THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY 580.C LP I90I /^a^ i I !R 1902.] [Price 48. PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 114th session. From Nove^iber 1901 to June 1902. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE LINNEAN SOOIETT. BURLINaTON HOUSE, PICCADILLT. W., BT TATLOK AND FEANCI8, RED LION OOtTET, TLBBX BTBBKT. -/9t)\ PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. (ONE HUXDEED AND ELEVENTH SESSION, 189S-99.) November Srd, 1898. Dr. Albert C L. Gt. Gunthee, E.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes o£ the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Albert Harrison and William Joseph Eaiubow were elected Fellows of the Society. The President exhibited an abnormal twin tusk of an adult Indian Elephant and made the following remarks : — The tusk occupied the right jaw of the animal. The two teeth were deve- loped from separate papillae and remained perfectly separate, without any connecting ossification, although they grew side by side from tlie same socket, the uneven surface of one clcsely fitting into that of the other. The outer tooth is much larger J. than the inuer, the circumference of the outer being 124 and of 7 the inner Qg inches. The irregularity of growth seems to have ^ afi'ected the structure of the ivory, w'hich crumbled away, leaving ^~ only an irregular stump projecting a i^^ inches beyoud the ^ socket. -. He was inclined to look upon the smaller tooth as a persistent 7 milk-tooth, which, not being shed, continued to grow from its 5 original papilla ; but Mr. Charles Ton es, E.R.S., considered it a ^ case of duplication, such as is sometimes found in man and other • mammals, in which the development of two separate papillae gives ~i rise to a twin tooth of the permanent dentition. No such case ^ seems to have been previously observed in the Elephant. '^ Prof. Gr. B. How^es, F.E.S., exhibited some young and six N living eggs of the New^-Zealand Lizard Sphenodon {Katteria), ^_ received from Prof. A. Dendy of Christchurch, N.Z., part of a a:^ l^lSS. SOC. PEOCEEDIJfQS. — SESSION 1898-99. 6 A-^-^ 820493 2 PEOCEEDIlSrGS OF THE full series wliicli had furnished that gentleman with material for a monograph on the general development of the animal, now in course of publication. Briefly referring to the previous attempt of Pnrker and Thomas to secure material for the study of this subject, he said that the palgeontological discoveries of Credner justified us in regarding the Ehynchocepbalia as ihe most central among terrestrial Vertebrata. He remarked that the specimens had been sent him fur the express purpose of working out the development of the skeleton. Recapitulating the more salient discoveries recently announced by Prof. Dendy, in his preliminary paper m the Proc. Eoyal Soc. and elsewhere, he said, in comment upon them, tbat the plugging of the nostrils by cellular tissue during development is a phenomenon already described by the late T. J. Parker in Jpteryx^ and that it appeared to him akin to that of the occlusion of the oesophagus of the vertebrate embryo first described by Balfour, which De Meuron had sought to asso- ciate with the metamorphosis of the branchial diverticula. He pointed out that Dendy's discovery of a third pair of incisors was confirmatory for the upper jaw of the conclusions of the late Dr. G. Baur, and remarked that he had received a letter from Prof. Dendy, dated Sept. 12th, stating that he and his colleagues at the Antipodes had secured a Government Order protecting the eggs as well as the young of Hatleria. Mr. A. P. Grossman, P.L.S., exhibited some photographs illus- trating the case of a chicken hatched and reared by a Common Buzzard. The Buzzard had laid an egg in captivity, and mani- festing a desire to incubate, a hen's egg was substituted, which in due course was hatched and the chicken reared, the foster- parent feeding it upon morsels of flesh. It thus appeared that in a conflict of instinct, under altered conditions of life, the maternal instinct had proved stronger than the natural impulse to kill and devour weaker prey. Mr. J. E. Harting remarked that the case was not an isolated one, instances of Buzzards rearing chickens having been previously recorded (Zool. 1881, p. 106), as w ell as several cases of Eagles hatching goose-eggs and rearing the goslings (' Is ature,' April 1879, and ' Eield,' Eeb. 1896), Messrs. H. & J. Groves exhibited specimens oiNitella liyalina., Agardh, a new Bi'itish plant, and made some remarks on its afiinities and distribution. Mr. W. Carruthers, E.E.S., and the President made some observations by way of comment. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Craterostigma pwmilum, Hochst." By Prof. H. Marshall Ward, E.E.S., and Miss Dale. 2. " On Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum and other sources." By the Eev. Thomas E. E. Stebbing, E.L.S. LINKEA.N SOCIETY OF LO>'DOX. JS'ovember 17tli, 1898. Dr. Albert C. L. Gr. Gunthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Albert Harrison and Charles Chamberlain Hurst were admitted, and Mr. AVilliam Eichard Carles was elected a Eellow of the Society. Prof. Stewart, P.E.S., P.L.S., exhibited and made remarks oa the skull of a. Fox that was described and figured by Bateson in his work on V^ariatiou. Buth upper canines had divided crowns. He also exhibited the double tusk of an Indian Elephant. The tusk was two feet in length, and had a deep groove on its anterior and posterior surfaces. He considered that in both cases the condition was probably due to partial cleavage or grooving of the dental papilla. The President, referring to the exhibition of a, somewhat similar tusk at the previous Meeting, indicated the points in which the two examples differed. The following ])apers were read : — 1. " On some Spiders from Chile and Peru, collected by Dr. Platte of Berlin." By F. Pickard Cambridge. (Communi- cated by Prof. Howes, Sec. L. Soc.) 2. " The Botanical Eesults of a Journey into the Interior of Western Australia ; with some observations on the nature and relations of the Desert-Flora, and on the probable origin of the Australian Flora as a whole." Bj Spencer L, Moore, F.L.S. December 1st, 1898. Dr. Albeet C. L. G-. Gcxthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting having been read and con- firmed, the President spoke as follows : — " Before we proceed to the regular business of this meeting, I beg to express -a word of deep regret at the loss which we have sustained by the death of Professor George James Allman. He died on November 2I;th at Ardmore, his Dorsetshire residence, at the age of 87. " He has been one of the most distinguished and honoured of our Fellows, and justly so. He was an earnest and successful investigator of the fauna of British marine Invertebrates, and his contributions to our knowledge of Freshwater Polyzoa and Gymnoblastic Hydroids, although published respectively 40 and 25 years ago, are still used as standard works. But it is on nearer and more personal grounds that we claim to give expression to oyr sympathy. Professor Allman occupied the Presidential Chair of the Liunean Society for seven years, from 1874 to 1881 ; 62 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE 4 • and even after lie bad retired from the central sphere of the scientific world to the quiet pursuits of a couiitry hfe, he con- tinued to show his friendly reo;ard for the Society by making valuable additions to our Library, and by presenting us with the admirable portrait, which is one of the ornaments of this room. That portrait will remind many of those who are present to-night of the honest face, of the genial, yet manly ways which gained to him the confidence of all who came in contact with him. " Unfortunately I was unable to attend personally at the funeral, which took place last Tuesday in Parkstone Cemetery, but feeling sure that it would be the wish of the Society, one of our Secretaries, Professor Howes, went at my request to Ardmore to represent the Society on the occasion." Mr. William Eichard Carles having been admitted a Pellow of the Society, the following were balloted for and elected :-— Messrs. James Eamsay Drummond, Donald McDonald, Daniel Jfinlayson and Arthur Sinclair. Prof. J. B. Parmer, M.A., F.L.S,, exhibited and made remarks on some Gralla on the roots of Agrostis alba, and with the aid of lantern-slides demonstrated their mode of formation and development. Mr. Carruthers, P.E.S., made some observations. Mr. J. E. Harting, P.L.S., exhibited some photographs of "Wild Croats from certain islands of the TEgean Sea, with the object of throwing light upon the vexed question of their specific identity. After tracing the distribution, eastward from Greece, of the Cretan Ibex, Gapra cegagrus, he referred to specimens which he had examined in the British Museum and in the Museums of Paris and Athens, and came to the conclusion that the Wild Goat found on the island of Antlmilos, which had been described by Erhard (' Pauna der Cycladen,' p. 29) under the name of ^-Ego- cerus pictus, was identical with the species found in Crete, namely C. cegagrus ; whilst the Goats found on the island of Joura, ■which had been described and figured by Reichenow (Zpol. Jahrb. 1888, iii. p. 591) as Capra dorcas, were merely the descendants of domesticated animals which had run wild. The President referred to the small amount of change that had taken place between the wild and domesticated breeds of Goats, and to the fact that feral individuals, Irish and Welsh, sometimes developed horns approximating in size and character those of the wild type. Mr. Thomas Christy, P.L.S., exhibited a living plant oi Begonia venosa, Skan, which had been raised from seed procured by Prof. Lofgren, F.L.S., on an island near Para, and pointed out some of its peculiarities. LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. 5 A discussion followed, in which Prof. Bower and Prof. Marshall "Ward took part. The following papers were read : — 1. ''■ On the Biology o( Affaricusvelufijyes, Curt." ByMr. E.H. Biffen. (Communicated by Prof. H. Marshall Ward, E.R.S., i\L.S.) 2. " On the Gastric Glands of the Marsupialia." By Mr. James Johnston. (Commuuicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L. !Sjc.) December 15 th, 1898. Dr. Albert C. L. G. Gunther, P.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Donald McDonald, Daniel Finlayson, and Eichard Frank Hand were admitted, and the following were elected Fel- lows of the Society : — Harold Warren Moniugton, Oswald Alan Eeade, and Theophilus Hatton Wardlewortb. On behalf of Capt. John Marriott, two Crustaceans were ex- hibited which had been procured by him ou a recent journey to ihe Sinai Peninsula, and had been identified as Grapsus macu- latus and I'anulirus penicillatus. A brief account of the distri- bution and haoits was given by Mr. Hartiug. The Eev. T. E. E. Siebbing reterred to a well-known case of P. penicillatus m the Paris Museum, exhibiting the singular monstrosity of an eye-stalk developing a flagellum or lash-like termination, an observation which he thought had not been confirmed. Prof. Howes remarked that the ophthalmite had been proved to regenerate after removal as an anteuniform appendage, by Herbat in FalcBinon (Archiv f. Entwickeluugsmecbauik d. Org., Bd. ii. p. 544) and by Hofer in Astacus fluviatilis (Verb. Deutscb. Zool. Geseilsch. 18^4, p. b2), in which latter it was observed to be biramous. The following papers were read .- — 1. " Sketch of tiie Zoology and Botany of the Altai Mountains." By H. J. Elwes, F.E.S., P.L.S. 2. " A Description of some Marine and Freshwater Crustacea from Franz-Josef Laud, collected by Mr. W. S. Bruce, of the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expedition." By Thomas Scott, F.L.S. 6 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE January 19tli, 1899. Mr. William Caeeuthees, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Harold Warren Monington and Oswald Alan Eeade were admitted Fellows of the Society. Mr. H. W. Monckton, P.L.S., exhibifed specimens of Mya arenaria, Linn., from Norway. He and Mr. E. S. Herries (Sec. Geol. Soc.) had found a colony of these molluscs living on a sand- flat at the head of the rjferland Fjord, about 80 miles from the open sea and where the water at the surface is fairly fresh. The great snowfield the Sostedal approaches close to the N.W. side of the fjord, and at a level of ouly 3500 ft. to 4000 ft. above it, where glaciers descend into the vallejs at the head of the fjord to within 4 miles of the mud-flat in question. The shells were for the most part small and thin, and this might be due to the freshness or to the coldness of the water, or both. It was remarkable, however, that Mytilns edulis, living in the same locality, was perfectly normal. The causes contributing to arrestation of growth in the MoUusca gave rise to a discussion, in which the Chairman and Mr. Clement Eeid took part, Mr. Monckton replying. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Caudal Diplospoudyly of Sharks." By Dr. W. G. Eidewood, F.L.S. 2. " New Peridiniacese from the Atlantic." By G. E. M. Murray, F.E.S., F.L.S., and Miss Frances G. Whitting. 3. " On the Structure of Lepidostrohus." By Mr. A. J. Maslen. (Communicated by Dr. D. H. Scott, F.L.S.) February 2nd, 1899. Dr. Albebt C. L. G. Gtothee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Peter Chalmers Mitchell was elected a Fellow of the Society. Mr. E. M. Holmes, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of ScTiimmelia oleifera^ Holmes, a native of Yenezuela, the wood of which yields an essential oil known in commerce as " West Indian Oil of Sandal-wood. ' The plant, hitherto undescribed, was found to belong toa rew genus of Eutaceae and has been named Scliimwelia, after the German expert who distilled the oil, and who, with con- LINNEAlSr SOCIETY OF LONDOT^. 7 siderable difficulty, procured flowering and fruiting specimens of the plant to enable its proper determination. Prof Howes, Sec. L.S., exhibited three living specimens of the Lizard Hatteria, hatched from eggs which had been received from Prof. Dendy, of Canterbury College, Christchurch, New Zealand, •with a view of working out the development of the skeleton. Prof. Howes described the circumstances under which they had been reared, for tlie first time in Europe, and made some obser- vations on the ru])ture of the egg-shell. Further remarks were made by the President. On behalf of Mr. J. Hamilton Leigh, P.L.S., there was exhi- bited an unskinned example of the Wild Cat, FeJis catus, which had been trapped on Jan. 31st in Argyllshii'e, aud forwarded to Ijondon for preservation. It had all the characteristic features cf Felis catus, and was of great size, weighing nearly 11 lbs. The President, in commenting upon the occurrence, expressed rtgret that the rarer Mammalia of Great Britain were daily be- caniug still more rare for want of that protection which might bt accorded to them as well as to Birds. The following papers were read : — 1. '■ On the genus Nanomiirium.'''' By Mr. E. S. Salmon, (tommunicated by J. Gr. Baker, E.R.S., E.L.S.) \ " On the production of Apospory by Environment in Atii/rium Filix-foemina var. unco-glomeratum, an apparently baren Fern." Ey E. AV. Stansfield, M.B. (Communicated by C.lDruery, E.L.S.) 3." Recent Foritidce, and the position of the Family in the Madftporarian System." By H. M. Bernard, M.A., E.L.S. February 16th, 1899. Dr. Abeet C. L. Gr. GtiNTHEE, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The linutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messi. William Bruce Bannerman, Charles Crossland, and the Hor NathaLiel Charles Eothschild were elected Fellows of the Socicy, and Mr. John Storrie was elected an Associate. Mr. Cluent Reid, F.L.S., exhibited some fruits of Najas minor, AUione, ud of Najas graminea, Delile, found during a further examinatai of the interglacial deposits at West Wittering in Sussex. Tajas minor is distributed throughout Europe, except in the noh, and in Britain ; Najas graminea is found in the tropics of he Old World as well as in the Mediterranean Region. In Britainwhere it has been accidentally introduced, it has been found in a anal which receives waste hot water from a factory. 8 PEOCEEDINGS or THE A discussion followed, in which Messrs. Eendle, H. Grroves, and J. C. Melnll took part. Dr. A. B. Eendle, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of aPreshwater Alga {Fithophora) new to Britain, and described its structure; additional remarks being made by Messrs. A. W. Bennett and Clement Eeid. The following papers were read : — 1. "On the genus Lemnalia, Grray ; with an account of the Branching Systems of the Order Alcyonacea." By G. C. Bourne, M.A., F.L.S. 2. " On some African Labiatae with alternate leaves." By Messrs. I. H. Burkill, F.L.S., and C. H. Wright, A.L.S. 3. " Report on the Marine Mollusca obtained during the Pirst Expedition of Prof. A. C. Haddon to the Torres Straits." By Messrs. J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., P.L.S., and Eobert Standen. / March 2nd, 1899. | Dr. Albert C. L. Gr. Gtjjsthee, P.E.S., President, in the Chat. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. H. M. Bernard, P.L.S., showed some microscopic sectiors of the digestiA'e c*ca of Spiders, which had led him to the ciO- clnsion that dig^^stive, assimilatory, and excretory functions /-re all performed by these. In a discussion which followed, the Eev. T. E. E. Stebbing, Mr. A. D. Michael, and Prof. Howes bok part. Mr. J. E. Harting, P.L.S., exhibited a male specimen c the rare King Eider {Somateria speciahilis) which had recentljbeen forwarded in the flesh from Lerwick, and called attention ^o the colours of the soft parts, which diflered materially frcQ the colours represented by Gould in his folio plate of this fi)ecies. After referring to the natural haunts of this Duck in thPalse- arctic and Nearctic regions, he described it as a bird f such rarity in the British Islands that since it was first notiod as a visitor to the coast of Norfolk in 1813 not more than a tore of examples had been met with, the last of which was reptted in Nov. 1890. i The President referred to the statement of Col. Montau, made on the authority of Bullock, that the King Eider had pted in Papa Westra, an observation which had not been confirmed ; and Mr. H. Druee made some remarks on the process of bkching to which the Eider-down of commerce is generally, tbfugh not always, subjected. ' Mr. G. C. Druce, F.L.S., exhibited and made roarks ou specimens of Dianthus gallicus, Pers., from Jersey. LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 9 The following papers were read : — 1. "On the^External Nares of the Cormorant." By "W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S. 2. "On the Fertilization of Glaux maritima, Liun." B7 Edward Step, F.L.S. 3. " On the Irish Carex rhynchopJiysa.''^ By G. C. Druce, r.L.s. March 16th, 1899. Dr. Albert C. L. G. Gunthee, E.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Miautes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Peter Chalmers Mitchell was admitted, and the following were elected Fellows of the Society : — Messrs. Bertram Henry Bentley, Keneth Hurlstoae Jones, Arthur John Maslen, and Henry Prank Tagg. Dr. John Lowe, P.L.S., communicated some observations on the fertilization of Araujia aliens, G. Hon, a Brazilian climber, which in the South ol' England grows in the open air. Last summer it was blooming freely in Lord Ilchester's garden at Abbotsbury, where the flowers were visited by numbers of butter- flies, diurnal motlis, humble-bees, wasps, and large flies, many of which were captured and imprisoned for a tune in the piuching- bodies (Jtlemwkorper of Muller). All tliese insects, with the exception of some humble-bees, in their visits to the nectar left their proboscis behind, and sometimes a leg, being not strong enough to detach the pinching-body. Dr. Lowe described the structure of the pinching-bodies, which are flat horny plates situated, above the nectar-cups, at each angle of a 5-sided hollow cone in the centre of the flower, in which is placed the stigma. There is only a small opening at the apex and a narrow slit at the base of each facet of the cone. To the upper point of the pinching-body the pollinia are attached. When an insect has its proboscis caught in the slit, which narrows always to its point, it can only escape by tearing away the body with its pollen- masses or by leaving its proboscis in the slit. In the former case it carries the pollinia to the next flower it visits, and thus effects cross-fertilization by leaving the pollen-mass between the anther- ■wings, whence it rapidly passes into the cone. He had received a number of flowers of Araujia from Mr. Benbow, the gardener at Abbotsbury, in some of which he found the proboscis of a butterfly or moth in each of the five angles of the cone, showing the great destruction of insect-life caused by the plant. Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., having made a special study of the Asclepiadaceae, gave an account of the manner in which the pollinia reach the stigma ; and some further remarks were made by Mr. A. W. Bennett. lO PEOCEEDINGS OF THE The following papers were read : — 1. "A further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies." By Messrs. W. West, F.L.S., and G. S. West, A.KC.S. _^ ^ , 2. " On so-called ' Quiutocubitalism ' lu the Wing of Birds. By P. Chalmers Mitchell, F.L.S. 3. " Some facts concerning the so-called ' Aquintocubilalism in the Bird's Wing." By W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S. April 6th, 1899. Dr. Albert C. L. Gt. GtiNTHEn, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. William Bruce Bannerman, Charles Crossland, and Arthur John Maslen were admitted; and Messrs. William Harris, Lester Vallis Les-ter, and Eobert Brooks Popham were elected Fellows of the Suciety. In view of the approaching Anniversary Meeting, Mr. Horace W. Monckton and Dr. D. H. Scott were elected Auditors on behalf of the Council, and Mr. Herbert Druce and Prof. J. Eey- nolds Grreen on the part of the Fellows. Dr. 0. Stapf, A.L.S., exhibited specimens oi Stapfia cylindrical Chodat, a freshwater alga discovered by him in a small pond near Hallstadt, Upper Austria, and described by Prof. Chodat of Geneva as a new genus of Tetrasporece. Although not unlike certain species of Tetraspora in outward appearance, it differs from them in the perfectly solid gelatinous structure of the thallus. The cells, which exhibit the essential characters of the cells of PahnellecB, are arranged 1-3 deep in an almost superficial layer on the surface of the colourless matrix ; they eacb possess 2 sheathed cilia, which penetrate the matrix and extend into the surrounding medium. The only modes of reproduction so far known are by two subsequent divisions, rarely by simultaneous division, into four daughter-cells, the grouping of which into tetrads is, however, soon more or less obliterated, and by the formation of hibernating resting-spores. Prof. Chodat suggested that Stapfia cylindrica might be identical with Tetraspora cylindrica, Kiitz., which in that case would have to be quoted as a synonym ; but Dr. Stapf gave reasons for not sharing this view. On this point he was supported by Mr. Gr. Murray, F.E.S., F.L.S., who made some additional remarks. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Car ex Wahlenberyiana." By Charles Baron Clarke, M.A., F.K.S., F.L.S. 2. " On the Discovery and Development of Ehabdites in Cepha- lodiscus." By Mr. F. J. Cole. (Communicated by Prof. (i. B. Howes, Sec. L. Sue.) LISJfEAN SOCIETr OF LOXDOX. II April 20th, 1899. Dr. Albert C. L. G-. Gcxthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Lester Yallis Lester was admitted a Fellow of the Society. Mr, George Murray, F.R.S,, F.L.S., exhibited several slides of new Peridiniacece, and gave some account of the method of col- lection by pumping which had been found most efficacious witb these organisms. A discussion followed, in which Sir John Murray, Mr. C. B. Clarke, and Mr. H. Groves took part. Mr. J. B. Carruthers, F.L.S., communicated some observations on the localized, nature of the parent characters in hybrid fruits of Theobroma Cacao, on which some criticism was offered by the llev. G. Henslow. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Botany of the Ceylon Patanas." By Henry Harold Welch Pearson, B.A. (Communicated by Prof. H. Mar- shall Ward, F.E.S., F.L.S.) 2. " A new List of British and Irish Spiders." By the Eev. O. Pickard Cambridge, M.A., F.E S. (Communicated by Prof. Howes, Sec. L. Soc.) 3. " Imitation as a source of Anomalies." By Prof. E. J. Anderson. M.A., F.L.S. The following is an abstract of Prof Anderson's paper: — Commenting upon the e-tatement made by Professors Krau?e and Testut that muscular anomalies are rare in the lower animals, whilst in man they are very common, the author considered it remarkable that no single instance had been authenticated in recent times of a mammal fairly attempting to utter a human voice-^ound, although this did not apply to birds. He suggested that in the attempt to imitate, the mental act, or volition, if sustained, might favour a change of a moderate nature, and that such a change might be either progressive or retrogressive. He Plight put it thus : — (A) An animal brings its nervous actions into harmony with its surroundings, i. e. sets itself to do what some other creature is doing. (B) The offspring may inherit this disjDosition. (C) The offspring may strike off a muscle-slip to do certain work more efficiently. In the power to imitate, or extemporize, he thought we might have a source of certain anomalies that are often regarded as a proof or sign of reversion. May 4th, 1899. Mr. Albeet D. Michael, F.Z.S., Yice-Presideut, in the Chair. The Miijutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Gtorge Sharp Saunders was elected a Fellow of the Society; 12 PROCEEDIKGS OF THE and the following gentlemen, viz., Monsieur Adrien Pranclaet, Prof. Emil Christian Hansen, Dr. Seiitsiro Ikeno, Prof. Greorg Ossian Sars, and Prof. Eduard von Martens, were elected Foreign Members. Mr. Isaac H. Burkill exhibited specimens of a Daisy {BeJlis perennis) found at Kew in which the ray of the outer florets was ISO nearly absent that these consisted of scarcely more than ovary, naked style, and stigma. Remarks were made by Messrs. T. E. E. Stebbing and A. W. Bennett. The following papers were read : — 1. "The position of Anoinalurus as indicated by its Myology." By F. G. Parsons, F.R.C.S., P.L.S. 2. " On Variation in Desmids." By George S. West. (Com- municated by W. West, P.L.S.) 3. " On Notheia anomala, Harv. et Bail." By Miss Ethel Barton. (Communicated by G. Murray, P.E.S., E.L.S.) May 24th, 1899. Anniversary Meeting. Dr. Albert G. L. G. Gu^s^theb, E.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. The Treasurer presented his Annual Statement of Accounts duly audited, as shown on p. 13. The Secretary read his report of deaths, withdrawals, and elections of new Fellows for the past year, as follows : — Since the last Anniversary Meeting 18 Fellows had died or their deaths had been ascertained : — Sir Douglas Galton. Prof. Henry AUeyne Nicholson. Mr. Eugene Fred. Augustus Obach. Mr. Charles Nathaniel Peal. Sir William Eoberts. Mr. Thomas Rogers. Mr. Osbert Salvin. Mr. John Van Voorst. Sir Thomas Dyke Acland. Dr. J. E. Tierney Aitchison. Prof. George James Allman. The Hon. David Arnot. Mr. Saml. Denton Bairstow. Mr. William Borrer.. Mr. Charles James Breese. Mr. John Buclxanan. Eev. William Colenso. Eev. William Davies. Foreign Members, 5. Prof. Teodoro Caruel. Prof. Carl Clans. Prof. Ferdinand Julius Cohn. Prof. Johan Lange. Dr. Charles Naudin* LIXXEAN SOCIETT OF LONDOX. 13 r^ _J — , u. _; «; c^ t- c o , , C^ O O Tt" CO -M -^ 3 — ■ X: C-' z: C^ I 1 1.- rt o rs I --I r-. C'l ^ ^ -S c. 5»^ h=-0 O lO (MOO 050 00 fcX) 5 ? S 2 >. S .S tn -3 3) . ^ 1—1 rH S 5" 5 ■^ .-5 =h=;q "i W >i 0 £t3 - SP 2 S .5^2 3 5 - - i« ■« ^"- 5 ? c -p; — '"' ^ a LI a r- d Cq 00* O C5 O ■* O , -.r o 'T in ir; ■^t^ T — ^ n -M CI ^1 r- ir: ~i 00 lO — tH Oi ci ^ ^ pq S ■^3 ft^ •*^ aa -— . .2 .= B ►^ ^ S -^- r: C5 o O rj ~ :0 — 1 X lO 00 in r: c; -^ -fi :^ t ^ X CO t- (§).§) ® §) §) •^ e<3 o O 00 t--Ci o O -35 ■^ r-H o •£ <*i o C5 X. o ._ "3 ~ 5 CI o & o - o lO i2i O H r- pg 2^ ■".so <3 «H 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE The follouing Fellows have resigned, viz Mr. Thomas Butler Cato. Prof. Josepli Price Eemington. Mr. Thomas William Shore. Mr. Walter Smyth. 5 Fellows have been removed from the Society's List bv order of the Council ; and 18 Fellows, 1 Associate, and 5 Foreign Members have been elected. The Librarian's Eeport was read as follows : — " During the past year there had been received as Donations from Private Individuals 47 Volumes and 150 Pamphlets. "From the various Universities, Academies, and Scientific Societies there had been received in Exchange and otherwise 145 volumes and 94 detached pirts, besides 65 volumes and 33 parts obtained by exchange from the Editors and Proprietors of inde- pendent Periodicals. "The Council at the recommendation of the Library Committee had sanctioned the purchase of 190 volumes and lOti parts of important works. " The total additions to the Library were therefore 447 volumes and 383 separate parts. "The number of books bound during the year was as follows: — In half-morocco 418 volumes, in half-caU' 4 volumes, in full- cloth 180 volumes, in vellum 21 volumes, in buckram 21 volume^ in boards or half-cloth 28 volumes, relabelled (half-morocco and cloth backs) 60 volumes. Total 732 volumes." The Secretary having read the Bye-Laws governing the elections, The President opened the busine-ss of the day, and the Fellows present proceeded to vote for the Council and Officers. The Ballot for the Council having been closed, the President appointed Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, Dr. Eobert Braithwaite, and Col. R. H. Beddome, Scrutineers ; and the votes having been counted and reported to the President, he declared the following members to be removed from the Council, viz. :— Mr. Charles Alfred Barber, Mr. William Carruthers, Mr. W. B. Hemsley, Prof. W, A. Herdman, and Dr. Dukinfield H. Scott, and the following gentlemen to be elected in their stead, viz. : — Mr. Frank Darwin, Prof. J. B. Farmer, Mr. F. DuCane Godman, Mr. Henry Grroves, and Dr. A. B. Eendle. The Ballot for the Officers having been closed, the President appointed Dr. John Meiklejohn, Mr. Alfred William Bennett, and Mr. Edmund G. Baker, Scrutineers ; and the votes having been counted and reported to him, he declared the result as follows : — President. Dr. Albert C. L. G. Giinther. Treasurer, Mr. Frank Crisp. Secretaries J ^^- B- Day don Jackson. [ Prot. George Bond Howes. The President then delivered his Address. LINNEAK SOCIETY OF LOSDOX. 15 The President's ANHiTEHSARr Address. The appearance in the last volumes of the E. Swedish Academy of Sciences of ttvo papers * descriptive of such Linnean type-specimens of Birds, Amj^hibians and Fishes as are still preserved in the Zoological Museums of Upsala and Stockholm, has reminded me that the Linnean Society possesses also a number of Fishes from Linne's private collection, many of which have served as types or cotypes for the species enumerated in the ' Systema Naturte,' and "which have never been catalogued. It is many years ago since my attention was first drawn to the existence of this collection by that devoted servant of the Society, Richard Kippist ; unfortunately too late to allow me to make due i;se of it for my ' Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum,' which at that time (1862) had been advanced to the fourth volume. I was, however, able to identify some of Linne's Pleuronectidag. There the matter rested, until the year of the International Fisheries Exhibition, when the late Mr. Brown Goode and Dr. Bean came to London in charge of the American exhibits. I called their attention to the Linnean specimens, many of which, being of American origin, had a particular interest to American ichthyo- logists. The intimate acquaintance of those two gentlemen with the fishes of their own country led to a number of important identifications, which they published in the ' Proceedings of the United States National Museum,' vol. viii. 1886, pp. 193-203. But this paper included only a part of the American specimens ; and, besides, it seemed to me desirable to record such particulars about the condition, history, label of each individual specimen, as to place its identity, as far as possible, beyond any doubt for the benefit of future inquirers. I therefore devoted some portion of last year to a critical study of the collection, and to the preparation of a complete Catalogue, ■which I have the pleasure of offering to you for our ' Proceedings.' Of course, I spare you the reading of this Catalogue, but if you will permit me I will offer some general remarks on the collection. The collection consists now entirely of dried half-skins of fiih either loose or mounted on folio sheets of paper ; many have been * " Linnean Type specimens cf Birds, Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes in the Zoologiciil Museum of the R. University in Upsala, revised by Dr. Einar Lonnberg." Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. xxii. no. 1. " Catalogue of Linnean Tjpe-speciinens of Snakes in the E.. Museum in Stockholm." By Lars Gabriel Andersson. Ibid. Bd. xxiv. no. 6. l6 PEOCEEDISGS OF TUE fixed on cardboards, but this was done at a comparatively recent period. This method of preserving fish, like specimens of a hortus siccus, seems to have been first emploj-ed by Johann Friederich Gronow *, who described it in the ' Philosophical Transactions,' and whose collection of similarly prepared skins is still preserved in the Natural History Museum. "We are informed by Sir J. E. Smith himself f that Linne's private collection contained, at the time of its purchase, 158 speci- mens of dried fish-skins, beside some in spirits. These latter were not kept by Smith ; perhaps he did not sufficiently care for them to have them sent over from Sweden with the other parts of the collection. I make the number of specimens at present in the Society's possession to be rather liigher, viz., 168 ; the discrepancy being probably due to the circumstance that when two small specimens of the same species were mounted on the same sheet of paper they were counted as one by the person who prepared the original inventory. At any rate there is no evidence which might lead us to suspect that any of the specimens have been lost since they came into the possession of the Society. The collection was kept for a great many years in one of Linne's own cabinets, which, however well it may have answered its purpose in the pure air of Linne's residence, is quite unsuitable in the dust-laden atmosphere of Piccadilly ; and the wonder to me is, how little the specimens have suffered under the accumulation of matter in the wrong place. In order to render them more secure in the future, your Council has ordered them to be transferred to dust-proof glass-topped boxes, in which they are so arranged that, with the aid of my Catalogue, every specimen can be found without difficulty. In looking over the specimens, one is at once struck by the fact that the sources whence Linne obtained his fishes were but few in number, and, therefore, that his private collection represents only a fraction of the materials upon which his work on the fishes in the 'Systema Naturae' is based. His own specimens belonged to three faunae only, and form, in fact, three distinct sets, viz. : — 1. Scandinavian species. 2. A series of German, chiefly freshwater, fishes. 3. The fishes collected for him by Dr. Alexander Garden in South Carolina. The Scandinavian series consists of 49 specimens, referable to 28 species. As all of them belong to well-known North European species which had been previously well distinguished, characterized, and described by Artedi and Gronow, no special value is attached to them. With few exceptions they were in Linne's possession in * " A method of preparing specimens of Fish by drying their skins as practised by John Frederick Gi-onovius M.D. at Leyden." Philos. Trana. vol. xlii. 1744, p. 67. t Meui. and Corresp. of the late Sir J. E. Smith, vol. i. p. 114. LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. l^ the time intervening between the publication of Artedi's * Ichthyo- logia ' (1738) and the tenth edition of the ' Systema JSTatura ' (1758), as it proved by his annotations which accompany the specimens, but there is no evidence to show that he used them in preparing the specific diagnoses. For this work he relied chiefly on previous publications (his own and those of others), and it is a matter of rare occurrence that the actual fin-formula of the specimen in his collection agrees exactly with that given in the ' Systema.' Therefore these Scandinavian specimens cannot be claimed as types in the modern sense of the word, the less so as the species are such common forms that Linne must have had many other specimens of the same kinds at his disposal. Also the second series, that of the German fishes, may be passed over in a few words. It comprises 32 specimens referable to 22 species. The specimens are neatly mounted in a uniform fashion ; the cardboards have a black line round the edges, and the name of each fish is surrounded by an ornamental scroll. I have not been able to discover the name of the correspondent from whom Linne received these fishes. It would appear from the faunistic character of the collection that it was made somewhere near the Korthern coast of Germany. It was sent to Linne after the publication of the twelfth edition, the sender having attempted to name the fishes according to the Linnean system — an endeavour in which he was only partially successful. And Linne himself, in revising his correspondent's identifications, fell into some curious errors, showing that the discrimination of the species of Cijprinus was to him in after years as much a matter of perplexity as when he wrote the Fishes for the 12th edition. All the remaining specimens belong to species which are found on the coast and in the freshwaters of South Carolina. And although of some of them every mark indicating their origin has been lost or obliterated, there is satisfactory circumstantial evidence that all (or almost all) were collected for Linne by Dr. Alexander Garden, a Scotch x)hysician, who resided in Charlestown for nearly 30 years, and with whose name Botany is even more familiar than Zoology. From Sir James E. Smith's ' Selection of the Correspond- ence of Linnaeus' (vol. i. 1821) we can gather much information as to the friendly intercourse between Garden and Linne ; but unfortunately, as far as Garden's collection of fishes is concerned, this information is very fragmentary. Smith published only a selection from Garden's letters ; and, moreover, the full lists, notes, and descriptions which Garden had sent to Linne with the specimens were not reproduced. It is a singular circumstance, and one which, I believe, has not been noticed before, that none of Garden's letters, not even the originals of those which must have been in Smith's possession when he published them, seem to have been transferred to the Society ; and I have not been able to ascertain what has become of them. LINN. SOC. PEOCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1898-99. C l8 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Garden had been an earnest student of the Flora of !N'orth America, and his first communications with Linne (in the year 3 758) referred to botanical subjects onh% but from the year 1760, that is two years after the appearance of the 10th edition of the ' System?,' by Linne's special desire, he commenced to collect for his illustrious frieud the Reptiles, Insects, and, particularly, the Fishes of South Carolina *. Garden was not a merely mechanical collector ; he closely examined the specimens before he sent them off, determined the genus with the aid of the tenth edition, drew np technical descriptions and collected all information which he thought might be useful to Linne. Linne frequently made use of these notes, even so far as to draw from them specific characters. Thus, when he distinguished and named a Sargus argyrops and a Sargus clirysops, he evidently relied upon Garden's notes, in wliich one was described with a silvery, and the other with a golden iris of the eye. On the other hand, Linne did not make the fullest possible use of Garden's collection, as he took no notice of several well-marked species to which Garden had specially directed his attention. It is difficult to account for their omission from the ' Systema,' but no doubt we should find a sufilcient explanation if Linne's replies to Garden ever should come to light. In the letters published by Smith we find distinct evidence of four consignments of fishes made by Garden in the years from 1760 to 1771, besides some smaller ones, of which oue or more never reached their destination. I have endeavoured to allocate our specimens to the several consignments, as it is of some interest, or even importance, to discriminate between specimens which came into Linne's possession before or after the completion of the twelfth edition of the ' Systema.' In that edition Garden's specimens are mentioned under no less than forty species, either as types or as what may be called cotypes ; these, of course, are the really important part of the collection ; and it is satisfactory to find that of them all but three are still preserved. The missing are Tetrodon la'vigatus, which may have been a spirit-specimen, and Balistes Tiispidus and Argentina carolma, to which I shall refer later on. The first of the four collections which Linne received from Garden was sent to him in 1760. We do not know the extent of this consignment ; no list, not even the correspondence referring to it, seems to have been preserved. The only documentary evidence of it is found in Garden's letter of 1761 (see Corr. Linn. i. p. 306), in which he says : " I have sent you the skins Mnth a slip of paper to each, bearing the numbers and vernacular names, as last year." Thus the discrimination of the specimens belonging to this consignment is quite conjectural, and is based chiefly on the iact that Linne's treatment of these specimens was diff'erent from that of later consignments. He unfortunately removed Garden's original tickets, pasted the specimens on folio sheets of paper of * Corresp. Linn. i. p. 300. lIIOfEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1 9 uniform size and texture, and labelled them with the generic name in capital letters at the top ut' the sheet, and with the name of the species at the bottom. Only exceptionally did he take the same trouble with specimens of subsequent consignments. Besides, the specimens thus mounted are such as cannot be assigned to the later lots. I can refer only 9 specimens to this first collection with some degree of certainty ; five are types. ^luch more important was the second collection, transmitted in 17G1. Although the complete list of tlie specimens is also losr, Garden's letter of April 12, 1761 (Corresp. Linn. i. p. 303), con- tains notes by which we are enabled to recognize many of them. Another great help in their identification we have in Garden's original labels, which Linne did not remove, as he had done in the first collection ; they consist of a broad strip of paper wound round the tail of the fishes, on which Garden wrote the number of the specimen, the name of the Liunean genus, and the vernacular name. Frequently he repeated the number on the body of the fish, whilst Linne used also the label for adding the specific name given by himself. This consignment consisted of at least 50 specimens, under 43 numbers, of which I have identified 33, among them some 29 types and cotypes. Among the missiug specimens are two important types (nos. 17 and 'lb), which seem to have been lost after the collection came into Smith's possession, since he himself recognized in them the types of Anjeatina Carolina and Balistes hispidas (Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306). The information which we have about the thlixl consignment, made by Garden in the year 1763, is contained in his letter of June 2 (Corresp. Linn. i. p. 309). The specimens were prepared, labelled and described by him very much in the same manner as those of the preceding collection. In that letter 27 numbers are mentioned, but of some of the species Garden communicated to Linne notes onlj-, as he found Sharks, Dogfishes, etc. too bulky to be conveniently enclosed in his parcels. I have identified twelve of these numbers, ten of them being types of Linnaean species. Xone of the missing numbers were types, so that on the whole this consignment proved to be comparatively as important as the one of 1761, and its scientific value has not been diminished by the loss of the missing specimens. The fourth and, as far as we know, last consignment of fishes reached Linne in 1771. Garden had despatched one of his servants to the Bahamas for the purpose of making collections for Linne', but the greater portion of the specimens were destroyed on the collector's return journey. In his letter of June 20th, Garden enumerates only 14 fishes, of which I have been able to identify 10. As these fishes reached Linne several years after the publi- cation of the 12th edition, and are not referred to in any of his works, they do not possess the same historical value as those previously received. Finally, there remain some thirteen specimens about which the c2 20 PEOCEEDINaS OF THE information is so incomplete, that we cannot assign them to any of the coUectious mentioned in Garden's published letters : of a few of them it is even uncertain whether Linne received them from his Charlestown correspondent or from some other source. This is the more to be regretted as five or six of them are either types, or, at any rate, require consideration in the history of the species to which they belong. Possibly more light will be thrown upon them when, as I trust, the missing part of Garden's letters is dis- covered. Of Linne's replies to Garden we know nothing; on his return to England, Garden may have brought the letters with him, or he may have left them in America in the custody of his son, who conformed to the constitution of the new American Govern- ment and remained in South Carolina. Thus the chances of their recovery, if they be still in existence, are very remote indeed ; but if by some good fortune these remarks should come under the notice of some one possessing information which might lead to the discovery of the missing portion of the Garden correspondence, I should consider you amply repaid for the patient attention which you have kindly given to this Address. Complete Catalogue of Linne's Private Collection of Fishes, NOW IN possession OF THE LiNNEAN SoCIETT. I. SCANDINAVIAN SERIES. (1) Perca fluviatilis, L. Skin, 5^ in. long, named by Linne. (2) Acerina cernua, L. Skin, 4| in. long, named by Linne Perca cernua, L. (3) MuUus barbatus, L. Skin, 9 in. long, named by Linne Mullus harhatus ; referring to Artedi on back of sheet, " Trigla capite glabro, cirrhis geminis in maxilla inferiore. Art. gen. 43. syn. 71." (4, 5) Caranx trachurus, L. Head, end of lateral line, and ventral fin, named by Linne " Trachurus." Skin, 10 in. long, named by Linne " Tracliurus " ; and on back of sheet : " Scomber linca lateral! serrata. Arted.'"' " Desir. in epist. Gronov." LIKNTIAN SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 21 (6) Zeus faber, L. Skill, 7 in. long, in bad condition ; on back of sheet in Linne's handwriting, " Zeus ventre aculeato, cauda in extremo circinnata. Art. gen. 50. syn. 78." (7-10) Trachinus draco, L. Skin, 12 in. long, in bad condition, named in Linne's hand- writing " Tracliiaus draco. Fierssing." Skin, 12 in. long, with separate pectoral and ventral fins and branchiostegals, labelled by Linne " Trachinus." Skin, 12 in. long, and head of another specimen, without any marking. (11-16) Trachinus vipera, C. Y. Two skins, 3| and 4| in. long, with head and fins ot a third specimen ; on back of sheet in Linne's handwriting, " Trachinus minoris species, Gron.*' Two skins, 2^ and 2| in. long, with head and fins of a third specimen ; on back of sheet in Linne's handwriting, " Trachinus minor albescens, Gron." Singularly Linne did not recognize this species, although his attention had been drawn to it both by Artedi and Gronow. (17) Cottus scorpius, L. Skin, 6| in. long, much damaged, and a separate pectoral fin, named by Linne Cott. scorpius. Referred to by Goode and Bean, Proc. U.S. jS^at. Mus. viii. p. 196. (18) Trigla gnrnardus, L. Skin, 9 in. long, in good condition, with separate pectoral fin and branchiostegals, named by Linne Tr. Gurnardus. (19, 20) Trigla CUCUlus, B1. = T. rjurnardus. Two skins, 7 in. long, with separate pectoral fins and branchiostegals, not named, but on back of sheet in Linne's handwriting " Trigla minor, Gron." (21-23) Trigla hirundo, L. Skin, II5 in. long, in bad state, with separate pectoral fin and branchiostegals, not named, but on back of sheet Linne wrote : " Triglae facie piscis radiis membr. branchiost. utrinque septem. Gronov." Two skins, 6| and 7| in. long, in bad state, named by Linne " Trigla Hirundo^' : on back of sheet he wrote : "Trigla rostro parum bifido, linea laterali ad caudam bifurca. Art. syn. 73." (24) Agonus cataphr actus, L. Skin, 4 1 in. long, with pectoral and ventral fins separate, named by Linne " catajjhractus." 2 2 PEOCEEDITfGS OF THE (25) Cyclopterus lumpus, L. Skin, 13 in. long, in bad state; not named. (26, 27) Liparis liparis, L. Two skins, 2| and 3 in. long, indifferent!}' preserved ; named in Linne's handwriting Cyclopterus llpparls. (28) Zoarces viviparus, L. Skin, 65 in. long, named by Linne " Blenn. viviparus." (29-33) Grasterosteus aculeatus, L. Three skins, 1^ to 2 in. long, named by Linne " G. acu- leatvsJ' Two skins, 1| in. long, pasted on a sheet with two other Sticklebacks (G. pungitius), the whole named by Linne "^3?»^r/^i??fs." Note. — These five specimens belong to the forms gymmirus and semiarmatiis. (34, 35) Gasterosteus pungitius, L. Two skins, 1 ^ in. long (together with two G. aculeatus), named by Linne " puvgitius." (36) Gadus callarias, L. Skin, 8| in. long, not in good state, named by Linne " Gad. ■Callarias. Sma-Torsk." (37, 38) Lota lota, L. Skin, ]0 in. long, not in good state, labelled by Linne "Lake." Skin, 6| in. long, in bad state. Linne wrote on the back of the sheet: " ? Phycis, Art. gen. App. 84. Habitat in Aqua dulci." (39) Phycis phycis, L. Skin, 4| in. long, not in good state, without any mark or label. = Blennius phycis, L., or Phycis mediterraneus, De la R. (40) Motella mustela, L. Skin, 8 in. long, with separate pectoral fin ; sheet labelled by Linne "Gadus ? ^Yhistlefish. Willugb. 121." (41) Ammodytes tohiamis, L. Skin in bad state, 6| in. long, named by Linne ^'■Ammodytes." (42, 43) Rhombus maximus, L. Skin, 9 in. long, named by Linne Pleur. maximus, L. On the reverse in unknown handwriting " Stein-but aus der Ost See. 12." Skin, 5 in. long, named (in error) by Linne " rhombus " ; the specimen is still without tubercles, but the fiu-formula : D. 60, LIXNE-O' SOCIETr OF LOXDOy. 23 A. 43 (as counted and marked by Linne himself), shows that the fish is a young Tuibot, and not a Brill. (44) Leuciscus rutilus, L. Skin, 65 in. long, not named; on back of paper reference to Artedi. (45) Osmerus eparlanus, L. Skin, 5 in, long, damaged by dermestes ; Linne wrote on back of sheet reference to Artedi, gen. 10. syn. 21. spec, 45. (46, 47) Clupea sprattus, L. Two skins, 4| in. long, in bad state ; marked by Linne on back of sheet " Spratti.'' (48) Clupsa alosa, L, Skin, 7| in. long, not in good state. Linne wrote on the back of the sheet : Pinna axi ossiculis 24, hinc diversa Clypea maxilla int'eriore lougiore, maculis nigris carens. Art. cui in reliquis omnibus simillima. CI. A. Alosa."" Linne does not refer in the ' Systema ' to a specimen with 24 anal rays. (49) Siphonostoma typUe, L. Skin, 15^ in. long, well preserved ; named in unknown hand. D. ^9. II. GERMAN SERIES. The names of this list are those used by Linne's Correspondent, or by Linne himself, "When the species has been misnamed, the corrected name is placed within brackets, (50, 51) Perca fluviatilis. (52, 53) Perca cernua, Stur-Barsch, (54) Gadus lota, (55) Pleuronectes platessc*. Biitte, (56) Cypriaus carassius, (57) [Gobio fluviatilis] misnamed Cobitis harhatula. (58) [Gobio fluviatilis] misnamed Cobitis, and in Linne's hand- writing Cyjirinus phoxinus. (59) [Leuciscus rutilus] named " Cyprinus grieslacjine, L, Roth- auge," (60) [Leuciscus rutilus] named " Ciiprinus grieslacjine, L, mas dum prurit." 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE (61) [Leuciscus rutilus] named " Germanis Fache," in Linne's handwriting " idharus? " (62) Cyprinus " cephalus " in Linne's handwriting. (63) [Leuciscus leuciscus], Cyprinus " dohula " in Linne's hand- writing. (64) Cyprinus leuciscus. (65, 66) [Leuciscus erythrophthalmus] misnamed Cyprinus rutilus. (67, 68) Cyprinus phoxinus. (69) Cyprinus tinea. (70) [Rhodeus amarus] Cyprimis apliya, L. Bitterling. (71) [Ahramis vimba] misnamed Cyprinus nasus. (72) [Abramis blicca] misnamed Cyprinus idlarus, L. Fache. (73) Cobitis fossilis, named by Linne. (74) Cobitis barbatula, named by Linne. (75, 76) Esox lucius. (77, 78) [Salmo fario], Sahno trutta, L. Forelle. (79) Salmo tymallus. (80) Muraena anguilla. (81) Petromyzon branchialis. III. GARDEN'S SOUTH CAROLINA COLLECTIONS. A. Consignment of 1760. (Linnean name.) (Modem name.) Labrus auritus (type). Pomotis auritus. (82) Skin, 7 in. long, in good condition, but without any marks. Labelled by Linne LABMLS auritus. Under this name Linne included also specimens ol' iojjiot/s j5Mi;ctoii(s (see nos. i^5-97, 159, 160). Zeus gallus. Argyriosus vomer. (83) Skin, 4g in. long, injured ; mark on the specimen very indistinct, perhaps no. 1. Labelled by Linne ZEVS GaUus ; referred to by Goode & Bean, Proc. U.S. JS'at. Mus. viii. p. 196, Zeus vomer, L., and Zeus gallus, L., are in my opinion the same fish. LINXEAJf SOCTETT OF LONDON. 25 (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Teuthis hepatus. Acanthurus cMmrgus. (84) Skin, 11 in. long', well preserved, but without any mark. Labelled by Linne TEUTHIS Hepatus. No reference in Garden's letters can be applied to this specimen. Goode & Bean (p. 205) speak of it as a " type," but Linne does not refer to it in the ' Syst. Nat.,' his references applying partly to an Atlantic, partly to an Indian species. Gasterosteus canadus (type). Elacate Canada. (85) Skin, 15^ in. long, in bad condition. Garden's label : " No. 7 " ; and in Linne's handwriting " Gas- terosts." lleferred to by Goode & Bean, p. 203. Cyprinus americanus (types). Abramis americanus. (86, 87) Two skins, 5 and 7 in. long, in good condition, without markings. Labelled by Linne CYPRIJSUS americanus. Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 206. Clupea thrissa. Chatoessus cepedianus. (88, 89) Two skins, 5| and 8^ in. long, without marks. Labelled by Linne CLUPEA Thrissa. There is no doubt that these specimens are mentioned by Linne in the 12th edition under Clvpi'U thrissa, with which species he confounded them, as shown by Goode & Beau, p. 206. Elops saurus (type). Elops saurus. (90) Skin, 22 in. long, divided into two halves, without mark. Labelled by Linne ELOPS saurus. Mentioned by Goode & Bean, p. 205. B. Consignment of 1761. Perca atraria (type). Centropristis atrarius. (91) Skin, 9| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label: No. 14. Perca marina, Nostrat. Black- fish. Mentioned in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306. Referred to by Goodo & Bean, p. 202. Singularly Linne has given an erroneous fin-formula. Jordan & Evermann adopt for this fish a name used by Linne in the 10th edition, viz. Lahrus striMus. Perca formosa (type). Centropristis formosus. (CentrojJristis radians, Q. G.) (92) Skin, 8 in. long, in bad condition. Garden's label : " No. 3. Pei'ca sp. Nostrat. Squirrel-fish," to which Linne has added on the reverse of the label '■'Perca formosa." 26 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Mark on the specimen bj' Garden " No. 3. Perca." Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 203, under the erroneons number 35. Linue's Perca formosa is based : — 1. Partly on Catesby's figure, which he quotes (tab. 6) and which represents a well-known species of Hcemulon ; part of Linne's description, " P. dorsalis anterior abbreviata versus posteriorem," can apply to this fish only. 2. Partly on the specimen sent by Garden, and which is a Centropristis. For which of these two fishes should the name formosa be retained ? As Dr. Jordan seems to have been the first to point out the composition of this Linnean species (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1883, p. 600), I think that he should be followed in leaving the name to the Squirrel-fish of South Carolina. (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Perca philadelphica. Centropristis trifurcus. (93) Skin, 6 in. long. cfr. Garden's label : No. 2. Perca sp. Nostrat. : b. a Chub. 156. Mark on the specimen by Garden, " No. 2. Perca." Keferred to by Goode & Bean, p. 202. This is the specimen from which the notes in the 12th edit, were taken, but it is not the type of P. philadelphica of the 10th edit., as no specimen had reached Linne from Garden at the time of the publication of that edition. Micropterus salmonoides. i^Huro nigricans.) (94) Skin, 12| in. long, in good condition. cfr. Garden's label : No. 40. Labrus. Nostratibus Freshwater 158. Trout. Mentioned in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 208. Not admitted by Linn, in Syst. Nat. Labrus auritns (cotype). Pomotis auritus. (95) Skin, 7 in. long, rather damaged. Garden's label : No. 41. Labrus. Nostrat. Eed-bellied Perch. Erroneously referred to by Goode & Beau as " No. 11. Garden," p. 200. Labrus auritus (cotype). Pomotis punctatus. (96) Skin, 6 in. long, in good condition. cfr. Garden's label : No. 42. Labrus. Nostrat. Speckled Perch. loJ, ibU. rpjjg presence of a more or less rudimentary supplemental maxillary bone is regarded by American authors as a sufficient ground for maintaining a genus Apomotis as distinct from Pomotis. Mr, Boulenger refers to this genus Bryttus punctatus LIXNEAX SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 27 (C. v.), and is followed in this by Jordan & Everraann (Fisli. N. Amer. i. p. 997). I cannot find a trace of that bone in five specimens. Linne considered this and the following specimen to be specifically identical with P. auritus. (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Labrus auritus (cotype). Pomotis punctatus. (97) Skin, 9 in. long, much broken and mutilated. Garden's label : Xo. 43. Perca. Nostrat. Freshwater Bream. Determined by Goode & Bean as " Copper-nosed Bream," p. 200. Perca chrysoptera (types). Orthopristis chrysopterus. (98) Skin, 12| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 8. Perca mar sp. Xostratib. Sailor's choice. (99) Skin, 8J in. long, in good condition ; labelled by Garden ou specimen : No. 8. Perca marina. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 202. Chaetodon triostegus. Ephippus faber. (100) Skin, 8| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 22. Chsetodon. Nostrat. Angel-fish. Mentioned by Linne under, and confounded by him with, Chcetodon triostegus of the 12th edit. : an error recognized by himself, as explained by Goode & Bean, p. 128, and subse- quently rectified by Cuvier & Valenciennes, vii. p. 113. Sargus ovis. (101) Skin, 5 in. long, much injured. Garden's label : Sparus species. Nostrat. Sheeps-head. Not admitted in S^•st. Nat, Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 208. Sparus rhomboides (types), Sargus rhomboides. (102) Skin, 7 in. long, in good condition, marked on the specimen cfr. by Garden "Sparus no. 5, Cat. 2. t. 4." * 161. Garden's label: No. 5. Spari sp, Nostrat. Saltwater Bream. (103) Skin, 8| in. long, in good condition, marked on the specimen by Garden, " No, 9. Sparus." Garden's label : No. 9. Sparus. Sparus chrysops (type), Sargus chrysops. (104) Skin, 8| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 6. Spari sp. Nostrat. Porgee. Linne wrote on the reverse of Garden's label " Sparus cJirysops." Beferred to by Goode & Bean, p. 198, * Garden's reference to Catefeby. 28 PROCEEDINGS OP THE (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Sparus argyrops (type), Sargus chrysops. (105) Skin, 8| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 7. Nostrat. Porgee. Spari sp. Linne wrote on the reverse of Garden's label " Sparus air/i/rops." Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 198. Sp. chrysops and Sp. aryijrops are the same fish, and probably my Sargus amhassis. Perca ocellata (type). Scisena ocellata. (106) Skin, 15^ in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 39. Perca Cauda ocellata. Nostrat. The Bass. Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 202. (107) A second skin, of the same size and very similar to the former, is without any mark. It is impossible to say whether the two skins were sent at the same time, or whether the second belongs to a later consignment. Perca punctatus, SciaBna chrysura. Ed. xii. p. 482 (type). (108-9) Two skins, 6 in. long, in good condition, marked on the body "No. 12. Perca." Garden's label : No. 12. Perca. Nostrat. Yellow-Tails. Referred to in Corr. Linn. i. p. 306 ; and by Goode & Bean, p. 201. Not to be confounded with Perca punctata, L., ed. xii. p. 485. Scisena lanceolata. (110) Skin, 6| in. long, in good condition, marked on body as on label. Garden's label : No. 13. Nostr. — Perca. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 208. Not specially mentioned by Linne, who probably considered it identical with the preceding specimens {Scur.na chrysura). This specimen shows very distinctly the lower, downwards directed prfeopercular spine, on which the subgenus Zesfidium is based. StelUfer (Zesiidium) illecebrosus of Gilbert, Jordan & Evermann seems to be specifically identical with Scicena lanceolata. Perca alburnus (type). Umbrina alburnus. (111) Skin, 11 in. long, in good condition, marked on body "No. 30." Garden's label : No. 30. Cyprinus. Nostrat. Whiting. Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 202. LINNEAN SOCIET? OF LONDO??". 29 (Linnean name.) (Modern name ) Perca undulata (type). Micropogon undulatus. (112) Skin, 10 in. long, in good condition. Garden's label: No. 10, Perca. Nostrat. Croker. Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 202, with the erroneous number " No. 8." (113) A second skin, 10| in. long, with injured tail, is labelled on the abdomen by Garden '• No. 10. Cat. 2. t. 3. f. 1," which is a correct reference to Catesby. This specimen may have been sent with the first, or ou a later occasion. Trichiurus lepturus. Trichiurus lepturus. (114) Skin, 30 in. long, much damaged. Garden's label : No. 1. Trichiurus. Nostratib. Snakefish. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 195. (115) Head, 8 in. long, of a very large specimen, without label or mark, probably sent with the first specimen. Gastrosteus saltatrix (cotype). Temnodon saltator. (116) Head and fragments of skin. cfr. Garden's label : No. 31. Saltatrix. Skipjack, 135. The specimen was already in this condition when Linne received it, as we may infer from Garden's letter in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 312 ; by a lapsus he mentions there this specimen as " No. 33 of my last parcel," and he seems to have forgotten that he saved these fragments from the ravages by " vermin." Echeneis naucrates. Echeneis naucrates, (117-18) Two skins, 14 and 13 in, long, in good condition. Gardens label : No. 32. Echeneis. Nostrat. Sucking Fish. Not mentioned by Linne, who in the ' Systema ' limits the range of the species to " Pelagus indicus." Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 195. Gadus tau (types). Batrachus tau. (119-20) Two skins, 5 and 6| in. long, not well preserved. Garden's label : No. 16. Nov. Gen. Nostrat. Toad Fish. Referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 305 (see also p. 314). Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 195. Trigla evolans (type). Prionotus evolans. (121) Skin, 4| in. long, tolerably well preserved. Garden's mark on the specimen : No. 21. Label round the tail in Linne's handwriting : Trigla evolans. Described by Goode & Bean, p. 204. Pleuronectes dentatus (type). Pseudorhombus dentatus. (122) Skin, 11 in. long, well preserved. Garden's label : No. 28. Pleuronectes. Plaice. Identified by GUnther, iv. p. 425. 30 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Pleuronectes lineatus (tj-pe). Solea liaeata. (Ed. sii.) (123) Skin, 6| in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 26. Pleuronectes. Nostratib. Sole. On the reverse of label in Linne's handwriting : " lineatus." Identified by Giinther, iv. p. 476. In the tenth edition Linne described first this Sole as Fl. lineatus after Brown & Sloane ; so that Garden's spe- cimen cannot be regarded as the type of the species, as it appeared in that edition. When he gives 45 as the number of anal rays, he seems to have included the ventral rays ; the specimen has 40 anal rays only. In the 10th edition the sjiecies is correctly placed among those which have the eyes on the right side, but by some inadvertence he transferred it in the 12th edition to the left-eyed species. Pleuronectes plagiusa (type). Aphoristia ornata. (124) Skin, 5 in. long, not in good condition. Garden's label : No. 27. Plagusia. On the reverse of this label in Linne's handwriting : ^' Pleuron. Plar/iiisa." Eeferred to in Linn. Corr. i. p. 306, but not p. 314 (as sup- posed by Goode & Bean) ; the fish referred to by Garden in his consignment of June 2, 1763, must have been a very different kind of fish quite unknown to him, while he was well acquainted with Aplioristia, which he sent under the name of Taper-Flounder. The scales of the specimen are partly rubbed off", but I count about 90 transverse series, and not 77 as given by Goode and Bean, Singularly, Linne places this fish among the right- eyed species — an error by which I was misled into supposing that the specimen might be a species of Aj^ioniclithys (Glinth. iv, p. 490), Silurus felis (type). iElurichthys felis. {JElnrichthys marinus, Mitch.) (125) Skin, 13 in. long, damaged by dermestes. Garden's label: No. 19. Silurus. Nostratib, Cat Fish, The same number written by Garden on the specimen. On the reverse of this label in Linne's handwriting : " S. felis." Keferred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306, where the number is misprinted 10 for 19. lleferred to by Goode & Bean (p. 205), who, however, identify the specimen with a species of Arius (milberli) — an error perpetuated in subsequent American publications. Clupea vernalis. (126) Skin, 9g in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 4. Clupea. LINNEA'N' SOCIETY OF LONDOK, 31 Not referred to in Syst. Nat. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 20S. No teeth. D. 16. A. 18. (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Balistes vetula (cotype). Balistes vetiila. (Ed. xii.) (127) Skin, 11| in. long, in good condition, without label or number. No doubt referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306 as Balistes no. 25. Amia calva (type). Amia calva. (128) Skin, 13| in. long, in good condition. Labelled by Linue himself. Referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 305 as " Mud-fish no. 11." Messrs. Goode & Beau (p. 204) refer this specimen to the 1763 collection. The number on the specimen is now nearly effaced, and it may be taken for 4 or 11 ; but in Smith's time it was evidently distinct enough to enable him to identify the specimen without difficulty. Pteroplatea maclura. (129) Skin, 9| in. broad, well preserved. Garden's label : No. 37. Raja. Nostratib. Maid. Referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 306, as " No. 38. Raja." Left unnoticed by Linne. C. Consignment of 1763. Scomber hippos (type). Caranx hippos. (130) Skin, 11 in. long, in good condition. Garden's original label is lost, but " No. 16 " was written by him on the specimen. Mounted on a sheet of paper, like specimens of the 1760 consignment ; labelled by Linne at the top of the sheet " SCOMBER," and at the bottom ''■ ehri/snnis:' Believed to be referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 312; but the specimen may possibly be one of the 1760 consignment. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 203, Scomber chrysurus (types). Micropteryx chrysurus. (131-4) Four skins, from 4| to 6^ in. long. Garden's original labels are lost, but one specimen is numbered 2, another bears the number 5. All four mounted on the same sheet of paper, labelled, like the preceding, by Linne " SCOMBER'" at the top of the sheet, and '■^ chrj/surus " at the bottom. Referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 312; and by Goode & Bean, p. 204. 32 PBOCEEDIXGS OF THE (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Gasterosteus saltatrix (cotype). Tenmodon saltator. (135) Skin, 10:^ in. long, damaged by dermestes, as mentioned by cfr. Garden (Corr, Linn. i. p. 312). 116. Garden's label : " jS'o. 7. Skipjack," to which Linne has added, " t. 1-1 *. Gasterosteus saltatrix." Gasterostens carolinus (type). Trachynotns carolinns. (136) Skin, 9.| in. long, much damaged. Garden's label : " Xo. 8. The Crevallee," to which Linue has added " Gasterosteus carolinus." The texture of the paper of the label, and the mode in which it is made, show that the skin was prepared at the same time as the preceding Xo. 7, and that it is meant by the reference in Linn. Corr. i. p. 311, although Garden enumerates it among the freshwater species. Referred to by Goode & Bean, p. 203. Chaetodon alepidotus (tj-pes). Stromateus alepidotus. (137) Skin, -5^ in. long, in good condition. Garden's " Xo. 13 '*' written on the body. (13S) Skin, 6 in. long, damaged. Garden's " Xo, 13 " written on the body, but only the figure 3 preserved, the remainder being eaten away by dermestes. (The figure 12 was struck out by Garden him- self.) Both skins mounted on the same sheet of paper and labelled by Linne " CEAETODOX" '^ alepidotus." Eeferred to in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 313, and by Goode & Bean, p. 198. Mugil alhula (type), llngil cephalus, L. (139) Skin, 13 in. long, in good condition. Garden's label: " Xo. 1. Mullet," to which Linne has added " t. 6 " as reference to Catesby. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 306. Labrus hiatula (type). Tautoga oaitis. (140) Skin, 10^ in. long, with the anal fin lost. Garden's " Xo. 17" written on the specimen; but the sheet on which the specimen is mounted is labelled " Labrus hiatula " in Linne's (?) handwriting. Eeferred to in Corresp, Linn, i, pp. 311, 313, and in Syst, Xat. ed. sii. p. 47o. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 260, who erroneously give 14 as the number of the specimen. * Eeference to Catesbj-. LrMrEAN SOCIETY OF LOJiDO^. 33 As Linne's description of L. hiatula contains the misleading character of the supposed absence of an anal fin, and as he describes the same sjjecies again under the name of L. onitis, the latter name should be retained. (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Sparus radiatus (type). Platyglossus bivittatus. (12th ed., escl. refer, to Catesby.) (141) Skin, S| in. long, in good condition. Garden wrote " Xo. 19 " on the specimen. Mentioned in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 313, and in Giinth. Fish. iv. p, 164. Coryphaena psittacns (type). Novacula psittacns. (142) Skin, 7 in. long, damaged. Garden wrote " Xo. 20 " on the specimen. Mounted on a sheet of paper, at the bottom of which Liune wrote " Coi'ijphrna psittacns'' Eeferred to in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 313. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 195, Cohitis heteroclitus (types). Frmdiilns heteroclitus. (143-4) Two skins, not in good condition, 4 and 4| in. long. Garden wrote on the specimens " Xo. 11. Anonymos." Eeferred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 311, and by Goode & Bean, p. 204, who. however, seem to have seen only one of the specimens, which they took to be part of the 17(31 consignment. It is not likely that Garden would have labelled " Anonymos '' a fish to which he assigned a vernacular name in his letter. Esox ossens. Lepidosteus osseus. (145) Skin, 16 in. long, damaged. Garden's label: "Xo. 9," to which Linne added ^^ Esox osseus." The same number is written on the specimen. Eeferred to in Corresp. Linn. i. pp. 311, 3l3, and in Syst. Xat. ed. xii. p. 516. D. Co>'SIGXiLEl>-I OF 1771. Serranus apua, Bl. (146) Skin, 11 in. long, in good condition. cfr. Garden's number on specimen : Xo. 8. 157. Mounted by Linne on the same sheet as HccmuJoii JJavo- Uncatian. Eeferred to in Garden's letter as "8. Hind/' Corresp. Linn, p. 331. LIKX. 80C. PBOCEKDIKGS. — SESSIOK 1898-99. d 34 PEOOEEDINQS OT THE (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Pristipoma virginicum, L. (147) Skin, 9 in. long, much broken. Garden's number on specimen : jS'o. 10. Referred to in Garden's letter as " 10. Pork-fish," Corresp. Linn. i. p. 332. Mentioned by Goode & Bean, p. 199. Haemulon elegans, C. V. Hcemulon sciurus, iShaw, Jordan. (148) Skin, 12 in. long, much broken. Garden's number on specimen : No. 4. lleferred to in Garden's letter as " 4. Yellow Grunt," Corresp. Linn. i. p. 331. Identified by Goode & Bean, p. 207. Haemulon xanthopteruni, C. V. HcemuJon flavolineatum, Desm., Jordan. (149) Skin, 1^ in. long, in bad condition, without anal fin. Garden's writing on the specimen is nearly eff'aced, only the word " Grunt ' remaining on the tail. Referred to in Garden's letter as " No. 9. Small White Grunt," Corresp. Linn. i. p. 331. Mounted by Linne on the same sheet of paper as Serranus ajoua (no. 146). (150) Skin, 7 in. long, in good condition. Garden wrote " (jrunt" on the body; it was probably sent to make up for the mutilated condition of the preceding specimen. Haemulon gibbosum, Walb., Schn., Jordan. (151) Skin, 14| in. long, in good condition, Garden's number en specimen : No. 3. Referred to in Garden's letter as " 3. Marget Fish." The same species is figured by Catesby under the same vernacular name (ii. t. 2. f. 1), which figure Linne erroneously associated with his Perca chrysoptera. Identified by Goode & Bean (p. 207) with Ec^mvhn arcuatum, C. V. ; however, Jordan (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1885, p. 191 ; 1886, p. 396) has shown that the "Margate Pish " of Catesby and Garden is Perca gihhosa of Walbaum and Calliodon gibbosus of Schneid., and that HcemuJon album, C. v., and Hcemulon micropTiihnlmum, Giinth., are identical with it (Pish. N. Amer. ii. p. 1295), I am inclined to agree ■with him in these identifications ; only remarking that in specimens of H. album, and H. microphthalmum from the West Indies the eleventh and twelfth dorsal spines are equally short, whilst in Garden's specimen the eleventh is the shortest epme, only half as long as the twelfth. LINXEAJS" SOCIETr OF LONDOy. 35 (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Sphyraena picuda, Bl. Schn, (152) Skin, 24 in. long, not iu good condition, divided in the middle of the length into two halves. Garden's number on specimen : Xo. 5 (very faint). Eeferred to iu Garden's letter as " o. Blue-fish," Corresp. Linn. i. p. 331. Mounted on a sheet of paper, with " CHROMIS" in Linne's handwriting at the top. Aulostoma coloratum. (153) Skin, 21 in. long, in good condition. Without any label or mark, but probably " 11. Trumpet Fish " of Garden's letter, p. 332. Cossyphus rufus. (154) Skin, 10^ in. long, in good condition. Garden's number on specimen : No. 7. Referred to in Corresp. Linn. i. p. 331. Identified by Goode »fe Bean, p. 200. Monacanthus setifer, Benn., Yar. j(3, Giinth. (155) Skin, 4^ in. long, with the dorsal fin mutilated. Original label or number lost, but probably " 14. Leather- coat " of Garden's letter, p. 332. Mounted on a sheet of paper, with " BALISTES " at the top and '■'■ monoceros " at the bottom in Linne's handwriting, to which species this specimen, of course, cannot be referred, as it has only 29 anal rays. Linne (Syst. Nat.) mentions a Garden specimen under Balistes hispidus ; but this cannot be our present specimen, since it is described as having " corpus versus caudam setis exaspe- ratum," of which no trace is visible in the present specimen. The type of B. his])idus is lost. E. Specimens of Uncertain Date. Perca philadelphica (type). Centropristis trifurcus. (156) Skin, 9 in. long, in good condition, without any mark on the cfr. specimen *. 93. Mounted on a folio sheet, labelled by Linne himself " Perca philadelphica." If I am right in supposing that this specimen was in Linne's possession at the time of the publication of the tenth edition, it follows that it must be regarded as the type of Perca philadelphica, and, secondly, that it was not sent by * Is this specimen mentioned by Goode & Bean, p. 202 ? If so, I do not understand their reference to " No. 14. Garden," which is (luite a difiPerent fish. d2 36 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE Garden, but that Linne received it from another source. The type of Pevca trifurca, with the third and fourth dorsal spines " auctus ramento setaceo longitudine ipsius spinas," seems to be lost. (Linnean name.) (Modern name.) Perca guttata (? type). Serranus apna, Bl., C. Y. (157) Skin, II5 ill. long, in good condition. cfr. Mounted on a folio sheet, labelled by Linne' himself " Perca 146. giitiata, L." ; it is possible that the specimen came from Garden, but there is no means even to conjecture at what time Linne received it. Eeferred to by Goode & Bean as " Epinephelus lunulaius, A. iii. 8," and by Jordan in Proc. U.S. Kat. Mas. 1885. p. 396. I count nine soft rays in the anal fin. Perca guttata of the 10th and 12th editions is a merely nominal species, based upon figures by previous authors, which represent different fish. There is no indication in either edition that Linne had this or any other specimen ; he even omitted to give a fin-formula. Under such circumstances I consider it best to ignore the name altogether, and to adopt the nomen- clature of a later and better informed authority. But if the name is to be retained for a definite species of Serranus, the specimen in the Linnean collection may be utilized as type, as it shows at any rate that Linne referred this fish to his "■Pcrca guttata," whatever the limits are which he covered by that name. I retain for this species a name given by Bloch and suffi- ciently established by Cuvier-Yalenciennes, viz., Serramis aj>ua. If Mr. Boulenger (Cat. i. p. 210) refers to the synonymy of this species Serranus maeulatus, Giinth. i. p. 130, I have to reply that the latter has two rays less in the dorsal fin. Micropterus salmonoides. {Huro nigricans.) (158) Skin, 8^ in. long, in good condition. cfr. Marked with the figure " 8 '' in Garden's handwriling. 94. Ignored by Linne. Identified by Goode & Bean , p. 306. Labrus atiritus (? cotypes) . Pomotis punctatus. (159-60) Two skins, 4| in. long, in good condition. cfr. Mounted on paper, without anv marks. 96-7. Spams rhomboides (cotype). Sargus rhomboides. (161) Skin, Oi in. long, in good condition. cfr. Garden's label : " No. 3. Mutton-fish," and on the reverse of 102-3. the label in Linne's handsvriting, ''Sjxcks Perca rJwmboidaUs " (the word Perca struck out). This specimen must have belonged to a consignment different from those mentioned in the Corresp. Linn. LINNEAN SOCIETT OP LONDOIf. 37 (Liniiean uanie.) (Modern name.) Otolitiius carolinensis. (162) Skin, 19 in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : No. 5. Sea-Trout. This specimen cannot belong to either of the consignments mentioned in Corresp. Linn., in all of vrhich the number 5 is given to some other fish. It is very unlikely that Liune included it under his Pcrca punctatus, as suggested by Goode »& Bean, p. 201. ■ Pseudoscarus sp. (163) Skin, 11| in. long, not in good condition. !Marked on the body with the figure 2. Mounted on a folio sheet, with the name " ORPHUS " on the top. If it came from Garden, it might be one of the Parrot-fishes mentioned in Garden's letter of August 4, 1766 (Corresp. Linn. i. p. 326). It seems to be a species of Pseudoscarus : the scales on the cheek are obscured by varnish ; probably they formed a single series with an additional scale on the limb of the prceoperculum. The specimen is not referable to any Linnean species, and therefore it would be unimportant, as it certainly would be risky, to attempt its specific determination, Pleuronectes lunatas. Pseiidorhombus dentatns, (164) Skin, 11 1 in. long, in good condition. Garden's label : •' No. 9," to which Linne has added "Pleuro- nectes, t. 27," and on the reverse " lunatus." Identified by Giinther, iv. p, 426. This specimen belongs to a consignment not mentioned in any of the letters preserved in Corresp. Linn. ; it was erro- neously referred by Linne to Catesby, t. 27, which he named Pleuronectes lunatus. ? ExoccBtus exsiliens, Bl., Lilljeb. (165) Skin, 6 in. long, in fragmentary condition. Garden's label : " No. 25," to which Linne has added "Exo- ccetus volans." The specimen belongs to a consignment not mentioned in the Corresp. Linn., and is too much injured to admit of identification ; it has long ventrals, rather short pectorals, and a high dorsal fin. Syngnathus pelagicus, var. Syngnathus louisianae. (Edit, xii.) (Type.) (166) Skiu,9i in. long, in good condition, without any marker label. Linne states: I). 33, Oss. rings 25 -j- 32 = 57. I count: D. 35, Oss. rings 20-1-37=57. PEOCEEDINGS OF THE CLinnean name.) (Modern name.) Syngnatlnis hippocampus. Hippocampus antiquomm. (167-8) Two skins, about 3 and 4^ in. long, without any mark or label. These specimens may have come from any source. Linne's diagnosis of his SyngnaOnis Jiippocampus is difficult to under- stand, so far as the dermal laminae and spines are concerned in other respects it applies fairly well to Hippocamjpus antiquorum. Sir Dietrich Brandis then mored : — " That the thanks of the Society be given to the President for his excellent Address, and that he be requested to allow it to be printed and circulated amon2;st the Fellows ; " and this, having been seconded by Mr. F. Du Cane Grodman, was carried unanimously. The Society's Grold Medal for the year was formally presented to Mr. JoHi? Gilbert Baker in recognition of his important contributions to Botany, and was received and duly acknowledged by that gentleman. In making the presentation the President said : — " The Council have decided to award the Linnean Medal of this year to John Gilbert Baker. " In the case of a worker who has cultivated science so diligently and for so many years as our Medallist, it would be impossible to enumerate all the publications by which he has advanced the study and knowledge of Botany ; I must limit myself to the chief of them. "He had barely attained the age of twenty-one when he drew up an account of the flowering plants of his native county, correcting and enlarging that given in Baines' ' Flora of Yorkshire.' Con- tinuing these observations he brought out his well-known work, ' North Yorkshire'; a work which for thoroughness and for con- ciseness of expression remains unrivalled. " After his removal to Kew, one of the first fruits of his labours was the ' Synopsis Filicum,' which appeared in 1868, and which, in its second edition, is the latest exposition of the Ferns of the whole world : this work, indeed, had been planned and commenced by Sir William Hooker, but its completion, from page 56 to the end, was entrusted to, and carried out by. Baker. The following year was marked by the appearance of the first volume of "Wilson Saunders's 'Eefugium Botauicum,' Baker contributing the greater part of the descriptions in this series ; by the revision of the genus Narcissus, which still serves as the basis of the generally LIKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 39 accepted arrangement of the Daffodils ; and by his first contri- bution to the pages of our own Journal, the Monograph of the British Eoses. This memoir was followed in later years by a long series of similar systematic treatises on large and difficult genera, his contributions to our Journal alone amounting to more than a thousand pages. " In descriptive Floras his activity has not been less conspi- cuous : we have to thank him for the three volumes on the Com- positse in Martius's ' Flora Brasilieusis,' for several papers on Malagasy Botany, the Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles, the bulbous Flora of the Cape, and the Leguminosse of British India. " In the Handbooks which lie has prepared in recent years, on AmaryJUdece, Iridea, BromeliacecE, and the Fern Allies, we possess invaluable summaries of the material published on these orders. " But, Mr. Baker, I need not go further in enumerating your published works ; their value is appreciated not only by your fellow-labourers at home, but the manner in which the Liunean Society honours you today w'ill meet with the joyful approval of the Botanists of all countries. And it is an additional pleasure to the Society to know that the bestowal of this medal is not likely to mark the end of your services to science ; and we all hope that the honourable leisure you njw enjoy will still be productive of w^ork for years to come." The obituary notices of deceased Fellows w^ere laid before the Meeting by the Secretary, upon which the proceedings terminated. The Eight Hon. Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, P.C., eleventh Baronet of his line, was born in 1809, and died on April 29th, 1899, at his seat at Killerton, near Exeter, in which locality his family have made their home for some 300 years or more. Of his political career, so memorably bound up with his close personal friendship with the late Eight Hon. W. E. Gladstone, dating from their companionship at Oxford, of his action on behalf of Free Trade, the repeal of the Corn Laws, and his historical association with the conception of the Home Eule Bill, this is not the place to relate in detail. It is rather for his love of Agriculture and of Natural History pursuits that we have to chronicle his memory, for, as the champion of the Bath and West of England Agricul- tural Society, he for several years devoted his best energies to them, editing the Society's Journal with his own hands and devoting himself heart and soul to its work and to cognate out- door pursuits likely to benefit the moral, physical, and mental status of the men of his county soil. Asa leader in their Yolun- tter movement, as Master of the North Devon Staghounds, he was at all tiiuts prominent among them, bringing to bear on their 4o PROCEEDIIs^(^S OF THE lives and occupations his high culture and manly presence, in a manner as beneficial as it was exemplary in a person of his position and attainments. He took a keen interest in the intel- lectual development of these his county folk, and wtis in his prime a leading speaker and advocate at meetings in connection with the organization of science and art classes in their midst. His intellectual capacity, always high, found most forcible expressioa ill a book published while in his eighty-seventh year under the title ' Knowledge, Duty, and Faith, a Study of Principles Ancient and Modern.' A generous and convivial host, who treated rich and poor alike, having estates extending into Devon, Cornwall, and Somerset, he will be remembered as a prominent member of the British Aristocracy of the Victorian Era, an ideal County Squire who found his greatest happiness in the fostering of good works likely to benefit those largely dependent upon him. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on April 20th, 1882, and was also a Fellow of the E-oyal Geographical and Chemical Societies. Brigade-Surgeon James Edwabd Tiernet Aitchison was a son of Major James Aitchisou, and was born at Neemuch, Central India, on 28th October, 1835. After preliminary school educa- tion at Lasswade and Dalkeith, near Edinburgh, he went to the University of Edinburgh. After taking his degree of M.D. in 1856, he entered the service of the Honourable East India Com- pany in 1858, and remained in the Indian Medical Service till 1888, when he retired from it. The first work produced by him was a ' Flora of the Jhelum District of the Punjab ' in 1863, and this date shows that he must have taken up the study of botany very shortly after his arrival in India as Assistant-Surgeon. Six years later, in 1869, he brought out a ' Catalogue of the Plants of the Punjab and Sindh,' and the ' Flora of the Hushiapur Dis- trict of Punjab.' A more substantial volume appeared in 1874, on the economic botany of the Leh, entitled ' Handbook of the trade products of Leh,' 1874. This was compiled while he was British Commissioner in Ladak, to which he had been appointed in 1872. Dr. Aitchison's more especially valuable collections were begun in 1878, when, under Lord Eoberts (then General Sir Frederick Eoberts), an expedition advanced into Afghanistan, and the Kuram Valley Flora was investigated by him. From that year to 1880 he made an admirable collection, which he brought home, worked up at Kew with the help of Mr. W. Betting Hemsley, and pubhshed in the 18th volume of our Journal. In 1884-85 he acted as Naturalist to the Afghan Delimitation Commission, bringing back about 10,000 botanical specimens as well as some zoological ones. The account of the Botany was issued in our Transactions, Series IE. Botany, vol. iii., with48 plates and 2 maps, the illustrations being at the cost of tiie Indian Government ; the Zoology was likewise published in the Transactions, Ser. II. vol. v., LIX>'EA>' SOCIETY OF LO>'DO>". 4^ with 9 plates and 2 maps, also presented by llie Grovernment of India. His success in collecting in these regions was much helped by his medical and surgical skill employed on behalf of the natives, with whom he readily in.fjratiated himself. On his quitting the service, he settled at first at Dalkeith, then at Edinburgh, in 1S92 unsuccessfully contesting a Scotch county constituency as a Liberal Unionist. About this time he came south, and took Leyden House at Mortlake, intending to work up his Yoluminous notes by the aid of the library and herbarium at Kew. But this plan was never carried out, ill-health prevented it, the death of his wife saddened him, and after a long period of decreasing strength, he died at Kew, on 30th September, 1898, from cardiac weakness and other complications. He was elected a Fellow of our Society on 3rd December, 1863 ; and was also a Pellow of the Eoyal Society of Edinburgh (1882) and of the Eoyal Society of London (1883). George Ja:vjes Allma>', for seven years President of the Lin- nean Society, died at Ardmore, Parkstone, Dorset, on Xov. 24', 1898, at the advanced age of 86, full of honour, a conspicuous member of a great company of naturalists who^e work will ever remain memorable in the Annals of British Biology. Allman was born at Cork in 1812, and educated at Belfast for the Bar. Soon, however, his natural tendency towards scientific work became predominant, and he in due course graduated at Dublin in Arts and Medicine. He became in turn a Member and a Pellow of the Eoyal College of Surgeons Ireland, and an M.D. of Dublin and Oxford. In the year of his graduation he was appointed Professor of Botany in the Dublin University, and all thoughts of any but a scientific career were with this dismissed. He held the chair for 10 years, working assiduously, and then resigned it for the Eegius Professorship of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh, with which was in- cluded the Keepershij) of the Natural History Collections in the Edinburgh Museum. In both Dublin and Edinburgh, Allmau was a great favourite with the cultivated in society, and the social side of his life owed much of its popularity to the charm and energetic devotion of his talented w^ife. In 1870 he retired into private life, living first in London and afterwards in Piirk- stone, where he settled down in a charming property overlooking Poole Harbour. The resources of this locality furnished him the ideal of existence, and the beautifully undulating ground which formed liis garden, as developed by him, rapidly assumed a charming aspect and became the centre of accumulation of rare and beautiful plants, individually the objects of his tender care. Ihus surrounded, he continued with unabated zeal the zoological w ork which made him famous, and so untiring were his energies that at the advanced age of 86 we find him still observing and publishing, while on the day before his death he insisted on sitting at a little table, as was his wont, books and papers in 42 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE hand. He was a naturalist of the old type, upon whose shoulders lay the burden of the groundwork of their science. Happiest in the field, when, face to face with nature, his poetic fancy found full play, he revelled in organic life and its manifold forms. Asa marine zoologist he was also famous, if only by association with the )>ioneers of his time. The elder Carpenter, Hancock, Hincks, G-vAyn Jefireys, Wyville Thomson, his immediate con- temporaries ; Busk his great personal friend ; Owen, Hooker, the elder Agassiz, his early councillors; Mcintosh and Norman his advisers of late years : truly may it be said that his name is great, and that with his decease a link with the historic past has been lost. As a worker and writer Allman was diffuse and voluminous, his published papers covering a wide field ranging from the lowest to the highest organisms. Becent and fossil forms alike fell under his sway, and upon the study of both he has left his mark. Very early in his career he showed a partiality for the Coelenterata and other classes of Invertebrata at that time little investigated ; and, as all the world of zoologists knows, his life's work A\as the masterly unravelling of the synonymy, structure, and life-history of the Tubularian Hydroids, the study of which lie was the first to place upon a comprehensive scientific basis. His two great volumes on these most marvellous of Nature's productions came as a revelation to the naturalists of the period. Pollowing on the lines of the 'British Naked-eyed Medusae' of Forbes and the 'Oceanic Hydrozoa' of Huxley, they opened up a new field, and introduced new methods and a rational system of terminology, the eftects of which are evident in all subsequent work upun the Coeleuteratn. These masterly monographs, to- gether with ills no less remarkable treatise on the Freshwater Polyzoa, embody the continuous labours of long years, the general order of which may be judged from the lengthy series of papers which he from time to time published as ebullitions of the main stream of his ideas, aud which aroused the interest and enthusiasm of contemporary v\ orkers to an altogether exceptiunal degree. If only by association with genera such as Limnocodium, Myriothela, EJiahdo^leiira, Allman's name would have become a landmark in zoological literature, but his work upon these all- important organisms, sufficient to have made him famous, pales into insignificance beside the afore-meutioned monographs. They have long taken high rank among the classics of Zoology ; aud, powerful and philosophic as are their pages, these are not second in merit to the marvellously beautiful pictures which both illustrate and adorn them, for the most part faithful copies of Allman's own originals. Beyond his epocii-making treatises aud his miscellaneous papers, Allman contributed a series of Jieports upon Maiine Invertebrates of tlie Expeditions of his time. Those upon the collections of the ' Porcupine,' the Gulf-Stream exploration of LTNNEA.K SOCIETY OF LONDON", 43 the United States Groyernmeut, and the ' Challenger ' will be familiar to working zoologists. In them, as in all he did, he showed a power of work and mental capacity which may be held up to future generations of naturali-^ts as ideil. Allman was an active supporter of the British Association and of other institutions which exist for the popularization of science, while, on the other hand, he served his country well as one of the Commissioners of the Scottish fisheries, and of the Board appointed to enquire into the working of the Queen's Colleges in Irelaud. He was a Fellow and Medallist of the Eoyal Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the E )yal Irish Academy, and on the Couucils of all these he did excellent service. On 15th February, 1872, he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society, and of this he became President in 1874, succeeding Bentham. The seven years during which he held office were conspicuous by their activity and good work, prompted, as was so largely the case, by the thoroughness and exemplary nature of his Presidential Addresses. In 1895 he received the Society's Grold Medal, the presentation of which was speedily followed hy that to the Society of his portrait, by Miss Busk, which adorns the walls of the Society's npartments. A noble man (dignified, temperate, considerate), a good friend, an earnest student, he set unto liim-ielf high ideils and realized them in an exemplary manner, worthy the emulation of his suc- cessors and of all who would become great in the growth of knowledge. Samtjel Dentois" Bairstow was born at Huddersfield, Yorkshire, was elected Fellow of our Society 4th March, 1880, and emigrated to Natal, on the grounds of health, in 1882. He was engaged in the woollen trade, aud subsequently as hotel propriet )r at Cradock and Zuarbeg, but his leisure was devoted to the study of Natural History, especially in Conchology and Entomology ; a collection of shells made by him is now at Cambridge. He was one of the founders of the Port Elizabeth Naturalists' Society. He died of phthisis in the month of J uly 1898. "William Boebkb, Esq., who died on the 22nd of October, 1898, was the eldest son of the late well-known botanist of the same name, for many years a Fellow of this Society (see ' Proceedings of the Linnean Society,' 24th May, 1862, pp. Ixxxv-xe), and was born in his father's house at Barrow Hill, in the parish of Hen- field and county of Sussex, on the 18th of January, 1814. His early education was begun by his father, and continued for a short time at a school near Chichester; but he was subsequently ent to one under Leith Hill, near Dorking, kept by Dr. Eusdeu, a man of great reputation for learning, where he remained about eight years until he had attained the age of nineteeu. During the holidays the younger Bon-er was the frequent companion ot 44 PROCEEDIXOS OF THE his father on the latter's numerous botanical tours; and in that way, not only visited many parts of England, but learnt to know at sight almost any British plant. On leaving school he passed some time under the care of the Eev. William Guille, at that time vicar of Egham, and afterwards Dean of Gruernsey ; but in January 1835 he entered into residence at Peterhouse in the University of Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1839 and M.A. in 1842. Passionately addicted to field-sports, and to shoot- ing especially, he, during his College career, assiduously went on witli a collection of British Birds which he had begun as a mere child, and the comparatively undrained condition of the Pen- country in those days enabled him to procure many additions to it hardly attainable in later years, these being not only the spoils of his own gun, but birds sent fi'om a distance to the Cambridge market, which he regularly visited. In this way he was so fortunate as to become possessed of one of the very last survivors of the Euglish race of Bustards (Otis tarda), which, having been killed, as he afterwards made out, by a poacher at Dersiugham in Norfolk, on the 26th of January, 1837, was found exposed in a stall at Cambridge four days afterwards. His ardour for shooting, however, did not prevent him from cultivating the society of the older members of the University, and especially of those who had a ta>te for any branch of Natural History, many of whom must have known his father by reputation if not per- sonall_v, and among them the late Charles Cardale Babingtou (subsequently Professor of Botany), who had been a not in- frequent visitor to Heufield, while Borrer's intercourse with his seniors was no doubt rendered more easy by his position as a fellow-commoner of his College, and his being some years older than undergraduates ordinarily are. On the foundation, in 1837, of the Pay Club he became one of its twelve original members, all of whom he outlived, dying the senior member of that small body of men to whose early exertions is due so much of that proficiency in Natural Science which has since distinguished Cambridge*. Several of his vacations he spent in travelling, for in that respect he inherited his father's predilections, and thus he made two tours in Wales, beside visiting the Channel Islands and Scotland. One of his excursions was indeed of a novel kind. He and a friend, William Walsh (afterwards rector of Great Cotes in Lincolnshire), formed the design of walking round Grreat Britain, keeping as closely as possible to the shore, or at least within sight of the sea. Setting out from Worthing in Sussex, they worked westward and northward so far as some place ia Cromartyshire, whence, finding their time running short, they struck across to the East coast, and pursued their way southward till they reached the Wash. Arrived here Walsh was summoned home, and the rest of the journey had to be abandoned. They * The only other undergraduate original member was the late well-known Mr. John Ball, then of Christ's College. LINNEAIf SOCIETY OF LONDON. 45 lij^d been sixteen weeks doing this distance, which was traversed wholly on foot, and their longest day's walk was from Oban to Tort William (about 40 miles). It was their intention to com- plete the perambulation in a subsequent expedition, but this was never carried out. In 18-10 Borrer married his first cousin Margaret, the eldest daughter of J. Hamlyn Borrer of Brighton, and in 1843 fixed his abode at Cowfold near Horsham, a commodious and pleasantly-situated house, which remained his home for the rest of his life, tliough he often passed part of the winter in a house he possessed at Brighton, and from time to time visited many different parts of the United Kingdom, beside making an occa- sional excursion on the Continent, as in 1878 to the Kiviera and in 1882 to the Netherlands — the latter with the especial object of seeing the Horster Mere and the district of Valkenswaard, localities so full of interest to an ornithologist. At home he employed himself in various country pursuits, and continued, so long as he was physically able, especially to indulge his early and indefatigable predilection for shooting ; but he was also an active magistrate and attendant on County business at Quarter Sessions, never allowing his diversion to interfere with the per- formance of his duties in these respects. He possessed also a strong antiquarian taste, and was one of the four originators of the Sussex Archaeological Society. Though never neglecting any opportunity of adding to his collections (for the reception of which a very suitable room at Cowfoid was allotted), whether by himself in person or through his numerous friends, and to that end carrying on a somewhat extensive correspondence with other, and especially local, natu- ralists, he was chary of communicating the results of his obser- vations to the world at large. His earliest published contribution ■was a note in 1841 on the occurrence of an Ortolan near Brighton (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 524) ; but from 1845 onward he continued to record briefly in the ' Zoologist ' such rarities as came to his knowledge, among whicli may be particularly mentioned the first example of Aedon galactodes recognized as obtained in England (Zoologist, 1851, p. 4511), — a species ■which was thereupon included by Tarrell (with whom he had long been in frequent communication) in the Third Edition of his ' British Birds,' published in 1856. It was not until after the failure of his health, in his seventieth year, had seriously impaired Mr. Borrer's bodily activity, that he systematically set to work to look up his many note-books, which he had been in the habit of diligently keeping from his Cambridge days, and to recall his memory by their help, in order to compile an account of the Ornithology of his native county, which from its geographical position and the labours of men like Markwick and Knox, who had already worked at it, was known to be im- portant. Unfortunately he was at this time under a great ditficulty in writing ; but the hand of an affectionate daughter 46 PEOCEEDIKGS OF THE supplied the Beeded aid. Still those who have heard his racy •way of narrfitins; his varied observations, adventures, and ex- perience can hardly doubt that the work suffered in style — as all works must suffer — from not being written cur rente calamo, for the humour lie dis] layed when recounting to a willing listener how he had met with this, that, or the other bird was undeniable, and traces of it are to be found even in some of the notes which he contributed to the ' Zoologist,' short as they mostly are. The 'Birds of Sussex,' a voliim.e of nearly 400 pages, appeared early in 1&91, and at once took its place among the best of our County ornithologies — a place its accuracy and simplicity of statement will ensure its keeping. Por the last twelve years of his life Mr. Borrer was unable to move much from home ; hut his interest in his collections and in Natural History generally continued to be as keen as ever. One of his greatest pleasures was to receive a visit from a brother zoologist, while even an ornithological letter brought delight. A short illness ended his peaceful career, he having then attained the age of eighty-four ; and outside his own family, by whom he was deeply regretted, his memory is respectfully cherished by a large circle of neighbours as well as friends at a distance. He was elected a Fellow of this Society, 19th of November, 1839. His collections, having been bequeathed to his son, remain at Cowfold. [A. N.] Chaeles James Beeese, who passed away during the Session, was elected a Eellow of the Society in 1871. During recent years he was among the most regular attendants at the evening meetings; and although henever communicated an original paper to the Society's publications, he frequently entered into the discussions, and always to good purpose. In conversation he betrayed a love of natural history pursuits and a good knowledge of scientific literature. To those most familiar with the inner life of the Society, he will long be remembered as a skilful auditor; and to witness, at his hand, the operation of adding up £ s. d. columns at oue effort, the three middle fingers of the right hand bestriding them as he did it, was to note him capable of a power of coordination of ideas and a mental achieve- ment, doubtless begotten of long experience in statistics and finance, exceeding that productive of many a scientific paper. He will be remembered as a genial man and a good friend to the Society. Teodoeo Caeuel was born at Chandernagore in Bengal, near Calcutta, on the 27th June, 1830 ; his mother was English, his father of French descent. He was brought up in Florence, and showed in early life a predilection for observation. He became acquainted about the year 1850 with Pietro Savi, Puccinelli of Siena, Adolfo Targioni-Tozzetti, and other ardent botanists; and LIMNEAN SOCIETY OF LOIfDOIf. 47 by a minute investigation of Italian plants laid tlie foundation of his intimate knowledge of the plants of the peninsula. In 1858 he was nominated assistant to Parlatore, who, amongst other labours, was busy on his ' Flora Italiana,' which was destined to be continued by Caruel, to a somewhat disappointing and hurried close. His first work which claims our notice is his account of the herbarium of Cesalpini, the founder of a scientific method of classification of plants ; he dedicated it to the memory of his own father, and entitled it ' Illustratio in hortum siccum xlndrete CsBsalpini,' 1858. Following this, at an interval of two years, we find him producing his ' Prodromo della flora Toseana,' an excellent little manual, alike testifying to his wide knowledge of the local flora and his sound judgment of popular needs ; two supplements came out in 1865 and 1870. After a stay of four years with Parlatore, Caruel was appointed by Eoyal decree Professor Extraordinary at the University of Padua, a chair which had been previou>.ly occupied by Gasparrini. This post Caruel could not accept for certain reasons, but within a month he was nominated to a similar post at Milan, where he remained a year. From this plaee he was called to Florence, where he remained, with one exception of nine yenrs, till his death. In 1865 the direction of the ' Orto dei Semplici' passed into his hands, and from that year to 1871 he aided the develop- ment of Horticulture in Tuscany, During this period his publications amounted to 27, the range embracing anatomy, mycology, physiology, phytopathology, introductory works, &c. From 1871 to 1880 he was transferred to Pisa, succeeding his friend Pittro Savi ; in 1880 he came to Florence again, suc- ceeding Beccari, who preferred to work up his treasures brought back from the Malay Peninsula to remaining professor in suc- cession to Parlatore. Once more established in Florence, Caruel resolved to complete Parlatore's unfinished ' Flora Italiana,' of which five volumes had been published. With the help of Caldesi, Tanfaoi, Mori, and Terraciano, Caruel continued the work, on a somewhat compressed scale, as far as the ninth volume in 1893, alter twelve years' labours. The removal by death of some of these helpers made it impossible for the original scheme to be carried out as it was intended. The remaining Orders were sketched out, not mono- graphed— unhappily including tne Compositge, which themselves constitute about one-tenth of the flora — in the thin tenth volume issued in 189J^, with a geueiic index to the entire work iu lh96. In August of 1892 he first felt the approaches of the fatal disorder which was to end his days. The Genoa Congress en- listed his attention, and he much desired to take his part in the discussion on nomenclature, but he was obliged to relinquish the task as being beyond his strength. He was editor of the ' A^uova Giornale botanico Italiano ' from 1872 to 1892, and assisted to estabhsh the ' Keale ISocieta d'Orti- coitura di Toseana.' PllOCEEDINGS OF THE Ills election as a Poreio;n Member o£ onr Society is dated 2nd May, 1870- He died at Florence, 4th December, 1898, aged 68. CxVKL CLA.US, whose name will always be famous in Zoology as a pioneer-investigator of the Crustacea and a foremost student of the Coelenterata, died on January 18th, 1899, in his 65th year. He was born at Kassel in January 1835, and studied at the Universities of Marburg and Griessen, at the latter under Leuckart, among whose pupils he was one of the most distin- guished. In 1858, the year following that in which Claus took his deo-ree, he was appointed Privat-Docent for Zoologv at Marburg, passing in the following year to Wiirzburg, where in 1860 he was made a Professor Extraordinarius. In 1863 he returned to Marburg, to fill the office of Ordinary Professor of Zoology, and he was subsequently called to Grottingen (1870) and Vienna (1873). It was in the latter University that he produced most of the work by which he will be best remembered, and durino' the 23 years he held office his Laboratory was the scene of a ceaseless "activity, a centre of attraction to zoologists of all nations. In his younger days Claus was an enterprising marine zoologist — Heligoland, Naples, and Messina being noteworthy as localities which he visited ; and in later years he founded the Zoological Station at Trieste, one of the oldest and most honoured of Marine Observatories, the resources of which he turned to special use in his ordinary class-work. He retired into private life in 1896, distinguished as an investigator, and by the student beloved, as the writer of a text-book which, unlike most Grerman works of its kind, was something more than a mere compilation and had a freshness and originality peculiarly its own. The 40 years of Claus's active life witnessed the publication of a vast number of scientific papers and monographs, many of which will remain classical and among the most representative examples of the zoological literature of the period. His In- aut'ural Dissertation, published in 1857, was upon ' The Genus Cyclops and its indigenous Species ' ; and his last noteworthy paper was devoted to the maxillary appendages of the Copepoda and the morphology of the Cirripede limbs. Of the numerous new genera and species he in the meantime described, of his revolutionary classifications, his elaborate studies of the morpho- logy of all parts of the Crustacean skeleton, of his fascinating work upon the anatomy and histology of the heart and internal organs of certain microscopic forms, and of the importance of that upou the larval nervous system, it is but necessary to re- mind the trained zoologist, to whom everything he wrote came PS a relief, a biight inspiration, which rendered clearer some in- volved corner in the mighty maze of Crustacean life. The Structure and Development of the Parasitic Crustacea, the Free- LI>'>-KA^ SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 49 living Copeporls, the Metamorphosis of the Ciriipede Larva and of the Squillidfe, the Structure aud Development of Ajms and Branchipus, the Organization of the Xebalidae, the Platyscelidae, and Halocryptida", were, ia order ot euumerati 071, the conspicuous objects of his detailed investigation ; while in works of a more general nature, such as his ' Researches into the Genealogy of the Crustacean System' (1876), and his ' Further Coutiibutioiis to Crustacean ^Morphology ' (1885), he found a means of from time to time critically reviewing his subject uuder the light of advancing discovery on broad principles. Claus's first paper upon the Coelenterati (PJii/soj^hora) ap- peared in 18G0; his last, " On the Classilication of the Medusce, with reference to the position of the so-called Peromedusae," in 1888. Perusal of his record of works published during the in- terval shows that for many years the Coelenteata and Arthro- poda must have vied with each other as the main objects of hia attention ; and one is tempted to speculate as to how f ir this healthy rivalry may not have been the cause of the signal clear- headedness which characterizes all he did. Although a speci:dist he did not overspecialize. And, indeed, like his gre it master Leuckart, he from time to time excursed into tields not peculiarly his own, as, for example, in his essay (l8oS) on ' Jieprodu^-iioii and Parthenogenesis in the Animal Kingdom,' his ' Ous.rvaliaus on the Formation of the Insect's Egg' (1864'), his famous mono- graph on the Pfychidse, in which the male of F. helix was first described, his suggestive essay 'On the Border-land of Auimal and Vegetable Life,' and others which might be named. His ' Gruudziige der Zoologie,' perhaps the most generally known of all German text-books on that subject, apjjeared in 1868 and rapidly passed through four editions, with subdivisi.;n into two volumes. Prompted by its success he meanwhile pro- duced (1880) a ' Kleines Lehrbuch,' thus leading up to the suc- cessive editions of his famous ' Lehrbuch ' (1883-1897), which in its present form is a work of close upon 1000 pages, pei haps more universally iu vogue than any zoological text-book extant. The value of the method, he adopted, especially as aimed at ensuring equal consideration for taxonomy aud anatomy, cannot be overestimated. He is said to have considered the develop- ment of these books his favouiite occupation, and it cannot be denied that they have been among the most useful aids in the popularization of Zoology during the last 30 years. As a teacher and lecturer, Claus is said to ha\e had an in-*piiing influence on all who came under him. In his addresses, books, aud publ shed essays he declared himself a firm upholder of the Darwinian doctrine of Descent, while he held special views of Lis own upon the part played by the organism in ' Selection.' He was of delicate organization and of restless nervous tem- perament, but by the noble example he set to all about him, his strong personal sympathies, and, the charm and far-reachiug llNJ!f. SOC. VEOCEEDIKOS. — SESSION 18^8-99. e 50 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE nature of liis works, his influence will live and extend, tliougli the master tand has been withdrawn. In 1896, on his retirement from professorial work, Claus was awarded the Austrian Crof-s of the Knight Order of Leopold, He was a Member of several Academies and Scientific Bodies, and in 1893 was elected a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society. Feedtnatsd JrLiTJS CoHN, Professor of Botany in the TJmver- siiy of Breslau, was born in that town 24Lh January, 1828, and passed through the University, which he entered at the age f.f 16, and studied also at Berlin. In 1856 he became Privat- Docent at Breslau ; in 1859 nominated Extraordinary Professor, he became full Professor in 1872. Here he remained till his death, 25th June. 1898 : thus his whole life, with a short excep- tion, was passed in his native Silesian capital. His first publi- cation was his dissertation ' Synibola ad Seminis physiologiam,' Berlin, 1847, in his twentieth year. Before very long he applied himself to the study of the lowly forms of plant-life, Al^^ae and Pungi. The results of his researches into tlie life-history and development of Vohoa-, Sj)h<¥)^opha, Filohohis, Empusa., are known to all. We may mention his ' Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Pilohohis cri/staUinus,' Breslau, 1851; ' Untersuchungen iiber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der mikroskopischen Algen und Pilze,' Bonn, 1854 ; ' Ueber Empusa musccs' the same place and year. He was an early worker on Bacteria, and his Laboratory may be regarded as a starting-point of- medical bacteriology ; and his ' Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen,' mentioned below, is a storehouse of historical da' a of early investigation on this important subject. Eobert Koch was in scientific communication with Cohn, aud received from the latter valued and efficient backing in the disputes agauist the views of JSageli, Buchner, andHallier; for Cohn adhered obstinately to his opinion that Bacteiia were constant species. His laboratory for the study of plant-physiology was estab- lished in 1866, and has given rise to a widely dispersed school or band of workers. His repute as professor caused his popular ' Die Pflanze ' to have an extensive circulation, the second edition having been issued in 1896-97. He was the most popular lecturer on the staff of his University ; whilst the solidity of his work and its high value were appreciated by this Society, in electing him a Foreign Member, 6th May, 1876, and awarding him the Linnean Medal in 1895. Prom 1856 he was in charge of the botanic section of the ' Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Yaterlandische-Kultur ' ; and it was at his instigation and under his guidance that a cryptogamic section vtas started. It was iu connection with this Society that he edited the ' Kryptogamen-Plora von Schlesien,' which came out 1876-94, furmmg three octavo volumes. Another important work which he carried on was his ' Beitrage LTNNEA'N" SOCIETY OF LOI^DOX. 5.I 7nr Bioloi^ie der Pflaiizen,' begun in 1870, and completed with the seventh volume in 1896. He became a Member of the Leopoldino-Carolinische deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher in October 1819 under the cog- nomen of Meyen II. His fellow townsmen in 1897 paid him the civic honour of conferring the freedom of Breslau oa the occasion of the jubilee of his doctorate. Rev. William Colenso was the son of a saddler in Penzance, where he was born in 1811. He bec;ime a printer and book- binder in London, and passed some time in the service of the British and Foreign Bible Society. In 1883, when Coleaso was only twenty-two years of age, the Church Missionary Society determined to establish a printing establishment as part of their method of propaganda in the then little-known islands of New Zealand, and Colenso was selected to take charge of that enter- prise. He has left an account of his pioneer work as printer and missionary in his ' Fifty Yeirs ago in New Zealand.' It was uphill work for many years, but by the end of 1837 he had not only acquired a command of the Maori language, but had com- pleted the translation and printing of the entire JSTew Testament into that tongue. From about 1840 he began to devote himself more especially to mission work, but he ever kept an open eye to the flora of his new home. He publislied a small octavo entitled ' Excursion to the Northern Island of New Zealand in 1841-42,' issued at Launceston in 1844 ; and in the following year he described some new ferns in the ' Tasmanian Journal.' It was in 1844 that he was ordained by Bishop Selwyn, after a period of preparation ; it may here be mentioned that he was a first cousin of the Bishop of Natal, for whose character and writings he ever had cordial sympathy and esteem. His untiring energy and enthusiasm for New Zealand life and surroundings brought him into great intimacy with the Maori race, and on different occasions he was enabled to act as mediator between the white and coloured population. On 15th June, 1865, he was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society. On the occasion of the New Zealand Exhibition in 1865 at Dunedin, he drew up an essay on the Botany of the North Island, which was republished at Otago in the same year. From time to time he published papers dealing not only with the botany, but also the customs, legends, plant-names, &c. of the natives. He kept up a correspondence with home authorities, collected plants, and sent them to England with full de:?criptions ; in this his local knowledge led him to place too great stress on slight peculiarities of habit, and to regard small variations as worthy of specific distinction. "When the compilation of the ' Index Kewensis 'was in progress, he spontaneously off'ered to give the sum of fifty pounds towards the printing ; and although this offer was not accepted, because the requirements of the work were otherwise provided for, the fact remains as a testimony to the e2 52 PEOCEEDIIS'GS OF THE generous nature of the man and his enthusiasm for a favourite pursuit. His native town was never forgotten. He gave £1000 to Penzance, the interest on which is appropriated to relieving the wants of deserving poor under the name of the ' Colenso Dole.' In .1896 he put before the Hawkes Bay (N.Z.) Philosophical Institute a scheme for a Museum, towards which he offered the sum of £1000, stipulating that the Museum should be open on Sunday afternoons. The reception of this most generous offer Avas not encouragine:, and after some time he withdrew it. He retained a fair share of bodily health and strength to within a very short period of his death, travelling long distances to supply occasional help in parishes distant from his own home, even at the age of 86. He died at Napier, 10th February last. Colenso was elected a Fellow of the Eoyal Society in 18S6 for Ids services to botanic science, whilst his connection with our own Society was, as noted above, continued for 34 years, S'r Douglas Galtow, K.C.B., P.'R.S., was born in 1822, educated at Eugbv and the Koyal Military Academy, after- wards obtaining his commission in the Royal Engineers while only 18 years of age, under circumstances of exceptional distinction. He soon afterwards (in 1847) entered upon a successful series of public engagements, which rapidly made him famous in engineering circles and as a sanitarian, and in all the great sanitary undertakings of the last 40 years or more his name and authority have been conspicuous. Beginning public life as Secretary to the Commission upon the application of iron to railway-structures, he became an Inspector of Railways and Secretary of the Railway Department of the Board of Trade ; and after resigning this he continued to do good work in railway experimentation. His fame finds a lasting record in the annals of Sub-marine Telegraphy and in that of Fortress Con- struction. He became in 1862 Assistant Under-Secretary of State for War ; and on his retirement from that office, he was appointed Director of Works and Public Buildings in H.M. Office of Works. While thus and by his scientific papers he was distinguished as an expert, he for a period of 25 years held the onerous office of General Secretary of the British Associa- tion, demanding talents of a wider order and great administrative skill. It was in this capacity that his many-sided sympathies with science and culture were most evident; and the success of tiie Association's labours during his period of office render his memory dear to all scieutitic men. On his retirement from the Secretarial office, he was made President of the Association for its Ipswich Meeting (1895). As an inventor he was original, as a sanitarian he was both successful and popular, a leading mover at the Sanitary Institute and the Parkes Museum. He was in 1850 elected au Hon. Member of the lu-stitution of Civil Engineers, and in 1859 a Fellow of the Royal Society, and LI.\>'EAX SOCIETT OF LO'DOX. 53 he was the recipient of the Hod. D.C.L. of Oxford and t!ie LL.D. of Durham and Montreal. Gralton was of a kindly and genial dispor-ition, liberal-minded, and fully appreciative of good work in all departments of science. He was elected a Fellow of the Liunean Society, 2nd Pebruary, 1865. JoHAX jMaetix Ciiristia:s" LA^-aE was born in 1818, but par- ticulars of his early life have not been procurable. He produced his ' Haandbog i den dauske Flora ' in 1851, the Itli ed. of which was publi>hed in 1886-88; it became the popular Danish Flora, and displayed true critical insight ot the plants themselves. He drew up a list of G-reenland plants for Emk's ' Grcinland,' 1857, which was reprinted as a separate work in the same year. A visit to Spain in 1851-52 resulted, first in his ' Pugillus plantaram im- primis hispauicarum,' 4 fasciculi of which came out in 1860-65 ; second, his ' Descriptio icouibus illustrata . . . praecipue e Flora hispanica,' 3 fat^ciculi, 1864-66, in folio ; and lastly, in his association with Moritz Willkomm, for their well-known and A-aluable ' Prodromus Florae Hispanica?,' in 3 volumes, Stuttgart, 1861-80. For a long series of years he edited an annual seed-list of the Copenhagen Grarden as Director, with occasional descriptions of iiLW plants. He became editor of and completed the ' Icones Danicfe Florae,' which had bten begun by Oeder in 1761, and ended with the 51st fasciculus, followed by 3 supplements in 1883. This was succeeded by his ' iS^omenclator Florae Danicae,' a triple index to the whole, with a reduction of the names to modern nomenclature and critical notes, 1887, 4to. He con- tributed to the ' Meddelelser om G-ronland' a 'Conspectus' of the Flora, in two parts, issued in 1880-87. The last work noted by us as from his pen was a revision of the genus Cratasqus, issued as late as 1897. He died at Copenhagen, 3rd April, 1898, aged 80. His election as a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society dates from 3rd May, 1883. CiiAELES i^AUDix was bom at Autun, 14th August, 1815, and died on 19th March, 1899, at Antibes. His hrsc published work was his thesis ' Etude sur la vegetation des Solanees,' 1842, a quarto of sixteen pages ; but the work by wliich he became known more widely was iiis revision of tie Melastomaceae in the Paris Museum, which came out in successive volumes of the ' Annates des Sciences Naturelles,' tiom 1849-1853, and was reprinted from that journal as a thick octavo. During the tenure of his post ac the Museum he worked at the study of hybridization, and gave much time to the order of Cucur- bitaceaj ; it is stated that 1200 plants were experimented upon by bim during these researches. A popular work by him in 2 vols. appeared m 1867, entitled 'Les plautcs a feudlage coloriee ' ; and, iu conjunction with his friend Joseph Decaisue, he elaborated t^ PHOCEEDINGS OF THE one of the most useful cultural treatises ever penned, the 'Manuel de I'amateur des jardins,' 1862-72, in 4 volumes, some portion of which was adapted to English needs by Mr. W. B. Hemsley in 1873. About 1872 he relinquished his post at the Jardin des Plantes, and settled at Collioure in the Eastern Pyrenees. Here, in a suitable climate, he was able to continue his experiments, and w iden the cultivation of some plants of recent introduction or of economic value. After the death of Gustave Thuret in 1875, the Villa Thuret with its wonderful garden was presented to the French nation by his representatives. Thenceforw^ard this garden was worked as an adjunct to the Paris Garden, and the care of it committed to Naudin, than whom no more competent person could have been selected. He threw himself into the work with characteristic ze;il and energy, and opened up communications especially with Algeria and with Sir E. von Mueller. To the latter he was indebted for his plan of the ' Manuel de I'Acclimateur,' which is avowedly based on the ' Select Extra-Tropical Plants ' of the Australian phytographer. Deafness from 1848 onwards w^as a bar to Naudin's free intercourse with the worlds of botany or gardeniug ; in our 'Proceedings' for 1887-1889, p. 95, will be found an allusion to a discussion with Planthon in Paris, when Naudin's disuse of his ear-trumpet was employed to discomfit his antagonist. His connection with our Society extended over nearly thirty years, he having been elected Foreign Member on 5th May, 1870. Henet Alleyne Nicholson, son of John Nicholson, a distin- guished Oriental scholar, was born at Penrith in 1844, and educated at Appleby Grammar School and the University of Gottiugen. In 1862 he entt-red the Medical Srhool of the Edinburgh University, and during the six years which followed he was prominent as a student, taking first-class honours in all subjects, the award of the University Gold Medal and the Baxter Scholarship ; while in 1869, after he had graduated as Bachelor of Medicine and of Science and Master of Surgery, and had taken the D.Sc, he prcceeded to his M.p., and was awarded the Ettles Scholarship, as the most distinguished student in Medicine of his year. Nicholson commenced active life as a medical practitioner, but that occupation was early given up ia preference for natural history pursuits. After a shtrt period as Lecturer on Natural History in the Extramural School of Medicine at Edinburgh, he was in 1871 appointed to the Professorship of that subject in the Q'oronto University. Three ytars later he was appointed to the Chair of Comparative Anatomy and Zoology in theEoyal College of Science for Ireland, but before he could reach the Irish capital he was ofiered the Professorship of Biology m the Durham College of Physical Science and Medicine. This he LINKEAX SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 55 held for two years, after which he accepted the Chair of Natural History in the University of St. Andrews. During the seven years which witnessed these rapid migrations, Nicholson worked unceasingly and laid down the lines of his later and fuller achievements. His prize essay ' On the Geology of Cuniherland and Westmoreland,' followed in due course by masterly Reports oa the Pauua dredged up in Lake Ontario, and on the Silurian and Devonian Rocks of that Province, had placed him in the front rank of contemporary palaeontologists and field- geologists ; and, as though ths were insufficient, we find him while still in Toronto producing the first edition of his ' Manual of Palseontulogy,' and the first part of his 'Munograph of the British G-raptolites.' While at St. Andrews Nicholson effected a thorough re- organization of the academic courses entrusted to his charge, and, as was his wont, he sought opportunity to extend his sphere of influence, devoting his spare time to the extension of University teaching to Dundee. Throughout his seven years' tenure of the St. Andrews Chair, he worked most energetically at the educa- tional aspects of his science, and he at the same time exhibited an even more astounding activity as an investigator than before. Apart from his minor papers, which were numerous, he during this period produced a couple of large memoirs, on the ' Tabulate Corals of the Palaeozoic Period,' and on the ' Structure and Affinities of the Genus 3Io7ificuIipo}'a and its Subgenera,' and, in collabora- tion with Mr. H. Etheridge, Jun., an equally important woik on the ' Silurian Fossils of the Girvan District in Ayrshire,' reliev- ing the monotony with fresh editions of his Text-books, and a popular work entitled ' The Ancient Life-history of the Earth.' During the Sessions 1878 to 1881 Nicholson acted as locum tenens for Sir Wyville Thomson, then incapacitated by ill-health, and delivered Natural History Courses in the Edinburgh Un'- versity. He later became a candidate for the Chair itself, without success, and in 1882, on the appointment of Pr^ifessor Cossar Ewarfc to the same, he was made Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Aberdeen, holding the office till death. Under his charge the department flourished and did exceeding well, if only that it produced the present Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Dr. A. Alcock, whose 'Investigator' Reports rank foremost among post-Challeugerian work in tlie Marine Zoology of the Old World. But Nicholson, compelled by the restrictions of the new ordinances to devote his euergies to immediate reform in the class-room and the organization of a Laboratory Course, for a time relinquished his activity as an original investigator. This notwithstanding, he continued to re-edit his Manuals, and although the first edition of that on Zoology was notoriously deficient, it is greatly to the credit of its author that, undaunted by hostile criticism, he should have made the later editions worthy the confidence and support of the most exacting of teachers. The appointment to the Aberdeen Chair gave him the chance of 56 rEOCKEDI>"'GS OF THE revi^incr his method of trefitmeu^, with the result that tho seventh edition of his ' Manual of Zoology ' completely retrieved his reputation as a writer of Text-books. By temperament Nicholson was a lovable man. Keen, humour- ous,*sympathetie, lie knew no selfish desires, and his trust in his fellows found ample expression in his life's w-ork. The Stromato- porids, the Graptolites, and other problematical organisms buried in the rocks, together with the Fossil Corals, will always be associated with Kicholson's name ; and in the great work upon them which he leaves as his scientific heritage, we find him asso- ciated with Etheridge, Foord, Harkness, Lapworth, Marr, Morris, and Murie, sterling workers all. Nor must we omit mention of the 3rd edition of his 'Manual of Palaeontology,' w^ritten in conjunction with Mr. E. Lydekker, the Invertebrate volume of which, from Nicholson's own pen, is the most complete general treatise on the subject in the English language. As a worker of the ' old school ' he did well in his own way, and his record will outlive that of many of ihe naturalists of the younger generation, to whom his methods were antiquated. As a lecturer fluei.t and expressive to fascination, as a worker in the field persistent and far-sighted, as a wiiter prolific and entertaining, Nicholson has left us a good example. His kind- ness and human symj^athy had no bounds, and to those who knew him personally he will be remembered as a genial and honourable man, desperately earnest in his love of work and devotion to his chosen field, in sympathy with the strong, tolerant to the ^^eak. In later years his leaning towards Geology and Palccontology became more and more predominant, Zoology pure and simple falling from his grasp, the University-Assistant in that subject having been, during the later portion of his career, granted the status of a Lecturer. He was a Fellow of the Geo- logical Society, whose Lyell Fund and Medal he r^ ceived, and of the Eoyal Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Liuneaa Society, 6th April, 1876. EuGE>rE Feedehick ArorsTTTS Obach, as he wrote his name for our List of Fellows, was born at Stuttgart in April 1852, of S^isa parents, his father being an artist. He was educated at the Eeal and Polyteknik Schools of his native town, in 1873 con- tinuing his studies at Leipzig, where he obtained his doctor's degree.- In 1875 he entered the house of Siemens & Halske at Charlottenberg, near Berlin, and the following year came to this country to take up a post with Siemens Brothers at their Tele- graph Cable Works at Woolwich. In 1879 he went with an expedition in the ss. ' Faraday ' to lay a trans-Atlantic cable ; on his return he devoted himself to the study of the chemistry of gutta-perciia and india-rubber, together with the plants which produce those substances. He delivered a series of Cantor Lectures on this subject before the Society of Arts in 1898, in which year, on 2nd June, he was elected into our Society. He died at Graz in Styria, on 27th Dtcember, 1898, after "a long LiyXEAN SOCIETT OF LUTfDOX. 57 illness, so that his connection with the Linnean Society lasted les*s than seven months. Charles Nathaniel Peal was born and broui^htup in London. Settling in Ealing in 1867, he became intimately associated with several ardt nt microscopists then living there, particularly the late Gr. D. Brown, M.E..C.S., F.L.S., and took up enthusiastically the study of P.dyzoa and Diatotnacese, beginning also the forma- tion of a general collection of invertebrate zoology, which in course of time became very extensive. He was a Fellow of the Koyal Microscopical Society, a Member of the Quekett Club, and assisted in founding the Ealing Natural History and Microscopical Club in 1877, on the lines of the last-named association. He became its first Treasurer, and continued to hold that post until his death, always taking ihe greatest interest in its welfare. In 1888 he printed for private circulation ' Polyzoa (Bryozoa) — Index to the Plates, Figures, and Descrip- tions contained in the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 1853 to 1879 ; Monthly Microscopical Journal, 1869 to 1877 ; and Journal and Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, from the commencement to the end of 1887.' Of an extremely generous nature, nothing gave him greater pleasure than to be helping others, and his unobtrusive kindness will be long remem- bered by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. He died on i*nd Sept., 1898, at the age of 66. He was elected a Fellow of the I^iunean Society on June 21, 1888. Sir "William Roberts, whose decease in his 70th year occurred on Sunday, April 16th, at his London residence, 8 Manchester Square, was a man much honoured and respected in the Medical profession, which lie was ever wont to support, and in which many who were devotees have been the better by his sound judgment and knowledge of men and affjiirs. He was born in Anglesey in 1830, and educated at Mill Hill School and University College, Londt n, where he came under the iniiuence of Sharpey, Quain, and Erichsen. He graduated B.A. Lend, in 1851, and in 1853 becau'e a Member of the E. College (jf Surgeons, the M.B. and M.D. of London following in rapid succession. He meanwhile studied on the Continent, and on his return in 185-1 was appointed House-Surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary, very soon to be made lull Physician to the same Institution and Lecturer on Anatomy and Physiology to the Eoyal School of Medicine, with which he remained associated for some time after its union with the Owens College, becoming in due course the fiist Professor of Medicine in Victoria University. He was a Fellow of the E. College of Physicians, and delivered in succession the Gulstonian and Lumleian Lectures ; while in 1892 he delivered the Crooniau Lecture before the Royal Society. These lectures, embodying the accumulated observations of years, rich in both their experi- mental and philosophic aspects and in their applicability to the 58 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE requirements of practical medicine, together with his scientific papers, will remain a lasting heritage to students of experimental physiology and medical men ; but his mind was active in other directions, as was proved by his selection of the theme of 'Science and Modern Civilization' for his Harveian oration delivered as late as 1897. As a literary man he contributed articles to Eeynolds's and to AUbutt's ' System of Medicine,' and to ' Quain's Dictionary.' As an author Sir W. Roberts is famous by his well-known ' Practical Treatise on Urinary and lienal Diseases ' ; and in the ordinary walks of life he was manly and sincere, and ready of wit. In the field of pure biology, he will behest remembered as one of the most ardent among the English investigators who, fired by the classical researches of Pasteur, in the early seventies entered the field of experimental bacteriology, and his " Studies of Biogenesis," published in the ' Philosophical Transactions' for 1874, contains records of novel observations and methods which awakened the ingenuity of a Tyndall, among those at the time engrossed in the mighty deeds of the great Prenchman. He followed up the line of this work in an Address to the British Association in 1877, while in 1895 he was President of its Section of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. lie received the Cameron Prize in 1879, two years alter his election as a Pellow of the Eoyal Society. Medals had fallen to his lot during his student career in the University of London, and he was in 1892 appointed a Fellow of that Institution, becoming a Member, and afterwards Chairman of its Brown Institution Committee, which post he retained until 1898. He represented the University of Loudon on the General Medical Council, and was appointed a Member of the London University Statutory Commission. He was also a Member of the Opium Commission which visited India in 1893; and in these responsible vocations, as in all others, he by Lis amiability of disposition, combined with strong ibrce of character, earned the affectionate regard and implicit confidence of all with whom he came into contact. Grout, dyspepsia, dirt, were the foremost enemies of mankind with which he <\aged warfire. He triumphed over each, and for this, if for nought else, we revere his memory. Sir AV. Eoberts was elected a Pellow of the Linnean Society on 17th December, 1896. Thomas Eogees, of West Dulwich, was the eldest son of Joseph Eogers, of Nottingham, where he was born 15th April, 1820. On 9th November, 1843, he came to London, a young man of 28, and within three years, on 11th August, 1846, married Emma Ashwell, who predeceased him a few years ago. In business he was a partner of Eogers, Black & Co., hosiery manufacturers, with premises in Nottingham and a wholesale house in London, which was managed by our late Fellow. After a successful business career, he retired about 1887, finding plenty LTX>'EAy SOCIEXr OF LO>'DO>'. 59 to interest bim in the varied pursuits which lie cultirated in the intervals of business. He died suddenly in the forenoon of 29th December, 1898, being found dead in his chair, from failure of the heart, and was buried at Norwood Cemetery. Mr. Eogers was an accomplished man in many ways, especially in music. He possessed a light tenor voice of exceptional range and beautiful quality, which had been sedulously trained from his youth, and preserved till the last. Both in private life and on the concert platform he was a great favourite, and his services were always in request for charity concerts and similar occasions. At one time he was accustomed to lecture on musical matters, his chief lecture being on ' The Poetry of Gay, and the Music of his time,' in which he played the double part of lecturer and illustrator, the musical selections being drawn from ' The Beggar's Opera.' Before the writer became acquainted with him, now nearly thirty years ago, Mr. Rogers gave some of his leisure to painting in oil-colours, but that seems to have been abandoned in favour of work done with the microscope. He was constantly to be found on the excursions organized by the Quekett Club for field-work, which Club he joined on 26th October, 1866 ; he was also a Pellow of the Eoyal Micro- scopical Society (7th 31ay, 1873), and his connection with our Societv dates from 19th February, 1874 ; of non-scientific associa- tions, he was a liveryman of the Broderers' Company. It is of singular and pathetic interest that the last time he sang, which was on the evening before his death, he chose 'The Eiver of Tears ' for his song, the verses of which end with "We must be ready to meet the tide, Sunshine is fair on the other side." A man of charming manners, and an admirable narrator, he passed the years of his retirement from business in the midst of his family, whom he delighted to gather round him one evening in every week ; he retained his faculties to the last, only complaining of occasional rheumatism. He constantly attended our Anni- versary meetings, and at the last he was one of the Scrutineers ; but he was rarely seen at our evening meetings. As regards his scientific position, it may be summed up as being that of the type of cultivated amateur, serving as an intermediary between tbe professed naturalist and the general public. OsBEET Salvia was born at Elmshurst, Pinchley, on February 2otb, 1835, and by bis death, which occurred at his house at Hawksfold, Ha«lemere, on June 1st, 1898, the Liunean Society has lost a good friend, whose place it will be difficult to fill, so eagerly did he enter into its aftairs. Second son of the late Mr. Anthony Salvin, the architect, he was educated at Finchley and at Westminster School, and in 1853 entered Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he soon distinguished himself, graduating as Senior Optime in 1857. Salvin early developed a taste for natural history, Zoology and Geology being his favourite 6o PEOCEEDIKGS OF THE Vranclies, with a specinl leaning towards the study of bird and insect life. He was fond of sport and exercise, an oarsman of his time, and an expert carpenter, which latter qualification he later turned to account, by the making of cabinets for his entomo- logical collections to a novel design of his own, which has been adopted elsewhere. Indeed, so strong was his constructive skill, that, with an elder brother, he built two small steamers which were bought for use on the rivers of India. On leaving Cambridge, Salvin joined Mr. (now Canon) Tristram in the exploration of the NaturalHistory of Tunis and E. Algeria ; and soon after his return he (in 1857) accompanied Skinner, the famous Orchid collector, on a journey to Central America. ^ A second trip to the same country was undertaken in the following year, and, returning to England in 1860, he set out in the autumn of 1861 tor the land destined to become the scene of his life's work. This time he was accompanied by his old College friend, E. Du Cane Godman ; and it was on the memorable tour ending in January I860 that there was formed the nucleus of the collections which tlirough the ' Biologia Centrali-Americana ' have rendered the names of Grodman and Salvin talismanicin Zoological circles, and have raised unto them a monument worthy the best traditions of English explorers and men of science. Nor have the botanical and archaeological aspects of this magnificent undertaking been neglected. Salvin's love of birds and insects increased with years, and his earliest papers show him to have been a keen observer from the start, a ji^enuine enthusiast. As a collector he was unsurpassed. Physical endurance and mental strain were no deterrents to his enterprise, could he but extend the sum of knowledge. Altogether delightful in person, noble and high-minded, be was conspicuous by nothing more than his sympathy with the younger generation of naturalists. To some of these his example and advice have decided the turning-point in a career, and to those with whom be was most intimate his memory will be venerated as that of a true friend and a trusty guide. In 1874 Salvin accepted the newly -formed Strickland Curator- ship of Ornithology in the University of Cambridge, which office he held until his retirement into private lite some tight years later. As a writer he was painstakingly accurate, though voluminous, his published papers extending over a period of 42 years (1856- 1898). Of these a number were published in co-operation with Mr. Godman, and a stili larger series with Dr. P. L. Sclater, with whom he shares the honour of authority on South and Central American Ornithology. The ' Exotic Ornithology ' and the ' Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium ' of these two authors rank foremoijt among standard works of their kind, and the entomo- logical writings of Godman and Salvin are nothing short of monumental; while to have provided the material for the 'Biologia' and inspired the working-out of so vast and marvellous a collec- tion, is to have advai-ced Zoology in an altogether exemplary LiyyEAX SOCIETi- OF LOXDOX. 6l manner and to have laid the foundations of a tisk of alrmst illimitable extent, the unravellino; of which must be a work of generations. "Wliile for this Salvin's memory will be for ever dear to all English-speaking zoologists, he will be remembered in Ornithological circles as ooe of the founders of ' The Ibis ' and editor ot" its third series. His two volumes on the Trochilidae and Procellariidae of the British Museum Catalogue of Birds, and his ' Catalogue of the Strickland Collection of Birds in the Cambridge Museum ' will continue standard w^orks of reference, a lasting testimony to his zeal and accuracy of observariou. Among his last acts was the completion and arrangement of the late Lord Lilf )rd's 'Coloured Figures of British Birds.' As author, editor, friend, he was equally and at all times reliable. Salvin was a Pellow of the Boyal, Zoological, and Entomo- logical Societies, and he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean on 21st January, 1S64. In 1897 his old Colleo;e elected him an Honorary Fellow. With whatever body he became associated his personality gained him an immediate popularity, rapidly developing into tinist and appointment to office of responsibility. His death was due to a heart trouble, which for years necessi- tated the greatest caution in his movements. He continued patient, ever ready to help in the work he loved. He led a good lite, and has set us a noble example of enterprise and disinterested enthusiasm in the cause of scientific advancement. John Tax Vooest. — In the death of John Van Voorst on July 24th, lb98, at the advanced age of 94, there has passed away an earnest benefactor to biological literature and an enthusiastic admirer of all that is beautiful and instructive in i*^ature — a man whose name will be gratefully remembered by the present generation of British naturalists as that of the pioneer publisher of the books of their youth. Van Voorst was of Dutch descent, his family having settled for several generations in England. After an apprenticeship to one Eichard XieholU of Wakefield and an exjjerieuce of years in the employ of Messrs. Longman, he started business on h s own account in 1835. Commencing with admirably illustrated editions of Grra\^ and Goldsmith, he s )on espoused the cause which made him famous, namely, that of doing siuiilar justice to the Natural History literature of his time. Tarrell's ' British Fishes ' and ' British Birds,' Bell's ' British Quadrupeds ' and ' Eeptiles,' Hewitsoa's ' Eggs of British Birds,' Knox's ' Ornithological E-ambles in Sussex' and ' Game Birds and Wild Fowl,' maybe mentioned as works which rapidly and deservedly made him famous among working naturalists; while others of a less pretentious order, such as the popular treatises on the ' Earthworm and Housefly ' and the ' Honey Bee ' by Samuelson and Hicks, in due course brought him favour with the larger public. And when to these there are added the ' Actinologia Britannica,' the ' Naturalist's Gambles,' and other well-kuowu zoological works by Gosse, and, on the 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE bolanical side, the ' Forest Trees ' by Selby, the debt of gratitude to Van Voorst's memory becomes great indeed. Nor must it be forgotten that be was the publisher of ' The Ibis ' from 1865. The most active period of his life was passed among men of whom many were profound philosophers and competent artisis, and at a time when biological work was done more leisurely than now. These persons fouud in him a sympathetic friend not above taking a risk in the cause of science, and to his personal interest in scientific occupations there have been due the adequate presentation of not a few Zoologici.il and Botanical works in the English tongue now classical. He retired from active business life in 1886, but to the last his interest in the younger generation of naturalists was maintained. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on March 15th, 1853. Throughout his long association with it he evinced a genuine interest in its concerns and social life, which endeared him to all its Fellows with whom he came in contact. The cast of a bust of John E.ay and. the medallion of William Tarrell, with which he 40 years ago enriched the Society's Collections, remain as permanent tokens of his goodwill. June 1st, 1899. Dr. Albeet C. L. G-. Gunthee, F.li.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Eobert Ashington Bullen, Hugh de Beauvoir de Havilland, Leonard Goodhart Sutton, and Ernest Euthven Sjkes were elected ; and Messrs. Eobert Brooks Popham and George Sharp Saunders were admitted Fellows of the Society. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.E.S., F.L.S., exhibited a selection of High-level Plants from the collections formerly made by Sir Joseph Hooker, Dr. Thomson, General Sir E, Straehey, and more recently by Capt. Wellby, Mr. and Mrs, Littledale, and Mr. Arnold Pike in iSTorthern India, Tibet, and Mongolia, many of them from altitudes of 18,000 to 19,200 feet. A selection was also shown from the collections made in the Andes by Sir Martin Conway, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Gosse, and Mr. Whymper, at various altitudes up to 18,500 feet. The principal points referred to were the small size of many of the plants, the pro- tective woolly covering of others, and the general preponderance of the natural order Compositai. On behalf of Mr. Eupert Vallentin, F.L.S., Mr. J. E. Harting exhibited lantern-slides of the so-called " Sea-Elephant " {Macro- rhinus eleplwntinus), prepared from photographs taken in February last by Mr. Vallentin in the Falkland Islands. After IINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 6;^ briefly tracing the distribution of this hu^e Seal on various Antarctic and Subtropical islauds, Mr. Vallentin's notes on a specimen killed in Stanley Harbour were read. This specimen measured 18 ft. 11 in., from the end of the trunk to a straight lice between the two hinder extremities ; the trunk, produced by the inflation of a loose tubular sac of skin above the nostril-', is present only in the male, aud measures, whea fully extended, 12 inches from the gape. IS'o fresh facts were made known concerning the nature of the food of this animal, described by some writers as herbivorous like the Manatee, by others as feeding on moUusca a:id Crustacea like the Walrus. In this case the stomach was empty, with tne exception of a large number of Nematode w^orms, specimens of which were exhibited. A discussion followed, iu which Messrs. H. J. Elwes, Eoland Trimen, W. M. Webb, aud the President; took part. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on some living specimens of the Bank Vole, Microtus glareolus, recently obtained by Mr. Eobert Drane, E.L.S., on Skomer Island, Pembrokeshire. Mr. A. W. Bennett, E.L.S., exhibited and described a remark- able Alga from Scotland {Lyngbya sp. ?) possessing a soluble pigment producing a beautiful fluorescent solution. The President exhibited photographs of four out of eight Gigantic Tortoises originally brought from Aldabra Is,, and now living in the grounds of Groveriiment House, Seychelles, and communicated a report on the subject of the present distribu- tion of the species, addressed to the lit. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., by the Administrator of the Seychelles. The following papers were read : — 1. " On some Australasian CoUembola." By Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., E.L.S. 2. " On some Caryophyllaceae from Sze-chuen, with a Note on the recent Botanical Exploration of that Province." By E. N. Williitms, E.L.S. 3. " On the Characters of the Crustacean genus Bathynellay By W. T. Caiman, B.Sc. (Communicated by Prof. D'Arcy \Sf. Thompson, E.L.S.) June 15th, 1899. Dr. Albeet C. L. G. Gtotheb, E.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Alfred Eussell Eox was elected, and the following were 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LlNIfEAN SOCIETY. admitted Fellows of the Society : — Prof. Marcus Hartog, and Messrs. Harold Fergusson, Leonard Gr. Sutton, Ernest E. Sykes, and Harold W. T. "Wager. The President exhibited a living specimen of a Tree-Prog {Vohj fed cites qi(adrilineatus) wliich was introduced accidentally into Kew Gardens with a cousignment of plants from Singapore. This is not the first instance of accidental introduction of a tropical frog into the Eoyal Gardens, Kew. Some five years ago a species of Hylodes, from Dominica, appeared in some numbers in several of the propagating-hoases, and has evidently reproduced its species since arrival. Mr. W. Whitwell, P.L.S., exhibited :— (1) The only known Britishi sppcimen of Botrycliium matricaricefolium, A. Braiin. [Por description see the ' Journal of Botany,' xxxvi. (1898) pp. 291-297.] (2) An undescribed variety of Asplenwm Itida-muraria, Linn. [A note on this was published subsequent to the exhibition, in the same Journal, xxxvii. (1899) p. 361. J (3) A specimen of Eye with two ears on the same stalk, gathered at Ower, Eomsey, Hants. The terminal ear is normal, and the smaller supplementary ear springs from the uppermost node, eight inches below, with a stalk of one inch in length. The usual ligule is present, but unusually broad, clasps the stalk of the supplementary ear, and partially that of the main ear. Exa- mination of the node shows that the phenomenon is nut due to fasciation. No similar instance appears to have been recorded. The ft llowing papers were read: — 1. " Contributions to the Natural History of Lake Urmi and its Neighbourhood." By E. T. Giinther, M.A. (Communicated by the President.) 2. " A Systematic Ee vision of the Genus Najas." By Dr. A. B. Eendle, P.L.S. 3. " On the Anatomy and Systematic Position of certain Slugs." By W. E. Collinge, P.Z.S. ' (Communicated by Prof. T. W. Bridge, M.A., P.L.S.) 4. " On the Edwardsia-stage of Lehrunia, and the Pormation of the Oesophagus and Gastro-Coelomic Cavity." By J. E. Duerden, A.E.C.Sci. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) 5. " The Malvaceae of the Bombay Presidency." By Dr. Theodore Cooke, P.L.S. ADDITIONS AND DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY. 1898-99. Agardh (JacoT) Georg). Species, Genera, et Ordines Algarum. Vol. III. Pars 3. Pp.239. Syo. Lundce, 1S9S. Author. Albert Honore Charles (Prince de Moiuico). Premiere Campagae de la Priucesse- Alice 11". (Compt. Eend. cxxviii.) Pp. 4. 4to. Paris, 1899. Author. Exploration ocean ographique aux Ee'gious polaires. Pp. 12. (Bull. Mas. d'Hist. nat. 1899.) Author. Alcock (Alfred William). An Account of the Deep-Sea Madre- poraria collected by the Eojal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Pp. 29 ; plates 3. 4to. Calcutta, 1898. Author. A Summary of the Deep-Sea Zoological "Work of the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator, from 1884 to 1897. Pp. 48. (Scientific Memoirs by Medical Officers of the Army of India, Part xi.) 4to. Calcutta, 1899. Author. Allen (Charles Grant Blairfield). Flashlights on Nature. With 150 Illustrations by Fkedeeick Ekock. 8vo. London, 1899. F. Enock. Aloi (Antonio). Eelazioni esistenti tra la traspirazione delle piante terrestri ed il movimento delle cellule stomatiche. Pp. 98 ; tavolo 1. 8vo. Catania, 1891. Ameghino (Florentino). Premiere Notice sur le Neomylodon Listai un representant vivant des anciens Edentes Gi-ravigrades fossHes de FArgentine. Pp. 8. 8vo. La Plata, 1898. Author. Anderson (John). Zoology of Egypt. VoL I. Eeptilia and Ba- trachia. Pp. Ixv, 371 ; plates 50. 4to. Londxin, 1898. Author. Arcangeli (Giovanni). See Caruel (Teodoro), In Memoria. Archiv flir Entwickelungsmechanik der Organismen. Heraus- gegeben von WilSelm Eorx. Band 1-8. 8vo. Leipzig, 1894-99. Audubon (Maria R.). Audubon and his Journals. With Zoo- logical and other Notes by Elliott Coues. 2 vols. Vol. I., pp. X, 532. Vol. II., pp. viii, 554. 8vo. London, 1898. LINN. SOC. PEOCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1898-99. / 66 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Bailey (Frederick Manson). Contributions to the Elora of Queensland. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. iii., iv. pts. 3, 4, pp. 195, 284-285.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1898-99. Contributions to the Flora of Queensland and New Guinea, and Plants reputed Poisonous to Stock. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. iii., iv. pt. 1, pp. 47-49.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1898-99. Contributions to the Plora of New Guinea. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. iii.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1898. — Edible Fruits indigenous to Queensland. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. ii.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1898. Economic Botany. Job's Tears (Coix Lacliryma-Jobi) — A useful Fodder. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. iv. pt. 3.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1899. Author. Baker (John Gilbert). Handbook of the Fern- Allies : A Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Natural Orders Equisetaceae, Lycopodiacese, Selaginellacese, Ehizocarpese. Pp. 159. 8vo. London, 1887* Baker (John Gilbert) and Tate (George Ralph), A new Flora of Northumberland and Durham, with Sketches of its Climate and Physical Geography, with a Map. With a Sketch of the Geology of the two Counties, and a Map, by George Tate. Pp. 316. (Nat. Hist. Trans. Northimib. & Durham, vol. ii.) 8vo. London ^' Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1868. Bangalore. Government Botanical Gardens. Eeports. By J. Camebon. With the Dewan's Review thereon, 1890. fol. Bangalore, 1892. Barboza du Bocage (Jose Vicente) . Herpetologie d'Angolaetdu Congo. Pp. 203 ; plates 19. Roy. 8vo. Lisbonne, 1895. Bateson (William). Materials for the Study of Variation, treated with especial regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species. Pp. 598. 8vo. London, 1894. Beadnell (C. Marsh). On the DecHne of Scurvy Afloat. Being a paper read before the Hongkong Branch of the British Medical Association, February 1899. Pp. 16. 8vo. Honghong, 1899. Author. Beecher (Charles E.). Obituary of Othniel Cha.eles Maesh. Pp. 28. (Amer. Journ. Sci. 4 ser. vii.) 8vo. Neiv Haven, 1899. Author. Beesley (Thomas). A Memoir of. See Woodward (Horace B.). Beitrage zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. Auf Initiative der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft und auf Kosten der Eidgenossenschaft. Herausgegeben von einer Kommission der Schweiz. Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Band l-> 8vo. Bern, 1898^ Band I. Heft 1. Fischer (Eduard). Entwictlungsgeschichtlichto Untersuchungen iiber Eostpilze. Pp. s, 120 ; Tafeln 2. 1898. Bergens Museum. Eeport on Norwegian Marine Investigations, 1895-97. By JoHAif H.tobt, O. Noedgaaed, and H. H. Gkan. fol. Berqen, 1899, LTIWEAN SOCIETY OP LO>'DON. 6f Serlin. Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Generali-edakteur : Feaxz Eilh.ied Schulze. 8ro. Berlin, 1899, Liefg. 5. Protozoa. Sporozoa par Alphonse Labbe. 1899. „ 6. Crustacea. Eedakteur : Wilhelm Giesbrecht. Copepoda. — I. Gymnoplea, von Wilhelm Giesbkecht und Otto Schmeil. 1898. „ 7. Acarina. Demodicidae und Sarcoptidie, tou Giovanui Canestrixi und Paul Kramer. 1899. „ 8. Aracbnoidea. Scorpiones und Pedipalpi, von Karl Keae- PELIN. 1899. Berthold (Gottfried D. W.). TJntersuchungen zur Phvsiologie der pflanzlichen Organisation. Teil I. Pp. 242 ; Tafel 1. Svo. Leipzig, 1898. Betche (E.). IS'otes from the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. See Maiden (J. H.). Bibliographie Anatomique. Eevue des Travaux en Langue .V francaise. Anatomie — Histologie — Embryologie — Anthropo- logie. Sous la direction de M. Adolphe Nicolas. Tom. 1-7. 8vo. Paris Sf Nancy, 1893-99. Bibliotheca Botanica (cor.timied). Baud VIII. Heft 4.5. Darbishire (Otto Veenon). Monographia Eoccel- leorum. Ein Beitrag zur Flecbtensystematik. 1898. „ „ 46. MixDEX (Max vox). Beitrage zur anatomischen und physiologiscben Kenntnis Wasser-secernierender Organe. 1899. „ „ 47. Kxocii (Eduard). CFntersuchungen iiber die Mor- phologie, Biologie, und Phvsiologie der Bliite von Victoria rcgia. 1899. „ „ 48. FiscH (Erxst). Beitrage zur Bliitenbiologie. 1899. „ „ 49. Heydrich (F.). TJeber die weiblicben Conceptakeln von Sporolithon. 1S99. Bibliotheca Zoologica {continued). Band X. Heft 20. Liefg. 4, VIII. Eubsaamex (Ewald H.). Gronland- isebe Mvcetopbiliden, Sciariden, Cecidomyiden, Psylliden/Apbiden und Gallen. 1898. IX. MiCHAELSEN (Wilhelm). Gponlandiscbe Anneli- den. 1898. „ Heft 21. Nachtrag. Schmeil (Otto). Deutscblands freilebende Stisswasser-Copepoden. 1898. Pp. 14.5-188 : plates 13, U. „ Heft 25. Stoller (James H.). On the Organs of B^spiration of the Oniscida. 1899. Band XI. Heft 26. Wasmann (Erich S. J.). Die psychischen Fahigkeiten der Ameisen. 1899. ,, Heft 27. Pagexstecher (Arxold). Die Lepidopterenfauna des Bismark-Arehipels. Teil I. DieTagfalter. 1899. Bigeard (Rene) et Jacqnin (A.). Flore des Champignons supe- rieurs du Departement du Saone-et-Loire. Pp. Ixviii, 464; plates 4. 8vo. Chalon-sur-Saone, 1893. Bitter (Georg). TJeber maschenformige Durchbrecbungen der unteren Gewebeschicht oder des gesammten Thallus bei ver- scbiedehen Laub- und Strauchflecbten. Aiihang : Ueber die Korallin verzweigten Auswiicbse auf der Oberseite des Umhilicaria-ThdWus. See Schwendener (Simon), Botanische Untersuchungen : Festschrift. /•2 68 PEOCEBDIlfGS OF THE Blanco (Manuel). Plora de Filipinas, por el Manuel Biaistco, Adicionada con el Manuscrito inedito de Ignaoio Meecado las obras del Antokio Llanos de un apendice con todas las Nuevas iuvestigacioues Botanicas referentes al Archipelago Pilipino. Gran Edicion hecha a expensas de la Provincia de Agustinos Calzados de Filipinas bajo la Direccion Cientifica del Andres Naves. 4 a'oIs. fol. ili«n?7«, 1877-80. Council Eoy. Soc. Cluk Boerlage (Jacob G.)- Handleiding tot de kennis der flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Deel ii. Stuk. 2. Bicarpellatae. Svo. Leiden, 1899. Author. Bcettger (Oskar). Katalog der Eeptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellscbaft in Frank- furt-a.-Main. Teil I. Teil II. (Schlaugen). Svo. Frankfurt-a.-Main, 1898. Bolton (Henry Carrington). A Catalogue of Scientific and Technical Periodicals, 1665-1895, together with Chronological Tables and a Library Check-list. Second edition. Pp. vii, 1247. (Smiths. Miscell. Collect, xl.) Svo. Washington, 1897. Bolton (Herbert). Descriptions of New Species of Brachiopoda and Mollusca from the Millstone Grit and Lower Coal Measures of Lancashire. See Manchester — Owens College. The Nomenclature of the Seams of the Lancashire Lower Coal Measures. See Manchester — Owens College. The Palaeontology of the Manx Slates of the Isle of Man. See Manchester — Owens College. Bombay Presidency. Forest Department. Administration Eeports (including Sind), 1897-98. fol. Bombmj, 1898. Borzi (Antonino). See Palermo — Eeale Istituto Botanico di Palermo. Eoulger (George Simonds). Familiar Trees. 2 vols. Vol. I., pp. xvi, 160. Vol. II., pp. xvi, 168. Svo. London, 1885-88. Bourne (Gilbert C). On the Postembryonic Development of Fimgia. Pp. 34 ; plates 4. (Trans. Eov. Dublin Soc, 2 ser. v.) 4to. ^BiibUn, 1893. Author. Brady (Henry Bowman), Parker (William Kitchen), and Jones ( Thomas Eupert). On some Poraminif era from the Abrohlos Bank. Pp. 28 ; plates 8. (Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii.) 4to. London, 1888. Eraithwaite (Eobert). The British Moss-Flora. Part 19. Svo. London, 1899. Author. Eretschneider (Emil). History of European Botanical Discoveries in China. 2 vols. Pp. 1167. Eoy. 8vo. London, 1898. British Association for the Advancement of Science. Index to Eeports and Transactions, from 1831 to 1860. Svo. London, 1864. Index to Eeports and Transactions, from 1861 to 1890 in- clusive. Svo. London, 1893. LINKEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOJf. 60 British Association for the Advancement of Science. (Bristol). Eeport, 1S98. Svo. London, 1899. Council Brit. Assoc. British Museum. BlRBS. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Vol. XXVI. Catalogue of the Platalete, Herodiones, Steganopoies, Pygo- podes, Ale;T;, aud Impennes. Platale^ (Ibises and Spooabills) and Herodiones (Herons and Storks), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Stegauopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate-Birds, Tropical Birds, aud Pelicans), Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Anks),and Impennes (Penguins), by W. R. OGIL^^E-GRAXT. Pp. 687 ; plates 8. 1898. Plaxts. Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Priedrich Welwitsch in 1S53-G1. Dicotyledons, Part II. Combretaceae to Eubiace^. Part III. Dipsaceae to Scrophulariaceae. By WiLLi.vM Philip Hiekx. 8vo. London, 1898. Fossils. List of the Types and Figured Specimens of Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Xatural History). By Geobge Chaeles Crick. Pp. 103. 8vo. 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Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos. 12-20. 8vo. Port-of-Spain, 1897-99. J. H. Hart. Pottinger (Eldred) and Prain (David). A jN^ote on the Botany of the Kachin Hills north-east of Myitkyina. Pp. 96. (Eec. Bot. Surv. India, vol. i.) 8vo. Calcutta, 1898. Prain (David). A Note on the Botany of the Kachin Hills north- east of INIyitkyina. See Pottinger (Eldred). Prodronius Florae Batavae. See Nijniegen ; Nederlandsche Botanische Vereeniging. Purchas (William Henry) and Ley (Augustin). A Flora of Herefordshire. Pp. xxxvii, 549 ; plates 3 ; 1 map. 8vo. Hereford, 1889. Pycraft (William Plane). On some of the Main Features in the Evolution of the Bird's Wing. See Degen (Edward). Radde (Gustav). Grundziige der Pflanzen-verbreitang in den Kaukasuslaudern von der unteren AVolga iiber den Manytsch- Scheider bis zur Scheitelflache Hocharmeniens. Pp. sii, 500. (Engler & Drude : A''egetatiou d. Erde, iii.) Roy. 8vo. Leipzig, 1899. Ray Society. — Publications (cont.). 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(Tijdscto. voor Ent., Suppl. to vol. 41.) 8vo. 's Gravenhage, 1898. Tork and Eastleigh. Watson Botanical Exchange Club. Eeport 14. 8vo. EastleigJi, 1899. T. A. Cotton. Zoological Record. Vol. 34 (1897). 8vo. London, 1898. LrS"NEAX SOCIETY OP LONDOIf. 95 DONATIONS m AID OF PUBLICATIONS. 1899, £ s. d, Jan. 21. Jamesox, H. Ltstee. Contribution towards cost of coloured plate of Mice for his paper 5 0 0 May 8. Haemstvoeth, A. C. Contribution towards cost of Plates illustrating the following papers embodying the results of the Jack- son-Harmsworth Polar Expedition : — Rev. O. Pickard Cambridge, on some Arctic Spiders ; Gr. H. Carpenter, on Pantopoda collected by W. S. Bruce ; A. D. Michael, Report on the Acari collected by H.Pisher; Thos. Scott, Report on the Marine and Freshwater Crustacea collected by W. S. Bruce 43 0 0 July 31. The Royal Society. Contribution towards publishing Mr. R. T. Giinther's paper, " Contributions to the Natural History of Lake Frmi " 50 0 0 DONATION TO LIBRARY FUND. 1899. £ s. d. Feb. 18. Banneemax, W. Beucb 3 0 0 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIST OF THE OFFICERS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, PAST AND PRESENT. An asterisk denotes the present occupant. [Reprinted from last year's ' Proceedings ' to correct an erroneous date.] Presidents. 1788-1828. Si?- James Edward Smith, 1828-1834, Edward, Lord Stanley (eldest son of 12tli Earl of Derby). 1834-1837. Edward Adolphus, lltli Duke of Somerset. 1837-1849. Edward Stanley, Bisliop of Norwich. 1849-1853. Robert Brown. 1853-1861. Thomas Bell. 1861-1874. George Bentham, 1874-1881. George James Allman, 1881-1886. Sii- John Lubbock, £a7-t. 1886-1890. William Carruthers. 1890-1894, Charles Stewart. 1894-1896. Charles Baron Clarke. 2896- * Albert Carl Lewis Gotthilf GItntheb,. Treasurers. 1778-1798. Samuel Goodenough, Bishop of Carlisle, 1798-1815, Thomas Marsham, 1816-1849. Edward Fobster. 1849-1855. William Yabrell. 1856-1862. Francis Boott. 1862-1873. William Wilson Saunders, 1873-1875. Daniel Hanbury. 1875-1880. John Gwyn Jeffreys. 1880-1881. Frederick Currey. 1881- * Frank Crisp. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 95 Secretaries. 1788-1798. Thomas AIarsham. 1798-1825. Alexander Macleay. (Richard Taylor, 1810-1857, Under-Secretary. ) 1825-1832. James Ebenezer Bicheno. 1832-1840. Francis Boott. 1840-1860. John Joseph Bennett. 1857-1869. George Busk (1857-1860, Under-Secretary). Z. 1860-1880, Frederick Currey (1860-1862, Under-Secretary). B. 1869-1874. Henry Tibbats Stainton. Z. 1874-1880. St. George Jackson Mivart. Z. 1880- * Benjamin Daydon Jackson. B. 1880-1881. Edward Richard Alston. Z. 1881-1885. George James Romanes. Z. 1885-1895. Walter Percy Sladen. Z. 1895- * George Bond Howes. Z. Assistant Secretaries. 1876-1888. James Murie. 1897- * James Edmund Harting, The office was abolished from 1888-1897 and revived in the latter year. Librarians. 1778-1795 ? Jonas Dryander. 1795-1805. B. Price (as ' Clerk '). 1805-1822. Robert Brown (elected as ' Clerk, Librarian and House- keeper'). 1822-1841. David Don. 1842-1881. Richard Kippist (Assist. Lib. 1830-1842). 1881-1888. James Murlb. 1888-1897. James Edmund Harting. 1897- * August Wilhelm Kappel (Assistant from 1884). INDEX TO THE PROCEEDINGS. SESSION 1898-99. JN'oie. — The following names ai*e not indexed : — The Chairman of each meeting, speakers whose remarks are not reported, or passing allusions. Abbotsbury, flowering of Araujia albens at (Lowe), 9. Accounts presented, 12. Acland, Sir T. D., deceased, 12; obituary, 39. Additions to Library, 65-92. Address, Presidential, 15-38. ^Egean Sea, wild goats from (Hartiug), 4- Mgocerus piotus (Harting), 4. Africa, LabiatiE with alternate leaves (Burkill & Wright), 8. Agaricus veliitipes, Curt. (BifTeu), 5. Agrostis alba,ga!i\a on roots of (Farmer), 4- Aitchison, J. E. T., deceased, 72 ; obituary, 40, Alcyonacea, branching systems of (Bourne), 8. Aldabra, gigantic tortoises from, 63. Alga, fluorescent, from Scotland (Bennett), 63. Algje of West Indies (West), 10. AlTman, Prof. Gr. J., death announced, 3-4; deceased, 12; obituary, 41. Altai mountains, zoology and botany (Blwes), 5. Amphipoda from Copenhagen (Steb- bingj, 2. Anderson, Prof. R. J., Imitation as a source of Anomalies (abstract), 11. Anomalies from Imitation (Anderson), II. Anomalurus and its myology, 12. Apospory by environment (Stansfield), 7- Aquintocubitalism (Pycraft), 10, Araujia albens, Gr. Don, fertilization (Lowe), 9. Argyllshire, wild cat from, 7. Arnot, Hon. David, deceased, la. Asplenium Ruta-muraria, Linn., curious variety, 64. Assistant Secretaries, past and present, 95- Astacus fluviatilis, alluded to, 5. Athyrium FUix-fceyaina, apospory in, 7. Auditors, elected, 10. AustraUa, Western, its botany (Moore), 3. Australian Collembola (Lubbock), 63. Bairstow, S. D., deceased, 12; obituary, 43- Baker, E. G., app. Scrutineer, 14. Baker, J. Gr., comm. by (Salmon), 7; Liiinean Medal presented to, 38. Ballot for Council and Officers, 14. Bank- Vole, shown (Harting), 63. Bannerman, W. B., elected, 7 ; ad- mitted, 10. Barber, C. A., Councillor removed, 14. Barton, Miss E., Notheia anomala, la. BathyneJla (Caiman), 63. Beddome, Col. E. H., app. Scrutineer, 14. Begonia, venosa, Skan, shown, 4. Bennett, A. W., app. Scrutineer, 14; fluorescent alg£e, 63. Bentley, B. H., elected, 9. Bernard, H. M., digestive caeca of Spiders, 8 ; recent Poritidse, 7. Bifien, B. H., on Agaricus velutipes, 5. Bombay Malvaceae (Cooke), 64. Borrer, W., deceased, 12; obituary, 43. INDEX. 97 Botany of tlie Altai Mountains (Elwes), 5 ; of Westei-n Australia (Moore), 3. Botrychium viatricaricefolium, A. Br., shown (Whitwell), 64. Bourne, G. C, Lemnalia, Gray, 8. Braitliwaite, Dr. E., a]:)p. Scrutineei-, 14. Brandis, Sir D., resolution moved by, 38. Breese, C. W., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 46. Britain, Botrychimn matricaricBfolium found in (Whitwell), 64 ; plants new to, NUella hi/alina, 2 ; Pithophora, a new Alga (Reudle), 8. Bruce, W. S., Crustacea collected by, 5. Buchanan, John, deceased, 12. BuUen. E. A., elected, 62. Burkill, I. H., rayless daisy shown, 12. Burkill, I. H., and C. H.Wright, Labiatae with alternate leaves, 8. Buzzard, chicken reared by (Grossman), Caiman, W. T., on Bathynella, 63. Cambridge, F. P., Spiders from Chile and Peru, 3. Cambridge, O. P., British and Irish Spiders, 1 1. Capra cBgagrus and C. dorcas (Hartiug), +• Carex rhynchvphysa, auct. hibern. (G. C. Druce), 9. Wahlenbergiana (Clarke), 10. Carles, W. R., admitted, 4 ; elected, 3. Carruthers, J. B., hybrid fruits of Iheohronm, 11. Carruthers, W., Councillor removed, 14. Caruel, Prof. T., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 46. Caryophyllacei^ from Sze-chuen (Williams), 63. Cat, wild, from Argyllshire, 7. Cato, T. B., resigned, 14. Caudal diplospondyly of sharks (Ride- wood), 6. Cephalodiscus, rhabdites in (Cole), 10. Ceylon Patanas (Pearson), 1 1 . Chicken reared by a buzzard (Cross- man), 2. Chile, spiders from (Cambridge), 3. China, Caryophyllaceaa from (Williams), 63. Christy, T., Begonia venosa shown, 4. Clarke, C. B., Carex Wahlenbergiana, 10, Clans, Prof. C, deceased, 12 ; obituary. Cohn, Prof. F. J., deceased, 12; obit- uary, 50. Cole, F. J., rhabdites in Cephalodisciis, Oolenso, Rev. W., deceased, 12 ; obit- uary, 51. Collembola, Australasian (Lubbock), 63. Collinge, W. E., on certain slugs, 64. CoUybia velutipes, Fr. See Agaricus velutipes. Conway, Sir M., plants coll. by, shown, 62. Cooke, T., Bombay Malvaceae, 64. Cormorant, uares of (Pycraft), 9. Council elected, 14. Craterostigma pumilum, Hochst. (Ward & Dale), 2. Crisp, P., re-elected Treasurer, 14. Crossland, C, admitted, 10; elected, 7. Crossman, A. F., chicken reared by a buzzard, 2. Crustacea of Franz- Josef Land, 5. Crustacean genus Bathynella (Caiman), 63. Crustaceans from Sinai (Marriott), 5. Daisy, almost rayless, shown (Burkill), 12. Dale, MissE., on Cratero&tigma, 2. Darwin, F., elected Councillor, 14. Davies, Rev. W., deceased, 12. Dendy, Prof. A., Hatteria procured by, 1-2, 7. Desert-flora of Western Australia (Moore), 3. Dianthus gallicus, Pers., from Jersey (G. C. Druce), 8. Diplospondyly of sharks (Ridewood), 6. Dominica, frog from, in Kew Gardens, 64. Donations, 92. Drane, R., bank-vole obtained by, 63. Druce, G. C, Dianthus gallicus from Jersey, 8 ; Irish Carex rhynchophysa, 9- Druce, H., elected Auditor, 10 ; on bleached eider-down, 8. Druery, C. T., comm. by (Stansfield), 7- Drummond, J. R., elected, 4. Duerdeu, J. E., on Lebrunia, 64. Eagles rearing goslings (Harting), 2. Edwardsia-stage of Lebrunia (Duerden), 64. Eider-down, bleached (H. Druce), 8, Election of Council and OfEcers, 14. Elephant-tusk shown, i, 3. Elwes, H. J., Zoology and Botany of the Altai Mts., 5. Falkland Islands, Macrorhinus in (Valleutin), 62. Farmer, J. B., elected Councillor, 14 ; on Agrostis-gaXls, 4. LINN. SOC. PROCEEDINGS SESSION 1898-99. 7i INDEX. Felis catus from Argyllshire, 7. Fellows deceased, 12. Fergusson, H., admitted, 64.. Fertilization of Araujia albens (Lowe), 9 ; of Glaux maritlma (Step), 9. Finlaj'son, D., admitted, 5 ; elected, 4. Fishes, Linnean (Pres. Address), 15-38. Fitzgerald, E. A., plants coll. by, shown, 62. Fjserland Fjord, molluscs from, 6. Foreign Members, deceased, 12 ; elected, 12. Fox skull shown (Stewart), 3. Fox, A. E., elected, 63. Franchet, A., elected For. Memb., 12. Franz- Josef Land, Crustacea, 5. Freshwater Algae of West Indies (West), 10. Frogs, in Kew Gardens, introduced with plants, 64. Galls on root of Agrostis (Farmer), 4. Galton, Sir D., deceased, 12; obituary, 52. Garden, Dr. A., his correspondence with Linnaeus not in possession of the Society, 20. Gastric glands of Marsupialia (John- ston), 5. Gastro-ccelomic cavity of Lebrunia (Duerden), 64. Glaux maritlma, Linn. (Step), 9. Goats from the jFgajan Sea (Harting), 4- Godman, F. D., elected Councillor, 14 ; seconded resolution, 38. Goslings reared by eagles (Harting), 2. Gosse, P. H., plants coU. by, shown, 62. Grapsus macidatns from Sinai, 5. Green, J. R., elected Auditor, 10. Groves, H., elected Councillor, 14. Groves, H. & J., JS'ifclia hyalina shown, 2. Giinther, Dr. A. C. L. G., Address, 15- 38 ; comm. by (Giinther), 64 ; photos of gigantic land-tortoises, stiown, 63. re-elected President, 14 ; Singapore tree-frog in Kew Gardens, 64 ; twin- tusk of elephant shown, i ; wild goats 4- Giinther, E. T., Natural History of Lake Urmi, 64. Haddon, Prof. A. C, Mollusca from Torres Straits (Melvill & Standen), 8. Hallstadt, Stai)fia from, 10. Hansen, E. C, elected For. Memb., 12. Harris, W., elected, 10. Harrison, A., admitted, 3 ; elected, i. Harting, J. E., bank-vole, 63 ; crusta- ceans from Sinai, 5 ; king eider shown, 8 ; Microfus, 63 ; on chicken reared by a buzzard, 2 ; wild goats, 4. Hartog, Prof. M. M., admitted, 64. Hatferia shown (Howes), i, 7. Havilland, H. de B. de, elected, 62. Hemsley, W. B., Councillor removed, 14 ; high-level plants shown, 62. Herdman, Prof. W. A., Councillor removed, 14. Holmes, E. M., Schimmelia oleifera sho^vn, 6. Hooker, Sir J. D., high-level plants coll. by, 62. Howes, G. B., comm. by, (Cambridge) II, (Duerden) 64, (Johnston) 5; Hatteria shown, i, 7 ; re-elected Secretary, 14. Hurst, C. C, admitted, 3. Hybrid fruits of Theobroma (Car- ruthers), 11. Hylodes from Dominica in Kew Gardens, 64. Ibex, Cretan, 4. Ikeno, S., elected For. Memb., 12. Imitation as a source of Anomalies (Anderson), 11. India, high-level plants from, shown, 62. Irish Carex rhyiichophysa (G. C. Diuce), 9. Jackson, B. Day don, re-elected Secre- tary, 14. Jackson-Harmsworth exped., Crustacea, 5- Jersey, Bianthus gallicus from (G. C. Druce), 8. Johnston, J., gastric glands of Mar- supialia, 5. Jones, K. H., elected, 9. Kew, rayless daisy shown from (Bur- kill), 12. Kew Gardens, tropical frogs in (Giin- ther), 64. King eider from Lerwick (Harting), 8. Labiatte with alternate leaves (Burkill & Wright), 8. Lange, Prof. J. M. C, deceased, 12 ; obituary, 53. Lebrunia (Duerden), 64. Leigh, J. H., wild cat from Argyll- shire, 7. Lemnalia, Gray (G. 0. Bourne), 8. Lepidostrobics (Maslen), 6. Lerwick, king eider from (Harting), 8. Lester, L. V., admitted, 11; elected, 10. Librarian's report, 14. Librarians, past and present, 95. INDEX. 99 Library, additions to, 65-92 ; donation to Library Fund, 93. Linnean Collection of fishes (Pres. Address), 15-38. Linnean Medal presented, 38. Littledale, Mr. & Mrs., high-level plants coll. by, 62. Lizard from New Zealand shown, i, 7. Lofgren, A., Begonia found by, 4. Lowe, Dr. J., on fertilization of Araujia alhens, 9. Lubbock, Sir J., Australasian Oollem- bola, 63. Lynghya. sp. (?) shown (Bennett), 63. McDonald, D., admitted, 5; elected, 4. Macrorhinus elephantinus, photo- graphs shown, 62. Madreporarian system and Poritid^ (Bernard), 7. Malvaceae of Bombay (Cooke), 64. Marriott, J., Crustaceans from Sinai, 5. Marsupialia, gastric glands of (John- ston), 5. Martens, E. von, elected For. Memb., 12. Maslen, A. J., admitted, 10 ; elected, 9 ; on Lepidostrohus, 6, Masters, Dr. M. T., app. Scrutineer, 14. Meiklejohn, Dr. J., app. Scrutineer, 14. Melvill, J. C, and R. Standen, marine Mollusca from Torres Straits, 8. Mkrotus glareolus shown (Harting), 63. Mitchell, P. C, admitted, 9 ; elected, 6 ; on Quintocubitalism, 10. Mollusca from Torres Straits (Melvill & Standen), 8. Monckton, H. W., elected Auditor, 10 ; Mya urenar'm from Norway, 6. Mongolia, high-level plants from, shown, 62. Monington, H. W., admitted, 6; elected, Moore, S. L., Botany of Western Aus- tralia, 3. Murray, G. R. M., comm. by (Barton), 12; Peridiniacese shown, 11. Murray, G. R. M., and Miss Whitting, new Peridiniacete, 6. Mya arenaria from Norway (Monck- ton), 6. Myology of Anomalurus (Parsons), 12. Mytilus edidis in the Fjserland Fjord, 6. Ncjas, revision of the genus (Rendle), 64. graminea, Delile, from West Wit- tering, 7. minor, AH., 7. Nanomitriuiii (Salmon), 7. Nares of the Cormorant (Pyeraft), 9. Naudin, Dr. C, deceased, 12 ; obituary, 53- New Zealand Lizard {Hatterici) shown, .1, 7- Nicholson, Prof. H. A., deceased, 12; obituary, 54. Nitella hyalina, Agardh, shown (Groves), 2. Notheia anomala, Harv. & Bail. (Bar- ton), 12. Obach, E. F. A., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 56. (Esophagus of Lebnmia (Duerden), 64. Officers elected, 14 ; list of past and present, 94-95. Oil of sandalwood. West Indian (Holmes), 6. Owers, double-eared rye found at, 64. Palcemon, alluded to, 5. Pcmulirus penicillatus from Sinai, 5. Para, Begonia from neighbourhood of, 4. Parsons, F. G., Anoinalurus, 12. Patanas of Ceylon, botany of (Pearson), II. Peal, C. N., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 57. Pearson, H. H. W., Botany of Ceylon Patanas, 11. Pembrokeshire, bank-vole in, 63. Peridiniacese, new (Murray & Whit- ting), 6. Peru, spiders from (Cambridge), 3. Pike, A., high-level plants coll. by, 62. Fitlwphora, new British Alga (Rendle), 8. Platte, Dr., spiders collected by (Cam- bridge), 3. Polypedatcs quadrilineatus, in Kew Gardens, 64. Popham, R. B., admitted, 62 ; elected, 10. Poritidse (Bernard), 7. Presentation of Linnean Medal, 38. President, comm. by (R. T. Giintber), 64 ; photos of gigantic tortoises from Aldabra Island, 63 ; re-elected, 14 ; Singapore tree-frog from Kew Gardens, 64 ; twin-tusk of elephant exhibited, i ; wild goats, 4. Presidential Address, 15-38. Presidents, list of, 44. Pyeraft, W. P., Aquintocubitalism, 10 ; nares of the Cormorant, 9. Quintocubitalism (Mitchell), 10. Rainbow, W. J., elected, i. Rand, A. F., admitted, 5. Reade, O. A., admitted, 6 ; elected, 5. INDEX. Eeid, C, fruits of Najas sbown, 7. Remington, Prof. J. P., resigned, 14. Eendle, Dr. A. B., elected Councillor, 14 ; Pithophora, 8 ; revision of Najas, 64. Ehabdites in Cephalodiscus (Cole), 10. Ridewood, W. G., caudal diplospondyly of sharks, 6. Roberts, Sir W., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 57- Rogers, T., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 58. Romsey, double-eared rye from, shown, 64. Rothschild, Hon. N. C, elected, 7. Rye with two ears on one stalk, shown (Whitwell), 64. Salmon, E. S., on Nanomitrium, 7. Salvin, O., deceased, 12 ; obituary, 59. Sandalwood, West Indian (Holmes), 6. Sars, Gr. O., elected For. Memb., 12. Saunders, Gr. S., admitted, 62 ; elected, II. Schimmelia oleifera. Holmes, shown, 6. Scotland, fluorescent Alga from (Ben- nett), 63. Scott, I). H., comm. by (Maslen), 6 ; Councillor removed, 14; elected Auditor, 10. Scott, T., Crustacea from Franz-Josef Land, 5. Scrutineers appointed, 14. Sea-elephant, photographs shown, 62. Secretai'ies' report, 12-14. Secretaries, past and present, 95. Seychelles, gigantic tortoises living there, 63. Sharks, caudal diplospondyly of (Ride- wood), 6. Shore, T. W., resigned, 14. Sinai Peninsula, crustaceans from (Mar- riott), 5. Sinclair, A., elected, 4. Singapore tree-frog in Kew Gardens, 64. Skomer Island, bank-vole on, 63. Skull of fox shown (Stewart), 3. Slugs, anatomy of (Collinge), 64. Smyth, W., resigned, 14. Somateria spectabilis from Lerwick (Harting), 8. Sphenodon shown (Howes), i. Spiders, British and Irish (Cambridge), II ; digestive cseca of (Bernard), 8 ; from Chile and Peru (Cambridge), 3- Standen, R., Mollusca from Torres Straits, 8. Stanley Harbour, sea-elephant from. (Vallentinj, 63. Stansfield, F. W., ajDOspory by environ- ment, 7. Stapf, O., Stapfia cylindrica shown, 10. Stapjia cylindrica, Chodat, shown, 10. Stebbing, Rev. T. R. R., Amphipoda from the Copenhagen Museum, 2. Step, E., fertilization of Glaux Tnari- tima, 9. Stewart, Prof. C, skull of fox shown, 3 ; tusk of elephant, 3. Strachey, Sir R., plants coll. by, 62. Sutton, L. G., admitted, 64 ; elected, 62. Sykes, E. R., admitted, 64 ; elected, 62. Sze-chuen, Caryophyllacece from (Wil- liams), 63. Tagg, H. F., elected, 9. Tetraspnra cylindrica, Kuetz., men- tioned, 10. Theohroma Cacao, hybrid fruits of (Carruthers), 11. Thompson, D. W., comm. by (Caiman), 63. Thomson, Dr. T., plants coll. by, 62. Tibet, plants from, shown, 62. Torres Straits, Mollusca from (Melvill & Standen), 8. Treasurer's statement of Accounts, 13. Treasurers, past and present, 94. Tree-frog in Kew Gardens from Singa- pore, 64. Tusk of elephant sliowu, i ; double tusk, 3. Twin-tusk of elephant shown, i, 3. Urmi, Lake, its natural history (Giin- ther), 64. Vallentin, R., photographs of sea- elephant, 62. Van Voorst, J., deceased, 12; obituary, 61. Venezuela, Schimmelia from (Holmes), 6. Vole, bank, shown (Harting), 63. Wager, H. W. T., admitted, 64. Ward, H. M., comm. by (Biffen), 5 ; (Pearson), 11. Ward, H. M., & Miss E. Dale, on Cra- terostigma pmnilitm, 2. Wardleworth, T. H., elected, 5. Wellby, Capt. M. S., high-level plants| coll. by, 62. INDEX. lOI West, G. S., Variation in Desmids, 12. (See also West, W., & G. S. West.) West, W., comm. by (G. West), 12. West, W., & G. S. West, Freshwater AJgse of the West Indies, 10. West Indian oil of sandalwood (Holmes), 6. West Indies, Freshwater Algas of (West), 10. West Wittering, fruits of Kajas from (Reid), 7. Whitting, Miss F. W., new Peridini- acese, 6, Whit well, W., plants shown by, 64. Whj-mper, E., plants coll. by, shown, 62. Williams, F. N., CaryophyUacese from Sze-chuen, 63. Zoology and Botany of the Altai Mts. (Elwes), 5. Printed by Taylok and Fkujcis, Eed Lion Court, Fleet Street. /rVrU? « C'frvv • t.''^^>« . ^ PEOCEEDINGS OF THE LIMEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. (ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH SESSION, 1899-1900.) November 2nd, 1899. Dr. AiiBEET C. L. G-. Gunthee, E.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Prof. C. Stewart, E.E.S., E.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on a preparation of the leaves of Mimosa pudica, showing the diurnal and nocturnal positions. He also exhibited the embryo and egg-cases of Cestracion PTiilippi. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Proliferous State of the Awn of Nepal Barley." By the Eev. Prof. George Henslow, F.L.S. 2. " On the Hyobranchial Skeleton and Larynx of the new Aglossal Toad, Hymenochirus Boettgeri." By Dr. W. G. Eide- wood, E.L.S. 3. " On the Eye-spot and Cilium in Euglena viridis." By- Harold Wager, E.L.S. November 16th, 1899. Mr. Geoege E. M. Mueeay, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Alfred Eussell Eox was admitted a Fellow of the Society. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S. , communicated particulars of severa. cases in which Parrots had been poisoned by eating Parsley After commenting on ins^ces in which plants that were LINN. SOC. proceedings. — SESSION 1899-1900. b AAA^Ct-O 2 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE innocuous to man had proved fatal to some of the lower animals, he mentioned in support of the converse case that the berries of the yew and privet, which are generally considered to be poisonous to man, were greedily eaten by blackbirds, thrushes, bulliinches, and other birds ; while, on the other hand, several cases were on record of pheasants having been poisoned by eating yew-leaves. The immunity of goats from yew poisoning was remarkable in view of the fact that deer and cattle died after eating the leaves of that tree, although it had been stated that the ill effects were due to the leaves having been eaten in a desiccated state, and not while growing on the ti'ee. A discussion followed in which Messrs. E. M. Holmes, Thomas Christy, A. W. Bennett, J. B. Carruthers, Eevs. F. Walker and T. E. E. Stebbing took part. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Comparative Anatomy of certain Species of Ence- phalartosr By W. C. Worsdell, P.L.S. 2. " On a Collection of Brachyura from Torres Straits." By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc. (Communicated by D'Arcy W. Thompson, F.L.S.) December 7th, 1899. Dr. Albert C. L. Gt. Gunthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Greorge A. Gammie, James Scott Grordon, Henry St. John Jackson, Henry Edward Heath Smedley, and Thomas William Woodhead were elected Fellows of the Society. Dr. Otto Stapf, A.L.S., exhibited specimens of Malayan and African species of Kickxia, Blume, to show the differences which exist between the two forms. These differences were noticeable in the shape and size of the corolla, the insertion and general relation of the stamens to the tube of the corolla, the placenta- tion, the structure of the fruit, and the general habit of the plants. As the name Kickxia would have to be retained for the Malayan species, he pi*eposed the name Funtumia for the African species, from Fantum, a vernacular name for F. elastica. He further pointed out, by means of flowering and fruiting specimens of F. africana, Stapf {Kickxia africana, Benth.), and of F. elastica {Kickxia elastica, Preuss), that the latter, and not the former (as was originally assumed), was the source of the so-called Lagos rubber, thus confirming the conclusion to which Dr. Preuss had •come with regard to the origin of this rubber. LINITEAN SOCIETY OF LOIfDON. 3 Dr. Stapf also showed, on behalf o£ the Director of Kew •Gardens, a large infructescence of Musa E)isete, GmeL, lately- received from the Azores. Mr. Gilbert Christy, F.L.S., exhibited a preparation of India- rubber by a new process from Castilloa elastica, and also specimens of rubber obtained from Kickxia elastica. Mr. A. D. Ferguson exhibited a series of photographic views taken in Demerara. Mr. J. W. Fawcett read a paper on some Vegetable Poisons used for the capture of Fish by the Aborigines of Australia. (For Abstract, see p. 86.) Mr. B. Daydon Jackson pointed out how widespread was the practice of obtaining fish in this way, and gave a brief review of the literature bearing on the subject. A discussion followed, in which the President, Messrs. E. M. Holmes, Thomas Christy, and J. E, Harting took part. The following papers were read : — 1. "On some New Zealand Schizopoda." By G. M. Thomson. F.L.S. 2. " On the Structure of Porites." By H. M. Bernard, F.L.S. December 21st, 1899. Dr. Albeet C. L. G. Gunthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Charles Edward Jones, B.Sc, was admitted a Fellow of the Society. Mr. W. G. Freeman, F.L.S., exhibited a tree of Eevea hrasi- liensis (Para Rubber), showing the method of tapping adopted in Ceylon. Dr. Eobert Braithwaite, F.L.S., exhibited specimens of Hypnum Hochstetteri, Schimp., collected by him on the Isle of Barra, Outer Hebrides, the only kuown locality for it in Europe, though found in the Azores and Canary Islands. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Air-bladder and its connection with the Auditory Organs in the Notopteridse." By Prof. T. W. Bridge, D.Sc, F.L.S. 2. " On some new and interesting Foraminifera from the Funafuti Atoll, Ellice Islands." By F. Chapman, A.L.S. 62 4 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE January 18th, 1900. Dr. Albert C. L. Gt. GrtrnTHER, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Harry Edward Heath Smedley was admitted a Fellow of the Society. Mr. J. C. Hill, B.Sc, of Sydney University, exhibited some photographs of specimens and drawings of Monotreme and Marsupial embryos, obtained by him in Australia. Of special interest were those of a newly hatched Orniihorhynclms showing a nasal caruncle and the presence of a median maxillary tooth, the function of which is at present undetermined. Chief among the Marsupial series were photographs of Dasyurus embryos in situ and showing the free condition of the allantois. Eemarks thereon were made by the President and by Prof. Howes. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Existence of Nasal Secretory Sacs and Naso- pharyngeal Communications in the Teleosteans." By H. M. Kyle, M.A., B.Sc. (Communicated by Prof. Gr. B. Howes,. Sec. L.S.) 2. " On the Origin of the Basidiomycetes." By George Massee^ F.L.S. February 1st, 1900. Dr. Albeet C. L. Gr. Gunthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. The President announced that on the occasion of the forth- coming International Exhibition in Paris, an International Congress of Botany will be held there from the 1st to the 10th of October, both dates inclusive. The subscription for Membership has been fixed at 20 fr., and those who may be desirous of taking part in the proceedings are desired to com- municate with M. Henri Hua, Tresorier du Congres International de Botanique General, 2 Eue de Villersexel, Paris. Mr. James Saunders, of Luton, Bedfordshire, was elected an Associate of the Society. Mr. George Massee, F.L.S. , exhibited lantern-slides in illustra- tion of his paper on the origin of the Basidiomycetes, the substance of which had been communicated at the last meeting, and recapitu- lated the conclusions at which he had arrived. A discussion followed in which Prof. Trail, Mr. C. B. Clarke^ and Prof. Farmer took part. I;INNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 5 Mr. Cecil E. P. Andrews, M.A., exhibited two non-British Orasses which he had found last year in the Channel Islands — Phalaris minor, Eetz., from sandy shores and fields in Guernsey and Alderney, and Milium scabrum, Merl., from the cliffs of Guernsey. He maintained that they were both native plants, as the former is indigenous on the west coast of France and on the north coast as far as Cherbourg and Barfleur, while the latter is a native of West France as far north as Vendee, and reappears on the coast of the Netherlands. He suggested that the former had been passed over owing to its resemblance to P. canariensis ; the latter owing to its inconspicuous habit, its early flowering, and the fact that it grows on the lower slopes of the cliffs in an unfrequented part of the island. A discussion followed in which Messrs. James Groves and G. C. Druce joined, and Mr. Andrews replied. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S., exhibited a specimen, in the flesh, of the Rufous Tinamu (Ehi/ncJiotus rufesceiis) which had been shot near Petersfield, Hants, on Jan. 29th, and gave some account of the experiments which had been made to acclimatize this South- American game-bird since its first introduction by Mr. John Bateman at Brightlingsea, Essex. No difficulty had been experi- enced in regard to climate or food, but inasmuch as these birds do not perch in trees like Pheasants, but roost on the ground, they are more liable to destruction by foxes, a circumstance which had materially affected their increase. The following paper was read : — " A Report on the Zoological Results of an Expedition to Mount Eoraima in British Guiana, undertaken by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch.'' (Communicated by Prof. Lankester, F.E.S., on behalf of the members of the British Museum Staff who had prepared it.) February 15th, 1900. Mr, Chables Baeon Clarke, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. E. Morton Middleton, F.L.S., exhibited a series of speci- mens of Asplenimn Bradleyi, Eaton, one of the rarer rock ferns from Tennessee, to show its extreme variability. The simplest fronds exhibited were found in a damp, cold, per- pendicular rift, which no sunshine could enter, at an elevation of about 1700 feet ; these fronds had the simple pinnate structure, •with green rhachis and rounded, toothed pinnae of A. viride, Hudson, but were more coriaceous than in that species. Dr. Gat- tinger, author of the 'Tennessee Flora,' was satisfied that the plant 6 PEOCEEDINGS OE THE was Asplenium viride ; and Gen. Kirby Smith, who had had ample opportunity of studying A. Bradleyi on the eastern slopes of the Cumberland Plateau, remarked that A. viride and A. Bradleyi were so much alike that they might be varieties. The other plants exhibited, however, showed a gradual tendency to become more and more compound, culminating in a luxuriant specimen with pinnatifid fronds 10 inches long, the green rhachis becoming purple and shining in all the plants exposed to the sun's rays. The affinities of so variable a fern are naturally of interest, Eaton (' Ferns of North America ') remarked : " If there could be a hybrid between A. eheneum and A. montanum, it would be much like our plant." Asa Gray, following Eaton, said, " Intermediate between A. eheneum and A. montanum." Baker, in the ' Synopsis Filicum,' says, " Between montanum and lanceolatum." Mr. Mid- dleton believed it to be very near to A. viride, and perhaps intermediate (though not a hybrid) between A. viride and A. lanceolatum. A. viride, identical with the species of Europe and Asia, is essentially boreal, and occurs in British America from New Brunswick to British Columbia, as well as in the State of Vermont. A. Bradleyi then takes its place, extending south from New York to Georgia and Alabama, and west to Arkansas. A. lanceolatum, Huds., is not American at all, but is found in Europe, North Africa, and some of the Atlantic islands (Madeira, Azores, and St. Helena). The exhibitor did not consider that A. Bradleyi had any special affinity either with A. montanum or A. eheneum, which are entirely American except that the latter appears in Cape Colony. N. L. Britton and A. Brown, in their new ' Illustrated Flora,' state that A. Bradleyi prefers a lime- stone soil, but Mr. Middleton had found it strictly confined to sandstone, although the carboniferous limestone was immediately adjacent. Critical remarks were made by Mr. C. B. Clarke and Mr. Car- ruthers. Mr. J. C. Shenstone exhibited a collection of 700 photographs of British Flowering Plants, to show what could be accomplished by means of the camera in the direction of botanical illustration. He contended that photography was the only means by which the lines and masses of our flowering plants, as truly characteristic as the less subtle characters by means of which botanists group and arrange plants into orders, genera, and species, could be readily reproduced. He explained the various technical processes and apparatus necessary for successful plant photography, and alluded to the difficulties inseparable from the photography of plants in their natural habitats, &c. His remarks were illustrated by mean& of lantern-slides. A discussion followed in which Prof. Farmer, Messrs. Holmes^ Monckton, H. Groves, Crisp, Carruthers, and Middleton took part. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 7 Mr. J. B. Carruthers, F.L.S., exhibited specimens and lantern- slides to illustrate the growth of the vegetable canker Nectria ditissima on the Cocoa-plant, and gave an account of certain experiments which he had made to destroy it without injury to the tree which it attacked. Additional remarks on the subject were made by Prof. Farmer. The following paper was read : — " On Khynchodesmus Howesi, a new European Species of Terrestrial Planarian "Worm."' By Dr. R. F. Scharff, Keeper of the Natural History Collections in the Science and Art Museum, Dublin. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L.S.) March 1st, 1900. Dr. Albert C. L. G. GtrNTHER, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. W. Saville Kent, F.L.S. , exhibited lantern-slides of several British Flowering Plants, to show the remarkable advances which had been recently made in colour-photography. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Botanic Nomenclature." By Charles Baron Clarke, F.E.S., F.L.S. 2. " On some Foraminifera of Tithonian Age from the Stram- berg Limestone of Nesselsdorf." By Frederick Chapman, A.L.S. March 15th, 1900. Mr. Geoege R. M. Muebay, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Albert Wilson was elected a Fellow of the Society. Prof. Farmer, F.L.S., exhibited (as lantern-slides) several photographs of dissections of flowers, and made remarks on the utility of such illustrations for teaching purposes. His views were supported by Mr. J. C. Shenstone. Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., exhibited specimens and drawings of Paphiopedilum, both of species and hybrids, with their capsules, to illustrate remarks on the hybridization of Orchids. (For Abstract, see p. 87.) Additional observations were made by Mr. A, O. Walker, Dr. Rendle, and Prof. Farmer. 8 PEOCBEDINGS OF THE The following papers were read : — 1. " A Eeport on the Botanical Results of an Expedition to Mount Eoraima in British Guiana, undertaken in 1898 by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch." By Isaac H. Burkill, r.L.S., and others. 2. " On Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896-97." By A. W. Waters, E.L.S. April 5th, 1900. Mr. Chaeles Baeon Claeke, E.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. John Thomas Norman Thomas was elected a FeUow of the Society. Mr. Edward Bidwell, E.Z.S., exhibited specimens of Beechwood showing old carving singularly imbedded by subsequent growth. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, E.R.S., E.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on a selection of plants collected by Dr. A. Henry and Mr. W. Hancock in the neighbourhood of Mengtze and Szemao in "Western China. The following paper was read : — " On Sphenophyllum and its Allies, an extinct division of the Vascular Cryptogams." By Dr. Dukinfield H. Scott, E.R.S., F.L.S. (For Abstract, see p. 88.) April 19th, 1900. Dr. Albeet C. L. G. Gunthee, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Eobert Moir Clark and James Chapman Shenstone were elected Fellows of the Society. In view of the approaching Anniversary Meeting, Messrs. Horace W. Monckton and Henry Groves were elected Auditors on behalf of the Council, and Messrs. Antony Gepp and Alfred O. "Walker on the part of the Fellows. On behalf of the Hon. Charles Ellis, F.L.S., the President exhibited photographs of a large tree, Taxodium distichum, growing LTNTfEAJT SOCIETY OF LONDON. 9 at Oaxaca in Mexico, and of anotlier gigantic tree a native of Cambodia. The cLrciunference of the former, at a height of 3 feet from the ground, was stated to be 148 feet, while the height was estimated to be not more than 100 feet. The native name for this tree is Sabino. Mr. Daydon Jackson read an account of it, quoting from Loudon's Mag. Xat. Hist. vol. iv. (1831) p. 30, and Humboldt's ' 7iews of Nature,' p. 274. The second gigantic tree, which could not be satisfactorily determined from the photograph, had been observed growing on the Makong River, near the celebrated ruins of the great city of Angkorwat in Cambodia. The following papers were read : — 1. " On several small Collections of dried Plants from Thibet and the Andes." By W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., F.L.S., and H. H. W. Pearson, M.A. 2. " On some Mosses from China and Japan." By E. S. Salmon. (Communicated by J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S.) May 3rd, 1900. Mr. Chaeles Babon Claeee, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Albert Wilson was admitted, and the following were elected Fellows of the Society : Rev. John Gerard, Messrs. Robert Theodore Giinther and Richard John Tabor. Professor Alfred Cogniaux was elected a Foreign Member, Mr. H. E. H. Smedley, F.L.S., exhibited a number of Botanical Models in wax pi'epared on an enlarged scale to show the morpho- logical structure and also the process of reproduction in various types of plants. In a discussion which followed, Prof. Howes, Messrs. B. Daydon Jackson, A. W. Bennett, and H. Groves took part. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on some skins of AVillow-Grouse collected by Prince Demidoff on the X.W. border of Mongolia between the Altai Mts. and the Kobdo River. The following papers were read : — 1. " On a new^ Species of Halimeda from Funafuti." By Miss E. S. Barton. (Communicated by George Murray, F.R.S., F.L.S.) 2. " On some West-Indian Fungi, with descriptions of a new Genus (Xyloceras) and Species." By Miss A. L. Smith. (Com- municated by George Murray, F.R.S., F.L.S.) PROCEEDINGS OF THE May 24th, 1900. Anniversary Meeting. Dr. Albert C. L. G. Gdntheb, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Henry Groves on behalf of the Auditors presented the Treasurer's Annual Statement of Accounts, duly audited, as shown on p. II. The Treasurer having pointed out the great inconvenience caused by the non-payment of subscriptions, and the unreasonable conduct of those who withhold payment for three or four years and pay no heed to repeated applications for the same, it was moved by Mr. Alfred O. Walker, seconded by Mr. T. G. Smart, and carried : " That the Council be requested to frame such an alteration of the Bye-Laws as may compel defaulting Fellows to pay their subscriptions, and to submit the same to the Society at their next General Meeting." On the motion of Mr. Wilfred Hudleston, seconded by Mr. Thomas Christy, a vote of thanks for their valuable services was accorded to the Treasurer and the Auditors. The Secretary read elections as follows : — his report of deaths, withdrawals, and Since the last Anniversary Meeting 22 Fellows have died or their deaths been ascertained : — Mr. John Brooks Bridgman. Dr. William Eatwell. Lord Farrar. Mr. Thomas Bruges Flower. Sir William HenryFlovver. Mr. John Bellamy George. Mr. Theophilus Wilham Girdleston. Mr. Sylvan us Hauley. Mr. Hy. Bendelack Hewetson. Mr. Wilham E. Hughes. Dr. Norman Shanks Kerr. The Marquess of Lbthian. Mr. Edward Joseph Lowe. Dr. St. George Jackson Mivart. Major Samuel Owen. Sir James Paget. Mr. Horace Pearce. Sir William Overend Priestley. Mr. Hildebrand Eamsden. Mr. Thos. Glazebrook Rylands. Mr. Samuel Stevens. Mr. Frank Tufnail. LINTTEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. II .^ O lO o o oj U3 lO O O .-KM (M '!< lO OO 'ti 'to l^ t^ lO r-J O ^ (N o o Oi o CO 5^ Sin 05 OC « 5>i '5 §'5 =tl ^ f^- O so O O OT o ^- O CO O lO '^^ CM lO 00 00 --< O ^ O •-! O O 11 ■rr r^ I— 1 ^ .2 c^ * .5 so bCT3 to a w go fM g §^ § ■! .-s «*-. a g^ ■*j -»^ 'C qj .S ^ _2 f>^ 2 » ^ O -H ^ CO O r^ t^SOOOOO ^. o -I o o so OCi 00-3S , , lO 1^ so ^ '^ 5fJO OCO-* ° ^« »-» C oj -*& >» --3 ^ o • t^ OQ g jj ■5 (C C S c gsof^W fe 01 ;^ ^ -s ^' o o *3 ja o C -*^ Discontinues ' Illustrations.' 7 Jan. 1833. | Brande, William Thomas. London. "j 1822, 25 Oct. 8 Dec. 31 Jan. 17 Aug. 6 Jan. -iQoo i. About S.'s contributions to Quarterly Journal: r remuneration to be £8 per sheet. 1827. j 1827. J 1830. With a reply from S. Brewster, David, Sir. Edinburgh. Reply to S.'s ofter of literary -work. 19 Jan. 1820. Bbightwell, Thomas. Norwich. Offers to S. unpubUshed drawings of Insects by 18 July 1821. Wilkin, also Insects from his own coU. — 17 Aug. 1821. Agrion. Bbodebip, William John. London. On " Mermaids." About Exotic Aporrhais. 11 Nov. 12 Nov. 20 & 21 Oct. 31 Oct. 5 & 16 Nov. 1820. 1820. 1821.-^ 1821. I 1821. I Conchology — about shells — 11 Dec. 1821. j No date. ) 2 & 7 Jan. 1822. 13 Jan. 1822. 4 Oct. 1822. 9 Dec. 1822. 12 Sept. 1822.' Three letters without date. London. 8 July 1824. 12 Oct. 1827. 10 Mar. 1827. All these letters refer to proof-sheets, submitted to B. for revision ; he remonstrates with S. about his carelessness in nomenclature, spelling and style, and gives him much friendly and patient advice. On Cyprfsa lactea. S, breaks off his friendlv relations with B. On Bullock's Mexican Exhibition.- — New Humming-birds. -New Avienla. B. discreetly declines to interfere with S.'s differ- ences with Vigors. — About Vohita lyriformis. — The new editors of the Zoological Journal. — Vigors presents his bu'ds to the Zoolog. Soc, and probably also his insects. 9 Oct. 1827. About the delay in the publication of one of S.'s contributions in the Zoolog. Journ. 3 & 22 Nov. 1830. Referring to affairs of the Roy. Soc. — Agitation in favour of Herschel. 20 May 1839. Brit. Mus. declines to purchase S.'s collections of di-awings and specimens. — 1840, Sound advice about engaging in controversy. — About TJielidomus. 3° PROCEEDINGS OE THE Brookes, Joshua. Theatre of Ana- tomy. 27 May 1819. Beown, Eobeet. London. 4 July 1820. Beown, Th. Edinburgh. 9 Aug. 1819. BUILOCK, Wu-LIAM. London. 22 Jan. 1818. 12 Dec. 1819. 15 Dec. 1820. 12 Mar. 1824. Bulwee, J. Dublin. 23 Mar. 1824. 21 Sept. 1824. i Oct. 1824. I 1 Dec. 1824. Offers 5 guineas for a specimen of the Great- headed Goatsucker {Podargus). Official letter from Linn. Soc. allowing to S, fi-ee use of their specimens of Shells and Insects. Exchange of shells. Preparing to sell his Museum by auction. About the sale. Offers to sell S.'s shells. — Leach hopelessly ill. About an offer by S. to describe the new species in B.'s possession. A wealthy collector of shells; about exchanges with S. Bunting, J. London. 21 April 1840. About missionary work in New Zealand. 11 Nov. 1840. A letter of introduction to missionaries in New Zealand. Bubchell, "William John. Fulham. 22 Mar. 1819. 27 Sept. 1819. Liverpool. 17 Aug. 1824. Fulham. 10 Sept. 1824. 11 Dec. 1824. Fulham. 15 Feb. 1825. 22 Feb. 1825. 5 Mar. 1825. Rio de Janeiro. 31 Aug. 1825. Fulham. 15 Sept. 1830. 23 Oct. 1830. 1 & 11 Nov. 1830. Li reply to a request by S., B. states that his Insects have been deposited in the Brit. Mus., and that his bii-ds are packed up. Is travelling through England. S. has established more friendly relations with B. who, however, still withholds his coU. of Birds. — Malaconotus atrocyarmis. Preparing for an expedition to Brazil. B. informs S. that Langsdorff sends S. 600 birds for £65 ; also Insects. L. is collecting in the interest for the Russian Govt. B. prepares for his journey into the interior. Sends S. African plants, and promises to open his boxes of birds. > Invitations and meetings of B. and S. LINNEAN SOCIEir OF LONDON. 31 Fulham. 24 Jan. 1831. 28 Feb. 1831. 21 April 1831. 24 April 1831. 18 Sept. 1832. 6 Aug. 1838. 29 Jan. 1839. 30 May 1839. 8 June 1839. 23 Aug. 1839. 3 Oct. 1839. About B.'s enormous collections wbicb are still to be worked out — about collecting Coleoptera in papers. Habits of Nectarinia — generic names for Wood- peckers— is favourable to S.'s proposal, of jointly working out bis birds — about S.'s vindication of certain French authors (Lesson & Desmarest). Mentions the bead and painting of the Dodo at Oxford. Goes to Paris. About S.'s intention to emigrate. Conveys information as to the advantages of Tasmania for intending emigrants; dissuades S. from leaving England. About family affairs. Byrne, A. London. 7 July 1821. Canteebuby, Arclibishop of. [William Howley.] Lambetb. Copy of S.'s application for the Keepersbip of the 4 Mar. 1840. Zool. Dept. Brit. Mus. — Archbishop's acknow- ledgment of receipt. Cantor, Theodore Edward. London. Describes his zoolog. work in India, and offers S. 22 May 1838. certain specimens. 28 July 1838. Gives S. duplicate insects, but reserves his 14 & 20 Aug. 1838. ichthyological material to himself. Charlesworth, Edward. London. 11 July 1838. ( The Mag. Nat. Hist, is quite open to receive 19 Nov. 1838. ( communications fi-om S. Children, John George. London. 15 Jan. 1831. 4 June 1831. 11 July 1831. 6 Mar. 1840. Clifford, J. D. Lexington. 17 April 1820. Draft of a letter from S. joining issue with Ch. about systems in Nat. Hist. Ch.'s reply — referring particularly to the system of Lamarck. Declines to support S.'s candidature for the Keepersbip in the Zool. Dept. of the Brit. Mus., and regards J. E. Gray to be the one best qualified for the post. Offers fossils for exchange. 32 PROCEEDINGS OP THE COATES, D. London. About Mission work in New Zealand. 27 Mar. 1840. Cooper, William. New York. ") 10 June 1830. f Sends S. fresh-water shells. 30 June 1830. j CoRRiE, Mrs. 17 Dec. 1827. Illegible. 8 Oct. 1828. No date. Griffith's collection of shells — Stroinbus hemioniis, J-i. Cotton, E. S. 8 At» '1 181*1 Contents political and social. London. 1 18 Aug. 1838. 1 Contents religious. 14 Jan. 1840. | Cuming, Hugh. London. Business transaction. 24 Nov. 1840. Cunningham, Allan. Port Jackson. His botanical collections are sent to Kew, but he 25 May 1821. may give insects to S. — Is acquainted with LangsdorflF. 6 Feb. i828. Sends S. birds from N.S. Wales. Kew Bridge. 1 3 Oct. 1831. \ About Australian birds which he had offered to S. 3 Nov. 1831. ) Cunningham, Richard. Sydney. Promises to occasionally make entomol. obser- 9 Nov. 1833. vations and collections for S. Curtis, John. London. I 7 letters & 2 ( Referring to a dispute about plates coloured by drafts of S's.f C. for S. replies, 1820. ) Davy, Sir Humphrey. London. Referring to S.'s candidature for Leach's post. 9 April 1822. Derby, 13th Earl of. See Stanley, E. S. DiLLWYN, Lewis Weston. Penllergare. ) 7 April 1822. ( On synonymy of various shells. — Solander's MS. 22 May 1822. [ names are now in common use. No date. LUfXEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. ;^;^ Doy, David. London. 19 Oct. 1829. DoxoTAK, Edward. London. 24 Sept. 1806. "I Mentions some of his desiderata of Mediterr. 29 Sept. 1806. / fishes which S. might supply. 24 Sept. 1816. Declines S.'s Mediterr. fishes; himself collecting on the S. Coast. 2 Nov. 1820. Unable greatly to assist S. 18 Jan. 1829. Doubled AT, Edward. Epping. 8 July 1840. About his American entomol. collecting. 20 July 1840. Sends S. a box of Lepidoptera. Drummond, James. Swan River. Notes on some birds of the Swan River ; cost of 1 Nov. 1837. collecting. Drummoi^^d, Thomas. Belfast. Preparations for a collecting expedition. 1 Feb. 1831. Dti^rcAy, James. Edinburgh. 20 May 1840. Desires information for biography of Naturalists. 5 July 1840. About Papilio ripheus. No date. Writes with and for S. DuvAUCEL, Sophie. (Cuvier's step-daughter.) Paris. Descriptive of Cuvier's activitv. 19 Jan. 1830. Edmonston, C. Broadfield. On Humming-birds. 17 Aug. 1819. Elliott, Stephen. Charleston. ) 14 Jan. 1823. \ Referring to exchanges of shells and plants. 10 June 1824. \ Engel, Gt. H. Hamburg. Brazilian birds are a drug in the market. 21 July 1820. Ewma, T. J. Ilobart. On Tasmanian birds. 9 Oct. 1837. Falconer, D. Carlowne. On the cultivation of Irises. 29 Mar. 1828. IINN. SOC. PROCEEDINGS.— SESSION 1899-1900. d 34 PEOCEEDrS'GS OF THE FisrssAC. Ax-pTtF Etiexnt: Jusirs' Pascal Joseph Fe-4:n"coi3 d'Audebaed. Baron de. Paris. Addressed to Guildin^ : desires sliells and drawings, 10 July 1&-27. from the West Indies. ELD, BaEEOX. Paris. 13 Oct. 1825. London. 31 Aug. 1826. Liverpool. 10 Jan. 1827. 1 Dec. 1828. London. 21 June 1829. Gibraltar. 3 Aug. 18S4. Describes Lacepede's funeral -n-hicli tie attended. — Sen'cuius chrysocephalus, S''^- = Orio/us regens Gaim. — Jardin des Plantes interior to Ke-w. — Attends a meeting of the Institute. F. removes to Liverpool. Personal AUudes to a financial misfortune in Airs. S.'s family. — Enlarges upon the advancement of Zoology in England throucrb Vigors's estab- lishment of a Zoolog. Garden : and refers to the Ray commemoration by the Linn. Soc, and to the new series of the Zoolog. lUus- trations. Removes to Gibraltar — the Zoolog. Garden has made Zoology fashionable in London, and Exeter 'Change is extinct — the Medico-botan- ical Societv and R. Brown. FixcH, ArarsTA Sophia, Lady Ateeseoed. Kenmore. " Loxiafusca " — " Quaker-birds.'' No date. Fetdlat, E. Easterhill. About S.'s preparations for settling in Xew 20 Feb. 1840. Zealand. FOESHAEE, Eev. JOSIAH. Brit. Mus. The Trustees decline the purchase of S,"s col- 15 May 1839. lections. FOSTEE, J., Jr. Athens. '2o Xov. 1811. Directions for S."s journey in Greece. 16 April 1819. 11 Nov. 1819. Liverpool. 26 Jan. 1823. 9 Dec. Itf23. FEA^^CrLLOS", J. Malta. 20 July 1813. London. 6 Oct. 1813. 15 April 1816. A letter from S., offering Sicilian Insects and making enquiries about Abbot. Reply to S.'s letter : has some of Abbot's insects in .stock, which S. declines to buy. F. declines to be intermediary between S. and Abbot who is honest in all hia dealingrs. LESMLi^' SOCUETT OF UOSDOJi. 35 Fbaxe^lix, Sir Jows. London. Directions for adniL^ion to the Maseani of tbe 28 July 1828. Hudson's Bay Co. — About Kichardson's birds. Fbt. E. W." Eio de Janeiro. 20 Feb. 1819. About S.'s Brazilian s^rant^ 14 Au?. 1819. •j1 May 1820. About money matters. GlAJ)STO>£. D. London. The Society of Travellers. 5 Mar. 1821. Gleig, Be v. Geobge Kobeht. "\^'ino:ham. Oflfer to S. to write Entcmolc^ for Colbnnie's 4 Aug. 1830. National Library. GooDAix, Dr. Joseph. Eton. 23 Jan. 1822. About S.'s candidature for the Brit. Mus.— G. would prefer G. Sowerbv. 3 Mar. 1822. On Tarious British species of diells — Pattlla chulaudi. 1 June 1823. On synonymy of British shells— lefeience to Dillwyn. Windsor. 24 Oct. 1827. A long letter on non-classical names in Con- choio£r>". 11 XoT. 1828. Eton. 28 April 1829. Composes generic names from the Greek for S."s use. 6 July 1829. Reports a risit from Ferulae. 23 Jidv 1829. 1 o i - <• o. ■"" ^ 11 Aui l'^**9 \ ^*>"®<^*® generic names for S. 18 Au^. 1S29. 19 Oct. 1829. Points out to S. that his works abound in lingn- istic errors, and be^ him to let him see ibis MSS. before they go to the printer. 14 XoT. 1829. On the same subject. Loudon. 25 Feb. 1S30. G. is close upon 70 years of age. 27 Juue ISoO. Sends S. a li-. Londou. 12 Dec. 1830. Exehange>? publications with S., and sends him birds on loan or for sale. 30 April 1834. 21 Jan. 1837. Sends S. his Synopsis of Australian Birds. GB.OiT, J. AA'. Calcutta. Promises to coUtct Insects fiar S. 4 Feb. 1539. d2 ^6 peoceedings of the — Geapel. No date. Two letters. Grates, G. London. Reply to S.'s wish to exchange British for 3 Oct. 1811. Sicilian plants ; is engaged in writing a book on British Birds. Graves, Geoege. Peckhani. ) 23 & 27 Nov. 1820. ( 13 Dec. 1820. f 31 July 1821. J « Geay, Geoege Eobeet. Brit. Mus. Lends S. a book. 20 Aug. 1838. Geay, Johis^ Edwaed. Brit. Mus. "Will show S. the Sicilian fish presented by the 11 July 1828. latter to the Museum. Blackheath. Has returned from his Continental tour — is 30 Aug. 1829. engaged on Cyprceiclts, and would be glad to examine those in S.'s collection — after com- pletion of their arrangement the duplicates iu the B. M. will be either sold or exchanged by the Trustees. 5 Oct. 1829. Eesult of G.'s examination of S.'s Cowries. 11 Nov. 1829. About exchange of books. London. 23 June 1830. A friendly communication on various matters. G. R. Gray first mentioned. 5 Aug. 1830, Cuvier in London. — G. goes again to the Continent. 22 Nov. 1830. 3 Dec. 1830. S. has drawn plates for G. who demurs to his charges. 24 .Ian. 1831. About the same matter. 23 Mar. 1831. Joins S. in attacking Vigors and Zool. Soc. 28 June 1831. ■ 11 Oct. 1831. Proposes a new arrangement oi Raptores, widely different from Yigors's. GREGso?f, Matthew, 7 July 1821, Presents S. with some .shells. ' Getffith, Edwaed. London. Accepts S.'s apology. 27 July 1830. GuiLDiNG, Eev, Lansdown. No date. Autobiographical Notes ; expenses of an under- graduate at Oxford. St. Vincent. Notes on "West Indian collections and exchanges. 27 Sept. 1824. — Mentions the series of drawings on which he is engaged for a Pomona occidentalis by W. Hooker. 4 Sept. 1828. On St. Vincent Humming-birds and Ferns. LIXXE-O' SOCIETY OF LONDON . 37 St. Vincent. 9 April 1829. List of drawings "which G. could execute. '2S July 1829. Exchanges specimens with S. — Is afraid that his paper and drawiiios of the Insects of the Sugar-cane will sutler during publication. Appended are original notes on the term Fujni ; and on poisonous hsh. Haldemax, Samuel Stehmax. Philadelphia. Asks whether S. will sell him part of his Mollusca, Oct. 1840. himself bringing out a work on Limniadcs, about which he gives miscell. information. — Strong charges against Audubon who is not personally esteemed in America. — Critical remarks on S.'s Malacology in Cabin. Cyclop. — QuiscaJus purpurutus, Sw., is the male of Q. versicolor. — Thelulomus a larva-case. Hardwicke, Thomas. Clapham. A reply to S. — Difficulty of access to Xepaul. — 2i Oct. 1827. Has sent his entomol. collection to Linn. Soc, where imfortunatel}- Alex. McLeay had access to them. 21 Xov. 1827. Lambeth. Subscribes to S.'s works. — Seems to be dissatisfied 24 Dee. 1833. with the progress made by Gray with Illustr. Ind. Zoology ; S. seems to be ready to act as substitute. 22, 27, 28 Jan. 1834. Has arranged with Gray about his difficulties, so that S.'s htlp is not required. Haela>', Eichard. Philadelphia. About Ward, one of S.'s collectors — Audubon 20 Oct. 1829. industrious and proud — about exchanges of publications with the Academy — their present foreign Secretary uusatisfactor}'. Ha WORTH, Adeian Haedy. Chelsea. 17 Oct. 1821. 12 Feb. 1827. About his ' Lepidoptera Britannica ' — has a large herbarium — uever received anything from liatinesque in return for his consignments. 4 Aug. 1827. Has no faith in MacLeay's circles, " nor do I know of anyone who has, except Vigors and yourself." 26 Sept. 1827. About foreign works on Diptera, and his own collection of Lepidoptera. 28 Mar. 1828.1 tt- .• . . ... J. ^A•'>>i \ rlis dichotomous system. 24 Jan. 1829. On the same subject; "analogies the shadow of a shade." Hayxes, Miss W. IS May 1827. ) • I Dec. 1827. f 4 Jan. 1828. ' Xo date. ) 38 PEOCEEDIKGS OF THE Henrt, AVilliam. Manchester. 2 Dec. ]821. 21 Oct. 1827. Fonnation of Natural History Society. Mancliester Museum declines purchase of speci- mens offered by S. Henslow, Prof. JoHN^ Stevexs Cambrido-e. 20 Sept. 1826. 30 Mav 1828. Regarding Philosoph. Society and Jenyns. Regarding himself — invitation to S. HERMITflEE, Gr. Basse Terra. 31 Jan. 1818. 2 Sept. 1813. Addressed to Guilding. Addressed to W. Lockhead, Superint. Botan. Garden, St. Vincent : treats of the minera- logy of Tolcanic products and of the geo- logical history of the Gulf of Mexico and the Antilles. 8 July 1814. Addressed to Guilding — has sent to Pres. Roy. Soc. a memoir on geological changes in Guadeloupe. 2 Aug. 1816. Has not heard from Sir J. Banks about his memoir; has sent one to the Geological Society " on the primitive condition of the Antilles." — • Chemical notes. 19 Sept. 1819. Addressed to Guilding (?). About seeds sent by him. Heeschel, Sir John. 14 Feb. 1839. Thanks for a copy of the 'Statistical Zoology of Great Britain.' Hoalbeooke, T. Liverpool. 7 June 1814. Thanks from the L'pool Botan. Garden for seeds. Hodgson, C. Canterbury. 15 May 1840. Hogg, J. London. 7 Dec. 1839. HoiL, "William. London. 27 Dec. 1837. About publishing liis son's drawings. Sends S. a copy of his paper on Amphibia. Reply to a proposal regarding the ' Naturalist.' Home, Sir Eveeaed. London. Thanks for a copy of Zool. Illustr. 3 Jan. 1829. HooKEE, Sir William Jackson. Halesworth. Thanks for Mediterranean Cryptogams ; nothing 2 Oct. 1816. newamontrthem — has abandoned Entomology. 27 Jan. 1817. Sends list of Cryptogams — advises and encourages S. in makincr collections. I LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 39 Glasgow. 25 Nov. 1821. Has had to abandon ' Exotic Botany ' for want of artists. 7 Dec. 1822. Deplores S.'s failure with the Brit. Mus.— his own action in the matter — has still a hankeriii'^ 1 ^ misunderstanding between S. and H. about ^0 Amnl 1 82"' ( Insects and Books borrowed from the former, ^ " "' ) with a letter from S. 3 .Tan. 1824. 20 June 1829. Exchange of publications. 40 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE About a lost drawin"'. HoESEiELD, Thomas {cont.). London. 22 July 1829. Referring to miscellaneous matters in which H. difters from S. — On W. McLeay. 5 Oct. 1830. Proposes to visit S. 12 Mar. 1831. About duplicates in the India Museum. HOWITT, . Somers Town. No date. HowLET, Et. Eev. William. See Canteebury, Archbp. of. HUMPHEET, GeOEQE. London. 22 Sept. 1806. Wishes to obtain Argonauta with the animal. 22 Sept. 1824. HUNTEE, W. P. 30 Sept. 1830. 6 Oct. 1830. Jameson, Eobeet. Edinburgh. 5 Oct. 1819. 8 Mar. 1820. 1 Aug. 1820. Feb. 1821. Proposes to translate Azara. — About a Voyage of Discovery intended to be undertaken by " Buckingham." Referring to a notice of Neuwied's travels. Referring to the publication of a paper by S. To introduce J. Wilson. As to Leach's successor. Jaedine, Sir William. Jardine Hall. 10 Jan. 1827."^ On Zanius, Tachj/p/ionus, Sericulus. 1 Mar. 1827. | 8 Mar. 1827. J> About a variety of ornitholog. matter. 24 April 1827. 6 April 1829. J 4 Aug. 1829. 16 June 1830. 4 Aug. 1830. 27 Aug. 1830. 7 Sept. 1830. 17 Oct. 1830. 16 Nov. 1830. 19 Feb. 1831. 22 April 1831. About A. Smith's African travels ; he sends 700 birds to J.— A Madeira coll. of birds. Has purchased a series of North Amer. birds of S. — Miscellaneous ornithol. matters. Invites S. to a meeting at Edinburgh. — About the collector Drummond. The same subject. — About Fhcenicura. Referring to the arrangement of his edition of Wilson's N.-Amer. Ornithol. On a great variety of ornithol. matters. Jay, Dr. J. New York. Exchange of shells. 19 Sept. 1835. KiDD, J. Oxford. Cannot dissect animals for S., recommends Ogle. 18 Oct. 1827. LINNEAX SOCIETY Of LONDON. 41 King, Phillip, Capt. E.jS^. London. 1 Jan. 1831. Declines S.'s offer to draw the plates for his work. 21 Jan. 1831. KiRBT, William. Barliara. Does not profess to know Lepidoptera sufficiently 7 Feb. 1827. to judge of S.'s sj^stem. KlTJG, Prof. FUIEDKICH. Berlin. Thanks for consignment of Insects, sends Chrysids '21 Xov. ISIG. in return. 24Aprill820. ) 10 July 1820. j- Exchanges of Coleoptera. 21 Nov. 1820. ) KoxiG, Charles. Brit. Mus. 29 Sept. 1820. Reply to S.'s enquiries about Leach's health. 28 May 1822. Keferring to S.'s ttstimonals accompanying his candidature. 5 May 1824. Subscription for Mrs. Bowdich. Lafeesnaye, F. de. Calvadoes. 10 .July 1837. On various birds. 29 Mar. 1839. About tropical American Birds — is engaged on a Catalogue of Mexican birds. Lambert, Aylmer Bourke. London. On botanical subjects — Bonpland — Burchell — 11 Jan. 1816. Prof. Smith of Christiauia. Boyton House. 19 Sept 1816: 1 °° botanical subjects. London. 5 Dec. 1818. About the " Chili Pine." Landseer, Thomas. London. 5 Mar. 1827. £1 not too much for a vignette. 25 April 1828. ( ., , , TV- J ^i ■ About drawings. Iso date. ( ° Langsdoref, Geoeg Heikrich ton (Eussian Consul-Genera]). Brazil. Assists S. in Brazil. No date. Bio de Janeiro. 5 June 1818. Commissions S. to buy books for him. o June 1818. Presents S. with ferns and invites him. 27 Aug. 1818. Troubles about the servant and slave, S. left behind him. 12 Dec. 1818. On the same troubles — complains of S.'s silence — S. owes L. insects promised. 18 Feb. 1819.-^ 21 Aug. 1819. [■ On personal matters. 21 .\ug. 1819.J 21 Dec. 1819. News about travellers in Brazil. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Lardnee, Diontsius. London. 12 Sept. 1833 17 Sept. 3833 2 Nov. 1833 7 Nov. 1833. 9 Nov. Ib33. 13, 24, 30 June 1834. lo Julv 1834. 13 April 1836.^ 25 J line 1836. 1 27 April 1837. | 8 May 1837. ) 16 June 1837. | 16 Nov. 1837. I 10 Jan. 1838. j Latham, JoH]!f. Winchester. 19 Feb. 1828. Latham, E. Liverpool. 22 Dec. 1819. Business arrangements about the ' Cabinet Cyclo- paedia.'— S. stipulates for dra-^-ing the title- vignettes. Plan and Prospectus of the Cyclopaedia prepared byS. S.'s anxiet^^ about payments unreasonable. Arrangements completed — about the first (pre- liminary) volume, for which S. receives £200. S. is hopelessly in arrears udth his work, quarrels with L., and L. proposes further assistance (by G. Pt. Waterhouse). Exchange of publications. Annual produce of Sugar, Cotton and Tobacco of Bahia. La Tbobe, Charles Joseph. 28 Feb. 1839. Lea, Isaac. Philadelphia. 10 May 1827. 15 Oct. 1827, 4 April 1828. 5 Mar. 1829. 13 April 1829. 15 May 1829. 19 June 1829. Sends shells to S. Referring to the great variability in freshwater- shells. Short and formal. Complains of S.'s irregularity in correspondence — has the largest collection of river-shells, about 1500 species. On miscellaneous concholog. matters — no sale for costly works in America — advises against S. engaging in the description of American species — has reviewed Arctic Expeditions. On A-arious concholog. subjects. Leadbeater, B. London. 26 Feb. 1828. I ., , ^ , 17 Mar 18*^8 I ■^"'^^® "J ^ tradesman. Le Conte, Capt. John New York. June 1827. 25 Aug. 1827. Paris. 11 May 1828. Reply to S.'s application for specimens. Has sent insects to S. — high merits of Dejean's work — Harlan a very rash young man— cannot visit England. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 43 Lee, Mrs. Sarah. 7 Jan. 1840. Biographical notes of liev first husband, J. E Bowdich. Lees, ,J. C. < Mary-le-Bone. 24 Nov. 1820. Reply to S.'s enquiry about Leach's health. 14 Dec. 1828. ' Lempriere, T. J. Macquarie. 23 Jan. 1829. Hobart. 6 May 1880. 5 Aug. 1830. Newport. 9 April 1831. Port Arthur. 6 Oct. 1836. 14 Jan. 1839. Offers to collect for S. — Has sent two Ornitho- rhynchi to England. Chiefly about his own private affairs. Sends a consignment to S. ; list enclosed (duly received by S.). Letter from Mrs. L. — her husband ill. Sendsaconsignment of Mammals, Birds, andlnsects. Collects fish for Dr. Richardson. — Influenza in Tasmania. — Cost of living and prospects for S.'s son in the Colony. Lesson, Eene Primevere Paris. 28 Sept. 1828. 2 Oct. 1828. 9 Oct. 1828. 16 Jan. 1829. 15 Feb. 1829. Promises birds collected by his brother. Sends S. the Zoology of D'Urville's Voyage. About Biqyhaga. 16 Feb. 10 Dec. 1829. 1829. 24 April 1830. 10 May 1830. Critical remarks on S. made by Ij. in the first edit, of his Manual will disappear in the second — sends first part of his Humming-birds — about Psittacus isidori. On various Humming-birds — will send S. birds from the ' Astrolabe.' Description of the habits of Birds of Paradise (translated for S.). Sends some birds — about Vigors — Lesson's genera of Parrots. LiXDLET, Dr. John. Acton Green. 15 Nov. 1827. From Swain son. 7 Nov. 1827. 28 May 1840. Linn. Soc. Lond. London. 21Aprill812. 17 Deo. 1816. 16 April 1821. Reply to a letter, in which S. tries to per- suade him to introduce the numerical system into Botany — L. declines. Draft of a letter of S. in which he urges that a systematic methol, which is not equally applicable to Botany and Zoology, is valueless. S. elected an Associate. S. elected a Fellow. Official invitation to subscribe to a marble bust of Sir J. Banks. 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Lixx. Soc. LoND. (cont.). 6 Mar. 1821. Thanks for present of Zool. Illustr. 2d May 1828. Official invitation to subscribe towards purchase of Linn, collections — S.'s excuse for not con- tributing. Literary & Philos. Soc. Liverpool. (Hickman, T.) Liverpool. S. elected a member. 7 Dec. 1820. Literary Gazette. London. Can in future accept only reviews of works which 5 July 1827. S. has actually seen. LizARS, William Home. Edinburgh. 23 Dec. 1836. ( Transmits payment in respect of 1st vol. of 16 Dec. 1837. j" African Birds. 25 Jan. 1838. Remonstrates against S.'s overcharges for his contributions to the 'Naturalists' Library,' also Jardine thinks them exorbitant. 26 April 1835, Communicates extracts from Jardine's letters with the view of smoothing differences that have arisen between S. and Jardiue. 19 May 183S. 19 April 1839. Progress of ' Naturalists' Library.' LoDDiGEs, George. Hackney. List of the Humming-birds in his collection, which 17 Nov. 1827. he desires to increase with the view of preparing an illustrated Monograph. 6 & 28 May 1828. 1 8 & 20 Nov. 1828. } On the same subject. 5 Aug. 1829. \ 3 Oct. 1829. Burchell returning from Brazil — about R. A. Salisbury. 4 Sept. 1830. About the Leyden Museum — no dealers in Nat. Hist, in Holland or Belgium — exchange of Humming-birds. •>n A ^ ■'] 1 )^S I ( ^'^^'^^^t Humming-birds and their arrangement. 2 July 183o. Schomburgk a good collector ; condoles with S. on the loss of his wife. 21 Sept. 1837. llessage from Schomburgk — S. dilatory. 9 Nov. 1838. Treatment of bulbs from the Cape (Baron Ludwig). Longman & Co. London : ") 9 Feb. 1830. | 3 Oct. 1830. )>Statements of accounts. Mar. 1832. | Apr. 1882. J 1 Jan. 1833. '. Estimates of the extent of and author's payment 28 Mar. 1833. Eight letters, for S.'s MS. and drawings for Encycloptedia and ' Cabinet Cyclopaedia.' All these letters d. Nuv. 1833. ;> refer to negotiations between S., L., and LIXKEAX SOCIETY OF LONLON. 45 Three letters, I Lardner as to the transference of the Encyclop. d. Dec. 1833. | of Zooloo-y to Lardner's ' Cabinet Cyclo- I pfedia." S.'s hig-h demands are not accepted, J whereupon he breaks off neg-otiations. 6 & 17 Jan. 1834. Letters from S. to L. making his last proposals, 20 Jan. 1834. which are accepted by L. 24 Jan. 1834. 31 Jan. 1834. S. engages in a volume for Encyclopaedia of Geography.' 1 Feb. 1834. Prospectus of the same. Eight letters "^ of the same > Refer to ordinary incidents during printing, vear. J 18 Mar. 18.37. 3 May 1837. L. urge the delivery of MS. for the second Vol. of Birds, long due. 17 Aug. 1837. Increased demands for pay resisted by L. 24 April 1840. Pressing for completion of the ' Cabinet of Nat. Hist.' before S.'s departure. liOUDOif, John Clattdiits. Bayswater. A reply to S., proposes that in return for S.'s 5 & 12 Nov. 1827. contributions to L.'s Magazine, L. would collect herbaceous plants for him ; suggests a paper on Cockchafer. 8 April 1828. About Audubon. 10 Oct. 1830. Accepts S.'s proposal to write a paper in vindica- tion of certain French Naturalists (cfr. Loud. Mag. N. H. 1831). 5 & 23 Mar. 1831.) ^. 11 J""^18-^l- I Business letters. Liverpool, \ 13 July 1831.) Bayswater. Referring to the attack by a critic on S.'s arlicle 16 Sept. 1831. " Insects " in the Encyclop. of Agriculture. 23 Sept. 1831. Referring to other controversies, in which S. is 1 Oct. 1831. engaged. 27 Jan. 1834. Referring to an attack made by Dr. Rennie on S. and L. 9 Feb. 1834. On the same matter — " the Magazine has more contributors than piirchasers." Lowndes, "William. London. About the difficulties attending the completion 23 Nov. 1818. of Haworth's * Lepidopteia.' LWXWZ. Nottingham. Anonvmous. 29 May 1840. Mackrill, W. J. Capetown. Offers to collect in S. Africa for the Bullock 12 April 1819. Museum. 46 PEOCEEDINGS or THE McClelland, John. Calcutta. Sends this letter by Cantor ; describes bis collecting 8 Nov. 1837. fishes and birds; has sent specimens and drawings to E. I. Comp. 29 Oct. 1838. A long letter about bis researches into the history and arrangement of Cyprinidfe. Complains of the hostile spirit in which his labours are treated by his superiors who claim specimens & MSS. ; his adoption of circidar systems is also viewed with disfavour. McLbat, Alexan London. 17 Jan. 1816. 17 Oct. 1816. 22 Feb. 1817. 27 Feb. 1819. 20 Aug. 1819. 28 Aug 1819. l.'iMar. 1821. 18 Feb. 1822. 6 Mar. 1822. 6 Mar. 1822. DEE (Sec. Linn. Soc). About Orchid roots sent by S. to Sir J. E. Smith. Ab(nit engaging a collector for S.'s journey to Brazil. Sends letters of introduction to follow S. — Recom- mends enquiry into the history of the Diamond bettle. Francillon's sale of Insects. Referring to S.'s relations to two of his Brazilian hosts. lias not bougbt S.'s books. Copies of letters of S. to M. regarding the " Dr. Dickson " squabble in Rio. Reply by M. MacLeay, "William Sharp. London. First letter from M. to S. whom be does not 20 Aug. 1818. know personally; has just returned from France. — About his father's entomolog. col- lection and contemporary entomolog. litera- ture, July 1830. Draft of a letter of S. to M. — He remonstrates with M. about having made an attack upon Fleming. No good comes from such attacks, he himself regretting his attack upon Gray to whom he is reconciled. Havanah. M.'s reply : will try to be '' a good boy in future," 27 Nov. 1830. and be back in England within a year to meet any demands that may be made upon him in the matter. London. Offer of assistance, if S. should visit the West 8 Mar. 1837. Indies ; wishes him to be reconciled to Vigors. 32 May 1838. 19 Sept. 1838. Goino: to Australia. [Mantell, W. B. D.] A MS. " On the Botany of Tahiti," read before the Wellington Philosoph. Soc. in 1870. See Trans. New Zeal. Inst. Vol. vi. App. This MS. was found among S.'s papers after his death, and communicated by W. B. D. Mantell. It is not in S.'s handAvriting. linneax society of londox. 47 Makryat, F. Cape Town. On Crown-pigeons — specimens from St. Helena. No date. Marten", T., Secretary Liverpool E. Institution. Liverpool. 15 Mar. 1820. Thanks for assistance in this Museum. "^ A 'l A 9,^0 ( ^^^ ^° ^"'^ candidature in the Brit. Mus. 12 Feb. 1824. Iiecognition of S.'s services to the Institution. No date. Matois^, William George. London. 8 Nov. 1816. Thanks for present of shells. 25 Jan. 1822. About a testimonial desired by S. Ma AVE, Mrs. London. 6 Sept. 1824. Wants S. to buy a collection of shells for her. 12 Feb. 1830. Michelotti, Yittohio. Turin. 20 May 1838.1 j. . . ,t ^. 2S T 1 18^8 ( Lxenange 01 publications. Miller, J. Canterburv. About a General Mille'rs collection. 6 Nov." 1829. Mou^'T^*ORRIS, Lord. See A>*>'eslet, Gr., 1st Earl. MUIRHEAD, L. Glasgow. 17 Feb. 1821. About omitholog. articles which he writes for Brewster. 10 Mar. 1821. Some misunderstandings with S. who, he hope?;, will supply part of the promised illustrations. 7n TV' * looi'^ Presses for contributions from S. 21 Nov. 1821. \ 8 Jan. 1822. Brewster cuts down the articles on Ornithology 27 April 1822. by one-half ; no more illustrations required. — About S.'s candidature. 17 Dec. 1822. ' Naturalist's Guide.' 29 Dec. 1822. Introduces Dr. Rennie. MrRRAT, JOHX. London. Business letters. 7 & 17 Dec. 1829. Batterer, Johann. Ypanema. Criticises several genera of Birds — personal news 14 Dec. 1819. about himself. Santos. Sends S. some birds — wants books in return. 3 April 1820. 48 PB,OCEEDI>'GS OF THE Nafdi, C. Malta. 14 July 1807. 18 Oct. 1807. Sends S. Coleoptera. 15 Aug. 1808. On some Insects. JN'oEwicH, Bishop of. See Stanley, Rt. Rev. Edward. NuTTALL, J., a Bird-stuffer. 4 letters. 1819. Ogilbt, W. London. 20 Nov. 1837. 17 July 1838. Message from Riippell as to missing books. Ogle, James Adet. Oxford. 7&8N0V. 1827. I ., . .■ r • wc. • OS e)i) -i-v iR-?"- 1 About dissecting an animal (o. ffiffas :^). 16 April 1828. Catalogue of Ashmolean Museum. Oeu, George. Philadelphia. 18 Aus. 1824. Gives all his specimens to the Philadelph. Academy ; will arrange for an exchange of Birds — Wilson's Ornithology — Prince Bona- parte. Sends S. tliree shells from Demerara. Parker, C. S. George Town. 5 July 1824. Parkinson, Eev. H. Barbadoes. Addressed to J. Leslie. Wants help in Orni- 30 Aug. 1837. thology for a work on Barbadoes which he intends to prepare. Paenell, Richard. Edinburgh. His memoir in Werner. Trans, was originally Jan. 1839. twice the size in which it was allowed to appear — intends to bring out a history of the lishes of Scotland — on Tn'gla — has a large collection of fishes — leaves for Jamaica. Peale, Titian Ramsey. Philadelphia. Exchange of Birds with Philadelph. Academy. 22 Aug. 1824. Pearson, J. T. Calcutta. 16 Mar. 1837 Sends some fluviatile shells. Philadelphia Academy. (Haines, R.) 23 April 1830. S. elected Corr. Member. LIlfKEAN SOCIETY OF LONJJOX. 49 Pbetost, — Paris. 14 Oct. 1828 . Quebec Literakt Society. (Sheppard, C. C.) 19 Nov. 1836. S. elected Hon. Member. Eapfles, Eev. Thomas. Liverpool. Offers objects to Liverpool Museum. 5 Jan. 1820. Eapinesque-Schmaltz, Consta2s'tixe Samuel. Palermo. 3 & 18 Oct. 1809. Sends S. various minerals ; wishes to obtain the Latin names of the species in S.'s Sicilian collection. 31 Jan. 1810. Has apparently described the byssus of a shell as 24 Mar. 1810. Lamaxis glomerulata — asks S. to obtain for bim a variety of specimens and books. 6 May 1810. Communicates to S. the names of some common Sicilian birds. 20 May 1810. Sends S. a number of copies of his " books " (Caratteri ?) to sell ; offers S. books which he has for sale. 0 July 1810. States that he has described more than 100 new Sicilian fishes ; that he knows Bloch and Lacepede — gives a list of the plants found by him. 22 July 1810. List continued — encourages S. to take up the study of Ichthyology, recommending the examination of small Fish (Fragaglia) — on his additions to the Fauna of Sicily — species of Lizards — collects for Lady Amherst — two new plants. 15 Aug. 1810. ' Statistica di Sicilia ' — more new fishes. 1 Sept. 1810. Receives from S. plants and insects, some of the former he considers incorrectly named — is preparing for the Linn. Soc. a paper on Verbena nudijlora, L., which is a compound of five species — ' Indice d'lttiologia ' — new genus of Crabs. 6 Sept. 1810. "Wants to purchase 'Encyclop. method.' 12 Sept. 1810. About shells picked up dead — Crossbill at Palermo — the new genus of Crabs — about spirit- specimens — two new genera of Mollusks— sends S. a set of plants ^^-ith list — new plants — corrects S.'s determinations of plants — S. should not publish R.'s MS. remarks or determinations. 7 Oct. 1810. List of plants collected by R. on an excursion. 7 Jan. 1811. Referring to mutual disappointments — is engaged on a Catalogue of Sicilian Birds — complains of S.'s want of attention to his numerous requests — a new Shrimp. (Appended s S.'s list of Sicilian plants.) LUfX. SOC. PEOCEEDDTGS. — SESSIOX 1899-1900. 6 5° rnocEEDiNGS or the Ea-I'inesque-Schmaltz, C. S. (cont,). 7 April 1811. Thanks for S.'s list 22 June 1811. 4 July 1811. 10 July 1811. 15 Oct. 1811. 12 Dec. 1811. 7 Jan. 1812. 12 Jan. 1812. On Messina. 13 Jan. 1812. Palermo. IFeb. 1812. sends Lim his own in return. On various botanical subjects — on the manifold works he is engaged in at present. On miscell. botanical matters — catalogues various classes of the Sicil. Fauna ; does not well rmderstand Insects. Sends S. plants with list. Sends S. American plants and a list of the Crustacea of Sicily comprising 34 " genusses " and 95 species. Reiterates his request for plants. On miscell. matters, chiefly botanical, already referred to in previous letters — a new genus of Crabs. zoolog. and botan. books useful for S., and wanted by himself. Letter from S. to R., descriptive of his entomolog. collection, and of supposed new fishes — contemplates a ' Fauna sicula.' A cool reply from R. to foregoing letter^ — tells S. that S.'s collection is very incomplete, naming some of his " new " species — will collect fishes in spirit for S. Has collected some 30 fishes for S. — gives a list of the insects of Barbary found also in Sicily. Continues coUectiuo: fishes — new crabs. 7 Feb. 1812. Feb. 1812. Mar. 1812. 3 April 1812. Dissatisfied with S. as correspondent — gives S. advice as to his journey to Greece. A list of 310 Sicilian Birds. Q Oct. 1813. Interruption of correspondence partly owing to financial matters, partly to S.'s absence in (Greece — R. is a candidate for the chair of Botany in Palermo — sends Prospectus of anew encyclopsed. journal. 5 May 1813. About the new journal — regrets that S.'s journey to Greece proved unsatisfactory — has Shaw's works, but not Bloch's — offers sets of plants for sale— Botany in Palermo — would take any post for " a trifling annuity '' — has sent four tracts to Linn. Soc. — contents of the first number of ' Specchio delle Scienze ' — has paid little attention to Entomology — number of Sicilian fishes 420. 1 Dec. 1813. Desires to enlarge S.'s list of 150 Maltese plants into a Florula nielitensis — there are ten Natural Classes of Plants — corresponds with J. E. Smith & J. Banks, but they are scarce of their favours — desires to be an Assoc. Linn. Soc. and Professor of Agriculture in Palermo. 10 June 1815. A characteristic letter, full of commissions which S. is expected to execute for R, in Naples. 18 June 1815. .' LIXXEA.X SOCIErr OF LOXDOX, SB Xew York. Is wrecked ou his voyage to America — appeals 1-5 Jan. 1816. for a new supply of books— is not discourapred and will yet publish great works. Pliiladelphia. Contents aud style as of preceding letter — claims 22 Mar. 1816. priority for names of X. Anier. plants versus P '? 7 May 1816. Like preceding letters — complains of not hearing from S. Xew York. Engaged in ichthyolog. studies. 15 July 1816. Lexintrton. Promises to send collections to S. — ^Prodromus 1 Feb. 1820. of American Shells. 10 April 1820. The consignments sent by R. and S. have failed to reach their destination — the various works R. is engaged in at present. 33 June 1820. A letter in the usual style — will send plants to Dr. Hooker — Clifford's death. 8 July 1820. On 18 new natural families of plants. lo Aug. 1820. 10 Oct. 1820. One of R.'s characteristic letters — complains of S. not publishing his papers — is engaged in a paper ou Meteors — has expended £'20 or £30 in shells for S. 1 Feb. 1321. Some of the consignments passing between R. and S. have arrived — R. sends plants to Dr. Hooker. 20 Dec. 1821. Full of new works on every possible subject — wanted his MSS. to be returned by the Linn. Soc. but is refused — sends descriptions of live new birds. Philadelphia. A long pathetic letter ; a mixture of complaints 10 Oct. 1839. of unjust treatment by Xatui-alists with descriptions of new fish, and with exposition of a new system of Xature. 24 Feb, 1840. Two letters in the usual style ; complaina of S.'s 15 Mar. 1840. inattention to his requests. 23 Mar. 1840. Acknowledged receipt of letter from S. — recom- mends him to introduce cotton into Australia. 10 April 1840. Collects Unios for S. April 1840. On various shells described by R . MS. notes on the Unionidas of X. America. Eathbone, W. 26 Feb. 1834. Cannot afford to subscribe to S.'s works. Eeddell, G. S. London. Offers his Museum for sale. 29 Mar. 1820. Eees, Dr. London. 31 Jan. 1822. Eenwle, James. Lee. 17 May 1818. Testimonial. Referring to the Quinary system. 52 PEOCEEDIKGS OP THE EiCHARDSOX, Sir John. Chatham. 18 June 1829. Dumfrie.s. 8 July 1829. London. 24 Sept. 1829. No date. London. 5 Dec. 1829. Chatham. 18 Dec. 1829. 1,2, & 24 Mar. 1830. 4,13, & 25 Apr. 1880. 7 May 1830. ] & 13 June 1830. 5 Oct. 1830. 17 Oct. 1830. 24 Oct. 1830. 31 Oct. 1830. 2 Nov. 1830. 10 Nov. 1830. 16 Nov. 1830. 21 Nov. 1830. 30 Nov. 1830. 13 Dec. 1830. 2 Jan. 1831. ( 20 Peb. 1831. j 13 Mar. 1831. 16,22&25Mar.l831.( 5 April 1831. ( London. 13 April 1831. 22 April 1831. Chatham. 25 April 1831. Referring to the expenses of Faun. Bor.-Amer. — proposes to S. names for new genera. Murray complains of the expenses — R. is scarcely reimbursed for his own — referring to JS.'s payment. Sends S. £61 — he prepares the descriptions of Birds. On Cinclus pallasii. R.'s notes to be kept distinct fromS.'s — on various names of birds — Kirby's entomol. contribution to Fauna Bor.-Amer. Meeting with S. Referring to the progress of tlieir joint work on Birds; S.'s MS. rather backward — R. obtains for S. the loan of the birds in the Chatham Museum. R. urges S. to get on with his MS., as by his delay he is endangering the continuation of the whole undertaking, which requires help from Government. — Curious statement about Beechey's collection of Birds. ''Gould, the stuff er to the Zool. Soc," has his Century of Himalayan Birds in hand — about "Ward — is still working at the descriptions of the Land-birds. Is not versmt in the mode of forming Latin names from the Greek — will take S.'s advice and abridge his descriptions. S. unwell. R. is impatient of the continued delay, and reminds S. of their mutual relations to the work. About Finches — referring to Roy. Soc. progress of Ducks and The new Pres. Roy. Soc. — referring to miscel laneous matters. On Drummond, a collector — slow their work — on the genei'a of Waders. Referring to their joint work. Is mistrustful of French Naturalists. Referring to their joint work. Generously ottering to S. to give S.'s name as the authority for all new species. Can admit S. into the Museum of the Zoolog. Soc, but cannot open the cases on account of Vigors's jealousv {cfr. Yitrors's replv in Loud. Mag. N. H. 183i). I LiyXEAX SOCIETY OF LONDON. 53 London. 2Mavl83]. 5, 13, 22, & 26 Mav 1831. 20 & 29 June 1831. 12 July 1831. Scolojja.v wilsonii, Lestris. Eefen-ing to their joint work. As to the distribution of the specimens collected by R. 31 July 1831. The Treasury decide that one set should go to the Zoolog. Society, and the duplicates to the Edinburgh Museum and Swaiuson — none to the Brit Mus. ,^ The Birds of the Faun. Bor.-Am. all but completed. Excuses himself for not adopting S.'s generic names, and bids him farewell. 5 Aus-. 1831 14 Oct. 1831 Ilaslar. 15 Feb. 1840 KoGET, Petee Maek, Secretary Roy. Soc. liOndon, Will write his Encyclop. article on Comparative 22 Oct. 1827. Anatomy conformable to S.'s views. 7 Jan. 1828. About Mexican Mining shares — two enclosures refer to Mexican birds and a Cicada. 3 Mar. 1829. Referring to Capt. Phillips's candidature for the Roy. Soc. 9 Mar. 1830. Audubon to be balloted for at the Roy. Soc. 5 Dec. 1830. Affairs of the Roy. Soc. in a critical state. 2 Mar. 1831. Referring to affairs of the Roy. Soc. — on S.'s 12 Mar. 1831. vindication of French Naturalists (cfr. Loud. Mag. N. H. 1831). 21 Dec. 1831. KoGET, Mrs. London. About engaging an Assistant Compiler. 5 Dec. 1827. EoscoE, William. Toxteth. On a painting bv Titian 20 Dec. 1824. Eoux, P. Marseilles. 8 Sept. 1829. Exchange of publications — wants Crustaceans. Royal Society. (Hudson, J.) London. 6 Nov. 1830. Summons to a Committee meeting. RccKEE & Co. London. 2(5 Oct. 1819. 54 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE EiJppELL, Eduard. Frankfurt. 3 April 1 837. Although relations with S. hitherto not very satis- 26 Sept. 1837. factory, E. proposes exchange of publications. 12 Mar. 1838. On the same subject — about Ehrenberg's collection of fishes — receives collections from the Ohio. 5 Sept. 1838. Eeferring to exchanges. St.-Hilaiee, Geofprot. Paris. Valenciennes visits London — St. H. asks for a 19 Dec. 1829. work on S. African Mammals which he had seen in London. Does not understand English — exchanges with the Paris Museum impracticable. 4 Mar. 1838. Cannot send S. ' Description de I'Egypte ' on account of bulk of work, or even arrange for the loan of a copy — gives particulars as to the volume on Fishes. Samouelle, Geoege. London. 29 Feb. 1820. Names 360 insects for 6 guineas. 16 Nov. 1827. Very few of the Hj-menoptera and Diptera in the Brit. Mus. are determined. SCHOMBITEGK, Sir EOBEET HEEMANTf. No date. List of South American Mammals and Birds sent S., with notes by Sch. ScoEESBT, William {the elder ?). Birmingham. No date. 27 Nov. 1818. Selbt, Peideaitx John. Twizell House. 24 Nov. 1828.V Sends a pair of Grouse. 28 Oct. 1829. Muscicapa atricapilla. 30 Dec. 1829. Cygmis bewicJcii — Gold-crests. 27 July 1830. The summer was so unseasonable that migiants left the North two months before the proper time : all their broods destroyed — on the habits of various small birds. Sellon, F. Nazare. Offer of Brazil ian birds — messages from Langsdortf 15 Dec. 1817. and Freyriss. Shaepless, John T. Philadelphia. Exchange with Maclurian Museum. 15 Sept. 1828. Shaw, Dr. Geoege. Malta. Letter from S. to Shaw, offering drawings of 20 Aug. 1813. Birds and Marine animals, made from life, for * Naturalists' Miscellany.' LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 55 Sheee, E, (All these letters are addressed to Guilding.) Tortola. 18 June 1826.1 8 Oct. 1826. I 15 & 27 Jan. 1827. 8 Feb. 1827. 22 May 1827. 7 Sept. 1827. 16 May 1828. 9 Aug. 1828. 5 July 1829. 11 Jan. 1830. 24 Sept. 1833. j Shepherd, John". Liverpool. Directions for packinp^ roots. 25 May 1817. Thanks for present of Grasses and Ferns. An industrious collector of the marine invertebrates occurring near his residence, all of which he sent to L. Guilding. They were principally shells, but also of other classes ; many of the specimens were accompanied by remarks. Sheer noticed several varieties of Pentacrinus. Shuckaud, "William Edward. Chelsea. Enumerates the entomolog. publications of the 10 July 1840. day. 14&22 Aug. 1840. Referring to an arrangement with S. to write jointly an entomolog. work, he engaging to correct S.'s part. 29 Sept. 1840. Engaged upon the same work. Sims, John. London. As to conducting the ' Botanical Magazine.' 8 May 1820. Skaifb, J. Blackburn. 15 July 1835. Smith, Sir Andrew. About completing his set of S.'s works. Cape Town. 6 April 1830. Chatham. 13 Dec. 1837. 22 Dec. 1837. Smith, Egerton. 10 Sept. 1819. Smith, Sir James Edward. Sends S. a box of birds — on Fringillalauda. Referring to some misunderstandings with S. — defends the use of native names for species — identifies some of S.'s species with his. A continuation of last letter — is not jealous of Burchell. Norwich. 15 Jan. 1816. 2 Feb. 1819. Mar. 1819. 7 Mar. 1819. Returns thanks for present of plants. Referring to plants sent to him by S. Copy of letter of S. to Smith, offering his col- lection of plants for being worked out by any botanist Smith may select. Smith refers to his own labours in Botany, but recommends Brown. 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOMMER, M. C. Altona. 6 Nov. 1819. 6 Dec. 1820. Southern, Th. London. 3 Jan. 1827. Oct. 1827. 13 Nov. 1827. Nov. 1827. 9 Jan. 1828. Mar. 1828. 4 April 1828. 7 July 1828. 2 Aug. 1828. Patrinbourne. 22 Dec. 1830. 30 Jan. 1831. 1 April 1831. Sowerby & Bro. London. 16 Jan. 1824. Soaverby, G-eorge London. 28 Dee. 1821. 2 May 1828. Sowerby, James. London. 8 Nov. 1820. Spalding, TiYman. Nevr York. 6 June 1820. Stanley, Edward Knowsley. 28 Feb. 1840. No date. Entonaolog. exchanges. A reply to S.'s intention of enpraging in writing on political subjects, and of living nearer to London. Illegible. About S.'s idea of engaging an Assistant. Asks for information as to LevaiUant. About the ' Spectator.' S.'s article on Humming-birds declined by the ' Westminster ' — the ' Spectator ' — on literary plans. Personal about himself. Referring to a case of fossils for America. Brettingham, jjrimus. Referring to some misunderstanding between them. Asks for completion of the article on Laniidcs — S. declines. About illustrations — Clifford's fossils. Smith, 13th Earl of Derby. i Referring to the purchase of S.'s ornithological collections and drawings offered by S., with draft of S.'s reply. Stanley, Et. Eev. Edward, Bishop of Norwich. Aldemey. 17 Oct. 1820. 17 Jan. 1829. London. 6 April 1839 4 April 1840. Offers a testimonial in reply to S.'s application for assistance in his endeavours to be placed on the Civil List. i I! linnea^t society of london. 57 Stephens, James Feancis. London. 7 Nov. 1816. About collecting apparatus. 1 May 1822. 22 Jan. 1822. 22 Aug. 1827. Sw. subscribes to St.'s Catalogue. 22 Sept. 1827. About the plan of his Catalogue. 6 Oct. 1827. 6 Nov. 1827. 8 Dec. 1827. Is too much engaged to reply to Sw.'s enquiry. 2 Feb. 1828. About the term Li/ccenidce. 7 Aug. 1828. His work costs him as much as it brings in — Sw. cannot afford to continue his subscription. ION 1 8^9* ( ®*' ^^^^ ^°^ ^^ amount of subscription due. Stephenson, Dr. J. Spithead. Cannot send his Birds, as he is going abroad. 27 Jan. 1831. Stewaet, C. a. St. Vincent. May be useful as a collector. 25 Sept. 1833. Stewaet, J. New York. Exchange of Lepidoptera. 7 Nov. 1820. Stutchbtiby, H. & S. London. 6 Mar. 1829. Dec. 1830. Ofters shells for sale. Bristol. 23 April 1834. About the Bristol Institution. Sykes, William; Heney, Colonel. London. Referring to the publication of Hodgson's draw- 14 May 1839. ings of fish. Tayloe, Isaac. Essex. 1 & 17 June 1840. Tayloe, J. 20 Aug. 1824. 4Apriil828. Tayloe, Richaed. London. 22 Sept. 1820. Suggestions as to S.'s publications. 10 Feb. 1827. TemminCk, Coenbaad Jacob. Paris. ' Planches Coloriees ' — wants a drawing by S. 3 May 1824. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Thelwall, J. London. 5 Jan. 1819. On Stammerins:. TOEEET, JOHIs^. New York. 8 Aug. 1820. 9 April 1821. Collects plants for W. Hooker. Tealll, Thomas Stewaet, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence, Edinburgh. Liverpool. 7 Aug. 1820. 2G Jan. 1821. 25 Mar. 1821. i 20 June 1821. 26 Jan. 1822. 27 Jan. 1822. 10 Feb. 1822. 22 April 1822. 6 April 1823. 29 Nov. 1823. 4 Jan. 1824. 8 May 1824. 27 July 1824. 9 Sept. 1824. No date. 7 Feb. 1825. 6 Aug. 1825. 4 Feb. 1827. 20 Jan. 1829. Dissection of Toucan's head. Recommends the use of the Wemerian nomen- clature of colours. Expressive of intimate friendship. Intends to employ all his energy and diplomacy for the success of S.'s candidature in the Brit. Mus. Referring to S.'s " little grammatical confusions." Prescriptions for preserving specimens and arsen- ical soap. Highly indignant at the failure of S.'s candi- dature— the Archbishop and other Trustees ought to be exposed in the press. Is preparing the materials for a crusade against the Brit. Mus. and the Trustees, the article being intended for the Edinb. Review — infor- mation is supplied by S., whose name, however, must be kept in the background. Leeds Museum — Marriage of S. The article has appeared anonymously, and is effective. Analysis of Mexican coal. First child of S.'s born — on Mexican coal — Roy. Soc. takes up the charges of mismanagement in the Brit. Mus. Long's Panama shells sold to Bulwer — dissects an Emu. Has written another article about the Brit. Mus., in which the secrecy of S.'s part in it is main- tained by equivocal expressions — has done much anatomical work. Has received information that Franklin's Arctic collections have been neglected in the Brit. Mus. — subject for another article. What is the price S. puts on his collections r* Again engaged in an attack upon the Brit. Mus., which probably will appear in the ' West- minster ' ; it must be strictly anonymous. Supplies a list of Nepaul birds received in L'pool. — critical remarks on zoolog. systems ; deplores excessive subdivision. LIXyEA>' SOCIETY OF LOXDO:S. 59 TuRTOX, William. Torquay. Haliotis. 16 April 1823. Valexciexnes, a. Paris. Asks S. to send drawings of his new fishes to 17 Jan. 1830. Cuvier. Vigors, Xicholas Atlwaed. Chelsea. 6 .June — 19 April 1824. "Wishes to arrange for an interriew with S. to discuss the classification of Birds. 21 April 1824. Desires to introduce S. to Bell and Children. 28 June 1824. Myiothera — wishes S. to write omitholog. papers for Zoolog. Journal — subdivision of Anatidce — Falconidce. 5 July 1824. Is indignant at Gray's attack upon S. — complains of mismanagement of Zoolog. Journ. — asks for a reply from S. — on Austral, birds — refers to a joint general work on Birds. 11 & 20 Aug. 1824. On the same subject. 7 Sept. 1824. Referring to S.'s paper for the forthcoming number — Sarpyia. 16 Oct. 1824. About Zoolog. Journal — thinks Brit. Mus. would be useful to S. and Zool. Journ. Noy. 1824. S. and the Zool. Club of the Linn. Soc— Tahiti Parrots and other birds. 4 Dec. 1824. On the same subjects — as to S.'s criticism of Vigors 's classification. 8 Dec. 1824. Encourages Traill to write for Zool. Journ. — on various ornithol. matters — Papers ought to be published first, and then discussed at the meetings of a Society. 26 Jan. 1825. S. has been elected a member of the Zoolog. Club — S. is not as cordial a supporter of the Zool. Joum. as V. would desire, apparently on account of the in-egidarity of remuneration, which V. does not understand. 29Apnll825. No date. Sjnonjmj oi Sylvnda in confusion — referring to the variance of opinion among Quinarians as to single or multiple affinities. No date. Referring to his paper on classification of Birds in Linn. Trans. ; explains the reason why generic divisions are excluded from the paper — asks S.'s advice on several points. 31 Dec. 1825. Urges S. not to lose priority in some Mexican bii-ds, as Jardine has taken up the matter — about Toucans and Thrushes. Nov. 1827. Zool. Club of the Linn. Soc. Wagner, William. Philadelphia. Exchange of specimens. 20 June 1838. 6o PROCEEDIXGS OP THE Wallich, Nathaniel. Calcutta. 18 July 1819. A reply to S., who had sent to him Sicilian and Brazilian plants — about Indian collections — Roscoea. 23 Aug. 1819. Sends a consignment of Indian plants ; encloses a Grass. "Wabwick, J. London. 4 Nov. 1820. 9 April 1831. 1 Waterhouse, Geoege Egbert. London. Ahout loan or exchange of specimens of Fishes in 13 Nov. 1838. in Zoolog. Soc.'s Museum. Waterton, Charles. Walton Hall. 29 Mar. 1828. I Describes the habits of Trogon, Tamalia, Barbet, 15 April 1828. j Jacamars. 7 Aug. 1828. ■ 8 Aug. 1828. His birds are now inaccessible. " If Ornithologists have nothing to say of a Bird, they discuss its nomenclature." Weir, T. C. B. London. 27 & 29 Mar. 1837 Has recently returned from the Gambia with birds and shells which he offers to S. — First discoverer of Protopterus, of which he brought home specimens in bottles and enclosed in lumps of clay. Westwood, John Obadiah. Chelsea. 9 Mar, 18.S0. Proposes to visit S. 2N-) 1830 (Keferring to the plan of a Zoological Encyclo- ■ J pfedia, in which too little space is allotted to j Entomology ; application of Quinarian system ( impossible. 21 Dec. 1830. 10 Jan. 183L 18 & 27 Jan. 1831. 1 Feb. 1831, 11 Mar, 1831, 24 & 28 Mar, 1831. 19 May 1831, 30 June 1831, — 1837, 16 Apr, 1838. 10 May 1838, Hammersmith, About the proposed entomolog, work. About the progress of the work. Copy of a letter of S. to "W. regarding a mis- leading statement by W. in which he ridicules S.'s views on typical perfection and subtypical imperfection. W.'s reply, disclaiming statement. 23, 25, & 28 Mar. 1840. Kt r +• v * • • ^ ^ i i 30 Anr 1840 (■J^^oOti^.tions about a joint entomolog, work. White, Adam. Brit. Mus. 21 Aug. 1840. About collecting Insects in New Zealand. LIN'^'EAX SOCIETY OF LONDON'. 6 1 "Wi£D, Prince Max. Xeuwied. Spix's figures very bad — ou liis own publications, 3 Jan. 1829. WiLsox, James. Edinburgh. No date. About " Temminck's Conurus " and other mis- cellaneous matters. 2 Jan. 1829. 6 Mar. 1829. 9 Oct. 1829. 28 May 1831. A long letter — S. might be useful to him. "WiXTEn, Th. Hobart. No date. On the habits of Tasmanian birds. Wood, Xeville. Doncaster. Asks for S.'s portrait and biography. 19 June 1838. "Wood, William. London. "j 27 June 1819. Leamington. 19 Aug. 1819. ^ Referring to prices and purchases of books ; ort'ers London. [" £'J;0 for S.'s copy of Poli and Delle Chiaje. 2(3 Noy. 1819. | 9 Dec. 1819. | 3 Feb. 1820. J WOOLCOMBE, T. Deyonport. 27 Feb. 1840. | About a Plymouth Company for settlements in 6 & 24 Mar. 1840. )' New Zealand. Taeeell, William. London. 5 Mar, 1828. About the habits of the [Butcher-bird— sends S. figures of tracheae. 5 April 1828. Sends S. list of British Birds— the Eagle and the Cat. 9 Jan. 1829. Ofiers help in comparing Arctic yyith British birds. 16 June 1837. Catalogue of Birds in the Zoolog. Gardens. 19, 21, 23 Mai'. 1838. About the best localities on the South coast for examining ;fish — elementary instructions for preserying them. 7 & 14 May 1833. "^^'ill send Cepola rubescem. 18 May 1838. Sends several specimens — Acanthurns leucosfernon. 13 July 1838. About Ophidiiim and the figures in his ' British Fishes.' 30 July 1838. 1 4 Sept. 1838. \ About Ophidmn and Cepola. 14 Dec. 1838. j Zoological Society of Loxdox. (Vigors, iS". A.) London. Thanks for Zooi. Illustr. 17 Jan. 1829. 62 PKOCEEDINGS OP THE ]\[r. r. DuCaiie Godraan then moved : — " That the thanks of the Society be given to the President for his excellent Address, and that he be requested to allow it to be printed and circulated amoug the Pellows ; '"' and this, having been seconded by Mr. How ard Saunders, was carried unanimously. The Gold Medal of the Society was then formally presented to Pi'of. Alfred Newton, M.A., F.R.S., in recognition of his im- portant services to Zoological Science, by the President in the following terms : — " The Society's Gold Medal has been awarded by the Council to Alfred Newton, Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at the University of Cambridge, in recognition of his eminent services to Zoology, " In stating the grounds on which the Council has made this selection, I need ouly refer to some of the Medallist's principal contributions to our knowledge. Prom an early period of his life he concentrated the best of his energies to observation and research in the field of Ornithology ; he spared no time, no pains to secure to his investigations the highest possible degree of perfection and reliability. The life-history of British Birds naturally was the first subject of his study, and, after years of patient enquiry, two volumes of the latest edition of Yarrell's work became the depository of a portion of the results of his labours. His papers on the Great Auk and the Sand-grouse mark an epoch in our knowledge of the history of those birds. " Taking up the unfinished work of his early friend, Wolley, he continued the investigations of this able ornithologist, and during his visits to Scandinavia, the Paroe Islands, Iceland, and Spitsbergen, he collected many important facts, in addition to, or correction of, our previous knowledge of the Arctic Avifauna. " The presence in Mauritius of his brother. Sir Edward (1859-77), gave a fresh impetus to the investigation of the Fauna of the Mascarene and Seycbelle Islands. The results of the ex- plorations, which were partly conducted or initiated by Sir Edward himself, partly assisted by him, surpassed our most sanguine expectations. I need not say that our Medallist had his share in these achievements, and the, perhaps, most important, the elucidation of the history and osteology of the Solitaire, was their joint work. " But our Medallist's work was not confined to faunistic and monographic research : it ranged over a much wider field, and comprised those numei'ous and excellent articles in the ' Encyclo- paedia Britannica,' which he afterwards collected and issued, with many additions, as ' A Dietionarj^ of Birds.' Supplementing his own contributions by those of the palaeontologist and morphologist, he succeeded in producing a compendium of Ornithology with a completeness of information for which he has earned the lasting gratitude of all engaged in zoological studies. The Introduction I L1>->'EAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 6^ to the same work, which is devoted chiefly to a history of Ornithology aud to a critical examination of the various systems of Birds, is one of the most remarkable contributioas to biological literature, whether it be judged from the mode of treatment of the subject, or from the classical style in which it is written. "J must not be carried beyond the limits of time usually accorded to the chaii" on these occasions. If I enter upon the other services of our Medallist in the cause of science, 1 should refer to the duties he performed for live years as editor of the ' Ibis ' ; to the active part he has taken in organizing a system of observations of the Migration of Birds ; nor would I forget that Alfred Newton was the first who joined me in founding the 'liecord of Zoological Literature,' and who, later on, steered it safely through a critical period of its existence, by the unselfish devotion which has characterized the whole of his scientific career." Prof. Xewton suitably acknowledged the presentation, and expressed his indebtedness to the Council for having selected him as a recipient of the highest honour which it is in tbe power of the Societv to bestow. The obituary notices of deceased Fellows were laid before the meeting by the Secretary, as follows, and the proceedings terminated. JoH>' Brooks Bridgmax was born in 1836, and died at Norwich on October Gth, lb99, aged 63. He was for years in practice in that town as a dentist, and his popularity was great, largely on account of his long association with the Eifle Yohmteers, whom he served well and with much distinction. Joining them in 1859, he duly passed from Private to Captain, and in 1886 was made Hon. Major. He was a splendid shot, and winner of medals aud other prizes offered at the target. He was also a Freemason of long standing, and an angler ; and his enthusiasm for the latter oceupation is in a melancholy way associated with his death, due to an attack of blood-poisoning, which arose while at Scarborough on a deep-sea fishing expedition. To popular science he was well Imown as an Entomologist, and his long career in that department of natural history is intimatelv bound up with the work of the Norfolk and Norwich Natiu-alists' Society, of which he was an original member and became a President. He was for eleven years Secretary to the Nor«-ich Microscopical Society ; and, possessed of a good all-round ki;ow- ledge of entomology in both its systematic and economic aspects, he was constantly in demand by friends and others who sought his aid, which was always freely given. Couchology was with him a favourite pursuit ; and in 1872 he published a list of the Land a^d Fresh-w ater Shells of the County of Norfolk. It is, 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE however, as a student of the Hymenoptera that he will be best remembered, and especially of the Ichneumonidse, upon which he did good work throughout the years 1878-1894, largely in con- junction with Mr. fitch. The series of papers published through- out this period in the ' Entomologist,' and in the Transactions of the Entomological Society and of the ]S"orfolk and jS'orwich Naturalists' Society, are most valuable for reference and as local records. In 1895, on the cessation of this work, Bridgman presented his collection of insects and books to the JS^orwich Castle Museum, a lasting heritage to the working entomologist. He was a Fellow of the Entomological Society, and was elected a Fallow of the Linnean on 1st March, 1883. "William Coyebdale Beattie Eatwell, M.D., E.E.C.P., was born in April 1819, and died at Upper Norwood on August 8th, 1899. He was the son of Captain W. Eatwell, of the Indian Navy. He was educated at G-lasgow, where he took his degree in 1840, and he studied at University College in London, and at Montpelier in France ; he also studied Chemistry in Grermauy under the celebrated Liebig. On joining the Indian Army Medical Service in 1841, he was ordered to China, where he was detached for duty with H.M. British regiments, receiving a special Commission as Assistant-Surgeon in H.M. Forces, in addition to his Commission in the Indian Army ; he served in China from 1842 to 1845. On his return to India, he was posted to the Medical charge of the station of Pabna, which he held for some years, till he was transferred as Assistant and Chemical Examiner in the Opium Department. He served in this capacity till in 1857 he was appointed Principal of the Medical College, Calcutta, becoming at the same time a Member of the Senate of the Calcutta University, Professor of Materia Medicaand Clinical Medicine, and second physician at the Medical College Hospital. He retired from the Service in 1861, residing at fii'st in London, and later at 98 Marina, St. Leonards. He was a man of varied attainments, a good musician and artist, besides taking an interest in all political and religious subjects, especially in regard to the Opium Question, as to which he was considered an authority. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 3rd February, 1859. Alphonse Milne-Edwaeds, Professor of Zoology and Director of the Natural History Museum of Paris, was of English descent, being the grandson of a West-Indian Planter, Avho settled in Bruges, and son of the zoologically famous Henri M.-Edwards, with whom he was for many years associated in his work. He was born in Paris in 1835, and, taking his Medical degree, was in 1865 made a Professor in the School of Pharmacy. His later zoological career dates from 1876, when he acted as Deputy- Professor for his father in the Jardiu des Plantes, but his LINNEAN SOCIETY OF L0MD0:N^. 65 appointment to the Joint Directorship of the Menagerie and Museum dates only from 1891. His earUer works on the anatomy of the Chevrotains (1864), and on the Dodo (1866), were immediately followed by his ' Ke- cherehes Anatomiqiies et Paleontologiques pour servir a I'Histoire des Oiseaux Fossiles de la France,' of which two volumes of text and two of illustrations appeared during the seven followingyears. This work is sufficient to have alone made him famous ; but, during its progress, he, with his father, brought out the equally note- worthy ' Eecherches pour servir a I'Histoire Naturelle des Mammi- feres,' completed in 1874. The ornithological treatise covered the description from the French Tertiaries of the remains of existing African and Malagasy genera ; the mammalian, of remarkable forms from Central Asia; and the period of their production also witnessed the issue of the 'Recherches sur laFaune Ox'nithologique eteinte de lies Mascareignes et de Madagascar,' upon the living animals of which Milne-Edwards also published important papers and articles. Apart from this phase of his work, which has resulted in the completion of memoirs of monumental importance, far-reaching alike in their classificatory and zoogeographical significance, Milne-Edwards took a pioneer's share in the development of Marine Exploration, and the study of Marine Zoology as more especially related to that ; and he further wrote a series of papers upon Mai'ine Cffilenterates and the Crustacea, to the description of a crab from Lake Tanganyika. The voyage of the Travailleur, for survey of the Gulf of Gascogny, undertaken under his own supervision in 1881, was entirely due to his endeavours and appeal to his Government ; and so successful were the results oi: this and the associated exploration of the Straits of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, tliat in the following year the vessel was commissioned for a Survey of the Atlantic extending to the Canaries. Immediately upon this, the now equally famous cruise of the Talisman was initiated : the coast of Portugal, Morocco, the Canary and Cape Verde Islands being explored, on to the Sargassa Sea, the return voyage in 1883 being by way of the Azores. Complete success crowned these successive efforts, and for the ' Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman,' Milne-Edwards was awarded the Gold Medal of the lioyal Geographical Society. He died at Paris on 21st April, 1900, at the age of 64, after an illness of short duration. He was in 1876 elected a Foreign Member of the Zoological Society of London, in 1882 a Foreign Correspondent of the Geological Society, and on 7th May, 1896, a Foreign Member of the Linnean. Thomas Heney Faeeee, 1st Baron Farrer, was born on 24th June, 1819, educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, and took his degree of B.A. in 1841, On quitting the University he read for the Bar, to which he was called in 1844, but in ISoO- LINN. SOC. PEOCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1899-1900. / 66 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE he received the appointment of Assistant-Secretary to the Marine Department o£ the Board of Trade, and retired from the full Secre- taryship in 1886. Por his departmental services he was made a Baronet in 1883, and in 1893 elevated to the Peerage as Baron Farrer of Abinger. On the London County Council he became Deputy-Chairman and Alderman. He was twice married, first in 1854 to Frances, nee Erskine, who died in 1870, and second, in 1873, to Katherine Euphemia, daughter of H. Wedgewood, Esq., having as issue three sons and one daughter by the first \'sife. He died, after a prolonged illness, at his residence, Abinger Hall, near Dorking, on 11th October, 1899. His election to this Society is dated 21st January, 1869. Apparently the only paper published by Lord Earrer on any of the subjects which appeal to this Society was one signed by the initials "T. H. E." in 'Nature,' 1872, pp. 478-480, 498-501, " On the Eertilisation of a few common Papihonaceous Elowers," which was drawn up in 1869, and submitted to Mr. Darwin, who suggested its completion. " Other calls prevent, so I print it as it stands," was the explanation given by the author. The Society has to record the death of one of its senior Eellows in the decease of Thomas Bruges Elowee, who was elected 15th January, 1839, having thus spent 51 years in connection with the Linnean Society. He was born in 1817, and practised as a surgeon in various parts of the kingdom. In the same year as his election, he published a paper on Swansea plants in the * Magazine of Natural History,' and his interest in local botany seems to have continued to the last. About 1841 he was settled in London, and published a list of Bristol plants in the first volume of the original series of the ' Phytologist.' Eour years later he wrote an account of Reading plants for Robinson's ' Environs of Reading,' 1845 ; he had previously produced a list of the more interesting plants in Eletcher's ' Tour round Reading,' 1840. The year 1847 witnessed the issue of his ' Flora Thanetensis,' due to botanizing in the north-east of Kent the year before. At this time, on his removal to Seend in Wiltshire, where he carried on his profession, he conceived the plan of a Wiltshire 'Flora' ; in 1849 he sent a list of the Countv plants to H. C. Watson, and in 1850 three copies of the ' London Catalogue,' ed. 2, with that county divided into three divisions, and the plants in each noted. The Flora came out in successive issues of the ' Wiltshire Archaeo- logical Magazine' during the 17 years, 1857-74 ; it was little more than a skeleton, and is superseded by a more detailed account by Rev. T. A. Preston, given in the same journal for 1888. Since 1858 Flower resided in Bath, but usually came to London in the month of May each year, visiting old friends and familiar scenes. His death occurred at Bath on 7th October, 1899, in his 83rd year. LIN'NEAN SOCIETY OF LOJTDON. 67 Sir William Heney Plower, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.E.S., was born on 30th November, 1831, at Stratford-on-Avon, aad educated at private schools and University College, London, wbere he gained a gold medal in Anatomy and Physiology, and the silver one in Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. He took his M.B. in 1851, and became a Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons in the same year. After a Continental tour he entered tlie Army as an Assistant-Surgeon in the 63rd Poot Eegiment, and saw service in the Crimea, receiving the Medal with four clasps and the Turkish medal. Eeturning to London, he was in 1859 appointed Assistant- Surgeon and Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Middlesex Hospital, and while there he produced his first anatomical work entitled ' Diagrams of the Xerves of the Human Body.' Two surgical papers followed, and then his ' Xotes on the Galago ' and ' On the Posterior Lobes of the Cerebrum of the Quadrumaua ' — the two memoirs which marked his choice of comparative anatomy as his life's work. In 1861 he was appointed Conservator of the Museum of the Poyal College of Surgeons, on the death of Mr. John Quekett ; and his 23 years' tenure of office marked the most active portion of his life, during \^hich he produced memoir after memoir, based for the most part upon work done in the arrangement and extension of the Mammalian Collection, which under his care became unsui-passed. Flower in 1870 succeeded Huxley as Huuterian Professor of Comparative Anatomy in this College ; and during the fourteen years he continued in office, his Lectures, which were a constant attraction, were to a large extent indicative of the working of his mind in the development of the resources of the great Collection of which he had charge, already rendered classic by the labours of John Hunter and P. Owen. His papers upon Mammalian Anatomy, conspicuously those on the Dentition of the Marsupialia, on the Brain of the Primates, and on the Classification of the Carnivora, are now famous ; and it was in the course of this work that he produced the long series of memoirs on the Cetacean Skeleton, which will ever remain a lasting monument to his labours and the foremost works of reference upon the subject. In conjunction with those of Turner, they constitute the writings of English zoologists the central court of appeal in Cetology. He was not, however, neglectful of other groups of animals, for while he published papers on the anatomy of the Bustard, Cassowary, and Hornbill, he in his Museum work did not forsake even the lower Inverte- brata. But he was never very sympathetic with either these or with microscopic work. Conspicuous among his Lectures were those of 1880 on the ' Comparative Anatomy of Man,' in which he dealt with the skulls of certain little-known and extinct races. A leading result of his curatorial work was his Catalogue of this date, on Man's Osteology, which was the embodiment of years of labour, the results of which were from time to time made known in lectures and addresses, and in ]mrt embodied in subse- quent communications made to the British Association and the /2 68 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE Anthropological lostitute and elsewhere, till the year 1895, which' marked the date of his concluding Anthropological memoir, ' On. the Aboriginal Inhabitants of Jamaica.' His record at the Eoyal College of Surgeons was one continued success, the result of exceptional administrative capacity and skill, and it placed him in the front rank of Museum Curators. Ever at his post, nervously anxious lest the best should not have been done, communicative,, genial, and ever ready to receive and encourage the visitor and those who would make good use of the collections, he proved himself, as he has been termed, the " Prince of Museum Directors." In 1884 Flower was called to succeed Owen in the Directorship of the British Museum of Natural History at (South Kensington ;, and here his ingenuity and skill in matters of Museum technique found new lines for its development : in the formation of the ideal Index-Collection, which remains a masterly achievement of its kind. Rejecting the scheme of Owen, which would have devoted one bay to Man, another to perhaps the whole of the Invertebrata,. Flower began with an organological series, viz., the beautiful collection of specimens illustrating the Mammalian dentition, which is to-day as he left it. Of the success of the undertalung so far as he lived to carry it out, aided by the two competent assistants he in turn em.ployed, it is impossible to speak too highly. Unique in its conception, it has served as a prototype of other collections of like order, and has been of inestimable value to the student. It cannot be too deeply regretted that he did not live to finish the series, for had he done so and left it a completed whole, it must have remained a permanent and most fitting monument to his memory ; and one could have pictured to the mind the Collection, when completed, backed by an appropriate inscription akin to that which surmounts the entrance to St. Paul's Cathedral, calling upon the spectator to look round, would he perceive the achievement of a master hand. Owing to its unfinished state, it would seem that this Collection will in course of time become more or less merged in the general mass of material our National storehouse contains ; but there are things more complete in themselves that Flower achieved, which must stand as he left them. We refer to the Cases in the Central Hall, each illustrating the working of one principle in organic nature, and the Whale-room, with its ponderous skeletons mounted in reproductions of half-skins, in the manner so successfully introduced by him. These constitute a lasting memorial to his labours, more valuable and significant than any which could be raised by his friends. And further, in all parts of the Museum, specimens, stands, labels, testify to his wise discretion, his aesthetic taste, and power of gauging the public mind. Author of a long series of memoirs, papers, and cyclopaedic articles, as a writer for both the public and the student, he was successful because sympathetic. His 'Osteology of the Mammalia,' his book on the Horse, his Manual, in conjunction LINNEAX SOCIETY OF LONDON. 69 M-ith Lvdekker, on ' Mammals Living and Extinct,' all take foremost rank ; and of his essays, those dealing with questions of Museum management are, as a collected series, unique and instructive. With his day fully occupied with official duties and liable to endless interruption by visitors, to whom he was always most courteous. Flower had little opportunity for con- tinuous zoological work ; and that which the visitor to the Museum now beholds as directly due to his hand, was mostly done after hours, when the doors were closed to the public. He was always at it as opportunity offered. As a speaker and lecturer, he was fluent and attractive; as a friend, candid but sympathetic, faithful and confiding, ever tolerant of the weakness of others. He leaves us a noble example of untiring devotion to the cause of science. To the success of his lengthy tenure of office as President of the Zoological Society, and the reforms which, in coDJ unction with Dr. P. L. Sclater, he there carried out, the progress and growth in all departments of that Society's work is in itself a sufficient testimony. In his other Presidential capacities he was equally facile and influential ; and in public life he could always be relied upon, were the circumstance ever so difficult, to do and say the right thing. He received Hon. Degrees from the Universities of Oxford, •Cambridge, Edinburgh, St. Andrew's, Dublin, and Durham, and also the Royal Prussian Order " Pour la Merite." He was a Member of several Foreign Institutes, Academies, and Societies, a recipient of the Eoyal Society's Medal, and a K.C.B. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 20th March, 1862 ; and although he never contributed to its publications, his eulogium on Charles Darwin, delivered at the memorable meeting in 1887, will be recalled by those who heard it as, in its cautious- ness, a highly characteristic achievement. Sir W. Flower suffered from failing health during the two •closing years of his life. Overwork, telling upon a frail constitu- tion, brought about an affection of the heart, from which, pleurisy supervening, he died on 1st July, 1900, in his 6Sth year, deeply beloved and respected by all. Adkien Eexe Franchet was elected a Foreign Member on 4lh May, 1899, and died suddenly on 15th February-, 1900, his ■connection ^^•ith the Society thus lasting less than ten months. He was born at Pezou, Loir-et-Cher, on 21st April, 183-4 ; in 1857 he became curator of the collections of the Marquis de Vibraye, at Cour-Cheverny, a small to\\Ti to the south-east of Blois, and retained this position for twenty-three years. During his stay in this place, he had amongst his duties the charge of certain excavations, amongst them those of Grand Pressigny and Eyzies, though he never was greatly drawn to the study of palaeontology. His first paper was published in 1864 in ' Billotia,' a"jN'ote sur le mode de reproduction de la Bnmiera vivipara {Lemna arrliiza, L.)," which generic name, like those of Grantia, Griff., and 70 PIlOCEEDI>^GS OF THE HorJcelia, Eeichb., have yielded to that propounded by Horkel a& WoJffia, for the tiniest Duckweed. Five years later he published a paper of twenty pages on the parallel variations of several European species of Verbascum, in the ' Bulletin de la Societe botanique de Prance,' xvi. (1869), a subject to which he con- tinued to give much attention. In 1872, through the same channel, he contributed notes upon introduced plants in his native department. ' Etudes sur les Verbascum de la France et de I'Europe centrale' came out at A'^endome in 1875; in which year he became more widely known by his association with Dr. Louis Savatier, whose collections made in Japan were worked up jointly, as ' Enumeratio plantarum in Japonia sponte crescentium ' Parisiis^ 1875-79, three parts forming two volumes in octavo. This formed the point of departure for his studies in the botany of the extreme East, which ended only with his death. The expedition of Kevoil to Soraaliland resulted in the plants collected being placed in the hands of Eranchet to work out ; his contribution forming the ' Sertulum Somalense ' in Eevoil's ' Mission au Pays Comalis,' Paris, 1882. His long connection with Cour-Cheverny ended in 1880; in 1881 he came to Paris, and there he fixed his place of abode for the rest of his life. The Museum d'Histoire Naturelle employed two auxiliary botanists for some time : Sagot was one, Eranchet the other. The post was ouly temporary, for the " credit " was exhausted in a few years, and in 1885 Eranchet found himself adrift, without settled occupation or means to support himself and family. Happily for him, and the botanic world also, M. Drake del Castillo installed him as curator of his botanic collections in the Eue Balzac ; three days he devoted to these collections, the other three he worked in the Museum Herbarium. The year 1886 brought him a small addition to his income a» "■ Repetiteur de Botanique des Hautes-Etudes.' Meantime he had continued his studies of Asiatic botany, in 1883 llnishing an account of the plants of Turkestan brought back by M. Capus, which account ran through four volumes of the ' Annales des Sciences jSTaturelles, Botanique.' His ' Catalogue des Plantes recueillies aux environs de Tche-tou par A. A. Eauvel,' issued by the Cherbourg Scientific Society in 1884, launched him into the world of Chinese plants, immediately followed by his important ' Plantae Davidianos,' which formed part of five volumes OL the •' Nouvelles Archives ' of the Museum : the first portion devoted to Mongolian plants, the second to Eastern Thibet (the province of Mupin), 1884-88. The fruit of his long study of the local flora of Blois and its neighbourhood resulted in his ' Flore de Loir-et-Cher ' in 1885, a thick octavo. The plants collected by the Abbe Delavay in Yunnan were studied by Eranchet, and three fasciculi of plates and text were issued in 1889-90. Thenceforward, most of his papers came out in the ' Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris ' : a monograph of Paris in the Centennial volume published in 1888, LINNEAN" SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 71 the remainder scattered through several successive vohimes of the Bulletin ; amongst these contributions, those on new species of Carex of Eastern Asia are the most important. Shorter papers are also to be found in Morot's ' Journal de Botanique ' and elsewhere. His last paper, on the small collection of plants brought home by Monsieur and AFadame de la Touch from i'okien, in China, with a new genus of Gentianese in honour of the discoverers, Latouchea, came out in the 46th volume of the Bulletin of the French Botanical Society, after the author's death. The deceased botanist travelled but little, though he visited the herbarium at Kew in 1894, stayina: at the house of Mr. W. B. Hemsley. He greatly enjoyed this visit, and frequently spoke of its events in his home circle, though his inability to converse in English somewhat hampered bis excursions round Ivew. On the loth February last, he kept his room from an affection which seemed merely a cold ; at six o'clock in the evening a change for the worse set in, and by nine he was dead. Visitors to the herbarium of the Museum will sadly miss his ready and ungrudging help amongst the collections there, of which his knowledge was wide and special. His death is a real loss in the botanic world, and to those, and they were many, who knew him as a friend, his removal leaves a lamentable void. MM. Edounrd Bureau and Drake del Castillo spoke at the graveside of their old associate, and reports of their speeches, with a short note by the editor, will be found in Morot's ' Journal de Botanique,' xiv. (1900), pp. 59-63. He:n'by Bellamy George was born in 1826, and had to make his own way in life, which he accomplished by sterling industry and business capacity. In middle life he actively interested himself in various philanthropic offices, later becoming a director of the Eeedham Asylum for Orphans. A chance attendance on a course of lectures on elementary botany by a former president of this society, Mr. W. Carruthers, induced him to become a student of that science, to which he was also drawn by his artistic faculties, which had previously led him to adopt the business of a designer. About that time he fre- quently would rise at five on summer mornings and ramble as far as Highgate or Hampstead in search of plants, bringing them home to Barnsbury in time for breakfast, and yet reaching his office by nine o'clock. The latter years of his life he lived at Shortlands, near Bromley, in Kent. It was there he died on 26th December, 1899, regretted by a large circle of friends for " his amiabihty of disposition, his unaffected kindness, his large-hearted charity, and his unswerving fidelity to conscience and duty " ; he was buried at Highgate Cemetery. He was elected a Fellow of this Society on loth March, 1866. 72 - PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Theophilus "William GiUDLESTOisrE was the only son of the late Canon W. Harding Girdlestone, and for many jeavs at Sunning- dale The proprietor of a school devoted to preparing pupils for the public schools. He possessed a garden which was devoted latterly to the cultivation of the single Dahlia, and was very successful in showing them. He filled in succession the offices of Secretary, Treasurer, and President of the National Dahlia Society. His first hobby in gardening was the Eose, but he relinquished it in favour of a fiower which came into perfection at a period of the year when he could devote more time to it. After a short illness he died at Sunningdale on Sunday, 2oth June, 1899. He was elected a Pellow of this Society 2nd May, 1889. A portrait was published in 'The Kosariau's Year-book' for 1892, and most of the gardening journals contain a sympathetic reference to an ardent cultivator. Sylvantts Hanley, whose name is a landmark in the progress of Malacology, was born at Oxford on 7th January, 1819. Entering Wadham, he in due course took his degree. He began life as a law-student, but, being possessed of ample means, he gave himself up to his favourite occupation, which he pursued with painstaking accuracy, his publications extending from 1841 till 1885. Some 35 papers issued during this period stand recorded in his name, mostly in the 'Journal' of the Linnean Society, the 'Proceedings' of the Zoological Society, and the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History.' Three monographs were contzibuted to Sowerby's ' Thesaurus,' viz., that on Tellina (1846), on the NuculidrB (1860), and on Solanum (1863); but it is by his separate books that Hanley will be best remembered, and of these there were seven in all, from his 'Exotic Couchology ' (1841) to his ' Conchologia ludica ' (1870-76). His 'History of the British Mollusca,' written in conjunction with Edward Porbes in 1848- 1853, still remains a standard work, and will rank as his most famous ; and his ' Ipsa Linusei Conchylia,' with its associated treatise on the Linnean Manuscript of the Museum IJlricae (Journ. and Proc. Linn. Soc. vol. iv. p. 43), will always remain indispensable, by virtue of their historical associatiou. Hanley died at Penzance on 5th April, 1900, at the advanced age of 80. He was a Pellow of the Zoological Society, and was elected a Pellow of the Linnean on 19th December, 1843. Heney Bendelack Hewetson, an ophthalmic surgeon of much distinction, of Leeds, whose death at Hull occurred on 15th May, Avas an enthusiastic Ornithologist and lover of nature. He was best known for having first recorded the visits of certain birds to our shores, and as a student of bird-migration. He made A'aluable col- lections of birds and insects on the coast of North Africa, and as an explorer he will be further remembered for his part in the working- I LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 73 out of the ' Kitchen Middens ' of East Yorkshire. He was the author of works entitled ' Thoughts on Ornithology ' and ' Nature Cared for and Uncared for ' ; and his memory will otherv\'ise be revered for the long and useful work that he performed in the interes's of the Leeds Naturalists' Club and Scientific Association, of which he was made President in 1885, and again in 1896 and 1897. He was a l^'ellow of the Eoyal Geographical Society and of the Zoological, a Member of the British Ornithologists' Union, and was ■elected a Pellow of the Linnean Society on 21st March, 1889. NojnrAN Shanks Keru, M.D., whose death took place at Hastings on 30th May, 1900, was born in Glasgow on 17th May, 18.34. Educated in that city, he began life as a iournalist, and, passing to the University, supported himself thus while pursuing his academic career. He is famous for his staunch defence and untiring support of Total Abstinence, which dates from his foundation of the existing Society of that name in connection with the Glasgow University, and for his long career in the work of the Society for the Study and Cure of Inebriety, of which some 20 years ago he was the founder. On leaving the University, he acted as Surgeon on the Allan Canadian mail-steamers; and in 1874 he settled in London, at St. John's Wood, becoming Medical Officer of St. Marvlebone, which position he held for a period of 24 years. His writings are mostly in defence of the Temperance Movement, and upon medical subjects bearing upon that ; and both as a writer and speaker he will ever be remembered as one of the most earnest champions of the cause, whose place it would seem impossible to adequately fill. Beyond this, he was further famed for useful and philanthropic works. He was a Member of the Obstetrical, Medical, and Harveian ^Societies of London, and held many offices in connection with work among inebriates at home and abroad. He was elected a Eellow of the Linnean Society on 16th January, 1873. The Most Honourable Scho]Mberg Henry Kerr, 9th Marquess of Lothian, K.T., B.C., &c., was born 2nd December, 1833. His important services to the State are chronicled elsewhere ; it may suffice to say that he was educated at Eton, and New College, Oxford, served as a staif-officer in Persia, and from 1858 was Secretary to the embassies at Erankfort, Madrid, and Vienna till 1865 : becoming at a later period (1887-90) Loi'd Rector of Edinburgh University, President of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries, and of the Eoyal Geographical Society. In 1865 he married Lady Victoria Alexandrina Montague-Douglas-Scott, daughter of the 5th Duke of Buccleugh and Queensberry, by whom he had a numerous issue, seven of whom survived their father. He succeeded his brother, the 8th Marquess, in 1870. His connection with this Society dates from 6th June, 1889 ; 74 PBOCEEDINGS OE THE and shortly afterward, under his patronage and pecuniary support, Miss Florence Woolvvard began to issue her well-known ' The genus MasdevaUia, with additional notes by F. C. Lehmann ' on the cultivation of the plants. The coloured plates were drawn chiefly from specimens in cultivation in the Marquess's houses, with descriptions by the artist herself. The first part came out in 1891 and the last in 1896, forming a handsome folio volume of 87 platas. The Marquess died on the 17th January, 1900, and was buried atNewbattle, Dalkeith, one of theseats of his family, on January 23rd. Concurrently \^ith the funeral a memorial service was held at the Chapel Eoyal, 8t. James's Palace. Edwaed Joseph Lowe was a man of varied and wide interests, and died on 10th March, 1900, at his seat, ShirenewtonHall, near Chepstow, in his 75th year. He was born in 1826, and, possessed of ample means, he was able to devote himself to his favourite pursuits without having to provide for his daily wants. His earliest works were on meteorology, his first book being a 'Treatise on Atmospheric Phenomena,' in 1846, followed by ' Prognostica- tions of the Weather,' in 1849, and the 'Climate of Nottingham in 1852,' published in 1853; next appeared the ' Couchology of Nottingham ' in the same year. With Scolfern he wrote the account of Meteorology, which appeared in the seventh volume of Orr's 'Circle of the Sciences' in 1854; partly rewritten and revised, as an independent work in 1856 as ' Practical Meteorology.' He was editor of the ' Magazine of Natural Philosophy,' which only ran to seven numbers in 1855-56. His most extensive work was ' Perns, British and Exotic,' which came out from 1856 to 1860, in eight volumes, with coloured plates, concurrently with his ' Natural History of British Grasses,' two volumes (1857-58), also with coloured plates. A more popular book was his ' Beautiful Leaved Plants,' with illustrations in colour, two volumes (1859-61), which was translated into French in 1865. The 'Natural History of New and Eare Ferns' appeared in 1860-62 ; ' Our Native Ferns,' two volumes, in 1862-67 ; and he began a work of which the first part only came out, ' The Natural Phenomena and Chronology of the Seasons of the British Isles,' in 1870. ' British Ferns and Where Found ' was an introductory work in the 'Young Collector' Series in 1891; and the last from his pen was ' Fern-Growing : Fifty Tears' Experience in Crossing and Cultivation,' 1895. Lowe was passionately devoted to raising varieties of ferns from spores, and claimed to have originated many unusual forms, not merely by hybridization, but from multiple parentage. Unusual varieties of plants and animals had a great charm for him, and he had under his eye, in his own estate overlooking the British Channel, multitudes of interesting examples. His entrance into the Linnean Society dates from 3rd February, LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON, 75 1857. He was also Fellow of the Eoyal Astronomical Society (1848), Geological Society (1853), Eoyal Society (1867), and Eoyal Meteo- rological Society, of which he was one of the founders, in 1850. St. Geokge Jackson Mitart, born at Brook Street, Grosvenor Square, on 30th November, 1827, \Aas of Welsh descent. He was educated at Clapham, Chiswick, Harrow, and King's College, London ; and, deprived of entry at Oxford by his having in 1844 become a Catholic, he finally entered St. Mai-y's College, Oscott. In 1851 he passed to the Bar, at Lincoln's Inn, but soon retired from the legal profession in favour of a Natural History career. In 1862 he was appointed Lecturer on Zoology in St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, which appointment he held daring the most active period of his life, resigning it in 1884. His first paper, " On the Crania of the Lemuroidea," and his first book, ' On the Genesis of Species,' were published soon after he began to teach ; and in 1873 he produced his best book for the student, viz., his ' Lessons in Elementary Anatomy,' still in circulation. Side by side with these earlier publications, Mivart contributed to the pages of the ' Popular Science Eeview' a short series of articles on the broader characters of certain classes of Invertebrata, each of them beiug based on the more detailed consideration of an easily accessible genus ; and in these, his only serious essays upon the Invertebrata, there is evident the influence of Huxley, whose lectures Mivart had previously attended, and who was at the time maturing his famous ' Type System ' of biological instruction. That Huxley's teaching was further responsible for the conception of Mivart's ' Lessons ' he himself admitted ; and, in consideration of this intimacy of relationship between the two men, it is the more regrettable that after a controversy in the pages of the ' Contemporary Eeview,' arising out of the attitude assumed by Mivart in his ' Genesis of Species ' towards the Darwinian doctrines, at the time slowly gaining gi-ound, they became estranged for a number of years. Mivart's zoological papers are numerous, and they deal mostly with the osteology of the Yertebrata, less conspicuously with the myology and taxonomy of certain groups, but only occa- sionally with visceral anatomy. Indeed, he mostly dealt with parts easy of access, such as the dried skeleton and the surface of the brain, which could be prepared and brought to him for study and description by an assistant. Three of his papers were written in conjunction with Dr. J. Murie, viz., those on the anatomy of Hyrax, Nycticehus, and the Lemurs, and one in asso- ciation with the Eev. E. Clarke, " On the Sacral Plexus and Sacral Vertebrae of Lizards and other Vertebrata," which, with his paper on the " Cerebral Convolutions of the Caruivora," constitute his leading contributions to the Linnean Society's publications. His papers on the osteology of Mammals and Birds will ever rank as his best, and they are elaborate records of detail invaluable for reference. His chief contribution to zoological literature is his 76 PROCEEDINGS OP THE memoir on the " Fins of Elasraobranchs," in which, contempora- neously with the American Thacher, he formulated the famous lateral fin-fold theory of the origin of the Vertebrate Limbs, which, allowing for error concerning the forward rotation of the pectoral tin of the Batoidei, still finds favour. This memoir is alone sufficient to have established his reputation ;as a Zoologist ; and, among his remaining works, the orientation of the surfaces and processes of the Monotreme scapula, the dis- covery of the " Ursine Lozenge" in the Sea-lion, the arguments that the Lemurs may be a sub-order distinct from the Apes and Man and that they have been wrougly included in the Primates, are the most noteworthy topics dealt with. In his ' Possibly Dual 'Origin of the Mammalia' he attained a somewhat doubtful notoriety, as also in his attempt to effect a compromise between the Giin- therian classification of the Batrachia Anura and that of Cope. In his memoirs on the Arctoidea and ^^i^luroidea, he did good service by supplementing those of the late Sir W. Flower, in which these terms were introduced. Mivart was the author of a large number of popular articles and lectures on Natural History subjects, and also of the articles ' Ape,' • Eeptiiia (anatomy),' and ' Skeleton,' in the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Bjitannica ; but none of these call for special comment. Among his miscellaneous Addresses and Eeviews, two are noteworthy — one for his defence of Buffon, whom he believed to have been overshadowed by Linnaeus ; the other for his justifica- tion of Owen's claim to have anticipated, in their essence, the "Weismannistic doctrines of the Immortality of the Protozoa and the Grerm Plasma. Asa writer of books and a controversalist, Mivart attained great UDtoriety. His ' Nature and Thought ' (1SS2), ' Origin of Reason ' (1889), and his ' Groundwork of Science' (1894), are among the most ambitious and famous of his philosophic writings ; and to read him at his best is to study his two volumes of ' Essays and Criticisms ' published in 1892. More nearly educational are his ' Birds : The Elements of Ornithology,' and his ' Types of Animal Life,' — the first by no means free from error or the better for the embodiment of a classification which has not found favour ; the second unintelligible in the arrangement of its con- tents. In 1896 he essayed the impossible task of incorporating in a single small volume the ' Elements of Science,' including history and mathematics. Three other of his books remain to be mentioned, viz., the successive memoirs on the ' Cat,' the ' Canidse,' and the ' Lories.' Of these, the first, largely superfluous beside the great work of Strauss-Durckheim, \^hile containing much that is general and instructive on the first principles of mammalian morphology, is very disappointing where the subtle details of that of the Cat are concerned. The second, by lack of depth of research, is of little avail ; while the third, based upon a previous series of papers, is the best and most i^eliable of the three. There can be little doubt that with advancing years Mivart LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 77 attempted too much ; but, this notwithstanding, he finally produced a novel entitled ' In Castle and Manor,' which was published but a few days before his death. As a philosophic writer he leaves us a vast amount of thoughtful material which will repay perusal ; and he will ever be remembered for his attitude towards the Darwinian doctrine of ' Natural Selection,', which he systematically opposed,, and for his constant reiteration of the belief that evolution proceeds from some internal force and is due to processes which are sudden and distinct, and that the ' mind ' of the brute and the conceptual mind of man are distinct things, between which a connection is inconceivable. Mivart Mas a man of imposing physique, of clarming tempera- ment. An ideal host, a courteous, considerate friend. He was a fiuent French scholar and a capital talker. His middle life was passed in London and Sussex and at ChiUvorth in Surrey, until 1894, when he developed a roaming tendency, imagining himself a malade. He finally settled in London, at 77 Inverness Terrace,- where, after a series of heart attacks, he died suddenly on 1st April,. 1900, vigorous and resistful to the last. In addition to the Lectureship afore-mentioned, he was in 1874 appointed Professor of Biology in a short-lived Catholic College at Kensington; and during the years 1890-1893 he was 'Professor of the Philosophy of jNatural History ' at the University of Louvain, where he delivered two or three courses of lectures in French. From Louvain he in 1884 received the degree of M.D., and from Eome in 1886 that of Ph.D. He was elected a Fellow of the Eoyal Society in 1869 ; and was a Fellow and several times a Vice-President of the Zoological Society, the interests of which he for long years had earnestly at heart. He was a Fellow and Member of several other scientific societies and bodies, and from time to time took part in the management of all to which he belonged. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 20th March, 1862, and was for six years its Zoological Secretary and for several one of its Yice-Presidents. His ready help in all that concerned its welfare was always conspicuous, and he was during recent years its social head as Hon. Treasurer of the Linnean Society Club. A lichenologist of the old school has passed away in the person of William Nylandee, who died in Paris 29th March, 1900. He was born at Uleaborg in Finland on 2nd January, 1822. In 1839 he began the study of medicine at the University of Helsingfors, but did not obtain his doctorate till 1847. He was^ drawn early in his student-life to the study of insects and plants, but his forte became that of a descriptive lichenologist. The Abbe Hue, in the ' Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France,' xlvi. (1899) pp. 159-165, has drawn up a full bibliography, from, which we learn that his total scientific contributions amount to no less than 232, one of these being in 47 parts, though most were of a few pages only. The first paper from his pen was on the ants of the northern- 7 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE parts of Europe, in the ' Acta ' of the Societas pro Fauna et Elora Eennica, 109 pages in the second and third volumes, in 1847. The same year, in the same medium, he brought out a memoir which is still consulted, his ' Aduotationes in expositionem monographicam Apum borealium,' and, in Swedish, an attempt to determine the Linnean species of Formica found in Sweden. It was not till five years afterwards that he published his first contribution in botany, and that was ' Animadversiones circa distributionem plantarum in Eennia,' at Helsiugfors, a tract of 21 pages, first printed in the ••Acta,' vol. iii. The same year (1852) we find him prolific in his issues, for he followed up this memoir by his ' Collectanea in floram Karelicam ' and a ' Continuatio ' of it ; ' Conspectus fiorse Helsingforsiensis ' and an appended ' Additamentum ' ; a supple- ment to his 'Northern Bees'; also a 'Eevisio synoptica Apum borealium, comparatis speciebus Europse mediae;' followed in 1853 by his first paper ou Lichens, " Observationes aliquot ad Synopsiu Lichenum Holmieusium " in the ' ISTya Botaniska Notiser.'" In 1848 he made his first journey to France, which he revisited •at intervals, even during his tenui'e of the chair of botany at Helsingfors from 1857 to 1863. In the latter year he resigned the post and settled in Paris, which became his fixed place of abode until his death. "With the exception of a few papers on certain Fungi, the remainder of his life Avas given up to the study of Lichens from a taxonomic point of view. Thus he came to England in the autumn of 1857 purposely to study the lichens in the herbarium of Sir William Hooker. From 1858 to 1860 he was busied on publishing his greatest work, 'Synopsis methodica lichenum omnium hucusque cop-nitorum,' a volume of 430 pages ; and at the same time, in con- junction with Th. Sselan, his ' Herbarium Musei Fennici,' in 1859. Of his ' Synopsis ' only the first volume and the beginning of the second appeared, but, though incomplete, it is of indispensable use in the study of lichens. He had by this time formulated his classificatory system, and tenaciously kept to it throughout his life. His idea of ad^^ancing the knowledge of the set of plants he studied, was to intercalate new species in their proper sequence ; for he had but little liking for minute anatomical investigation. Having microscopically examined certain forms, he desisted from ■continued experiment, and rested content with his early researches. As a consequence, it is stated that he not infrequently mixed species having a superficial resemblance to each other, in various herbaria. This method of working was, no doubt, partly induced by the solitary nature of the man, and, inclined to become misanthropic, he lived almost alone, and solitary he died. His last tu-enty-five years were poisoned by the gradual reception of the dual-lichen theory, from 1873, when Bornet published his ' Eecherches sur les gonidies des Lichens,' based upon Schwendener's work on the character of the lichen-thallus. The autonomy of lichens became a fixed idea with him. He systematically rejected, without serious LINIsEAK SOCIETY OF LONDON. 79 examination, the whole question of symbiosis, affirming, without furnishing proof, that the gonidia are directly deri\ed from the germination of the lichen-s]Dores. It was this -v^hich made him quit the laboratory of the 3Iuseum d'Histoire Naturelle, where he had worked for years, and he never returned. It became a haunting spectre, and those who did not think with him were loolied upon as personal enemies. Nylauder readily welcomed young workers in lichenology, and prompted them to publish something to Avhich he could add a little article on the ' Autonomy ' of lichens. It was thus he passed the latter period of his life, and he passed away in a condition of almost complete isolation. His election as a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society took place 4th May, 1876, and his death in Paris 29th March, 1899. In our Journal he described " Lichenes jSTovsb Zelandise quos ibi legit anno 1861 Dr. Lauder Lindsay," in the ninth volume (1867), 17 pages ; and in 1883, in the 20th volume, appeai-ed ' On a Collection of Exotic Lichens made in Eastern Asia by the late Dr. A. C. Maingay," written in conjunction with the Eev. J. M. Crombie. In 1880 he busied himself on the determination of the plates of the Lichens in Dilleuius's ' Historia Muscorum,' which were placed at the disposal of Mr. Crombie, and came out in the Journal of this Society, Botany, xvii. (1880) pp. 553-581. In addition to the above-mentioned bibliography, an appreciative article has been published by Dr. E. Arnold of Munich. Sir James Paget, Bart., D.C.L., LL.D., E.E.S., was born at Great Yarmouth in 1814 ; and although he later left that place to embark on the surgical career which rendered him famous, he developed while there and still young a love of natural history, which found expression in his publication, in conjunction with his brother Charles, of a meritorious work entitled ' A Sketch of the JS'atural History of Yarmouth and its Neighbourhood, con- taining Catalogues of the Species of Mammals, Birds, Eeptiles, Eishes, Insects, and Plants at present known.' He was assisted in this by local naturalists, and in the fulfilment of the task he showed himself capable both as an organizer and obsen'er. Beyond this he has no claim to distinction in Natural History ; and of his Surgical career it may be said that he was elected a Member of the Eoyal College of Surgeons in 1836, a Eellow in 1843, a Member of its Council in 1865, and President ten jeavs later. He was also Professor of Surgery and Anatomy to the College from 1847 to 1852, and was in 1882 Bradshaw lecturer. His early medical training was received at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where his name has become a talisman. As surgeon and lecturer on physiology there, he laboured hard for the welfare of the Medical School ; and his interest in Medical and Scientific Education led to his appointment to the Senate of the l^niversit)' of London, of which in 1884 lie was made Yice- Chancellor. So PROCEEDINGS OF THE He held the honourable appointments of Serjeant-Surgeon to' H.M. the Queen, of Surgeon-in-Ordinary to H.E.H. the Prince of Wales ; and as a writer is best known by his ' Clinical Lectures and Essays,' and others of the kind from time to time delivered on surgical pathology. He died at his London residence, Regent's Park, on December 30th, 1899, in his 87th year. He was elected a Pellow of the Eoyal Society in 1854, and for over 30 years served at intervals upon its Council. He was also a Corresponding Member of the Institute of .France. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 18th January, 1872. At the age of 93 our oldest and senior Associate, William Pamplin, passed away at Pen-yr-llan, Llaudderfel, Merionethshire, on 9th September, 1899. His grandfather was a native of Halstead in Essex, and after- wards carried on the business of a florist at Walthamstovv. The father of our late Associate followed the same business, then was for nine years head gardener to Mr. Crawshay at Merthyr Tydvil,. but left that employment to set up as nurseryman at Chelsea. William Pamplin, the only son, was born at Chelsea 5th August, 1806, and was educated at the classical school of the Rev. David Eelip, who was assisted by his brothers Peter and John, also clergymen. After his school-days William Pamplin assisted his father in the nursery, and spent some of his leisure in noting the wild plants within a walk of Chelsea. A list of the indigenous plants of Clapham was published in Batten's ' Key and Companion to the Plan of Clapham with its Common and Environs,' issued in 1827 with this editorial note : — " Eor the valuable catalogue of indigenous plants, growing in the vicinity of Clapham, the editor is indebted to Mr. Wm. Pamplin, junr., of Lavender Hill Nursery, where specimens of the plants may be seen either preserved or growing." The list occupies pages 34 to 48 inclusive, and very few of the plants named as to be found on Clapham Common exist there now ; while Battersea Fields, so favourite and prolific a hunting-ground in the time of William Curtis and his successors, has long since been converted into Battersea Park. This list was reprinted with some additions in the same year as a pamphlet of 17 pages. When he was 24 years of age, Pamplin was elected an Associate of this Society, on January 19th, 1830. He had even in old age a vivid recollection of men and things at the Linnean Society : — A. B. Lambert as Vice-President in the Chair, with the otiicial cocked hat in front of him on the table, Eobert Brown on his right, Richard Taylor the printer, as under-secretary, on his left, sur- rounded by such men as Edward Forster, Adrian H. Haworth, W. Wood, Conrad Loddiges, David Don, Eobert Sweet, Thomas BeU, and John Lindley. He was also well known to a later generation, for on the death of John Hunneman, of Frith Street, Soho, in 1839, he left his nursery business, much to the regret of his father. LUnS'EAX SOCIETY OF LOyDOS. 8 1 and took up the botanical bookselling shop and agency in the same place. Perhaps the most considerable of his publishing essays was the reprint of Thomas Johnson's little tracts, edited hj T. S. Ralph, in IS-tT, in small quarto, dedicated to William Borrer and Edward Forster. He was also the publisher of the New Series of the ' Phytologist' 1855-63, being an old friend of the editor Alexander Irvine, with whom he made several excursions, the account of each being drawn up by Irvine, and issued as by ' W. P. and A. I.' He had travelled over the greater part of Great Britain with an eye to plants, but his favourite locality was North Wales, and hither he retired on quitting business in London, in 1862, when his stock of books was dispersed by auction. His aid in drawing up lists of plants for local floras is frequently acknowledged, as may be seen in Irvine's ' London Flora,' 1838 ; Trimen and Dver's ' Flora of Middlesex,' 1869 ; Druce's ' Floras' of Oxfordshire (1886) and of Berkshire (1897); Pryor's 'Flora of Hertfordshire' (1887); and Hanbury and Marshall's ' Flora of Kent ' (1899). Quite recently a copy of the 'Flora of Middlesex,' with MS. additions by Pamplin, has been acquired for the herbarium library at Kew. For nearly forty ^-ears after his withdrawal from London, he lived a quiet life in Wales. He married twice, and to his second wife, who was much younger than himself, he made over his remaining possessions. Unexpectedly she predeceased him, leaving him in very straitened circumstances. This becoming known by the agency of friends, a grant Avas made from the Scientific Relief Fund of the Eoyal Society, which enabled the veteran to end hi& days in peace, in the cottage he had so long occupied. HoEACE Pearce was the youngest son of the late Francis Pearce of Hadley Lodge, Shropshire, who came of a West-country family. He was born on 21st November, 1838. For a Ions period he had tilled the post of private secretary to Mr. W. O. Foster of Stour- bridge, and was a member of many Societies. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 7th December, 1876, and belonged also to the Geological and Royal Astronomical Societies, the Swiss Alpine Club, the Birmingham Naturalists' Society, and the Worcestershire Naturalists' Field Club ; of the last he was for some years president. He had a good knowledge of the local flora and natural features of the county in which he lived. At the end of last year (1899) he went to the South of France for the benefit of his health, but he did not find the relief expected. He resumed his usual work on returning home, but was taken ill and died within a week, on Monday, 19th February, 1900, and was buried at Stourbridge on the 24th. Sir William Oteeexd Peiestlet, K.C.B., M.D., M.P., was born 24th June, 1829, at Morley Hall, near Leeds ; his father, Joseph Priestley, being a nephew of the famous chemist. Leaving school at Leeds, he proceeded to Edinburgh, «here he passed through a LINN. SOC. PEOCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1899-1900. '^ society of londox. 83 Stevens ; but afterwards retired to his home in Upper Norwood, where he devoted himself to the pursuit of horticulture and the collection of water-colour pictures, until his death on 29th August, 1899, after a brief illness, in his S3rd year. His fame as an entomologist lies in his having been an original member and mainstay of the Entomological Society, to which he was elected in 1837. He was among the most regular attendants at its meetings, for 20 years its Treasurer, and in 1885 one of its Vice-Presidents, and in each capacity he loyally furthered its interests. Although an excellent observer, and the owner of very •extensive collections of British Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, he was not a scientific entomologist, his numerous published notes being first-hand but in no way academic. Socially he is said to have been genial and entertaining, and he delighted in the company of entomologists. He was for long years the life of the Entomological Club, which on a critical occasion he saved from dissolution. He was elected a Eellow of the Liunean Society on December 3rd, 1850. Eeaxk Tufxail died unexpectedly at his residence, 36 Erleigh Eoad, Eeading, on June 3rd, 1899. Born on February 18th, 1861, from boyhood he had been employed in the large seed firm of Sutton and Sons, and had risen to a position of trust in that house. The trials of the germinative qualities of the seeds were under his care, and he devoted especial attention to the Grasses which were grown for seed by the firm. His sernces to local botany are acknowledged by Mr. G. C. Druce, in the introduction to his 'Eloi'a of Berkshire.' His election into our ranks dates only from November 4th, 1897, and by his death a promising career is cut short. He is described as being an unassuming, unostentatious man, who in his short life bad made many personal friends ; he left a widow and four young children. June 7th, 1900. Prof. Std>^ey H. Ves'es, P.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr, Charles Chilton was admitted, and the following were elected Fellows of the Society : — Messrs. Arthur Crabtree, Ernest Stanley Salmon, Joseph William Wilhams, and Lawson Sant Wright. The President announced that he had nominated as Vice- Presidents for the ensuing year Messrs. C. B. Clarke, Frank Crisp, F. D. Godman, and Dr. A. Giinther. Mr. E. Morton Middleton, F.L.S., exhibited a letter, dated -" London, 13 June, 1788," in the handwriting of Sir J. E. Smith ^2 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE addressed to Charles Louis L'Heritier, at Paris, in which he men- tioned a visit to Oxford with Sir Joseph Banks and J. Dryander, for the purpose of looking over the plants and drawings of Sibthorp, who was then lecturing there ; and added some critical remarks on several species of Sida which L'Heritier had sent him for determination. Mr. Middleton also exhibited an engraved portrait of Sir J. E. Smith from the ' Gentleman's Magazine,' 1828, which, with the letter, he presented to the Society. Mr. E. Enock, E.L.S., with the aid of the Lantern, exhibited several photomicrographs and photographs of living insects, and gave an illustrated account of the life-history and metamorphoses of a Dragonfly (^schna cijanea). The following papers were read : — 1. " Note on Syllis vivipara." By E. S. Goodrich, F.L.S. 2. "On the genera Phceoneuron, Gilg, and Dicellandra, Hook, f." By Dr. Otto Stapf, A.L.S. 3. " On the Structure and Affinities of Echiurus umcinctus." By Miss A. L. Embleton, B.Sc. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. Linn. Soc.) June 21st, 1900. Dr. Albeet C. L. G. Gunther, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Richard John Tabor, Henry Francis Tagg, and Ernest Stanley Salmon were admitted Fellows of the Society. The Chairman announced with deep regret the loss which the Society had sustained by the sudden death at Florence on June 11th of Mr. AValter Percy Sladen, a former Vice-President of the Society, and Zoological Secretary from 1885 to 1895. Mr. B. Daydon Jackson, for ten years his colleague, bore testimony to- Mr. Sladen's untiring devotion to the interests of the Society, to his willing co-operation in all that concerned its welfare, and to his amiability of disposition which had endeared him to all. Prof. M. M. Hartog, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on flowers of new Abutilon-seedlinga, recently raised by him, and pointed out the extreme variability shown in the form of many of the leaves. Dr. O. Stapf, A.L.S. , exhibited fruits of various forms of Trapa from Europe, China, and India, and discussed the differentiation of the genus into species. He was inclined to recognize five species which inhabit fairly well-defined geographical areas ; but as the discrimination of these depends chiefly on the armature and sculpture of the mature fruit (the flowers being in some cases- lilNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 85 unknown, and in others very poorly represented in herbaria), he found it at present impossible to define the species satisfactorily. Unpublished drawings of Indian and Chinese species in the coUec- tions at Kew rendered it probable that certain differences in the fruits would be found to be correlated with differences in the structure of the flowers. Some remarks were made by Mr. C. B. Clarke, Dr. Eendle, Mr. C. Eeid, and Sir George King. Mr. Clement Eeid, P.E.S., F.L.S., exhibited a series of plum- stones recently found in a drain of the Roman baths and in a rubbish pit, at Silchester. The species identified were Cherry (Prwms avium), Damson (P. domestica), Bullace {P. insititia), Sloe (P. spinosa), and Portuguese Laurel (P. Lauro-cerasus). Besides these, there was a large variety of Plum and a very small Sloe, the species of which had not as yet been precisely determiued. On behalf of Dr. O. St. Brody, Mr. B. Daydon Jackson ■exhibited a small series of British Orchids dried by a new process, by which the flexibility of the plant and the natural colours were in a great measure retained. Mr. 11. Morton Middleton, F.L.S., exhibited several rush- baskets, plaited ropes, and dredgers made from Rosthovia grandi- Jlora, Hook, f . ; and a crab-catcher and limpet-detacher made from Berberis iUcifolia, Forster, all used by the Tahgans south of Beagle Channel, Tieri'a del Fuego. A discussion followed, in which the zoological and botauical aspects of the exhibits were commented on by Dr. Giinther, Mr. J. E. Harting, and Dr. Eendle. Mr. F. Enock, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks upon some living specimens of Ranatra linearis, Linn., together with their ■curious eggs. These measure 3-5 mm. in length and barely 1 mm. in breadth. At the larger end of each egg are two diverging filaments 4-5 mm. in length and 5 mm. apart at their extremities ; the eggs are laid either in the floating leaves of aquatic plants, such as Ranunculus, Alisma, or Potamogeton, and also in the half-decayed stems of Alisma. One floating plant, with two leaf-stalks only, contained in one of them 107, in the other 97 eggs of Ranatra, which had no doubt been deposited by several females. From these eggs Mr. Enock stated he had frequently reared the strange hymenopterous parasite Prestwichia aquatica (Lubbock). The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Spermiducal Glands of Australian Earthworms." By Miss Georgina Sweet, M.Sc. Melbourne. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. Linn. Soc.) 2. " The Subterranean Amphipoda of the British Islands." By €harles Chilton, D.Sc, F.L.S. 3. " Supplementary Notes on the Genus Najas'^ By Dr. A. Barton Eendle, F.L.S. 86 PEOCEEDLNGS OF THE APPENDIX. I. Some Vegetable Poisons used for the Capture of Pish by the Australian Aborigines. By P. W. Pawcett. (Communicated by P. M. Bailey, P.L.S.) (Abstract.) The Australian aborigines have a practice of catching fish by throwing the bark, leaves and branches of certain plants into lagoons and waterholes, which so embitters or poisons the water as to stupefy the fish, and thus render them easy to capture. These plants contain some alkaloid or bitter agent, which paralyzes the fish for a time, but what this stupefying principle is has never yet been thoroughly investigated. This practice is not confined to Australia, but prevails in many other parts of the world. The follo\^ing is a list of the plants used by the native Australians for the use specified, with the names by which they are known to the colonists : — Acacia falcata, "Willd. Hickory, Lignum-vitse, Sally, Willow, " Weet-jellan " in N. S. Wales. A. penninervis, Sieb. Blackwood, Mountain Hickory. A. salicina, Lindl. Australian or Native Willow. " Baka " in Queensland, " Cooba" in N. S. Wales. Barringtonia racemosa, Gaudicb. Presh- water Mangrove, " Yakooro '' in North Queensland. B. speciosa, Linn. f. Careya australis, P. Muell. Broad-leaved Apple-tree. Queens- land native names : — "Barkabah" at Townsville ; "Barror' at Pockhampton ; " Go-on je " and " Guntha-marrah " in N.W. Queensland; " Monta" at Port Curtis; and "Ootcho" in the Mitchell Eiver. Oupania Pseudo-rhus, A. Pich, Derris uliginosa, Benth. An allied species, D. elUptica, Benth., is used in Java as a fish-poison and in Borneo for an arrow- poison. Eucalyptus microtJieca, P. Muell. Plooded Box, Plooded Gum, " Coolibar, Koolibah, Kurleah," and " Jinbul." Luffa (xgyptiaca, Mill. " Bun-bun," N. Queensland. Polygonum orientale, Linn. Stephania hernandicpfolia, Walp. Tape-Vine. " Nyannum " in S.E. Queensland. Tephrosia astragaloides, R. Br. " Jerril-jerry " and " Toon-ta.' T. purpurea, Pers. " Girrel-dree." Of these, five plants have not been hitherto recorded as fish- poisons — Oupania Pseudo-rhus, Eucalyptus microtheca. Luff cegyptiaca, Polygonum orientale, Stephania Jietmandicefolia, an Tephrosia astragaloides. Greshoflf (Beschrijving der giftige en bedwelmende planten bij de vischvangst in gebruik : — Medel. uit 'slands plantentuin, x., Batavia, 1893) catalogues 233 species which are used in various parts of the world for the poisoning or stupefying of fish. i LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. 87 II. Exhibition of PapMopedilum Capsules as affected by Hybridization. By E. A. Rolfe, A.L.S. It consisted of a series of PapMopedilum capsules, from the col- lection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Liverpool, partly obtained by self-fertili'/ation and partly by hybridizing, wath the object of ascertaining whether any modification in shape or other details could be traced to the influence of the pollen parent used. One sheet showed seven capsules from a single plant of P. concolor, obtained by crossing with various other kinds ; and as they differed between themselves, the question arose whether this variation was due to the varying influence of the different pollen parents. In order to test this question, plants of two distinct species were crossed and re-crossed, and at the same time a flower of each parent was self-fertilized. This was repeated with several pairs of species, the result being that (after deducting a few failures, which broke the series) three complete sets of capsules were obtained, two of which were exhibited. jVo modification, however, could be found in the hybridized capsules, each of which agreed in detail with self -fertilized capsules on the same plant. The pairs of species were P. Mastersianum, P. tonsum, P. insigne, and P. callosmn, which differ markedly in character. Of the latter series seeds were also shown under the microscope ; and here, too, the evidence was equally negative in character, the testa covering the hybrid embryos being unmodified in shape, sculpture, and colour. These hybrid embryos would germinate and produce bond fide, hybrids, intermediate between, or combining the characters of the parent species ; in proof of which there were exhibited coloured drawings of several hybrids with their parents, and also of the matured capsules, for in practice it was found that some of them were fertile, and secondary hybrids had been obtained from them. III. On Sphenophyllum and its Allies : an Extinct Division of the Vascular Cryptogams. By Dr. D. H. Scott, E.R.S., F.L.S. (Abstract.) The author explained that his purpose was not to communicate any new observations, but to give a summary of our present know- ledge of the group and to discuss its affinities. He pointed out that the study of the Palseozoic Elora not only greatly widens our conception of the three existing Classes of Pteridophyta, but adds a fourth — that of the Sphenophyllales — to their number. The external characters of certain species of Sphenopliyllurti and Trizygia were first described, and attention directed to the slender ribbed and jointed stems, the whorled and superposed leaves, and the great variation in the form of the leaf. The common hypo- thesis, based on the dimorphism of the leaf, that Sphenophyllum was an aquatic genus, was inconsistent with other facts, and Mr. Seward's suggestion of a climbing habit appeared preferable. h 88 PEOCBEDINGS OJF THE In external morphology the resemblance was closest with the Equisetales. The anatomy of Sphenophyllum ^¥as then illustrated ; the centi'ipetal, triarch or hexarch primary wood, and the successive addition of secondary tissues by means of a normal cambium, were among the chief points noted, the formation of a regular scale-bark being another remarkable feature. The cones were next described, that of Splienophyllum Dawsoni, identified by M. Zeiller with S. cuneifoUum, being explained in detail. The presence oi pedicellate sporangia, of peculiar structure, appeared to be general in the genus, and there were reasons for regarding the pedicel as comparable to a ventral lobe of the sub- tending bract. The question of heterospory was discussed, and the evidence regarded as wholly inconclusive. Bowmanites Hoemeri and Splienophyllum Tnajus were cited as examples of somewhat more comj^lex forms of Sphenophyllaceous fructification. The latter was compared with the fructification of Tmesipteris, and the points of agreement between Psiloteae and Sphenophyllales indicated. Cheirostrobus petty cur ensis, a cone discovered some years ago in the Lower Carboniferous strata of Burntisland, was described, and its highly complex organization explained. The agreement anatomi- cally with the Lycopods and morphologically with the Equisetales was found to be even more striking in Cheirostrobus than in the Sphenophyllese proper, and the reasons were given which have led the author to place the genus in the Class Sphenophyllales. The various views which have been held as to the affinities of the Sphenophyllales were then discussed in the light of the results recently attained. The supposed relation to Hydropterideae, though supported by some ingenious arguments, was rejected as baseless, and as inconsistent with the manifest Filicinean affinities of that family. The author came to the conclusion that the Sphenophyllales were most naturally regarded as the derivatives of a synthetic group, combining the characters of Lycopods and Equisetales, and indicating the common origin of those two Classes. IV. Copy of a Letter addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, alluding to Dr. Griinther's Presidential Address, on the 24th May, 1898 (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1897-98, pp. 25-26). Government House, Sevcbelles, 10th March, 1899. SlE, I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 86 of the 16th December last enclosing two copies LINNBAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 89 of an address delivered by Dr. Griinther to the Linnean Society on the subject o£ gigantic tortoises. I have read the paper with much interest, and I am most anxious to contribute in any way I can towards the preservation and safety of these animals. 1 went on a tour of inspection last month to some of the out- lying islands, Praslin, La Digue, Felicite, Curieuse, and the Sisters, and endeavoured to ascertain what number of tortoises could be procured on these islands. At Curieuse, which belongs entirely to Government, there are 40. They have been brought from Aldabra, and I may say that although tortoises are to be found in most of the islands of the archipelago, they all came originally from Aldabra. The tortoises at Curieuse are kept in a " pare " or enclosure close to the Overseer's house. I have oi'dered this enolosui-e to be doubled, as the space at present enclosed is too small. They are alJ healthy and in excellent condition. At La Digue I found two very large specimens belonging to Abdool Eassoul, the principal proprietor in that island. The manager of the estate informed me that they had been there for many years. On the Sisters, the property of Mr, Berlouis, there are many tortoises to be found ; they are allowed to roam about as they please. I found the same at Felicite Island. In former days it was a patent of respectability for a Seychelles Estate owner to have several tortoises on his estate, and the prac- tice is still kept up in Mahe among all the old families. When I was here in 1881, there was a very large one belonging to the Honourable E. Serret, and it was supposed to be over 100 years old. It died a few years ago. I should say it was quite as large as the Ceylon tortoise that used to be kept in the Artillery barracks at Port Louis, both of which I have often seen. The eight tortoises in the Government grounds are in excellent condition, and I enclose photographs which I have had taken of four of them. Mr. Spurs, who at present leases Aldabra, informs me that it is very difficult to catch the tortoises on that island. He is bound to send over a couple every year to Mahe, but he has not done so for the last two years. On reminding him lately of this obligation, he declared that it was almost impossible to catch them. It seems to me to be a question whether the exportation from the Seychelles Islands of the gigantic tortoises should not be pi'O- hibited altogether by law. I have, &c., (Signed) H. COCKBUEN STEWAET, Administrator. The Right Honourable Joseph Chambeelain, M.P., &c., &c., &c. ADDITIONS AND DONATIONS TO THE LIBRARY. 1899-1900. Abromeit (Johannes). Sameapflanzen (Phanerogamen) aus dem Umanaks- und Eitenbenks-Distrikt. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 42^) 4to, Stuttgart, 1899. Adams (Lieut.- Colonel Archibald). The "Western Eajputana States. A Medico -Topographical and General Account of Marwar, Sirohi, Jaisalmir. Pp. xi, 455; plates 64. 8vo. London, 1899. Author. Adelaide. Royal Society of South Australia. Memoirs. Vol. 1. Part 1. 4to. Adelaide, 1899. Agardh (Jacob Georg). Analecta Algol ogica. Continuatio : V. (Acta K. Univ. Lund, xxxv.) 4to. Lund, 1899. Author. Alcock (Alfred William). An Account of the Deep-Sea Brachyura collected by the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. See Calcutta — Indian Museum. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Fishes in the Indian Museum. Being a Revised Account of the Deep-Sea Fishes collected by the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. See Calcutta — Indian Museum. An Account of the Deep-Sea Madreporaria collected by the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. See Calcutta — Indian Museum. Allen (Harrison). A Study of Hawaiian Skulls. Pp. ix, 54; plates 12. (Trans. "Wagner Free Inst. Phil, v.) Eoy. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1898. Ameghino (Florentine). El mamifero misterioso de la Patagonia [Neomylodon Listai). Un sobreviviente actual de los megaterios de la Antigua Pampa. Pp. 15. (La Piramide, tom. i. p. 51, 15 Junio, 1899. Sinopsis geol.-paleontol. p. 8, Julio 1899.) 8vo. La Plata, 1899. Author. Los Arrhinolemuroidea, un nuevo orden de mamiferos extinguidos. (Comunic. Mus. Nacion. de Buenos Aires, i.) Pp. 6. 8vo. Buenos Ayres, 1899. Author. PROCEED INGS OE THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 9 1 Apstein (Karl). Die Aleiopiden und Tomopteriden der Plankton- Expedition. See Plankton-Exped. Arnold (F.). Lichenes Exsiccati (1894-99). Nos. 1601-1800. Pp. 17. Roy. 8vo. Munchen, 1899. Author. Arnold (Frederick Henry). Flora of Sussex; or a List of the Flowering Plants and Perns found in the County of Sussex, -with Localities of the Less Common Species. Pp. xxiii, IIS. 8vo. London Sf Chichester, 1887. Amott (George Arnott Walker). The British Plora : comprising the Phfenogamous or Flowering Plants and the Ferns. 8th Edition. See Hooker {Sir William Jackson). Askenasy (Eugen). Botanisch-Morphologische Studien. Habili- tationschrift. Pp. 50 & 7 plates. 8vo. Frankfurt-a.-Main, 1872. 1. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der flachen Stamme. 2. Ueber die systematische Stellung von Callitriche und Myriophyllum. 3. Ueber eine neue Meeresalge. Auld (Helen P.) and Gibson (R. J. Harvey). See Liverpool Marine Biology Committee : Memoirs, iv. Babington {Mrs. Anna Maria). Memorials, Journal, and Botanical Correspondence of Chaeles Caedale Babington. Pp. xciv, 475, & 2 portraits. 8vo. Cambridge, 1897. Babington (Charles Cardale). Memorials, Journal, and Botanical Correspondence. See Babington {Mrs. Anna Maria). Bailey (Frederick Manson). A Few Words about the Flora of the Islands of Torres Straits and the Mainland about Somerset. Pp. 24. (Austral. Assoc. Adv. Sci. vii. pp. 433-447.) 8vo. Sydney, 1898. Author. The Queensland Flora. Part I. Eanunculacese to Ana- cardiacese. Pp. xxxii, 325, & 12 plates. 8vo. Brisbane, 1899. Contributions to the Flora of Queensland. Plate 1, p. 1. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. vi.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1900. Author. Bangalore. Government Gardens and Parks in Mysore. Annual Reports. By J. Cameeon. "With the Government Review thereon. 1898-99. fol. Bangalore, IpOO. Bather (Francis Arthur). The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, mth a List of the Specim.ens in the British Museum. See British Museum — Fossils. Bayley (William Shirley). On the Sturgeon River Tongue. See United States Geol. Survey, vol. 36. Beck von Mannagetta (Glinther Hitter von). Flora von Nieder- Oesterreich ; Handbuch zur Bestimmung sammtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den augrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, ^hautig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen, &c. Bande 2. Pp. vi, 1396, und 1412 Figuren. 8vo. Wien, 1890-93. Beijerinck (M. W.). Beobachtungen liber die Ersten Entwick- klungsphasen einiger Cynipidengallen. Pp. iv, 198, mit 6 Tafeln. 92 PEOCEEDLNGS OF THE Beneden (Pierre Joseph van). Memoire sur les Vers intestinaux. Pp. 362, avec 27 planches. (Paris Acad. Sci., Compt. Rend, ii., Suppl.) 4to. Paris, 1861. Bennett (Arthur). Flora of Cumberland. Pp. 2. (Naturalist, 1899.) 8vo. London, 1899. Eecords of Scottish Plants for 1898, additional to Watson's "Topographical Botany," 2nd Ed. (1883). Pp. 3. (Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist. 1899.) 8vo. Edinburgh, 1899. Contribution towards a Flora of Caithness, No. 3. Pp. 12. (Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist. 1900.) 8vo. Edinburgh, 1900. Notes on Potamogeton. Pp. 5. (Journ. Bot. xxxviii.) 8vo. London, 1900. Author. Bergh (Rudolf). Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda. See Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol. ii. part 3. Berlin. Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Generalredakteur : Feanz Eilhaed Schflze. 8vo. Berlin, 1900. Liefg. 9. Aves. Trochilidje, von Ernst Hartert. 1900. Bernard (Claude). Memoire sur le Pancreas et sur le Role du Sue pancreatic dans les phenomeues digestifs. Pp. 185, avec 9 planches. (Paris Acad. Sci., Compt. Eend. i., Suppl.) 4to. Paris, 1856. Beyerinck (M. W.). See Beijerinck (M. W.). Bibliotheca Botanica (continued). Band VII. Heft 42". Botanische Ergebnisse der von der GeseUschaft fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin imter Leitung Dr. v. Drygalski's ausgesandten Grronland-Expedition nach Dr. Van- hofFeu's Sammlungen bearbeitet. — A. Kryptogamen. B. Phanerogamen. 4to. Stuttgart, 1897-99. A. Kryptogamen. 1897. B. Abromeit (Johannes). Samenpflanzen (Phanero- gamen) aus dem Umanaks- und Ritenbenks- Distrikt. 1899. Bibliotheca Zoologica (continued). Band X. Heft 22. Liefg. 1-6. Piersig CRicharu). Deutschlands Hydrach- niden. Pp. vii, 601, Tafeln 51. 1897-1900. Heft 24^. Thielb (Johannes). Studien liber pazifische Spongien. 1899. Band XI. Heft 28. Miltz (Otto). Das Auge der Polyphemiden. Pp. 60. Tafeln 4. 1899. Band XII. Heft 29. Liefg. 1 & 2. Pagenstecher (Arnold). Die Lepi- dopterenfauna des Bisraark-Archipels. Teil II. Die Nachtfalter. Pp. 268, mit 2 color. Tafeln. 1900. Biological Bulletin, Edited by the Director and Members of the Staff of the Marine Biological Laboratory "Woods Holl, Mass. Vol. I. nos. 1-5. 8vo. Boston, U.S.A., 1899-1900. Boeggild (0. B.). The Deposits of the Sea-bottom. See Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol. i. part 2. L1N]S^EA>'^ SOCIETY OF LONDON. 93 Bonnevie (Kristine). Hydroida. See Norwegian North- Atlantic Exped., xxvi. Borge (Oscar Frederik). Ueber die Ehizoideubildung bei einigen fadenformigen Chlorophyceen. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 61 & 2 Tafeln. Svo. Upsala, 1894. Borzi (Antonino). Stddi Algologici. Fasc. 2. Pp. 257 & 22 plates. 4to. Palermo, 1895. Bourdillon (Thomas Fulton). Descriptions of some new or rare Trees from Travancore. Pp. 5 & 6 plates. (Journ. Bombay- Nat. Hist. Soe. xii.) Svo. Bombay, 1899. Author. Boyce (Rubert). Oyster and Disease, an Account of certain Observations upon the Normal and Pathological Histology and Bacteriology of the Oyster and other Shellfish. See Liverpool : Lancashire Sea-Fisheries, Memoir i. British Association for the Advancement of Science (Dover). Eeport, 1899. Svo. Loiulon, 1900. Council Brit. Assoc. British Museum {continued). Birds. A Hand-List of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nomenclator AWum tum Fossilium turn Yiventium.] Vol. I. Bv E. BowDLEE. Shaepe. 8vo. Lonclon, 1899. Plants. Catalogue of the African Plants collected bv Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. Vol. II. Part 1. Pp. 260. Mono- cotyledons and G-ymnosperms. By Alfeed Baeton Eendle. Svo. London, 1899. Fossils. The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, with a List of the Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Pp. x, 70. By Feancis Aethue Bathee. Svo. London, 1899. Britton (Nathaniel Lord) and Brown {Hon. Addison). An Illust- rated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions from Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102 D Meridian. 3 vols. Eoy. Svo. Neiv York, 1896-98. Bronn (Heinrich Georg). Etudier les Lois de la Distribution des Corps Organises Fossiles dans les differents Terrains Sedimen- taires, suivant I'ordre le leur superposition. Essai. Pp. 542, (Paris Acad. Sci., Compt. Eend. ii., Suppl.) 4to. Paris, 1861. Brown (Robert) of Campster. Synopsis of the Birds of Vancouver Island. Pp. 15. (Ibis, n. s. iv.) Svo. London, 1S6S. Bullen {Rev. Robert Ashington). Notes on Land-Shells from a Holocene Deposit at the Horseshoe Pit, Colley Hill, Eeigate. Pp. 5. (Proc. Malacol. Soc. iii.) Svo. London, 1899. Author, Buller {Sir Walter Lawry). Essay on the Ornithologv of New Zealand. Pp. 28. Svo. Dunedin, 1865, 94 PBOCEEDISrGS OF THE Calcutta. Indian Museum. Deep-Sea Madreporaria collected by the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. By Alfeed William Alcock. 4to. Calcutta, 1898. An Account of the Deep-Sea Brachyura collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. By A. W. Alcoce. Pp. iii, 85 ; plates 4. 4to. Calcutta, 1899. A descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Fishes in the Indian Museum. Being a Revised Account of the Deep- Sea Fishes collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. By A. "W. Alcock. Pp. iii, 211. 4to. Calcutta, 1899. Cambridge Natural Science Manuals. Biological Series. General Editor, Akthur E. Shipley. 8vo. Cambridge, 1898. Outlines of Vertebrate Paleontology for Students of Zoology. By Arthur Smith Woodward. Pp. xxiv, 470. 1898. Canada. Geological Survey of Canada. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Palaeozoic Eossils. Vol. III. Part 3. 8vo. Ottaiva, 1897. 4. The Fossils of the Galena-Trenton and Black River formations of Lake Winnipeg and its vicinity. By J. F. Whiteaves. 1897. Vol. IV. 8vo. Ottaiua, 1897. Part 1 . A Revision of the Genera and Species of Canadian Paleozoic Corals. The Madreporaria Perforata and the Alcy on aria. By Lawrence M. Lambe. 1899. Preliminary Report on the Klondike Gold Fields, Yukon District, Canada. By R. G. McConnell. Pp. 44 & Map. 8vo. Ottawa, 1900. Descriptive Note on the Sydney Coal Field, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, to accompany a Revised Edition of the Geological Map of the Coal Field. Being Sheets 133, 134, 135 N. S., Summarized from the Reports of the Geological Survey of Canada, with the addition of later observations. By Hugh Fletcher. Pp. 16. 8vo. Ottawa, 1900. Candolle (Anne Casimir Pyramus de). Primitiae Florae Costa- ricensis : Piperaceae. See Durand (Theophile) and Pittier (H.). Chadwick (Herbert Clifton). Echinus. See Liverpool Marine Biology Committee : Memoirs, iii. Chapman (Bertha L.). Mallophaga from Birds of California. See Kellogg (Vernon L.). Chapman (Frederick). The Forarainifera of the Gault of Folke- ston, Parts i.-x. (Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc, 2nd Ser., vols, xi., xii., xiii., xiv., xvi., xviii.) 8vo. London, 1891-98. Author. Chesnut (V. K.). Principal Poisonous Plants of the United States. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot. Bull. no. 20.) 8vo. Washington, 1898. Thirty Poisonous Plants of the United States. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Farmer's Bull. no. 86.) 8vo. Washhigton, 1898. B. Daydon Jackson. LINNEAIf SOCIETY OF LONDON. 95 Chmielevsky (W. F.). Materiaiix pour servir a la Morpliologie et Physiologie des Proces Sexuels chez les Plantes Inferieiires. Pp. 80, plates 3. (Trav. Soe. Univ. Kharkov, xxv.) (In Eussian.) 8vo. Kharhov, 1890. Christiania. Physiographiske Forening. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne. Grundlagt af den Physiographiske Forening. Udgived ved Th. Kjerulf, D. C. Danielssen, H. Mohn, Th. Hiortbahl, AV. 0. BR0GGEE. Vols. 30-36. 8vo. Christiania, 1886-96. Royal Univ. Norway. Clark (Josephine Adelaide). Systematic and Alphabetic Index of New Species of North American Phanerogams and Pteridophvtes, published in 1891. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. vol. i. no. 5.) 8vo. Washington, 1892. Reference List of Publications relating to Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Libr. Bull. no. 20.) 8vo. Washington, 1898. B. Daydon Jackson. Clarke (William Ambrose). First Records of British Flowering Plants. Second Edition (Revised and Corrected). Pp. xvi, 19-4. Svo. London, 1900. Author. Claudius (Matthias). Mittheilungen liber ein auf dem Warteberg bei Kirchberg aufgefundenes Knockenlager. Inaugural-Disser- tation. Pp. 28. 4to. Alarhurgi, 1861. Lord Avebury. Clements (J. Morgan). The Ciystal Falls Iron-Bearing District of Michigan. See United States Geol. Survey, vol. 36. Cog^aux (Alfred). Moseanthus, a new Genus of Cucurbitaceae from Acapulco, Mexico. (U.S. Dept. Agri?., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 9.) 8vo. Washington, 1896. CoUett (Robert). On Clilamydoselachus angidneus, Garm., a Remarkable Shark found in Norway 1896. (Universitets- program for 2''''' Semester 1897.) Svo. Christiania, 1897. The University. Cook (0. F.). Inventory No. 2 of Foreign Seeds and Plants im- ported by the Section of Seed and Plant Introduction. Nos. 1001- 1900. (U!S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot.) Svo. Washington, 1899. B. Daydon Jackson. Cory (Charles B.). The Birds of Eastern North America, known to occur East of the Ninetieth Meridian. Key to the Families and Species. 4to. Chicago, 1899. Part I. Water Birds. Pp. ix, 1-142. Part II. Land Birds. Pp. ix, 131-387. [Special Edition printed for the Field Columbian Museum.] Coulter (John Merle). A Collection of Plants made by Mr. G. C. Nealley in the Region of the Rio Grande, in Texas, from Brazos Santiago to El Paso County. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. no. ii.) Svo. Washington, 1890. g6 PKOCEEDnrGS OF THE Coulter (John Merle). Manual of the Phanerogams and Pterido- phytes of Western Texas. Polypetalae, Gamopetalae. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from CS. Xat. Herb. vol. ii.) 8vo. Was7iinr;ton, 1891-92, Preliminary Eevision of the Xorth American Species of Cac- ttis, AnhaJoniicm, and Lopliopliora. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. iS"at. Herb. vol. iii. no. 2.) 8vo. Washington, 1894. Preliminary Revision of the Xorth American Species of EchinocacUis, Cerans, and Ojnintia. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 7.) 8vo. Washington, 1896, Coulter (John Merle) and Eose (Joseph Nelson). Eeport on Mexican UmbelUfera?. mostlv from the State of Oaxaca, recently collected by C. G. Pringle' and E. W. Xelson. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 5.) 8vo. Washington, 1895, Leibergia, a new Genus of Umbelliferfe from the Columbia Eiver Eegion. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 9.) Svo. Washington, 1896. Eesperogenia, a new Genus of Umbellifer^ from Mount Eainier. (^U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. v. no. 4.) Svo. Washington, 1899, B. Daydon Jackson. Coville (Frederick Vernon). Botany of the Deatli Valley Ex- pedition. A Eeport on the Botany of the Expedition sent out in 1S91 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to make a Biological Survey of the Eegion of Death Valley, California. (U.S. Dept. Agnc, Contrib. from U.S. X^at. Herb.' vol. iv.) Svo. Washington, 1893, Botany of Takutat Bay. Alaska. With a Field Eeport by Feedeeick Fos'stox. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 6.) Svo. Washington, 1895. Crepis occidentalis and its Allies. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Con- trib. from U.S. Xat. Herb. vol. iii. no. 9.) Svo. Washington, 1896. Xotes on the Plants used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Xat. Herb, vol. V. no. 2.) Svo. Washington, 1897. Observations on recent cases of Mushroom Poisoning in the district of Columbia. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot. Circul. no. 13.) 8vo. Washington, 1898. B. Daydon Jackson. Czerniavskyo (Voldemaro). Crustacea, Decapoda, Pontica Litto- ralia : materialia ad zoographiam Ponticam comparatam. Fasc 2. Pp. 268; Tafeln 7. (Beilage zu Tr. Soc Univ. Kharkow, xui.) (In Eussian.) Svo. KharTcov, 1884. Dall CWilliam Healey). Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, with special reference to the Miocene Silex-Beds of Tampa and the Pliocene Beds of the Caloosahatchie Eiver, Sac. — Part I. Pulmonate, Opisthobranchiate, and Orthodont Gastero- pods. Pp. 200 and 12 plates. (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Phil, iii.) Svo. Philadelphia, 1890-98, LIX>*EA>' SOCIETT OF LOXDOX. 97 Dall (William Healey). Ibid. — Part II. Streptodont and other Grastropods, concluded. Pp. 23G ; plates 10. (Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Phil. iii. part 2, pp. 201-473, platos 13-22.) Eoy. 8vo. PhUadeJphia, 1892. Part III. A new Classification of the Pelecvpoda. Pp. 92. (Trans. AA'asruer Pree Inst. Phil. iii. part 3, pp. 479- 570.) ^ Eoy. 8\o. Philadelphia, 1895. Part IV. — I. Prionodesmacea : Nucida to JaJia. II. Teleodesmacea : Teredo to Ervilixt. (Trans. "W'agner Free Inst. Phil. iii. part 4, pp. 571-947, plates 23-35.) Eoy. Svo. Philaddphia, 1898. Notes on the Palaeontological Publications ot Professor WixLiA5i Wagner. Pp. 11: plates 3. (Trans, Wagner Free Inst. Phil. V.) Eoy. Svo. Philadelphia. 1898. Danish Ingolf-Expedition in 1895-96 under Command of Commo- dore C. F. Waxdel. 4to. Copenhagen, 1899-1900. Vol. I. Parts 1-2. ., II. .. 1-3. „ III. Part 1. Danzig. Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig. Schrifteu. Xeue Folge, vol. x. Heft 1. 8vo. Danzig, 1899. Dellien (Friedrich). Ueber die systematische Bedeutung der anatomischen Charaktere der Caesalpinieen. Inaugural-Dis- sertation, Pp. viii. 104; Tafel 1. 8vo. Munchen, 1892. Demoor (Jean). Massart ^^Jean). and Vandervelde (Emile). Evolution by Atrophy m Biology and Sociology. Translated by Mrs. Chalmers Miicrell. Pp. 322. (intern. Scient. Series, vol. Ixxxvii.) 8vo. London, 1899. Derbes (Alph.) and Solier (A. J. J.). Memoire sur quelques points de la Physiologie des Aigues. Pp. 120 avec 23 planches. (Paris Acad. Sci., Compt. Eend. i., Suppl.) 4to. Paris, 1856. Dewey ( Lyster Hoxie). The Eussian Thistle: its History as a Weed in the United States, with an »A.ccount of the Means available for its Eradication. (U.S. Dopt. Agric. Div, Bot. Bull. no. 15.) Svo. Washington, 1894. B. Daydon Jackson. Tumbling Mustard (Sisgmbrium altissimum). (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot. Circul. no. 7.) Svo. Washington, 1896. Wild Garlic (Allium vimale, L.). (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div, Bot. Circul. no. 9.) . Svo. Washington, 1897, Three New Weeds of the Mustard Family. (U S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot. Circul. no. 10.) Svo, Washington, 189'; B. Daydon Jackson. Diener (Carl). Anthracolithic Fossils of Kashmir and Spiti. (Paiaeont. Ind.. Ser. xv. : Himalavan Fossils, vol. i. pt. 2.) 4to. Calcutta, 1899, Dodge (Charles Richards). A Eeport on the uncultivated Bast Fibers of the United States, including the history of previous LLN'X. SOC, PBOCEEDIXGS. — SESSIO.V 1S99-1900. h 98 PEOCEEDI>'GS or THE experiments with the plants or fibers, and brief statements relating to the allied species that are produced commerciall}'^ in the Old World. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Fiber Investig. Eep. no. 6.) 8vo. WasMnf/to?i, 1894. B. Daydon Jackson. Durand (TheopMle) and Pittier (H.). Primitise Florae Costari- censis. Tome IT. fascicule 3. Ord. Piperacea?. Auctore : Casimie de Candolle. Pp. 217-296. Svo. San Jose de Costa Ilka, A.C., 1899. H. Pittier. Eaton (Daniel Cady). See Eose (Joseph Nelson). Eckfeldt (John W.). List of Lichens from California and Mexico, collected by Dr. Edward Palmer from 1888 to 1892. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. a'oI. i. no. 8.) Svo. Washington, 1893. See Eose (Joseph Nelson). Emerson (Benjamin Kendall). Geology of Old Hampshire County, Massachusetts, comprising Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden Counties. Pp. xix, 790; plates 32. (U.S. Geol. Surv. Monogr. xxix.) 4to. Washington, 1898. Emmons (Samuel Franklin). Geology of the Aspen Mining District, Colorado. See Spurr (Josiaii Edward). Engelmann (George), Memoir of, 1809-1884. By Charles A. White. Pp. 21. 8vo. Washington, 1896. Evans (Alex. W.). See Eose (Joseph Nelson). Farnell (Frank). Eeport upou Trawling Operations off the Coast of New South Wales bet\\een the Manning Eiver and Jervis Bay, carried on by H.M.C.S. Tltetis, together with Scientific Eeport ou the Fishes, by Edgar E. Waite. See Sydney — Sea Fisheries. Fedtschenko (Boris). Die im Europiiischen Eussland, in der Krym und im Caucasus vorkommenden Arten der Gattung Hedysarum. Pp. 19, mit 3 Karten. (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. 1899.) Svo. Moscow, 1899. Author. Fedtschenko (Olga) and Fedtschenko (Boris). Eanuncuiaceen des russischen Turkestan. Pp. 41. (Engler's Bot. Jahrb. xxvii.) Svo. Leipzig, 1899. Authors. 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Herb, vol. iii. no. 1.) 8vo. Washington, 1892. Notes on some Pacific Coast Grasses. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. vol. i. no. 8.) 8vo. Washington, 1893. — Descriptions of new or noteworthy Grasses from the United States. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb, vol. i. no. 8.) 8vo. Washington, 1893. Descriptions of new Grasses from Mexico. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. vol. i. no. 8.) 8vo. Washington, 1893. See, U.S. Dept. of Agric. Vasey (George) and Galloway (B. T.). A Record of some of the Work of the Division, including extracts from Correspondence and other Communications. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Bot. Div. Bull, no. 8.) 8vo. Washington, 1889. B. Daydon Jackson. Vasey (George) and Rose (Joseph Nelson). List of Plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1888 in Southern California. See U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb, no. 1 (1890). List of Plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1889 at Lagoon Head, Cedros Island, San Benito Island, Gnadalupe Island, Head of the Gulf of California. See U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 1 (1890). Lists of Plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1890 in Lower California and Western Mexico, at La Paz, San Pedro Martin Island, Raza Island, Santa Rosalia and Santa Agueda. Guaymas. See U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot., Contrib. from U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 3 (1890). Vanllegeard (Ach.). Recherches sur les Te'trarhynques. Pp. 192 ; plate 9. (Mem. Soc Linn. Normandie, xix.) 4to. Caen, 1899. Versluys, jr. (Jan). Die mittlere und aussere Ohrsphare den Lacertiiia und Rhjnchocephalia. Inaugural - Dissertation. Pp. 247 ; Tafeln 8. 8vo. Jma, 1898. Verworn (Max). General Physiology, an Outline of the Science of Life. Translated from the Second German Edition and LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1 1? Edited by Fredeeic S. Lee. Pp. xvi, 615, with 285 illustra- tions. 8vo. London, 1899. Waite (Edgar Ravenswood). Scientific Eesults of the Trawling Expedition of H.M.C.S. Thetis. Part I. Introduction and Fishes. (Mem. Austral. Mus. no. iv.) 8vo. Sydney, 1899. Scientific Heport on the Fishes of New South AVales. See Sydney — Sea Fisheries. Walcott (Charles D.). Geology of the Yellowstone National Park. See United States GeoL Survey, vol. 32, part 2. Wallace (Robert). A Letter on African Horse Sickness. Pp. 4. (Keprinted from 'The Times ' of 29th Nov. 1899.) 8vo. Edinbunjh, 1899. Nature Knowledge Teaching introduced by the Scotch Code of 1899. Address delivered on Saturday, 17th February 1900, at Sciennes School, &e. Pp. 19. 8vo. Edinbtirgh, 1900. Scab in Sheep. Suggestions for its Eradication. Pp. 33. (Trans. Highland & Agric. Soc. Scotland, 1900.) 8vo. Edinburgh, 1900. Author. Wandel (C. F.). Beport of the Voyage. A^e*?* Danish Ingolf-Ex- pedition, vol. i. part 1. Current-Bottles. See Danish Ingolf-Expedition, vol, i. part 2. Warburg (Otto). Monographie der Myristicaceen. Pp. 680 ; Tafeln 25. (Nova Acta" Acad. Leop.-Car. Bd. 68.) 4to. Halle-a.-Saale, 1897. Ward (Harry Marshall). Diseases of Plants. Pp. 196. (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.) Svo. London, 1889. The Oak: a popular Introduction to Forest Botany. Pp. 175. 8vo. London, 1892. Timber and some of its Diseases. Pp. viii, 295. (JNature Series.) 8vo. London, 1897. Washington. Washington Academy of Sciences. Proceedings. Vol. 1^ 8vo. Washington, 1899> Webber (Herbert John). The Water Hyacinth, and its Eelationto Navigation in Florida. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Div. Bot. Bull. no. 18.) 8vo. Washington, 1897. B. Daydon Jackson. Weed (Walter H.). Geology of the Yellowstone National Park. See United States Geol. Survey, vol. 32, part 2. Wellington, N. Z. New Zealand Institute. I Mangareva Dictionary, Gambler Islands. By Edward Tregear. Pp. 121. 8vo. Wellington, 1899. West Indian Bulletin. The Journal of the Imperial Agricultural Department for the West Indies. Vol. i. nos. 1-3. 8vo. Barbados, 1899-1900. Dr. D. Morris. White (Charles A.). Memoir of George Engelmann. 1809-1884. Bead before the National Academy, April 1896. Pp. 21. 8vo. Washington, 1896. Cr. J. Engelmann, M.D. White (David). Fossil Flora of the Lower Coal Measures of Missouri. See United States G-eol. Survey, vol. 37. Il8 TEOCEEDINGS OF THE White (Gilbert) of Selhome. Born 18 July 1720 ; died 26 June, 1793. Private Reprint of a proof as revised by the Author for the Dictionary of National Biography, vol. Ixi. 1899. See Newton (Alfred). Wiegmann (Friedricb). Land- und Siisswasser-Mollusken der Seychellen. See Martens (E. C. von). Wildeman (Em. de) et Durand (Theophile). Contributions a la Flore du Coneo. (Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. 1, Bot. i.) 4to. Bruxelles, 1898-99. Wille (N.). Beitrage zur physio! ogisch en Anatoraie der Lamina- riaceeu. (Universitets-program for 2'^'=* Semester, 1 897.) 8vo. Christiania, 1897. The University. Wilson (Edmund B.). The Cell in Development and Inheritance, Pp. xvi, 371 : Figures 142. 8vo. JS'ew Fork 1.' /» 2 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE The following papers were read : — 1, " On the Terrestrial Isopoda of New Zealand." By Charles Chilton, M.A., F.L.S. 2. " On the Character and Origin of the Park Lands m Central Africa." By J. E. S. Moore, F.Z.S. (Communicated by Prof. J. B. Farmer, P.L.S.) November 15th, 1900. Mr. C. B. Clarke, Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Walter Hoare was elected, and the Rev. John Gerard, S.J., was admitted a Fellow of the Society. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., F.L.S., exhibited (1) a number of specimens and drawings of Fitcliia (Hook. f. in Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 640, pis. 23, 24), including a new species from the island of Baratonga in the Cook Archipelago, discovered by Mr. T. F. Cheese- man a Fellow of this Society. The genus was described from specimens thought to have been procured on Elizabeth Island, a remote coral island in the Eastern Pacific ; but Mr. Hemsley gave reasons for believing that the locality of the plant described by Sir Joseph Hooker was Tubnai Island in the same latitude, but 20° farther to the west : an island of volcanic origin and mountainous, and therefore more likely than a coral islaiid to be the habitat of such a plant, especially as it was originally discovered by Banks and Solander in Tahiti. Only three or four species are known : they are small resiniferous shrubs of tree-like habit, with rather thick branches, opposite simple leaves borne on slender stalks, and terminal, usually solitary flower-heads. The systematic position of Fitcliia is not very evident; although usually placed in the Cichoriace^e (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, ii. 505), Mr. Hemsley considered its affinities as a resiniferous plant to be with the HelianthoideiB, and near to Petrobium, a monotypic genus of St. Helena (Hooker, Icon. Plant, t. 1053). After discussing the views of system atists on this point, he briefly described the new species from Baratonga {Fitcliia nutans), remarking that it secreted a resin which is exuded on the young branches and flower-heads, and is used to prepare an agreeably odoriferous oil. Mr. Hemsley next exhibited (2) an abnormal cluster of fruits of the edible chestnut found by Mr. Charles Bead of Sway in the New Forest, and forwarded to Kew by the llev. J. E. Kelsall. Usually there are two or three, rarely four in a cluster ; but in the specimen exhibited there were at least fifteen, the largest nuts measuring about an inch in their greatest diameter. He also exhibited (3) a curious flask-shaped bird's-nest which had been sent to Kew by Mr, J. H. Hart, Director of the Botanic LTNNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 3 Garden, Trinidad, but without any information concerning the bird which built it. It was constructed almost entirely of the soft plumose seeds of a species of Tillandsia (Broraeliaceae) . It measured a foot in length and between 4 and 5 inches in its greatest diameter ; and had the entrance at the base, the receptacle for the eggs being near the top of the inside. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S., in reply to a question from the Chairman, said that without seeing a specimen of the bird which had built the nest in question, it was not easy to name the species with certainty ; but that it was doubtless the nest of an Icterus^ and probably of Icterus leucopteryx, commonly known in the West Indies as the Banana-bird. Mr. James Groves, F.L.S., on behalf of Mr. Cecil 11. P. Andrews, exhibited specimens of a Sea Lavender new to the Channel Islands, Statice hjchnidifolia, Girard, discovered by Mr. Andrews in August of the present year growing sparingly on low rocl\S by the sea in Alderney in company with S. occidentalism the most nearly allied British species. The distinguishing characteristics of S. h/cJinidifoHa, as noted by Mr. Andrews, were the large, many-ner\'ed leaves, the stout scapes with large scales, the broad dark bracts, and the trian- gular calyx-teeth. Mr. Groves pointed out that the interest of the record consisted not so much iu the fact of the plant occurring in Alderney (being a native of the adjacent French coast, and the Channel Islands being geographically more French than British), as in the fact that a species should be added to the flora of one of our possessions so near home. The following papers were read : — 1. " Contributions to the Comparative Anatomyof theCycadacese.' By W. C. Worsdell, F.L.S. 2. " On Goidelia echiura, a new Entozoie Copepod from Japan." By Miss A. L. Embleton. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L, Soc.) December 6th, 1900. Dr. F. D. GoDMAN, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Walter Hoare was admitted, and the following were elected Fellows of the Society : — Messrs. Charles William Agnew Bruce, Malcolm Burr, Ananda K. Coomara-Swamy, Charles Alphonse Le Doux, Francis John Lewis, Theodore llichard Robinson, and Henry Alwin Soames. Dr. A. B. Kendle, F.L.S., exhibited specimens, including leaves and fruit, of Grasswrack, Zostera marina, Linn., recentlv found by 62 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Capt. H. P. Deasy near Yepal Ungar, in the Kwen Lua mountains, at an altitude of 1 6,500 feet. The plants were not growing in this remarkable locality, but were preserved in a bed 10 to 12 feet thick on top of and interspersed with which were strata of blue clay. The broken leaves and sheaths of which the specimens consisted were dry and brittle, but showed no alteration, the internal structure being as perfect as in the fresh plant. As the country is geologically unknown, it is impossible to estimate the age of the deposit. It probably formed the bed of a salt-lake. There is one in the neighbourhood ; and Capt. Deasy is of opinion that the whole district formed at one time a large salt-lake. The specimens were very dusty, but microscopic examination of the dust revealed nothing beyond particles of sand and a few small brown objects, apparently spores of some kind. Capt. Deasy states that he saw similar growths in a lake in the same district, but was unable to procure specimens. This occurrence of Zostera marina in the heart of the Asiatic con- tinent and at so great an elevation, is of special interest. The plant, so far as known, is purely marine, occurring plentifully on our own coasts, and throughout Europe, on the Atlantic shores of North. America, and in North-east Asia. It has not previously been recorded from an inland lake, though an allied species, Zostera nana, Linn., occurs in the Caspian. Whether its existence in the Kwen Lun range has any relation to the Tertiary marine deposits which connect the Mediterranean area with the Himalayas is matter for conjecture. There seems to be some evidence for the existence of Zostera in Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary times ; at any rate several species have been described from fossils resembling the rhizome of the plant, found in Central European beds. A discussion followed in which Dr. Stapf, Messrs. E. M. Holmes, H. Groves, J. E. Harting, and Prof. Howes took part. Dr. Eendle also showed a specimen of another marine mono- cotyledonous plant, Halophila stipidacea, Asch,, from Tuticorin in Southern India, sent by Mr. Edgar Thurston. This species is not included in the ' Flora of British India,' nor in Trimeu's ' Cej'lon Flora'; a plant found by Dr. Harvey at Trincomalee, and thus deter- mined by Thwaites, being assigned to the commoner H. ovata, Gaud, II. stipulacea occurs in the Ked Sea, the Mascarene Islands, and Eodriguez. The Eev. John Gerard, F.L.S., exhibited some abnormally large shells of the Swan Mussel, Anodonta cygnea, forwarded from Claughton, Garstang, Lancashire, by Mr. W. Fitzherbert Brockholes. The three largest of these measured 8*75 in., 8 in., and 7'5 in. in width, these measurements being considerably in excess of those given in the text-books, and of the examples figured as Mytilus cygneus in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. viii. pi. 3, p. 109, and as Mytilus stagnalis (from Kew Gardens) in Sowerby's 'British Miscellany,' vol. i. pi. xvi. p. 33. It was stated that amongst other specimens found in the pond at Claughton, when drained, there was one of LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 5 9 inches, twenty-eight measuring from 8 to 9 inches, and about a hundred from 7 to 8 inches. A discussion followed in which the Chairman, Prof. Howes, Messrs. H. Groves, Bernard Arnold, and J. E. Harting took part ; the last-named exhibiting some specimens oiAnodonta from Horsham, Sussex, measuring 7 inches in width. The following papers were read : — 1. "On some new Foraminifera from the Lagoon at Funafuti." By Frederick Chapman, A.L.S. 2. « A Eevision of the British Thrifts." By G. Claridge Druce, F.L.S. December 20th, 1900. Prof. S. H. Vines, M.A., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Charles William Agnew Bruce, Ananda K. Coomara- Swamy, and Arnold T. Watson were admitted Fellows of the Society. On behalf of Dr. J. W. Cornwall, F.L.S., the Secretary exhi- bited two photographs of a compound flower which appeared on a white Foxglove growing in a garden near Godalming. Mr. B. Daydon Jackson exhibited two editions of Hill's ' Flora Britaunica,' the earlier, dated 1759, being apparently unknown to bibliographers. This edition difiers from the usual issue of 1760 in having a different title-page, and publisher's name : the copy exhibited wants the plates mentioned on the title. The species ascribed to the genus Statice are three in number; in modern nomenclature one species of Armeria and two of Statice. Some additional remarks were made by Mr. Henry Groves. Prof. Howes, F.E,.S., exhibited a couple of Pigeon's Egg-shells, cast up at the mouth by the tropical African Egg-eating Snake Dasi/peltis scahra, now living in the Zoological Society's Gardens, and called attention to the presence of a series of spiral and longitudinal fracture-lines, pointing to an elaborate coordinate muscular activity in the ' crushing ' process, the probable nature of which he discussed, in the light of the recent investigations of Katheriner into the anatomy of the animal and the observations of Miss Durham upon its feeding habits. A discussion followed in which Prof. Poulton and Prof. Marcus Haitog took part, the latter expressing his regret that Miss Durham, who had first described and figured the mode in which Dasypeltis swallows the eg^, and disposes of the shell, was precluded from being present at this discussion. Prof. Poulton, F.E.S., exhibited a living specimen of the Death's- 6 PEOCEEDlNCtS OE IHJil head Moth (Acherontia Atropos), and proved with a stethoscope that the late Prof. Moseley was correct in stating that the sound comes from the proboscis. He also showed that all sound ceased the moment the tip of the straightened proboscis was dipped in water, and could not be resumed until the organ was withdrawn; thus supporting Prof. Moseley's opinion that the sound was produced by forcing air through the proboscis. Prof. Po niton also exhibited projected photographs of Acrcea unicolor var. alcippina, recently received from Sierra Leone by Mr. Herbert Druce, F.L.S., together with specimens of Limnas cJirysippus var. alcippus, which they closely resemble. He showed that this Acra^a is represented in the South and East Central regions of Africa by varieties which correspond to the respective forms of L. chrysippus : that in fact the geographical coincidence between the two is much closer than with the forms of the female of Hypolimnas misippus and those of L. chrysippus. The former is one example of Miillerian mimicry, both forms being inde- pendently distasteful ; while the female Hypolimnas is generally regarded as a Batesian mimic. In a discussion which ensued, Col. Swinhoe, Mr. Herbert Goss, and Prof. Farmer took part. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Structure and Habits of the Ammocharidce" By Arnold T. Watson, F.L.S. 2. " On the Flora of Vavau, one of the Tonga Islands." By I. H. BurkiU, F.L.S,, and C. S. Crosby, M.A. January 17th, 1901. Prof. S. H. Vines, M.A., F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. James Alfred Wheldon was elected a Fellow of the Society. The President announced that the " Bressa Prize," offered by the '• Academic Eoyale des Sciences de Turin," would be awarded for the most striking and useful discovery in physical and experimental science, natural history, pure and applied mathematics, physiology, not excluding geology, history, geography, and obstetrics. The value of the prize offered is 9600 francs, or nearly .£400, and the competition is open to experts and inventors of all nations, the com- petition closing on the 31st Dec. 1902. The President also announced that the Imperial and Eoyal Zoological and Botanical Society of Vienna would celebrate its Jubilee Anniversary on the 30th March, 1901, to which represen- tatives of other Scientific Societies were cordially invited. A notification from those intending to be present is requested not later than the middle of February. UUXEAN SOCIETY OP LOKDOJf. 7 Mr. S. Pace exhibited and made remarks on some Pearl Oysters and other specimens illustrating the formation and development of pearls. Mr. C. T. Druery, F.L.S., exhibited an intermediate form between Ceterach officinanan and ScoJopendrium vulgare, which he had received from the late Mr. E. J. Lowe, F.L.S. The fronds were of somewhat foliose Ceterach form, but entirely devoid of scales, and with the upper third confluent, resembling: the tip of a Scolopendrium-fiond, the fructification partly Seolopendrioid Fig. 2. Fig. 1. Frond of Asplenium marimim (?), nat. size. Fig. 2. Portion of same, magnified, showing sori. 8 rKoci;EDi>'Gs ov the and partly Asplenioid, From this combination of characters, the exhibitor considered the plant to be a true hybrid between tne species named. Air, C. H. Wright, A.L.S., exhibited, on the other hand, numerous herbarium specimens of iScolopendnum vulgare, Ceterach officinarum, Asj)Ieniu7n marinum; Asplenitim Meniionitis {palmatum), and iScolo- jyendriuiyi nigripes, by which last three species it was demonstrated that sori in laced pairs {Scolojjendrium type) may not only appear en species classed as Asj)Unium, but that, on the other hand, simple Asplenoid sori may exist on species classed as Scolojpendrmm (e. g., iS. nigrijpes) and A. Hemioniiis as exhibited and shown in a drawing (p. 7 ; by favour of the Kew authorities. !Mr. Wright therefore was inclined to the opinion that the presumed hybrid was merely a form of A. marinum, basing his opinion partly on the leathery nature of both ^. vidgare and Ceterach Ironds as contrasted with the thin papery texture of the exhibits. He entered at some length into the various modes of attempting cross-fertilization in Ferns; but the factors of uncertainty are so difficult to eliminate, that until some delicate means have been devised lor the actual transference by hand of individual antherozoids to alien archegonia, hybridity in Ferns can hardly be scientitically proved. , Mr. A. W. Bennett remarked that, in view of the extremely wide dilterence between the genera, very strong evidence indeed would be required to establish the fact of hybridization between them. Mr. J. Fraser added some remarks bearing upon the indefinite classification of genera, evidenced by the exhibits with respect to fructification. Mr. Druery, in reply, considered that the Kew examples demon- strated that a far closer alliance existed between Scol. vulgare and the AsjiUnia than appeared on the surface, the presumed generic line between the forms of fructification being broken through, and hence the possibility of hybridizing. He alao pointed out that as A. marinum had also very leathery fronds, this argument per contra failed. One of the specimens of A. marinura exhibited with Scolopendrioid sori in quantity, found in France, might also, he considered, possibly be a natural hybrid with S. vulgare, especially as its fronds and some pianae were peculiarly forked, dilated, and irregularly abnormal ; while it is well known that the two species are often closely associated in their habitats, so that their spores might easily mix. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Tooth-genesis in the Caviidce." By Dr. H. W. Marett Tims, F.L.S. '2. •' Some Piemarks on the Natural History and Experimental Cultivation ot the Pearl Oyster." By Dr. H. L. Jameson. (Com- municated by Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.L.S.) LlJfNEAS^ SOCIETY OF LOXDON. 9 February 7th, 1901. Prof. S. H. YiifES, 3I.A., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting -were read and confirmed. The Minutes of the last Meeting having been read and confirmed, the President announced i'rom the Chair the terms of an Humble Address to His Most Gracious Majesty the King as follows, -which was unanimously adopted, all present rising from their seats : — To THE KIJS'G'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. The Humble Address of the PKEsiDEifT. Council, ami Fellows of the LnfNEAK SociEir of London. Most Gracious Sovebeign : We, the President, Council, and Fellows of the Linnean Society in General Meeting assembled, beg leave to approach Tour Majesty, humbly to express our profound sorrow at the great and irreparable loss which has befallen Tour Majesty and the Koyal House in the recent death of oiu- beloved and venerated Sovereign Lady Queen Ticxoria, our Patron, Whose Memory wiU ever be gratefully cherished by this Society. "We are also desirous of expressing the earnest hope that Divine Providence may, in Its Goodness and Mercy, be pleased to bless Tour Majesty with health and length of days, and that Your Majesty's iieign over a loyal and grateful people may be long and glorious. The sympathetic interest which Tour Majesty has constantly manifested in aU that concerns the progress of Science, encourages us to hope that Tour Majesty will be graciously pleased to con- tinue to our Corporate Body that beneficent Patronage which it has uninterruptedly enjoyed at the Hands of Tour Majesty's Koyal Predecessors since the granting of the Charter in 1S02. Given under the Common Seal of the Society the 7th day of February, Uiul. Sidney H. Vines, Fresidcnt. B. Daydon Jackson, ] „ . . G. B. Howes, J The President called attention to the fact that the large collec- tions of letters comprising the " Linnean Correspondence "" and the " Swainson Correspondence" had recently been carefully arranged, and specially bound in foHo volumes, the latter series at the cost of the Hon. Walter Kothschild, F.L.S., and that a handsome bookcase for their reception had been presented by Mr. Herbert Druce, F.L.S. A vote of thanks to the donors "was proposed and passed unanimously. lO PKOCEEDINGS OF THE Mr. H. W. Monckton, PX.S., exhibited some lantern-slides showing a large Ammonite in the Kimmeridge Clay at tSwanage, and several views taken at the Portland Oyster-bed at Tilly Whim and the Purbeck Oyster-bed in Durleston iay. Some remarks thereon were made by Mr. E. K. Sykes, P.L.S. The President, whilst demonstrating the property possessed by certain vegetable liquids, such as coco-nut milk and the juice of the pineapple and the potato, to cause the oxidation ol guaiacum tincture in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a blue colour being produced, drew attention to the recent researches of Kaciborski on the subject. Eaciborski has made the interestiug discovery that certain tissues of the plant-body, more particularly the sieve-tubes and the laticilerous tissue, contain some substance, to which he gives the name lejjtomin, which likewise causes guaiacum to turn blue in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and has gone on to inter that this lej)tcmin may be regarded as discharging in the plant a lunction analogous to that of hamoglobin in the animal body. The President urged, against this assumption, that although both leptomin and haemoglobin give the guaiacum reaction, jet this lact does not prove that leptomin can combine with oxygen, and can act as an oxygen-carrier in the organism, in the manner which is so characteristic of hamoglobin ; and that therefore the sug- gested analogy between the two substances is at least premature. The following paper was read and discussed : — " On the Necessity lor a Provisional Nomenclature for those forms of life which cannot be at once ai ranged in a natural system." By E. M. Bernard, M.A., F.L.S. [Abstract.'] Taking the Stony Corals as an illustration, the author shows how impossible it is to classily them into " species " in the present state of our knowledge (1 ) of the living forms themselves, ana (2) of what we should mean by the term " species." He finds himself compelled to invent some method of naming them which shall enable their natural history to be written, so far as it can be discovered, without at the same time having to pretend that, in so doing, the specimens are being classified in the modern evolutionary sense, that is, according to their true genetic afhnities. This " natural order " can only be based upon an exhaustive study of all the discoverable variations, and only then will it be possible to arrange these varia- tions into natural groups or " species." P"urther, this study, if its results are to be trustworthy, must have had regard not only to the stiuctural details of the specimens, but also to their natural con- ditions of exittence, in order that all tliote variations which are purely accidental and adajjtational, e,g., due to special currents, or to iaNouiallc or unfavourable positions on the reef, may be UJJXEAN SOClEXY op LOSDOK. 11 eliminated ; for only those which have been normally inherited can be admitted into an evolutionary classification, at least, as at present understood. The author contends therefore that the present exclusive ad- herence, for all purposes of description, to the Linnean binomial system which implies classification, when classification can only be attained as the end and crown of our work, is philosophically absurd and practically disastrous. The absurdity of starting by assuming what it is the object of all our researches to find out is self-evident ; while the hindrance to progress due to waste of energy, to the assumption that the goal is attained, to the natural indisposition to rearrange previous classifications, to the synonymies which continually grow and must ever continue to grow as our knowledge, which advances in spite of our methods, compels us to bring our premature classifications nearer and nearer to the natural order — only need to be mentioned to be equally self-evident. A provisional nomenclature is therefore proposed in order to make work possible in those groups in which, as in the Corals, classification, except in its barest outlines, is premature. The author suggests that this consists (1) of the existing generic name (or when that cannot be discovered, the family name) ; (2) of the locality in which each specimen has been found ; (3) of a fraction which can be understood from the following illustration: — '■'■Porites, Singapore 4/20 '" would mean that there are twenty apparently distinct forms of Forites kno^vn to occur at Singapore, and the particular one referred to is that which was described and figured as number 4. If a new Forites be found in the same locality, i. e., a Forites not immediately referable to any yet figured, its designa- tion for reference would be " Porites, Singapore 21/21." The formula which shall be ultimately agreed upon ought to be formally adopted. A discussion followed, in which Prof. E. Eay Lankester, Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Mr. H. J. Elwes, with Mr. iateson and Prof. J . Bell (visitors) took part. It was proposed by Prof. Lankester that the discussion should be adjourned to another meeting, when resolutions could be submitted, which, having been seconded by Mr. Elwes, was carried. February 21st, 1901. Dr. A. GtJNiHiE, E.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. E. Morton Middleton, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on a series of Virginian Oysters of certified ages, on which some observations were made by Prof. Howes and Dr. H. L. Jameson. Mr. H. E. Smedley, F.L.S., exhibited with the aid of the Lantern 12 pboceedikgs of the a series of Photomicrographs illustrating the histology of various types of plants. Mr. Smedley also showed some fossil remains of Balcena from the Crag, with other undetermined hones, on which some remarks were made by Mr. Lydekker. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Atfinities of JElurojpus melanoleucus." By Prof. E. Eay Lankester, P.E.S., and Mr. E. Lydekker, P.E.S. 2. " Etude d'une espece nouvelle de Lepadides." By Monsieur A. Gruvel. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. Linn. Soc.) March 7th, 1901. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. John Basil Feilding, Conrad Theodore Green, and Henry Harold Welch Pearson were elected Fellows of the Society. Mr. P. Enock, F.L.S., showed a series of lantern-slides illus- trating the metamorphoses of a Dragonfly, ^schna cceiidea, and gave an interesting account of the life-history of that insect, Mr. H. E. Smedley, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on a collection of models of Fungi, Nepenthes, Sarracenia, and Aroids, as also several models of sections of Flowers, in wax and com- position. Observations thereon were made by the President. Dr. J. Murie, F.L.S., on behalf of Mr. H, Doubled ay, exhibited an Orange within an Orange, the enclosed fruit having a complete rind ; in which respect it differed from one previously shown by Dr. Eendle (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1890-91, p. 7). The following papers were read : — 1. " Contributions to the Malacostracan Fauna of the Mediter- ranean." By Alfred 0. Walker, F.L.S. 2. " On the Occurrence of Tristicha Tiypnoides, Spreng., in Egypt, By Miss Gulielma Lister. (Communicated by Mr. Arthur Lister, F.E.S., F.L.S.) March 21st, 1901. Dr. F. D. GoDMAN, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. James Digby Firth was elected, and Messrs. John Basil Fielding and Henry Harold Welch Pearson were admitted Fellows of the Society. J LINNEAN SOCIKTT OP LONDON. I3 On behalf of Mrs. Mivart the Zoological Secretary presented for the acceptance of the Society a half-length portrait in oils of the late Dr. St. George Mivart, F.R.S., F.L.S., a former Vice-President. On the motion of the Chairman, a cordial vote of thanks for so acceptable a gift was passed, and an intimation thereof was directed to be conveyed to the donor. Mr. J. E. Harting, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on some photographs of female Roedeer (Capreolus capred) bearing antlers, one of which had been shot at Neudau, in East Styria, in December last. This animal, which was very fat, weighed 47 lb. 6*oz. A careful examination of the reproductive organs showed that its condition was perfectly normal, and that it differed in no respect from an ordinary doe of this species except in having horns. It was considered by the foresters who examined it to be three or four years old, and, in their opinion, from the appearance of the teats it was a doe which had never paired. The horns, which were bifur- cated and of a type common in the Austrian Tyrol, measured about 4^ inches in length. Mr. H. J. Elwes, F.R.S., considered the case so remarkable and unusual, as to suggest the probability of some mistake having been made in determining the sex. Mr. Harting, in reply, stated that this was by no means unique. In Germany, where Roedeer are much more plentiful than in this country, several does with antlers had been recorded. Dr. Altum in his 'Eorstzoologie' (Bd. i. p. 211) states that many such cases were known to him. One instance noted in the Black Forest at Kippenheim is mentioned in ' The Zoologist,' 1866, p. 435. In that case the horns were " in the velvet," but perfectly hard ; one was about 6 in. long with a single short tine, the other about 3 in. without any tine. A female Roe with budding horns was shot in October 1875 by Mr. Duncan Davidson of Inchmarlo, Banchory, Aberdeenshire. The skull of another in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, forwarded from Petworth Park, Sussex, by Lord Egremont is figured in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1879, p. 297. Dr. Godman observed that, although he had had considerable experience of deer in Scotland (both Red-deer and Roe), he had never come across so remarkable and abnormal a case. Mr. Harting pointed out that such cases were not confined to the genus Capreolus, but had been noted rarely in Cervus elaplius, and once in the case of the American White-tailed Deer, Cariacus virgi- nianus (shot in East Kootenay, British Columbia), a photograph of which he exhibited. It was well known that there is an intimate connection between the reproductive organs and the growth of antlers ; and it was not unreasonable to suppose that the phe- nomenon of antlers on a female deer (except in the case of the Reindeer and Cariboo, which normally carried them) might be due to some abnormal condition of the ovarios or other parts of the genital organs. 14 PROCKEDINfiS OF THE The following paper was read : — " On the Intestinal Tract of Birds, and the V aluation and Nomenclature of Zoological Characters." By P. Chalmers Mitchell, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. April 4th, 1901. Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.H.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. A letter was read from the Home Secretary conveying " His Majesty's thanks for the loyal and dutiful Address of the President and Council of the Linnean Society expressing sympathy on the occasion of the lamented death of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria and congratulations on His Majesty's Accession to the Throne." Mr. George Stephen West was elected a FeUow of the Society. The Secretary exhibited some British species of Plants forwarded by M. Biiysman of Middleburg to show the character of a proposed issue to include the whole of the British Flora ; on which some remarks were made by the Chairman and Mr. James Groves. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., exhibited specimens of Sapium and Hevea (Euphorbiacese) and Castilloa (Artocarpaceae), a large series of plants and seeds forwarded by Mr. Jenman, Government Botanist in British Guiana, with a view to clear up certain questions con- cerning the Rubber-trees. The genus Hevea included ten or a dozen described species inhabiting eastern tropical South h merica, but none in the West Indies. Hevea hrasiliemis, the source of the true Para rubber, was not very different from Hevea guianensis, which is restricted to French Guiana, the differences between them being shown in the figures given of the floral structure and seeds in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, plates 2570-2577. It was formerly supposed that two species of Hevea might be distinguished in British Guiana, one (Hevea pariciflora) having thin leaves and a hairy ovary, the other thick coriaceous leaves and a glabrous ovary ; but after examining a large number of specimens, Mr. Hemsley had come to the conclusion that the differences were not constant, and that all the specimens exhibited might belong to one species, and merely represented individual variation. The exhibition demonstrated the difficulty of determining species of Hevea from imperfect specimens, and especially from seeds alone. A discussion followed in which Mr. F. N. Williams, the Rev. F. C. Smith, and the Chairman took part. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Plants from the High Andes." By W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., F.L.S., and H. H. W. Pearson, F.L.S. '2,. " On some British Freshwater Rhizopods and Heliozoa." By G. S. West, F.L.S. LINNEAN SOCIETT OF LOXDON. I 5 April 18th, 1901. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S,, President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Allan Octavian Hume and Pierre Elie Felix Peredes were elected Fellows of the Society. In view of the approaching Anniversary Meeting, the Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing and Mr. Henry Groves were elected Auditors on behalf of the Council, and Messrs. A. 0. Walker and H. Druce on the part of the Fellows. Mr. J. E. Harting exhibited a large Falcon which had been trapped at Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex, and which, from its great size, dark colour, and the absence of bars on the tail-feathers, was thought to be a male Norwegian Gyrfalcon. Mr. G. E. Lodge, who exhibited some specimens of Gyrfalcons, was inclined to think that it was merely a large and dark variety of the Peregrine. Mr. Howard Saunders suggested, in view of its size and the remarkable darkness of the plumage, that the bird might be a male example of the so-called Labrador Falcon, but having since examined it more closely and measured the wing and tarsi, he was of opinion that it was a large female Peregrine. It was remarked that, although both the Peregrine and the Gyrfalcon have the tarso-tibial joint clothed with the feathers, the feathering in the former species does not extend nearly so far down the tarsus as in the latter, and this was the case with the bird exhibited. Mr. Harting exhibited and made remarks upon a mummified Hawk from an Egyptian tomb, pointing out the difference between mummies made at Memphis, which are black, dry and brittle, from the bitumen employed in the embalming process, and those from Thebes which, like the specimen exhibited, are of a yellowish colour, more flexible, and were prepared with natron, or neutral carbonate of sodium, Na^COg, brought from the natron lakes in the Lybian desert. Col. Swinhoe confirmed the statement that our word " mummy," Fr. momie, Sp. momia, was derived from the Arabic moam, wax, the most expensive process of embalming known to the Egyptians being that in which wax and bitumen were the chief ingredients. Mr. Charles Dawson, F.G.S., exhibited a hollow flint nodule which had been picked up on the downs at Lewes, and which on fracture was found to contain the desiccated body of a Toad. The flint measured b\ inches in length and 12 inches in circumference, and 1 6 PKOCEEDIlf&S OF THE a small hole at one end indicated the point of ingress for the toad, which must have entered in a very immature condition, and died there after having attained a size too great to permit of its escape. In the discussion which followed, remarks were made by Mr. E. T. Newton, F.R.S., Mr. John Lewis, C.E., and others; the general opinion being that a modern Toad had crept into an ancient flint, and having lived for a time on such insects as found their way into the cavity, had died there. Mr. S. Pace exhibited specimens of Mosehya latistellata, Quelch, the so-called " Rugose Coral " from Torres Strait. The specimens shown were obtained from the backs of pearl-shells collected in Friday Island passage at a depth of 3 to 4 fathoms. In the opinion of Mr. Pace, they showed that the so-called Coral was really a species of LithopJiyllia. Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S., exhibited the leaves and flowers of two new genera of Chinese trees : (1) Bretschneidera, discovered by Dr. Henry in the province of Yunnan, lat. 23° 'N., in forests at an elevation of 5000 feet, and bearing pink and white flowers like the Horse Chestnut, to which it is related ; and (2) Itoa, also a native of Yunnan, growing at a similar elevation and to a height of about twenty feet. The genus, named in honour of a famous Japanese botanist, was stated to be allied to Idesia, Maxim., Poliothyrsus, Oliver, and Carrierea, Franch., all monotypic genera inhabiting China, but differing from them in certain respects which Mr. Hemsley indicated. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Formation and Variation of the Corallum in Turhi- naria." By Mr. S. Pace. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec. L.Soc.) 2. " On some Collections of High-level Plants from Tibet, with a Sketch of the Distribution of the observed Species.'"' By Messrs. W. Botting Hemsley, F.E.S., F.L.S., and H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., F.L.S. May 2nd, 1901. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Pierre Elie Felix Perredes was admitted, and Messrs. William Henry Johnson and John Henry Holland were elected Fellows of the Society. Monsieur Francois Crepin, Prof. Franz Reinhold Fjellman, Prof. Alphseus Spring Packard, and Prof. Ignatz Urban were elected Foreign Members. LIXXEAN SOCIETY OF LONDOX. I 7 Prof. Charles Stewart, F.R.S., F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on the egg and oviducal gland of Scyllium catulus, and on the nature of the egg-shell of Sphcnodon. The following papers were read : — 1. -'On the Palate of the Xeognathte." By W. P. Pycraft, A.L.S. 2. " Eedescriptions of Berkeley's Types of Fungi. — Part II." By George Xassee, F.L.S. May 24th, 1901. Anniversarij Meeting. Prof. S. H. YixES, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. Thomas Fulton Bourdillon and Lawson Sant Wright were admitted FeUows of the Society. The President then announced that since the last Meeting of the Society His Most Gracious Majesty the King, in a letter received from General Sir Dighton Probyn, which was read, had signified his consent to become the Patron of the Society, and would be graciously pleased to inscribe his royal signature in the Society's Charter Book, an announcement which was received with accla- mation. The President further announced that the Society's collection of memorials of distinguished naturalists had been recently enriched by a presentation from Prof. Alfred Xewton, F.P.S., F.L.S., of the gold watch which had belonged to the late William YarreD, a former Yice-President of the Society. The announcement was received with much satisfaction, and on the motion of the President it was resolved that a cordial vote of thanks be conveyed to the donor. The Auditors' Eeport having been, presented by Mr. Henry Groves, the Treasurer thereupon made his Annual Financial State- ment, duly audited as shown on p. i8. Eef erring to the resolution which had been passed at the last Anniversary Meeting on the subject of the large amount outstanding for arrears of sub- scriptions, he stated that the Council proposed the following alteration of the Bye-laws subject to its confirmation at a general meeting of the Society : — Chapter II. — Section IX. to be repealed and instead thereof to substitute the following : — " IX. In the month of Xovember in each year the Council shall cause to be suspended in the Library of the Society a J-JNX, SOC. PKOCEEDIXGS. — SESSION 1900-1901. C i8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ^' 05 1-1 '— O . CO CO Ci lO o 1^ ^ CQ ci CO a-j zr.cfj i:d t~ CO ci ci i-H ^ ci i B a i< ■J; -^ a; » s § H g ■* r-l O '-0 O cc" :o o o o o „ , CI CO o 00 o SfJ — I Oi CI lO Tf CI t-i >- CO 00^ t::. •S^^ .s^ ft^ O CO o 00 00 hH m 3 ^ 0 0 0 0 PM 43 u ^ J 03 3 0 P. 0 13 t> -5 S 0 _ai W (— 1 <- 00 Oi O CI CI Ci ; l> CO lO O 00 • O ^ ^ O CO o TO 5> pq CO B o r2 o o Bergh (Rudolph). Xudibranches et Marsenia. {Princesse- Alice.) See Albert. Berlin. Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Geueralredakteur : Peaxz Eilhard Schulze. 8vo. BerVui, 1900. Liefg. 10. Vermes. Oligocha-ta, voa Wiliielm Micii.velsex. 19(X). ,, 11. Orthoptera. Forficulidai' iind Heiiiimeridie, Ton ArcrsTE DE BoEMANNS und Hekmaxn AuciUST Krauss. (Tiibingen. ) 1900. Pp. XV, 142 ; figs. 47. „ 12. Arachnoidea. Palpigradi iiud Solifugix-, von Karl IvRAEPELIN. 1901. Bernard (Henry Meyners). The Apopidaj. A Morphological JStudy. Pp. xvii, 316 ; plate 1 ; figs. 70. (Xature Series.) 8vo. London, 1892. Bibliotheca Botanica (continued). Band X. Heft 50. Hammerle (J.). Zur Organisation von Acer P.seudo- platamis. 1900. „ ,, 51. Si^ji-Jensen (J.). Beitriige zur botaniseheu und pbarma- cognostiscben Kenntnis von Hi/osci/amus niger, L. Pp. 89 : Tafeln G. (1901.) „ ,, 52. Uexkull-Gyllexdand (M. von). Pbylogenieder Bliiten- formen und der GescblecbterverteiUmg beideu Com- positen. Pp. 80 ; plates 2. 1901. 56 peoceedijS'gs of the Bibliotheca Zoologica (continued). Band XIl. Heft 30'. Liefg. 3. Muller (Gustav Wilhelm) (Greifewald ).. Deutschlands Slisswasser-Oetracoden. ISOO. „ ,, 31. Liefg. 5 & 6. Michaelsen (Wilhelm). Die holoso- men Ascidien des inagalhaensiscla-siidgeorgischen Gebietes. Pp. 148 ; Tafeln 3. 1900. Band XIII. Heft 32. Handkick (Kurt). Zur Kentniss des Nei-Ten- systems iind der Leuelitorgane ron Argyro2:)elem>>- hemigymnus. Pp.68; Tafeln 6. 1901. ,, 33. Heyjions (Eichard). Die Entmcklungsgeschichte- der Scolopender. 1901. Birmingham. "Watson Botanical Exchange Cluh. See York and Eastleigh. Blackman (Vernon Herbert). Lichens, Fnngi of Cbristmas^ Island. See British Museum— Monogr. of Christmas Island. Blanchard (Raphael). Hirundineen. See Hamburger Magal- haensische Sammelreise. Blandford (Walter Fielding Holloway). Catalogue of the Library of the Entomological Society of London. See London Ent. Soc. Boerlage (Jacobus Gijsbert). Handleiding tot de kennis der Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Deel III. Stukl. Dicotyledone& Monocblamydeae. jFam. ciii. Nyctaginacese — Fam, cxxix. Casn- arinacea). Pp. xsxi, 418. 8vo. Leiden, 1900. Author^ Bormanns (Auguste de). See Berlin — Das Tierreich. ForiiculidsD- und Hemimeridee. Boston. Boston Society of Natural History (continued). Occasional Papers. IV. Geology of the Boston Basin. By William A. Crosby. Vol. i. Part 3. The Blue Hills Complex. Svo. Boston, 1900. Boulenger (George Albert). Les Poissons du Bassin du Congo. Pp. Ixii, 532 ; plates 25 & map. Svo. BriweVes, 1901. Bouvier (Eugene L.). Crustaces Decapodes. (Hirondelle et Princesse Alice.) See Albert. Crustaces Decapodes. See ' Travailleur.' Braithwaite (Robert). The British Moss-Plora. Part 20. Svo. London, 1900. Author. British Association for the Advancement of Science. Eeport (Bradford), 1900. Svo. London, 1900. Council Brit. Assoc. British Museum (continued). Birds. A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nomen- clator A^aum turn Possilium turn Yiventium.] Vol. IT. Pp. XV, 312. Svo. London, 1900. LePIDOPTEEOUS IjfSECTS. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Pbalainse in the British Museum. Vol. II. Catalogue of tbe Arctiadre ( Nolinw, Lithosiaure) in the Collection of tbe British Mnseum. By Sir George F. Ha.mpson, Bart. Pp. xs, 589 ; plates 18-35. Svo. London, 1900. LIJs^'EAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 57 British Museum (continued). Plaxt-s. Catalogue of the African Plants collected bv Dr. Priedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. Part 4. Pp. 78.5-1035. Dicotyledons: Leuti- bulariacese to Ceratopliyllete. By AVilliam Philip- HlERN. 8vo. London, 1900. Vol. II. Part 2. Cryptogamia. Pp. 261-565. 8vo. London, 1901. Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage round the World in H.M.S. Endeavom- in 1768-71 by "the Eight Hon. Sir Joseph BA^Uv:s, Bart., and Dr. Daxiel Solaxdee. ;. with Determinations by James Brittex. Part I. Australian Tlants. Plates 1-100. .. II. „ ,, :, 101-243. fol. London, 1900-1901. POSSILS. Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of Geology,. British JMnseum (jVatural History). The Jurassic Plora. Part III. i. The Yorkshire Coast. Pp. xii, 341 ; plates 21. By Albert Chaeles Seward. 8vo. London, 1900. Britten (James). Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage round the AVorld in H.M.S. Endeavour in 1768-71 by the Eight Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., and Dr. Daniel. SoLAXDEE: \\ith Determinations by Jas. Brittex. /SVe British. Museum. Brongniart (Adolphe). Eecherches sur les Graiues Fossiles Silicifiees, precedees d'une Notice sur ses travaux, par Jean Baptiste Dumas. Pp. xiv, 93 ; plates 21 & portrait. fol. Paris, 188 L. Bullen {liev. Robert Ashington). Eolithic Implements. Pp. 35 ; plates 7. (Trans. Vict. Inst. 1900.) Svo. London, 1900. Author. Cambridge (The) Natural History. Edited by S. P. Harmer and A. E. Shipley {continued). Vol. YIII. Amphibia and Reptiles. By Hans Gadow. 1890. Canada. Geological Survey jof Canada. Catalogue of Canadian Birds. Part I. Water Birds, Gal- liuaceous Birds, and Pigeons. Including the following Orders : Pygopodes, Longipennes, Tubinares, Stegano- podes, Anseres, Herodiones, Paludicolse, Lin)icola), Gallinse, and Columba^. By John Macoun. Pp. vii, 218. 8vo. Ottaiva, 1900. Cardiff. Cardiff Naturalists' Society. First Annual Eeport, 1867-68. Second Edition. Svo. London [18681. 58 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Cardiff Naturalists' Society (continued). Report and Transactions. Vols. 2-31. 1868-99. 8vo. Hertford, Cardiff, London, Cardiff, 1868-1900. The Birds of Griamorgan. Compiled hj a Committee of the Cardiff Naturalists'' Society. 4to. Cardiff, 1900. Carruthers CWilliain). Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. Vascular Ciyptogams. See British Museum — Plants. Chapman (Frederick). On the Foraminifera of the Orbitoidal Limestones and Eeef Eocks of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christaias Island. Champion (George Charles). Catalogue of the Library of the Entomological Society of London. See London Ent. Sec. Chesnut (V. K.) and Wilcox (E. V.). The Stock-Poisoning Plants of Montana: a Preliminary Eeport. (U.S. Dep. Agric, Div. Bot. Bull. no. 26.) 8vo. WasJiington, 1901. B. Daydon Jackson. Chevreux (Edouard). Amphipodes. (Hirondelle.) See Albert. Christ (Hermann). Die larnkriiuter der Erde. Beschreibende Darstellung der Greschlechter uud wichtigeren Arten der Earu- pflanzen mit besonderer Beriicksichtiguug der Exotischen. Pp. xii, 388; mit 291 Abbildungen. 8vo. Jeiia, 1897. Die Earnkriiuter der Schweiz. Pp. 189 ; Eigureu 28. (Beitr. Kryptogamen-Flora der Schweiz, Band I. Heft 2.) Svo. Bern, 1900. Clodius (G.). Die Viigel der Grossherzogthiimer Mecklenburg mit kurzeu Beschreibungen. See Wlistnei (C). Coghlan (T. A.). The Wealth and Progress of New South Wales, 1897-98. Eleventh Issue. Pp. 1084. Svo. Sydneij, 1899. Agent-General for New South Wales. The Wealth and Progress of New South Wales, 1898-99. Twelfth Issue. Pp. xv, 1048. Svo. STjdney, 1900. Agent-General for New South Wales. 'Cohn (Ferdinand). Blatter des Erinuerung. Zusammengestellt von seiner Gattin Pauli^n^e Cohn. Mit Beitriigen von Pro- fessor Eelix Eoseis^ Pp. viii, 266 ; plates 3 & portrait. Svo. Breslcm, 1901. Fran Pauline Cohn. Cohn (Pauline). Eeei>ina:s^d Corns'. Blatter der Erinnerung. Zusammengestellt von seiner Gattin Paulin'e Cohn. Mit Beitriigen von Professor Eelix Eosex. Pp. viii, 266 ; plates 3 & portrait. Svo. Breslau, 1901. Author. Comber (Thomas). Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Eriedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. Diatomaceae. See British Museum — Plants. ■Conwentz (Hugo). Eorstbotanische Merkbuch. Nacliweis der beachtenswerthen und zu schlitzeuden urwiichsigen Striiucher, Baume und Bestiinde im Konigreich Preussen. Pp. xii, 94 ; mit 22 Abbildungen. Svo. Berlin, 1900. Author. LIIWEAX SOCIETY Or LOXDO^T. 59 •Cook (0. F.). Shade in Coffee Culture. Pp. 79: plates 10. (U.S. Depart. Agric, Div. Bot. Bull. no. 25.) 8vo. Washington, 1901. B. Daydon Jackson. Cooke (Mordecai Cubitt). One Thousand Objects for the Micro- scope, with a few Hints on Mounting. Pp. x, 179 ; plates 12 ; figs. 38. 8vo. London, 1900. Author. ■Cope (Edward Drinkler). The Crocodilians, Lizards, and 8nakes of North America. Pp. 1115 ; figs. 347 and plates 36. (Ann. Eep. of Boards of Regents Smiths, lust, for year 1898 ; E.ep. LT.«. Mus.) '^ 8vo. Washhuiton, 1900. €oulter (John Merle) and Rose (Joseph Nelson). Monograph of the Nortli American Umbellifer». Pp. vii, 256 ; plates 11 ; figs. 65. (U.S. Dep. Agric, Conti'ib. from U.S. ]N'at. Herb, vol. vii. no. 1.) Svo. Washim/ton, 1900. B. Daydon Jackson. Dall (William Healey). Contributions to the Tertiary Pauna of Florida, with special reference to the Silex Beds of Tampa and the Pliocene Beds of the CaJoosahatchie Eiver, including in many cases a complete Eevision of the Generic Groups treated of and their American Tertiary Species. Part Y. Teleodes- macea : Solen to Diplodonta. (Trans. Wagner Pree Inst. Sei. Phil. vol. iii. pt. v. pp. 947-1218 ; plates 36-47.) Eoy. Svo. Philadelphia, 1900. Devonshire (jthDulce of). Eoyal Commission on Scientific Instruc- tion and the Advancement of Science. See Great Britain and Ireland- — Eoyal Commission, &c. Druce (George Claridge). The Flora of Berkshire : being a Topographical and Historical Account of the Flowering Plants and Ferns found in the County, with short Biographical JVotices of the Botanists who have contributed to Berkshire Botany during the last three centuries. Pp. cxcix, 644, & map. 8vo. O.vford, 1897. Du Bois Larbalestier (C). See Larbalestier (C. Du Bois). Dumas (Jean Baptiste). See Brongniart (Adolphe). liecherches sur les Graiues Fossiles Silicifiees. Durand (Theophile). Plantae Thonneriaua) Congolenses. See Wildeman (Em. de). Durand (Theophile) et Wildeman (Em. de). Contributious a la Flore du Congo. (Ann. Mus. Congo, ser. i. Bot. i.) 4to. Bruxelles, 1898-99. Durrant (John Hartley^ Pterophoi-idfe and Tineina. See Swinhoe (Charles). Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford Uni- versity Museum. Part II. Dwight, jr. (Jonathan). The Sequence of Plumages and Moults of the Passerine Birds of Xew Tork. Pp. 273 : plates 7. (Ann. N.T. Acad. Sci. xiii. pt. 1.) Svo. New Tori; 1900. Edwards (Alphonse Milne). Crustaces Decapodes. (Hirondelle et Princesse Alice.) See Albert. Crustaces Decapodes. See ' Travailleur.' 6o PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE Egerton {Sir PMlip Grey). A Memorial addressed to Her Majesty's Go\'ernment by the Promoters and Cultivators of Science on the Subject of the proposed Severance from the British Museum of its iSTatural History Collections. See Great. Britain and Ireland- — British Museum. Elcho (Lord). Papers relating to the Enlargement of the British Museum. See Great Britain and Ireland — British Museum. Evermann (Barton Warren). The Pishes of North and Middle America. See Jordan (David Starr). Falkenberg (Paul). Die Ehodomelaceen des Golfes von Xeapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Pp. xvi, 754 ; mit 10 Texttiguren und 2-1 Tafeln. (Mouogr. 26, Fauna & Plora Grolfes V. Neapel.) 4to. Berlin, 1901. Fedtschenko (Olga) et Fedtschenko (Boris). Materiaux pour la Plore de la Crimee. (Bull. I'Herb. Boissier, vii. no. 11, 2nd ser. i.) 8vo. Geneve et Bale, 1809-1901. Authors. Finsch (Otto). Ses Berlin — Das Tierreich. Liefg. 15. Aves. Zosteropidae. Pp. xiv, 54. Svo. Berlin, IdOl.. Fischer (Eduard). Untersuchungen zur vergieichenden Entwick- lungsgeschichte und Systematik der Phalloideen, mir. einem Anbang : Yerwandtschaftsverhiiltnisse der Gastromyceten. (Xeue Denkschr. allgem. sclnveiz. Ges. gesammten ]N'aturwiss. xxxii., xxxiii., xxxvi.) 4to. Ziirich, 1890-1900. Entwicklungsgeschichte Untersuchungen liber Rostpilze. Eiue Yorarbeit zur Monographischen Darstellung der Schweizer- ischen Uredineen. Pp. x, 120 ; Tafeln 2. (Beitr. Krypto- gamen-Plora du Schvveiz, Band i. Heft 1.) Svo. Bern, 1898. Fixsen (Carolus). De linguoe Raniuse textura disquisitiones microscopicfe. Dissertatio Inauguralis. Pp. 40 & tab. i. Svo. Borj^iati Livonorum, 1857. Foord (Arthur Humphrys). See Mojsisovics, Edler von Mojsvar (Edmund). Foster (Sir Michael). Eeport to the Lords Commissioners of His 3Iajesty's Treasury of the Departmental Committee on Botanical Work and Collections at the British Museum and at Kew. See Great Britain and Ireland — Committee on Botanical Work. Fric [Fritsch] (Antonin) und Bayer (Edwin). Studien im Gebiete der Bohmischen Kreideformatiou. Palseontologische Unter- suchungen der einzelnen Schichteu. Perucer Schichteu. Pp.180. (Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchforschung v. Bohmeu, xi. no. 2.) Svo. Prarj, 1901. Gadow (Hans). Amphibia and Eeptiles. See Cambridge Nat. Hist. vol. viii. Garden (The). Vols. 57, 58. 4to. London, 1900. Gardeners' Chronicle. 3rd ser., A'ols. 17, IS. fol. London, 1900. Editor.. Gepp (Antony). Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Priedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61. Mosses. See British Museum — Plants . LINXEAN SOCIEXr OF LONUOX. 6 1 Gepp (Antony). Ferns, Mosses, of Christmas Islaud. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Gidon (Ferdinand). Essai sur I'organisation ge'ncrale efc le dcveloppenient de Fappareil couducteur daus la tige et dans la feuille cles Nyctagiuees. Pp. 120 ; plates 6. (Mem. Soc. Linn. Normand. xx.) 4to. Caen, 1900. (xottschall (Michael). Auatomische IJjitersuehang des Blattes der Melastomaceen aus dam Tribus Miconiese. luaugural-Dis- sei'tation. Pp. 175; Tafeln 3. (Mem. FHerb. Boissier, No. 19.) 8vo. Geneve et Bale, 1900. Great Britain and Ireland. British Museum. Report from the Select Committee on the Condition, Manage- ment, and Affairs of the British Museum ; together with Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index. (House of Commons, 6 August, 1835, No. 479.) Pp. 623. fol. London, 1835. A Copy " of a Memorial to the Eirst Lord of the Treasury, presented on the 1 0th day of March, by Members of the British Association for the xldvancement of Science, and of other Scientific Societies, respecting the Management of the British Museum, with the Names affixed." (House of Commons, 13 April, 1847, No. 268.) Pp. 3. fol. Loudon, 1847. A Copy of a Commission for inquiring into the Constitution and Government of the British Museum. (House of Commons, 8 July, 1847, No. 674.) P. 1. fol. London, 1847. Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Constitution and (xovernment of the Bx'itish Museum : \\ith Minutes of Evidence. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. (1850, No. 674.) Pp. 823. ■ fol. London, 1850. The same : Index to Report and Minutes of Evidence. Pi-e- sented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. (1850, No. 1170.) Pp. 172." fol. ZowZoh, 1850. Copies " of all Communications addressed to the Treasury by the Trustees of the British Museum, with reference to the Report of the Commissioners appointed to Inquire into the Constitution and Management of the British Museum."' (House of Commons, 7 June, 1850, No. 425.) Pp. 11. fol. London, 1850. 'Copies '• of all Communications made by the Officers and Architect of the British Museum to the Trustees, respectino- the want of Space for exhibiting the Collections in that Institution, as well as respecting the Enlargement of its Buildings : " "And, of all Minutes of the Trustees, and of all Com- •munications between the Trustees and tlie Treasury upon 62 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE y» Great Britain and Ireland (continued). the same Subject (the whole subsequent to, and in con- tinuation of, Parhamentaiy Paper, No. 42, of Sessioa 1852-53)." (House of Commons, 1 Julr, 1858, No. 379.) (Lord Elcho.) Pp. 65. iol. London, 1858. A " Copy of a Memorial addressed to Her Majesty's Grovern- ment by the Promoters and Cultivators of Science on the Subject of the proposed Severance from the British Museum of its Natural Historj^ Collection, together with the Signatures attached thereto." (House of Commons, 23 July, 1 858, No. 456.) (Sir Philip Grey Egerton.) Pp. 5. fol. London, 1858. A Copy " of all Communications made by the Officers and Architect of the British Museum to the Trustees, respecting the want of space for exhibiting the Collections in that Institution, as well as respecting the Enlargement of its Buildings : " " And, of all Minutes of the Trustees, and of all Com- munications between the Trustees and the Treasury upon the same Subject (the whole subsequent to, and in con- tinuation of. Parliamentary Paper, No. 379)." (House of Commons, U March, 1859, No. 126.) (Sir StafPordl Northcote.) Pp. 25. fol. London, 1859. Report from the Select Committee on the British Museiun ; together with the Proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendix. (House of Commons, 10 August, 1860, No. 540.) Pp. xliv, 256. fol. London, 1860. Index to the Eeport from the Select Committee on the British Museum. (House of Commons, 10 Aug. 1860, No. 540-1.) Pp. 33. fol. London, 1860. Committee on Botanical Work. Eeport to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury of the Departmental Committee on Botanical Work and Collections at the British Museum and at Kew, dated 11th March, 1900. fol. London, 1901. Minutes of Evidence taken before the Departmental Com- mittee on Botanical Work and Collections at the British Museum and at Kew with Appendices and Index, to accompany the Eeport presented to the Lords Commissioners- of His Majesty's Treasury dated 11th March, 1901. fol. London, 1901. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Copy of the Eeport made to the Committee appointed by the Lords of the Treasury in January 1838 to inquire into the- Management, &c. of the Eoyal Gardens, by Dr. Lindley, Professor of Botany, who, at the request of the Committee,, made an actual Survey of the Botanical Garden at Kew,. in conjunction with Messrs. Paxton and Wilson, two practical Gardeners, in the month of Pebruary 1838. (House of Commons, 11 May, 1840, No. 292.) Pp. 6. fol. London, 1840. LIXXEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 65 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew {continued). Copies " of Papers relating to Changes introduced into the Administration of the Office of Works affecting the Direction and Management of the Gardens at Kew : " " And, of Correspondence between the Treasury and Dr. Hooker on the same Subject." (House of Commons, 24 Juue, 1872, Xo. 335.) Pp. 177. fol. London, 1872. Copy " of Dr. Hooker's Eeply to Pi-ofessor Owen's State- ment. Appendix, no. 3, in the Kew Gardens Keturn." (House of Commons, 8 August, 1872, No. 427.) Pp. 4. fol. London, 1872. Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advance- ment of Science ('' Devonshire Commission"). Vol. I. First, Supplementary, and Second Eeports with Minutes of Evidence and Appendices. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. (1872. C. 536.) fol. London, 1872. Third Eeport, 1873. C. 863. fol. London, 1873. Fourth Report, 1874. C. 884. fol. London, 1874. Fifth Keport, 1874. C. 1087. fol. 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The Mechanism of the Protrusion of the Tongue of the Auura. Preliminary Note. Pp. 2. (Ann. Mag. Nat; Hist. ser. 7, vol. vii. p. 501.) 8vo. London, 1901. Author. Harvey (William Henry) and Sonder (Otto Wilhelm). Plora Capensis : being a Systematic Description of the Plants of the Cape Colony, CafFraria, and Port Natal. Vols. 1-3. 8vo. Duhlin, 1859-65. [^Continued as] Plora Capensis : being a Systematic Description of the Plants ■of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, and Natal (and Neighbouring Territories). By various Botanists. Edited by Sir W. T. Thiselton'-Dyee. Vol. V. Part 1. 8vo. London, 1901. Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer. Heinroth (Oskar). Untersuchungen liber den Pischharn. In- augural-Dissertation. Pp. 16. 8vo. Kiel, 1895. Henslow {Rev. George). Poisonous Plants in Pield and Garden. Pp. 189; figs. 40. Svo. London, 1901. Author. The Story of Wild Flowers. Pp. 249 ; figs. 56. 12m 0. London, 1901. Author. Hesse (Oswald). 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Vol. II. part 2 ; Vol. III. parts 1-2. 4to. DurJicm, 1900-1901. Author. Wlistnei (C.) und Clodius (G.). Die Vugel der Grossherzog- thiimer Mecklenburg mit kurzen Beschreibungen. Pp. 363. (Arch. Ver.Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenburg, Jahr 54, Abth. i.) 8vo. Giisiroiu, 1900. York, Eastleigh, and Birmingham. Watson Botanical Exchange Club. Eeports 16-17. 8vo. Birmhujliam, 1900-1901. H. S. Thompson. Zittel (Karl Alfred von). Eiickblick auf die Grriiudung und die Entwickluug der K.-bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften im 19 Jahrhuudert. Rede in der offentlichen Festsitzung der Akademie am 15 November, 1899, Pp. 27. 4to. Milncliea, 1899. Zoological Record. Vol. 36 (1899). 8vo. London, 1900. Zschokke (Fritz). Die Tierwelt der Hochgebirgsseen. Pp. vii, 400 ; mit !S Tafeln und 4 Karten. (Neue Denkschr. allgem. t^chweiz. Gesellsch. Naturwiss. xxxvii.) 4to. Zurich, 1900. Zllrich. Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Neujahrsblatt. Stiick. 103. SciiROTER, Carl. Die Palmcii und ihr>? Bedeutung far die Trjpeii- bcwolmer. (190J.) >j6 J?feOCteEl)lNGS 01' TttE LINKeAN SOCIETY OF LONDOJ*. DONATION IN AID OF BINDING. £ s. d. Hon. Walter Rothschild. Contribution towards Cost of Binding Swainson's Correspondence 4 7 6 DONATION IN AID OF PUBLICATIONS. £ s. d. Prof. E. Hay Lankester. Contribution towards Cost of illustrating his paper : " On the Affinities of ^lui'ojms melanoleitcus, A. M.-Edwards " 30 5 0 INDEX TO THE PROCEEDINGS. SESSION 1900-1901. Note. — The following are not indexed : — The name of the Chairman at each meeting ; speakers whose remarks are not reported ; and passing allusions. Acheroutia Afropos, sound caused by, 6. 1 Acrcea, photographs shown, 6. Additions to the Library, 54-75. Address, loyal and dutiful, to His Majesty the King, 8-9 ; the King's thanks, 14. President's, 21,36. jEhiropus (Lankester & Lydekker), 12. JUschna, life-history, 12. Africa, Parklands in ( Moore), 2. Agardh, J. G., death reported, 19; obituar}-, 37-39. Age of Virginian Oysters, 11, Alderney, Stat ice lyishnidifoUa from, 3. Algse, freshwater, of Ceylon (West), 53. Alteration in Bye-Laws confirmed, 52. Ammocharida; (Watson), 6. Ammonite at Swanage, 10. Anatomy of Cyeadaceai (Worsdell), 3. Anderson, Dr. J., death reported, 19; obituary, 38-40. Andes, plants from (Hemsley & Pear- sou), 14. Andrews, C. R. P., Staiice lychnidifolia found by, 3. Annual Statement by Treasurer, 17-18. Anodonta cygnea, large shells of, 4, 5. Antlers, female roedeer with, 13. Armeria, species in Hill's ' Flora Britannica.' 5. Aroids, models sho\vn, 12. Arrears, proposed new Bye-law con- cerning, 17-18. Asplenioid sori, 8. Asplenium Hemionitis shown, 8. maximum shown, 8. palmatxim sliown, 8. Associates, deceased, 19. Auditors, elected, 16 ; Eeport pre- sented, 17, Balcsna, fossil, 12. Banana-bird, nest of, 3. Banks, Sir J„ Fitchia found bj-, 2. Bennett, A. W., on fern hybrids, 8. Berkeley, Rev. M. J., his types re- described (Massee), 17. Bernard, H. M., provisional nomen- clature, lo-ii ; adjourned discus- sion, 51. Birds' -nest from Trinidad shown, 2, 3. Birds, intestinal tract of (Mitchell), 14. Bones from the Crag shown, 12. Bookcase pi-esent^d, 9. Borland, J., death reported, 19 ; obit- uary, 40. Bourdillon, T. F., admitted, 17. Bowker, J. H., death reported, 19 ; obituary, 40-41. Braithwaite, R-, Scrutineer, 20 ; on Tote of thanks to President, 36, Brechin, hybrid grouse from, i. Bressa prize, announced, 6. Brefschncidera, from Yunnan, 16. British plants shown, 14. Rhizopods and Heliozoa (West), ^^- Thrifts, revision (Druce), 5. Brockholes, W. F., large shells of Swan .Mussel, 4. Brown, N. E., revision of Hyperico phyUum, 53. Brown, W. L , death reported, 19 ; obituary, 42. Bruce, C. W. A., admitted, 5 ; elected Fellow, 3. ; Burkill, I. H., & C. S. Crosby, Flora of I Vavau, 6. Burr, M.. elected Fellow, 3. j Buysman, M., plants shown for, 14. I Bye-Laws, alteration confirmed, 52, 78 INDEX. Capreolus caprea, female with antlers, Cariacus mrginianus, female with ant- lers, 13. Carine noctim shown, i. Carrierea, Franch., mentioned, 16. Carruthers, W., elected Councillor, 20 ; nominated V.-P., 51. CastUJoa shown, 14. Caviidae, tooth-genesis in (Tims), 8. C'crvus elaphus, female with antlers, Ceterach officinannn, intermediate form, 7,8. Ceylon, freshwater Algos from (West), Cha])man, F., Foraminifera from Fnna- futi, 5. Cheeseman, T. F., Fitchia nutans, new species, 2. Chestnnt, abnormal cluster shown, 2. Chilton, C., Terrestrial Isopoda of New Zealand, 2. China, two new genera of plants, 16. Christy, T., on vote of thanks to Treasurer and Auditors, 19. Clarke. C. B., Medal received by, on behalf of Sir G.King, 37; remoTcd from Council, 20. Clarke, W. A., witlidrawn, 19. Claughton, Lancashire, large swan- mussel shells from, 4, 5. Collett, Sir H., vote of thanks to the President, 36. Comparative anatomy of Cycndaccaj (Worsdell), 3. Cooke, J. H., withdrawn, 19. Cooke. M. C, fungi shown, i. Cooniara-Swamy, A. K , udmilted, 5 ; elected Fellow, 3. Copepod from Japan (Embleton), 3. Coprophilous fungi (Massee & Sal- mon), 53. Corals, need of provisional naming (Bernard), lo-ii. Corallum in Ttirbinaria (Pace), 15. Cornwall, J. W., compound flower of Foxglove, 5. Correspondence of Linnaeus, 9 ; of Swainson, 9. Council, elected, 20. Councillors elected and removed, 20. Crag, fossils from, 12. Crepiu, F., elected Foreign Member, 16. Crisp, F., elected Treasurer, 20 ; nomi- nated V.-P., 51. Crowley, P., death reported, 19; obit- uary, 42. Crosby, 0. S., see Burkil!, I. H., & C. S. C. 6. Cultivation of Pearl Oyster (Jameson) Cycadacere, comparative anatomy ol (Worsdell), 3. Basypeltis scabra, egg-shells cast by, 5. Dawson, C, flint with enclosed toad, 14-15. Deasy, Capt. H. P., Zostera marina found by, 4. Death's-head moth shown, 6. Deaths reported, 19. Donations, 54-76. Doubledaj^ H., orange within an orange, 12. Dragonfly, life-history, 12. Druce, G.C., Revision of British Thrifts, 5- Druce, IL, bookcase presented by, 9 ; elected Auditor, 15 ; elected Coun- cillor, 20. Druery, C. T., presumed bigeneric fern -hybrid, 7-8. Dugd; le, J. H., withdrawn, 19. Dunmow, Little Owl from, i. Durham, Miss, an egg-eating snake, 5. Durleston Bay oyster-beds, 10. Egg of Scyllium catidus, 17. Egg-shell of Sjjhcnodon, 17. Egg-sliells cast by snake, 5. Egypt, mummy bawk from, 15; Truikha hypnoidcs from (Lister), 12. Election of Officers and Council, 20. Elections reported, 20. Elizabeth Island, Fitchia from, 2. Elwes, H. J., on female roedeer with antlers, 13. Embleton, Miss A. L., on Goidclia, 3. Emmet, J., death reported, 19; obit- uary, 43. Enock. F., on Msclma, 12. Entozi ic copepod (Embleton), 3. Falcon, supposed to be a Gyrfalcon, IS- Farmer, J. B., comm. by (Moore), 2 ; removed from Council, 20. Fellow, removed, 19. Fellows, deceased, 19 ; resigned, 19. Ferns of intermediate character, 7, 8. Fieldirg, J. B., admitted, 12 ; elected Fellow, 12. Firth, J. D., elected Fellow, 12. Fitchia nutans, new species shown, 2. Flint with enclosed toad, 14, 15. Flowers, models shown, 12. Foraminifera from Funafuti (Chap- man), 5. Foreign Members deceased, 19 ; elected, 16. 79 Fossil bones shown from the Crag, 12. Foxglove, compound flower, shown, 5. Fraser, J., on genera of ferns, 8. Freshwater Algae of Ceylon (West), 5 ^ ; — Rhizopods and Heliozoa (West), M. Friday Island passage, Coral from, 16. Funafuti, For.uiauifera from (Chap- man), 5. Fungi, Berkeley's types (Massee), 17 ; coprophilous (Massee & Salmon), 53 ; models shown, 12: — various, shown, 1, Garsfang, swan-mussel shells from, 4-5- Gerard, Rev. J., admitted, 2 ; large shells of swan-mussel, 4, 5. Godalming, abnormal foxglove from, 5. Godiuan, F. D., nominated V.-P., 51; on female roedeer with antlers, 1 3 ; on liybrid grouse, 1 ; vote of thanks to Treasurer and Auditors, 19. GoideUa echiura from Japan (Em- bleton), 3. Gould, F., death reported, 19 ; obit- uary, 43-44- Green, C. T., elected Fellow, 12. Green, J. Reynolds, elected Coun- cillor, 20. Greene, G. E. J., withdrawn, 19. Greene, J. Reay, withdrawn, 19. Grouse, hybrid, shown, i. Groves, 11., amendment re provisional nomenclature, 52 ; elected Auditor, 1 5 ; presentation of Auditor's Re- port, 17. Groves, J., Staticc lychnidifolia shown, 3- Gruvel, A., Lepadides, 12. Giintlier, Dr. A., removed from Council, 20. Gyrfalcon, supposed, 15. Gyrfalcons shown, 15. Halliday, G., elected Fellow, 51, Halophila ovata mentioned, 4. litipulacea from Tuticorin, 4. Harrison, C. W., death reported, 19. Hart, J. H., birds'-nest from Trinidad shown, 2, 3. Harting, J. E., birds'-nest from Trinidad, 3 ; exhibition of falcon from Essex, 15; of hybrid grouse, i ; of ibis, glossy, i ; of mummified hawk, 15 ; of little owl, i ; of female roedeer with antlers, 13 ; of shells of swan-mussel, 5. Hatfield Broad Oak, supposed gyr- falcon from, 15. Hawk, mummy, 15. Heliozoa, British (West), 14. Hemsley, W. B., elected Councillor, 20 ; exhibitions by : bird's-nest from Trinidad, 2-3 ; cluster of chestnuts, 2 ; Fitchia, new species, 2 ; Saplmn, Hevca, and Castilloa shown, 14. -, two new genera of Chinese plants, 16. Hemsley, W. B., & H. H. W.^Pearson, high-level plants from Tibet* 15. plants from the High Andes, 14. Henry, Dr. A., new plant-genera from China, 16. Hevca, rubber-yielding species, 14. brasiliensis, mentioned, 14, guianensis, mentioned, 14. fauci flora, mentioned, 14. High-level plants from Tibet (Hemsley & Pearson), 15. Hill, Dr. J., ' Flora Britannica,' two editions shown, 5. Histology of plants shown by photo- graphs, 12. Hoare, W., admitted, 3 ; elected Fellow, 2. Hodgson, W., death reported, 19; obituary, 44. Holland, J. H., admitted, 5 1 ; elected Fellow, 16. Holmes, E. M., fungi shown, i. Hooker, Sir J. D., Fitchia described by, 2. Horsham, shells of swan mussel from, 5- Howard, A., elected Fellow, 51. Howes, G. B., Address to the King, 9 ; comm. by (Embleton), 3 ; (Gruvel), 1 2 ; (Pace) 1 5 ; egg-shells east by snake, shown, 5 ; elected Secretary, 20. Hume, A. O., elected^Fellow, 15. Hybrid grouse shown, i. Hi/pericophi/Uum, revision of (Brown), 53- Hypoliinnas, mimicry, 6. Ibis, Glossy, shown, 1. Icterus leucopteryx, bird's nest formed by, 3- Idesia, Maxim., mentioned, 16. Inman, T. F., withdrawn, 19. Intestinal Tract of Birds (Mitchell), 14. Isopoda, terrestrial, of New Zealand (Chilton), 2. Itoa, from Yunnan, 16. Jackson, B. D., abnormal flowers of foxglove shown, 5 ; Address to the So INDEX. King, 9 ; elected Secretary, 20 ; Hill's ' Flora Britannica,' two editions shown, 5. Jameson, H. L., cultivation of the Pearl Oyster, 8. Japan, Goidclia from (Embleton), 3. Jenman, G. S., rubber-plants collected by, 14. Johnson, J., death reported, 19. Johnson, W. H., admitted, 51 ; elected Fellow, 16. Johnstone, E,., withdrawn, 19. Jubilee at Vienna, announced, 6. Kappel, A. W., fungi shown, i. Katheriner, views mentioned, 5. Kelsall, Rev. J. E., chestnuts from, 2, Kew, fern-speciuiens from, 8. Kiddell, C. G., elected Fellow, 52. Kimmeridge Clay, Ammonite in, 10. King, His Majesty the. Address to, 8-9 ; Thanks for Address, 14; letter from Sir D. Probyn announcing his Pat- ronage, 17. King, Sir G., Liunean Medal, 36. Kjellmann, F. E., elected Foreign Mem- ber, 16. Kwen Lun, Zostera from, 4. Labrador falcon, supposed, 15. Lankester, E. E., & E. Lydekker, Mlu- ropns, 12. Le Doux, 0. A., elected Fellow, 3. Leech, J. H., death reported, 19 ; obit- uary, 44-45- Lepadides (Gruvel), 12. Leptomin, exhibition by President, 10. Lewes, flint witli enclosed toad, 16. Lewis, F. J., elected Fellow, 3. Lewis, J., on flint nodule from Lewes, 16. Library, additions, 54-75- Linnajus, his correspondence bound, 9. Linnean Medal awarded, 36. Limnas, photographs shown, 6. Lister, A., comm. (Lister), 12. Lister, Miss G., Tristkha hyjpnoides in Egypt, 12. Lithophyllia i'rom Torres Strait, 16. Lodge, G. E., gyrfalcons shown, 1 5. Lowe, E. J., presumed fern-hybrid, 7. Liitken, C. F., death reported, 19 ; obituary, 45-46. Lydekker, E., isee Lankester, E. E., & E. Lydekker. Lyne, E. N., admitted, i. MacMahon, A. H., elected Fellow, 52. Malacostraca of the Mediterranean, 12. Massee, G., Berkeley's fungi, 17; fungi shown, I, Massee, G., & E. S. Salmon, Copro- philous fungi, 53. Medal, Linnean, awarded, 36. Mediterranean Malacostraca, 12. Michael, A. D., removed from Council, 20. Middleton, E. M., Virginian Oysters, II. Milne-Eedhead, E., death reported, 19 obituary, 47-48. Mimicry in butterflies, 6. Mitchell, P. C, Intestinal tract of Birds, 14. Mivart, Dr. St. G. J., portrait pre- sented, 13. Mivart, Mrs., portrait of the late Dr. St. G. J. Mivart presented by, 13. Models of plants, 12. Monckton, H. W., geological views shown, 19; on resolutions arising out of a paper, 52. Moore, J. E. S., Park lands in Central Africa, 2. Morgan, E., death reported, 19 ; obitu- ary, 46-47. Moseley, H. N., on sound made by Acheroiitia, 6. Moseleya latistella, Queleh, 16. Miillerian mimicry, 6 Mummified hawk, 15. Murie, J., orange within an orange, 12. Muri'ay, G. E. M., Scrutineer, 20. Mussel- shells, large, 4, 5. Mytilus cygneus, mentioned, 4. siagnalis, mentioned, 4. Neognathffi, palate of (Pycraft), 1 7. Nepenthes, models shown, 2. Nest from Trinidad shown, 2, 3. Neudau, female roedeer with antlers, from, 13. New Zealand, Terrestriallsopoda (Chil- ton), 2. Newton, Prof. A., gift of Yarrell's watch, 17. Newton, E. T., on flint nodule from Lewes, 16. Nomenclature, provisional (Bernard) lo-ii, 51. Norman, Eev. A. M., elected Coun- cillor, 20. Norwegian gyrfalcon, supposed, 15, Obituary notices, 37-51. Officers elected, 20. Orange, abnormal, 12. Owl, Little, shown, i. Oyster-bed, at Tilly Whim, 10; Dur- leston Bay, 10. Oysters, Pearl, 7 ; cultivation (Jame* son), 8; Virginian, u. Pace, S., Corallum in Turhinaria, i6 ; on Pearl - oysters, 7 ; rugose coral shown, 16. Packard, A. S., elected Foreign Member, 16. Palate of NeognathsE (Pycraft), 17. Park lands in Central Africa (Moore), 2. Patron, His Majesty the King, 17. Pearl-oysters, 7 ; cultivation (Jameson), 8. Pearson, H. H. W., admitted, 12; elected Fellow, 15. Pearson, H. H. W., see Hemsley, W. B. , & H. H. W. Pearson. Peregrine falcon, supposed, 15. Perredes, P. E. F., admitted, 16; elec- ted, 15. Perrin, G. S., deatli reported, 19'; obituary, 47. Pcfrobium, genus alluded to, 2. Plant-histology in photographs, 12. Plant-models, shown, 12. Plants from the High Andes (Hemsley & Pearson), 14. Poliothyrsus, Oliver, mentioned, 16. Porites, provisional naming (Bernard), II. Portland Oyster-bed, 10. Poulton, E. B., Death's-head moth shown, 6, 7 ; mimetic butterflies, 6. Pi'esident, Annual Address, 21-36; elected, 20 ; exhibition of Leptomin, 20. Proboscis of Death's-head moth, sound irom, 6. Probyn, Sir D., letter, 17. Provisional nomenclature (Bernard), 10-11, 51. Pui'beck Oyster-bed, 10. Pycraft, W. P., Palate of Xeognatha?, 17- Ejiciborski's views on Leptomin, 10. Raratonga, Fitchia nutans from, 2. Rattray, J., death reported, 19. Read, C, chestnuts from, 2. Rendle, A. B., Halophila from Tuti- corin, 4 ; removed from Council, 20 ; Zostera from Kwen Lun, 4. Report, Auditors', presented, 17 ; Libra- rian's, 19-20; Secretaries', 19; Trea- sui-er's, adopted, 19. Rhizopods, British (West), 14. Robinson, T. R., elected Fellow, 3. Roedeer, female, with antlers, 13. Rothschild, Hon. W., Swainson corre- spondence, 9, 76. Rugose coral shown, i 6. LINN. SOC. rEOCEEDIKGS. — SESSION Salmon, E. S., sec Massee, G., & E. S. Salmon. Saltash, Glossy Ibis from, i. Sapium, specimens shown, 14, Sarracenia, models of, shown, 12. Saunders, H., on Little Owl, i ; on supposed Peregrine falcon, 15. Sclater, P. L., on provisional nomen- clature, 52. Scolopendrioid sori, 8. Scolopcndrium nigriceps shown, 8. vulgare, intermediate form, 7, 8. Scott, D. H., nominated V.-P., 51. Scrutineers appointed, 20. Scyllmm catulus, egg and oviducal gland, 17. Secretaries elected, 20 ; report of deaths, elections, and withdrawals, 19. Seeds of TiUandsia, birds'-nests made of, 2, 3. Seward, A. C, admitted, 52 ; elected Fellow, 51. Shells of swan-mussel, 4, 5. Shenstone, J. C, admitted, i. Sladen, W. P., death reported, 19 obituary, 48-50. Smedley, H. E. H., fungi shown, i ; models of plants, 12 ; photomicro- graphs shown, II, 12; fossil bones shown, 11, 12. Smith, Miss A. H., fungi shown, i. Soames, H. A., elected Fellow, 3. Solander, D. C, Fitchia found by, 2. Sori of ferns, 8. Sound produced by Death's-head moth, 6. S'jihenodon, egg of, 17. St at ice, species in Hill's ' Flora Britan- nica,' 5. ■ lychnidifulia, shown, 3. occidentalis, mentioned, 3. Stebbing, Rev. T. R. R., elected Auditor, 15- Stewart, C, on Scyllium catidus and Sphenodon, 17. Storrie, J., death reported, 19 ; obitu- ary. 50-51. Swainson correspondence bound, 9, 76. Swan, A. P., withdrawn, 19. Swan-mussel shells, large, 4, 5. Swanage, Ammonite at, 10. Sway, cluster of chestnuts from, 2. Swinhoe, C, on the word " mummy,"^ IS- Tahiti, Fitchia in, 2. Thanks voted to Auditors, 19; to. President, 36. Thompson, H. S., elected Fellow 52. Thrifts, British (Druce), 5. 1900-1901. g INDEX. Thurston, E., Halophila sent by, 4. Tibet, high-level plants from (Hemsley & Pearson), 15. Tillandsia, birds'-nest of seeds of a species, 2, 3. Tilly Whim, Portland Oyster-beds, 10. Tims, H. W. M., Tooth-genesis in Caviidte, 8. Toad in a flint-nodule, 14, 15. Tonga Islands, flora of Vavau (Burkill & Crosby), 6. Tooth-genesis in Caviidte (Tims), 8. Torres Strait, rugose coral from, 16. Treasurer elected, 20 ; his annual state- ment, 17. Trimen, R., Scrutineer, 20. Trinidad, birds'-nest from, 2, 3. Tristicha hypnoides in Egypt (Lister), 12. Tubnai Island, Fifchia from, 2. Turhinaria, corallum in (Pace), 15. Turin, Bressa Prize announced, 6. Tuticorin, Hcdophila from, 4. Types of Berkeley's fungi (Massee), 17- Urban, I., elected Foreign Member, 16. Vaughan, Prof. I., death reported, 19 ; obituary, 51. Vavau, Flora of (Burkill & Crosby), 6. Vice-Presidents nominated, 51. Vienna, Imperial and Royal Zooiogica and Botanical Society, Jubilee, 6. Vines, Prof. S. H., Address to the Kingj 9; Annual Address, 21-36; electea President, 20. Walker, A. O., elected Auditor, x 5 ; fungi shown, i ; Malacosstracan fauna of Mediterranean, 12. Watson, A. T., admitted 5 ; on Ammo- charidffi, 6. West. G. S., British Freshwater Rhizo- pods and Heliozoa, 14; elected Fellow 14. West, W., & G. S. West Freshwater 1 Algaj of Ceylon, 53, Wheldon, J. A., admitted, 51 ; elected Fellow, 6. Williams, J. W., admitted i . Withdrawals reported, 19. Worsdell, W. C, Comparative anatomy ■ of Cycadacece, 3. Wright, C. H., specimens of ferns • shown, 8. Wright, L. S., admitted, 17. Yarrell, W., his gold watch presented ! by Prof. A. Newton, 17. Yepal Ungar, Zostera. from, 4. Yunnan, two new plant-genera from,i 16. Zostera marina from Yepal Ungar, 4. naiui, mentioned, 5. (PBINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. Is s L.P. 2- PROCEEDI^^eS / 901/1. OF THE \ LINXEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. (OXE HUNDRED AXD FOURTEEXTH SESSIOX, 1901-1902.) Xovember 7th, 1901. Prof. S. H. A'lXES, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The ^Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Dr. Eobert Francis Scharff was elected, and Messrs, Coni-ad Theodore Green and Theodore Eichard Eobinson were admitted Fellows of the Society. Mr. AV. BoTTiXG Hemsley, F.E.S., F.L.S., on behalf of the Director of the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, exhibited the following spe- cimens : — (1) A AVest -Australian Umbelhferous shrub, Siehera ile-ftexa, which produces tubers, called Yvle by the aborigines, who eat them both raw and coolvcd. Many shrubs in dry countries form large tuberous stocks from which annual stems spring ; but the tubers of Siehera dejUxa grow in strings showing no trace of eyes or buds, but scars where stems may have been detached. Whether independent plants spring from the separate tubers is a question which remains to be determined. — (2) Germinating seeds of Arcmcaria BidivilUi, received from Grahamstown. The peculiarity in the germination is that there are two distinct stages ; in the first stage the radicle emerges from the shell of the seed, eventually brmging out the petioles of the cotyledons and the axis of the plautlet. The radicle grows into a carrot-shaped woody bodv, from which the petioles of the cotyledons disarticulate, leaving a few minute rudimentary leaves forming the point of the plumule. After some weeks the second stage begins with the elongation of the plumule, which eventually becomes the trunk of the tree. It appears that the second stage may be delayed a LIXX. SOC. PROCEEDryGS. — SESSION' 1901-1902. h M 2 PKOCEEDIXGS OF THE considerable time without loss of vitality. The germination of the seeds of Araiicaria BichvilUi had been previously observed, and the process has been described and illustrated in Kegel's ' Gartenflora,' 1865, p. 103 ; but the two stages of growth escaped notice. Another peculiarity is there pointed out : each seed contained two or more embryos, which germinated and grew so that 164 plants were raised from seventy-five seeds. Arancaria BidwiUil is the Bunya-himya of Queensland, and the seeds were formerly an important article of food of the Australian aborigines. — (3) A drawing of Archidendron solomonensis, a new pluricarpellary Leguminous tree, native of the Solomon Islands, where it was discovered by Archdeacon Comins. In this instance there were three ripe pods developed from one flower ; and it was explained that in the flowering stage there were usually eight carpels, but they probably rarely, if ever, all reach maturity. The genus Arcliidendron was founded on an xlustralian species, and since then several other species have been discovered in Xew Guinea, and the adjacent islands. — (4) A selection of South- African species of Helichrysum showing the great diversity in habit, foliage, and flowers displayed by this very large genus of Compositte. In extra-tropical South Africa alone there are probably not less than 200 species, and some idea of the variety they present may be gathered from such names as jyaronycMoides, popidi folium, and ericoides. H. ca'sjntitium is like a moss in foliage and habit, forming large cushions which, when covered with saiall white flovrers, resemble some of the alpine species of Arenaria. Dr. A. B. Rendle, F.L.S., showed germinating seeds of Crinum longifolium, received from Mr. E. A. Bowles, as an example of the so-called bulbiform seeds which characterize this and some other allied genera of Amaryllidcce. In the genus Calosiemma, Baillou has shown that a bulbil-like structure is developed from a normal ovule by replacement of the embryo-sac by an adventitious shoot, the ovule-integuments becoming at the same time fleshy, to form the outer bulb-scales. But in the majority of cases a true seed is produced, enclosing a normal embryo embedded in endosperm. In Bymenocallis the outer ovule-integument becomes large and fleshy, and forms the bulk of the tuber-like seeds ; w^hereas iu Crinum the ovule is naked from the first, and the tuber-like structure consists of a mass of succulent endosperm svirrounding the embryo. There is no true seed-coat, but the outermost layer of the endosperm has become corky, while in several layers below this protective covering chlorophyll has been developed in the ceils. As Goebel showed for Crinum asiaticum, the endosperm is thus enabled to grow as an independent organism. The course of germination is that characteristic of many Monocotyledons. The lower portion of the cotyledon folloW'S the radicle out of the seed and in its downward growth, carrying the plumule protected in its sheathing base. The tip of the cotyledon remains in the seed, where it enlarges to form a sucker for absorbing the food stored LINXEAjy SOCIETI OF LOXDON. 3 in the endosperm. The first leaf of the pkiraule breaks through the cotvledou-sheath, the base of which subsequently becomes fleshy, to form the outermost scale of the young bulb. A discussion followed on these exhibitions, in Avhich Messrs. AV. Carruthers, A. W. Bennett, and B. Daydon Jackson took part. The President called attention to a specimen of Luzala nivea from a culti\ated plant of unusual dimensions. Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.E.S., F.L.S., communicated some Xotes on the types of species of Carex in Boott's Herbarium, on which observations were made by Mr. Carruthers. The following paper was read : — " On the Life- history of the Black - Currant Gall-Mite, Eriophyes {Phytoptus) ribis, AVestwood." By Cecil AVarburton, M.A., F.Z.S., and Miss Alice Embleton, B.Sc. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, P.E.S., Sec.L.S.) Xovember 21st, 1901. Prof. S. H. A'lXEs, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Christopher George Keddell was admitted a Fellow of the Societj-, The President referred to the experiment made this Session of reserving certain evenings for Botany and Zoology respectively, and pointed out that the continuance of the practice depended upon the cooperation of the Fellows and their attendance in sufficient numbers to warrant such reservation. Dr. A. B. Eendle, F.L.S. , showed specimens of Rubvs austmlis, Forster, the ]S'ew Zealand " La\^"yer-A^ne," which had been sent by Mr. F. AV". Burbidge from the Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Dublin. The specimens, which comprised three forms, furnished a striking example of variability within the range of a single species. One, the leafv form, bore leaves with three large leaflets somewhat prickly on the stalks and midrib, recalling our native Blackberry. In an intermediate form the leaflets were much reduced in size, while the stalks were longer and much more prickly. In a third the flat leaf-surface had completely disappeared, the leaves now consisting of an elongated stalk bearing long naked midribs, beset, like the leafstalks and the stem, with strong, short reciu-ving prickles, by means of which the plant climbs over surrounding vegetation. Mr. Burbidge states that the three forms are from three distinct plants, reared from seeds sent from New Zealand ; thev are said to be permanent under cultivation. 62 4 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Unforkmately there is no record of the peculiarities of habitat of the diiferent forms iu their native home. The scaudent type, with its complete reduction of leaf-surface, is obviously adapted for growth under much drier conditions than the leafy one. In the xerophyte the assimilating function is shared to a great extent by the well-developed green cortex of the elongated stem, which in the second vear becomes separated by the formation of a deep- seated cork layer, as was pointed out some years ago by Prof. F. W. Oliver. As M'ith our own Ruhi, there is in the case of Ruhus nustralis also some diffei'ence of opinion as to the limitation of species. In his ' New Zealand Flora ' Sir J. Hooker suggests three varieties, to one of which (cissoides) all the three specimens now iu question belong. Allan Cunningham, however, raised the varieties to specific rauk, and Thomas Kirk, in . his recent ' Floi'a of New Zealand,' takes a similar view. It is interesting to note, hov\'ever» that in the original specimen, now in the British Museum, which Forster collected aucl on which he founded his species in 1786, two at least of these presumed species are represented, and the same remark applies to a specimen collected by Banks and Solander at Totaranui in 1791, and also preserved in the National herbarium. Eemarks were made by Messrs. C. B. Clarke, W. Carruthers, and 0. Stapf. The President gave an account of his iu^estigation of the proteolytic enzyme of Nepenthes (see p. 45). A discussion followed, in which Prof. Percy Grroom, Prof. Howes, Mr. H. N. Ridley, and Rev. T. R. R. Stebb'ing took part. The following paper was read : — " On the Flora of Rarotouga." By T. F. Cheeseman, F.L.S. December 5th, 1901. Dr. D. H. Scott, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. The following were elected Fellows of the Society : — Lieut.- Col. Arthur Arnold Barrett, Mr. Graham Ewart Bott, the Rev. "William Burgess, Capt. Charles Donovan, Capt. Andrew^ Thomas Grage, Mr. Ernest John Lewis, Mr. Charles Smith Nicholson, Mr. Henry William Potts, and Mr. John Frederick Waby. Dr. W. RiDEWooD, F.L.S. , exhibited nine specimens of abnormal sacra in the Edible Frog (Bana esculenta) and one iu the Common Frog {Rana temporaria\ (see p. 46). Some additional remarks, were made by Prof. Gr. B, Howes. HX:yEAX SOCIETY OP LOXlX^y. 5 The follow ing jiapers were read : — 1. " On Protoplasmic Coanectiotis in the Lichens.'" By Dr, J. H. Salter. (Communicated by Prof. J. B. Farmer, F.L.S.) 2. " On Foraminifera collected round the Funafuti Atoll from Shallow and ]\roderately Deep Water." By Frederick Chapman A.L.S. ' * ^ December lUth, 1901. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Prof. G. B. IIoAVES exhibited a marine organism received from Dr. Gilchrist, of South Africa. It measures 15 cm. in length, and is structureless and transparent, in section four-sided, with its angles prolonged and each intervening area concave. A central tubular cavity is present, and at one end a deep constriction, which may be due to wave-action or other artificial causes. Ideas of a Ctenophoran, the cast-off test of a Tunicate of the Distoma type, of a Myxicolid worm-tube, an egg-capsule, and others which had occurred, had all been discarded ; and after having submitted the object to a dozen trained experts, he put it forward in the hope of obtaining a clue to its significance and zoological position. In commenting upon this exhibit, the President said he believed the occasion was probably the first in the history of the Society when an object had been laid upon the table to which no one present could give a name. Prof. Howes also exhibited a mounted specimen of the Giant Arguluis (A. scHtiformis) from a Japanese Teirodon, which he had received from Prof. D'Arcy Thompson. The creature measured 3 cm. in length, and his attention was first drawn to it on a recent visit to the Berlin Museum, where to the best of his recollection there is a larger example, and where the species is being fully worked out. The Eev. T. R. R. Stebbing, in commenting on the exhibit, made some remarks on the species A. giganteus, and observed that in the kindred genus Dolojjs there is a species {D. longicauda) which about equals in size the specimen exhibited. He showed a specimen of the giant Ostracod received from Dr. Gilchrist, which he had named Crosso/Jwnis africanus, the animal being almost as large as a cherry. Mr, J. E. S. MooHE exhibited the entire specimen and a micro- scopic preparation, with drawings, of a new Polyzoon, encrusting the shell of Paramelania, dredged on the West coast of Lake Tanganyika, at a depth of 25 fathoms. He showed it to be typically gymnolieraatous, and to present characters most nearly suggestive of the marine genus Arachnidium. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Dr. C. W. Andrews, F.G-.S., gave a short accouat of his recent visit to Egypt, and showed lanteru-sHdes illustrating some of the districts in which vertebrate fossils were collected. The most im- portant journeys were to Mozara with Mr. T. Barrow, and to the Tayum with Mr. H. J. L. Beadnell, officers of the Egyptian Geological Survey. In the former locality remains of Mastodon, Bracliyodus, and other vertebrates of Lower Miocene age were found ; and in the latter a large series of bones from Middle and Upper Eocene beds were collected. These include a number of ' very interesting forms, some of which (Palceomastodoyi and Moeri- tlierium) seem to be early Proboscidians, and indicate that that group originated in an Ethiopian land-area which became united to the Palsearctic land in Oligocene times. A number of plaster-casts of some of the more important speci- mens were shown. A discussion followed in which Dr. A. Smith-Woodward, Dr. Forsyth Major, and Prof. Howes took part. Mr. E. AliLLEE Ckrtsty, E.L.S., exhibited and made remarks on a specimen of White's Thrush, Turdus varius, Pallas, which had been shot near Clavering, in Essex, so long ago as January 1894, and had been preserved for Mr. Eolfe, but had only recently been identified as a rarity. Mr. J. E. Harting stated that about the same time another bird of this species, which he had seen, had been procured near Southampton, and that the two might well have arrived in company from Siberia. After pointing out the geographical distribution of the species, and its distinguishing characters, he exhibited coloured figures of the egg, which is one of the rarest in collections ; and, for comparison, a figure of the egg and nest of the allied Turdus lunulatus of Australia. The Eev. John Gerard, E.L.S., exhibited a nest of the Sand- Martin {Cotile riparia) made Avithin the nest of a Dipper {Cinchis aqtiaticus), found near Bashall Hall, Yorkshire, in M'hich eggs of the former bird had been laid and hatched after the latter had ceased to occupy it. Mr. S. Pace exhibited specimens of the common Torres Straits Snail PJanisjiira {Trachiojisis) ddessertiana, to illustrate the armature of the penis with minute calcareous spines. He likewise exhibited a specimen and drawings from life of a rare pelagic Tectibranch, Euselenops {Neda) luniceps, taken in Eriday Island Passage, Torres Straits. Only two specimens of this interesting form appear to have been hitherto noted, namely the one originally though erroneously figured by Cuvier (Pegne Anim. ii. p. 396), which had been probably collected by Peron and Lesueur at Mauritius, and another obtained during the voyage of the ' Samarang ' (Adams & Eeeve, ' Zoology of the Voyage of the Samaranr/,' Molluscii, p. 66, pi. 18. fig. 6). LI?r>-EAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 7 The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Anatomy of an Indian Gasteropod belonging to the genus PontiofJiauma." By S. Pace, F.Z.S. (Communicated hj Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) 2. " On the Ostracoda collected round the Funafuti Atoll." Bv Frederick Chapman, A.L.S. January 16th, 1902. Prof. S. H. YixES, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Charles Edgar Salmon was elected, and Mr. Charles Smith Nicholson and the Eev. William Burgess were admitted Fellows of the Society. Mr. Alfred O. AValker, F.L.S., exhibited some branches of Cherry affected with a fungus disease caused by Gnomonia eri/tJirostoma, and made the following remarks : — In the autumn of 1900 certain varieties of CheiTy were noticed in Kent to retain their leaves in a withered state at the time of normal leaf-fall. They were examined by 3Ir. G. Massee, and the fungus causing the mischief was ascertained to be Gnomonia erytlirostoma, Auersw. The Eoyal Agricultural Society investigated the evil, and recommended that all the affected leaves should be stripped off and burned, to avoid future mischief. Although few growers did this, the crop of 1891 was exceedingly good. The immunity of the Cherry orchards from the menaced calamity was ascribed by the exhibitor to the comparatively equable temperatures and the small rainfall of the latter year, whilst the outbreak in 1900 was attributed to the extreme low temperatures in May, following abnormally high temperatures in April. A discussion followed in which Messrs. G. Massee, E. S. Salmon, and "W. Carruthers took part. Mr. J. E. Haeten'g, F.L.S., exhibited some heads of "Wild Sheep together with photographs and lantern-slides, to illustrate a recent suggestion as to the use and value of spiral horns in feral species. Dr. George Wherry, of Cambridge, who originated the discus- sion and who was present as a visitor, selected Ovis nivicola ot Kamtschatka as a typical species to support his theory, and pointed out that while the horns were enormous, the ear was remarkably short, situated exactly in the axis of the spiral, and, as it were, at the apex of a hollow cone formed by the great spiral horn. This he regarded as a provision of nature to enable the animal to hear better, and to determine the direction of sounds when there is a mist or fog, the horn when used as an ear-trumpet acting like a megaphone. 8 PROCEEDI>-GS OP THE Mr. Haetixg poiuted out that the remarkably large spiral horns were peculiar to the male sex, and that if they were to be regarded as of use for the preservation of the species, the ewes, which required the most protection, would be in that respect defenceless. This would be especially the case with Ovis nivicola, the sexes of which, according to Dr. Guillemard (Voyage of tlie ' Marchesa,' vol. i. p. 214), lived apart in small herds for some portion of the year. It was a significant fact, also, that AYild Sheep, like other wild animals, posted sentries whilst feeding to prevent being surprised by their enemies, and it was the experience of those who hunted them, that when approached, the alarm was generally given by a ewe. He thought that wild Sheep and Goats, like Deer, relied more upon their sense of sight and smell than upon their hearing, and that the large bonis, like those of other ruminants, were simply weapons of defence against wild carnivora, and of offence against rivals during the breeding-season, as in the case of Deer. A discussion followed in which Messrs. W. E. de Winton, E. T. Newton, A. Trevor Battye, and the Eev. J. Gerard took part, the last-named quoting a letter received from his brother, Lt.-Gen. Sir Montagu Gerard, H.M. Commissioner for delimitation of the Pamir Boundary with Russia, to the effect that he had seen skeletons of Ovis Folii which showed that the horns of two big rams had become interlocked whilst fighting, and that both animals had perished from their inability to disengage themselves. Dr. Wheery, in reply, thought it would be found, in the case of ewes in which the horns were either absent or rudimentai'y, that the ears, by way of compensation, Avere much lai'ger than those of the rams ; but he had been unable to find anywhere a head of a female Ovis nivicola for examination. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Use of Linnean Specific Xames." B}^ Messrs. Henry and James Groves, E.L.S. 2. " On the Elora of Tibet or High Asia." Bv Messrs. W. B. Hemsley, E.E.S., E.L.S., and H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., E.L.S. February 6th, 1902. Prof. S. H. ViKES, E.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Graham Ewart Bott was admitted, and Messrs. Eichard Lloyd Griffiths and Thomas William Sanders were elected Eellows of the Society. Prof. Reynolds Geeen", E.E.S., E.L.S., exhibited some Prim- roses which showed the rare phenomenon of sepalody. The corolla was green and the limbs of the petals were rugose and of a texture almost comparable with that of the foliage-leaves. He also showed another specimen in which the calyx as well as the LI>'>'EAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 9 corolla was petaloid. Both specinieus were received from a garden in the North of England. Messrs. H. and J. Groyes, F.L.S., exhibited a series of British hybrid Batrachian i^rtn»nf«Z/, including R. pehdtusy.Lenormandi (M. HUtoni, H. & J. Groves), li. Bav.dotitx Drouetii, li. Baudot'd X Jieteroj^hijllus, and B. })eltati(sxtric7t02'ihi/lh(s, together with speci- mens of their supposed parents. They pointed out that the hybrids were usually characterized by (1) being intermediate in appearance between the two parents, having some of the distinctive characters of each, but with a more vigorous vegetative growth ; and (2) by the fruit being mostly abortive and the peduncles not becoming recurved. A discussion followed in which Prof. Farmer, Mi*. F. Darwin, Prof. Dendy, 3Ir. Holmes, Mr. Clement Eeid, and the President took part. Dr. D. H. Scott, F.E.S., gave an account, illustrated by lanteru- shdes, of "An Extinct Family of Ferns" (see p. 47). A discusssion followed in which Messrs. C. B. Clarke, F. W. Oliver, W. C. AVorsdell, and A. G. Tansley took part. The follo^Aing paper was read: — " On a Method of Investigating the Gravitational Sensitive- ness of the Eoot-tip."' By Francis Darwin, F.R.S., F.L.S. February 20th, 1902. The Eev. T. E. E. SxEBBiyG, M.A., F.E.S., in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. On behalf of Mv. G. M. Thomso>', F.L.S., of Dunedin. X.Z., the Secretary exhibited a series of photographs of Xew Zealand Flowers, including several species of " Mountain Daisy,*' Cdmisia coriacea, C. rarnidosa, and C. Haastii ; Olearia insignis, Veronica bifonnis, and Clematis indivisa. The Alpine flora ot these islands included a number of beautiful plants, many of them, like the Baonlia (or Vegetable Sheep), produciug white blossoms in such profusion as to be conspicuous at a considerable distance. One of the most noticeable was the ereat white Buttercup, Banioicidiis Li/allii, commonly known as the Mount Cook Lily, of which two photographs were shown. In connection with the plants, some observations were made on the birds which visit them, e. g., the Bell-bird or '• Korimako,"' Anthornis meJaaura, the Grey "Warbler, Genjgone flavirostris, the Pied Fantail, Rhipidura jlahellifera, and the Yellow-breasted Tit, Petroeca macrocephala. Of these, the first named was observed to assist in the fei'tilization of the native Fuchsias, on quitting which the feathers of the head were seen to be stained with the bright blue pollen of the flowers. A favourite nesting-site of the Tit, lO PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Petroeca macrocephala, was said to be immediately under the head of the Ti-tree, CordyJine ausircdis, a good photograph of whieli was likewise exhibited. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Internal Structure and Histology of Bunodeopsis globidifera, Yerrill, a West-Indian Sea-Auemone." By Dr. J. E. Duerden. (Communicated by Prof. Gr. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) 2. " Eeport on the Botanical Publications of the United Kingdom as part of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature.'" By B. Daydon Jackson, Sec.L.S. (See p. 47.) 3. " On the Structure and Afhuities of some Grastropoda from Lake Tanganyika, belonging to the genera Chytra and Limno- troclmsr By Miss Lettice Higby. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) March 6th, 1902. Mr. Heebejit Deuce, F.L.S., in the Chair, succeeded br Mr. A. D. Michael, P.L.S. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Dr. Eobert Francis Scharff was admitted, and the following were elected Fellows of the Society : — Messrs. Norman Henry "William Maclareu, WiUiam Andrew Shoolbred, Arthur Smith, and William Edward de Winton. Mr. Ernest David Marquand, of Belle Yue, Ald'^rney, and Mr. Eobert Newstead, of Chester, were elected Associates. Mr. J. E. Haetixg, F.L.S., exhibited and made remarks upon some unpublished coloured drawings by Messrs. J. Gr. Millais and A. Thorburn of British Freshwater Anatidte illustrating inter- mediate phases of plumage, through and irrespective of moulting, not hitherto figured. The following papers were read : — 1. " On some New Lepadides (Cirripedia) in the Collection of the British Museum." By Prof. A. Gruvel, of Bordeaux. (Com- municated by Prof. Gr. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) 2. "On the Morphology of the Brain in the Mammalia, W'ith special reference to that of the Lemurs, recent and extinct." By Pi'of. Gr. Elliot Smith, of Cairo. (Communicated by Prof. Gr. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) March 20th, 1902. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Edwin John Butler was elected, and Messrs. William f LINXEAK SOCIETI OF LONDOX. 1 1 Edward De Wiuton, Charles Edgar Salmon, and Thomas WiUiam Sanders ^^■ere admitted Fellows of the Society. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Electric Eesponse in Ordinary Plants under Mechanical Stimulus;" By Prof. Jagadis Chunder Bose. (Communicated by the President.) 2. '• On the Fruit of Mdocanna hamhusoides, Trin., an Exalbu- minous Grass.'" By Dr. O. Stapf, A.L.S. 3. " On Malacostraca from the Ked Sea, collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes.*' By A. O. Walker, F.L.S., and Andrew Scott. April 3rd, 1902. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Harold Stuart-Thompson was admitted, and Messrs. Henry Haselfoot Haines, Edwin Ernest Lo\\ e. and George Michael Eyan were elected Fellow s of the Society. Mr. E. MoRTO^f MiDDLETON, F.L.S., exhibited two Letters from Linnteus to Dr. David van Eoyen and Mr. Eichard Warner of "Woodford, dated respectively 18 April 1769 and 29 Sept. 1758 (see p. 48), as also a Letter from Sir J. E. Smith to N. Wallich on Nepalese Plants written in 1819. Eemarks thereon were made by the Eev. T. E. E. Stebbing, Mr. Carruthers, and Mr. Daydon Jackson. Mr. E. A. EoLFE, A.L.S. , on behalf of the Director, Eoyal Gardens, Ke\^", exhibited a series of specimens of Pachira aquatica, Aubl.. and P. insir/nis, SaA'igny, from British Guiana, collected by the late G. S. Jenman, F.L.S., Government Botanist, to illustrate the great variation which exists in the size and shape of the fruits. It appeared that the two species were best distinguished by their flowers, those of P. insignis being very large and having broad crimson petals of considerable substance, while those of F. aquatica were smaller, and the petals light yellow, narrower, and of more slender texture. No distinguishing character had been detected in the fruit, which, though varying greatly in size and shape, seemed almost to duplicate itself in the characteristic forms of the two species. In both, the shape varies from fusiform-oblong and considerably elongated to shortly elliptical, with a series of inter- mediate forms, as seen in the series exhibited. There was also a certain amount of variation in the leaves and flowers, though in the latter each species retained its own essential character. These trees were common over the great alluvial forest-region, extending also to Brazil, and were commonly cultivated for ornament. Mr. Caekuthees, F.E.S., in making some observations on the subject, prefaced his remarks by deploring the loss which the Society 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE had sustained by the recent death of Mr. Jeuman, whose labours in the cause of Botanical Science, and whose work on the Ferns of Jamaica especially, had added much to our knowledge of the subjects investigated by him. In the discussion which followed, Dr. Kendle, Mr. Morton Middleton, and the President spoke. On behalf of Mr. W. B. Hemslet, F.E.S., Mr. Eolfe also ex- hibited some specimens illustrating the precocious germination of the seeds of a species of Dracania. Germination had taken place through the pericarp while the berries were still hanging on the plant. The following papers were read : — 1. "A Contribution to the Composite Flora of Africa." By Spencer L. Moore, F.L.8. 2. " On a Biseriate Halonial Branch oi LejyidojjJdoios fuliginosm (Williamson)." By Prof. F. E. Weiss, F.L.S. April 17th, 1902. Prof. S. H. Vines, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. William Andrew Shoolbred was admitted, and Messrs. Charles Eenfric Chichester and Edward Percy Stebbing were elected Fellows of the Society. In view of the approaching Anniversary Meeting the Eev. T. E, E. Stebbing and Mr. W. B. Hemsley were elected Auditors on behalf of the Council ; and Messrs. H. AV. Monckton and A. O. Walker on the part of the Fellows. The following papers were read : — 1. " On the Anatomy of Todea, with Xotes on the Affinity and Geological Histoiy of the Osmundacete." By Albert Charles Seward, F.L.S. , and Miss Sibille Ormstou Ford. 2. " On the New Zealand Phyllobranchiate Crustacea-Macrura."' By George Malcolm Thomson, F.L.S. May 1st, 1902. Prof. S. H. VI^ES, F.E.S., President in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. Messrs. John Parkin, Charles Gilbert Eogers, and Otto Stapf were elected Fellows; and Messrs. Alfred Giard, Hans Jacob LINNEAN" SOCIETY OE LOXDOX. I j Hansen, Charles Sprague Sargent, Franz Eilhard Schulze, and Julius AViesner were elected Foreigii Members of tlie Societj^ The President announced that li.E.H the Prince oe Wales had graciously consented to become a Honorary Member of the Society, an announcement which was received with acclamation. The President further announced that the Council had decided to award the Gold Medal of the Society this year to Prof. Kudole Albert xos Kolliker, of Wiirzburg, in recognition of his important contributions to Zoological Science. Mr. J. E. Habting, P.L.S., exhibited photographs of a living- specimen, of tlie African Shoebill (Balceniceps rex), forwarded from Cairo by Sir Williau Garstin, K.C.M.G., and gave some account of the bird, and of the diiferent vie\^■s which had been expressed by zoologists regarding its affinities and systematic position. In the absence of the authors, who were abroad, the followino- papers were communicated by the Zoological Secretary, Prof. G. B. Howes, E.E.S. :— 1. " On th^ Mammalian Cerebellum, with special reference to. that of the Lemurs." By Dr. G. Elliot Smith. 2. "On the Brain of the Elephant'Shrew(ifrtcrosceZicZe5 j»-oios- cideus, Shaw)." By Dr. G. Elliot Smith. 3. " On the Early Condition of the Shoulder-girdle in the Poly- protodont Marsupials Dasyurus and Perameles." By Dr. E. Broom. May 24th, 1902. Anniversary Meeting, Prof. S. H. AMINES, E.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting \^ere read and confirmed. Dr. Otto Stapf was admitted a Eello\'(-. The President then moved from the Chair that his Eoyal Highness the Prince of AVales, K.G., be elected an Honorary Member, which was carried by acclamation, the Eellows rising in their places. The Treasurer's Einancial Statement duly audited, as detailed on, p. 15, was submitted to the Meeting; Mr. Thomas Christy then moved a vote of thanks to the Treasurer, which after being seconded was carried. 14 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE The Senior Secretary read his report o£ deaths, withdrawals, and elections as follows :— Since the last Auniversar}' Meeting 15 Fellows had died or their deaths been ascertained : — Mr. Edward John Beale. Mr. Amos Beardsley. Mr. Alfred William Bennett. Dr. John Cockle. Col. Sir Henry Collett. Mr. Thomas Comber. Mr. Rochfort Connor. Mr. Samuel Henry Drew. Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert. Mr. George Samuel Jeumau. Mr. John Clavell Mausel- Pleydell. Mr. AVilliam Martiudale. Dr. W. M. Ord. Mr.William Frederick Saunders. Mr. George Perafusson Wilson. FOEEIGN MeMBEES (4). Prof. Carl Eduard Cramer. Dr. Robert Hartig. Dr. Alexander Kowalevski. Prof. Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers. The followino- eleven Pellows had resigued Mr. Arthur S. Atkinson. Mr. Travers James Briant. Mr, Charles B. Cory. Dr. Michael C. Grabham. Mr. Frederic M. Halford. Mr. Guy Halliday. Mr. James Keys. Mr. Kenneth McKean. Mr. Samuel A. Moor. Mr. John William Taylor. Rev. R. Thorn. Six Fellow^s had been removed from the Society's list by order of the Council in accordance with Chapter II. Section 9 of the Bye- Laws; and 32 Fellows, 2 Associates, and 5 Foreign Members had been elected. The Librarian's report was read as follows : — " During the past year there had been received as Donations from Private Individuals 51 volumes and 178 Pamphlets. "From the various Dniversities, Academies, and Scientific ^Societies, there had been received in exchange and otherwise 229 volumes and 100 detached parts, besides 52 volumes and 50 parts obtained by exchange and donations from the Editors and Pro- prietors of independent Periodicals. " The Council had sanctioned the purchase of 165 volumes, and 101 parts of important works. " The total additions to the Library were therefore 497 volumes, and 429 separate parts. LI^"^'EA^' society of loxdox. 15 is ■ H ?^ • ' I— I Is to H I OS tj .■0 4^ d. — to 11^ 2 '->-o ~ 2 2 g.aj ^> bH O o 1- b^ 5' 2 • = 3 OT -. ^ p CC C^ li -T 10 t*: ci o c^ :^ Lo ;^ Ui ^- 4- 4- ?° -O C; LC VI — ?~ k. to ci 4- O V ?^ w- _ ^ GO X — c o -X IC H- C5 ^ ^^ - ^ "^ — 4- X v< t»t 2* ■^ 4- vi ^ ~ — = 2- .;5' CO o o o :o X c-1 ►- (i- *» -4 -- LC. ■ 1 6 PROCEEDINGS OP THE " The number of books bound during the year was as follows : — " In half-morocco 316 volumes, in half-calf 7 volumes, in full cloth 126 volumes, in vellum 22 volumes, in buckram 36 volumes, in boards or half-cloth 11 volumes, relabelled (half -morocco and cloth backs) 27 volumes. Total 5-15 volumes." The Secretary having read the Bye-Laws governing the elections, The President opened the business of the day, and the i'eUows present proceeded to ballot for the Council. The ballot having been closed the President nominated Dr. E. B^aith^^■aite, Mr. E. M. Holmes, and Mr. T. Christy, Scrutineers. The votes having been examined and counted, the Scrutineers reported to the President, who thereupon declared the result as follows : — Dr. Fkederick DuCane Godman, Mr. Hen"kt Groyes, Rev. Canon ALFiJED Merle Normai^, Mr, Clement Eetd, and Dr. Arthur Smith AVoodward removed from the Council, and the following elected in their place : — Mr. George Massee, Mr. George Sharp Saunders, Colonel Charles Swinhoe, Mr. Arthur George Tansley, and Mr. Alfred Osten Walker. The Ballot for the Officers having been closed, the President appointed the same Scrutineers, and the votes having been ex- amined, counted, and reported to the President, he declared the result as follows : — President^ Prof. Sydney Howard Vines. Treasurer, Mr. Frank Crisp. (-, . f Prof. George Bond Howes. Secretaries ^ -j^^,_ Dukinfield Henry Scott. The President then delivered his Annual Address. LI>'>'EA>- SOCIETl- OF LO>'DOX. 17 PEESIDENTIAL ADDEESS, 1902. The recurrence of the Anniversary Meeting of our Society brings with it the traditional obligation of an Address from the Chair, at once the greatest privilege and the most difficult task attaching to the Presidential office. Whilst it is a high privilege to speak from a Chair that has been occupied by a long line of distinguished men of science, it is a formidable undertaking to deliver an address that shall be not unworthy of such illustrious predecessors. On the present occasion J. endeavour to allay my own misgivings by the reflection that the circumstances luider which we are met are such as to call for an address which will not challenge com- parison with the brilliant performances of the past. The year of the Society's life which is now closing has been marked by im- portant events affecting its domestic policy ; and it is tliese, rather than purely scientific topics, that will form my principal subject- matter. It is, I think, not undesirable that, on the occasion of the Anniversary, the President should bring before the Eellows the chief points in the history of the Society for the year, and thus, in a sense, render an account of his stewardship. Let me, first of all, congratulate the Society upon the election of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales as an Honorary Member. It cannot be other than a source of the greatest satis- faction to the Fellows that his name, like those of his Eoyal Father and Grandfather, should adorn our roll. I have also great pleasure in reminding you that the Linnean Medal has this year been awarded to Prof. Albert von Kcilliker, of the University of Wiirzburg, our oldest, and I may add our most distinguished. Foreign Member. Prof, von Kolliker was elected as long ago as 1S5S, when he had alread}' achieved a reputation that might well have sufficed for a lifetime. As a fellow-worker with Schleiden, Schwann, and iS^aegeli, in the foundation of the cell- theory, he had even then come into the first rank of biologists, a position that he has never ceased to hold and has recently more than justified by the publication of a new edition of his ' Gewebe- lehre." You have heard from the Senior Secretary of the losses which we, as a Society, have sustained during the past year. Whilst we may congratulate ourselves that the number is not larger, we have to deplore the death of some distinguished and well-known Fellows whom we can ill afford to miss. The name of Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert will always be associated scientifically with the earhest investigation of the nitrogenous nutrition of plants ; and economi- cally, with the foundation of the first and most important station for experimental agriculture, the operations of which he directed with untiring energy and unquahfied success for more than half a century. In other countries, where Agriculture is rightly recog- nized as the mainstay of the nation, such institutions are deemed LtNTf. SOC. PBOCEEDIJfGS. — SESSION 1901-1902. C 1 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE worthy of Govermnent support : in our own, until quite recently, they have been left to private munificence and enterprise. It was indeed a fortunate circumstance that two such men as Sir John Lawes and Sir Henry Gilbert should have cooperated in establishing the experimental farm at Eothamsted. They have now both gone from us ; but the results of their labours remain as a splendid legacy to our people, and as a lasting memorial of their devotion and genius. In Sir Ilenrj^ Collett we lose an accomplished botanist Avho Avas also a gallant soldier and a capable administrator, a combination of qualities that seems to be peculiarly British. It would not be easy to estimate how much this Society, and other kindred Societies, owe to the public services, and more particularly the Indian, for the invaluable recruits whom we continually draw from their ranks. It is impossible to attend the meetings of the Society without being conscious of tlie absence of the always welcome and once familiar figure of the late A. W. Bennett. A laborious student and a conscientious teacher of Botany, Mr. Bennett showed his loyalty to this Society by the regularity of his attendance at our meetings, to the interest of which he so frequently contributed either by papers of his own or by valuable criticisms on those of others. Turning now to our Foreign Members, we find further cause for regret. We tender oar respectful condolences to the scientific world of l>ance on the death of Henri deLacaze-Duthiers, Mem bre de riustitut, Professor of Zoology and Anatomy at the Sorbonne, who was for forty years a Foreign Member of this Society. His scientific activity extended over a period of more than sixty years, and was as fertile as it was prolonged. Possessed of a unique power of dissection, he investigated the Invertebrata, more par- ticularly the Mollusca and the Coelenterata, with a success that made him facile princeps among anatomists. But not less than for his researches, he will always be remembered as the pioneer in the establishment of marine biological stations, those at Eoscoff and Banyuls having been founded and maintained by him. We have lost another eminent zoologist in Alexander Kowa- levsky, formerly Professor of Zoolog}^ in the University of St. Peters- burg. His reputation rests securely upon his embryological work on the Invertebrata, and his investigation of those primitive Vertebi'ata, the Ascidians and AmpMoicus. Nor has Botany suffered less severely than Zoology. I have to record the disappearance of two honoured botanical names from our list : those of Carl Cramer, Professor in the Zurich Poly- technikum, and Eobert Hartig, Professor of Botany in the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Munich. If Cramer leaves behind him comparatively little independent work — which includes, how- ever, some important papers upon the Morphology of the Algae, — it is because many of the best years of his life were devoted to collaboration with Naegeli, whose pupil he was and in whose renown he must always share. Hartig made important contri- butions to the science by his many and varied researches into the structure, physiology, and pathology of timber-trees. I,rNT!fEA?f SOCIETY OE LONDOK. 1 9 "VVe have tilled the serious gaps in our Hst by the election of five new Foreign Members, three of whom are zoologists and two botanists. Of the zoologists one is M, Alfred Griard, who, like Lacaze-Duthiers whom he replaces, is Professor of Zoology at the Sorboune, and has founded a marine biological station at Wimereux : of him I need only say that he has proved himself to be a fit successor of so great a man. The second is Dr. Hans Jacob Hansen, Assistant in the Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen, whose researches upon the Arthropoda, pursued during the past twenty years, have made him a recognized authority upon the morphology of the Invertebrata. The third is Dr. Franz Eilhard Schulze, Professor of Zoology in the Uuiversity of Berlio, a name we may well be proud to have on our list. For more than fiftv years he has been issuing valuable memoirs in all branches of zoological science, ranging from the Protozoa to the Yertebrata, and has been a pioneer in the field of comparative histology. Of the botanists, one is Dr. Julius Wiesner, Professor of the Anatomy and Physiology of Plants in the University of Vienna, the doyen of plant-physiologists. The period of Prof. Wiesner's labours covers nearly half a century, and his innumerable publi- cations have added largely to knowledge in the branches of science with which he is especially concerned ; as, for example, his researches on Heliotropism and his investigations of the structui-e of textile fibres and other vegetable products of economic im- portance. The other is Charles Sprague Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, so well known by his monumental and beautiful work, the ' Silva of North America.' Passing now to the more purely domestic affairs of the Society, it has become necessary to make some important changes in the personnel of the executive in consequence of the retirement of Mr. J. E. Harting from the post of Assistant-Secretary after fourteen years of useful work. It is a great satisfaction to announce to you that, in accordance with Chap. XII. of the Bye- Laws, the Council have appointed Mr. B. Daydon Jackson to be a Salaried Officer of the Society with the title of General Secretary, to take charge of our administrative business and to represent the Society in such important public work as the International Cata- logue of Scientific Publications. I need hardly remind you of the loyalty and ability with which Mr. Jackson has served the Society for twenty-two years as its Botanical Secretary : I would only congratulate you upon having more completely secured his valuable services. It necessarily follows that the Botanical Secretaryship becomes vacant. As you see from the balloting-lists, the Council have nominated Dr. D. H. Scott, F.E.S., for election to this important office, a nomination that will, I am sure, be confirmed by you as cordially as it was made by us. The services rendered to the Society by Dr. Scott in the past have been such as to make it a matter of unqualified satisfaction that he has consented to become one of its Officers. c2 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE !From the Treasurer's Statement you will have gathered that the financial position of the Society is rather more favourable than it was a year ago, though the income has been none too large for what the Society has had to do, and is not nearly large enough for what it might do. I ventured, in my last anniversary address, to make the suggestion that the Fellows could assist the Society by foregoing the right to receive either the botanical or the zoological ])ublications, and a note to this effect was circulated. The favourable replies were not so numerous as had been expected ; but still they suffice to warrant a reduction in the number of copies of our publications to be printed off, whereby a small but welcome economy is made possible. In the course of the session, a memorial in favour of the admission of women to the Fellowship of the Society has been presented to your Council ; and in view of the relatively large number of Fellows who signed it, it received immediate and serious attention. It was found necessary to obtain legal assistance to determine whether or not the powers conferred by our Charter would enable us to comply with the prayer of the memorial. The opinion of the eminent Counsel consulted is that it is not competent for the Society to take such action ; an opinion agreeing with that which, as I understand, has been given in the case of other learned Societies similarly situated. It is therefore an essential preliminary to the admission of women that we should obtain a new Charter. The Council accordingly issued a circular to the Fellows with the object of ascertaining whether or not it is their wish that the necessary steps should be taken. So far this important matter has been treated with singular apathy : 740 circulars were issued, but only about 377 replies have been received, of which 258 are in favour of and 119 are against the proposal. It is to be regretted that the Council should not have received a more decisive man- date as to the course to be adopted. Possibly it has been felt that so fundamental a change in the constitution of the Society required careful and prolonged consideration ; but it is to be hoped that those Fellows who have not yet recorded their views will do so as speedily as possible. For the present the question remains open. During the present session we have tried the experiment, announced last year, of ear-marking certain meetings as especially botanical or zoological. Many of you have, no doubt, formed your own opinion as to its success or otherwise. For my own part, I must confess to a certain measure of disappointment. Whilst we have had some exceptionally good special meetings, 1 fear that this advantage has not been all clear gain, but has to some extent been obtained at the expense of the ordinary meetings. It is, however, thought worth while that the experiment should be continued in some form for another year. The scientific results of the Society's activity during the session ai"e, I venture to think, quite up to the usual high level in point of interest and importance. If I must find something to dis- I lIKNBAIf SOCIETY OF LONDON. 21 parage, it \\ould be the relatively small attendance at our meetings. This is, I believe, to be mainly accounted for by the prevailing tendency to regard Societies like our own rather as convenient mechanisms for the publication of papers, than as a means of associating with others interested in similar pursuits. Undoubtedly the publication of papers is a very important — and, I may add, a very costly — function ; but it would be fatal were the Society to be regarded exclusively from this point of view. It is, I fear, sometimes forgotten that l^ellows owe to the Societies to which they belong something more than their annual subscription. In our own case, each Fellow on election declares that '"he will endeavour to promote the good of the Society, will pursue the ends for which the same was instituted, and will be present at the meetings as often as conveniently he can." A more general realization of this pledge of personal service would, I am convinced, rejuvenate our Society : the interest of its meetings would be greatly increased and its usefulness extended, making it, as it ought to be, the centre of biological activity in this country. It cannot be urged that the subjects discussed during the present session have not been sufficiently varied and attractive, for they have ranged over a wide area and have not infrequently been of first-rate importance. Systematic Zoology is represented by such papers as that of Mr. Chapman on the Foramiuifera of the Funafuti Atoll ; that of Messrs. Walker and Scott on Malacostraca from the Eed Sea, collected by Dr. H. 0. Forbes ; of Prof. Gravel (Bordeaux) on some new species of Cirripedia in the ^STatural History Collection of tlie British Museum ; and of Mr. Gr. M. Thomson on the Xew Zealand Phyllobrauchiate Crustacea-Macrura. The economic side of Zoology is touched upon by the paper of Mr. Warburton and Miss Embleton on the Life-history of the Black-Currant Gall-Mite, a pest to fruit-growers. Dr. Andrews gave us a most interesting account of the fossil Vertebrates, some of which are primitive Proboscidians, that have been found in the Miocene and Eocene of Egypt. The most scientifically important of the zoological papers are probably those of Dr. Elliot Smith, of Cairo, on tlie Morphology of the Brain in Mammalia, with special reference to the Lemurs hoth living and extinct ; and that of Dr. E. Broom on the Early Condition of the Shoulder- Girdle in the Polyprotodont Marsupials Dasi/urus and Perameles. Systematic Botany is well represented by the papers of Messrs. Hemsley and Pearson on the Flora of Tibet ; of Mr. Spencer Le Marchaut Moore on the Composite Flora of Africa ; and of Mr. Cheeseman on the Flora of Earotonga. Dr. Stapf has recorded the discovery of an exalbuminous Grass, Melocnnna hamhusoides, Trin. The rising science of Palieophytology has asserted itself in the papers of Dr. Scott on the Botrj^opterideae, an extinct family of Ferns ; of Prof. "Weiss on Le^ndopliloios fidifjinosus ; and of Mr. Seward and Miss Ford on the Anatomy of Todea and the affinity and geological history of the Osmundacese. Nor has Physiology been neglected ; for Mr. F. Darwin gave us an PB,OCEEDI^'GS OF THE interesting paper on a method o£ investigating tlie gravitational sensitiveness of the root-tip ; and Prof. Bose another, accompanied by a striking demonstration, on the electrical response of ordinary plants when stimulated mechanically. Such is the fare with which our intellectual banquets have been spread. It is not too much to say, that to partake regularly of it is in itself a liberal scientific education : I, at least, am finding it so. But whilst learning and admiring, I have sometimes wondered, in the rare moments when my attention has strayed from the question under discussion, what can be the underlying motive of all this activity in subjects that are but seldom of obvious practical utility. What is it that inspires the toils of the collector abroad, and the labours of the investigator at home ? With what object in view is it that we are banded together into a ]N"atural History Society ? No doubt the imperious desire, the intellectual necessity, to know, which is the distinguishing feature of the human mind, is the mainspring that keeps all this complicated machinery in motion. And what more natural than that satisfaction should have been sought in the living organisms which inhabit, or have inhabited, the globe. But what is it that we seek to know conceiming them? The first thing is to ascertain what forms exist or have existed ; a process of simple apprehension, recognizing their individuality and calling them by name. This is necessarily followed by the desire for orderly arrangement or classification of the objects observed ; a further step which is rapidly taken nowadays, but one that has become so easy only within comparatively recent times. The history of the development of classification is of profound interest. The earlier attempts in this direction were either quite arbitrary, as when alphabetical ai'rangements were adopted ; or were based on extraneous features, as, for instance, M-hen Dioscorides divided plants into the aromatic, the alimentary, the medicinal, and the vinous, according to their propei'ties. At length it began to be perceived that certain resemblances and differences could be traced among living things, from which principles for their classification might be drawn. It is always difficult to fix the exact date, or to determine the individual author, of any great advance in science, for this is the result of the labours of mauy men and of more than one age. However, it is approximately true to state that the foundations of our Taxonomy were laid in the sixteenth century. Botany became a science with the publication of Andrea Cesalpino's great work 'De Plantis' at Florence in 1583 : and Zoology, which had made no progress since the time of Aristotle, was reconstituted by the labours of Edward Wottou, whose work ' De Differentiis Animalium" was published in 1552, and by those of Conrad Gesner, who was equally active in both sciences, and left behind him unpublished works of great importance to both on his un- timely death in 1565. For centuries, however, the two modes of classification continued to co-exist. But the unscientific, if useful, artificial systems that succeeded each other gradually gave place to LIXXEAN SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 2$ the scientific jSTatural System, which was beinjs; slowly evolved as the result of more close and accurate study of living things, whereby those characters that are permanent and essential came to be dis- tinguislied from those that are transitory and adaptive ; so that the Idea of Likeness, upon which the Natural System was originally based, grew into the Idea of Affinity. But is there nothing more for the naturalist to learn when he has collected his material and classified it ? Most assuredly there is. Since the advent of the evolutionai-y epoch, a new idea has become dominant in Biology, the Idea of Phylogeny, which has superseded the Idea of Affinity of earlier days. It is not enough for us to know what is ; we seek to discover how it has come to be what it is : we perceive that the perfect JS^atural System must be a genealogy expressing true blood-relationships. This study inay be said to be still in its infancy, in spite of the extraordinary activity of reseai'ch, especially in Embryology and Palaeontology, that the phylogenetic idea has inspired. Though here and there fragments of the mosaic seem to have been successfully pieced together, the main outlines even of the great picture are as yet but dimly discernible. There is yet a further height to be explored. Supposing, for a moment, that we were now in possession of a complete genealogy of animals and plants, we should only be able to answer the question how their evolution had come about, but not the question tvhy. AVe shoidd still have to seek for the causes of evolution, whether efficient or final. The search after the efficient causes o£ organic evolution is, I am glad to say, engaging more and more attention at the present time. The facts of heredity, of variation, of distribution in space and time, are being closely scrutinized with the object of eliciting the laws by which they are governed, and of determining the factors by which they are produced. If it has become clear that Natural Selection is potent in determining the survival of new forms, it is equally clear that it does not give rise to them. And here we come face to face with the most difficult problem of all — namely, that organic evolution should have pro- ceeded from the lower to the higher, from the simple to the complex. Why should the first and simplest organisms have given rise to others more highly organized, and these in tiu-n to others, until all tlie forms that we know were evolved ? If we endeavour to account for progressive development by arguing that highly organized animals and plants are at an advantage in the struggle for existence as compared with the lower, Ave are confronted with the old questions — Why then have not the lower forms all perished under the operation of natural selection ? — Why are so many stages of organization still represented ? To these it may be replied, that many of the higher forms differ so widely from many of the lower, that they do not compete with each other, and so may continue to exist side by side. It must not, however^, be overlooked that ^ide differences of position in the scale of life do not necessarily prevent competition. For instance, the lowly 24 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Fungi are the strenuous competitors of all other organisms from the highest to the lowest, whether animal or plant ; and between what organisms is the struggle more keen than between the Bacterium and Man ? Nor must it be forgotten that the com- petition between higher and lower forms, if not keen now, was at its keenest when the differences between them were still slight. These questions cannot yet be regarded as satisfactorily disposed of. But even if it be admitted that higher organization is an advantage, the question as to the cause of variation in the higher direction still remains. It is sometimes referred to external con- ditions, as, for instance, by Mr. Herbert Spencer, who has asserted that " the direct action of the medium was the primordial factor of organic evolution." It is an obvious criticism that the effect of external conditions must depend upon the capacity of the organism to respond to them. External conditions can act only as an exciting cause of evolution, just as the pulling of a rifle-trigger is the exciting cause of the explosion of the cartridge. The exciting cause contributes nothing to the explosive power of the cartridge in the one case, or to the evolutionary capacity of the protoplasm in the other : it only calls them into action. The " primordial factor " is to be sought in living matter itself. The fact that organic evolution should have proceeded as far as it has within such limits of time as may reasonably be allowed, admits, to my own mind, of no other interpretation than that variation is not indeterminate ; but that, as Lamarck and Naegeli have urged, there must exist in living matter a certain inherent tendency or bias in favour of variation in the higher direction. It is this tendency or bias that I venture to regard as the true " primordial factor." However, it is not my intention today to propound a theory of evolution. All that I desire to do is to indicate the real inwardness of the labours of the naturalist : to point out that the accumulation of facts concerning living organisms is not an end in itself, but a means to the end of fully and rightly comprehending them. Let us not forget that the last epoch-making stride in this direction was taken at a meeting of this Society, when the doctrine of Natural Selection was announced : let it be our not unworthy ambition that our Society shall be as closely identified with future advance ! ' Sir Joseph Hookee then moved : — •" That the thanks of the Society be given to the President for his excellent Address, and that he be requested to allow it to be printed and circulated amongst the Fellows," which, after being seconded by Dr. Gtunxhee, was unanimously carried. The Linnean Grold Medal was then awarded to Prof. Rudolph Albert yon Kollikee, F.M.L.S., and received on his behalf by his former pupil. Sir Michael Fostee, K.C.B., who made a suitable acknowledcrment. LIN>'EA]!f SOCIETY Or LOXDOX. 25 The President said : — " .sir Michael Foster, — The presentation of our medal is always a grateful task to the President of this Society ; but it can rarely be so exceptional a privilege as it is on this occasion. I feel that to be the instrument of conferring upon Prof, von Kolliker this, the highest mark of our esteem, is the greatest honour that can fall to my lot dui'ing my tenure of office ; and my satisfaction is lieightened by the remembrance of the kindness that he extended to me years ago, when I was a student at Wiirzburg under the lamented Prof, von Sachs. " It is the duty of the President, in presenting the medal, to specify the ground upon which it has been awarded : a duty that, in this case, is little more than a formality, for the name of Kolliker is as a household word among us. It is well that it should be so ; for I recognize that it is altogether beyond my powers to do justice, here and now, to so vast a theme. I would only recall the fact that he is the last survivor of the distinguished men to whose genius we owe the wonderful renascence of Biology that marked the middle of the nineteenth century, and that he has not ceased to enrich zoological science with contributions of the tirst importance in all its departments. His earliest paper was published more than sixty years ago : his most recenc appeared only last month. In the M'hole history of science there can be but few records of more fruitful and long-continued labour. I am using no empt}'' figure of speech when I say that the association of our medal with the name of Kolliker must enhance its value as a scientific distinction in the eyes of all future recipients. " Whilst we cannot but regret that he has not found it possible to be with us today, we feel that he could not be more fitly represented than by one of our Fellows who has himself done so much to promote the development of Biology in this country. Prof, von Kolliker has honoured us in the acceptance of our medal ; we are also honoured in his representative. " I now hand the medal to your. Sir, requesting you to be so good as to convey it to Prof, von Kolliker, with the respectful homage and the sincere good wishes of the Linnean Society of London." The Secretaries laid the Obituary Notices of deceased Members before the Meeting, as follows. Edward John" Beale was born in the year 1835, and at the time of his death, January 8, 1902, was senior partner of the firm of Carter & Co., of High Holborn, seedsmen. He entered that firm as a boy of fifteen, and passed the whole of his business life in it. Some years ago he endeavoured to arouse interest in the growth of tobacco in Britain, by a paper read before the Society of Arts on March 4, 1887 (Journ. Soc. Arts, sxxv. 1887, pp. 384-396), and by a small volume entitled • English Tobacco-Growing," which was dedicated by permission to the late Queen Victoria. 26 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE He was J.P. for Middlesex, and joined our Society on Xo- vember 16, 1871, though of late years he seldom was present at our meetings, A portrait of Mr. Beale was published in ' The Gardeners' Chronicle' of January 18, 1902, p. 49. Alfred AVilliam Bennett was born at Clapham, June 24, 1833. His father "William Bennett, a man of much energy and originality, had retired at an early age from business as a wholesale tea- dealer, and was a friend of Edward Newman and of the Doubledays : young Bennett consequently imbibed a love of natural history from his earliest years. During 1841-42 the whole family spent several months at a Pestalozzian school in Appenzell, but with this exception all of Bennett's education was entirely at home. In 1851 his home was removed to Brockham, midway bcjtvveen Eeigate and Dorking ; here his father's characteristic turn showed itself by his breeding emus to the third generation. At this time, and two or three years later, the subject of our notice, with his father and an elder brother, made some long walking tours in Wales and the western counties, and some of the results will be found recorded in the ' Phytologist,' vol. iv. (1851) pp. 312, 439, and the same volume (1852) pp. 757-758. On an excursion to the lakes, they called on Wordsworth, who took them up Fairfield to show them Silene acaulis in flower. Alfred Bennett attended classes at University College, and took his degi-ees of B.Sc. (1868) and M.A. (1855) at London University. In 1858 he married Katiierine, the daughter of William Eichardson, of Sunderland, and in the same year entered into business as a publisher and bookseller, opposite Bishopsgate Church. He made a speciality of photographic illustrations, such as those in H. B. George's ' With Ice-axe and Camera in the Bernese Oberland,' a volume on Yorkshire abbeys, and the like. He also published the poems of the 4th Lord De Tabley, then known as the Hon. Leicester Warren. In 1868 he gave up business, and on Feb. 6 of the same year he was elected Eellow of this Society : about this time he opened his house for ladies who came to London to study at Bedford College and elsewhere. Prom 1871-73 he wrote several papers on problems of ferti- lization, amongst them one in our own Journal on Parnassia (vol. ix. p. 315) ; these brought him under the notice of Charles Darwin, who encouraged him with his in\ ariable kindness. He contributed a synopsis of the Indian species of Polygalacece to Sir J. D. Hooker's ' Plora of British India,' vol. i. pp. 20U-211, issued in 1872, and of the larger series in the great ' Flora Brasiliensis •' in 1874, his contribution being fasc. 63, of 83 folio columns and 30 plates ; subsequent supplementary papers appeared in the ' Journal of Botany ' from time to time. In 1873 his father died. Two years later he went on a walking tour in Switzerland with Mr. J. G. Baker, F.E.S., and they recognized 200 species of flowering plants they neither had previously seen in a living state. LINNEAN SOCIETl" OF LONDON'. 27 Bennett's most important work was undoubirediv liis trans- lation of Sachs's ' Lehrbuch ' into Englisli, in which he was aided by Mr. (now Sir) "W. Thiselton-Dyer. It was published by the Clarendon Press in 1875, and had the greatest influence on the teaching of botany in England. In 1877 he translated and anno- tated Thome's 'Structural and Physiological Botany,' which reached :. second edition in 1885. In 1879-80 he brought out an English edition of Seboth's ' Alpenpflanzen nach der Natur geraalt,' in 4 vols, of 100 plates each ; and in 1882 he translated Dalla Torre's text to a better series of coloured plates, under the title of ' Tourist's (ruide to the Flora of the Austrian Alps.' His latest work in this direction was in 1897, ' Flora of the Alps,' in two volumes, the text being written up to previously prepared plates from Wooster's ' Alpine Plants.' Turning his attention to freshwater Algae, he published in volume xxiv. of our Journal (Botany) in 1887, pp. 49-61, a new classification of the genera, and a paper on the London species, with localities, in the Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. In conjunction with Mr. George Murray, he published in 1889 a ' Text-book of Cryptogamic Botany,' probably^ his most original work. For Dr. Masters he revised ' Cryptogamia " for the 4th ed. of 'Henfrey's Elementary Course.' Much of his energy was employed in ways which do not appeal to the eye so much as the foregoing. For many years he was Lecturer on Botany at St. Thomas's Hospital and Bedford College ; for four years he was biologic sub-editor of ' Nature,' and he was also botanic reviewer and notice-writer in the 'Academy.' For part of one session he was sub-editor of our Journal (1874). He joined the Eoyal Microscopical Society in 1879, and thenceforward contributed to the pages of its 'Journal" the sunnnaries of the botanic papers contained in it ; lie also filled various offices in the Society, as Councillor and Vice-President. For thirty years he was a constant visitor to our meetings, though, in recent years, he visually left early. His death was unexpected and sudden ; he was going home from one of his usual visits to the Savile Club, when he expired on the top of an omnibus ; autopsy revealed extensive disease of the heart. Fie was buried on January 28, 1902, at Isleworth, where a few years before he laid his wife to rest ; they had no family. By request to his executors, Mr. Bennett directed that the Linnean Society should select 20 volumes from his library of works not in our possession, a second choice to the Royal Micro- scopical Society, and the third to his lifelong friend Mr. John Gilbert Baker. Our Librarian accordingly selected fourteen volumes, which are inscribed with the name of their former owner. Dr. JoHK Cockle, whose death occurred on Wednesday, No- vember 14, 1901, at his residence. The Lodge, West Molesey, was one of the oldest members of the medical profession, having 28 PROCEEDINGS OP THE qualified as a licentiate of the Society o£ Apothecaries in 183-Jj and as a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1835. Afterwards he studied for some time in Scotland, and in 1846 graduated as M.A. and as M.D. at King's College, Aberdeen, taking his Fellowship of the Eoyal College of Surgeons in the following year. He became a Member of the Eoyal College of Physicians of London in 1851, and a Fellow of that College in 1869. For many years Dr. Cockle was connected with the Grrosvenor-place School of Medicine (now incorporated with the medical school of St. George's Hospital), first as lecturer on pathology, and subsequently as lecturer on medicine at the time Mr. (afterwards Sir) Spencer Wells was lecturing on the principles and practice of surgery. During the outbreak of cholera in 1866, Dr. Cockle had many cases of this disease from one of the most infected districts in London under his care and treatment at the Eoyal Free Hospital, of which he was then physician. In 1873 he delivered the centenary address of the Medical Society of London, selecting for his subject "A Eeview of some recent Doctrines concerning the Mind." He subsequently held the office of councillor, and in 1897 president of that Society. Dr. Cockle contributed many valuable papers on diseases of the heart and of the organs of respiration to the Transactions of the Medical Societies and Journals. He also edited Weber's ' Manual of Auscultation,' and was the author of an essay on the poison of the Cobra di capello, and of several medical pamphlets. He was elected Fellow of the Linnean Society March 18, 1858, and was also a Fellow of the Eoyal Medical & Chirurgical Society, of the Eoyal Astronomical Society, and of the Society of Antiquaries, and. a Corresponding Member of the Philosophical Society of Queensland, and of the Society of Scientific Medicine, Berlin, He was buried at Brompton Cemetery, November 20, 1901. Colonel Sir Heivry Collett, K.C.B., was present at our last Anniversary Meeting, and took part in it, by moving the vote of thanks to the President for his Address. Although it was evident from his appearance that his health was much impaired by his recent illness, the news of his death on 21st December, 1901, was a sudden shock to his many friends. He was born on March 6, 1836, and obtained his early education at Tonbridge School ; he entered the Bengal Army in his twentieth year, and served in Lidia for a period of nearly forty years. He was quite young in service when the Indian Mutiny broke out, and the next year, 1858, he took part in the Sittana Expedition, on the North-west Frontier. In the Jaintea war of 1862-63 he was badly wounded in the ankle, which necessitated the use of an iron support, causing him to walk with some difficulty the rest of his life. In 1867-68 he took part in the Abyssinian war, and there first became acquainted with the present Earl Eoberts of Candahar. On the outbreak of the second Afghan war in 1878, the then Sir Frederick Eoberts procured the LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDO^T. 29 attachment of Major Collett of the 23rd Pioneers to his column as Assistant Quarter-Master-General. He remained in that capacity for two years, and his valuable work was acknowledged by his chief, who said that it was by means of information gained by Collett which enabled Eoberts to turn the strong Afghan position on the Peiwar Kotal, by adopting the Spingawi route. Though he began to study botany in 1877, it was during this expedition that Collett seems first to have seriously taken up the subject, his previous favourite pursuits having been astronomy and physics. Brigade-Surgeon Aitchison proposed to Collett early in 1879 that he should be attached to the column which Avas destined to advance on Cabul ; the results of this expedition were published in our Journal (Botany), vol. xviii.(1880)pp. 1-113. Late in that year Collett paid a flying visit to England, but left hurriedly to take up his duties in connection with the Afghan expedition of 1880, At this time he had only collected such plants as seemed new to him, but in 1885 he became involved in much more earnest work. That summer the Simla Naturalists' Society was founded, and Collett was an original member. He collected assiduously in the neighbourhood, and his herbarium thus formed afterwards served as the base for his main botanical work, and was later given by his family to the Eoyal Gardens, Kew. His first printed botanic paper came out in the defunct Journal of the Society just mentioned. Collett had command of a brigade in Burma in 1887-88, and he found new ground to explore botanically in the Southern Shan States. Here he made a good collection, which was worked out jointly bj' Mr. "W. B. Hemsley and himself, the results being published in our Journal (Botany), vol. xxviii. (1890) pp. 1-150, pis. 1-22, in which 725 species of phanerogams were enumerated. From this region he also introduced into cultivation two very striking plants — Rosa gigantea, the largest single-flowered rose known, the flowers being from 5 to 6 inches across ; and Lonicera Bildehrcnidiana, an equally gigantic honeysuckle, the tube of the flower sometimes attaining the length of 7 inches. He also suc- ceeded in introducing two remarkable orchids into cultivation, Bidhojjhyllii^in racemosum and Cirrhopetcdum CoUetiii. In the same memoir the genus KeocoUetia was established by Mr. Hemsley to commemorate the collector. All these are figured in the paper above cited. For the next few years Collett was very much occupied with professional matters. In 1891 he commanded the punitive expe- dition to Manipur and acted as Chief Commissioner of Assam, holding the local and temporary rank of Major-General, resuming his regimental rank on the completion of his task. Shortly before his retirement from the Army in 1893 he was made K.CB. ; but though higher advancement was then within his reach, he decided to retire, one strong reason being his increasing deafness. After his final return to England, about 1895, he began his first draft of the projected Flora of Simla. Gradually he shaped 3° PROCEEDINGS or THE the mauuscript, devoting three or four days a week to work in the Herbarium at the Royal Gardens, Kew, where tha fuller material and splendid library were utilized by him. His usual method was to work from ten in the forenoon to about three in the afternoon, and then, putting aside his plants and papers, he salhed forth for an hoar's walk in the Gardens before taking train for home. lu common with most militar}^ men, Collett held sanguine A^ews of the early supremacy of the British arms, when the Boer war broke out in 1899. He keenly felt the reverses whicli the late autumn of that year witnessed, aud the black week of December, which included the repulse at Colenso, told heavily upon his health and spirits : he lost his rest, and with it his elasticity of mind. In spite of this, he had not only completed the manuscript to the end, but had begun a reworking of the early orders, so as to profit by his later experience. The illustrations had been drawn, and many of the blocks prepared, and the first part of the manu- script had been put into the printer's hands, when he went to Ii'eland for a short holiday. It is supposed that he must have overfatigued himself ; at any rate, soon after his return home he had a paralytic stroke, from which he slowly recovered. The traces of his severe illness were upon him when he was last in these rooms ; he suffered repeatedly from weakness of the heart's action, and eventually passed away from a fatal failure, at his residence at Cranley Gardens. He was elected into our Society December 4, 1879. The modesty, which was a marked feature of our deceased Fellow's character, prevented him from being widely known in the Society ; but many must remember how, when a botanical paper V as to be read, he would take a seat as near to the essayist as possible, that he might lose as few remarks as possible. His bright and kindly disposition and charm of manner were felt by all who came in contact with him, and they will ever chei-ish a warm recollection of the old soldier-botanist. The work to which he devoted the closing years of his life is now passing through the press, under the care of Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer aud Mr. W. Botting Hemsley ; each has therein put on record his impression of the author's personality, and from the unpublished introduction to the ' Flora Simlensis' the writer has been permitted to add much to the foregoing appreciation. Collett was also acquainted with the plants of South Europe, Algeria, the Canaries, Java, Japan, the Sandwich Islands, the United States, and Canada, all of which he had visited for botanic purposes. Thomas Combeb was born at Pernambuco, Brazil, on the 1 4th November, 1837, the eldest son of Edward Comber, of Myddleton Hall, Warrington, Lancashire. He was educated chiefly at Whitchurch, in Shropshire, entered into commercial life at an early age, spent several years in India, and came home LIXXEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 3 1 to carry on the business of a merchant in Liverpool and ^Manchester. Attached to the study of natural history, Mr. Comber especially devoted himself to the Diatomaceae. As far back as 1860 he brought out in the ' Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ' a list of Liverpool Diatomaceae, but a period of thirty years elapsed before he again resumed scientific publication. In 1894 he commented on the uncertainty of some characters used in specific diagnosis in the Diatomaceae, followed by three papers on similar topics, in 1895-97. He drew up the list of Diatomaceae collected by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola in 1853-61, which appeared in 1901, forming pages 382-395 of the second volume devoted to the collections of the traveller mentioned, issued by the Trustees of the British Museum. He retired from business about two years before his death, which took place at his residence, Leigliton, Parkgate, near Chester, on 24th January, 1902 ; he became a Fellow of this Society, 2nd May, 1878. Carl Eduakd Ceamek was born on 4th March, 183], in Ziirich at " Zum Weinberg in L'nterstrass," a house built by his father in the early part of the century from the proceeds of the sale of a mill on the banks of theLimmat, which had been in the possession of several generations of his ancestors. He was the youngest of the family, and survived all his sisters and his brother. His mother, Magdalene Burkhard before her marriage, is described as a woman of superior parts, and an admirable mother to her children. His devotion to natural history dated from his schooldays in the Gymnasium of his native town ; many of his holidays were spent at an imcle's at Grreifensee, where he collected plants, beetles, and butterflies, and ransacked the collections in the house. At nights he was instructed in the use of the astronomical telescope, and at other times shown how to use the microscope. From the Gymnasium he passed to the Industrieschule ; he then had the notion of becoming a chemist, and his first publication in 1850-52 is on a chemical topic. Thence he went to the University of Zurich, where he met with Xiigeli, Heer,Eegel, and the lichenolo- gist Hepp, and by whose lectures and teaching Cramer profited. Amongst these, Nageli's influence was the greatest, and Cramer may be ranked as a distinguished pupil of a professor who had also as pupils such men as Schwendener, Leitgeb, Kny, and Correus. Cramer's chief work belongs to Niigeli's school, and he remained constant to its ideas and methods throughout his career, and his biography of his master, issued in 1896, is an excellent exposition of the same. In 1852 Niigeli was invited to Freiburg-im-Breisgau, and was accompanied by Cramer; in 1855 the latter graduated at that University, his Dissertation being entitled " Botanische Beitriige," which was also pubHshed as the third Heft of the ' Pflanzen- physiologische Untersuchungen ' of Xiigeli and Cramer, in the 32 PEOCEEDiyGS OT THE same year : the fourth and concluding Heft was also from Cramer's pen. The same year saw his habilitation at Zurich ; and the year following, 1S56, lie carried out a long tour in Italy as far south as Palermo, where he collected material for his algological studies. On his return home he was attaciied by inflammation of the lungs, which was at first neglected, but by extreme care and medical skill he was entirely set up again. JfiigeU was called in 1S56 to the chair of General Botany in the newly established Polytechnic at Ziirich, and he accepted this with the view of securing the reversion of it to Cramer. This actually happened in 1S61, for after Zsiigeli was called to Munich in 1860, Cramer was appointed his successor, with seniority of October 1860 : here he remained during the remainder of his life. This yeaj" also witnessed his marriage with Frl. Aline Kesselriug; two daughters and a son resulted from this union, but Cramer had the sorrow to see them die before him ; his wife predeceased him in 1885. The professorial activity of Cramer at the Federal Polytechnic extended over 44 years, during which period he must have initiated about 240C' pupils into botanic study. Pourteen of these who had become fellow-professors, some already grey-headed, on his 70th birthday in March 1901. again seated themselves on the benches in his class-room, in celebration of the day. Cramers lectiu-es and work embraced wellnigh the whole extent of botany — morphology, anatomy, physiology, cryptogamy with bacteriology, the phenomena of polarized light, microscopical teaching, taxonomy, and its application to forestry and agriculture. The care he bestowed on preparation for his lectures was immense, and large accumulations of notes and drawings, mostly unpublished, evidence the anxious exactness of his daily work. He was a remorseless critic of his own performances, and endeavoured to jjive an accurate, condensed statement of the facts he had to impart. "When busy on some problem which he had failed to solve, he is described as being absent-minded, hesitating, and melancholy, but the end in view attained, he became accessible, livelv and chatty. He was able to work until close upon his death. On 11th November. 1900, he had a microscopical demon- stration in the forenoon ; in the same evening he had a warning apoplectic stroke, and on the 24th ^Xovember he quietly passed away without regaining consciousness. The rest of Cramer's career consisted of the duties of his chair, and the publication of his memoirs ; the total number recorded by his pupil Dr. Schrtiter, in his ample and appreciative account of his old professor iu the ' Yerhandlungen der Schweizer natur- forschenden Gesellschaft,' 1901, amounts to 59, extending from 1851 to 1896. Of these may be mentioned the following : — in conjunction with Xageli the ' Pflanzenphysiologische Unter- suchungen,' the last two parts by Cramer alone, and the fourth having 13 plates lithographed by the author himself ; this was devoted to the Cemmiacese, on which he published a later memoir in the ' Denkschriften,* entitled '• Phvsiologisch-svstematische LDTXEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDO^-. 33 Uutersuchuiigea liber d. Ceramiaceeu ' iu l^G^. He interested himself in teratology, with a view to gaining an insight into the morphology of normal organs ; he cited all the known monstrous cases recorded for the seven Orders Conifers, Smiiaceae, Primu- laceae, Compositae, Umbelliferae, Eanunculaceae, and Leguminosae, with an exposition of new observations illustrated on 16 plates ; to this he added a chapter on the morphology of the nucleus, a subject which has since become extremely prominent. The collections he made in his young days were utilized also by his contributions to E-abeuhorst's Exsiccata, and in Wartmann and Schenk's Swiss issues, many ot his new species of Algae being distributed in this way. He was a member of many Societies at home and abroad, and much valued the Foreign ^lembership of our Society, to which he was elected 7th May, 1S91. 3Iuch of the foregoing account has been condensed from Dr. Schroter's obituary notice, previously mentioned : it seems curious that no other publication seems to have done more than merely record the death of a worker of conspicuous merit. AVe have to record the death, at Wanganui, Xew Zealand, on December ISth, 1901, of Mr. SiiruEL Hen-bt Deew. a Fellow of this Society since February 4, 1S97. The late Mr, Drew, who was only 57 at the time of his death, was not actuallv a Xew Zealauder born, but he arrived in the Colony as a mere boy with his father, and his interests grew up with those of the land of his adoption. His father was a jeweller of some repute in this country, who had decided to emigrate and to carrv on his business abroad. He accordingly settled in the thriving city of Xelson. where he soon estabhshed the leading business in his line. Amidst the cares and anxieties of his calling he found time to devote to Xatural History, and made some interesting collections of birds and plants. His son. Samuel, who had imbibed his tastes, removed in ISSOfrom Xelson to "W'ancranui, where with his yoimger brother he established a branch of the same business, which, up to the time of ]\Ir. Drew's death, proved to be a very lucrative one. Mr. Drew's chief competitor at the first was Mr. John Ballance, who afterwards devoted himself to politics and, in the end. became Prime Minister of Xew Zealand, vacating that post only at his death. The subject of our notice, once established in Wauganui, actively commenced the formation of a private collection illustrative of the Xatural History and Ethnology of the Colony. In the prosecution of this he was most enthusiastic and successful. At length the collection got beyond the limits of his house, and Mr. Drew then proposed to hand it over to the Town as the nucleus of a public museum. At the request of the Government, it was valued by Sir James Hector, the Director- General of the Geological Survey Department, and Mr. Drew asrreed to accept iu cash one-half of the declared value, gi\"ing the other moiety to the object he had so much at heart. The LETN*. see. PBOCEEDESGS. — SESSIOX 1901-1902. d 34 PEOCEEDINGS OF TTTE public was appealed to for f iiucls and responded very liberally. A fine building was erected in a central position, and Mr. Drew undertook liimself the duties and responsibilities of Hon. Curator. To this work he devoted himself, in the most unselfish and unsparing ^vay, obtaining collections by gift and purchase from abroad, travelling in Australia and collecting himself, and placing all his townsfolk under perpetual contribution. Concentrating every hour he could spare from his increasing business to this labour of love, he succeeding in forming in less than ten years one of the most interesting museums in the Colony. In addition to the routine work of his ofllce as Curator, he gave popular entertainments, delivered lectures, and did everything in his power to make the Museum an educational institution, especiall}'" for the young ; and his efforts were crowned with a large measure of success. Death, from a sudden attack of heart disease on December 18th, 1901, found him busy at his work and full of plans for the future. Without a moment's warning, he dropped down dead in his own shop, — much lamented by his townspeople, for whom he had done so much, and leaving behind him in the Wanganui Museum, of which he was the founder, a memorial of A\hich his family may well be proud. He spent some years of his life exploring the post-tertiary deposits on the banks of the Wanganui Eiver, and furnished valuable collections of fossil shells to the other Museums. His collection of New Zealand fishes (all prepared bv himself) is perhaps the finest in the Colony. [W. L. BULLEE.] The death of Sir Joseph Henry GtILBERT at Harpenden on December 23, 1901, removes from our midst the survivor of the renowned Lawes and Gilbert experiments, which have been conducted under the originators for nearly sixty years. Sir Joseph Gilbert was a native of Hull, and was born there in 1817, his father beiug a nonconformist minister. His mother, Ann Gilbert, came of the Taylors of Ougar, and was one of the two sisters, Ann and Jane Taylor, whose nursery poems have been familiar to children for foiu' generations. A gunshot accident at school practically disabled one of his eyes for life, and much of his literary work in after-days had to be dictated. From school he went to Glasgow University, and there studied Chemistry under Anthony Todd Thomson ; and here he seems to have first met with Mr. John Lawes, whose name was to be so firmly connected with his own. From Glasgow he went to Giesseu, where Liebig was Professor of Chemistry, and here he took his degree Ph.D. in 1840. Dr. Gilbert after this returned to his fomner teacher at Glasgow, and acted as his assistant for a short time, leaving him in 1841 to take up calico-printing and dyeing near Manchester. The year 1843 witnessed the introduction of Dr. Gilbert to what we must deem the work of his life, his association with Mr., afterwards Sir, John Bennet Lawes, Bart., of Eothamsted. LIXXEAX SOCIETY OF LOyDO>\ 35 It is imiversally admitted that this partiiership was au ideal one — Lawes was well-\ersed iu farming, Gilbert in the scientific side of the problems which presented themselves. He was well- equipped, too, for controversy with German professors and critics of the work done at Eothamsted, for he kept himself acquainted with foreign methods and workers. The contents of the volumes of papers which were unceasingly produced were largely due to Gilbert, though in botanic poiuts he had the help, among others, of Dr. Masters, F.E.S,, and Mr. W. B. Hemsley, F.E.S. He was elected F.L.S. November IS, 1875, but his membership of other Societies was of much older standing. He became a I'ellow of the Chemical Society in 1841, was its President 1882- 83, and at the time of his death was its oldest Fellow. He was elected into the Eoyal Society in 1860, and served on its Council, and in 1867, he, in conjunction with Lawes, received a Koyal Medal. At Swansea, in 1880, he was President of the Chemical Section of the British Association, taking as the subject of his address the applications of chemistry to agriculture. From 18S-t to 1890, Dr. Gilbert was Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy at Oxford ; in 1893 he was knighted (Knight Bachelor). Sir Joseph Gilbert was the recipient of other tokens of esteem : honorary degrees from various Universities, and membership of Academies and similar institutions. It was unfortunate that his idiosyncracy did not permit of a younger worker engaging in investigation by his side, and thus become trained to carry on the work begun by the elder ; ever a solitary worker, he leaves no direct successor at Harpenden. The funeral at Harpenden on December 27, 1901, was largely attended by scientific men, many represe)iting various Societies ; our own was represented by Professor G. B. Howes, F.E.S., Sec.L.S. An admirable photogravure portrait of our late Fellow is issued with the April part of the ' Agricultural Students' Gazette,' at Cirencester. Dr. Egbert Haetig, son of Theodor Hartig, of Brunswick, and grandson of Georg Ludwig Hartig, who laid the main foundations of the present Forestry system in Prussia, came, as will be seen by the above, of a family devoted to forestry. He was born at Brunswick on 30th May, 1839 ; and resolving even before he left the Gymnasium to devote his life to forestry, he spent the two years 1859-61 in travel through Germany, and then in studying under his father the various points wliich were considered essential to the successful forester. In 1864 he entered the forest service of Brunswick, and in the year following he produced his first work, on the out-turn of certain trees, the red beech, oak, fir, and pine. In 1866 he quitted public service, and took his doctor's degree at Marburg; the next year he was called to c/2 36 PROCEEDIKGS OE THE Neustadt-Eberswakle Forest Academy, near Berlin, as lecturer on Botany and Zoology, which was restricted in 1871 to Botany alone. "Whilst here he gained celebrity by the publication of an important work proving that the diseases of forest trees were often due to parasitic fungi. At that time it was the generally accepted theory among scientific foresters in Germany, that fungi were rather the result of morbid conditions, than the primary cause of disease in forest trees. The publication of Hartig's ' Wichtige Krankheiten der Waldbaumen : Beitrage zur Mykologie und Phytopathologie fiir Botaniker und Forstmanner,' Berlin, in 1874, was the cause of controversy, before the results of which this book was the record, were accepted. When in 1878 the Faculty of Forestry in the University of Munich was formed, E-obert Hartig was called to the Chair of Botany, and remained there till his death. Since the date of this appointment he has been a continuous and prolific author of articles and pamphlets on forest botany, questions on the growth of trees, the quality of timber produced under given conditions, and on many other matters connected with the investigation of the experimental stations at different centres of forest science throughout Germany. During this period his two largest publications were : his ' Lehrbuch der Baumkrankheiten,' Berlin, 1882, of which the third edition came out in 1900 as ' Lehrbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten,' and appeared in an English version by Dr. W. W. Somerville, revised by Prof. H. Marshall Ward, in 1894 as the ' Text-book of the Diseases of Trees,' a standard work; and his 'Die Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen,' 1891, with special reference to those facts of importance to the forester. Notwithstanding Hai'tig's valuable contributions to the literature of mycology, forest botany, and science applied to tree culture, his greatest field has perhaps been in the lecture-room and his well-equipped laboratory at Munich, because there one of the main branches of his professorial work lay in connection with vegetable physiology, which is, and must always be, the main foundation underlying the arts of forestry and agriculture. His latest independent work, ' Holzuntersuchungen : Altes und Neues,' came out in 1901, a year which found him in weakened health; in the summer he regained a measure of his lost strength by a sojourn in the neighbourhood of the Lake of Brienz, but in the evening of October 9 a sudden stroke of apoplexy proved fatal. He was buried on the 12th of the same month at the new Schwabinger Friedhof at Munich, in the presence of a large concourse of mourners. Kobert Hartig was elected Foreign Member, May 3, 1888. For the foregoing details the writer is indebted to Freiherr von Tubeuf, son-iu-law of the deceased professor, who, in response to a special appeal, was obliging enough to send two necrologies from forestry publications (Eobert Hartig : Ein N achruf von Dr. E. Cieslar ; separatabdr. aus dem Januarheft der ' Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen,' 1902 ; and another, by Dr. C. P. Meinecke, aus LIXXEAJf SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 37 der Allg. Forst- uud Jagd-Zeitung, April-Heft, 1902) : and to Dr. Nisbet, \vho also furnished some memoranda of the work done by our late Foreign Member. George S-VMUEfi Jexmax was born in 1857, in the South of England, but was taken as a child \\ith his parents to the South of Ireland, where his boyhood was passed. He started in life as a young gardener, and obtained employment at the Eoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on 20th September, 1871. On 6th September, 1873, he left that establishment to take charge of the Cinchona plantations in Jamaica, where he remained until he was appointed Government Botanist and Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens of Britisli Guiana, on August 21, 1879, at a salary of .£400 per annum. He reorganized the Gardens, bringing into high cultivation what was previously waste land, and making them one of the finest and most valuable botanic gardens in that part of the world. He spent much time and energy in experiments on the growth of plants of tropical climates ; but he is especially known for his work on seedling sugar-canes, at first by himself, afterwards in conjunction with the Government Chemist, Mr. J. B. Harrison. He devoted mucli time to other departments of natural history, and in various publications, in Guiana and elsewhere, he employed his pen to good purpose. About the end of 1901, Mr. Jenman's health began to fail ; in January of this year he was confined to his room, with a complica- tion of heart and lung troubles, which ended fatally on February 28, 1902. The Government of British Guiana, recognizing that his impaired health was due to a protracted residence in tropical climates, had arranged for a long period of leave, so that he might spend the wdiole of the ensuing summer in England. It was his intention to retire on the termination of this leave, but the state of his health prevented him quitting Demerara as intended, and he died as recorded. He left one daughter, but his wife had died some j^ears before. His collection of West Indian and South American plants is understood to be a good one, and will pi'obably be disposed of fo? the benefit of his daughter. Hexei de L.vcaze-Duthiees, Member of the Institute of France, Foreign Member of the Eoyal Society, died at Las Fons in Perigovd on July 21, 1901, in his SOth year. He was for over 50 years an ardent investigator of the Invertebrata. Commencing with the Tracheata, he throughout the period named produced a rapidly recurring series of memoirs, for the greater part his own, but at times in co-operation with his students, who were numerous. He was the founder of a famous School, in which many zoologists now well known in France were trained. In 1872 he established, in connection with this, the 'Archives de Zoologie Experimental et Generale,' now in its third series ; and it is but necessary to scan 38 PKOCEEDI>"GS OF THE its pages, to apjireciate the energy and untiring devotion with which he laboured and led. Chief among Lacaze's researches are those on the Ccelenterata and Mollusca. His ' Histoire jN'aturelle du Corail ' is famous if only as giving an account of CoraUium ruli'iau, in Avhich its structure, reproduction, larva, and economies are all set forth. Gemrdia and Antijxitharia were in turn monographed, in a highly characteristic manner ; and the morphological climax was reached in 1872, in his classic on the order of appearance of the mesenteries, which lies at the foundation of our modern knowledge of the morphology of the Sea-Anemones and Corals. Among Mollusca, Anomia, Ilcdioiis, Ostrcea, Pleurobranchus, T'rochus, are conspicuous for his care. His ' Memoire sur la Pourpe ' is a classic of great renown ; but amidst all that he did in the treatment of this group, his monograph on Dentaliian, memor- able alike for tlie study of both the anatomy and development of the genus, stands prominent to-day, in correlation with the recent discoveries of Drew and Pruvot, which seem to show that in the early larva which he described Lacaze ^^"as dealing with a funda- mental form of far-reaching significance. Marine Annelids, Crinoids, and Brachiopods, in turn came under his sway. In the treatment of the genus Laura, he created a new departure in the study of the Cirripedia ; and among his lesser contributions may be cited those on Astroides, Testacella, and Asjiergillum , all of which will long endure. As a manipulator, Lacaze possessed remarkable powers, and it is said of him that with a clean-cut of a knife he would lay bare so delicate and deep-seated an organ as the statocyst of a mollusc. Pity '"tis, however, that, possessed of this manellous skill, he did not further employ the microscope. In the lack of histological desire, he appears to have developed an ill-balanced attitude of mind, such as can alone explain the extraordinary pertinacity with which, in later life, he maintained the ^iew that the Ascidians are of Lamellibranch affinity, last expressed in a monograph on the Cynthiidse of Roscoff, produced in conjunction with his former pupil Delage, whose views were contrary to his own. The discussion which accompanies his paper of 1865 on the valved Tunicate CJievridius (Ehodosoma), would seem to bear reference to this, and the principle is one which we could apply in the case of other zoologists who might be named. There is no phase of Lacaze-Duthier's career more memorable than his early endeavours in the furtherance of Marine Eesearch. The Marine Zoological Laboratories at Eoscolf in Brittany, and at Banyuls-sur-Mer on the Mediterranean coast of Prance, which he founded, and with the Coi'poration of the Soi'bonne and the Muni- cipal Council of Banyuls maintahied, will ever be remembered as those of a pioneer. In their foundation, provision was made for the education of the student of youthful years as well as for the prosecution of original research by those the more mature, with the result that a world-wide reputation was early established, under LINXEAN SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 39 which tliere were drawn unto the great French Xaturalist students and workers of well-nigh all nationalities, some notion of whom Jiiay be gathered from the list of subscribers to Lacaze's pre- sentation portrait of 1889. Lacaze was a Professor successively at the Faculte des Sciences of Lille, at the Ecole Xormale, and the Museum and Faculte des Sciences of Paris. ]\[uch of his later work was devoted to the study of the Molluscau nervous system; and here again, repetition of his observations has shown that, if he had employed the micro- scope, certain broader points of difference from his juniors, who were his contemporaries in the field of investigation, might have been avoided. He received honours at all hands. As a man, he was genial and witty. His presence and appearance M-ere of that vigorous and aristocratic type to be found only among a cei'taiu class of French- men ; and his striking personality, which can never be forgotten by those to whom he was known, in itself contributed to his lasting fame as an indomitable worker and enthusiast. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Linnean Society on May 1, 1862. In the death of Joay Clatell Ma^'sel-Pletdell, the Linnean Society has lost one of those cotmtry gentlemen, who, without being acknowledged authorities in any one branch of natural history, possess a good working knowledge of many branches, especially in the iield. Our late Fellow was born in 1817, the eldest son of Colonel Mansel of Smealmore ; he was educated at private schools, and St. John's College, Cambridge. He was twice married, first, in 1849 to Isabel, daughter of F. C. A . Colvile of Barton House, AVarwickshire, and second, to Mary, sister of the 1st Baron Leigh ; for thirty years he was in the Queen's Own Yeomanry, and as a large landowner of 8000 acres, he was emphatically a country squire. He threw himself enthusi- astically into antiquarian and field natural history pursuits, was President of the Dorset jSatural History and Antiquarian Field Club for a long series of years, from its foundation in 1875 to his death ; and produced many memoirs and independent works of local value. Amongst them may be instanced his ' Flora of Dorset ' in 1874, of which a second edition came out in 1895 ; the ' Birds of Dorsetshire,' 1888 ; the ' Fossil Eeptiles of Dorset,' 1888 ; he also was author of the ' Geology of Dorsetshire,' and an accotmt of the Mollusca of the same county in 1898. He was elected into oiu' Society June 16, 1870 ; he was also a Fellow of the Greologicai Society from 1857, besides which he was a Deptity Lieutenant, and a Justice of the Peace for his county. To those who knew the elderly, but hale and vigorous naturalist, it seems almost whimsical to record that he A^as the heir pre- sumptive of his first cousin twice-removed. Sir Courteriay Cecil Mansel, 11th Baronet. 40 PEOCEEDIIfGS OJF THE Mr. Mansel-Pleydell died at his seat, Whatcombe, Blaudford, on May 2, 1902. A portrait of him in his Teomanry uniform is prefixed to the first volume of the 'Proceedings' of the Dorset Field Club in 1877, and a more recent one in Journ. Bot. xi. (1902) p. 261. William Maetindale, the third son of Eichard Martindale, farmer, of Stainton, near Carlisle, was born in 1840, educated at a private school in Carlisle, and in 1856 Avas apprenticed to his •uncle William Martindale, who had a large business as a druggist in the market-place. Two years later his uncle died, and the term of apprenticeship was finished with Andrew Thompson of English Street, in the same city. On the expiry of his apprenticeship he came to the South Coast for the benefit of his health, and then, when 22, he came to London, passing through the School of Pharmacy, Bloomsbury Square, whence, after qualifying, he became assistant to Messrs. Morson of Southampton Eow, in whose house he remained some years. He then became dispenser and teacher of pharmacy at University College Hospital, and demonstrator of materia medica at University College. In 1873 he purchased a business in New Cavendish Street, and thenceforward devoted himself to strenuous work on behalf of his calling. In conjunc- tion with Dr. Wynn Westcott, he produced a volume ' Extra Pharmacopoeia,' which came out in 1883, and was so greatly appreciated as to be now in its tenth edition, very much increased in bulk and usefulness from the first issue. In his calling he was singularly energetic. For ten years he was a member of the Pharmaceutical Society's Board of Examiners for England and Wales. In 1889 he was on the Council of that Society, and in 1898 President. Ill-health compelled him to seek rest and change in the West Indies and South Africa, but abso- lute rest seems to have been foreign to him. Amongst his latest work was that on the Privy Couiicil's Poisons Committee. Over- work and ceaseless worry brought on nervous depression, which led to his ending his life by poison, 2nd February, 1902. He was twice President of the British Pharmaceutical Confer- ence, a member of the Council of the Royal Botanic Society, and as such interested himself in a scheme for the improvement of botanic teaching in London. His election to our Society was so recently as March 18, 1897; he was also a Fellow of the Chemical Society, a Member of the Society of Arts, and of the Sussex Archaeological Society, and a Baron of the Cinque Ports ; the last by virture of having served as Mayor of Winchelsea. Dr. William Miller Oed, formerly a consulting physician of St. Thomas's Hospital, died at his son's house at Salisbury, on 14th May, 1902. He was born in 1834 in London, and received his medical training in St. Thomas's Hospital, which then stood at the foot of London Bridge, on the Surrey side. He entered this institution in 1852, and was most successful in gaining prizes and LIXXEAX SOCIETY OF XOXDOX. 4 1 scholarships ; he remained connected with the Hospital for fifty \ears, and during that term he filled almost every position on the stafe. He became M.B. of London in 1857, Member of the Eoyal College of Physicians in 1869, a Fellow in 1875, and a Doctor of Medicine in 1877. His literary activities were chiefly confined to his profession, but in the seventies he was active in promoting natural history research in local societies. Apart from his hospital studies, he acted as examiner in Medicine at the Universities of Cambridge and Loudon. On his retirement Irom practice, he settled at Andover, and it was while on a visit to a neighbouring cathedral city that he passed a^ay. His connection with the Linnean Society dated from January 18th, 1877; and he became a Fellow of the Eoyal Microscopical Society in 1871). Thomas Glazebkook Ei"la>'ds, whose death was reported at the last Anniversary Meeting, was born in Wai-rington, 24th Mav, 1818, the second son of John Eylands by his second wife, Martha, daughter of the Eev. James Glazebrook, Vicar of Belton, Leicester- shire. He came of an old Lancashire stock, well known for the pubhc spirit of its members, and was educated at Warrington Grammar School. On the retirement of the father in 1843 from the business of wire manufacturer, the firm was reconstituted under the name of Eylands Brothers, which in 1868 became converted into a company. Of his friends in or near Manchester in middle hfe, we find mentioned T. W. Barlow, Prof. W. C. "Williamson, Mr. Side- botham, Leo H. Grindon, and other naturalists ; while from his early years a close friendship existed between him and "William AVilson, author of ' Bryologia Britannica." Collections and anno- tated notebooks of that time are extant, and show his enthusiasm for field pursuits. In the study of Diatoms, he corresponded with Prof. G. A. W. Arnott, Sir W. J. Hooker, Dr. E. K. Greville, John Ealfs, Dr. W. B. Carpenter, Tuffen West, Dr. G. C. Wallich, Brebisson of Falaise, and many others. For several years from 1858, all his spare time was given up to microscopic study of these minute plants ; and from Dr. Greville alone, by 1861, he is stated to have received more than 1200 slides, chiefly of British forms. Dr. Greville on his death in 1866 left Mr. Eylands 700 bottles of Diatoms, and his entire collection of 2000 or 3000 shdes, but after the death of Arnott in 1868, little more microscopical work was done by Evlands. His correspondents in phanerogamic botany comprised H. C. Watson of Thames Ditton, G. W. Francis, G. E. Dennes, Secretary of the Botanical Society of London, Edward Xewman, and Edward Forbes. His herbarium is still in good preservation. The earliest paper on natural history which he published seems to have been *' On the Varieties of British Ferns, and the diagnoses of Allied Species,*' in the ' xS atm-alist ' for lb39 ; he recorded ^udmgAdiantum CajnUiis- Veneris in the Isle of Man, in the ' Phytologist ' for 1842 ; and in the same journal for 1842 he had two papers on Moiwtrajjci Hypopitys, the second on what is 42 PEOCEEBINGS OP THE now known as mycorhiza on its roots. He contributed in 1859 and 1860 to the ' Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science.' At this time he resuraed entomological pursuits, then took meteoro- logical observations, and lectured on local geology; even astronomy claimed him as a votary. The Wai-riiDgton Natural History Society was founded in 1838, and Mr. Eylands was a founder, and the Museum owed miich to his support and liberality. He was twice married, first on 24:th May 1845, to his second cousin, Miss Eagg, who met with a carriage accident in 1851, and died in 1856 ; and second, to Miss Dewhurst, 186u, who survives ; one daughter remains. Five years before his death he had a severe attack of influenza, and a second attack was fatal after two days' illness. He quietly sank on 14th February, 1900, and was cremated, the funeral urn being buried in Thelwall churchyard. He became a Fellow of oin- Society 20th February, 1802 ; he was also a Fellow of the Astronomical Society (1866) and of three other Astronomical associations ; of the Society of Antiquaries (1877) ; lioyal Asiatic Society (1870) ; Eoyal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (1890); and Eoyal Irish Academy (1885); besides numerous other local societies. He possessed a large working library, collections of maps, and apparatus. Of his civic appoint- ments may be mentioned Mayor of "Warrington (1858), Justice of the Peace in the same year, and Alderman more than once. The foregoing notice has been dra« n up from a privately printed memoir with a portrait, compiled by Mr. R. D. Radcliffe. AViLLiAM Feedeeick Sauxdees was born at East Hill, Wands- worth, on the 7th April, 1834, and died at his residence 5 Alder- brook-road, Clapham Common, on the 26th December, 1901, in the 69th year of his age, after five days' illness from pneumonia, and was buried (after cremation) in the Brookwood cemetery. He was the eldest son of the late W. Wilson Saunders, F.E.S., for many years Treasurer of the Linnean Society, and, like his father, took a great interest in all matters connected with natural history ; but he was more particularly a botanist, and with the object of collecting specimens for his herbarium, paid three visits to the Continent in company with the late Daniel Hanbury, F.E.S. (in 1854, 1855, & 1857). In 1860 he married his second cousin, F. A. Saunders, eldest daughter of the late Sir S. S. Saunders, C.M.G-., who was at that time Consul-General at Alexandria, where the marriage took place. He had a numerous family, five sons and four daughters, who with his wife survive him. He was for many years in business in the City as an underwriter at Lloyds. He became a Fellow of the Linnean Society April 15, 1858, and of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1857, but he rarely if ever attended any of the meetings of either Society. Though he had an immense fund of general knowledge, lie was of a very retiring disposition, and made few intimate friends outside his family circle, but was a great favourite with all who had the good fortune to know him. [J. E. Sau>'dees.] LINNEAN SOCIETY OP LONDON. 43 Oeoege Feegusson Wilson died on Good Friday, March 28, 1902, at his residence at Wey bridge, after some mouths of suffering. He was boru in the year 1822, and had thus reached the age of eighty. Por many years he was managing-director of Price's Candle Company, in connection with which he discovered the means of making pure glycerine, on which he read a paper at the British Association as far back as 1855, at Grlasgow. The year before that he had read a paper on the value of steam in the decomposition of neutral fatty bodies before the Eoyal Society, of which he became a Pellow in 1855. He was passionately attached to gardening, and threw himself energetically into the management of the Eoyal Horticultural Society, and much of its present successful position is due to his efforts o]i its behalf. It was on April 1, 1875, that Mr. Wilson was elected Fellow of the Linneau Society ; he was also a Fellow of the Chemical Society, and the Eoyal Society, as mentioned above. A portrait of him was published in ' The Garden,' April 5, 1902, p. 231. Dr. HocKEN, F.L.S., of Dunediu, 'New Zealand, then stated that he had been desired by the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science to invite the presence of Fellows of the Linnean Society of London to their forthcoming meeting to be held at Dunediu in the month of January 1904, promising a hearty welcome to all who might pay a visit to that interesting country. June 5th, 1902. Prof. S. H. AMINES, F.E.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the Anniversary Meeting, 24th May, were read and confirmed. The following gentlemen were severally balloted for and elected Fellows : — Mr. EdM-ard Phelps Allis, junior, Mr. Edward Augustus Bowles, Mr. Upendranath Kanjilal, Mr. Edward Kemp Toogood, and Mr. Herbert Wright. The President announced that he and the General Secretary had waited that day on His Eoyal Highness The Prince of Wales, with the Charter-Book of the Society, which had been duly signed by His Eoyal Highness as an Honorary Member. The President announced that he had nominated as Vice- Presidents for the ensuing yi?ar : — Mr. Carruthers, Mr. Frank Crisp, Mr. Herbert Druce, and the Eev. T. E. E. Stebbing. Dr. Otio St-IPE, F.L.S., exhibited the original specimen of Trifolium alhidum, Eetz., from Eetzius's herbarium at Lund, 44 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE together with specimens collected by Mr. J. Lawson in a clock at Falmouth in 1900, representing a variety of T. alhldum which was in cultivation in various botanic gardens on the Continent in the early part of the last century, and at Kew as late as 1856, the origin of which is, however, not known. Eetzius's specimen proves that his T. alhidum (178t!) is identical with T. squarrosum, Savi (1808-1810), non Linn., T. panormitanum, Presl (1826), and T. lonrjestijmlatum, Loisel (1828). Hence it follows that the name T. albichnn takes precedence before those names as well as T. dip- saceum, Thuill. (1790), uhich was identified by Grenier & Godrou and by Eouy Avith Savi's 2\ squarrosum. The colour of the corolla is, as Eetzius describes it, whitish with a tinge of yellow, or, as Savi says, of red ; in dry specimens it turns to a dirty yellow or brown more or less suffused with purple. The calyx is 10-nerved, not as Koch stated 20-nerved. The Falmouth variety is — apart from the glabrous calyx-tube — identical with DeCandolle's T. ochro- leucum var, ramosum [Fl. Franc, v. p. 529 (1805)], which the author referred subsequently [Fl. Franc. Suppl. p. 557 (1815)] to T. alhidum, \yilld. (sic). It agrees, indeed, very well with the plant so named in Willdenow's herbarium (no. 14220), and, according to a communication by Mr. Cas. DeC^andolle, with the specimens on which Seringe evidently based his T. squarrosum yax.Jiavicans (syn. excl.). The name proposed for this variety is T. aihidurn, var. ramosum, Stapf. It is mainly characterized by the low growth, small, mostly elliptic leaflets, and straw-yellow flowers. The calyx-tube varies from glabrous to rather conspicuously hairy ; the same is the case in T. albidum proper, although here specimens with perfectly glabrous calyx-tubes are very rare. The following papers were read : — 1. " On certain Species of Dischidia with Double Pitchers." Bv H. H. W. Pearson, M.A., F.L.S. 2. " On Silver-leaf Disease in Plums and other Prunese." By Prof. J. Percival, M.A., F.L.S. 3. " On the Occurrence and Formation of Crystals of Calcium Oxalate in Seedlings of Alsike {TrifoKum hybridum, Linn.)." By Prof. J. Percival, M.A., F.L.S. 4. " On the Morphology of the Cerebral Commissures in the Vertebrata, with special reference to an aberrant Commissure in the Brain of certain Eeptiles.'" By Prof. Elliot Smith, of Cairo. (Communicated by Prof. G. B. Howes, Sec.L.S.) June 19th, 1902. Mr. AY. Caeeuthebs, F.E.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last Meeting were read and confirmed. The following gentlemen were severally balloted for and elected LINXEA^' SOC'IEXY OF LONDOX. 45 Fellows: — Mr. Philip AValter Mackinnon, Mr. Thomas George Hill, and Mr. Eric Drahble. jMr. Alfred William Alcock was proposed as a Fellow. The following papers were read : — 1. " On Obesiella, a new Genus of Copepoda." Bv Dr. W. G. Eidewood, F.L.S. 2. " On Modern Methods in Mycology." By Georf^e Massee, F.L.S. 3. "Further Obseryations on the Owls, especially their Skeleton." By AV. P. Pyeratt, A.L.S. ABSTRACTS. jS'ovember "ilst, 1901. The President gaye some account of his iuyestigation of the proteolytic enzyme of Xepenthes. He began by pointing out that in the higher animals there are two distinct proteolytic enzymes : (1) pepsin, secreted by the stomach ; (2) trypsin, secreted by the pancreas. The action of pepsin npon the more complex proteids (albumin, fibrin, &c.) is to conyertthem by hydrolysis into simpler proteids known as peptones ; whereas the action of trypsin is not only to conyert these proteids into peptones, but, further, to decompose the peptones into non-proteid nitrogenous substances, such as leucin, tyrosin, &c. Among these final products of tryptic digestion there is a substance called tryptophane, \\hich has the property of giving a pink or yiolet colour on the addition of chlorine- water. Hence this colour-reaction may be used as a means of determining the nature of the digestion to which any proteid may haye been submitted. xls the result of previous researches upon the nature of the digestion effected by the enzyme of Nepenthes, the President had come to the conclusion that it was not peptic, as had been supposed, but essentially tryptic. This conclusion has recently been called in question by Clautriau (Acad. Eoy. de Belgique, 1900), who re-asserts the peptic character of the enzyme. By means of the tryptophane-reaction, which is readily given by the products of a Nepenthes digestion, the President has been able to establish the correctness of the view that the enzyme is tryptic. The tryptophane-reaction has also been found to be given by a number of extracts of plants which are known to contain a proteolytic enzyme ; for instance, pineapple-juice, papain, figs, germinating bean-seeds, &c. It seems probable, therefore, that proteolytic digestion in plants is always tryptic — that there is, in 46 PROCEEDIJs'GS OF THE fact, no peptic enzyme in plants. But there is this peculiarity about the trvpsin of plants, that it has to work in an acid medium. The President suggested that the proteolytic enzyme of Nepentlies should be termed nepentliin, as that of the Papaw is termed ixqxiin^ and that of the Pineapple bromelin. December 5th, 1901. Dr. W. Gr. RiDEWOOD, F.L.S., exhibited nine specimens of abnormal sacra in the Edible Frog {Rana escnlenta) and one in the Common Prog {Rana tempomrin). He referred to the fact that in 1897 (Anat. Anz. xiii. pp. 364-367) he had reviewed the litera- ture bearing upon the subject of compound sacra in Anura, both normal and teratological, and stated that if all cases of abnormal sacra met with were to be briefly recorded, with diagrammatic illustrations, it might be possible at some future time to collate the various modifications, and to gain some insight into the principles underlying such irregularities. The specimens of Rana esculenta which he exhibited were all obtained from a batch of 24 large frogs sent from Germany. They were probably obtained from the same source at the same time, and might possibly have developed from the same spawn. The sacra of seven of these were similar in character. The eighth and ninth vertebrae were rigidly fused together, the coalescence affecting both centra and neural arches. No zygapophyses were present between these two vertebrae, but the foramina for the eighth pair of nerves were of the normal size. In all other respects the vertebral columns were normal. The eighth specimen resembled the first seven in the fusion of the eighth and ninth vertebrae, but differed from them in that the diapophyses of the eighth vertebra were stout, and carried the ilia, whereas those of the ninth vertebra were slender and very much backwardly directed. The ninth specimen pre- LIXNEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 47 seuted a compromise between the two former types. The rio-ht diapophvsis of the ninth vertebra and the left di'apophysis of the eighth were stout and carried the ilia, Mbereas the remaining two diapophyses of these vertebrte were slender. Tlie last specimen, that ot liana temporaria (fig. 4), for which Dr. Eidewood expressed his indebtedness to Dr. AVilley, was more abnormal than the fore- going. The first six vertebrse were normal. The centrum' of the seventh was biconcave. The eighth vertebra was represented by a biconvex centrum without any corresponding neural ai'ch. The ninth vertebra had a centrum Avhich was concave in front, and possessed a right and left convexity behind, as is usual for the ninth vertebra. The left postzygapophysis had failed to develop. The tenth vertebra had no prezygapophysis on the left side. The centrum was possessed of a right and left concavity in front, and, like the diapophyses, was fused with the urostyle behind. The upper part of the neural arch, however, was free from the urostyle. The right ilium was attached to the diapophysis of the tenth vertebra, whereas the left ilium, which was the longer of the two, was borne by that of the ninth. February 6th, 1902. Dr. D. H. Scott, F.R.S., F.L.S., gave an account (illustrated by lantern-slides) of "An extinct Family of Ferns" — the Botry- ojjttridea:, our knowledge of which is primarily due to the researches of M. Eenault. The vegetative organs and sporangia of the type- genus Botryopteris were described, and two British Palffinzoie species, B. Jiirsuia, AVill., and B. ramosa, AVill., were added to the genus on the ground of their anatomical structure. The genus Z>igopteris, also known with some degree of completeness, was nest dealt «ith, and the structure of the British species Z. Grayi, AVill., described in some detail. Eeasons were given for including other genera, such as Anachoropjteris, Asterochlci^na, and Tmicaulis in the family, while a close connection with DiphJahis and Cory- nepteris was also regarded as probable. The affinities of the group Mere discussed in conclusion, points of agreement with Hymeno- phyllacecT, Osmundacese, Ophioglossacete, and other families of Ferns being pointed out. Heterospory, believed by M. Eenault to exist in Botryopteris and Zyciopteris, was not regarded as established, and affinities were sought rather among homosporous Filices. February 20th, 1902. Mr. B. Datdox Jacksox, Sec. L.S., in a '• Eeport on the Botanical Publications of the United Kingdom as part of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature," gave the history of botanic bibliography from the time of Linnaeus, referring to Eeuss's ' Eepertorium,' mentioning the admirable catalogue by Drvander of Sir Joseph Banks's librarv, and passing on to the Eoyal Society's ' Catalogue of Scieutitic Papers,' at present 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE cousisting of 11 volumes, ranging- from 1S00-1S33, the last seven- teen years being in course o£ compilation. The genesis of the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera- ture was then brietiy described, and the means adopted for the collection and classification of titles given. The Linnean Society had contributed the titles of papers and books issued within the United 'Kingdom, amounting to about 2300, that is practically the whole of the literature of the country for 1901 ; and the first part of the volume devoted to Botany for 1901 was now in the hands of the printers, for early publication. April 3rd, 1902. Mr. E.. Morton Middleton, F.L.S., exhibited two unpublislied letters (lent to him by Mr. Frederick Barker) in the handwriting of Linnaeus. The first was addressed to " Mr. Eiehard Warner, London," and re-addressed by John Ellis ''Alt his house, att Woodford, Essex." It was written from Upsala, September 29, 1758, and enclosed by Linnaeus in a letter of the same date to Ellis, which was published in Sir J.-E. Smith's 'Correspondence of Linnaeus,' vol. i. pp. 102-104. Concerning the letter to Warner, Smith adds a footnote (p. 103), " This letter does not appear," so that it had been missing for more than 80 years when discovered by Mr. Middleton. The letter relates mainly to " Wameria "' (Gnrdeiiia jlorkla). Ellis ni'ged Linnaeus to name the genus Wcu-neria in honour of Warner, who declined the compliment ; Ellis then proposed Aiir/usta, but Linnaeus objected to adjectival generic names ; afterwards Ellis suggested Gardenia, which LinnsBUS adopted. The second letter, dated Upsala, April 18, 1769, is to David van Hoyen, of Leyden. In it, Linnaeus states that he has received with surprise from Mexico (!) a leaf of "the nut-bearing tree with maidenhair-like leaves," adding a reference to Ivaemp- fer's 'Amoenitates Exoticae,' where the first figure of Ginglco hiloha appears. Linnaeus's own copy of this book is in the Society's library. There is no doubt that the letter refers to his first sight of the plant, though whether the leaf was actually sent from Mexico cannot now be determined. The original letters, together with a long holograph one from Sir J. E. Smith to IS', Wallich on Nepalese plants, written in 1819, published in Smith's Memoir, and exhibited at the same time by Mr. Morton Middleton, are now in the possession of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill, F.L.S. The following are copies : — Viro acutissimo D"° RiCARDO Warnero s[alutem] p[lurimam] d[icit] Caeolus LinnjEus, Eques. Pro Uteris quibus ine cohonestare voluisti [gratias] devotissimas reddo, mihique gratulor ex amicitia domini Eilisii, qua tarn acuto et sapienti viro innotuerim. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 49 Exemplar pulcherrima plaiitae Warneriae gratissimum mihi donura erat, quod servabo saucte in tui memoriam. Ante anuum varriis speciminibus siccis plantarum variarum me beavit doctissimus D. Milleras inter quas plurimae plantae selectae Anglicae quas ex tuis liodie pei\spicio me accepisse a tuo mauu ; proiu[de] et pro his gratissimam mentem refero. De vero charactere Warneriae multum haesitavi, iiec potui ex pleuo flore eundem eruere. Cum vero amicissimus D"^ Ellis distiucte describat et delineat pistilla 3, stamina quinque, videtur inde quod sit generis distiuctissimi. Fateor quod facie et imprimis calyce plurimum conveniat cum Nyctauthes aut Jasmini genere ; cum vero (uti ex figura et anatomia Ellisii) clare pateat singulum fructus rudimentum esse polyspermum nequit omuino habere ullam affinitatem cum Jasminis. Minus ad Nerii affines referam ob pistilla tria et imprimis quod nullibi legerim ramulos teneriores dissectos fuisse lactescentes, de quibus tamen tuam sententiam, quam liceat ocius, exspecto. De tua in inquirendo et colendo plantas rarissimas industria atque indefesso studio, diu multumque audivi, ut nihil mihi autiquius foret, quam tuo nomine ornare plautam cui eandem debet orbis Botanicus. Diun legeris plantas rarissimas, quaeso memor sis mei, extra florae regioues feliciores sepositi, qui tui cultor perenui studio vivam. Dabain Upsaliae, 1758 die 29 Septembris. ^Translation.'] To the most learned Mr. E-icnAED Warner, Charles LiNNiEUs, Knight, sends hearty greeting. I send you my best thanks for the letter with which you honoured me, and I am glad of the friendship of Mr. Ellis, whom I have known as a clever and learned man. The specimen of the beautiful plant " Warneria " was a most acceptable gift, and I shall treasure it religiously in memory of you. A year ago the learned Mr. Miller favoured rne with several dried specimens of various plants, among which were many choice British species, which I understand to-day were from your hand ; for these thex'efore I tender you my best thanks. As to the true character of the Warneria I have had much diffi- culty, nor have I been able to settle it from the entire flower. But inasmuch as my friend Mr. Ellis clearly states that there are 3 pistils and 5 stamens, it appears that it must be a very dis- tinct genus. I confess that at first from the general appearance, and especially from the calyx, it appeared to belong to the genus LINN. SOC. PROCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1901-1902. e 50 PKOCEEDIXGS OF THE Nyctanilics or Jasniinuni, but as (see the drawing and dissection of Ellis) it is manifest that the single ovary is inany-seeded, it is impossible for it to haA"e any affinity with the Jasmines. Still less, on account of the 3 pistils, is there any affinity with Nerium, especially as I have never read that the younger shoots, \Ahen cut, shed latex. However, I shall be looking for your opinion on these points as soon as possible. I have for a long time heard much of your industry in collecting and cultivating very rare plants, and your unwearied study of the same, so that nothing will give me greater pleasure than to honour for your sake this plant which the Botanic World owes to you. While you are collecting rare plants, please do not forget me, situated here outside the favoured regions of plant-life, whose constant desire it will be to do you honour. Given at TJpsala, 1758, 29 September. Viro amplissimo D. D. DaTID VAX EOTEN, Professori Botanices celeberrimo s. pi. d. Carl v. Lk^xe. Hodie accepi a te generosissime communicata et data semina, inter quae varia erant quae ego non habeo iu Horto. jNIissum etiam erat Folium, e Mexico (quod miror) et est, nisi valde fallor, Arhor nucifeni foho adiautino, Kaempf. amoen. 811 &. 812, generis etiamnum plane incogniti ; utinam orbi Botanico hujus dare posses characterem desideratissimum. Pro utrinque summas quas possum refero gratias. Audivi quod uxor amplissimi Doctoris Professoris Adriaui van Eoyen nuper sit mortua quod maxime doleo ; quomodo fert banc calamitatem mens optimus benefactor? Sed et audivi hunc meum patronum etiam morbo iaborare, quod mihi metum incutit non levem. Si aliquando referibas quaeso de Patrui tui statu me moneas, in cujus aere sum et ero quamdiu vixero. Anne umquam vidistin Loasam Jacq. obs. 3. f. 38, quae Ortiga chilensis urens Fewell. pens. f. 43"^, fuit ante duos aunos in Hortis Botanicis Wiennae, Parisiis, etc., unde et specimen recentissimum habui. Sed quaesivi omnes Botanicos ut semina obtinerem nee in mihi notis locis exstat amplius. Dolerem maxime si Botanici concessissent tarn pulchram et singularem plantaui in Europa perire, quae nunquam antea Europas visa fuit. Si habeas, submisse precor des mihi aliquot semina. Vale, et vive felix in rei herbariae augmeutum et decus. Dabam Upsaliae, 1769 die 18 Aprilis. lIlS-NEAJf SOCIETY OF LONDON'. 5 I [Translation.^ To the most distiuguishecl Dr. Dayid van Eoyen, The distinguished Professor of Botany [Leyden], Carl a'^on Linnio sends hearty greeting. I have to-day received the seeds most kindly forwarded by you, among which are several which are uot in my garden. There was also sent, to my surprise, a leaf from Mexico, which is, unless I am greatly mistaken, the nut-bearing tree with maiden- hair-like leaves, Kaempf. amoen. p. 811 & 812, of a genus which even now is wholly unknown ; I should be glad if you could give to the Botanical world a full description of this plant. For both these gifts I send you my very best thanks. I have heard that the wife of the distinguished Professor Dr. Adrian van Eoyen has recently died, which much distresses me ; how does my kindest benefactor bear this sorrow ? I have also heard that he himself is suffering from sickness, which has alarmed me not a little. Do, if yoa are at any time writing, send me news as to your uncle's condition : — I am in his debt, and shall be so as long as I live. Have you ever seen Loasa, Jacq. obs. 3. f. 38, which as Ortiga cJiilensis urens, Peuill. f. 43, two years ago was in the Botanic Gardens at Vienna, Paris, etc., whence I quite recently obtained a specimen. I have asked all Botanists for some of the seeds, but there are no more specimens existing in any places known to me. I should much regret it if Botanists should allow a plant so beauti- ful and so rare in Europe to be lost, especially as it has never befoi'e been seen in Europe. If you have any of the seeds, please give some of them to me. Farewell — may you live happy in promoting the progress and dignity of botany. Given at Upsala, IS April, 1769. ADDITIONS AND DONATIONS TO THE LIBRAUY. 1901-1902. Aljraham (Karl). Xormentafel ziu* Entwicklungsgeschi elite des Huhnes (GaJlus domestims). 1900. See Normentafeln zur EntwicklungsgescMchte der Wirl)eltMere. Achepohl (L.). Das Niederrheinisch-Westfalische Steinkohlen- Gebirge. Atlas der fossilen Tauna und Flora in 40 Bliittern, nach Origiualen photographirt. Nebst vier geognostischeu Tafeln, alle Elcitze der Horizonte Oberhausen, Essen, Boehum, und Dortmund nach niittlereu Abstanden, im Massstabe von 1 : 2000, darstellend. Pp. 138, Taf. 48. 4to. Oberhausen 4' Leipzig, 1880. Adler (Hermann). Alternating Generations : a Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Hies. Translated and Edited by Charles EoBEET Straton. Pp. xliii, 198, & 3 plates. 8vo. O.vford, 1894. A. W. Bennett. Albert Honore Charles {Prime de Monaco). Eesultats des Cam- pagnes Scientifiques aecomplies sur son Yachts [I'HirondeUe et la Princesse-Alice']. Eascicules 19, 20. 4to, Monaco, 1901. XIX. Etude de Fonds marins proveiiant du voisinage des A9ores et de la portion orientale de TAtlantique noi'd. Par J. Tiiotjlet. (1901.) XX. Alcyonaires (Hirondellc). Par Tiieopiiil Studer. (1901.) Alcock (Alfred William). Zoological Gleanings from the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Pp. 42. (Scientif. Mem. by Medical Officers, Army India, Part xii.) 4to. Simla, 1901. Author. Ameghino (Florentine). Presencia de Maun'feros Diprotodontes en los Depositos terciarios del Parana. Pp. 6. (An. Soc. Cient. Argent, xlix.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1900. Mamiferos del Cretaceo inferior de Patagonia. (Eormacion de las areniscas abigarradas.) (Comunic. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, t. i. no. 6.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1900. Orypoilierium, nom de genre a effacer. Pp. 3. (Comunic. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, i.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1900. Notices preliminaires sur des Ongules nouveaux des Terrains Cretaces de Patagonie. Pp. 80. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba, xvi.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1901. TROCEEDINGS OF THE LINXEAIS SOCIETY OP LONDON. 53 Ameghino (Plorentino). Notices prelimiuaires sur des Mammi- feres nouveaux des Terrains Cretaees de Patagonie. Pp. (58. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Oienc. Cordoba, xvii.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1902. Author. Notices preliminaires sur des Mammifc'res nouveaux des Terrains Crefcaces de Patagouie. Pp. 68. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, xvii.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1902. Premiere Contribution a la Connaissance de la Paune Mammalogique de Couches a Colpodou. Pp. 70. (Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, xvii.) 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1902, Author. Andrews (Charles William). History and Physical Features of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Land Crustacea of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Mouogr. of Christmas Island. Mammals of Christmas Island. Sec British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Anguillara (Louis). La Botanique en Provence au XVP Siecle. See Legre (Ludovic). Annett (H. E.). Eeport of the Malaria Expedition to Nigeria. See Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Archer (Colin). The Pram. See Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893-1896. Archives Botaniques du Nord de la France. Eevue Botanique Mensuelle, publiee sous la Direction de Chables Eugkne Bertband, Vols. I.-V. 8vo. Paris, 1881-87. Areschoug (Fredrik Wilhelm Christian). Untersuchungen iiber den Blattbau der Mangrove-Pflanzen. Pp. 9U, Tafeln 13. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 56.) 4to. StuWjart, 1902. Arrow (Gilbert J.). Coleoptera of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Ascherson (Paul). Die geographische Verbreitung der Seegraser. (Petermann's Geogr. Mittheil. xvii.) 4to. Ootha, 1871. A. W. Bennett. Auhert (Sam.). La Plore de la Vallee de Joux. Dissertation. (Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. xxxvi.) 8vo. Lausanne, 1901. Dr. Hans Schinz. Bailey (Frederick Manson). Contributions to the Plora of Queens- land. (Queens. Agric. Journ. vii. pt. 5, p. 411.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1900. Plants reputed poisonous to Stock, and Contributions to the Plora of New Gruinea. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. vii. pt. 4, pp. 348-350.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1900. Contributions to the Flora of New Guinea. (Queensl. Agric. Journ. ix. pts. 2 & 4, pp. 215, 410-412.) 8vo. Brisbane, 1901. Author. The Queensland Flora. Part IV. Hygrophyllacese to Eljeagnaceffi. Pp. 1031-1372 ; plates 46-66. 8vo. Brisbane, 1901. Author. 54 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Baker (Frank Collins). The Mollusca of the Chicago Area : the Pelecj^Doda. (Chicago Acad. Sci., Bulh no. iii. Part 1 of the Nat. Hist. Surv.) 8vo. Chicago, J 898. The G-ross Anatomy of Limno'a emarginata, Say, var. Mighelsi, Binney. (Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. vol. ii.) 8vo. Chicago, 1900. Barl)er (Charles Alfred). The Diseases of Canes. Address delivered before the Antigua Branch of the Leeward Islands Agricultural Society. (Suppl. Leeward Island Gazette, 25th Jan. 1894.) The Remedies for Cane Diseases. (Suppl. Leeward Island Gazette, 24th Feb. 1894.) 4to. St. Johns, Antigua, 1894. A. W. Bennett. Barrington (Richard M.). The Migration of Birds as observed at Irish Lighthouses and Lightships, including the Original Beports from 1888-97, now published for the First Time, and an Analysis of these and the previously published Eeports from 1881-87, together with an Appendix giving the Measurements of about 1600 Wings. Pp. xxv, 6(>7, & Map. 8vo. London S)' Dublin, 1900. Bary (Heinricli Anton de). On Mildew and Fermentation. Pp. 76. 8vo. Berlin, 1872. A. W. Bennett. Bastian (Henry Charlton). Facts and Eeasonings concerning the Heterogenous Evolution of Living Things. (Nature, ii.) 4to. London, 1870. A. W. Bennett. Studies in Heterogenesis. Parts 1, 2. 8vo. London, 1901-1902. Author. Baunigartner (Gottlieb). Das Curfirsteugebiet in seinen ptlanzen- geographischen und wirtschaftlichen Verhaltnissen. Inaugural- Dissertation. Pp. 244, mit 14 Tafeln und 1 Karte. 8vo. St. Gallen, 1901. Hans Schinz. Beck von Mannagetta (Glinther, Bitter von). Die Vegetations- verhiiltnisse der illyrischen Lander begreifend Siidkroatien, die Quarnero-Inseln, Dalmatien, Bosnieu und die Hercegovina, Montenegro, Nordalbanien, den Sandzak Novipazar und Serbien. Pp. XV, 534; mit 6 Tafeln, 18 Textfiguren und 2 Karten. (Engler & Drude, Vegetation der Erde, iv.) Eoy. Svo. Leijizig, 1901 . Beddard (Frank Evers). Mammalia. See Cambridge Nat. Hist. vol. X. Beitter (Albert). Pharmacognostisch-chemische Untersuchung der Catha edidis. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 78, mit 3 Tafeln. Svo. Strasshurg i. E., 1900. Ed. Schaer. Belon (Pierre). La Botanique en Provence au XVI*^ Siecle. See Legre (Lndovic). Bennett (Alfred William). Some Account of Modern Eesearches into the Nature of Yeast. (Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. xv.) Svo. London, 1875. A. W. Bennett. Alpine Plants painted from Nature. See Seboth (Joseph). LINXEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX. 55 Berkeley (Miles Joseph) and Curtis (Moses A.). Exotic Fungi from the Schweiuitzian Herbarium, principally from Surinam. Pp. 18. (Journ. Acad. Xat. Sci. vol. ii. 1850—5-1:.) 4to. Philadelphia, 1853. A Commentary on the ' Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degeutium,' by L. D. de Schaveixitz. Pp. 18. (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iii.) 4to. PMladelpUa, 1856. Characters of Kew Fungi, collected in the JSTorth Pacific Exploring Expedition by Charles Weight. Pp. 20. (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. iv., 1857-60.) 8yo. Boston Sf Cambridffe, 1860. Berlin. Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Generalredakteur : Feais^z Eilhaed Schulze. Liefg. 1-17. 8vo. Berlin, 1897-1902. Liefg. 13. Hydracbnida? und Halacai'ida?, Ton Gtcstav Richard PiERSiG und Haxs LoiniAXN. 1901. ., 14. Lepidoptera. Libvtheida?, von Arnold Pagexstecher. 1901. ., 15. Aves. ZosteropidtE, von Otto Fixscii. 1901. ,, Ifi. Mollusca. Cj-clophorida', von Wiliielm Kobelt. 1902. ., 17. Lepidoptera. Callidulida?, von Dr. Arnold Pagensteciier. 1902. Zoologische Sammlung des Museums fiir Xaturkunde. Mitteilungen, Band I. Heft 1. 4to. Berlin, 1898. Band I. Heft 1. Martens (Eduard Carl von) und Wiegmann (FiaEDUiciij. Laud- und Sixsswasser - MoUusken der Seyehellen. Pp. 94 ; Tafeln 6. 1898. Bertrand (Charles Eugene). See Archives Botaniques du Nord de la France. Bibliotheca Botanica (continued). Baud X. Heft 53. Correns (Carl Erich). Bastarde zwiscben Maisrassen, niit besouderer Beriicksicbtigung der Xenien. Pp. xii, 161; Tafeln 2. 1901. ,, „ 54. EicHTER (Aladar). Pbysiologiscb-anatomiscbe Uuter- sucbungen iiber Luftwnrzeln mit besonderer Beriick- sicbtigung der Wurzelbaube. Pp. 50; Tafeln 12. 1901. Band XI. Heft 55. Stenzel (K. Gustav AY.). Abweicbende Bliiten beim- iscber Orcbideeu mit einem" Eiickblick auf die der Abietineen. Pp. 136 ; mit 6 Tafeln. 1902. „ ,, 56. Arescuoug (Fredrik Wilhelm Christian). Unter- sucbungen iiber den Blattbau der Mangrove-Pflanzen. Pp. 90 ; Tafeln 13. 1902. „ „ 57. Hevdrich (Franz). DasTetraspoi-angiumderFlorideen, ein Vorlaufer der sexuellen Fortpflanzmig. Pp.9; mit 1 Tafel. 1902. Bihliotheca Zoologica {continued). Band XIII. Heft 33. Heymons (Richard). Die Entwicklungsgescbicbte der Scolopender. Pp. viii, 244 ; Tafeln 8. 1901. „ ,, 34. Woltereck (Richard). Trochopbera-Studieu, I. I'eber die Histologic der Larve uud die Entstebuug des Annelids bei den Polygordius-Arten der Nordsee. Pp. 71 ; Tafeha 11 und 25 Textfiguren. BandXIY. Heft 35 > ■' "'. Bosexberg (Friedricu Wilhelm). DieSpinuen Deutscblauds. Pp. vi, 96 ; Tafeln 10. 1901-1902. 56 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE Bibliotheca Zoojogica (continued). Band XV. Heft 37. Liefg. 3. LecheCWiliielm). ZurEntwicMungsgescliichte des Zahnsystems der Saugethiere. II. Theil: Phylo- genie. 1 Heft : Die Familie der Erinaceida. Pp. 103 ; mit 4 Tafeln und 59 Textfiguren. 1902. Binney (Edward William). On the Structure of certain Lime- stone jSTodules enclosed in Seams of Bituminous Coal, -with a Description of some Trigonocarpons contained in them. See Hooker (Joseph Dalton). Black (W. T.). The Fish Eiver Bush, South Africa, and its Wild Animals. Pp. 55, pis. 5. 8vo. Edinhiirgh 6,- London, 1901. Author. Blanco (Manuel). Flora de Filipinas, por el Manuel Blanco. Adicionada con el Manuscrito inedito de Ignacio Mercado las obras del Antonio Llanos de un Apendice con todas las Nuevas investigaciones Botanicas referentes al Archipielago Filipino. Gran Edicion hecha a expensas del a Proviucia de Agustinos Calzados de Filipinas, bajo la Direccion Cientifica del Andees Naves. 4 vols. fol. Manila. 1877-80. Council Eoy. Soc. Club. Boergesen (Frederick C. E.). Freshwater Algae of the Faeroes. See Warming (J. E. B.). Botany of the Faeroes. Boesenberg (Friedrich Wilhelm). Die Spinnen Deutschlands, I. Pp. vi, 96; Tafeln 10. (Bibl. Zool. xiv. Heft 35.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1901-1902. Bokorny (Thomas). TJeber das Yerhalten von Pflanzenzellen zu stark verdiinnter alkalischer Silberlosung. See Loew (Oscar). Boston. Boston Society of Natural History. Occasional Papers. VI. Index to North American Orthoptera, by Samuel Hubbard Scuddee. Pp. vi, 436. 8vo. Boston, 1901. Boulenger (George Albert). Eeptilia of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Boulger (George Simonds). The Country Month by Month. See Owen (J. A.) and G. S. B. Bower (Frederick Orpen). On the Development and Morphology of Phylloglossum Drummondii. (Trans. Eoy. Soc. 1885.) 4to. London, 1885. A. W. Bennett. Braithwaite (Robert). The British Moss-Flora. Part 21. Svo. London, 1902. Author. Branth (Jakob Severin Deichmann). See Deichmann-Branth (Jakob Severin). Braun (Alexander). Ueber Polyembryonie und Keimuug von Caelehogyne. Ein Nachtrag zu der Abhandlung liber Partheno- genesis bei Pflanzen. (Abh- Kgl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1859.) 4to. Berlin, 1860. Braun (August). Ueber die Yarietaten des Plexus lumbo-sacralis von Sana. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 28. Svo. Bonn, 1886. LTIfKEAN SOCIETl" OF LONDON. 57 Braunsl)erg, Ostpreussen. Botanisches Institut des Kiinigl. Lyceum Hosianum in Brauns- berg. Arbeiten I.-» 4to. Braunsherg, 1901-> I. De Genere Byrsonima. (Pars posterior) von Franz Niedenzu. 1901. Franz Niedenzu. Brefeld (Oscar). Ueber Gabrung, — I. Vntersuclmngeu liber Alkoholgiibrung. (Landwirth. Jabrb. iii.) 8vo. Berlin, 1873. Untersuchungen iiber Alkobolgiibrung. (Yerb. "VViirzb. pbys.-med. Ges. ]N'. F. viii.) 8vo. Wurzhm'ff, 1874. A. W. Bennett. British Association for the Advancement of Science. Eeport ((Tlasgow), 1901. 8vo. London, 1901. Council Brit. Assoc. British Museum (continued). A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) : Physical Features and Geology, by Charles William Andrews. With Descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by numerous Contributors. Pp. xiii, 337 ; plates 22 & Map. 8vo. London, 1900. Birds. A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Xomen- clator Avium turn Fossilium tum Viventium.] By E. Boavdleb Sharpe. Vol. III. Pp. xii, 367. 8vo. London, 1901. Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Eatitae ; Carinatae (Tinamiformes — Lariformes). By Eugene William Gates. Pp. xxiii, 252; plates 1-lS. * 8vo. London, 1901. Insects. Lepidopterous Insects. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalasnse in the British Museum. Vol. III. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Arctiauae) and Agaristidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By Sir George Francis Hampson, Bart. Pp. xix, 690 ; tigs. 294 ; plates 54. 8vo. London, 1901. L>i2)iercc. A Monograph of the Culicidoe or Mosquitoes of the World. 3 vols. By Frederick V. Theobald. Vol. I. Pp. xviii, 424 ; figs. l-15i. Vol. II. Pp. viii, 391 ; figs. 152-318. Vol. III. Plates 42. 8vo. London, 1901. Fossils. Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural History). The Cretaceous Bryozoa. Vol. I. By .1. W. Gregory. Pp. xiv, 457 ; plates 17. Svo. London, 1899. Brown (Edgar). Kentucky Bluegrass Seed : Harvesting, Curing, and Cleaning. >See Pieter (Adrian John). Brown (Robert), of Campster. On the Nature of the Discoloration of the Arctic Seas. (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. ix.) Svo. Edinburgh, 1868. A. W. Bennett. 58 PROCEEDTKGS OF THE Brown (E,o"bert), of Campster. On the Geographical Distribution of the Goniferge and GuetaeefE. (Trans. Bot, Soc. Edinb. x.) 8vo. EdinburgJt, 1869. A. W. Bennett. Browne (/b'iV Thomas). Notes and Letters on the JSTatural History of Norfolk, more especially on the Birds and Fishes, from the MSS. of Sir T. B., with Notes by Thomas Southwell. Pp. xxvi, 102. 8vo. London, 1902. Brllning (Edliard). Ueber die Harzbalsame von Abies cana- densis (L.) Miller, Picea vulgaris Link, und Finns Pinaster Solander. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 140. 8vo. Bern, 1900. Kans Schinz. Bryan (William Alanson). Key to the Birds of the Hawaiian Group. (Mem. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Mus. vol. i.) 4to. Honolulu, 1901. Calcutta. Indian Museum. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Indian Deep-Sea Crustacea Decapoda, Macrura, and Anomala in the Indian Museum. Being a revised Account of the Deep-Sea Species collected by the Eoyal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. By Alpred William Alcock. Pp. 286 ; plates 3. 4to. Calcutta, 1901. Trustees Indian Museum. Calkins (William Wirt). The Lichen-Flora of Chicago and Vicinitv. (Chicago Acad. Sci., Bull. No. 1. Geol. & Nat. Hist, Surv. 1896.) Svo. Chicago, 1896. Cambridge (The) Natural History. Edited by S. E. Haemeb and A, E. Shipley. 7o1. X. Svo. London, 1902, Vol. X. Mammalia. Pp. xii, 605 ; ligs. 285. By Frank Evers Beddard. 1902. Camus (Edmond Gustave). Elore de France, See Eouy (G.). Canada. Geological Survey of Canada. General Index to the Reports of Progress, 1863 to 1884. Compiled by D. B, Dowlixg, Svo. Ottaiva, 1900. Catalogue of Canadian Birds. By John^ Macoun. Part I. Svo. Ottaiva, 1900. Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Eastern Canada. By Joseph Fredekick Whiteaves. Svo. Ottawa, 1901. Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part 2. - Svo. Ottaiva, 1900. Canadian Fossil Insects, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 4. Ad- ditions to tiie Coleoyjterous Fauna of the Interglaeial Clays of the Toronto District. With an Appendix by A. D. Hopkins on tbe Scolytid Borings from the same Deposits. Vol. IV. Part 2. Svo. Ottawa, 1901. A Eevision of the Genera and Species of Canadian PaliKozoic Corals. The Madreporaria Aporosa and the Madreporaria Eugosa. By Lawre:,'ce M. Lambe. Candolle (Anne Casimir Pyramus de). Sur uu Ficus a Hypo- ascidies. Pp. 9 ; plate 1. (Arch. Sci. phys. et nat. 4 ser. xii.) Svo. Geneve, 1901. Author. LIXNEAX SOCIETY Of LOXDOX. 59 Carruthers (William). On the Structure of a Fern-stem from the Lower Eocene of Heme Bay and its Allies, Eecent and Fossil. (Quart. Jouru. Geol. Soc. xxvi.) Svo. London. 1S70. A. W. Bennett. On the Structure of the Stems of the Arborescent Lyco- podiacere of the Coai-Measures. (Month. Micr. Journ. vii.) Svo. London, 1872. A. W. Bennett. Camel (Teodoro). Studi sulla Polpa clie iuvolge i semi in Alcuni frutti caruosi. (Ann. K. Museo Storia Xat. Firenze. l&O-l.) -tto. Fh-inze, 1S64. A. W. Bennett. Brevi riflessioui sulF insegnamento della botanica in Italia. Pp. 12. (Xuova Antolo2;ia, Xov. 1^73.) Svo. Firenze. 1S73. A. W. Bennett. Chicago. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Annual Eeport (4U) for 1^97. Svo. Chicago, 1&98. Bulletin of the G-eological aiKl Xatural History Survey. Xos. 1-2. Svo. Chicago, 189(3-97. 2S'o. 1. Calkixs (William Wiet). The Lichen-Flora of Chicago and TicinitT. 1S96. „ 2. Leverett (Feaxk). The Pleistocene Features and Deposits of the Chicago Area. 1897. Chodat (Rohert). Algues vertes de la Suisse. Pleurococcoides — Chroolepoi'des. (Beitr. Krvpt. Fior ad. Schweiz, Bd. i. Heft 3.) Svo. Bern, 1902. Clark (James). Ueber den Einfluss niederer Sauerstoffpressungen auf die Beweguugen des Protoplasmas. Pp. 8. (Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. vi.) ' Svo. Berlin, 1^88. A. W. Bennett. Cleve (Peter Theodor). Forstili till en monografi ofver de Svenska arterna af algfamiljen ZvgnemaceiP. (Nova Acta Beg. Soc. Upsal. ser. 3, vol. vi'.) " 4to. UjisaJa, 1868. A. W. Bennett. Cole (Frank J. ). PJeuroncctes. See Liverpool Marine Biology Committee. Memoir viii. Collett (Robert) and Nansen (Fridtjof). An Account of the Birds. Sec Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893-1896. CoUingwood (Cuthhert). Eemarks upon some Points in the Economy of the Xudi branchiate Mollusca. (Ann. &, Mag. jS'at. Hist. ser. 3, vii. pp. 33-41.) Svo. London, 1860. On tlie Opportunities of Advancing Science enjoyed by the Mercantile Marine. (Eept. Brit. Assoc. Manchester, 1861.) Svo. Liierjiool, 1862. Eeport of the Committee appointed at Manchester to consider and Eeport upon the best means of Advancing Science through the Agency of the Mercantile Marine. (Eept. Brit. Assoc. 1862.) Svo. London, 1862. Connold (Edward T.). British Vegetable Galls : an Introduction to their Study. Pp. xii, 312; Avith 130 full-page Plates and 27 smaller drawings. -Ito. London, 19(.»1. Constantin (Antoine). La Botanique en Provence au XVI*" Siecle. See Legre (Ludovic). "6o ' PROCEEDIXGS OF THE Cooke (Theodore). The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Parts 1, 2. 8vo. London, 1901-02. Author. Cope (Edward D.). The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Formation of the West. Pp. 302 ; plates 57. (Hayden, Eept. U.S. Geol. Siirv. Territories, ii.) 4to. Washington, 1875. Copenhagen. See Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Correns (Carl Erich). Bastarde zwischen Maisrassen, mit beson- derer Beriicksichtiguug der Xenien. Pp. xii, 161; Tafeln 2. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 53.) 4to. Stuttrjart, 1901. Coste (Hippolyte). Flore descriptive et ilhastree de la France de la Corse et des contrees limitrophes. Avec uue introduction sur la Flore et la Vegetation de la France, accompagnee d"une carte coloriee, par Chaeles Flahault. Vols. I., II. Svo. Paris, 1900-1901. Cones (Elliott). Far-bearing Animals : a Monograph of North- American Mustelidfe, in which an Account of the Wolverene, the Martens or Sables, the Ermine, the Mink and various other kinds of Weasels, several Species of Skunks, the Badger, the Land and Sea Otters, and ninnerous exotic Allies of these Animals, is contributed to the History of North American Mammals. Pp. xiv, 348 ; plates 20. (U.S. Geol. Surv. Terri- tories, Miscell. Public. No. 8.) Svo. Washington, 1877. Cramer (Carl). Physiologisch-systematische Untersuchungen iiber die Cei'amiaceen. Heft I. (Neue Denkschr. schweiz. naturf. Ges. xx.) 4to. Zurich, 1863. Bildungsabw eichungen bei einigen -wichtigeren Pflanzen- familien und die morphologische Bedeutuug des Pflauzeneies. Heft I. Pp. V, 148 ; mit 16 Tafeln. 4to. Zyarich, 1864. A. W. Bennett. Ueber die verticillirten Siphoneen besonders Neomeris und Bornetella. Pp. 48 ; rait 3 Tafeln. (Neue Denkschr. schweiz. nat. Ges. xxxii.) 4to. Zurich, 1890. A. W. Bennett. Ueber oligodynamische Erscheinungen in lebenden Zellen. See Naegeli (Carl von). Crantz (Heinrich Johann Nepomuc). Classis Cruciformium emendata, cum figuris aeneis in necessarium institutionum rei herbariae supplementum. Pp. 139, ind., 3 tab. Svo. Lipsicp, 1769. Curtis (Moses A.). A Commentary on the ' Synopsis Fungorum in America Boreali media degentium,' by L. D. de Schweixitz, See Berkeley (Miles Joseph). Characters of New Fungi, collected in the North Pacific Exploring Expedition by Charles Wright. See Berkeley (Miles Joseph). Exotic Fungi from the Schweinitzian Herbarium, principally from Surinam. See Berkeley (Miles Joseph). Dall (William Healey) and Simpson (Charles Torrey). The Moliusca of Porto Eico. Pp. 174 ; plates 6. (Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. for 1900, vol. i. pp. 351-524, pis. 53-58.) 4to. Washington, 1901. LIKXEAIS^ SOCIETY OF LONDOX. 6 1 Danish Ingolf-Expedition iu 1895-9(1, uuder Command of Com- iiiodore C. F. Wandel. Vol. VI. Pt. 1. 4to. Copenhagen, 1902. Darbishire (Otto Vernon). Chondms. Pp. viii, 42, & 7 plates. See Liverpool Marine Biology Committee, Memoir ix. Darboux (G.) and Houard (C). Catalogue syste'matique des Zoocecidies de I'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen. Avec une Preface par Alfred Giakd. Pp. xi, 543; figs. 863. (Bull. Sci. Fr. et Belg. Giard, xxxiv his.) 8vo. Paris, 1901. Darwin (Charles Robert). Flowers and their Unbidden Guests. See Kerner von Marilaun (Anton). Davey (Frederick Hamilton). A Tentative List of the Flowering Plants, Ferns, &c., known to occur in the County of Cornwall, including the Scilly Isles. Pp. xvi, 276. 8vo. Penrt/n, 1902. Author. Dawson (Sir William) and Penhallow (David Pearce). Parka decipiens. Notes on specimens from the Collections of James Eeid, Esq., of Allan House, Blairgowrie, Scotland. (Trans. Eov. Soc. Canada, ix.) 4to. Montreal, 1891. A. W. Bennett. Deichmann-Branth (Jakob Severin). Lichenes of the Faeroes. See Warming (J. E. B.), Botany of the Faeroes. Delage (Yves) et Heronard (Edgard). Traite de Zoologie concrete. 8vo. Paris, 1896-1901. Tome II. Partie 2. Les Cceleiiteres. 1901. De Wildeman. See Wildeman (Em. de). Dowling (D. B.). General Index to the Eeports of Progress, 1803-1884. See Canada Geological Survey. Diinnenberger (Eugen). Ueber eine neuerdings als " Jaborandi " in den. Handel gekommene Alcornoco-Hiude und iiber ''Alcornoco- Riuden" im Allgemeinen, Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 64. 8vo. Zurich, 1900. Hans Schinz. Dutton (J. Everett). Eeports of the Malaria Expedition to Nigeria. See Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Dyer (Sir W. T. Thiselton-). On Spontaneous Generation and Evolution. (Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., new ser. x.) 8vo. London, 1870. A. W. Bennett. Eicliler (August Wilhelm). Sind die Coniferen gymnosperm oder nicht ? (Flora, 1873.) 8vo. Rexjensburij, 1873.. A. W. Bennett. Ueber den Bliithenbau von Canna. (Bot. Zeitg. xxxi.) 4to. Leipzig, 1873. A. W. Bennett. Eisenhut (Hermann). Ueber Terrainaulf iilluugen und Kehricht- ablagerungen in der Stadt Ziirich und ihren Einfluss auf den Keimgehalt des Bodens. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 36, 8vo. Herisau, 1901. Hans Schinz. Elliot (George Francis Scott). A Naturalist in Mid-Africa; being an Account of a Journey to the Mountains of the Moon and Tanganyika. Pp. xvi, 413, figs. 49, and Map. 8vo. London, 1896. Author. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Elliott (J. H.). Eeport of the Malaria Expedition to ]N'igeria. See Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Engler (Adolf). Die pflanzengeographische Gliederung IVord- amerikas erlautei't an der nordamerikanischen Anlage des ueuen Koniglicheu botanischen G-artens zu Dahlem-Steglitz bei Berlin. Pp. iv, 94 ; plates 2. (Xotizbl. Kgl. bot. Gartens & Mus. Berlin, Append, ix.) Svo. Leipzig, 1902. Engler (Adolf) und Drude (Oscar). Die Vegetation der Erde. I.-V. Eoy. Svo. Leipzig, 1896-1901. IV. Die Vegetationsverhiiltnisse der illyrischen Lander begreifend Siidki'o- atien, die Quarnero-Inseln, Dalmatien, Eosnien und die Herce- govina, Moutenegi-o, Nordalbanien, den Sandzak Novipazar und Serbien, von Dr. Guxtiier von Beck vou Mannagetta. Pp. xv, 534 ; G Tafeln, IS Textfiguren und '1 Karten. 1901. V. Die Heide Norddeutschlands und die sich anschliessendenFormationen in biologisclier Betrachtung. Eine Schilderung ihrer Vegeta- tionsverhiiltnisse, ihrer Existeuzbedingungeu und ihrer Beziehungen zu den iibrigeu Pflanzenfonnatiouen, besouders zu Wald und Moor, von Paul Graebxek. [Formationen Mitteleuropas, No. 1.] Pp. xii, 320, k Map. 1901. Ernst (Alfred). Ueber Pseudo-Hermaphroditismus und andere MissbildiiDgen der Oogonien bei Nitella Syncarpa (Thuill.) Kiiitzing, und Beitriige zur Keuntniss der Entwickehuig des Embryosackes und des Embryo (Polyembryonie) bei Tulipa Gesiieriana L. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 77, mit 8 Tafeln. (Flora, Bd. 88.) Svo. Mihichea, 1901. Hans Schinz. Escliericli (Karl). Ueber die Bildung der Iveimblatter bei den Musciden. Pp. 66 ; 3 Doppeltafeln und 10 Eiguren im Text. (Xova Acta, Bd. 77.) 4to. Halle-a.-S., 1900. Farlow (William Gilson). Au Asexual Growtb from the Prothallus of Ptej-is serrulata. (Proc. Amer. Acad, ix.) Svo. Boston, 1874. A. W. Bennett. Fixsen (Carolus). De Linguae Eauinae Textura: Disquisitiones Microscopicse. Dissertatio Inaiigiu-alis. Pp. 40, tab. 1. Svo. Dorjmt, 1857. Flahault (Charles). Elore descriptive et illustree de la Erance, de la Corse et des contrees liinitrophes. >See Coste (Hippolyte). Eorel (Frangois A.). Handbuch der Seenkunde. Allgemeine Limnologie. Pp. x, 249. Mit einer Tafel und 16 Abbildungen. Svo. Stuttgart, 1901. Fox (George E.) and Hope (W. H. St. John). Excavations on the site oil the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1900. With Notes on the Plant-Eemains of Eoman Silchester, by Clement Eeid. (Archceologia, Soc. Antiqu. Ivii.) 4to. London, 1901. Clement Reid. Frank (Albert Bernhard) and Otto (Robert). Untersuchungen liber Stickstoif" Assimilation in der Pflanze. (Xaturwiss. A^Tochenschrift, vi.) 4to. Berlin, 1891. A. W. Bennett. Franenfeld (Georg, liitter von). Ein Besuch im Bohmerwalde, nebst Aufziihlung der Yarietiiten des zoologischea Kabinets im liochf iirstlicli Schwarzenbei'g'schen Jagdschlosse Wohrad niiehst Frauenberg nacli Mittheilung des Herrn Eorstmeisters Ebas^z HoTDAK. (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1866.) Svo. Wien, 1866. LT>'NEAN SOCIETY OF LOJs'DOIS^. (5^ Fric (Fritsch) (Antonin) uud Vavra (Wenzel). Untersucliuugen iiber die Eauua der Gewiisser Bohmeiis. — V. Untersuchiino- des Elbeflusses und seiner Altwiisser durcbgef iihrt auf der iibertrao-- baren zoologisehen Statiou. (Arch. Naturw. Landesdureirf. Bohmen, Bd. xi. n. 3.) ; Svo. Praq, 1901*. Friele (Herman). Mollusea, iii. See Norwegian North- Atlantic Exped., xviii. Fryer (Alfred). The Potamogetons (Poiid Weeds) of the British Isles ; with descriptious of all the Species, Varieties, and Hybrids. Illustrated by Eobeet Moegax. Parts 1-9. 4to. London, 1S98-1900. Gahan (Cliarles Joseph). Coleoptera of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Gamper (Max). Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Angosturarinden. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 74, mit ;i Tafeln. Svo, WintertJun; 1900. Hans Schinz. Garden (The). Vols. 59, 60. 4to. Lo^c^on, 1901. Editors. Gardeners' Chronicle (The). 8 ser. Vols. 19, 20. fol. London, 1901. Editor. Gardner (Willoughby). A List of the Hymenoptera-Aculeata so far observed in the Counties of Lancasliire and Cheshire, with Notes on the Habits of the Genera. Pp. 01 &Map. (Eeprinted from the Trans. Liverp. Biol. Soc. xv.) Svo, Liverpool, 1901. Author. Garnsey (Henry E. F.). Lectures on Bacteria. See Bary (A. de). Gegenbaur (Carl). Vergieicbende Anatomie der Wirbelthiere mit Beriicksiebtigung der Wirbellosen. Band IL Darmsystem und Athmuugs-organe, Gefasssystem, Ham- und Geschlechtsorgaue (Urogeuitalsystem), Pp, viii, 090, figs. 355. Svo. Leijizig, 1901. Geiger (Ernst). Das Bergell. Porstbotanisclie Monographie. InaugLiral-Dissertation. Pp, 119 ; pis, 6 & 2 maps, Svo, Chur, 1901. Dr. Hans Schinz. Geiger (Hermann). Beitriige zur pharmakoguostischeu und botanischen Kenntniss der Jaborandibliitter. Inaugural-Disser- tation. Pp. 74, mit 2 Tafeln. Svo. Berlin, 1898, Geiger (Paul). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ipoh-Pfei!gifte, mit einem Anbang : Pharmakognostiscbe Mitteilungen iiber einige zur Herstelluug von Ipoh verwendete Giftpflanzen. Inaugural- Dissertation. Pp. 102, mit 4 Tafeln. Svo. ZuricJi, 1901. Hans Schinz. Gerassimow (Johann). Ueber den Einfluss des Kerns auf das Wachsthum der Zelle. Pp. 34 ; mit 47 Tabellen und 2 Tafeln. (Bull. Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou, 1901.) Svo. Moscotv, 1901. Author. Giard (Alfred). Expose des Titres et Travaux Scieutifiques (1869- 1896). Pp. 390. Svo. Paris, 1896. Author. Catalogue systematique des Zoocecidies de I'Europe et du Bassiu Mediterraneen. See Darboux (G.), Gibelli (Giuseppe). In Memoria di Giuseppe Gibelli. Eelazione della Cerimonia e Discorsi pronunziati scoprendosi il busto di Giuseppe Gibelli nel E. Istituto botanico di I^orino, 5 Geunaio 1902. Pp. 46. (Malpighia, xiv.) Svo. Genova, 1902. 64 PEOCEBDINGS OE THE Gibson (Robert J. Harvey), The Histoiy of the Science of Biology. Pp. 10. (Liverp. Univ. Coll. Magazine, iii.) 8vo. Liverpool, 188S. A. W. Bennett. Gilbert {Sir Joseph Henry). Tn Memoriam Sir Joseph Heket Gilbert, 1817-1901. See Voelcker (John Augustus). Gill (Walter). Photographs of Native Trees of Australia. 4to. Adelaide, 1900. Author. Gleadow (F.). Insufficiency of the AVorld's Timber Supply. See Melard (A.). Gmelin (Karl Christian). Flora Badensis Alsatica et confinium regiouum cis et transrhenana plantas a lacu bodamico usque ad confluentem Mosellae et Bheni sponte nascentes exhibens, secun- dum systema sexuale, cum iconibus ad naturam delineatis. Vol. ■ I. Pp. xxxii, 768. Tab. 5. 1805. Vol. II. Pp. 717. Tab. 5. 180(5. Vol. III. Pp. 795. Tab. 4. 1808. Vol. IV. Supplenienta cum Inclicibus. Pp. 807. Tab, 10. 182G. 8vo. Garlsruhce, 1805-1826. Goebel (Karl). Organography of Plants, especially of the Ai'che- goniatse and Sperraaphyta. Authorized English Edition by Isaac Bayley Balfoue. Part I. General Organography. Pp. xvi, 270, 130 woodcuts. 8vo. Oxford, 1900 Goodale (George Lincoln). Physiological Botany. I. Outlines of the Histology of Phsenogamous Plants. II. Vegetable Physi- ology. Pp. xxi, 499 ; figs. 214. (Vol. II. of Asa Gray's Bot Text-book, 6th ed.) S\o. London, 1890. A.W.Bennett Goppelsroeder (Friedrich). Capillaraualyse. Beruhend auf Capil- laritiits- und Adsorptions-erscheinungen mit dem Schlusskapitel das Emporsteigen der Parbstoffe in den Pflanzen. Pp. x, 545 Tafeln 59. (Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, Bd. siv.) 8vo. Basel, 1901 Grabau (A. W.). Guide to the Geology and Palaeontology of JS'iagara Palls and Vicinity. Pp. 284; plates 18, figs. 190 (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. vii. no. 1.) 8vo. Albany, 1901 Graebner (Paul). Die Heide Norddeutschlands und die sich auschliesseuden Eormationen in biologiseher Betrachtung. Eine Schilderung ihrer Vegetationsverhaltuisse, ihrer Existenzbeding- ungen und ihrer Beziehungeu zu deu iibrigen Pflanzenforma- tionen, besonders zu Wald und Moor. [Formationen Mittel- europas, No. 1.] Pp. xii, 320, & Map. (Eugler & Drude, Veget. d. Erde, v.) 8vo. Leipzig, 1901. Graf (Ferdinand). Alpine Plants painted from Nature. See Seboth (Joseph). Gray (Asa). The Genus Asimina. (Bot. Gaz. xi.) 8vo. Crawfordsville, Indiana, 1886. Botanical Contributions to American Botany. I. A Revision of the North American Eanunculi. II. Sertum Ohihuahuense. III. Miscellanea. I. A Revision of some Polypetalous Genera and Orders. II. Sertum Ohihuahuense. Appendix. III. Miscellanea. (Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. &c., xxi., xxii.) 8vo. Boston, 1886-87. LIXKEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 65 Gray (Asa). Delphinium, an attempt to distinguish the North American Species. (Bot. G-az. xii.) 8vo. Crcnufordsville, 1887. Botanical Text-Book, 6th edition. Vol. II. Physiological Botany, by George Lincoln Goodalb. 8vo. London, 1890. Gray (Asa) and Hooker (Sir Joseph Dalton). The Vegetation of the Eocky Mountain Region, and a Comparison ^yith that of other Parts of the World. (Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv. of the Territories, vol. vi.) 8vo. Wasliington, 1881. A. W. Bennett. Gray (Asa) and Trumbull (J. Hammond). Eeview of DeCandolle's Origin of Cultivated Plants ; with Annotations upon certain American Species. (Amer. Journ. Sci. 3 ser. xxv.) Svo. New Haven, 1883. Gregory (J. Walter). Catalogue of the Possil Bryozoa in the Department of G-eology, British Museum (Natural History). The Cretaceous Bryozoa, vol. i. See British Museum. Grew (Nehemiah). An Idea of a Phytological History Pro- pounded. Together with a Continuation of the Anatomy of Vegetables, particularly prosecuted upon Eoots. And an Ac- count of the Vegetation of Eoots grounded chiefly thereupon. Pp. 144, Tab. 7. Svo. London, 1673. B. Daydon Jackson. Grieg (James A.). Mollusca : iii. See Norwegian North- Atlantic Exped., xxviii. Griffon (Edouard) . L'Assimilation chlorophyllienne et la Struc- ture des Plautes. Pp. 106. (Scientia, Serie Biologique, no. 10.) Svo. Paris, ? Gurney (John Henry), tlie younger. On the Ornithology of the Var and the adjacent Districts. Pp. 47. (Ibis, 3 ser. vol. i.) Svo. London, 1901. Author. Haberlandt (Gottlieb). Sinnesorgane im Pflanzenreich zur per- ception mechanischer Eeize. Pp. viii, 164; mit 6 Doppeltaf eln. Svo. Leijizig, 1901. Haeckel (Ernst Heinrich). The Eiddle of the Universe at the Close of the Nineteenth Century. Translated by Joseph McCabe. Pp. xvi, 319. Svo. London, 1900." Author. Kunst-Formen der Natur. Lieferung 6 ; Tafeln 51-60. fol. Leipzig ^- Wien, 1901. Halacsy (Eugen von). Conspectus Plorse Graecse. Vol. I. Pp. 825. Svo. Lijisice, 1900-1901. Halsted (Byron D.). Three Nuclei in Pollen-grains. Pp. 4 & 1 plate. (Bot. Gazette, xii.) Svo. CraivfordsvilJe, 1887. A. W. Bennett. Hampson {Sir George Francis, Bart.). Lepidoptera Phalaenae of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Moaogr. of Christmas Island. Hartig (Robert). Die anatomischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale der wichtigeren in Deutschland wachsenden Hdlzer. 4''' Auflage. Pp. 42 ; mit 21 Holzschnitten. Svo. Miinchen, 1898. LINN. SOC. PBOCEEDINGS. — SESSION 1901-1902. / 66 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE Hegi (Gustav). Das obere Tosstal iind die angrenzendeu Gebiete, fioristisch uud pflanzengeographisch dargestellt. Inaugural- Dissertation. Pp. 434, mit 3 Karten. (Bull. I'Herb. Boissier, 2 ser. i., ii.) Svo. Geneve, 1901-1902. Dr. Hans ScMnz. Heinroth (Oskar). Untersuchungen iiber den Fischharn. In- augural-Dissertation. Pp. 16. Svo. Kiel, 1895. Heydrich (Franz). Das Tetrasporangium der Florideen, ein Vorlaufer der sexuellen Fortpflanzung. Pp. 9 ; mit 1 Tafel. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 57.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1902. Heymons (Richard). DieEntwicklungsgeschichteder Scolopender. Pp. viii, 244 ; Tafeln 8. (Bibl. Zool. xiii. Heft 33.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1901. Hill (John). The British Herbal : An History of Plants and Trees, Natives of Britain, cultivated for Use or raised for Beauty . Pp. 356 & 75 plates, fol. London, 1756. B. Daydon Jackson. Him (Karl Engelbrecht). Monographie und Iconographie der Oedogoniaceen. (Act. Soc. Sci. Fennica, sxvii.no. 1.) Pp. iv, 394, & 64 Tafeln. 4to. Helsingfors, 1900. A. W. Bennett. Hobkirk (Charles P.). A curious Habitat of some Mosses. Pp. 2. (Eept. Brit. Assoc. Manchester, 1887.) 8vo. London, 1887. A. W. Bennett. Hobson (Bernard). Correlation Tables of British Strata. See Manchester — Owens College. Honolulu. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. Memoirs, Vols. I.-» 4to. Honolulu, 190]-» I. Bryan (Wm. Alanson). Key to the Bh'ds of the Hawaiian Group. 1901. Hopkins (Andrew D.). See Scudder (Samuel Hubbard). Canadian Fossil Insects. Hooker {Sir Joseph Dalton). The Vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region, and a Comparison with that of other Parts of the World. See Gray (Asa). Hooker {Sir Joseph Dalton) and Binney (Edward William), On the Structure of certain Limestone Nodules enclosed in seams of Bituminous Coal, with a Description of some Trigonocarpons contained in them. (Phil. Trans. [1854] vol. 185.) 4to. London, 1855. Houard (C). Catalogue systematique des Zoocecidies de I'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen. See Darboux (G.). Humphrey (James Ellis). The Saprolegniacese of the United States, with Notes on other Species. (Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xvii.) 4to. Philadelphia, 1893. A. W. Bennett. Hutton (Frederick Wollaston). The Lesson of Evolution. Pp. viii, 100. 8vo. London, 1902. Author. Ingolf-Expedition. See Danish Ingolf-Expedition. ' Investigator.' Illustrations of the Zoology of the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator, under the Command of Com- mander T. H. Heming, R.N. 4to. Calcutta, 1901. Part IX. Crustacea. Plates 49-55. Part III. Mollusca. Plates 9-13. I By A. Alcock and A. F. McArdlb. LIX>^£AN SOCIETY OF LOIfDOS'. 67 Jaeger (Louis). Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Endospermbildung und xur Embryologie von ra.rj(6' haccata L, Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 52 ; mit 5 Tafeln. (Flora, Bd. St).) Svo. 21'dnchea, 1899. Hans Schinz. Jaennicke (Priedrich). Studien iiber die Gattuno- Platanus, L 1S92-97. Pp. 112 ; Tafeln 10. (Xova Acta, Bd. 77.) 4to. HalU-a.-Saale, 1901. Jensen (Christian). Bryophyta. Phytogeographical Studies based upon the Bryophyta of the Psercies. See Warming (J. E. B.). Botany of the Pseroes. Jepson (Willis Linn). A Plora of Western Middle California. Pp. iv, 62.5. Svo. Berl-eh;/, 1901. Johnstone (James). Pleu.ronectes. See Liverpool Marine Biology Committee : Memoir viii. Journal of Botany (The). Vol. 39. Svo. London. 1901. Jas. Britten. Kanitz (Agost). Anthopbyta quae in Japonia legit beatus Emanuel AVeiss et quae Museo National! Hungarico procuravit .Joannes Xanthus. (Termcsz. Fiizet. fasc. i., ii., iii.) Svo. Budcqiestini, 1878. A. W. Bennett. Kanjilal (Upendranath). Porest Plora of the School Circle, "N.W.P. ; being a descriptive List of the Indigenous Woody Plants of the Saharanpur and Delira Dun districts and the ad- ioining portions of the Tehri-Garhwal State in the North- Western Provinces, with Analyses compiled for the use of the Students of the Imperial Porest School, Dehra Diin. With an Introduction, by J. S. Gamble. Svo. Calcutta, 1901. Inspector-General of Forests to Govt, of India. Zeibel (Franz) und Abraham (Karl). Xormentafel zur Entwick- lungsgeschichte des Huhues (Gallus domesticus). Pp. 132. Tafeln 3. 1900. See Normentafel zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelthiere. Kerner von Marilaun (Anton). Die Abhiingigkeit der Pflanzeu- gestalt von Klima und Boden. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von der Entstehung und Yerbreitung der Arten, gestiitzt auf die Ver- wandtschaftsverhaltnisse, geographische Yerbreitung und Geschichte der Cytisusarten aus dem Stamme Taboc>/tisus DC. (Pestschr. zur 43 Yersatnml. Deutscher Xaturf. & Aerzte in Innsbruck.) 4to. lansbrucl; 1869. A. W. Bennett. Flowers and their Unbidden Guests. AVith a prefatory letter by Chaeles Daewzs-. The Translation Eevised and Edited by William Ogle. Pp. xvi, 164, & 3 plates. Svo. London, 1878. A. W. Bennett. Kew — Royal Gardens. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information for 1899. Xos. 1.55-156: 1901. X^os. 169-177 : 1902. App. I-IV. Svo. London, 1901. Director. Kidd (Walter Aubrey). Use-Inheritance illustrated by the Direction of Hair on the Bodies of Animals. Pp. 47, figs. 16. Svo. London, 1901. Author. 68 PROCEEDINGS OE THE Kirby (William For sell). Hymerioptera >^ Hemiptera j Homoptera ' of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Mallophaga i Monogr. of Christmas Island. Nem-optera 1 Orthoptera ' Klaveness (Johannes). Studien iiber die Natal- nnd die Uganda-aloe. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 45. 8vo. Bern, 1901. Hans Schinz. Kohelt (Wilhelm). See Berlin : Das Tierreich. Mollusca — Cyclophoridse. Lafar (Franz). Techuische Mykologie. Mit einem Vorwort A^on Emil Christian Hansen. Band II. : Eumyeeten-Garungen. Pp. 371-538 ; mit 68 Ahbildungen im Text und einer Tabelle. 8vo. Jena, 1901. Lamhe (Lawrence M.). A Eevision of the Genera and Species of Canadian Palaeozoic Corals. The Madreporaria Aporosa and the Madreporaria Rugosa. See Canada Geol. Surv. — Contrib. to Canad. Palseontol,, vol. iv. part 2. Larter (Clara Ethelinda). Manual of the Plora of Torquay. Pp. 83. 8vo. Torquay, 1900. Author. Leche (Wilhelm). Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Zahnsystems der Saugethiere. II. Theil : Phylogenie. 1 Heft : Die Parailie der Erinaceidae. Pp. 103 ; mit 4 Tafeln und 59 Text- figuren. (Bibl. Zool. Bd. xv. Heft 37.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1902.. Legre (Ludovic). La Botanique en Provence au XVI*" Siecle. HuttUES BE Soliee. 8vo. Marseille, 1899. B. Daydon Jackson. La Botanique en Provence au XVI'' Siecle. Louis Anguillaea, PieeeeBelon, Chaeles de L'Escluse, Antoine CoNSTANTiN. 8\^o. Marseille, 1901. B. Daydon Jackson. Leidy (Joseph). Contributions to the Extinct Vertebrate Eauna of the Western Territories. Pp. 358 ; plates 37. (Hay den Eept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Territories, i.) 4to. Washington, 1873. Leitgeb (Hubert). Ueber Bau und Entwicklung der Sporenhaute und deren Verhalten bei der Keicnung. Pp. 112 ; mit 43 Doppeltafeln. 8vo. Oraz, 1884. L'Escluse (Charles de). La Botanique en Provence au XVI^ Siecle. See Legre (Ludovic). Leverett (Frank). The Pleistocene Features and Deposits of the Chicago Area. (Chicago Acad. Sci., Bull. no. 2, Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 1897.) Svo. Cliicago, 1897. Lilford {Lord). See Owen (J. A.) and Boulger (G. S.). The Country Month by Month. Lindley (John). The Theory and Practice of Horticulture ; or an attempt to explain the Chief Operations of Gardening upon Physiological Grounds. Being the Second Edition of the Theory of Horticulture much enlarged. Pp. xvi, 606; figs. 98. 8vo. London, 1855. LIXXEAX SOCIETY OF LOXDO]!f. 69 Xindman (C. A. M.). Vegetationen i Eio Grande do Sul (Sydbrasilien). Pp. x, 239 ; med 69 Bilder och 2 Kartor. 8vo. Stockholm, 1900. Xindsay (William Xander). The Lichen-Flora of Greenland. (Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. x.) Svo. Edinhtrgh, 1869. A. W. Bennett. Xinton (Edward Francis). Flora of Bournemouth including the Isle of Purbeck ; being an Account of the Flowering Plants, Ferns, &c., of the Country within atwelve-mileradius of the centre of Bournemouth. Pp. viii,290, & Map. Svo. Bournemouth, 1900. Xiverpool. Xiverpool Marine Biology Committee. Memoirs on Typical British Marine Plants and Animals. Edited by W. A. Heedman. I.-IX. Svo. Livciyool, 1899-1902. VIII. Pleuronectes. Bv Frank J. Cole and James Joiinstoxe. Pp. viii, 252; plates 11. 1901. IX. Chondrus. By Otto Yernox Darbisiiire. 1902. Xiverpool School of Tropical Medicine. 3Iemoirs, IV. 4to. Liverpool, 1901. IV. Report of the Malaria Expedition to Xigeria of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology. By H. E. Anxett, J. Everett Duttox, and J. H. Elliott. Part II. Filariasis. Pp. 92 ; plates 19. Appendix, pp. xvi, plates 3. Bibliography, pp. xiv. (1901.) Naturalists' Field Club. Proceedings for 1901. Svo. Liverpool, 1902. Xlanos (Antonio). See Blanco (Manuel). Flora de Filipinas. Loesener (Theodor). ]\[onographia Aquifoliacearum. Pp. viii, 570; Tafelal5. (Xova Acta, Ixxviii.) Aio. HalJe-a.-Sacae,W01. Xoew (Oscar) luid Bokorny (Thomas). Ueber das Yerhalten von Ptianzenzellen zu stark verdiinnter alkalischer Silberlcisung. Pp. 7. (Bot. Centralbl. sxxviii.) Svo. Cassel, 1889. A. W. Bennett. Xohmann (Hans). See Berlin : Das Tierreich. Acarina — Hydrach- nidse und Halacaridae. Xondon. Royal Society. Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1880-1883). Supplementary volume. Tol. XII. 4to. London, 1902. Society of Antiquaries. Archoeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity. Vol. 57. Pp. 1-28. 4to. London, 1901. Xucas (W. J.). British Dragonflies. (Odonata.) Pp. xiv, .356 ; plates 27 'DO>'. 7 1 Moss Exchange Club. See Stroud. Mliller (Hermann), Thv.rriau. Die Sporenvorkeime und Zweig- vorkeime der Laubmoo;se. Inaugural-Dissertation. 8vo. Leijizig, 1874. A. W. Bennett. Mliller (Johannes). Briefe von J. MijLLEii an Adders Eetzius, von dem Jahre 1830 bis 1857. See Retzius (Giistaf ). Munich. Koniglich-bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Ziele und Aufgaben der Akademien im zwanzigsten Jahr- hundert. Eede in der oifentlichen Festsitzung der K.-b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen am 14. K'ovember 1900, von Kael Alfred ton Zittel. Pp. 17. 4to. 3Iunc7ien, 1900. Murray (Sir John). See British Museum — Mouogr. of Christmas Island. Naegeli (Carl von). Ueber oligodynamische Erscheinungen in lebenrlen Zellen. Mit einem Vorwort von Simon Schwendeneb und einem Nachtrag von Carl Cramer. Pp. 51. (Neue Denkschr, schweiz. Xat. Ges. xsxiii.) 4to. Zurich, 1893. A. W. Bennett. Nansen (Fridtjof ). The ]N"or\vegian jN'orth Polar Expedition 1893- 181J6. Scientitic Eesults. Edited by Eeidtjof Nansen. Vol.1. 4to. Ckristiania, London, Leij)zig, 1900. A Geological Sketch of Cape Elora and its Neighbourhood. See Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893-1896. An Account of the Birds. See Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893-1896. Nathorst (Alfred Gabriel). Fossil Plants from Erauz Josef Land. See Norwegian North Polar Exped. 1893-1896. Naves (Andres). See Blanco (Manuel). Flora de Filipinas. Neuweiler (E.). Beitriige zur Kenntniss schweizerischer Torf- nioore. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 61 : mit 2 Tafeln. (Vier- teljahrsschr. nat. Ges. Ziirich, xlvi.) 8vo. Zihich, 1901. Hans Schinz. New Phytologist (The). See Phytologist (The New). Newton (Alfred). Gilbert White of Selborne : born 18 July 1720 ; died 26 June, 1793. Private Eeprint of a proof as revised by the Author for the ' Dictionary of National Biography,' vol. 61, 1899. Pp. 34. 8vo. Cambridge, 1900." Author. Niedenzu (Franz). De genere Byrsonima. See Braunsberg : Botanisches Institut. Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirbelthiere. Herausgegeben vou Dr. Franz Keibel. Hefte I.-III. fol. Jena, 1897-1901. II. Keibel (Franz) unci Abraham (Karl). Normentafel zur Entwick- lungsgeschichte des Huhnes ( Gallus domcsticus). Pp. 132 ; Tafeln 3. 1900." III. Semox (Richard). Normentafel zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Cemtodus Forsteri. Pp. 38 : Tafeln 3 und 17 Figuren im Text. 1901. North (Alfred J.). Nests and Eggs of Birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania. See Sydney : Australian Museum. 72 PBOCEEDIIfGS OF THE Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition. Norske Nordhavs- Expedition, 1876-78: xxviii. 4to. Christiania, 1901. XXVIII. MoUusca, III. By Herman Friele and James A. Grieg. 1901. Kemiske Under s0gelser af Skaller af MoUusker og af Torrede Echi- nodermer. By L. Schmelck. Gates (Eugene William). Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. I. Eatitse; Carinatae (Tinamit'ormes — Lariformes). Pp. xxiii, 252 ; plates 18. See British Museum — Birds. Oestrup (Ernst). Freshwater Diatoms. Phyto-geographical Studies based Tipon the Freshwater Diatoms of the Faeroes. See Warming (J. E. B.). Botany of the Faeroes. Ogle (William). Flowers and their Unbidden Guests. See Kerner von Marilaun (Anton). Oliver (Francis Wall). Ueber Fortleitung des Eeizes bei reizbaren Narben. Pp. 8, figs. 2. (Ber. deutsch, Bot. Ges. v.) 8vo. Berlin, 1887. On the Obliteration of the Sieve-tubes in Laminarieae. Pp. 23 ; 2 plates. (Ann. Bot. i.) 8vo. O.vford, 1887. A. W. Bennett. On the Sensitive Labellum of Masdevallia muscosa, Rchb. f. Pp. 17, & 1 plate. (Ann. Bot. i. nos. 3 & 4.) 8vo. O.vford, 1888. A. W. Bennett. On the Structure, Development, and Affinities of Tmpella, Oliv., a new Genus of Pedalineae. Pp. 41 ; 5 plates & 1 woodcut. (Ann. Bot. ii. no. 5.) 8yo, Oxford, 1888. A. W. Bennett. Oppel (Albert). Lehrbuch der vergleichenden mikroskopischen Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. Teil III. Mundhohle, Bauch- speicheldriise imd Leber. Pp. x, 1180 ; Tafeln 10. 8vo. Jena, 1900. Ostenfeld (Carl Hansen). Geography and Topography ^ Industrial Conditions Geology Climate ^ of the Faeroes. Phanerogamae and Pteridophyta i Phyto-geographical Studies based upon observa- I tions of " Phanerogam ae and Pteridophyta " J See Warming (J. E. B.). Botany of the Faeroes. Osterwalder (Adolf). Beitriige zur Embryologie von Aconitum Napellus L. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 45 ; mit 5 Tafeln. (Flora, Bd. 85.) 8vo. Milnclien, 1898. Hans Schinz. Otto (Robert). Untersuchungen iiber Stickstoff-Assimilation in der Pflanze. See Frank (Albert Bernhard). Owen (Jean A.) and Boulger (George Simonds). The Country Month by Month. A new Edition, with Xotes by Thomas Ltttleton Powts, Atli Baron Lilford. Pp. viii, 492. 8vo. London, 1902 [1901]. G. S. Poulger. Pace (Stephen). Contributions to the Study of the Columbellidae. Xo. 1. (Proc. Malacol. Soc. v.) 8vo. London, 1902. Author. linneajST society of londok. 73 Paetzold (Ernst). Beitrage zur pharmacognostischen uud chemischen Keuntnis des Harzes und Holzes von Guajacum officinale L., sowie des "Palo balsamo." Inaugural-Dissei'tation. Pp. 117. 8vo. Strassburg i. Els., 1901. Dr. Ed. Schaer. Pagenstecher (Arnold). >S^ee Berlin: Das Tierreich. Liefg. 17. Lepi- doptera — Callidulidse. Painter (William Hunt). A Contribution to the Flora of Derby- shire. Being an Account of the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Characese found in the County. Pp. 156 and Map. Svo. London ^- Derhj, 1889. A Supplement to a Contribution to the Flora of Derby- shire, including a list of Mosses found in the County. Pp. iv, 72. (Eeprinted from the ' Naturalist,' 1899 & 1902.) " Svo. Leeds, 1902. Para (Brazil). Museu Paraense de Historia Natural e Ethnogi'aphia. Boletim, Vol. 11. nn. 2, 3, 4 ; III. n. 1. Svo. Para, 1 897-1900. Pasteur (Louis). New Conti'ibutions to the Theoiy of Fermen- tations. (Q. Journ. Micro. Sci. sili., Transl. from C. E. Ixxv. 1872.) Svo. London, 1S73. A. W. Bennett. Pearson (William Henry). The Hepaticse of the British Isles. Vol. I. Text. Vol. II. Plates. Eoy. Svo. London, 1899-1902. Penhallow (David Pearce), Notes on Devonian Plants. (Trans. Eoy. Soc. Canada, vii.) 4to. Montreal, 1889. Two species of Trees from the Post-Glacial of Illinois. (Trans. Eoy. Soc. Canada, ix.) 4to. Montreal, 1891. ParJca decipiens. Notes on specimens from the Collections of James Eeid, Esq., of Allan House, Blairgowrie, Scotland. See Dawson {Sir William). Percival (John). The Hop and its English Varieties. Pp. 29, tigs. 22. (Journ. Eoy. Agric. Soc. Engl. Ixii.) Svo. London, 1902. Author. Peretti (Vincenzo). Storia naturale dello sviluppo sociale de Genere Umano. Pp. xii, 350. Svo. Cittd di Castello, 1902. Author, Pestalozzi (Anton). Die Gattung Boscia, Lam. Inaugural- Dissertation. (Bull. I'Herb. Boissier, vi. Append, no. 3.) Svo. Geneve, 1898. Hans ScMnz. Petrasch (J.). On the Cultivation of Alpine Plants. See Sebotli (Joseph). Alpine Plants painted from Nature. Pfeffer (Wilhelm). Pflanzenphysiologie. Ein Handbuch der Lehre vom Stoffwechsel und Kraftwechsel in der Pflanze. Zweite voUig umgearbeitete Auflage. Band 11. Kraftwechsel. Pp. 353 ; mit 31 Abbildimgeu in Holzschnitt. Svo. Leipzirj, 1901. Philippi (Rudolph Amandus). Figuras y descripciones de Aves Chiienas. (An. Mus. Nac. Chile, Entrega 15'\) 4to. Santiago de Chile, 1902. Author. 74 PKOCEEDIXGS OF THE Phytologist (The New). A British Botanical Journal. Edited by Arthuk Geoege Tansley. Vol. 1. nn. 1, 2. 8vo. London, 1902. Piersig (Gustav Richard). /S'ee Berlin : Das Tierreich. Acarina — Hydrachnidae und Halacaridae. Pieter (Adrian John) and Brown (Edgar). Kentucky Bluegrass Seed : Harvesting, Curing, and Cleaning. Pp. 19 ; plates 6. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bull. no. 19.) 8v'o. Washington, 1902. B. Daydon Jackson. Pocock (R. Innes)., Chilopoda, Diplopoda, and Arachnida of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Pompeckj (Josef Felix). The Jurassic Pauna of Cape Plora, Pranz Josef Land. With a Greological Sketch of Cape Plora and its Xeighhourhood by Pridtjof Natstsek. See Norwegian North Polar Exped., 1893-1890. Port-of-Spain. Trinidad Royal Botanic Gardens. Annual Eeport for 1901. fol. Port-of-Sjmin, 1002. J. H. Hart. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos, 28-34. 8vo. Port-of-Spain, 1901-1902. Powys (Thomas Lyttleton), Ath Baron Lilford. See Owen (J. A.) and Boulger (G. S.). The Country Month by Month. Praeger (Robert Lloyd). Irish Topographical Botany, compiled largely from Original Material. Pp. clxxxviii, 410, & 5 Maps. (Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. 3 ser. vii.) 8vo. Dublin, 1901. Pringsheim (Nathanael). Ueber die Entstehung der Kalkin- crustationen an Siisswasserpflanzen. Pp. 18. (Pringsh. Jahrb. wiss. Bot. xix. Heft 1.) Svo. Berlin, 1888. A. W. Bennett. Radcliffe (Richard Duncan). A Memoir of Thomas Gtlazebeook ErLA^^DS of Highfield, Thelwall, Cheshire. Compiled by R, D. EADCLirPE. (Privately printed.) 8vo. Exeter, 1901. Ray Society. — Publications (cont.). Michael (Albert D.). British Tyroglyphidae. Vol. I. Pp. xiii, 291 : plates 19. ' 8vo. London, 1901. Regel (Eduard August von). Monographia Generis Eremostachi/s. (Act. Hort. Petrop. ix.) Pp. 48 & tab. 8. 8vo. Petropoli, 1886. AlUl species Asise centralis, in Asia Media a Turcomania, desertisque Aralesibus etCaspicis usque ad Mongoliamcrescentes. (Act. Hort. Petrop. x.) Pp. 84 & tab. 8. 8vo. Petropoli, 1887. A. W. Bennett. Descriptiones et emendationes Plantarum in horti imperiali botanico Petropolitano cultarum. Pp.12. (Act. Hort. Petrop. xii.) 8vo. Petrojwli, 1889. A. W. Bennett. Reid (Clement). Notes on the Plant-Remains of Roman Silchester. (Archaeologia, Soe. Antiqu. Ivii.) 4to. London, 1901. Author. Retzius (Gustaf). Briefe von Johannes Mttllee an Anders Retziis, von dem Jahre 1830 bis 1857. 4to. StocMohn, 1900. Author. LIXNEAX SOCIETY OF LO'DOX. 75 Reutty (X.). Der Kork als Yerschlussmaterial mit specieller Beriicksichtigung seiner permeabilitiit f iir Mikroben. luaiigural- Dissertation. Pp. 39: mit 2 Tafeln. 8 vo. IF*/?, 1900. Hans Scliinz. Ehees (William Jones). The Smithsonian Institution. Documents relative to its Origin and History, 1835-99. (Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. vols. 42, 43.) Vol. I. 1835-1887, pp. liii, 1-1044. „ II. 1887-1899, pp. xTi, 1045-1983. 8vo. Wasliington, 1901. Richter (Aladar). Physiologisch-anatomische TJntersuchungeu iiber Luftwurzeln mit besonderer Beriic-ksichtigang der AVurzelhaube. Pp. 50, Tafeln 12. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 54.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1901. Ridgway (Robert). The Birds of North and Middle America. Part I. Pp. XXX, 715 ; plates 20. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 50.) 8vo. WasJiiw/ton, 1901. Rosa (Daniel). Vermes (Earthworms) of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christmas Island. Rosenthaler (Leopold). Phytochemische Untersuchung der Pischfangpflauze Verhascum sinuatum L., und einiger anderer Scrophulariaceen. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 109. 8vo. Franl:fuH-a.-Maln, 1901. Dr. Ed. Schaer. Rostrup (E.). Pungi of the Paerties. See Warming (J. E. B.). Botany of the Pterues. Rouville (Etienne de). Manuel Zoologique. See Selenka (Emil). Rylands (Thomas Glazebrook). A Memoir of Thomas Glaze- BKOOK Rylands of Highfields, Thelwall, Cheshire. Compiled by Richard Dukcax Radclifpe. Pp. 47. (Privately printed.) 8vo. Exeter, 1901. Rylands family. Sabatier (Armand). Manuel Zoologique. See Selenka (Emil). Saccardo (Pietro Andrea). Sylloge Pungorura omnium hucusque coguitorum. Vol. XVI. Supplementum Universale, Pars V. auctoribus P. A. Saccardo et Paul Sydow. 8vo. Patavii, 1902. Saint-Hilaire (Isidore GeofFroy). Essais de Zoologie G-enerale, on Memoires et Notices sur la Zoologie Generale, I'Anthropologie, et I'Histoire de la Science. Pp. xv, 519 ; plates 8. (Suites a Buff on.) 8vo, Paris, 1841. Salmon (Ernst Salmon). A Monograph of the Erysiphacea,-. Pp. 292 ; plates 9. (Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, ix.) 8vo. Neiv Yorlc, 1900. Santiago de Chile. Museo Nacional de Chile. Anales. Entrega 15\ Anales I. Zoologi'a. 4to. Santiago, 1902. XV\ Figuras y descripciones de Aves Chilenas, por el Dr. K. A. PiiiLiPPi. 1902. Pp. 114; plates 51. Sars (George Ossian). Crustacea. See Norwegian North Polar Exped., 1893-1896. 76 PEOCEEDINGS Op THE Savi (Pietro), Sul Biopliytum sensitivum, DC. (Mem. R, Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, t. xxi.) 4to. Turin, 1861. A. W. Bennett. Schaer (Eduard). Arzneipflanzen als Pischgifte. Beitriige aus dem pharmaceutiscben Institute dei' Universitat. (Festgabe d. Deutscben Apotbeker-Vereins, Strassburg, 1897.) 8vo. Strassburg, 1897. Author. Schmelck (L.). Kemislie Unders.ogelser af Skaller a£ Molusker og af Torrede Echinodermer. See Norwegian North-Atlantic Exped., xxviii. Schwendener (Simon). Ueber oligodynamisobe Erscbeinungen in lebenden Zellen. See Naegeli (Carl von). Sclater (Philip Lutley). Tbe G-eograpby of Mammals. See Sclater (William Lutley). Sclater (William Lutley) and Sclater (Philip Lutley). The Geography of Mammals. Pp. xviii, 335 ; figs. 50 and 8 Maps. 8vo. London, 1899. Scofield (Carl S.). Tbe Algerian Durum Wbeats : A Classified List, with Descriptions. Pp. 13 ; plates 18. (U.S. Dept. Agric, Bureau of Plant Industr., Bull. no. 7.) 8to. WasMnrjton, 1902. B. Daydon Jackson. Scott (Dukinfield Henry) and Wager (Harold). On tbe Ploating- Eoots of Seshania aculeata, Pers. Pp. 8, and 1 plate. (Ann. Bot. i. nn. 3 & 4.) 8vo. Oxford, 1888. A. W. Bennett. Scudder (Samuel Huhhard). Adephagous and Clavicorn Cole- optera from tbe Tertiary Deposits at Plorissant, Colorado ; with Descriptions of a few other Forms and a Systematic List of tbe Xon-E.byncbopborous Tertiary Coleoptera of North America. Pp. 148, plates 11. (U.S. Geol. Surv., Monogr. 40.) 4to. Washington, 1900. Canadian Fossil Insects ; Additions to tbe Coleopterous Fauna of tbe Interglacial Clays of the Toronto District. With an Appendix by A^'deew D. Hopkins on tbe SeoJytid borings from tbe same deposits. (Geol. Surv. Canada, Contrib. Canad. Palseont. vd. ii. part 2.) Svo. Ottawa, 1900. Index to North American Ortboptera. Pp. vi, 436. (Occasional Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, vi.) 8vo. Boston, 1901. Seboth (Joseph). Alpine Plants painted from Nature by Joseph Sebotb ; tbe Text by Ferdinand Gbaf, with an Introduction on tbe Cultivation of Alpine Plants by J. Petrasch. Edited by Alfred William Bennett. 4 vols. 16mo. London, \ 879-1884. A. W. Bennett. Selenka (Emil). Manuel Zoologique a consulter pendant les Cours et les Travaux Pratiques. Traduit sur la quatrieme Edition AUemande par Etienne de Eouville, avec une preface du Abmand Sabatier. I. luvertebres. Pp. vi, 105 ; figs. 500. II. Vertebres. Pp. 119 ; figs. 3(X). 8vo. Paris, 1898. 1INXEA>" SOCIETY OF LONDON. 77 Selenka (Emil). Studien iiber Entwickelungsgeschichte der Tiere. Hefte 1-9. 4to. Wiesbaden, 1883-1902. IX. Menschenaffen (Antbropomorphte) Stuclieu iiber Entwickelung unci Schadelbau. Der Uuterkiefer des Autbropomorphen und des Menscbeu in seiuei- Funktionellen Entwickelung und Gestalt, Ton Dr. Otto Walkhoff. 1902. Semon (Richard). Norinentafel zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Ceratodus Forsteri. Pp. 38 ; Tafeln 3, und 17 Figiiren im Text. 1901. See Normentafeln zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wirhelthiere. Sharpe (Richard Bowdler). Aves of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr. of Christinas Island. Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceano- graphisch en geologisch gebied verzameldj in Xederlandsch Oost-Indie 1899-1900, aan boord H.M. Sihoga ondei- commando van Luitenant ter zee P kl. G. F. Ti'DEMAif ; uitgegeven door Dr. Max Webee. Monographie 44. 4to. Leiden, 1901. Monogr. 44. Sluitee (C. Ph.). Die Holothurien der Siboga-Espedi- tion. Pp. 141 ; plates 10. 1901. Simpson (Charles Torrey). The Mollusca of Porto Eico. See Dall (William Healey). Slater (Henry Horrocks). Manual of the Birds of Iceland. Pp. xxiii, 150 ; 1 plate and Map. Svo. Edinburc/h, 1901. Sluiter (C. Ph.). Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. See Siboga-Expeditie. Smith (Edgar A.). Mollusca of Christmas Island. See British Museum — Monogr, of Christmas Island. Smyth (Walter). Hardy Border PloAvers the Year Eouud. 2nd Edition. Pp. 46; plates 5. Svo. Belfast 4- Dublin, 1902. Author. Solier (Hugues de). Le Botauique en Provence au XVI*" Siecle.. See Legre (Ludovic). Southwell (Thomas). Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk, more especially on the Birds and Pishes. See Browne (Sir Thomas). Stainier (Xavier). L'Age de la Pierre du Congo. (Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. iii. Ethnog. & Anthrop., i.) 4to. Bruxelles, 1899. Steiner (J.). Die Fuuctionen des Centi-alnerven systems und ihre Phvlogenese. Abtheilung 1-4. 8vo. BraunscJiweig, 1885-1900. Stenzel(K.GustavW.). AbweichendeBliiten heimischerOrchideen, mit einem Eiickblick auf die der Abietineen. Pp. 136, mit 6 Tafeln. (Bibl. Bot. Heft 55.) 4to. Stuttgart, 1902. Straton (Charles Robert). Alternating Generations : a Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Plies. See Adler (Hermann). Stroud. Moss Exchange Club. Eeports, 1896-1901. Svo. Stroud, 1899-1901. Rev. C. H. WaddelL jS pboceedijStgs op the Studer (Theophil). Alcyonaires (Hirondelle). See Albert. Sydney. Australian Museum. Special Catalogue, No. 1. Nests aud Eggs of Birds found breeding ia Australia and Tasmania. By Alfeed J, Noeth. (Second Edition of Catalogue No. xii., entirely Ee-written, with Additions.) Part I, pp. 1-36 ; plates A 1 , B 1. ,, II., pp. 37-120 ; plates B ii., B iii., B iv. 4to. Sj/clneij, 1901-1902. Sydow (Paul). Sylloge Euugorura. See Saccardo (Pietro Andrea.) Sykes (Ernest Ruthven). Digesta Malacologica, No. 1. A Summary of the American Journal of Conchology, 1865-1872. Pp. 46. 8vo. 'London, 1901. Szyszylowicz (Ignatz, Jiitter von). Hepaticse Tatrenses. O Eoz- mieszczeniu Watrobovvcow w Tatrach. Pp. 101, & tab. 5. (Rozpr. i Spraw. Akad. Umiej. xix.) 8vo. Krakoiv, 1884. A. W. Bennett. Tansley (Arthur George). See Phytologist (The New). Theobald (Frederick V.). Notes on a Collection of Mosquitoes from West Africa, and Descriptions of New Species. (Liverp. School Tropical Medicine, Mem. iv. Append.) 4to. Liverjwol, 1901. Monograph of the Culicidse or Mosquitoes of the World. See British Museum — Diptera. Thomann (Julius). 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The Eocene and Lower Oligocene Coral Faunas of the L'nited States, with Descriptions of a few doubtfully Cretaceous Species. By T. Waylaxd Vauguax. Pp. 2()3 ; plates 24. (1900.) „ 40. Adephagous and Clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary Deposits at Florissant, Colorado, with Descriptions of a few other Forms and a Systematic List of the Non-Ehynchophorous Tertiary Coleoptera of North America. By Saiiuel Hubbard ScuDDER. Pp. 148; plates 11. (1900.) Ursprung (Alfred). Beitriige zur Anatomie und Jahresring- bildung tropischer Holzarten. Inaugural-Dissertation. Pp. 81. 8vo. Basel, 1900. Hans Schinz. Vaughan (Isaac). A'eteriuary Anatomy. See Strangeways (T.). Vaughan (T. Wayland). The Eocene and Lower Oligocene Coral Faunas of the United States, Avith Descriptions of a few doubtfully Cretaceous Species. Pp. 263 ; plates 24. (U.S. Geol. Surv., Monogr. 39.) 4to. Washington, 1900. Vavra (Wenzel). Untersuchung des Elbeliusses und seiner Alt- wasser durchgefiihrt auf der iibertragbaren zool. 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Pp. 271. 8vo. Ottawa, 1901. Wildeman (Em. de). Les Cafe'iers. (Etude publiee sous les auspices de I'Etat Independant du Congo.) I. 8vo. Brv.velhs, 1901. Winter! (Joseph Jakob). Index Horti Botanici Universitatis Hungarica?, qua? Pestiiii est. Pp. vi, 112 ; tab. 14. {Incomplete.) 8vo. Pestuii, 1788. Dr. Alex. Magocsy-Dietz. Wittrock (Veit Brecher). Forsok till en monographi ofver algsliitrtet Monostroma. Academisk Afhaiidlino;. Pp. 00 ; plates 4. 8vo. Sfocl-holm, 1800. — Oil the Development and Systematic Arrangement of tho Pithophoracese, a New Order of Algae. (Koy. Soc. Ups. 1877.) 4to. Upsrila, 1877. A. W. Bennett. Woltereck (Richard). Trocliophom-Studien, I. Ueber die His- tologie der Larva uud die Entstehung des Annelids bei den Polvgordius-Arten der Xordsee. Pp. 71 ; mit 11 Tafeln und 2o TexttigLiren. (Bibl. Zool. xiii. Heft 34.) 4to. Siuttr,art, 1902. Woodward (Henry). GS. — SESSION' 1901-1902. INDEX TO THE PROCEEDINGS. SESSION 1901-19U2. Ji^ote. — Tlie following ore not indexed ;— The name of tlie Cliairnian at ?ach meeting ; speakers whose remarks are uot reported ; and passing allubions. Abstrncts of Papers, 4. -■-48. Accounts, 15; laid before Meeting, 13. Additions to Library, 53-81. Address, Presidential, 16-24. Africa, Composite flora (Moore) 12 j marine organisjii from, 5. African Heiichi\//S(i shown, 2 ; Shoebill, photos, shown, 13. Allis, E. P.. elected, 43. Alpine Flora of New Zealand, 9. Alsike seedlings, calcium oxalate crystals in (Fercival), 44. Auatidaj, drawings shown, 10. Andrews, C. W., on Tevlebrate fossils from Egypt, 6. Annual Address, Presidential, 16-24.. AntJiurnisviclanura, of IS'ew Zealand, 9. Arachnidiuni, mentioned, 5. Araiicaria BldwiUu, germinating seeds shown, 1-2. Archidendron solomoncnsis. 1. Arenaria, species of Heiichrysuvi re- sembling, 2. Argiilus cfigcmteus mentioned, 5 ; scuti- formis shown, 5. Asia, High, ov Tibet, flora of (Hemsley & Pearson), 8. Assistant Secretary, post vacated, 19. Atkinson, A. S., withdrawn, 14.. Auditors, elected, 12 ; Treasurer's statement signed by, 15. Australia, West, Yuke tubers from, i. BalcBniceps rex, photos, shown, 13. Ballot for Council, 16. Barrett, Lt.-Col. A. A., elected, 4. Barrow, T., fossils from Egypt, 6. Bashall Hall, Yorks., nest of Sand- martin from, 6. Batrachian Rammudus hybrids, 9. Beadnell. H, J. L., fossils from Egypt, 6. Beale, E. J., deceased, 14 ; obituary, Beardsley, A,, deceased, 14. Bell- bird of ]\ew Zealand, 9. Bennett, A. W., deceased, 14; men- tioned by President, 1 7 ; obitiiary, 26. Birds of New Zealand, 9. Llack-Currant (jlali-u.ite (Warbuiton & Einbleton), 3. Boott, F., types of Carex in his her- barium (Clarke), 3, Bosc, J. C, eleetric response in plants, II. Botanical publications of the United Kingdom (Jackson ', 10, 47. Botany, evenings reserved for, 3, BotryopteridesB (Scott J, 47, Bott, (i. E., admitted, 8 ; elected, 4. Bowles, E. A., eleeted, 43. Uravhyodus-remainyi at Mozara, 6. Brain of Elephant Shrew (iSmith), 13. Braithwaitc, Dr. R., appointed Scruti- neer, 16. Briant, T. J., withdrawn, 14. British Anatidse, drawing^, 10. British Guiana, Pachira from, 11. British Museum, Cirrhipeds (GruTel) 10. Broom, E.,, shoulder-girdle of Marsu- pials, 13. Bunodewpsis globulifcra, Verrill (Duer- den), 10, Bunya-hunya seeds, 2, Burbidge, E. W., varieties of Buhtts australis shown, 3. Burgess, Rev. W., admitted, 7 ; elected, 4- Butler, E. J., elected, 10. TXDEX. S3 C ilfiiim oxalate crystals in Alsike seed- lings (Pereival), 44. Ca/o.-tfemma. bulbil of, 2. Cair.v, types in Boott's herbarium (Clarke), ^. Carriitliers, W., nominated V.-P-, 43. CcliiiiMa corincra, Raoul, 9, Haadii, Hook, f., 9. ramiduaa. Hook, f., g. Cerebellaui, niauiinaliaii (Sniitli), 13. Cerebral commissures (Smith), 44. Chapman. F., Foraiuinifer.i from Funa- futi, 5 ; Ostracoda from Funafuti, 7. Cheeseinaii, T. F., Flora of Rarotonga, Ciierrv disease in Kent, 7. ChichestPi-, C R., elected, 12. Christy, R. M., VVkites Thrush shown, 6. Christj', T, appointed Scrutineer, 16; votes of tiiauks to Tre:iturer. 13. Chiffra from Tanganyika (Digbv), 10. Ciiiclas oqitaficiis, nest shown, 6. Cirrhipeds in British Museum (GrUTcl), 10, Clarke, C. B., types of Carcx in Boott's herbarium, 3. Clavering, Essex. White's Thrush from, 6. Clematis indivii^, Willd., 9. Cockle, J., deceased, 14 ; obitiiary, 27. Collett, Sir H., deceased, 14; mentioned by President, 17 ; obituary, 28. Comber, T., deceased, 14-; obituary, 30. Commissures, cerebral (Smith), 44. Connor, R,, deceased, 14. Ciipepoda, Ohesklla a new genus (Ride- wood), 45. Cordi/linc australis ia Jfew Zealand, 10. Cory, C. B.. withdrawn, 14. CotUc ri/jaria, nest in a Dipper's nest, shown, 6. Council elected, 16. Cramer, C. E . deceased, 14 ; nxentioned by President, 17: obituary, 31. {Jrinitni asialkiim, GoebeFs observations on, 2. longifoUum, germinating seeds shown, 2. Crisp, F., elected Treasurer, 16 ; nomin- ated V.-P., 43. CrnssnphAiruH africanus shown, 5. Criistacea, New Zealand (Thomson), 12. Crystals in Alsike seedlings (Pereival), 44- Darwin, F., sensitiveness of root-tip, 9. J)as//urus, shoulder-girdle (Broom), 13- Deceased Fellows, etc., 14. De Winton, W. E., admitted, 11 ; elected, 10, Digbs-, L., Gasteropoda from Tangan- yika, 10. Dipper's nest sliown, 6. Dlschldia, species with double pitchers (Pearson). 44. Dofops l Black-Currant Gall-iuite, 3. Warner, R., letter from Linnasus, 48 ; siiown, 1 1. Weiss, F. E., Halonial brar.ch of Lrjii- doph/o/os, 12. West Indian Sea-Anemone (Duerdcn), JO. Wherrj-, G., on horns of wild sheep. White's Thrush shown, 6. Wiesner, J., elected Foreign Member, 13 ; mentioned by President, 19. Wilson, G. F., deceased, 14 ; obituary, 41- Winton, see De Winton. Withdrawals, 14. Woodward, A. S., removed from Council, 16. Wright, H., elected, 43. Yellow-bi-easted Tit of Hew Zealand, 9, Yorkshire, Sand-martin's nest from, 6. Yu/ce tubers shown, i. Zoology, evenings reserved for, 3. PRlNIEn BY TAYLOU AND FRANCIS, HED LICN COUltT, FLEET &TltEET, Publications of the Society issued during the twelve monthe, 1st July, 1901, to 30th June, 1902 :— Journal (Botany), No. 244, Ist April, 1902. „ 245, 21st July, 1902. „ (Zoology), No. 182, 15th July, 1901. „ 183, 1st Nov., 1901. „ 184, 1st April, 1902. „ 185, Ist July, 1902. Transactions (2nd ser. Botany), Vol. YI. Part ii., Sept. 1901. „ III., March 1902. „ (2nd ser. Zoology), Vol. VIII. Part v., Aug. 1901. „ VI., Sept. 1901. „ VII., Oct. 1901, „ VIII., June 1902. Proceedings, 113th Session, 1900-1901, October 1901. List of [Fellows, Associates, and Foreign Members], 1901-1902. ;