882, C. V. Riley collection.

Distributionm—New Brunswick (Treadie); Hudson’s Bay;
Quebec (Duparquet); Ontario (Arnprior, Pt. Pelee); Manitoba
(Brandon, Stony Mt.); Saskatchewan (Saskatoon); Alberta
(Edmonton, Leduc); Montana (Assiniboine); Colorado (Pago
Spgs.); Kansas (Reno Co.); Oklahoma (South McAlester);
Iowa (lowa City); Illinois (Champaign); Michigan (Higgins
Lake, Houghton Co., Lawton, Marquette).

Remarks.—This species is fairly abundantly represented in
collections. No hint is. given of what its food plant may be.
Apparently it occurs in sandy soil, often near water. Mr.
Gentner has taken a large series of it that he collected alive on
the surface of Higgins Lake. In general, it is more elongate
than the eastern and more southern species, D. impennata.

Distigmoptera falli, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 10.)

Nearly 3 mm. in length, oblong, deep yellow brown with darker head and
paler humeri, the last 5 antennal joints dark and thickened; coarsely punctate
and covered with pale, partly erectish pubescence.

Head with interocular space about half its width, coarsely punctate except
for the tubercles and a median space in the lower front; a deep groove between
the tubercles; lightly pubescent. Antennae extending well below humeri; 6
proximal joints yellow brown, distal 5 much darker and enlarged. Prothorax
about a third wider than long with straight sides, a seta-bearing nodule at each
corner; densely and coarsely punctate; a well marked depression below the
middle; deep brownish with somewhat paler margins; lightly pubescent. Scu-
tellum narrowly shield shaped, dark, pubescent. Elytra with striate punctures
nearly as wide as intervals at base, becoming finer towards apex; basal callosi-
ties near scutellum not very much developed; a transverse ridging above the
two elytral depressions and a slight depression towards the apex of each elytron
at the curve; surface shining deep yellowish brown, with paler humeri, covered
with light pubescence, partly appressed, with longer erectish hairs; undersur-
face shining yellowish brown, pubescent. Length 2.8 mm., width 1.5 mm.

Type male in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Fall’s
collection. M.C.Z. Type No. 26580.

Type locality—Globe, Arizona.

Remarks.—In size this resembles the Costa Rican species,
being a little larger than the small species of the group from the
United States. Unfortunately the drawing was made with a
borrowed microscope and is on a slightly smaller scale than
the rest of the drawings. ‘Two distinctive characters are the
more marked thoracic depression and the peculiar transverse
ridging above the elytral depressions. The antennae, which
are fairly long, have much enlarged distal joints.

PLATE 19

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45

6 D. borealis 7 Dschwarzt

5.D.impennata

9.D.capillosa 10. D.Falli

3 D. brevihirta

12. Hypolampsis mellyt Cr

ll. Pseudolampsis guttata (Lec)

[219 |

220 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

Distigmoptera capillosa, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 9.)

About 2.5 mm. long, deep reddish brown, shading into piceous, with paler
legs and abdomen, and with the proximal five and distal two antennal joints
pale; densely and coarsely punctate; elytra with striate punctures without inter-
vals; covered with ashy brown, erectish pubescence; prothorax with an elevated
crown in the middle anteriorly; elytra with pronounced basal callosities.

Head coarsely and rugosely punctate, a small carina between antennal bases
and a vertical depression above; tubercles not distinguishable; pubescent;
interocular space more than half width of the head. Antennae extending below
the humeri; joints 6-11 enlarged, and except the 2 distal joints dark. Prothorax
a little wider than long, with straight sides; surface very densely and coarsely
punctate and with a raised crown in the middle anteriorly; pubescence long and
erectish. Scutellum narrowly triangular. Elytra broad with rounded humeri,
a deep incurving intrahumeral depression ending in a deep concavity below the
well developed basal callosity; striate punctures coarse and deep without inter-
stitial intervals; shining reddish brown shading into piceous areas; covered with
a fine, semierect cinereous pubescence. Body beneath shining chestnut brown;
with paler abdomen and legs; lightly pubescent. Length 2.4 mm.; width 1.2
mm.

Type female U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 56749.

Type locality—San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica,
collected Jan. 3131936 by ©) Hl] Ballou-

Remarks.—This species differs from the other Costa Rican
one by its longer antennae, more coarsely punctate surface and
by the erectish pubescence. It differs from all the other small
species by having more pronounced thoracic and elytral promi-
nences, and by being entirely without the shorter appressed
pubescence.

Distigmoptera brevihirta, new species
(Plate 2, Fig. 8.)

2.3 mm. in length, piceous with paler tibiae and tarsi and antennae, joints
6-9 dark; head and prothorax densely punctate, elytra coarsely striate-punctate;
lightly covered with golden appressed pubescence; prothorax with a slightly
raised half crown in middle anteriorly, elytra with an intrahumeral depression.

Head lightly pubescent, piceous, somewhat shining, densely and coarsely
punctate throughout; the frontal tubercles slightly distinct with a short groove
between; interocular space about half the width of the head. Antennae not
extending much below the humeri; first five and last two joints pale, the six
distal joints thickened. Prothorax about a third wider than long with straight
sides, a seta-bearing nodule at each corner, surface densely and coarsely punc-
tate, depressed at the sides, a crownlike elevation in anterior half; lightly
pubescent. Elytra with prominent basal callosities and a deep sulcus running
from within the humeri to the depressed spot near the suture; punctation of
the elytral striae coarse and in basal portion very close; pubescence light, golden,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 221

and closely appressed. Body beneath shining piceous, tip of abdomen, coxae,
tibiae and tarsi paler; finely pubescent. Length 2.3 mm.; width 1 mm.

Type female, U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 56750.

Type locality—San Francisco, Costa Rica, collected Feb. 8,
1940.

Remarks—This distinctive species is outstanding because
unlike any of the other small species it has closely appressed
pubescence, with no long semi-erect hairs. It has less developed
thoracic and elytral prominences than the other Costa Rican
species.

Distigmoptera suturalis (Jacoby)

Omotyphus suturalis Jacoby, Biol. Cent. Amer., Coleopt., 6 (1) Supplement;
B22 S92:

“Black, sparingly pubescent, the 5th and 6th joints of antennae and the base
of the tibiae flavous; head and thorax strongly rugose-punctate, the thorax with
two small elevations; elytra with a deep depression near the middle; strongly
punctate-striate, the suture narrowly fulvous-pubescent. Length 114 line
mPa ete AS Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero, collected by H. H. Smith. A
single specimen.”

Jacoby’s description together with the illustration definitely
places this species in the genus Distigmoptera. It is about the
same size as the Costa Rican species but differs in having sparse
pubescence and also in the coloration of the antennae.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF HOPLOTHRIPINI
(Thysanoptera; Phlaeothripidae)

By J. C. Crawrorp

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

The new species described herein appears so unrelated to any
known North American form and exhibits such unique peculiar-
ities that a new generic name is proposed for it.

Zaxenothrips, new genus
(Plate 20)

Belongs to the Hoplothripini; head much broader (1.43) than long in female, less
so (1.2) in smaller (positively) heterogonic male, only slightly broader than long
in larger (positively) heterogonic male, widest at middle (or back of it in larger
(positively) heterogonic male, shorter than prothorax, produced in front of eyes,
elevated dorsally, declivous in front and with the widely separated antennae in-

222, PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

serted well below vertex; ocelli absent in apterous, present in macropterous, form;
a pair of long, strong anteocellar bristles, located far forward, almost at edge of
declivity; postoculars almost on lateral margins of head, eyes small, dorsally
almost subrectangular and not extending onto ventral aspect of head, facets
well separated, the row at rear and on outer margin much enlarged; head
notched back of eye and with a (usually) very pronounced tubercle just back
of notch; with two heterogonic horns in male, a median decurved horn just
beneath insertion of antennae, and a median transversely elliptical one just
anterior to mouth cone, these practically indiscernible in mounted specimens
(though in such specimens the latter is decipherable as an elliptical ring); in
the female these horns absent but the subantennal horn represented by a
small low tubercle; mouth cone short, broadly truncate; antennal segments short,
VI longest, III and V subequal, IV shorter than these; VII and VIII closely
united, the suture separating them lacking dorsally; pronotum robust, its hind
margin strongly convex, overhanging; anterior angles of mesothorax produced,
strongly concave anteriorly; legs short, stout, fore femur much enlarged, mid
and hind femora with a few short, heavy spines, fore tibia strongly bent; fore
tarsus in female with a long tooth, in male the tooth larger, in large heterogonic
male with a great tooth as broad as length of segment and longer than width
of tarsus; anterior abdominal terga greatly reduced in length, tergum III almost
six times as broad as its median length in female, seven times as long in large
heterogonic male; tube short and stout, constricted near tip; body bristles
short and stout; in the macropterous form the eyes somewhat larger than in
the brachypterous form but still subrectangular with well-separated facets
and with large facets caudad and laterad, only one pair of wing-retaining
setae on a segment, these sigmoid on intermediate segments, no accessory
hairs on hind margin of forewing.

Type of the genus, Zaxenothrips peculiaris, new species.

This genus would seem, from the description of Oedemothrips
Bagnall, to be closely allied to that genus, but a comparison of
specimens shows that it differs markedly in characters and
appearance. In Oedemothrips, as represented by O. propinquus
laticeps Bagn., the anteocellar setae are between and about on a
line tangent to the anterior margins of the posterior ocelli,
which are present in the brachypterous form but reduced in
size, the head widest anteriorly and not constricted back of the
eyes, the antennae eight-segmented, with the segments elongate,
the abdominal terga normal in length, the eyes large in the
brachypterous form, with crowded facets, and extending onto
the ventral aspect of the head where they are prolonged caudad.

Eurynothrips Bagnall, of which one species in the male has a
median subantennal horn, does not have well-developed anteo-
cellar setae, has the prothorax elongated and very strongly
narrowed to the head, has eight-segmented antennae and the
mouth cone long, slender, and pointed.

This new genus is described mostly from the apterous form,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 495

PLATE 20

:
\
U
\
'

B

Zaxenothrips peculiaris: A, large heterogonic apterous male, most minor setae
omitted; dotted ellipse on head shows location of median horn anterior to
mouth cone; antecostal line of terga omitted. (Drawing by Mrs. Mary F.

Benson.) J, right antenna of above, minor setae omitted, (Drawing by
Mrs. Sarah H. DeBord.)

[ 223 }

224 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

as the only macropterous specimen available is a slide mount
made from a dried etiolated shell which is not in the best of
condition.

Zaxenothrips peculiaris, new species

Female (holotype, apterous).—Length 1.18 mm. Very dark blackish brown,
with tips of femora nearly white, bases of tibiae lightened, tarsi light yellowish
brown; antennae dark blackish brown, abruptly translucent whitish in more
than basal half of III, IV, V, and VI, on the last the light color tinged with
yellow, VII abruptly very light yellow in almost basal half, fading to nearly
white basad; pedicels of segments IV to VII brown; all body setae brown.

Head widest somewhat back of notch behind eyes, cheeks in outline convex,
converging both to eye and narrowest part of head and again widening to ex-
treme base, head thus apparently with a neck; anteriorly with irregular longi-
tudinal wrinkles, back of eyes with faint transverse anastomosing lines; post-
ocular setae near lateral margins of head 148 microns apart, slightly back of
them a pair of short setae much closer (100u) together, a single seta on each
lateral margin not far back (12 uw) of postocular seta; antennal segments II-VII
pedicellate, VII strongly narrowed to base from near middle; sense cone formula,
III, 0-1 (an inner sense cone found on one antenna of a paratype), IV, 1-1, V,
1-1+?, VI, 1-1+’, VII, one dorsally; on segment III the sense cone short; on VI
the outer one short, the inner long, reaching to middle of segment VII; other
sense cones moderate in length. 5

Pronotum anteriorly at extreme sides with a few longitudinal lines, posteriorly
with several faint transverse anastomosing lines; mesoscutum with distinct
sparsely anastomosing transverse lines, these fading medially; pterothorax
parallell sided; fore tarsal tooth curved, its lower margin with a seta just basad
of a slight notch apicad of middle.

Abdomen, especially on anterior terga, with transverse anastomosing lines,
these tending to form transverse rows of tetragons; basal margin of terga each
with a narrow, thickened darker line and with the antecostal line (omitted
in figure) very close to this thickened margin; cephalad of middle of terga III-
VIII a single strong transverse line, indistinct laterad, on tergum II this line
faint, irregular, interrupted and largely obscured by the coarseness of the other
sculpture; anterior segments with posterior margin medially, broadly, slightly
emarginate.

Measurements (in microns): Head, length 120, width across eyes 152, width
behind eyes 148, greatest width 172, narrowest width near base 164, width
between antennae 25; from eye to base of antenna (externally) 8, from eye to
apex of frontal costa 20; prothorax, median length 164, greatest width 284,
width including coxae 356; mesothorax, width across anterior angles 328; ptero-
thorax, median length 124, greatest width 320; abdomen, tergum III medial
length 50, width 348; tube, length 104, basal width 64, width at apex 30. Setae:
anteocellar 22, postocular 30, anterior marginal 8, anterior angular 4, midlateral
10, epimeral 30, posterior marginal 20; on tergum IX, 1, 76, 2, 44, 3, 40; on X,
both pairs 52.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 205

Antennas!) neces 1! 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
een gt hen sansa: 24 44 46 40 46 56 40 28
NiVAvck dale eeu Ree a: 33 32 Dif 30 30 28 20 14

Male (allotype; large, heterogonic, apterous).—Length (distended) 1.5 mm.
Very similar to the female in color, sculpture, and structure but with head and
prothorax, including fore legs, heterogonically developed, the head practically
as long as wide, the fore femur enormously enlarged; fore tarsal tooth straight
along upper margin, its upper margin with a long seta near base in addition to
the one on lower margin, which is much nearer apex than in female (in smaller
males the tarsal tooth curved); prothorax more overhanging than in female and
with a discal median longitudinal internal thickening.

Measurements (in microns): Head, length 148, least width just back of eyes
134, greatest width 152, least width near base 140, from front of eye to base of
antenna externally 10, from front of eye to apex of frontal costa 32, prothorax,
median length 240, width 292, width including coxae 420; mesothorax, width
across anterior angles 352; pterothorax, length 104, width 332; median length of
fore femur 380, its greatest width 148; fore tarsal tooth, length on upper margin
52, width of fore tarsus including tooth 82; width of fore tibia at apex 52; tube,
length 102, basal width 64, width near apex 30; setae, anteocellar 30, postocular
33, anterior angular 26, midlateral 44, epimeral 72, posterior marginal 40; on
tergum IX, 1, 96, 2, 40, 3, 108; on X, both pairs 68; longest seta near apex of
mid tibia 80, longest seta near apex of hind tibia 100; longest seta on hind
femur 36.

Atenas aaa 2 D 3 4 5 6 uh 8
LGN, Sales eboue 24 48 53 48 53 62 40 24
\Wyitehiltie.. gcacaeccan 36 30 28 28 26 26 20 12

The single macropterous female, though badly etiolated and distorted,
shows the antennae to be colored as in the apterous form, the antennal segments
in length about as in the apterous female, the forewing fringes simple, the
eyes not much larger than in apterous specimens, head very transverse and the
tubercle back of eye smaller. The general condition is too poor to merit a de-
tailed description, though I have marked the specimen ‘“‘morphotype 9.”

Type locality —Bethesda, Md.

Type—Catalog No. 56672, United States National Museum.

Described from three male and six female apterous specimens
and one etiolated macropterous female shell taken by the author,
August 18, 1940, under bark of a newly fallen hickory branch
which was sufficiently punky to enable the insects to crawl out
of sight into the outer tissue of the wood.

1 Visible portion only,

226 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

A GLANCE AT CHILEAN ENTOMOLOGY

By Ratu Cortés '

Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile

Chile is a country which occupies the western slopes of the
southern Andes in the pointed tip of America del Sur. While
Argentina extends through the wide plateau of the eastern side,
Chile is reduced to a narrow 3,000 mile long strip of land run-
ning from 18 to 56 degrees of latitude south. From the bio-
geographical point of view Chile belongs to the sub-andean
temperate part of the Neotropical region, and has long been
compared as to her soil, climatic and agricultural conditions
with southern California, but certainly neither Chileans nor
Californians can fully agree in such comparison.

Although it has almost the same area as Texas, Chile is slight-
ly less populated than Michigan, and if spread over the States
it would run from Boston to Los Angeles, her average width
being however the distance between Washington, D. C., and
Philadelphia. ;

The northern fourth of Chile is a mining district and one of
the most extremely desert regions of the world. By a paradoxi-
cal contrast this country of dryness and desolation is the only
world source of natural nitrate fertilizers. The central half
of Chile is the properly called agricultural region, while the
southern part is covered with dense forests and with snow almost
all the year.

The fauna and flora of the country are also quite peculiar
and have an outstanding relation with those of South Africa and
Australia. Insect families like Termitidae, Nemestrinidae
and Thynnidae show a remarkable inter-relation in the three
countries.

Entomology in Chile is supposed to have started with the
work of the Abbot Juan Ignacio Molina, the first Chilean and
South American naturalist, who was born near Linares in
Central Chile in 1740 and died in Bologna (Italy) in 1829.
Molina was a Jesuit priest who lived in his country only the
first 27 years of his life, since in 1767 the Jesuit community was
expelled from the Spanish colonies by order of the King of
Spain. He and his companions settled down in Bologna where
Molina remained for the rest of his life, teaching in the famous
University and always remembering his distant country.

He wrote in Italian three major works, namely, the ‘“Com-
pendio sulla Storia geografica, naturale e civile del Regno de
Chile” published anonymously in 1776, the “Saggio sulla Storia

‘The author wishes to express his appreciation to Drs. E. A. Chapin and
M. T. James for sponsoring his name to the Entomological Society of Washing-
ton, and particularly to Dr. James who kindly reviewed the manuscript of this

paper,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 227

naturale del Chile” in 1782, and a second supplementary volume
in 1787 which was called “‘Saggio sulla Storia civile del Chile.”
In 1810 he published a revised edition of the last two papers
bound in one much enlarged volume. All these works have
been reprinted several times and translated into Spanish, Ger-
man, French and English. By far, the most important of
Molina’s papers is the “Saggio sulla Storia naturale,” published
in 1782, in which he names and briefly describes, among others,
110 Chilean animals arranged in 61 genera according to the Lin-
nean system of nomenclature. Of these, seven are insects in
the modern sense, comprising five genera to which the species
questionably belonged. One of the most beautiful Chilean
Buprestidae was described by Molina as Chrysomela and our
injurious potato blister beetle was placed under Lucanus! The
insects described by the Abbot are 2 Hymenoptera, 3 Lepidop-
tera and 2 Coleoptera, and still bear the specific names of
Molina, which, by the way, were almost always the vernacular
names applied to them by the Indians of his native region.

The work of Claudio Gay is, however, the most outstanding
contribution to the further knowledge of our Natural History
and still remains a matter of inmense pride to the people and
Government who encouraged and sponsored him. Claudio
Gay was a traveller-naturalist of French birth brought down to
Chile in 1828 to teach in one of our Colegios in Santiago when
he was only 28. In September 1830 he was commissioned
by the Government to make a thorough survey of the national
territory from the natural, geological, geographical, agricultural
and civil points of view, the results of which would be later
published elsewhere.

He spent almost 10 years travelling all through the country
under the most precarious conditions it is possible to imagine,
collecting all sort of samples which he carefully labelled, assem-
bled and then mailed to France. In 1845 there appeared in
Paris the first volume of his big ‘‘ Historia de Chile” which full
publication required almost 20 years and comprised 28 volumes
and 2 large atlases. Although the manuscripts were originally
handed back to Gay either in French, Italian or Latin, he trans-
lated them into Spanish, in which the whole work was also
published.

The “Historia de Chile” of Gay is divided in four main sec-
tions, namely: Zoology, Botany, Agriculture, and Civil and
Geographical History. Both Zoology and Botany cover
eight volumes each, with an average of 500 pages to the volume.
The whole work was mainly based upon the material collected
by Gay himself, and upon some other which had been earlier
deposited by different men in the Paris Museum where later the
full collection of Gay was also placed. This material was
studied by the best men at that time working in France, and the

228 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

manuscripts submitted to Gay for translation and publication.
Insects in Gay’ Historia are treated in volumes 5, 6 and 7 of the
Zoology, as well as in part of the fourth volume, and the species
included number 1,817. The collaborators of Gay were:
for the Thysanura, Nicolet; for Coleoptera, Solier and Blanch-
ard; for Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Siphon-
aptera and Thysanoptera, Blanchard also; for Hymenoptera,
Spinola and De Saussure; for Hemiptera, Spinola and partially
the same Blanchard.

The Historia of Gay was largely made possible by subscrip-
tions paid in advance by Chileans interested in the project,
but finally was almost completely supported by the National
Government. While the paper was still in process of publica-
tion, Gay made several trips back and forth between Chile and
France, until death came to him in 1873. The work of this illus-
trious Chilean citizen well deserves the motto that Horace
wrote for his celebrated Odes: Exegi monumentum aere perennts.

Afterwards Chilean Entomology expanded with a number
of men, most of them Europeans. M. Philibert Germain was
the first to arrive and in 1853 was appointed as the first Director
of our National Museum. An enthusiastic collector, this
French coleopterologist greatly improved the knowledge of our
beetles and weevils, some of his specimens still being kept in
Santiago. After Germain had scarcely had a few months as
Director of the Museum, the position was turned over to
Rodolfo Armando Philippi, the German naturalist who had
arrived in Chile almost at the same time as Germain. ‘The
latter was made then Sub-Director and first Chief of the Ento-
mological Section just created for him.

R. A. Philippi was rather a naturalist in the wide sense, al-
though he published a lot on our insects, worthy of mention
being his well known paper on Chilean Diptera dealing mostly
with Tabanidae, Syrphidae and Nematocera. His son, Federico
Philippi, was the third Director of the Museum after his father’s
death. His Catalogue of Chilean Coleoptera, and some other
short papers on Chilean weevils, make his name stand among
the pioneers of our Entomology. In 1869, when the eldest
Philippi was Director of the Museum, Edwyn Charles Reed,
an Englishman, was appointed to the Entomological Section,
but he finally quit and was made Director of the recently
founded Museum of Valparaiso. When Reed died in 1910, he
was Director of the Museum of Concepcion. He published
widely on our insects, his little known Catalogues on Chilean
Diptera and Hemiptera deserving special mention.

As in every other country, present-day Entomology in Chile
is practiced throughout three main sort of Institutions: the
Ministry of Agriculture, the National and private museums,
and a linking organization, the Chilean Society of Entomology.

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 229

Since we have a different educational system from that of the
States, our universities do not constitute large centers of
research, although extensive collections are usually main-
tained and investigations are frequently made through graduate
students.

After Germain and Reed, the Entomological Section of the
Museum was headed by Senor Carlos Silva Figueroa, known
mostly for his works on Chilean Phoridae. Carlos E. Porter
succeeded him, his name being always attached to the Revista
Chilena de Historia Natural of which he was the editor and
founder in 1897. Porter was certainly a very peculiar character
and a charming man, always joking and in a bright spirit. Al-
though he didn’t accomplish very much in taxonomic ento-
mology, his interest in encouraging and helping the beginners
shall be fully appreciated by many generations. Dr. Emilio
Ureta, a well known lepidopterologist, is the present Chief of
the Section of Entomology in the Museum. He has travelled
extensively through Chile and Bolivia and has a wide personal
collection of Chilean butterflies. The collection of insects
in the National Museum is at present quite large, and besides
many of the types of Germain, Philippi, Reed, Silva Figueroa,
Porter and others, it holds part of the collections of Paulsen,
Herbst, Rivera, Izquierdo, Varas Arangua and Droste.

There exists also a number of private museums attached to
Colegios, where large collections are kept and research work is
usually done. ‘The collection of the Museo San Pedro Nolasco
has now approximately 100,000 Chilean insects, its curator hav-
ing been until his recent death H. Flaminio Ruiz’?, known for
his works on Chilean Hymenoptera, particularly on Apidae.
The collection in the Museo de los Padres Franceses was headed
until not long ago by Father Anastasio Pirion, and is especially
valuable because of the very many specimens of Chilean Dip-
tera identified by Drs. Aldrich and Townsend. ‘The collections
in the Museo de los Padres Alemanes, as well as those of Dr.
E. P. Reed in Valparaiso, Bullock in Angol, Wagenknecht in
Coquimbo, etc., are worthy of mention.

The knowledge of the biology of our insects has been greatly
improved through the contributions of F. Philippi, E. C. Reed,
F. Lataste, M. J. Rivera, V. Izquierdo, C. E. Porter, Silva
Figueroa, M. Amaral, H. Janvier (better known as H. Claude
Joseph), F. Ruiz, etc.

There are two universities in Chile, both in Santiago, where
entomology is taught: the Chilean State University and the
Catholic University of Chile. Until his recent retirement Senor
Carlos Stuardo was the Professor at the State University. He
is a very fine dipterologist, having done some good work on

? Died November 8, 1942.

230 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. At present the Professor is Dr.
Leonidas Duran, who has published a thorough revision of the
Chilean Thynnidae. Until his death, the Professor at the
Catholic University was Carlos E. Porter’, a figure rather known
everywhere.

The Sociedad Chilena de Entomologia is a rather small
Institution with about 80 members, its President being Senor
Pedro Godoy. We very proudly count among our Honorary
Fellows Dr. L. O. Howard. Besides this Society there exists
also a number of local institutions, as well as the Chilean
Academy of Natural Sciences.

But by far the most intensive work on pure and economic
Entomology is done in the Ministry of Agriculture, through
the Seccion Zoologia Agricola of the Departamento de Sanidad
Vegetal. Our Seccion is at present headed by Dr. Leonidas
Duran and has a number of men in Santiago studying economic
problems and many others scattered along our 25 provinces.
The Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, an organization of the
Ministry of Agriculture corresponding to the Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine plus a part of the Bureau of Plant
Industry, is almost 50 years old, so we have in our Seccion Zoolo-
gia Agricola quite a long experience on Chilean entomological
problems.

Entomology in Chile has long corresponded and depended
on Europe. As a matter of fact for many years the dream of
our entomologists has been to take a trip to Germany or France
in order to make advanced studies. In addition to all the
European-born entomologists | have mentioned before, our
best men like Silva Figueroa, Porter, Stuardo, Duran, etc. are
of European training. As far as I know the only men that
came to the States to get their training in this country were
Manuel J. Rivera and Eduardo Varas Arangua. Rivera, a
very promising young man mainly interested in economic
problems, made his trip to this country as early as 1898, and
met in Washington Dr. Howard, Mr. Coquillett and many other
American entomologists of that time. In the U. S. National
Museum I have found a number of Chilean Diptera sent by
Rivera to Mr. Coquillett. Varas Arangua came to the States
very young in 1926 and worked mostly in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology at Harvard, where it is still possible to
find material of Chilean Cicindelidae sent by him to Dr. Nathan
Banks. Both Rivera and Varas, our only two U. S. trained
entomologists, died very shortly after their returning to Chile,
exactly at the age of 33. IfI must be placed as the third Chilean
with entomological studies in this country, well, let me then
express my deep concern about my Life Insurance Company!

3 Died December 13, 1942.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 231

As for expeditions which have surveyed our coastal line and
territory, there are so many that I don’t think it would be
advisable to mention them all. In 1872 we had the visit of
Louis Agassiz, while the most recent expedition recorded in
Chile is that conducted by Edwards and Shannon to collect
Diptera in the Chilean-Argentine Patagonia. The valuable
and extensive material gathered together by these two dis-
tinguished entomologists was shared by the British Museum and
the U. S. National Museum.

It is to be expected that after the war the relations between
South and North America will be greatly improved in every
possible way. The present conflict has brought to all American
minds the realization of the unity and solidarity of our conti-
nents, and the aspiration to base them on a deeper cultural
basis rather than on a commercial or economic foundation.
Entomology is an open field for this collaboration, although
much has already been accomplished on the subject of biological
control and transportation of parasites under the skilled direc-
tion and care of Dr. C. P. Clausen.

Systematic entomology in South America is particularly an
enterprise which very few dare to undertake, since we do not
have extensive identified collections and complete libraries,
without which taxonomy is rather a precarious hazard. More-
over, Our insect types are generally deposited in Europe or in
the United States, thus making it necessary for the South Ameri-
can entomologist to take sometimes long and expensive trips
to distant countries in order to examine or redescribe those
types. Nevertheless in Buenos Aires, Santiago and in several
places in Brasil, important centers of entomological research
are being increasingly developed, in spite of the difficulties
and lack of resources they must face.

This movement toward a more intensive and close cooperation
in American Entomology has been recently expressed by Dr.
Kennedy in the last March issue of the Annals of the Ento-
mological Society of America, where he asks for papers and
revisions including Neotropical species besides the Nearctic
material treated. I think however that the paper of Dr. A.
Stone dealing with the New World species of the genus Anas-
trepha is the best example of what can be achieved in American
entomology from a continental point of view. It can certainly
be taken as a fine example deserving imitation.

We feel very proud in South America of the many men scat-
tered all through our southern continent who have accomplished
a thorough work, although the material conditions they con-
fronted were hard and frequently insuperable. We profess
also a great deal of admiration for your outstanding entomolo-
gists beginning with Thomas Say and the brilliant generation
that picked up his pioneer work. Indeed these goodneighbor-

yeSws PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

hood feelings truly pave the way for the full understanding and
cooperation among our countries, thus making certain the
scientific role that America must have in the coming world.

BOOK REVIEW

Unbidden House Guests, by Hugo Hartnack, vol. 1, 560 pp. Illus.
Hartnack Publishing Company, Tacoma, Washington, 1943. (Intr.
Pr. $12.00.)

According to the author the urgent need for an American book
on house pests prompted him to produce this volume. It is
essentially a compilation and presentation of information per-
taining to the many members of the plant and animal world
that are associated with the habitations of man. In discussing
the harmless or harmful nature of these unbidden guests of the
household and methods of combatting them, the writer has
drawn freely from the voluminous foreign and domestic litera-
ture on the subject and his own personal experiences. ‘The first
in an intended series of two volumes it consists of parts 1, 2, 3,
and 5. Part 4 which is reserved for volume 2 is to deal solely
with insects. Part 1 contains a rather broad discussion of
household pest control problems and will be of particular inter-
est to entomologists. It includes such diverse topics as: Pro-
fessional lingo; History of house pests; Interrelations between
man and animals; House climate and pests; Food and pests;
Insect spoorology; Pest fighting; Pests and waste; Insect names,
etc. Part 2 takes up the subject of plants as house pests; Bac-
teria, molds, fungi, timber rot, and plant relations to animal
house plants. Part 3 discusses the lower animals as house pests,
protozoa, worms, snails, millipedes, spiders, mites, etc., and
Part 5 the Backboned animals, Rodents, rats, mice, etc. The
figures and illustrations that occur on almost every one of the
560 pages will both interest and intrigue the reader. The
author has attempted to supply illustrations of household
insects that differ from the ones that, “have been used over and
over again with monotonous regularity for 30 or 40 years.”
The repetition of a number of the illustrations in different sec-
tions of the book seems unnecessary. Indication of the source
of more of the facts cited and of the many excellent illustrations
would add to the value of the book.

R. T. Cotton.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943 233

MINUTES OF THE 539TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 7, 1943

The 539th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
October 7, 1943 in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Harned
presided and 30 members and 17 visitors were present. The minutes of the
previous meeting were read and approved.

J. C. Bridwell presented an interesting note concerning the host plants of a
hispid beetle. He reported that the larvae mine in the leaves of approximately
fifteen species of plants, including such widely separated ones as apple, oak,
linden, chestnut and alder. Since it was first recorded the species has had
twenty binomial names applied to it. Mr. Bridwell stated that not one of
these twenty is correct. ‘The correct name with its synonymy will be published
separately.

F. L. Campbell exhibited two books on insects which have been published
recently. The first was entitled Unbidden House Guests, by Hugo Hartnack,
the second, Biology of Acarus scabiei, by Reuben Friedman.

The first paper on the regular program was: Fumigation of Cereals and Cereal
Products, by H. H. Shepard, Office of Materials and Facilities, Chemical
Division, War Food Administration.

The problems of cereal insect control vary to a marked degree according to
location of the infested product. Conditions in a farmer’s grain bin contrast
with those of the country and terminal elevator, those in a country feed mill
differ greatly from those in a modern flour mill. Few grain men realize fully
that the three simple factors which in general make for good storage are also
the best safeguards against insect infestation. ‘These factors are cleanliness,
dryness, and a moderately cool temperature. Valuable experience as to the
importance of the storage of clean grain was gained during the corn storage
program of the Commodity Credit Corporation. The farmer is usually poorly
equipped to clean and dry his grain yet economic conditions have led him to go
into the grain storage business. As a result of this general situation grain insect
problems have become intensified in the last few years and the sale of liquid
grain fumigants has increased. This type of fumigant is usually either a 3 to
1 mixture of ethylene dichloride and carbon tetrachloride or a 1 to 4 mixture of
carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride. In flour and packaged product
treatment, methyl bromide has become popular largely because of its pene-
trative powers. (Author’s abstract.) Dr. Shepard’s talk was illustrated with
lantern slides.

Comments and questions by Campbell followed.

The second paper entitled, The Significance of Apiculture in the War Effort,
was presented by J. I. Hambleton, Division of Bee Culture, Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine.

When the War Production Board was created to utilize the productive services
of manufacturers in this country, beekeeping was considered non-essential. As
such the fabrication of beekeepers’ supplies was greatly curtailed and it appeared
that beekeeping might well pass out of existence at least as a commercial enter-
prize. Because of this turn in events it became necessary to acquaint officials
in the War Production Board and other war agencies with the essential part

234 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

that bees play in the production of many agricultural crops. There are no
less than 50 of our common crops, mostly fruits, vegetables, and forage crops,
that are either entirely dependent on insects for fruit or seed formation or
produce larger crops when pollinating insects are abundant. The legumes,
especially alfalfa, red, white and sweet clovers must have bees in abundance for
any seed formation.

Honeybees are much more important during this war than they were during
the first world war because of a growing scarcity in wild pollinating insects.
Various reasons can be ascribed to the present dangerously reduced numbers of
these highly beneficial insects: Planting of large acreages which not only
destroys wild pollinating insects but so limits the food plants that those whose
nests are accidently spared are apt to starve, clean cultivation, brush and forest.
fire, an unsatiable desire to destroy bumblebee nests or the nests of any stinging
insect. Whether or not these are the cause, the coincidence at least is rather
startling that during the last 25 years there has been a marked decline in the
per-acre production of all the legumes which require insect pollination. This
decline in yields has proceeded in spite of the best known agronomic practices to
stem the decline.

Honeybees are the only possible substitute to replace or to supplement wild
insects; and, since honeybees will not maintain themselves in a wild state in
sufficient numbers in those areas where they are especially needed, the beekeep-
ing industry has to be given every safeguard possible if seed goals, and this
means food goals, are to be met. The various war agencies fortunately have
seen the light. The Office of Price Administration, for example, has granted
beekeepers a liberal amount of sugar to feed colonies to prevent starvation and
to help to build strong pollinating colonies, the War Food Administration regu-
lates the sale and use of honey that the beekeeping industry may carry on effec-
tively not only now but continue doing so after the war, the War Production
Board is now granting manufacturers large enough quotas of critical materials
to maintain the industry, and the War Manpower Commission recommends
the deferment of beekeepers having 400 or more colonies of honeybees. (Author’s
abstract.)

Dr. Hambleton’s talk was followed by considerable discussion by Bridwell,
Snodgrass, Wood, Capt. West, Elishowitz and Hawes.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: Private C. S. Barnhart,
Capt. L. S. West, Sgt. D. D. Millspaugh, D. E. Howell, Y.-T. Mao, W. A.
Baker and S. H. Newcomer.

Dr. E. N. Cory announced that the Annual Meetings of the two national
entomological societies will be held jointly, Dec. 7, 8 and 9 at Columbus, Ohio.
The program will consist almost entirely of invited speakers.

Adjournment at 9:53 P. M.

W. H. AnpERsoN,
Recording Secretary.

INDEX: TO

Axpspott, WALTER SipNeEy, obituary, 92.

Acanthoscelides horni, 27.

Acarina 57, 127; 176.

Acariscus, n. gen. 57; masoni, n.
multisetosa, n. sp. 65.

Aclerda 99; andropogonis, n. sp. 107;
arundinariae, n. sp. 108; xalapenseae,
NeSp. Ll 2.

Acleris, 126.

Adoxomyia, 163; nigribarba, n. sp., 168.

Aedes bimaculatus, 143; fulvus, 143; fulvus
pallens, n. ssp., 148.

sp. 60;

Aglaostigma, 79; dentatum, n. sp., 82;
veedee, n. sp., 81.

Agrilus frisoni, n. sp., 201.

Aid to Libraries in War Areas, Committee
on 182.

Aleyrodidae, 131.

Ancylonycha mindanaona, 204.

Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 28.

Anthribidae, 171.

Apiculture, 233.

Atanus exitiosus, n. sp., 178.

Baccha phobia, n. sp., 51; phobifer, n. sp.,
50.

Back, E. A., note by 27.

BauMHoFER, Lynn G., obituary, 67.

Bedbug, 28, 55.

Bellitudo, n. gen., 132; campae, n. sp., 136;
cubae, n. sp., 137; hispaniolae, n. sp.,
136; jamaicae, n. sp., 135.

Blattidae, 55.

Book Reviews, 75, 76, 95, 130, 203, 232.

Brachypauropus pearsei, n. sp., 184.

BripWELL, J. C., note by, 233.

Bruchidae, 27.

Bucuanan, L. L., book review by, 76.

Buprestidae, 201.

Bursa copulatrix, in Lepidoptera, 45.

BU xTON. bavAee talks bys U5i7-

Caeciliidae, 29.

Caecilius manteri, n. sp., 29.

Carrrey, D. J., note by, 27; correction by,
56.

CampsBELL, F. L., note by, 233.

Capnia ligulata, n. sp., 85; lineata, n. sp.,
85; zukeli, n. sp., 86.

Capniidae, 85.

Cattle Grub, 98.

China, Insect Taxonomy of, 205.

Chrysobothris verdevallis, n. sp., 202.

VOLUME 45

Chrysops aenea, n. sp., 43; striatula, n. sp.
42.

Chiggers 57, 97.

Chile, Entomology in, 226.

Cicadellidae, 74, 178.

Cimicidae, 28.

Clear Lake Gnat, 98.

Coccidae, 99.

Coleoptera, 27, 28, 76, 121, 171, 201, 204,
207, 23:3):

Control, Insect, 159, 161, 233.

Conatrachelus, 76.

Cory, E. N., talk by, 161.

Corresponding Secretary, Report of, 54.

Corrodentia, 29.

Cotton, R. T., book review by, 232.

Culex tarsalis, 180.

Culicidae, 28, 97, 98, 143, 180, 205.

Curculionidae, 76.

Cuterebridae, 25.

Cuterebra beameri, n. sp., 25.

Deonter, C. C., talk by 98.

Dermestes lardarius, 27.

Dermestidae, 27.

Diptera 9, 25, 28, 42, 50, 97, 98, 143, 162:
163, 180, 205.

Distigmoptera, n. gen., 209; apicalis, n. sp.,
214; borealis, n. sp., 217; brevihirta,
n. sp., 220; capillosa, n. sp., 220; falli,
n. sp:, 218; impennata, n. sp., 216;
mesochorea, n. sp., 212; schwarzi, n. sp.
2iSsstexana, mespsw2 1/5.

Dove, W. E., talk by, 96.

Eciton burchelli jeanae, 89.

Entomology, Outlines of, 95; in Great
Britain, 157; in Peru, 203; in Chile,
226.

Formicidae, 1, 5, 88, 154.

Frear, Donatp E. H., book by, 75.

Fumigation of Cereals, 233.

Goniothorax, 154.

Great Britain, Entomology in, 157.

Halticidae, 207.

HamBcetTon, J. I., paper by, 233.

Hartnack, Hueco, book by, 232.

Helochara delta, n. sp., 74.

Hemiptera 11, 28, 141.

Hertic, Marsuatt, talk by, 97.

Heterothripidae, 93.

Heterothrips prosopidis, n. sp., 93.

235

236

Hispidae, 233.

Holostilpna nitens, 171.

Homoptera, 74, 99, 115, 131, 178.

Household pests, 232.

Hsrao, ©. Y., talk by, 205.

Hymenoptera, 1, 5, 55, 79, 88, 154, 233.

Hypolampsis pilosa, 207.

Ichneumonidae, 55.

Imns, A. D., book by, 95.

Insect Invaders, 130.

Insecticides, Chemistry of 75; allocation of,
157.

Jones, M. P., talk by, 98.

Laspeyresia leguminis, n. sp., 71.

Lepidoptera, 28, 45, 71, 126.

Leptothorax wilda, n. sp., 155.

Lice, 97.

McGovran, E. R., talk by, 55.

Medical Entomology, 97.

Megazopherus chiliensis, 28.

Methods, Insect separation, 19; statistical,
28.

Minutes, 27, 54, 96, 97, 157, 160, 204, 233.

Monanthia, 141; berryi, n. sp., 141.

Mouthparts, Dipterous, 162.

Oak-ey, R. G., talk by, 204.

Obituaries 67, 92.

Olethreutidae, 28, 71.

Oriental fruit moth, 28.

Othinanaphothrips, n.
MsvS Pes Lois.

Paurocephala gossypii, n. sp., 115.

Pauropoda, 183.

Pauropus carolinensis, n. sp., 186; causeyae,
n. sp., 188; dukensis, n. sp., 190.

Peronea, 126.

Peru, Agricultural Entomology of, 203.

Pheidole rhea, 5.

Puitip, C. B., note by, 28.

Phlaeothripidae, 221.

Phlebotomus, 97.

Plecoptera, 85.

Porter, B. A., note by, 28.

Psychodidae, 97.

Psyllidae, 115.

Pyrethrum, 55.

gen., 151; spilleri,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 45, NO. 9, DEC., 1943

Reduviidae, 11.

Reep, L. B., note by 27; correction by, 56.

Repellents, 97.

Ricuarpson, H. H., talk by, 28.

Roaches, 55.

Roserts, H. R., talk by, 205.

Rouwer, S. A., talk by, 157.

Sasscer, E. R., note by, 28.

Scarabaeidae, 204.

Scuoor, H. F., book by, 76.

Scolytoidea, 121.

Scolytoplatypus benguetus, n. sp., 123;
hirsutus, n. sp., 124; macgregori, n. sp.,
121; piceus, n. sp., 122.

Septanychus argentinus, n. sp., 176.

Sericothrips andrei, n. sp., 39.

SHEpARD, H. H., talk by, 233.

Sinea diadema, 11.

Snoperass, R. E., talk by, 162.

Solenopsis parabiotica, n. sp., 90.

STANDEN, AnTHONY, book by, 130.

Stratiomyidae, 163.

Syrphidae, 9, 50.

Tabanidae, 42.

Taxonomy, statistical methods in, 28; in
China, 205.

Tenebrionidae, 28.

Tenthredinidae, 79.

Tetramorium, 1; rugiventris, n. sp., 4.

Tetranychidae, 127, 176.

Tetranychus lewisi, n. sp., 127.

Thripidae, 39, 151.

Thysanoptera, 27, 39, 56, 93, 151, 221.

Tingitidae, 141.

Tortricidae, 126.

Treasurer, Report of, 52.

Townes, H. K., note by 55; talk by 55;
book review, 95.

Trombiculidae, 57.

Wane, J. S., book reviews 75, 130.

Wantey, F. M., talk by 28; book review,
203.

Wuirte, W. H., talk by, 159.

Witte, J. E., book by, 203.

Zaxenothrips, n. gen., 221; peculiaris, n.

sp., 224.

Actual date of publication, December 30, 1943.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

“PomMON-MeEmDETS ANG INSTITUTIONS >.5.. aad ss cme he ee ke $3.00
Movmenmtbers: OfEMEOClet yen asics) eeu keane ek .. $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, ‘‘The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A,
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.
Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D.C.

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

WASHINGTON

VOLUME. 46

PubBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D. C,
1944

ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION VOLUME 46

Number I—pages 1-24 imclusive.....3........-....-.+---- January 28, 1944
Number 2—pages: 26-54 inclusive......................-..5- March 13, 1944
Number 3—pages) 55-64 imelusivelsssc ees... 1. 1 e ee eee April 4, 1944
Number 4— pages 85—l04himclusive,. 2.9... -04.....5- - Jo ace May 3, 1944
Number 5—pages 105-136 inclusive......................-5-- May 31, 1944
Number 6—pages 137-164 inclusive...........5........-205:: July 10, 1944
Number 7—pages 165-204 inclusive.......):......-:-:-:+.- October 31, 1944
Number 8—pages 205-228 inclusive......................1 November 21, 1944
Number 9—pages 230-264 inclusive...................... December 30, 1944
PRESS OF

H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc.
WasuincTon, D. C.

[ii]

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 46

Baker, Epwarp W.: Four New Species of Tydeidae from Mexico (Acarina) 159
and Batock, Joun W.: Mites of the family Bdellidae..... 176
Batock, Joun W.: (See Baker)

Bracxman, M. W.: A New Genus and Species of Coleoptera from Panama 76
Brake, Doris H.: Notes on five West Indian Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) 249
Bouart, R. M.: (See Stone)

Bucuanan, L. L.: (See CRaAIGHEAD)

CockERELL, T. D. A.: Some African Megachilid Bees.................. 246
Couns, C. W.: (See MuESEBECK)

CraicHeaD, F. C., Stace, H. H., and Bucuanan, L. L.: Maulsby Willett

Blackman ea eee Lestat ee cd ee ES Rong eh eek ca his 15
Crampton, G. C.: Suggestions for Grouping the Families of Acalypterate

Cyclorrhaphous Diptera on the Basis of the Male Terminalia........ 152
Crawrorp, J. C.: A New Sericothrips from Brazil (Thysanoptera: Thrip-

OEY) Sie ove reer crane oe 8 Pe oho GeO OAS oo Een 8 ee eS ea 200

Dacey, Ricuarp H.: Two Mayfly Gynandromorphs (Ephemeroptera).. 256
DE CrouzeEL, Irma Santoro: First Instar Larva of Acridiophaga caridei

(Brethes)"(Dipteras| Sarcophasidae)iga- =e eee ee eee eee 239
DeLonc, Dwicut M.: The Mexican Species of Phlepsius (Homoptera: Ci-
Calc Ell (lve) epee gaara ee ee en RC iE cy ae 85
Drake, Cart J.: A New Genus and Ten New Species of Serenthiines
(rlemiptenapeimpitidae) mes ct RS tee haley We aut eee ate coh oe! 67
———— and Hampsteton, E. J.: Four new American Tingitidae
GElemip Lela eyste acre ey ences Pe Ser tae es MS ee Ae 94

(See Harris)
Farner, D. S.: (See Knicur)
Fennan, R. G.: The morphology of the tegmina and wings in Fulgoroidea

(Elomop tera) Weer sae aba ae Ree oe ca to) eee aa ee 185
Gentner, L. G.: The Black Flea Beetles of the genus Epitrix commonly
Identified as Cucumeris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)...... SV

Grar, J. E.: (See OsBorn)

HamsterTon, E. J.: (See Drake)

Harris, H. M. and Drake, C. J.: New Apterous Aradidae from the
Wresterm Hemisphere (Elemiptera)..9,.0504+...+.--.0sse. seat oeee 128

Hetnricu, Cari and Lorrin, Utputan, C.: August Busck.............. 231

IV , TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 46

Hutt, I’. M.: Three New Species of Syrphid Flies in the British Museum
of Natural blistorymn-eh. see aii cee ee ee
——— ———:; Two species of Xylota from southern Asia (Diptera:
Synphidae) ii... dyes. avlansceh Aolar cero eer See eee
Kynicut, Kennetu L. and Farner, D. S.: A Correction in Anopheline
Nomenclature\(Diptera:'Culicidae)i -2u.... 5. 2 = a
Lortin, Utpuran C.: (See Hernricu)
Mipptekaurr, Wooprow W.: A New Species of Aedes from Florida (Dip-
tera: Culicidaé) 3% 2 vas acmn ee seer on kh ace ee
MueseEsEck, C. F. W. and Couuins, C. W.: Ephraim Porter Felt........
Oc.osin, A. A.: Two New Species of Procototrupoidea from lowa (Hymen-
OPtORal))s 2 iets ies Aectiha wusoit Wises G dra cus, SIR ei Seo alee
Osporn, Hersert, Grar, J. E., and Poos, I. W.: Elmer Darwin Ball. ....
Osorno-Mesa, ERNeEstTo: Two new species of Haemagogus from Colombia,
H. andinus and H. boshelli (Diptera? Culicidae)....................
Poos, F. W. (See Ossorn)
Russeti, Loutse M.: A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Aleuroglandulus
Bondar: (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)..........9....452.5.. (saa
Salter, Reece I.: The genus Solubea (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)......
: (See UsincGER)
¥ Smrru, Marton R.: Ants of the genus Cardiocondyla Emery in the United
SILO ot re ee en ee atic aod Sasa Dod bos oe =
\Y ——— ———: The Ants of the Genus Thaumatomyrmex Mayr with the
description of a new Panamanian species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
———— —— : A Key to the Genus Acanthognathus Mayr, with th2
Description of a New Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)..........
——— ——— : The Genus Lachnomyrmex, With the Description of a
Second Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)..............:.-...+-=
———. ——— : A Second Species of Glamyromyrmex Wheeler (Hymenop-

teraz Hormicidae) -.6 co a... s.nguntreeeens CORE ee
Srace, H. H.: (See CraiGHEAp)
Srone, ALan and Bouart, R. M.: Studies on Mosquitoes from the Philip-
pine Islands and Australasias(Diptera: Culicidae). s-- 2-220 eee
Usincer, R. L. and Sater, R. I.: Nomenclature of the genus Nysius and
its Allies (lyeaerdaesleteroptera))....2 5.4242 2 a0 ee eee
Wexp, Lewis H.: Descriptions of New Cynipidae Including Two New
Genera (Hymenopteca)Reciss..o «= «+ cnt steer eb eneee te ace

10

45

132

oF

260

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VOL. 46 JANUARY, 1944 Nos I

A TAXONOMIC STUDY OF THE GENUS ALEUROGLANDULUS
BONDAR (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

By Louise M. Russe 1,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture

This paper redefines the genus 4leuroglandulus and the species
previously assigned to it, and describes as new three species, two
of which have been intercepted by plant quarantine officials
of the United States Department of Agriculture. The study
is based on the pupae, the stage which has been principally
used in the development of the present system of classification
of the Aleyrodidae. Although the genus consists of only five
known species, it is distributed from Florida to Brazil, and is
recorded herein from six rather widely separated plant families.
In material examined by the writer the species are relatively
stable and show little variation in most of their structural
characteristics.

The writer is indebted to Gregorio Bondar, Instituto Central
de Fomento, Bahia, Brazil, and to G. F. Ferris, Stanford Uni-
versity, Calif., for sending specimens for study. Types of the
new species are in the collection of the United States National
Museum.

Aleuroglandulus Bondar

Aleuroglandulus Bondar, 1923, Aleyrodideos do Brasil, p. 121; Sampson and
Drews, 1941, An. de la Escuela Nac. Cien. Biol. [Mexico] 2: 157; Sampson,
1943, Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 23: 197, 205. (Genotype, Aleuroglandulus sub-
tilis Bondar, by original designation.)

The genus Aleuroglandulus is rather closely related to Aley-
rodes Latreille but differs from the latter as well as from other
known genera in the following combination of characters: At
least one pair of dorsal glands; tracheal pore areas dentate and
strongly contrasted with rest of smooth body margin; disk pores
on minute elevations and porettes in minute depressions;
minute dorsal invaginations present.

In describing this genus Bondar said, ‘“‘a margem nao denteada
ou denteada em parte.” ‘The margin is dentate, however, at
the tracheal pore areas. In 1941 Sampson and Drews stated,

'&B a

4q

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

and Sampson later reiterated, “thoracic tracheal folds evident,
arising from large circular glands; * * * operculum semi-
circular, filling less than one-half of orifice.” The thoracic
tracheal folds extend outward from the anterior spiracles rather
than from the dorsal glands, and in specimens examined by
the present writer the operculum fills distinctly more than
one-half of the vasiform orifice.

Ventral surface covered with whitish granular wax in a thin layer whose edges
are thickened, vertically striated, and extend diagonally outward from just
within the body margin. Dorsum with similar wax emanating from each
gland and with a thin layer of transparent inconspicuous wax.

Specimens ovoid or elliptical, flat to slightly convex dorsally, flat ventrally.
Derm colorless or yellowish, thin and membranous.

Body margin dentate at tracheal pore areas,' smooth elsewhere; anterior and
posterior marginal setae present. Weak ridges extending inward from margin;
submargin not separated from dorsal disk, not deflexed, apparently bearing 7
cephalothoracic and 8 abdominal pairs of minute setal bases.

Dorsum with at least 1 pair of glands, with disk pores on minute elevations
and porettes in minute depressions, and with minute, slender, sclerotized invagi-
nations. A pair of submedian setae on cephalic, and on first and eighth abdomi-
nal segments, and a median or submedian caudal pair at the body margin.
Median molting suture extending to body margin; transverse one directed
slightly caudad from its midpoint, its ends slightly recurved and terminating in
subdorsal area about opposite its midpoint, located just anterior to thoracoab-
dominal suture. Segmental sutures terminating in subdorsal area; cephalo-
thoracic suture diagonal near ends and with a rearward bend if apparent in
center; pro-mesothoracic suture curved or straight near ends and with a median
rearward bend; meso-metathoracic suture nearly straight; thoracoabdominal
suture directed similarly to transverse molting one, but continued diagonally
caudad from opposite ends of the latter and terminating in outer subdorsal area;
first and second abdominal sutures bent cephalad near ends and nearly or actu-
ally reaching the thoracoabdominal one; third and fourth abdominal sutures
nearly straight; fifth and sixth curved caudad from submedian area, seventh
bent strongly backward from submedian area. Median length of cephalic
segment greater than that of thorax, prothorax slightly longer than subequal
meso- and metathorax; subequal length of abdominal segments 1, 2, and 7
usually slightly less than that of segments 3-6, each much shorter than segment
8. Pockets small, inconspicuous. Submedian depressions often weak on
cephalothorax, well defined on abdomen, pairs arranged as follows: One or 2 in
cephalo-thoracic suture, 1 in and 1 adjoining posteriorly the pro-mesothoracic
suture, 1 on mesothorax, | posterior to meso-metathoracic suture, 1 on meta-
thorax, 1 adjoining posteriorly the thoracoabdominal and each abdominal
suture. Vasiform orifice somewhat cordate, rather deep, its sides vertically
ridged, its bottom rugose, a vertical rim on its sides, located approximately its

1 i discussion of terminology see Russell, 1943, Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 45;
[131]-132,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 3

length from posterior suture and one or two times its length from body margin.
Operculum occupying about two-thirds of orifice, nearly as long as wide, its
posterior margin curved; its dorsal surface somewhat sculptured near base and a
tongue-shaped area defined at distal end; numerous minute spines present ven-
trally; a pair of small ventral setae near posterior margin. Lingula contained
in orifice, elongate, with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral lobes and an unpaired terminal
one, covered with minute spines; a pair of small setae at base of posterior lateral
lobes and an elongate ventral pair at base of terminal lobe. A groove extending
from anterior angles of vasiform orifice to the well defined caudal furrow; the
latter extending to tracheal pore area teeth; a rather broad rounded ridge out-
side grooves and furrow, its outer margin approaching or reaching the posterior
suture opposite anterior margin of orifice.

Marginal wax tubes visible at tracheal pore areas, usually not evident else-
where. ‘Tracheal folds fairly broad, without characteristic markings. Opening
of thoracic spiracles slightly longer than wide, derm around them lightly sclerot-
ized, about same size as posterior abdominal pair, which is located opposite
widest part of vasiform orifice; anterior abdominal pair minute or indistinguish-
able. Segmentation of beak indistinct, apparently 3 pairs of setae at tip.
Antenna l-segmented, reaching about to anterior spiracle, its distal end covered
with minute spines, the tip narrowed and fingerlike, 3 sensoria at base of nar-
rowed area. Leg indistinctly segmented, stout, disklike at tip, 2 minute setae
just before tip and 1 just before these; 2-4 minute setae around basal area of
each leg, and a relatively elongate, slender seta on inner basal area of each middle
and posterior leg. Adhesive sacs large, inconspicuous. Bifid sac present in
males.

Aleuroglandulus subtilis Bondar ‘
Aleuroglandulus subtilis Bondar, 1923, Aleyrodideos do Brasil, pp. 121-122,

illus.

A posteriorly curved, horn-shaped, waxy process rising from dorsal glands.

Specimens ovoid, measuring around 1.10 mm. long and 0.90 wide.

Tracheal pore area teeth somewhat tusk-shaped, the majority large and
moderately to strongly acute, but the outer ones sometimes short and rounded,
often bent downward from the base; 7-12 in 40-60u at each thoracic, and 21-29
in 110-140u at abdominal tracheal pore area. Anterior marginal setae 12u
long, posterior marginal 28.

Rather weak ridges extending from body margin nearly to center of subdorsal
area; the ridges usually slightly narrower than alternating furrows at body
margin but gradually widening and the furrows narrowing to depressed lines; a
few depressed lines across inner end of others. A prothoracic pair of subcircu-
lar, somewhat sclerotized glands 120-140u long and 100-135 wide extending
practically from cephalo-thoracic to pro-mesothoracic suture, their axes parallel
to axis of body; distal part of pro-mesothoracic suture curved around gland.
Pairs of disk pores and porettes arranged as follows: One submedian each on
cephalic, mesothoracic, and third and fourth abdominal segments; | subdorsal
on each thoracic segment and on each of abdominal segments 5-7. Pairs of
minute submedian invaginations arranged as follows: One prothoracic close to
inner edge of gland, 1 mesothoracic posterior to gland, and 1 on each of abdomi-

+ PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

nal segments 3, 5, and 7. Cephalic and first abdominal setae each about 12u
long; eighth abdominal around 1l6u, almost contiguous to ends of rim along
anterior edge of vasiform orifice; caudal 40-64u, submedian in position, located
well outside ridges beside caudal furrow at base of tracheal pore area teeth,
about 16 teeth between them; bases of dorsal setae slightly tuberculate. Vasi-
form orifice cordate, rather narrow posteriorly, 65—70u long and 56-60 wide, its
posterior end about length of orifice from body margin; a well-defined, flat rim
12u long across anterior end of orifice, a notch in posterior end of vertical rim,
and a tooth in orifice opposite the notch. Operculum 36—44u long and 40-46
wide. Lingula 48—52u long and 24-28 wide, with 3 pairs of lateral lobes, its
long setae 36-40u.

A conspicuous spine 12—16u long on inner basal area of each leg and one about
6u sometimes present on middle legs. ‘Two setae about 12—15u long mesad of
each posterior leg and one about 124 mesad of each middle leg. Ventral abdomi-
nal setae about 25y long.

Redescribed from six specimens, the type from Chomelia
oligantha Muell. Arg., Bahia, Brazil, Gregorio Bondar; four
removed from plants in the United States National Herbarium
by Marjorie J. Camp, from Chomelia spinosa Jacq., Rio Pedro
Miguel, near Fast Paraiso, Panama Canal Zone, P. C. Standley,
January 7, 1924, from Chamaedorea wendlandiana (Oerst.)
Hemsl., Cerro de la Plata, near San Felix, Chiriqui, Panama,
H. Pittier, December 17, 1911, and from Synecanthus warscewicz-
ianus Wendl., between Gorgona and Gatun, Panama Canal
Zone, H. Pittier, January 7, 1911; one from an aroid plant,
Panama Canal Zone, James Zetek, March 12, 1923.

Aleuroglandulus magnus, new species

Differing from A. subtilis as follows: Specimens 1.25—1.55 mm. long and 1-1.25
wide. Each thoracic tracheal pore area with 14—20 teeth in 60-90u, abdominal
one with 28-42 teeth in 140-240u. A narrow marginal band divided by shallow
grooves spaced at nearly uniform intervals, the wide ridges and furrows extend-
ing inward from the band; the furrows usually narrowed to depressed lines sud-
denly or broken up by cross lines, in outer subdorsal area. Prothoracic glands
145-190u long and 120-155 wide, their axes diagonal to, and their anterior ends
toward, median line of body. Caudal setae 25—30u long, 14-18 teeth between
them. Vasiform orifice 72-80u long and 60-76 wide. Operculum 45—56yu
long and wide, its posterior end narrow. Lingula 52—60u long and 28-32 wide,
its long setae 32u. Spines absent from inner basal area of legs.

Described from six specimens removed from plants in the
United States National Herbarium by Marjorie J. Camp, as
follows: Chamaedorea wendlandiana (Oerst.) Hemsl., Boca de
Pauarando, Sambu River, Darien, Panama, H. Pittier, Febru-
ary 1912; Synecanthus warscewiczianus Wendl., north of Frijoles,
Panama Canal Zone, P. C, Standley, December 19, 1923 (n-
‘cluding holotype).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 5)

Aleuroglandulus emmae, new species

Aleuroglandulus striatus Sampson and Drews, 1941, An. de la Escuela Nac. Cien.
Biol. [Mexico] 2: 157-159, illus., in part.

Differing from 4. subtilis as follows: A waxy process smaller than the pro-
thoracic one arising from glands on abdominal segment 3. Specimens 1.10-1.25
mm. long and 0.90-1 wide. Rather numerous depressed lines crossing inner
part of furrows extending inward from body margin. Each thoracic tracheal
pore area with 9-15 teeth in 58-88u, abdominal one with 20-24 teeth (usually
rather blunt at tip) in 120-140u. Prothoracic glands 120-160 long and 120-140
wide; a pair of subcircular glands 50—70y long and 50-80 wide on abdominal
segment 3, their axes diagonal to, and their posterior ends toward, median line
of body. Caudal setae 45—-80u long, 12-16 teeth between them. Vasiform
orifice slightly broader near apex, 72-80u long and 64-66 wide. Operculum
44-48 long and 48-52 wide. Lingula 44-60u long and 28-32 wide.

Described from seven mounted specimens (all examined
before mounting) as follows: From a plant belonging to the
Flacourtiaceae, between La Union and Sihuantanejo, Guerrero,
Mexico, G. F. Ferris, February 3, 1926 (including holotype);
Gardenia sp., Mexico, intercepted at El Paso, C. H. Wallis,
November 3, 1939; Galactia acapulcensis Rose (plant in the
United States National Herbarium), Los Labrados to Marisma,
Sinaloa, Mexico, Rose and Painter, August 11, 1905; Galactia?
sp., Sanibel Island, Fla., E. A. Back, summer 1909. One para-
type is in the collection of Stanford University.

Sampson and Drews’ description and illustrations of striatus
refer in part to this species. A discussion of the confusion con-
cerning the two is given under striatus.

Aleuroglandulus malangae, new species

Differing from 4. emmae as follows: Each thoracic tracheal pore area with
4-8 short, blunt teeth in 28-50, usually pointing downward; abdominal pore
area with 17-24 teeth in 116-156y. Prothoracic glands about 140y long and 120
wide; abdominal ones 60-80y long and 70-88 wide, their axes transverse to axis
of body. Caudal setae 68—-72u long. Vasiform orifice broader at posterior end,
measuring 68—/6u long and 64-72 wide, the rim across its anterior end l6u
long. Operculum 44-524 long and 52-56 wide. Lingula 56-68u long and
28-32 wide.

Described from unmounted paratypes, eight mounted para-
types, and mounted holotype from Malanga [ Xanthosoma sp.],
Cuba, intercepted at New York, S. D. Whitlock, December 3,
SESE ,

The insects were abundant on the leaves submitted.

6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

Aleuroglandulus striatus Sampson and Drews

Aleuroglandulus striatus Sampson and Drews, 1941, An. dela Escuela Nac. Cien.
Biol. [Mexico] 2: 157-159, illus., in part.

Waxy secretions not observed, presumably similar to those in other species
of the genus, but waxy process from dorsal gland probably much smaller than
in other described species.

Specimens elliptical, measuring around 1.30 mm. long and 1 wide.

Tracheal pore area teeth large, shaped somewhat like a finger bent downward
from its proximal joint; 7 or 8 in 45—50y at each thoracic, and 10 or 11 in 60-65
at abdominal tracheal pore area. Anterior marginal setae 16u long, posterior
marginal setae broken.

Rather weak ridges extending from body margin nearly or actually to sub-
median area; ridges usually wider than furrows at margin, the furrows quickly
narrowing to depressed lines; a few depressed cross lines in inner and outer
subdorsal area. A prothoracic pair of somewhat tuberculate glands around 28u
in diameter, not approaching cephalothoracic or pro-mesothoracic suture;
distal part of the latter suture nearly straight. Pairs of disk pores and porettes
arranged as follows: One submedian on cephalic, on mesothoracic, and on each
of abdominal segments 3—5; 1 subdorsal on each cephalothoracic segment and
on each of abdominal segments 6-8 (the posterior pair opposite eighth abdominal
setae close to suture). Usually 1-6 minute invaginations in inner subdorsal
area of each segment except first, second, and eighth abdominal, and usually a
median pair on each of abdominal segments 3-5. Cephalic and first abdominal
setae each about 8u long, their bases tuberculate; eighth abdominal about 24u,
located opposite anterior margin of orifice in outer edge of groove; caudal about
32u, located at end of ridges beside caudal furrow at base of tracheal pore area
teeth, about 5 teeth between them. Vasiform orifice somewhat cordate, broad
at apex, 60-64 long and wide, located about twice its length from body margin;
usually a notch in rim at posterior end, a tooth in the notch and one opposite
it in orifice. Operculum 3640p long and 44-48 wide. Lingula 40-44y long
and 24 wide, with 2 pairs of weak lateral lobes, its long setae 36—40y.

A seta about 24 long on inner basal area of posterior legs and one about 12u
on middle legs. Ventral abdominal setae 36y long.

Redescribed from the holotype, and another specimen from
the same source but not seen by Sampson and Drews, collected
from a plant belonging to the Flacourtiaceae,’? between La
Union and Sihuatanejo, Guerrero, Mexico, G. F. Ferris, Febru-
ary 3, 1926; and from four specimens collected by Marjorie J.
Camp from Coccoloba in the Herbarium of the New York Botanic
Garden or the United States National Herbarium, as follows:
C. schiedeana Lind., Las Pinas near Canela, Chiapas, Mexico,
Collins and Doyle, December 13, 1906; C. hondurensis Lund.,
vicinity of Quirigua, Izabal, Guatemala, P. C. Standley, May
15-31, 1922; Coccoloba sp., Cuyamel, Honduras, M. A. Carleton,
April 10, 1924.

2 Kindly identified by C. V. Morton, United States National Herbarium.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 Z

Two species were partially described in the original treatment
of striatus. ‘The present concept of the species is of course
based on the holotype, the only specimen in the complex seen
both by Sampson and Drews and by the present writer. The
latter has examined a part of the original collection from which
the former writers obtained their material, however, and in it
found representatives of the true striatus and apparently of the
species confused with it. The latter is herein described as
emmae. In the original treatment the thoracic and abdominal
glands mentioned and illustrated belong to emmae rather than
to striatus though the abdominal pair is located on the third
rather than on the second segment. ‘The figures of the legs also
appear to refer to emmae since there are no long setae on the
anterior legs of striatus. Other corrections of the original de-
scription or figures are as follows: There is one instead of two
pairs of dorsal setae on the cephalothorax, the pair of setae
anterior to the vasiform orifice is ventral rather than dorsal,
the ‘“‘one pair of small glands with central process” are the pos-
terior abdominal spiracles, the median molting suture extends
to the transverse one rather than terminating on the cephalic
segment, and some of the disk pores occupy different positions
than shown.

A. striatus, although congeneric, is distinct from the other
species treated in this paper and represents a different group.

Key to Species oF ALEUROGLANDULUS

1. Prothoracic glands relatively small and inconspicuous, tuberculate,
not strongly differentiated from adjacent derm, not approaching
cephalo-thoracic or pro-mesothoracic suture; tracheal pore area
teeth shaped somewhat like a finger bent downward from its proxi-
mal joint; ridges extending from body margin practically to sub-
median area; no subdorsal disk pores on abdominal segment 5 but a
subdorsal pair on cephalic segment and on abdominal segment 8;
without a rim across anterior end of vasiform orifice, the orifice
located about twice its length from body margin; minute invaginat-
tions in inner subdorsal area; spines absent from inner basal area of
lesssibodyaellipticals-esrr «suas ee ee. striatus Sampson and Drews

Prothoracic glands large and conspicuous, nearly flat, strongly differ-
entiated from adjacent derm, extending practically from cephalo-
thoracic to pro-mesothoracic suture; tracheal pore area teeth some-
what tusk-shaped; ridges extending from body margin nearly to
center of subdorsal area; a pair of subdorsal disk pores on abdominal
segment 5 but no subdorsal ones on cephalic segment or on abdomin-
alsegment 8; witha rim across anterior end of vasiform orifice, the
orifice located about its length from body margin; minute invagina-
tions in submedian area; spines absent or present on inner basal
area of legs: body ovoid. --.:....2...- Di SNS Bigs ede Geet 2

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

2.. One pair of glands present, located on prothorax..................-+. 3
Two pairs of glands present, 1 located on prothorax and 1 on abdomi-

nal segment 3

3. Inner basal area of each leg with a conspicuous spine; prothoracic
glands 120-140p long and 100-135 wide, their axes parallel to axis
of body; each thoracic tracheal pore area with 7-12 teeth in 40-60u
and abdominal one with 21-29 teeth in 110—140y; specimens around
[FlOiumelongsan dO Onwidefaawssee 4-2 eee subtilis Bondar

Inner basal area of legs without spines; prothoracic glands 145-190u
long and 120-155 wide, their axes diagonal to axis of body; each
thoracic tracheal pore area with 1420 teeth in 60-90u and abdomi-
nal one with 28-42 teeth in 140-240u; specimens 1.25—1.55 mm.
longandal R25 wide. ...wscpeeiceas eaten eee magnus, new species

4. Each thoracic tracheal pore area with 9-15 strong, sharp teeth in
58-88u; axes of abdominal glands diagonal to axis of body; vasiform
orifice fairly broadly cordate, in the proportion of 72—80u long and
C4SOGr wider: cue an. os kot tiAne Ee Peay hs ein emmae, new species

Each thoracic tracheal pore area with 4-8 short, blunt teeth in 28—50u;
axes of abdominal glands transverse to axis of body; vasiform orifice
broadly cordate, in the proportion of 68—76u long and 64-72 wide....

Figure
Figure

Figure

Figure
Figure

Figure
Figure
Figure

Figure

PUN es CREEL baa tee SiS SI a Ve Neen see ee malangae, new species

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1

1. Aleuroglandulus subtilis, dorsum, X 60.

2. Aleuroglandulus subtilis, thoracic tracheal pore area teeth, dorsal
view, X 650.

3... Aleuroglandulus emmae, half of third abdominal segment, dorsal
view, X 115.

4, Aleuroglandulus emmae, posterior segment, dorsal view, X 165.

5. Aleuroglandulus emmae, spines and setae on inner basal area of
middle leg, X 650.

6. Aleuroglandulus emmae, minute invagination, X 1500.

7. Aleuroglandulus emmae, disk pore and porette, X 1500.

8. Aleuroglandulus malangae, thoracic tracheal pore area teeth, dorsal
view, X 650.

9. Aleuroglandulus malangae, vasiform orifice, X 165.

Figure 10. Aleuroglandulus magnus, area around prothoracic gland, X 60.
Figure 11. Aleuroglandulus magnus, operculum, X 165.

Figure 12. Aleuroglandulus magnus, section of margin and submargin, X 345.
Figure 13. Aleuroglandulus striatus, dorsum, X 60
Figure 14. Aleuroglandulus striatus, thoracic tracheal pore area teeth, dorsal

view, X 650.

Figure 15. Aleuroglandulus striatus, setae on inner basal area of middle leg, X

650.
(Drawings by Sara Hoke DeBord.)

PLATE 1

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

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[9]

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

THREE NEW SPECIES OF SYRPHID FLIES IN THE BRITISH
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

By F. M. Hutz, University of Mississippt

Several years ago a collection of unstudied syrphid flies was
submitted to the author by the British Museum of Natural
History. Of the numerous new forms, two studies have ap-
peared in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series
[1). This paper describes two species of Baccha and a species
of Ceriogaster.

Baccha vera, new species

Abdomen long and quite slender; third and fourth segments each with a
pair of subquadrate, yellow spots, only the second and third segments with
opaque black markings. Sixth segment short but flattened dorso-ventrally.
Related, perhaps, to /ativentris Curran.

Female——Length 11 mm. Head: Vertex shining black with a single row of
black hairs. The front is flattened and transversely striate on all except the
lower callus area, and shining steel-blue. The sides of the front are narrowly
yellowish-white with whitish pile. The pile over the central portion of the
front is blackish. Face yellowish-white, narrower below from in front. The
tubercle is well developed, the cheeks light brown, the pile of face white and
the sides silvery pubescent, except on the lowest sixth; antennae light brown.
Thorax: Shining blackish, with two, broad, widely separated, bluish-black, grey
pollinose vittae; sides of mesonotum also dark. The humeri are light brown,
the scutellum brownish-black, or very dark brown with short, abundant, pale
pile; the ventral fringe, if present, can not be detected. ‘The upper part of the
mesopleuron, its posterior margin and a spot on the upper sternopleuron are
yellowish-white; remainder of pleura very dark brown; all thoracic pile white.
Abdomen: Extremely slender, shining brownish-black; there ts a short, opaque
black annulus near the posterior fourth of the second segment and there are a
pair of widely separated, small, lateral, somewhat oval, yellowish spots in the
middle of the anterior half of the third segment and a pair of larger, subquadrate,
narrowly subbasal spots upon the fourth segment with their postero-medial
corners rounded. ‘The sixth segment is widened and dorso-ventrally flattened,
but is rounded apically, and is without ridges to enclose the laterally flattened,
short ovipositor. Legs: First and second pairs of legs pale whitish-yellow;
there is a wide, subapical brown band on each femur and the last two tarsal
joints are pale brown; the pile is whitish. ‘The hind femora, except for their
narrow bases and narrow apices are dark brown; these other parts, the basal
two fifths of the hind tibia and the last sixth of the hind basitarsus and remain-
ing tarsal joints are whitish. First part of basitarsus and greater part of its
tibia blackish and black pilose. Wings: Elongate, slender and hyaline; the
stigmal cell is brown, the costal cell pale brownish-yellow. Alulae practically
but not quite absent. The linear vestige is only a third or less as wide as the
basal portion of the costal cell.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 11

Holotype: A female. Amazon (66.53). British Museum of
Natural History.

Baccha triloba, new species

Abdomen steel blue, with opaque black pattern, the fourth segment trilobate.
Related, perhaps to /ativentris Curran.

Female—Length 6.5mm. Head: Vertex steel-blue with a single row of black
hairs. The front is wholly shining steel-blue with whitish pile. The antennal
callus is also steel blue. The face is entirely steel-blue except for a tiny brown
spot on the moderate tubercle; the sides of the face are widely silvery pubescent
and white pilose. The cheeks are very narrow and pale brown; the antennae
dark brown. Thorax: Mesonotum shining bluish-black with, viewed obliquely,
a pair of slender, narrow, submedial, blackish and more or less linear vittae;
near the middle upon either side there is a similar one. The halteres are dark
brown. The sides of the mesonotum, the whole pleura and scutellum are
concolorous with the mesonotum. All the thoracic pile erect and whitish and
quite sparse upon the scutellum. The extreme rim of the scutellum is some-
what reddish-brown. Abdomen: Flattened, spatulate, very little narrower
basally, and shining bluish-black marked with opaque black. Beginning
just at or past the middle of the second segment there is a wide, opaque black,
continuous fascia narrowed laterally. In the middle of the third segment
there is a transverse, black, opaque fascia which is postero-medially indented;
the lateral portions of the anterior margin of this fascia are rounded and convex
upon either side and the anteromedial portion extends forward as an anterior,
rounded, narrow wedge that does not reach the base of the segment. Pattern
of fourth segment similar to third. Fifth segment with three, somewhat elong-
ate, vittate black spots. Legs: Dark brown, the apical fifth of each of the
first four femora and the narrow apices of the hind pair and the basal halves of
all of the tibiae pale yellowish. The hind basitarsi and remaining joints are
dark brownish-black. Wings: Basal half faintly and dilutely brown including
whole of the stigmal cell; apical portion hyaline; alulae quite well developed.

Holotype.—A female. Amazon (66-53) British Museum of
Natural History.

Ceriogaster funebris, new species

Mesonotum with two divided, narrow, golden pollinose fascia, and a similar
triangle before the scutellum; abdomen but little constricted, with a pair of
elongate, reddish vittae. Related to rudis Hull with wider abdomen and no
reddish vittae, etc.

Male.—Length 7 mm. Head: Vertex shining greenish-black, but opaque
black across the ocelli and yellowish pubescent in front and also behind the
ocelli. ‘The upper part of the occiput has a single row of stout, black spines.
The front and the sides of the face are covered with pale, brassy or golden
pubescence; the ground color of the sides of the face and the posterior part of
the cheeks are reddish-brown. The face is keeled, greenish black, transversely
striate, and the cheeks separated by an angle and ridged. There is a slight

ie PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

depression in the face beneath the antennae. The antennae are moderately
elongate, the first two joints of each light reddish-brown, the third joint greyish-
brown. Arista long and slender, light brown basally, darker apically. The
eyes touch for only a short distance, perhaps less than twice the length of the
anterior ocellus. ‘The upper anterior facets of the eyes are greatly enlarged.
Thorax: Dull black, with densely black, microscopic pile, with two, widely
interrupted, prominent, transverse stripes of golden pubescence. The posterior
stripe borders the transverse suture. ‘The anterior stripe is interhumeral, its
anterior margin has a row of stout, black spinules. There is a narrow band of
whitish pubescence posteriorly on the mesopleuron and the whole sterno-
pleuron is silvery pubescent and there is fainter pubescence over much of the
remainder of the pleura, the metasternum and their coxae. There is short white
pile posteriorly on the mesopleuron and some on the pteropleuron. There is
short golden pile on the anterior golden fascia and some on the extreme anterior
lateral portion of the mesonotum. ‘The humeri are greenish-black with pale
pile and some darker hairs. There are black spinules on the anterior portion
of the post-calli and some above the wing. ‘There is a more or less triangular,
wide patch of bright golden pubescence in front of the scutellum with an antero-
medial extension. Viewed dorsally the scutellum is brassy with some golden
pubescence and sparse, short, black appressed setae. Three are four or five
pale short hairs on the ventral fringe. dbdomen: Subpetiolate, the second seg-
ment about equally wide basally as apically and with, on either side, a large,
lateral, shining, brownish-red vittate stripe. This leaves the middle of the
segment opaque brownish-black. The abdomen begins to expand at the base
of the short third segment; this segment is faintly greenish-black upon the
base and extensively in the anterior corners, becoming more metallic upon the
sides; the posterior margins are linearly shining. The greater portion of the
third segment, from corner to corner, is covered by an opaque black triangle
which reaches the mid point of the base of the segment. Fourth segment
entirely dull, feebly shining black with, broadly over the center, a very faint
milky-bluish cast; it becomes more greenish or brassy and metallic upon the
lateral margins and dark reddish-brown upon the posterior margins. The
short hypopygium is also reddish brown. Pile of the abdomen pale brassy
upon the sides, becoming black, short, microscopic and appressed throughout
the middle of the first three segments and upon the central portion of the base
of the fourth segment. The pile of the fourth segment over the middle of the
base and the whole of the posterior part is shining, pale yellow. Legs: Dark
shining brown, the whole of the anterior tibiae except their narrow bases and
all of their tarsi jet black. The anterior tarsi are flattened, but only moderately
widened. The tarsal pile is black and the tibial pile black except upon the
posterior surface where it is white. Hind femora moderately thickened, less
thickened than in rudis Hull. The first four hind tarsal joints and mid tarsal
joints are light brownish to yellow. Wings: Pale brownish hyaline, the stigmal
cell dark brown.

Holotype-—A male. British Guiana, Essequibo River, Mo-
raballi Creek, August 20, 1929. Oxford University Expedition.
British Museum of Natural History.

PLATE 2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

MAULSBY WILLETT BLACKMAN
1876 - 1943

[14]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 15

MAULSBY WILLETT BLACKMAN
1876-1943

Maulsby Willett Blackman was born at Lawrence, Kansas,
March 26, 1876; and died at his home in Silver Spring, Mary-
land, near Washington, D. C., on October 12, 1943.

He was graduated from the University of Kansas in 1901, and
took his A. M. degree from this school the following year. From
1901 to 1904 he served as instructor in zoology and histology at
the University of Kansas. He held the Austin fellowship at
Harvard in 1904 and 1905, and obtained his Ph. D. degree
from Harvard in 1905. For the next five years (1905-1909) he
was instructor in histology at Western Kansas University. In
1909 he joined the staff of Syracuse University where he was
assistant professor of zoology from 1909 to 1911, and associate
professor, 1911 to 1913. He took a leading part in organizing
a department of entomology, with special emphasis on forest
insects, at the State College of Forestry at Syracuse, and was
professor of forest entomology at this institution from 1913 to
1929. During the summers of 1925, 1926 and 1927 Dr. Black-
man had appointments as field assistant in the Forest Insects
Division in the Bureau of Entomology, and devoted his entire
time to a detailed study of the Black Hills beetle and its aggres-
sive outbreak in the Kaibab National Forest and surrounding
regions. ‘This was the first comprehensive study of this destruc-
tive barkbeetle and the results were published in a bulletin of
the New York State College of Forestry. In 1929 he was
appointed specialist in Scolytidae in the Division of Forest
Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine; later he became senior entomologist, and in 1937 he joined
the Division of Insect Identification in the same Bureau, where
he remained until his death. While with the Division of Forest
Insects he acted, at times, as assistant chief, in which capacity
the soundness of his judgments and recommendations reflected,
no doubt, his broad biological background and remarkable
grasp of the fundamentals of insect control.

Naturally of discerning mind and critical attitude, his views,
though usually based on sound reasoning, were often expressed
with disconcerting frankness. As a teacher, his humor and
integrity, combined with a genuine interest in the work and in
his students, raised him to a place of high esteem; and he will
be remembered by many as a favorite instructor, a helpful
colleague, and a staunch friend. MHis interest in his former
students never lagged, and he always welcomed the opportunity
of chatting with any who might visit him after he left Syracuse.
Dr. Blackman was a member of the American Association of
Economic Entomologists, the Entomological Society of Wash-
ington, the Entomological Society of America, and a fellow of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science,

16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

During his early academic career Dr. Blackman did a consid-
erable amount of cytological work, the results of which were
published in several papers on spermatogenesis in Myriapods,
and in one paper on the histology of the scent glands in Mephitis.
Later, his chief scientific interests centered in the study of the
life histories, taxonomy, and control of forest insects, particu-
larly of barkbeetles (Scolytidae). Wide field experience with
Scolytidae, many species of which exhibit complex and marvel-
ously perfected instincts, and highly specialized food plant
associations, gave Dr. Blackman a clear conception of the im-
portant part that biological data may be made to play in taxo-
nomic investigations; and more than once he expressed the
opinion to colleagues that at least a mention of food plants,
and preferably a more or less extended account of the biology,
should be considered an integral part of technical descriptions.
Most of his taxonomic papers deal with genera and species of
Scolytidae from North America; a few are on species of other
regions. In most cases his revisions are accompanied by illus-
trations, and by well planned synoptic keys. ‘Though handi-
capped by ill health in recent years, he maintained an active
interest in his special province to the end, and had completed a
manuscript on Scolytids a short time before his last, brief
illness.

A list ! of Dr. Blackman’s published works follows:

1901. The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. I. Notes on the spermatocytes
and spermatids of Scolopendra: Kansas Univ. Quart., 10: 61-76,
pls. 5-7.

1903. The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. IJ. On the chromatin in the
spermatocytes of Scolopendra heros: Biol. Bull., 5: 187-217, 22 figs.

1905. The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. III. The spermatogenesis of
Scolopendra heros: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. (Harvard), 48: 1-138,
pls. 1-9, 9 text figs.

1905. The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. IV. On the karyosphere and
nucleolus in the spermatocytes of Scolopendra subspinipes: Proc.
Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci., 41: 331-344, 1 pl.

1907. The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. V. On the spermatocytes of
Lithobius: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. (contrib. from Bermuda Biol.
Sta. for Research no. 10), 42: 487-518, 2 pls. and bibliography.

1908. Theories of sex determination resting on a cytological basis: The Cleve-
land Med. Journ., 7: 197-209, 1 text fig.

1910. ‘The spermatogenesis of the myriapods. VI. An analysis of the chromo-
some group of Scolopendra heros: Biol. Bull., 19: 138-160, 2 pls., 4 figs.

1911. The anal glands of Mephitis mephitica: Anat. Rec., 5: 491-515, 5 pls.

1912. On a supernumerary median ocellus in Melanoplus femur-rubrum:

Psyche, 19: 92-96, 3 figs.

1 Compiled by Miss Mathilde M. Carpenter, Librarian, Division of Insects,
U, S, National Museum, *

1915.
1916.
1918.
1918.
1918.
HHI):

L919:

1919.
1919.
L919:

1920.

1920.

192ie
1922.
1922.
1922:

1922.

1924.

1924.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 17

Observations on the life history and habits of Pityogenes hopkins? Swaine:
N. Y. State Coll. Forestry (Tech. Pub. no. 2), 16 (1): 11-66, 6 pls,
and bibliography.

(With W. O. Ellis). Some insect enemies of shade trees and ornamental
shrubs: N. Y. State Coll. Forestry Bull., 16 (26): 1-123, 1 col. pl. 56
figs.

(With Harry H. Stage). Notes on insects bred from the bark and wood
of the American larch: N. Y. State Coll. Forestry (Tech. Pub. no. 10),
18 (4): 2-115, 9 pls. and bibliography.

On the insect visitors to the blossoms of wild blackberry and wild
Spiraea—a study in seasonal distribution: N. Y. State Coll. Fores-
try (Tech. Pub. no. 10), 18 (4): 119-144 and bibliography.

Apple tent caterpillar: Journ. Econ. Ent., 11: 432-433.

Nature’s control of the apple tent caterpillar: Empire Forester, (N. Y.
State Coll. Forestry), 4: 25-26, 2 figs.

Notes on forest insects. I. On two bark-beetles attacking the trunks
of white pine trees: Psyche, 26 (4): 85-96, pl. 4.

Notes on forest insects. II. Notes on several species of Pityophthorus
breeding in the limbs and twigs of white pine: Psyche, 26 (5): 134-142,
pls. 7-9.

Report on the spruce budworm, 10 pp. Pub. by Maine Forestry Dept.
in cooperation with Foresty Dept., Univ. of Maine and Maine Agr.
fixp. Sta. :

Report on the white pine weevil, 12 pp. op. cit.

Notes on forest insects. III. Two new species of Pityophthorus from
Colorado: Psyche, 27 (1): 1-5, pl. 1.

North American Ipidae of the subfamily Micracinae, with descriptions
of new species and genera: Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. no. 9:
1-62, pls. 1-5 and bibliography.

Descriptions of eight new bark beetles (Ipidae) from Mississippi: Miss.
Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. no. 10: 1-16, pls. 1, 2.

Mississippi bark beetles: Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. no. 11: 1-130,
pls. 1-18, bibliography and index to genera and species.

New species of Ipidae from Maine: N. Y. State Coll. Forestry (Tech.
Pub. no. 16), 22 (5): 117-136, pls. 6-9.

Two new bark beetles from Colorado: N. Y. State Coll. Forestry (Tech.
Pub. no. 16), 22 (5): 137-141, pl. 10.

Description of Hylocurus parkinsoniae n. sp., with revisional notes on
Hylocurus Eichhoff and Micracis Leconte: N Y. State Coll. Forestry
(Tech. Pub. no. 16), 22 (5): 142-148, pl. 11.

The effect of deficiency and excess in rainfall upon the hickory bark
beetle: Jour. Econ. Ent., 17: 460-470, 1 fig.

(With Harry H. Stage.) On the succession of insects living in the
bark and wood of dying, dead and decaying hickory: N. Y. State Col.
Forestry (Tech. Pub. no. 17), 24 (22): 3-240, pls. 1-14 and bibli-
ography.

18

1928.

1931.

19311.

193i,

1934.

1938.
1938.

1938.

1939:
1940.
1940.

1940.

1941.
1942.

1942.

1942.

1943.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

The genus Pityophthorus Eichh. in North America. A revisional study
of the Pityophthori, with descriptions of two new genera and seventy-
one new species: N. Y. State Coll. Forestry Bull. (Tech. Pub. no. 25),
1 (3-b): 5-183, pls. 1-11, bibliography pp. 157-159 and index to
genera and species pp. 209-212.

Notes on Micracinae, with descriptions of twelve new species: N. Y.
State Coll. Forestry Bull. (Tech. Pub. no. 25), 1 (3-b): 185-208,
index to genera and species pp. 209-212.

A revisional study of the genus Pseudopityophthorus Sw. in North
America: Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 21 (10). 223-236, 15 figs. and
bibliography.

A revisional study of the genus Gnathotrichus Eichhoff in North America:
Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 21 (12): 264-276, 18 figs. and bibliography.

The Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.): N. Y. State
Coll. Forestry Bull. (Tech. Pub. no. 36), 4 (4): 1-97, pls. 1-10, 6 figs.
and bibliography.

A revisional study of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Eccoptogaster Herbst)
in North America: U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 431: 1-30 and bibli-
ography.

New species of Cactopinus Schwarz (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., 40 (6): 151-157.

Ancyloderes, a new genus of Scolytidae: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 40 (7):
204-206.

The genus Chramesus Leconte in North America (Coleoptera: Scolyti-
dae): Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 28 (12): 534-545, 9 figs. and bibli-
ography.

A new genus and three new species of Scolytidae from Argentina and
Bolivia (Coleoptera): Rev. Ent. (Rio de J.), 10 (1): 86-96, 13 figs.

The scolytid beetles of the genus Renocis Casey, with descriptions of
nine new species: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 88 (3084): 373-401, 2 figs.

A new species of Xylechinus Chapuis from Montana (Coleoptera, Scolyti-
dae): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 42 (6): 123-125, 4 figs.

Reviews article by W. J. Chamberlin—The bark timber beetles of North
America north of Mexico—in Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 42, No. 2,
pp. 46-47.

Bark beetles of the genus Hylastes Erichson in North America: U. S.
Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 417: 1-26 with index to genera and species.

Revision of the bark beetles belonging to the genus Pseudohylesinus
Swaine: U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 461: 1-31, 3 figs.

New species of bark beetles (Pityophthorini) from Mexico and Tropical
America (Coleoptera, Scolytidae): Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 92 (3147);
177-228, pls. 20-23.

Revision of the genus Phloeosinus Chapuis in North America (Coleop-
tera, Scolytidae): Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 92 (3154): 397-474, pls,
38-41.

New genera and species of bark beetles of the subfamily Micracinae
(Scolytidae, Coleoptera): Proc. U. S, Nat. Mus., 93 (3165): 341-365,
pls. 29, 30,

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WASH., VOL. 46

T. SOC

19)

PROC.

c

PLATE J

ELMER DARWIN BALL

- 1943

1870

[20]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 Zt

1943. New genera and species of neotropical bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolyti-
dae): Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 33 (2): 34-38, 6 figs.

1943. New species of Scolytoplatypus Schaufuss from Malaysia (Coleoptera:
Scolytoidea): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 45 (5): 121-126, pl. 12.

1943. New species of American Scolytoid beetles, mostly neotropical: Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 94 (3174): 371-399, pls. 15, 16, 17. (Issued Nov.
22, 1943, a little more than a month after Dr. Blackman’s death.)

F. C. CratcHeap, H. H. Srace, ano L. L. BucHanan.

ELMER DARWIN BALL
1870-1943

Dr. Elmer Darwin Ball who was a member of our Society for
more than twenty-five years, died October 5th, 1943. He was
born in Athens, Vt., September 21, 1870, and in early life moved
with his family to northwestern Iowa where he grew up in a
pioneer farm community.

In early life he must have been interested in natural history
and when entering Iowa State College, was already turning his
attention to entomology in which he specialized during his
college course. He graduated with a B. S. in 1895 and re-
mained for two years as Assistant Entomologist in the Iowa
Experiment Station, receiving his Master’s Degree and then
went to Colorado as assistant to Professor Gillette in the
Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. In 1902 he was
Entomologist in the Agricultural College of Utah; from 1907 to
1916 he was Dean of Agriculture and Director of the Experi-
ment Station. He served as State Entomologist of Wisconsin
from 1916-18; Professor of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa
State College and State Entomologist of Iowa, 1918-21; with
leave of absence to serve as Assistant Secretary of Agriculture,
June 12, 1920 to October 1, 1921. He-also served as Director
of Scientific Work 1921-5. He was in charge of celery insect
investigations for the Florida State Plant Board, 1925-8; and
Dean of Agriculture and Director of the Experiment Station,
University of Arizona, 1928-31; after which he acted as Research
Professor of Zoology and Entomology. During all of these
years he was an ardent collector and discoverer of many new
species of insects especially in the Homoptera. While in the
Department of Agriculture one of his prominent contributions
was a stubborn fight for a higher standard of training for scien-
tific men. This included not only training but remuneration
as well, and he is credited with organizing the Graduate School

pp PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944

in the Department and serving as its director until 1925. He
was also instrumental in the fight for establishing a Bureau of
Home Economics and organized the Bureau of Agricultural
Economics.

Dr. Ball was a tireless worker. He put in a great deal of
overtime both before and after hours and on holidays and
excused days. A considerable portion of this overtime work
was given over to taxonomic work on leafhoppers. He main-
tained his collection in the corner behind his desk and whenever
he had any time, even for short periods, he would work on it.
Following his early interest in the sugar beet leafhopper and
the curlytop diseases, he became very much interested in all
manifestations of plant injuries caused by leafhoppers.

While in Washington he kept certain trees and shrubs under
observation and made regular trips to examine them in working
out not only the progress of leafhopper injuries, but the biologies
of the insects themselves. He was essentially an ‘“‘outdoor”
entomologist and with ecological leanings. He tried to find
explanations for the things he observed in nature. In 1906 he
was the first to associate the beet leafhopper with the curly top
disease of sugar beets in the West. He also, in 1918, was the
first to discover that the potato leafhopper is responsible for
causing tipburn or hopperburn of potato.

The Society was honored by his membership and the import-
ant contributions he has made to entomological science and in a
wider sense to agricultural science in general.

HERBERT Osporn, J. E. Grar, anp F. W. Poos.

MINUTES OF THE 540TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NOVEMBER 4, 1943

The 540th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
November 4, 1943, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Harned
presided and 42 members and 19 visitors attended. ‘The minutes of the previous
meeting were approved as read.

By a unanimous ballot the following men were elected to membership in the
Society:

Sr. Gabriel Olalquiaga, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio de
Agricultura, Santiago, Chile.

Dr. Lyman S. Henderson, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Beltsville, Md,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, JAN., 1944 23

Sr. Ratil Cortés, Entomologist, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio
de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile.

President Harned appointed the following as members of the Nominating Com-
mittee: J. A. Hyslop, S. B. Fracker, C. F. W. Muesebeck.

The President announced that he had asked three members to prepare an
obituary notice of M. W. Blackman. The members are F. C. Craighead, L. L.
Buchanan and H. H. Stage. He further announced that an obituary notice of
E. D. Ball will be prepared by Herbert Osborn, J. E. Graf and F. W. Poos.

G. J. Haeussler exhibited a simple but effective trap which is being used. by
the Pear Psylla Control Project of the Bureau in scouting for infestations of
pear psylla in the pear-growing areas of the Pacific Northwest. The trap con-
sists of a 5 by 9 inch board painted yellow on both sides and covered with a
sticky material. The board is hung in a tree and examined at intervals up to a
month or more. It is not known if the psyllas are attracted to the board or
merely get caught in the adhesive. In some respects these traps are more
effective than visual scouting and are a good supplement thereto.

J. C. Bridwell exhibited specimens of the first species of bruchid described from
Chile.

The species was described in 1833 by Gyllenhal as Bruchus leguminaris. The
specimens which Mr. Bridwell exhibited were among material sent for identifi-
cation, and were reared from a species of Cassia.

L. J. Bottimer exhibited specimens of one of the cowpea bruchids, Calloso-
bruchus chinensis (L.), together with the seeds of the broad bean, Vicia faba,
from which they were reared. ‘The specimens had been received from Lt. S. C.
Billings from somewhere in China. ‘This is apparently a new host record for
this insect.

The first paper on the regular program, entitled Present Day Entomology in
Chile, was presented by Sr. Ratil Cortés, Entomologist, Departamento de
Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago, Chile.

Sr. Cortés’ paper will appear in full in an early number of the Proceedings 1
and therefore no abstract was prepared.

The second paper on the program, The Program of the American Association
of Economic Entomologists and The Entomological Society of America, to be
given jointly at Columbus, Ohio, December 7-9, 1943, was presented by W. H.
White and C. F. W. Muesebeck, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

An outline was given of the main subjects to be discussed at the Columbus
Meetings.

M. P. Jones made a few remarks on the program of the meeting of the Eastern
Branch of the American Association of Economic Entomologists which was
held November 18-19, 1943, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

The third paper, entitled Some Examples of Control Projects in which the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine is cooperating, was presented by
W. L. Popham, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Popham exhibited a map upon which were indicated the areas in which
cooperative control projects are being carried on. Some of these projects are
concerned with the control of insects which themselves cause the principal

Vol. 45; 226, 1943,

24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 1, DEC., 1944

damage, such as the gypsy moth, Japanese beetle, white-fringed beetle, etc.
Others are directed against plant diseases and the insect vectors thereof, such
as Dutch elm disease and peach mosaic.

The most economical way to protect a particular crop from a specific insect of
plant disease is to prevent the introduction of the pest into the area or areas
where the crop is grown. When a destructive pest penetrates our quarantine
lines the immediate object of measures taken against it may be eradication, or
it may be control to provide time for gathering information on the pest; or it
may be to delay the spread of the pest while developing an economically sound
method of producing crops in its presence. In most cases there is little hope of
eradicating pests indigenous to this country, or those of foreign origin that have
been permitted to become firmly established over extensive areas. The best
that can be done is to limit the amount of damage they cause.

Experiences of the past twenty years have taught many lessons regarding
large-scale control programs. One of the most obvious is the need for closely
coordinated effort on the part of all agencies directly or indirectly concerned
with the problem. To conduct a control program with an acceptable degree of
effectiveness may require the coordinated efforts of law makers and law enforcers,
research entomologists, plant pathologists, geneticists, cultural specialists,
chemists and extension workers. To operate effectively, leaders in control
work must acquaint themselves with cultural practices that are generally fol-
lowed in the infested area in order that they may intelligently determine the
practical limitations within which these practices may be varied as an aid to
control. Systematic surveys to determine the limitations of infested areas are
essential. The most vulnerable point in the life cycle of the insect or disease
must be determined. A sympathetic understanding on the part of property
owners must be developed, and the measures recommended for combating pests
must be developed, and the measures recommended for combating pests must be
economically sound and otherwise practical. Frequently this taxes the ingenuity
of everyone concerned with the problem.

Mr. Popham exhibited a series of lantern slides of machinery used in control
of insects. The series began with the early, hand-operated sprayers and showed
the development of more and more modern equipment, to the use of airplanes
in the application of insecticides.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: E. J. Hambleton,
Major P. J. Kopp, Miss H. I. Gibbon, Mr. W. B. Hull, C. F. Rainwater, Dr.
Y. P. Sun, W. H. Mitchell and Sgt. Millspaugh.

Adjournment at 9:55 Pp. M. W. H. AnpErRson,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, fanuary 28, 1944,

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘fA Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,’’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

Romnon-members and: institutions+. . oss: sis tus non ce $3.00
Houmembers Of the Pociety say. ks sk cS oe goes see $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval
and adult structures,

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. 0. b. Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D.C.

HULL, KF M.—THREE NEW SPECIES OF ‘SYRPHID- ‘FLIES IN THE Le
SuSeuM OF > NATURAL HISTORY aia tidies seek

RUSSELL, LOUISE M.—A TAXONOMIC. ‘STUDY OF ‘THE GENUS ALEUROGLAN
so DULUS BONDAR (HOMOPTERA : ALEYRODIDAE) .

conrrvany: MAULSBY WILLETT BLACKMAN Ree es

OBITUARY: ELMER DAVID BALL .

VOL. 46 February, 1944 No. 2

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON —— ...j\/,

‘ a)?
Ss National ©

ee ee 90

PusiisHoep Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1944.

Honorary: Presidente ane os cat te eg ttn ae . ... .L. O. Howarp
PUERAENE Notre a sia, Sw hstott wists Uist cinlule ote Bem ke, hee cag S . P. N. Annanp
Pigst VitesP resident: coset ae ee Aaa Ss a) a eee eae F. W. Poos
Second Vice-President 5 a eg ESE es Sa eater eae aa C. A. WEIGEL
Recoriing Secretary. e302 ins tie roa isan ee i ae Re aes Ina L. Hawes
Corres ponding SCenelary cc oa ate ow eh ene oa a Rae F. M. Wap.ey
TREGSUPER So on are eagles, wh ayes Ba oe eee . . . .G. J. Haeusster
FEDORA ag aon Rank aarti ors Aan STONE

Executive Committee. .. . ..H. E. Ewine, E. N. Cory, R. W. Harnep
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H, Ciark

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

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PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

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VOL. 46 FEBRUARY, 1944 None

EPHRAIM PORTER FELT
1868-1943

In the death of Dr. Ephraim Porter Felt on December 14,
1943, our society lost a distinguished member. Death, due to
a heart ailment, came suddenly while Dr. Felt was in his office
at Stamford, Connecticut. He had returned to Stamford only
a few days before from Columbus, Ohio, where he had attended
the annual meetings of the American Association of Economic
Entomologists. He had been very active in the affairs of that
organization and he remarked at Columbus that since 1898 he
had missed only two of the annual meetings. Unfortunately
for the Entomological Society of Washington he was rarely in
the city on meeting dates and therefore did not participate
actively in the business of our society; but he was a member for
more than forty years, having been elected in 1899.

Born in Salem, Massachusetts January 7, 1868, Dr. Felt
graduated from the Massachusetts Agricultural College in 1891
with the bachelor of science degree. He was employed in 1891
as assistant to the late Professor C. H. Fernald to make obser-
vations and conduct experiments on the gypsy moth for the
Massachusetts Board of Agriculture. In 1892-93 he held a
fellowship at Cornell University, and in 1894 he was awarded
the doctorate of science by that institution. During the two
school years of 1893-95 he taught in the science department of
Clinton Liberal Institute, Fort Plain, New York; and in Sep-
tember 1895 he was named assistant to Dr. J. A. Lintner, then
State Entomologist of New York. He was appointed State
Entomologist in 1898, upon Dr. Lintner’s death, and continued
in that position until 1928 when he retired. Directly after his
retirement, however, he became chief entomologist and director
of the Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, with headquarters
in Stamford Connecticut. This post he retained up to the time
of his death.

Dr. Felt’s long and active career was one of varied ento-
mological interests. His publications dealt with many different
fields but conspicuously emphasized two, the control of insects
affecting ornamental, shade and forest trees, and the classifica-
tion of the gall midges comprising the family Itonididae, often
called the Cecidomyiidae. In both fields he published volumi-
nously. In addition to numerous short papers on the insects

HAD
pts! "4g

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

of ornamental and forest trees and shrubs he produced certain
larger reference works, notably a manual in two volumes en-
titled “Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees,” which
was issued as Memoir 8 of the New York State Museum in
1905 and 1906, and a ‘“‘Manual of Tree and Shrub Insects” in
1924. The latter work was later revised and enlarged and in
1932 the revision was published jointly with Dr. W. H. Rankin
under the title ‘Insects and Diseases of Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs.” His taxonomic work on the Itonididae began in 1902
and the results of his studies are given in a long series of pub-
lished papers, more than 160 in number. He worked so ener-
getically on the classification of this family, dealing with both
the insects themselves and the galls they produce, that the
group has for a generation remained almost exclusively his, so
far as the North American fauna is concerned. For the past
forty years he has been the American authority on the gall
midges. He described a very great number of new genera and
species, and these descriptions, in considerable part, are scat-
tered through numerous short papers; but included among his
works on this family of Diptera are certain large and important
contributions to our knowledge of the basic classification of the
group. Of greatest significance is the series of eight papers
entitled ““A Study of Gall Midges” published between 1913 and
1925 in the reports of the Entomologist of the State of New
York. They total 1094 pages and are illustrated with 464 text
figures and 76 plates of halftones. ‘They contain keys to the
subfamilies, genera and species, give descriptions or redescrip-
tions of the numerous forms treated and record observations on
habits. In short, they represent one of the most comprehensive
systematic treatments ever to be published on the Nearctic
fauna of any single major family of insects. As already indi-
cated Dr. Felt’s studies on the classification of the adults of the
Itonididae were supplemented by a vast amount of work on the
galls these insects produce. Fortunately, his exceptional knowl-
edge of the galls also has been largely preserved for others
through his publication in 1918 of a ““Key to American Insect
Galls” (N. Y. State Museum Bull. 200) and the revision of this
work which appeared in 1940 under the title “Plant Galls and
Gall Makers”? (Comstock Publishing Co.). These publications,
like those on the adults of the Itonididae, are exceedingly well
illustrated, and their usefulness is further increased by the
inclusion of galls formed by other insects than the Itonididae.
It is then these two widely different entomological activities
that stand out in any consideration of Dr. Felt’s scientific
achievements; and both the applied entomologists and the
systematists are warranted in claiming him as one of their
number.

While producing so great a volume of scientific contributions

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 29

and performing certain administrative tasks few would have
found time for anything more. Dr. Felt, however, also carried
a heavy load of editorial work over a long period, practically all
of this being done at home in the evening. From 1898 to 1911
he was entomological editor of the Country Gentleman. This
was a comparatively simple assignment; but in 1908 he assumed
a much more difficult and time-consuming responsibility. It
was in that year that the American Association of Economic
Entomologists began publication of the Journal of Economic
Entomology and he was elected editor. In that capacity he
served the Association twenty-eight years, until 1936, when the
arduous duties of the office were taken over by a younger
member and Dr. Felt was named honorary editor. As editor
of the Journal of Economic Entomology he cooperated with
the Federal Bureau of Entomology and later with the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine in editing the Index to the
Literature of Economic Entomology which was published by
the American Association of Economic Entomologists, the
volumes appearing at four- or five-year intervals between 1917
and 1942. Few entomologists have lived more active lives or
have participated in so wide a range of entomological fields.

Besides being a member of the Entomological Society of
Washington and of the American Association of Economic
Entomologists, he was a fellow and emeritus life member of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, a fellow
of the Entomological Society of America, and a member of the
New York Entomological Society. He’ was president of the
American Association of Economic Entomologists i 1902 and
vice-president of the Entomological Society of America in 1916.
A further honor was conferred on him in 1901 when, at the
Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, he was awarded a gold
medal and three silver medals for his scientific contributions.

Dr. Felt’s private life was likewise very full. In some way
he found time for active participation in civic affairs, being for
a number of years a member of the Board of Education and of
the Public Library Committee of Nassau, New York where he
lived many years. For a time he was a deacon of the Dutch
Reformed Church of Nassau and superintendent of the Sunday
School. His evenings, however, were mostly spent at home, for
he did not care particularly for outside social activities, and as
already indicated, they were to a large extent devoted to edi-
torial work; but he always found time to read to and to play
with his children when they were young, and in later life he and
Mrs. Felt became much interested in chess. She died in 1939
but Dr. Felt is survived by two brothers and a sister, three
daughters, one son, and thirteen grandchildren.

C, F. W. MuEseEBEck anp C. W. Co.uins

30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

ANTS OF THE GENUS CARDIOCONDYLA EMERY IN THE
UNITED STATES

By Marion R. Situ

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture

This article attempts to present all facts known to the author
concerning the taxonomy, biology, and distribution of the four
species of Cardiocondyla that have been recorded from the
United States. Although these species have been found only
in Florida, it is reasonable to expect that representatives of the
genus will be collected eventually in some of the other subtropi-
cal areas in the country, since its members are known to occur
over most of the warmer regions of the earth. Often it is
extremely difficult to ascertain whether the species in a given
region are native or introduced. Certainly the small size of
the ants and their colonies, as well as their habit of nesting
within plants or other exportable material, would afford them
an excellent means of becoming widely disseminated by com-
merce. Emery (1909, Deut. Ent. Ztschr. p. 27) states that
although emery: Forel was described from specimens taken in
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, he believes it was probably intro-
duced there from an original home in Asia. Wheeler (1932,
N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 40: 7) also remarks that two of the species
occurring in Florida (nuda var. minutior Forel and wroughtoni
var. bimaculata Wheeler) were probably introduced. He did
not venture an opinion on the remaining species.

Although the biology of our species is little known, emeryz,
at least, has been observed to nest in the soil and within cavities
of plants and, like the variety brmaculata, has been found visiting
honeydew-excreting insects and feeding on the flesh of small
arthropods.

One of the most interesting facts about these ants is the occur-
rence of ergatoid, or wingless, workerlike males in some of our
species and the strong probability that they are produced by all
of them. Only the ergatoid male is known for the species
wroughtoni, and this is so peculiar in appearance that when
Forel (1890, Ann. Soc. Ent. de Belg. 34: 110) described it he
proposed the new generic name Emeryra for it. Recently the
author has seen an ergatoid male among some specimens of
wroughtoni var. hawatiensis Forel from Hawaii; hence, it may be
expected that this type of male likewise occurs in the variety
bimaculata. For many years emeryt was known to possess
only a normal male, but recently Borgmeier (1937, Rev. de Ent.
7: 132) has shown that this species also has an ergatoid male.
So perplexing have been the females, males, and ergatoid males
of Cardiocondyla that so illustrious a formicologist as Emery

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 Sill

(1909, ibidem) erroneously described an apterous, ergatoid
individual as the female of emeryiz, the specimen having been
received with some emery1 workers from St. Thomas, Virgin
Islands. Later (1917, Soc. Ent. de France Bull. p. 96), realizing
his error, he erected the genus Xenometra for this female, which
he assumed to be parasitic. Such instances clearly indicate
the need for more diligent study in the genus.

This article has been based largely on specimens in the United
States National Museum, the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
and the personal collection of Dr. Wm. M. Mann. In addition,
various friends have contributed specimens and notes. Unless
otherwise stated the generic and specific descriptions as well as
the keys are those of the author and apply only to the species
in the United States. Only selected references are given.
Figures of the worker cast of each species are included as an aid
to recognition.

Cardiocondyla Emery

Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869, Accad. degli Aspiranti, Naples Ann. 2: 21.

Emeryia Forel, 1890, Soc. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 34: 110.

Leptothorax Mayr (part), 1866, Sitz. ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 53: 508.

Monomorium Santschi (part), 1912, Soc. Ent. de Belg. Ann. 56: 163.
Genotype, Cardiocondyla elegans Emery (monobasic).

Worker—Monomorphic. Length 1.6-2.5mm. Head subrectangular, longer
than broad, with straight or faintly emarginate posterior border, rounded pos-
terior corners, and feebly convex, almost subparallel sides. Antenna 12-seg-
mented; funiculus with a 3-segmented club, the last segment of which is often
several times as long as the preceding segment; funicular segments 3 through 5
as broad as or broader than long. Eye prominent, placed less than its greatest
diameter from base of mandible. Frontal carinae short, scarcely divergent
posteriorly. Frontal area small, indistinct, or lacking. Clypeus projecting
above mandibles, middle of anterior border subtruncate. Prothorax usually
with pronounced humeri. Promesonotal suture obsolescent or absent. Mesoe-
pinotal constriction sometimes absent but more often weakly to rather strongly
developed. Epinotum usually with a pair of short or moderately long, rather
blunt spines (spines sometimes even tuberculate). Petiole distinctly peduncu-
late. Post-petiole very noticeably broader than petiole, much broader than
long, with rounded sides and rather subparallel anterior and posterior borders.
First segment comprising most of gaster. Body reticulate-punctate, the head
often subopaque. Body with closely appressed, grayish pubescence. Erect
hairs almost absent except for a few on mandibles, clypeus, and posterior part of
gaster. Habitus of a Leptothorax.

Female—Length 2.25-3 mm. Larger than worker. Ocelli present but small.
Thorax of the usual female structure. Mesonotum projecting prominently into
the pronotum. Anterior wing with small stigma and an incomplete or poorly
defined cubital cell. Radial and discoidal cells lacking. Body usually more
coarsely sculptured than that of worker; otherwise, oe for the normal female
structures, very similar to worker.

Oo PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

Ergatoid male (a).—Length 1.7 mm. Antenna 1l-segmented (12-segmented
in the worker) one of the segments being lost through a more or less imperfect
fusion of 2 segments. Mandible very long and narrow, without masticatory
border, rather strongly curved in the apical half and tapering into an acute point.
No ocelli. Anterior border of clypeus with a very strong emargination, on each
side of which there is a pronounced angle or tooth. Eye somewhat similar to
that of worker. Thorax wingless, with a slight resemblance to that of worker.
Pronotum with very strong humeral angles. Mesonotum with a prominent,
transverse gibbosity which is extended on each side as a distinct protuberance.
Epinotum with a pair of short spines or tubercles. Postpetiole of a shape some-
what similar to that of the worker but more subrectangular.

Occurs occasionally in emery and will very probably be
found in wroughtont var. bimaculata.

Ergatoid male (b).—Apterous and workerlike. Mandible with 4 or 5 teeth.
No ocelli. Antenna 12-segmented, shorter and thicker than in worker. Eye
not so large as in normal male. Pronotum with more pronounced humeri than

in worker. (Adapted from Forel, 1904, Rev. Suisse Zool. 21: 7.)

An ergatoid male answering to this general description will
very probably be found in nuda var. minutior, and there is also
reasonable likelihood that it may be found in venustula since
both these forms are closely related to nuda, a species which
has an ergatoid male of this type.

Male.—2 mm. Antenna 13-segmented. Ocelli small. Eye prominent,
placed close to base of mandible. Mandible of same general shape as in worker.
Thorax of the usual male conformation but lacking Mayrian furrows. Anterior
wing with a small stigma, and an incomplete or poorly defined cubital cell.
Radial and discoidal cells lacking. Petiole and postpetiole with a striking
similarity to that of worker. Genital appendages small.

Key To SPECIES

(For identification of workers)

1. Petiolar node, from above, very distinctly longer than broad, com-
pressed. (Prothorax with well defined humeral angles. Promeso-
notum compressed. Epinotal spines short, stout, approximately
half as long as their interapical space. Last segment of antennal
club more than 3 times the length of the preceding segment. Color
usually yellowish red to dark reddish with brown or black gaster,
light appendages, and the antennal club distinctly infuscated:)

(Platets. figs 103 jc Se ees fh. cee omnes emeryt Forel
Petiolar node, from above, not as described, more subglobular and
lacking the distinctly compressed appearance..................98008 2

2. Epinotum with a pair of extremely small, scarcely perceptible tubercles
instead of spines. Body length 2-2.25 mm. (Last segment of an-
tennal club approximately twice the length of the preceding seg-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 33

ment. Mesoepinotal constriction distinct. Prothorax with rounded

humeral angles). (Plate 5; fig. 4). 2. 0) 02 ss venustula Wheeler
Epinotum with a pair of very short to moderately long spines. Smaller
SPECIES PA Stat sith RAE EE En: Pca SS AE EL, ia PE es Ald ERs 3

3. Gaster pale brown to brown with a spotlike infuscation on each side,
which is sometimes rather indistinct. Mesoepinotal constriction
pronounced (best seen in profile). Epinotal spines moderately long
and prominent, longer than one-half their interapical space. (Plate
Seatlios Di) eens ae on aie mens Ak fins wroughtont var. bimaculata Wheeler

Gaster of a deep uniform brown or black. Mesoepinotal constriction
either absent or weakly developed. Epinotal spines very short,
scarcely one-half the length of their interapical space. (Plate 5,
:Te31'5)) aes el ots ea Tar a ae a nuda var. minutior Forel

Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel
(Plate 5, fig. 1, worker)

Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel, 1881, Mitt. Muench. Ent. Ver. 5: 5, worker; Andre,
1881, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 1: 69, pl. 3, worker, male; 1882, Spec. Hymen.
Europe 2: 328, pl. 21, figs. 9-12, 14, worker, male; Wheeler, 1905, Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Bull. 21: 89; ibidem, 24: 128, pl. 11, fig. 6; Emery, 1909, Deut.
Ent. Ztschr. p. 20, 26, fig. 7, a, b, e; Arnold, 1916, So. Afr. Mus. Ann. 14:
200, pl. 5, f. 57, worker, female, male; Emery, 1922, Gen. Insect. Fasc. 124,
pp. 124-125, pl. 2, fig. 20; Smith, 1930, Fla. Ent. 14: 4; Wheeler, 1932,
N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 40: 7; Smith, 1936, Puerto Rico Univ. Jour. Agr. 20:
835, fig. 1; Borgmeier, 1937, Rev. de Ent. 7: 129-134, ergatoid male, p. 133,
figs. 1-5.

Worker.—Length 1.6-2.1 mm. Head subrectangular, approximately one
and one-third times as long as broad, with almost straight posterior border,
rounded posterior corners, and feebly convex, subparallel sides. Scape lacking
twice its greatest width of reaching posterior border of head. Last segment of
antennal club more than 3 times the length of the preceding segment. Eye
prominent, but not strongly convex, placed less than its greatest diameter from
base of mandible. Frontal carinae short, scarcely divergent posteriorly.
Frontal area small, not well defined. Clypeus produced, prominently project-
ing above mandibles (best seen in profile); from above, the median area of the
anterior border appearing subtruncate, with the lateral section beneath each
antennal socket laminate and not concealing the antennal insertion. Mandible
with approximately 4 to 6 teeth. Thorax, from above, without promesonotal
suture but with very distinct humeral angles and mesoepinotal constriction;
promesonotum compressed. Epinotal spines short, rather stout, approximately
half as long as their interapical space. Petiolar node, from above, convex,
distinctly longer than wide, somewhat compressed. Postpetiole convex above,
about one-third broader than long, with almost straight anterior and posterior
margins, and convex sides. Legs moderately long and slender; middle and
hind tibiae without spurs. .

Head and thorax above rather finely reticulate-punctate, gaster smooth.

Body and appendages with fine, grayish, very closely appressed pubescence.

34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

Hairs almost absent from body except on clypeus, mandibles, and posterior end
of gaster.

Head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole varying from light to dark yellowish
red, gaster uniform dark brown or black, appendages light, with the antennal
club very distinctly infuscated.

Description based largely on specimens from Mayaguéz,
Puerto Rico, collected by the author.

“Female.—Length 2.5mm. Head, thorax and petiole brown, abdomen black,
legs, antennae and mandibles yellow, the club of the flagellum infuscated. Head
very similar to that of worker, but a triffe wider. Eyes rather small, very
little larger than in the worker. Ocelli small, inconspicuous and sunk a little
below the surface. Pronotum widely exposed at the anterior lateral angles,
which are rounded; the median portion of the pronotum is occluded by the
mesonotum, which extends far forward in the middle. The mesonotum is
convex in front, very feebly convex or nearly flat transversely in its posterior
half. The scutellum is rathér flat, very slightly raised above the level of the
metanotum. Dorsum of the epinotum wider than long, widest at the base,
sloping downwards posteriorly; the epinotal teeth are longer than in the worker.
Abdomen similar to that of the worker but larger. Wings hyaline, the nervures
hardly distinguishable. Puncturation as in the worker. The pubescence of
the abdomen longer and more abundant than in the worker.” (Arnold, 1916,
So. Afr. Mus. Ann. 14: 201-202.)

The following description by Borgmeier (1937, Rev. de Ent.
7: 132) is based upon one specimen found with 6 workers in a
small acacia gall at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 15, 1935:

“Eyrgatoid male—Length 1.7 mm. Head without mandibles slightly longer
than wide (55 : 50), narrower anteriorly, posterior angles broadly rounded, pos-
terior border straight. [yes relatively small, slightly convex, situated in the
anterior third of the sides of the head. Mandible very long, linear, without
apical border, tapering toward the apex and pointed, straight in the basal half,
curved in the apical half. Clypeus emarginate in front, with 2 carinae which
enclose a deep and wide furrow; this furrow prolonged into the frontal area up
to the middle of the front. Frontal carinae short, divergent posteriorly. An-
tenna 1l-segmented, the 5th funicular segment with a small incision on both
antennae. The first funicular segment elongate, claviform, as long as the
combined length of the 3 succeeding segments; terminal segment clavate,
slightly longer than the combined length of the 6 preceding segments. Scape
more or less exceeding three-fourths the length of the head. Pronotum with
sharp humeral angles. Promesonotal suture faintly indicated, strongly convex
anteriorly. Mesonotum slightly longer than wide (4:3), with a transverse
gibbosity which forms on each side a triangular protuberance. Meso-epinotal
suture represented by a deep furrow. Base of epinotum longer than wide, and
also longer than the declivity; slightly convex anteriorly, posteriorly with 2
obtuse teeth. Pedicel as in worker. Petiole pedunculate, node small, elongate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 5

2.C. WROUGHTONI we
var. BIMACULATA

4.C.VENUSTULA

Workers of the United States Species of Cardiocondyla Emery.

Fig. 1, emeryi Forel; Fig. 2, wroughtoni var. bimaculata Wheeler;
Fig. 3, nuda var. minutior Forel; Fig. 4, venustula Wheeler.
(Illustrations by Arthur D. Cushman)

[35]

36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

oval, in profile slightly convex. Postpetiole much wider than petiole, with
straight anterior border (in wroughtoni the anterior border is concave), the
lateral borders slightly convex. Gaster oval, truncate in front.

“Mandibles and head glossy, with sparse, finely pointed hairs. ‘Thorax
moderately dull, punctate-reticulate. Pedicel and gaster shiny, with fine,
sparse punctures. Head, mandibles, pedicel, gaster and legs with a yellowish
pubescence, prostrate and relatively long. Thorax naked. No erect pilosity.
Color pale, testaceous-yellow. Gaster fuscous-yellow.”

Male.—Length 2 mm. Head approximately one and two-tenths times as
long as broad, with rounded posterior border, and sides strongly convergent
above eyes. Ocelli small, situated on a very slight protuberance. Eye promi-
nent, rather strongly convex, placed close to base of mandible. Antenna 13-
segmented, all segments longer than wide; scape approximately as long as the
combined lengths of the first 5 or 6 funicular segments. Clypeus not projecting
above base of mandibles so prominently as with worker, and also with less well
developed lateral laminae. Mandible with 4 or 5 teeth, the 2 apical teeth rather
prominent. Prothoracic humeri distinct. Parapsidal sutures but no Mayrian
furrows. Middle of anterior border of mesoscutum somewhat angularly pro-
jecting into the prothorax. Pronotum, from above, not concealed by meso-
scutum. Epinotal spines about as in worker. Legs moderately long and
slender. Anterior wing pale, with small but distinct stigma, and a single cubital
cell. No discoidal or radial cells. Petiole, postpetiole, and gaster similar to
those of worker. Genital appendages small, usually not exposed. Sculpture,
pilosity, and pubescence like those of worker. Color differing from that of
worker mainly in that the head is somewhat darker, and that the funiculus, with
the exception of the first segment is infuscated.

The above description is drawn from a specimen from Havana,
Cuba, collected by ‘Baker’ and deposited in the collection of
the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Arnold (1916, ibidem,
p. 202) states, “scape about as long as the first 8 joints of the
flagellum.”’ This is not true for the Cuban specimen or for a
specimen from Makapun, Hawaii, collected by O. H. Swezey.
In these ants the scape is approximately as long as the combined
length of the first 5 or 6 funicular segments.

The worker of emeryi can be readily recognized by its very
characteristic petiole, the short, stout epinotal spines, com-
pressed promesonotum, prominent humeral angles, distinct but
not strongly pronounced mesoepinotal constriction, and color.
Both color and sculpture are variable, however.

This seems to be one of the best known and most widely dis-
tributed species of the genus. The ant no doubt owes a great
deal of its distribution to commerce. Wheeler (1908, Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 24: 128), writing of the presence of emery
in Puerto Rico, remarked, ‘“‘the colonies of this ant are small.
and occur in sandy places, especially in river or creek bottoms
and on sea beaches.”” The author has found that although
such situations are commonly inhabited by emery: in Puerto

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 Bi,

Rico, nests are also constructed in clay soil. The nest entrances
are very small and therefore are easily overlooked. Borgmeier
(1937, ibidem, p. 131) has also found colonies nesting in cane
culms, andin Solanum. He thinks that the species is indigenous
to Brazil. As previously mentioned, emeryi has both a normal
and an ergatoid male of the (a) type, the former being much
more common.

Type locality—St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

Other localities—Florida: Coral Gables (R. E. Gregg) in
weedy field, Miami (collection of American Museum of Natural
History), and dry marsh on Tamiami Trail, 10 miles south of
Miami (R. E. Gregg); Bahamas; western Mexico; West Indies;
Island of Madeira; Belgian Congo; South Africa; Madagascar;
Palestine; Syria; East Indies; Formosa; Guam; Polynesia;
Tahiti; Territory of Hawaii.

Cardiocondyla venustula Wheeler
(Plate 5, fig. 5, worker)

Cardiocondyla venustula Wheeler, 1908, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 24: 128-130,
pl. 11, fig. 5, worker, female; Wheeler and Mann, 1914, Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bull. 23: 19, female; Smith, 1936, Puerto Rico Univ. Jour. Agr. 20:
836, fig. 2, worker; Wolcott, 1936, ibidem 20: 543, fig. 5; Wheeler, 1936,
Harvard Univ. Mus. Compar. Zool. Bull. 80: 199, worker.

Cardiocondyla nuda var. minutior Smith, not Forel, 1933, Fla. Ent. 17: 25.

Worker—Length 2-2.25 mm. Head subrectangular, approximately one and
one-fourth times as long as broad, with rounded posterior corners, very weakly
emarginate posterior border, and weakly convex, subparallel sides. Antennal
scape lacking a space almost equivalent to its greatest width of reaching the
posterior border of the head; last segment of club approximately twice the
length of the preceding segment, funicular segments 3, 4, and 5 broader than
long. Eye prominent, moderately convex, placed slightly less than its greatest
diameter from base of mandible. Frontal carinae short, scarcely divergent
behind. Frontal area small, triangular. Clypeus about as described for emery.
Mandible with 5 or 6 teeth, the 2 apical teeth rather prominent. Thorax, from
above, larger, stouter, and more convex than that of emeryi. Prothorax with
rounded humeri. Mesoepinotal constriction rather prominent, best seen in
profile. Epinotum with a pair of very small, scarcely perceptible tubercles,
base of epinotum at least one and one-half times as long as the declivity. Petiolar
node, from above, subglobular, about twice as wide as long, tapering off rather
rapidly into the peduncle. Postpetiole transversely elliptical, about one and
one-fourth times as broad as long. Legs moderately long and slender.

Mandibles rather smooth and shining although bearing a few scattered punc-
tures. Clypeus longitudinally rugulose. Head reticulate-punctate. Meso-
and metapleura densely punctured, thorax above more finely sculptured. Head
subopaque; thorax, petiole, and postpetiole somewhat more glabrous.

Pubescence fine, closely appressed, grayish in some lights. Hair as in emery.

Head and gaster usually a deep brown, approaching black; thorax, petiole,

38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

and postpetiole somewhat lighter. Legs and scape usually even lighter, anten-
nal funiculi infuscated.

Redescribed by author from cotype specimens.

“Female.—Length 2.75-3 mm. Resembling the worker. Thorax narrower
than the head, more than twice as long as broad, somewhat flattened above.
Epinotal teeth stronger than those of the worker but of the same shape. Petiole
and postpetiole of the same shape and proportions.

“Head, thorax and postpetiole opaque above; petiole slightly more shining;
all of these parts uniformly reticulate-rugose; the mesonotum behind with more
longitudinal rugae; epinotal declivity smooth and shining.

‘“‘Pubescence as in the worker. Wings minutely hairy, with long marginal
fringe on the posterior pair.

“Head, thorax, and nodes of petiole uniformly dark brown; gaster black,
except the bases of segments 2-4, which are yellowish. Mandibles, legs and
antennae of the same color as in the worker. Wings white with colorless veins
and stigma.” (Wheeler, 1908, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 24: 129).

Male.—Unknown. Will very probably be an ergatoid male of the (b) type.

The worker of venustula can be distinguished by its large size,
subglobular petiolar node, small tubercles on the epinotum,
rounded humeri, prominent longitudinal rugulae of the clypeus,
and color.

Wheeler (1908, ibidem, p. 130) states, “C. venustula is not
uncommon in sandy and ‘gravelly places, “especially on the sea
beaches where it lives in small colonies, comprising a single
dealated queen and a few dozen workers, in shallow nests like
those of some species of Leptothorax.” Wheeler collected
winged females at Coama Springs, Puerto Rico, on March 23
while they were issuing from a nest in a gravelly creek bottom.
H. L. Dozier collected workers on several occasions from dry
cow dung in very arid pastures at Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Type localities—Culebra Island; Coama Springs, Puerto
Rico.

Other localities —Florida: Hollywood (D. E. Read); Haiti:
Jacmel (W. M. Mann); Mona Island (Lutz); Puerto Rico:
Ponce and Guyama (H. L. Dozier), Mayaguéz (M. R. Smith).

Cardiocondyla nuda var. minutior Forel
(Plate 5, fig. 3, worker)

Cardiocondyla nuda var. minutior Forel, 1899, Fauna Hawaiiensis 1: 120, worker;
Wheeler, 1932, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 40: 7; Phillips, 1934, Hawaii Univ.
Expt. Sta. Pineapple Prod. Coop. Assn. Ltd. Bull. 15: 21-22.

Worker.—Length 1.5-1.7 mm.. Head subrectangular, approximately one
and one-fourth times as long as broad, with apparently straight posterior border,
rounded posterior corners, and feebly convex, subparallel sides. Antennal
scape lacking approximately twice its greatest width of reaching posterior

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 39

border of head; funicular segments 3 through 7 broader than long, last funicular
segment approximately 3 times length of preceding segment. Eye prominent,
moderately convex, placed approximately one-half its greatest diameter from
base of mandible. Frontal carinae short, subparallel, scarcely divergent pos-
teriorly. Frontal area triangular, very small, but distinct. Clypeus some-
what similar to that of venustula. Mandible with 2 prominent apical and 3 or
4 smaller basal teeth. Prothorax with distinct subangular humeri. Prome-
sonotal suture missing. Mesoepinotal impression absent or very weakly devel-
oped. Epinotal spines short, scarcely longer than one-half their interapical
space. Petiole, from above, subglobular. Postpetiole approximately one and
one-third times as broad as long, with almost straight anterior and posterior
borders and very convex sides. Base of gaster meeting sides in very slightly
perceptible-angles; first segment occupying most of gaster.

Mandible more or less shining in spite of the scattered, piligerous punctures.
Clypeus longitudinally rugulose. Head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole reticu-
late-punctate. Punctures on side of thorax dense. Gaster smooth and shining.

Pubescence fine, grayish, closely appressed, in some lights appearing rather
dense on head and gaster. A few erect hairs on mandibles, clypeus, and pos-
terior section of gaster.

Head usually dark brown but apparently never so dark as the gaster, which
varies from a very dark brown to black. Thorax, petiole, postpetiole, legs, and
antennae lighter. Antennal funiculus usually infuscated, especially in the
region of the club.

Description based largely on workers from Pensacola, Fla.,

collected by R. M. Lhamon and F. F. Bibby.

Female.—Length 2.25-2.5 mm. Similar to worker except for its larger size,
more angular humeri, slightly broader postpetiole (one and one-half times its
length), much darker and more nearly uniform color of body, more apparent
pubescence, and more coarsely sculptured body, especially the thorax. There
are also unusually small ocelli on the head.

Description drawn from two females collected at Kunia,
Island of Oahu, Territory of Hawaii, by Kiyoshi Ito.

Male.—Unknown. Will very probably be of the ergatoid (4) type.

The worker of this small species can be distinguished by its
more or less subglobular petiolar node, absent or very weakly
developed mesoepinotal impression, short epinotal spines, sub-
angular humeri, and color, in which the head is usually dark
brown, the gaster even darker, and the appendages and remain-
der of the body lighter than either.

Phillips (1934, ibidem) says that the colonies of this species
are very small; one found in grassland contained only 20 or 30
individuals. He states that Williams has observed nests in
compost heaps. At Pensacola, Fla., workers were collected
from holly but no statement was made as to their nesting site.

40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

Type localities.—Honolulu and Molokai, Territory of Hawaii.

Other localities —Florida: Weedy field, Coral Gables (R. E.
Gregg), road in mangrove swamp, Coconut Grove (R. E. Gregg),
dry marsh on Tamiami Trail, 10 miles from Miami (R. E.
Gregg), roadside, Palma Vista Hammock, Homestead (R. E.
Gregg), Miami (A. E. Wight), Perrine and Sebring (D. E.
Read), Pensacola (R. M. Lhamon and F. F. Bibby); Midway
Island; Necker Island; French Frigate Shoal; Easter Island;
New Britain Island; Flint Island.

Cardiocondyla wroughtoni var. bimaculata Wheeler
(Plate 5, fig. 2, worker)

Cardiocondyla wroughtont var. bimaculata Wheeler, 1929, Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e
Agr. R. Scuola Super. Agr. Portici 24: 43-44, worker, female; Wheeler, 1932,
N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 40: 7; Smith, 1933, Fla. Ent. 17: 24.

Worker.—Length 1.75-2 mm. Head subrectangular, approximately one and
one-fourth times as long as broad, with rounded posterior corners, straight pos-
terior border, and feebly convex sides. Scape lacking slightly more than its
greatest width of reaching posterior border of head. Last segment of antennal
club approximately 3 times the length of the preceding segment; funicular seg-
ments 3 through 7 as broad as or broader than long. Eye prominent, moder-
ately convex, situated slightly less than its greatest diameter from base of
mandible. Frontal carinae short, slightly divergent posteriorly. Clypeus
produced above mandibles (best seen in profile); median area of anterior border
with a weak emargination or impression, lateral sections laminate, not conceal-
ing antennal insertions. Frontal area small, not clearly defined. Mandible
with about 5 teeth, the 2 apical teeth rather prominent. Prothoracic humeri
well defined, subangular. Promesonotal suture absent. A slight constriction
often visible on each side of thorax in promesothoracic region. Mesoepinotal
constriction pronounced (best seen in profile). Epinotal spines stout, moder-
ately long, longer than one-half their interapical space. Petiole, from above,
subglobular, about one-sixth to one-eighth broader than long, not so long in
proportion to breadth or laterally compressed as with emeryi. Postpetiole
about one-fourth broader than long, with distinctly concave anterior border,
more nearly straight posterior border, and convex sides. Legs moderately long
and slender. First gastric segment occupying most of gaster.

Head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole reticulate-punctate, at least the first
two subopaque. Gaster smooth and shining.

Pubescence grayish, fine, short, closely appressed on body and appendages.

Body almost devoid of hair except on anterior border of clypeus, mandibles, '
venter, and posterior section of gaster.

Color of body varying from a pale brown or yellowish brown to a moderate
light brown; appendages usually lighter, with antennal funiculi infuscated and
darker than scapes. First segment of gaster with a distinct infuscated spot
on each side and sometimes a variable amount of lighter infuscation between

them.

Description based on specimens from Bradenton (G. D.

Reynolds) and Paradise Key (W. M. Wheeler), Fla.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 4]

Female.—Length 2.5 mm. Larger and stouter than worker but similar except
for the following: Very small ocelli. ‘Thorax of the usual female type but rather
subrectangular. Mesonotum prominently projecting into pronotum. Anterior
wing pale, with small stigma and an incomplete or poorly defined cubital cell.
Most of first gastric segment so deeply infuscated that the lateral spots are
either poorly defined or are absent.

Described from specimens taken at Bradenton, Fla. (G. D.
Reynolds).

Male.—Undescribed. Will very probably prove to be an ergatoid of the (a)
type, such as is known for wroughtont Forel, and also for its variety hawatiensis

Forel.

The worker of bimaculata can be readily distinguished by its
color, spots on the gaster, pronounced mesoepinotal constric-
tion, somewhat subglobular petiolar node, moderately long
and rather stout epinotal spines, and the last segment of the
antennal club, which is approximately 3 times the length of the
preceding segment.

The author has not been able to examine cotypes of the variety
hawatiensis or of bimaculata, but if the specimens from the
Wheeler collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
are typical of both varieties, it would seem that the variety
bimaculata is scarcely distinct from hawatiensis and that eventu-
ally the name bimaculata may have to be relegated to synonymy.

Wheeler (1932, ibidem) remarked that two colonies of bimacu-
lata were collected from the hollow culms of sedges at Royal
Palm Park, Fla. He also stated that this ant, which was
probably introduced from the Orient in living plants, ‘‘closely
resembles the var. hawatiensis Forel, except that the two spots
on the sides of the first gastric segment of the worker are large
and dark brown. Sometimes there is a third smaller and paler
brown spot in the middorsal line.” G. D. Reynolds who col-
lected specimens at Bradenton, Fla., had the following to say
concerning it, in a letter: “I found C. wroughtont var. bimaculata
nesting in flowerpots at the base of plants, and at the base of
concrete footings; I also have seen them present under decaying
fruits of peppers and tomatoes. Whether these ants were nest-
ing or feeding there I cannot be sure. This species attends
aphids, root and aerial forms. * * * The ants were found
feeding on dead or dying insects. They were attracted to
sugar-honey syrup (1—1-3).”

Type locality —Karashisho, Formosa (F. Silvestri).

Other localities —F lorida: Royal Palm Park and Paradise Key
(W. M. Wheeler), Winter Garden and Port Ogden (D. E. Read),
Bradenton (G. D. Reynolds), and Archbold Biological Station
10 miles south of Lake Placid (T. C. Schneirla).

42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

A NEW SPECIES OF AEDES FROM FLORIDA '!
(Diptera: Culicidae)

Wooprow W. Mipptekaurr, Captain, Sanitary Corps

Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory
Fort McPherson, Atlanta, Georgia

In a routine collection of mosquitoes from Kissimmee, Florida,
sent to this laboratory for identification there appeared a speci-
men of Aedes which was recognized as a unique. At first it was
thought to be an exotic and the fact that it was taken at an
Army airport seemed to substantiate this belief. ‘The specimen
was sent to Dr. Alan Stone of the United States National
Museum who kindly examined the specimen and suggested we
make an intensive search for additional specimens. A second
female, collected by John A. Mulrennan, arrived at the museum
several days later and was forwarded to the author by Dr.
Stone. This female was taken at MacDill Field, approximately
80 miles southwest of Kissimmee. Subsequently, there came
into the possession of the author a third female from Pinecastle
which is only a few miles northwest of Kissimmee, and on
November 1, 1943, a male specimen was taken in a light trap
at Camp Murphy which is about 125 miles southeast of Kissim-
mee on the Atlantic coast.

This species is at least locally distributed over a wide area of
central and southern Florida and appears to be a late summer
and fall species.

It gives the author pleasure to name this species in honor of a
friend and former professor, Dr. Robert Matheson of Cornell

University.

Aedes (Ochlerotatus) mathesoni, n. sp.

Female.—Vertex of head with a rather broad triangular patch of white,
recumbent, lanceolate scales which extend posteriorly over the occiput, and
bordered anteriorly by a small patch of black, lanceolate scales. Postgenae
clothed with broad, appressed, yellowish-white scales, and a few scattered dark
ones. Many slender, erect, slightly forked, black scales on occiput. Tori
fuscus, shading to black on anterior surface a few small black scales on inner
surface. Palpi short, black, with purplish iridescence. Proboscis rather long,
slender, black, with faint purplish iridescence. Clypeus brownish-black, nude-
Mesonotum with a narrow, median line of curved, very small, golden brown
scales, bordered by small black scales which laterally become somewhat coarser.
An elongate patch of yellowish-white scales on the anterior angles of the mesono-

—+-

‘The author wishes to thank Major Stanley J. Carpenter, Sn. C., for his
helpful suggestions, and for their assistance, the following members of the
entomology department of the Fourth Service Command Medical Laboratory:
Miss Leonore Peeples, SP-3; Miss Jeanne Pryor, SP-3; and Corporal John
Wanamaker.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 43

tum and a somewhat similar patch, laterally on middle of mesonotum. <A few
yellowish-white, lanceolate scales laterally on mesonotum just above the origin
of the wing. Ante-scutellar space with a few yellowish-white, lanceolate scales.
Bulb of halteres covered with dark purplish scales. Prosternum with mostly
purplish-iridescent scales. Sternopleuron, upper mesepimeron and a line on
lower post-spiracular plate bordering sternopleuron with scattered patches of
broad, white scales. Wing scales purplish black. Legs purplish black. Scales
on coxae, trochanters, base of anterior femur, a line on inner surface of anterior
femur, which widens over entire inner surface of basal two-thirds of mid- and
hind femora, and a small knee spot at each femoro-tibial joint, white. A
narrow white ring more conspicuous on outer surface, on base and apex of
metatarsi and base of second tarsal segments; in addition the hind tarsus with
apex of second and base of third segments similarly ringed. Abdomen uniform
purplish black, without markings dorsally, laterally with small triangular basal
segmental white spots, which extend over basal third of ventral segments.

Claosper

Apical Lobe

Side Piece

Basal Lobe

Oe
‘

L _ Claspette

ae Sternite X

"---\y--Mesosome

Lobe of Tergite 1X

Fig. 1—Male genitalia of 4edes (Ochlerotatus) mathesoni,m. sp.

44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

Male.—Similar to female except in the following detail: Postgenae with wider
band of broad yellowish-white scales. Mesonotal vestiture rather badly rubbed
but appears essentially the same as in the female. Fore- and mid-legs dark at
base of metatarsi; hind legs dark beyond base of second tarsal segment; whitish
scales confined to small patch on outside of leg. Abdomen uniform purplish
black without markings dorsally, laterally with conspicuous basal segmental
white triangles. Venter with purplish-black scales. ‘

Male genitalia.—(Fig. 1) Clasper long, swollen in middle, with short terminal
spine. Side-piece stout, rounded at tip; apical setae one-fourth length of clasper;
apical lobe large, rounded, bearing dense, rather long, blade-shaped setae from
distinct tubercles; basal lobe large, truncate with many fine setae arising from
small tubercles; no spine present. Claspette with straight, narrow stem, two
small hairs near apex; the filament narrow linear about one-half length of
claspette. ‘Tenth sternite narrow, thickened at apex, with rounded, adjacent
tips. Ninth tergites small, rounded, each with four evenly arranged apical
spines.

Holotype-—Female, Kissimmee, Florida, September 17, 1943.
Caught in light trap.

Allotype-—Male, Camp Murphy, Florida, November 1, 1943.
(Light trap.)

Paratypes—Female, MacDill Field, Tampa, Florida, Sep-
tember 18, 1943. (Light trap.) Collected by John A. Mulren-
nan. Female, Pinecastle, Florida, October 23, 1943. (Resting
station.)

Holotype, allotype and one paratype in the collection of the
United States National Museum. One paratype (Pinecastle)
in the collection of the author.

This species is most closely related to Aedes canadensis
(Theob.), but that species lacks the nearly black scales of the
mesonotum and the white areas on the legs are more extensive.
The male genitalia of canadensis differ only slightly, the spines
of the ninth tergites being less regularly placed and more
abundant, and the tenth sternites being somewhat curved and
acutely apically.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 45

TWO SPECIES OF XYLOTA FROM SOUTHERN ASIA
(Diptera: Syrphidae)

By F. M. Hutt, University of Mississippi

This paper describes two new species of Xy/ota from among
miscellaneous material from the British Museum of Natural
History.

Xylota fo, new species

Characterized by the metallic black abdomen, the apex of the last segment
reddish, and the absence of golden pilose vittae upon the mesonotum. Related
to spinipes Curran, the first four femora are not yellowish-brown.

Male.—Length 12 mm.; width of thorax 3 mm.; length of wing9mm. Head:
The vertex and upper part of the occiput are bare and shining steel-blue; the
blue color is very prominent and slightly purplish behind the ocelli; there is
similar color on the anterior part of the vertical triangle. The eyes touch for a
distance longer than the front or at least as long as the front. The front is
flattened; together with the face and cheeks it is densely covered with pale
yellowish-white or yellowish-grey pubescence. The front and the upper part
of the face have a few quite short whitish hairs. Antennae with first and second
joints dark blackish-brown, the third joints missing. The face in profile is very
short and distinctly concave below the middle. The cheeks are almost absent
or at least very short. The eyes are bare, the lower three-fourths of the occiput
white pubescent and white pilose. Thorax: The mesonotum and scutellum are
shining brassy-black, not very pronounced. There is a whitish pollinose
spot at the inner anterior corners of each humerus, and there are no thoracic
stripes. The margin of the scutellum is somewhat thin with a double, shallow
groove along the margin; its shape is roughly sub-trapezoidal. The pile of the
thorax is short, erect and pale brownish-yellow; there is similar pile on the disc
of the scutellum and longer, pale yellowish to whitish pile on the pteropleuron
and mesopleuron. There are a few, long, pale hairs on the margin of the scu-
tellum. ‘The squamae are white with pale yellow border and fringe. Abdomen:
Slender and narrowest at the end of the long second segment; it is strongly metal-
lic brassy on the whole of the first segment; and on the sides of the second seg-
ment but more extensively in the middle of the sides of the second segment; it is
also brassy on the sides, but less extensively, of the third segment and on the
whole of the fourth segment except for an extensive area on the base of this
segment. The posterior margin of the fourth segment is light, reddish-yellow
and much constricted, that is, with a preapical bulge to the dorsal part of this
segment. The remainder of the abdomen, in the center of the second and third
segments, is dully shining black. The pile everwhere, except on the blackish
areas, is pale yellowish and largely erect; on the black areas it is short, appressed
and black. Legs: All of the femora are shining black with a slight metallic
cast; their pile is wholly pale whitish to yellow. The hind femora each have a
strong, double row of long, stiff spines that reach quite as far as the tibial width.
The hind trochanter has a strong and sharply pointed, long, posteriorly directed
spine. ‘The anterior four tibiae are wholly pale yellow except for a small, ven-
tral, brown, diffuse spot in the middle of each. The hind tibiae are similarly

46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

colored, the brown beginning just before the middle and continuing over the
whole of the lateral sides of the apical portion of each tibia, but not upon the
dorsal edge. The first three joints of the fore and mid-tarsi are wholly pale
yellow; the first three joints of the hind tarsi light brown, the last two joints of
all of the tarsi black and blackish pilose. Elsewhere the tibiae and the tarsi
are wholly pale yellowish or whitish pilose. The hind femora are considerably
thickened along the middle three-fifths; hind tibiae somewhat flattened and
arcuate, and ending without spur. Wings: Pale brownish, nearly hyaline; the
stigmal cell is pale brownish-yellow, the spurious vein is well developed.

Holotype: A male, Southeast China, Yunnan, San-Nen-Kai.;
purch. E. Le Moult. B. M. 1933-189.

Xylota stylata, new species

Related to pendleburyi Curran, the scutellar and pleural pile is golden, not
white, the antennae are blackish, and the posterior femoral mid tuft of pile is
reddish.

Male.—Length 13 mm.; wing 9.5 mm. Head: The vertical triangle is shining
steel-blue. The eyes touch for a shorter distance than the length of the front;
the upper anterior facets are enlarged. ‘The front, except just before the anten-
nae, and the entire face, is covered with dense, white pubescence; along the
edges of the front there are a few very short hairs. ‘The face is concave about
the middle and projects further outward than in fo. The antennae are blackish;
the third segment is one and a half times as long as wide and is broadly rounded
apically and flattened. ‘The arista is brown, quite long and slender. The eyes
are bare. The vertex is extremely flat and level with the eyes; it is slightly
convex in fo. Thorax: deep, brownish, to brassy-golden in color, becoming
more greenish on the rugose, subtrapezoidal scutellum and steel-bluish over the
whole of the humeri. The pile of the thorax is composed of a pair of very
prominent, brilliant, golden, thick, forward-appressed, golden pilose stripes.
These stripes are widest anteriorly at the extreme anterior edge of the thorax
where the stripes are rather widely separated, and decrease quite uniformly to
a narrow point at the base of the scutellum. At the same time these two stripes
very slightly diverge so that they end-at each basal corner of the scutellum.
Lying parallel to the inner side of these stripes and beginning at the scutellum
there are a pair of similar, golden, posteriorly appressed, pilose stripes that are
widest posteriorly, diminish anteriorly, slightly converge anteriorly, and rapidly
converging just before the sutures so that they join one another approximately
at the sutures and continue as a much narrower single stripe the remaining dis-
tance to the anterior margin of the thorax. ‘There is an additional pair of golden
pilose bands along the margin of the posterior calli to just beyond the root of
the wings, that do not reach the suture. ‘They are directed downward and are
ventrally appressed. The pleura have a vertical band of pile, golden above,
whitish below. ‘The scutellum has short, yellowish pile and a very few, barely
longer hairs on the margin and a conspicuous, ventral fringe of numerous, brassy
hairs along the ventral margin. ‘The squamae are white with pale brownish

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 47

margin and fringe. Abdomen: Barely narrower at the end of the long second
segment, which is longer than the third segment. The first segment is shining
metallic, the second and third more or less shining, the fourth wholly metallic
or brassy except for a narrow, basal area. There are a pair of very diffuse,
reddish-brown, elongate spots on the second segment and a similarly colored
pair of roundish spots on the basal half of the third segment; each pair is sepa-
rated by dark reddish-brown color. The extreme base of the second segment,
its apex and the apical half of the third segment, more narrowly on the sides, is
almost blackish. The pile of the abdomen is quite long on the sides of the first
three segments; everywhere the pile is pale brassy, except in the middle upon the
apex of the second segment, upon the apical half and middle of the third seg-
ment and upon the basal middle portion of the fourth segment. Legs: Femora
wholly shining, metallic black, slightly greenish or brassy. The pile of the
femora is everywhere pale whitish, becoming a long, thick tuft laterally upon
each hind femur just past the middle; just in the middle of the hind femur
laterally, near the dorsal edge, there is a tuft of matted, stiff, long, reddish-
brown hair. The hind femora are thickened, especially just before the middle,
and each has a double row of stout, black, tubercle-set spines on the apical ven-
tral two-fifths. ‘There are eight spines in all upon the outside. The anterior
tibiae and tarsi are wholly pale yellow, the last joint brown; the mid-tibiae are
pale dorsally and basally on the basal third, but are brown throughout the
entire length and on the remainder of the lateral and ventral surface. There is
a tuft of yellowish hair dorsally on the apex of each tibia. The hind tarsi are
brown. The hind femora have a strong, basal, lateral, nearly ventral groove.
The hind trochanters each have a long stout spine. The anterior tibiae on the
posterior lateral surface or outer lateral surface, together with the mid-tibiae
and fore and mid basi-tarsi have a similar, lateral, long fringe of whitish pile, but
this fringe is yellowish on the mid-tibiae. Wings: Pale brownish; the stigmal
cell rather deep brown.

Female: With a broad transverse band of silvery-white pile situated some
distance below the ocelli. The front is widely bare and shining above the
antennae. The tibiae lack the conspicuous clothing of pile as do also the hind
femora. The hind femur laterally has a double row of spines, only five in all,
on the outside. The trochanters lack the stout spine; the arrangement of the
bands on the thorax are about the same. The scutellum is less flattened. The
same, obscure, light reddish spots are present on the abdomen.

Holotype: A male. Java (Soekaboemi, IV. 1926, purch. E.
Le Moult, B. M. 1933=189.)

Allotype: A female, and one paratype female, with the same
data.

48 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

BOOK REVIEW

A Revision of Nearctic Dorilaidae (Pipunculidae): D. Elmo Hardy,
University of Kansas Science Bulletin, v. 29, pt. 1, n. 1, 231 pp., 18
plates (109 figures), 1943.

At last we have what seems to be an adequate treatment of
the taxonomy of this economically important family of Diptera.
Based on field as well as laboratory studies, it represents a
serious attempt to bring the taxonomy of the Nearctic species
up to date.

The first page and a half are devoted to an abstract of the
paper. The author then follows a brief introduction with a
section on taxonomy, in which he discusses briefly the phylogeny
of the group and his reasons for accepting the Meigen 1800 name
Dorilas in place of the familiar Pipunculus of Latreille, 1802.
The section that follows, on morphology and terminology, is
well written and should make clear the meanings of terms used
in the text. ‘The author is to be commended for refraining from
introducing new and needless morphological terms in places
where familiar ones will suffice. In the section on economic
importance he gives a brief general description of immature
stages. ‘The section on collecting and methods of study includes
a discussion of habitat studies, methods of mounting, preparing
genitalia, and repairing the easily-lost heads of specimens, and
methods of dissecting leafhoppers in searching for the parasitic
dorilaid larvae. <A brief account of the known fossil species is
given.

The key to genera includes all those known in the world, four-
teen in all, one of which is divided into two subgenera. The
generic concept is a fairly conservative one; yet the genus Dorilas
is used in a much more restricted sense than that of Pipunculus
of previous American authors. Descriptions are given for all
genera, even those not occurring in the Nearctic region, although
for the latter they are brief; and keys to all Nearctic species are
given. One hundred seventeen species, subspecies, and varieties
are discussed, twenty-seven of which are new to science. The
descriptions seem adequate, and include male genitalia; most
species are illustrated, each figure as a rule showing several
structures. Distribution is given by states in the case of the
more common species, and by detailed locality records in the
others.

The work should be easy to use. The keys seem well con-
structed, and the meanings are frequently further clarified by
references to the illustrations. Each exit in the key is accom-
panied by a page reference to the genus or species which keys
to that point, and an index serves as a further aid in locating
names, both valid and synonymous. Descriptions are com-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 49

plete in themselves and do not require reference to others,
except in the case of subspecies and varieties. The species
are arranged in alphabetic order under the genus; this, however,
may be somewhat confusing in the case of Dorilas, where the
two subgenera are treated together. ‘The genera stand approxi-
mately in a phylogenetic order, although, according to the sub-
family indications in the key, some are misplaced. The order
and general arrangement fo the paper might have been some-
what improved.

A critical student will find fault with some details of the work.
For instance, the non-existent word “‘harpagone”’ is used repeat-
edly for ‘“‘harpago”’ as the singular of ‘“‘harpagones”’. His state-
ment concerning the determination of the type of Dorilas by
Becker to the effect that ‘‘there is no possibility for a misidenti-
fication on his part”’ (page 7) seems rather naive; we have never
heard of an infallible taxonomist! Moreover, we are at a loss
to understand how ‘“‘the color of the humeri, although not a
specific character in itself,” can be “useful in setting off groups
of species.” (Page 11.) However, in view of the excellence of
- the work in general, such criticism seems rather petty.

Maurice T. James.

REPORT OF CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, DEC. 4, 1942 TO
NOV. 1, 1943

Little change has occurred in general conditions from last year. Service to
our one remaining subscriber on the continent of Europe has been suspended.
The American Library Association has purchased a number of volumes for
restoration of foreign libraries, and other literature sales have been better than
last year. Memoir No. 2 is off to a good start.

Letters written, 50; many matters. were attended to by informal notations or
statements.

Proceedings acquired, 806; sold, 625; net addition to stock, 181. Old reprints
sold, 6.

Memoirs sold: No. 1, 5; No. 2, 59 (six copies also given to reviewers).

Receipts from sale of literature: Proceedings and reprints, $304.03; Memoirs,
$158.30.

Membership changes of record: Elected 7 (8 meetings), resigned 3, died 2;
net gain 2.

Subscription changes: Gain 6, loss 1; net gain 5.

Respectfully submitted,
F. M. Waptey,
Corresponding Secretary.

50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1943
GENERAL FUND

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EXPENDITURES
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To Southern & Standard Engravers, for engravings for the Proceed-
ings (No. 9 of Vol. 44 and Nos. 1-9 of Vol. 45).............-.. 211.18
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For stampsiiccsaciteeencicine ee on Sear eee aoe oa ote sae tees 42.70
Shipping charges, parcel post........--+-.-. sees esses eee eee eee 3.04

For clerical help (December 1942 to December 1943, inclusive)... .. 91.00

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 51

For rental and tax on safe deposit box at City Bank............. 4.20
To The Monumental Printing Co., for 300 copies of Memoir No. 2.. 485.00
i Binders stamp... 40-0. - 6.75

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PUBLICATION FUND

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Totalaimischwarzidonationatunde anne. errr $1,379.26

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General publication fund, in savings account with:

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Respectfully submitted,
G. J. Harusster, Treasurer.
The Committee on Audit has examined the financial accounts of the Treasurer
and found them to be correct for the year 1943.
Respectfully submitted, January 5, 1944.
W. B. Woop,
F. W. Poos,
Auditing Committee.

52 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

MINUTES OF THE 541ST REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 2, 1943

The 541st regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., December 2,
1943, in Room 43 of the National Museum. There were 27 members and 14
guests present. President Harned called the meeting to order and the minutes
of the previous meeting were read and approved.

New members were elected as follows:

John H. Fales, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md.
William A. Baker, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing -

ton: C:

Willard W. Yates, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Portland,

Oregon.

Lt. Harry D. Pratt, U. S. Public Health Service, Puerto Rico.

The report of G. J. Haeussler as Treasurer was read. President Harned
appointed as auditors W. B. Wood and F. W. Poos.

Dr. F. W. Wadley’s report as Corresponding Secretary was read ant approved.

President Harned mentioned a letter which he had received from Dr. L. O.
Howard. It was agreed that the letter should be included in the minutes.

45 Pondfield Road West
Bronxville, N. Y.

Nov. 26th, 1943

Dear Mr. Harnep:

I congratulate both you & the society on your position as President. My
daughter Lucy & I are very comfortable here in a nice apartment & expect to
spend the winter, going to our house in Onteora Club near Tannersville, N. Y.
for the summer. I am fairly well & spend most of my time thinking over past
days. Iam in good health for a man of 86 & I have all my Washington books &
pictures & furniture here. Our New York friends call on us & I expect sooner
or later to see an entomologist or so. I shall be only too glad to hear from any
of the old Washingtonians & I send you all my best wishes.

Sincerely yours
L. O. Howarp

The following names presented by the Nominating Committee were unani-
mously approved as officers for the coming year:

Rresidentace car eerste ae ORE on eo ee P. N. Annand

Hirst. Vice=-Presidentactscemi ocisacimestecdees F. W. Poos
SecondeVice-President=eenemn eer reeeerr cence C. A. Weigel
Recording pecketanvwae eee oe eee ein Ina L. Hawes
Corresponding Secretanyge-jsi0. eters = faces iejoiaie ie) F. M. Wadley
Preasurer: 5 %..0/s.sh/s0 eee eee A ee en ae G. J. Haeussler
Poditow.ivs ts P: tow m vate deers epee Sees Apso ai Alan Stone
Hxecutive Committcenscn seein tices: R. W. Harned, H. E.

Ewing, E. N. Cory.
Representative to the Washington Academy of
SCIENCES ie ca he tcen a eee ok Austin H. Clark

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944 53

Mr. Rohwer spoke in appreciation of the effective service given to the Society
by the retiring Recording Secretary and a vote of thanks was unanimously
accorded to Dr. W. H. Anderson.

Dr. F. C. Bishopp reported on the 37th annual meeting of the Southern
Medical Society held in Cincinnati, Nov. 16th—-18th. The papers presented at
the joint sessions with the American Society of Tropical Medicine and the
National Malaria Society were of especial interest. Dr. Bishopp mentioned
the paper by Dr. W. A. Sawyer on “Introduction of Tropical Diseases into the
United States after the War,” which he felt took too optimistic a view of the
problem, and the paper by Dr. Lewis A. Hackett, now located in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, on “The South American Scene.” This latter paper was an excel-
lent summary of the work on malaria, oroya fever, plague, and yellow fever in
that region. Another outstanding feature of the program was the Joint Sym-
posium on Malaria, during which 9 papers were given with reference to malarial
problems in this country. In the last paper Dr. J. W. Mountin of the U. S.
Public Health Service presented a plan for the eradication of malaria from the
United States.

Capt. G. E. Davis of the U. S. Army presented the first paper on the regular
program: Ticks in Relation to Relapsing Fever.

The argasid genus, Ornithodoros, contains the species involved in the trans-
mission of relapsing fever. In the United States the first cases of proved
endemic origin were reported from Bear Creek Canyon, Colorado: by Meador
in 1915 and by Warring in 1918. Dr. Briggs reported the disease from Polaris,
California in 1922, and Cornick from West Texas in 1927. A tick vector was
first recognized during the severe Texas outbreak of 1930. Small mammals,
especially rodents, are the usual reservoirs of infection. Ornithodoros hermsi
is reported as a vector in California, Colorado, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and
Nevada. Specimens collected from the vicinity of Lake Tahoe in 1914 and
identified as O. talaje were later reexamined by Cooley and proved to be 0.
hermsi, thus placing that species in this locality twenty years before it was
recognized as a new species. O. hermsi prefers wooded areas at relatively high
altitudes. The few cases reported at lower altitudes in California were prob-
ably due to O. parkert. Ornithodoros turicata is reported as a vector in Texas,
Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Arizona. The Arizona record is not
proved, and the species involved is probably O. hermsi. Ornithodoros parkeri
is a proven vector in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Spirochetes have been
recovered from this species in Wyoming, S. W. Montana, Nevada, and southern
Idaho, but no cases of relapsing fever reported in this connection. Ornithodoros
talaje has been found in the burrows of kangaroo rats in Arizona and spirochetes
recovered from the material, although this species has not yet been shown to
transmit relapsing fever to human beings in the United States. It is a proven
vector in Panama. Our ticks transmit relapsing fever by bite only, and not by
means of the coxal fluid as is the case with O. moubata in Africa. Ornithodoros
turicata has been crossed with O. parkeri under laboratory conditions, and evi-
dence indicates that interbreeding occurs in nature where species population
overlap, as in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The chief vectors in South
and Central America are Ornithodoros talaje, O. rudis, and O. turicata. Capt.

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 2, FEB., 1944

Davis closed his paper with a brief mention of the situation in North Africa
and in Russia.

In response to a question from Dr. Bishopp on the specificity of relapsing
fever and ticks, Capt. Davis discussed briefly the fact that in this country cer-
tain species of ticks transmit only certain strains of the disease.

(Secretary’s abstract)

Lt. W. K. Lawlor of the U. S. Navy presented the second paper on the regular
program: Some Experiences in Malaria Control in the United States Navy.

Malaria is the Number One War Disease. The differences between civilian
and military malaria control practices are marked, and it is emphasized that
successful military malaria control is effected only by using intelligently, and in
combination, all the means known to prevent the transmission of the disease to
troops. Specific instances are cited of some special problems, and the results
of their application among navy and marine corps forces ashore are given.
Malaria control is not mosquito control alone. Many other factors enter into
the control of this disease, although mosquito control ordinarily plays an im-
portant part. The need for entomologists to become trained malariologists is
emphasized. All those now on duty have as their own aim the mission of the
Medical Department of the United States Navy, “to keep as many men at as
many guns as many days as possible.”

(Abstract by W. K. Lawlor, Lieut. H-V (S) U.S. N. R.)
Comments followed by Capt. West, Dr. Bishopp, and Lt. Reed.
President Harned called for the introduction of visitors, after which the

meeting adjourned at 10:25 P. M.
Ina L. Hawes,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, March 13, 1944.

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HULL, F. M.—TWO SPECIES OF XYLOTA. FROM SOUTHERN ASIA (I
SYRFHIDAE) is PN RRS es coy a ogee Toa er

‘MIDDLEKAUFF, WOODROW. wee NEW SPECIES or AEDES "ROM
ore eae cae. Se Se ee ete as i es eC

UNITED STATES .

OBITUARY : EPHRAIM PORTER FELT . ._

BOOK “REVIEW. «2...

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 46 MARCH, 1944 No. 3

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW CYNIPIDAE INCLUDING TWO NEW
GENERA (Hymenoptera)

By Lewis H. Wetp
Collaborator, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States
Department of Agriculture.

This paper brings together some notes and descriptions which
have accumulated in the last few years. Included are: An
addition to our fauna of a representative of a subfamily pre-
viously known only from the Oriental region; a second species
of an exotic genus known only from the genotype; two new
genera of dipterous parasites; some generic transfers; descrip-
tions of associated sex and an account of the biology of a
Drosophila parasite reared in large numbers under controlled
laboratory conditions.

Subfamily MrsocynIpINAE
Mesocynips albata, new species
(Fig. 1.)

Female —Black; basal half of antenna and hind margin of tergites II, III and
IV reddish; ventral region of abdomen yellowish; pubescence pale yellow with
dense white patches on truncation of pronotum, on upper third of mesopleuron
and on sides of scutellum, also paired transverse bands on hind margins of
tergites IV, V and VI which are silvery white when seen from above. Face
punctate above with a median ridge and fan-striae about the mouth, malar
space three-fourths eye (57:76). Head from above showing two smooth anten-
nal grooves and a prominent carina below median ocellus. Antenna 13-seg-
mented, lengths of segments as (scape) 40 (width 15): 9: 23 (12): 19: 18: 17: 16:
15: 15: 15: 15: 15: 34(13). Sides of pronotum punctate, truncation broad,
margined, without median dorsal tooth. Mesoscutum with about 17 low, sharp,
continuous, transverse ridges; parapsidal grooves percurrent, no median groove.
Scutellum with 6 longitudinal ridges and 5 pits at base; disk with large shallow
punctures, rounded behind. Mesopleuron with a large smooth and bare area
both above and below the longitudinal groove. Metapleuron sculptured, pubes-
cent. Propodeum with irregular ridges on sides, the dorsal distance to neck
much shorter than the ventral, the usual dorsal carinae short and between them
two closely parallel carinae in place of a median. Wing pubescent with short
cilia on margin, membrane yellowish, with a brown cloud on first cubital cell

APR 3 ‘a4

56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

reaching to anterior margin and another beyond apex of radial cell, the most of
radial cell and the base of third cubital cell clear; radial cell 4 times as long as
broad; cubitus meeting the strongly curved basal on its upper third. Median
vein parallel with subcosta for half its length then bending sharply toward lower
end of basal. Hind wing scarcely clouded. Hind tibia with a longitudinal
carina on inner face and at apex two tong ventral spines and a dorsal rounded
tooth and short, broad spine. Hind tarsal segments as 27: 3.5: 3: 2.5: 14 (in-
cluding simple claws); other claws bifid. Abdomen longer than head plus thorax;
lengths of tergites along dorsal curvatur: as (petiole) 7 (width 14): 18: 11:12
24; 34: 16, sheaths 10, projecting ovipositor 5. All tergites bear setigerous
punctures which are larger and more numerous on posterior tergites. Petiole
sulcate. Length 9.0mm. Antenna 3.6mm. Wing 6.4 mm.

Described from one specimen labelled “Surigao, Mindanao,
Baker, Coll.”

Type—Cat. No. 56810 U. S. N. M. and parts mounted on
slide in balsam. ‘The only other described species is from
Borneo.

Paramblynotus zonatus, new species
(Fig. 2.)

Female-—Amber; with mesonotum, mesopleura and abdomen black, occiput
and hind coxae slightly infuscated. Face rugose. Malar space about half
eye (23: 47). A prominent carina from between antennae to median ocellus.
Antenna filiform, 13-segmented, lengths of segments as (scape) 23 (9.5): 6:
21 (6): 23: 21.19: 16: 16: 14: 3: 11: 11: 15 (6). Antennal furrows distinct,
cheeks margined, not broadened behind eyes, occiput punctate. Truncation of
pronotum broad, margined, without median dorsal tooth, sides with large,
shallow punctures. Mesoscutum coarsely sculptured with about nine dis-
continuous, transverse, sharp-edged ridges, parapsidal grooves broad, median
indistinct. Base of scutellum with 5 smooth pits, the middle one narrow; disk
coarsely reticulate, margined, emarginate behind where and at sides are dense
patches of white hairs. Propodeum coarsely reticulate, carinae arcuate in
profile and from rear, the area between them sculptured, the neck short, the
ventral distance to neck almost horizontal. Mesopleuron smooth with a broad
longitudinal groove and a large patch of white hairs under tegula. Metapleuron
bare above with 5 longitudinal ridges. Wing pubescent and ciliate; a broad,
transverse cloud on proximal side of basal vein, another quadrate cloud cover-
ing the entire radial cell. Radial cell 2.6 times as long as broad, cubitus reach-
ing basal on its upper third. Hind wing almost clear. Hind tibia without
carinae, a rounded tooth on outer side at apex, metatarsus not as long as 2-5
united. All claws simple. Abdomen not as long as head plus thorax; lengths
of tergites along dorsal curvature as (petiole) 13 (width 27): 40: 20: 27: 92: 8: 36;
the petiole sulcate; coarse punctures dorsally on tergites V and VI with finer
punctures below; tergite V largest in side view. Length5.1mm. Antenna 2.85
mm. Wing 3.65 mm.

Described from one specimen taken by beating on Ulmus

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 57

crassifolia at Brownsville, Texas on May 26, 1914, by Mr.
H. S. Barber.

Type.—Cat. No. 56811 U. S. N. M. Abdomen on point,
wing and antenna in balsam.

The 9 previously described species in this genus were from the
Oriental region.

Subfamily AsprcERINAE

Paraspicera bakeri Kieffer

This genus and species was founded on a male from Wisconsin
(Ent. Ztschr. Stuttgart 21:152, 1907): >What seems to be the

associated female is described below.

Female.—Black, legs and antennae red. Distinct parallel ridges below the
antennae, those above fainter. Vertex not excavated. Occiput with vertical
ridges above the transverse ones. Cheeks margined, without a prominent
angle in side view. Antennae 13-segmented, lengths of segments as (scape) 18
(11): 7: 17 (8): 13: 13: 13: 12: 11: 10: 10: 10: 10:26 (7.5). Truncation of prono-
tum with a patch of felt-like pubescence on each side below. Scutellum, in-
cluding the stout, blunt spine, slightly longer than mesoscutum, its upper
surface striate with the carina between the shallow pits continued back as a
median ridge. Propodeum with dense white pubescence between and on each

Mesocynips
albata. Wesp:-
X 20

Paramblynotus
zonatus n.Sp.
Km

58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

side of the parallel carinae and with prominent lobes below the spiracles. Wing
hyaline, surface dotted, very short cilia on anal angle, veins reddish, radial cell
twice as long as broad, cubitus reaching nearly to lower end of basal vein.
Hind metatarsus stout, its length to rest of tarsi as 38: 43, claws simple. Abdo-
men not compressed; lengths of tergites along dorsal curvature as (petiole)
6:50:63:0:6:9. Lengths of three specimens: 5.55, 3.65 and 4.0 mm. Lengths
of three males: 3.35, 3.4, and 3.7 mm.

Locality —The females are from: Ravinia, Ill., Sept. 4 (Weld);
Glen Echo, Md., June 16 (Fouts); Georgetown, D. C. (H. H.
Smith). The males are from: Medina, N. Y., July 4 (Weld);
D. C., Sept. 9 (Pergande); Rosslyn, Va., (H. H. Smith). These
are in the U.S. N. M. collection.

Subfamily Ficir1naE
PARASCHIZA, new genus

Abdomen almost sessile; petiole broader than long, mostly smooth; tergite II
not liguliform, not half as long as II-IV inclusive, with a hairy ring at base;
tergite III largest in side view. Mesoscutum smooth and shining, parapsidal
grooves percurrent. Scutellum rounded behind, with two distinct pits at base;
disk seen from behind flattened, its sides perpendicular, its large smooth sur-
face sloping posteriorly and ending in a rugose rear aspect somewhat as in T7rvs-
chiza. Wing pubescent and ciliate, folding longitudinally; radial cell open;
areolet not completely formed. Antenna of female 13-segmented, segment 3
longer than 4. Distinct from Trischiza which has a sulcate petiole, the second
tergite bare and a short abdomen. Separated from Melanips and Sarothrus by
its open radial cell.

Genotype.—Paraschiza cupressana n. sp. Monobasic.

Paraschiza cupressana, new species
(Fig. 3.)

Female—Black; flagellum, tegula, all tibiae and tarsi brownish. Head,
(except clypeus and directly back of eyes) with setigerous punctures which are
closer together on the face; from in front higher than broad (40:35), malar space
one-fourth eye, without groove; from above as broad as thorax, its length to
width as 26:35; cheeks not broadened behind eyes and not margined; ocelli
white; antennae 13-segmented, lengths as (scape) 16(5):8:10(4):7:8:9:10:10:
10:10:10:9:15(5); scape punctate; last 9 segments fluted. ‘Truncation of prono-
tum closely punctate, sides smooth with scattered punctures, a narrow patch of
dense pubescence anteriorly. Mesoscutum polished, with scattered setigerous
punctures, parapsidal grooves only slightly widened behind; median groove
extending forward one-third way; deep grooves over tegulae. Pits at base of
scutellum circular, deep, smooth; septum narrow; lateral bars sculptured.
Disk flat from the rear but convex in profile, its large, smooth, nearly circular
area rugose peripherally; in side view a large densely pubescent depression below
lateral bar. Propodeum with two straight carinae converging slightly above

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 59

and enclosing a space much longer than broad, the neck rugose. Mesopleuron
bare, polished, with a band of parallel striae across lower third. Wing clear,
veins yellowish-brown; radial cell open on margin and slightly so at base and
apex as in Trischiza, 2.25 times as long as broad; first abscissa of radius strongly
bent and prolonged into a spur, the rest of areolet not formed, the wing folding
longitudinally at lower end of spur and basal vein. Outer face of coxa almost
bare; hind tibia longer than tarsus; claws weak, simple. Petiole smooth with
short striations at base. Abdomen length to height to width as 93:50:36;
lengths of tergites along median dorsal line as (petiole) 3(7):31:27:11:7:6:15;
ring of hairs at base of tergite [I not interrupted dorsally, rest of tergites bare;
faint punctures on V and VI; hypopygium over half the length of abdomen
with scattered hairs on under side. Using the width of the head as a base the
length of mesonotum ratio is 1.5; antenna 3.0; wing 5.0; ovipositor 4.3. Range
in length of 19 specimens 2.2-3.1 mm. Average 2.6mm. Male unknown.

Type.—Cat. No. 56812 U.S. N. M. Type and 7 paratypes.
Paratypes in California Academy of Science.

Habitat—Cypress, Orange Co., California, February 22.
1930. ‘Taken from holes of Cztellus in mushrooms.” Mr,
ALC. Davis collector. Uss: DD, A} Bureauvof Ent, .& P.O;
Truck Crops #2080.

THRASORUS, new genus

Abdomen sessile, shorter than thorax in female, not compressed; petiole
smooth inconspicuous, crescent-shaped as in the gall-makers; tergite II hairy at
the base. Scutellum with 2 distinct pits; disk mostly rugose, rounded behind.
Mesoscutum smooth and shining with many fine setigerous punctures, parapsi-
dal grooves percurrent. Wing pubescent and ciliate, radial cell closed. Head
smooth, pubescent; cheeks not margined, not broadened behind eyes. Anten-
nae 13-segmented, filiform, segment 3 longer than 4. Male unknown.

The name is an anagram of Sarothrus from which it differs
by having non-margined cheeks not broadened behind the
eyes, a longitudinal groove on lower third of mesopleuron, an
inconspicuous smooth petiole, a shorter abdomen and the rela-
tively large tergite behind the second apparently made up of
II and III fused.

Genotype.—Thrasorus pilosus n.sp. Monobasic.

Thrasorus pilosus, new species

(Fig. 4.)

Female.—Head, antennae, tegulae, legs and abdomen red; thorax black.
Head and thorax covered with silky pubescence with denser patches on sides of
prothorax, under tegulae, on ventral region of meso- and metapleura and
propodeum. Head from in front broader than high; malar space one-half eye,
without groove; from above, occiput concave, cheeks not broadened behind eyes,
not margined. Antennae 13-segmented, filiform, segments as (scape) 16(5):

60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

9:16(4) :11:10:10:9:8:8:8:8:7:15(5). Sides of pronotum smooth, truncation
punctate, broadly emarginate above. Mesoscutum shining, smooth, with many
fine setigerous punctures; parapsidal grooves percurrent; faint anterior parallel
lines present; distinct grooves over tegulae and a faint median groove pos-
teriorly. Pits at base of scutellum large, smooth, distinctly separated by a
smooth septum; disk coarsely rugose except behind septum, not margined,
rounded behind. A large, smooth, bare, polished area on mesopleuron and a
longitudinal groove. Carinae on propodeum almost parallel, enclosed area as
broad as long. Wing pubescent and ciliate; radial cell closed, 2.6 times as long
as broad; areolet faintly outlined; cubitus directed toward lower end of basal
vein. Hind tibia longer than tarsus; claws weak, simple. Abdomen sessile,
shorter than thorax, length to height to width as 73:53:40; lengths of tergites
along dorsal curvature as 21:32:17:1:21; the last tergite punctate and pubes-
cent. Using the width of the head as a base the length of mesonotum ratio is
1.18; antenna 2.4; wing 3.0. Range in length of 8 specimens 2.45-2.8 mm.
Average 2.53 mm.

Type.—Cat. No. 56813 U.S. N. M. Type and 4 paratypes.
Habitat—Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, November
19; 1915, Mr: J. C.. Bridwell, Collector.

Xyalophora quinquelineata (Say), new combination
Diplole pis 5-lineata Say, 1836, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1:267.

This species has been placed at various times in Figites,
Onychia, Aspicera, Figitodes and Figitides, the last an evident
typographical error. The type is lost. The description and
early determinations of the species indicate that it should go
in Xyalophora Kieffer (1901).

In July and August 1922 the writer took large numbers of
females while they were ovipositing in cow manure in Modoc,
Plumas and Eldorado counties, at Red Bluff, Truckee and
Tahoe City, Calif.; Oregon Caves, Oreg.; Williams, Ariz.;
Santa Fe, N. M., and Trinidad, Colo. All these locations were
in the transition zone where cattle were pasturing among con-
ifers. ‘The bare, non-ciliate wings were folded back upon the
abdomen before they dove into the soft mass just as it began to
glaze over so as to reach the dipterous host larvae during the
first larval instar. From this submergence they came out
immaculate. Males were taken by sweeping the surrounding
vegetation. Range in length of females 3.05-5.25 mm. Aver-
age of 100, 4.0 mm. Males measured 2.5-4.25 mm. Average
of 40, 3.36 mm. ‘The species has also been recorded from Idaho,
Mont., Utah, Ill., Wis., Mich., N. Y., Alberta, Ontario and
Nova Scota. Carl Mohr reared it from puparia of Sarcophaga
Vherminiert R. Desv. in cow dung in Ill. and found that it
winters over in the puparia (in letter, Jan. 1933).

The genus Figitodes was proposed by Ashmead in 1887 with-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 61

out mention of a species. The first species to be described
under that name was Figitodes atricornis Ashmead (1896)
which is therefore the genotype and the fixation of Figites quin-
quelineatus Say by Ashmead in Psyche 10:11 (1903) is erroneus.
Figitodes atricornis Ashmead was placed by Dalla Torre and
Kieffer in Trischiza so that Figitodes becomes a synonym of
that genus.

Fie.4 Thrasorus prlosvs n.g.,n.spe X 5d.

=)

62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

Figites floridensis, new name

Omalas pis floridanus Ashmead, 1887 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14: 155 o.
Homalaspis floridana Ashmead, 1893 Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. II Cynipidae p. 7.
Tavaresia floridana Ashmead, 1901 Kieffer Bull. Ent. Soc. France, p. 160.

The second tergite of the type male in the U. S. N. M. is not
liguliform and the species therefore belongs in the Figitinae in
the genus Figites. As the name floridanus is preoccupied there
by Figites floridanus Ashmead 1887, the new name floridensis
is here proposed.

Besides the type the museum has four other male specimens
as follows: Jacksonville, Fla., Tifton, Ga., and Thomasville,
Alab., Apr. 20; 1910;'W. D. Pierce, Coll.; East Falls’ ChurehyaViar
June 20, On flowers of parsnip. Lengths: 2.4, 2.5, 2.8 and 2.5
mm.

What seems to be the associated female is here described.

Female.—Black, flagellum red, femora infuscated, tibiae and tarsi red. Head
broader than thorax, vertex smooth, malar space coriaceous, eyes hairy, an-
tennae 13-segmented, flagellum gradually stouter and moniliform distally, last
segment longest and stoutest. Pronotum striate on sides anteriorly; truncation
broad, margined, truncate above. Mesoscutum smooth, almost without punc-
tures, parapsidal grooves percurrent, deep grooves above tegulae. Disk of
scutellum almost smooth back of the two deep, smooth pits; reticulate and
margined behind. Mesopleuron striate in part. Wing hyaline, bare, non-cili-
ate, folding lengthwise, veins pale yellowish; radial cell closed, twice as long as
broad, cubitus obsolete, areolet represented by second intercubitus. Abdomen
not as long as head plus thorax, length to height to width as 105:65:40; lengths
of tergites along dorsal curvature as (petiole) 5(22):34:45:7:0:5:17, petiole
striate, faint striae in front of a narrow red band on tergite I]. Using width of
the head as a base the length of mesonotum ratio is 1.4, antenna 2.25, wing 3.5.
Lengths 2.1-3.1 mm. Average of seven 2.43 mm.

Habitat——Selma, Alab., Oct., Patton; Victoria, Tex., Nov. 6,
1906, J. D. Mitchell; Uvalde, Tex., Apr. 14, 1934, A: We leind=
quist (Bishopp #20, 070); Medina, N. Y., July 2; Evanston, IIl.,
June and Aug.; East Falls Church, Va., June 20, On flowers of
parsnip.

Subfamily EucominaE
CONEUCOELA Kieffer

Kieffer proposed this genus for his Coneucoela gracilicornts, a
species from Magagascar with a closed radial cell and a large cup,
described in Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrica, Wiss. Erg. 2: 534.
This elaborate work was not published until 1910. In the mean
time he had found a specimen in the Baker material from Brasil
which, in spite of its open radial cell, he called Coneucoela brasih-
ensis. A description of this was published promptly in 1909 in

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 63

Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Metz 26 : 63 and this species technically
thus becomes the genotype, being the first species to be de-
scribed under the name of Coneucoela. Unforunately the speci-
men was a male and the type does not seem to be in the Baker
collection at Pomona. As it was obviously the author’s inten-
tion to found the genus on gracilicornis it would be only courtesy
to respect his wishes, but the International Rules decree other-
wise and make another species, described from a unique male
specimen now lost, the genotype. The type of gracilicornts,
preserved in alcohol in Berlin, seemed to me to be congeneric
with the genotype of Ashmead’s genus Odonteucoila and may be
known as Odonteucoila gracilicornis (Kieffer), comb. n.

Apparently congeneric with brasiliensis Kieffer, so far as
ascertainable from the published description, is a new species
from Africa described below. Combining the characters taken
from the description of the male of brasiliensis with females
of the new species below, the genus as now understood would be
characterized as follows:

Abdomen sessile; tergite II with a distinct ring of tangled hairs at base.
Mesoscutum smooth and polished, without longitudinal carinae or parapsidal
grooves. Scutellum with two deep, smooth pits at base; the disk punctate,
tapering gradually in both dorsal and side views to a blunt point well behind
the cup and overhanging the propodeum; cup large. Wing of normal size,
richly pubescent and ciliate, the radial cell open. Head from in front higher
than broad. Antennae of female 13-segmented, with a 7-segmented club;
filiform and 15-segmented in the male, the fourth segment longest and stoutest
and slightly bent.

Coneucoela tanganyikensis, new species

Female.—Black; mandibles, tegulae, metapleura, legs and antennae red
Head from in front higher than broad, polished, smooth except for a few punc-
tures bearing hairs; malar space one-half eye, with a fine groove; median area of
face prominently bounded laterally by grooves running to clypeus; cheeks
margined; occiput concave; antennae 13-segmented, lengths of segments as
(scape) 8:4(4) :6:4:4:4(3.5):7(5):7:7:7:7:7:8. Truncation of pronotum punctate,
half as wide as head, truncate above; sides striate anteriorly. Mesoscutum
slightly wider than long, with rows of setigerous punctures in position of the
parapsidal grooves. Scutellum almost as long as mesoscutum; pits deep,
smooth, elliptical; lateral bars smooth; cup large reaching three-fourths way
back to end of scutellum, two-thirds the width of disk, bearing a round pit
behind and 2-3 punctures on each side; disk punctate, with scattered hairs,
tapering gradually behind cup to a blunt smooth point. Mesopleuron bare,
polished, with a fine longitudinal groove across lower third. Metapleuron bare.
Carinae on propodeum enclosing an elongated harp-like area which, like the
lateral areas, bears white pubescence. Wing richly pubescent and ciliate, radial
cell entirely open on margin (“open except on proximal third” in brasiliensis),

64 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

2.37 times as long as broad; cubitus and anal veins represented by faint clouds.
Hind tibia shorter than tarsi which taper distally; claws weak, simple.’ Abdo-
men shorter than head plus thorax, length to height to width as 64:47:26.
Measured along dorsal curvature the lengths of tergites are as 42:9:1:7; posterior
third of the big tergite and exposed parts of the next two bearing fine punc-
tures. Using the width of the head as a base the length of mesonotum ratio is
1.5; antenna 2.29; wing 3.89. Range in length of 6 specimens 1.55-1.9 mm.
Average 1.73 mm.

Male—Antennae filiform, 15-segmented, lengths of segments as (scape)
NEE IAPNOMO Gs 5 gee 11; the fourth segment slightly bent and stoutest; ratio
4.5 (using width of head as a base). Abdomen shorter than thorax, length to
height to width as 42:37:19. Lengths of tergites as 33:19:0:8. Three speci-
mens measured 1.55, 1.45, 1.65 mm.

Type-—Cat. No. 56814 U.S. N. M. Type female, allotype
and 3 female paratypes.

Habitat—Mubhesa, Tanganyika Territory, Africa, November
21,1935, Mr. Fred Bianchi, Collector.- © “Exdipterous puparex

Solanum sp.”

Eutrias tritoma (C. G. Thomson)

In April 1933 and Oct. and Nov. 1934, Mr. A. W. Lindquist
reared from dipterous puparia of the family Sepsidae taken
from cow dung at Uvalde, Texas, a series of cynipids (Bishopp
#20,027 and #20,066) which were determined as belonging to
the genus Eutrias and which seemed to agree with the published
description of the genotype species tritoma and also with notes
the writer made on the types of that species in 1931. Accord-
ingly a male and a female specimen were sent to Lund, Sweden,
in 1934 for direct comparison with the types and Dr. N. A.
Kemner reported substantial agreement with Thomson’s types.
In June 1940 Mr. Leith F. Hitchcock, while searching for a
dung insect to control the buffalo fly in Australia, reared speci-
mens of this species at Floydada and Johnson City, Texas. “This
adds another record of an Old World parasitic cynipid to our
American fauna. No other species has ever been proposed in
the genus.

Females measured 1.3-2.15 mm. Average of 14, 1.71 mm.
Males measured 1.0-1.95 mm. Average of 18, 1.42 mm.

DIMICROSTROPHIS Ashmead

This genus was founded on Dimicrostrophis ruficornis Ash-
mead which was déscribed as having a closed radial cell and the
pubescent girdle at the base of the abdomen nearly obsolete
and hence was made a synonym of Eucoila in the DallaTorre and
Kieffer monograph in Das Tierreich 24:164 (1910). An exami-
nation of the type in the United States National Museum shows

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 65

that the radial cell is distinctly open for about half its marginal
length and there is a distinct girdle of erect hairs at the base of
tergite II. The genus should therefore become a synonym of
Trybliographa Forster. (Synonymy new).

Pseudeucoila bochei, new species
(Eucoila of authors)

Female.—Black, legs and antennae fuscous. Head from above transverse,
not as broad as thorax, cheeks narrowed behind eyes; from in front higher than
broad; antennae 13-segmented without a distinct club, arising above middle of
eyes, lengths of segments as (scape) 17:8:18(5):15:14:13:14:16:17:17:16:16:18
(8); malar space .5 eye, witha fine groove. ‘Truncation of prothorax .4 width
of head, not emarginate above. Mesoscutum broader than long. Scutellum
with disk rugose, rounded behind and overhanging metanotum; with two
deep, smooth, elliptical pits at base; cup well-elevated, long-elliptical, not
reaching end of disk, not quite half as broad as disk, broadest in front of middle,
the posterior tapering half bearing a large round pit and depressed in profile.
This high-arched profile of the cup forms the best recognition mark of the
species. Mesopleuron bare, with a fine groove below middle. Wing pubes-
- cent and ciliate; radial cell closed, 2.4 times as long as broad; first abscissa of
radius prolonged into a spur; cubitus obsolete. Legs slender, proximal end of
hind femur and distal end of tibia stouter, hind metatarsus almost as long as
2—5 united. Propodeum with two strong, almost straight carinae, enclosed
space higher than broad. Abdomen as long as head plus thorax, longer than
high; lengths of tergites as 49:13:7. Using width of head as a base the length
of mesonotum ratio is 1.4, antenna 2.8 ,wing 4.2, ovipositor 4.0. Length 1.5-
2.05 mm. Average of 58 specimens 1.64 mm.

Male.—Differs in having 15-segmented antennae whose proximal segments
are as 24:8:41:51:46:48:49, the third almost straight, the fourth slightly bent;
all flagellar segments with rhinaria. Lengths of tergites as 33:17:5:2:3. Anten-
na ratio 5.2, wing 4.2 (using width of head as a base). Length of 32 speci-
mens 1.05-1.65 mm. Average 1.34 mm.

Types —vU. S. N. M. 56815. Type female, allotype, 10 male
and 10 female paratypes. Paratypes in American and Field
Museums, Harvard, Philadelphia Academy and California
Academy.

Host.—Drosophila melanogaster Meigen.

Biology.—In October 1941, Dr. Robert D. Boche of the Univ.
of Pennsylvania collected four female parasitic cynipids at
Perryman, Md. On Nov. 21 he sent in for determination
Drosophila larvae in a culture medium and in the vial a few liv-
ing cynipids which he said were the F! progeny of one or the
other of the above mentioned four. Adult cynipids emerged
from the parasitized larvae at intervals—males from Dec. 20 to
Jan. 6, females from Dec. 20 to Jan. 15, largest numbers of both
sexes coming out Dec. 26. ‘These are labelled Perryman, Md.

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

which might be considered the type locality. Agreeing with
these is one from North East, Pa. (R. A. Cushman) July 24,
1914 ‘“‘found in a jar of decaying fruit infested by Drosophila”
and one from Maywood, Va. (McAtee) Nov. 20, 1921.

Eucoila drosophilae Kieffer from French Guinea differs in
having the “‘radial cell twice as long as broad, segments 3-6 of
antenna of female without rhinaria and cup flat.” P. bochei
has radial cell 2.3—2.4 times as long as broad, segments 3-8
without rhinaria and the posterior third of cup is depressed.

In a letter Dr. Boche adds some details of the life history of
this Perryman material. ‘““The life cycle ranges from 3-5
weeks depending on the temperature. Adults ordinarily sur-
vive only 2—3 weeks after emergence, thus the generations do
not overlap. ‘The egg is laid in the first or second instar larva
(third instar parasitism is attempted but usually fails). One
and only one parasite develops from each host larva, although
several eggs are occasionally deposited in the same host. Un-
fertilized females (virgins isolated as pupae) produce nothing
but males which are apparently haploid. The sex ratio may
vary from all males (no fertilization) to about five females to
one male. From 36 single pair cultures in which both wae
occurred among the progeny were 3399 females and 1683 males.
The ratio 2.02 to 1 is a spurious one since it depends chiefly on
how many eggs the female fertilizes. Thus in one culture
there were 213 females and 52 males; while in another there
were 146 females and 190 males.”

In 1936 he studied the life history of a form collected by Mr.
Warren P. Spencer at Long Lake, Ohio, and after breeding it
for a couple of years lost it. He sent me two whole mounts of
this Long Lake material and they seemed to me to be the same
as the Perryman form. Moreover in Dec. 1934, Mr. Spencer
sent to Washington for determination a series of specimens,
alive and in alcohol, reared from Drosophila melanogaster. He
found it would parasitize the closely related D. simulans and
was trying it on about a dozen other species of Drosophila. A
few of these had been retained for the Museum collection and
they seem to be the same as the form he sent to Dr. Boche and
the same as the Perryman material. Although not included
in the type series this adds another host and locality record.

As far as I know no parasitic cynipid has previously been bred
in such numbers. Dr. Boche states, “I place a few cynipids
and a few Drosophila together in a culture bottle and wait. I
have grown both single pair and mass cultures in this way and
few or no parasitic insects are as easy to rear.” The culture
medium used was the usual corn meal, agar, molasses yeast
formula developed by Bridges for Drosophila (Am. Nat. 67:437
and see also Sci. n. s. 96: 282).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 67

A NEW GENUS AND TEN NEW SPECIES OF SERENTHIINES
(Hemiptera: Tingitidae)

By Cart J. Drake, Ames, Iowa

The subfamily Serenthiinae may be separated from the other
subfamilies of Tingitidae by not having the discoidal and
sutural areas defined; or the subcostal, discoidal and sutural
areas not differentiated. ‘The costal area may be obsolete, or
present and well defined. The legs are suddenly incrassate
above the base and then become slenderer near or towards the
apex. ‘The hood is absent.

This paper contains the description of a new genus from Africa
and the descriptions of 10 new species from African and Aus-
tralian regions. ‘The characters of the serenthiines are men-
tioned because certain species that have been placed in the
genera Nethersia Horvath (1925) and Epimixia Kirkaldy (1907)
fall into the subfamily Tingitinae. Teleonemia vulturna Kirkaldy
belongs to the genus Epimixia. In the new species of Nethersia,
the areas of the elytra are well defined, even in some of the
specimens determined tentatively as N. maculosa Horvath.
In most species of Epimixia, the areas of the elytra are not or
poorly defined. It should also be pointed out that the genus
Alveotingis Osborn & Drake possesses elytra in the brachypterous
form typical of the Serenthiinae rather than Tingitinae. The

_members of the genera Serenthia Spinola (1837), Ludlius Distant
(1904), Ceratnoderma Stal (1873), Coleopteroides Philippi (1863)
and Sabestena Drake (n. gen.) are typical of the Serenthiinae.
Coleopteroides brunnea Drake & Poor from Argentina should be
treated as a distinct species rather than a variety of C. lilipu-
tiana (Signoret). ‘The length of the antennae and color sepa-
rate the two species. ‘The types of the new species described
below are in my collection.

SABESTENA, new genus

Head short, only slightly produced in front of antennae, without spines; eyes
moderately large, placed close to pronotum. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly,
pitted, unicarinate, without hood; triangular process long, narrowed to a pointed
apex; collar distinct, low, finely areolate. Antenniferous tubercles short, not
prominent. Antennae moderately long, rather slender; segment I rather short,
scarcely longer or thicker than II; III longest, slenderest; IV scarcely thicker
than III, moderately long. Rostrum moderately long, the channel distinct.
Bucculae areolate, closed in front. Legs short, the femora incrassate, partic-
ularly the front pair. Elytra smooth, with costal area dilated, areolate, the
others not differentiated. Hypocostal ridge present, without distinct areolae.
Orifice present, very distinct.

Type of genus Sabestena africana, n. sp. Macropterous form

68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

unknown. Brachypterous form small, obovate, the elytra
strongly convex above. Separated from genera Ceratnoderma
Stal and Coleopteroides Philippi (=Solenostoma Signoret) by
having a distinct costal area; Serenthia Spinola and Ludllius
Distant are represented by larger and much more elongate
species.
Sabestena africana, new species
(Pl. 6).

Very small, obovate, dark fuscous, the costal area, front margin of collar and
most of triangular projection of pronotum whitish. Head black, slightly rugose,
without spines; bucculae whitish, areolate, converging in front. Rostral lami-
nae whitish, very widely separated; rostrum brownish, dark at apex, extending
to near middle of mesosternum. Antennae long, indistinctly pilose; segments I
and II black, rather short, the latter slightly slenderer, slightly brownish api-
cally and subequal to I in length; III slightly bent, mostly testaceous, nearly
twice as long as IV; IV a little thickened distally, testaceous, embrowned
towards apex. Legs short, moderately stout, brownish black, the tips of femora,
tibiae and tarsi brown; anterior femora strongly, abruptly thickened a little
beyond base, moderately narrowed apically, the small basal portion slenderest;
middle and hind pairs only moderately thickened, slightly bowed.

Pronotum moderately narrowed anteriorly, pitted, only very slightly trans-
versely raised through humeri, the median carina only faintly raised, appearing
fairly distinct on triangular process because of its brown color; calli slightly
impressed, black; collar slightly raised, areolate; paranota absent; triangular
process long, finely areolate, uniformly narrowed to apex. Elytra strongly
convex above, fitting rather closely to sides and hind end of abdomen, even
projecting a little below abdomen, fuscous-brown, finely areolate, a small rather
indistinct patch near the middle of each side, another larger and distinct area
on each side behind, a narrow inner margin and all of costal area whitish; costal
area rather narrow, uniseriate throughout, the areolae small and subhyaline.
Body beneath brownish black.

Length, 1.78 mm.; width, 1.00 mm.

Type, female, Naburu, Kenya, Africa, June, 1919.

The elytra in the short-winged form meet within in nearly
a straight line, are only slightly overlapping apically and
scarcely longer than abdomen. The carinae and nervures
separating areas of elytra are beset with fine, pale hairs.

Lullius insolens, new species

Similar to L. major Distant, but a little smaller, darker in color, wider costal
area, and larger first and second antennal segments. Pronotum slightly more
convex than in major, the median carina low, becoming indistinct posteriorly,
the hind process embrowned. Head black, without spines. Rostrum brown-
ish, extending a little beyond pro-mesosternal suture; channel deep on meso-
sternum, very shallow and wide on metasternum. Body beneath black. An-
tennae brown; segment I stouter and subequal to II in length; III becoming
slenderer distally, the apical portion broken. Elytra rounded at apex, brown,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 6

Plate 6. Sabestena africana, new species.

[ 69 }

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 ile

the areolae small, clear; costal area uniseriate, the areolae moderately large,
brown, the apical portion slenderer and turned inwards at almost right angles.
Other characters very similar to major.

Length, 3.40 mm.; width, 1.10 mm.

Type, male, Camps Bay, Cape Peninusula, Africa.
This species is larger than L. minor Distant, the pronotum
more narrowed in front and the elytra much broader behind.

Epimixia veteris, new species

Head black, with front and hind pairs of spines very short, adpressed, usually
testaceous, the median absent. Bucculae reddish brown, reticulate, closed in
front. Rostral channel narrow and deep on mesosternum, much wider and with
laminae low, parallel and open behind on metasternum; rostrum extending nearly
to the base of mesosternum. Legs very short, black, without long setae. An-
tennae moderately long, black; segment I short, stouter and a little longer
than II; III long, slender, black, somewhat shiny, two and one-half times as
long as IV, the latter only slightly thickened.

Pronotum strongly convex, pitted, shiny, tricarinate, yellowish brown to
reddish brown, the collar and triangular process becoming testaceous; median
carina much lower but distinct on disc; lateral carinae obsolete or nearly obso-
lete on disc, the lateral and median carinae testaceous in front and on triangular
process, the lateral very short in front; collar distinct, somewhat testaceous,
truncate in front. Elytra distinctly narrowed posteriorly, slightly constricted
beyond middle, grayish brown to réddish brown, somewhat shiny; costal area
pale, represented by a very narrow ridge, indistinctly areolate behind; subcostal
area broad, closely reticulated, four areolae deep; discoidal area extending to
middle of elytra, narrowed at base and apex, widest slightly beyond middle,
there five areolae deep, the outer boundary distinct but only slightly elevated;
sutural area a little more widely reticulated, sometimes broadly fuscate along
median line. Body beneath black.

Length, 3.65 mm.; width, 1.10 mm.

Type, male, Samsonvale, Queensland, Australia, Oct. 7,
1938; allotype, North Pine River, March 29,1930. Para-
types: 1 specimen, National Park, Dec., 1933, 3 specimens,
N. Pine; and 2 specimens Adelaide.

The strongly tumid disc and lateral carinae separate this
species from other members of the genus. The median space
immediately behind collar and separating the two black calli is
raised and testaceous. The testaceous paranota are almost
obsolete opposite humeral angles, slightlv wider and with indis-
tinct areolae in front.

Epimixia tenuatis, new species

Head, legs and antennae black, the elytra and pronotum variable in color
pattern, fuscous with testaceous along carinae and outer margins of discoidal
and sutural areas. Head with front and hind pairs of spines very short, tubercle-

12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3,-MAR., 1944

like, testaceous. Antennae moderately long, smooth; segment I stouter and a
little longer than II; III twice as long as IV, the latter rather long, slightly
thickened.

Pronotum moderately convex, pitted, tricarinate, largely dark fuscous;
lateral carinae slightly convex within in front, on the disc less raised but distinct;
paranota narrow, testaceous, carina-like, slightly wider in front, there with
tiny areolae; collar distinct, pale testaceous in front. Elytra distinctly narrow
posteriorly, faintly constricted beyond middle, the costal area very narrow,
testaceous, with a row of very tiny areolae.

Length, 2.95 mm.; width, 0.90 mm.

Type, male, Cedar Creek, Jan. 25, 1931; allotype, taken with
type; paratypes, 3 specimens, Meringa and Cedar Creek, Aus-
tralia.

The very narrow costal area and the stripe-like appearance of
the color pattern separate this species from other members of
the genus. In £. vittata Horvath, the pronotum is more tumid,
the costal area wider and the lateral carinae indistinct on disc
of pronotum.

Epimixia evansi, new species

Head black, with two short, black, tubercle-like hind spines, the others want-
ing. Antennae moderately long, slender, brownish black; segments I and II
short, the latter slenderer and scarcely more than one-half as long; III long,
smooth, twice as long as IV, the latter moderately long, slightly thickened
distally. Legs rather short, black, the anterior femora beneath with short,
inconspicuous setae. Rostrum brownish, black at tip, practically extending to
base of mesosternum; metasternal laminae low, blackish, widely separated.
Body beneath black, somewhat shiny.

Pronotum moderately convex, pitted, tricarinate, the calli black; collar dis-
tinct, areolate, truncate in front; paranota pale testaceous, narrow, linear,
slightly wider in front, uniseriate, the areolae small; carinae yellowish brown,
the lateral carinae less elevated on disc; triangular process areolate. Elytra
moderately narrowed posteriorly, slightly constricted before apex, brownish,
the outer margins and nervures separating areas yellowish brown; subcostal! area
moderately wide, triseriate, dark fuscous within; discoidal area large, extending
a little beyond the middle of elytra, narrowed at base and apex, widest near
middle, there five areolae deep; sutural area becoming more widely reticulated
apically; costal area not distinct.

Length 3.10 mm.; width 1.00 mm.

Type, female, and 1 paratype, Tasmania, J. W. Evans.
Another male, taken with type, seems to be this species but dif-
fers in having much longer antennae.

Nethersia poorae, new species
(Fig. 1.)
Moderately large, testaceous, beset with numerous bristly hairs. Head

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 73

with five, pale, testaceous spines; hind pair longest, adpressed; median porrect,
pointed at apex; frontal pair with tips touching, nearly porrect. Eyes reddish
brown. Rostrum brownish, darker apically, extending to base of mesosternum;
rostral channel deep, rather narrow on mesosternum, distinctly wider and
chordate on metasternum. Antennae moderately long, beset with bristly hairs,
testaceous, the apical segment with distal half black; segments I and II very
short, the latter shorter and slenderer; III slenderest, two and one-half times as
long as IV, the latter moderately swollen, Body beneath pale testaceous.
Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely pitted, sharply tricarinate, truncate in
front, the hind triangular portion pointed, reticulate, embrowned; paranota
narrow, strongly reflexed, resting on the pronotum, uniseriate behind, becom-
ing wider and biseriate in front; collar rather long, distinct, areolate, four
areolae deep; median carina more elevated, uniseriate, the areolae small;
lateral carinae more widely separated in front, sharply raised but without dis-

Fig. 1. Epimixia poorae, new species.

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

tinct areolae. Elytra with areas distinctly separated; costal area very narrow
linear, with one row of small areolae; subcostal area wider, biseriate; discoidal
area large, about three-fourths as long as elytra, narrowed at base and apex,
widest near middle, there six areolae deep; sutural area closely reticulated, the
areolae becoming a little larger distally. Legs rather short, beset with bristly
hairs, testaceous, the tarsi darker.

Type, female (figured) and allotype, male, Mt. Tambourine,
Queensland, Austr., Dec. 26, 1928, H. Hacker. One paratype
taken with type and another from Bundaberg, Queensland,
Sept. 2, 1928, R. W. Montgomery.

This insect is named in honor of the artist, Mrs. Margaret
Poor Hurd, who has written a number of illustrated papers on
Tingitidae. N. poorae, n. sp. is shorter, broader, more setose
and the carinae are higher than in setosa Hacker. The costal
area is distinct and uniseriate.

Nethersia absimilis, new species

Pronotum moderately convex, pitted, tricarinate, pale brown, the triangular
process testaceous; lateral carinae distinct, not sharply elevated, slightly convex
within in front; median carina slightly more elevated; collar distinct, areolate,
truncate in front; paranota very narrow behind, carina-like, wider and areolate
in front, there completely reflexed; triangular process areolate, finely hairy.
Head dark reddish brown, the median spine absent, the hind and front pairs of
spines short, testaceous. Eyes black. Antennae short, indistinctly hairy,
brownish; segments I and II moderately stout, the former stouter and longer;
III twice as long as IV, the latter moderately thickened. Legs short, rather
stout, brownish, with a few bristly hairs. Rostral channel very wide on meso-
and metasternum, the laminae testaceous, concave within on each sternum;
rostrum brown, black distally, extending to base of mesosternum. Elytra
narrowed posteriorly, pale testaceous, the veinlets sparsely clothed with pale,
short hairs, a transverse brown band near the middle of subcostal area and vein-
lets of sutural area slightly embrowned, the nervure separating discoidal and
subcostal areas distinct; costal area wanting; subcostal area biseriate; discoidal
area large, widest beyond middle, there four areolae deep. Body beneath
brown, clothed with short, pale hairs.

Length, 2.60 mm.; width, 1.00 mm.

Type, female, Roma, Queensland, Austr., Nov. 30, 1940.
This species is shorter and stouter and the antennae shorter
than in other members of the genus.

Nethersia nostratis, new species

Similar to N. poorae, n.sp. but easily distinguished by the much more elevated
carinae (especially median on disc), the legs, antennae and nervures without
setose hairs, and the broad, transverse band of elytra. Head brown, with five
yellowish brown spines, the median very short, tubercle-like. Rostrum ex-
tending between intermediate coxae. Legs short, brown, the tibiae yellowish

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 75

brown, with short inconspicuous setae. Antennae indistinctly hairy; segments I
and II short, stout, brown, the latter a little thinner and shorter; III testaceous,
about two and one-half times as long as IV, the latter swollen distally.

Pronotum strongly convex, coarsely pitted, all carinae finely areolate, the
median carina arched and more elevated on disc, there biseriate and blackish;
paranota completely reflexed, uniseriate opposite humeri, biseriate in front.
Elytra brownish, testaceous in front and behind the broad transverse dark
fuscous band, the band becoming broader and including most of distal half of
discoidal area, the portion of the nervures in the band separating subcostal,
discoidal and sutural areas distinctly raised and black; sutural area considerably
infuscated.

Length, 3.10 mm.; width, 1.30 mm.

Type, female and allotype, male, Cedar Creek, Queensland,
Austr., Aug. 28, 1930, H. Hacker. This is a very striking species
and not easily confused with other members of the genus.

Nethersia koebeli, new species

Moderately large, obovate, pale testaceous, without markings. Head pale
brown, the spines very short, pale testaceous. Eyes black. Antennae testace-
ous, indistinctly pilose, the terminal segment becoming fuscous apically; seg-
ment I short, slightly stouter and a little longer than II; III slender, straight,
two and a half times as long as IV, the latter fusiform. Bucculae broad, reticu-
late, testaceous, closed in front. Rostral channel deep, open behind, moder-
ately narrowed posteriorly, the laminae whitish testaceous, areolate; rostrum
long, dark fuscous, extending between intermediate coxae.

Pronotum moderately convex, coarsely pitted, tricarinate, truncate in front;
lateral carinae distinct, very low on disc, distinctly concave within in front;
median carina about equally elevated throughout, all carinae slightly more
raised on posterior triangular process. Collar distinct, biseriate. Paranota
narrow, carina-like opposite humeri, wider and uniseriately areolate in front.
Elytra widest near middle, thence narrowed posteriorly, the costal area wanting;
subcostal area mostly triseriate; discoidal area large, narrowed at base and
apex, widest opposite apex of triangular process, there five areolae deep; sutural
area slightly more widely reticulated. Legs rather short, without long, setose
hairs, yellowish brown, the tips of tarsi brown.

Length, 3.00 mm.; width, 1.05 mm.

Type, female and 3 paratypes, collected in Australia by
Koebele, in whose honor the insect is named. It differs from
N. maculosa Horvath by having broader subcostal area, distinct
lateral carinae and uniform color. WN. setosa (Hacker) is more
elongate and darker in color, the legs are distinctly setose and
the antennae are much longer. 2

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

Nethersia pugna, new species

Moderately large, stout, with prominent markings. Head brown, with four
short, slender, testaceous spines, the median wanting, the posterior pair some-
times adpressed. Eyes rather large, black. Antennae moderately long, the
tip of last segment black; segments I and II short, the latter shorter and slen-
derer; III slenderest, a little more than twice as long as IV. Bucculae reticu-
late, closed in front. Rostral channel very wide on meso-metasternum, open
behind; the rostrum extending to middle of mesosternum. Legs rather stout,
short, brown, beset with long setae.

Pronotum strongly convex, closely punctate, tricarinate; lateral carinae faintly
convex within in front, without areolae, fuscous, testaceous, each dark fuscous
on tumid area; median carina testaceous, with dark fuscous spot on disc and
another near apex, there slightly thickened, slightly more raised and indis-
tinctly areolate in front and behind; collar distinct, finely areolate, truncate in
front; pronota very narrow, carina-like, a little wider and areolate in front.
Elytra testaceous, with a broad, transverse band at middle (expanded in dis-
coidal area) and apical portion reddish brown to fuscous; subcostal area biseriate;
discoidal area large, narrowed at base and apex, widest a little beyond middle,
there six areolae deep; costal area wanting.

Length, 2.75 mm.; width, 1.05 mm.

Type, female, Roma, Queensland, Austr., Nov. 30, 1930, L.
Franzer. Two examples from National Park and 1 from Stan-
thorpe, Queensland appear to belong to this species.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM PANAMA

By M. W. Buackman ?

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture

During the last 73 years several genera of beetles have been
described which have been the subjects of considerable discus-
sion and differences of opinion regarding their relationships to
one another and to such established groups as the Scolytidae,
Platypodidae, and Cossoninae. ‘The genera in question are
Coptonotus Chapuis (1869) from Colombia, Chapuisia Dugés
(1885) from Mexico, Crantodicticus Blandford (1895) from Cey-
lon, Notoplatypus Lea (1910) from Australia, Platytarsulus
Schedl (1935) from the Malay States, and Scolytotarsus Schedl

1 Dr. Blackman died on October 12, 1943. His manuscript, describing this
genus and species, and the drawings, were completed before his death and are
published without alteration.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 77

(1937) fiom Africa. In this paper still another genus of some-
what similar and also doubtful affinities is described. This I
am naming Mecopelmus, new genus, with M. zeteki, new species,
from Panama, its genotype.

It is not my purpose to enter into a thorough discussion of this
complex of genera. To me such action in the present state of
our knowledge would seem rather futile. We dare to say only
that all these genera lie rather near the Platypodidae and the
Scolytidae, some of them showing certain similarities to the
Cossoninae. Each genus is represented by a single species,
and each of five of the six described genera is known from only
a single continent, the sixth occurring on Ceylon adjacent to
southern Asia. As would be expected, the similarities of struc-
ture among genera arising in such diverse and widely separated
areas as isolated localities in Africa, southern Asia, Australia,
and Central America are more in the nature of general resem-
blances than more detailed similarities. Or, if certain struc-
tures, such as those of the legs, do show similarities which are
usually considered significant, other structures, as the antenna
for instance, may be so radically different as to negate any idea
of a close relationship.

Even the three genera that occur in the Western Hemisphere,
in Mexico, Panama, and Colombia, appear to be no more closely
related to one another than they are individually to forms from
the Eastern Hemisphere. Indeed, the genus described herein
seems to be more closely allied to Notoplatypus Lea from Aus-
tralia and Platytarsulus Schedl from Malaysia in antennal and
tarsal structures than it is to Chapuisia Dugés or Coptonotus
Chapuis. In other respects, however, such as in the shape of
the head, the shape and positions of the eyes, the broadly sepa-
rated fore coxae, etc., there is little similarity to any of the other
genera mentioned. ‘The similarities between Mecopelmus and
certain of the Platypodidae such as Periomatus Chapuis seem
rather close if we consider only the shape of the head and the
structure of the fore tarsus, but in other respects the differences
are striking. It seems, then, rather hopeless to assign Mecopel-
mus to a definite place in the scheme of classification.

As an example of the differences of opinion regarding the dis-
posal of one of these genera of doubtful position, I might cite
the case of one of the best known. Chapuwisia was placed by its
describer, Dugés (1885), in the family Scolytidae. Blandford
(1896) divided the Platypodinae of Central America into two
groups, the Platopodides and the Chapuisiides, the latter con-
taining only the single species Chapuisia mexicana Dugées.
Strohmeyer (1914) elevated the group containing only the single
species to full family rank, under the name Chapuisiidae, coordi-
nate with the Platypodidae. Hopkins (1915) placed Chapuisia
as the single representative of the subfamily Chapuisiinae of

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

the family Platypodidae. Schedl (1939) grouped the three
genera Coptonotus, Scolytotarsus, and Chaputsia into the family
Coptonotidae, placing the last genus as the subfamily Chapuisi-
nae (sic).

With authorities on the group differing so markedly in their
conclusions as to the position of the same species in the scheme
of classification, it would seem wise to postpone the placing of
these genera until we know considerably more of their structure
and mode of life, and until further collecting has brought to
light other forms, as yet unknown, which may make clearer the
real relationships. At present, aside from avoiding the issue as
I have done, we have two alternatives, either to broaden our
conceptions of the family Scolytidae and the family Platypodi-
dae so that each will include certain of the genera of doubtful
position, as has been done by Blandford, Hopkins, and Hage-
dorn, or to create several new families and subfamilies, as pro-

posed by Sched.
MECOPELMUS, new genus

General appearance as seen from above (fig. 5) similar to that of Coptonotus
Chapuis, but much smaller. Head (figs. 3, 4) exserted, globose; eyes large,
antenna with unsegmented club and 3-segmented funicle; pronotum much wider
behind, constricted and excavated at sides; fore coxae very widely separated,
tarsi similar to those of Platypus etc.; elytra punctate striate.

Genotype, Mecopelmus xeteki, new species, described herein.

Mecopelmus zeteki, new species

Reddish brown, 1.53 mm. long, 3.14 times as long as wide; with pronotum
excavated at sides as in Coptonotus cyclopus Chapuis and having a general
resemblance to that species, but much smaller and very different in structural
details.

Head with contour evenly arcuate from occiput to epistomal margin; eyes
(figs. 3, 4) narrowly separated above, large, very broad oval (subcircular), not
emarginate, facets coarse; frons narrow above between eyes, feebly reticulate,
median line feebly sulcate, with a faint, triangular impression below between
bases of antennae and mandibles; antennal scape (fig. 1) moderately slender,
club-shaped, as long as club and funicle together, funicle short, pedicel as long
as other two segments combined, club flattened, ovate, about 1.66 times as long
as wide, with distal end subacuminate, and with no trace of sutures.

Pronotum 1.06 times as long as wide, widest in posterior fourth, much narrow-
er anteriorly (24:34), posterior outline arcuate, not margined; sides strongly
excavated (constricted) in anterior three-fourths, anterior outline weakly
arcuate; surface moderately shining, distinctly, regularly, finely reticulate, with
fine. shallow, rather sparse punctures bearing extremely minute hairs on most of

Mecopelmus xeteki. 1, antenna; 2, tibia; 2a, tarsus; 3, front view of head;
4, lateral view of head and pronotum; 5, dorsal view of body. All drawings by
Mrs. Mary F. Benson.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE /

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80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

disk, punctures near anterior margin somewhat larger and deeper and bearing
larger hairs. Tibia (fig. 2) with large, curved, terminal mucro, outer edge with
two large, blunt serrations; tarsus (fig. 2a) very long, 1.5 times as long as tibia,
very slender, segments nearly uniformly cylindrical, first segment nearly as
long as other four combined.

Elytra very slightly narrower than pronotum and 1.67 times as long, 1.90
times as long as wide; bases nearly straight, sides subparallel on anterior three-
fifths, then gradually narrowed, with end extreme and rather broadly rounded;
surface shining, striae weakly but distinctly impressed, with punctures rather fine
and close, with minute, inconspicuous hairs; interspaces convex, wider than
striae, finely, distinctly reticulate, with very few, fine punctures, subglabrous
on disk and sides. Declivity sloping; striae as on disk; interspaces with small,
sparse, shallow punctures; hairs scanty, rather short, spatulate.

Type locality —Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone.

Host— Unknown.

Type material—Holotype, United States National Museum
No. 56775.

The new genus and the new species are described from a single
specimen taken at light June 20, 1941, by James Zetek.

MINUTES OF THE 542D REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
JANUARY 6, 1944

The 542d regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., Thursday,
January 6, 1944, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Annand
presided and 38 members and 14 visitors were present. The minutes of the
previous meeting were read and approved.

President Annand announced that the Treasurer’s Report had been audited
by the Committee appointed and approved. ‘The following Committees have
been appointed:

Membership—M. P. Jones, L. J. Bottimer, C. M. Packard.
Program—L. D. Reed, E. H. Siegler, H. K. Townes.

The regular program continued with a group of papers on the Columbus
meetings:

1) Dr. F. C. Bishopp—Report on program on Medical Entomology in War-
time.—The program was divided into two parts, one group dealing with the
role of medical entomology and the other with chemical control of the insects
involved. Among several outstanding speakers from the Army Medical Corps
who appeared on the program in the first group were Major O. R. McCoy who
discussed the general and historical importance of insects in medical corps work,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 81

Col. W. A. Hardenbergh who spoke on entomologists and the Sanitary Corps,
and Major Stanley Carpenter whose paper dealt with work in the 4th Service
Command. Canada was represented by Major R. H. Ozburn who gave an
account of the entomological work of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps.
Dr. Stanley Freeborn and George H. Bradley of the U. S. Public Health Service
discussed the work of that Service in connection with the control of malaria in
extra-cantonment areas. W. H.W. Komp was not able to attend the sessions,
due to illness. In the second group Randall Latta dealt with work on fumi-
gants in louse control, E. F. Knipling with repellent and insecticides of value
in control of lice and other insects of military importance, T. C. Alvin with
sabadilla seed as a partial substitute for pyrethrum, and Dr. L. D. Goodhue
discussed and demonstrated the new aersol bomb. The Corps of Engineers of
the U. S. Army was represented by L. W. D. Reed. (Secretary’s Abstract.)

2) S.A. Rohwer—Re port on program on Agricultural Entomology in W artime.—
The program of Agricultural Entomology in Wartime began with the afternoon
session on December 8th. Agricultural Entomology was, however, also dis-
cussed at the opening session as it was ably considered in portions of the scholarly
address of President Annand entitled “The War and the Future of Entomology.”’
The portion of the program headed Agricultural Entomology included addresses
by 18 speakers. The papers covered a wide variety of subjects, from those
dealing with the supplies of insecticides, their distribution and allocation, to
current wartime problems concerned with the enforcement of plant quarantines.
High lights of recent research to discover, develop, and apply new insecticides
and how to use substitute or alternate materials to the best advantage were the
themes of the talks presented by a number of speakers. Research to devise
and utilize ways of protecting packaged and stored food from damage by insects
was explained by three invited speakers and amplified through discussion.
New problems in the production of seed because of insects and the part that the
honeybee plays in crop and seed production were also important features con-
sidered.

The address and at least the important additional comments brought out in
the discussion will be published. To attempt to abstract what was said would
be a poor substitute for the original, which will be available shortly in the
Journal of Economic Entomology.

During the discussion of the afternoon of the eighth, the late E. P. Felt ably
and briefly emphasized the importance of trees to the war effort and their value
during peacetime. His discussion is remembered as one of the high lights of
the meetings, and particularly because of the sincerity and vigor with which he
spoke of the importance of protecting trees from insect pests. He was in good
spirit and appeared to be in good health. Little did we expect that this meet-
ing would be his last, as he passed away on December 14.

An interesting and perhaps significant difference was noted in the over-al|
make-up of the program for the two general subject matter fields. That section
of the program which dealt with medical entomology had a number of papers
by leaders of operations where entomology and the results of entomological
research were being applied. The scheduled talks and the discussion in the
section of the program concerned with agricultural entomology were, with two
exceptions, all by entomologists, Entomologists talking to entomologists—

82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

and in this respect the usual kind of program for entomological meetings. From
an over-all, public relation, stimulating, and general orientation point of view,
it appeared that the program for the section on medical entomology had the
greater interest and was more effective. ‘The contrasting way the two programs
were organized contributed to the difference in general interest between the
two sections.

The program of the section on agricultural entomology was so much more
effective and interesting than the average annual meeting that, contrary to
what has been the usual custom of late, those in attendance were in the meeting
room rather than corridors. It was a most successful national meeting and
reflects high credit on the program committee. It demonstrated the advan-
tages of a planned program of invitation papers. It will be a good model on
how to plan future meetings for the benefit of entomologists and the improve-
ment of entomology.

The meeting arrangements were a unique feature for annual meetings. ‘Tables
and chairs were well arranged and made it comfortable and convenient for taking
notes. ‘The local committee is to be congratulated for digressing from the
conventional lecture room set-up usual at the annual national meetings. The
regular program filled the daytime so that committee meetings and business
sessions had to be held at night. (Author’s abstract.)

Dr. Annand reminded the Society that Dr. E. P. Felt had been a member,
and appointed Mr. Muesebeck and C..W. Collins to prepare an obituary notice
for publication in the Proceedings.!

3) M. P. Jones—Report on program on Extension Entomology—The Extension
Section met on Dec. 8th with representatives from 18 States. Most of the
North Central specialists decided to attend the North Central States conference
rather than the Columbus meetings. Eight papers were discussed. Mr. Jones
stressed that, while the general sessions dealt with recommendations, the ex-
tension session was more interested in methods of getting out the findings of
research to the people. There is a wide variety of conditions in the different
States: as, for example, Pennsylvania has 4 full-time Extension Entomologists
and 2 full-time Beekeeping Specialists while Texas has only 2 Entomology
Specialists for its 280 counties. Where extension personnel is scarce it is neces-
sary to rely on the cooperation of subject matter specialists, district agents, and
_a more extensive use of illustrated material. Last year’s cattle grub program
which was discussed, illustrated the difficulties encountered in planning control
programs. The States based their recommendations on the use of rotenone
and when the time came for action there was no material procurable. An inter-
esting paper was given on the use of 4-H Clubs in extension work. ‘The infor-
mation gathered last year by several hundred club members on cotton insect
control was so effective that three States issued them certificates of award. The
points brought out in favor of using the Clubs were: 1) the club members learn
the value of determining insect populations; 2) they render a real service to their
fathers and neighbors; 3) the boys who go on to study Entomology approach
the subject from a more practical viewpoint. ‘The Session discussed the most
satisfactory types of publications and felt that it would be best to break down

1 See this volume, pages 26-29,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944 83

general bulletins into more concise leaflets. The latter are easier to use and less
expensive. (Secretary’s Abstract revised by Author)

There were further comments on the Columbus meetings by Mr. Rohwer and
President Annand.

The last paper on the regular program was the address of Ex-President
Harned entitled: Problems and Progress in Cotton Insect Control.

Mr. Harned discussed Problems and Progress in Cotton Insect Control,
especially the problems that have arisen because of war conditions. Lantern
slides were shown that gave some of the results of recent investigations of
cotton insects and the cotton insect survey. One of the most pressing problems
is the prevention of the increase in cotton aphid infestations that usually follow
the use of arsenical insecticides for the control of other insects.

Before the war good results had been obtained in controlling the cotton aphid
by the addition of derris or cube to calcium arsenate used for boll weevil
control, so that .5 percent rotenone was in the mixture.This was recommended
for one year when war restrictions prohibited its use on cotton. At several
field laboratories of the Division of Cotton Insects experiments have now shown
that satisfactory control of the cotton aphid may be obtained from nicotine
sulphate, free nicotine, and fixed nicotine applied at any time when the air is
quiet. Equally good control may be obtained by mixing any one of these
nicotines with calcium arsenate so that there is | percent nicotine in the mixture
for each application or 2 percent when the nicotine is used only in alternate
applications.

The urgent need for copper for war purposes made it necessary to find substi-
tutes for paris green and basic copper arsenate, the only insecticides containing
copper that are extensively used for the control of cotton insects. To substitute
for paris green in the paris green-sulfur mixtures used in the irrigated regions
of the Southwest several arsenical-sulfur mixtures were found to be effective.
One of these mixtures consists of equal parts of sulfur and a mixture of 5%
calcium arsenite and 95 percent calcium arsenate. Various other mixtures of
sulfur with calcium arsenate or calcium arsenite, or with mixtures of these
arsenicals have given practically as good results as the paris green-sulfur mix-
ture. To substitute for basic copper arsenate, cryolite is satisfactory against
the bollworm, the cotton insect for which basic copper arsenate has shown the
most promise.

Because of a possible shortage of arsenic for insecticidal purposes, search has
been made for substitutes for calcium arsenate and other arsenical insecticides
used on cotton. For bollworm control cryolite has been found to be equally or
more effective than calcium arsenate or any other arsenical insecticide, but
against the boll weevil and cotton leafworm cryolite is only about half as effec-
tive as calcium arsenate. However, even though 50,000,000 pounds of calcium
arsenate are used annually for boll weevil control, it has been found that the
cotton growers can get along with a much smaller amount if that should become
necessary. Many growers begin dusting too soon, apply too much calcium arse-
nate, or continue applications too late in the season for best results. Many
growers use no insecticides for boil weevil control but depend entirely upon
cultural practices to produce a crop in spite of the weevil. More can do so if
necessary. Experiments in Louisiana and Mississippi have shown that more

84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

profitable results are obtained by waiting until 25 or 30 percent of the squares
are infested than by beginning the applications of calcium arsenate when 10
percent are infested as was formerly recommended. Waiting for 25 percent
infestations means that often it is not necessary to use any calcium arsenate, or
at least less calcium arsenate is used and there is less damage from aphids.

War conditions have emphasized the importance of insect surveys. The
survey of cotton insect conditions was expanded during 1942 and further
expanded in 1943 through the cooperative efforts of State and Federal agencies.
It was conducted to aid in the orderly distribution of insecticides and to help
the extension workers and farmers by furnishing reliable information on condi-
tions that would be helpful in their efforts to reduce losses from insects. The
summaries of insect conditions, issued at weekly intervals or oftener were based
on 25,741 reports received during the season. Federal entomologists, chiefly
jn the Division of Cotton Insects made 5,918 reports; 3,430 came from extension,
experiment station and state entomologists; 9,756 from farm crop reporters
through the State Statisticians of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in the
nine states where the boll weevil causes the heaviest losses; 3,531 from 4-H
club members in 5 states, and 3,106 from farmers and others. Excellent
cooperation was given in each of the 16 states that were included in the survey.
This included all of the important cotton-growing states except California.
(Author’s abstract.)

President Annand called for comments, and Dr. McIndoo asked for clarifica-
tion of the term “mopping.” Mr. Harned stated that a mixture of molasses,
calcium arsenate, and water was prepared fresh each day and applied to the
tops of seedling plants by means of cloths attached to the end of sticks.

As there were no further comments the meeting adjourned at 10:02.

Ina L. Hawes, Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, April 4, 1944,

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, **A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’ by Adam G. Boving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions...............-..00-- $3 .00
Micon mem Pers Or the SOCEEYs 2... oot i eeta lake vec cg a teet $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval
and adult structures.

Back numbers of.the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
pernumber. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries
concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D.C.

DRAKE, CARL J.—A NEW GENUS AND TEN NEW SPECIES oF SEREN- k

THIINES: (HHMIPTERA? ‘TINGITIDAB) 20000000 30 i ee a —
WELD, LEWIS H.—DESCRIPTIONS OF aia CYNIPIDAE INCLUDING TWO
NEW GENERA (HYMENOPTERA). ........_........ BME Ae thal seca “ig?

rr

/pnsectsS

VOL. 46 — April, 1944 >... Now 4

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON” — |

eS
ZAXSONIAN

«¢ YOR TTI
\ ‘fry

) ~ AQAA a
> wayi10 1944 *

RoR rr
~ONAL, MUSE

——

PusiisHep Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust anD SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D..C., under
Act of August 24, 1912,

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3, 1917, authorized July 3, 1918. jee

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given
precedence over any submitted by non-members.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1944.

Honorary Prestdenr aie isis o| 20 ogame pa Kalla all's taal tm L. O. Howarp
PLESIUCRE (i tes Pal ok ahco aided © Lsihie hi etber eh eile: pieltne te aie P. N. ANNAND
PSCSEVEACE EV EIQORE. C8 ae ch ai Ria ira amet a Hien beetles etatere 1 F. W. Poos
SECONAE CCERETOSHACHB S (.c se N55, 8 hark lo Ue Rel ve dale Mme ga C. A. WEIGEL
ReCOrdi ng Secresany.) so" ai ().8)\@>\\o> jolie Vath eh aw Meh he itd tins ati Ina L. Hawes
Corresponding Secretary 20.0 ib) 6 ye ue sla ciathtm toll mre F. M. Waptey
Teeasarer iy ih ial aie ante) ee see i ue Ae enna el at G. J. HarussLer
BEd REOR EPR ee HNN ica wiht hbk Rl alltel Mal tae Ao cl Rae altos te te OSA Aan STONE
Executive Committee. .. . ..H. E. Ewrnc, E, N. Cory, R. W. Harnep
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of the Washington Academy of Sciences .......- Austin H. Crark

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 46 APRIL, 1944 No. 4

THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae)

By Dwicut M. Detonc, Department of Zoology and Entomology,
Ohio State University

An attempt was made in 1939 to bring together all the records
for Mexican species of the genus Phlepsius, at which time a list
was compiled and published and the new species then at hand
were described. Six species belonging to this genus were re-
corded for Mexico. In 1941, the writer spent several weeks in
field collecting in Mexico together with C. C. Plummer, J. S.
Caldwell, and E. E. Good. As a result this list has been in-
creased to thirteen by including the seven new species described
in the following pages. ‘This is a rather small number as com-
pared to a list of some seventy species occurring in the United
States.

The costomaculatus group contains a number of closely related
species which resemble each other very closely superficially but
the male and female genitalia are different and furnish characters
for easy separation of the species.

Phlepsius utahnus Ball

Phlepsius utahnus Ball. Can. Ent. 41:79, 1909.

No specimens of this species from Mexico have been examined
but Dr. Ball has reported it from Comondu, Lower California,
Mexico.

Phlepsius lascivius Ball

Phlepsius lascivius Ball. Can. Ent. 32:200, 1900.
Phlepsius micronotatus Osborn & Lathrop Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 16:321, 1923.

This species has been previously reported from the states of
Michoacan and Jalisco by the author. Additional Mexican
material has been collected at Guadalajara, Jalisco (5,051 ft.)
Zamora, Michoacan (5,800 ft.) Lake Chapala, Michoacan
(5,500 ft.) and Valles, San Luis Putosi, Mexico (300 ft.). It 1s
apparent from these records that it is common at altitudes of
5,000 to 6,000 feet and also occurs in the low tropical portion of
the Gulf region. It is common in the southwestern portion of
the United States, ,

MAY 10 "4%

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

Phlepsius continuus DeLong
Phlepsius continuus Delong. Lloydia 1:239, 1938.

The species is apparently limited in its distribution to the
lower, more tropical areas of Mexico. It has been collected at
several localities in the State of Vera Cruz, in Nuevo Leon at
low elevations and in the State of San Luis Potosi at Valles (300
ft.) and at Tamazunchale (350 ft.) from grass along the Mocto-
zuma River. It closely resembles fuscipennis the common
plains grass species of the northern Mississippi Valley States.

Phlepsius ventosus, new species

Resembling continuus in form and general appearance but darker in color
and with distinct male genitalia. Length 6-7 mm.

Vertex short and bluntly angled or rounded, more than three times as wide
between eyes as median length in male and four times as wide as length in female.

Color tawny yellow, heavily marked with dark brown pigment lines and
irrorations. ‘The vertex and scutellum are usually less heavily marked. The
scutellum bears two black marginal spots on each side.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with three distinct notches on posterior
margin. A deep narrow notch is formed on each side between the lateral
margin and a produced black tooth either side of the broader median V-shaped
notch which extends farther basally. The median notch is black margined.
Male plates long, only slightly narrowed to apex which is blunt, rounded on outer
margins and obliquely sloping to inner margin. Styles narrow, elongate,
apical portion narrow, fingerlike. ‘The pygofer slopes rapidly from dorsal to
ventral portion. Aedeagus with a narrow basal portion which extends dorsally
and caudally. The ventral portion extends caudally and curves dorsally bear-
ing a pair of barb-like teeth just before apex.

Holotype male, allotype female and male and female para-
types collected at Tepotzlan, Morelos, Mexico, September 11,
1941, by Plummer, Caldwell, Good and DeLong. A paratype
male was collected at Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, October 21,

1941 by Good and DeLong.

Phlepsius cirrus, new species

Closely related to slossoni which it resembles in form and appearance but the
genitalia are distinct. Length male 5.5 mm.

Vertex short, scarcely produced, apex blunt, rounded, almost three times as
wide at base as median length. Median portion depressed behind margin which
is sharp but not foliaceous.

Color: Pale, heavily marked with brownish pigment. Ocelli encircled by a
pale spot and with four prominent white spots on margin of vertex, a median
pale spot just back of apex and a pale spot either side of middle at base. Elytra
rather uniformly marked except for two small round brown spots on clavus
along commissure at about one-third and two-thirds the distance from apex of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 87

scutellum to apex of clavus. ‘There are several small dark spots along posterior
portion of costa and apical margin. Face mottled with brown.

Genitalia: Male plates rather long, convexly rounded to pointed apices.
Style broad at base abruptly narrowed at half its length, the much narrower
portion bearing a pointed apex which curves outwardly. Aedeagus rather
large at base with a blunt portion protruding dorsally, then narrowed to form
a long rather slender apical portion which extends dorsally and bears a pair of
slender apical processes, one is directed dorsally and the longer process curves
cephalad and ventrally.

Holotype male collected by the author near Mexico City,
D. F., Mexico (9000 ft.), from pine, September 1, 1939.

Phlepsius dampfi DeLong
Phelpsius dampfi DeL. Anal. Esc. Nac. de Cien. Biol. 1:381, 1939.

Records to date show this species to occur in two states on
desert vegetation. In the State of Nuevo Leon it was collected
at the Granja Experimental Bodriguez and in the State of
Coahuila at Saltillo (5,000 ft.). Since the difference in elevation
of these two localities is some 4,000 feet, the similar desert
condition is probably the most important of the environmental
factor.

Phlepsius extremus Ball
Phlepsius extremus Ball. Can. Ent. 33:10, 1901.

The only available records for this species are those obtained
by Ball from Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. :

Subgenus TROPICANUS, new subgenus

The members of this subgenus might be designated as the
costomaculatus group. ‘The subgenus is related to Dixianus
Ball but the species are more Phlepsoid in general appearance.

The vertex is short and bluntly angled and gradually rounded to the front
without a definite margin. ‘The head is wider than the pronotum. The middle
ante-apical cell is long, decidedly exceeding the outer anteapical cell both
anteriorly and posteriorly. The elytra are usually conspicuously marked with
brown ramose pigment lines which appear as cross nervures.

Genotype: Phlepsius costomaculatus (Van Duzee).

For several years we have placed a number of species, similar
in color but apparently distinct, under the species name costo-
maculatus. ‘This is the common species described from material
from the southern United States and redescribed by Baker as
pulchripennis from material collected in the same region. All
of the species of the group resemble each other in general ap-
pearance and in color pattern which is pale, with brown elon-

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

gated mottling on the elytra. Among these species there is a
difference in size, slight differences in color pattern and distinct
differences in male and female genitalia.

Phlepsius costomaculatus (Van Duzee)

Allygus costomaculatus Van Duzee, Bull. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist. 5:207, 1894.
Phlepsius pulchripennis Baker. Ent. News 9:65, 1898.

This is the common Phlepsus with the mottled brown pattern
of a Eutettix on the elytra which occurs throughout the southern
and a portion of the southwestern United States. It is the only
known species of this group of closely related species which has
been taken in the United States. It can be separated from the
Central and South American species by distinct male and female
genital characters.

The female last ventral segment is shallowly trisinuate. The male plates are
long and slender, concavely narrowed to slender pointed apices. Pygofer ex-
ceeding plates in length, produced and pointed on dorsal caudal portion. Aedea-
gus with a narrow anterior and a narrow posterior process extending from basal
portion. The anterior process is short, the posterior process is more than twice
as long and is narrowed to a pointed tip which is directed anteriorly at the end
of the long dorsal portion. Style with a rather long finger-like portion on inner
apical margin.

Both Dr. Ball and the writer have reported this species for
Mexico common in many areas. Since more extensive collect-
ing has been done and a more detailed study has been made of
this material it is quite clear that this species was reported in
error. It does occur in Texas and undoubtedly occurs along
the border, at least, in Mexico but no definite records are at
hand. It would seem at the present time that the common
species in the United States does not occur in Mexico and the
common species in Mexico do not occur in the United States.
This pattern of distribution will undoubtedly be changed when
sufficient collecting is completed.

Specimens of this species have been examined from Florida,
Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas. It may occur in
northern Mexico but no specimens have been examined which
are this species.

Phlepsius flectus, new species

Resembling costomaculatus in form and appearance but with distinct male
and female genitalia. Length 5 mm.

Vertex bluntly angled, twice as wide between eyes as median length in female,
less than twice as wide as long in male.

Color similar to costomaculatus, dull yellow with dark markings, Vertex with
a round black spot just back of each ocellus and a small spot each side on basal
margin. Four short transverse dash lines on margin between ocelli. Prono-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 89

tum mottled with brown and with a round black spot just back of inner margin
of eacheye. Pronotum pale with two small black spots along each side. Elytra
with a pale band along scutellum and inner clavus pale. Four black spots along
costal margin. Median portion marked with brown pigment lines and dark
spots from base to apex. Face brownish, mottled.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with rounded, produced lateral angles,
between which the posterior margin is broadly, angularly excavated. ‘The exca-
vation is brown margined. Male plates elongate triangular, tapered to long
slender apices. Styles long, apices blunt. Aedeagus with a long thick basal
process which extends dorsally and a long curved apical process which extends
caudally. The latter has a small apical hook which curves dorsally and an-
teriorly.

Holotype male and allotype female collected at Mexcala,
Guerrero, Mexico (1,700 ft. elevation), October 22, 1941, by
E. E. Good and the author. Male and female paratypes were
collected at Valles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico (300 ft. elevation),
September 29, 1941, by Caldwell, Good and the author; at
Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico (2,500 ft. elevation), September 11,
1939 by Plummer and the author; at Acapulca, Guerrero,
Mexico (sea level), September 10, 1939 by Plummer and the
author; at Yazalaxi, Oaxaca, Mexico, November 29, 1932
(MinE 2355) cby2 An, Dampis and at las Porestal, Vera Cruz
Mexico, November 12, 1920 by A. Dampf.

Phlepsius digitus new species

Resembling costomaculatus in form and appearance but with distinct genital
structures. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Vertex short, blunt, more than twice as wide between eyes at base as median
length.

Color dirty white with dark markings. Vertex darker at apex, a pale spot
on inner side of each ocellus and a black spot posterior to each ocellus. Prono-
tum with three black spots behind each eye. Scutellum with two marginal
spots each side along clavus of elytra. The elytra are pale, mottled with
brown. There are four dark spots on costal margin, a dark area on base of
clavus next claval vein, a pale brown area on corium and the middle ante-apical
cell brown. Face mottled with brown.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with produced lateral angles, between
which the posterior margin is rather deeply excavated, the central half of exca-
vation with margin truncate or slightly convexly rounded with a slight notch at
middle. Male plates long, tapered to pointed apices, concavely rounded on
inner margins. Style elongate, curved, gradually narrowing to bluntly pointed
apices. Aedeagus rather thick at base with three dorsal processes. The
anterior process is broad and extends dorsally, the middle process is narrow,
longer than either of the others and extends dorso-caudally; the posterior
process is short, narrowed to apex and extends caudally.

90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

Holotype male, allotype female and male and female para-
types collected at Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico (4,500 ft. elev.),
September 6, 1939, by Dr. C. C. Plummer and the author.
Paratype females collected at Uruapan, Michoacan (5,500 ft.
elev.), October 1, 1941, by Plummer, Good, Caldwell and the
author and at Tuxpan, Michoacan (4,000 ft. elev.), October 5,
1941, by Caldwell, Plummer, Good and the author.

Phlepsius calidus new species

Resembling costomaculatus in form, size and general appearance but with
distinct male and female genitalia. Length 5.5-6 mm.

Vertex broad and blunt, rounded at apex, more than twice as wide between
eyes at base as median length.

Color pale with dark markings. Vertex with faint marks along margin
between ocelli, a black spot behind each ocellus and two small merged spots
on posterior margin at either side. Pronotum with three dark spots on an-
terior margin, either side; two behind each eye and one behind the basal markings
of the vertex on either side. Scutellum with the two black marginal spots on
either side. Elytra with a black spot about the middle of clavus on either side
and a brownish longitudinal band composed of ramose brown pigment lines
extending from corium to middle of apex of each elytron. Face pale brown.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with posterior margin slightly pro-
duced from lateral angles to middle which is slightly notched and with a brown
wedge-shaped mark on middle. Male plates narrow, elongate, tapered to
narrow, attenuated, pointed apices which are surpassed in length by the pygo-
fers. Style rather broad at base, rapidly narrowed at half its length to form a
long narrow finger-like portion on inner margin which is sharp pointed at apex.
Aedeagus in lateral view rather broad at base with a short basal process extend-
ing dorso-caudally. From its apex a pair of conspicuous curved processes with
an apical hook bent caudally extend ventrally and laterally. Apical portion
long and narrow, extending caudally, apex bluntly pointed.

Holotype male from Santa Engracia, ‘Tamaulipas, Mexico
(1,000 ft. elev.), collected November 8, 1938, by J. S. Caldwell,
Allotype female collected at Valles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
(300 ft. elev.), September 24, 1941, by Caldwell, Good and
DeLong. Male and female paratypes from Cordoba, Vera
Cruz, Mexico (3,000 ft. elev.), October 8, 1941, Orizaba, Vera
Cruz (3,500 ft. elev.), October 8, 1941. Tehuantepec, Oaxaca,
Mexico (75 ft. elev.), October 13, 1941, all collected by Plummer,
Caldwell, Good and DeLong. A large number of paratypes
are also at hand collected by Dr. Dampf at La Forestal, Vera
Cruz, October 15, 1926 (M. F. 1106B), December 23, 1926
(M. F. 1134), and November 12, 1926 (M. F. 1108); Loma
Oaxaca, June 8, 1937 (M. F. 6070); Nainari, Sonora, August
11, 1927 (M. F..245), Peten, Guatemala, October 128) 1925
(M. F. 753), Yaxha, Guatemala, October 25, 1925 (M. F. 764),

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 8

LASCIVIUS

LASCIVIUS

UTAHNUS

IM

CALIDUS

COSTOMACULAT US

EXTREMUS

CALOWELLI

DIGITUS

DIGITUS

CONTINUUS DAM PFI

Plate 8—Ventral and lateral views of male genital structures as labeled.

[91]

92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

San Jose, Guatemala, November 13, 1925 (M. F. 797), shores of
Lake Peten, Guatemala, November 14, 1925 (M. F. 801), Flores,
Lake Peten, Guatemala, December 6, 1925 (M. F. 866), Vera
Cruz, Vera Cruz, October 14, 1926 (M. F. 1066), October 26,
1926 (M. F. 1112), December 13, 1926 (M. F. 1119), December
13, 1926 (Mi F. 1125); May 1, 1927 (MM: F. 1160); Centinelar
Colima, January 28, 1930 (M. F. 1598), El Mante, Tamaulipas,
October 26, 1930 (M. F. 1775), Tolosa, Oaxaca, December 31,
1932°(M. Ps 2511) Tierra Blanca, Vera Cruz, July 29, 1932;(Mee
2655). Vonala, ‘Chiapas, November 3, 1932 (MEE: 2722).

This species is apparently one occurring primarily at low
altitudes and it is essentially tropical; A few specimens have
been taken at altitudes of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet.

Phlepsius caldwelli, new species

Resembling costomaculatus in form and general appearance but with different
color markings and distinct male and female genitalia. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Vertex broad, bluntly angled, about twice as wide between eyes at base as
median length.

Color, vertex pale with faint brownish mottling. A small round black spot
just back of each ocellus and a small spot along basal margin either side of
middle. Pronotum rather heavily mottled with dark brown. Scutellum with
the two marginal spots on either side. Elytra more heavily marked than most
of the species of this group. Four dark brown spots on costa, a large oblique
spot on clavus just before middle, a small spot at apex of clavus, and a small
triangular spot on corium. Ramose pigment lines are rather uniform on elytra
except the anterior portion of costa. Face mottled with brown.

Genitalia: Female last ventral segment with lateral margins produced, be-
tween which the posterior margin is broadly concavely rounded to a slight
median notch. The entire posterior margin except for the lateral angles is
broadly bordered with brown. Male plates elongate, triangular, as long as
pygofer, apices bluntly pointed. Style elongate, gradually narrowed to a blunt
apex. Aedeagus in lateral view “U-shaped with a narrow basal portion ex-
tending dorsally and a longer more slender apical portion extending dorsally
and tapered to a sharply pointed, attenuated apex.

Holotype male, allotype female and male and female para-
types collected at Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
(600 ft. elev.), November 15, 1938 by Dr. J. S. Caldwell. I
take pleasure in naming this species for Dr. Caldwe!l who has
collected and described many interesting species of North
American Homoptera.

Phlepsius singularis, new species

Resembling costomaculatus in form and coloration but larger and with distinct
male genitalia. Length male 6.5 mm.

Vertex produced and bluntly angled, rounded at apex, more than twice as
wide between eyes at base as median length.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 9

UTAHNUS

FLECTUS

CONTINUUS

CALIDUS AMER

y : scivi
VENTOSUS SAS

COSTOMACULATUS

VENTOSUS

VENTOSUS

SINGULARIS

Plate 9—Upper portion—last ventral segment of female abdomen of species as
labeled. Lower portion ventral and lateral views of male genital struc-

tures as labeled.
[93]

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

Color: Vertex pale with faint spots along margin. A small dark brown spot
behind each ocellus and close to the eye near its middle. A semicircular brown
line passes through this spot and is open at basal margin. Pronotum mottled
with darker brown. Scutellum with basal angles dark brown. Elytra pale
brown marked with dark brown spots and whitish blotches. Veins dark brown
and four large brown spots on costal margin, an elongated spot on corium and a
few smaller spots on outer clavus. Face pale brown with darker brown mark-
ings.

Genitalia: Male plates unique in type. They are concavely excavated from
inner margin at about two-thirds their lengrh then produced to form pointed
apices on the outer margins. Style elongate, narrow, tapered to a narrow blunt
apex. Aedeagus with a long basal process extending dorsally and caudally.
The main portion of aedeagus is long and rather narrow, extending dorso
caudally with a pair of separated styles at apex. ‘The ventro caudal style is
the longer and both project caudally as a continuation at the apex. Just before
the apex a curious flap-like structure arises which extends basally along the
aedeagus and is pointed at the apex. On the opposite side and a little anterior a
slender style-like process arises which is twisted and then extends basally.

Holotype male collected at Vergel, Chiapas, May 19, 1935,
by Dr. A. Dampf (M. F. 4207).

The large size and the bizarre genital structures mark this as a
unique form among this group of closely related species.

FOUR NEW AMERICAN TINGITIDAE (Hemiptera)
By C. J. Drake and E. J. Hamsieton

The present paper contains the descriptions of four new tingi-
tids. ‘The types have been deposited as indicated under each
species.

Amblystira dozieri, new species

Separated from Ad. fuscitarsis Champion by its smaller size, wider elytra at’
base, mostly biseriate costal area, and less tumid pronotum. Antennae rather
slender, finely pilose, pale testaceous, the tip of last segment fuscous; segment
I very short, scarcely thicker or longer than II; III less than twice as long as IV,
the latter long. Head short, black, unarmed; eyes blackish, large, Rostrum
testaceous, extending beyond middle of mesosternum; laminae dark, widely
separated on meso- and metasternum.

Pronotum black, coarsely pitted, tricarinate, the median carina slightly more
elevated. Elytra widest near base, distinctly narrowed posteriorly, completely
overlapping behind in repose; costal area moderately wide, biseriate at base,
uniseriate at middle and uni- or biseriate in widest part, the areolae in uniseriate

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 95

portion distinctly larger, the color, except for transverse fuscous band in front
of middle, testaceous, the areolae hyaline; subcostal area biseriate, the veins
dark fuscous; discoidal area not reaching middle of elytra, narrowed posteriorly,
widest beyond middle, there triseriate, the veins dark fuscous; sutural area
becoming more widely areolate apically, the veins dark fuscous, the areolae
Clear. Legs slender, pale testaceous.

Type (male) and 2 paratypes, Hinch, Haiti, W.I., collected
bydaeli Dozier, -lype mU.S: Nate Museum.

Pleseobyrsa parana, new species

Very similar to P. atratarsis D. & H. but much smaller and with the lateral
margins of elytra much less rounded. Color and markings very similar to
atratarsis, the areolae smaller. Antennae moderately long, testaceous, beset
with long bristly hairs; segment IV long, scarcely thickened, not darkened.
Elytra broad, the margins beset with moderately long slender spines; costal
area very wide, five to six areolae deep, the outer margin nearly straight; sub-
costal area broad, more closely areolated; discoidal area large, moderately
elevated, six areolae deep in widest part, somewhat narrowed at apex, the
outer boundary highest beyond middle. Pronotum slightly convex, finely
pitted, areolate behind, tricarinate; lateral carinae short, present on anterior
lobe, terminating before calli, parallel; median carina long, slightly more
elevated; paranota shaped as in atratarsis. Legs testaceous, the tarsi not or
only slightly darkened.

Type (male), allotype (female), and 45 paratypes, Belem,
Para, Braz.,: Oct., 3; 1938, collected by Hambleton and Sauer.
Type in Drake Collection.

Gargaphia shelfordi, new species

This species may be easily separated from other Mexican species of Gargaphia
St&l by its small size, wide costal area, elevated carinae and clothing of fine
hairs.

Small, testaceous, with three or four transverse nervures of costal area
infuscate; head and pronotum brownish, the hind triangular projection of latter
testaceous. Head smooth, with five, very long, slender, testaceous spines.
Antennae yellowish brown, beset with rather short, bristly hairs, the terminal
segment infuscate; segment III less than three times the length of IV. Rostrum
almost extending to transverse laminae. Body beneath brown, clothed with
rather short, golden hair. Legs testaceous, slender, beset with rather short,
bristly hairs.

Pronotum moderately convex, clothed with fine, rather short, golden hair,
the triangular portion areolate. Margins of elytra, paranota and carinae beset
with rather short, golden hair, the nervures with similar erect hairs. Hood
small, sharply raised to a point near the middle, somewhat compressed laterally.
Carinae foliaceous, areolate; lateral carinae raised anteriorly. The three areo-
lae in front largest; median carina low in front, thence raised to center of disc

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

and then gradually lowered to apex of triangular process. Paranota broad,
moderately reflexed, widest opposite humeral angles, there triseriate. Elytra
rather broad, not divaricating posteriorly, the outer margins broadly rounded,
the tips not widely separated; costal area broad, mostly triseriate, quadriseriate
in widest part; subcostal area narrow, mostly biseriate, uniseriate behind, dis-
coidal area about reaching middle of elytra, narrowed at base and apex, widest
beyond middle, there four areolae deep; sutural area widely reticulated. All
areolae hyaline. Length, 2.90 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.

Type (male) and 1 paratype, Victoria, Tamp., Mexico, on
shrub, December 30, 1943, V. E. Shelford, named in honor of
Dr. Shelford, who has greatly increased our knowledge of
animal ecology. Type in Drake Collection.

Corythucha compta, new species

Very similar to C. hispida Uhler, but much larger, with stouter spines and
wider costal area. Moderately large, whitish testaceous, the pronotum some-
what stramineous, the tips of spines black. Pronotum moderately convex, the
hind portion triangular, long, whitish; median carina longer than hood, rathe;
low, uniseriate, attached in front at base of hood, the areolae moderately larger
lateral carinae distinctly raised anteriorly, areolate, not extending as far forward
as base of hood.

Hood strongly constricted behind middle, the anterior portion very narrow,
extending a little beyond apex of head, the hind portion not as high as wide,
inflated. Margins of elytra and paranota, some of the veins of hood, carinae,
paranota and elytra armed with erect spines. Elytra broadly constricted, not
strongly narrowed posteriorly, the tumid elevation rather small, inflated,
spinose; costal area wide, triseriate, the margins beset with numerous spines.
Antennae testaceous, clothed with long hairs, testaceous, the terminal segment
dark. Rostrum dark brown, extending to intermediate coxae.

Length, 4.10 mm.; width, 2.15 mm.

Type (male), allotype (female) and 15 paratypes, La Jolla,
Calif., May 10, 1931, C. Hl. Hicks;-2 paratypes: Sant Diese
Calif:, Aug. 5, 1915, E. P. Van Duzee. Type in Drakes@oe
lection.

This species has been confused with C. hispida Uhler. The
latter is smaller, with elytra distinctly narrowed posteriorly,
narrower costal area and longer and slenderer marginal spines.
Also, the erect spines on veins are a little more numerous.

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 97

THE ANTS OF THE GENUS THAUMATOMYRMEX MAYR WITH
THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PANAMANIAN SPECIES
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

By Marion R. Situ

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of Agri-
culture

Included in the ponerine genus Thaumatomyrmex Mayr are
some of the rarest and most primitive of all ants, whose dis-
tribution is apparently entirely neotropical. Previous to the
discovery of the new species described in this article only six
species were known, one each having been found in Cuba,
Honduras, Venezuela, British Guiana and Trinidad, Brazil,
and Bolivia. The total number of known specimens of de-
scribed species probably does not exceed a dozen individuals
and very peculiarly all of these are workers. Since no one has
been fortunate enough to discover a colony of these ants,
information is lacking as to nesting sites, size of colonies, and
the nature of their food.

Few ants are more easily recognized generically than the
extraordinary workers of YThaumatomyrmex. ‘They can be
readily identified by a combination of the following characters:
The narrow, arcuate mandible with three spiniform teeth;
the convex, coarsely faceted eye, situated near the base of the
mandible; the prominent frontal lobe; the usually anteriorly
divergent lateral borders of the head; the black body with light
brown appendages; and a range in length of 3.25 to 4.75 mm. As
Weber (Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1:67, 1942) has so aptly stated,
“The differences between the species lie chiefly in the propor-
tions of the teeth, width of head compared with its length,
convexity of the pronotum and mesonotum, angularity or
lack of angularity between the epinotal base and declivous
surfaces, shape of the petiolar node and development of stria-
tion or punctation. ‘The differences are perfectly distinct yet
no species varies so much that it might be placed in another
genus, for there is none near it.”

Since most of the species have been described very recently
and there are no records of them in the common reference
works including Dalla Torre’s Catalogue Hymenopterorum
and Wytsman’s Genera Insectorum, most of the important
bibliographic citations are given below.

T. mutilatus Mayr, 1887, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien 37:531; Emery, 1894,
Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 39:380, fig.; Emery, 1911, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 118, -
p. 49, pl. 2, figs. 5, 5b; Weber, 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:98; Weber, 1942,
Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1: 67, 68.

T. ferox Mann, 1922, Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus..61:3; fig. 1; Weber, 1939, Ann,
Ent, Soc. Amer. 32: 98; Weber, 1942, Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1: 67, 68,

98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

T. cochlearis Creighton, 1928, Psyche 35: 163, fig. 1, A, B; Wheeler, 1937,
Bul. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81:445; Weber, 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:98; Weber,
1942, Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1: 67, 68.

T. atrox Weber, 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:98, fig. 3; Weber, 1942, Bol.
Ent. Venezolana 1:67, 68.

T. manni Weber, 1939, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32:99; Weber, 1942, Bol. Ent.
Venezolana 1: 67, 68.

T. paludis Weber, 1942, Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1:68, 69, figs. 1, 2.

The following key, which is largely adapted from that of
Weber (Bol. Ent. Venezolana 1:67, 68, 1942), will serve to
distinguish the workers of the seven species:

1. Apical teeth of closed mandibles not exceeding lateral margins of head... 2
Apical teeth of closed mandibles exceeding lateral margins of head...... 5
2. Epinotum, in profile, evenly convex with no indication of an angle where
base and declivity usually meet............ 32 VA ell 3
Epinotum, in profile, not evenly convex but more or less angled where base
and declivityzusually: meets. recess oat een eee 4

3. Epinotum in profile low, evenly descending to ventral margin; anterior and
dorsal margin of first gastric segment forming in profile an approximate
right angle: Venezuela .i.s.0. cuts. o 5205 1 pone ea paludis Weber

Epinotum in profile high, passing: ventrally into a second and smaller
convexity; anterior and dorsal margins of first gastric segment forming
in profile a marked and acute angle. Brazil......... mutilatus Mayr

4. Basal and declivous surfaces of epinotum meeting in a distinct angle; head
subopaque, covered with coarse punctures interspersed with fine striae.
Gubavs .. 32 eee ae ee ee Caras cochlearis Creighton

Basal and declivous surfaces of epinotum meeting in a broadly rounded
angle; head smooth and shining, not covered with punctures and striae
as) described above: (Canal Zonesss2... ase. ne zeteki, new species

5. Lateral margins of head strongly diverging anteriorly. Bolivia

mannt Weber
Lateral margins of head moderately diverging anteriorly............... 6

6. Third tooth of closed mandibles barely reaching center of clypeus.

Eloniduras ess) cara ot sats ee ee a Cen ee ora ferox Mann
Third tooth of closed mandibles exceeding center of clypeus. British
Guiana and eWninidadinee rt ai ee eres ee atrox Weber

Thaumatomyrmex zeteki, new species

Worker.—Length 3.25 mm.

Head, excluding mandibles, subquadrate, widest in the region where the
strongly divergent genae touch the mandibles, posterior corners well rounded
and merging into the very feebly impressed posterior border. Eye longer than
broad, convex, with coarse facets; placed approximately its greatest length
from the base of the mandible. Antennal lobe large, concealing base of antenna,
ending anteriorly in a distinct angle. Clypeus concave, anterior border broadly
and feebly emarginate, Frontal area subtriangular, but not strongly defined,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 99

Frontal furrow rather distinct, of approximately the same length as the frontal
area. Antennal scape stout, apparently not surpassing the posterior border of
the head. Mandible composed of a basal portion from which projects 3 long
spines each of which is more or less curved, these spines increasing in length
apically; terminal spine unusually long, curved, acute, its apex scarcely attain-
ing the greatest width of the gena. Dorsal surface of prothorax, not including
collar, at least three times as long as the small but distinct mesonotum. Dorsal
surface of mesothorax lower than that of prothorax and epinotum, thus giving
this region a constricted appearance. Dorsal surface (base) of epinotum about
one and one-third times the length of the dorsal surface of the prothorax, not
including the collar, gently convex, meeting the declivous surface in a bluntly
rounded, obtuse angle. Legs moderately long and slender. Petiole unusually
large, wider than thorax but not as wide as gaster; from above, subtrapezoidal,
with convex anterior face and flattened, sloping posterior face; petiole, in profile,
at least one and one-half times as high as long. Gaster, in profile, with a
flattened perpendicular base; from above, moderately large, oval. Very
smooth and shining excepting for the rugulose anterior border of clypeus, an-
tennal lobes, and prothoracic collar; the punctate region surrounding the
antennal socket; the moderately shining legs, and subopaque antennae. Hairs
yellowish; sparse, long, mostly suberect or curved; rather abundant on gaster.
Pubescence on antennal scapes short, coarse and appressed, that on funiculi
fine but also closely appressed. Black; mandibles, antennae, and tip of gaster
reddish brown; legs yellowish, suffused with reddish brown.

Holotype and paratype from Barro Colorado Island, Canal
Zone; James Zetek; July-August 1942; Zetek 4975, Lot No. 42-
11986. Both specimens have been placed in the National
Museum collection and assigned United States National Mu-
seum No. 56483. -

This ant can be easily distinguished from all the other known
species of Thaumatomyrmex except cochlearis, from which it is,
however, quite distinct. W. S. Creighton, who kindly com-
pared the worker of zetekz with that of the type of cochlearts,
found that zeteki was smaller. He wrote, “In addition your
specimen is a much smoother ant. ‘The head and dorsum of
the thorax in cochlearis are covered with close set punctures and
delicate striae. ‘Their surface is only feebly shining at best
and in places is definitely dull. ‘The anterior face of the petiole
is also notably punctate in cochlearis. Other differences which
are quite noticeable are: The angular posterior corners on the
node of the petiole when seen from above in your specimen.
The posterior corners of the node of cochlearis are broadly
rounded. The head of your specimen is proportionately nar-
rower than that of cochlearis. Its pro-mesonotum is more con-
vex when seen from the side and stands higher above the dor-
sum of the epinotum. ‘The epinotum of your specimen is less
angular with basal and declivous faces joined by a rounded
curve rather than a distinct angle.” ;

100 = PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

MINUTES OF THE 543d REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FEB. 3, 1944

The 543d regular meeting of the Entomological Society of Washington was
held Thursday, Feb. 3, 1944, at 8 P. M. in Room 43 of the National Museum
with President Annand presiding. There were 39 members and 22 visitors
present. The minutes of the previous meeting were approved as read, and the
President then called for miscellaneous items.

Mr. Haeussler circulated a copy of the Constitution of the Society with the
explanation that the Executive Committee had voted to have copies reprinted
for sale. They may be obtained from Dr. Wadley at a cost of ten cents each.
A copy will be presented to each newly elected member.

Mr. Rohwer read a statement from Dr. C, L. Marlatt entitled:

JAraNese Beeties, JAPAN, 1901!

In midsummer of 1901, in the course of my search in Eastern Asia for the
native home of the San Jose Scale, I was overtaken in Japan early in July by
the rainy season with its 100% humidity and high temperature making:serious
work indoors or out impossible. I therefore joined the trek of the Europeans
in Japan and China to the mountain region of central Hondo, to tide over this
season and incidentally to enjoy a brief respite from the 18-hour-a-day surveil-
lance of my Japanese mentor, Hori, with whom, after two months, I was pretty
well fed up—but that is another story!

Some weeks were spent in this region divided between Nikko, Chuzenji, and
Youmoto, places having respectively elevations of 2,000, 4,500, and 5,000 feet.
In general it was a forested area and included large Imperial forest reserves, in
one of which is the summer palace of the Emperor.

From the points named, long excursions were made on foot and by ricksha
and such search as was possible was continued for scale and other insects.
Scale insects were practically absent, probably due to elevation and a more or
less continuous rainy season, resulting in the trunks and limbs of trees being
covered with lichens, moss and fungus. ‘The temperatures also were low—over-
coat weather in summer and very cold in winter.

One of these excursions (July 23) was to the village of Youmoto, a hot sulphur
springs resort much frequented by the Japanese, both sexes bathing in the nude!
The return to Chuzenji was made on foot and across two lakes by boat. On
the forest trails we encountered a few open meadows with scattering shrubs of
Crataegus or possibly the wild apple. No scale was found on them, but, as
recorded in my notebook: ‘‘The leaves of this shrub were skeletonized by a
beetle (Lamellicorne) with a truncated abdomen.” ‘This beetle, which I was
to meet again, is the subject of this note.

Early in August, our vacation over, we began the exploration of the northern
provinces of Japan and mid-August found us at Sapporo, the capital of the great
north island of Yezzo or Hokkaido, the center of a new and very extensive apple
district and the seat of one of Japan’s agricultural colleges and experiment sta-
tions. After paying my respects to the President of the College, Dr. Sato, |

1 Printed in full at the request Mr. Rohwer, £d,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 101

went out with three Professors, those of Agriculture, Horticulture, and My-
cology, to examine the college and station orchards—the Entomologist, Prof.
Matsumura, with whom I had corresponded, being then away on his sabbatical
year. These orchards, chiefly of American apples, proved to be practically
free from scale pests—and those found were dead. My note (August 19)
recording the situation as to scale insects concludes with the statement: ‘Clean
bill of health as to other insects save the work of leaf-feeding beetles—two
Lamellicornes, which were badly cutting the foliage of plum and especially
grape, like the work of our rose chafer.”’

The following day with Mr. Hori and the Professor of Forestry, Mr. Niijima,
an examination was made of the entomological collections of Professor Matsu-
mura and there we found our beetles duly named as follows:

“* Popillia japonica””—my smaller truncated winged-leaf chafer—the same as
collected near Chuzenji, and

** Anomela rufocuprea””—the larger leaf-chafer.

Professor Matsumura’s writing was bad and I took his generic name of the
Japanese beetle down as Poplia or Hublia. In the absence of any records or
information on the part of any of my hosts as to the injurious possibilities of
the beetles, the scientific names meant nothing more than other Lamellicornes
with the leaf-feeding habits of their very numerous family. Professor Matsu-
mura might have added something to our information, but probably all he had
seen was their feeding on foliage. That these early records were not recalled
when this beetle was discovered in 1916 by the New Jersey Department of
Agriculture to be well-established over a large area at Riverton, New Jersey,
has the following explanation:

On my return to Washington about May 1, 1902, after some fourteen months’
absence, I was immediately immersed in the administration of the Bureau and
of the several lines of research which I still retained along with scale insects as
my special field. Dr. Howard was away much of that year, 1902, leaving me
in charge of the Bureau and to make the Annual Report as Acting Entomologist.
A little later began the years of effort to secure the passage through the Congress
of a Plant Quarantine Act and then followed its enforcement during a long

period of hectic opposition calling for its defense in many directions, in fact, *

world wide! My Oriental explorations were necessarily put aside for a more
convenient season, save for reports on a few special subjects and a Bulletin on
the San Jose Scale. This season did not come until forty years after the notes
were made, when, in 1941, I took up my notebooks, the pages yellowed with age,
to see what of value might be salvaged from them. They brought in review a
high period of my life of travel and interest, and also disclosed many records of
interest, among which are these notes on the ‘“‘ Japanese Beetle!”

On this rediscovery, I went immediately to the United States Natura]
Museum where Mr. Muesebeck showed me my beetles duly labeled “ Marlatt
Sapporo, Japan!” Therefore, even if lost to memory (mine) the specimens
and the record, during this whole period, had been available! The Youmoto
specimens—also mailed—seemed to have been lost. I hasten to add that all
these bettles had been quarantined in cyanide!

A third Lamellicorn is recorded in my notes collected (May 11) on the island
of Sakarajima off the southern tip of Kiushu in subtropical Japan, I had

}

102 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944

called it Euphoria sp., a honey or sap feeder, finding it on orange blossoms,
some dozen beetles massed on a single bloom.

As to these records, it must be remembered that this exploration was specific-
ally directed to one scale insect, the San Jose Scale, but enlarged as to collec-
tions to include all scale insects—other insects coming in only as side issues
except mosquitoes which I collected ‘religiously around the world. There
were many, many little pill boxes full of mosquitoes very carefully packed and
sent to Washington for Dr. Howard and Mr. Coquillett. A few of these were
described by Mr. Coquillett. ‘The rest and by far the large numbers were not
studied although they no doubt include what Dr. Ashmead would title “‘new
and remarkable species!”

Dr. M. T. James presented the first paper on the regular program: A Pro-
jected Manual of Myiasis Producing Flies.

The author has in progress a manual of the flies that produce myiasis in man,
Though written from the human standpoint, it should prove useful to veteri-
narian as well. The taxonomic part is being prepared with the collections of
the United States National Museum as a working background; for information
concerning the other phases of the work it is necessary to rely on the literature:

The plan is to present the work in ten chapters, the scope of which, in brief,
is as follows. (1), Introduction, including a discussion of the significance of
myiasis in medical entomology. (2), Types of myiasis. In this chapter, two
classifications are to be presented: the one, following Bishopp’s plan, of dealing
with myiasis according to the parts affected (cutaneous, traumatic, ophthalmic,
etc.); the other, following Patton in discussing the parasitism as obligate
semi-specific, and accidental. (3) The causative organism, the fly; this chapter
will include a discussion of anatomy (including a glossary of terms), life history,
and ecology. (4) Technique—of rearing, preserving, and mounting. (5)
Classification. Chapters six to ten inclusively will deal with the parasitic flies
themselves, arranged in a systematic order according to families.

Mr. Arthur Cushman is preparing the larger part of the illustrations to be
used. (Author’s Abstract.)

Dr. Annand called for discussion. Capt. West asked if it would be possible
to include the larvae of all insects affecting man. Dr. James replied that such
a course would not be warranted in the present work. Miss Trembley inquired
how important a part Cordylobia would have in the manual, and Dr. James
said that Cordylobia, which is a blood sucker, not an invader of the body, would
not be particularly stressed. It is an African species which has no parallel in
this country.

The second paper, Entomological Work in Alaska, was given by J. C. Cham-
berlin.

The discussion primarily covered the preliminary results of studies conducted
during the period August to October 1943 inclusive in Alaska. The purpose
of the work was to investigate a serious outbreak of cutworms in the Mata-
nuska Valley during the spring and summer of 1943; to note and evaluate other
insect pests of agricultural importance, and to prepare recommendations for
future entomological research on agricultural insects in the territory.

The work was done under the auspices of the University of Alaska Agri-
cultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Bureau of Entomology

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 4, APRIL, 1944 103

and Plant Quarantine, Agricultural Research Administration of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture.

First hand observations supplemented by extensive search of past records,
indicated that the only insect pests of present or past agricultural importance
in Alaska are the root maggots and the cutworms. Of these the root maggots
are probably, all things considered, of greatest importance.

The root maggots (the cabbage maggot and/or its relatives (Hylemya spp.))
seriously affect all cole crops throughout the territory with the exception of the
truly arctic subregion bordering the Arctic Ocean.

Indications are that the insect or insects involved are native forms primitively
infesting wild brassicaceous plants, such as the mustards. ‘There is a serious
need of accurate taxonomic determinations before the status of root maggot
injury in Alaska can be fully evaluated.

Cutworm injury in Alaska is much less extensive although locally, as in
Matanuska in 1943, much more serious than root maggot injury. Cutworms
caused some injury to crops in the Tanana Valley in 1939 and have done exten-
sive damage in the Matanuska Valley as far back as 1928. Years of most serious
damage in Matanuska have been 1928, 1935, 1942, and 1943. At least $100,000
damage was done in the 1943 outbreak. It is probable that several cutworm
species were actually involved in the 1943 outbreak including the red-backed
cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster Gn.) and the spotted cutworm (Amathes c-nigrum
(L.)). At least three other cutworm species with past histories of economic
damage also were found (the glassy cutworm, the w-marked cutworm and the
black army cutworm).

The lack of economic populations of such insect pests as the various aphids,
leafhoppers, fleabeetles, and other leaf-feeding beetles and foliage feeding
Lepidoptera was especially noteworthy. Associated with the scarcity of
insect vectors was the lack, or extremely low incidence, of any of the numerous
virus and other insect spread diseases of such plants as peas, potatoes, cold
crops, and beans.

The discussion was concluded with the showing of a series of 30 ‘“‘koda-
chrome” lantern slides illustrating the general topography and agriculture of
the Matanuska Valley. ‘These slides were loaned through the courtesy of Mr.
W. A. Rockie of the Soil Conservation Service in Portland, Oregon. Among
the crops doing especially well under Alaskan conditions are such forage crops
as oats, barley, vetch, peas, and various grasses, as well as such truck crops as
cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, rutabagas, lettuce, peas, and celery.
(Author’s Abstract.)

In the animated discussion which followed, questions from Miss Sollars, Dr.
James, Mr. Rohwer, Dr. Anderson, A. G. Webb, Mr. Latta, Mrs. James, and
Dr. Sasscer brought out the following points; 1) Not enough corn is grown in
Alaska to make corn insects an important problem, although the corn seed
maggot may be among the as yet unidentified material collected since it has
been recorded from Alaska; 2) Mosquitoes are present in May and June but are
not as severe a pest in the cultivated areas. ‘There are also pests known locally
as “‘white socks” and to scientists as Simulium vittatum; 3— Mr. Chamberlin
had no opportunity to survey southern Alaska but expects to do so on a return
trip; 4) Stable flies, cockroaches, and silverfish were observed but no house-

104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 3, MAR., 1944

flies; 5) There is very little beekeeping as the honey flow is not sufficient to main-
tain the colonies and new ones must be imported each year; 6) No stone fruits
are grown and apples are poor; 7) There is at present no inspection service to
safeguard the importation of fruit stocks. Dr. Annand explained that the
survey had been a cooperative project between the Alaska Experiment Station
and the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: Dr. W. E. Hoffman,
Dr. A. A. Ogloblin, Dr. Irma de Crouzel, H. Peters, S. Parks, and W. A. Thomas.
Mr. Hoffman, who had just returned from China on the Gripsholm, spoke
briefly of his experiences at Lingnan University under Japanese invasion, and
of the 16,000 mile trip home. He mentioned the almost complete scientific
isolation from which workers in China now suffer.

The meeting was adjourned at 9:58.

Ina L. Hawes,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, May 3, 1944.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘‘A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions.................-...- $3.00
iovmembers of the Societys 54.64 Coe OI $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval
and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.
Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F, M: WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D. C.

ot

CONTENTS

DELONG, DWIGHT M.—THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF PHLEPSIUS (HOMOP- —
THERA’: CICADBLIADAR) 000 2h" IU aM ea ATOM ce UTS fs

DRAKE, C. J. AND HAMBLETON, E. J.—FOUR NEW AMERICAN TINGI- if
TIDAE (HEMIPTERA)

SMITH, MARION R.—THE ANTS OF THE GENUS THAUMATOMYRMEX
MAYR WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW PANAMANIAN SPECIES —
(HYMENOPTERA: ‘FORMICIDAB) 2181005000 20 0 Us

VOL. 46 May, 1944 No. 5

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

Pusiisnep Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust anp SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D, C., under
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Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
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THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
first Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1944.

Honorary President). c)0'\e se eS NISSA Eriol Oat, Poe oa Ru OER L. O. Howarp
PEMBENE Uae LSet erie ie SOP STC lil a! lwo) Wat el Lal ater eal carmel P. N. AnnanpD
FPSB PEE DPESIAOMT 8s kuin, bio Oa a: el isbs ait Celle badoy lia Manne gas F. W. Poos
SOCOND FH ALE=EVESGEHE 2S) sha she Ka porifavsceiticl sa alah ied pent eira C. A. WEIGEL
IRECOLAINE BECHELGTN Sine ba is j/pabhar wee’ e \e(s hei ia) phar ela Ina L. Hawes
Corresponding Secneyaey fio aie sel) Wile ee as nt F. M. Wap.ey
DVERSUTETE SUC ad et et a coat heat lua ee Pet eM ober Wale ran ee nES G. J. HagussLer
ato sh Sth deihratae ee Sb ea hus hohe Can iuwnita anit eb reNeh tall alta Matha Aan STONE

Executive Committee. .. . ..H. E. Ewi1nc, E. N. Cory, R. W. Harnep
Nominased so represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences .... +s. Austin H. Crark

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 46 MAY, 1944 No. 5

THE GENUS SOLUBEA (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

By Reece I. Satter

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture

The generic name Solubea was established by Bergroth in
1891 to replace Oebalus Stal, 1862, which he found to be pre-
occupied by Oebalus Rafinesque, 1815, in the Mollusca. Kir-
kaldy, 1909, subsequently designated (Cimex typhoeus F.) =
Solubea pugnax (F.) as genotype. The last revisionary treat-
ment of the genus is that by Stal of 1872 in the “‘ Enumeratio
Hemipterorum.”

Solubea is a genus representative of the subfamily Pentatom-
inae and has been treated by Stal and subsequent authors as
belonging to the tribe Pentatomini. It is closely related to the
older genus Mormidea Amyot and Serville, 1843, and to Porip-
tus Stal, 1861. The following key seems to provide adequately
for the separation of these genera:

1. Jugae greatly produced, contiguous before the tylus.......... Poriptus Stal
ite ze mor producedsberore Ly ltigs s.r. oe ek. teeges Se Se sgse Ss sees 2
2. (1) First rostral segment not exceeding posterior apices of bucculae. .
Solubea Bergroth
First rostral segment exceeding posterior apices of bucculae......
Mormidea Amyot and Serville

The external genitalia of both sexes present characters of
generic significance. The shape of the proctiger of the male is
of fundamental importance. In Solubea it is typically wedge-
shaped, the sides sloping laterally from the median line. This
median line is sutured along part of its length (in S. dink: the
proctiger is tricarinate dorsally and this median suture is not
‘evident). In Mormidea the proctiger appears as a flaplike
structure, with the apex tending to be trilobate. The margins
of these lobes are strongly serrate, frequently comblike. The
proctiger also occupies much more of the genital cup than is the
case in Solubea, and there is a corresponding reduction in the
size of the claspers. The subgenital plates of the female pro-
vide a character which serves to separate these two genera in all
species. In Solubea these plates are bluntly acuminate apical-
ly, while in Mormidea they are rounded and the margin some-

106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

what thickened or inflated in appearance. ‘The female genital
plates of Poriptus are very similar to those of Solubea, probably
indicating the existence of a close relationship between these
two genera. No males of Poriptus were available for study.

’ The genus Solubea and the two related genera discussed above
are confined to the Western Hemisphere, where their distribu-
tion is, in the main, neotropical. ‘Two species of Solubea and
five species of Mormidea have been reported from the United
States and of these only S. pugnax (F.) and M. lugens (F.) are
predominately nearctic.

In recent years several species of Solubea have been recog-
nized as important pests of rice. The first record of this asso-
ciation with rice was made by C. F. Riley in 1882 when he
mentioned Oebalus pugnax (F.) as common on this crop. The
earliest record of damage of economic importance was made in
1867 by T. Glover, who reported the same species as seriously
damaging wheat in Chesterfield County, Va. Solubea pugnax has
since been reported as damaging many of the grasses and cer-
eals and remains the most important species in the genus. The
rice injured by the feeding of this insect is known commercially
as “‘pecky” and results in serious losses to growers in Arkansas
and Texas. Other species known to cause damage of economic
importance are Solubea insularts (Stal) and S. poecila (Dallas).
The former was reported by Essig (1928) as causing consider-
able damage in rice-growing areas of Mexico, while the latter
is an important pest of rice in the Guianas and Brazil. Re-
cently a considerable series of specimens was received from
Puerto Rico with the report that the species was injuring rice.
The specimens were found to be S. ornata, a new species de-
scribed in this paper.

Undoubtedly all members of this genus are capable of inflict-
ing damage on cereal crops whenever local conditions favor the
building up of sizeable populations on neighboring host plants
of the grass family. Outbreaks, while sporadic and seldom
general in character, are often spectacular and, together with
lighter infestations which often pass unnoticed, take an import-
ant toll from the rice industry of this hemisphere.

This study is based, principally, upon specimens in the United
States National Museum Collection. Additional material
from the Francis Huntington Snow Collection of the University
of Kansas, the American Museum of Natural History, and the
California Academy of Sciences was made available through
the kind offices of Dr. R. H. Beamer, Dr. M. A. Cazier, and Dr.
R. L. Usinger. Material from the personal collections of Dr.
C. J. Drake, Dr. H. M: Harris, both of Ames, lowa:JDieR aa
Usinger of Davis, Calif., and Mr. J. C. Lutz of -Philadelphia,

was also generously loaned the author.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 107

SOLUBEA Bergroth

Oebalus Stal, 1862, Stettin Ent. Ztg. 23: 102; 1867, Ofvers. af Finska Vetensk.
Soc. Férhandl. 24: 527; 1872, Enum. Hemip., vol. 2, p. 22; Berg, 1879,
Hemip. Argentina, p. 41; Distant, 1880, Biol. Cent. Amer., Heterop. vol. 1,
Pao:

Solubea Bergroth, 1891, Rev. de Ent. 10: 235 (new name for Oebalus Stal);
Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 125; Kirkaldy, 1909,
Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 61 (names pugnax Fabricius as type); Zimmer, 1912,
Nebr. Univ., Studies 11: 222; Van Duzee, 1917, Cat. Hemip. Amer. N. of
Mex., p. 39; Parshley, 1917, Hemip. Conn.—Pentatomidae, p. 761; Stoner,
1920, Iowa Univ. Studies in Nat. Hist. 13: 222; Blatchley, 1926, Heterop.
East. N. Amer., p. 125; Barber, 1939, Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin
Islands, vol. 14, pt. 3, p. 288.

Color.—Ranging from straw yellow through rufescent to fuscous. Punctures
on all surfaces except dorsum of abdomen usually rufescent to fuscous. Fre-
quently areas of pronotum, scutellum, and corium are devoid of punctures and
appear as yellow calloused areas. ‘These are most pronounced on the scutellum
and may or may not be of value as a specific character. Venter of abdomen
with median line more or less infuscated, lateral line also usually darkened by
presence of rufescent to fuscous punctures. Legs yellow with scattered fuscous
points or small spots, these always present on femur but sometimes absent on
tibia. Antennal tubercles each with a fuscous spot laterally.

Structure—Form elongate oval, broadest across humeri, tapering gradually
posteriorly and abruptly anteriorly. Noticeably convex dorsally, strongly so
ventrally. Anterior portion of pronotum and the head moderately declivous.

Head as long as broad across eyes, jugae not exceeding tylus, margins some-
what reflexed and sinuate before eyes; antennal tubercles visible from above,
second antennal segment never longer, usually shorter than the third; rostrum
with first segment never exceeding posterior apices of bucculae, second segment
longest, apex of rostrum not exceeding posterior margin of hind coxae. Lateral
margins of pronotum obtusely, irregularly carinate and concave before the
humeri, anterior lateral angle behind eye with a distinct tooth; humeri with or
without spines. Scutellum as long as, or longer than, width at base. Con-
nexivum narrowly or not at all exposed. Outer apex of corium acute. Ostiolar
orifice with a short elevated auricle; evaporating area well defined, truncate
apically.

External genitalia of male.—(P1. 10, fig. 1) Ninth abdominal or genital seg-
ment with cup broad and deeply concave, opening dorsoposteriorly. Margin
of cup more or less thickened on posterior lateral portion and carinate on the
anterior. Inferior ridge, when evident, narrow, with a spinose process medially
each side of proctiger; when reduced, with a stout tuberculate spine each side
near lateral margin. Lip produced posteriorly and, if not strongly concave from
ventral view, then with a well-developed median lobe. Superior ridge reduced.
Genital plates not distinct from inner face of cup, areas outlined by two carinae,
the superior carinae forming part of the anterolateral margin of cup and the in-
ferior carinae, usually shorter, often denticulate, located on inner face in a
position more or less parallel to superior carinae. ‘These tend to form a groove or

108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

trough opposite apices of claspers. Proctiger wedge-shaped, not more than half
as wide as long, usually sloping sharply from the median line; this line frequently
sutured in part and often produced into an elevated lobe at posterior dorsal
apex. Clasper stout, never bearing more than two arms; ectal arm usually
much reduced.

External genitalia of female-—Genital plates in part or entirely contiguous
along inner margins. Subgenital plates bluntly acuminate apically and with
the face of each sulcate basally. Lateral plates spinose posteriorly.

Key To SPECIES

1. Second antennal segment shorter than first and fused with third........ 2
Second antennal segment longer than first, suture between second and
third distinct: >.< ¢cas.¢...04 Basikn SIs So ie See ee 3
2. (1) Humeri not spinose, at most angulate. Male with lateral angle

of genital cup thickened and bearing a tooth directed inward
from inner suriace:.(522 ey 00 eee eee grisescens, new species.
Humeri spinose. Male with lateral tip of genital cup thin and
bearing an upright tooth on dorsal margin..............
ypstlon-griseus (DeGeer).
3. (1) Scutellum with basal width equal to length..... linki (Heidemann).
Scutelltim longer than basal-width:s.2 7 44:2 5 50 en a
4. (3) Humeri with spines directed anteriorly, outer margin forming a ~
continuation of line formed by costal margin of hemelytra in
normal resting position. 225.850. 8 oe ees. a 5
Humeri without spines or these, if present, forming a posterior
continuation of the lateral pronotal margin, projecting at
right angles to line formed by the costal margin of hemelytra...... 7
5. (4) Lateral margin of pronotum anterior to humeral spine with pro-
nounced carina, edge roughened, almost serrate.............
mexicana, new species.
Lateral margin of pronotum anterior to humeral spine obtusely
angulate; not more than calloused. ... .0 0... 5.2... ase see 6
6. (5) Genital cup of male without an infuscated ridge joining each of
the 2 tuberculate spines on inferior ridge with tooth on
Lateraltarcles Oe. cote te be icbiee selene ere ones oe ee pugnax (Fabricius)
Genital cup of male with an infuscated ridge joining each of the
2 large tuberculate spines on inferior ridge with tooth on lateral

ame les HS Bs) S eee ween See es pugnax torrida, new subspecies
7. (4). Males? pve ers ete pos we ¢ Oe ee ino 8
Females 2505 ok Quah ct eee ten nach: ca ene ae 10
8. (7) Clasper with apical margin linear from dorsal view and regularly
concave from lateral view........,........:-. insularis (Stal)
Clasper with apical margin not entirely linear from dorsal view,
never regularly concave from lateral view....................- S)

9. (8) Clasper with ectal arm flattened at right angles to apical margin
ornata, new species
Clasper with ectal arm bent upward only slightly..................
poecila (Dallas)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 109

10. (7) Length of inner margins of genital plates more than two-thirds
length of sixth visible abdominal segment along median ventral
JETP OG cis IS cote et alee ite 6 tre ee pee a insularis (Stal)
Length of inner margins of the genital plates less than two-thirds,
seldom more than half, length of sixth visible abdominal seg-
mentwalongemedianugventral lines mta ese se eee 11
11. (10) Hind tibia immaculate, without infuscated spots surrounding
bases of setose hairs, or at least with the spots not so con-
picuous as those oni fore tibia. 6 s.5- 0 sae ornata, new species
Hind tibia with infuscated spots surrounding bases of setose hairs
distinct, more conspicuous than those on fore tibia. . poecila (Dallas)

Solubea pugnax (Fabricius)
(Pl. 10, figs. 4 and 7)

Cimex pugnax Fabricius, 1775, System. Ent., p. 704; 1781, Spec. Ins., vol. 2,
p. 348; 1787, Mantissa Ins., vol. 2, p. 285; 1794, Ent. Syst., vol. 4, p. 100;
1803, Syst. Rhyng., p. 161; Goeze, 1778, Ent. Beytr., vol. 2, p. 238; Gmelin
in Linnaeus, 1788, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 2140.

Cimex typhoeus Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rhyng., p. 162; Wolff, 1811, Icon. Cimic.,
vol. 5, p. 180, fig. 174.

Pentatoma orthocantha Palisot de Beauvois, 1805, Ins. Rec. Afr. Am., p. 130,
pl. Hemip., 9, fig. 9.

Pentatoma augur Say, 1831, Heterop. New Harmony, p. 3; Fitch reprint, p.
758; Le Conte, 1859, Complete Writings of Thos. Say, vol. 1, p. 313.

Cimex vitripennis Burmeister, 1835, Handb. d. Ent., vol. 2, p. 367.

Mormidea typhoeus (Fabricius), Dallas, 1851, List of Hemip., vol. 1, p. 216;
Walker, 1867, Cat. Heterop., vol. 2, p. 253.

Pentatoma typhoeus (Fabricius), Guérin-Méneville, Sagra, 1857, Hist. de Cuba,
Ins., p. 370.

Oebalus typhoeus (Fabricius), Stal, 1862, Stettin Ent. Ztg. 23: 102; 1868, Hemip.
Fabriciana, p. 27. :

Ocbalus pugnax (Fabricius), Stal, 1868, Hemip. Fabriciana, p. 120; 1872, Enum.
Hemip., vol. 2, p. 22; Uhler, 1876, U. S. Geol. Survey Bul. 1: 285; 1878,
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc., 19: 377; Distant, 1880, Biol. Cent. Amer.,
Heterop., vol. 1, p. 56; Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1,
p. 125; Gundlach, 1894, Fauna Puerto-Riquena, p. 591; Van Duzee, 1904,
Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans., 30: 43.

Ocbalus typhaeus (Fabricius), Glover, 1876, Illus. Insects, Order Hemip., pp.
HS. IO jal WO

Pentatoma (Mormidea) typhaeus (Fabricius), Stahl, 1883, Cat. Cub. Zool., p. 210.

Solubea pugnax (Fabricius), Bergroth, 1891, Rev. de Ent. 10: 235; Kirkaldy,
1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 61; Van Duzee, 1909, Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci.
Bul. 9: 155; 1917, Cat. Hemip. N. Amer., p. 39; Smith, 1910, Cat. Insects
N. J., Ed., 3, p. 135; Bueno, 1910, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 18: 24; Olsen, 1912,
N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 20; 52; Zimmer, 1912, Nebr. Univ. Studies 11: 226;
Barber, 1914, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 33: 522; Stoner, 1920, Iowa
Univ. Studies in Nat. Hist. 8 (4): 77; Parshley, 1923, Hemip. Conn., p. 761;

110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

Barber, 1923, Amer. Mus. Novitates 75: 12; Blatchley, 1926, Heterop. East.
N. Amer., p. 126, fig 26; Barber and Bruner, 1932, Jour. Dept. Agr. Puerto
Rico 16: 252; Wolcott, 1936, Insectae Borinquenses, Puerto Rico Univ.
Jour. Agr. 20 (1): 175; Barber, 1939, Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin
Isls., vol. 14, pt. 3, p. 288.

Economic Literature on Solubea pugnax (Fabricius)

1867 Mormidea (Oebalus) typhea, Glover, U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt., p. 71.
(Recorded as seriously damaging wheat in Chesterfield County, Va.)
1880 Oebalus pugnax, Riley, C. V., U.S. Ent. Comm. Bul. 3: 36. [Predaceous
on Alabama argillacea (Hubner).|

1882 Oebalus pugnax, Riley, C. V., U. S. Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt., p. 138. (Men-
tioned as common on rice.)

1885 Oebalus pugnax, Riley, U. S. Ent. Comm. Rpt. 4,-p. 97, fig. 21. [Pre-
daceous on Alabama argillacea (Hubner).]

1887 Oebalus pugnax, Ashmead, U. S. Div. Ent. Bul. 14: 16. (‘“‘Considerable
numbers feeding on corn pollen.’’)

1891 Oebalus pugnax, Garman, Psyche 6: 61. (Reports species as injurious to
grasses, millet; discusses habits; describes eggs.)

1900 Ocebalus pugnax, Lugger, Minn. State Ent. Ann. Rpt. 6: 91. (Records
an outbreak in Minnesota during which wheat was damaged.)

1905 Oebalus pugnax, Forbes, Ill. State Ent. Rpt. 23: 194-195, fig. 195. (““Es-
pecially injurious to grasses and wheat.’’)

1919 Solubea pugnax, Hart, Ill. Nat. Hist. Survey Bul. 8: 177, 179, 188. (Key
beginning page 176 separates nymphs of the more common genera.)

1920 revised 1924, Oebalus pugnax, Webb, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul.
1086: 6, fig. 6. (Nature of injury to rice and control.)

EXPLANATION OF Pirate 10

Figure 1. Diagram of male hypopygium showing names of parts.

Figure 2. Solubea ypsilon-griseus, three basal antennal segments.

Figure 3. Solubea grisescens, same.

Figure 4. Solubea pugnax, same.

Figure 5. Solubea insularis, ventral view of sixth abdominal segment and
genital plates of female.

Figure 6. Solubea ornata, same.

Figure 7. Solubea pugnax, dorsoventral view of male hypopygium.

Figure 8. Solubea pugnax torrida, same.

Figure 9. Solubea mexicana, same.

Figure 10. Solubea link1, same.

Figure 11. Solubea ypsilon-griseus, same.

Figure 12. Solubea grisescens, same.

Figure 13. Solubea insularis, same.

Figure 14. Solubea ornata, same.

Figure 15. Solubea poecila, same.

co

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

Superior ridge
Proctiger
Superior carina
Inferior carina
eg eel arm
Sn Ectal arm

Tooth of lateral angle
aS Clasper

Pe erie ridge

Lip of hypopygium

PLATE 10

ro

2.S.ypsilon- griseus
= eee Sa

3.S. grisescens

== ees meses ESE
4.S. pugnax

13.S.insularis

14S. ornata

15.S. poecila A
| 111]

1D 4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

1920 Oebalus pugnax, Chambliss, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1092: 24. (A
serious pest of rice, especially late in the season.)

1925 Solubea pugnax, Davis, Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 20: 147. (Pairs seen to-
gether during night on tops of Johnson grass.)

1927 Solubea pugnax, Ingram, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1543: 1-4. (Life
history; eggs, first and last instars and adult figured. Methods of control
given.)

1932 Solubea pugnax, Douglas, La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rice Expt. Sta. Jour. 35: 12.

1934 Solubea pugnax, Douglas, La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rice Expt. Sta. Bien. Rpts.
1933-34: 25; 1935-36: 13; 1937-38: 17.

1936 Solubea pugnax, Hammer, Ohio Jour. Sci. 36: 157-160. (Study of ali-
mentary tract.)

1938 Solubea pugnax, Jones et al, U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bul. 1808: 26.

1938 Solubea pugnax, Ryker and Douglas, La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Rice Expt. Sta.
Bien. Rpt. 1937-38: 19. (Pecky rice.)

1939 Solubea pugnax, Douglas, Jour. Econ. Ent. 22 (2): 300-303, 1 table.
(Estimate of losses, list of wild host plants in Louisiana, and habits.)

1942 Solubea pugnax, Dahms, Jour. Econ. Ent. 35 (6): 945-946. [Serious
injury to Sorghums (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) in Oklahoma.]

References incorrectly assigned to Solubea pugnax (F.) in the “Index of
American Economic Entomology,” by Colcord:

Flint, 1927, Ill. State Hort. Soc. Trans. 61: 106. (No specific name mentioned.
Injury not typical of pugnax.)

Drew, 1927, Fla. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 40: 44, 46. (Severe damage done to
citrus by “‘stink bugs” migrating from Crotalaria. In view of the known
hosts of pugnax this record in all probability applies to some other penta-
tomid.)

Color.—Head, pronotum, and scutellum straw yellow, frequently with a red-
dish cast. Numerous rufescent to fuscous punctures, causing these dorsal
surfaces to appear somewhat darkened. These punctures sparse along median
dorsal line, especially numerous and dense along median line of jugae, extending
posteriorly to include ocelli, and on anterior angles of pronotum. Antennae
pale reddish, first segment lightest. Median line of rostrum and most of apical
segment fuscous. Pleura with spot on each coxal enlargement, on ostiolar sur-
face posterior to auricle, and at anterior lateral angle of mesopleuron fuscous.
Hemelytra pale yellow to vitreous, punctation finer and more sparse than on
scutellum except along apical half of exocorial vein; exterior apical angle of
corium with a fuscous spot; membrane pale. Hind wings iridescent and fre-
quently appearing green as seen through hemelytra. Legs yellow; scattered
black, setiferous punctures on each femur and on fore tibia. An ovate area on
mesosternum each side of tumid median line polished, pale yellow, but fre-
quently infuscated along inner margin. Connexivum finely punctate and pale
yellow. Venter pale yellow to reddish, with lateral line bearing numerous fus-
cous punctures, these forming a more or less darkened line which tends to be
continued across pleura to hind margin of the eye; anterior margin of each seg-
ment with an elongate spot along median line, these sometimes fused to form a
fuscous vitta. Spiracles black.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 113

Structure—Form elongate, narrow. Humeral spines prominent, sharply
pointed, directed forward and slightly outward. Lateral margins of pronotum
strongly concave, edge irregularly calloused. Antenna with second segment
longer than first.

Length: Male, 9.0-10.0 mm.; female 9.5-11.5 mm. Width at base of hemely-
tra: Male, 3.75-4.0; female, 4.0-4.75 mm.

Male genitalia——Hypopygium as viewed from beneath concave, without a
median lobe on posterior margin. Inferior ridge not continuous, bearing a
conical spine each side halfway between apex of proctiger and small black tooth
on margin of lateral angle of genital cup. Anterior distance between superior
carinae greater than their combined length. Area above base of proctiger
smooth and rounded off. Inferior carina subequal in length, parallel or oblique
to the superior carina, frequently with an indistinct or broken carina connecting
their apices. Clasper with the ental arm elongate, apex narrowly rounded,
convex along inner margin, concave, roughened and fuscous along outer margin;
ectal arm reduced, tooth-like; base cylindrical, greatest thickness equal to one-
third visible length. Proctiger concave dorsally on basal third, then drawn in
and laterally compressed to dorsal apex; apical margin vertical and sutured along
median line.

Female genitalia—Sixth ventral abdominal segment with ventral posterior
margin biconcave, thus forming a median lobe, this lobe often truncate medially.
Genital plates contiguous along their inner margins, each with length along
inner margin less than width; posterior margins swollen or thickened at lateral
angles adjacent to bases of lateral plates. Subgenital plates bluntly acuminate
apically, projecting slightly beyond posterior margin of dorsal plate; each with
greatest width equal to one-half greatest length; face deeply sulcate basally.
Lateral plates with inner margins tuberculate to conical basally; each con-
tiguous with genital plate from apex of this process to basal angle.

Type.—Not seen; said by Stal, 1868, to be in the Fabrician
collection, Kiel Museum. “Carolina.”

Distribution—Common in North America east of the Rocky
Mountains as far north as southern Minnesota and New York.
Also known in the West Indies and the northern Gulf Coast
region of Mexico. Records exist for Central America and
Colombia; however, it is not possible to verify these, and it is
likely that they represent records for pugnax torrida or mexicana.

V ariation—Remarkably uniform throughout range.

Economic itmportance——This species is undoubtedly one of
the most injurious pentatomids in the Western Hemisphere. It
is known to attack rice, wheat, sorghum, and many grasses.
Damage is principally the result of feeding by the nymphs and
adults on the immature or milk-stage grain. ‘This is most im-
portant in the case of rice, where it results in what is known
commercially as ‘“‘pecky rice’? and was estimated by Douglas
in 1939 to be causing an annual loss of from $300,000 to $500,000
to the growers in Arkansas and Texas.

114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

Hosts——Reported by Douglas, 1939, from the following
plants: Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., Panicum fascicu-
latum Swartz, Panicum sp., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.,
Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Paspalum longipilum Nash,
Paspalum urviller Stued. (most important in Louisiana), Pas-
palum sp., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Sorghum halepensis (L.)
Pers. (Johnson grass). Also reported from Zea mays L. (corn),
Sorghum vulgare Pers., and Setaria sp. In 1880, and again in
1885, C. V. Riley reported this species as predaceous on the
cotton worm, Alabama argillacea (Hubn.). Since Riley illus-
trated the species at that time there is no question of misidenti-
fication; however, no additional records exist to confirm this
observation.

Solubea pugnax torrida, new subspecies
(PI 10, fig. 8)

All characters of color and body structure except the male genitalia fall
within the range of individual variation exhibited by the typical form. Male:
Length, 9.5 mm.; width at base of hemelytra, 4.0 mm.

Male genitaliaa—Hypopygium as viewed from beneath concave and without
a median lobe on posterior margin. Inferior ridge continuous, bearing a large
conical spine on each side of proctiger; strongly concave, sharply carinate
and infuscated between this spine and tooth on lateral angle. Superior carinae
curved abruptly downward anteriorly and separated by three times the dorso-
basal width of the proctiger. Inferior carinae oblique, length of each not
greater than basal width of clasper. Clasper elongate, broadly rounded apically,
almost straight along inner margin but slightly concave before small, obtuse,
toothlike ectal arm. Distance from tooth to apex of ental arm less than one-
half greatest overall length. Proctiger concave dorsally on basal third, com-
pressed laterally to dorsoposterior apex, more gradually compressed ventrally
to apex. Apical margin vertical and sutured along median line.

Holotype: Male, Colombia, collected by Gallego, 1937.
United States National Museum Cat. No. 56806.

Study of additional material may show this form to be a dis-
tinct species. However, until more is known concerning the
extent of individual variation it seems best to treat it as a sub-
species of pugnax. It is probable that previous pugnax records
from Colombia refer to this form.

Solubea mexicana, new species
(Pl. 10, fig. 9)

Closely related to pugnax but with the pronotum differently shaped, con-
nexivum differently colored, and genitalia of both sexes distinct.

Color.—Very similar to pugnax. Antennae more rufescent, frequently
almost fuscous; a linear infuscated spot on outer lateral margin of first segment;
second and third segments with pronounced darkened areas at base of each
setose hair. Connexivum with a small spot on anterior margin of each segment,

PROC. ENT. SQC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 15

last segment with inner margin infuscated. Median ventral line of abdomen
with a small infuscated spot on anterior margin of each segment. Spiracles
black.

Structure—Form similar to that of pugnax but with humeral spines smaller,
not longer than length of an eye, directed forward. Lateral margins of prono-
tum along anterior half strongly carinate, the edge of carina roughened, and
appearing serrate. Connexivum not, or very narrowly, exposed.

Length: Male, 9.0-9.5 mm.; female, 9.25-11.00 mm. Width at base of
hemelytra: Male, 4.0; female, 4.25 mm.

Male genitalia—Hypopygium as viewed from beneath concave; secondary
concavities each side of median line, thus producing a small median lobe, this
not apparent from direct ventral view; margin at lateral limits of concavity
obtusely-angulate. Inferior ridge continuous, elevated to form a low spinose
process each side of proctiger; large conical spine on median lateral portion
connected to tooth on margin of lateral angle by a sharp-edged, infuscated
carina. Lip with a short transverse infuscated carina just posterior to apex of
proctiger. Superior carinae bluntly denticulate, curved downward anteriorly
and each ending in a prominent tooth; separated anteriorly by a distance equal
to twice length of a carina, this area smooth, rounded off to dorsal surface.
Inferior carina smooth, oblique, not more than half length of superior carina.
Clasper with ental arm strongly developed and continuous with basal portion,
narrowly rounded apically, concave along inner margin and on outer margin
before rounded projection representing ectal arm; this latter margin infuscated
and appearing minutely striate from ental to ectal apices. Width of clasper
through ectal arm equal to one-third greatest length. Proctiger regularly
rounded dorsoventrally at base, a transverse indentation dorsally just before
basal attachment; laterally compressed to dorsal and posterior margins; dorsal
margin in lateral view regularly rounded from basal indentation to posterior
apex.

Female genitalia—Sixth abdominal segment with ventral posterior margin
very shallowly concave each side of median line; median lobe thus formed very
small. Genital plates not contiguous along entire inner margin, usually diver-
gent from base; length along inner margin less than greatest width; disc of the
plates swollen and polished; posterior margin to subgenital plates concave.
Subgenital plates with apices bluntly acuminate, normally projecting noticeably
beyond posterior margin of dorsal plate, face of each shallowly sulcate basally.
Lateral plates with posterior spines broad, as wide basally as long; inner margin
of each with angulate process contiguous with the genital plates.

Type Material—Holoty pe: Male; Vulcano, Colima, Mexico, L.
Conrad. United States National Museum Cat. No. 56807. A/lo-
type: Female; same data as above. Paratypes—MEXICO—-; 8 as
above; 3, Cuernavaca, Morelos; 1, Cuernavaca, Sept. 1897, O. W.
Barrett; 2, Cuernavaca, August 24, 1930, C.O. Plummer; 1, Cuer-
navaca, March 9, E.G.Smith; 18, Cuernavaca, July 30, 1903, W.
L. Tower; 1, Omeltema, Guerrero, 8,000 ft., July, H. H. Smith;
1, Cajome, Sonora, W. M. Mann; 1, Matamoros, Tamaulipas,
August 12, 1903, W. M. Tower; 1, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Sept.,

116 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

W. M. Tower; 1, Chapala, Jalisco, Sept. 11, 1938, L. j. Lipo-
vsky; 3, Real de Arriba, Temascaltepec, Mex., July 13, 1933,
Hinton and Usinger; 1, Temascaltepec, July 15, 1933, Hinton and
Usinger; 3, Mexico.—ARIZON A—: 4, Santa Cruz River near
Tubac, Oct. 23, 1937, P. W. Oman; 4, Tuscon Mountains, June
18, 1933, R. J. Beamer; 1, Patagonia, August 23, 1937, Drake and
Andre; 3, Patagonia, August 16, 1937, H. M. Harris; 1, Tuscon,
August 1934, C. J. Drake; 2, Nogales, August 23, 1937, Drake
and Andre; 2, Bella Lama, August 13, 1937, Drake and Andre;
Santa Cruz Valley, August 15, 1937, H. M. Harris; 5, Huachuca,
August 8, 1924, E. P. Van Duzee; 4, St. Xavier Mission, Tus-
con, August 12, 1924.

These paratypes are distributed in the following collections:
23, United States National Museum; 10, American Museum
of Natural History; 9, California Academy of Science; 5, Snow
Collection, University of Kansas; 5, Drake Collection; 9,
Harris Collection; 4, Usinger Collection.

Distribution.—As summarized from above, Mexico and south-
ern Arizona.

V ariation.—Judging from the specimens at hand, this species
is very uniform in color and structure. ‘Two specimens from
Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico, have humeral spines closely
resembling those of pugnax but in other regards are normal.

Economic importance—There are no Mexican records of dam-
age by pugnax, the name with which this form has previously
been associated. It is probable that this species is capable of
damaging grasses and cereals in much the same degree as pugnax.
The absence of records of damage probably reflects the lack of
opportunity rather than capacity.

Solubea ypsilon-griseus (DeGeer)
(Pl. 10, figs. 2 and 11)

Cimex ypsilon-griseus DeGeer, 1773, Memoires, vol. 3, p. 333, pl. 31, fig. 9.

“Gryze Gestippelde Wanz” Stoll, 1788, Punaises, p. 84, fig. 144.

Cimex litteratus Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat. (Ed. 13)1: 2148.

Cimex inscriptus Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rhyng., p. 159.

Oebalus ypsilon griseus (DeGeer), Stal, 1862, Stettin Ent. Ztg. 23: 102; 1868,
Hemip. Fabriciana, vol. 1, p. 28; 1870, Enum. Hemip., vol. 2, p. 22.

Oebalus ypsilonoides Berg, 1879, Hemip. Argentina, p. 41; Lethierry and Severin,
1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 125. (New synonomy.)

Oebalus ypsilon-griseus (DeGeer), Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip.,
VOln lips 125: P

Solubea ypsilongriseus (DeGeer), Kirkaldy, 1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 62.

Solubea ypsilonoides (Berg), Kirkaldy, 1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 62.

Readily distinguished from all other species of Solubea except grisescens by
its apparently four-segmented antennae. ‘The second segment is greatly short_
ened and fused to the third. The yellow calloused area on the pronotum usually

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 117

serves to separate this species from grisescens. In some cases positive identifi-
cation requires study of the male genitalia.

Color.—Very similar to pugnax. Differing in having the scutellum with yel-
low calloused marks laterally along basal half and on apex; pronotum with
a small yellow impunctate spot behind inner posterior angle of callus; hemely-
tra without fuscous spot on apex of outer angle; incisures of connexivum each
with a fuscous dot not reaching outer lateral margin, but usually connected by
a rufescent area along inner margin; abdomen usually with three fuscous
vittae, one along median ventral, and one on each lateral line, these varying
much and frequently scarcely evident. Spiracles not infuscated, pale. Geni-
tal plate of female uniformly darkened. Humeral spines usually infuscated.
Antennae yellowish with a slight reddish tinge.

Structure.—Form similar to that of pugnax but with humeral spines directed
outward and slightly forward; body less elongate. Connexivum narrowly
exposed. Antenna with second segment shorter than first and fused to third,
second and third thus often appearing as a single segment.

Length: Male, 8.0-8.75 mm.; female, 8.5-10.0 mm. Width at base of
hemelytra: Male, 3.5-4.0 mm.; female, 4 mm.

Male genitalia.—Hypopygium, as viewed from beneath, concave, and with
a notch each side of median line producing a small truncate median lobe. In-
ferior ridge evident, with a spinose process each side of median line posterior to
claspers, disappearing on posterior margin midway to small infuscated tooth
on dorsal margin of lateral angle. Superior carinae separated anteriorly by a
distance less than length of a carina. Inferior carina oblique, denticulate, as
long as superior. Clasper with ental arm almost spatulate, broadly rounded
apically; ectal arm small, acuminate, almost spinose; greatest width of clasper
one-half overall length; inner surface with a pronounced longitudinal ridge
beginning at base of ental arm. Proctiger elongate, compressed to sutured
dorsomedian line; apex produced to form a laterally flattened process elevated
above dorsal margin and overhanging inferior ridge.

Female genitalia—Sixth abdominal segment with ventral posterior margin
regularly concave. Genital plates polished, each convex, with a concave area
before lateral angle, a few obsolete punctures on disc; inner margins usually
overlapping slightly along basal two-thirds, divergent slightly along apical
third; length of each along inner margin equal to greatest width. Subgenital
plate longitudinally concave along basal half, apex bluntly acuminate and
projecting slightly beyond posterior margin of dorsal plate. Lateral plate
with the posterior spine strongly produced, projecting half overall length of
plate beyond posterior margin of dorsal plate; inner margin rounded, edge
thickened, in contact with genital plate basally.

Type.—Not seen. Should be in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,
Stockholm.

Distribution.—Recorded from Dutch Guiana and Brazil by
Kirkaldy in 1909. Additional records: Montevideo, Uruguay,
March 6, 1940, H. L. Parker; Blairmont Plantation, British
Guiana, H. E. Box; Corumba Matto Grosso, Brazil; Iquitos,
Peru, March 1920, H. S. Parish, (United States National Mu-

118 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

seum). Rio Santiago, Peru, November 27, 1924, H. Bassler;
Upper River Maranon, Peru, October 11, 1924, H. Bassler
(American Museum of Natural History). Horqueta, 45 miles
east, Paraguay, October 12, 1934, A. Schulze (John Lutz col-
lection, Philadelphia, Pa.), Corrientes, Argentina, January
1921, De Carlo; Viscosa, Minas Geraes, Brazil, November
1938, B. I. Snipes (C. Drake collection, Ames, Iowa).
Variation.—The spinose condition of the humeri is not so
stable in this species as in pugnax and mexicana. ‘These spines
are present though varying in size and stance in all the speci-
mens at hand except those from Peru. The male genitalia of
these specimens, however, appear to be identical with those of
the eastern form, and it is doubtful if the western form represents
more than a possible variety. The characteristic marking of
the scutellum is very stable in the specimens at hand.
Economic importance-——No specific records of damage are
known for this species; however, it is probable that some records
attributed to other species actually imvolved this form.

Solubea grisescens, new species
(Pl. 10, figs. 3 and 12)

Very similar to ypstlon-griseus but without spinose humeri, the yellow cal_
oused areas on scutellum not more than narrowly indicated along lateral margin
and apex; second segment of antenna more distinctly separated from third.

Color.—Generally as in ypsilon-griseus. The impunctate spot behind inner
angles of calli may or may not be present. Basal angle of scutellum yellow and
calloused, this area narrowly produced along lateral margin, apex almost
impunctate but not calloused. Abdomen with infuscated vitta along median
ventral line present, indistinct, or absent. Genital plates of female infuscated,
usually lighter along lateral anterior margins. Lateral line of abdomen marked
by infuscated punctures. Incisures of connexivum with a fuscous dot not
reaching outer lateral margin but usually connected by a rufescent area along
inner margin; spiracles pale. Antennae pale with a reddish cast.

Structure —Form similar to that of ypsilon-griseus; elongate, narrow, gradu-
ally tapering posteriorly, abruptly anterior to humeral angles; lateral margin of
pronotum slightly concave; humeri without spines, at most angulate. Antenna
with second segment shorter than first but with suture between it and third
strongly marked. Connexivum narrowly exposed.

Length: Male, 8.5 mm.; female, 10 mm. Width at base of hemelytra, 4 mm.

Male genitalia.—Similar to those of ypsilon-griseus but with tooth on lateral
angle located just below rim on inner surface and not projecting above rim.
Ental arm of clasper broad but with margins narrowly rounded, not edged as in
the related species. Ectal arm projecting at almost a right angle from the
base of the entral arm, apex narrowly rounded and infuscated. Inner surface
of clasper angulate from base of ental arm to base of clasper. Width of clasper
through ectal arm exceeding half overall length through ental arm.

Female genitalia.—Apparently similar in all respects to those of ypsilon-griseus.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 9

Type material—Holotype: Male, Misiones, Argentina, Feb-
ruary 4, 1942, H. L. Parker, United States National Museum
Cat. No. 56808. Allotype: Female, 45 miles east of Horqueta,
Paraguay, October 28, 1933, A. Schulze. Paratypes: 2, above
locality, October 12, 1933 (collection of John C. Lutz, Phila-
delphiastPas): 1 Pe Alegro.sBrazil, April 30; 1934, rice*field;
R.S. Castleman; 1, Rib. Preto est. Sao Paulo, Brazil, November
1936; 1, Ceara, Brazil, F. D. da Rocha (United States National
Museum).

Distribution—Northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern
Brazil. ‘

Economic importance-——No records of injury; however, it
should be noted that one of the specimens listed above is
recorded from a “rice field”’.

Solubea insularis (Stal)
Pl. 10, figs. 5 and 13)

Pentatoma (Mormidea) geographica Guérin-Méneville, Sagra, 1857, Hist. Cuba
Ins., p. 369. (Preoccupied.)

Oebalus insularis Stal, 1872, Enum. Hemip., vol. 2, p. 22; Lethierry and Severin,
1893, Cat. Hemip:, vol. 1, p. 125.

Mormidea guerini Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 123.
(new name for geographica); Barber, 1914, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul.
33 (31): 522; Van Duzee, 1917, Cat. Hemip. N. Amer., p. 39; Blatchley,
1926, Heterop. E. N. Amer., p. 125.

Solubea insularis (St&l), Kirkaldy, 1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 61; Essig, 1928,
Pan-Pacific Ent. 4 (3): 128 (of economic importance; mentions damage in
Mexico); Barber and Bruner, 1932, Jour. Dept. Agr. Puerto Rico 16 (3):
252; Barber, 1939, Sci. Survey, Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, Vol. 14,
Die Pazoy:

This species belongs to a group within the genus Solubea which includes
poecila and ornata. The structure of the genitalia is nearest that of poecila.
It may be recognized readily by the symmetrical development of the arms of
the clasper and the presence of a small tooth on the inner rim of the lateral angle
of the genital cup.

Color—Typical specimens almost uniformly ferruginous; some with areas
in basal angle of scutellum, apex, and on apical quarter of corium calloused,
yellow. These areas noticeably in contrast with general color. Corium with
an impunctate hyaline to light-brown area on median portion of apical fourth.
Connexivum with fuscous spot on each incisure reaching but not including edge
of lateral margin. These spots connected along inner connexival margin by a
rufescent to ferruginous area. Venter of abdomen with or without fuscous spots
near anterior margin of each segment along median line. Spiracles darkened,
never black. Antenna reddish or somewhat infuscated, basal portion of each
segment usually lighter; three basal segments usually with minute fuscous spot
surrounding base of setose hairs. Femora and tibiae of all legs with scattered
conspicuous spots each bearing a setose hair.

120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

Structure.—Less elongate than preceding species. Lateral margin of prono-
tum before humeri very slightly concave, disc strongly declivous before humeri,
these at most acutely angulate. Antenna with second segment as long as or
longer than first. Connexivum narrowly or not at all exposed.

Male genitalia-——Hypopygium as viewed from beneath not concave but
strongly notched each side large semicircular median lobe. Ventral surface
with a shallow concavity at base of median lobe. Inferior ridge evident only
posterior to claspers; bearing a three-sided spine on each side of apex of proc-
tiger, spines with posterior face grooved longitudinally, as long as ventral
length of proctiger apex. Small black tooth on-inner rim of each lateral angle
of genital cup. Superior and inferior carinae parallel, latter not more than half
length of former, never connected at anterior apices by a vertical carina. Clas-
per with ental and ectal arms of about equal length; ental arm bent far more
abruptly than ectal arm posteriorly. Margin between apices of arms sharp
or narrowly rounded, not marked by transverse striations. Width through
apices of arms almost equal to greatest length of clasper. Proctiger with greatest
width less than half greatest length, beveled off sharply each side of sutured
median dorsal longitudinal line to floor of genital cup, dorsal outline strongly
concave; hind margin of apex vertical in lateral view, bearing three carinae, one
on median line and one each side laterally, these converging dorsally to form a
blunt point.

Female genitalia.—Sixth abdominal segment with ventral posterior margin
regularly concave. Genital plates very convex, basal lateral portions appearing
swollen, inner margins slightly overlapping basally and slightly divergent
apically; each with length along inner margin equal to that of posterior margin
and to seven-ninths median ventral length of sixth abdominal segment. Sub-
genital plate almost acute at apex and noticeably produced beyond posterior
margin of dorsal plate. Lateral plate with posterior spine produced beyond
posterior margin of dorsal plate less than half length of inner margin of genital
plate, portion on inner margin broadly rounded before contact with genital
plate, margin thickened.

Type—Not seen. Should be in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,
Stockholm.

Distribution——Recorded by H. G. Barber (1932, 1939) from
Cuba, Mexico, Honduras, Panama, Florida, Colombia, Haiti,
and Puerto Rico. Material studied by the author is from
Cuba, Mexico, and Panama. The Haiti records and that from
Puerto Rico are based on specimens treated here as Solubea
ornata, new species. The Colombian record is based on the —
variety named by Kuhlgatz as Oebalus insularis var. similis
which is treated here as a form of S. poecila (Dallas).

V ariation—As noted above, considerable variation in color
is to be found in this species. Certain specimens show large
yellow calloused areas covering the basal angles of the scutel-
lum and prolonged posteriorly to the apical half, with apex of
scutellum and a spot on the disc of apical fourth also impunctate
and yellow. The existence of numerous intermediate speci-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY; 1944 Pa!

mens as well as a common range of distribution (specimens
showing color pattern are more common from Mexico) would
seem to indicate that this is probably no more than individual
variation. Morphologically the forms appear identical.

Economic importance-—This species was reported by Essig
(1928) as causing considerable damage in rice-growing areas of
Mexico.

Solubea poecila (Dallas), new combination
(Pl. 10, fig. 15)

Surinaamsche Vlieg-Wantz Stoll, 1788, Cigates et des Punaises: 55, pl. 17, fig.
118. (Not binomial).

Mormidea poecila Dallas, 1851, List Hemip. Brit. Mus., p. 213 (does not
describe but refers to Stoll’s description and figure); Walker, 1867, Cat.
Hemip., vol. 2, p. 253 (North America; probably an erroneous record);
Stal, 1872, Enum. Hemip., vol. 2, p. 20; Berg, 1879, Hemip. Argentina, p.
38; Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 124; Kirkaldy,
1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 60.

Oebalus rufescens Haglung, 1868, Stettin Ent. Ztg. 29: 155; Stal, 1872, Enum.
Hemip., vol. 2, p. 22; Lethierry and Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1,
p. 125. (New synonymy.)

Mormidea exigua Berg, 1891, Ann. Soc. Cient. Arg. 32: 239; Lethierry and
Severin, 1893, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p. 123; Kirkaldy, 1909, Cat. Hemip.,
vol. 1, p. 60. (New synonymy.)

Oebalus insularis variety similis Kuhlgatz, 1902, Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 47: 253;
Kirkaldy, 1909, Cat. Hemip., vol. 1, p.61. (New synonymy.)

Economic Literature on Solubea poecila (Dallas)

1919 Mormidea ypsilon, Reyne (not L.), Verslag. van den Entomoloog Suri-
name, p. ? (not seen).

1921 Mormidea ypsilon, Reyne (not L.), Verslag. van den Entomoloog Suri-
name, p. ? (not seen).

1923 Mormidea poecila, Rpt. Brit. Guiana Dept. Sci. Agr. for 1922, p. 37.

1923 Mormidea poecila, Moreira, Almanak Agr. Brasileiro, pp. 193-194, Sado
Paulo.

1926 Mormidea poecila, Cleare, Rpt. Brit. Guiana Dept. Sci. Agr. for 1925, p.
65.

1928 Mormidea poecila, Cleare, Brit. Guiana Dept. Agr., Agr. Jour. Brit. Guiana
1: 154.

1930 Mormidea poecila, Cleare, Rpt. Director Agr., Brit. Guiana, for 1929, p.
16.

1934 Mormidea poecila, Squire, Brit. Guiana Dept. Agr., Agr. Jour. Brit. Guiana
5:[245]-252, fig. 1, 3 tables. (A comprehensive work concerning the biology
and habits.)

1935 Mormidea poecila, Costa Lima, Ferreira and Reiniger, O Campo 6 (1):
61-63. (Habits and injury to rice in Brazil.)

122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

1935 Mormidea poecila, Costa Lima, O Campo 6 (2): 10, fig. 5. (Study of 2 micro-
hymenopterous parasites of.)

1935 Mormidea poecila, Costa Lima, O Campo 6 (6): 22-23. (A new internal
parasite of.)

1935 Mormidea poecila, Squire, Rpt. Director Agr., Brit. Guiana, for 1934, p.
32, 2 figs.. (Review of literature.)

1941 Mormidea exigua, Costa Lima, Insectos do Brasil, vol. 2, p. 57, fig. on p. 62.

This species is most closely related to Solubea insularis and to S. ornata. The
typical form may be recognized from the former by the presence of pronounced
humeral spines and from the latter by the presence of small infuscated spots on
the hind tibiae. The atypical forms show a reduction of the humeral spines
and tend to be concolorous, thus resembling insularis and making it necessary
to examine the genitalia for a positive identification. It should also be noted
that certain color phases of this species superficially resemble Mormidea ypsilon
(L.) very closely.

Color.—Ranges from ferruginous to dark castaneous dorsally. ‘The dark
(typical) form bears a large reniform, yellow calloused spot on declivity of
pronotum each side of median line, lateral margin yellow. Scutellum with a
large, strongly calloused, yellow reniform area on each side of basal half, apex
also impunctate and yellow; a yellow rectangular spot on disc of apical fourth
of corium. In the specimens at hand a definite correlation is to be noticed
between color and development of calloused areas. The lightest specimens
show least development of these areas. Venter usually darker in females than
in males. Typical form with thorax, except coxal enlargements and posterior
lateral angles of meso- and meta-thorax, black. Abomen with incisures of
connexivum, lateral line, median line, and intersegmental sutures black. From
this extreme there is graduation to the light form where the venter is yellow
with scattered rufescent punctures, these most numerous along the median
line. Incisures of connexivum and apex of female genital plates always infus-
cated. Spiracles pale. Legs of all phases reddish; area around base of scattered
setose hairs, particularly of tibiae, fuscous. Antenna with third and fourth
segments infuscated on apical two-thirds, first often infuscated laterally; other-
wise usually pale.

Structure.—Form elongate oval. Dorsum moderately convex. Pronotum
strongly declivous before humeral angles; lateral margins slightly concave,
more so in specimens with strongly developed humeral spines. Second seg-
ment of antenna longer than first.

Length: Male, 6.9-8.3 mm.; female, 7.4-9.5 mm. Width at base of hemely-
tra: Male, 3.4-3.8; female, 3.7-4.0 mm.

Male genitalia.—Hypopygium as viewed from beneath not concave; a strong
median lobe describing an incomplete semicircle on hind margin, somewhat
impressed on each side of lobe. Inferior ridge strongly developed posterior to
claspers, produced into a strong spinose process on each side of apex of proctiger,
these sulcate on posterior face. Dorsal surface of lip with a longitudinal carina
along median line ending at base of median posterior lobe. Lateral angle of
genital cup without tooth. Superior carina curved downwardly at anterior
apex to meet and surpass the anterior apex of the otherwise parallel inferior

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 3

carina. Inferior carina one-half length of superior. Clasper with ental arm
more developed than ectal, both triangular, the former more broadly so; apical
margin fuscous, flattened, roughened and usually appearing minutely striate;
outline in lateral view straight to base of upcurved ectal arm. Proctiger with
greatest width less than half greatest length, dorsal apex of basal attachment in
contact with rim of genital cup; strongly flattened laterally to median line,
which is sutured from base to apical process; outline of dorsal margin in lateral
view straight to base of apical process; this process prominent, obtusely angu-
late to rounded lobe; in normal resting position hind margin vertical along
median line.

Female genitalia.—Sixth ventral abdominal segment with ventral posterior
margin regularly concave. Genital plates each with disc convex but not
swollen, a concavity on posterior portion before the lateral angles; inner margins
contiguous, slightly divergent at apices, hind margins to subgenital plates
straight. Subgenital plates bluntly acuminate, projecting noticeably beyond
dorsal plate; inner margins strongly curved, outer straight. Lateral plates
spinose posteriorly but varying considerably in degree; inner margins almost
straight, each contiguous with genital plates only at apex of basal angle.

Type.—lf extant, location unknown.

Distribution.—Published records include Colombia, the
Guianas, Brazil, and northern Argentina. Additional records
are Reyes, Bolivia, October 1921, W. M. Mann; Ixiamas, Bo-
livia, December 1921, W. M. Mann; Ivon Beni, Bolivia,
February 1922, W. M. Mann; Guayaquil, Ecaudor, 1941,
C. L. Fagan; San Fernando, Trinidad (rice field); Misiones,
Argentina, February 4, 1942, H. L. Parker; Province of Santa
Fe, Argentina (United States National Museum). Horqueta,
Paraguay, 57° 10’’ W.—23° 24” N., January 13, 1941, Alberto
Schulze (John Lutz collection).

In 1851 Dallas recorded one specimen of this species in the
British Museum “presented by M. Serville’ as from “N.
America.” ‘There is in the United States National Museum
collection a single specimen of this species originally determined
by Signoret, the label being in his handwriting and also bearing
“Amy. & Ser.” and locality, “United States.” It seems likely
that this specimen was a part of the same original series as the
specimen treated by Dallas, and in view of the present distri-
butional records for the species the locality record of that
series is in error.

Variation.—Solubea poecila is an extremely variable species
showing considerable differences in color and degree of develop-
ment of the humeral spines within a series from a given locality.
The darkest form, which also shows the greatest development
of the humeral spines, is predominant along the eastern coastal
region of Brazil and the Guianas. This form superficially
resembles S. ornata very closely. ‘The lighter form showing

less spinose development of the humeri was described by

124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

Kuhlgatz as insularis variety similis. In color and shape it
does resemble insularis closely; however, the structure of the
genitalia of both sexes associates the form with poecila. The
specimens from Ecuador and Bolivia belong here, though
some individuals approach the eastern or typical form very
closely. The uniformity of genital structure throughout the
range and the individual variation noted in series from given
localities make it impossible to recognize any constant sub-
specific category.

Economic importance.—As indicated in the bibliography of
this species, it is of considerable importance, particularly in
the rice-growing sections of the Guianas and Brazil. It is said
by Squire (1934, British Guiana) that the outbreaks of the
insect are often spectacular and destructive but that the
damage varies greatly from year to year and in different locali-
ties. He further states that “‘attacks are apt to be sudden,

acute and localized, and are perhaps best explained as origin-
ating as invasions from over-populated grasslands which form
the insects’ normal habitat...the outbreak generally subsides
and peters out completely in 2 or 3 weeks. In the meantime
the toll taken is considerable and in severe cases a total loss
of grain results.’ A chalcid egg parasite is considered by
Squire as one of the important factors in control.

Solubea ornata, new species
(Pl. 10, fig. 6 and 14)

Solubea querini, Wolcott, 1936, Insectae Borinquenses, Puerto Rico Univ. .
Jour. Agr. 20(1): 175.

Solubea insularis, Barber, 1932, Jour. Dept. Agr. of Puerto Rico 16 (3): 252
(record for Haiti); Barber, 1939, Sci. Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Islands
[4 spt. 3, Ds 2o2-

Very closely related to poecila and similar in color to the typical form of that
species, but without strongly spinose humeri. Most striking characteristic is
the flattening of the ectal arm at right angles to the apical margin of the male
clasper.

Color.—Dorsum dark ferruginous with large reniform area covering each
basal angle of scutellum, apex of scutellum, and spot on apical fourth of corium
yellow and calloused. Declivity of pronotum usually paler than posterior
portion, typically not exhibiting calloused areas. Underside of abdomen lighter
in males than females. Males usually with only ostiolar area, spot laterally on
prostethus behind eye, and mesosternum infuscated. Female with pleural
tergites, mesosternum, incisures of abdomen including connexivum, lateral
line, median ventral line, and median apical area of genital plates fuscous. Spir-
acles pale. Antennae pale, fourth and fifth segments reddish. Legs pale with
scattered fuscous setigerous spots on femora and tibiae; these spots absent or
much reduced on hind tibiae, never so conspicuous as those on fore tibiae.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 25

Structure.—Form elongate oval. Dorsum moderately convex. Pronotum
strongly declivous before acute humeral angles, lateral margins slightly concave.
Antennae with second antennal segment longer than first. Connexivum nar-
rowly or not at all exposed.

Length: Male, 7.8-9.0; female, 8.5-9.7 mm. Width at base of hemelytra:
Male, 3.7—4.0; female, 4.0-4.2 mm.

Male genitalia——Hypopygium, as viewed from beneath, with hind margin
slightly concave but concavity largely filled by the large median semicircular
lobe, ventral surface shallowly concave before lobe. Inferior ridge strongly
developed posterior to the claspers, produced into a strong spinose process each
side of proctiger. These spines each strongly sulcate through apex on posterior
surface, equal in length to dorsoventral length of proctiger apex. Dorsal
surface of lip with median portion longitudinally, gradually raised to interior
ridge. Lateral angles of genital cup without teeth. Superior carina heavy,
coarsely and bluntly denticulate, overall length equal to apical margin of clasper,
gradually curved downward anteriorly to surpass inferior carina. ‘The latter
with length equal to two-thirds the length of former. Clasper with ental arm
more strongly developed than ectal; ental arm triangular in side view; apex
acute, a curved carina running along inner surface from apex to base of clasper;
ectal arm flattened at right angles to apical margin of clasper; dorsal margin of
ental arm flat and minutely striate. Both this margin and ectal arm infuscated.
Proctiger with greatest width equal to less than half greatest length; dorsal
apex of basal attachment not in contact with dorsal rim of genital cup, strongly
flattened laterally to median dorsal line, which is sutured from base to apical
process; outline of dorsal margin in side view straight to base of apical process;
apical process angulate with hind margin vertical, and strongly flattened
laterally.

Female genitalia—Sixth ventral abdominal segment with ventral posterior
margin regularly concave. Genital plates each with disc convex but not
swollen; inner margins contiguous, slightly divergent both at bases and apices.
Subgenital plate narrowly rounded at apex, projecting noticeably beyond dorsal
plate, inner margin broadly rounded, outer straight; face longitudinally sulcate
at base. Lateral plate with posterior spine about one-third overall ventral
length; inner margin almost straight, contiguous with genital plate only at
apex of basal-angle.

Type material—Holotype: Male, Hormigueros, Puerto Rico,
October 11, 1943, J. Brunet; feeding on rice in the milk stage;
United States National Museum Cat. No. 56809. /lotype:
Female, same data. Paratypes: 69, same data. (This series
was forwarded for identification to the Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine by Mr. Harold Plank of the Department
of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations); 11, San Domingo,
injuring grass seed and rice, J. M. Stanton; 9, San Francisco,
Santo Domingo, September 15, A. Busck; 1, Santo Domingo,
August, A. Busck; 1, St Mare; Haiti, May 21,°1925, G:uN.
Wolcott; 1, Letrou, Haiti, September 22, 1925; 10, Santo
Domingo, May (Uhler collection); 2, Santo Cristobal, Santo

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

Domingo, July 26, 1917, H. Morrison (United States National
Museum). 17, Sanchez, Santo Domingo, May 15-17, 1921
(American Museum of Natural History).

Distribution.—According to the known records as cited above,
this species is limited to the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto
Rico. Three additional specimens are in the United States
National Museum collection bearing the label Cali, Colombia,
W. F. H. Rosenburg. These specimens are typical in every
respect, and since there are no specimens known from inter-
vening islands or localities the probability that the Colombia
specimens are mislabeled seems likely.

Variation.—Color and shape of the humeri are remarkably
uniform in the specimens at hand.

Economic importance.—There are no published records of
injury by this species; however, as noted above, two records,
one in Santo Domingo and the other in Puerto Rico, indicate
that any increase in the production of rice in these islands
will involve an increased importance of this species as a pest
of economic importance.

Solubea linki (Heidemann)
(Pl. 10, fig. 10)

Mormidea linki Heidemann, 1917, Carnegie Mus. Ann. 11: 351-352.
Solubea linki (Heidemann), Barber and Bruner, 1932, Puerto Rico Dept. Agr.
Jour. 161@)-253:

This species differs markedly from the other species of the genus; however, as
already pointed out by Barber and Bruner, it undoubtedly belongs in Solubea.
The length of the bucculae and the genital structure of both sexes confirm this
conclusion. It is readily distinguished from the other species by its small size
and short scutellum.

Color.—Light yellowish, marked with rufescent to black punctures. Black
punctures on head forming two vittae which are continued on pronotum.
Humeral spines black, when present. Scutellum with strongly elevated, yellow,
calloused areas on each side parallel with lateral margin from base to apical
fourth; apex impunctate or nearly so and with lateral elevations forming a
prominent V mark. Median line of scutellum and pronotum pale. Apex and
inner angle of corium fuscous. Corium and disc of scutellum at each side of
median line often castaneous. Connexivum pale except on infuscated apex of
sixth abdominal tergite. Lateral plates of female with posterior spines black at
apex and along inner margins. Abdomen with spiracles black, lateral line infus-
cated, median ventral line not marked, or indicated by fuscous spots at anterior
margin of sclerite only. Thorax with conspicuous black spot on each coxal
enlargement. Legs and antennae pale, with numerous fuscous punctures,
fourth and fifth segments of antennae usually darker and without fuscous
setigerous spots.

Structure.—Elongate oval, abdomen tapering gradually posteriorly. Dorsum
convex. Pronotum with lateral margin strongly concave before humeral angles.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 127

These angles spined or angulate. Spines when present directed forward and
outward. Calli elevated, causing anterior portion of pronotum to appear trans-
versely impressed. Antenna with second segment longer than the first. Scu-
tellum with width at base equal to length.

Length: Male, 5.5-6.5 mm.; female, 6.0-7.0 mm. Width at base of hem-
elytra: Male, 2.8; female, 3.1 mm.

Male genitalia.—Hypopygium as viewed from beneath with hind margin
concave; median lobe of hind margin small, strongly concave on ventral surface.
Inferior ridge evident as a flattened triangular spinose process each side of
apex of proctiger posterior to base of clasper, length of this spine barely exceed-
ing one-half apical breadth of proctiger. Genital cup shallower than in any
other known species of the genus. Lateral angles broadly rounded and without
teeth. Length of superior carina equal to distance between apices of clasper
arms; inferior carina equal to one-half length of superior carina, located twice
its length below superior carina in oblique position. Clasper with ental arm
strongly developed and spatulate at apex; ectal arm flattened ar right angles to
dorsal margin of ental arm and curved outwardly; apical margin of clasper in
side view concave along ental arm and sharply impressed before base of ectal
arm; face of clasper with a strong carina from base to apical half of ental arm;
surface longitudinally striate from carina to curve of ectal arm. Anterior
surface of flattened portion of ectal arm with minute transverse striations.
Proctiger with basal third of dorsal surface flattened, bearing strongly elevated
carinae laterally; constricted to apical third, tricarinate over apex, median cari-
nae very prominent and extending back to basal half, lateral carinae more promi-
nent on apex. Outline of dorsal margin in side view straight to apex, where it
curves sharply downward. Apex with breadth equal to depth.

Female genitalia.—Sixth ventral segment of abdomen with posterior margin
concave, somewhat flattened medially. Genital plates swollen along posterior
margins, concave or creased before the lateral angle; contiguous, slightly over-
lapping basally. Subgenital plate triangular, narrowly rounded apically and
deeply sulcate on basal third. Lateral plate with posterior spine moderately
elongate; inner margin rounded to obtusely angulate at point of contact wit
genital plate. One-fourth of genital plate in contact with lateral plate.

Type material.—Eight cotypes, Isle of Pines. In Carnegie
Museum.

Distribution —Cuba and the Isle of Pines.

Variation—The specimens at hand show considerable
variation in size and development of humeral spines. Certain
specimens exhibit pronounced humeral spines while the humeri
of others are not more than acute or even obtusely angulate.

Economic importance——There are no records of injury by
this species.

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

NEW APTEROUS ARADIDAE FROM THE WESTERN HEMI-
SPHERE (Hemiptera)

By H. M. Harris and C. J. Drake, Ames, Iowa.

The discovery of several species of wingless Aradidae in the
western Hemisphere adds to the complexity of the family,
particularly as it relates to generic kinships. The forms
described below belong to the Mezirinae, and because of their
peculiar structural features can not be assigned to any existing
genera. ‘The types are in the authors’ collections.

ACARICORIS, new genus

Apterous, obovate, almost naked, shiny, strongly rugose, the rugae irregular
and mostly longitudinal. Head subequally as long as broad, deeply grooved
above, strongly narrowed behind eyes, the sides rough, but without post-ocular
spines. Eyes exserted. Tylus moderately long, narrow. Jugae moderately
slender, surpassing tylus, their tips bluntly pointed, slightly divaricating.
Antenniferous tubercles stout, faintly divaricating, somewhat inflated beneath,
their tips blunt. Antennae moderately stout, not quite twice as long as head,
practically nude, minutely granulate, first segment longest and stoutest, slightly
curved, second half as long as first, third slenderest, fourth enlarged distally, its
apex with fine hairs. Rostrum not reaching base of head, its sulcus wide, shal-
low, with lateral edges and posterior end carinate. Thorax with indistinct
separation between metanotum and abdomen, in front wider than head, the
anterior angles rounded, gradually widened backwards, with only slight marginal
indentations at the segmental junctures; pronotum with a fine collar, the pos-
terior margin sinuate, its middle with a deep notch into which projects an angu-
lar prominence on front of mesonotum. Wing pads and triangular scutellum
entirely absent. Legs wide apart, short, moderately stout, almost naked, the
femora slightly granulate, unarmed. Connexivum wide, without conspicuous
lateral expansions, separated from abdomen above and beneath by a distinct
groove. Stigmata located along lateral margin, being placed progressively
nearer the edge until the last two or three are in the margin and visible from
above. Abdomen with disc arched above and beneath.

Genotype: Acaricoris ignotus, n. sp.

In body shape, somewhat suggestive of Emydocoris Usinger
but markedly different in the characters of the head and
antennae, the surface sculpture and in the location of the
spiracles.

Acaricoris ignotus, new species

ue

~

Small, ferrugineous-brown, shiny, almost naked. Head brown, about™4S
long as broad (32:33), faintly widened in front of eyes, strongly, somewhat
roundly narrowed behind eyes, the tip distinctly notched. Antennae brownish-
black, segment I constricted at base, surpassing tylus by half its own length;
proportional length of the segments, 16:8:14:13. Rostrum brownish. ‘Thorax
broader than long, strongly rugose, raised laterally, the mesonotum and meta-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 129

notum with a median triangular raised area whose apex is at base of pronotum,
Abdomen above with a raised blackish area near middle. Connexival segments
(and abdomen above, though less distinctly so) with indications of the ringlike
impressions evident on some other genera. Legs dark brown, the tibiae paler.
Genital plates large, quadrangular.

Length, 3.90. Width, 1.9 mm, (abdomen) 2.0 mm.

Holotype-—Female, Winfield, Kisatche Forest, Louisiana,
July 13, 1943, V. E. Shelford.

This is the first record of the occurrence of an apterous
mezirine aradid in the United States. The species is unique
in its evenly rounded ovate body, and at first glance has much
the facies of an unfed tick.

GLYPTOCORIS, new genus

Apterous, oblong-oval, naked, shiny, with prominent elevations and pits
above, the lateral edges and some of the elevations granulose. Head subquad-
rate, the post-ocular part very coarsely granulate. Tylus raised, narrow.
Jugae narrow, slightly surpassing tylus, and slightly divaricating so that apex
of head is notched. Antenniferous tubercules very stout, somewhat bulbous
at base beneath, their tips blunt. Antennae not twice as long as head, rather
stout, slightly granulate, first segment stoutest, curved, exceeding jugae by half
its own length, second slightly enlarged distally, third slender, longest, fourth
clavate, slightly longer than second, its apex narrowed and prominently setose.
Rostrum short, the sulcus wide, shallow, with raised margins laterally and pos-
teriorly. Thorax broader than long, with the segments sharply delimited, the
lateral edges with small projections; pronotum in front wider than head, with
prominent collar, the disc with a conspicuous excavation behind; mesonotum
and metanotum with a granular median longitudinal prominence.

Legs widely separated, short, stout, the femora unarmed. Connexivum and
abdomen, above and beneath, with a complicated pattern of elevations and
depressions, the connexivum distinctly marked off. Stigmata laterad as in
Acaricoris, n. genus. Male genital segment swollen above, suggestive of
Mexira.

Genoty pe.—Gly ptocoris sejunctus, n. sp.

Similar to Acaricoris new genus, in position of spiracles,
but differing in body form, sculpture, antennal proportions,
and in the subquadrate head.

Glyptocoris sejunctus, new species

Brownish-black, oblong-oval. Head subquadrate, rugose, slightly widened
behind eyes, thence moderately roundly narrowed posteriorly; jugae projecting
a little beyond tylus, rounded, the tips turned outward, not quite reaching
middle of first segment of antennae. Antenniferous tubercles prominent,
directed outwardly, terminating in blunt points. Antennae moderately stout,
brownish, segment I very stout, bowed; II widened toward apex; III slender,
sub-cylindrical; IV sub-clavate, with long hairs on distal half; proportions,

130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

17:12:22:14. Rostrum short, brownish, not reaching the end of the wide sulcus;
the sulcus with lateral edges and apex carinate.

Thorax widest at base, about one and one-half times as broad as long at mid-
line, the sides scalloped, with short prominences; pronotum slightly longer
than mesonotum, slightly elevated laterally, deeply narrowly excavated at
middle behind; mesonotum and metanotum broadly elevated down the middle,
with the median line sunken as a longitudinal groove. Abdomen above with
three disc-like impressions on each side, connexivum with four shallower, but
somewhat similar impressions; disc of abdomen with a very large, dark eleva-
tion near the center, this prominence somewhat impressed behind its summit.

Prosternum carinate along median line, mesosternum with a distinctly im-
pressed area at the middle, metasternum with a similar but larger area. Abdo-
men beneath with smooth, flattened areas along the median line, the sixth seg-
ment with a somewhat obovate, raised area on each side. Legs moderately
stout, rather short, brown, finely granulate. Genital segment blackish, swollen
above.

Length, 4.50 mm. Width, 2.10 mm.

Holotype-—Male, Nova Teutonia, Brazil, Fritz Plaumann,
collector.

This species has the post-ocular part of head more nearly
like Emydocoris testudinatus Usinger than either of the other
species.

ERETMOCORIS, new genus

Apterous, elongate-oval, shiny, the appendages and lateral margins setose,
Head subequally as long as broad, faintly widened in front of eyes, strongly
obliquely narrowed behind the eyes. Tylus high, narrow. Jugae slender,
pointed, protruding beyond tip of tylus. Antenniferous tubercles rather
stout, narrowed apically. Antennae moderately stout, first segment longest
and stoutest, curved, projecting one-half its length beyond tip of jugae, second
and third subequal in thickness and in length, fourth a little stouter and a little
longer than third. Rostral sulcus very wide and shallow, its edges raised but
not as incrassate as in related genera. Thorax with median ridge less pro-
nounced than in related genera, the lateral edge sinuate, with projections, the
pronotum distinct, the metanotum and first abdominal segment apparently
fused. Legs short, stout, conspicuously setose, the setae short, bristly. Con-
nexivum sharply marked off, slightly narrowed from base to middle, the edge
somewhat sinuate, the apical segments prominently expanded laterally. Stig-
mata marginal in position, the posterior ones visible from above. Male genital
capsule bulbous.

Genoty pe.—Eretmocorts tatet, n. sp.

Related to Acaricoris, n. genus in the position of the stig-
mata and the narrowed post-ocular part of head, but distinct
by virtue of the expanded lateral margins, the bristly setose
antennae and legs, the different nature of tylus, jugae, and
sculpture.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 131

Eretmocoris tatei, new species ’

Small, reddish brown, oblong-ovate. Head ridged, subequally as long as
broad, strongly narrowed behind eyes; tylus long, narrow; jugae projecting in
front of tylus, faintly divaricating. Antenniferous tubercles very prominent,
divaricating, terminating in blunt points. Eyes moderately large, exserted.
Rostrum short, brown, the sulcus very broad, shallow. Antennae rather stout,
beset with bristly hairs, segment I stout, thickest beyond middle, faintly bowed,
II and III subequal in thickness, IV stouter than III, thickest a little before
apex; proportions, 24:11:13:15.

Thorax rugose, wider than long, ridged down the middle, with a median im-
pressed line; prothorax shorter than mesothorax; meso- and metathorax pro-
gressively widened backwards. Abdomen with connexivum moderately raised
outwardly, the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments with small lateral projections,
the last named largest. Legs moderately stout, dark brown, beset with numer-
ous, short bristly hairs. Body beneath reddish brown. Genital segments
large, rounded above.

Length, 3.40 mm. Width, 1.55 mm.

Holotype-—Male, Lares, Puerto Rico, May 26, 1937, H. D.
Tate, collector.

Key to AMERICAN GENERA OF ApTEROUS ARADIDAE

1. Stigmata marginal or submarginal in position, located at or in lateral
edge olsconnexivalisepments erica est aet aati aera ie aera ae 3
Stigmata located at or near middle of connexival segments, far re-
moved tromeplateralvedgea se). Jem see nee se Says acts eae 2
2. Head subquadrate, with large subangular lobes behind the eyes.
Body surface entirely naked. Connexival segments not produced
Emydocoris Usinger
Head subtriangular, strongly narrowed behind eyes. Body surface
clothed with short, appressed hairs. At least some of connexival
segments strongly laterally produced into distinct lobes.
Notoplocoris Usinger
3. Head subquadrate, with flattened, granular lobes behind eyes.
Pronotum with front margin strongly excised each side of the well-
developed collar. Metanotum not fused with first abdominal
SE PIMC ee yd Ne wernt. Serene CuO Eretmocoris, new genus
Head subtriangular, strongly, obliquely narrowed behind eyes. Pro-
notal collar not sharply marked off. Metanotum and first abdomi-
nal segment apparently not distinctly separate...................... 4
4. Form ovate, the margins rather evenly rounded and not conspicu-
ously notched or lobulate. Surface conspicuously rugose. Legs
and antennae practically naked, only with the very finest pubescence
Acaricoris, n. genus
Form oblong-ovate, the lateral margins conspicuously undulate, with
distinct notches and lobulate projections. Surface sculptured with
irregular depressions. Legs and antennae clothed with conspicuous
shart: bristlyaltaires «sof: sonst eat 2 ei onidseyes.s Eretmocoris, n. genus

132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

: List or ApTERouS AMERICAN ARADIDAE
Ls, Notoplocoris-montes, Usinger 1941. 2052. eae aoe eee eee Brazil
2.. Noteplocoris potentis D78a04., L944: Sh S32 te eee ee oats ce eee Brazil
3: “Emydocoris testudinatus Wsinger, 1941 ater. = eee ns cle Brazil
AN ale gRoem Uebouns lalj ee ID)-n AN) Vos sedecsnahasboadsebucgdoboD oe Louisiana
5: \Glyptocoris sejunctus Ws SoDE, nisps-...ca is aes oa eee eee Brazil
6, Jbieaanocarms raiee, Mla eo IDs Meio goed coco cccedogdosacdo bcos Puerto Rico

A CORRECTION IN ANOPHELINE NOMENCLATURE!
(Diptera : Culicidae)

By Kennetu L. Knicut, Lieutenant, H-V(S), USNR? and
D. S. Farner, Lieutenant (jg), H-V(S), USNR?

A study of the literature and of recently collected specimens
from Melanesia reveals that the name of the anopheline here-
tofore treated as Anopheles punctulatus moluccensis (Sw. and
Sw. de Graaf), at least for material from the New Hebrides,
must be corrected. The following synonymy shows the
necessity of designating this subspecies as Anopheles punctulatus
farauti Laveran because of priority.

1902. Anopheles Farauti Laveran, C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris 54:908 (@ 9 only),
Type locality: Faureville, Ile Vaté [Efate], New Hebrides. Type ma-
terial: present location unknown. Pertinent descriptive facts:
“Coloration générale brun foncé, noirAtre. Téte: Ecailles brunatres,
courtes 4 la nuque. Proboscide de méme longeur que les palpes,
blanchAtre a l’extremite apicale [labella].”’ [General coloration dark
brown, blackish. Head: scales brownish, short on the nape. Proboscis
of the same length as the palpi, whitish at the apical extremity.]

1920. Nyssorhynchus annulipes var. moluccensis Swellengrebel and Swellen-
grebel de Graaf, Geneesk. Tijd. Ned.-Ind. 60(1):29. [Received in USNM
Library, June 8, 1920] (1 and 9 9). Type locality: None given,
but the following collection localities are listed: Boeroe (Lisela, Nam-
lea), Amboina (Roemah tiga, north coast of Binnenbaai, Gelala, Paso
and Ambon), Ceram (Piroe, Boelabaai, and Amahei), Halmaheira

1 The authors wish to thank Dr. Alan Stone, Division of Insect Identification,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, for his helpful suggestions and for his as-
sistance.

2U. S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Division of Research, Bureau
of Medicine and Surgery.

3Section of Epidemiology, Division of Preventive Medicine, Bureau of
Medicine and Surgery.

4'The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not
to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department, or
of the Naval Service at large.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944 133

(Gita and Maidi), Ternate, Batjan (Laboeha), Sanana and Bandaneira
in the Moluccas; and Kokas and Kaimana in Dutch New Guinea.
Type material: present location unknown. Pertinent descriptive
facts: ‘Proboscis zwartbruin, oliva geelbruin...Nog doet de vraag zich
voor of deze vorm mogelijk identiek is met D6nitz’ punctulata, maar
dit denk beeld moet door de eenkleurigheid der proboscis van de eerste
[moluccensis| verworpen worden.” [Proboscis dark brown, labella yellowish
brown...Further, there is the question whether this form is possibly
identical with punctulata Donitz; however, this idea must be discarded
because of the unicolorous proboscis of the former.|

1921. Anopheles punctulatus var. moluccensis (Swellengrebrel). Edwards,
Bull. Ent. Res. 12(1):71. Variety not fully accepted, but no strict
synonymy indicated. Species association changed.

1924. Anopheles (Myzomyia) punctulatus Donitz. Edwards, Bull. Ent. Res.
14(4) :354 [Type form]. Obvious error, in which he somehow reversed
the concept of the subspecies, i.e. describes punctulatus (type form) as
having a dark proboscis.

1927. Anopheles (Myzomyia) punctulatus Doénitz. Buxton and Hopkins,
Res. in Polynesia and Melanesia, pp.67—74. Mistaken identification of
material from New Hebrides, resulting from following Edwards, 1924.

Only specimens with entirely dark probosces (excluding
the labella) were found during the course of over a year’s
collecting in the coastal areas of the islands of Efate and
Espiritu Santo (along with one collection from Port Sandwich,
Mallekula Island) in the New Hebrides group by the senior
author. There is, of course, the possibility of the introduction
at any time of another anopheline species or subspecies.

Further research is necessary before it can be definitely
decided whether the New Hebridean farauti is identical with
moluccensis of the Moluccas and the remainder of Melanesia,
although this seems quite probable. All material (several
hundred specimens) seen to date from the Solomons and from
eastern New Guinea would indicate this. However, de Rook
(Geneesk. Tijd. Ned.—Ind. 64: 642-656. 1924) indicates that a
considerable amount of variation in the color of the proboscis
exists in western New Guinea where most of the females deter-
mined by him as moluccensis have a ventral pale area on the
apical quarter of the proboscis. Consequently, because of de
Rook’s investigations, and in the absence of material from
the Moluccas and western New Guinea, we are unwilling to
synonymize the moluccensis of the Dutch entomologists with
farautt.

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

MINUTES OF THE 544th REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
MARCH 2, 1944

The 544th regular meeting of the Society was held in Room 43 of the National
Museum on Thursday, March 2, 1944, at8 P.M. Vice President Poos presided
and there were 19 members and 14 visitors present. The minutes of the pre-
vious meeting were read and corrections made.

The following new members were elected:

Mr. Edson J. Hambleton, Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations, U. S.

Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Dr. Theodore K. Just, Librarian and Editor, Lloyd Library and Museum
Cincinnati, Ohio.

Lt. Kenneth L. Knight, United States Navy.

Mr. William E. Simonds, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine ,
California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento, Calif.

Dr. Roger C. Smith, Prof. of Entomology, Kansas State College, Man-
hattan, Kansas.

Dr. Townes stated that cockroaches always have the left wing folded on top
of the right wing. In a check of the Museum specimens this was found to be
true for all species. It is more than a habit since the wings fold perfectly
flat only in that position, owing to the presence on the right wing of a diagonal
groove which accommodates the costal margin of the left. Also the color pat-
tern of the front wings is not symmetrical when folded unless the left wing is on
top. A study of other Orthoptera showed that the same left-over-right method
of wing folding occurs in the long-horned grasshoppers and the Dermaptera.
There was no regularity among the mantids, the short-horned grasshoppers,
or the crickets. Specimens were exhibited.

The first paper on the regular program was given by W. A. Baker and was
entitled: Colonization of European Corn-Borer Parasites.

Imported parasites of the European corn borer were first released in the
United States in 1920. With the increase in distribution and abundance of
the borer the program was expanded in 1929. At the present time parasite
releases have been made in all but 4 of the States known to be infested by the
borer. ‘Twenty two species have been imported and released and 6 are known
to be established in this country. Foreign importations, laboratory breeding,
and domestic collections have all been used as sources of colonization material.
Distribution to the field from central laboratories has been made most effectively
by railway express, packing the adult parasites in insulated iced containers.
Three of the 6 established species occur in abundance, Ludella grisescens along
the Atlantic Coast, particularly in central New Jersey, and in proximity to the
lake marsh environment on the western end of Lake Erie; Inareolata punctoria
in the Connecticut River Valley in Connecticut; and Macrocentrus gifwensis in -
southeastern New England. Of the other 3 species, Chelonus annulipes is found
south of Boston, Mass., Phaeogenes nigridens occurs north of Boston, and
Eulophus viridulus is generally distributed in small numbers over the greater
portion of Ohio. Factors involved in non-establishment of other species are
general environmental resistance, lack of synchronization of seasonal develop-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1943 135

ment of host and parasite, lack of alternate hosts, and physiological incom-
patibility of host and parasite. Associated with recent and widespread increases
in abundance and distribution of the borer, the parasite program is again
being expanded in cooperation with many of the affected States, depending
largely on domestic collections of parasites about the older colonization points
to provide parasites for additional releases.

While there are no indications that parasites will be the complete answer to
control of the European corn borer, progress in their utilization has been made,
particularly along the Atlantic Coast, and it is possible that the new environ-
ments now infested by the borer in the midwest and the different biology of
the borer in these environments may well result in an increase in their value in
the corn belt. (Author’s Abstract.)

Dr. Poos called for discussion, and Dr. Townes asked what had become of
Cremastus flavo-orbitalis. Mr. Baker replied that it had been established at
one time south of Boston but had since disappeared. Mr. Rohwer inquired if
the parasites were really accomplishing anything, and Mr. Baker said that
about 40 percent parasitization had been obtained. Mr. Rohwer explained
that he was referring to protection of the crop. Mr. Baker replied that the
fluctuation of borer populations depends on four factors: (1) weather control,
(2) crop conditions, (3) influence of cultural control measures, (4) parasites.
It has not yet been determined how much is due to the parasites alone. Mr.
Rohwer then asked if cultural control interfered with the work of the parasites.
Mr. Baker answered that cultural control was the same type of factor as para-
site control, both depending for their effectiveness on the reduction of corn-borer
progeny. Dr. Townes pointed out that only a few parasites enter the picture.
Ichneumon adults are restricted largely to moist places since they require liquid
water at some time during each day. Favorable habitats are along lake shores
or where night dews occur. Field conditions suitable for the most are often to
dry for the parasite. Braconids and chalcids are better able to withstand such
field conditions than are ichneumons. Dr. Poos inquired whether there had
been any successful attempts to establish corn-borer parasites on other insects
in areas not infested by the borer. Mr. Baker answered that this method had
been tried with parasites of the sugarcane borer on the corn borer and with
parasites of the corn borer on both the sugarcane borer and the pink bollworm.
The results were entirely negative.

Mr. J. C. Crawford presented the second paper: Some Remarks on Thysan-
optera.

Thysanoptera are best collected in a solution of alcohol, glycerine and acetic
acid and they present their own special problems of preparation for slide mount-
ing. Even when extremely abundant they may be very localized and vary
greatly in yearly abundance. Since they feed on green or decaying vegetation,
on fungi or even fungus spores, they are found in almost all situations. Many
species are confined to a single species of host or to a few most closely related
species of plants. Some are predaceous, but this habit shows no relation to
classification. The principal characters used in classification were given,
together with a brief account of the development of the immature stages and of
their polymorphism, especially the condition of there being apterous, brachyp-
terous and macropterous forms in the same species at the same time in the same

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 5, MAY, 1944

colony. Special problems including sibling species, heterogony, parthenogenesis
and viviparity were discussed.

The amount of damage caused by their feeding, disease transmission, and
annoyance to man by biting were mentioned as was the ease of transporting
them from country to country. (Author’s abstract.)

Dr. James opened the discussion which followed with an inquiry as to the
predacious habits of Thysanoptera. Mr. Crawford said that they were preda-
tors of aleyrodids, plant lice, cocids, and of immature thrips. Dr. James asked
if they ever fed on larger insects, and Mr. Crawford said they did not. Dr.
Smith inquired whether there was any difference in the morphology of the mouth
parts of immature and adult thrips which would explain why the larvae and not
the adults of such species as Thrips tabaci should pick up the virus of wilt dis-
ease. Mr. Crawford answered that the mouth parts were essentially the same.
Mr. Rohwer asked what diseases they were known to carry, and Mr. Crawford
answered that thrips are known vectors of tomato spotted wilt and tobacco
wilt, Kromnek disease in Africa (which may or may not be the same), pineapple
yellow spot in Hawaii, and aster disease. Mr. Rohwer inquired about the
native home of the greenhouse thrips. Mr. Crawford replied that, although the
exact origin of this widely distributed insect is not known, it is a tropical species.
Mr. Rohwer brought up the question of the effect of fumigants upon thrips,
and Dr. Smith stated that his experiments with the gladiolus thrips had shown
that eggs imbedded in the corms were more difficult to destroy by fumigation
with methyl bromide than those in flower buds or on foliage. In the discussion
which devellped over whether or not the economic importance of Thysanoptera
had been sufficiently emphasized, Dr. Smith mentioned damage to gladioli,
onions, and tobacco; Dr. Poos spoke of serious injury to peanuts; Dr. Siegler
mentioned the injury to prunes caued by the pear thrips; and Mr. Todd dis-
cussed the olive thrips, Liothrips oleae, which is a major pest in Spain where it
crumples the leaves, deforms the fruit, and kills the trees if neglected. Fumiga-
tion measures with cyanide under tents are carried out by the State over large
areas at one time. Such fumigations are effective for about three years. Mr.
Harned stated that about 15 species are known to attack cotton in this country,
but do not cause serious losses except under drought conditions. Mr. Crawford
said that in New Jersey he had known the chestnut oaks, an abundant forest
tree in that section, to have every leaf crumpled during a dry season, but
pointed out that this damage occurred one year only and, like so many thrips
outbreaks, was not a consistent factor.

Lt. R. H. Daggy of the United States Naval Reserve was introduced to the
Society.

The meeting adjourned at 9:43 P. M.

Ina L. Hawes, Recording Secretary.

Actuat date of publication, May 31, 1944

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, **A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’ by Adam G. Boving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions. ...........5....0000- $3.00
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A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval
and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
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Number 1, ‘“The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
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Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

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CONTENTS

HARRIS, H. M. AND DRAKE, C. J.—NEW APTEROUS ARADIDAE FROM
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE (HEMIPTERA) ..-..0.----2----.--2------ 128

KNIGHT, KENNETH L. AND FARNER, D. S.—A CORRECTION IN ANO-
PHELINE NOMENCLATURE (DIPTERA: CULICIDAB)..............----0c-ceseee0 132

SAILER, REECE I.—THE GENUS SOLUBEA (HETEROPTERA: PENTATO-

yn sSece}

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VOL. 46 JUNE, 1944 No. 6

THE BLACK FLEA BEETLES OF THE GENUS EPITRIX COM-
MONLY IDENTIFIED AS CUCUMERIS (HARRIS)
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)!

By L? G. GenTnER

Entomologist, Southern Oregon Branch Experiment Station, Talent, Oregon

Among the black flea beetles of the genus Epztrix which in
the past have been commonly identified by specialists as cu-
cumeris (Harris), those from certain western localities did not
appear to be typical. Lack of time, however, prevented a care-
ful study of these forms, so they continued to stand as cucumerts,
and were supposed to be the sameas the eastern potato flea beetle.

From time to time several entomologists had called my
attention to the fact that potato tubers were usually seriously
injured by flea beetle larvae, wherever the black Epitrix occurred
in numbers in Oregon and Washington, while in the eastern
states most of the injury to potatoes resulted from the feeding
on foliage by adults, and tuber injury was seldom serious. This
led me to make a very careful study of the related forms in
order to determine their true taxonomic standing. An examina-
tion of large series of specimens and a study of published litera-
ture led to the conclusion that there are at least three distinct
species involved, the potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris
(Harris), and two species which I am describing as new.

Epitrix tuberis, new species

Elongate ovate, piceous, moderately shining. Antennae rufotestaceous,
outer five joints darker. Head smooth, with a few punctures near each eye.
Eyes not prominent, their combined width when viewed from the front less
than the interocular distance. Pronotum less than one-half wider than long,
narrowed somewhat anteriorly, anterior angles obliquely truncate, sides mod-
erately arcuate, disc convex, especially anteriorly, punctures moderately coarse,
closely placed, usually separated by less than their diameters, somewhat finer
and sparser anteriorly, transverse ante-basal impression sinuate, deep, with
many fairly coarse punctures, longitudinal impressions at either end well
marked. Elytra scarcely wider at base than pronotum, lateral margins some-
what subparallel, humeri not prominent, umbones moderately distinct, disc

! Published as Technical Paper No. 438 with the approval of the Director,
Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. Contribution of the Southern Ore-
gon Branch Experiment Station.

Ju 13 “44

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

feebly convex, striae feebly impressed, punctures large, closely placed, finer
toward apex, intervals very narrow. Legs rufotestaceous, anterior and middle
femora fuscous, posterior femora piceous. Males: length 1.60-1.96 mm.,

width 0.84-1.08 mm.; females: length 1.80-2.04 mm., width 0.96-1.12 mm.

Holotype.—Male, Scappoose, Ore., 1937 (Gray & Schuh). In
Collection of California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype.—¥emale, same data, in same collection.

Paraty pes —OREGON: 1,108 specimens, same data; Scap-
poose;:6 o, 2.9, June 13, 1934, potato (D. C. Mote); 5a, Loe
July 10, 1935 (K. Gray); Monroe, 1 #, June 18, 1930 (M. iE
Hatch); Summer Lake, 204, 129, Aug. 16, 1939 (Gray &
Schuh). WASHINGTON: Bothell, 1 v, len June 2931952
(W. A. Collins); Castlerock, 1 9, July 28, 1928, potato (R. L.
Webster); Chehalis, 1 ~, July 28, 1928, potato (R. L. Webster); -
Ellensburg, 6 0, 5 9, Sept. 5, 1940 (E. W. Jones); Elma, 1 2,
lo. July: 25; 1928. potato (R. L. Webster); Enumclaw, 14 se
3. Oe aune 5. 1934 (Mrs. A. E. Griffin); Holly, 16 ~, 10 9, Aug.
20, 1929 (M. H. Hatch); Kennewick, 2.7, Sept. 4, 1933 (M. jal
Hatch); LaGrande, 1 «1 ¢, July 7,8, 1928" (Mi He Baten:
Manchester, 1 ¢, May 27, 1934; Megler, 2 9, June 17, 1930
(M. H. Hatch); Montesano, Io, Jume 22,1927, tomatos(hea
Webster); 1 2, July 25, 1928, beans (R. L. Webster); 4.4, 6 9,
Aug: 28, 1930"(Ay J. Hanson); 30 5, 19-9, Aug. 17, 193A
Hanson); Mt. Rainier, Longmire Springs, 6 7, 3 9, July 15, 1938
(A. T. McClay); Mt. Rainier, S. Puyallup River, lor July 20,
1935 (M..H. Hatch); Oakville, 3, 1 9, Aug. 28, 1930 (A. ii
Hanson); Olympia, 1 #, July 28, 1927, potato (R. L. Webster);
Puyallup, lo, Sept. 44.1930 (A: J. Hanson); Satsopaaimer
Sept. 10, 1929 (M. H. Hatch); Satsop River, 3 ¢, June 14, 1930
(Robert: Flock); Satus, 7, 5 9,, June.27, 1940) (Hi) Pei@ane
chester); Stanwood, 34, 49, June 20, 1941 (E. W. Jones);
Tenino, 1 9, July 3, 1930, ocean spray; Toppenish, 2 ~, Sept.
15; 1934; 1 9, Apr. 28, 1938) alfalia-(K. “Gray)=Wapoceess
Oct. 14, 1935 (M.-C. Lane); COLORADO: 1 9 5510; at 2304.
Et. Collins, 1 @, Jume 13, 1904; 44, 2-9, Oct..30,1904; io liece
July 18, 1905, potato; 2D a, 2 Q, July Dike 1905, potato; 23,
July 24, 1905, potato; 1 9, Aug. 1, 1905. potato; 1 7, May 18,
1906e-1 cy July 30) 1906; potato; noe ls Age 13 1907,
potato; l.@, 1 9, Oct. 22; 1911. Loe June 16, 1924; ban 5 9,
sept. 23, 1931; Golden, 1 eo, June 237, 1911, (C) Aeaiireca
Greeley, 3°95 July 10,1905; 1 @.3'9, July 9, 1906; potatomige
3.9, June 28, 1907, potato; 2.4; 2 9, Aug. 2; 1907, notato-iges
Aug. 13, 1907, potato; Ilo) 3 95 Aug: 15,1907, potato-mites
Aug. 28, 1907, potato; 1 9, Sept. 28; 1907, potatos5 chalaee
Nov. 1, 1907; potato; 2a, 2°9, June 5, 1909; 2 o, 2:0) Junesaie
1909; 3°@,;:1.9; June 30; 1909; bot 2 ¢, Aug. 14. 19305 (Eager
Daniels); Jefferson Co., Bear Cr. Canyon, 19, Sept. 5, 91959

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 139

(M. H. Hatch); Timnath, 1 ~, 4 9, Oct. 11, 1904. NEBRASKA:
Gering, 3 7, 5 9, June 29, 1943, Physalis (R. E. Hill); Mitchell,
251, June 24, 1943, potato (R. E. Hill); 3 9, June 28, 1943,
Physalis (R. E. Hill); Scottsbluff, 104, June 28, 1943, potato
(R. E. Hill); 58, Sept. 27, 1940, potato (H. D. Tate). Paratypes
will be placed in the collections of the California Academy of
Sciences, United States National Museum, Canadian National
Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, and others.

This species may be distinguished from cucumeris by its dense-
ly punctate pronotum, less prominent, more widely separated
eyes, subparallel elytral margins, and somewhat subdepressed
disc of the elytra.

Since it is of great economic importance in the potato districts
in which it occurs, and since the greatest damage is the tuber
injury by the larvae, I suggest the common name of “tuber flea
beetle” for it. ‘This name was adopted by the entomologists
attending the third annual meeting of the Northwest Vegetable
Insect Control Conference which was held in Pullman, Wash.,
and Moscow, Idaho, January 17 and 18, 1944.

Apparently the first account of the seriousness of injury to
potato tubers by the larvae was published in 1904 by Johnson
(50), referring to the Greeley, Colorado potato district. The
loss to the potato crop in that section in 1904 was placed at
$250,000, Hoerner and Gillette (48). This would suggest that
the pest had been present for some time previous to that date.
Since the larvae are known to develop in Colorado on the roots
of wild ground cherry (Physalis), buffalo-bur (4Androcera ros-
trata Ryb.), and nightshade (Solanum), Daniels (19), it 1s
quite possible that the insect may have been a native of north-
ern Colorado, living upon these wild hosts before the potato
industry developed. Until 1933, Daniels (19), it had been a
problem only in the northeastern, or Greeley potato district
of Colorado, and in 1931 the loss to potato growers of Weld and
Morgan Counties was placed at $436,603. The infestation
gradually spread until in 1941 Daniels (21) reported its presence
in injurious numbers in Weld, Morgan, and E] Paso Counties
of the eastern slope, in Mesa, Delta, and Montrose Counties of
the western slope, and in the potato areas of southern Colorado.
List (61) reported more “worm track” injury than usual in El
Paso and Montezuma Counties.

The insect spread to western Nebraska, especially along the
North Platte River Valley and in Dawes County, and work on
its biology and control was begun in 1928, at which time serious
losses were already occurring, Burr (12) and Swenk and Tate
(75). Apparently there is no natural barrier between the Gree-
ley, Colorado potato district and that of southwestern Nebraska.

In Washington it made its first appearance in Grays Harbor
County, in the southwestern part of the state, according to

140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

information from Dr. R. L. Webster. Where it came from is
problematical. Cowan (15) in 1926. reported that tuber
injury had been recognized in Grays Harbor County for the
past 10 or 15 years, but that it had been of importance in the
larger acreages in the county only in the last three years.
Hanson (38) reported that it first became of economic import-
ance in the state in 1925. Baker (4) reported that by 1929
tuber damage had spread to Thurston, Mason, Pacific, Lewis,
and Clark Counties, and that some damage also occurred in
Pierce, King, Snohomish, Skagit, and Whatcom Counties.
It is also reported from Cowlitz County (2, 87). Considerable
injury to potatoes was caused by this insect in Kittitas and
Yakima Counties in 1935 (5). Smith (71) in 1940 reported
serious damage to potatoes in Wahkiakum County.

In Oregon this species has become increasingly injurious in
Columbia County since 1925, according to an unpublished re-
port by K. W. Gray. This county borders on the Washington
state line. ‘The flea beetles appeared first in the northern end
of the county and have spread southward until by 1935 they
were causing serious damage in both Washington and Clacka-
mas Counties. Dr. Don C. Mote and Prof. Joe Schuh have
informed me that the first serious injury in Hood River County
occurred in 1936, and in Deschutes County in 1938, and that
it was reported in 1939 from Malheur County in the eastern
part of the state, but as yet no authentic records of its occurrence
in that county have been taken. No infestation has been
authentically reported from the potato growing sections of Kla-
math County.

The adult beetles feed on the foliage, riddling it with small,
round holes, but by far the greatest injury is caused by larval
feeding on the tubers. ‘This latter injury is generally classed
under three types. ‘‘Slivers” refers to the burrows of the
larvae into the flesh of the tuber, when they have become filled
with a brown, corky material. ‘They usually extend into the
potato somewhat at right angles to the surface, to a depth of
one-fourth inch or less. ‘‘ Pimples” are the raised portions at
the mouths of the burrows which have become filled with the
corky material, and give the potato a “pimply” appearance.
‘“Worm tracks” are the long, serpentine tunnels of the larvae,
extending just beneath the surface of the tuber. When they
are made on young potatoes, they enlarge considerably as the
potato grows. Metzger (64) mentioned that damage is worse
in heavy, moist soils. MacMillan and Schaal (62) have shown
that larval injury may be greatly increased by the introduc-
tion of the common scab organism and Rhizoctonia.

Wherever the tuber flea beetle, Epitrix tuberis, occurs in
numbers there is serious tuber injury, and the feeding injury on
foliage caused by adults is of lesser importance. Often most of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 141

the crop is classed as “‘culls,” and in some sections potato grow-
ing has been discontinued because of this injury. Jones (53)
stated that injured tubers in the Kittitas Valley, Washington,
contained around 100 tunnels per tuber. On the other hand,
where the eastern potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris, is pres-
ent, the most serious injury is caused by feeding of adults on
foliage and only occasionally is reference made to tuber injury
by the latter species—Craig (16), Crosby (17), Stewart (74),
Webster (77). In these cases the larvae have been reported
to cause ““pimply”’ potatoes and “slivers,” but in no instance
have ‘‘worm tracks”’ been mentioned with reference to the
eastern species. ‘The latter type of injury seems to be charac-
teristic of tuberis only. Messrs. Gray and Schuh have in-
formed me that in their cage tests in Oregon they have obtained
no tuber injury from the western potato flea beetle, Epitrix
subcrinita (Lec.), which is very abundant in the western states,
however, some entomologists have reported tuber injury by
this species—Hanson (38), Smith (72), Wilson and Lovett 1913
(89). eVothers: 1917, Ol). Jewett (49) has reported tuber
injury in Kentucky by the larvae of Epitrix fuscula Cr.

The following references published under the name of the
potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris, in reality refer to the tuber
flea beetle, EF. twberis,: Nos. 2-15, 19- TAN AL AT 5054
56, 58-64, 67-61, (35 (TT, 7987.90). No: LF published
under the name of F. subcrinita, also refers to tuberis, as does
the Oregon distribution given under cucumeris in No. 43.

The tuber flea beetle is known to occur in Oregon, Washing-
ton, Colorado, and western Nebraska. (All of the specimens
which I have examined from eastern Nebraska were cucumerts,
and also two specimens from western Nebraska). An attempt
was made to determine whether it occurred in western states
other than those already mentioned. Investigation indicated
that this species does not occur in Idaho, Montana, and Wyo-
ming. Edmundson (23) and Edmundson and Welsh (24) men-
tion EF. cucumeris as being found in Idaho gardens, and as
being common on potatoes, cabbage, and tomatoes, however,
the species was probably EL. subcrinita. No black specimens
of Epitrix from Idaho were found in the collection of the De-
partment of Entomology, University of Idaho. Shull and
Fisher (66) as late as 1940 mention only EF. subcrinita. Severin
(65) reported that no severe tuber injury had yet been found in
South Dakota. All of the Utah Epztrix which I have examined
were subcrinita. Knowlton (55) stated that the potato flea
beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), and the western potato flea
beetle, E. subcrinita (Lec.), cause damage to potato and tomato
foliage every year, and sometimes tuber injury occurs in this
state. Unfortunately none of the black Epitrix were available
for examination. I have seen a few black Epitrix from Arizona

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

which resemble cucumeris, but the males have a prominent,
deep, circular concavity on the last ventral segment. Dr. J.
R. Eyer recently sent me some black FE pitrix which he had col-
lected from potato at Mora and Bluewater, New Mexico.
These are larger and differ from anything I have seen thus far.
However, they will require further study. ‘The black flea beet-
les of the genus Epitrix which I have examined from California
‘are being described as a new species.

Epitrix similaris, new species

Somewhat broadly ovate, piceous, shining. Antennae rufotestaceous, outer
joints darker. Head smooth with a few punctures near each eye. Eyes promi-
nent, their combined width when viewed from the front equal to or slightly less
than the interocular distance. Pronotum about one-half wider than long,
scarcely narrowed anteriorly, considerably wider than head, anterior angles con-
spicuously obliquely truncate, sides feebly arcuate, disc feebly convex, punc-
tures moderately coarse, closely placed, usually separated by less than their
diameters, somewhat finer and sparser anteriorly, transverse ante-basal im-
pression sinuate, deep, somewhat shiny, with moderately coarse punctures
rather evenly spaced, longitudinal impression at either end well marked. Elytra
wider at base than pronotum, lateral margins more or less broadly arcuate,
humeri rounded, umbones not prominent, disc moderately convex, striae feebly
impressed, punctures moderately closely placed, finer toward apex, intervals
narrow. Legs rufotestaceous, anterior and middle femora fuscous, posterior
femora piceous. Males: length 1.72-2.00 mm., width 0.92-1.04 mm.: females:
length 2.00-2.12 mm., width 1.08-1.16 mm.

Holotype-—Male, Santa Barbara, Cal., April 16, 1932 (A. T.
McClay). In collection of California Academy of Sciences.

Allotype-—Female, same data, same collection.

Paratypes CALIFORNIA: 5 #, 79, same data. Avalon,
Catalina Island, 1 ¢, 1905; El Toro, 1 @, Sept. 23;-1931-Aaar
McClay); Fullerton, Orange Co., 1 9, Aug. 7, 1930, avocado
(Bartholamew); Laguna Beach, 1 9, July, 1921 (C. T. Dodds);
Los Angeles, 1 , 2 9, Liebeck Collection; 1 #, 1 9, Van Dyke
Collection; Mull Valley, Marin Co.,. 3 9, Oct. 3, 19263 Wan
Duzee Collection; Norwalk Co., 29, Aug. 24, 1932 (A. T.
McClay); Palm Springs, 1 #, 1 9, May 20, 1916 (J. O. Martin);
Playa del Rey, 3°, 9 @, June 30, 1935 (A. T. McC ay); Paraiso
Springs, Monterey Co., 5 &, 2 9,-May 5, 1922 (L. S-Slevam)s
lig, Sept. 28; 1922-1: S. Slevin); Pasadena, 1 «, Oct. 10, 1897;
Frederick Blanchard Col lection; 2°, April, A. Fenyes Col-
lection; Saboba Springs, Riverside Co., 1 #, June 2, 1917 (E. P.
Van Dyke); Sacramento, 1 ¢, Apr. 23, 1922 (Helen Van Duzee);
San Diego, 1, June (F. E. Blaisdel 1); Santa Monica, 1 9,
July 15, 1929 (A. T. McClay); Tustin, 1 9, Aug. 25, 1932 (A. “i
McClay); Watsonville, 1 @, Mar. 9, 1937 (A. ory McClay).

Paratypes will be placed in the collections of the California

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 143

Academy of Sciences, United States National Museum, Cana-
dian National Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology,
and others.

This species is separated from cucumeris by its rather coarsely,
closely punctate pronotum, and from tuberis by its prominent,
more closely placed eyes, its more prominent, less convex pro-
notum, and the more rounded elytral margins.

Thus far it has been found only in California, from Sacra-
mento southward to San Diego. Prof. E. O. Essig wrote me
that this insect is one of the most economic species of flea
beetles in California. Elmore (25) reported potato flea beetles
(Epitrix sp.) as being very destructive to the lower leaves of
producing tomato plants in Orange County, and Wilcox (88)
reported potato flea beetles (Epitrix sp.) as damaging about
40% of tomato plants in the seedbed at Tustin, Orange County.
Essig (26) gave a general discussion of Epitrix cucumeris with-
out mentioning distribution, but he probably also refers to
the species which is described as szmilaris.

At first I thought that the California specimens might be
Epitrix seminulum which LeConte (57) described from one
female with locality given as California. However, one char-
acter given in his very brief description, thorax sparsely punc-
tate, will separate seminulum from similaris. Crotch (18)
placed seminulum as a synonym of cucumeris and stated that
he could not separate the California specimen from the latter.
In 1926 I had examined the type specimen of seminulum,
which is in the collection of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and at that time pro-
nounced it not specifically different from cucumeris. Mr.
Floyd G. Werner, Temporary Curator of Coleoptera at the
Museum, compared some of the California specimens with
the type of seminulum and pronounced them different. All
of the many specimens of black Epitrix which I have seen to
date from California have the closely punctate pronotum, with
the exception of LeConte’s one specimen of seminulum, which
has a rather sparsely punctate pronotum. If the type locality
for seminulum is correct, it will take further study to definitely
establish its taxonomic standing.

Epitrix cucumeris (Harris)

Haltica cucumeris Harris (42)

Haltica pubescens (pars) Illiger (48)

Ovate, piceous, shining. Antennae rufotestaceous, sometimes one to three
apical joints fuscous. Head smooth, with a few coarse punctures near each
eye. Eyes moderately prominent, their combined width when viewed from the
front about equal to the interocular distance. Pronotum less than one-half
wider than long, slightly narrowed anteriorly, anterior angles obliquely trun-

144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944-

cate, sides feebly arcuate, disc convex, punctures moderately fine, usually mod-
erately sparsely placed, always separated by more than their diameters, trans-
verse ante-basal impression sinuate, deep, shining, sparsely punctate, longi-
tudinal impression at either end well marked. Elytra wider at base than pro-
notum, humeri rounded, umbones moderately distinct, lateral margins regu-
larly arcuate, disc regularly convex, with the area at the base noticeably raised,
striae very feebly impressed, punctures moderately coarse, not closely placed,
finer toward apex, intervals narrow. Legs rufotestaceous, posterior femora
piceous. Males: length 1.56-1.84 mm., width, 0.88-1.00 mm.; females: length
1.76-1.92 mm., width 0.96-1.04 mm.

This species occurs from Canada to Florida and westward into
North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas.

The pronotum is never as densely punctate as in the other
two species, the elytra have a shorter appearance, and the area
at the base of the elytra is more noticeably raised.

Key For SEPARATING THE THREE SPECIES

Pronotum moderately finely, not closely punctate, punctures on disc
always separated by more than their diameters.
Disc of pronotum convex, somewhat narrowed anteriorly; eyes moder-
ately prominent, their combined width when viewed from the front
about equal to the interocular distance; elytra with disc regularly
convex. lateral mianrems) comyotmitliy \ojvell eee ee eee cucumeris
Pronotum moderately coarsely, closely punctate, punctures on disc separ-
ated by less than their diameters.
Disc of pronotum convex, narrowed somewhat anteriorly; eyes not
prominent, their combined width when viewed from the front less
than the interocular distance; elytra with disc only feebly convex and
lateral margins somewhat subparallel.. 2 eee tuberts
Disc of pronotum feebly convex, scarcely narrowed anteriorly; eyes
prominent, their combined width when viewed from the front equal to
or slightly less than the interocular distance; elytra with disc moder-
ately convex, lateral margins more or less broadly arcuate... similaris

RELATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF THE THREE SPECIES

Pronotum Length
Length Width Width Length Of Elytra
Species mm. mm. mm. mm. mm.

Males
E. cucumerts 1.56—1.84 0.88—1.00 .64— .72 .40— .52 1.12—1.32
(Av. 1.76) (Av. 0.96) (Av. .68) (Av. 48) \@ve25)
E. tuberis 1.60—1.96 0.84—1.00 .60— .76 .44— .52 1.12—1.40
(Av. 1.84) (Av. 0:96) (Av. .70) Av. .48) (Av. 1.32)
E. similarts 1.72—2.00 08.8—1.08 .64— .76 .44— .52 1.20—1.44
(Av. 1.86) (Av. 1.00) (Av. .72) = (Av. .48) (Av. 1.36)

. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1943 145

Females

E. cucumeris 1.76—1.92 0.96—1.04 .68— .76 .44— .52 1.24—1.40
(Av. 1.84) (Av. 1.00) (Av.-.71) _ (Av. .48) (Av. 1.30)
E. tuberts 1.80—2.04 0.96—1.12 .72— .80 .44— .52 .128—1.48
(Ava de95)) At hO4)s Ana 74) (Ase Sill) Aven 140)
E. similaris 1.80—2.12 1.00—1.20 .72— .84 .44— .52 1.36—1.56
(Av. 1.96) (Av. 1.08). (Av. -76) (Av. 52) (Av. 1.48)

The foregoing measurements were obtained from 18 males
and 12 females of cucumeris, 27 males and 19 females of tuberis,
and 18 males and 11 females of similaris. There is the usual
variation in size within a given series, however, the cucumerts
series is the smallest and the similaris series the largest. In
tuberis and similaris the elytra are relatively longer in propor-
tion to the length of the pronotum than in cucumerts.

The western potato flea beetle, Epitrix subcrinita (Lec.),
which is found quite commonly on potato and related plants
in the western states along with the black species, may be
distinguished from these by its distinct brassy luster, its rather
straight, more shallow transverse ante-basal impression of the
pronotum, and more subdepressed form. It is generally of a
dark reddish-brown color, but may be quite dark, practically
black. However, there is always a heavy, brassy sheen visible,
especially on the pronotum. In the black species the ante-
basal impression is distinctly sinuate and quite deep.

The tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsh.)?, also
occurs on potato and related plants in these localities. This
is easily distinguished by its smaller size, yellowish to light
reddish-brown color, with darker clouded area on the elytra,
and its finely punctate, faintly impressed pronotum.

Acknowledgments

I am greatly indebted to the many state, federal, and com-
-mercial entomologists of the western states for the loan of
specimens for study, for information pertaining to distribution,
and for aid in obtaining necessary reference materials; to Messrs.
Nathan Banks and Fred G. Werner, Museum of Comparative
Zoology, for-comparisons with type material and loan of speci-
ments; and to Messrs. C. F. W. Muesebeck and H. S. Barber,
Division of Insect Identification, U. S. Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine, and to Dr. Don C. Mote, Entomologist,
Oregon State College, for reviewing the manuscript and giving
helpful suggestions.

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150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

A KEY TO THE GENUS ACANTHOGNATHUS MAYR, WITH THE
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

By Marion R. Smiru

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, United States Department of
Agriculture

The genus Acanthognathus was described by Mayr in 1887 to
include ocellatus, a new species collected in the province of
Santa Catharina, Brazil. ‘This remained the only known form
until 1922 when Mann described /entus from specimens found
at Progresso, Honduras. A third species, described below,
was collected in 1943 on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone,
by James Zetek. In addition to the previously mentioned
locality, ocellatus has been reported from Para and the State of
Rio, Brazil.

Very little is known about the biology of these ants. Col-
lections have shown, however, that the colonies are small and
that they are found in the soil or in rotting wood. No infor-
mation is available on feeding habits, but the species of 4can-
thognathus are probably predaceous like some of their close
relatives. Moeller observed workers of ocellatus transporting
larvae by means of the accessory spines at the bases of their
mandibles. He stated that the mandibles are held as widely
open as possible when this action is taking place.

Important references have been cited for each species to aid
the work of determination.

The author has examined a cotype of lentus, but he has not
seen any specimens of ocellatus.

Key To SPECIES

(For identification of workers)

1. Antennal scape unusually slender, with attenuated base; exceeding
posterior ‘border. of *head@ wae ee ee 2

Antennal scape not unusually slender or with attenuated base; not

attaining posterior border of head. (Inner border of mandible with

a number of minute denticulae near the apex. Dorsal surface of

thorax almost entirely smooth and shining.)

brevicornis, new species

2. Head so densely sculptured as to give the surface a subopaque appear-

ance. Enlargement toward apex of scape noticeably constricted near

the funiculus. Emargination at posterior border of head angular...

lentus Mann

Head not as densely sculptured as with /entus. Enlargement toward

apex of scape not noticeably constricted near the funiculus. Emargi-

nation at posterior border of head broadly rounded.._.ocellatus Mayr

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 St

Acanthognathus brevicornis, new species

Worker.—Length (including mandibles) 3 mm.

Head subcordate, the posterior border strongly and angularly emarginate.
Antenna 1l-segmented; scape short (approximately three-fourths the length
of the head measured from the anterior border of the clypeus to the posterior
corner), not attaining the posterior border at any point, slender, curved and
enlarged toward the apex but narrowing again before its junction with the
funiculus; first, ninth, and tenth funicular segments long, the second through
the eighth short and somewhat indistinct. Eye placed approximately at the
middle of the side of the head, oval, well developed, with about 7 to 8 facets in
its greatest diameter. Clypeus longer than broad, subtruncate anteriorly, with
the posterior border extending between the frontal carinae to the approximate
limits of the latter. Frontal carinae short, each forming a prominent lobe
which conceals the insertion of the antenna. Mandibles 0.86 mm. long (slightly
shorter than the head), elongate, slender, subparallel, porrect, each with 3 curved,
hooklike apical teeth, the median of which is the longest. Inner border of
mandible with a slight enlargement near the middle, and a number of very
minute denticulae between the enlargement and the apex. Ventral surface of
each mandible near the base with a slender, curved spine which is apically
bidentate and is directed somewhat mesoposteriorly. Humerus of prothorax
with a prominent, tuberclelike spine. Promesonotal suture more or less
indistinct. Mesoepinotal impression pronounced. Epinotum higher than
long and bearing a pair of well-developed, acutely tipped spines. Petiole
strongly pedunculate. Petiole and postpetiole rather nodiform, and without
spongiform processes such as occur in Strumigenys.

Head with a shining appearance due to the nature of the sculpturing which
consists of rather sparse, subcircular depressions, each bearing a central elevation
from which arises a short, curved, bluntly tipped or claviform hair. In the
posterior part of the head the punctures are either absent or else separated by a
space more than their greatest diameter. All the interspaces are smooth and
shining. ‘Thorax so weakly sculptured that it is also shining.

Body dark reddish brown with slightly lighter appendages.

Dealated female.—Length (including mandibles) 3.85 mm.

Besides the usual caste differences the female differs from the worker in its
larger size, more convex and larger eyes (with 12-13 facets in their greatest di-
ameter) and coarser sculpturing on the head. The punctures on the head are
not dense enough to give the head a subopaque appearance.

Type locality —Canal Zone: Barro Colorado Island (James
Zetek).

Described from a holotype worker and an allotype female.
Two paratype females do not differ appreciably from the allo-
type. All of these are deposited in the United States National
Museum under U. S. N. M. No. 56862.

The ants were collected sometime during the period from
June to October 1943, and bear the label, Zetek No. 5105.

Nothing is known concerning their biology.

152) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

The length and shape of the antennal scape, and the nature
of the sculpturing of the head and thorax readily distinguish
the worker of brevicornis from those of the other species.

Acanthognathus lentus Mann

Acanthognathus lentus Mann, 1922, U. S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 61: 34-35, worker,
female, fig. 16, head of worker.

Known only from the type series from Honduras.

Acanthognathus ocellatus Mayr

Acanthognathus ocellatus Mayr, 1887, Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verhandl. 37:
579, worker; Mann, 1916, Harvard Univ. Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul. 60:
452, female, worker, pl. 5, fig. 38, female; Emery, 1922, Genera Insect. Fasc.
174 c: 317-318; Santschi, 1922, Soc. Vaud. des Sci. Nat. Bul. 54: 353-354,
worker, pl. 1, fig. a, head of worker; Borgmeier, 1927, Arch. Mus. Nac.,
Rio de Janeiro 29: 120.

Apparently widely distributed in Brazil.

SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPING THE FAMILIES OF ACALYP-
TERATE CYCLORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA ON THE BASIS
OF THE MALE TERMINALIA

By G. C. Crampton, Ph.D.

Massachusetts State College, Amherst, Massachusetts

The following purely tentative arrangement of 34 of the
principal families of Acalypteratae of phylogenetic importance
(which are here grouped on the basis of the modifications of
the male terminalia) is presented in the hope that other students
of the Acalypteratae, who have different views concerning
their arrangement, may be induced to contribute to the dis-
cussion of the proper grouping of the Acalypteratae according
to their natural affinities.

A study of the modifications of the male terminalia (which
include the parts of at least six segments—i.e. segments 6-11,
inclusive—comprising a fairly large portion of the. insect’s
body) would indicate that the more important families of the
Acalypteratae, used as typical examples, may be distributed
in two main divisions, as follows:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 £53

First division, the SYRPHOMORPHA. Characterized by having the sixth
abdominal sternite asymmetrically developed, and displaced into the
insect’s left flank (excepting in the lower Syrphidae and primitive Pipun-
culidae).

Section A, the SyrpHIFORMES
Superfamily I, the Syrphoidea. ‘Tergites of segments 6 and 7 usually
distinct. The group was derived from the Cyrtidae, and is ancestral
to the other Acalypteratae.
1. Syrphidae
2. Dorilaidae, or Pipunculidae.
Section B, the Oritrrormes. Tergites 6 to 8 usually atrophied, and the
corresponding sternites are clustered in the insect’s left flank.
Superfamily II, the Otitoidea. The aedeagus usually spirally coiled,

They are the direct descendents of the Syrphoidea.

. Pyrgotidae

. Piophilidae

. Richardiidae

. Pallopteridae

. Otitidae, or Ortalidae: e.g. Tetanops, Camptoneura or Delphinia,

Seioptera, Euxesta, Ulidia, etc. (See family 10. Chaetopsidae.)

8. Trupaneidae, or Trypetidae, or Tephritidae (descended from the
Otitidae).

9. Platystomatidae: e.g. Platystoma, Rivellia, etc.

10. Chaetopsidae’: e.g. Chaetopsis, Eumetopiella, etc., but not Setoptera
Euxesta and Ulidia.

Superfamily III, the Opomyzoidea.

11. Opomyzidae: e.g. Opomyza, Anthomyza, Geomyza, Mumetopia, etc.

Superfamily IV, the Dryomyzoidea. Aedeagus stout.

12. Dryomyzidae

13. Rhopalomeridae

Superfamily V, the Helomyzoidea. (Closely related to the Tetano-
ceratidae).

14. Coelopidae
15. Helomyzidae
16. Clusiidae. (Ancestral to the Calypteratae?)

Superfamily VI, the Tetanoceratoidea (Ancestral to the Drosophil-

oidea).
17. Tetanoceratidae, or Sciomyzidae
18. Sepedonidae (Possibly merely a subfamily of the Tetanoceratidae).
19. Sepsidae

ND M1

‘ Seioptera and Euxesta appear to be typical Otitidae, while Ulidia (the type
genus of the family Ulidiidae) appears to be merely a modified Otitid. On the
other hand, Chaetopsis, Eumetopiella, etc., are so highly modified that they
appear to be worthy of being placed in a distinct group (here called the Chaeto-
psidae) characterized by having a pronouncedly flattened or depressed fifth
segment, with the fifth tergite longer than broad, with the sixth and seventh
sternites reduced to narrow strips which tend to unite, and with the inverted
eight sternite (or pregenital plate) forming a somewhat narrowed transverse
plate (i.e. transversely elongated.)

154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Superfamily VII, the Borboroidea.
20. Borboridae, or Cypselidae, or Sphaeroceridae
21. Ephydridae
Section C, the DrosopuitirorMes. Characterized by having only one dor-
sal pregenital plate (the inverted eighth sternite) between the fifth and
ninth tergites. (Descended from Sepedon-like, or sepsid-like ancestors).
Superfamily VIII, the Drosophiloidea.
22. Chloropidae, or Titantidae
23. Drosophilidae
Second division, the PLATYPEZOMORPHA. Characterized by having a
normal, well developed sixth tergite and symmetrically developed, ventrally
located sixth sternite, which (when present) is not displaced into the insect’s
left flank.
Section D, the PLaryprzirormes. (The primitive representatives of the divi-
sion). ag
Superfamily IV, the Platypezoidea. (Descended from the Pipun-
cculidae and ancestral to the other members of the division).
24. Platypezidae, or Clythiidae
Superfamily X, the Calobatoidea. (An isolated, primitive group,
with fairly normal sixth tergite and sixth sternite, with seventh
sternite distinct and lateral and with inverted eighth sternite. De-
-scended from the Pipunculidae or the Platypezidae).
25. Micropezidae, or Tylidae. (Ancestral to the Cordyluridae and lower
Calypteratae?).
26. Calobatidae, or Trepidariidae
27. Neriidae
Section FE, the Lauxanirrormes. With reduced sixth sternite. Seventh
sternite not distinct, amalgamated with inverted eighth sternite, which
may become atrophied.
Superfamily XI, the Lauxanioidea. (Derived from the Platype-
zidae).
28. Lauxaniidae, or Sapromyzidae
29. Chamaemyiidae, or Ochthiphilidae
30. Diopsidae
Superfamily XII, the Hippoboscoidea. (Derived from the Lauxani-
idae or Platypezidae).
31. Braulidae
32. Streblidae
33. Nycteribiidae
34. Hippoboscidae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 155

TWO NEW SPECIES OF PROCTOTRUPOIDEA FROM IOWA
(Hymenoptera)!

By A. A. OcLosiin,

University of Buenos Aires, Argentina

The present paper contains the descriptions of two new species
of proctotrupoids collected at Ames, Iowa. ‘The types are in
my collection.

Family CALLICERATIDAE

Calliceras amesicola, new species.

Female. Length, 1.20-1.60 mm. General color light ochraceous yellow, tip
of scapus, pedicellus and five basal funicular joints of antennae brown, the rest
of antennae and head black. Anterior trochanters, posterior coxae (except
extreme base) white. Meso- and metapleura, two oval laterodorsal spots of
first abdominal tergite and dorsal spots of 2d, 3d and 7th tergites and sheath of
ovipositor brownish-yellow. Mandibles, posterior teeth of propodeon and ovi-
positor reddish-yellow.

Head transverse, 0.312 by 0.407 mm. [yes large, lateral, 0.348 mm., hairy;
ocelli in almost equilateral triangle. Occipital margin with some short vertical
ribs. Frons and vertex with a longitudinal furrow reaching the anterior hollow.
Whole surface of head finely granulose, with short dark pilosity. Antenna (fig.
1); scapus with short radicula 23 by 30 microns. Measurements of antennal
joints in microns: 238(53); 78(34); 57(34); 38(40); 38(43); 38(46); 46(50); 61(57);
65(58); 114(57). Antennal joints 7 — 9 with toothed distal border; all funicular
joints with trichoid sensoria which increase in number from 2 to 15; tenth joint
as long as two and one-half preceding joints combined.

Thorax, 0.429 by 0.362 mm. Pronotum only 0.04 mm. in the middle,
distinctly raised before occipital articulation. Mesonotum finely cellulated,
each cell with a short hair. Scutellum 0.232 mm. long, with the large axillae
overlapping posteriorly to the narrow metanotum. Propodeon with two
strong posterolateral teeth, the spiracles situated cephalad from them; part
between teeth raised in a lamellar process so as to divide the propodeon into
horizontal and vertical parts (figs. 3 and 4). Anterior and middle coxae
finely cellulate; posterior coxae obliquely striated (fig. 4).

Wings short, reaching anterior third of first abdominal tergite (holotype) or
slightly surpassing the posterior margin of propodeon (paratypes); stigmal vein
evidently on the anterior margin of wing. Abdomen 0.94 by 0.48 mm., anterior
border margined, with 10 short longitudinal ribs; anterolateral teeth very
small; fourth tergite, like all representatives of subfamily Calliceratinae, with a
peculiar organ (fig. 2) discovered by Waterston (Bull. Ent. Res. 14:116, 1923)
who assumed it to be the respiratory in function. Ovipositor 0.528 mm., its
base extending into second abdominal segment.

‘Journal Paper No. J-1202 of the Iowa Agricultural Ixperiment Station,
Ames, Iowa. Project No. 372.

156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Holotype (female and paratype, Ames, lowa, October 1943;
collected by C. C. Blickenstaff, who kindly presented the
specimens to me.

This species is easily distinguished from C. fuscipes (Ashm.),
pallidipes Fouts and fasciata Fouts, by the structure of the
antennal segments.

A study of light and dark specimens of several species of the
genus Calliceras shows that the peculiar structure described by
Waterson (loc. cit.) has no connection with the tracheal system
and that it is not respiratorial in function. ‘The presence of a
few very large cells close to the basal cavity of this structure
(fig. 2) indicates the possibility of glandular function. I pro-
pose the name Waterston’s organ for this interesting structure.

Family ScELIONIDAE

Genus TRICLAVUS Brethes
Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 27:411, 1916.

This genus was not included by J. J. Kieffer in his revision of
the family, Das Tierreich Lief. 42, 1926, and apparently has
never been reported from the United States. This warrants
the description of a new species found by the author in Iowa.
Several other undescribed species are known to the author from
Argentina. The following lines are intended to complete the
laconic diagnosis of the genus.

Female antenna with a three-jointed club; seventh and eighth joints not
protruding as much ventrodistally as in Allotropa; flagellar joints of male
antennae without whorls of long hairs. Mesoscuto-scutellar suture without
foveae. Scutellum with well developed axillae, not overlapping metanotum
posteriorly. Propodeon with two short,. widely separated, longitudinal keels,
distally and laterally bordered with a transparent, lamellar structure. Fore
wing with a very short nervure only about one seventh of wing’s length. An-
terior abdominal tergites without parallel longitudinal striae, bearing some deep
and irregularly shaped grooves.

Dr. G. von Szelenyi (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 31: 126-128,
figs. 12-16, 1938) recently described a new genus Platyllotropa,
and evidently was unaware of Brethes’ paper. Judging from
the original description, Platyllotropa should be considered syn-
onymous with Triclavus; the very elongate head of the latter
is the only distinctive character and hardly sufficient to separ-
ate them as different genera.

Triclavus drakei, new species

Female. Wength of body 0.99 mm. Black, antennae and legs light honey_
yellow, the last three antennal joints light brown. Wings very slightly and
evenly infumate. Head in vertical aspect transverse, 0.156 by 0.251 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 11

Calliceras amesicola: Fig. 1, antenna of female; 2, Waterston’s organ; 3, head
and thorax, dorsal view; 4, thorax, lateral view. Triclavus drakei: Fig. 5,
antenna of female; 6, thorax, dorsal view; 7, anterior wing; 8, base of abdomen.

[157]

158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Eyes lateral, hairless. Antenna (fig. 5) 0.38 mm. in length; scape distinctly
scaly-reticulate, with sparse white pilosity. Radicula 19 by 9 microns. Meas-
urements of antennal joints in microns: 129(38); 57(24); 20(17); 20 (16,5);
19(19); 19(22); 53(43); 47(44); 56(38). Surface of head finely cellulate.

Thorax (fig. 6) 0.339 by 0.251 mm. Pronotum 0.113 by 0.245 mm., only
0.006 mm. at the middle, distinctly scaly; mesoscutum 0.164 by 0.232 mm.,
with broad, short, parapsidal furrows on the posterior half; surface finely cellu-
late, the pilosity very short and sparse. Scutellum 0.099 mm. long, the axillar
parts separated by fine rugae. Metanotum only 0.019 mm. at the middle.
Propodeon 0.131 by 0.228 mm., slightly carved cephalad, with faintly conver-
gent lateral borders; posterior margin profoundly carved on both sides
of petiolar process. Spiracles rounded, situated slightly cephalad from the
posterior margin of metanotum, with a large transparent circle which is joined
caudally to the lateral lamellar structure. ‘Two stout widely separated keels
united caudally with posterior lamellar process, the medial part between keels
smooth, hairless; lateral parts with rather long white hair.

Fore wing (fig. 7) 0.77 by 0.267 mm.; vein 0.109 mm. long; covered with hair,
7 microns long, the longest bristle of niarginal fringe 9 microns.

Hind wing 0.628 by 0.123 mm.; hamuli at 0.232 mm. from the base of wing;
covering hair 4 microns., the longest bristle of marginal fringe 47 microns.

Abdomen 0.518 by 0.286 mm., a!l tergites with pleural parts completely
separated by sutures; first tergite 0.085 mm. long, with two profound depres-
sions having sparse white pilosity laterally; two round sensorial pustulae
externally from depressions.

Second tergite 0.342 mm. long, with two oblique grooves, caudally with
two groups of very small spines. Tergites 3-5 with a single row of sparse hairs
near to posterior margin. Base of ovipositor at the cephalic border of second
abdominal segment (fig. 8).

Holotype, female, taken by the author at Ames, Iowa, Oct.
3, 1943. It is my pleasure to dedicate this interesting species
to Dr. Carl J. Drake, Ames, Iowa, with whom I have been
closely associated while in the United States.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 159

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF TYDEIDAE FROM MEXICO (Acarina)

By Epwarp W. Baker,

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant

Y Quarantine

In the continuation of the study of the mites belonging to
the family Tydeidae, four new species from Mexico are being
presented. One belongs to the minute genus Microtydeus, and
the other three to the genus Tridilatydews, which has three eye
spots and unsplit or entire pulvilli. The types will be deposited
in the United States National Museum.

Microtydeus beltrani, new species
(Fie. 1)

Female.—Small, white mite; some with dark markings on the anterior portion
of abdomen; narrow (all specimens on side in preparations); body furrow entire
and simple; body rounded; abdominal outline wavy; skin finely striated and tu-
berculated. Rostrum of normal size or slightly larger; a pair of long anterior-
median hairs on venter of rostrum, and a pair of the same length out under
segment I of palpus. Palpus of normal length; distal end of segment II reach-
ing to tip of rostrum; segment II about 11 uw long and 6 w wide, with 2 dorsal
hairs (same length as hairs on venter of rostrum); segment III about 4.4 uw long
and 3 u wide, with the 2 usual hairs; segment IV 7.2 u long and 3 uw wide, enlarg-
ing toward tip, with perhaps 4 short to medium-length end hairs. Second
mandibular segment longish, straight, and thickened basally. Thorax about
50 uw long; eye spots not seen; sensory setae pilose on distal half only, 23-28 uv
long, seated in large pores and depressions; inner thoracic setae 11 u long; anter-
ior 8 uw long; shoulder setae about same length as those on abdomen. Abdomi-
nal hairs 11 « long; posterior hairs perhaps slightly longer; apparently 5 pairs of
posterior hairs, all hairs, except sensory, simple. Abdomen 100 yu long, 58 yu
thick at anterior end. Analopeningonrear. Apparently 4 pairs of short geni-
tal hairs. Legs normal: I, 72 u long; II, 58 uw; III and IV, 55 w long. Tarsal
pulvilli with hairs. Tarsus of leg I blunt, with a short, broad, clavate seta
between posterior dorsal hairs; tarsus I] with a similar seta which is shorter and
broader. Length with rostrum 166 uw, width not determined, thickness 58 y.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 1455.

The type was taken from moss at the Desierto de los Leones,
Mexico, February 7, 1943; the mites on the slide are from
moss from the Laguna de Zempoala, Morelos, January 31, 1943.
This species is named in honor of Professor Enrique Beltran.

The sensory setae, which are pilose in the distal half, are
distinctive to this species. :

160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Tridilatydeus globiferus, new species
(Figs. 2, 3, 4)

Female.—Small, rounded; body furrow not plain; color unknown. Skin
finely striated-tuberculated. Rostrum normal; venter with a pair of hairs out
under segment I of palpus, and a pair of posterior hairs of short to medium
length. Second mandibular segment apparently long. Palpus of normal size;
segment IT 20 » long and 10 uw wide, with 2 lateral hairs about 11 u long; segment

7

Microtydeus beltrani, n. sp. Vig. 1, Lateral view of adult.

Tridilatydeus globiferus, n. sp. Fig. 2, Palpus. Fig. 3, Tarsus I. Fig. 4,
Tarsus I sensory seta.

Tridilatydeus fragarius, n. sp. Fig. 5, Tarsus I. Fig. 6, Palpus. Fig. 7,
‘Tarsus I sensory seta.

Tridilatydeus robustus, n. sp. Vig. 8, Palpus segment IV. Fig. 9, ‘Tarsi I and
II sensory setae,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 161

III 7.5 w long and 7.5 u wide, with a single hair about 11 yw long; segment IV
17.5 w long and 4 or slightly more w wide, with 4-5 end hairs, the center hair
strong, curved. Cephalothorax with 3 eyes; sensory setae (under oil) wirelike
and apparently simple, 22.2 « long; anterior to sensory setae a pair of short
hairs, 8.5 w long. Dorsal abdominal hairs 11.1 u long; posterior abdominal
hairs 16.6 « long; under oil apparently simple. Genital opening with 5-7 short,
pilose hairs. Legs normal; leg I about 100 u long; II and III, 88 »; IV, 111 p.
Tarsus I with a small, globular sensory seta (in Tridilatydeus stonet it is rodlike,
and in T. hirsutus long, curved); pulvilli without hairs; all tarsi with heavy,
finely pilose hairs; other leg hairs simple. Length with rostrum 222 uw, width
about 78 yu.

Type.—u. S. National Museum No. 1456.

The type was collected from lichens on the Mexico-Cuautla
Highway near the road to Mt. Popocatepetl, March 8, 1943.

This species differs from Tridilatydeus stonei in the shape of
the tarsal sensory setae, and in the arrangement of the pilose
hairs (in 7. stonet only the ventral hairs on tarsus I are pilose);
from T. hirsutus, by the shape of the tarsal sensory setae, and
in the presence of the simple body hairs.

Tridilatydeus fragarius, new species
(Pigs. 5.657)

Female.—Small, with parallel sides; body furrow simple, strong; amber color,
lighter-colored rear and legs, with dark spots on dorsum. Finely striated, no
tubercles seen. Rostrum normal; venter with a pair of pilose hairs of medium
length out under segment I of palpus, and an antero-lateral pair of pilose hairs
of medium length. Second mandibular segment long, curved. Palpus normal,
segment II to tip of rostrum; segment II 25 u« long and 17.5 u« wide, with 2 pilose
hairs of medium length; segment III 6 u long and 5 « wide, with 2 short-medium
hairs which appear simple; segment IV 11 yw long and 4 u wide, with a strong
straight or only slightly curved center seta, and 4 other simple setae. First 3
segments striated transversally, 4th longitudinally. Cephalothorax with 3
ses sensory setae 15 mu long, pilose (all body hairs pilose); anterior thoracic
setae 15 u long; thoracic shoulder hair slightly shorter. Abdominal dorsal hairs
15 » long; posterior abdominal hairs 20 uw long. Posterior abdominal suture
present. Six pairs of pilose genital hairs. Legs normal; approximate lengths:
I, 128 w; I, 89 w; IL, 111 4; 1V, 122%. Tarsus I with a wide, short, sensory
seta (somewhat like an elongated strawberry); pulvilli without hairs; anterior
and ventral tarsal hairs strong, pilose; other leg hairs normal, pilose. Length
with rostrum 229 yw, width about 83 uy.

Type.—u. S. National Museum No. 1457.

The type was collected from lichens from Michoacan, along
the Mexico-Guadalajara Highway near km. 285, April 8, 1943.
Paratype mite (female) from moss, Contreras, D. F., December

1943.
re pilose ventral rostral hairs and the peculiar tarsal
sensory seta are distinctive.

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Tridilatydeus robustus, new species
(Figs. 8, 9)

Female.—Medium-size, broadish mite; amber colored with dark abdominal
and thoracic markings, and lighter colored legs and beak; body furrow simple,
entire. Striations typical. Rostrum normal; venter with a pair of hairs out
under segment I of palpus, and a short, fine posterior pair. Second mandibular
segment medium to long, curved. Palpus normal; segment II with a small, .
sharp lateral tubercle, and 2 long simple hairs; 17.5 » long and 10 » wide; segment
III 6 w long and 6.5 u wide, with one long and one short hair; segment IV 18.7
long and 4.5 w wide, with 4 end hairs, all appearing simple; striations typical.
Cephalothorax with 3 eyes; sensory setae pilose, 22 u long, anterior to the lateral
eyes; lateral setae (near eyes) 12.5 wv long, pilose; anterior pilose setae (laterad
to anterior median eye) 11 uw long. All body hairs pilose; abdominal shoulder
hair 20 w long; dorsal abdominal hair 10 » long; posterior abdominal hair 25 u
long. Five to seven pairs of pilose genital hairs. Legs normal; approximate
lengths: I, 122 w; II, 89 w; ITT, 100 uw; IV, 111 4. All leg hairs pilose; tarsus I
hairs heavy, pilose; sensory seta on tarsus I small, clublike, smaller on tarsus
II; tarsal pads without hairs. Length with rostrum 233 y, width 111 yp.

Type.—v. S. National Museum No. 1458.

The type specimen was collected from moss at the Desierto
de los Leones, Mexico, December 5, 1943. On the same slide
are specimens of Tridilatydeus fragarius.

The combination of the strong tarsal center seta, the tubercle
on the 2nd segment of the palpus, and the pilose hairs is dis-
tinctive.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 64, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944 163

MINUTES OF THE 545TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON APRIL 6, 1944

The 545th regular meeting of the Society was held Thursday, April 6, 1944,
at 8.10 P. M., in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Annand pre-
sided and 38 members and 21 visitors were present. ‘The minutes of the
previous meeting were approved as read.

The following new members were elected:

Dr. Edward W. Baker, Division of Fruitfly Investigations, U. S. Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Mexico City.
Miss Elizabeth E. Haviland, Graduate Assistant in Entomology, University
of Maryland, College Park, Md.

President Annand requested Mr. Heinrich and Mr. Loftin. to prepare an
obituary notice of August Busck.

Dr. Back showed photographs of an embiid found between the cement floor
and the tar paper under the bales of wool in a warehouse at Houston, Texas. It
did not appear to cause any damage and may have been feeding on molds.
Dr. Townes said that embiids had been reported by Dr. E. S. Ross from flour
mills in Mexico and that he, himself, had specimens of Oligotoma saundersi
which had been spinning webs over the sacks in a Texas mill.

Mr. Rohwer called attention to an obituary notice of the Australian Ento-
mologist, Henry Tryon, which had appeared in a recent number of the Queens-
land Agricultural Journal. (58 (1): 61-62, Jan. 1, 1944.)

Dr. Annand announced the appointment of Dr. George C. Decker as Chief
Entomologist of the Illinois State Natural History Survey and of the Illinois
Agricultural Experiment Station.

Lt. (j.g.) R. M. Bohart said that he had noticed many Florida insects, particu-
larly wasps, showed a tendency to red coloration. Lower California wasps do
not display this characteristic. Specimens were exhibited.

L. W. Orr gave the first paper on the regular program: Toxicity of DDT and
Cryolite to Livestock. ‘The experiments reported in this paper will later be
published in detail.

Dr. Bishop stated that toxicological studies with DDT are being carried out
by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and by the U. S. Public Health
Service. Since there is a marked difference in the reactions of various animals,
tests must be multiplied many times before the complete picture can be estab-
lished. There is also need for more careful study of its effect on plants and of
residues deposited on plants. The paper was further commented upon by
Miss Trembley, Mr. Rohwer, Dr. MacLeod, and Dr. Annand.

The second paper on the regular program was presented by Dr. H. K. Townes:
Some Taxonomic and Biological Observations on the Chironomids. Lantern
slides were shown.

The generic name Chironomus is a synonym of Tendipes. When the name
Chironomus is discarded, the family name Chironomidae must also be discarded.
If priority is used in selecting family names, the proper name for the family is
Eretmopteridae. Some authors use Tendipedidae, which is based on the oldest
included genus or on the idea of continuity in the typical genus of a family,

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 6, JUNE, 1944

Recently, a revision of the Nearctic species of the tribe Tendipedini has been
completed by the author. This tribe is roughly coextensive with the genus
Chironomus of most authors. In the region covered, it contains fourteen
genera, a number of subgenera, and 201 species. The characters used in
distinguishing genera and species of Tendipedini were discussed and illustrated
with lantern slides.

The more recent taxonomic history of the family and the subdivision of the
family into subfamilies and tribes were outlined. Variation of color characters
and of certain morphological characters and the variation of these characters
in certain species were discussed. Notes were given on the ecological distribu-
tion of a few tendipedine larvae and it was shown that beyond its color, the red
pigment of blood worms has little in common with haemoglobin. (Author’s
Abstract).

Dr. E. O. Essig was introduced by President Annand and addressed the
Society briefly. Other visitors introduced were: Lt. (j.g.) R. M. Bohart and
Mrs. Bohart, Lt. (j.g.) D. S. Farner, Lt. (j.g.) C. M. Meadows and Mrs. Mea-
dows, Dr. N. S. Wilson, and Ensign F. F. Bibby.

The meeting adjourned at 10.02 P. M.

Ira L. Hawes,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, fuly 10, 1944.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions...................... $3.00
rho tae mbers of the Societys... 4/0. hue eee lbs Gane $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,”’ by Grace A.
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. 0. b. Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

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Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D. C.

4

CONTENTS

- ¢ by
BAKER, EDWARD W.—FOUR NEW SPECIES OF TYDEIDAE FROM MEXICO

‘ PU CACARENAD 0S ies AS LTA Oa ee ae 159

CRAMPTON, G. C.—SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUPING THE FAMILIES OF
“ ACALYPTERATE CYCLORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA ON THE BASIS OF
Ks THE MALE TERMINALIA........_.- eA MAC AN ERO AR TR A | 152

GENTNER, L. G.—THE BLACK FLEA BEETLES OF THE GENUS EPITRIX
COMMONLY IDENTIFIED AS CUCUMERIS (HARRIS) (COLEOPTERA:
GHRYSOMBELEDAB) ie) wilr U NU ea Tandy NSE lard Ge Se ae ee 137

‘s&s
OGLOBIN, A. A.—TWO NEW SPECIES OF PROCTOTRUPOIDEA FROM IOWA
(FLY MISNOPTERA) 200000108 if Obs Ti 1 he 22 SRE RR I SS,e 155

SMITH, MARION R.—A KEY TO THE GENUS ACANTHOGNATHUS MAYR,
WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA:
POR MICTDA Byes s00 tM RU AE OLD UE a 150

wf)

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VOL. 46 OCTOBER, 1944 Nor?

TWO NEW SPECIES OF HAEMAGOGUS FROM COLOMBIA,
H. ANDINUS AND H. BOSHELLI (Diptera: Culicidae)!

By Ernesto Osorno-MeEsa
Medical Entomologist of the Section of Special Studies of the Ministry of Labor,
Hygiene, and Social Welfare of Colombia

In the course of a yellow fever survey conducted during the
month of July 1942, at Bahia de Solano and Bahia Utria,
Intendencia of the Choco, on the Pacific Coast of Colombia, the
author found in tree holes and in coconut shells on the ground,
larvae of what later appeared to be a new species of Haemagogus.
From those larvae, male and female adults were eventually
obtained, some of them being kept individually with their
associated larval skins. Similarly in May 1942 larvae of a
second new species of Haemagogus were secured from holes in
some of the shade trees of a coffee plantation near the town of
Fusagasuga, in the Department of Cundinamarca. The
recorded altitude of this locality is 1,746 meters (5,728 feet).
This is the highest altitude at which any species of Haemagogus
has been found hitherto in Colombia.

The morphological characteristics of these two species,
heretofore undescribed, form the basis of the present communi-
cation.

Haemagogus boshelli, new species

Larva (Figs. 1-5). Head rounded, slightly broader than long; antenna
medium in size, smooth, tapering near tip, with a single hair arising beyond the
middle. Dorsal anterior head hairs usually double; posterior usually single.
Ante-antennal tuft with five elements (Fig. 1).

Skin glabrous. The lateral comb on the eighth abdominal segment a triangu-
lar patch of about 34 blunt scales, disposed in three irregular rows. These
scales are finely spinulate apically, a detail which is visible under high magnifi-
cation only (Fig. 3). On both sides of the comb, both dorsally and ventrally,

1 The studies and observations on which this paper is based were conducted
with the support and under the auspices of the Section of Special Studies main-
tained by the Ministry of Labor, Hygiene, and Social Welfare of the Republic
of Colombia and the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Founda-
tion.

NOV 4 +

166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

there are tufts of four or five hairs, and posteriorly there is another tuft composed
of six slightly plumose elements; these latter arise from a strong sclerotized
base, on each side of which a single simple hair arises, quite close to the comb.

Air tube approximately two and a half times as long as wide, bearing a pecten
of about 14 spines, which reaches to its middle. ‘The size of the spines increases
progressively, starting from the base; the first two, which are quite rudimentary,
bear two small teeth each, and the others only one (Figs. 4-5). Just beyond
the pecten, there is a tuft of four plumose hairs.

Anal segment longer than wide. The dorsal plate, which extends laterally
to the middle of the segment, has a moderately rugose and spiny appearance
on the postero-dorsal surface; the dorsal tuft consists of a long hair and a brush
on each side. Lateral tuft of two hairs; ventral tuft well developed, with three
tufts preceding the barred area (Fig. 2).

Anal gills short, slightly rounded, the dorsal pair longer than the ventral.

Adult female. Proboscis slightly longer than femur, slender and curved, very
dark blue with coppery reflection. Palpi short, one-tenth the length of the

FIG.4

FIG. 1

Haemagogus boshelli, n. sp. Fourth stage larva. Fig. 1: Head, dorsal view.
Fig. 2: Air tube; eighth and anal segment. Tig. 3: Scale of comb of eighth
segment. Tig. 4; Basal spine of pecten of air tube. ["jg. 5: Apical spine of
pecten of air tube.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 167

proboscis, and of the same color. Antennae with black tori and setae. Clypeus
conspicuous, bare, black, and shiny. Occiput with a row of iridescent scales
on the vertex and along the posterior margin of eyes, surrounding a zone of
ultramarine blue; dorsal margin of eyes fringed by a row of stout, black setae.
Vertex without white scales. Prothoracic lobes with dark-blue scales, and black
bristles along the anterior edge. Mesonotum with integument black, entirely
covered with bright emerald-green scales; a patch of blue scales anterior to the
wing-base. Scutellum trilobed, clothed with blue scales, bearing long stout
setae on the lobes. Sternopleura, mesopleura, mesepimera and coxae covered
with silvery scales. Postnotum black, shiny, with two small setae posteriorly,
near the base of the first abdominal tergite.

Abdomen purple with bronzy reflections. ‘The dorsum of sixth and seventh
segments with a few white scales basally; the first three abdominal sternites

Male terminalia of //. boshelli, n. sp. Tig. 6: Side-piece. Fig. 7: Eighth tergite,

168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

covered with white scales; all the other segments with lateral patches of white

scales. Legs: Femora violet blue with bronzy- reflection; a mother-of-pearl
sheen covers the medial aspect of the apical third of the fore legs, the inner
edge of the middle legs, and the inner and lateral aspects of the apical half of

FIG. II

Male terminalia of H. boshelli, n. sp. Fig. 8: Mesosome, vertical view. long, De
Mesosome, dorso-ventral view. Fig. 10: Mesosome, lateral view. eine, JUL
Claspette. Fig. 12: Tenth sternite.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 169

the hind legs. Claws simple. Wings slightly shorter than the abdomen, their
scales with metallic reflection, more dense along the costa, subcosta, and first
vein. Second marginal cell longer than its petiole, as measured from the third
cross-vein.

Adult male. Same coloration as female. Palpi short, one-fifth as long as
proboscis. Antennae sparsely plumose.

Claw formula: 1/0.1/0—0/0.0/0—0/0.0/0.

Male terminalia (Figures 6-12). Side-piece roughly conical and truncate,
two and a half times as long as wide; basal lobes ample, well sclorotized, bearing
numerous strong and slightly hooked setae of variable length, interspersed with
small spatulate scales; the scales on the apical part of medial edge of the side-
piece are crowded, striate, and lanceolate, of different shapes, and lengths, some
of them curved (Fig. 6). Apical lobe clear cut, thumb-shaped, with numerous
fine setae. Near the middle of the dorsal surface, there is an almost circular
area from which arise a number of small, short, prong-like scales bordered
externally by a row of saber-shaped ones. An oblique row of seven strong setae
with curved tips is on the inner aspect, midway between the basal lobe, the
circular patch of scales, and the apical one.

The clasper, which is two-thirds as long as the side-piece, is greatly hyper-
trophied, expanded, and curved at a right angle, near its middle. The apex is
distinctly spatulate, and bears a long, spatulate appendicle, inserted subtermi-
nally. The claspette (Fig. 11) has a long stem, more slender in the middle,
curved in its distal third, and finely setose at the base, especially on its medial
surface, from which three stout setae arise. ‘The filament of the claspette is
large, leaflike, and striate; and flexed at a right angle towards its middle, form-
ing a posterior narrow upright pointed portion, and an anterior portion which is
widened, somewhat concave, and has a short reflexed tip. Tenth sternite (Fig.
12) long, strongly sclerotized, pointed, with three or four subapical setae.

The mesosome (Figs. 8-9-10) is roughly comparable to a hollow, irregular
cylinder, slightly constricted near the middle, and expanded apically; being
somewhat pear-shaped. A small erect appendage arises from the mid-ventral
line; at the apex is a short, sharp point, projecting dorsally.

Ninth tergites with atrophied lobules, without setae.

Kighth tergites bearing a distal row of lanceolate scales, and numerous long
and strong setae (Fig. 7).

Type locality—Bahia de Solano, Intendencia of Choc6, on
the Pacific Coast of Colombia, South America.

Additional material was obtained from Bahia Utria, to the
south of the type locality, some 14 kilometers from the village of
El Valle, also from Napipi on the Atlantic slope of the coastal
range.

Type material—Adults of both sexes, reared from larvae
obtained from tree holes and coconut shells at Bahia de Solano
and Bahia Utria, altitude from 2 to 20 meters, in July 1942.

Holotype male, allotype female, larval skin, and whole larva
mount to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washing-
ton, DG. W..S,5-A.

170 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

Paratype males and females, larval skins, and whole larva
mounts to be deposited in the Yellow Fever Laboratory of the
Section of Special Studies, Bogota, Colombia; in the Institute
of Natural Sciences, Bogota, Colombia; and in the Laboratory
of the Yellow Fever Service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This species is named boshelli in honor of my esteemed friend
and associate in scientific investigations, Dr. Jorge Boshell-
Manrique.

Haemagogus andinus, new species

Larva (Figs. 13-16). Head rounded, slightly wider than long; antenna moder-
ate, smooth, and tapering, with a single hair at the middle. Anterior head hairs
single, posterior double. Ante-antennal tufts with eight long elements, almost
as long as the antenna (Fig. 13).

Skin glabrous; the lateral comb of the eighth segment consists of a curved
line of ten blunt scales, serrate at their tips (Fig. 15). Dorsally and ventrally
to the comb, there are tufts of five hairs each; and posteriorly, there is a tuft of
six elements, minutely and sparsely feathered.

FIG. 15

FIG. 13

Ilaemagogus andinus, n. sp. “Fourth stage larva. Fig. 13: Head, dorsal view.
Fig. 14: Air tube; eighth and anal segments. Fig. 15: Scale of comb of eighth
segment. Fig. 16: Spine of pecten of air tube.

FIG.16

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 gal

‘The air tube is three times as long as wide. The pecten reaches to the middle
of the tube and is followed by a three-haired tuft; the pecten is composed of
about seventeen pointed spines, each of them with a single tooth at the base
(Fig. 16).

Anal segment almost square. ‘The dorsal plate is smooth and reaches to the
middle on the sides; the posterior margin has numerous minute spicules and a
patch of larger ones. Dorsal tuft of one long hair and a pair of shorter ones on
each side. Ventral brush poorly developed, without any elements preceding
the barred area. Lateral anal tuft of about five hairs.

Male terminalia of H. andinus, n. sp. Vig. 17: Side-piece. Fig. 18: Kighth tergite,

V2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

Anal gills long and tapering; the ventral ones slightly longer than the dorsal
ones.

Adult female. Proboscis dark blue, curved, slightly longer than femur.
Palpi dark, short, approximately one-eighth the length of proboscis. Clypeus
black, bare, and shiny. Occiput with brilliant green scales; a line of white
silvery scales, interrupted laterally, borders the dorsal margin of eyes; cheeks
with a patch of white scales. Vertex without white scales.

Prothoracic lobes blue, with silvery scales on anterior border, and strong

black marginal setae.

FIG. 19

FIG. 22

Male terminalia of H. andinus,n.sp. Fig. 19: Mesosome, dorsal view. Fig. 20:
Mesosome, ventral view. Tig. 21: Mesosome, lateral view. Fig. 22: Tenth
sternites and lobes of the ninth tergites. ig. 23: Claspette,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 173

Mesonotum with black integument, covered with oval, brilliant green scales
in some specimens, and ultramarine ones in others. Scutellum with broad
truncate scales of the same color as those on the mesonotum, and bearing long
stout setae on the lobes. Pleura and coxae with white scales. The sterno-
pleuron bears two black setae, of different sizes.

Abdomen covered dorsally with greenish scales. A lateral white patch on
almost all segments, extending from the anterior to the posterior margin of the
tergites.

Legs ultramarine blue. Anterior and mid femora speckled with white scales
on inner surface of basal half, more extensively and intensively so on mid femur;
similar scales forming a continuous patch extend over almost all the length of
the posterior femur. There are distinct white rings at tips of mid and posterior
femora.

Wings of the same length as abdomen, with iridescent scales. Second mar-
ginal cell longer than its petiole.

Claw formula: 1/1.1/1—1/1.1/1—0/0.0/0.

Adult male. Of the same type of coloration as the female; with short palpi
and very plumose antennae.

Male terminalia (Figs. 17-23). Side-piece shaped like a sugar loaf, with a
basal expansion, three times as long as wide, covered with long setae on its
entire surface, with the exception of a longitudinal area on the internal aspect.
On the basal third of this area, a few long setae are to be seen. Basal lobe well
defined, bearing numerous setae of different lengths, none of them flattened.
From the outer margin of the side-piece arise many long, striate, truncate scales,
and a few large setae. Along the upper half of the internal border, is a crowded
and homogeneous group of leaflike, striate, pointed scales.

Clasper slightly less than half the length of the side-piece, tapering apically,
with a terminal spine about one-third its length.

Claspettes with stout stem (Fig. 23), bent at an angle of over 90° at the outer
third; some irregularities in the width of the stem, which is larger in its basal
third, narrowed below the angle of flexion, and expanded again beyond it, give
to the stem a sinuous, crab, claw-like appearance; there are two strong setae on
inner edge, one toward the base, and the other below the angulation; the basal
two-thirds are covered with numerous short setae. The filament is striate,
moderately broad, sickle-shaped in lateral aspect, with a slightly recurved tip.

Mesosome lightly sclerotized, narrow at base, expanding distally and then
tapering abruptly to a reduced, sclerotized crista which projects to form a small
beak. There is a narrow opening at base (Figs. 19-20-21).

Tenth sternites heavily sclerotized, especially at tip, with seven or eight small
setae. The ninth tergites have three strong, curved setae on each side (Fig. 22).

The eighth tergite has a patch of long lanceolate scales apically, and a few
long bristles on each side (Tig. 18).

Type locality —Fusagasuga, Department of Cundinamarca,

Colombia, South America.
Type material—Adults of both sexes reared from larvae

obtained from rot-holes in trees locally called “‘guamos”’ (Inga

174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

sp.), in Fusagasuga, Cundinamarca, Colombia (altitude 1746
meters), in May 1942.

Holotype male, allotype female, larval skin, and whole larva
mount, to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washing-
ton, D: ©@., WU: SA?

Paratype males and females, larval skins and whole larval
mounts to be deposited in the Yellow Fever Laboratory of the
Section of Special Studies, Bogota, Colombia; in the Institute
of Natural Sciences, Bogota, Colombia; and in the Laboratory
of the Yellow Fever Service, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This species is named andinus, because it is found at a high
altitude in the butresses of the eastern cordillera of the Andes.
It is the species occurring at the greatest altitude of any of the
Haemagogus hitherto discovered in Colombia.

DISCUSSION

Haemagogus andinus is apparently closely allied to H. equinus,
so far as the females and larvae are concerned. ‘The femora of
the mid and hind legs have an apical band of white scales.
Both species have sternopleural setae, and wings with the petiole
of the second vein (from the bifurcation to the cross-vein of the
3rd vein) equal to the length of the second marginal cell. The
larvae have glabrous skins, scales of the eighth abdominal seg-
ment in a slightly curved line, and the dorsal head hairs simple.

The present study is based on the examination of a sufficient
number of males and females; 23 larvae and 49 larval skins of
HH. boshelli, and 38 larval skins of H. andinus.

The principal differences between H. equinus and H. andinus
are set forth in the following tabulation:

H. equinus H. andinus
Larva:
Posterior head-hairs.......... single double
Number of hairs in ante-anten-
pial tude, 4. tesserae one 3 8
Number of scales in pecten of
aITatulber, ercueweaektin oreo oie 12 17
Number of hairs in the lateral
tuft of the anal segment.... 2 5
Proportion of length of air tube
touwidthire oe askin erect son ol 3:1
Males:
Pal pig caee cca Sees long short
Abdomen: dorsum........... Dark-blue scales greenish scales

ViCMECT eyyeeiete cases few setae many setae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 17S)

Terminalia:

Claspettems cian saci eae Stem thick, notably Stem slender; _ fila-
widened in apical ment in shape of a
half with a later- narrow, pointed
al membrane on leaf, slightly folded.

each side; __fila-
ment mushroom-
shaped.

SUMMARY

Two new species of Haemagogus, boshelli and andinus, are
described. The former is from the Pacific coast of Colombia,
and the latter from high altitudes. Each one of these species
is a representative respectively of the two groups into which,
taxonomically and logically, the eight species of Haemagogus
found to date in Colombia may be placed. These two groups
have the following characteristics:

a) larva with comb of eighth abdominal segment formed of
scales in a patch; male with sparsely plumose antennae; females
with simple tarsal claws and postnotal setae.

b) larva with comb of eighth abdominal segment formed of
a few scales in a line; male with densely plumose antennae;
females with toothed tarsal claws, and without postnotal setae.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author expresses his thanks to H. W. Kumm, Chief of
the Section of Special Studies, for his continuous stimulation
and kind collaboration in the course of this work; to Mr.
W. H. W. Komp, entomologist of the U. S. Public Health
Service, for his effective aid in the study of material of the two
species here described; to Dr. J. Boshell-Manrique, with whom
the author collected part of the material from the type locality
of H. boshelli; to Sr. N. Cerqueira, for comparison of our species
with others closely allied; and to Sr. G. Varela, the artist who
drew the excellent figures which illustrate this paper.

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

MITES OF THE FAMILY BDELLIDAE

By Epwarp W. Baker and Jonn W. Batock,

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine

Comparatively little is known of the Bdellidae of the Western
Hemisphere although they are widely distributed and of rather
common occurrence. In order to extend our knowledge, this
paper is being presented as the first of a contemplated series on
this family of predaceous, prostigmatic Acarina. Since Sig
Thor (Das Tierreich, 1931) has already discussed the family
and has covered the European field, as Womersley (Roy Soc.
South Australia, Trans., 57: 97-107, 1933) has done for the
Australian species, it is hoped that this and the following papers
will serve the same purpose for the North American forms, both
new and already described. The types and cotypes, and the
slide of Biscirus lapidarius, will be deposited in the United
States National Museum, Washington, D. C.

MONOTRICHOBDELLA, new genus.

This genus is close to Biscirus in that it has the long 5th palpal segment which
does not enlarge toward the tip, three pairs of dorsal thoracic hairs, no sclerotized
plates, and differs in that the 5th palpal segment has only one long hair placed
on the tip in place of the customary two; there is also present what is either an
anterior median eye or a tubercle. Monotrichobdella max-osburni is designated
as the type of the genus.

Monotrichobdella max-osburni, new species
(igs. 152)

Female.—A large, reddish, rounded egg-shaped mite; rostrum moderately
long and slender. Palpus of moderate length, slender, the 5th segment charac-
teristic in that it is long, slender, and narrowing toward the tip, and has only
one long end hair (211 yw long); also 3 other short fine hairs; 5th segment 98.4 w
long and 19.6 w wide; 4th segment 33.3 w long and 16 w wide, with 2 minute
hairs; 3rd segment 37 w long and 22 uw wide, with one minute hair; 2nd segment
168 » long and 22 yw wide, with 2 minute hairs. Mandibles with 2 dorsal hairs,
the proximal about in center, the distal about five-sixths from base; mandible
297 w long and 45 yw wide (about 614 times as long as wide), fine shears. Rostrum
with 2 pairs of fine, apical hairs, and 2 pairs of ventral hairs. Thorax with 2
pairs of lateral eyes, and what is either an anterior median eye (as in Cyta) or a
tubercle; no sclerotized shields; the striations, in the area formed by the 4
thoracic sensory hairs, break up into an irregular, broken-lined pattern sur-
rounding the 2 median posterior thoracic hairs; the sensory hairs are simple,
about 116 w long; one pair of thoracic hairs, 56 w long, in row with the posterior
sensory hairs. Abdominal hairs 56 uw long; posterior abdominal hairs about 66
long. Anal opening of female with 2 pairs of anterior hairs. Female with 9

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 Wi

pairs of genital hairs. Legs appearing normal; distal ventral hairs of tarsi
pilose; leg IV slightly past tip of posterior edge of body; legs I, II, and IIL small;
IV slightly larger; leg I about 517 » long; IV about 697 uw long. Body length
with rostrum 1440 p, width about 675 wu.

Type—uv. S. National Museum No. 1459.

The type and several paratypes were taken from lichens on
the Mexico-Cuernavaca Highway near Tres Cumbres, Morelos,
January 7, 1943; collected by J. W. Balock and J. G. Shaw.
This species is named for Max Osburn of the Fort Pierce, Fla.,
Laboratory.

Biscirus lapidarius (P. Kram.)
(Figs. 3, 4, 5)
See Sig Thor. 1931. Das Tierreich, v. 56, p. 49.

This species is very close to Biscirus lapidarius, which has a
rather general distribution in Europe and a questionable record-
ing from Central America. The only difference that can be
seen is that it appears to lack a hair on the 5th palpal segment.
The following description is based on the Mexican form:

Female.—Large; brown, with darker dorsal spots. Rostrum slightly long
and narrow. Palpus of medium length and normal thickness; 5th palpal seg-
ment 83.3 uw long and 21 w wide, with 5 shorter hairs and 2 end hairs, 111 and 116
uw long; 4th segment 22.2 uw long and 16.5 uw wide, with 3 hairs; 3rd segment 22.2 yu
long and 22.2 uw wide, with 1 lateral hair; 2nd segment 89 uw long and 22.2 » wide,
with 5 lateral hairs. Mandibles 205 uw long and 44.4 uw wide (almost 5 times as
long as wide), the proximal hair about one-fifth out from base, the distal hair
about in center. Rostrum with 2 pairs of tiny tip hairs and 6 pairs of ventral
hairs. Thorax without dorsal shield lines; anterior sensory hairs 128 pw long,
posterior 133 yw long; posterior thoracic hair 89 w long. Lateral eyes widely
separated. Abdominal setae 67 uw long. Genital opening with 7 pairs of hairs.
Legs normal; distal tarsal hairs pilose. Length with rostrum 1133 yu, width
about 466 wu.

A single specimen was obtained from moss collected by E. W.
Baker at the Desierto de los Leones, Mexico, February 7, 1943.

Bdella chapultepecensis, new species
(Figs. 6, 7, 8)

Female.—Of medium size, somewhat narrow; color reddish. Mandibles and
rostrum somewhat narrow. Palpus of normal thickness, short; 5th segment
normal, 35.5 uw long and 16.6 w wide, with 3 short hairs and 2 end hairs, the
inner hair 100 yu long, the outer hair broken off at base; 4th segment 16.6 uw long
and 11 » wide, with 3 short hairs; 3rd segment 22.2 uw long and 16.6 uw wide, with
one outer hair; 2nd segment 100 w long and 16.6 w wide, with 5 short hairs.

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

Mandibles 165 uw long and 27 w wide (6 times as long as wide), the basal hair
about one-fourth out from base and the distal hair about five-eighths out.
Rostrum with 2 pairs of fine tip hairs and 2 pairs of ventral hairs. Thorax
without shield lines; thoracic sensory hairs 89 w long; anterior thoracic hairs
25 pw long, posterior thoracic hairs 33.3 w long. Abdominal dorsal hairs 27.7 u
long, posterior abdominal hairs 39 uw long. Anal opening on rear and ventral,
with 1 pair of anterior hairs. Apparently 12 pairs of genital hairs. Legs
normal; distal ventral tarsal hairs simple; approximate lengths of legs: I, 266 yu;
II, 244 w; III, 333 w3 1V, 355. Length with rostrum 684 uw, width about 200 pz.

Type.—u. S. National Museum No. 1460.
Type specimen taken from lichens, Chapultepec Park, Mexico,
D. F., March 16, 1943, by E. W. Baker.

The rostral hairs and genital opening characterize this species.

Bdella rio-lermensis, new species
(Figs. 9, 10, 11)

Female.—Medium sized mite; egg shaped; amber to red with lighter-colored
legs and beak and with darker markings on thorax and abdomen. Rostrum
broad at base and narrow at tip. Palpus of normal length and size; 3rd segment
reaching to tip of rostrum; 5th segment typical, 36.6 uw long and 16.6 uw wide,
the end hairs 155 w and 122 uw long, and with 3 medium-length lateral hairs; 4th
segment 14.4 uw long and 14.4 w wide, with 3 hairs; 3rd segment 22.2 uw long and
17.7 w wide, with | hair; 2nd segment 111 uw long and 16.6 w wide, with 6 short
hairs. Mandibles 177 w long and 33.3 w wide (5.3 times as long as wide),
proximal hair about one-fourth from base, distal hair about five-eighths from
base; shears fine. Rostrum with 2 pairs of fine apical hairs and 2 pairs of ven-
tral hairs. ‘Thorax with 4 pairs of dorsal hairs; anterior sensory setae 88.8 pu
long, posterior sensory setae 100 w long; posterior thoracic hairs 38.8 uw long;
Apparently a fine sclerotized plate on thorax. Abdominal dorsal hairs 33.3 yp
long; posterior abdominal hairs about 44.4 w long. Female with 9 pairs of
genital hairs. Legs appearing normal; all tarsal hairs simple; approximate leg
lengths: I, 311 w; Il, 266 w; IIT, 355 w; IV, 444 uw. Length with rostrum 800 p,
width 311 wu.

Tritonymph about same except having 5 pairs genital hairs.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 1461.

The type was taken from moss collected by E. W. Baker on
the Mexico-Toluca Highway near Rio Lerma, Mexico, January
24, 1943.

The very faint dorsal shield lines and rostral hair pattern are
distinctive of this species.

Bdella cronini, new species
(Figs. 12, 13)

Female.-—Body long, somewhat pear shaped; red, with darker dorsal mark-
ings. Rostrum somewhat elongated. Palpus long, narrow; 5th segment

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 179

typical, 39 w long and 16.6 uw wide, 4 short hairs and 2 long end hairs, 122 » and
200 uw long; 4th segment 22 uw long and 14.4 uw wide, with 4 short hairs; 3rd seg-
ment 22.2 uw long and 16.6 » wide, with | hair; 2nd segment 122 uw long and 16.6 u
wide, with 6 hairs. Mandibles 188 uw long and 33.3 uw wide (about 51% times as
long as wide); the proximal hair about one-third out from base and the distal
hair about two-thirds out. Rostrum with 2 pairs of tiny tip hairs and 2 pairs of
ventral hairs. Thorax without shield lines; anterior sensory hair 144 wu long,
posterior 211-222 w long; anterior thoracic hair 55.5 uw long, posterior thoracic
hair 70 u long. Dorsal abdominal hairs about 66.6 uw long; posterior abdominal
hairs about 77.7 uw long. Anal opening with 2 pairs of hairs. Seven pairs of
genital hairs. Legs normal; ventral distal tarsal hairs simple; length of legs
about: I, 360 w; IT, 315 uw; II, 360 u;1V, 495 uw. Length 844 uw, width 388 wu.

Type.—vU. S. National Museum No. 1462.

The type was collected from lichens by E. W. Baker from fig
trees at Planada, Calif., June 13, 1936; paratypes from lichens
from Planada, Calif., June 12, 1936, and 1937. Named for
tC. ;Cronin.

The lack of shield, the rostral hairs, the shape of mouth parts,
etc., are distinctive of this species.

Bdella virgata Ewing
(Figs. 14-16)

Bdella virgata Ewing, 1909. Univ. Ill. Bul. vol. VII, p. 70.

Female-—Medium to large mite, pear shaped; reddish with darker dorsal
markings. Palpus and rostrum small for size of body. Palpus short; 5th seg-
ment 39 uw long and 17.7 w wide, with 4 short hairs and 2 terminal hairs, 166
and 111 uw long; 4th segment 16.6 uw long and 11.1 » wide, with 4 short hairs;
3rd segment 28 u long and 19 w wide, with | short hair; 2nd segment 111 » long
and 19.4 w wide with 6 short hairs. Rostrum with 2 pairs of fine tip hairs and
2 pairs of ventral hairs, and posteriorly a pair of tiny lateral hairs. Mandibles
166 w long. Thorax without shield; anterior thoracic hairs 28 w long; sensory
setae 78 uw long. Abdominal setae 33.3 uw long. Twelve pairs of genital hairs.
Legs normal; ventral distal tarsal hairs simple. Length with rostrum 933 uy.

Redescribed from Mexican material. The type in H. E.
Ewing’s collection, as faras can be determined, has 9 pairs of
genital hairs (perhaps a male).

One adult specimen from lichens collected by E. W. Baker on
the Mexico-Toluca Highway, near Rio Lerma, Mexico, January
24, 1943. Nymphs from moss collected by Mr. Donald Dodds
at Valle del Bravo, Mexico, May 8, 1943.

The rostral hairs are distinctive of this species.

Bdella distincta, new species
(Figs. 17-19)

Female.—Medium size mite, egg-shaped. Color unknown as described from

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

mounted specimens. Palpus short; 5th segment only slightly widening distally,
50 w long by 16.6 w wide, end hairs 150 » long and 100 » long respectively, a long
distal lateral hair and 2 shorter lateral hairs; 4th segment 16.6 w long by 14.4 u
wide with 3 short hairs; 3rd segment 22.2 uw long by 22.2 w wide with a single
short hair; 2nd segment 83.2 u long by 22.2 uw wide with 4 hairs, the basal being
the longest. Mandibles 177 w long by 44.4 u wide, 4 times as long as wide, the
basal hair 22.2 uw from base of mandible, the distal hair at center. Rostrum with
6 pairs ventral hairs. Thorax with 4 pairs hairs; possibly a faint chitinous shield
running from posterior to anterior sensory setae; anterior sensory setae about 89
u long, posterior about 111 w long. Dorsal body hairs as illustrated, about 39 wu
long. Eight pairs of genital hairs. Legs normal, approximate lengths: I and
II, 266 w; 111 and 1V, 311 up. Body length with rostrum 768 yu, width 333 pu.

Cotypes.—U. 8. National Museum No. 1463.

‘Two cotypes, one from pine cones, Hawaii at Houston, Texas,
October 18, 1934, by O. D. Morris; the other from Bambusa
parvariabilis, China at Washington, D. C., January 29, 1941
(collector’s name not given).

The dorsal hairs are quite distinctive.

Bdella oblonga Say
(Figs! 20-23)

Bdella oblonga Say 1821. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Jour., 2; 74.
Bdella cardinalis Banks 1894, Amer. Ent. Soc., Trans. 21:219.
Bdella oblonga Say, Jacot, A. P., 1938, Psyche, 45 (2—3): 126-128.

Female.—Large, egg-shaped; light red, with a lighter dorsal stripe. Palpus
of moderate length, 3rd segment reaching to tip of rostrum; 5th segment long,
enlarging normally toward tip 90 w long and 29 uw wide, with 2 end hairs, 228 pu
and 191 uw long, 5 other medium-length hairs; 4th segment 33 uw long and 26 u
wide, with 4 short hairs; 3rd segment 33 uw long and 31 wu wide, with 1 short hair;
2nd segment 180 u long and 33.3 w wide, with about 11 short hairs. Mandibles
279 uw long and about 72 uw wide (about 4 times as long as broad), the proximal
hair in the basal one-fourth of the segment and the distal about four-sevenths
out from base. Rostrum normal, with 2 pairs of fine tip hairs and 6 pairs of
ventral hairs. Thorax with strong sclerotized shields ! connected anteriorly,
and on the lateral sides the shields forming a netlike pattern. Anterior sensory
setae 116 w long; posterior sensory setae 133u long. Anterior thoracic hairs
46.6 uw long; posterior thoracic hairs 67.7 w long. Abdominal hairs 89 w long, and
posterior abdominal hairs 105.5 »; abdominal shoulder hair 105.5 w long. Anal
opening on rear and ventral, with 4 pairs of surrounding hairs. Seven pairs of
genital hairs. Legs normal; distal ventral hairs of tarsi pilose; approximate
leg lengths: 1, 693 w; II, 585 w; III, 702 w; 1V, 765. Body length with rostrum
1273 w, width about 558 pw.

1'Those mites taken from alcohol had the sclerotized shield bleached, which
made it difflcult to find. Mites mounted immediately upon discovery had the
shields blackish.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 181

The Mexican material consists of a female taken from moss
and lichens on the west slope of Mt. Popocatépetl, near the
Pass of Cortes, at about 12,000 ft. elevation, December 29, 1942.
Another was taken from moss at the Desierto de los Leones,
Mexico, December 5, 1943; both collections made by E. W.
Baker. Dr. F. Bonet collected four others, one from Monterrey,
Nuevo Leon, July 15, 1942; two from Linares, Nuevo Leon,
July 13, 1942; and one from Atoyac, Veracruz, May 30, 1941.
It is also found from Texas to the east coast of the United
States.

Dr. H. E. Ewing has in his personal collection a slide with a
single female labeled Bdella cardinalis Banks; it was taken under
bark of oak, Marshall, Illinois, October 10, 1908.

The bridged shield pattern with few reticulations is the princi-
pal difference between this species and Bdella semiscutata Sig

Thor.

Bdella mexicana, new species
(Figs. 24, 25, 26)

Female.—Small, narrow mite, not rounded as is Bdella virgata; abdominal
shoulders strong. Palpus short, tip reaching about to tip of rostrum, but in
situ much shorter; 2nd and 3rd segments greatly enlarged; 5th segment only
slightly enlarged toward tip, 44 uw long and 12 uw wide, end hairs 90 and 76.5 p
long, and 4 other hairs, 1 minute; 4th segment 20 wu long and 12 w wide, 3 small
hairs; 3rd segment 22 uw long and 22 uw wide, | small hair; 2nd segment enlarged
distally, 55 uw long and 25 uw wide, with about 6 short hairs. Mandibles 150 u
long and 38 uw wide (4 times as long as wide), basal hair one-sixth out from base,
distal hair half way out. Rostrum normal, with 2 pairs of tiny tip hairs and 6
pairs of ventral hairs. Thorax without dorsal shields; anterior sensory hairs 88
uw long, posterior sensory hairs about 111 uw long; anterior thoracic hairs 22 pu
long, posterior thoracic hairs 27 w long. Dorsal abdominal hairs 35.5 u long;
abdominal shoulder hairs 66 uw long; posterior abdominal hairs about 44 wu long.
Anal opening on rear, with 3 pairs of anal hairs, one anterior-ventral, one centro-
posterior, and one dorso-posterior. Eight pairs of genital hairs. Legs appear-
ing normal; distal ventral tarsal hairs pilose; hairs on tarsus I long and numer-
ous. Leg I about 233 pu long; II shorter; III reaching about to posterior margin
of body; IV slightly past margin of body. Length with rostrum 540 uw, width at
thorax 180 uw, at abdominal shoulders 235 wu.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 1464.

The type specimen was taken from moss collected by Mr.
Donald Dodds at Valle del Bravo, Mexico, March 4, 1943.
Paratype female from moss collected by E. W. Baker at Laguna
de Zempoala, Morelos, Mexico, January 31, 1943.

The body shape and rostral hairs distinguish this species from
the other closely related ones.

182 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

Bdella willisi, new species
(Figs. 27, 28, 29)

Female.—Smallish, somewhat elongated mite, with strong (wide) abdominal
shoulders; body color dark, with lighter thorax and legs. Palpus short, strong,
elbowed, in situ not reaching tip of mandible; 5th segment only slightly enlarged
toward tip, 44.4 uw long and 13.3 w wide, 2 end hairs 100 and 78 wu long, 3 other
short hairs; 4th segment 15.5 w long and 13.3 w wide, with 4 short, fine hairs; 3rd
segment 22.2 uw long and 22.2 w wide, with | fine hair; 2nd segment 55.5 uw long
and 22.2 uw wide, with 4 tiny hairs, small at base and greatly enlarged at distal
end. Mandibles 151 uw long and 38 yu wide (4 times as long as broad), the
proximal hair in the lower fourth of the segment and the distal past the center.
Rostrum of normal size, with 2 pairs of fine tip hairs and 6 pairs of ventral hairs.
Thorax without sclerotized plates; posterior and anterior sensory setae about
78 w long; posterior thoracic setae 28 w long, anterior pair 22 w long. Dorsal
abdominal setae 30 pw long; posterior abdominal setae about 40 uw long. Anal
opening with 3 pairs of longish hairs. Eight to nine pairs of fine genital hairs.
Legs appearing normal; distal ventral tarsal hairs pilose; approximate leg
lengths: I, 292 w; Il, 225 w; III, 283 uw; IV, 297 w. Body length with rostrum
667 w, width of abdomen 235 w, width of thorax 189 yp.

Type.—U. S. National Museum No. 1465.

The type slide of mites from moss, Laguna de Zempoala,
Morelos, Mexico, January 31, 1943; paratype slide of mites
from lichens, Chapultepec Park, Mexico, D. F., January 3, 1943;
collected by E. W. Baker. - Named for C. C: Willis.

The 5th palpal segment, rostral hairs, etc., appear to be dis-
tinctive to this species.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 12

ly
mee ik

———

14 >

Monotrichobdella max-osburni, n. sp. Fig. 1, Venter of rostrum. Tig. 2,

Mandible.

Biscirus lapidarius (P. Kram.). Fig. 3, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 4, Palpus.
Fig. 5, Mandible.

Bdella chapultepecensis, n. sp. Fig. 6, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 7, Palpus.
Fig. 8, Mandible.

Bdella rio-lermensis, n. sp. Fig. 9, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 10, Palpus. Fig.
11, Mandible.

Bdella cronini, n. sp. Fig. 12, Venter of rostrum, and palpus. Fig. 13, Man-
dible.

Bdella virgata Ewing. Fig. 14, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 15, Palpus. Fig. 16,
Mandible.

Bdella distincta, n. sp. Fig. 17, Mandible. Fig. 18, Dorsal body hairs. Fig.
19, Palpus.
[183 |

PLATE L3 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

27) 28 29

Bdella oblonga Say. Fig. 20, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 21, Palpus. Fig. 22,
Mandible. Fig. 23, Dorsal shield.

Bdella mexicana, n. sp. Fig. 24, Venter of rostrum. Fig. 25, Palpus. Fig. 26,
Mandible.

Bdella willisi, n. sp. Fig. 27, Mandible. Fig. 28, Adult. Fig. 29, Venter of

rostrum, and palpus.

[184] F

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 185

THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TEGMINA AND WINGS IN
FULGOROIDEA (Homoptera)

By R. G. Fennau

Entomologist, Food-crop Pests Investigation, Windward and Leeward
Islands, B. W. I.

Metcalf (1913) published an account of the homologies of the
wing veins in certain families of the Fulgoroidea, using the
nomenclature of the Comstock-Needham system as then cur-
rent. Ten years later Muir (1923) briefly discussed Fulgoroid
wing-venation and raised the question whether the vein gen-
erally termed the costa is not really an anterior (humeral)
branch of the subcosta; he recorded that in the tegmen the first
branch of the radius was never distinct and free from the remain-
der, and that the vein associated with the claval suture was a
second main branch of the cubitus, and not the first anal vein
as hitherto accepted. He considered that “‘the Y veins of the
clavus” were formed by the first and second anal veins, and
noted that in some members of the family Fulgoridae a third
anal vein is present.

In view of the unsettled homology of the ‘‘costa”’, of the pre-
vailing uncertainty regarding the anterior tegminal veins of
the Tropiduchid genus Alcestis (Melichar 1914: 142, 144;
Muir 1923: 225; Metcalf 1938: 383), and of recent interpreta-
tions of R, M, and the cubito-anal group of veins in other orders
in the light of fossil and morphological evidence there is room for
a reexamination of the morphology of the tegmina and wings of
Fulgoroidea.

The relationship of the principal wing veins to those of
Orthoptera may be established by reference to their antecedent
tracheation, to their convexity or concavity, and to their
associations with the axillary sclerites at the wing base.

The disposition of the main tracheal trunks in the tegmina and
wings of all Fulgoroidea so far examined by the writer is quite
uniform and is shown in Fig. 1. ‘The material dissected included
the fore and hind wing-pads of early fifth instars of the following
genera: Oliarus, Bothriocera (Cixiidae), Peregrinus (Delphaci-
dae), Patara (Derbidae), Toropa, Taosa, Dictyophara (Dictyo-
pharidae), Laternaria (Fulgoridae), Alcestis, Cyphoceratops,
Neotangia (Tropiduchidae), Acanalonia (Acanaloniidae), Thi-
onia, Colpoptera (Issidae), Bladina (Nogodinidae), Poekill-
optera, and Ormenis (Flatidae). The number of dissections
made of material in each genus varied between two and four-
teen; in the longer series some dissections were discarded because
they did not satisfactorily display the oblique basal trachae
from which the tracheae of the wing-pads arise. It is not
uncommon for this basal trachea during dissection to become

186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

broken between M and Cu,, giving rise to the illusion that the
wing pads are each supplied by two distinct tracheae which give
off the costo-medial group and cubito-anal group of tracheae
respectively; in all cases of such apparent separation seen by
the writer a careful examination of the basal trachea revealed
the point of breakage between M and Cu:. No example was
found in which the tracheae of the wing-pad truly arose from
more than orie basal trachea.

Another point which calls for comment is the basal union of
the first two tracheae. Muir (1923: 216) refrained from
pursuing his speculation that the anterior wing vein in Fulgoroi-
idea is Sc or the humeral vein in deference to two figures given
by Metcalf (1913: figs 5 and 27) of the tegmina of Amphiscepa
bivittata Say and Thionia simplex Germar which show the an-
terior and second veins arising separately from the basal trachea.
Muir recorded that in all his own dissections the anterior
trachea was seen to arise from the subcosta, a condition shown
in Metcalf’s figures 8, 23, 28 and 48. The writer found in all
dissections that the anterior and second veins join in a short
common stalk before entering the basal trachea (‘‘alar bridge”’
of Muir). The wing pads of fourteen specimens of Acanalonia
spp. and of ten Thionia were dissected specifically to determine
whether the condition figured by Metcalf for the anterior veins
of Amphiscepa bivittata and Thionia simplex was typical; in all
these dissections the two anterior veins were found to unite
basally in a distinct common stalk, and it is concluded that the
separate origin of these veins represented in the two figures
already mentioned is not typical of the genera of families con-
cerned. (Amphiscepa bivittata Say is currently recognized as
belonging in Acanalonia).

The trachea of the radius and that of the media rise separately
from the basal trachea as a single stem which may fork distally.
The tracheae of veins Cu, and Cu, are of interest in being united
basally in a common stem which curves posteriorly to lie along
the basal trachea before entering it. The vein posterior to
this common Cu stem is apparently always simple and curves
almost parallel with the basal portion of the Cu stem and enters
it at the point of its junction with the basal trachea. Posterior
to this single trachea a short stem arises from the basal trachea
and forks into two main branches, the posterior of which may
give off a delicate ramus following the scutellar margin of the
wing pad.

The anterior of these tracheae that lie behind the cubitus
possesses the characteristics of the postcubital trachea of other
orders in being unforked, in having a separate origin from the
basal trachea and in being closely associated with the common
base of Cu, and Cu,. The hindmost trachea arising from the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 187

basal trachea represents both in its position and its bi-or
trifurcate form the trachea which supplies the vannal area of the
wings in orthopteroid forms.

Before homologising the tracheae of the wing pads with
those of other orders it is necessary to consider the mechanical
relationships of the veins of the adult wing which they respec-
tively traverse.

The structure of the articular area of the wings has been
found to be uniform in all genera examined by the writer,
which include Pintalia, Mnemosyne (Cixiidae), Bytrois (Kin-
naridae), Delphacodes (Delphacidae), Derbe (Derbidae), Taosa
(Dictyopharidae), Laternaria, Cathedra (Fulgoridae), Catonia
(Achilidae), Neotangia (Tropiduchidae), Thionia (Issidae),
Acanalonia (Acanaloniidae), Bladina (Nogodinidae), and Poe-
killoptera (Flatidae).- The elements composing the articular
area, as exemplified by those found in Taosa and Poekilloptera
respectively are shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

The tegula, which roofs over the axillary region of the teg-
men, is attached at the middle of its inner surface to the an-
terior margin of the articular membrane. Just distad of this
point of attachment a small lobe is developed on the anterior
margin and at maturity becomes sclerotised as a semilunate
plate, the humeral plate, sometimes bearing a minute peg-like
eminence at its distal angle. ‘The anterior wing vein, in all
cases examined, was found to be approximated basally to this
plate, but separated from it by a very narrow groove of flexible
membrane. This vein, therefore, whether lying along the
wing margin or some distance remote from it bears the ana-
tomical relationship of the costal vein of other orders, while
its tracheation agrees with that of the primitive costa as
envisaged by Lameere.

There is no trace of a precostal vein in the ontology of Ful-
goroidea so far studied by the writer, nor does such a vein
appear to have been detected in any fossil ascribable to this
superfamily.

The precostal area of the tegmina, which is found in Flatidae,
Ricaniidae, Nogodinidae, Lophopidae, Eurybrachydidae, and
certain Fulgoridae Tropiduchidae, and Issidae, appears to have
arisen independently in each. Inthe Fulgorid genus Laternaria
the narrow precostal area is formed by the dorsal sclerotised
arch basally overlying the costal trachea becoming elevated,
then bent forward, and finally more distally being produced
in a short lamina, as shown diagramatically in fig. 8. In the
primitive Fulgoroid tegmen, as seen in Pintalia or Mnemosyne,
the anterior edge of the sclerotised tract above the costal trachea
is beset with a regular row of microtrichia. In forms with a
precostal area this row is carried forward on the anterior margin
of the expanding area but retains its association with the

188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

haemocoelic channel in which the costal trachea lies by means
of a series of channels from the haemocoele underlying the
microtrichia to the peritracheal haemocoele. In Laternaria
the channels are irregular and frequently anastomose; in the
Tropiduchidae they are regular and usually oblique distally;
in many species of this family which are not regarded as possess-
ing a precostal area the separation of the microtrichous tract
from the trachea in the distal portion of the costa gives rise to a
series of tenuous oblique blood channels. The only difference
between such channels and transverse precostal veins is that
in the latter the integument overlying these channels is sclero-
tised to a perceptibly greater degree than that overlying the
areas between the channels. ‘The cross-veins of the precostal
area in certain families such as Flatidae and Nogodinidae are
traversed by slender tracheal filaments arising from the costal
trachea (fig. 11). In these families the disposition of the
marginal microtrichia and the regular development of the
transverse sclerotised bars in the basal portion of the precostal
area indicate that this area has been developed by a uniform
protraction of the primitive sensillar margin without any
accompanying torsion.

In the hind wing of adult Fulgoroidea the costal trachea is
marginal and the overlying sclerotised arch simple. It may
be noted, however, that the hind wing pads of certain Flatidae
such as Ormensis antoniae Mel. possess a series of short trans-
verse precostal blood channels which become obscured in the
adult wing (cf. fig. 3).

It appears to have been the difficulty of accounting for the
presence of a precostal area in the tegmen—“‘a condition recog-
nized in no other order of insects’”—that led Muir (1923: 216)
to suggest that the apparent costa in Fulgoroidea is really the
humeral vein or Sc, and not the homologue of the orthopteroid
costa. According to this view the precostal area which lies
anterior to the presumed Sc would have to be regarded as the
costal cell which had persisted after the primitive marginal
costal vein had disappeared. ‘The theory, however, is beset
with two difficulties: It is under the onus of demonstrating how
the supposed humeral vein acquired in Fulgoroids the same
relationship to the humeral plate as the costal vein bears to it
in other orders of insects, and secondly it would necessitate the
conclusion that in species which have a vein along the anterior
margin of the tegmina the vein Sc has acquired this position as
the result of a further tegminal specialization in which the
costal cell has been lost in addition to the loss of the costal vein.
If this were the sequence of modification then tegmina with a
precostal area (the “‘costal cell” of the above theory) would
have to be considered more primitive than those without it
(where it would be presumed to have been lost). ‘This would

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 189

imply that the tegmina of Flatidae or Ricaniidae were more
primitive in this respect than those of Cixiidae or Tettigomet-
ridae, a conclusion which would not be acceptable to workers
familiar with this superfamily, and would not have been accept-
able to Muir, who wrote (1923: 217) “I consider that the most
normal and primitive type of venation of recent Homoptera is
to be found among the Cixiidae.”’.

Some of the most curious modifications of the costa are to be
found in the Tropiduchid genus Alcestis. In this genus platy-
genesis of the tegmen has been brought about by expansion of
the costal cell. In some species a precostal area is developed:
it is usually small and situated in the basal half of the tegmen,
but in 4. lunata Fen. the greater part of the costa is remote
from the margin (fig. 7). Whatever the position this anterior
vein may assume, its relation to the humeral plate remains
constant. In a few Otiocerine Derbidae (e. g. Sayiana) the
costal margin is produced near the base and more or less reflected
dorsally.

The subcostal trachea, which basally forms a common stalk
with that of the costa, is always approximated to the trachea of
the radius in the region adjoining the anterior end of the M-Cu
strut. In the tegmina of some families and in hind wings
generally Sc and R lie apposed for the greater part of their
length and are covered by a common sclerotised roof. At its
base the sclerotised wall of the vein passes in front of the second
axillary sclerite to associate with the anterior point of the first
axillary, a relationship characteristic of this vein in other
orders. In species having supernumerary veins in the tegmina,
Sc may give off distally several secondary branches; in less
specialized Fulgoroidea, however, it is either simple or forks
once near the apex and typically joins the anterior margin at
the apex of the costa, which may be slightly curved posteriorly,
as in Cixiidae, or rather markedly so, as in Achilidae. ‘The
point where the costa and Sc meet at or near the margin is the
node (nodus) and is of importance mechanically in being the
anterior termination of the transverse line of weakness along
which the relatively flexible membrane is hinged to the more
coriaceous disc of the tegmen. The cell enclosed by the margin
and the distal veinlets of Sc in certain families becomes differ-
entiated as the stigma, either by an increase in thickness
brought about by minutely vesicular sclerotisation (fig. 9) and
corresponding pigmentation, as in most Cixiidae, or by increased
pigmentation alone, as in Dictyopharidae; while sometimes only
the basal portion of the cell may be thickened, as in some
Kinnaridae, or the thickening may occur without increase in
pigmentation, as in some pale Cixiidae. In Cixiidae the stigma
is traversed near its posterior border by the costal trachea and
a branch of the subcosta which lie side by side, the latter having

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

curved anteriorly at the base of the stigma to lie close to the
costa; distad of this point both tracheae curve away from the
margin and almost form the posterior border of the stigma.'

In families in which supernumerary venules have been de-
veloped the distal portion of Sc breaks down into a correspond-
ingly greater number of branches which follow the same general
course as the single vein. In such cases the node occurs where
the anterior venule meets or most closely approaches the costa,
and this may occur at a point remote from the margin of the
tegmen, as in the Fulgorid genus Laternaria. ‘The stigma is
usually not developed in forms with a precostal area, but its
position may be indicated by a close grouping of the transverse
subcostal veins, as in Nogodinidae (fig. 10). An interesting
modification of this arrangement is found by the Apatesonine
Achilidae, where the disto-stigmal area is traversed by a series
of subcostal veinlets, though the tegminal venation as a whole
is reduced. In some genera of this family the stigmatal scleroti-
sation may occur in two adjoining marginal cells, as this part
of the tegmen accommodates both a hinge and a fold-line.

The trachea of the radius is usually forked and both branches
may give off veinlets distally. The anterior primary branch
of this vein has been identified by Tillyard (1926: 142) as Ri,
his conclusion being based on the convexity of this branch in
the fossil Scytinopteridae; the distal branches, which are primi-
tively two, are accordingly R and R w respectively. The
posterior primary branch of the radius, which is concave in
Scytinopteridae, is the radial sector and in this family reaches
the margins unforked, but in recent Fulgoroidea is usually
forked. The convexity of the anterior main branch of the
radius has not been observed by the writer in the most primitive
forms of Recent material so far examined, as in the distal por-
tion of the tegmen, where this vein is separate, the primitive
folding has been lost. The very marked convexity of the
common basal stem of R, in which is included the concave Sc,
indicates the presence of R, in this portion. The radius is
associated at its origin with the second axillary sclerite.

The media arises from the basal trachea as a single stem which
forks distally, usually into two main branches. The common
basal stalk of this vein appears to be concave in the hind wing
of such forms as Laternaria, and the vein would appear to repre-
sent only the posterior branch of the primitive media, the anter-
ior convex branch having been lost. In the adult tegmen M
subtends the greater part of the apical margin, and reaches its

‘Carpenter (1939) has shown that in the Archescytinidae Sc is approximated
to Fas far as the margin and that this common vein forms the proximal bound-
ary of the stigma in this group while a branch of R forms its distal boundary.
This is a specialization which removes the Archescytinidae from the direct line
of ancestry of all recent Fulgoroidea.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 191

greatest complexity in Derbe, where it gives off a series of parallel
branches to the margin; in the wing it is comparatively simple,
usually forking once, though occasionally, as in Derbe, it may
be many-branched. At the base of M in the tegmen an oblique
sclerotised strut, always devoid of a preceding or accompanying
trachea, is developed between M and the base of Cu; (fig. 14).
On this strut, or, in a few species, on Cu, near it, a vertical
plate or peg is produced by heavy sclerotisation (see notes on
the external wing-folding apparatus below).

The tracheae Cu, and Cu, arise from the basal trachea on an
elongate stem. Cu,is typically forked distally (Cuis and Cum)
while in the wing secondary branching is common and this vein
frequently subtends a considerable portion of the apical margin.
The vein Cu; is strongly convex, being with R the most promi-
nent vein in the tegmen. Cu, is markedly concave, and leaves
Cu, near the base and passes without forking to the commissural
margin. Cutting across its base and lying immediately an-
terior to it in the tegmen is the claval suture, a thin flexible line
along which the clavus is hinged to the main body of the teg-
men. In every specimen so far examined by the writer Cu,
lies posterior to the suture, which anteriorly is bordered by a
very narrow sclerotised band which is less conspicuous than the
Cu, vein, and unlike the latter is not tracheate nor ornamented
with macrotrichia in those species which possess them. Tillyard
(1926: 158) has rather unfortunately termed the fulgoroid
second cubital vein the vena dividens on the ground that it
separates off “the very distinct anal area or clavus from the
rest of the wing’. Such.a vein is not homologous with the
“vena dividens” in the forewing of Orthoptera, nor with the true
counterpart of the latter in the hind wing of certain Fulgoroidea.

The trachea which follows the Cu stem arises separately at its
base and lies close against it, curving forward before turning
obliquely backward and outward. This trachea is always
simple, and the vein which it traverses in the mature tegmen is
unattached basally and is unforked, meeting at its apex in the
tegmen the vein lying close to the commissural margin to form
the so-called Y vein of the clavus. Its separate tracheal origin,
its close approximation to the base of Cu and its lack of attach-
ment to the third axillary sclerite reveal this vein to be the post-
cubitus of Snodgrass, a vein regarded by Comstock and Need-
ham in Homoptera as the second anal and by Tillyard as the
first anal.

In the larger Fulgoridae such as Laternaria or Cathedra, a
spurious concave vein is formed in the wing between the post
cubital and first anal vein. This vein is weak, devoid of a
basal portion and of a corresponding trachea. Its interest lies
in the fact that it is this vein which should be termed the vena
dividens, as it is an exact counterpart, though independently

192 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

acquired, of the supernumerary vein of the same name found in
Orthoptera, being adventitious, concave, and dividing off the
remigial area from the vannal. No vena dividens of this type is
developed in the tegmen.

The last of the primary wing tracheae arises from the basal
trachea just posterior to the point of attachment of the post
cubital, and curves outward and obliquely posteriorly, forking
into two or three branches not far from its point of origin. In
the mature tegmen the vein which is traversed by the anterior
of these branches is firmly hinged at its base to the distal arm of
the third axillary sclerite. When this tripodal sclerite rocks on
its anterior and proximal points of attachment in response to
the pull of the flexor muscle on its inner face the vein is pulled
into parallelity with the axis of the body, thus folding the wings.
By its possession of these tracheal and morphological characters
this vein is established as the first anal vein of the orthopterous
wing pattern. In the hind wing the first anal vein generally
forks once, and behind the posterior branch lies a furrow along
which the vannal portion is hinged. This is the anal furrow, a
structure not present in the tegmen as a functional element, but
perhaps vestigially represented by the line of deflexion of the
commissural margin of the clavus.

The posterior trachea arising from the common anal stem
traverses the second anal vein in the adult, and passes down the
posterior margin of the tegmen as far as the apex of the clavus,
and in the wing liés somewhat arcuately across the inner portion
of the vannal area. In families where this area is large the
vein gives off approximately at right angles two or three delicate
atracheate struts to the inner margin of the vannal fold. In
the Issid genus Thionia, which possesses an exceptionally large
anal lobe in the wing, the second anal vein forks distally and
may give off five ultimate branches to the distal margin.

The vannal area of the tegmen is not supplied with veins,
and is reduced to a small triangular membranous area lying
between the third axillary sclerite, the inner (scutellar) margin
of the clavus and the axillary cord.

An axillary cord is present in fulgoroidea, both in the teg-
mina and wings, joining the inner end of the hind margin to the
end of the posterior marginal fold of the respective alinota.

There are several structures in the fulgoroid wing which
though of little morphological significance are functionally im-
portant. ‘These comprise the anterior and posterior nodes, the
nodal line, the accessory wing-locking mechanism, the wing
coupling apparatus and, when present, the tegminal stridula-
tory organs.

In many families of Fulgoroidea the distal field of the tegmina,
occupying very approximately one-third of the total remigial
area, is thinner and more flexible than the basal area. In some

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO: 7, OCT., 1944 b93

genera, such as the fulgorid Scaralis or the tropiduchid
Remosa, the difference in texture between the two areas is
obvious; the quasi-heteropterous condition thus produced has
led systematists to adopt the terms ‘‘corium” and ““membrane”’
for these areas. ‘The membrane is hinged to the corium along
a line from the junction of C and Sc to the apex of the clavus,
where Cu, meets the commissural margin. ‘This hinge is the
nodal line. ‘The line is frequently translucent (as in some
Cixiidae), and does not interrupt the main longitudinal veins,
but may be marked by a series of transverse bars which may lie
in a straight line or, as is more usual, in zig-zag formation with
each section being progressively displaced towards the base.
Along this line sclerotised transverse struts are developed,
devoid of tracheae. In some Flatidae (e. g. Antillormenis) the
nodal series of such transverse “veins” is absent or very irregu-
lar and the line of flexion can be seen as an oblique transparent
depression. ‘The posterior end of the hinge adjoins the apex of
the clavus and is developed as a claval node between the apex of
the united Pcu and A, vein (the “Y vein’’), the tip of Cu, and
that of a recurrent branch of Cuw (fig. 13). In the families
Fulgoridae and Achilidae Cu, does not approach the Pcu-A,
common vein distally, so that the end of the clavus is open, and
the clavus is terminated by the hinge line being produced beyond
the claval node to the commissural margin (cf. fig. 12). In
families where the tegmina are wholly coriaceous (Issidae,
Acanaloniidae) or where the tegmina are much narrowed dis-
tally (Flatidae: Selizini) the nodal hinge line is absent.

Cross veins in the form of atracheate sclerotised struts appear
to have been acquired independently by several families. In
general they are few in small forms, or may be absent, and
their number and complexity appear to be broadly correlated
with the size of the tegmina and wings. ‘They are more numer-
ous in the tegmina than in the wings. On the corium they are
usually irregularly developed and in some genera branch or
anastomose; if the tegmina are heavily sclerotised the cross-
veins may be absorbed into the general corial surface, though
their presence is detectable by suitable illumination (examples
of such modification are provided by the fulgorid Scaralis and
Issidae such as Thionia or Colpoptera and members of the
subfamily Hemisphaeriinae or by those of Calisceline Dictyo-
pharidae or Hiracine Tropiduchidae). In the membrane, the
cross veins are usually more or less at right angles to the longi-
tudinal veins. In certain families (such as Fulgoridae, Dictyo-
pharidae, and Tropiduchidae) there is a tendency for cross veins
to be arranged progressively more regularly in the membrane
in proportion as they become fewer. In the Ricaniidae,
Nogodinidae and Cryptoflatine Flatidae the cross veins of the
membrane generally tend to be regular, and may be confined

194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

to a single even line subparallel to the apical margin, lying distad
of the nodal line. This line is the apical line of Muir (1st
subapical of Melichar), and terminates posteriorly at the apex
of the clavus, while anteriorly it may curve basally to join the
apical portion of the costa, or, as in some Cryptoflatini may end
abruptly against one of the distal branches of the radius.

In Fulgoroidea the tegmen and wing of each side are coupled
together during flight and form a single flight organ, with the
stiff tegmen forming the remigium and the wing the functional
vannus. ‘The means by which this coupling is effected appears
to be uniform throughout the superfamily: The wing margin
at the apex of the costa is curved upward and looped slightly
posteriorly and this engages with a minute ledge developed on
the deflexed commissural margin of the clavus. In some species,
a few minute spinose macrotrichia are present on the costa of
the wing just basad of the marginal fold, but it is very doubtful
whether these play any part in uniting the wings.

An accessory wing-locking apparatus is present on the base
of each tegmen and wing ventrally and is apparently employed
to adjust the wings and tegmina into their normal position of
rest. It comprises (1) a vertical plate or peg developed on the
ventral surface of each tegmen by a sclerotic outgrowth from
the oblique strut between M and Cu,, or on Cu, itself near the
point of junction with this strut, and (2) an eminence on the
ventral surface of Sc+R basally in the wing bearing a group of
setae directed vertically downward. These setae may be
sparse (about four are present in Cixiidae and as few as two in
some Delphacidae), or may form a dense tuft (as in large
Fulgoridae such as Laternaria). As the tegmina close, the
tegminal plate presses on the base of the anterior wing margin
and holds the latter in their folded position. The group of
setae below Sc in each wing presses against the lateral field of
the metanotum, and perhaps also enters a cavity below the
wing base, and possibly by its resilience keeps the anterior
portion of the wings in contact with the tegmen while at rest.
In the genus Derbe and probably other Derbinae no sclerotised
plate is developed on the tegmina at the base of Cu,, and it
would seem that in this genus the ventrally sclerotised base of
Sc+R, which projects prominently downward, performs a
similar function. ‘The tegmina when closed are partially kept
in position by the scutellar margin of the clavus fitting into the
reversed notal suture of the mesonotum lying above the lateral
fields of the mesoscutellum and between the mesoscutum and
the posterior alinotal fold.

Organs of stridulation occur on the wings of certain derbid
genera and are considered to be present also in some Araeopidae
(Kirkaldy 1907: 7, 8, and Pl. XX). They are developed in

both sexes. In Derbidae a portion of the inner margin of the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO..7, OCT., 1944 195

anal lobe of the wing is thickened and corrugated. When the
wing is jerked upward this corrugated plate is rapidly scraped
across a group of setae situated on the side of the third abdomi-
nal tergite (fig. 15).

The plate on the anal lobe is formed by the inward prolonga-
tion of the minute sclerotised band that binds the hind margin
of the wing, and the parallel ridges on it are produced by the
inward extension of every second member of the series of
sclerotised loops that support the marginal band (fig. 17). The
prominence of this stridulatory area varies greatly in different
species; in Zoraidine Derbidae, some Derbinae, certain Cench-
reini such as Patara, and Otiocerini (Otiocerus) it is conspicuous.
In Cenchreine genera such as Cedusa and Neocenchrea it is
obscure, and it is difficult to ascertain whether its traces are of
functional value or not. In the areopid Perkinstella vitiensts,
a member of a genus in which stridulation has been reported,
the sclerotisation at the point where the corrugated plate occurs
in Derbidae is scarcely more pronounced than elsewhere on the
inner margin, while the same is true of species of Delphacodes
seen by the writer and it would seem questionable whether in
such cases effective stridulation is possible by this means. In
Derbe, the anal border of the wing is emarginate and the basal
portion projects as a rather narrow subrectangular lobe (fig. 18).
This is pigmented but not appreciably thickened. The margin
of the lobe is minutely spiculate, as is the whole of the posterior
wing margin in this genus. A group of setae occurs on each
of the lateral fields of the third abdominal tergite. It is possible
that in this large species the general sclerotisation of the anal
lobe is adequate for sound production. ‘The setae over which
the marginal plate is drawn are directed outward and down-
ward (fig. 16). They are generally similar, except perhaps in
point of size, to the setae sparsely scattered over the abdominal
sclerites, and the group may have been formed by a local congre-
gation of such setae.

In addition to the stridulatory organs found on the wings,
many species of Derbidae bear series of large setiferous plates
on the tegminal veins. ‘These may occur on. the common stem
Sc+R, on M, Pcu, and Ay. In Derbe a row of 12 to 15 lies
along Sc+R, while a series of four occupies the basal part of M.
The Cenchreine genus Patara has them on Sc+R, Pcu and A,,
Neocenchrea on Pcu and A, only, while they are absent or very
obscure in the genus Cedusa.

These structures occur only on the veins. Each consists of a
subtriangular orifice, with the lip strongly raised on the proximal
side, and a small round plate set immediately below the upper-
most part of the orifice. From this plate a long slender seta
projects horizontally distad, 1. e., posteriorly, when the tegmina
are folded (fig. 19). The tegminal veins in general are studded

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

with minute setae, each of which arises from an oval or rounded
plate. It would seem that these larger plates have originated
by an elaboration of one of the smaller type. The function of
the long seta is unknown, but the plates themselves exude
filaments of pearly wax. Metcalf (1938: 304,313) refers to
these organs as stridulatory, but it is difficult to see against
what they could be rubbed as they cannot be apposed to any
other part of the body, including the tegmina of the opposite
side in all positions. ‘They are not confined to species which
possess a stridulatory apparatus: they are absent or very reduced
in Otiocerus which has stridulating organs, and abundantly
present in Neocenchrea which has apparently none.

REFERENCES

1. Carpenter, F. M. 1939. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 73(3) :29-70.

2. Melichar, L. 1914. Monographie der Tropiduchiden (Homoptera). Verh.
Natur. Ver. Briinn 53:82-226.

3. Melichar, L. 1923. Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 182.

4. Metcalf, Z. P. 1913. The Wing Venation of the Fulgoridae. Ann. Ent.
Soc. Am. 6(3):341-352.

5. Metcalf, Z. P. 1938. The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of
Panama. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 82(5): 277-423.

6. Muir, F. 1923. On the Classification of the Fulgoridae. Proc. Haw. Ent.
Soc. 5(2):215—2]8.

7. Tillyard, R. J. 1926. The Insects of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

(Plate 14)

. General plan of tracheation of Fulgoroid wing.

. Tracheae of fore wing pad of Poekilloptera phalaenoides (L.) (Flatidae).

. Tracheae of hind wing pad of Poekilloptera phalaenoides (L.).

. Tegmen of Mnemosyne arenae Fen. (Cixiidae), an example of a generalized
fulgoroid wing type. ;

5. Base of right tegmen and axillary sclerites of Taosa herbida Walk.

5. Base of right tegmen and axillary sclerites of Taosa herbida Walk. (semi-

Se el

diagrammatic).

6. Base of right tegmen and axillary sclerites of Poekilloptera phalaenoides (L.)
(semi-diagrammatic).

7. Anterior portion of right tegmen of Alcestis lunata Fen.

8. Diagram showing mode of development of pre-costal area in tegmen of
Laternaria (Fulgoridae).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

PLATE 14

[ 197 ]

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

10.
Il.

We

18.

19.

Al,

(Plate 15)

. Stigma and node in left tegmen of Mnemosyne arenae Fen.

Precostal area and node in left tegmen of Bladina (Nogodinidae).

Portion of costa and precostal area of Ormenis antoniae Mel. (The dotted
lines show lines of great attenuation of the membrane.)

Posterior node at apex of Cu,), in right tegmen of Laternaria (an example
of this structure’in an open clavus).

. Posterior node between apices of Cu, and Cu, in right tegmen of Bladina

(an example of this structure in a closed clavus).

. The atracheate sclerotised M-Cu basal strut and accompanying pigment

band in right fore wing pad of Alcestis lunata Fen.

. Stridulatory apparatus of Patara sp. (Derbidae), showing corrugated

margin of anal lobe of wing and setae on side of abdominal tergite (dorsai
view, semi-diagrammatic).

. Side view of base of abdomen of Patara showing setose portion of stridula-

tory apparatus.

‘Diagrammatic representation of structure of marginal corrugation on anal

lobe of wing in Patara.

Dorsal view of portion of emarginate anal lobe of wing of Derbe (Derbidae),
showing pigmented but not corrugated margin zone, and (below) minute
setae on lateral portion of adjacent abdominal tergite.

Wax-bearing plate on tegminal vein of Derbe.

EXPLANATION OF LETTERING

First, second and third anal veins.

A2, A3

A. m —Anterior margin of tegmen.
ANP —Anterior notal wing process of tergum.

1Ax
Ax.
Bie
(Cc

, 2Ax, 3Ax—First, second and third axillary sclerites.
C—Axillary cord.
—Basal trachea.

—Costa.

C. m —Commissural margin of tegmen.

Ct —Costal trachea.

Cul, Cu2—First and second branches of Cubitus.
HP —Humera! plate.

MP —Posterior branch of primitive Media.
M1, M2—First and second median plates.

n —Node.

P-c. a—Precostal area.

Pcu —Postcubital vein.

R —Radius.

Rs —Radial Sector.

Sc —Subcosta.

tezg —Tegula.

V. d. —Vena dividens.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 15

Dun,
pm
Cire

s le ‘ sO,

24 wi
AWN Uad ona M..
Wy GY s Cu i}

MN
TT

DT S>
nifH »
Mneuniniy ae

15

[199]

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

A NEW SERICOTHRIPS FROM BRAZIL (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

By J. C. Crawrorp

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

This species is described at the present time because its name
is needed in connection with a study of insect vectors of plant
diseases by the Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Sericothrips sidae, new species

Female (macropterous).—Length (fully distended) 1.2 mm. Head brown,
with a slight reddish tinge, the occipital line almost black, protergum ' well
delimited by being light brown, the dorsum elsewhere translucent light yellow,
mesoscutum and metanotum dark brown, metapostnotum very light brown,
abdominal terga I-VI light brown (in immature adults the brown not completely
covering the terga), VII-IX dark brown, X and the median apical margin of IX
light brown in fully matured adults (in the lighter specimens not yet fully colored
these parts almost white), sterna of pterothorax and abdomen beyond segment
VI dark brown; coxae rather dark brown, femora light brown, distinctly lighter
at bases and apices, tibiae and tarsi very lightly tinged with brownish, forewing
dark brown basally, including most of anal lobe, subhyaline beyond to between
the first and second setae of the row distad of the basal series of three, thence
dark brown to apex of wing; all body setae, including those on appendages, dark
brown; antennal segments I and II brownish yellow, III yellowish white but
faintly brownish just beyond a narrow whitish line at base and again at circlet
of major setae, IV with pedicel light brown, beyond shading from very light
brown to dark brown just before circlet of major setae, lighter brown beyond
this; V shading from very light brown at base to dark brown at. apex, VI-VIII
dark brown.

Head broad, widest across eyes, eyes protruding, cheeks almost straight,
strongly converging posteriorly, slightly notched at juncture with eyes; whole
dorsal aspect with dark, close, sparsely anastomosing lines, those back of
occipital line slightly closer and more delicate; occipital line marking the
posterior margin of a poorly defined groove; interocellar setae inserted well
back of median ocellus, 24 « long and 20 w apart; inner pair of postocellars 60 p
apart, 36 w long, outer pair of anteocellars 36 « long, somewhat longer than
inner pair; posterior ocelli about 12 w in diameter, 32 w apart; pedicels of anten-
nal segments IV and V very short, VI not pedicellate; antennal segments III and
IV strongly narrowed to apices but not vasiform; frontal costa almost rectangu-
larly emarginate, interval between bases of antennae 22 yp.

Thorax having the protergum with transverse, subparallel, dark lines about
2 uw apart, the rest of dorsum with the lines wider apart, but very infrequently
anastomosing, not forming reticles; seta at posterior angle about 54 yu long,
between posterior angulars a single pair of setae 33 uw long; discal setae mostly
confined to a transverse row near anterior margin of dorsum and a row near

1 This is the saddle-shaped mark of the pronotum, or the pronotal blotch of
authors, but it is the true tergum, that is, the sclerotized portion of the dorsum,
as defined by Snodgrass, ‘Principles of Insect Morphology,” 1935, p. 82.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 201

anterior margin of tergum; tergum widely, shallowly emarginate anteriorly,
posterior margin more deeply but narrowly emarginate; mesoscutum with close,
dark, transverse lines, those on the extreme anterior portion very fine and close
but readily discernible (under a magnification of 440 diameters); vein of fore-
wing with 3+ about 15 setae, 2 setae in a row posterior to vein and close to
apex of wing; hind wing with a median longitudinal dark stripe fading out just
before apex of wing; legs not excessively long, hind tibia 204 u long.

Abdomen with the minute pubescence black, absent on median part of
segments II-VIII, except a basal median patch, and completely absent on
segment IX; antecostal line deep black on terga II-VIII, present but not so
dark on terga IX and X; comb complete on tergum VIII, the medial teeth 20 yu
long, on tergum VII with teeth on median fifth either barely discernible stubs
or more or less irregular teeth hardly half as long as those laterad; on other
segments the comb widely interrupted.

Measurements (in microns). Head, median length 100, greatest width,
across eyes, 152, least width, at base, 124; prothorax, median length 124,
width 180.

Antenna: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
23 4] 56 52 46 54 12 14

Male (macropterous).—Length 0.95 mm. Smaller than, but very similar to,
the female except in sedondary sexual characters and with abdominal terga
I—VII light brown, the apical median portion of tergum [X and all of X only
slightly lighter in shade than the preceding terga; groove in front of occipital
line better defined; comb on tergum VII widely interrupted medially.

Measurement of antenna (in microns):

1 2 5 4 5 6 7 8
20 36 52 46 40 43 9 12

Type locality —Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Host.—Sida rhombifolia L.

Type Catalog No. 56959, U. S. National Museum.

Described from 10 females and 2 males received from Sr. R. L.
Araujo, of the Instituto Biologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the
information that this species was used in the study of insect
vectors of infectious chlorosis of malvaceous plants.

In its general color pattern this species resembles Serioco-
thrips basilaris Hood from Cuba, but differs in its antennal
formula, in not having antennal segments 3 and 4 vasiform, in
the heavily marked antecosta of terga 8—10, in the well-delimited
protergal mark, and in sculptural details.

202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

MINUTES OF THE 546th REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, MAY 4, 1944

The 546th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 P. M., May 4, 1944,
in Room 43 of the National Museum. Vice President Poos presided and there
were 31 members and 19 visitors present. ‘The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and approved.

New members were elected as follows:

Lt. George E. Bohart (H-V(S)), U. S. Naval Reserve.
Lt. (j. g.) Richard M. Bohart (H-V(S)), U. S. Naval Reserve.

Dr. Poos pointed out that it was most unusual to have brothers elected to
membership at the same meeting.

Mr. Sailer called the attention of the Society to a subfamily in the Naucoridae
described Dr. R. L. Usinger under the name Potamocorinae. The material on
which the subfamily is based was collected in Paraguay, and it is distinguished
from the rest of the Naucoridae by the small size of the species. The specimens
exhibited were presented to the National Museum by Dr. G. B. Hungerford.

Mr. Snodgrass said that he had examined the feeding mechanism of fleas and
found that the supposed mandibles are unquestionaly laciniae of the maxillae,
and also that the supposed labium is in reality the hypopharynx. Details will
be published later.

Comment by R. A. Cushman followed.

Dr. Siegler passed around samples of 2 new insecticides. The first, DD Mix-
ture is a 50-50 mixture of Dichloropropylene 1:3 and Dichloropropane 1:2, and
is especially useful as a soil fumigant. ‘The second, DDT (or Dichloro-dipheny]-
trichloroethane), is a whitish powder insoluble in water, has a very low vapor
pressure, and is an unusually promising insecticide.

Mr. R. A. Cushman read part of a letter from John D. Sherman, who wrote
of a visit to Dr. L. O. Howard and his pleasure in finding Dr. Howard still
actively interested in entomologists and their doings.

Dr. G. F. MacLeod presented the first paper on the regular program: Potential
Relation of Insect Nutrition to Insect Control.

If we consider plant feeding insects, without necessarily excluding pests of
animals, however, there are three basic assumptions of interest in the subject
under discussion.

1. The food of any given plant varies.
2. The composition of any given plant varies.
3. The food of any insect feeding on any given plant varies.

The specific question to be examined can be stated thus: Is it possible to
control destructive insect pests of plants by changing the food of plants, thus
creating nutritive disturbances which will weaken or kill the insects which feed
upon them?

The literature affords proof that selenium in soils is taken up by plants and
kills insects or mites feeding on such plants. This has been demonstrated to
be true for aphids and mites feeding on wheat, rye, oats, and corn. In field
experiments it has been shown that selenization of soils on which cotton was
growing provided practical control of several hemipterous insects. The con-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944 203

centration of selenium required to do this is too low to adversely affect plant
growth.

The work of De Long with the toxicity of bordeaux mixture on potato plants
to potato leafhoppers is too well known to need much discussion. While there
may be some question as to the particular compound or mechanism involved,
the protection afforded potato plants from leafhoppers with bordeaux sprays is
recognized.

There is also recorded the fact that bean plants treated with derris sprays
absorbed or adsorbed and translocated some compound which prevented the
re-establishment of aphid colonies on those plants. Recently rabbits fed DDT
and pyrethrum were found to have in their tissues or blood streams some
ingredient toxic to bed bugs which fed on the rabbits.

Results of research work in California definitely proved that the toxicity of
naphthalene fumes to red spiders varied with the host plant upon which they
were feeding.

The evidence now available in the literature definitely indicates that crop
infesting insects may be killed or their susceptibility to economic poisons changed
through changes in nutritional background of the plants on which they feed.
Both organic and inorganic chemicals have been used to alter plant constituents
to a degree where the insect enemies were affected with no visible changes in
plant vigor. (Author’s Abstract.)

There was discussion by Hambleton, Rohwer, Snodgrass, Packard, and Poos
during which Mr. Hambleton mentioned that a similar phenomenon is observed
in the varying reaction of bees to the same disease in different localities, which
might indicate that food was involved; Mr. Packard said that there is evidence
to indicate that the pea aphid on alfalfa only attacks those parts of the plant
that are alkaline in reaction, which suggests the possibility of changing the
chemistry of plants to make them distasteful to insects; Dr. Poos stated that in
tests with the potato leaf hopper it had not been possible to get the plants to
absorb enough copper to kill the insects on the hosts used.

The second paper on the regular program was read by Mr. Arthur D. Cush-
man: The Delineation of Insects.

The task of a scientific illustator of insects is the production of minutely
accurate, neatly executed representations of insects or parts of them. Economy
of reproduction usually must also be considered. The techniques necessary
vary with almost every specimen. Drawing has advantages over photography
in that salient points of difference may be emphasized although not over-
exaggerated. The inherent lack of discernment and shallow focal plane at
high magnifications provide the greatest limitations for the camera in scientific
illustration.

The most important consideration in scientific drawing is that the parts as
well as the whole “work”. ‘That is, by mechanical exactness they are auto-
matically correct in form and proportion. Insects lend themselves particularly
well to this concept. This applies as well to the simple sketches prepared for
bulletins and folders, and such drawings, although having the aspect of cartoons,
should be accurate in all of the details shown.

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 7, OCT., 1944

There are six fundamental tools or techniques used in pen and ink rendering.
The master key to all techniques is the convention of a fixed light source which
makes possible the representation of depth by shading. The combination of
structural shading and color values sometimes produces extremely difflcult
technical problems. (Author’s abstract.)

Mr. Cushman exhibited a series of lantern slides. Comment followed by
R.C. Smith, Mr. Snodgrass, and Mrs. James.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society:

C. A. Clark of the European Corn Borer Parasite Laboratory at Toledo,
Ohio.
Lt. C. A. Wilson of the U. S. Public Health Service.

As there was no further business, the meeting adjourned at 9:50 P. M.

Ina L. Hawes,
Recording Secretary.

Actual aate of publication, October 31, 1944,

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘‘A Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-membersand imnstitutionsy 2): . nls aa ceets asia eects $3.00
Mowumembers Or the Societys.) neds Loose dele wakes $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, ‘‘The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. 0. b. Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington 25, D. C.

CONTENTS

BAKER, EDWARD W. AND BALOCK, JOHN W.—MITES OF
THE FAMILY BDELGIDA BO 0 G47 Bi eee eae 176

CRAWFORD, J. C.—A NEW SERICOTHRIPS FROM BRAZIL
(THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAB) 000s) es Seems 200

FENNAH, R. G.—THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE TEGMINA
AND WINGS IN FULGOROIDEA (HOMOPTERA)... 185

OSORNO-MESA, ERNESTO—TWO NEW SPECIES OF HAE-
MAGOGUS FROM COLOMBIA, H. ANDINUS AND H.
BOSHELLI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)....-. 202-2 165

bine eh ot

VOL. 46 November, 1944 No. 8

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

Pus.iisnep Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust anD SEPTEMBER
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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOcIETY OF W ASHINGTON

VOL. 46 NOVEMBER, 1944 No. 8

STUDIES ON MOSQUITOES FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS
AND AUSTRALASIA (Diptera: Culicidae)

By Auan Stone, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, and Ricuarp M. Bonart, Lieutenant (jg) H-V(S), USNR.,
U, S, Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2.

A large amount of mosquito material from the islands of the
Pacific has become available for study as a result of recent ex-
tensive collecting by Army and Navy personnel. In the identi-
fication of these specimens several new species have been dis-
covered, as well as a need for a revision in our concept of some
others previously described. This paper is presented to make
the names of 8 new species and 2 new subgenera available for
those engaged in mosquito work in the Pacific area, and to point
out characters that will separate species which have been con-
fused in the past. Weare particularly indebted to entomologists
of the Army and Navy for submitting this material for study.
Holotypes of all the new species are deposited in the U. S.
National Museum.

Figures 1 to 10 were drawn by R. M. Bohart, figures 11 to 14
by Arthur D, Cushman.

THE AEDES (FINLAYA) KOCHI GROUP

Mosquitoes of the kochi group are characterized by having
spotted wings with broad wing scales, many-banded femora,
banded or spotted tibiae and tarsi, spotted or variegated
abdomen, indefinite yellowish or whitish scutal pattern, both
broad, appressed, and narrow, curved scales on the vertex
and on the scutellum, and outstanding scales apically on some
of the abdominal sternites. Superficially the group separates
into two color types: Black and whitish species such as koch1,
poicilia, knighti, and samoanus; and black and yellow species
such as flavipennis, avistyla, aranetanus, wallacet, and solomonis.
A study of male genitalia, however, indicates that solomonts is
much more closely related to kochi than to aranetanus or flavi-
pennis.

Brug (1934) points out differences among kochi, samoanus,
poicilia, and aranetanus in the claspette (harpago) of the male.
In order properly to appreciate such differences the claspette
should be removed from the genitalia and mounted separately

DEC 4

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

in order to obtain a profile view. The apical bladelike portion
of the claspette is slender and sharply pointed in aranetanus,
flavipennis, avistyla, and particularly in porcilia. It is sharply
pointed but broadly triangular in samoanus, whereas in knight,
kochi, and solomonts it is rather broad with the apex blunt.

It appears likely that all species of the group breed in water
collected in plants. All known larvae have characteristic
stellate hairs on the thorax and abdomen.

Key to ApuULTS OF THE Kocut Group

1. Femora without prominent, apical, ventral tufts of long outstanding
scales; tarsi mostly yellow, spotted with black.................... D
Femora with prominent, apical, ventral tufts of long outstanding scales.. 3
2. Abdominal tergites 2 to 4 with lateral margins almost entirely yellow,
particularly in the male, or with yellow in longitudinal streaks (Philip-
DIMES) Stave staethe’s es adware vaya era AOeenere cae aranetanus (Banks)!
Abdominal tergites 2 to 4 with lateral margins dark or variegated,
yellow markings appearing as spots or transverse, irregular marks,
not as longitudinal streaks (Philippines)........... flavipennis (Gile’).
3. First hind tarsal segment white and yellow, spotted with black, or at
least with more than 3 pale rings; second and third with black reduced. 4
First hind tarsal segment with 3 whitish rings; second and third with
broads basalldanks bandcrmreee eiiciciee tei terete ee eee 5
4, Fourth hind tarsal segment black and yellow, second and third yellow
with narrow rings of white and black; apical three-fifths of proboscis
in female largely or wholly yellow (Solomons). ..solomonis, new species.
Fourth hind tarsal segment all black, second and third white with nar-
row rings of yellow and black; proboscis of female with a median
yellow. rmg:(Newilxeland) 22 ah) oas42 54 snes eae wallacei Edwards.
. Pale bands of second and third hind tarsal segments about one-fourth
the length of the segments (New Georgia)........ knighti, new species.
Pale bands of second and third hind tarsal segments one-third to one-
half the length of the:segmients -)3..- 4444.1. 2 10a 6
6. Wing with 4 to 5 white spots on apical half of costa; female palpus with
apical third above snowy white (India and Malaysia)..............
potcilia (Theobald).
Wing with not more than 3 pale spots on apical half of costa; female
palpus) with less than apical fourth pale..:..,.--.-.-,..5 9) eee 7
7. Dark costal spot just beyond middle of wing usually at least twice as
long as the following pale spot (New Guinea, New Britain, New Ire-

mn

land4Solomons; Queensland) ysis ee kocht (Doenitz).
Dark costal spot just beyond middle of wing usually less than twice as
long as the following pale spot (Samoa)........ samoanus (Gruenberg).

1We have not seen specimens of avistyla Brug (1939), but judging from
Brug’s discussion and figures it would probably run to aranetanus, from which
it can be separated by male genitalia,

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 207

Key To THE Kocuit Group Basep on Mate GENITALIA

1. Dististyle with a strong subapical prong on the inner side............ 2
Dististyle without a prong on inmenside.... -.+-0240-- 0. eee 3
2. Basistyle with a subapical, ventral scale tuft in addition to the inner
SGAIOAAUUNE the ro SRC ee oe ee Pot el eee Pose ee aranetanus (Banks).
Basistyle only with an inner scale tuft................... avistyla Brug.
3. Basistyle without a specialized seta arising on the inner surface between
umerclaspettecandutne scalestult,., </se \acecaiaee cers ema ees oe ae 4
Basistyle with a specialized seta arising on the inner surface between the
elaspettemamdgtmesscaleltults. x.nasirsls amd ae eve et eee Re 6

4. Dististyle strongly bent at apical third; basistyle ventrally with 3 very
strong bristles toward base and a clump of 5 to 6 strong bristles near

FNSTExe.e ep ats So cL cM ee brag tae Oe a IIERS em Ma ee F flavipennis (Giles).
Dististyle somewhat curved but not strongly bent; basistyle without
SEROU eaDTISt es aTraneeduas ADOVES cisysyseris isleiele ss <2 od ed a seentas 5

5. Longest scales of scale tuft less than half the length of the basistyle. .. . .
potcilia (Theobald).

Longest scales of scale tuft about half the length of the basistyle........
knighti, new species.

6. Specialized seta with basal half about as broad as apical half; a row of

strong lateroventral bristles running from base to apex of basistyle. .. .
samoanus (Gruenberg).

Specialized seta with basal half very slender, apical half flattened and

CMA CC Meee crea teeter cent wares gin eae aretha Dhl ar ee es hn So hE 7
7. Basoventral patch of bristles on basistyle only slightly concentrated
basally ware te erwin erro ee tt ee ete kochi (Doenitz).

Basoventral patch of bristles on basistyle extending as far apically as
scale tuft, but concentrated basally into a well-defined circular clump. .
solomonts, new species.

Aedes (Finlaya) aranetanus (Banks)
(Fig. 3)
Finlaya aranetana Banks, 1906: 1001.

Aedes flavipennis (Giles), Edwards, 1922b: 465 (in part); 1926: 105; 1932: 149;
Brug, 1934: 513; 1939: 107.

Following Edwards (1922b) this species has been treated as a
synonym of flavipennis (Giles) and was discussed and figured
under that name by Brug (1934, 1939). It differs markedly in
the male genitalia as shown in figures 3 and 4. The species is
known only from the Philippines, where Banks (1906) recorded
it as breeding in the axils of banana leaves.

Material studied: 1 @ and 2 &o&@ cotypes, Negros Occiden-
tal; 1 pair, Fort McKinley, Rizal, Luzon; 1 9, Camp Stotsen-
berg, Pampanga, Luzon.

208 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

Aedes (Finlaya) avistyla Brug
(Fig. 5)
Aedes flavipennis avistyla Brug, 1939: 107.

According to Brug (1939) this species is hardly separable from
aranetanus (given by Brug as flavipennis) except in the male
genitalia, which have only a single scale tuft in avistyla. The
type series from Celebes and Boeton was collected as larvae in
leaf axils of taro and ina bamboo stump. As figured by Brug,
the postclypeal hair (d) of the larva has 3 to 4 branches, the
lower head hair (B) has 2 branches; the siphon is bare with an
index of about 2.4, and with 7 to 10 pecten teeth.

Aedes (Finlaya) flavipennis (Giles)
(Fig. 4)
Finlaya flavipennis Giles, 1904: 366.
Popea lutea Ludlow, 1905: 96.
Aedes flavipennis (Giles), Edwards, 1922b: 465 (in part); 1926: 105; 1932: 149.

The species is known only from the Philippine Islands. Ac-
cording to Ludlow (1905) the holotype male of /utea from Camp
Stotsenberg was collected near banana trees.

Material studied: A long series of specimens labeled “‘Popea
lutea Ludlow, P. I.”’; a series of specimens labeled “‘P. I.”’; and
1 ¢ from the island of Samar.

Aedes (Finlaya) solomonis, new species
(Fig. 9)
Aedes flavipennis (Giles), Knight, Bohart, and Bohart, 1944: 68.

Male——Length 3-4 mm., wing 2.4-2.6 mm. Median area of vertex with
broad, appressed, dark, and some pale, scales, mixed with narrow, curved,
whitish and upright, forked, dark scales, a few pale, upright scales anteriorly;
sides of vertex with broad, appressed, white scales and aspot of dark ones.
Torus dark brown with a patch of small, broad, yellow scales on inner side.
Proboscis about one-fourth longer than fore femur, rather stout, median dorsal
line mostly yellow, undersurface and sides of basal half clothed with somewhat
outstanding black scales, apical two-fifths with a mixture of yellow and dark
scales. Palpus slightly longer than proboscis, slightly swollen apically, banded
and spotted with yellow and white scales, penultimate segment mostly white
and yellow, apical segment dark in middle. Scutum with mixed narrow, curved
brown and whitish scales, the latter in indefinite patches; pronotum with broad
appressed white scales, posterior pronotum with a few yellow, and sometimes
with a few black, broad scales; scutellum with black, yellow and white, broad,
appressed scales and a few narrow, curved, pale ones. Pleuron with 2 or 3
postspiracular and no lower mesepimeral bristles; dark brown with many white,
broad scales in an irregular band and a patch beneath it. Wing elaborately
spotted with yellow, white, and dark brown, broad scales, 4 large, irregular, pale
spots along front margin, 2 of which are beyond middle of wing; fork of vein 2

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 209

slightly basad of that of vein 4. Halter all yellow or with a few dark scales on
knob: Legs: Coxae black with some pale scales; femora whitish to yellow, and
with many spots and bands of dark scales, apices with prominent tufts of long,
outstanding, yellow and black scales; tibiae and tarsi mostly yellow, spotted
with black; first hind tarsal with apical, basal, and medial white bands, second
and third hind tarsals whitish apically and narrowly dark basally, fourth hind
tarsal yellow with a variable amount of black, fifth all yellow; outer claw of fore
and mid tarsi with a strong tooth, hind tarsal claw simple. Abdomen mostly
yellow dorsally, with median indistinct dark spots and some scattered dark
scales; venter mostly dark scaled with some yellow and white scales and many
long golden hairs, outstanding dark scales at apices of sternites V to VII.
Genitalia (fig. 9): Basistyle about 3 times as long as width at base, with a long
membranous inner surface bearing a long tuft of scales and a hair patch medially,
many curved hairs and a specialized seta basally; claspette long, slender, flat-
tened toward apex, which is narrowly rounded; basistyle with a basoventral
patch of bristles extending as far apically as scale tuft but concentrated basally
into a well-defined circular patch, about 7 moderately long, lateral bristles,
stronger apically, many other smaller bristles and lateral scales; dististyle
slender, slightly curved, apical spine about three-fifths as long as dististyle;
lobes of ninth tergite with 1 or 2 bristles; mesosome simple.

Female.—Differs from male chiefly as follows: All upright scales of vertex
dark, proboscis slightly shorter than fore femur, apical two-thirds yellow, basal
third dark; palpus about one-fourth as long as proboscis, white-tipped and with
a few other pale scales. Mid and hind tarsal claws simple. Abdomen mostly
dark above, tergites II to V usually with 3 yellowish median spots.

Larva.—Very similar to Aedes samoanus (Gruenberg) but differing chiefly
as follows: Postclypeal hair (d) with 4 to 6 branches, lower head hair (B) with
3 to 4 branches; gills somewhat longer and more slender; siphon with an index of
about 2.5, very finely pilose, and with 10 or more pecten teeth.

Holotype.— #, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, March 1, 1944,
reared from larvae taken from palm tree (Lechner collector).
Paratypes:9 «and 13 ¢@ 9, same data as holotype;3 7 @
and 7 9 9, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, April 7, 1944 (C. R.
Bruck); 1 <, Bougainville, March 6, 1944, reared from larvae
‘collected in “‘axils of plants in swamp” (A. B. Gurney); 3 72,
1 9°, Bougainville, April 24 and May 12, 1944, reared from larva
taken from ‘‘Arum-like plant in swamp” (A. B. Gurney); 1 9,
Bougainville, April 27, 1944, reared from larvae from Pandanus
trees (A. B. Gurney). Type material deposited in U. S. Na-
tional Museum (Cat. No. 56977), British Museum, and Uni-
versity of Sydney,

This species is remarkably similar in coloration to aranetanus,
but the shaggy apices of the femora and the male genitalia
clearly indicate a close relationship to kocht, ‘The latter is
superficially very different, however.

210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

Aedes (Finlaya) wallacei Edwards

Aedes wallacei Edwards, 1926: 105; Taylor, 1934: 234; Knight, Bohart, and
Bohart, 1944: 34.

This species is known only from New Ireland. It was re-
corded by Taylor (1934) as breeding ‘‘exclusively in the axils
of the leaves of the various species of Pandanus.”’ ‘Taylor
further stated that the species entered houses to bite during the
night.

Aedes (Finlaya) knighti, new species
(Fig. 7)

Male.—Length 3.5 mm., wing 2.2mm. Vertex clothed with 5 spots of white,
and 4 spots of dark, broad, appressed scales, median area with a sprinkling of
dark, upright, forked, and pale, narrow, curved scales. Torus brown with a
patch of small, broad, yellow scales on inner side; proboscis about one-fourth
longer than fore femur, basal half mostly dark, yellowish median ring fairly
broad, apical third mostly dark above and with at least a broken line of pale
scales ventrally. Palpus slightly longer than proboscis, basal half with 3 broad,
pale bands, penultimate segment mostly dark, last segment with middle third
dark. Scutum with mixed brown and pale yellow, narrow, curved scales, the
latter in indefinite patches; pronotum with broad, appressed, yellowish scales on
both lobes; scutellum with narrow and broad, yellowish scales, a patch of broad,
dark scales on median lobe. Pleuron with about 5 postspiracular bristles and
no lower mesepimeral bristles; an irregular band of broad, whitish scales and a
patch beneath it. Wings spotted with groups of broad, pale, and dark scales,
4 large pale spots along front margin, 2 of which are beyond middle of wing;
fork of vein 2 somewhat basad of that of vein 4. Halter all pale. Legs:
Coxae brown with small patches of pale scales; femora with many black and
whitish bands, apices with moderate tufts of long, outstanding, yellow and
black scales; tibiae with 6 to 8 black and a similar number of whitish bands;
first hind tarsal with 3 narrow white bands, second and third with apical white
bands which are hardly one-fourth as long as their segments, fourth hind tarsal
all black, fifth all white; outer claw of fore and mid tarsi with a strong tooth,
hind tarsal claw simple. Abdomen yellow above, variegated with dark scales,
apically mostly yellow; venter mostly dark scaled with some yellowish scales
and many long golden hairs; outstanding dark scales at apices of sternites VI
and VII. Genitalia (fig. 7): Basistyle about 3.5 times as long as broad at base,
with a long membranous inner surface bearing a long tuft of scales and a hair
patch medially, many curved hairs but no large specialized seta basally; clasp-
ette long, slender, flattened toward apex and blunt; basistyle with about 7
moderately long lateral bristles in addition to many smaller bristles and lateral
scales; dististyle slender, slightly inflated medially, less than half as long as
basistyle, apical spine at least three-fourths as long as dististyle; lobes of ninth
tergite with a single bristle; mesosome simple.

Holotype ¢, and 2 .%& paratypes, Rendova Is., New
Georgia Group, Solomon Islands, August 1943 (K. L. Knight),
Types in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No, 56978).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 ZL

The restricted white bands on the second and third hind
tarsal segments distinguish knight from the 3 similarly marked
species of the group, kochi, samoanus, and poicilia. The male
genitalia are similar to those of poicilia in lacking the special-
ized seta of the basistyle and in having a short dististyle with a
long apical spine. However, knighti differs from poicilia in
having a longer scale tuft and a stouter basistyle.

Aedes (Finlaya) poicilia (Theobald)
(Fig. 6)
Finlaya poicilia Theobald, 1903: 283; 1907: 520 (in part); 1910: 464 (in part).
Finlaya poicilipes Theobald, 1903: xvii, plate 13 (lapsus).
Finlaya poialia (Theobald), Giles, 1904: 366 (emendation?).
Aedes poicilia (Theobald), Edwards, 1922a: 260; 1922b: 465; 1924: 380; 1932:
149.

Aedes kochi poicilia Edwards, 1926: 104; Brug, 1931: 23; 1934: 513.
Aedes poecilius (Theobald), Barraud, 1934: 157 (emendation).

According to Barraud (1934), poicilia occurs in India, the
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and the Philippines. The
type locality is Penang, Straits Settlements. The larval
habitat is recorded as the leaf axils of taro and Crinum in Java.
The larva, described by Brug (1931), has a finely pilose siphon,
3-branched postclypeal hair (d), and 2-branched lower head
hair (B).

Material studied: A long series of specimens from Mindanao,
Luzon, and Samar. Some of the Luzon (Camp Stotsenberg)
specimens were reared from a hole in a banana tree.

Aedes (Finlaya) kochi (Doenitz)
(Fig. 10)
Culex kochit Doenitz, 1901: 38.
Finlaya poicilia Theobald, 1907: 520 (in part).
Aedes kochi (Doenitz), Edwards, 1924: 380 (in part); 1926: 105; 1932: 149; Brug,
1934: 513; Knight, Bohart, and Bohart, 1944: 34.

There are specimens in the U. S. National Museum from New
‘Guinea (type locality), New Britain (Rabaul), Solomon Islands
(Bougainville, Treasury, Florida, Guadalcanal), and Queensland
(Palm Island and Malanda). It has also been recorded from
New Ireland, Tulagi, and Fiji. However, the specimens from
Fiji may represent an undescribed species, according to the
description of the larva and male genitalia given by Edwards
(1935). A larva from Fiji in the U. S. National Museum re-
sembles that of samoanus in having the siphon bare instead of
finely pilose as in kocht.

Aedes kochi has been reported as frequently entering habita-
tions and as breeding in axils of Pandanus and taro and in
coconut shells, =~

22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

The larva closely resembles that of solomonis. It differs in
having the postclypeal hair (d) with 6 to 8 branches, the lower
head hair (B) with 5 to 6 branches; the siphon somewhat more
strongly pilose, with an index of about 4.0, and with no more
than 8 pecten teeth.

Aedes (Finlaya) samoanus (Gruenberg)
(Fig. 8)
Finlaya samoana Gruenberg, 1913: 130.
Aedes kochi samoana (Gruenberg), Edwards, 1926: 105; 1928: 44; 1932: 149;
Brug, 19312321934:513.
Aedes kochi (Doenitz), Buxton and Hopkins, 1925: 298.
Aedes samoana (Gruenberg), Edwards, 1935: 129.
Aedes samoanus (Gruenberg), Knight, Bohart, and Bohart, 1934: 34.

The adult of this species is very similar to that of kochi. The
markings are somewhat variable and identification is best made
on the basis of the small specialized seta of the male basistyle.
It is probable that the species is restricted to Samoa, Tonga,
and associated islands. All the specimens in the U. S. National
Museum are from Samoa. ‘The record of a female samoanus
from Roviana, New Georgia, made by Paine and Edwards
(1929) may refer to knightt.

According to Edwards (1928), samoanus is a persistent and
irritating night biter. ‘The larvae are found in the axils of
Colacasia, Alocasia, and Cyrtosperma. ‘The larva has been
described by Buxton and Hopkins (1925). From an examina-
tion of a series of larvae in the U. S. National Museum, the
species is characterized by having the postclypeal hair (d) with
2 to 4 branches and the lower head hair (B) with 2 branches;
gills somewhat stouter than in kochi; siphon bare, with an
index of about 2.4, and with 8 to 10 pecten teeth.

NEW SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF AEDES
LUZONUS, new subgenus

Mottled species with very broad-scaled and spotted wings. Male antenna
with hairs directed mainly dorsally and ventrally. Male palpus (broken) with
first 2 segments as long as seven-eighths of proboscis. Proboscis about two-
fifths longer than front femur in male, swollen on apical one-fourth in male,
apical one-fifth in female. Vertex and scutellum with both broad and narrow
scales. No lower mesepimeral bristles. Fore and mid tarsal claws of male with
a basal tooth, hind tarsal claws simple. Eighth sternite of female not retracted ;
cerci very small. Male genitalia with simple, apically spined dististyle, tenth
sternite lobe 3-toothed, mesosome simple, claspettes absent.

Subgenotype, dedes (Luzonus) clavirostris, new species.
This subgenus resembles Finlaya, but the absence of claspettes
and the apically swollen proboscis in both sexes are distinctive,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 213

Aedes (Luzonus) clavirostris, new species
(Fig. 2)

Male.—Length about 3.5 mm., wing 3 mm. Median area of vertex with
narrow, curved, creamy-colored and upright forked, brown to creamy scales,
vertex laterally with a small patch of broad, appressed, black scales and a large
patch of broad, appressed, whitish ones. ‘Torus dark brown with many small,
oval, yellow scales on inner and dorsal surfaces; proboscis about two-fifths
longer than front femur, basal one-fifth dark with some outstanding scales
beneath, following two-fifths slender and yellow, apical two-fifths swollen and
with black and yellow scales mixed. Palpus broken beyond second segment,
basal half and apex of second segment mostly dark, bristles inconspicuous except
at apex of second segment. Scutum with narrow, curved, pale and dark scales
arranged in indefinite patches; pronotum with small, broad, appressed scales,
cream-colored on anterior pronotum, mostly dark on posterior pronotum.
Scutellum with broad, appressed, dark and cream-colored scales, some narrow,
curved, pale scales on lateral lobes. Pleuron with a few dark integumental
spots below anterior spiracle, broad cream-colored scales in a small patch on
postspiracular area, other cream-colored scales in 4 inconspicuous patches;
apparently 2 postspiracular bristles. Wing speckled with very broad mostly
heart-shaped black and yellow scales not arranged in definite spots, fork of
vein 2 basad of that of vein 4. Halter yellow basally, brown-scaled on knob.
Legs: Coxae partially dark scaled; femora in front mostly dark-scaled speckled
with pale scales, mostly pale behind on mid and hind legs; tibiae yellow, speckled
with brown, and with a dark apical spot; tarsi yellow, first segment speckled
and with a subapical dark spot, second tarsal with 2 dark spots, third tarsal
with a broad, dark, median spot, fourth and fifth tarsals with some dark median
scales most numerous on hind legs. Abdomen with a median dorsal stripe of
dark scales, sides of tergites and venter yellow with a speckling of dark scales,
venter with many long golden hairs. Genitalia (fig. 2): Dististyle slender,
tapering, with a short apical spine; basistyle with a pair of long, inner basal
bristles, no claspettes; lobe of tenth sternite with 3 apical teeth; mesosome
simple.

Female.—Differs from male chiefly as follows: Apical swelling of proboscis
smaller and comprising only one-fifth of its length, proboscis about one-third
longer than front femur; palpus about one-sixth as long as proboscis.

Holotype— %, Camp Nichols, Rizal, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, December 14, 1924 (G. McDonald). Paratype: 1 9,
Camp Stotsenberg, Pampanga, Luzon, Philippine Islands,
October 18, 1922. Type material in U. S. National Museum
(Cais Now 5697/9):

The superficial resemblance of clavirostris to Aedes (Finlaya)
flavipennis (Giles) and 4. (Finlaya) aranetanus (Banks) is
remarkable. Among other points the unbanded_ femora,
swollen proboscis, and broader wing scales of clavirostris readily
distinguish it, however.

214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

LEVUA, new subgenus

Dark species, without ornamentation. Scales on vertex narrow and curved
medially, broad and appressed laterally. Proboscis somewhat longer than
fore femur, not swollen. Palpus of female scarcely longer than clypeus, of
male about one-fifth length of proboscis. Male antenna not strongly plumose.
Scutellum probably with narrow scales only. No lower mesepimeral bristles.
Claws of female all simple; inner fore claw of male toothed. First hind tarsal
segment shorter than hind tibia. Cerci of female long. Male genitalia:
Basistyle with basal lobe but no apical lobe; dististyle rather short, with stout
subapical spine; claspette present, with slender terminal filament; mesosome
simple; ninth tergite with prominent lobes.

Subgenotype, Aedes (Levua) suvae,' new species.

This subgenus most closely resembles Geoskusea, but the
presence of claspettes and the very differently shaped dististyle
and its terminal spine readily separate it. The female differs
from Geoskusea in having the median scales of the vertex
narrow.

Aedes (Levua) suvae, new species
(Fig. 11)

Male.—Length about 3 mm., of wing 2.35 mm. Head dark brown; vertex
medially with narrow, curved, brown scales, laterally with broad, appressed,
dark scales; many erect, forked, dark scales. ‘Torus orange brown, with a few
narrow, dark scales; flagellum orange brown, the verticils composed of 10-12
evenly spaced hairs. Palpus dark, straight, slightly widened apically. Proboscis
slightly longer than fore femur. Scutum rather dark orange brown, the scales
slender, curved, brown, the setae abundant, nearly black. Pronotum without
scales; scutellum slightly paler, with very few scales (probably denuded);
postnotum bare, yellow brown; pleuron orange brown, paler along the sutures,
without scales except for a few broad, appressed, purplish-brown ones on |
sternopleuron. Wing with scales entirely dark, those on costa, subcosta, and
vein 1 somewhat broadened, the rest narrow. Halter with stem yellow, the
knob darker, with dark, rather broad scales. Legs dark brown, the coxae
yellowish. Abdomen dark browa. Genitalia (Fig. 11): Basistyle rather stout,
with stout setae on ventral margin near middle and 3 or 4 very stout setae on
inner margin near apex; a round, flattened, setose, basal lobe; a short claspette,
with densely setose stem and short attenuated filament; dististyle rather stout,
curved, with a stout, short, curved, black subapical spine; mesosome oval,
setose, with a median fold; tenth sternite with rounded, heavily sclerotized apex;
ninth tergite somewhat triangular, with short setae from tubercules on the
inner surface.

Female.—Length 4 mm., length of wing 3 mm. _ As in male except as follows:
Palpus about length of clypeus, the last segment flattened and turned inward;

1 Since the manuscript of this paper went to the printer, we have received a
copy of the “Mosquito Control Training Manual,” by David W. Amos, printed
by the Fiji Times & Herald, Suva, 1944. In this publication, what appears to
be this species is given under the name of Aedes geoskusea. ‘This inadvertent
use of a subgeneric name as a specific name apparently validates it as a specific
name, and hence geoskusea replaces suvae.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 215

verticils of flagellum with 5-6 setae; postnotum darker; eighth tergite and
cerci pale yellowish brown, the latter long oval.

Larva.—Length 6 mm. Head distinctly broader than long. Antenna
slender, tapering slightly and evenly, its length slightly less than one-half
width of head; a very few fine spicules on apical half; hair tuft 2-branched,
placed slightly before middle. Clypeal spines moderately stout, yellow, curved
downward and slightly inward; anteantennal hair (A) with about 8 branches;
lower head hair (B) single, about as long as antenna, placed about on line
between hairs A; upper head hair (C) with 5-6 branches, placed almost directly
behind B; no postclypeal hair (d); sutural hair (e) and transutural hair (f) both
double. Thorax: Prothoracic submedian hairs in a longitudinal row, the an-
terior one short, double, the other two longer, single, the posterior one longest;
a small multiple tuft posterior and laterad of these. Mesothoracic pleural hair
and metathoracic pleural hairs each with a very short basal spine. Abdomen:
First segment with 1 single and 1 double lateral hair; lateral hairs of segments
2-4 double. Comb scales of eighth segment in a large patch, the individual
scales very small, yellowish, broadened apically, with an apical fringe; eighth
segment with 2 siphonal tufts, one short and multiple, one longer and single;
2 large, multiple subsiphonal tufts; 2 anal tufts, 1 single, 1 triple. Siphonal
index about 3, tapering very little; pecten of about 15 evenly spaced teeth on
basal half, each with 1, or occasionally 2, fine lateral teeth; a large multiple tuft,
with a swollen base, a short distance beyond the pecten. Dorsal saddle of
anal segment small, indistinctly defined; dorsal hair group a long single hair
and a shorter multiple tuft; gills 4, very short and stout, the ventral pair slightly
longer than the dorsal pair; ventral brush well developed.

Holotype.— % and paratype ¢@, Suva, Fiji, 1944, collected
by S. T. Helms. Types in U. S. National Museum (Cat. No.
56980).

The larval description is based on five specimens collected in
crab holes at the type locality by S. T. Helms.

Aedes (Geoskusea) daggyi, new species
(Fig. 12)

Male.—Length 3-4 mm., wing 2.4-2.7 mm. Scales of head broad, appressed,
dark brown, with lavender reflections, a few near eye margin yellowish; erect
scales of vertex dark brown. ‘Torus dark brown, without scales. Proboscis
dark brown, about one-fourth longer than fore femur, the basal three-fifths
compressed, the apical portion depressed. Palpus about one-sixth to one-
seventh length of proboscis, slightly swollen apically. Thorax rather dark
brown, somewhat paler along the pleural sutures and bordering the supra-alar
area; pronotum without scales; scutum with dark brown, lanceolate scales;
scutellum with rather broad, appressed, dark-brown scales. Several strong
sternopleural bristles; no lower mesepimeral bristles; a few broad, yellowish
scales on sternopleuron and upper mesepimeron. Wing scales all dark brown,
mostly narrow; fork of vein 2 slightly distad of that of vein 4. Halter pale
yellow, with knob dark brown. Legs: Coxae yellowish brown, the fore coxa with
brownish scales anteriorly, the hind coxa with pale yellow-brown scales; rest

216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

of legs with dark-brown scales except for yellowish scales on posterior surfaces
of fore and mid femora ventrobasally and on anterior and posterior surface of
hind femur on basal half or more; hind tibia on apical half posteriorly with
semi-erect scales but with only a few scattered bristles; first hind tarsal segment
with similar scales on basal fourth ventrally; outer claw of fore tarsus with a
strong tooth; claws of mid and hind tarsi simple. Abdomen dark brown with
basal yellow bands, broadened at sides and greatly narrowed or even broadly
interrupted medially. Genitalia (fig. 12): Basistyles nearly 6 times as long as
width at base, with a large ventrally directed lobe at apical third; portion of basi-
style basad of this lobe strongly bowed outward, the portion beyond parallel
with that of other side; lobe acuminate, about as long as dististyle, heavily
clothed with fine yellowish hairs on the somewhat flattened median surface;
basistyles with setae the entire length, finer and denser on inner surface of curved
portion; dististyle about one-third length of basistyle, narrow, with an apical
spine about half as long as dististyle; lobes of ninth tergite small, each with 2 or
3 setae; mesosome simple.

Female.—Only slightly larger than male; structure as in male except for the
sexual differences in the antenna and abdomen, and the simple tarsal claws;
proboscis slightly shorter in relation to fore femur. Color as in male.

Larva.—Length about 6 mm. Head slightly broader than long; antenna
slender, tapering slightly and evenly, its length about one-half width of head;
spicules sparse and fine; hair tuft 2-4 branched, placed slightly before middle.
Clypeal spines very slender, nearly straight; anteantennal hair (A) with about
10 branches; lower head hair (B) single, longer than antenna, placed slightly
posterior to hair A; upper head hair (C) nearly as long as hair B, 2-3 branched,
located about width of antenna from hair B and at 45 degrees; the two C hairs
about 3.5 times as far apart as C is from B; postclypeal hair (d) very small,
about 3-branched, the branches again branched; sutural hair (e) simple; tran-
sutural hair (f) with 4 or 5 branches. Thorax: Prothoracic submedian hairs;
inner long, double, median short, multiple, outer rather short. 2-branched, the
median one most posterior, the outer one most anterior. Mesothoracic pleural
hair group with a rather short basal spine; metathoracic pleural hair group with
a very short basal spine. Abdomen: Lateral tuft of first segment with 1 triple
and 1 single hair, of segments 2-4 double. Comb scales of eighth segment in a
large patch, the individual scales very small, yellowish, broadened apically,
with an apical fringe; eighth segment with 2 siphonal tufts, one short and double,
one longer and single; 2 larger subsiphonal tufts, one with 4 hairs, one single;
1 anal tuft with 6 short hairs. Siphonal index about 2.4; pecten of about 16
evenly spaced teeth on basal half; each tooth with 1, or occasionally 2, lateral
spines; tuft of 3 hairs, situated about length of pecten tooth from end of pecten.
Dorsal saddle of anal segment not reaching middle of side; dorsal hair group a
long single hair and a shorter tuft; gills 4, stout, about as long as saddle; ventral
brush well developed.

Holotype.— &@, Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, July 24, 1943,
R. H. Daggy. Paratypes: 15 9 9, 53 #2, Espiritu Santo,
New Hebrides, July, August, and October; 1 9, Te Ai River,
Efate I., New Hebrides, October 27, 1943; 1 @, Yankee Creek,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 217.

Teneru Area, Guadalcanal, Solomon Is., December 21, 1943;
1 ¢,3 a@&, Cervaga Creek, Guadalcanal, Solomon Is., June
26, 1943; 2 99, 2 #2, Tillotsen Cove, Banika I., Russell
Group, Solomon Is., August 21, 1943. Paratypes collected
by R. H. Daggy and by Kenneth L. Knight. Type material
deposited in U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 56981), British
Museum, University of Sydney, and University of Minnésota.

This species is closely related to Aedes fimbripes Edwards
from New Britain but lacks the characteristic long hairs of the
hind tibia of the male of that species. The genitalia also differ
in having hairs on the basistyle basad of the lobe.

The larval description is based upon two lots of material from
the New Hebrides. One of these lots was collected from ground
water pools on Pellikula Peninsula, Espiritu Santo, November
1, 1943, by Dr. Knight, and the second from land crab holes
on Ulilappa I., south of Espiritu Santo, July 25, 1943, by Dr. °
Daggy. ‘The specimens from Ulilappa Island differ slightly
from the others in having the lateral spines of the pecten teeth
slightly shorter and more distad. All the adults were found in
crab holes.

Aedes (Stegomyia) gurneyi, new species
(Fig. 14)

Male and female—Head, thorax, and legs apparently colored exactly as in
Aedes (S.) albopictus (Skuse), the pleural scales being in irregular patches rather
than arranged in straight lines. Abdomen much as in albopictus, but the
white bands on tergites III to VI, at least, are distinctly separated from the
bases of the segments, with the anterior margin of each distinctly curved,
rather than being entirely basal and straight anteriorly. Male genitalia (fig.
14): As in figure. The rather elongate basal lobe of the basistyle, with its
straight setose surface, and the shape of the ninth tergite readily distinguish this
from albopictus and related species.

Larva.—Length 6.5-7.0 mm. Head slightly broader than long; antenna
about 6 times as long as width at base, scarcely tapering, its length about one-
third width of head; no spicules; a single antennal hair about at middle. Clypeal
spines small and slender, curved downward; anteantennal hair (A) double or
triple; lower head hair (B) and upper head hair (C) both single, the latter about
opposite hair A and almost directly behind hair B; postclypeal hair (d) of 20
fine hairs, or more, arising at the same level from a common stem; sutural hair
(e) and transutural hair (f) both very fine, single. Thorax: Prothoracic sub-
median hairs 3, one double, one single, and one triple, the latter posterior and
considerably the largest; mesothoracic and metathoracic pleural hair groups
each with a very short basal spine. Abdomen: Lateral tuft of segment 1 of 4-5
hairs; of following segments variable, 1-3. Comb scales of eighth segment 5-8,
the bases of most or all of them joined by a sclerotized area; each scale with a
long slender apical tooth without a lateral fringe, but occasionally a few small
lateral teeth at base; 2 siphonal tufts, one single, one triple; 2 subsiphonal

218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

tufts, one single, one 4-haired; 1 anal tuft of 4 hairs. Siphonal index 2.6-3.0, its
greatest width near middle; pecten of 6-7 rather irregular spaced teeth, reaching
about to middle of siphon, each tooth with one or several small lateral teeth;
hair tuft well beyond pecten, with 3 or 4 hairs. Dorsal saddle well sclerotized,
not joined ventrally; saddle hair double or triple, arising from a non-sclerotized
spot; dorsal hairs long, 1 single, 1 double; anal gills 4, stout, about as long as
siphon; ventral brush of about 6 bars with relatively few hairs.

Holotype.— &*, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, January 28,
1944 (reared from tree hole in jungle), A. B. Gurney collector.
Paratypes: 28 9 9, 25 #7, collected on Bougainville during
January, February, and March, 1944, by A. B. Gurney and
by C. R. Bruck. ‘Type material deposited in U. S. National
Museum (Cat. No. 56982), British Museum, and University of
Sydney.

The larval description is based upon specimens reared from
tree holes on Bougainville. ‘The larva has also been collected
from a swamp pond on Bougainville and from Pandanus leaf
on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It can readily be disting-
uished by the sclerotized area surrounding the bases of the

comb scales.

Aedes (Stegomyia) marshallensis, new species
(Fig. 13)

Male.—Head apparently exactly as in Aedes (S.) hebrideus Edwards except
that the white spots on the palpus, particularly the two basal ones, are usually
considerably smaller. Thorax as in hebrideus, with the pleural scales arranged
in two well-defined parallel stripes. Wings entirely dark scaled. Legs as in
hebrideus except as follows: No white spot at tip of fore femur; white spot at
base of fore tarsus 2 greatly reduced or absent; white tarsal bands of mid legs
considerably reduced; bands of hind tarsus much narrower, each never more than
one-fourth of length of segments 1-4 and not more than one-half of length of
segment 5. Abdomen colored much as in hebrideus, the bands considerably
behind anterior margins of segments, and broadly broken on tergite II, usually
narrowly so on tergite III; spot on side of tergite II broad, not forming a narrow
crescent. Genitalia (fig. 13): Resembling that of hebrideus, but differing
markedly in the shape of the basal lobe, as shown in figure.

Female.—Coloration essentially as in male. White of palpus confined to a
small spot at apex.

Larva.—Length 6.0-6.5 mm. Head slightly broader than long; antenna
slender, scarcely tapering, its length about one-third width of head; no spicules;
a single antennal hair at, or slightly beyond, middle. Clypeal spines very
slender, curved downward; anteantennal hair (A) double; lower head hair (B)
and upper head hair (C) both single, both anterior to hair A; hair C well behind
hair B; postclypeal hair (d) a tuft of about 9 hairs arising at the same level from
a common stem; sutural hair (e) and transutural hair (f) both very fine, single.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 219

Thorax: Prothoracic submedian hairs 2 tufts of 3 hairs each, one directly
anterior to and smaller than the other; mesothoracic and metathoracic pleural
hair tufts each with a very short basal spine. Abdomen: Lateral tuft of first
segment of 5-6 hairs; of second, 2-3; of segments 3—5 double; of 6 single; of 7
double. Comb scales of eighth segment 8-12, in a curved row, each with a
single sharp apical spine or 2 or even 3 equal spines, and a lateral fringe of fine
hairs on each side; eighth segment with 2 siphonal tufts, one of 4-5 hairs, one
single; 2 subsiphonal tufts, one single, one of 5-6 hairs; 1 anal tuft of 5 hairs.
Siphonal index 2.0-2.4; pecten of 7-8 evenly spaced teeth, each with 1 or 2
lateral spines; a tuft of 3 hairs at about middle of tube, beyond last pecten
tooth. Dorsal saddle of anal segment reaching nearly to midline but never
joined ventrally; saddle hair double; dorsal hairs long, 1 single, 1 double; gills 4,
stout, usually twice length of saddle, sometimes considerably shorter; ventral
brush of about 6 bars with relatively few hairs.

Holotype— %, Airok Island, Ailinglaplap Atoll, Marshall
Islands, June 6, 1944. Paratypes:2 #0, 12 92 9, same lo-
cality, June 4-6, 1944;4 77,6 9 9, Ebon Isl and, Ebon Atoll
Marshall Islands, June 11- 13, 1944; 2 3,8 Q 9, Namarik,
Namarik Atoll, Marshall Islands, June 17, 1944: G6) COs
Kili Island, Marshall Islands, June 8, 1944. All collected by
D. A. Treat. Type material deposited in U.S. National Museum
(Cat. No. 56983), British Museum, and University of Sydney.

The larval description is based upon specimens from Namarik,
but larvae were collected at all of the four localities at which
adults were taken. Probably the best characters to distinguish
the larva from that of hebrideus are the frequent occurrence of
2-spined, or even 3-spined, comb scales, the spines of approxi-
mately equal length, and the incomplete sclerotization of the
anal segment.

A REVIEW OF THE TYPE MATERIAL OF CULEX FIDELIS DYAR

Culex fidelis Dyar was synonymized by Edwards (1929) with
Culex brevipalpis (Giles). An examination of the four cotype
males of fidelis in the U. S. National Museum shows that this
synonymy is correct for three of the cotypes, but the fourth
cotype proves to be a new species belonging to the subgenus
Lophoceraomyta.

We have used the original spelling for this subgenus rather
than Lophoceratomyia as used by Edwards and other authors.
As Neave (1939: 996) has indicated, the name Lophoceraomyia
Theobald has priority over Lophoceratomyia Theobald. Lopho-
ceraomyia Theobald is a monobasic genus with unziformis 'Theo-
bald as type. The type of Lophoceratomyza is given by Edwards
as fraudatrix Theobald.

220 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

Culex (Lophoceraomyia) lavatae, new species
(Fig. 1)
Culex fidelis Dyar, 1920: 180 (in part).

Male.—Length 3.0 mm., wing 2.2mm. Vertex with hairlike, yellowish, and
narrow, curved, white scales intermixed with many upright, forked, brownish
scales, a patch of broad, appressed, white scales at extreme side of vertex.
Torus unscaled, with a strong, toothlike prominence at inner dorsal angle;
flagellum without specialized setae on VI (torus counted as segment I), 4 slender
setae on VII, a short tuft of 6 setae and 2 longer setae on VIII, a long tuft of
4 setae on IX. Proboscis dark, about one-fifth longer than front femur, some
stiff bristles beneath at base. Palpus longer than proboscis by half length of
last segment, barely swollen at apex, dark, with very few bristles. Scutum with
narrow, curved, uniformly golden-brown scales, a few similar scales on pronotum.
Scutellum with very narrow scales, which are somewhat paler scales than those
on scutum. Pleuron without visible scales. Wings dark scaled. Halter
ochreous with a few dark scales on knob. Legs brown, femora paler beneath.
Abdomen brown, unbanded, paler beneath and with many long fine hairs.
Genitalia (fig. 1): Basistyle with an inner row of 6 bristles; subapical lobe bearing
a rod, 2 slightly longer bent-tipped setae, 4 stout bristles, and a slender leaflet;
dististyle somewhat curved, evenly tapering, with a small apical tooth; mesosome

with lateral process spiny tipped and toothed along outer side, median process
bladelike.

Holotype.— &, Los Bafios, Philippine Islands, July 28, 1915.
U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 56984).

The holotype specimen is one of the four cotypes of Culex
(Neoculex) fidelis Dyar, the other 3 being specimens of brevi-
palpis (Giles). Dyar’s description of the male palpi and geni-
talia indicates that fidelis should be given as a synonym of
brevipalpis. Of the two females tentatively associated with the
males of fidelis by Dyar, one is C. (Culex) fuscocephalus Theo-
bald and the other is a Lophoceraomyia possibly referable to
lavatae.

Culex lavatae belongs in the mammulifer group of Lophocerao-
myta by virtue of the inner dorsal projection on the male torus.
The relatively simple male antenna indicates a relationship to
minor Leicester and minutissimus (Theobald), but the presence
of setae on segments VII to IX in Javatae is distinctive. The
mesosome differs from any previously described.

Culex (Neoculex) brevipalpis (Giles)
Stegomyia brevipalpis Giles, 1902: 384.
Culex fidelis Dyar, 1920: 180 (in part).

The cotype specimen on which Dyar based his original de-
scription of the male genitalia is here designated as the lecto-
type of fidelis Dyar.

REFERENCES CITED
Banks, C. S., 1906. A list of Philippine Culicidae with descriptions of new
species. Philippine Jour. Sci. 1: 977-1005.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 22)

Barravp, P. J., 1934. Fauna of British India. Diptera, vol. 5. Taylor and
Francis, London.
Brus, S. L., 1931. Culiciden der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedi-
tion. Arch. f. Hydrobiol. Supp.-Bd. 9: 1-42.
1934. Notes on Dutch East Indian Mosquitoes. Bul. Ent.
Res. 25: 501-519.
1939. Notes on Dutch.East Indian Mosquitoes. Tijdschr. v.
Ent. 82: 91-113.
Buxton, P. A., and Horxins, G. H. E., 1925. The early stages of Samoan
mosquitoes. Bul. Ent. Res. 15: 295-301.
Doenirz, W., 1901. Ueber Stechmuecken. Insektenbérse 18: 34-38.
Dyar, H. G., 1920. A collection of mosquitoes from the Philippine Islands.
Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 8: 175-186.
Epwarps, F. W., 1922a. A synopsis of adult oriental culicine mosquitoes.
Part 1. Indian Jour. Med. Res. 10: 249-293.
1922b. A synopsis of adult oriental culicine mosquitoes. Part
2. Indian Jour. Med. Res. 10: 430-475.
1924. <A synopsis of the adult mosquitoes of the Australasian
Region. Bul. Ent. Res. 14: 351-401.
1926. Mosquito notes.—VI. Bul. Ent. Res. 17: 101-131.
1928. Insects of Samoa. Part 6, fasc. 2, Diptera. Pp. 1-102.
1929. Philippine Nematocerous Diptera. Part 2. Notulae
Ent. 9: 1-14.
1932. Genera Insectorum. Family Culicidae. Fasc. 194.
P. Wytsman, Brussels.
1935. Mosquito notes.—XII. Bul. Ent. Res. 26: 127-136.
Gires, G. M., 1902. A handbook of gnats or mosquitoes. 2nd Ed. London.
1904. Notes on some mosquitoes, etc., received from the
Philippine Islands and Angola, with some incidental
remarks upon classification. Jour. Trop. Med. and
Hyg. (London) 7: 366-369.
GrRuENBERG, K., 1913. Zur Kenntnis der Culiciden-Fauna von Samoa. Ent.
Rundschau 30: 130-131.
Knieut, K. L., Bonart, R. M., and Bonarrt, G. E., 1944. Keys to the mos-
quitoes of the Australasian Region. National
Research Council, Washington, pp. 1-71.
Luptow, C. S., 1905. Mosquito notes. Canad. Ent. 37: 94-102.
NeaveE, S. A., 1939. Nomenclator zoologicus 2: 1-10025 (D-L).
Paine, R. W., and Epwarps, F. W., 1929. Mosquitoes from the Solomon
Islands. Bul. Ent. Res. 20: 303-316.
Taytor, F. H., 1934. The Diptera of the Territory of New Guinea. I. Linn.
Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 59: 229-236.
THEOBALD, F. V., 1903. A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. Vol. 3.
British Museum.
——— ——— 1907. A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. Vol. 4.
British Museum.
1910. A monograph of the Culicidae of the world. Vol. 5.
British Museum,

——

PLATE 16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

3. Aedes aranetanus 4. Aedes flavipennis

| 222 |

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 17

Mad

S.avistyta 6. poicilia 7. knighti

E OE
vg
Wi a
SS

8.samoanus 9.solomonis 10. kochi

PLATE 18 PROc. ENT. SOc. WASH., VoL. 46

13. marshallensis
[224 |

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 225

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES

1. Culex lavatae, n. sp., male; a, ventral view of mesosome, tenth sternite
included on left; b, basistyle and dististyle; c, antennal segments 6 to 9 (torus
counted as 1). 2. Aedes clavirostris, n. sp.; a, palpus and proboscis of female;
b, tip of dististyle enlarged; c, tip of tenth sternite enlarged; d, male genitalia,
ventral, bristles shown at left, scales at right. 3. Aedes aranetanus (Banks),
male genitalia, ventral, scales on left, bristles on right. 4. Aedes flavipennis
(Giles), dististyle, basistyle, and claspette of male.

5. Aedes avistyla Brug, outline of basistyle and dististyle (redrawn from
Brug, 1939). 6. Aedes poicilia (Theobald), outline of basistyle and dististyle.

7. Aedes knightt, n. sp., outline of basistyle and dististyle. 8. Aedes samoanus
(Gruenberg), outline of basistyle, dististyle, and two enlarged views of special-
ized seta. 9. Aedes solomonis, n. sp., same view as preceding but with bristles
shown. 10. Aedes kochi (Doenitz), same view as preceding but bristles omitted.

11. Aedes suvae, n. sp., male genitalia, ventral. 12. Aedes daggyi, n. sp., male
genitalia, oblique ventral view. 13. Aedes marshallensis, n. sp., male genitalia,
ventral. 14. Aedes gurneyi, n. sp., male genitalia, ventral.

THE GENUS LACHNOMYRMEX, WITH THE DESCRIPTION
OF A SECOND SPECIES (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

By Marton R. Smiru, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S.
Department of Agriculture

Since 1910 the genus Lachnomyrmex has been known from the
single species scrobiculatus Wheeler, of Guatemala. This
article describes a second species from Barro Colorado Island,
Canal Zone. In reviewing the generic and specific descriptions,
the author has found a number of mistakes which should be
corrected, especially since these errors unfortunately have
already been repeated in literature, by both Wheeler and
Emery.

LACHNOMYRMEX Wheeler

Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 28: 263; Emery,
1922, Genera Insect. Fasc, 174 C: 245, 269; Wheeler, 1922, Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist. Bul. 45: 670. Genotype, Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus Wheeler
Monobasic.

Corrections and additions to the detailed generic description
given by Wheeler: Antenna of worker and female 11-segmented,
not 12-segmented as stated. Anterior border of clypeus not
rounded and entire as described but with a median incision
and a slight emargination on each side of the incision. Eye of
worker with approximately 5—7 facets in its greatest diameter,
ending anteroventrally in a distinct angle. Mandible of
worker with 4 or 5 teeth, 2 near the apex of the masticatory
border, 1 near the middle, and 1 or 2 near the base.

The following key will distinguish the workers of the two
species:

226 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

Head distinctly longer than broad (approximately one and one-tenth times
as long as broad). Mesonotum, in profile, meeting the mesoepinotal
impression in a very distinct angle. [Epinotal spines neither unusually
long nor directed dorsally at a very pronounced angle. Sculpturing of
head and thorax maimly rugulose.. <3. 2. 42.92. - aes haskinst, new species

Head not distinctly longer than broad. Mesonotum, in profile, not meet-
ing the mesoepinotal impression in a very distinct angle. Epinotal spines
unusually long, directed dorsally at a very pronounced angle. Sculpturing
of head and thorax very coarse, mainly rugulose reticulate. (Color dark
reddishsbrowin) aac aes oony woe eI eee cea scrobiculatus Wheeler

SS

asl

4,
a

‘es

\\
AN
/, iN
Hi
| Mi i!

Uf
I
a

Lachnomyrmex haskinst, new species. Tig. 1.—Profile of worker. Fig. 2.—
Head; a, mandible. (Illustrations by Sara H. DeBord.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944 227

Lachnomyrmex haskinsi, new species
(Figs. 1, 2, and 2a)

Worker.—Length 2.3 mm.

Head, exclusive of mandibles, approximately one and one-tenth times as long
as broad, with rounded posterior border and rounded posterior corners. Fron-
tal carinae distant from each other, almost right angular in front, continued
posteriorly on each side as the mesal border of the very prominent antennal
scrobe. Eye placed anterior to middle of side of head, with 5 facets in its
greatest diameter, ending anteroventrally in a distinct angle. Broad antennal
scrobe above eye not attaining posterior border of head, anteriorly confluent
with antennal fovea. Antenna 1l-segmented; scape incrassated throughout
approximately two-thirds its length; funiculus with a prominent 2-segmented
club which is approximately as long as remainder of funiculus, the terminal
segment about twice length of preceding segment. No frontal area or frontal
groove. Anterior border of clypeus with a distinct median incision and an
emargination on each side of incision. Mandible with 5 teeth; 2 at apex of
masticatory border, 1 near middle, and 2 near base. Promesonotum convex
but not so strongly as in scrobiculatus, the suture separating pronotum from
mesonotum absent. Posterior part of mesonotum, in profile, meeting the
mesoepinotal impression in a very distinct angle. Epinotum lower than
promesonotum, bearing 2 spines which are directed dorsally only moderately,
base of epinotum shorter than declivity. Metasternal angle on each side sharp,
spinelike. Middle and hind tibiae without spurs. Petiole, in profile, with a
short node, the ventral surface of peduncle carinate and also with a small
tooth near base. Postpetiole, in profile, with a distinct anteroventral tooth;
from above, postpetiole approximately two and one-third times as broad as
long, with a straight anterior border and somewhat converging sides posteriorly.
Gaster globose, without basal angles.

Mandible with a few scattered, piligerous punctures in addition to the fine
striae near base. Middle of clypeus with 4 longitudinal rugulae including the
ones at lateral borders. Head, thorax, petiole, and postpetiole sculptured for
the most part with longitudinal rugulae, the sculpturing especially coarse on
head and thorax. Antennal scrobes, epinotal declivity, and gaster smooth and
shining. Mandibles shining regardless of the sculpturing.

Hairs rather abundant, varying from long to unusually long, somewhat
curved; absent from most of gaster except apex, more reclinate on appendages.

Brown; gaster darker than remainder of body; sides of prothorax,apex of
gaster, and appendages lighter.

Type locality.—Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone.
Described from a single worker collected in a Berlese trap by
James Zetek during February or March 1944 and bearing

Zetek No. 5121 and U. S. National Museum No. 56906.
This ant is named for Caryl P. Haskins.

Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus Wheeler

Lachnomyrmex scrobiculatus Wheeler, 1910, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 28:
263-265, fig. 3 a, b, and c; worker, female.

228 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 8, NOV., 1944

Type locality.—Cacao, Trece Aguas in Alta Vera Paz, Guate-
mala, E. A. Schwarz and H. S.. Barber. Described from 1
female and 6 workers which bear U. S. National Museum No.
13199. The author has examined the female and 2 workers.
Wheeler (p. 265) states, “this ant is evidently a timid species,
living in small concealed colonies like the species of Rogeria and

Leptothorax.”

Actual date of publication, November 21, 1944.

ANNOUNCEMENT

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SMITH, ‘MARION R.—THE GENUS LACHNOMYRME ,
TION OF A SECOND SPECIES aa ia as

4h 3h

Ge a

See a

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VOL. 46 December, 1944 No. 9

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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PLATE 19 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46

AUGUST BUSCK

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENromotoaicaL Society or WASHINGTON

VOL. 46 DECEMBER, 1944 No. 9

AUGUST BUSCK
1870-1944

August Busck, past President of this Society and an active
member since 1896, died on March 7, 1944. He had been in
poor health for more than a year but was active until within a
few weeks of his death. With his passing America loses her
foremost microlepidopterist and the present generation of
American lepidopterists their most helpful friend. During the
greater part of the past half century three names, Walsingham,
Meyrick, and Busck, held preeminence in the taxonomy of the
Microlepidoptera. Busck maintained an intimate and friendly
relationship with his two colleagues and deferred to them as his
seniors in science and to Edward Meyrick in particular as the
master lepidopterist of his time; but in some respects Busck
was the most progressive of the three. His chosen field was
narrower, for he confined himself almost exclusively to the
American fauna and to the lepidopterous groups formerly known
as the Tineina and Tortricina. He described a few exotic
genera and species, and his knowledge of the Old World fauna
was comprehensive; but the bulk of his descriptions, something
over six hundred, were of American groups. If he had so
chosen, he could have added a thousand more names to our
lists, but he was loath to describe a new species unless there
was some real scientific or economic need for a designation. He
was no species monger, nor was he fixed in any convenient rut
of taxonomic procedure. ‘Thoroughly abreast of every new
departure in technique and taxonomy he was ready to try any
one that promised to advance a more natural classification
however much it might disturb traditional practices or concepts,
and was one of the first to apply genitalic characters consistently
to the classification of the various categories in the Microlepi-
doptera.

August Busck was born in Randers, Denmark, February 18,
1870, and educated at Ordrup College and the Royal University,
Copenhagen, at which latter institution he studied under Pro-
fessors Lutken, Steenstrup, and Warming, receiving his M. A.
and Ph..B. degrees in 1893. Between 1889 and 1893 he served
as an instructor in zoology and botany at Ordrup College and
the Copenhagen High School. In 1893 he came to the World’s
Columbian Exhibition at Chicago as a tourist and that same

25) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

year moved to Charles Town, W. Va., where he became a
partner in the wholesale floristry business of F. M. Pennock &
Co. At Charles Town he became a citizen of the United States
and until his death retained his voting privileges in West
Virginia. In March 1896 he was appointed assistant to the
late Theodore Pergande in the Division of Entomology of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture, becoming shortly thereafter
specialist in Microlepidoptera and continuing his connection
with the Department of Agriculture without interruption until
his retirement in 1940.

He was a member of the U. S. Fish Commission Expedition to
Puerto Rico in 1898-99, making a general entomological survey
of the island and, especially, collecting the scale insects there.
In 1901 he investigated the Cocos-palm disease in Cuba and
in 1904 was in charge of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology exhibit
at the World’s Fair of St. Louis, Mo. He investigated the
mosquito fauna of the West Indies from Trinidad to Santo
Domingo in 1905 under the auspices of the Carnegie Institute,
and made a similar investigation of the mosquito fauna of the
Canal Zone for the Panama Canal Commission in 1907. The
results of these two expeditions were embodied in the Howard,
Dyar, and Knab monograph of the ‘““Mosquitoes of North and
Middle America and the West Indies.”’ During 1908 he visited
England, collaborating with his friend Lord Walsingham on the
Microlepidoptera (vol. 4) of the Biologia Centrali-Americana.
He was a member of the Smithsonian Panama Expedition of
1911-12, which resulted in the largest single collection of insects
made in that region. The Lepidoptera he collected there were
reported on by Dyar and himself in separate papers in the
Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum for 1915. In 1915
he made an investigation of the pink bollworm of cotton in the
Hawaiian Islands for the Federal Horticultural Board. From
1917 to 1919 he was their representative in charge of investiga-
tions of the same insect in Mexico, and in 1921 conducted a
pink bollworm survey in British Guiana and the West Indies.
During 1925 he visited Canada and in 1932 made a second trip
to England and Denmark. He retired as entomologist of the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine on his seventieth
birthday in February 1940, and shortly thereafter went to
Hawaii on a Yale Fellowship to arrange and identify the
Microlepidoptera of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. In
November 1942 he was recalled to active service with the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. His last ento-
mological work was the editing of the manuscript on Aegeriidae
of his friend and colleague, the late George P. Engelhardt.

Throughout his professional career Busck was intimately
associated with the U. S. National Museum. Its collection of
Microlepidoptera is the second most extensive and important

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 233

in the world, and for this eminence Busck must be given the
chief credit.

“A. B.,” as he was known to his intimates, was an outstand-
ing man in many respects, a naturalist of broad interests, a
good father and an ardent friend to all who won his affection.
For those who needed his help he would go to no end of trouble.
His convivial nature made him many friends wherever he
traveled, and his robust enthusiasm for entomology converted
many younger people into amateur collectors. We who have
been associated with him in study of the Lepidoptera will always
hold ourselves in his debt.

He is survived by his wife Villa Busck, two sons, Paul Gunni
Busck and Commander Vilhelm Klein Busck, U. S. N., and a
daughter Gerda Katty Busck.

In addition to his active membership in the Entomological
Society of Washington, of which he was President in 1913, he
was a member of the Biological Society of Washington and of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

A bibliography ! of his published works follows:

1900.. New species of moths of the superfamily Tineina from Florida: Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 23 (1208): 225-254, pl. 1 (1901).

1900. New American Tineina: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 8: 234-248, pl. 9.

1901. A new Canadian tineid: Canadian Ent., 33: 14-16.

1901. Nepticula pomivorella, Packard; alias Micropteryx pomuvorella, Packard:
Canadian Ent., 33: 52.

1901. Some insects of the Hudsonian Zone in New Mexico—V. Microlepidop-
tera: Psyche, 9: 272.

1902. Report of an investigation of diseased cocoanut palms in Cuba: U.S.
Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull., n. s., no. 38, pp. 20-23.

1902. Notes on enemies of mushrooms and on experiments with remedies:
U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Bull., n. s., no. 38, pp. 32-35.

1902. A review of the American moths of the genus Depressaria Haworth, with
descriptions of new species: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24 (1268): 731-749.

1902: Notes on North American Tineina: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10: 89-100,

No

1902. ae of Gnorimoschema coguillettella and Gracilaria (Dialectica)
pnosmodiella in H. G. Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25 (1290): 405,
406, and 409 (1903).

1903. A revision of the American moths of the family Gelechiidae, with descrip-
tions of new species; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., 25 (1394): 767-938, pls.
28-32.

1903. Notes on Brackenridge Clemens’ types of Tineina: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
5: 181-220.

1903. Dimorphism in the codling moth (Cydia simpsonit, N. var.): Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 5: 235, 236.

1 Compiled by Miss Mathilde M. Carpenter, Librarian, Division of Insects,
U.S. National Museum. es hae ;

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

. Family Gelechiidae in H. G. Dyar’s List of North American Lepidoptera:

Bull. no. 52, U. S. Nat. Mus., pp. 495-518.

. Notes on the Cerostoma group of Yponomeutidae, with descriptions of

new North American species: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 11: 45-59.

. On the generic name of the codling moth: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 11:

106-111.

. A new species of Ethmia from the Boreal Region of Colorado: Journ.

N. Y. Ent. Soc., 12: 44.

. Acase-bearer injurious to apple and plum in China (Coleophora nevinsiella,

new species): Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 12: 45, 46.

. A new name for a tineid genus: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 12: 177.
. A new tineid genus from Arizona: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 6: 123, 124, fig.

he

. Tineid moths from British Columbia, with descriptions of new species:

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 27 (1375): 745-778.

. Aristotelia youngella—a correction: Canadian Ent., 37: 87.

. New American Tineina: Canadian Ent., 38: 121-125.

. A new tortricid from Texas: Canadian Ent., 38: 211.

. A new injurious pine-needle moth: Canadian Ent., 38: 212.

. On Dr. Wm. Dietz’s revision of the Tineidae (Heinemann): Canadian

Ent., 38: 345-348.

. Description of American moths of the genus Cerostoma: Ent. News, 17: 96.
. Notes on some tortricid genera: Canadian Ent., 17: 305.
. A review of the American moths of the genus Cosmopteryx Hiibner: Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus., 30 (1463): 707-713.

. Tineid moths from southern Texas, with descriptions of new species :

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 30 (1465): 721-736, figs. 1-10.

. Notes on some tortricid genera with descriptions of new American species:

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19: 173-182.

. New American Tineina: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 8: 86-99 (1906).

. A review of the tortricid subfamily Phaloniinae with descriptions of new

American species: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 15: 19-36.

. New genera and species of American Microlepidoptera: Journ. N. Y. Ent.

Soc., 15: 134-140.

. Descriptions of three new Tortricidae from Mexico: Journ. N. Y. Ent.

Soe, Ube 285, PG.

. Revision of the American moths of the genus Argyresthia: Proc. U. S.

Nat. Mus., 32 (1506): 5-24, pls. 4, 5.

. A note on synonymy: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 15: 236.
. Descriptions of North American Tineina: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 9:

85-95 (1907).

. Two new stenomid moths from the eastern United States: Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash., 10: 111, 112.

. Book Review: Fauna Hawaiiensis, or the Zoology of the Sandwich

(Hawaiian) Isles, vol. 1, part V, Microlepidoptera. By the Right Hon.
Lord Walsingham. ‘The University Press, Cambridge, 1907: Canadian
Ent., 40: 134-138.

1908.

1908.

1908.

1908.

1909.

1909.

1909.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.

1910.
1910.

1910.

1911.

1911:

1912.

1912.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 235

Descriptions of some new Microlepidoptera from Pennsylvania: Canadian
Ent., 40: 193-196.

Descriptions of two new Gelechidae from California: Ent. News, 19:
SG, SIL

Report on a trip for the purpose of studying the mosquito fauna of
Panama: Smithsonian Misc. Coll. (Quart. Issue); 52 (1): 49-77.

A generic revision of American moths of the family Oecophoridae, with
descriptions of new species: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 35 (1644): 187-207.

Béving’s studies of the early stages of Donacia (Coleoptera, Chrysomeli-
dae): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash:, 11: 73-75:

Note on Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new North American
species: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 11: 87-103.

Notes on the family Aegeriidae (Sesiidae), with a synoptic table of the
North American genera (Lepidoptera, Aegeriidae): Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 11: 115-118.

New Microlepidoptera from New Mexico and California and a synoptic
table of the North American species of Heliodines Stainton: Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 11: 175-188.

A new tortricid of economic importance in the Hawaiian Islands (Lepi-
doptera, Tortricidae): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 11: 201, 202.

Two new species of Mexican tineids: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 11: 212, 213.
(1909).

Notes on a horn-feeding lepidopterous larva from Africa: Smithsonian
Misc. Coll., 56 (8): 1, 2, pls. 1, 2.

New moths of the genus Trichostibas: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 38 (1765):
527-530, pl. 35 (1911).

A correction of the generic name Isocorypha: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12:
26.

Two new American species of the genus Ethmia (Lepidoptera, Ethmiidae):
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 53, 54.

New species of the genus Stenoma from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera; Stenomi-
dae): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 80.

New Central-American Microlepidoptera introduced into the Hawaiian
Islands: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 132-135.

A new Gelechia inquilinous in cecidomyiid galls: Canadian Ent., 42: 168.

A new tineid from Trinidad: Bull. Dept. Agr. Trinidad: 9 (65): 147, 148.
fice:

List of Trinidad Microlepidoptera, with descriptions of new forms: Bull.
Dept. Agr. Trinidad, 9 (66): 241-245, 1 fig.

On the gall-making moths on Solidago and Aster, with description of two
new species: Canadian Ent., 43: 4-6.

Descriptions of tineoid moths (Microlepidoptera) from South America:
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 40 (1815): 205-230, pls. 8; 9. ;

Microlepidoptera from Laguna Beach, Southern California: First Ann.
Rpt. Laguna Marine Lab. (Pomona Coll., Calif.), pp. 167-169.

Descriptions of new genera and species of Microlepidoptera from Panama:

Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 59 (4): 1-10, pl. 1.

236

1912.
1912.

1910"
1912.

1912:
1903:
1913.
193%
1913.
19035

1913;
1913.

1913.
1914.

1914.
1914.
1914,
1914.
1914.

1914.

1914.

1914.

1914.

1914.

1914.
1914.

1914.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

Anew microlepidopteron of the genus Fpicallima Dyar from Pennsylvania:
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14: 44; also Ent. News, 23: 170.

On the rearing of a Dermatobia hominis Linnaeus: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
14: 9-11.

New Microlepidoptera from Mexico: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14: 83-87.

Two new Californian Acrolophidae (Lepidoptera): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
14: 184.

On some arbitrarily formed scientific names: Ent. Monthly Mag., 48
(2nd ser. 23): 225-227.

A new injurious Plutella: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14: 219, (1912).

New Mexican Acrolophidae: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 14: 222-224 (1912).

New Californian Microlepidoptera: Journ. Ent. & Zool. Pomona Coll., 5:
96-102.

Two Microlepidoptera injurious to chestnut: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 15:
102-104, fig. 1.

Notes on the genus Mieza Walker, with descriptions of three new species
from Costa Rica: Ins. Ins. Mens., 1: 70-73.

New Microlepidoptera from British Guiana: Ins. Ins. Mens., 1: 88-92.

A new Acrolophus from British Guiana (Lepidoptera, Tineidae): Ins. Ins.
Mens., 1: 117.

Seven new Microlepidoptera from Mexico: Ins. Ins. Mens., 1: 140-143.

Note on a barkmining lepidopteron of the genus Marmara Clemens: Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., 15: 150 (1913).

Two Te crolemids peers on Thurberia thes pesioides: Pros. Ent. Bee Wash..,
16: 30, 31.

On the classification of the Microlepidoptera: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16:
46-54, pl. 2.

Descriptions of new Microlepidoptera of forest trees: Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 16: 143-150, pls. 7, 8.

Life history of Hucosma haracana Kearfott: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16:
150, pl. 8.

(With Adam Béving). On Mnemonica auricyanea Walsingham: Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., 16: 151-163, pls. 9-16.

(With E. A. Sea and N. Banks). Theodore M. Gill (Obituary:
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 16: 177, 178.

(With Frederick Knab.) Mosquitoes and sewage disposal: Amer. foun
Trop. Diseases & Prev. Med., 2: 333-338.

A new Gracilaria on Azalea (epidonters: Gracillariidae): Ins. Ins. Mens.,
Dei Pe .

The chestnut bastminer (Lepidoptera, Tineidae): Ins. Ins. Mens., 2:3, 4,
nigale

Seven new species of Ethmia from Tropical America (Lepidoptera, Ethmii-
dae): Ins. Ins. Mens., 2: 53-57.

New Microlepidoptera from Hawaii: Ins. Ins. Mens., 2: 103-107.

New genera and species of Microlepidoptera from Panama: Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 47 (2043): 1-67.

A destructive pine-moth introduced from Europe (E£vetria buoliana

Schiffermiller): Journ. Econ. Ent., 7: 340, 341, pl. 9.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 Sa

. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera: Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash., 17: 79-94.

. Gracilaria azaleae Busck=G. zachrysa Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gracil-

lariidae): Ins. Ins. Mens., 3: 42, 43.

. The European pine-shoot moth; a serious meance to pine timber in

America: U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 170: 1-11, pls. 1-6.

. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera: Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash., 18: 147-154.

. Description of Laspeyresta molesta in A. L. Quaintance and W. B.Wood,,

Journ. Agr. Res., 7: 373-374.

. (With L. O. Howard and E. A. Schwarz.) <A biographical and biblio-

graphical sketch of Otto Heidemann: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 18:
203-205, pl. 16 (1916).

.. The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella: Journ. Agr. Res., 9: 343-370,

7-12, text-figs. 1-7.

. Notes on Pertsierola emigrata Rohwer, a parasite of the pink boll worm

(Hymenoptera, Bethyliidae): Ins. Ins. Mens., 5:3-5.

. (With A. N. Caudell and L. O. Howard). Frederick Knab (Obituary):

Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 21: 41-52, pl. 1.

. Two Microlepidoptera injurious to strawberry: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,

259,53)

. (With W. Dwight Pierce and Adam G. Béving.) Captain Allan Hinson

Jennings (Obituary): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 21: 61-63, pl.3.

. On some generic synonymy in the family Gelechiidae (Lep.): Proc. Ent.

Soc. Wash., 21: 94—96.

. A new species of Bucculatrix injurious to hollyhock (Lep.): Proc. Ent.

Soc. Wash., 21: 109, 110.

. A Microlepidoptera injurious to avocado: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 21: 125,

126.

. (With W. D. Hunter and Carl Heinrich.) Emerson Liscum Diven

(Obituary): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 21: 177, 178, pl. 16.

. Lord Walsingham (Obituary): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 22:41-43.
. Anew tortricid moth from Nova Scotia (Lepidoptera): Canadian Ent., 52:

125:

. A new Gracilaria injurious to avocado (Lepid.): Canadian Ent., 52: 239,

figs. 1-3.

. (With William Barnes.) Contributions to the natural history of the

Lepidoptera of North America: 4 (3): 211-278, pl. 40.
Descriptions of new Central American Microlepidoptera: Ins. Ins. Mens.,

8: 83-95.

. Microlepidoptera from British Columbia: Canadian Ent., 53: 276-280,

fig. 1.

. (With Carl Heinrich.) On the male genitalia of the Microlepidoptera and

their systematic importance: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 23: 145-152, pls,
17 73.

. (With Carl Heinrich). Life history of Ethmia macelhosiella Busck (Lep.):

Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 24: 1-9, pls. 1-3.

238

1925:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

(With Carl Weigel, B. M. Broadbent and Carl Heinrich.) The green-
house leaf-tyer, Phlyctaenia rubigalis (Guenée): Journ. Agr. Res., 29:

137-158, pls. 1, 2, text-figs. 1-3 (1924).

25. A new North American genus of Microlepidoptera (Glyphipterygidae):

Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 27: 46-48, pl. 3.

. On the genus Sraneanic Zeller (Lepidoptera: Stenomidae): Proc. rae

Soc. Wash., 27: 48-50, pl. 4

25. (With M. L. de Oliveira Fil Ney ) De Auximobasis coffeaella Busck, mari-

posa dos fructos de café abandonados. Sua determinagao e biologia:
Comm. Estud. e Debell. Praga Café (S. Paulo) Pub. no. 13, pp. 1-19,
8 pls., text-figs. 1-3.

. Phthorimaea lycopersicella, new species (Family Gelechiidae) a leaf fodder

on tomato (Lep.): Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 7: 171-176, pls. 2, 3.

. Book Review: Edward Meyrick: Revised Handbook of British Lepidop-

tera. Watkins and Doncester, London, 1928: Canadian Ent., 60:
231232.

. John Hartley Durrant (Obituary): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 30: 40.
. (With L. O. Howard and Herbert $8. Barber). Memorial to Dr. E. A.

Schwarz: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 30: 153-183,.pl. 7.

. A new avocado moth: Mo. Bull. Dept. Agr. Calif. 18 (4): 276, 277, fig.

38.

. Una palomilla (Stenoma crambina Busck) como una nueva plage del

algodén en el Estado de Oaxaca (redescription): Estud. Ofic. Fed.
Defensa Agr. Méx., no. 2, pp. 5-13, figs. 1, 2.

. A new injurious pine moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Proc. Bn Soc.

Wash., 31: 13-15, 1 text-fig.

. A new aegeriid on cowpea from Brazil (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash., 31: 134-136, pl. 7.

. The E. H. Blackmore Collection of Lepidoptera: Ent. News, 40: 195.
. Two new Peruvian Microlepidoptera of economic importance (Gelechiidae

and Oecophoridae): Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 33: 59-63, pl. 1.

. Description of Amorbia phaseolana Busck, in S. C. Bruner, Bull. Estac.

Exp. Agron. Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, pp. 23, 24.

. On the female genitalia of the Microlepidoptera and their importance in

the classification and determination of these moths: Bull. Bklyn. Ent.
Soc., 26: 199-216, pls. 9-13 (1931).

. Description of a new cosmopterygid leaf miner (Lepidoptera) on Helian-

thus: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 34: 17-20, pls. 2, 3.

. Polyortha mollinedtella, sp. nov.: Bol. Biol. (Brasil), 21: 43, 44, 1 fig.
. Review of Bainbrigge Fletcher’s Life histories of Indian Microlepidop-

tera: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 35: 209, 210.

. Microlepidoptera of Cuba: Ent. Americana, 13: 151-203, pls. 30-36

(1933).

. Tortilia viatrix, new species. An African moth on senna imported into

the United States: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 36: 68-70, pl. 12.

. A new genus and species of the family Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera): Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash., 36: 82-85, pl. 14.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 239

1934. Two new Microlepidoptera from California: Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
33: 74-78, pl. 22.

1935. A new myrmecophile tineid from Brazil: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 36: 243-
252, pls. 24, 25 (1934).

1936. (With L. O. Howard.) Andrew Nelson Caudell (Obituary): Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 38: 33-47, pl. 3.

1937. Frederick William Urich, 1870-1937 (Obituary): Proce. Ent: Soc..Wash.,
Wash., 392,192, 193.

1938. Edward Meyrick, F. R. S. 1854-1938 (Obituary): Bie Ent. Soc. Wee;
40: 177-179, pl..21, 1 fig.

1938. A new woodboring lepidopteron, injurious to fruit trees in Argentine
(Family Stenomidae): An. Soc. Cient. Arg., 126: 280-284, figs. 1, 2.

1939. Un Lepidoptero nuevo que perjudica el nispero en la Argentina. (Familia
Gelechiidae): An. Soc. Cient. Arg., 127: 361-365, figs. 1-3.

1939. Restriction of the genus Gelechia (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), with de-
scriptions of new genera: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 86 (3064): 563-593,
pls. 58-71 (1940).

1939. A generic review of the family Phaloniidae with descriptions of two new
genera and one new species: Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 38: 98-111, pls.
17-21.

1940. Notes on North American Microlepidoptera with descriptions of new
genera and species: Bull. So. Calif. Acad:-Sci., 39: 87-98, pls.-13; 14.

1942. On the making of genitalia slides of Lepidoptera: Proc. Haw. Ent.:Soc.,
11: 157-163, figs. 1-3.

Caru Hernreicu and Utpnian C. Lorrin

FIRST INSTAR LARVA OF ACRIDIOPHAGA CARIDEI
(BRETHES) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

By Irma Sanroro DE CrouzEL

Instituto de Sanidad Vegetal, Ministerio de Agricultura, Buenos Aires

This work was done at the Instituto de Investigaciones Sobre
la Langosta, at José C. Paz, Buenos Aires. <Acridiophaga
caride. (Breth.) is the most important parasite of the grass-
hopper Schistocerca paranensis Burm. among all those studied
at that Institute from 1938 to 1940. The present paper is on
the so far undescribed first instar larva on which I have made a
detailed morphological study with material bred at the labora-
tory. All drawings that appear in this work were done with an
Abbe camera lucida.

Acridiophaga caridei (Bréthes)

Sarcophaga caridei Bréthes, 1906, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3) 6: 297-301.
Acridiophaga caridei (Bréthes): E. E. Blanchard, 1939, Physis, 17: 842.

This fly in its larval stage, like all the Diptera Cyclorrhapha
passes through three distinct morphological phases separated by
two moults. The first instar larva to the naked eye appears

240 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

like a tiny line of an ivory white color, which crawls rapidly
with wormlike movements.

Morphology: (Figs. 1 and 9) shows it as it appears under a microscope, spindle-
shaped with its extremities blunt, the anterior somewhat more pointed. It has
definitely spaced rings of brown spines. [Eleven segments and the head are
easily visible. ‘The integument is transparent, and through it may be seen the
complicated structure of the cephalopharyngeal apparatus and part of the
tracheal trunks.

Measurements.—Length, taken dorsally from the anterior edge of the first
thoracic segment to the farthest point of the last segment (not the anal tubercles)
1.140 to 1.365 mm. Width: first segment, 0.113 to 0.150 mm.; widest diameter
(between the sixth and seventh segments), 0.225 to 0.360 mm.; last segment,
0.120 to 0.233 mm.

Acridiophaga caridei. Fig. 1, first instar larva, lateral view.

Observed with a higher power, the following structures can be defined:

Head.—According to the concepts of SNopGrass (1924) the head of the larva
(figs. 2 and 4) is almost completely invaginated. Usually the only things
seen are the antenno-maxillary complex (Kern, 1915-1916) which are like two
hemispheric knobs located symmetrically on the antero-dorsal region of the
head. The mouth opens in the ventral region back of the antenno-maxillary
complex. The mouth has underneath a thin, transparent and retractile labium
(1). Over the antenno-maxillary complex in a latero-dorsal position are found
the antennae (a). These are transparent, bell-shaped structures, articulated
at their lower bases to the integument of the head. Near the base each has a
dark ring. Very near each one of them is a small cane-like structure (s),
possibly a sensortum. (The small size of this organ prohibited me from describ-
ing its structure even with the immersion powers.) The maxillary palpi (mp)
appear as knobs underneath the antennae. Each palpus is surrounded by many
concentric sclerotized wrinkles, and ends in various sensitive papillae of diff-
erent shapes. There are other sensitive structures (c), called ‘‘c organs” by
Keilin (1915-1916), which he states to be common to all cyclorrhaphous larvae
and which he supposes to be part of the maxillary palpi. These are found on
ventral face of the head, back of the palpi and on each side of the mouth.

Cephalopharyngeal structure.—The complicated sclerotized skeleton which

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 20

Acridiophaga caridei. Fig. 2, anterior extremity, ventral view. Fig. 3,
cephalo-pharyngeal structure, dorsal view. Fig. 4, anterior extremity, profile.
Fig. 5, detail of cephalopharyngeal structure, dorsal view. Fig. 6, detail of
cephalo-pharyngeal structure, ventral view. Fig. 7, histological section of
spines. Fig. 8, last segment, profile.

[241]

242 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

forms the walls of the pharynx constitutes the cephalopharyngeal sclerites and
supports the oral hooks.

This skeleton is retractile and when in repose reaches to the third segment.
It is mostly formed by two parts, one pharyngeal and one oral (figs. 3 and 10).
The former consists of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton proper. - It is formed by
a pharyngeal sclerite composed of two vertical wings, one dorsal (d) and one
ventral (v), both extending backwards; a rather short, transparent, very
slightly scleritized projection (ad) and another ventral projection (av), both
extending toward the front. ‘The latter extends forward to unite with the one
opposite and to form the floor of the pharynx (pf) (figs. 3-5-6) which bears a
more weakly sclerotized plate with 4 perforations (rarely 5 or 6) and which is
prolonged sharply toward the front. -Articulating with the dorsal part of the
anterior ventral pieces (av) is a small unpaired piece (up) (figs. 5 and 6); this
is well sclerotized, irregularly pentagonal, and has two orifices; it exists only in
the first instar.

The oral part is formed by the oral hooks. ‘These hooks are heavily sclero-
tized and present a complicated structure. They consist-of a body:and the
hook {h) (figs. 5 and 6). The former, subpyramidal, less sclerotized in_the
middle, is articulated by the trochlea (t) to the latero-external face of the
antero-ventral sclerites and to one apophysis (a) which lengthens dorsally with
the unpaired piece (up) of the cephalopharyngeal mechanism. The latter is
pointed, sharp-and heavily sclerotized. It extends toward the front and then
curves outward.

The peculiarity shown by this strueture is in the operation of the oral hooks
which instead of moving in a vertical plane, as occurs in other larvae and in the
following instars, move horizontally from within to without. When in repose
the skeleton is retracted with the hooks extending forward. During. activity
these are projected and move laterally (fig. 3). It is by this movement, aided .
by the spiny rings, that the larva cuts the tissues and opens the way for entry
into the body.

Body.—(Figs. 1 and 9). This is formed by eleven segments which are clearly
visible, thanks to the rings (at times incomplete) with spines on each front edge.
The first segment has-a thick border in front, encircled by a wide ring. This
latter consists of irregular rows of spines; each spine is strong, curved, pyrami-
dal, and in the form of-a large triangle at the base; they diminish in number and
size from the first (18 to 6 microns) to the last segment (4 to 1 microns) and
are shorter and more numerous in the ventral region than in the dorsal. The
anterior margin of the secand segment is marked by an unarmed stripe. Im-
mediately following is a ring, wider ventrally than dorsally, formed by two or
three rows of short, thin spicules.(9 to.2 microns). The third and fourth rings
are narrower than the first.: he spines are pyramidal; they are considerably
elongated, especially on the sides (21 to 24 microns). Both rings tend to curve
toward the cephalic extremity on the middle ventral part and have a smaller
number of rows and spines on the dorsal region. The rings of the fifth, sixth
and seventh segments (Fig. 11) have the largest spines (up to 30 microns)
mostly on the sides where they often extend perpendicularly. Ventrally the
rings are divided into two stripes, the anterior with more rows and larger spines
than the posterior. In the dorsal region the spines diminish and at times the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 21

Acridiophaga caridei. Fig. 9, ventral view, Fig. 10, anterior extremity. Fig.
11, spines and hairs of the fifth segment. Fig. 12, sensorial organs of the

second segment.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 245

seventh ring is incomplete. On the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh segments
the rings are similar to the previous ones in the ventral region but are incom-
plete on the dorsum. At times the eighth retains some very short spines.

On the sides, along the full length of the body from the first to the tenth
segment, are found other cuticular formations, which: look like long, thin hairs
(fig. 11). These hairs extend onto the ventral surface from the fifth segment to
the tenth and eleventh, in front of the spiny rings. For the name of these
external formations of the body wall I have followed the concepts of SNopGRass
(1935). In. fig. 7 is shown a histological section of one of these spiny forma-
tions. The epidermal cells can be seen- (ep) entering the spiny formations and
in different places the cuticle (cu) follows faithfully the relief pattern.

The last segment (fig. 8) has on its posterior face the spiracles (s) which open
into a small cavity (c). Under this cavity is seen a kidney-like protuberance
(kp), sprinkled with small spicules frequently located in rows (sp). On each
side of this protuberance occurs a brown, strong, sclerotized claw-like organ which
terminates in three or four sharp downwardly curved points (co). The position
of these organs close to the respiratory organs, their claw-like form, and the
spiney form of the spiracles (as shown further on) make: me suppose that their
function consists in grasping the tracheae of the host into which the larva intro-
duces its own spiracles. I have also seen this organ in other parasitic larvae
of the same family, such as Tephromytella neuquenensis Blanch. among the
Argentine species and Sarcophaga reversa Ald., S. aculeata Ald., S. atlanis Ald.,
S. coloradensis Ald., and other unnamed species among the Canadian Sarco-
phagidae. The study of these latter were made in the Canadian Parasite
Laboratory, Belleville, Ontario, with material furnished by them, to whom I am
very appreciative. Sarcophaga huntert Hough. and Protodexia australis Blanch.
do not have these organs.

In the last segment is found, too, the anus (a), surrounded by several spines
and located behind the anal protuberance (ap) and in front of two prominent
anal tubercles (at). We also find a dorsal papilla (dp), three lateral papillae
(Ip), the middle one of which is flattened and scarcely visible, and two ventral
papillae (vp), symmetrically located with respect to the sagittal plane.

Spiracles.—This larva, as the major part of the Diptera Cyclorrhapha in the
first instar, is metapneustic.. Its spiracles are also characteristic; they are small
and terminate in two digital prolongations, which are sharp and directed verti-
cally upwards. There is no stigmatic plate. The spiracles open directly from
a filiform canal, which I was able to see only in the outer of these prolongations.
In the inner prolongation is seen a sharp nail-like formation. The external
part of these four formations is composed of a gray refringent cap. Qn the
interior can be noted a delicate sprinkling of yellow; this is the “chambre
feutrée” of Keilin (1915-1916) which unites the stigma with the trachea. The
tracheal trunks are united by a transversal bridge in the eleventh segment.

Sensorial organs.—In each of the first three segments, symmetrically located
with respect to the sagittal plane, is found a pair of sensorial organs. These
are formed by three hairs which radiate from a common point and usually are
in form of a Y (fig. 12). They should correspond to the vestiges of the legs cited
by Keilin. Referring to them Keilin says: “elles existent aussi bien chez les
larves libres, ayant les habitats les plus divers, que les larves parasites des

246 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

plantes (Agromyzinae) et des animaux (Oestridae). Ces formations sont
toujours placés dans le voisinage inmédiat des disques imaginaux des pattes;
ne seraint-elles pas un dernier vestige des pattes larvaires? Cette hipothése
parait vraisemblable, car, si lon en trouve dans certaines familles de Coléop-
teres (Larinus maculosus et autres), on voit ces rudiments, sous forme de petits
mamelons incapables de servir 4 la locomotion, et neanmoins surmontés de
poils sensoriels. Ainsi: la patte des larves d’Insectes, organe & la fois ambula-
toire et sensitif, pourrait disparaitre en tant qu’organe ambulatoire, mais per-
sisterait toujours en tant qu’organe sensoriel.”’ Another class of sensorial
organ consists of a pair of small cylindrical processes articulated at the base
which are found on each segment from the first to the tenth and are located
more or less laterally. (Fig. 12.)

SUMMARY

This work is on the first instar larva of Acridiophaga caridet
(Bréth.), the most effective parasite of Schistocerca paranensts
Burm. ‘Two particularities must be pointed out: The operation
of the oral hooks which move in a horizontal plane and the pres-
ence of a pair of claw-like organs, close to the posterior spiracles.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Blanchard, E. E., 1939, Los Sarcofagidos argentinos, contribucién a su conoci-
miento. Physis, Buenos Aires, 17: 791-856.

Bréthes, J., 1906, Sarcophaga caridei, una nueva mosca langosticida. An.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, (3) 6:297-301.

Keilin, D., 1915-1916, Recherches sur les larves de Diptéres Cyclorhaphes.
Bull. Sc. France et Belgique, 49:15-198, 16 lam.

Snodgrass, R. E., 1924, Anatomy and metamorphosis of the apple maggot.
Jour. Agric. Research, Washington 28 (1) :1-36.

1935, Principles of insect morphology. New York.

SOME AFRICAN MEGACHILID BEES
By T. D. A. CockERELL

All the bees recorded here will be returned to the British
Museum when circumstances permit, except Megachile natensi-
ella, which goes to the Museum at Pretoria.

Megachile (Creightonella) weenenica, new species

Male.—Length about 15 mm.; rather slender, with parallel-sided abdomen;
black, including antennae and mandibles, but front femora and tibiae suffused
with red in front, apical margin of transverse keel of sixth tergite red, and
seventh tergite dusky red; head and thorax with abundant white hair, but
scutellum with an admixture of long, black hairs; sides of first. tergite with long
white hair, second to fourth with broad, white hair bands at sides, reduced to a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 247

line or broken in middle; fifth tergite with a white hair band, overlapped with
orange hairs except at sides; sixth with the basal two-thirds, on each side of
the longitudinal keel, covered with dense, bright, orange-fulvous hair; face
considerably longer than broad, if we include the front; mesonotum entirely dull;
tegulae small and black; wings hyaline, a little dusky, with the broad outer
margin darker; first recurrent nervure ending far from base of second sub-
marginal cell; front tarsi with red hair on inner side; front coxae with stout
spines; hind tarsi with pale yellow hair on inner side, contrasting with the long,
pure white hair of femora and tibiae; transverse keel of sixth tergite with many
small teeth, but not emarginate.

Natal: Weenen, January 1926 (H. P. Thomasset). Allied to
M. lichtenburgensis Brauns from the Transvaal but easily dis-
tinguished by the large patches of orange hair on sixth tergite;
also, the teeth on margin of keel of sixth tergite are more
numerous, about 10.

Megachile natensiella, new species

Male.—Length about 6.5 mm.; aspect of M. gratiosella, but with slender black
tarsi, small dark tegulae; sixth tergite with a very small inconspicuous incision,
bounded on each side by a small sharp tooth. The anterior coxae are toothed.
It is close to M. sarna Cam., and has similar venation, but the stigma is pale
yellowish and the keel of sixth tergite is not deeply incised. ‘The wings are
hyaline. The abundant hair of the face is white, with a faint yellowish tinge.
The flagellum is considerably shorter than in M. gratiosella Ckll. The fifth
tergite lacks the white hair band present in M. gratiosella; the sixth tergite above
is densely covered with white hair, except in middle.

Nata River, Makarikari, August 24-27, 1930. Collected by
G. van Son on the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, and
accidentally overlooked when the report on the bees of that
expedition was prepared.

Megachile pondonis, new species

Female.—Length about 15 mm.; rather slender, with long tapering abdomen;
black, including antennae, mandibles and legs, except that the tarsi are reddish
apically, and the tibiae have a red spot at apex externally; head and thorax with
mainly dull white hair, but on face yellowish, long and abundant as in a male;
vertex and scutellum with black hair, and short black hairs on mesonotum;
abdomen with a large patch of cinereous tomentum, contracted in middle, on
fifth tergite; abdomen otherwise almost nude, but the tergites with white hair
bands at sides, reduced to a line or almost failing in middle, so that the abdo-
men does not appear conspicuously banded; the extreme bases of the tergites,
when extended, are seen to be red; ventral scopa white at base, but on sternites
2-4 bright fox red, on fifth black; lower margin of hind-tibiae and tarsi with
silvery white hairs; hind basitarsi broad; mesonotum dull; a little pale hair in
suture between mesonotum and scutellum, but not enough to form a conspicuous

248 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

band; tegulae with a black disc and broad reddish margin; wings dusky hya-
line not darkened apically; first recurrent nervure ending some distance from
base of second submarginal cell.

Pondotand: Port St.!John, December 1923 (R: E. Turner).
This is closely allied to M. callichlora Ckll., a species of tropical
Africa, and it has a faint greenish tint on abdominal tergites
2 and 3. It is distinguished from this by the yellowish hair of
face and the pubescence of the fifth tergite of abdomen. It is
also close to M. caricina Ckll., from Benguella, but that is
smaller, with pure white hair on face, and better developed
abdominal bands.

Megachile flavipes Spinola
Egypt: Aswan, February 8, 1921. -9 “(Capt. K. J. Hay-

ward.)
Megachile chrysorrhoea Gerstaecker

Megachile nasalis volkmanni Friese

These two species were taken at Grootfontein, South-West
Africa, by J. N. Justice. They are superficially alike yet
structurally so different as to be placed in different subgenera.

Megachile caerulea Friese

North Bechuanaland: Ghanzi, Mongalatsila, both sexes,
November 26, 1924, nesting in the ground (J. Maurice). This
is definitely the same as a female from Gwelo, Southern Rhodesia
(Miss Skaife). ‘The antennae are entirely black. A male from
Ghanzi, April 19, also collected by J. Maurice, is M. konowiana
Finiese:

Hoplitis rhodesiae, new specie?

Male.—Length, with abdomen curved downward, about 11.5 mm; if abdomen
were extended it would be fully 13 mm.; wings short, anterior wing about 7 mm.;
black including mandibles, antennae and legs, except that the tarsi are light
reddish apically; mouth parts elongated, maxillary palpi extremely small; face
(including front) narrow, the orbits parallel, face covered with a long dense
brush of white hair, which has a faint yellowish tint; vertex shining on each
side at level of top of eyes, but the top of head is dull; antennae with a stout
scape and a long slender flagellum; mesonotum and scutellum entirely dull;
thorax densely covered with long hair, white at sides and posteriorly, dorsally
fulvescent; a'channel across base of metathorax shining; tegulae pale testaceous;
wings hyaline, faintly dusky; stigma very small, reddish; basal nervure going
considerably basad of the oblique nervulus; second submarginal cell receiving
both recumbent nervures, the first far from base, the second near apex; legs
with appressed silvery hair, long and loose on front tibiae, the front femora
with long loose hair, which is lacking on the middle and hind ones; hind tarsi

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 249

long and slender; abdomen moderately shining, the tergites with marginal hair
bands, very weak on first, successively stronger and orange-tinted on the others,
the orange hairs overlapping a narrow band of white; discs of tergites with thin
reddish tinted hair; sixth tergite with an impressed line down the middle; there
is a small tooth at each side of sixth tergite; seventh tergite produced into two
broad, elongate, somewhat divergent lobes. Pulvilli distinct.

Northern Rhodesia: Algoa, March 5, 1910 (Silverlock).
Two specimens. ‘The parapsidal marks are linear, and the
second abdominal tergite has at base a deep shining sulcus.
The posterior coxae are not distinctly carinate. The species
can go in Hoplitis, but probably should be made the type of a
new subgenus which will probably include also Osmza forficulina
Ckll. from Basutoland, which is readily distinguished by the
long apical spines of abdomen and other characters. ‘The caudal
lobes are suggestive of Osmia karooensis Brauns.

Osmia ausica, new species

Female.—Like Osmia mediorufa Ckll., but less robust, the thorax not so broad;
tegulae light red; hair of scutellum and base of abdomen white; abdominal
bands purer white. The shining keel down middle of clypeus is very distinct.

South-West Africa: Aus, November 8-30, 1929 (R. E. Tur-
ner). This is perhaps only a desert race of O. mediorufa. It is
also closely allied to O. elizabethae Brauns.

NOTES ON FIVE WEST INDIAN CHRYSOMELIDAE
(Coleoptera)

By Doris H. Brake

The following species have come to the writer’s attention in
the course of recent work at the United States National Museum.
The two species of Hadropoda were distributed in the collection
too late to be included in my paper on that genus published in
1943,"

Chlamys conifera Lacordaire
(PI. 22, fig. 2)
Chlamys conifera Lacordaire, Phyt., 2; 733, 1848.

This was described by Lacordaire from Brazil. ibs dele

description fits two specimens from Cuba, one collected by Mr.

F. Zayas on the Finca Maicas, near the Pan de Mee
Mountain, Matanzas Province, in May 1933, on Matpig

1 Blake, New Species of the Genus Hadra-poda Suffrian from the West Indies:
Bull. Museum Comparative Zoology, 92(8) 413-441, 1943.

250 PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

cubensis H. B. K., and the other collected by I. C. Scaramuzza
and S. B. Bruner at Arroyo Naranjo, Habana Province, May
16, 1937. Apparently this beetle has not been collected since
Suffrian in 18667 mentioned Cuban specimens collected by
Gundlach and determined by the collector as Chlamys contfera
Lac. Suffrian remarked that its exact correspondence with
Lacordaire’s description left no doubt that this was that species.
He questioned the authenticity of the locality, Brazil, given by
Lacordaire, and believed it to be erroneous. This additional
collection of the beetle is worth noting and a drawing has been
made for the benefit of future workers on the genus.

Metachroma chapini, new species
(BL 228 fig 5)

About 5 mm. in length, oblong, somewhat shining, very finely alutaceous, the
head and prothorax reddish brown with darker shadings, elytra paler yellow
brown; antennae and legs pale, the latter with the apices of femora dark ringed;
anterior and posterior femora strongly toothed.

Head reddish brown with a darker marking on occiput and down the middle
of the front, lower front paler with the mouthparts dark; surface smooth, shining
and with numerous coarse punctures; groove about the inner side of eye well
marked. Antennae not extending to the middle of the elytra, reddish brown,
the tips of the six outer joints darker. Prothorax smoothly convex above and
somewhat contracted anteriorly with a little depression on either side; sides
arcuate, basal margin straight, a tooth at each corner with a seta-bearing pore;
disc finely alutaceous and covered with numerous punctures, distinct but not so
coarse as on head; reddish brown with deeper brown shadings forming a scroll-
like pattern nearly across the pronotum. Scutellum pale with a deeper colored
margin. [Elytra shining and tending to be paler than the prothorax, in one
specimen, the male, entirely pale yellow brown, in the female, an indefinite dark
area on either side below the humerus; in this specimen also the striate punctures
deeper in coloring and thus appearing coarser than in the pale male; striate
punctures distinct to the apex. A distinct basal callosity and an intrahumeral
sulcus. Body beneath reddish brown, shining, covered with very fine and rather
long pubescence, more conspicuous and longer down the middle and between
the coxae, the space between the anterior coxae also conspicuously punctate.
Legs pale with darker rings at the apices of the femora; anterior and posterior
femora each with a pronounced tooth. ‘Tibiae of the middle and posterior legs
deeply emarginate near the apex. Length 4.9-5.2.mm.; width 2-2.2 mm.

Type male and paratype female, U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 56947.

Type locality—Newport, Jamaica, collected April 21, 1937
by E. A. Chapin and R. E. Blackwelder.

Remarks.—This robust species of Metachroma with its well
developed legs has the anterior and posterior femora each with
a prominent tooth such as occurs in the Cuban species, Metq-

2 Suffrian, Archiv. f. Naturg., 32:289, 1866,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46 PLATE 22

a

ae fy

4.Metachroma oterot 5 Metachroma chapini

[251]

~

Sy PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

t

chroma gracile Blake. Unlike that species, however, it has no
trace of elytral costae. I take pleasure in naming the species

for Dr. Chapin.

Metachroma oteroi, new species
(Pl. 22, fig. 4)

About 5 mm. in length, elongate oblong, moderately shining, pale yellow
brown ‘with a darkened depressed area running from the occiput down the
vertex, dark mouthparts, dark lateral edges on both prothorax and elytra,
elytra long and narrow and without elevations or depressions and with straight
lines of punctation.

Head pale with dark mouthparts and median occipital depressed area; groove
on inner side of eye well marked, surface moderately shining, very finely alutace-
ous and with numerous distinct punctures. Antennae not extending to the
middle of the elytra, reddish brown with the apices of the joints darker. Pro-
thorax pale with piceous lateral margins, shining, moderately convex, sides
arcuate, a sharp tooth at each corner; surface moderately densely and distinctly
punctate. Elytra elongate, without depressions or elevations, the striate punc-
tures running in regular straight lines; between the striae the intervals very
finely and not densely punctate. Margin in the basal half piceous. Body
beneath and legs pale yellow brown, shining, finely and sparsely pubescent.
Front femora distinctly toothed, hind femora with very faint indication of
toothing not distinct enough, however, to be definitely called toothed. Length
5.3 mm.; width 2 mm.

Type male?, U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 46948.

Type locality.—Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, collected May
16, 1932, by Angel Otero.

Remarks.—This species is closely related to M. gracile Blake,
also a Cuban species, but differs in not having the hind femora
toothed. It is also distinguished by the regular and straight
striate punctation and lack of any basal prominence on the
elytra. Mr. Otero for whom the species is named has supplied
me with a number of interesting specimens.

Hadropoda poikila, new species
(P1225 figs 1)

About 4 mm. in length, elongate oblong, reddish brown, covered with pale
golden appressed pubescence with darker brown pubescence forming an irregu-
lar pattern on apical half of each elytron; antennae extending below the middle
of the elytra. Prothorax only a little wider than long.

Head closely punctate and pubescent over occiput and front, with a deep
median line down the front, a short, narrow, elevated line running down from
between the antennae and meeting with the ridge running down below the
antennal sockets, lower front shiny, nearly glabrous. Antennae with joints
3-6 long and very slender, entirely pale, outer ones more pubescent. Prothorax
about as long as wide with sides slightly rounded and widest before the middle,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 253

disc not much depressed below the middle, covered with a short, fine, and
closely appressed pubescence. Elytra with well developed basal callosity and
a distinct sulcus extending from within the humerus down below the callosity
nearly to the suture; punctures of the elytral striae visible through the fine
short, appressed pubescence, the pubescence mainly golden in color but with
dark brown patches, especially noticeable in one specimen and forming a semi-
circular pattern, in the other something of a transverse fascia in the apical half.
Body beneath and legs shining brown, lightly pubescent, the back of the hind
femur with dense pale pubescence. Length 4.2 mm.; width 1.8 mm.

Type male and paratype female, U. S. N. M. Cat. No. 56949,

Type locality Dominica, B. W. I., collected in June—July
by H. W. Foote of the Yale expedition of 1913.

Remarks.—This species is similar to H. stenotrachela Blake
also from Dominica, in having the prothorax nearly as long as
broad and not much depressed. _ It is, however, a larger, more
robust species, lacks the pronotal median line, and has vari-
colored elytral pubescence.

Hadropoda aspila, new species
(Pip 22 Eig. 3)

About 3 mm. in length, oblong, pale yellow brown, without markings of any
sort above, the lower surface darker, densely covered with short, appressed,
pale, pubescence; antennae extending to the middle of the elytra; prothorax
nearly as long as wide.

Head finely and densely punctate over occiput and with an inconspicuous
short pubescence; frontal tubercles separated by a deep median line; inter-
antennal area short and blunt. Antennae long, the basal joints very slender,
entirely pale. Prothorax, as in the preceding species, nearly as long as broad,
jn this species, the disc clearly depressed in basal half and with a small median
depression anteriorly; densely covered with a short, fine pubescence. Elytra
with prominent basal callosities and a deep intra-humeral sulcus extending
nearly to the suture. Striate punctation visible through the dense pale ap-
pressed pubescence, at apex the hairs tending to become erect. Body beneath
deeper in color, and in one specimen, except for the tip of the abdomen, deep
reddish brown; lightly pubescent. Legs pale, finely pubescent, the back of the
hind femur more densely and coarsely pubescent. Length 3.2-3.3 mm.; width
1.4-1.5 mm.

Type male and 3 paratype females, U. S. N. M. Cat. No.
56950.

Type locality—Dominica, British West Indies, collected by
H. W. Foote, Yale expedition, 1913.

Remarks.—Like H. potkila, this species resembles H. steno-
trachela Blake in having a narrow prothorax. It appears that
this is a peculiarity of the Dominican species. The present
species, although approximately of the same size as stenotrachela,
is stouter and without markings.

254 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

A SECOND SPECIES OF GLAMYROMYRMEX WHEELER

(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
e

By Marion R. Situ,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

The genus Glamyromyrmex was described by Wheeler in 1915
for a single new species, beeber. A second species, from Barro
Colorado Island, Canal Zone, has been named wheeleri in honor
of the late W. M. Wheeler, and is described below.

The following key will apparently serve to identify the
workers of the two species, although the author has not seen
any specimens of beebet.

Posterior border of head weakly excised. No metasternal angles. Anterior
surface of peduncle, in profile, meeting dorsal surface of petiolar node in
a very pronounced angle. Each side of petiolar node lacking a spongi-
FORM PLOCESSi jae tars a 51s ona MOREA Ce ee ee ee wheeleri, new species
Posterior border of head deeply excised. With metasternal angles. An-
terior surface of peduncle, in profile, meeting dorsal surface of petiolar
node in acurve. Each side of petiolar node with a spongiform process. .

beebet Wheeler

Glamyromyrmex wheeleri, new species
(Figs. 1 and 2)

Worker.—Length 1.6 mm.

Head, exclusive of mandibles, approximately one and one-tenth times as
long as broad when measured through its greatest length and breadth. Pos-
terior border of head weakly excised, sides anteriorly divergent to about pos-
terior third of head (where the head is broadest), then convergent to clypeal
suture, from which point it is slightly divergent again before attaining anterior
border of clypeus. Posterior half of head much more convex dorsally than
remainder. Frontal area obsolescent. Side of head and clypeus extended
horizontally as a translucent plate which occupies about four-fifths of length of
head and helps to form a scrobe in which the antenna and eye are entirely con-
cealed from above. Clypeus approximately twice as broad as long with a
median emargination on anterior border and posterior border subangular, more
or less indistinct. Mandible prominently extended in front of clypeus, its
superior border forming a more or less horizontal plate or tooth, a great deal of
which is concealed by the clypeus; apical border with 6 well-developed teeth.
Antenna 6-segmented; scape subclaviform, slender at base; last. 2 funicular
segments enlarged, forming a club, the last segment of which is approximately
as long as remainder of funiculus. Antenna concealed in a deep scrobe dorsal
to eye. Eye small, with not more than 4 or 5 facets in its greatest diameter,
placed somewhat posterodorsad of a sharp carina which ends anteriorly near
base of mandible in a prominent, acute, ventrally directed spine or. tooth.
Pronotum with a distinct, transverse carina posterior to the collarlike extension
back of head. ‘Thorax compressed, the region from posterior corners of prono-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 255

Glamyromyrmex wheelert, new species. Fig. 1.—Profile of worker. Fig. 2.—

Head. (Illustrations by Sara H. DeBord.)

tum to base of epinotal spines more or less marginate. Promesonotal and
mesoepinotal sutures obsolescent. Epinotal spines prominent, slightly exceed-
ing length of their interbasal space. Thorax, in profile, moderately arched-
the arch reaching its highest elevation at approximate junction of promesono,;
tum. Metasternum not angled or spined. Anterior surface of peduncle, in
profile, meeting dorsal surface of petiolar node in a very pronounced angle.
Petiolar node, from above, one and one-third times as long as broad, with
somewhat rounded anterior border, subparallel sides, and subtruncate posterior
border. Postpetiolar node subrectangular, approximately one and six-tenths
times as broad as long. Ventral surface of petiole, sides of postpetiole, and
anteroventral surface of gaster with spongiform processes. Dorsal surface of
gaster with a few longitudinal striae near base.

Dorsal surface of head with sparsely distributed, fine, very closely appressed
hairs. Thorax with a pair of unusually long, slender hairs at humeral angles
and also at posterior corners of pronotum. Dorsal surface of petiole and post-
petiole, and both dorsal and ventral surfaces of gaster with sparsely distributed,
erect hairs. Hairs on legs rather appressed.

Dorsal surface of head with a very fine sculpture which has a somewhat

256 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

coriaceous appearance. Body smooth and shining except for ventral portion
of antennal scrobe, collarlike extension of prothorax, legs, and much of petiole
which are punctulate, subopaque.

Dark brown, approaching black; with lighter mandibles, translucent border of
head and clypeus, antennae, and legs.

Type locality —Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone.

Description based on the holotype and a paratype, both
workers, collected by James Zetek in December 1943 or January
1944. The specimens bear Zetek No. 5114 and U. S. National
Museum No. 56903.

Glamyromyrmex beebei Wheeler

Glamyromyrmex beebei Wheeler, 1915, Harvard Univ. Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul.
59: 488-491, worker, female, male. Worker, fig. 2 a and b, female c, male
d, e, and f.

Type locality —Suburb of Para, Brazil, C. William Beebe.
Cotypes in the Harvard University Museum of Comparative
Zoology under M. C. Z. No. 9039.

TWO MAYFLY GYNANDROMORPHS (EPHEMEROPTERA)!

By Ricuarp H. Dacey

During a survey of the mayfly fauna of Minnesota over the
period 1936-1941, large numbers of mayfly adults were examined
from all parts of the state. In the course of the study, two
interesting gynandromorphs were noted. Since this condition
has not commonly been reported in the mayfly literature, these
two unique specimens are described below.

The first, a specimen of Blasturus nebulosus (Walker), occurred
in a large series of this species collected by the writer from Mille
Lacs Lake, Mille Lacs Co., Minnesota, on June 3, 1937.

The dimorphism so characteristic of most mayflies is especially
striking in B. nebulosus. Males, in general, are smaller than
the females and have the fore wings conspicuously marked
with a brown cloud over the distal third, while in the female the
wings are unmarked. ‘The compound eyes of the male are very
large while those of the female are much smaller. ‘The fore legs
of the male are much longer than those of the female, and the
presence of forceps and penes lobes form a conspicuous struc-
ture peculiar to the male. Usually the caudal filaments are
relatively longer in the male than in the female. In general,
the above characteristics apply to the different sexes of most
species of mayflies.

1 Paper No. 2192 of the Scientific Journal Series of the Minnesota Agricultural
Experiment Station.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 257

In general appearance, this first gyanndromorph most re-
sembles an ordinary female imago, but the writer’s attention
was first attracted when the “female” bore the external geni-
talia of the male sex. Further examination disclosed a mosaic
type of gynandomorphism in which the left side showed certain
male characteristics while the right side showed almost all
female characteristics.

The body size (12 mm.) and wing length (12 mm.) are those
of the average female in this species. "The two fore wings appear
similar and are wholly unlike the male in lacking the familiar
brown cloud so distinctive of that sex in this species. One
slight wing difference was discovered. A minute part of the
wing along the margin between vein M: and the intercalary
between M, and M, (Needham-Traver system) showed a trace
of the typical brown cloud of the male. This minute pigmented
area occurred on the left or “male” side. The cloud, although
very faint, shows some relation to the male wing, but the pig-
ment will probably fade out entirely in alcohol as so frequently
occurs even in normal male wings in time.

The compound eyes are those of the female and show no
differences nor any resemblance to the relatively huge eyes of
the normal male. The left ocellus (“‘male” side) is fully twice
the size of the right (“‘female’’) side), and the median ocellus is
deflected slightly to the left. The lateral ocelli are conspicu-
ously larger in the normal male when compared with those of
the normal female.

Unfortunately, the fore legs and median caudal filament are
lacking. Any difference in length of left and right fore legs
would have been of great interest since the fore legs differ
greatly in length in normal males and females. The other legs
showed no apparent differences on the two sides.

The dorsal abdominal color pattern is symmetrical and is
characteristic of the normal female. The ventral markings of
the gynandromorph are decidedly abnormal. ‘Typically, the
male is darker than the female ventrally. In this specimen, the
thoracic venter and first abdominal sternum are distinctly
divided into two halves—the left or ‘“‘male” half is solidly black-
ish-brown while the right or ‘“‘female” half is entirely pale. A
midventral dividing line along the other sterna is distinct in
that the two halves of any one sternum do not resemble each
other in color pattern. ‘This pattern is not a continuation of
the thoracic pattern just described but seems to separate a
patchwork of dark and light colored areas. Sterna 2-3 are
essentially alike on each side, but 5, 6 and 8 show more dark
areas on the right, while 7 and 9 have the dark markings on the
left. Light and dark markings are equally distributed on 4
but in different patterns on each half sternum.

258 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

~

The external genitalia are almost wholly male. The left or
‘male’? side shows the normal penis and normal forceps limb,
but the right or “female” side lacks the penis, and the forceps
limb is rudimentary (see Fig. 1). The caudal filaments are
asymmetrical—the left or “‘male”’ filament is distinctly thicker
and longer (33 mm.) than the right or ‘“‘female” filament (23
mm.). In normal males, the caudal filaments are always
stouter and longer than in the female.

Fig. 1. Genitalia of the normal male, Blasturus nebulosus, and of the
gynandromorph.

Oddly enough, the second gynandromorph noted in this study
of Minnesota mayflies occurred in the same genus. ‘This speci-
men, identified as Blasturus cupidus (Say), was taken at Taylor’s
Falls, Minnesota, on the St. Croix River, May 31, 1938, by the
writer.

At first glance, the dried specimen appeared to be a normal
female, even to the extent of having the abdomen packed with
eggs in the usual manner. ‘The coloration and size were those
of the normal female. ‘The eyes were conspicuously different,
however, that on the left being large, the size of the normal male
eye. ‘There was no difference in the relative lengths of the fore
legs, their length being that of the normal female. The geni-
talia are especially peculiar. -Forceps limbs are present, but
the right one, corresponding to the side with the “female” eye,
is stunted. The left forceps limb, on the side with the ‘‘male”
eye, is apparently the size of the normal male. No penes lobes

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 259

are discernible. Unfortunately, the right fore wing and right
caudal filament are missing in this unusual specimen.

Needham, Traver and Hsu (1935), p. 114, record the occur-
rence of a gynandromorph in which a species of Stenonema
(interpunctatum group) combines male and female character-
istics. It resembles the Blasturus nebulosus gynandromorph
described above in that it is predominately female. In the
Stenonema gynandromorph, the left half possesses the male
coloration on the dorsum of the thorax and the half-forceps and
single penis at the end of segment 9. The head, legs and caudal
filaments are those of the female. This specimen was collected
by J. R. Traver on Lake Erie, July 7, 1934.

Spieth and Ide (1939) have described four more gynandro-
morphs from North American material occurring in their col-
lections. ‘The species involved are Leptophlebia mollis (Hagen),
Stenonema terminatum (Walsh), Stenonema rubromaculatum
(Clemens), and Potamanthus flaveola (Walsh).- Various combi-
nations of male and female characteristics were observed in
these specimens. In the gynandromorph of Leptophlebia mollis,
the characteristics of the female were present at the anterior
end, those of the male at the posterior end, including well
developed male genitalia. ‘The others showed a mosaic mixture
of characteristics of both sexes.

The two gynandromorphs described in this paper, one de-
scribed by Needham, Traver, and Hsu,.and the four noted by
Spieth and Ide make a total of seven described mayfly gynan-
dromorphs for North America.

Tiensuu (1937) has summarized the European literature in
regard to this interesting condition in European mayflies.
Previous to the publication of his paper, the only intersexes
discussed in this literature were of the same species, Baetis
rhodan1 Pictet. Tiensuu describes five new anomalies from
material collected in Finland. The three intersexes described
include specimens of Baetis scambens Eaton, Baetis sp, (? biocu-
latus) and Cloeon praetextum Bengston. All of these indi-
viduals show peculiar intersexual mingling of male and female
characteristics, although they are not bilaterally symmetrical.

LITERATURE CITED.

Neepuam, J. G., Traver, J. R., and Hsu, Yin-Cur. 1935. Biology of
Mayflies. Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y.

Spietu, H. T. and Inez, F. P. 1939. Some gynandromorphs of Ephemerop-
tera. Canad. Ent. 1939. 71 (8): 165-168.

Ttensuu, L. 1937. Anomalous mayfly individuals (Ephemerida). Suo-
men Hyonteistieteellinen Aikakauskirja. Annales Entomologici Fennici,
217-223.

260 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

NOMENCLATURE OF THE GENUS NYSIUS AND ITS ALLIES
(Lygaeidae: Heteroptera)

By R. L. Usincer, U.S. Public Health Service, and R. I. Satter, U. S. Depart-

ment of Agriculture

Recently (China, The Generic Names of British Insects, pt.
8, p. 236, 1943) it has been shown that under the International
Rules of Zoological Nomenclature Nysitus Dallas, 1852, is not
applicable to the genus universally known under that name.
Through an oversight China cited Macroparius Stal, 1872,
the correct name instead of Artheneis Spinola, 1837, ‘which hé
listed as a synonym. In recent correspondence he has agreed
that the latter name must be employed for this genus of Lygaei-
date. Unfortunately, this change would produce much confusion
in literature of economic entomology since the name Nysius has
become virtually synonymous with ‘‘false chinch bug” and
“Rutherglen bug,” two important pests of agricultural crops
in Europe, North America, and Australia. It seems advisable,
therefore, to request the International Commission on Zoologi-
cal Nomenclature to take appropriate action under suspension
of the Rules in order to maintain Nysius for the genus of bugs
to which it has long been applied.

The change to either Macroparius or Arthenets is not made
necessary through any misconception of the groups involved
but simply through ,two unfortunate genotype selections.
Distant (1903), ignoring the carefully defined subgenera of
Stal (Enum. Hemipt. 4: 119-122, 1874), and Horvath (Rev.
d’Ent. 9: 185-191, 1890) considered the genus Nysius as a unit
and designated Nysius zealandicus Dallas as its type. Zeal-
andicus had previously been set apart by Stal (1868) in a
monotypic subgenus, Rhypodes, and Nysius was used for the
cosmopolitan group including thymz and its allies. ‘This did not
exclude zealandicus from consideration as the genotype of
Nysius, since Dallas included it as one of the original species.
Distant continued to use the name Nysius for the false chinch
bug and its allies until his death. However, Evans (1929)
raised most of the subgenera, including Rhypodes, to full genera.
This should have precipitated the matter because the name
Nysius should have been used in place of Rhypodes, and the
next oldest synonym should have been selected for Nysius
auct. nec. Dallas. However, Distant’s type fixation was over-
looked, and it remained for Mr. China to point out the nomen-
clatural inconsistency in 1943.

Meanwhile, Kirkaldy (1909) noted that, as Spinola himself
had suggested, Artheneis Spinola, 1837 (a common European
genus and type of the subfamily Artheneinae), actually com-
prised two genera. Instead of following general usage and
designating foveolata as the type of Artheneis, Kirkaldy cited

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 261

“(type eymotdes),=Nysius Dallas, 1852” (sic!), thus confusing
the Nysius picture and necessitating a new name, Tyrrhenets,
which he proposed for Artheneis auct., nec. Kirkaldy. It is not
clear whether Kirkaldy intended to replace Nystus with Arthen-
eis or not. He described many new species of Nysius in 1910
but the paper was published posthumously. We have seen no
evidence in his published works or in his private collection to
indicate that he contemplated a change in the name Nyszus.

Oshanin (1912) ignored the earlier genotype fixations and
designated genotypes designed to legalize current usage.
Oshanin’s type designations were accepted by Van Duzee in his
““Check List’? (1916) and “Catalogue” (1917) and have been
generally, though incorrectly, accepted by hemipterists up to
the present time.

Thus we are faced with a situation in which two authors
designated genotypes which completely upset existing usage.
The changes were entirely unnecessary and it seems clear that
the authors had no intention of changing anything, because
they failed to make the changes in their own subsequent work.
Under the Rules their intentions are, of course, of no conse-
quence, but considered in connection with the economic im-
portance of the group and the universal acceptance of the
names in current usage, it seems justifiable to consider action
under suspension of the Rules which would permit retention
of the name Nyszus for the concept with which it has been uni-
versally associated.

We, therefore, respectfully recommend that the International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature exercise the plenary
power conferred on it by the International Zoological Congress
and that the following actions be taken:

1. Reject Distant’s (1903) designation of Nysius zealandi-
cus Dallas in favor of Oshanin’s (1912) designation of
Lygaeus thymi Wolff, 1804, as type of Nystus Dallas, 1852.

2. Reject Kirkaldy’s (1909) designation of Artheners
cymoides Spinola, 1837, in favor of Oshanin’s (1912) designa-
tion of Artheneis foveolata Spinola, 1837, as the type of
Artheneis Spinola, 1837.

CONCLUSIONS

Suppression of the Distant and Kirkaldy genotype designa-

tions will result in the following:
Nysius Dallas, 1852, type Lygaeus thymt Wolff, 1804.
(= Macroparius Stal, 1872), type Heterogaster gramini-

cola Kolenati, 1846.
Rhy podes Stal, 1868, type (Nysius zealandicus Dallas, 1852)

= R. clavicornis (F.), 1794.
(= Myersia Evans, 1929), type Lygaeus clavicornis F.,
1794.

262 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

Artheneis Spinola, 1837, type Artheneis foveolata Spinola,
1837.
(=Tyrrheneis Kirkaldy, 1909), type Artheneis foveo-
lata Spinola, 1837.

SUMMARY OF LITERATURE

Nysius Dallas, 1852, List of Hemiptera, vol..:2, p. 551: “(No
type designated.)

Nysius, Distant, 1903, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 2, p. 17 [Type
designated as (Nysius zealandicus Dall as) = Rhypodes clavi-
cornis (F.).|

Nystus, Oshanin, 1912, Kat. Palae. Hemip.,: p. 28) "Giype
designated as N. thymi Wolff.)

Macroparius Stal, 1872, Ofv. K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 29
(7): 43. (Type, Heterogaster graminicola Kolenati, 1846;
the only included species.)

Rhypodes Stal, 1868, Hemip. Fabr., p. 76. [Type, (WVysius
zealandicus Dallas, 1852)=Rhypodes clavicornis (F.), the
only included species. |

Myersia Evans, 1929, Bull. Ent. Res. 19: 353.[Type, (Lygaeus
clavicornis F., 1794) = Rhy podes clavicornis (F.).]

Arthenets Spinola, 1837, Essai Hemip., p. 250. (No type desig-
nated, but genus divided into two subdivisions: )

Artheneis, Kirkaldy, 1909, Canad. Ent. 41: 31. (Type desig-
nated as “‘eymozdes.’’)

Artheneis, Oshanin, 1912, Kat. Palae. Hemip., p. 312 Wipe
designated as Artheneis foveolata Spinola.) ;

Tyrrheneis Kirkaldy, 1909, Canad. Ent. 43: 31. (Type desig-

nated as ‘‘foveolata.’’)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, 547TH
REGULAR MEETING, JUNE 1, 1944

The 547th regular meeting of the Society was held Thursday, June 1, 1944,
in Room 43 of the National Museum with President Annand presiding. Twenty
seven members and 17 visitors were present. ‘The minutes of the previous
meeting were read and approved.

New members were elected as follows:

Mayor Roberto Levi Castillo, P. O. Box 759, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Capt. John N. Belkin, 20th Malaria Survey Unit, APO 709, c/o P. M.,
San Francisco, Calif.

Dr. W. H. Mitchell, Bibliography Division, Library, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Washington, D. C.

Mr. Sailer stated that the species of bedbug collected at Gainesville, Florida,
in 1938 was definitely the tropical species, Cimex hemipterus. Its identity had
been tentatively confirmed by Dr. G. M. List in 1940. There are now records
from 7 localities, indicating a widespread distribution in the State. He also

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944 263

referred to an unusual family of Hemiptera, the Enicocephalidae, members of
which he had observed in his own back yard hovering about 6 feet above the
ground in swarms of 50 to 100 individuals. Specimens were circulated. There
were comments by Mr. Muesebeck and Dr. Townes.

Mr. A. J. Kramer of the Solicitor’s Office, U. S. Department of Agriculture
gave the first paper on the regular program: Patents from the Point of View of
the Deparment of Agriculture.

The Department of Agriculture embraces one of the largest research organiza-
tions in the world which is financed by the people of the United States through
the medium of taxation and therefore inventions made through the Depart-
ment’s research efforts are regarded as belonging to the people. Patents are
obtained to protect this public investment and also to permit certain adminis-
trative control over exploitation in the interests of health, safety and morals.
Congressional authority is needed to permit the Department to issue exclusive
licenses under its patents to encourage exploitation requiring large capital in-
vestments. A bidding system employing time schedules of production as the
bidding factor could be employed to select exclusive licensees, if such authority
were granted. The term of license would be the time bid plus a further period
thereafter agreed upon.

Two types of public service patents are obtained, namely, the dedicated patent
which is used when administrative control over exploitation is unnecessary or
undesirable, and the assigned patent whereby the Secretary can control exploi-
tation through issuance of licenses. (Author’s Abstract).

Mr. Rohwer and Dr. Annand commented on the various types of patents
issued to the Bureau, methods of making patents available, and means of
enforcing licensing regulations. Mr. Kramer referred to the forthcoming report
of the National Patent Planning Commission.

The second paper was by Mr. H. H. Stage: Observations on Mosquito Condi-
tions in the Muskeg and Tundra of Northern Canada. Mr. Stage illustrated
his talk with colored slides.

In July, 1943, I had an opportunity to make a few brief observations on
mosquito ecology in the muskeg and tundra of northern Canada. The trip wa;
made at the request of the Quartermaster General’s Office and the Surgeon
General’s Office, United States Army. Its purpose was to make practical field
tests of mosquito repellents and other mosquito equipment. Information was
obtained on mosquito conditions the length and breadth of Manitoba and cer-
tain points in the Northwest Territories.

Two officers and twelve enlisted men were detailed to assist Dr. Terris Moore
of the Quartermaster General’s Office and myself. In order to simulate practi-
cal field conditions, a march into typical muskeg and tundra country under
forced-march conditions was made by the party. We followed no trails. We
carried our food, shelter, and all equipment and packs strapped to our backs,
and it was up to us to protect ourselves by any means we could against the
myriads of mosquitoes which were constantly present. Our special equipment
included several kinds of head nets, clothing, foot gear, sleeping bags, pup tents,
and several insect repellents.

During the march, several hundred tests were made with the repellents on the
bare arms and legs of the members of the party.

264 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

We met with tremendous hordes of mosquitoes practically every hour of the
march. For example, in making the round of the tents one evening, I estimated
rather closely that 1900 mosquitoes were roosting on one of the tents. The
following morning I counted in the two ventilators of the tent 126 dead speci-
mens which had been carried inside accidentally by the two occupants and killed
the night before with the aerosol bombs. ‘The mosquitoes were so abundant
that, as we prepared our meals over the fire in the open, several fell into our
rations at each meal.

At the end of the march, the group voted unanimously in favor of the use of
repellents rather than of head nets and heavy clothing as a means of protection
against the mosquitoes encountered. A few observations were made on the
comparative responses to colors of mosquitoes in this area. Counts were made
of the numbers on black, white, and khaki-colored shirts during periods of thirty
seconds each. The mosquitoes alighting on the white shirts averaged 2, on the
black shirts 8, and on the khaki shirt 35. On bare backs, an average of 97
mosquitoes were counted per 30-second interval.

In southern Manitoba Aedes vexans, A. flavescens, A, cinereus, A. dorsalis, A.
spencerti, and A. excrucians are first seen in early June. In northern Manitoba
Aedes cataphylla and A. nearcticus put in an appearance in July, and close to the
Arctic Circle Aedes nigripes appeared late in July and were found in pure
cultures only. In the latter instance the larvae were found in water which
probably never exceeded 40° F. Some idea of the tremendous area over which
these mosquitoes breed in prodigious numbers can be gained by referring to a
map of northern Canada. The muskeg and tundra extends three or four
thousand miles east and west and at least one thousand miles north and south.
Over practically every square mile there are large and small pools of water fed
from below by melting ice. Practically all of these pools give rise to large
broods of the mosquito species mentioned.

It is difficult to imagine how the tremendous hordes of mosquitoes are able
to obtain blood meals in these trackless wastes, forin much of the area visited
there was very little sign of animal life. The great numbers of mosquitoes and.
the apparent lack of suitable food raise the question whether these species can
lay fertile eggs without blood meals. Plant specimens associated with Aedes
nearcticus and A. cataphylla close to the northern limits of tree growth were
Salix sp., Labrador tea, sedge, lousewort, Alpine bearberry, buffaloberry, crow-
berry, mountain avens, reindeermoss, sweet coltsfoot, whortleberry, black
spruce, birch, and larch. (Author’s Abstract.)

Discussion followed by Mr. Rohwer, Mr. Wood, Dr. Bishopp, Dr. McGovran,
Dr. Anderson, Dr. Stone, and Lt. Daggy.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: Dr. A. L. Ayroza
Galvao of Brazil, Ensign C. E. Hopla, and Lt. (j. g.) Donald J. Borrow.

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 9:35 P. M.

Ina L. Hawes,
Recording Secretary.

INDEX TO VOLUME 46

Acanthognathus, 150; brevicornis, n. sp.,
151

Acaricoris, n. gen., 128; ignotus, n. sp., 128

Acarina, 53, 159, 176

Acridiophaga caridei, 239

Aedes mathesoni, n. sp., 42; kochi group,
205; solomonis, n. sp., 208; knizhti,
n. sp., 210; clavirostris, n. sp. 213;
suvae, n. sp., 214; daggyi, n. sp., 215;
gurneyi, n. sp., 217; marshallensis.
n. sp., 218

Alaska, entomology in, 203

Aleuroglandulus 1, magnus, n. sp., 4;
emmae, n. sp. 5; malangae, n. sp. 5

Aleyrodidae, 1

Amblystira dozieri, n. sp., 94

American Association of Economic Ento-
mologist, program, 23

Anopheles farauti, 132

Aradidae, 128

Argasidae, 53

Baccha vera, n. sp., 10; triloba, n. sp. 11

Back, E. A., note by, 163

Baxer, W. A., talk by 134

Batt, FE. D., obituary of, 21

Bdella chapultepecensis, n. sp. 177; rio
lermensis, n. sp., 178; cronini, n. sp.,
178; distincta, n. sp., 179

Bdellidae, 176

Bisuop, F. C., note by 53; report by, 80

Buackman, M. W., obituary of, 15

Blattidae, 134

Bouart, R. M., note by, 163

BottTimer, L. J., note by, 23

BrIpDWELL, J. C., note by, 23

Bruchidae, 23

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine, control projects, 23

Buscx, AuGustT, obituary and bibliography
of, 231

Calliceras amesicola, n. sp., 155

Cardiocondyla, 30

Ceriogaster funebris, n. sp., 11

CHAMBERLIN, J. C., talk by, 102

Chile, entomology in, 23

Chrysomelidae, 137, 249

Cicadellidae, 85

Cimex hemipterus, 263

Coleoptera 23, 76, 100, 137, 249

Coneucoela tanganyikensis, n. sp. 63

Control, projects 23; cotton insects, 83;
insect nutrition and, 202

Corresponding Secretary, Report of, 49

Cortes, Rat, talk by, 23

Corythucha compta, n. sp., 96

Cotton Insects, control, 83

Crawrorp, J. C., talk by, 135

Culex lavatae, n. sp. 220

Culicidae 42, 54, 132, 165, 205, 263

Cusuman, A. D.; talk by, 203

Cynipidae, 55

Davis, G. E., talk by, 53

DDT, 163, 202

Delineation of Insects, 203

Diptera, 10, 42, 45, 48, 102, 132,
163, 165, 205, 239, 263

Dorilaidae, 48

Embiidae, 163

Enicocephalidae, 263

152-154,

Entomological Society of America,

pro-
gram, 23
Entomology, in Chile, 23; in wartime,
80-83; in Alaska 102

IK phemeroptera, 256

Epimixia veteris, n. sp., 71; tenuatis, n. sp.,
71; evansi, n: sp. 72

Epitrix, 137; tuberis, n. sp., 137; similaris,
n. sp., 142

Eretmocoris, n. g., 130; tatei, n. sp., 131

European Corn-Borer, parasites of, 134

Fett, E. P., obituary of, 27

Figites floridensis, n. n., 62

Formicidae, 30; 97, 150, 225, 254

Fulgoroidea, morphology, 185

Gargaphia shelfordi, n. sp., 95

Glamyromyrmex wheeleri, n. sp., 254

Glyptocoris, n. gen., 129; sejunctus, n. sp.,
129

Gynandromorphs, 256

Hadropoda poikila, n. sp.,
D- Sp-; 253

Haemagogus boshelli, n. sp., 165; andinus,
n. sp., 176

Haeusster, G. J., note by, 23

Harpy, D. E., book by, 48

Harnep, R. W., talk by, 83

Hemiptera, 67, 94, 105, 128, 202, 260, 263

Homoptera 1, 23, 85, 185

Hoplitis rhodesiae, n. sp., 248

Howarp, L. O., letter from, 52

Hymenoptera, 30, 55, 97, 134, 150, 155,
225, 246, 254

James, M. T., book review by, 48; talk by,
102

252; aspila,

265

266

Japanese Beetle, 100
Jones, M. P., report by, 82
Kramer, A. J., talk by, 263
Lachnomyrmex, 225; haskinsi, n.
Law tor, W. K., talk by, 54
Levua, n. subg., 214
Lullius insolens, n.

an LAU,

sp., 68

Luzonus, n. suhg., 202

Lygaeidae, 260

Mac teop, G. F., talk by, 202

Malaria Control, 54

MartattT, C. L., statement by, 100-102

Mecopelmus, n. g., 78; zeteki, n. sp., 78

Megachile weenenica, n. sp., 246; naten-
siella, n. sp., 247; pondonis, n. sp., 247

Megachilidae, 246

Mesocynips albata, n. sp., 55

Metachroma chapini, n. sp., 250; oteroi,
MenSD see

Microtydeus beltrani, n. sp., 159

Minutes, 22, 52, 80, 100, 134, 163, 202,
233, 262

Monotrichobdella, n. g., 176; max-os-
burni, n. sp., 176

MueEsEBEck, C. F. W., talk by, 23

Myiasis, 102

Naucoridae, 202

Nethersia poorae, n. sp., 72; absimilis,

n. sp., 74; nostratis, n. sp., 74; koebeli,
n. sp., 75; pugna, n. sp., 76
Nysius, 260
Ornithodoros, 53
Orr, L. W., talk by, 163
Orthoptera, 134
Osmia ausica, n. sp., 249
Paramblynotus zonatus, n. sp., 56 .
Paraschiza, n. g., 58; cupressana, n. sp., 58
Patents, 263
Pear Psylla trap, 23

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

Pentatomidae, 105

Phlepsius, spp., 85; ventosus,
n. sp., 86; flectus, n. sp., 88; digitus,
n. sp., 89; calidus, n. sp., 90; caldwelli,
n. sp., 92; singularis, n. sp., 92

Mexican

Pleseobyrsa parana, n. sp., 95

Popuam, W.L., talk by, 23

Pseudeucoila bochei, n. sp., 65

Rouwer, S. A., report by 81; note by, 163

Sabestena, n. g., 67 africana, n. sp., 68

Sarter, R. I., note by, 202, 263

Sarcophagidae, 239

Sericothrips sidae, n. sp., 200

Siecter, E. H., note by, 202

Siphonaptera, 202

Snopecrass, R. E., note by, 202

Solubea, 105; pugnax torrida, n. ssp., 114;
mexicana, n. sp., 114; grisescens, n. sp.,
118; ornata, n. sp., 124

Southern Medical Society, 53

Stace, H. H., talk by, 263

Syrphidae, 10, 45

Tendipedini, 163

Thaumastomyrmex, 97; zeteki, n. sp., 98

Thrasorus, n. gen., 59; pilosus, n. sp., 59

Thripidae, 200

Thysanoptera, 135, 200

Ticks, and relapsing fever, 53

Tingitidae, 67, 94

Townes, H. K., note by 134; talk by, 163

Treasurer, Report of, 50

Triclavus drakei, n. sp., 156

Tridilatydeus globiferus, n. sp., 160;
fragarius, n. sp., 161; robustus, n. sp.
162

Tropicanus, n. subg., 87

Tydeidae, 159

Wuire, W. H., talk by, 23

Xylota fo, n. sp., 45; stylata, n. sp., 46

Actual date of publication, December 30, 1944.

INDEX TO VOLUME 46

Acanthognathus, 150; brevicornis, n. sp.,
151

Acaricoris, n. gen., 128; ignotus, n. sp., 128

Acarina, 53, 159, 176 ;

Acridiophaga caridei, 239

Aedes mathesoni, n. sp., 42; kochi group,
205; solomonis, n. sp., 208; knizhti,

nesp-, 210; iclavixostnis, n. sp. 213;
suvae, n. sp., 214; daggyi, n. sp., 215;
gurneyi, n. sp., 217; marshallensis,

n. sp., 218

Alaska, entomology in, 203

Aleuroglandulus 1, magnus, n. sp., 4;
emmae, n. sp. 5; malangae, n. sp. 5

Aleyrodidae, 1

Amblystira dozieri, n. sp., 94

American Association of Economic Ento-
mologist, program, 23

Anopheles farauti, 132

Aradidae, 128

Argasidae, 53

Baccha vera, n. sp., 10; triloba, n. sp. 11

Back, E. A., note by, 163

Baker, W. A., talk by 134

Batu, E. D., obituary of, 21

Bdella chapultepecensis, n. sp. 177; rio-
lermensis, n. sp., 178; cronini, n. sp.,
178; distincta, n. sp., 179

Bdellidae, 176

Bisuop, F. C., note by 53; report by, 80

Bracxman, M. W., obituary of, 15

Blattidae, 134

Bonart, R. M., note by, 163

Bottimer, L. J., note by, 23

BripweELtL, J. C., note by, 23

Bruchidae, 23

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine, control projects, 23

Busck, Aucust, obituary and bibliography
of, 231

Calliceras amesicola, n. sp., 155

Cardiocondyla, 30

Ceriogaster funebris, n. sp., 11

CHAMBERLIN, J. C., talk by, 102

Chile, entomology in, 23

Chrysomelidae, 137, 249

Cicadellidae, 85

Cimex hemipterus, 263

Coleoptera 23, 76, 100, 137, 249

Coneucoela tanganyikensis, n. sp. 63

Control, projects 23; cotton insects, 83;
insect nutrition and, 202

Corresponding Secretary, Report of, 49

Cortes, Ratt, talk by, 23

Corythucha compta, n. sp., 96

Cotton Insects, control, 83

Crawrorp, J. C., talk by, 135

Culex lavatae, n. sp. 220

Culicidae 42, 54, 132, 165, 205, 263

Cusuman, A. D., talk by, 203

Cynipidae, 55

Davis, G. E., talk by, 53

DDT, 163, 202

Delineation of Insects, 203

Diptera, 10, 42, 45, 48, 102, 132, 152-154,
163, 165, 205, 239, 263

Dorilaidae, 48

Embiidae, 163

Enicocephalidae, 263

Entomological Society of America, pro-
gram, 23

Entomology, in Chile, 23; in
80-83; in Alaska 102

Ephemeroptera, 256

wartime,

Epimixia veteris, n. sp., 71; tenuatis, n. sp.,
71; evansi, n. sp. 72

Epitrix, 137; tuberis, n. sp., 137; similaris,
n. sp., 142

Eretmocoris, n. g., 130; tatei, n. sp., 131

European Corn-Borer, parasites of, 134

Feut, E. P., obituary of, 27

Figites floridensis, n. n., 62

Formicidae, 30, 97, 150, 225, 254

Fulgoroidea, morphology, 185

Gargaphia shelfordi, n. sp., 95

Glamyromyrmex wheeleri, n. sp., 254

Glyptocoris, n. gen., 129; sejunctus, n. sp.,
129

Gynandromorphs, 256

Hadropoda poikila, n. sp., 252; aspila,
Nl. Sp:, 203

Haemagogus boshelli, n. sp., 165; andinus,
n. sp., 176

Haeuss er, G. J., note by, 23

Harpy, D. E., book by, 48

Harnep, R. W., talk by, 83

Hemiptera, 67, 94, 105, 128, 202, 260, 263

Homoptera 1, 23, 85, 185

Hoplitis rhodesiae, n. sp., 248

Howarp, L. O., letter from, 52

Hymenoptera, 30, 55, 97, 134, 150, 155,
225, 246, 254

James, M. T., book review by, 48; talk by,
102

265

266

Japanese Beetle, 100

Jones, M. P., report by, 82
Kramer, A. J., talk by, 263
Lachnomyrmex, 225; haskinsi, n.
Law tor, W. K., talk by, 54
Levua, n. subg., 214

Lullius insolens, n.

sp. 227

sp., 68

Luzonus, n. suhg., 202

Lygaeidae, 260

Mac teop, G. F., talk by, 202

Malaria Control, 54

Maruatt, C. L., statement by, 100—102

Mecopelmus, n. g., 78; zeteki, n. sp., 78

Megachile weenenica, n. sp., 246; naten-
siella, n. sp., 247; pondonis, n. sp., 247

Megachilidae, 246

Mesocynips albata, n. sp., 55

Metachroma chapini, n. sp., 250; oteroi,
Ns Spey 202

Microtydeus beltrani, n. sp., 159

Minutes, 22, 52, 80, 100, 134, 163, 202,
233, 262

Monotrichobdella, n. g., 176; max-os-
burni, n. sp., 176

MueseEBEck, C. F. W., talk by, 23

Myiasis, 102

Naucoridae, 202

Nethersia poorae, n. sp., 72; absimilis,

n. sp., 74; nostratis, n. sp., 74; koebeli,
n. sp., 75; pugna, n. sp., 76
Nysius, 260
Ornithodoros, 53
Orr, L. W., talk by, 163
Orthoptera, 134
Osmia ausica, n. sp., 249
Paramblynotus zonatus, n. sp., 56
Paraschiza, n. g., 58; cupressana, n. sp., 58
Patents, 263
Pear Psylla trap, 23

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 46, NO. 9, DEC., 1944

Pentatomidae, 105

Phlepsius, Mexican spp., 85; ventosus,
n. sp., 86; flectus, n. sp., 88; digitus,
n. sp., 89; calidus, n. sp., 90; caldwelli,
n. sp., 92; singularis, n. sp., 92

Pleseobyrsa parana, n. sp., 95

Popnam, W. L., talk by, 23

Pseudeucoila bochei, n. sp., 65

Rouwer, S. A., report by 81; note by, 163

Sabestena, n. g., 67 africana, n. sp., 68

Sarcer, R. I., note by, 202, 263

Sarcophagidae, 239

Sericothrips sidae, n. sp., 200

Srecter, E. H., note by,.202

Siphonaptera, 202

Snoperass, R. E., note by, 202

Solubea, 105; pugnax torrida, n. ssp., 114;
mexicana, n. sp., 114; grisescens, n. sp.,
118; ornata, n. sp., 124

Southern Medical Society, 53

Stace, H. H., talk by, 263

Syrphidae, 10, 45

Tendipedini, 163

Thaumastomyrmex, 97; zeteki, n. sp., 98

Thrasorus, n. gen., 59; pilosus, n. sp., 59

Thripidae, 200

Thysanoptera, 135, 200

Ticks, and relapsing fever, 53

Tingitidae, 67, 94

Townes, H. K., note by 134; talk by, 163

Treasurer, Report of, 50

Triclavus drakei, n. sp., 156

Tridilatydeus globiferus, n. sp.,
fragarius, n.
162

Tropicanus, n. subg., 87

Tydeidae, 159

Wuire, W. H., talk by, 23 ©

Xylota fo, n. sp., 45; stylata, n. sp., 46

160;
sp., 161; robustus, n. sp.

Actual date of publication, December 30, 1944.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Memoir Number 2, ‘fA Classification of Larvae and Adults of the
Genus Phyllophaga,”’ by Adam G. Béving, is now available for distribution.

To non-members and institutions................. Bie $3.00
iommembersiof the \Soclety sy.) 0.50 V5. 200s We eee $2.40

A morphological and taxonomic study of this economically important genus
of beetles, with keys to the larvae, and a classification based upon both larval

and adult structures.

Back numbers of the Proceedings are available at the general rate of 50 cents
per number. Some of the older articles are also available as reprints. Memoir
Number 1, “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia,” by Grace A,
Sandhouse, is for sale at $3.00 ($2.50 to members of the Society). Members
are entitled to discounts on certain types of orders. We welcome inquiries

concerning this literature.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
Washington 25, D.C.

CONTENTS

BLAKE, DORIS H.—NOTES ON FIVE WEST INDIAN CHRYSOMELIDAE
(GO OEMOP TRA) Ue peu ee Na os NO Ra

COCKERELL, T. D. A.— SOME AFRICAN MEGACHILID BHES..-....-..--..=--.---.-
DAGGY, RICHARD H.—TWO MAYFLY GYNANDROMORPHS (EPHEMEROP-

DE CROUZEL, IRMA SANTORO—FIRST INSTAR LARVA OF ACRIDIO-
PHAGA CARIDEI (BRETHES) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)......

SMITH, MARION R.—A SECOND SPECIES OF GLAMYROMYRMEX WHEELER
(HYWENOPTERA? FORMICIDAB) :..0 00 i! itr 1 Ser ond Wee alee

USINGER, R. L. AND SAILER, R. I.—NOMENCLATURE OF THE GENUS
NYSIUS AND ITS ALLIES (LYGAEIDAE: HETEROPTERA)..............-.-.--

OBITUARY): AUGUST: BUSGK aioe ca Cee ee Ee ea ear

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