THE PROCEEDINGS LINNEAN SOCIETY NEW SOUTH WALES. FOR THE YEAR 1Q0 3. Vol. XXVIII. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE SOCIETY BY F. CUNNINGHAM K & CO., 146 PITT STREET, AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY. 1903-04. SYDNEY : F. CUNNINGHAME AND CO., PRINTERS, PITT STREET. L ; 3 R A R y 5 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND TITLES OF PAPERS. Andrews, E. C, B.A. — page Notes on the Geography of the Blue Mountains and Sydney District. (Plates xxxix.-xliv.) ... ... 786 Baker, R. T., F.L.S., Curator, Technological Museum, Sydney— A Revision of the Eucalypts of the Rylstone District 349 On a new Species of Callitris from Eastern Australia. (Plate xlv.) 839 Barwick, a. C— The Botany of the " Clears " and " Basalt Masses," County of Hunter, N.S. Wales. (Communicated by R.T, Baker, F.L.S.) 932 Betche, E., and J. H. Maiden — Notes from the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. No. 9 ... 904 DONAT, — ET SeURAT, — Sur Quelques Similitudes des Langues et des Coutumes des Indigenes de Funafuti (Ellice Group) et des Indigenes des lies de la Societe, de I'Archipel des Tuamotu, etc. ( C oyntnunicated by C lledley, F.L.S.) 926 Fitzgerald, W. V., F.S.Sc, Lond., F.R.H.S., Eng.— Descriptions of some new Species of West Australian Plants. (Communicated by J. II. Maiden, F.L.S., ci-cj 104 Froggatt, Walter W., F.L.S., Government Entomologist — Auatralmn Psyllidie. Part iii. (Plates iv.-v.) ... 315 Notes on the Genus Fsychopds, Newman, with De- scriptions of new Species. (Plate xxi.)... ... 453 2778G IV. LIST OF COXTRIBCTORS AND TITLES OF PAPERS. GODING, F. W., M.D , Ph.D.— PAGE A Monograph of the Australian MembracidMhiajm\\ Cryptorhynchides. Part vi. .. 643 McAlpine, D., Corresponding Member — Australian Fungi, New or Unrecorded. Decades iii.-iv. 94 Australian Fungi, New or Unrecorded. Decades v.-vi. 553 ^Iaidkn, J. H., F.L.S., Government Botanist of New South Waler and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney — The Flora of Norfolk Island. Part i. 'Plate xxxviii.) 692 The Variability of Eucalyptus under Cultivation. Part L 887 Maiden, J. H., and E. Betche — Notes from the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. No. 9 ... 904 Sande-s, F. p., M.D.. Ch.M.— The Corpus Luteum of Dasyurus viven'inni<, with OVjservations on the Growth and Atrophy of the Graafian Follicle. (Communicated by Pro/e^f^eracece]. Plate XXXVIII, — Dysoxylon Patert^oniamun, Benth,& Hook. f,[N,0. Meliace((']. Plate XXXIX. — Ideal Sections across the Blue Mountains during various Cycles, Plate XL. — Govett's Leap, illustrating canon- formation in alternating hard and soft layers of rock. Plate XLi, — Valley of Grose, illustrating denudation during Canon Cycle, Plate XLii, — Pittwater (Lower Hawkesbury) illustrating drowned valleys. Post-Tertiary subsidence. Plate xLiii. — View of the Lithgow Peneplain, showing the canon cut by the Port Hacking River, and the later drowning of the same. xii. LIST OF PLATES. Plate xLiv.— Map of Sydney District, showing extent of recent alluvium, deposited during recent subsidence and exposed by more recent elevation, Plate xh\.—Callitri^ (jracilU, n.sp. [N.O. Conifer^. Hah. — Pinjarrah, Bridgetown, West Australia (Lea): Brisbane, <^. (Try on) : Sydney, Rye Bay, Kempsey, Richmond R., WoUon- gong, Tweed R., Maitland, N.S.W. (Froggatt). This species may be easily separated from riresceus by the depressed appearance of the dorsum and horns, when viewed from the front, and absence of a transverse venule, near base of tegmina. S. BiPUNCTATUS, Fabr. 1775, Memhracis 2-piLiictata, Syst. Ent. p. 677. 1781, MemhracU 2-pif.ncfata, Spec. Ins. ii., p. 318. 1787, Memb7'acis 2-punctata, Mant. Ins. ii., p. 265. 1S03, Oentrotus 2-punctatus, Syst. Rhyng. ii., p. 19. 1869, Sextius bij^unctatus, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii., p. 52. Yellowish gray. Head very obtuse, short, front strongly inflexed. Prothorax angulate only, or tuberculate, above lateral angles. Tegmina tawny, a black spot on the middle of the interior vein of clavus, apex furnished with many cells. I have not seen an example of this species, but doubt if it is distinct from virescens, which would then become a synonym. BY F. W. GODING. 13 The above description is but a translation of the one ijiven bv Stal. The measurement is not mentioned. Type in Mus. Holm. Hdh. — New Holland (FaVjricius). ACANTIIUCUS, Stal. 1866, Hemiptera Africana, iv. p. 87. Prothorax elevated, rising vertical!}^ from the base, furnished with an acute triquetrous horn on each side, above lateral angles; posterior process slender, more or less sinuate, the median longi- tudinal carina between and behind lateral horns briefly foliaceous or elevated in a high tooth or horn. Tegmina with the corium furnished with five oblong apical and two discoidal cells; costal cell extended beyond radial; the two interior longitudinal veins destitute of a transverse venule near base; clavus with two veins, gradually narrowed to apex. Wings with four apical cells. Scutellum with apex truncated, ending, on each side, in a little tooth. Tibise and tarsi simple, not dilated. Type, Centrotus trispinife'i% Fairm. Synopsis of Species. 1 (3). Dorsum of posterior prothoracic process furnished with an acute elevation behind lateral horns. 2 (3). Posterior process far distant from the interior borders of closed tegmina, dorsum with a second elevation which is a high, triangular, acuminate horn ; apical cells of corium crescent-shaped, base curved toward interior rujiventris. '6 (2). Posterior process touching interior borders of closed tegmina throughout, with a second elevation an obtuse angle; apical cells of corium straight. 4 (5). First dorsal elevation an acute angle trispinifer. 5(4). First dorsal elevation a slender spine graciUspinus. 6 (1). Posterior prothoracic process not horned behind the lateral horns, but the median carina is somewhat elevated in an obtuse angle, or lightly foliaceous. 14 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACIDjE, 7 (11). Dorsal carina behind lateral horns elevated in an obtuse angle. 9 (10). Lateral horns short, turned outward and downward; size very small Kershmci. 10 (9). Lateral herns long, curved outward and upward; size large conspnrcatus. 11 (7). Dorsal carina lightly foliaceous behind lateral horns, not angulate hifipin}i.'<. "^A. RUFIVENTRIS, Walk. (Plate i., fig. 13.) 1861, Centrotus rufiventris., Walk., List Horn. Brit. iNIus. p. 616. Ferruginous, with a golden pubescence. Head piceous, triangular, minutely punctured, ocelli on a line passing through centre of eyes, and a little nearer to each other than to the eyes. Prothorax roughly punctured, front lightly inclined backward; lateral horns stout, extending outward and a little upward, towards the apex curved slightly to the horizontal, on the superior surface an obsolete carina; dorsal horn long and acute; posterior process long, slender, deeply sulcate at the base, curved at the middle into a high, triangular, acute eminence, distant from the abdomen, thereafter sloping to the very much attenuated apex which just passes the tip of the abdomen, but does not reach the apices of the tegmina. Tegmina pale tawny, punctured at the base and along the costa, a spot at the interior angle, and the veins surrounding the interior discoidal cell, ferruginous. Abdomen varies in colour from red to ferruginous. Legs ferruginous, tibiae with a row of golden hairs along each angle; tips of tarsi piceous. Long. 9 6; lat. 2; inch lat. corn. 4 mm. Type in British Museum. Hah. — Moreton Bay, Q. (Walker) : South Australia (Tepper). BY F. AV. GODING. 15 ■*A. TRISPINIFER, Fairm. (Plate i., fig. 7.) 1846, Centrotus trispinifer^ Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (2), iv. p. 515, pi. viii., fig. 35. Head fuscous, recurved, ocelli on a line with the centre of, and a little nearer to each other than to the eyes. Prothorax ferruginous brown to piceous ; armed over each lateral angle with a long, sharp horn, extending directly outward, apex turned a little downward and backward, superior surface with two small carinse; dorsal horn triangular, stout and pointed; posterior process sulcate above the basal half, then forming an obtuse angle, the apical half turned downward, not reaching apex of abdomen. Tegmina ferruginous, costa, base, and apical third somewhat opaque; corium with a light transverse band passing across the middle; exterior discoidal cell about one-half the size of interior. Chest black, with a light ferruginous spot on each side. Legs fuscous. Long. ^6, 9 7; lat. (inch lat. corn.) (J 4, ^ 4 mm. Type in Coll. Westwood. Hoh. — New Holland (Fairmaire) : Huon R., Hobart, Mount Wellington, Tasmania (Lea) : Tweed R., N.S.W. (Lea); Glouces- ter, N.S.W. (Froggatt) : South Australia (Tepper) : Victoria (Kershaw). *A. GRACILISPINUS, Stal. 1869, Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. p. 287. Ferruginous, some silky white pubescence. Prothorax punctured; lateral horns long, turned directly out- ward and obliquely upward, lightly decurved toward apex; the dorsal horn is erect, slender, rather long; posterior process dis- tinctly curved behind the middle, while in front it is a little elevated. Tegmina grayish hyaline, bases and towards apices ferruginous, base and costa punctured. 16 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMDRACID.f:, Scutellum and chest densely silky. Long. 9 5.\; lat. 2i mm. Tj^pe in Mus. Holm. Hah. — Northern Australia (Stal) : Bruni Is., Tasmania (Lea) : Victoria (French) : South Australia (Tepper) : Bunbury, "West Australia (Lea) : Clarence R., Tweed R., N.S.W. (Lea). This species is closely related to A. trispinifer; it differs in the longer lateral horns, which ascend obliquely, while the dorsal horn is longer, more slender and acute. *A. coxspuRCATus, Stal. 1869, Ofv. K. Yet. Akad. Forh. p. 288. Ferruginous, punctured. Prothoracic lateral horns medium, turned forward and distinctly upward, very slightly curved; median longitudinal carina elevated, behind the lateral horns, in an obtuse angle; posterior process lightly curved. Tegmina sordid hyaline, base and costa ferruginous and punctured, with an obsolete apical ferruginous spot; with two diseoidal cells. Long. 9 J:J; lat. 2 mm. Type in Mus. Holm. ^«6— \Yest Australia (Stal) : Tweed R., Blue Mts., N.S.W. (Froggatt) : Mt. Wellington, Huon R., Tasmania (Lea) : South Australia (Tepper) : Victoria (French). Closely allied to A. trispinifer, but differs in the lateral horns being turned distinctly upward and the dorsum destitute of an acute median horn. ■^A. Bispixus, Stal. 1869, Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. p. 288. Ferruginous black, punctured. Prothoracic lateral horn short, directed outward, destitute of a horn or angle behind these horns; posterior process lightly curved, and lightly foliaceous at base. BY F. W. GODING. 17 Tegrnina subvinaceous hyaline, base and costa ferruginous and punctured; base of third apical cell curved toward interior. Sides of chest and scutellum densely silky gray, pubescent. Long. $ 41, 9 5; lat. 2 mm. Type in Mus. Holm. Food plant, Acacia pycnantha. Hah. — Australia (Stal): Homebush, Tweed R., Sydney, ;N".S.W. (Lea); Clermont, Tweed R., Maitland, Mittagong, Richmond R., N.S.W. (Froggatt) : Swan R., Geraldton, Pinjarrah, West Aus- tralia (Lea) : Largs Bay, N. Mecklenburg, South Australia (Tepper) : Victoria (French) : Tasmania (Simson). Resembles the preceding, differing from it in the lateral horns being turned outward, and the median carina not elevated in an angle or horn, but slightly foliaceous at middle. The male is smaller, its lateral horns very diminutive. ■*A. Kershawi, sp.nov. Head black, triangular, apex acute, strongly curved backward. Eyes prominent; ocelli above a line passing through centre of eyes, near base, nearer to eyes than to each other. Prothorax inclined backward from base, piceous brown, covered with yellow hairs; lateral horns, short, turned directly outward, horizontal, slender, very acute; posterior process obtusely angled at base, thereafter slender, strongly sinuous to decurved acuminate apex, which does not reach the tips of tsgmina. Tegmina with the costa and clavus entirely opaque and punctured, two discoidal cells, the second nearly circular, almost reaching exterior border of corium; veins brown, covered with yellow hairs; third apical cell crescentiform. Body, femora and tarsi black. Long. (J 3 J, 9 4 mm.; lat. (J 1, 9 U mm. Described from one male and two females. Types in Coll. F.W.G. ^a6.— Thornleigh, Blue Mts., N.S.W. (Froggatt). 2 18 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACID.E, Dedicated to Mr. J. A. Kershaw, of the Melbourne Museum, who supplied me with a number of interesting Australian forms. Sertorius, Stal. 1866, Hemiptera Africana, iv. p. 88. Prothorax rising vertically from the base, furnished with an acute or equally broad horn, on each side, above lateral angles, distant between bases; posterior process touching scutellum, not distant; the median carina not elevated, but percurrent. Tegmina with tive oblong apical and two discoid al cells; the two ulnar veins of the corium joined near base by a transverse venule; exterior discoidal cell not petiolate; costal cell punctured and opaque, extended beyond radial ; clavus with two veins, gradually narrowed to apex. Wings with four apical cells. Scutellum transverse or almost equally long and wide, apex truncate, ending on each side, in a little tooth. Tibiae and tarsi simple, not dilated. Type, Centrohis australis, Fairm. Synopsis of Species. 1 (2). Lateral horns very short and small, third apical cell of tegmina long, straight ; females with, and males destitute of, transverse venule between two ulnar veins, near base austraUs. 2 (1). Lateral horns large and strong. 3 (10). Lateral horns conical, gradually narrowed towards apices. 4 (9). Third apical cell of corium long, narrow. 5 (6). Third apical cell of corium furnished with transverse venules a reolatus. 6 (5). Third apical cell of corium destitute of transverse venules. 7 (8). Lateral horns turned outward and backward, short ; tegmina more or less piceous brevicornis. 8 (7). Lateral horns turned outward and forward; tegmina transparent smoky yellow Tepperi. BY F. W. GODING. 19 9 (4). Third apical cell of corium not narrow; apex of first apical cell of corium not extended beyond base of second apical cell ; tegmina colourless, veins piceous, cells short curvica itdus. 10 (3). Lateral horns with sides parallel, not, or very slightly, narrowed towards apices which are subtruncated, anterior angle rounded, posterior acute. 11 (12).Lateral horns turned directly outward, lightly upward, broad at bases, widely separated, very strong fjiganticu>t. 12 (11). Lateral horns long, slender, very lightly curved, turned outward, strongly upward, narrow at base acanthasins. ■^S. AUSTRALis, Fairm. 1846, Centrotus aiistralis, Ann. Soc. Enb. Fr. (2), iv. p. 518. 1858, Ce7itrotus ohstans] Walk., List Horn. Brit. Mus. Suppl. p. 162. 1858, Centrotus binotatus, Walk., Ins. Saund. Horn. p. 81. Head piceous, broad, short, a small tooth on each side of the apex which is curved backward. Eyes large, prominent beyond sides of the prothorax; ocelli above line passing through centre of the eyes, to which they approach more nearly than to each other; base lightly curved. Prothorax piceous, convex, coarsely punctured, with a median longitudinal carina; lateral horns very small, short, conical, •extended directly outward; posterior process broad at base, gradually narrowed to the middle, thereafter slender, acuminate, decurved, reaching apices of tegmina; at the base it is notched showing the white tomentum on the scutellum. Tegmina vitreous, tinged with yellow, the base, a spot at the interior angle, and veins ferruginous; a transverse venule between two ulnar veins near base in the female, absent in the male; clavus vitreous. Legs ferruginous; tarsi piceous. Long. 9 7, (J 6; lat. 9 3, ^ 21 mm.; inch lat. corn. 9 4, (J 3 mm. Types in Coll. Fairmaire, British Museum and Coll. W. W. Saunders. 20 A MONOGEAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACID^E, Ilnb.— ^ew Holland (Fairmaire) : Gosford, N.S.W. (Lea): Victoria (Kershaw) : Tasmania (Simson) : Williamstown, South Australia (Tepper). Mv opinion is that Terentius convexics, Stal, is a horned form of this species. *S. ACANTHASPis, Fairm. 1846, Centrohis acmithaspis, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (2), iv. p. 515. 1851, Centrotus decisus. Walk., List Hom. Brit. Mus. p. 621. Head spindle-shaped, apex not produced, brown, punctured, lateral borders a trifle foliaceous; ocelli on a line with the centre of and approaching to the eyes; with a median carina; base lightly curved. Prothorax punctured, brown, with scattered yellow hairs, and a smooth black scar on each side in front; lateral horns turned outward, a little upward and forward, strongly triquetrous, bases far apart, apices obtuse ; posterior process thickened at base, gradually acuminate to the decurved apex which reaches the tips of the tegmina, passing apex of abdomen, the inferior edge sinuate. There is some yellow pubescence on the sides of the chest and on the scutellum. Tegmina transparent, a little smoky yellow, bases of clavus and radial cell, and nearly all of the costal cell, with the veins, ferruginous. Legs ferruginous. Long. 9; lat. 3 mm., inch lat. corn. 5 mm. Types in the ^luseum of the Entomological Society of Fiance and the British Museum. ffab. — Port Jackson (Fairmaire); Tweed R., Tamworth, Well- ington, N.S.W. (Froggatt) : Highfields, Q. (Tryon) : Murray R., South Australia (Tepper). *S. GIGANTICUS, sp.nOV. (Plate i., fig 1.) Head black, broad, punctured and impressed, apex produced, lateral borders with a denticle near base; ocelli equidistant from BY F. W. GODING. 21 each other and the eyes, and on a line through the centre of the eyes; base lighth^ curved. Prothorax black, densely and rudely punctured, furnished with a median carina, and armed above each lateral angle with a strong, triquetrous horn, which is turned outward and a little upward, not at all forward, broad, compressed, and flattened at apex, which is obtusely rounded, the posterior angle acuminate; the posterior surface is broadest, on the inner surface several carinse; dorsum between the lateral horns broad, flat, increasing in altitude backward ; posterior process starts from the highest point, is tectiform, and broad for some distance from the base, thereafter gradually acuminate to the apex which just passes the tip of the abdomen; laterally there are a few carinse. Tegmina ferruginous, opaque, basal portion and nearly all of costal cell punctured, a white spot at the interior angle. Legs piceous, tibi?e triquetrous. Long. 9 l^j l^t- 4: mm., inch lat. corn. 6 mm. Described from two females. Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hab. — South Australia (Tepper). This is the largest Membracid yet found in Australia. ■^S. BREVICORXIS, Sp.nOV. Head piceous, covered with yellow hairs, with an abbreviated median carina in the centre between the ocelli, two small tubercles below and forming a square with the ocelli, lateral borders with a denticle near base; ocelli on a line passing through the centre of the eyes and equidistant from them and from each other; base lightly cur\'ed. Prothorax piceous brown, the dorsum convex, blackish along the middle, and furnished with a strong, black median longitu- dinal carina; on each side of the dorsum, above lateral angles, is a short, stout, triquetrous, auricular horn turned upward, which is blackish on the convex superior surface towards the very obtuse tip, which ends in a blunt point, pointing outward, and a trifle backward; the horn is elevated but little above the middle 22 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBJiACrD.E, of the dorsum ; the posterior process is triquetrous, tectiform, lightly gibbous at the base, broad for a distance, thereafter gradually acuminate to the apex which reaches the end of the abdomen. Tegmina Ijroad, basal third black, punctured and opaque, the remainder transparent smoky, veins, and a large spot on the disk, piceous. Sides of the chest and scutellum yellow pubescent. Legs strong, piceous; tibiae triquetrous, slightly flattened, a central carina from base to apex. Long. 5 6; lat. 3 mm., inch lat. corn. 4 mm. Described from two females. Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hab. — South Australia (Tepper) : Mt. Barker, West Australia (Lea). The ear-shaped lateral horns will easily distinguish this species. *S. Tepperi, sp.nov. Head black, punctured, triangular, apex produced strongly backward; ocelli on a line with superior border of eyes and equi- distant from them and from each other. Prothorax piceous brown, base black, punctured, furnished with a median percurrent carina, and armed on each side, above lateral angles, with a short, stout, triquetrous, acuminate horn turned upward, very lightly outward, and strongly forward, the upper surface marked with two or three small carina near the front edge, the posterior edge of each horn continued for some distance on the posterior process as a carina, parallel to the median carina; posterior process very broad and convex at base, gradually narrowed to the middle, thereafter slender and acuminate, reach- ing tips of tegmina. Tegmina smoky yellow, basal fourth piceous, punctured and opaque, the remainder transparent, veins ferruginous and thick. Body below black; tibiae and tarsi lighter. Long. 9 6; lat. 2 ram.; incl. lat. corn. 3 mm. Described from two females. BY F. W. GODING. 23 Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hah. — Bunbury, West Australia (Lea). Dedicated to Mr. J. G. O. Tepper, Entomologist to the South Australian Museum, who has been most liberal in his donation of material. S. AREOLATUS, Sp.nOV. (Plate i., fig. 3.) A long, slender, short-horned, ferruginous species. Head punctured, covered with yellow hairs, the base nearly straight, apex recurved; ocelli above a line passing through the centre of the eyes from which they are about equidistant and from each other. Prothorax punctured, covered with yellow hairs, with a long shining scar over each eye; furnished with a percurrent median carina; it is armed on each side, above lateral angles, with a tri- quetous, conical, almost erect horn which is turned strongly upward, a little inclined outward, the obtusely pointed tip turned directly outward, with three small carinse on the superior surface ; posterior process tectiform, straight, sinuate along inferior border, narrow at base, long and slender, gradually acuminate to apex which curves strongly downward, reaching tips of tegmina. Tegmina long, narrow, lanceolate, smok}', vitreous, base and veins ferruginous, a piceous spot on interior angle, and veins sur- rounding third apical cell, of the same colour; corium with long, narrow, discoidal cells, of equal size, the third apical cell, very long and narrow, crossed by several transverse venules. Sides of chest and scutellum covered with yellow down. Femora black, tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Long. 7; lat. 2 mm.; incl. lat. corn. 4 mm. Described from five males and eight females. Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hah. — Victoria (Kershaw) : South Australia (Tepper) : Braid- wood and Queanbeyan, N.S.W. (Lea). This species may easily be separated from its congeners by the long, narrow, slender form, and areolated third apical cell. 24 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACIDyE, "^S. cuRviCAUDUs, sp.nov. Head triangular, base nearly straight, lateral borders denticu- late; ocelli on a line passing through centre of eyes, and equidistant from each other and the eyes. Prothorax piceous, with a median percurrent carina, armed on each side with a rather long, very flat horn turned almost directly outward, ver}-- slightly upward, apex curved a little backward, and but little elevated above dorsum; posterior process very broad from base to middle, then slender and gradually acuminate to the apex, strongly decurved from base to the apex which reaches tips of tegmina. Tegmina with very little of base punctured, vitreous, and trans- parent, veins piceous, corium with first discoidal cell about one- half the size of the second, the second apical cell very small. Long. 7; lat. 2 mm.; incl. lat. corn. 5 mm. Described from two males. Types in Coll. F.W.G. iTa^.— Tweed River, N.S.W. (Froggatt). A small piceous species with the posterior process strongly curved downward from base to apex. EuFRENCHiA, gen.nov. Head nearly triangular, lateral border denticulate, convex in front, base nearly straight; eyes prominent outward. Prothorax rudely punctured or reticulate, rises vertical]}^ from base, armed on each side with a long, strong, vertical, flattened horn, with sides parallel, superior part curved outward, falciform, apex obtuse, with two little teeth, between which is a shallow sulcus ; posterior process long, slender, apex lightly decurved slightly passing apices of tegmina; lateral horns near at bases, between which median carina is obsolete. Tegmina with cells of corium narrow, three discoidal cells, the first placed between the radial and first ulnar veins in front of second apical cell, second and third between the first and second BY F. VV. CODING. 25 ulnar veins behind the third and fourth apical cells; furnished with a transverse venule between the two ulnar veins, near base. Wings with four apical cells. Tibiae flattened and lightly dilated. Type, Centrotus falcatus, Walk. This genus differs from the last section of Sertorius in having three discoidal cells. Dedicated to Mr. Charles French, Government Entomologist of Victoria, for his uniform kindness and courtesy. Synopsis of Species. 1 (2). Falciform portion of lateral horns brief, base of posterior process broad Leca. 2 (1). Falciform portion of lateral horns very long, base of pos- terior process proportionately slender , falcata. *E. FALCATA, Walk. 1851, Centrotus falcatus, List Hom. Brit. Mus. p. 62. 1869, S. curvicornis, Stal, Of v. K. Yet. Ak. Forh. p. 287. Head piceous, punctulate; ocelli above a line passing through centre of eyes, a little nearer to the eye than to each other. Prothorax fusco-ferruginous, densely and strongly punctured, almost reticulate with a median longitudinal carina which is interrupted between lateral horns, seen from front, narrowed upward, lateral horns contiguous at base, erect to middle, then strongly curved outward and downward, broad, long, sides parallel, apices truncated, anterior apical angle rounded, posterior angle in a prominent tooth; posterior process convex, rather slender, curved downward from middle, apex black, reaching tips of tegmina. Tegmina pale subfuscous hyaline, veins fuscous, punctured on each side, the basal and costal cell subferruginous, punctured beyond middle. Chest black, a spot on chest and scutellum yellowish-gray pubescent. Long. (J 5, 96; lat. (J 2, 9 2|; exp. corn. (J 6, 9 7 mm. Female differs little from male. 26 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACIDJi, Types in British Museum and Mus. Holm. Hab. — Adelaide, South Australia (Stal) : Van Dieman's Land (Walker). "^"E. Le^e, sp.nov (Plate i., fig. 5.) Head black, punctured; ocelli as in J'alcatus. Prothorax dark ferruginous, punctured; lateral horns, not con- tiguous at bases, extend upward and strongly forward, long, sides parallel, a small apical portion outward, apical angles as in falcatus; posterior process tectiform, not convex, strong and broad at base, gradually narrowed to apex which reaches apices of tegmina. Tegmina ferruginous, opaque, veins darker and punctured along their sides, one-third of clavus and radial cell, and all of costa, densely opaque and punctured, and opaque spot on apex of first apical cell. Long. 9 6; lat. 1|; exp. lat. corn. 3 to 3J mm. Described from seven females. Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hah. — West Australia (Lea). Dedicated to Mr. A. M. Lea, Government Entomologist of Tasmania, who kindly presented this and other interesting forms. Centrotypus, Stal. 1866, Hemiptera Africana, iv. p. 88. Front a little prominent downward; ocelli lightly prominent; destitute of lobes on lateral borders. Prothorax horned above lateral angles, the horns triquetrous, conical; the posterior process acuminate, almost covering scutellum; median carina a smooth line anteriorly. Tegmina with five apical and two discoidal cells, the interior petiolate, the two ulnar veins not joined, near the base, with a transverse venule; costal and radial cells almost equally long. Wings with four apical cells. Tibise simple. BY F. W. GODING. 27 Type, Centrotus /lexuosus, Fabr. This genus differs from Sertorius only in the absence of the transverse venule between the two ulnar veins, a very weak character. Synopsis of Species, 1 (2). Third apical cell straight, first discoidal cell long, nar- row, two-thirds length of second; lateral horns turned outward, downward and backward; size large. occidentalism 2 (1). Third apical cell crescentiform, base curved toward interior angle; first discoidal cell triangular, small; lateral horns very short and minute; size very small, minutus. *C. OCCIDENTALIS, Sp.nOV. Ferruginous, the head, base of prothorax excepting the edge, tips of lateral horns, chest, abdomen, femora excepting the tips, a spot on the tibiae, and tips of tarsi, black. Head as long as broad, base strongly curved, the apex produced downward, toothed on lateral borders, punctured; ocelli white, placed above a line passing centre of eyes to which they approach nearer than to each other. Prothorax punctured, furnished with a percurrent median carina ; dorsum convex, armed on each side, above lateral angles, with a short, flat, conical horn, compressed infero- superiorly, turned directly outward, apex obtuse, inclined a little downward and backward, the upper surface with the dorsum, convex; posterior process stout at the base, not tectiform, sin- uous along inferior border, and gradually acuminate to the apex which reaches the tips of the tegmina. Tegmina vitreous, clear, veins ferruginous, punctured at base, a blackish cloud near base of clavus; first discoidal cell two- thirds length of second, equal to and lying alongside of first apical cell. Long. 6|; lat. 2^; inch lat. corn. 4 mm. 9 Differs from the male in being tawny yellow, and ferruginous where the male is marked with black, and the larger size. Long. 9; lat. 3 J; inch lat. corn. 5 mm. 28 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMBRACID.E, Described from two males and one female. Types in Coll. F.W.G. Hah. — Swan River, West Australia (Lea). *C. MiNUTUS, sp.nov. Head black, triangular, deorsum, with scattered yellow hairs: ocelli above a line passing through centre of eyes to which they are nearer than to each other, base barely curved. Prothorax black at base, and apex, otherwise dark brown, con- vex, armed on each side above lateral angles with a very minute pointed horn extended directly outward; the dorsum most elevated at base of posterior process which is distinctly sinuous, tectiform, acuminate, apex reaching end of abdomen, but shorter than apices of tegmina. Tegmina broad, short, ferruginous, and punctured at base, nearly all of costal and basal third of radial cells punctured and opaque; corium with the tirst discoidal cell triangular, half size of second, the second long narrow, directed diagonally to apical veins; third apical cell with base curved toward interior angle; veins milky white; first apical cell minute. Body below black. Tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Long. 3; lat. 1 mm.; but little broader between apices of lateral horns. The female differs from the male in the lateral horns which are little more than minute tubercles, and the broader basal cells. Described from three males and one female. Types in Coll. F.W.G. ^^6. —South Australia (Tepper) : Mosman's Bay, N.S.W. (Froggatt); Clarence River, Tamworth, N.S.W. (Lea). This minute species is the smallest yet found in Australia, and the smallest of the genus known. Lu B R A, gen.nov. Head triangular, lateral borders sinuous. Prothorax rising vertically from the base, the dorsum appears to divide into two long anteriorly inclined horns which are en- BY F. W. CODING. 29 larged towards the apex rounded on the top (not truncated), the inner angles produced in triangular acuminate spines, the surface reticulated; the posterior process is much shorter than the tegmina and sinuate. Tegmina with two discoidal cells, the second petiolate, furnished with a transverse venule between two ulnar veins, near base. Wings with four apical cells. Legs very slightly flattened. I have chosen for the name of this genus the aboriginal word meaning " wife." It is closely related to Daunus. Synopsis of Species. 1 (2). Apices of dorsal horns furnished with a slender spine on the outer side, converging to form an arch by the meeting of the acuminate interior angles of the apices regalis. 2 (1). Apices of dorsal horns widely separated; interior angle of each apex not acuminate, but gibbous, with a slender spine on exterior angle s;pinicornU. *L. spiNicoRNis, Walk. 1862, Oxyrhachis spitdcornis^ Journ. Ent. i. p. 316. Head piceous, strongly punctured; ocelli on a line passing- through centre of eyes, and a little nearer to the eyes than to each other. Prothorax dilute piceous, rising vertically from the base with the lateral horns thick, very long, erect, slightly inclined forward, curved, thickly and rudely reticulated; the apex is much thickened, and armed with a sharp spine on the outer side, extending directly outward ; posterior process very long and slender, apex decurved, reaching apices of the tegmina. Tegmina broad, vinaceous, veins darker, base and nearly all of costa ferruginous, opaque and punctured, the third apical cell normal, basal half of clavus punctured and opaque. Chest with yellow pubescence. Legs ferruginous. Long. 9 8; lat. 3 mm. 30 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMDRACID.f:, Type in the British Museum. £fa6.— Moreton Bay, Q. (Walker): Tweed River, N.S.W. (Froggatt); Clarence River, N.S.W. (Lea). ^''L. REGALIS, sp.nOV. (Plate i., figs. 4 and 9). Head piceous, triangular, with two minute tubercles on each side Qn the lateral borders; ocelli near the base, above a line passing through the centre of eyes, equidistant from each other and the eyes. Prothorax dark ferruginous, rising vertically from the base, laterally compressed, the dorsum widened on each side into a long laterally compressed horn, which is much thickened and reticulated towards the apex and much inclined forward, the apex curved inward ending in a triangular point which meets with its fellow forming the half of a circle, bearing a short, stout, sharp spine on the exterior surface; the posterior process is very slender, sinuous, much shorter than the tegmina, the apex acumi- nate Tegmina clear, vitreous, with the entire basal fourth ferrugi- nous, punctured and opaque, the veins and a large spot of the same colour on the apices; clavus gradually acuminate, vitreous, ferruginous at the base, with two veins. Legs light ferruginous, tips of tarsi piceous. Described from one example, the body of which is wanting. Type in Coll. F.W.G. Hab. — Brisbane, Q. (Tryon). D A u X u s, Stal. 1866, Hemiptera Africana, iv. p. 87. Prothorax elevated, furnished with a median carina, armed on each side above lateral angles with a broad horn, triquetrous at the base, compressed upward from front and behind ; apex broadened, truncated, sometimes furnished with a very short spine; posterior process acuminate, rarely reaching apices of tegmina. BY F. W. CODING. 31 Tegmina destitute of transverse venule between two ulnar veins, near base, with five oblong apical and two discoidal cells, the interior petiolate; costal cell extended beyond radial, both punctured and opaque; exterior discoidal cell not petiolate; clavus punctured and opaque at base, with two veins, gradually narrowed to apex. Wings with four apical cells. Scutelluifa transverse, almost equally long and wide, apex trun- cated, ending on each side in a little tooth. Tibiae and tarsi simple (in one species dilated). Type, Centrotus Tasmanice, Fairm. Synopsis of Species. 1 (4). Lateral horns nearly erect; apex of posterior process not passing tips of tegmina ; head triangular ; tibiae not dilated. 2 (3), Corium furnished with a longitudinal, ferruginous stripe along middle from base to apex ; third apical cell normal vitta. 3 (2). Corium smoky yellow, destitute of ferruginous stripe ; third apical cell furnished with transverse venules Tasmania. 4 (1). Lateral horns inclined forward; apex of posterior process far surpassing tips of tegmina; head nearly square, lateral borders foliaceous; front tibiae dilated gracilis. *D. TASMANiiE, Fairm. (Plate i., figs. 6 and 20). 1846, Centrotus Tasmanice, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (2), iv. p. 513, pi. 3, fig. 15. 1851, Centrotus contractus, Walk., List Horn. Brit. Mus. p. 622. 1858, Centrotus truncaticoi^nis, Walk., Ins. Saunds. Horn. p. 81. Head black, triangular, apex a little recurved; ocelli on a line with centre of eyes, and a little further from each other than from the eyes. Prothorax dark ferruginous brown, punctured, rising verticall}' from base, lateral horns strong, upright, a little diverging, some- what constricted along middle, dilated at the apex, which is 32 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEM lillAC I D.E, truncated, the inferior angle being acute; the inner and anterior surfaces with little carinas; lateral angles prominent; posterior process long, slender, straight, the apex a little decurved, reaching the tip of the abdomen, but much shorter than the tegmina. Tegmina broad, ferruginous, costa and base punctured and opaque, the third apical cell of corium with several transv^erse venules; clavus punctured at base, gradually narrowed to apex, with two veins. Chest and abdomen piceous, covered with dense white pubescence. Legs piceous. Long. (J 7, 9 9; lat. J^ 2, 9 .3 mm. Types in Collections of Serville, Signoret and Lefebre, British Museum, and W. W. Saunders. Hab. — New Holland (Fairmaire) : Hobart, Tasmania (Lea) : Gisborne (French); Port Phillip, Victoria (Walker) : Brisbane, Q. (Tryon). This is the most common species in Tasmania. *D. viTTA, Walk. (Plate i., fig. 25). 1851, Centrotus vitta, Walk., List Hom. Brit. Mus. p. 626. 1858, Oxyrhachis coiitorta, Walk., Ins. Saunds. Hom. p. 66. Head triangular, ferruginous, punctured, ocelli on a line with the centre of, and much nearer to each other than to the eyes. Prothorax ferruginous, lightly pubescent, vertical in front; the lateral horns almost erect, triquetrous, much more widely separated at the apices than at bases; two carinse on the inner surface; apices much broadened, outer angle acutely produced, inner angle rounded; posterior j)rocess long, slender, sinuous at the middle, apex reaching almost to the tips of tegmina. Tegmina long, clear, lanceolate, base ferruginous, and punctured; veins, and a broad longitudinal stripe along the middle of corium, ferruginous, the discoidal cells of equal size; clavus gradually acuminate, the base, a large spot at the middle and one at the apex, ferruginous. BY F. W. GODING Legs ferruginous, tips of tarsi piceous. Long. (J 6, 9 7; lat. (? 2, 9 2.^ mm. Food plant, Acacia decnrrf'us. Hah. — Tasmania (Walker) : Camden Haven, Penrith, Sydney, N.S.VV. (Froggatt); Queanbeyan, Bungendore, N.S.W. (Lea") : South Australia (Tepper). This species is easily recognised by the slender form, and the ferruginous stripe on the tegmina. ■^D. GRACILIS, sp.nov. Head piceous, nearly square, the apical portion nearly as broad as the base, sides foliaceous; ocelli on a line with the centre of the eyes, nearer to the eyes than to each other. Prothorax piceous brown, punctured with black, with a distinct median carina; it rises vertically from the base, over each lateral angle furnished with a strong, quadrangular, black, nearly erect horn, which is inclined lightly outward, strongly forward, the sides parallel nearly to the apex, which is broadened, truncate, the inner angle slightly rounded, the outer angle produced in a blunt point; the truncated surface is marked with four reddish carinse; the posterior process is very slender, lightly sinuous, acuminate, exceptionally long, reaching beyond the tips of the tegmina, the apical fifth bent a little upward. Tegmina long, very narrow, vitreous, with piceous veins ; the interior discoidal cell longer than exterior, the last four apical cells with their bases in a line, the first placed nearly at the middle of the exterior border; clavus vitreous, with two piceous veins. Tibi» reddish, all dilated; tarsi tawny. Long. 9 7^; lat. U mm.; lat. inch lat. corn. 3^ mm. Described from one female. Type in Coll. F.W.G. Hah. — West Australia (Lea). The species may be easily recognised by the long, very slender form, the vitreous tegmina, and the dilated tibi?e. It is closely 3 34 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MKMnilACIDjE, related to the subfamily Menibracuut, but the exposed sides of thescutellum place it outside of that group. E u T R Y o N I A, gen.nov. Head triangular, recurved, ocelli above a line passing through the centre of eyes, equidistant from each other and the eyes. Prothorax elevated into a convex, dome-shaped form, above which rises a very high, strong, erect process, laterall}'- compressed, dilated at the apex in a \'ery large transverse, cylindrical process which is deeply sulcate in the middle, anterio-posteriorly, and armed on each side with a directly diverging long, very acute spine; at the middle of this process, posteriorly, is a large tuber- osity, below which is a large gibbosity; some distance behind the lateral angles the prothorax is suddenly narrowed, and produced into a long, slender, sinuous, acuminate process, the apical half distant from the abdomen, the apex reaching tips of tegmina, curving downwards. Tegmina coriaceous, opaque, ferruginous; costa punctured; corium with two discoidal cells, the exterior triangular, the interior oblong, petiolate, and about twice larger, destitute of a transverse venule between two ulnar veins, near base; clavus gradually acuminate, with two veins. Wings vitreous, with four apical cells. Tibiae with the anterior and middle pairs dilated. Type, Centrohis inonsfrifh', Walk. Dedicated to Mr. Henry Tryon, the Queensland Government Entomologist, who kindly placed this and other interesting material in my hands for study. *E MONSTRIFERA, Walk. (Plate i., figs. 10, 11, 22 and 26). 1858, Centrotus monstrifer, Walk., Ins. Saunds. Horn. p. 80. 1862, Oxyrhachis yonderifer, Walk., Jour. Ent. i. p. 316. Piceous brown, pubescent, apex of dorsal horn marked with luteous, also the lateral spines, the posterior process with a broad band of the same colour. BY F. W. GODING. 35 Tei(mina ferruginous, coriaceous and opaque, with a Y-sliaped white band across the middle, another band across the discoidal portion; tips of tarsi luteous. Abdominal joints luteous. 9. Long. 6; lat. 2 mm. Types in the Collection of W. VV. Saunders, and in the British Museum. //,//>. —Hunter R., N.S.W., Moreton Bay (Walker) : Rockhamp- ton, Q. (Tryon) : Tweed R., N.8.W. (b\-oggatt). Eittryonia is closely related to S})homjophorus of America, but the exposed sides of the scutellum place it in the subfamily Cfn- trofimt'. Hypsoprora, Stal (Subfamily Mpmhracime). 1869, Ofv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. p. 277. Head with lateral margins straight towards the e3'es, foliaceous. Prothorax on the dorsum, in front, armed with an elevated process, erect or inclined; posterior process covering scutellum, on •each side behind the middle carinated, or with a large tubercle, which is prominent beyond the sides of the process. Tegmina more or less coriaceous and opaque. Tibifc with the anterior pair dilated, foliaceous; tarsi simple. Type, Ptei'i/yia pilpata, Fairm. H. CASSIS, Buck. 1901, Monog. Ent. p. 60, pi. ix., $ fig. 2; 9 fig. 3 General colour, dark brown (^J), ochreous yellow (9). Head dilated, foliaceous. Prothorax on the dorsum furnished with a pointed protuberance between the shoulders resembling a helmet, produced posteriorly a,t the base in a large tuberosity, and at the apex similarly pro- duced; furnished with a posterior process. Tibiae subspatulate, foliaceous. Long. (J 6, 9 7; lat. 5 mm. Hah. — North Australia (Wollaston). 3G A. MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN M EMBRACI D.l-:, This crude description is taken from Buckton's work, and T follow him in placing the species in the above genus, but with hesitation, as I have not seen an example. My opinion is that it should be placed elsewhere. P H I L Y A, Walk. (Subfamih' Mejiibracince). 1858, List Hom. Brit. Mus. Suppl. p. 126. 1858, (?) Azinia, Walk., Ins. Saunds. Hom. p. 83. 1869, Aechmophora, Stal, Kong. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. viii., p. 39. Head with lateral margins straight towards the eyes, foliaceous. Prothorax low, not comjDresso-elevated, middle of dorsum acutely carinated, furnished with a long, thick subcompressed. porrect process, the apex ascending; posterior process long, reach- ing nearly to the apex of tegmina, somewhat narrowed towards apex, subcoarctate in front of middle. Tegmina coriaceous, opaque, with venation indistinct. Tibise dilated, foliaceous; tarsi simple. Types, P. bicolor (in British Museum), A. elephas (Mus. Holm, et Stal), A. paUidipeniiis (Coll. AY. W. Saunders). (?) P. PARVULA, Buck. 1901, Monog. Ent. p. 57, pi. viii., fig. 4. Eyes prominent, abnormally placed on the side, and high on the head. The colour is dusk}' ochreous-brown, the anterior horn developed into a recurved j^rocess, with lateral carina?, apex truncated. Legs lightly flattened. Long. 5 ram.; lat. 1 mm. J/ab. — West Australia (Haswell). Buckton places this species in the aVjove genus with hesitation, stating that it closely resem])les the FuJiioiida-. I doubt if he has correctly located it. UY F. W. GODING. 37 EuPROGGATTiA, gen.iiov. Head small, triangular, base semicircular, eyes medium; ocelli situated high above the eyes near base of head, a little nearer to the eyes than to each other; apex broad, notched at middle. Protliorax ver}'' broad, furnished with a median carina; rising perpendicularly from the head, above each lateral angle is a broad, flattened, strong, horn extended outward and a little forward, with sides parallel, apex truncated, at the superior angle bearing a. short, slender spine at the side of which is a sulcus; posteriorly terminating, behind lateral horns, the posterior border lightly curved backward, destitute of a posterior process; scutellum very broad and long, resembling a shield, the sides parallel nearly to the apex which is very obtusely rounded and reaches end of abdomen; at the base of the scutellum is a dorsal protuberance of about the size of the lateral horns, pyramidal, truncated at the apex, the median carina continued on scutellum but terminating ,some distance in front of apex, much more distinct in female. The entire surface is rugose, two tubercles on each side of the median carina in front, three irregular rows of tubercles along the dorsum on each side, and a row along the edge of the abdomen, just below the tegmina. Tegmina lying flat on the back largely concealed beneath the sides of scutellum, proportionately small, about one-fourth at outer basal portion coriaceous and densely opaque occupjdng tri- angular space at posterior edge of protliorax and sides of scutellum, the remaining part very delicate vitreous and smoky transparent, veins hardly distinguishable. Abdomen large, fitting snugly beneath and reaching apex of scutellum. Legs strong, tibipe not dilated; tarsi tri-articulate, ending in two strong claws. Type, E. tuherculata, Godg. I take pleasure in dedicating this genus to my esteemed friend Mr. W.W. Froggatt, Government Entomologist, who has rendered every assistance in my entomological studies. 38 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN M EM nil AC I D.I':, E. TUBERCULATA, sp nOV. (Plate i., ligs. 17, 18 and 19). g. Fuscous, with apical half of head, a spot on each side of the median carina in front, the inferior surface of the lateral horns, a band between their bases, base of their spines, lateral posterior edge and median carina of dorsal horn, a spot on each side of the abdomen, and posterior tibiae sordid 3'ellow; chest black. Long. $ 4: lat. inch lat, corn. 3 mm. 9 Similar to male, but larger. Long. 4J; lat. inch lat. corn. 3 J mm. Described from one $ and one 9. Types in Coll. F.W.G. ^^^.—Wingham, N.S.W. (Froggatt). This interesting species, in general appearance, reminds one of the genus I'rayopa, ^Mvm.; in that genus, however, the prothorax covers the entire upper surface of the body, including the scutellum. Po R c 0 R H I N u s, gen.nov. Head large, porrect, quadrangular, superior surface nearly hori- zontal, lightly convex and furnished with a strong median longitudinal carina; ocelli below a line passing through centre of the prominent eyes, nearer to each other than to the eyes. Prothorax, for some distance from the base, convex, nearly horizontal, conforming to the base of the porrect head, after which it is broadened, vertical, and produced above each lateral angle in a large, triquetrous, conical, ear-shaped horn, which extends upward, outward and forward, the apex turned a little backward; the dorsum is very broad between these horns, and destitute of a median longitudinal carina; destitute of a posterior process, the posterior edge deeply and broadly sulcate forward. Scutellum as long as broad, the apex pointed, base rounded. Tegmina long, broad, reticulate with numerous venules; clavus ver}^ broad at base, gradually acuminate to apex, with two veins. Wings very large, nearly equal in size to the tegmina, with four apical cells, the tirst and third very long, the second shortest. BY F. W. CODING. 39 Legs very long, femora slender, cylindrical and curved; tibiie slender, quadrilateral, the posterior pair with a row of denticles along the posterior edge; tarsi normal. Type, P. Mastersi, Godg. This genus reminds one of Amyot & Serville's Nessorhinus, but differs in being destitute of a posterior process and a dorsal horn; and of Coloborrhi-t, Germ,, but differs in having lateral horns. P. Mastersi, sp.nov, (Plate i., figs. 12, 15 and 16). (J. Head ferruginous, mottled with yellow. Prothorax ferruginous red, with a broad yellow band passing across the front. Scijtellum sordid yellow. Tegmina with basal third yellow, punctured with ferruginous, the middle third ferruginous, the veins darker, the apical third clearer. Abdomen salmon colour, genital apparatus tawny. Femora tawny, apex black: tibiae and tarsi tawny. Long. (J 9; lat. H.; inch lat. corn. 3^ mm. The female is sordid green, the tips of the lateral horns brown. Described from one male and one female. Types, (5 Coll. F.VV.G.; 9 Macleay Museum, Sydney. ^^(6.— Sydney (Masters); Mt. Victoria, KS.W. (Lea). The head and prothorax, when seen from the side, resemble the head of a pig. Dedicated to Mr. Masters, Curator of the Macleay Museum, Sydney, who first brought this species to my notice. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fig. 1. — Sertorius gigauticus, tegmina. Fig. 2. — Sextius virescens Fig. 3. Sertorius areolatus Fig. 4. — lAihra regalis Fig. 5. —Eiifrencliia Le(f Fig. 6. — Da unus Tasmanuc 40 A MONOGRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN MEMIUIACIDJ': Fig. 7. — AcantJiucns trisjjiiii/er, tegmina. Fig. 8. — Tercntius convexus, tegmina. Fig. [).—Luhra renalis, prothorax. Fig. 10. — Kntnjonia inonstrifera, side view. Fig.ll. — ,, ,, back view. Fig. 12. — Porcoy]ii)ii(s Mdxtersi, front view. Fig. 13. — Acanthucns nifiventrls, side view. FigA4:. —Terentiua convexua, side view. Fig. lo. — Porc(>rItinii>i Ma>!ter!i.calypti, Dbld., P.Z S. 1848, p. 117, pi. v. Uyleora sphinx, Feld., Reise Nov. pi. xcvi.. fig. 4. (J9. 90-112 mm. Closely allied to //. iiidyfa, Wlk., but an- terior part of thorax irrorated with whitish; costal and dorsal portions of forewings irrorated with whitish, without suffused median longitudinal whitish band; a very short distinctly out- lined white basal streak; a circular white mark on dorsal portion of base enclosing a dark fuscous centre, partly irrorated with white, and outlined externally with dark fuscous; the posterior dentate line outlined posteriorly by a whitish line; terminal por- tion of disc suffused with whitish; hindwings brownish, towards inner margin ochreous. There has been some not unnatural confusion between this and the following species. I am indebted to Mr. J. A. Kershaw for the loan of specimens for examination. Though I consider them distinct, some corioborative evidence as to their larvie and possible range of variation would be acceptable. N.S.W. — Vic. Melbourne. 2. Hyleora inclyta. Sorama inclyta, Wlk., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1862, p. 79. (J 9 85-110 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, mixed with whitish and ochreous. Antenna? whitish, pectinations pale ochreous. Abdomen deep ochreous, base of dorsum (sometimes), tuft, and lower surface dark fuscous. Legs dark fuscous mixed with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa nearly 48 REVISION OF Al'STKALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, straight in basal half, thence strongly arched, apex round-pointed, termen markedly oblique, scarcely rounded; dark fuscous, with sparsely scattered whitish scales; a broad white suffused streak from base above fold, containing a few black scales, narrowing to a point before middle; between this and dorsum is a dark grey suffusion; a short outwardly oblique blackish mark across centre of white streak, beneath which is an inwardly oblique streak towards dorsum; a fine oblique dark fuscous acutely dentate posterior line, edged with whitish posteriorly, more or less well marked, followed b}" a whitish suffusion which extends to apex. Hind- wings with apex round-pointed, termen rounded; dark fuscous- brown, toward base suffused with ochreous; cilia dark fuscous- brown. Type in Oxford Museum. N.S.W.— Yic. Melbourne— Tas.—S. A. 3. HVLEORA DILUCIDA. [Dilucidus, clear; in allusion to the hind wings.] Hyleora dilucida, Feld., Reise Nov, pi. xcvi., fig. 5. (J 72-84 mm. Head dark fuscous; face and palpi brown. Antennae whitish-ochreous. Thorax dark fuscous with a few brown scales. Abdomen deep ochreous; tuft fuscous. Legs fuscous-brown. Forewings elongate, costa straight in basal |^ strongly arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen straight, crenate, with strong projections on veins; dark fuscous, posterior part of disc suffused with pale fuscous; scales mostly slender and hair-like, with the exception of an elongate patch of large broad grey and black scales along fold; an obscure acutely dentate blackish transverse line from costa at \\ an acutely dentate oblique blackish line from | costa to | dorsum; a subterminal series of elongate grey marks between veins, edged posteriorly wdth blackish; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly wavy, white, on inner margin ochreous-tinged; a very small fus- cous suffusion at apex; cilia white, bases fuscous, opposite veins mostly fuscous. Vic. Birchip,in April ((roudie) — 8. A. Adelaide, in May(Lower). 13Y A. J. TURNER. 49 Gen. 2. N e o l a. Neola, Wlk., Brit. Miis. Cat. v. p. 1033. Head densely rough-haired, a pair of longer tufts from base of antennae sometimes uniting to form a crest on crown. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi short, porrect; second joint with long dense hairs beneath; terminal joint short, abruptly truncate. Antennae in $ bipectinated to apex or nearly so. Thorax densely hairy above and beneath, with a high erect anterior crest. Abdomen with long hairs on base of dorsum. Femora densely hairy; posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from |, 3 from before angle, 6 from areole near base, 7 from end of areole, 10 from areole. Hind wings with 3 and 4 separate, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Type, Neola semiaurata, Wlk. Dijffers from Hyleora only in vein 10 of fore wing, which is connected by a bar with 8 + 9 opposite 7, whereas in Neola 10 anastomoses with S + 9 for some distance beyond 7. So far as my limited material goes this difference seems, in this instance, to be constant. Should it ultimately prove to be variable the two genera would have to be united. 1 . Hinclwings goklen-ochreous , semicmrata. Hindwings reddish-brown capucina. 4. Neola semiaurata. Neola seiniaurata, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 1033 ; Hch.-Sch., Ausser. Schmet. f. 549. (JQ. 54-76 mm. Head and palpi brown-fuscous, with a few whitish scales. Antennae brown-whitish, in 9 darker. Thorax dark fuscous mixed with brown, irrorated with whitish especially on posterior surface of crest. Abdomen golden-ochreous; basal hairs, apex and lower surface brown. Legs brown; tarsi annu- lated with whitish. Forewings elongate-oval, costa slightly arched in (J, more strongly in 9, apex rounded, termen obliquely 4 50 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, rounded; dcark fuscous mixed with brown and whitish; two whitish spots arranged longitudinal!}^ above mid-disc, resting on a median dark fuscous longitudinal streak; a white suffusion on mid-termen, and another on tornus; sometimes a smaller white suffusion on base of dorsum ; cilia dark fuscous mixed with white. Hindwings with termen rounded; golden-ochreons; a broad fuscous terminal band narrowing to a point at tornus; ciUa fuscous, apices whitish. Type in British Museum. Q. Brisbane — N.S.W. Sydney (Walker). Also, according to Walker, from Tasmania. 5. Neola capucina. Hyleora capucina, Feld., Reise Nov. pi. 98, f. 1. (J 60 mm. Head and palpi brown; side-crests on crown white. Antennae whitish, pectinations brown. Thorax dark brown; posterior surface of crest whitish. Abdomen pale ochreous- brown, basal segment darker. Legs brownish. Forewings elongate-oval, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique; dark brown; a broad whitish streak along costa from base, narrowing towards apex; a similar broader streak along dorsum, narrow near base; some whitish suffusion near termen; cilia [abraded]. Hingwings with termen rounded ; reddish- brown; cilia [abraded]. Vic. Melbourne (Felder); Gisborne, in January, one specimen in poor condition in Coll. Lyell. Gen. 3. S o r a m a. Sorama, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 103-4. Head rough-haired, side- crests moderate. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi short, porrect ; second joint densely hairy beneath ; terminal joint very short, obtuse. Antennae in $ bipectinated, apical third simple; in female simple. Thorax densely hairy above and beneath, with a small median and a separate posterior crest. Femora densely hairy beneath; BY A. J. TURNER. 51 posterior tibi?e with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from §, 3 from well before angle, 6 from upper angle of cell or from near base of areole, 7 from end of areole, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to beyond middle of cell, and connected with cell by a bar before middle. Type, Sorama hicolor, Wlk. Differs from Neola in the bar connecting vein 8 of hindwings from cell, the less pronounced anterior thoracic crest, and the pectinations of antenna? of ^ not extending to distal third. 6. Sorama bicolor. Sorama hicolor, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 1034. (J^. 52-74 mm. Head and palpi brown. Antennae whitish- ochreous, Thorax dark fuscous mixed with brown, with lustrous reflections. Abdomen pale reddish-brown. Legs reddish-brown. Forewings elongate-oval, costa slightly arched in (J, moderately in 9, apex round-pointed, termen slightly rounded, very oblique, crenulate; dark fuscous mixed with reddish-brown, with lustrous reflections, in 9 mostly reddish-l)rown; a pale dentate line near base, obsolete tow^ards dorsum; a similar line from \ costa to \ dorsum; an acutely dentate pale line from | costa to § dorsum; cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, w^avy; pale reddish-brown; cilia reddish-brown, apices paler. Type in British Museum. Q. Gympie (Illidgs) — Vic. Gisborne (Lyell). According to Walker also from Tasmania. Gen. 4. Spatalia. [(TTTaToXos, riotous; probably from the restlessness of the imago when confined in a small box.] Spatalia, Hb., Verz. p. 145. Head shortly rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue present. Palpi short, porrect, rough-haired beneath; terminal joint very short. Antennje with a large fan-like tuft of scales on anterior 52 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, aspect of basal joint in both sexes; in g pectinated [to apex ?], in 9 with short pectinations (|) towards base, laminate towards apex, with tufts of short cilia. Thorax with an acute anterior crest behind collar. Posterior tibia? with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with dorsal margin incised, a tuft of scales at each extremity of incision, anterior tuft larger; vein 2 from near angle, 3 from angle, 6 from upper angle, 7 from areole, 10 from 8 + 9 beyond areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, G and 7 stalked, 8 closely approximated to cell to |. Type, S. argentina, Schiff., from Europe (Hampson). 7. Spatalia costalis. Sljatalia costalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 69. 9 54 mm. Head, palpi, and antennae fuscous brown. Thorax fuscous brown, posterior surface of crest whitish. Abdomen fuscous mixed with ochreous-whitish. Legs fuscous, irrorated and tarsi annulated with ochreous-whitish. Forewings elongate triangular, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen slightly rounded, oblique, dorsum with a short concavity beyond middle, on its anterior extremity a large squarish tuft of scales, on its posterior a small triangular tuft, fuscous brown; a ver}^ broad whitish streak occupies costal half of wing, bounded beneath l3y a line from mid-base to termen at J; this is irregularly suffused with brownish and fuscous, its lower edge is straight with a short projecting tooth in middle, before this it gives off a short bifur- cating whitish streak along veins 2 and 3; dorsal portion of disc shows an angulated whitish line bordered with dark fuscous from costal streak to dorsum at |; a similar line to dorsum at |; a row of whitish subterminal lunules edged posteriori}^ with dark fuscous; cilia and dorsal tufts fuscous brown. Hindwings pale fuscous, towards base ochreous-whitish; cilia pale fuscous, towards tornus whitish. N.Q. Townsville, in March; one specimen received from Mr. F, F. Dodd. Also from India. BY A. J. TURNER. 53 Gen. 5. T e l e c l I t a, gen.nov. [Ti]\eKX€LT6s, far-famed.] Head with loosely appressed scales; side-tufts moderate. Eyes naked. Tongue weak. Palpi moderate, porrect, shortly hairy beneath; terminal joint moderate, hairy. Antennae in both sexes bipectinated, apical 4 simple. Thorax with a very small posterior crest. Abdomen with a small crest on dorsum of first segment. Femora and tibiae densely hairy; anterior tibise with a deep naked groove on internal surface; posterior tibise with two pairs of short spurs. Forewings with vein '2 from |, 3 from before angle, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; no areole; 10 out of 8 -{- 9 before 7. Hind wings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Differs from Pheosia, Hb., in the origin of vein 10 of forewings before 7. In neuration it agrees with Fentonia, Butl., as defined by Hampson (' Moths of India', i. p. 147) but the palpi appear to be different. 8. Teleclita cydista, n.sp. [KvdisTOi, most glorious,] (J^. 56-76 mm. Head whitish-grey with a black longitudinal line; face and palpi dark fuscous irrorated with whitish. Antenna? whitish-grey, pectinations fuscous. Thorax whitish-grey with a central black stripe, at each side of which at posterior extremity is a small white spot. Abdomen grey; tuft whitish-grey; basal crest black. Legs grey; anterior and middle tarsi blackish anteriorly. Forewings elongate, proportionately broader in 9, costa gentl}^ arched, apex round-pointed, termen rounded, very oblique; grey mixed with whitish and suffused especially towards base and apex with pale brownish; markings dark fuscous; a very short longitudinal streak from mid-base; a short broad transverse streak from costa at 1-; a similar streak from costa at |; a short outwardly-oblique grey streak from mid-costa; two short oblique streaks from costa at J, the first grey, the second dark fuscous; a longitudinal streak from just before apex towards or joining third 54 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, costal streak; a very fine almost obsolete line from fifth costal streak nearly to termen, whence it is continued as a well-marked dark fuscous line three times acutely dentate on veins to dorsum at 4, and prolonged along dorsum towards base; cilia grey, inter- rupted by whitish opposite veins. Hindwings with termen gently rounded; white; a pale fuscous suffusion on costa to apex; a blackish triangular or roundish blotch at tornus; cilia grey, on tornal blotch blackish. N.Q. Townsville, from March to June; five bred specimens received from Mr. Dodd. This species very closely resembles Pheosia striijata, Moore, from India, which is doubtless congeneric. In the present species the thorax is grey; in sfrigata the thoracic white dots do not appear to be developed and the costal streaks on forewing are less oblique. The larva, I am informed, feeds on a species of Terminalia\ it is green with brown markings, and has four pairs of claspers and a backwardly curved dorsal protuberance on the third thoracic segment. The terminal abdominal segments are turned right over the back, their under surface, wdiich is uppermost, is flattened and shaped something like a leaf. The larva spins a hard nut- like cocoon, and the head end of the pupa is provided with a terminal spike. Mr. Dodd has sent me a specimen of this extra- ordinary larva and one of the pupa preserved in spirit. Gen. 6. C e r u R A. [Apparently from Kr)p6s wax, and ovpa a tail; probably in allusion to the pink protrusible filaments of the larva.] Cerura^ Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. pt. ii. p. 155. Head rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue weak. Palpi short; porrect, clothed with long hairs; terminal Joint concealed. Antennae with basal joint covered with long hairs, pectinated to apex in both sexes. Posterior tibite without middle spurs. Fore wings with retinaculum bar-shaped in male, vein 2 from 4, 3 from angle, 5 from near upper angle, 6 from end of areole, 10 BY A. J. TURNER. 55 from areole or from 8 + 9 before 7. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 connected by a bar with middle of cell. Type, Gerurafu7'cula, Schrank, from Europe (Hampson). A very natural genus from which Dicranura, Boisd., is unnecessarily separated by some authors. 9. Cerura australis. Cerura aush^alis, Scott, Aust. Lepid. pi. v. ^ 66 mm. Head white. Palpi black. Antenna? blackish irrorated, and towards base suffused, with white; pectinations fuscous brown. Thorax white with nine lustrous peacock-blue spots arranged in two transverse rows of four each, the lateral spots being on bases and apices of patagia, the ninth spot is near posterior end of thorax. Abdomen dark fuscous; extreme base, a dorsal median line, and apical segment whitish; the last crossed by a blackish line. Legs white; anterior surface of anterior tibise and anterior and middle tarsi except at base black; middle and posterior tibife spotted with black; posterior tarsi black with white annulations. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa nearly straight, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique; white with black dots arranged in transverse lines; a dot at base; a broken row of dots from J^ costa to J dorsum; a row of large dots with pale centres from ~ costa to before mid-dorsum; four rows of dots posterior to this, the dots on costa being larger than those on disc; in the most posterior of these the dots are confluent towards costa; a row of longitudinally elongate terminal dots between veins; cilia short; white, on dots black. Hindwings with termen rounded; white, thinly scaled; a series of blackish dots on termen, the largest opposite tornus; a dark fuscous suffusion along inner margin. N.S.W. Ash Island, near Newcastle (Scott). This species appears to be local for I am not aware that it has been met with elsewhere. Scott's beautiful figure shows the larva to be closely similar to the European C. vinula, Linn. 56 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Gen. 7. P ii e r e s s a c e s, gen. no v. [(pepea-aaKTjs, a shield-bearer.] Head with oppressed scales. Eyes naked. Tongue absent. Palpi short, porrect. Antenna- with basal § pectinated in both sexes, apical tliird simple. Posterior tibiie with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with rectinaculum bar-shaped in ^ ; vein 2 from i, 3 from angle, 5 from above middle of cell, 10 from 8 + 9, or from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to end of cell. Type, P. cycnoptera, Low. 10. Piieressaces cycnoptera. [kvkvos a swan, Trrepov a wing.] Sotodonta cycnojjfera, Low., Trans. R. 8oc. S.A. 1894, p. 78. $ 9 32-41 mm. Head, thorax, and antenna g^^ey. Palpi clothed with long hairs beneath; dark fuscous, internal surface whitish. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-grey, tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings elongate-oval, costa moderateh' arched, apex round-pointed, termen rounded, ver}^ oblique; vein 10 from 8 + 9 beyond areole; grey irrorated with white; markings blackish: a short outwardl}^ oblique line from costa near base, acutely angulated beneath costa, and again nearer base; a whitish basal suffusion bounded by a tine dentate line, sometimes obsolete, from costa at j, forming a long narrow outward loop beneath costa, and ending in dorsum at ^; a well marked line from | costa, inwardly oblique, narrowing in disc, and continued by short streaks on veins to dorsum beyond middle; this is immediately followed by a whitish line; an obscure dentate whitish subterminal line; an interrupted blackish ter- minal line; cilia grey mixed with whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly sigmoid towards tornus; white; a fuscous blotch at apex continued as a l)and or line along termen to tornus; cilia white. Type in Coll. Lower. I I3Y A. J. TURNER. 57 N.Q. Towiisville, in February — Q. Duaringa. Mr. F. P. Dodd has bred the larvae which are pale green, smooth, cyUnch'ical, with two tails nearly an inch long, each containing a protriisible filament. 11. PlIERESSACES SPIRUCHA, n.Sp. \_(T7reLpovxos, containing a circle.] ^ 38 mm. Head and thorax grey. Palpi clothed with short appressed hairs ; dark fuscous. Antennae ochreous-whitish. Abdomen grey. Legs grey. Forewings elongate, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen rounded, very oblique; vein 10 from areole; grey, towards costa irrorated by dark fuscous; veins nai'rowly blackish; a slightly waved transverse blackish line near base; a second similar line from -> costa to mid-dorsum, connected on costa with an outwardly curved line to dorsum near tornus, the two forming an incomplete circle; cilia grey. Hind wings with termen rounded; whitish, on costa suffused with fuscous, cilia white. This species differs slightly in the scaling of the palpi and neuration from the preceding, and the posterior legs ai-e broken, so its generic position is not quite assured. Type in Coll. Agricultural Department, Queensland. Q. Brisbane; one specimen. Gen. 8. CE no s a n d a. (Enosdrula, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. vii. p. 1713. Head shortly rough-haired; face with a rounded honi}^ promi- nence, naked in the centre. Eyes naked. Tongue obsolete. Palpi very short, clothed with long hairs beneath; terminal joint obsolete. Antennae in ^ bipectinated to apex, in ^ simple. Abdomen in 9 with a dense hairy tuft at apex. Posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from J, 3 from angle, 5 from middle of cell, G from about or beyond middle of areole, 7 from areole or from 8 -f 9 shortly beyond areole, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate or stalked, 5 obsolete, 58 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, 6 and 7 long-stalked or 6 absent, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Contains only the following species. Newman spelt the generic name Q^nosandra, referring it to Walker and giving no description. In the British Museum Cata- logue Walker describes it as (E)iosanda. 12. CEnosanda boisduvalii. 9. (Enosaiidra boisduvalii, Newm., Trans. Ent. Soc. n.s. iii. p. 286. $. Teara{?) termincdis, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. vii. p. 1733. (J. Pterygosoma squamipunctum, Feld., Reise Nov. pi. 98, f. 7. (J 44-50 mm. Head and palpi fuscous. Antennse fuscous, basal joint with a terminal white ring, pectinations whitish- ochreous. Thorax fuscous, in centre mixed with white. Abdomen black, apices of segments on dorsum and tuft bright ochreous. Legs fuscous, tarsi annulated with white. Fore wings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, very oblique; grey, irrorated with dark fuscous along costa; scattered in disc are very large black and ochreous scales; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen rounded; whitish, towards base and inner margin fuscous; a fuscous discal spot; a narrow grey terminal line; cilia whitish, on tornus and inner margin fuscous. ^ 46-58 mm. Head and thorax white. Palpi fuscous. An- tennae dark fuscous, basal joint white. Abdomen as in ^ but tuft much larger and paler. Legs fuscous brown; tibiae and tarsi dark fuscous with white annulations. Forewings shaped as in male; pure white; costa narrowly fuscous; a broad central black streak prolonged at base to dorsum, containing a few white and ochreous scales, and reaching almost to apex; cilia white. Hind- wings and cilia white. Vic. Gisborne, in ]March; received from Mr. S. Lyell. Gen. 9. D a n i m a. Dauima, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 1053. Head shortly rough-haired. 'Eyes naked. Tongue well de- veloped. Palpi short, porrect; second joint with long hairs BY A. J. TURNER. 59 beneath; terminal joint minute, pointed. Antennae in ^ with basal half pectinated, apical half simple; in ^ simple. Thorax with loose hairs forming a slight posterior crest. Posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with 2 from f , 3 from shortly before angle, 6 from upper angle of cell or from near base of areole, 7 f rom end of areole or from 8 + 9 near areole, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 closely approximated at base, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Type, Dmnina bariksice, Lew. 13. DaNIMA BANKSI^. Bomhyx banksicE, Lew., Lepid. N.S.W. (1822) pl.ix. (J9' SS-S'i nim. Head and palpi fuscous. Antennae whitish- ochreous, stalk towards apex dark fuscous. Thorax dark fuscous with a few white and ochreous scales; patagia white with a few ochreous scales. Abdomen bright ochreous; three terminal seg- ments and under surface dark fuscous; apical hairs of ^ whitish. Legs dark fuscous. Forewings in ^ elongate, in 2 elongate-tri- angular, costa in ^ straight to near apex, in 9 moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, strongly oblique; grey with sparsely scattered large triangular white scales; markings blackish irrorated with ochreous; a small spot beneath costa near base; a larger spot on costa at |; abroad streak from mid-costa obliquely outwards, becoming longitudinal in disc, not reaching termen; a small suffused spot on costa at |-; a fuscous suffusion on base of dorsum; three spots on fold, sometimes suffiisedly connected with dorsum; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen gently rounded; in (J whitish, suffused with fuscous towards inner margin; in $ wholly fuscous; cilia in ^ whitish, in 9 fuscous with whitish apices, on inner margin mixed with ochreous. Q. Brisbane, in January — Vic. Melbourne (L3^ell). Gen. 10. D E s T o L M I A. Bestolmia, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 991. Head shortly rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi short, porrect; second joint densely scaled beneath; terminal 60 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, joint concealed. Antenna3 of $ bipectinatecl to about middle, terminal half simple; of 9 simple. Thorax with a rounded an- terior crest, and a small rounded sometimes bifid posterior crest. Posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from J, 3 from well before angle, 6 from upper angle of cell or from areole near base. 7 from end of areole, 10 from end of areole or from 8 + 9 beyond areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, S approximated to beyond middle of cell. Type, D. liiieata, Wlk. 1, Forewings with transverse lines more or less obsolete, acutely dentate \ llneata. Forewings with three very distinct transverse lines, not dentate nigrolinea. 14. Destolmia lineata. Destolmia Jineata, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 992. Collyta lanceolata, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii. p. -152. Notodonta cinerea, Luc, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. 1891, p. 78. (J 9 48-60 mm. Head and palpi whitish-grey. Antenna3 in (J whitish, pectinations ochreous-tinged, in 9 fuscous. Thorax whitish-grey, collar suffused Avith brownish. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish-grey. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa slightly arched in ^, more strongly in 9, termen slightl}^ rounded, wav}-, very oblique; whitish-grey; an indistinct, strongly dentate, dark fuscous transverse line from \ costa to | dorsum ; a similar pos- terior line from about mid-costa obliquely outwards, acutely angled in disc and continued to mid-dorsum; a variably developed series of fine black streaks between veins in posterior part of disc; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen slightly rounded, wav}^; pale grey; cilia grey, apices white. T3^pe in British Museum. Q. Brisbane. Walker gives also Sydney and Swan River as localities, but the latter requires confirmation. Somewhat variable ; D. lanceolata, AVlk., has a dark fuscous suffusion from base of dorsum to mid-termen; other specimens have a median dark fuscous suffusion. BY A. J. TURNKIl. Gl 15. Df:stolmia nigrolinea. Notodonta nufrolinea, Luc, Trans. Nat. Hist. 8oc. Qsld. 1894^ p. 107. 9 50 mm. Head, thorax, and palpi grey, finely irrorated with white. Antenn?e ochreous-grey. Abdomen grey, apical segments finely irrorated with whitish. Legs grey, tarsi dark fuscous, irrorated with whitish. Forewings elongate, costa nearly straight except near base and apex, termen bowed; grey finely irrorated with whitish-grey; veins finely outlined with blackish; with three blackish transverse lines; first from i costa to J dorsum, nearly straight; second from f costa to |- dorsum, slightly sigmoid, third from I costa to before tornus, slightly outwardly curved near costa; a dark fuscous linear mark in disc above middle between second and third lines; a dark grey subterminal suffusion, pos- teriorly finely dentate, from costa two-thirds across disc ; cilia grey. Hindw^ings with termen rounded; whitish, thickly covered with grey hairs, especially towards inner margin; cilia dark gre}^ apices white. Type in Coll. Lucas. Q. Brisbane, in February; one specimen taken at light. Gen. 11. Pheraspis, gen.nov. [^e/jaoTTTis-, a shield bearer.] Head rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue weak or absent. Palpi short, or moderate, porrect or slightly ascending; terminal joint short. Antennne in $ pectinated to apex, in ^ shortly pectinated or simple. Thorax with a slight posterior crest. Posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with 2 from 4, 3 from angle; G from areole before or near middle, 7 from 8 -f 9 beyond areole, 10 from areole. Hind wings with 3 and 4 separate or connate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to cell. Type, P. ijolioxiitha^ Turn. 1. Hinclwings tawny 2. Hindwings not tawny xpodea. 2. Forewings with a longitudinal blackish streak from base mesotypa. Forewings without median streak poUoxutha, 62 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, 16. Pheraspis polioxutha, n.sp. [noXtos f^yey, and ^avdos tawny.] (J 9 44-56 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-grey. Antennae whitish, bipectinated in both sexes. Abdomen deep ochreous; the three terminal segments dark grey. Legs whitish-grey; anterior tarsi dark fuscous annulated with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique; whitish-grey, lines fuscous; a short, sometimes dentate, line from i costa, slightly outwardly curved, not reaching dorsum; an acutely dentate line from ^ costa to ^ dorsum; a small fuscous suffusion on mid-costa some- times produced across disc as a faint sutiused line; a finel}' dentate line from | costa, slightly sigmoid, to f dorsum; a sub- terminal series of dots more or less developed, and an interrupted terminal line; cilia whitish-grey. Hind wings with termen rounded; whitish-ochreous, sometimes suffused with fuscous, towards inner margin ochreous, terminal area sometimes suffused with greyish; cilia whitish-ochreous. Tj^pe in Coll. Turner. N.Q. Townsville, in February; two bred specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. There is an example from Cardwell in the Queensland Museum, and another from Cooktown in Coll. Lyell. 17. Pheraspis mesotypa, n.sp. [/xeVoj middle, rvnos a mark, impression.] (J 9 48-50 mm. Head whitish, mixed with a few grey hairs on crown. Palpi brown. Antennse ochreous-whitish; in 9 simple. Thorax whitish mixed with grey. Abdomen orange-ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior pair brown anteriorly'-. Forewings elongate- oval, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique, whitish irrorated with grey; a well marked dark fuscous streak from base along fold to §, thence continued obliquely by a series of short longitudinal streaks to apex; a faint interrupted grey line close to termen; cilia whitish mixed with grey. Hindwings BY A. J. TURNER. ^3 with termen rounded; grey; towards base and inner mar<^in ochreous; cilia grey, on inner margin ochreous. Type in Coll. Agricultural Department, Queensland. N.Q. Townsville, in January and February; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Also from Thursday Island. The palpi are rather longer than in P. polioxutha, and the second joint with shorter hairs. 18. Pheraspis spodea, n.sp. [a-TToSos ashes; ash-coloured.] 9. 50 mm. Head white; face white with a transverse brown line near upper edge. Palpi white, external surface brown. Antennae brown; in 9 simple. Thorax with a small posterior crest ; whitish, with a brown transverse line across collar. Abdomen whitish, dorsum of basal segments suffused with brownish. Legs whitish; anterior pair brown anteriorly. Fore- . wings elongate-oval, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique; whitish sparse^ irrorated with grey; lines grey, suffused; first from costa at J obliquely outwards, an- gulated inward near costa, to dorsum at ^; second from costa at |-, first outwardly curved then slightly sigmoid to dorsum at |; an indistinct subterminal line, edged posteriorly with white, angulated three- times in disc; cilia grey, interrupted with whitish on veins; apices whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey, at apex and tornus whitish; cilia whitish-grey. Type in Coll. Turner. Q, Brisbane, in January; one perfect specimen taken at light. Gen. 12. Themerastis, gen.nov. [defiepos grave, serious.] Head shortly rough-haired; face rounded, somewhat projecting. Eyes smooth, partly overlapped by a tuft of long hairs from pos- terior inferior quadrant. Tongue well developed. Anteniuv in ^ bipectinated to apex. Palpi very short, porrect; terminal joint minute. Thorax with a slight posterior crest. Posterior 64 RKVISIOX OF AUSTRALIAN LKPIDOPTERA, tibite with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from near angle, 6 from areole near end, 10 from end of areole. Hind wings with 3 and 4 separate, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Distinguishable from Pheraspis by the well developed tongue, rounded projecting face, and origin of vein 6 of forewings from near end of areole. 19. Themerastis celaena, n.sp. [kcXulvos dark, blackish.] (J. 45 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous. Antenme grey. Abdomen gre}^ mixed with dull ochreous. Legs grey. Forewings elongate, costa strongl}'^ arched, apex rounded-rect- angular, termen rounded, oblique; dark fuscous-grey, lines blackish; two parallel, slightly wav}-, outwardly curved transverse lines near base; a tine slightly wavy outwardly curved line from ^ costa to mid-dorsum; this is preceded near costa by a small circular blackish ring, and followed at mid-disc by a larger oval ring; a fine line from ^ costa several times angulated in disc to ^ dorsum; traces of a pale subterminal line; a fine dark terminal line; cilia grey. Hindwings with termen rounded; whitish, towards termen suff'used with dark fuscous; cilia fuscous. Type in Coll. Lyell. Vic. INIelbourne; one specimen. Gen 13. P h aler a. [(fia\r]p6s with a pale or whitish head.] Phalera, Hb., Verz. p. 14G. Head shortly rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue present. Palpi short, porrect, densel}' hairy beneath; terminal joint ver}'- short. Antennjfi of rj laminate with fascicles of cilia; of 9 simple. Thorax with a small posterior crest. Anterior tibiae with a naked groove on underside; posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from H, 3 from angle, 6 from areole, 7 from end of areole or from beyond areole, 10 from 8 -i- 9 be3^ond areole or from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate. BY A. J. TURNER. 65 connate, or stalked, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Type, P. hucephala, Linn., from Europe. 20. Phalera raya. Fhalera raya, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 433; Butl., 111. Het. vi., pi. ciii., fig. 1. Fhalera grotei, Moore, op. cit., p. 434. Fhalera cossoides, Wlk., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1862, p. 80. Acrosema amhoince, Feld., Reise Nov. pi. xcvi., fig. 2. ^. 65 mm. Head pale ochreous, lower half of face brown. Palpi pale ochreous, external surface irrorated with brown. Thorax reddish-brown mixed with white; collar and a squarish anterior blotch brownish-ochreous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs fuscous mixed with whitish; anterior femora with anterior surface pale ochreous edged externally with brown. Forewings elongate- triangular, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, crenulate, strongly oblique; reddish-brown irrorated with white, the white scales preponderating towards dorsum; lines fuscous-brown; an outwardly curved transverse line near base and another at l\ traces of a median line; a posterior line from costa at |, at first inwardly curved, then angulated in disc and slightly wavy to dorsum at |; a large sub triangular ochre- ous-brown blotch between posterior line and apex; a white suffusion at tornus; an indistinct subterminal line; cilia reddish- brown mixed with white. Hind wings with termen rounded; fuscous; a suffused paler posterior line; cilia fuscous mixed with whitish. jST.Q. Cape York, one specimen in the Queensland Museum ; Cooktown, one specimen in Coll. Illidge. Also from Amboyna (Felder) and India. Gen. 14. Discophlebia. [Sto-KOf, a plate, disc, (^Ae>/r, a vein; with veined disc] Discophlebia, Feld. Head smooth. Eyes smooth, overlapped by a tuft of long hairs arising from posterior inferior qug,drant. Tongue well developed. 5 66 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Palpi short, porrect, with loosely appressed scales beneath, not hairy; terminal joint very short. Antennae of (J laminate with fascicles of cilia, of 9 simple. Thorax not crested. Anterior tibiae with a naked groove on underside, overlapped by a proxi- mal tuft of hairs; posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings with vein 2 from |^ to |, 3 from angle, 6 from middle or beyond middle of areole, 7 from end of areole, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 appi-oximated to near end of cell. In structure this resembles Phalera, Hb., but differs in the smooth head and palpi, and in the origin of vein 2 of forewings from nearer angle of cell. Type, Discophlehia catocalina, Feld. 1. Hindwings with a broad white terminal band catocalina. Hindwings without a broad white terminal band. 2. 2. Hindwings with termen narrowly white hloserodes. Hindwings with termen not white lucasiL 21. DiSCOPHEBLIA CATOCALINA. [Probably from a supposed resemblance to the genus Catocala.^ Discophlehia catocalina, Feld., Reise Nov. pi. 96, f. 8. (J. 48 mm. Head grey, vertex whitish-grey. Palpi dark fuscous mixed with grey. Antennae grey. Thorax grey, collar dark grey. Abdomen dark fuscous; tuf t ochreous-whitish. Legs dark grey mixed with whitish. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa strongly arched, apex rounded-rectangular, termen slightly oblique, rounded towards tornus; grey, near base suffused with whitish; lines blackish; an irregularly waved line from ^ costa to § dorsum; a short outwardly-oblique streak from costa at |; a pale circular discal spot succeeds first line, and a larger spot, faintly outlined in fuscous, is situated at apex of the oblique streak; a posterior line from before mid-costa very obliquely outwards, obtusely bent in disc to become transverse, and ending in dorsum at |; veins beyond this streaked with blackish; cilia whitish-grey, intersected by continuations of streaks on veins. Hindwings with termen rounded; dark fuscous; a broad white terminal band narrowing to BY A. J. TURNER. 67 a point before tornus ; cilia white, on tornus and inner margin dark fuscous. Yic. Birchip, in May, one specimen in Coll. Lyell— S.A. Ade- laide (Felder). 22. DiSCOPHLEBIA BLOSYRODES, n.Sp. [(:i\ocrvp(o8r]s, of stern appearance.] 9. 43 mm. Head grey, with a blackish line across crown, and a,nother across middle of face. Palpi and antennae grey. Thorax grey; patagia tipped with dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous; apical segments pale ochreous. Legs gre3^ Forewings elongate- oval; costa very strongly arched, termen obliquely rounded; iron- grey; veins partly finely ontlined with black; lines black, a short basal line from costa, not reaching but produced parallel to dorsum for a short distance; a thick nearly straight line from l costa to I dorsum; a finer line from costa slightly beyond this, outwardly curved to mid-dorsum; a third line from costa before middle to J dorsum, obtusely angled in disc; cilia whitish-grey, narrowly intersected with blackish opposite veins. Hindwings with termen rounded; dark fuscous; termen narrowly white except at tornus; cilia as forewings, but on tornus and inner margin dark fuscous. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q. Townsville, in October; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. 23. DiSCOPHLEBIA LUCASII. Discophlehia lucasii, Rosen., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.. 1885, p. 421, pi. xi., f. 4. Type in British Museum. I have before me a specimen from Victoria which I believe to belong to this species, but as the identification is not quite certain I forbear to describe it. Gen. 15. Gall a b a. Gallaha, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii. 457. Head rough-haired; face with projecting cone of hairs. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi long (2J times breadth 68 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, of eye); second joint very long, somewhat ascending, rough-haired above and beneath; terminal joint well developed, loose-haired, porrect. Antennse in both sexes bipectinated to apex. Thorax smooth; l3iit patagia long, dense-scaled, projecting upwards and backwards as far as posterior edge of thorax. Abdomen with a small basal crest on dorsum of first segment. Anterior tibise in both sexes with a naked groove overlapped by a dense tuft of hairs on posterior surface; posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings w^ith vein 2 from t or from near angle, 3 from angle, 5 from slightly below middle of cell, 6 from areole, 7 from areole near apex, 10 from areole. Hind wings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to near end of cell. Type, GaUaha dujMcata, Wlk. A very distinct genus easily recognised by the peculiar palpi and patagia, 1. Forewings dark brown duplicata. Forewings grey oclt ropepla . 24. GaLLABA DUPLICATA. [Duplicatus, doubled; perhaps in allusion to the patagia.] GaUaha duplicata., Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii. 458. (J 9. 3740 mm. Head and palpi fuscous-brown mixed with whitish. Antennae ochreous-whitish, near base fuscous-brown mixed with white ; bases of pectinations blackish. Thorax fuscous-brown with a few whitish scales; apices of patagia darker. Abdomen pale fuscous or whitish; basal crest dark fuscous-brown. Legs whitish; anterior pair fuscous, tarsi annulated with whitish. Forewings oblong, costa strongly arched at base, thence nearly straight, apex rounded-rectangular, termen rounded, slightly oblique ; fuscous-brown mixed with whitish and a few reddish- brown scales ; anterior and posterior lines faintly indicated; a blackish dot margined with whitish in costal part of disc before middle, with sometimes two or three similar smaller dots in a transverse line between it and dorsum : an elongate transverse black dot margined with whitish on mid-disc, sometimes obsolete; BY A. J. TURNER. 69 sometimes a series of dark crescentic marks posteriorly edged with whitish, forming a subterminal line; cilia fuscous. Hindwings with termen sigmoid; fuscous sometimes inclining to whitish; cilia concolorous. Type in British Museum. Q. Brisbane, in May; one specimen (^) in Queensland Museum and one (9) in Coll. Illidge. 25. Gallaba ochropepla, n.sp. [coxpoy, pale; nerrXos, a cloak.] 9. 38 mm. Head white mixed with grey on vertex. Palpi white. Antennae grey, base of stalk white. Thorax grey mixed with white. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair grey mixed with white. Forewings elongate; costa moderately arched, apex pointed, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; whitish-grey, irrorated with grey, centre of disc suffused with white, a small oblique fnscous streak close to mid-base, closely succeeded by a similar streak in disc; two parallel grey lines, rather outwardly curved, from J costa to J dorsum; two similar parallel lines, interrupted in disc from |- costa to |- dorsum; a series of dark grey streaks forming an interrupted subterminal line; cilia grey mixed with whitish-grey. Hindwings with termen sigmoid; pale grey; cilia pale gre}'. Type in Coll. Lyell. Vic. Ocean Grange, near Sale, in January; one specimen. Gen. 16. E c n o m o d e s, gen. no v. \eKvofM(odr]s of unusual appearance.] Head rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue obsolete. Palpi shortly rough-scaled, in ^ recurved and reaching to vertex; in 9 rather shorter, porrect; terminal joint moderate, bent forwards. Antenna? pectinated to apex in both sexes. Thorax with an erect anterior crest. Posterior tibise with two pairs of spurs; anterior tibiae in (J with a long tuft of hairs beneath. Forewings with vein 2 from ^, 3 from well before angle, 6 from near base of 70 REVISION OP AUSTRALIAN' LEPIDOPTERA, areole, 7 from end of areole, 10 from areole. Hind wings with 3 and 4 widely separate at base, G and 7 stalked, 8 approximated to cell to beyond middle. Type, E. ticujittaria, Luc. 26. ECXOMODES SAGITTAKIA. [Sagittarius, marked with arrows.] Chlenias sagittaria, Luc, Proc. E. Soc. Qsld. 1899, p. 1-4:8. (J^. 34-40 mm. Head brown ; face whitish with a brow-n transverse line across forehead. Palpi brown, internal surface \vhitish. Antennre whitish ; stalk in $ brownish. Thorax whitish mixed with brown. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair dark brow^n. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, oblique ; whitish with some brownish irroration, markings dark fuscous; a subcostal streak more or less distinct from base to §, connected with costa at Ir and beyond middle; a short streak from near base along fold; a suffused median streak from J, interrupted beyond middle, and continued to apex ; an acutely dentate line from median streak beyond interruption to dorsum at | ; fine streaks along veins near apex; cilia whitish mixed with brownish. Hindwings with termen rounded; whitish, towards termen suffused with pale fuscous ; cilia whitish mixed with fuscous excej^t on inner margin. Type in Coll. Lucas, Q. Brisbane. Gen. 17. G a r g e t t a. Gargetta, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii. p. 455. Head ^vith loosely appressed hairs. Eyes smooth, partly covered (in G. acarodes) by a tuft of long hairs arising from margin in lower posterior quadrant. Tongue well developed. Palpi ascending, not quite reaching vertex; second joint with loosely appressed scales; terminal joint short. Antennae bipecti- nated to apex in both sexes. Thorax not crested. Posterior tibiae BY A. J. TURNER. 71 with two pairs of long spurs; anterior tibiie in ^ with a naked groove beneath, partly overlapped by a posterior crest of scales. Fore- wing in (J with a long tuft of hairs from base of dorsum beneath; vein 2 from |, 3 from well before angle, 6 from upper angle of cell immediately below areole, 7 from 8 + 9 just below areole, 10 from areole, which is broadly lozenge-shaped, extending as much before and beyond end of cell. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 closely approximated to cell to beyond middle. Type, G. costiyera, Wlk., from India. 27. Gargetta acarodes, n.sp. [axapcoST/s, rather small.] (^9. 28-30 mm. Head pale fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous. Antennae whitish, pectinations ochreous-tinged. Thorax pale fuscous mixed with whitish. Abdomen pale fuscous. Legs fuscous; tarsi with obscure paler annulations. Forewings elon- gate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; pale fuscous irrorated with white, markings dark fuscous; a narrow streak from base to mid-disc, nearer costa than dorsum; a squarish spot on costa at J; a small spot beyond this both on costa and dorsum; a strongly waved line situated in a narrow white suffusion from costa at | to dorsum at |; beyond this costa and veins are streaked with dark fuscous; two whitish dots on apical \ of costa ; a faintly marked white subterminal line interrupting streaks on veins; a series of dark fuscous ter- minal dots; cilia white, bases barred with dark fuscous. Hind- wings somewhat elongate, termen slightly sigmoid; grey, towards termen darker; cilia whitish. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q. Townsville, in March and May; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Gen. 18. 0 s i c a. Osica, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxiii. 7G6. Head with loosely appressed scales. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi long, recurved, reaching or exceeding 72 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, vertex; second joint with a dense projecting anterior tuft at apex; terminal joint moderate in (J, ratlier long in 9, smooth-scaled. Antenm« simple, in g ciliated. Thorax with a slight posterior crest. Abdomen with a small dorsal crest on first segment. Anterior tibiae with a groove beneath completely overlapped by a posterior tuft of scales; posterior tibite with two pairs of large scales. Forewings with vein 2 from |, 3 from well before angle, 6 from near end of areole, which is small, 7 from 8 + 9 well beyond areole, 10 from 8 + 9 beyond 7. Hindwings with 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 closely approximated to beyond middle of cell. Type, 0. glauca, Wlk. Our knowledge of structure has advanced somewhat since Walker described this genus among the Noct.uidcE^ with the remark that it had some reseml^lance to the GaUeridct^. 28. OSICA GLAUCA. [ykavKos, greenish.] Osica glauca, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxiii. 767. (J9. 46-60 mm. Head and antennae pale brownish. Palpi fuscous-brown, terminal joint pale brownish. Thorax brown- whitish, in O greenish-grey mixed with brown ; collar brown. Abdomen grey. Legs brownish; anterior tarsi dark fuscous, ends of joints narrowly white. Forewings elongate, costa moderately arched, apex rectangular, termen slightly rounded, slightly oblique ; brownish suffused with brown-whitish or grey; with numerous darker brown indistinct transverse lines, mostly represented b}^ dots on veins; a large pale squarish discal spot margined anteriorly and posteriorly by dark brown; shortly beyond this is a fine sigmoid dentate line from } costa to mid-dorsum; a subterminal series of dark brown dots; a fine interrupted dark fuscous terminal line; cilia brown-whitish mixed with dark brown. Hindwings about twice breadth of forewings, termen rounded; dark grey; cilia grey. Type in British Museum. Q. Brisbane, in August. I BY A. J. TURNER. 73 Gen. 19. Cascera. Cascera, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii. p. 460. Head rough-haired. Eyes naked. Tongue well developed. Palpi recurved, ascending, reaching vertex; second joint very long, anteriorly rough-scaled; terminal joint moderate. Antenna^ in $ bipectinated, apical | simple; in 9 simple. Thorax with a small posterior crest. Posterior tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Forewings v/ith 2 from J, 3 from angle, 6 from areole before or beyond middle, 7 from end of areole or from 8 + 9 beyond areole, 10 from areole. Hindwings with 3 and 4 separate, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 approximated (sometimes anastomosing) to beyond middle of cell. Type, C. 7nuscosa, Wlk. 1. Forewings partly green muxcosa. Forewings without green markings (uiu/dra. 29. Cascera muscosa. [Muscosus, mossy.] Cascera muscosa, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxii., p. 461. 9. 54 mm. Head and palpi brown mixed with whitish; vertex ochreous-tiiiged. Antennae brown. Thorax brown mixed with pale green. Abdomen brownish-grey. Legs brown mixed with whitish; anterior pair greenish-tinged. Forewings elongate-tri- angular, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded, crenulate, brown mixed with grey, whitish, and green forming very complex markings which are probabl}' variable; costa barred with dark brown and greenish; an irregu- lar green patch near base, and an irregular broad median green band; a whitish spot on costa at |, and another in dorsal part of disc at J; beyond median green band is a dark brown band, its outer edge distinct and crenated; beyond this is a subterminal series of green spots edged posteriorly first by whitish, then by dark brown; cilia greenish. Hindwings with termen rounded, wavy; brownish-grey; two or three whitish spots in a line parallel 74 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, to inner margin near tornus; cilia whitish with a greenish median line. Type in British Museum. Q. Brisbane; one specimen in Coll. Illidge. Walker gives " Swan River, from Mr. Diggles' Collection," as the origin of this species, but this locality is certainly erroneous. 30. Cascera amydra, n.sp. [^afjivdpos, dark.] (J 9- 40-48 mm. Head whitish mixed with brownish-ochreous. Palpi brown. Antennae brown, pectinations dark fuscous. Thorax dark brownish-grey, collar light brownish-ochreous. Abdomen grey. Legs brown mixed with whitish. Torewings elongate- oblong, costa moderately, in 9 strongly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, slightly oblique; brown suffused and irrorated with grey; a transverse dark brown line near base, and another from ^ costa to f dorsum; a small brown discal spot above mid- disc, in (J this is edged beneath by white, and preceded in disc by a larger white spot, an indistinct posterior line from f costa to f dorsum; a subterminal row of small circular blackish spots;. cilia brownish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey; cilia grey. The M'hite markings on forewing of ^ are probably inconstant and variable. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q. Townsville, in March and April; two specimens received from Mr. Dodd, of which one (9) is in Coll. Lyell. Species unrecognised or not rightly included in this FAMILY. 31. Clathe arida, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. v. p. 994, belongs to the Lasiocamjnda'. 32. Nadiasa 2}arvigutta,y^\\i., op. cU.,y. p. 1015, belongs to the genus Pinara (Lasiocampidce). 33. Listoca lignaria, Wlk., O]). cit., v. p. 1021, is a synonym of Clathe arida, Wlk. BY A. J. TURNER. 75 J op. cit., V. p. 1065, are also syn- onyms of Clathe arida, Wlk. op. cit., V. p. 1099, belongs to the xxxii. p. 409. I have 34. Sorema nubila, Wlk., 35. Soi'ema contracta, Wlk 36. Ptilomacra senex, Wlk. Zetizeridce. 37. Destolmia (?) Uturata, Wlk., op. cit. not seen the type of this species. 38. Eilia distinguenda, Wlk., op. cit., xxxii. p. 435, is a synonym of Olene mendosa, Hb., (Lyrnantriadff). 39. Rigema facta, Wlk., op. cit., xxxii. p. 438, is a synonym of Psalis securis, Hb., {Lymantriadcii) . 40. Yiinga delineata, Wlk., op. cit., xxxii. p. 453, is a synonym of Sinyriodes aplectaria, Gn. {jTeoinetridai). 41. Asteroscopus nodosus, Swin., Cat. Lep. Oxf. Mus. i. p. 299, is a synonym of Chlenias banksiaria. Le G. {Geoinelridce). 42. Lomatosticha nigrostr-iata, Moschl., 8tett. Ent. Zeit. I have not been able to consult this description. 43. Teinocladia cucidloides, FelcL, is a synonym of Cupnsa senilis^ Wlk. ( G some tri dee). INDEX TO NOTODONTIDJ^. Cascijra, Wlk. ... Cerura, Schrank. Daxima, Wlk. ... Destolmia, Wlk. DiscoPHLEBiA, Feld. ECNOMODES, n.g. ... Gallaba, Wlk. .. Garuetta, Wlk. Hyleora, Dbld. ... Neola, Wlk. Genera. No. No. 19 (Enosanda, Wlk. J^ 6 OSICA, Wlk. 18 9 Phalera, Hb. ... n 10 Pheraspis, n.g. ... 11 14 Pheressaces, n.g. 7 16 SORAMA, Wlk. ... 3 15 Spatalia, Hb. ... • 4 17 Teleclita, n.g. .. 5 1 Themerastis, n.g. 12 Species. Synonyms and unrecognised Species in Italics. acarodes, n.sp. amhoimCjFeld. amydra, n.sp. arida, Wlk. australis, Scott banksiie, Lew. bicolor, Wlk. bloserodes, n.sp. "^o. No. 27 boisduvalii, Newm . 12 20 capucina, Feld. .' . 5 30 catocalina, Feld . 21 31 celaena, n.sp . 1» 9 cinerea, Luc. . 14 13 contracta, Wlk. ... . 35 6 cosiioide^, Wlk . 20 22 costalis, Moore 7 76 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, No. No. cuculloides, Feld ... 43 nigrolineata, Luc. ... 15 cycnoptera, Low. .. 10 nigroiitriata, Moschl, ... ... 42 cydista, n.sp. ... 8 nodosus, Swin ... 41 delineata, Wlk ... 40 nubUa,\Y\k ... 34 dilucida, Feld ... 3 ochropepla, n.sp. ... 25 dhthuiuenda, Wlk. ... 38 ixirvigutta, Wlk. ... ... 32 duplicata, Wlk ... 24 polioxutha, n.sp ... 16 eucalypti, Dbld. .. 1 raya, Moore ... 20 glauca, Wlk ... 28 sagittaria, Luc ... 26 qrotei, Moore ... 20 semiaurata, Wlk. ... 4 inelyta, Wlk. 2 senex, Wlk. ... 36 lanceolata, Wlk '.'.'. 14 >ipliinx, Feld. ... 1 Lignaria, Wlk ... 38 spirucha, n.sp ... 11 lineata, Wlk ... 14 spodea, n.sp ... 18 lititrata, Wlk ... 37 squiDnipunctum, Feld. ... ... 12 lueasii, Rosen ... 23 t acta, Wlk ... 39 mesotypa, n.sp ... 17 terminalis, Wlk ... 12 muscosa, Wlk ... 29 Fam. HYPONOMEUTID^. Under this name it is convenient to describe a small group of genera allied to Hyponomeuta, Latr., and Enstixxs, Hb. = Mieza, Wlk., — Enaemia, Zel. 8ome of these forms approach in structure to the Oecophoridce, from which they ma}^ be distinguished inter alia by the smooth posterior tibite. They show, however, much greater variation in the neuration than the latter family. To the Glyphipterygidce they are allied, and Mr. Meyrick merges both into the family PluteUidcn. As I am not at present competent to express any opinion as to whether the Hyponomeiitidde are to be regarded as a distinct family, I shall not attempt any definition. The Australian species, of which about twenty are at present known, have hitherto been much confused, although they are all fine and conspicuous insects. In their study I have derived assistance from Walsingham and Durrant's contribution to Swinhoe's 'Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Oxford Museum' (Vol.ii. p. 558): and I am indebted to Lord Walsingham for permission to describe several species, the types of which are in his Collection. Mr. Lower has kindly lent me for examination the types of two species described by him. BY A. J. TURNKR. 77 The genus mentioned above, commonly known as Enaemia^ Zel., which has all the veins separate in both wings, is not at present known to occur in Australia. Tabulation of Genera. A. Hindwings with vehi 4 absent Hy^wnomeuta. AA. Hindwings with veins 4 and 5 stalked or connate. B. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked Epidictica. BB. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate Lactura. AAA. Hindwings with veins 4 and 5 separate. B. Forewings with veins 2 and 3 stalked _ Epopsia. BB. Forewings with veins 2 and 3 separate, C. Hindwings with 5 bent and approximated at base to 4 , HulyclmrU. CC. Hindwings with 5 widely separated at base from 4 Atteva. Gen. 1. Hyponomeuta, Latr. [vTTo, under, vofxevs, a shepherd ; probably from the gregarious habits of the larvae.] Head smooth. Antennae in ^ simple, very minutely ciliated. Tongue well-developed. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Labial palpi moderate, curved, ascending; second joint with appressed scales; terminal joint about as long ^s second, stout, tolerably acute, with appressed scales slightly roughened in front. Forewings elongate; with twelve veins, all separate, vein 2 from near angle, 3, 4, 5 approximated at base. Hindwings with vein 4 absent, 5 widely separate from 3, 6 and 7 nearly parallel. A genus of probabl}^ nearly world-wide distribution. The larvae feed gregariously in a common web. Only two Australian species are known. 1. Forewings whitish-grey, spots near termen confluent 7m.sascs of patagia and a pair of median spots black. Abdomen blackisli, apices of segments, tuft, and most of under- side white. Legs white annulated willi l)lack. Forewings narrow-elongate; wliitish-grey with numerous black spots; G or 7 spots on )>asal half of costa; a row of six spots al)ove dorsal margin, the last two touching margin near tornus; a row of eight spots above fold; several spots irregularly distributed l)etween this row and apical half of costa; a number of confluent spots near termen; cilia grey, bases l)Iackish. iiindwings considerably ])roader than forewings; grey; cilia grey, towards tornus white. Walker described iidcrnellus on the same page but l)efore puHtulelliix^ indicating, however, that the former might be a vari(!ty of tlie latter; so that T pi-esume the second name should be adopted for the species. i.l. Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine and Warwick; in October and November— N.S.W. Sydney (Walker). 2. lIvpoNo>ir:uTA myriosemus. |/xi;/H'oi-, numerous, crr^^a, a mark; many-spotted.] I fypo'nomeuta myrioHema, Turn., Trans. R. See. S.A. 1898, p. 200. Tyf)e in Coll. Turner. Q. Brisbane and Mt. Tambourine; in August and November. Gen. 2. A tt e v a. Atteva, Wlk., I^,rit. >Tus. Cat. ii. 52G. Head smooth. Antennae in male simple. Tongue well developed. Maxillary palj)i obsolete. Tjabial palpi moderate, curved, ascend- ing, smootli-scaled; terminal joint about as long as second, stout, t()l(!rably acute. Forewings elongate ; with twelve veins, all s(!()arate, vein 2 from considerably })efore angle. Iiindwings with eight veins, all separate, veins .'>, 4, and 5 widely separate, 5, G, and 7 somciwhat approximated at base. Hindlegs of ^ very sl(Mider and the tibi;e without spurs. A genus of wide distribution, being represented in the tropics of both liemispheres. For its synonymy refer to Swinhoe's MY A. J. turnp:r, 79 'Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera' (Vol. ii. p.558), Tineina, by Walsingham and Durrant. Type, Atteva nivpigutta, Wlk., from India. 1 . Hindwings wholly orange niphocosma. Hindwings with apical lialf grey 2. 2. Forewings with a dark I'uscous terminal band a/higuttata. Forewings without a dark fuscous terminal band chw^opis. 3. Atteva NiPiiocosi\iA, n.sp. [vLcfia, snow, KuaiJLs, an ornament; adorned with snow-white.] ^. 25 linn, Head snow-white; a dark fuscous spot on crown. Palpi dark fuscous with some white scales; base of second joint white. Antenme dark fuscous. Thorax golden-ochreous, with a postmedian snow-white spot ; patagia and tegula; snow-white except at base; a pair of white spots on underside. Abdomen golden-ochreous; on underside with a median row of white spots. Legs dark fuscous, femora and posterior til)ia?! golden-ochreous, banded with white. Forewings elongate, costa arched near apex, apex rounded, hindmai'gin slightly oblique, slightly rounded; golden-ochreous, with numerous snow-white spots of unequal size; a row of 9 or 10 small spots on or near costa ; two on dorsum near base; two on dorsum before tornus, of these the first is larger ; five unequally-sized spots in disc not regularly arranged; an erect bar from anal angle to near last costal spot; a spot on termen beneath apex; cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings elongate, as broad as forewings; golden-ochreous of brighter shade than forewings; cilia concolorous. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q. Townsville; one specimen in February, received from Mr. F, P. Dodd — Q. Brisbane; one specimen in March. A. impariguUella, Zel., is an allied species from Ceylon. A. fahricieUa, ^^wed.-- niviguttclla, Wlk., from India and China is very similar but distinct. A. brucea, Moore, from Java is another closely allied species. A. emissella, Wlk., from Borneo, is similar but has grey hindwings. A. niveAgiitta, Wlk., from Assam, has been naturally confounded with nwiguttella, but is 80 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, a very different species. I am indebted to Mr. Durrant for this note. 4. Atteva albiguttata. [Albus, white, gutta, a drop; with white spots]. Zeller (teste Durrant). I have not seen the reference. Head and face golden-ochreous with white margins. Palpi blackish, bases and apices of joints white. Thorax golden- ochreous, with paired white dots on apices of tegulse, bases of patagia, and posteriorly. Abdomen golden-ochreous; on under- side a median row of white dots. Legs blackish annulated with white. Forewings elongate; golden-ochreous with numerous snow-white spots; ten small spots on costa; ten or eleven in a line beneath costa; five on dorsal margin; and about a dozen of unequal size between dorsum and the preceding row; an erect white bar, sometimes interrupted, from tornus narrowing to costa near apex; beyond this disc is dark fuscous; three minute dots near apex; cilia white. Hindwings dark grey; basal fourth golden-ochreous; cilia grey, on tornus and inner margin golden-ochreous. Q. Brisbane, in April. 6. Atteva charopis, n.sp. [xapoTTty, bright, joyous.] (J9. 26 mm. Head white; posterior edge and a line between antennae dark fuscous. Palpi white; a band on second joint and on terminal joint towards apex dark fuscous. Antenme dark fuscous. Thorax golden-ochreous ; a double post-median spot and apices of tegulse snow-white; three pairs of white spots on underside. Abdomen golden-ochreous. Legs dark fuscous banded with white; posterior pair in $ whitish-ochreous. Fore- wings elongate, costa arched near apex, apex rounded. Hind- margin slightly oblique, slightly rounded; golden-ochreous with numerous snow-white spots of unequal; size a minute basal spot; seven to ten small spots on costa, the two penultimate rather larger; a large spot above dorsum near base, and another BY A. J. TURNER. 81 on dorsum beyond this; three spots on dorsum before tornus, the middle one sometimes connected with a discal spot; four rather large discal spots in longitudinal series; an erect bar from tornus towards last costal spot, sometimes divided into two spots; cilia fuscous, apices paler. Hind wings bright golden-ochreous; apical half dark fuscous; cilia dark fuscous on apical half of termen, thence bright golden-ochreous. A series including the type in Coll. Walsingham. JSr.Q. Cedar Bay, near Cooktown (Meek). This species resembles though it does not accurately corres- pond with A. puIcheUa, Moore, a species of doubtful locality. An examination of the type is necessary to establish or con- tradict its identity. Gen. 3. E p i d i c t i c a, gen.nov. [enideLKTiKos, fit for display, ostentatious.] Ejndictica, Wlsm., MS. Head smooth. Antennae of male slightly serrate, very minutely ciliated. Tongue well developed. Maxillary palpi minute. Labial palpi rather short, porrect, with appressed scales; terminal joint as long as second, rather stout, tolerably pointed. Forewings elongate-ovate; vein 2 from near angle, 7 and 8 stalked. Hind- wings with veins 4 and 5 stalked or rarely connate, 6 and 7 tolerably parallel. Type, E. calliphyUa^ Turn. 1. Head white cristata. Head orange or reddish 2. 2. Hindwings reddish 3. Hindwings with apical half dark purplish . pilcheri. 3. Forewings yellowish with numerous red lines calliphylla. Forewings purple-reddish with yellow spots , . . . thiospila. 7. Epidictica calliphylla, n.sp. \Ka\\i(\iv\\oSi with beautiful wings.] (J 9. 20-24 mm. Head red, sides of crown and lower half of face pale yellow. Palpi and antennse red. Thorax pale yellow; 6 82 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, two lateral spots and base of collar, a bar across tegulfe, and a broad cruciform mark, red. Abdomen reddish. Legs pale yellowish partly suffused with reddish ; anterior pair red, basal half of tibite and first tarsal joint pale j^ellow on external surface. Forewings elongate-oval, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; pale yellow with red lines on veins and on basal portions of costa and inner margin; several longitudinal red lines in disc; an inwardly oblique line of slightly darker colour across basal portion of cell; a similar short inwardly oblique line from end of cell to dorsum ; a short outwardly oblique line before apex commencing from vein 9, crossing 7 and 8 at their bifurcation, bent inwards at vein 6 to end on vein 5; cilia red, apices ^^ellowish. Hinclwings with termen slightly excavated before tornus; reddish; cilia reddish, in excavation whitish. This species has been mistaken for Lactura mactata, Feld., but the venation should be a sufficient distinction. The oblique line crossing the distal veins is characteristic. Var. tenuilinea. [Tenuis, slender, linea, a line; with slender lines.] Differs from the type as follows : — All red markings except cruciform mark on thorax, and oblique lines on forewings much reduced or absent. Though very different in superficial appearance the markings where traceable agree accurately with type. Both forms were taken together, and I have no doubt they represent the same species. Type in Coll. Turner. Q. Brisbane and Mt. Tambourine; a series taken in ISTovember. 8. Epidictica cristata. Cyptasia cristata, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 383. Enaeynia callianthes, Low., Trans. R. Soc. S.A. 1894, p. 111. Enaemia mixoleuca, Turn., Trans. R. Soc. S.A. 1900, p. 14. Type in British Museum. N.Q. Mackay (Lower) — Q. Gympie. BY A. J. TURNER. 83 9. Epidictica thiospila, n.sp. [delov, sulphur; o-ttIXo?, a spot; with pale yellow spots.] (J. 27 mm. Head orange; face and palpi yellowish. Antennt\3 yellowish; towards base orange. Thorax dull purple-reddish; collar and apex of teguhe pale yellow. Abdomen reddish. Legs reddish. Forewings elongate-oval, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; dull purple- reddish; edge of dorsum, of basal third of costa, and of apical fourth of costa, orange; spots pale yellow; a large triangular spot on costa near base; a smaller spot opposite this on dorsum; a second costal spot at |; several small indistinct spots in posterior part of disc ; a narrow pale yellow terminal band, its anterior edge indented above middle; cilia pale yellow. Hindwings and cilia reddish; veins 4 and 5 connate. Type in Coll. Walsingham. ;N'.Q. Mackay; one specimen (Meek). 10. Epidictica pilcheri. Calliyenia pilcheri. Luc, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1891, p. 279. 9. 20-22 mm. Head reddish-orange. Palpi reddish-orange. Antennee blackish, near base reddish-orange. Thorax purple- reddish; two spots on tegula? and a large posterior spot reddish- orange; apices of patagia and a pair of lateral spots pale yellowish. Abdomen reddish-orange. Legs blackish irrorated with reddish- orange and whitish. Forewings elongate-oval, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquel}^ rounded; purple-reddish; spots pale yellowish; those on costa and dorsum partly suffused with reddish-orange; a large squarish spot on costa at \; a smaller spot on costa at §; an elongate subtriangular spot on mid-dorsum, preceded and followed by a small spot in disc; a small spot before tornus, two termhial spots, and two or three dots in posterior portion of disc; cilia reddish-orange, at tornus interrupted by purple-reddish. Hindwings purple-reddish; basal \ and costa reddish-orange; cilia purple-reddish, on tornus and inner margin reddish-oranixe. 84 KEVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, Type ill Coll. Lucas. Q. Rockliampton (Lucas), Bundaberg, and Brisbane; in November and March. No doubt this species is somewhat variable; I have not seen the male. Gen. 4. L a c t u r a. Lactura, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. ii. 485. Head smooth. Antennae in male slightly serrate, veiy minutely ciliated. Tongue well developed. Maxillary palpi minute. Labial palpi rather short, porrect, with appressed scales; terminal joint as long or rather shorter than second, rather stout, tolerably pointed. Forewings elongate-ovate; with 12 veins all separate, 2 from near angle. Hindwings with veins 4 and 5 stalked or rarely connate, 6 and 7 tolerably parallel. Type, L. dives, Wlk. This genus includes and supersedes Dianasa, Wlk., Themiscyra, Wlk., and Cyptasia, Wlk. 1. Forewings with numerous red Unes parallel to veins 2. Forewings with veins not outHned with red 6. 2. Forewings marked with grey 3. Forewings without grey markings 4. 3. Forewings with a large apical grey blotch egregkUa. Forewings with apex yellowish laetifera. 4. Forewings with oblique purplish lines 5. Forewings without purple lines erythractis. 5. Purplish lines suffused and connected in disc eupoecila. Purplish lines narrow, separate mactata. 6. Forewings with yellow or white blotches on apex and tornus. mfasa. Forewings without blotches on apex and tornus 7. 7. Forewings reddish caminata. Forewings fuscous dives. n. Lactora egregiella. [Egregius, distinguished.] Cyptasia egregiella, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. xxxv. p. 1837. g. 22 mm. Head and thorax whitish with reddish markings. Palpi, antennae and abdomen reddish. Forewings elongate-ovate BY A. J. TURNER. 8;j costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; whitish with reddish lines on veins ; a large triangular grey blotch, its apex at mid-costa, its base along nearly the whole of dorsum, containing several whitish spots near dorsum; a large apical grey blotch; cilia whitish. Hindwings and cilia reddish. My only example is in poor condition, but the above description should be sufficient for recognition. Type in British Museum. N.Q.— Q. Wide Bay (Olliff). Walker gives " Swan River, from Mr. Diggles' Collection," but this is certainly an error. Probably Diggles' specimen was taken near Moreton Bay, Queensland. 12. Lactura laetifera. [Laetifer, joyful, pleasing.] Themiscyra laetifera, Wlk., Brit. Mus, Cat. xxxi. p. 258. Enaemia pyrochrysa, Low., Trans. R. Soc. S.A. 1894, p. 111. (^9. 30-32 mm. Head pale yellow, upper margin of face and middle of crown reddish-orange. Palpi pale yellow. Antennae reddish-orange. Thorax pale yellow with a central grey stripe bifurcating posteriorly; bases of tegulse, a spot behind tegulte, and centres of patagia reddish-orange. Abdomen reddish-orange, beneath pale yellow. Legs pale yellowish; anterior pair reddish- orange; femora tinged with reddish-orange. Forewings elongate- ovate, costa strongly arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, slightly oblique; pale yellow, veins outlined with reddish-orange; with two grey fascise interrupting streaks on veins; first fascia from mid-costa to near base of dorsum; second fascia confluent with first on costa, outwardly curved, narrowing in disc, to dorsum at |, connected by a dorsal streak with first fascia; from it are given off a broad central streak to termen, a short oblique streak to tornus, and a fine streak along dorsum to torn us; cilia pale yellow. Hindwings and cilia reddish-orange. Type in British Museum. N.Q. Cairns (Lower) — Q. Bundaberg, Brisbane. 86 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, 13. Lactuka ERYTHRACTIS. ypvOpos, red.] Enaemia erythractis, Me3'r., Trans. E. See. S.A. 1886, p. 1043. ^(^. 26-32 mm. Head reddish; sides of crown and face pale yellow. PaljDi and antenna? reddish. Thorax pale j'ellow; an anterior cruciform mark and a posterior spot red; posterior ex- tremity pale 3^ellow: collar narrowly red at base; tegulce red, apex and a spot near base pale yellow. Abdomen reddish. Legs reddish; internal surfaces yellowish. Forewdngs elongate-oval, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; pale j^ellow with red lines; a narrow line along costa to §; another along inner margin to 4, basal portion broad, median portion sometimes obsolete; a short streak along basal part of vein 12; a streak along vein 11 to costa; cell broadly outlined, incompletely so along submedian, crossed towards base by an oblique line which is prolonged to dorsum at \; bej^ond this it is divided by a median line, each division containing a short longitudinal streak; a strong line from end of cell to dorsum at 4; veins 2 to 10 outlined; cilia red, apices pale yellowish. Hind- wings and cilia reddish. Type in Macleay Museum. N.Q. Townsville, in January, a series received from Mr. F. P. Dodd; Bowen {Me3^rick). Distinguished by its large size and absence of oblique dark lines. 14. Lactura eupoecila, n.sp. [einroLKLkos, variegated.] (J9. 23-26 mm. Head red; sides of crown and face pale yellowish. Palpi red, terminal joint pale yellowish. Antennae reddish. Thorax pale yellow; base of collar, two lateral spots on collar, margins of patagia, and an anterior cruciform mark red; a posterior dot purple-grey; posterior extremity pale yellow. Abdomen red, lower surface, and in $ also apex, pale yellow. BY A. J. TURNER. 87 Legs pale yellowish suffused with reddish; anterior pair reddish, basal half of tibiae and first joint of tarsus pale yellow on external surface. Forewings elongate-ovate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; pale yellow with red lines along veins; two strong oblique purple-grey lines; first from costa at I to inner margin near base, narrowly interrupted near costa; second from beneath costa near apex to inner margin at |, dilated on inner margin and connected with first fascia in disc, its costal half being represented by short streaks on veins; in addition to red lines on veins there are a bisecting line and several other lines in cell, and a line along inner margin, and at base of costa; cilia red, apices pale yellowish. Hindwings and cilia pale reddish; in 9 deep reddish; veins 3 and 4 short-stalked in ^J, closely approximated in 5. A series including the type in Coll. Walsingham. N.Q. Cedar Bay, near Cook town (Meek). There appears to be a constant sexual difference in the colour- ation of the hindwings and abdomen. 15. Lactura mactata. [Mactatus, honoured.] Mieza mactata, F. and R., Reise Nov. pi. cxxxix. fig. 44. (J^. 19-20 mm. Head pale yellow, centre of crown reddish; face whitish. Palpi whitish; external surface of second joint reddish. Antenno3 red. Thorax pale yellow, margins of tegulte and patagia and a broad central stripe not reaching posterior extremity red. Abdomen reddish, beneath whitish. Legs pale yellow tinged with reddish; anterior pair mostly red. Forewings elongate-ovate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded, pale yellow with red streaks along veins, and additional longitudinal red streaks in disc; two narrow oblique purple-grey fasciie; first from dorsum at J- towards but scarcely reaching costa at I; second from dorsum at J nearly to apex, interrupted in disc, with two narrow processes anteriorl}-, 88 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, one Oil and the other near dorsum, but not reaching first fascia; a narrow red terminal line; cilia pale yellow, bases red. Hind- wings and cilia reddish. N.Q. Cape York (Felder), Kuranda, Geraldton (Johnstone River); in October and November. Smaller and narrower-winged than the preceding, the fasciae •narrower, not connected, the second fasciae without processes to termen. Felder's figure is coarse and inaccurate, but may fairly be assumed to represent this species. 16. Lactura suffusa. Dianasa sujf'usa, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. ii. p. 488. Dianasa (?) obscura, Butl., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 346. Hy2)oprepia haematopus, F. &l R., Reise Nov. pi. 139, f. 54, 55. (J9. 40-46 mm. Head yellow, in 9 white. Palpi yellow, in 9 white, apices fuscous. Antenna? dark fuscous ; basal joint yellow, in 9 white. Thorax red, anterior margin broadly yellow in (J, white in 9; patagia except bases in $ gt'ey. Abdomen red, beneath ochreous-whitish, sides in $ grey. Legs dark fuscous; femora red. Forewings elongate-ovate, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen slightly rounded, oblique; grey, in 9 sometimes pale red; a red streak along fold, and another mid- way between fold and costa, commencing at ^; a broad yellow stripe along costa to J, terminating abruptly, in 9 white; costal edge red; a dark red dot in costal stripe near base, and a second elongate spot on lower edge near middle; two red dots above dorsum at ^ and ^; a triangular blotch at apex and another at tornus, margined in disc by red, 3^ellow in (J, white in 9; cilia yellowish, in 9 whitish. Hind wings and cilia red, in ^ termen and cilia sometimes suffused with dark grey. Var. obscura, Butl. — (J. Forewings exactly as in type, but ground colour darker. Hindwings and cilia blackish-fuscous. Abdomen above blackish-fuscous, irrorated with red near base. Q. Brisbane. Felder's locality, Assam, is probably erroneous. BY A. J. TURNER. 89 17. Lactura caminaea. [KUfxivos, a furnace; fiery red.] Enaemia caminaea, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1886, p. 1044. Type in Australian Museum. N.S.W. Newcastle (Meyrick). 18. Lactura dives. Lactura dives, Wlk., Brit. Mus. Cat. ii, p. 485. ^9. 28-32 mm. Head reddish; face pale yellow. Palpi and antenme black. Thorax blackish; with a large posterior pale yellow spot. Abdomen black; sides red; tuft yellowish. Legs black. Forewings elongate-oval, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded ; purple-blackish, with seven rather large roundish pale yellow spots; a spot at base; a second beneath costa at J; third above dorsum at f ; fourth in disc beyond middle; fifth beneath and internal to fourth; sixth small just above inner margin before tornus ; seventh small, somewhat suffused, partly bisected by a dark line on vein in disc at f ; cilia dark fuscous, apical | from before apex to middle of termen pale yellow. Hind wings fuscous ; basal portion, except near inner margin, reddish; cilia fuscous, with a darker basal line. Type in British Museum. N.Q. Townsville, in March; a series bred by Mr. F. P. Dodd. Gen. 5. E p o p s i a, gen. no v. I eVo\//-ios-, conspicuous.] Head loosely scaled. Tongue present. Palpi short, recurved, smooth-scaled; second joint short; terminal joint J second, rather short, tolerably acute, apex just reaching base of antenna?. Antennae in male simple, with short even ciiiations (5). Thorax smooth. Posterior tibit^ smooth-scaled. Forewings with veins 2 and 3 on a long stalk from angle, 7 and 8 separate, 7 to termen. 90 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTEKA, Hind win o-s with disco-cellular sharpl}' angled, 3 and 4 from a point, 5 from middle of cell, 6 and 7 short-stalked. Very distinct in the stalking of veins 2 and 3 of forewings, and 6 and 7 of hind wings. 19. Epopsia metreta, n.sp. [iJLfTprjTos, measured.] (J. 20 mm. Head yellow, back of crown red. Palpi red, ter- minal joint mixed with pale yellow. Antennae red, towards apex whitish. Thorax red; a central spot and basal J of tegulse bright yellow. Abdomen reddish. Legs reddish; middle tibise and tarsi, and posterior tarsi yellowish. Forewings elongate- oblong, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded; dull red; markings bright yellow, an inwardly oblique fascia from costa before middle to dorsum at ^; a tri- angular spot on dorsum before tornus; apical part of termen narrowly pale yellow; cilia red, towards apex pale yellow. Hinclwings and cilia red. Type in Coll. Walsingham. jST.Q. Cedar Bay near Cooktown (INIeek). Gen. 6. H e d y c h a r i s, gen.nov. [i]8vxapr]s, sweetly joyous.] Head smooth. Tongue present. Palpi short, recurved, with appressed scales; terminal joint shorter than second, pointed. Antennae of male simple, very minutely ciliated. Forewings elongate-ovate; with twelve veins, 7 and 8 stalked. Hindwings with eight veins, all separate, 5 approximated to 4 at base, 6 and 7 tolerably parallel. 20. Hedyciiaris piioenobapta, n.sp. [(pnmk, dark red; [iaiTTos^ dyed.] (J. IGmm. Head and palpi orange-reddish. Antennae blackish. Thorax purplish-red; with a pair of postmedian lateral whitish spots. Abdomen purplish-red; some basal hairs, lower and lateral BY A. J. TURNER. 91 surfaces orange. Legs whitish mixed with dark fuscous. Fore- wings elongate-oval, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, hindmargin obliquely rounded; purplish-red, markings whitish; a longitudinal line in disc at -1-; three small spots in a line above dorsum; a spot close to dorsum before tornus; a dot at end of cell; a broadish line along termen, dilated at extremities, not reaching tornus ; cilia purplish-red. Hind wings thinly scaled; purplish-red; some orange hairs near inner margin; cilia purplish- red. Type in Coll. Turner. Q. Brisbane; one specimen in March. Species unrecognised or belonging to other families. 21. Mieza (j) picta, F. and R., Reise Nov. pi. 138, f. 49. " Aus- tralia, Cape York." 22. Mieza (1) erythrocera, F. and R., oj'. cit., pi. 138, f. 53. "Aus- tralia, Cape York." 23. Mieza {1) phomodes, F. and R., op. cit., pi. 139, f. 37. "Aus- tralia, Cape York." These three species are unknown tome. 24. Polynesa maculosa, Turn., Trans. Pv. Soc. S.A. 1898, p. 201. I am inclined to refer this genus to the GeiechiidcE. The posterior tibise are hairy, not smooth-scaled as stated. 25. Callithauma basilica, Turn., op. cit., 1900, p. 15. I now refer this genus to the (I'Jcophoyndce. 26. G eratophysetis sphaerosticha, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 188G, p. 1045. This genus should, I think, be referred to the (Ecophoridm in the neighbourhood of Psecadia. The posterior tibiae are certainly hairy. 27. Thyridectis psephonoma, Meyr., op. cit., 1886, p. 1046. I do not know this species. INDEX TO HYPOXOMEUTlD.li:. Genera. No. No. Atteva, Wlk ... 2 Hkdvchakis, n.g. G Epidictica, n.g ... 3 HvpoxoMKUTA, Latr. ... ... 1 Epopsia, n.g ... 5 Lactuka, Wlk ... 4 92 REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. Species. Synonyms and unrecognised Species in Italics. albiguttata, Zel ... 4 maculosa, Turn .. 24 baxilica, Turn. ... ... 24 metreta, n.sp .. 19 calliantkcs, Low 8 mixoleuca. Turn. .. 8 calliphylla, n.sp ... 7 myriosemus, Turn. 2 caminaea, Meyr ... 17 niphocosma, n.sp. .. 3 charopis, n.sp ... 6 o^.scHm, Butl .. 16 cristata, Butl ... 8 phoenobapta, n.sp. .. 20 dives, Wlk ... 18 phoe nodes, F. & R. . 23 egregiella, Wlk ... 11 ^;/c^a, F. &R .. 21 erythractis, Meyr. ... 13 pilcheri, Luc .. 10 erytltrocera, F. & R. ... 22 pi^ephunonia, Meyr. .. 27 eupoecila, n.sp ... 14 pustulellus, Wlk 1 haematopus, F. & R. ... 16 ■pyrochrysa, Low. .. 12 internellus, Wlk. ... 1 sphaerosticha, Meyr. .. 26 laetifera, Wlk .. 12 suffusa, Wlk .. 16 mactata, Feld ... 15 thiospila, n.sp .. 9 93 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Kesteven recorded the occurrence in Sydney Harbour of Asaphis contraria, Desli. The species was originally described from Bourbon, but has lately (in the Society's Proceedings for 1900, Vol. XXV., p. 731) been recorded from the mouth of the Nambuccra River, N.S. W., b}^ Mr. C. Hedley. Early in January of the present year Miss L. Parkes obtained a single small valve from Balmoral Beach, Sydney Harbour. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29Tn, 1903. The Ordinary Monthly Meeting of the Society was held in the Linnean Hall, Ithaca Road, Elizabeth Bay, on Wednesday evening, April 29th, 1903. Dr. T. Storie Dixson, President, in the Chair. Messrs. H. I. Jensen, Sydney University; and Walter G. WooLNOUGH, B.Sc, Adelaide University, were elected Ordinary Members of the Society. The President announced that, under the provisions of Rule xxv., the Council had elected Professor David, B.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., Mr. Henry Deane, M.A., F.L.S., &c., Mr. J. H. Maiden, F.L.S., and the Hon. James Norton, LL.D., M.L.C., to be Vice-Presi- dents; and Mr. J. R. Garland, M.A. (56 Elizabeth Street), to be Hon. Treasurer, for the current year. The Donations and Exchanges received since the previous Monthly Meeting, amounting to 9 Vols., 50 Parts or Nos., 2 Bulletins, 4 Reports, 10 Pamphlets, and 5 Miscellanea, received from 48 Societies, &c., and 3 Individuals, were laid upon the table. 94 AUSTRALIAN FUNGI, NEW OR UNRECORDED. DECADES III.-IV. By D. McAlpine, Corresponding Member. Of the Fungi here recorded 15 ?.re new species and 14 genera are represented. The Orchids, which are generally comparatively- free from fungi, contribute two, one of the genera (Amerosporium) being new to Australia. The imported Capeweed, although so common and widespread, is usually particularly clean, but two new species have been found upon it. The Kangaroo Grass has likewise yielded two which are new. It is interesting to find parasitic fungi upon such native parasitic flowering plants as Cassytha and Lorantlius. The Leaf-curl of the Peach is only too well known in Australia, but the Pear-leaf Blister due to Exoascus hullacus is now recorded for the first time, and care should be taken to prevent its spread. 21. Amerosporium rhodospermum, n.sp. On large discoloured pale patches of still green leaves. Peri- thecia densely gregarious, black, erumpent, ultimately superficial, disciform or sometimes elongated, ruddy brown by transmitted light, membranaceous and composed of poh'gonal cells, astomatous, at first bald, soon surrounded at the margin and scattered all over with stiff hairs, 120-160 /li diam.; bristles dark brown, paler at apex and blunt, cylindrical, slightly swollen at base, curved inwardly at margin, thick-walled, continuous or 1 -septate, 30-35 X 5-7 \x. Sporules very pale pink, crescent-shaped, acute at both ends or occasionally blunt at one end, continuous, 18-21 x 4-4i,x. BY D. McALPINE. 95 Killara, Yic; on living leaves of a flowering specimen of Diuris pedunculata, R.Br.; Oct., 1902. Although this orchid is rather a common one, only a single diseased specimen was found. The lower linear leaves and one of the three upper bract-like leaves were affected. The lower leaves were densely crowded on both surfaces with the black soot- like fungus in patches, while the upper leaf was mainly attacked on the outer surface. The basal leaves ultimately shrivelled up and withered, but the plant otherwise looked as healthy and vigorous as the numerous unaffected specimens growing near. 22. ASCOCHYTA ANTHISTIRI.E, n.Sp. Perithecia black, erumpent, scattered, elongated, lenticular, depressed, dark brown by transmitted light, membranaceous, with central round pore, 150-175 x 105-115 /x. Sporules numerous, bright olive in mass, pale individually, elliptical, 1 -septate, not constricted at septum, rounded at both ends but slightly tapering towards one end, 10-11 x 4-4 J /j. Leongatha, Vic. ; on dry, discoloured, shrivelled portions of living leaves of Anfhistiria ausfralis, associated with Spharella fmthistirice, n.sp., of which it is probably the pycnidial stage; Nov., 1902. This species differs from A. graininicola, Sacc, in the larger perithecia and the elliptical, olivaceous spores. 23. ASCOCHYTA CRYPTOSTEMM.E, n.sp. spots irregular, indefinite, dark-coloured, on upper surface of leaves. Perithecia black, punctiform, erumpent, scattered or loosely gregarious, golden-yellow by transmitted light, dej^ressed- globose, membranaceous, fragile, with apical pore, 140-170 /x diam. Sporules hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, 1- septate, not constricted at septum, 7-10 x 2|-3 /m. Doncaster, Vic; on brown withered leaves of Cryptosteimna calendidaceum, R.Br.; Oct., 1902. It differs from A. microspora, Trail, in the much larger peri- thecia which are not densely gregarious, and the slightly longer 9G AUSTRALIAN FUNGI, sporules which are always straight and never curved. This species occurred on leaves with Sept oiHa peiifoi-auf^, McAlp., which had evidently caused their withering. 24. AscocHYTA JiYACiNTHi, Tassi. Killara, Vic; on languishing leaves of Agapanthus umhellatus, L'Herit.; Oct., 1902. This species evidently agrees with that described and figured by Tassi (Rev. Myc. p. 169, 1896) on Hyacinthiis oripntalis, in Itaty, but the brown perithecia are crowded and very erumpent, not embedded as figured. 25. Cercospora loranthi, n.sp. Tufts minute, black, gregarious, seated upon definite, orbicular, raised dark brown spots, which may be confluent, 1-2 mm. in diam., on both surfaces of leaf. Hyphae straight or slightly flexuous, simple, dark olivaceous, 1- or few septate, 35-40 x 4J-5/x. Conidia straight or curved, pale olivaceous, rounded at both ends, generally with bulbous or slightly swollen base, o-8-septate, here and there constricted at septa, variable in length, 60-105 x 4-4J/x, average 60-80 /m long. Dandenong Creek, Vie; on living leaves of Loranthus pjenduluSy Sieber; Nov., 1902 (C. French, Jr.). The swollen, often confluent, dark brown, raised spots, like pimples on the leaf, are very striking and are crowded with the dark minute tufts, often seemingly merged into one mass. 26. Coryneum acacle, n.sp. Pustules minute, elevating and rupturing epidermis, on greyish centre of dark brown, orbicular, definitely circumscribed spots, with greenish margin, on both surfaces of phyllode, 1-2 mm. diam. Conidia bright olive, cylindrical, rounded at both ends and some- times slightly tapering, often towards attached end, usually 5-6- septate, not constricted at septum, straight, or slightly flexuous and curved, generally 49-52 x 5-6 /x, but may only reach a length of 35 /I, on short, hyaline basidia, 3^-4 yn long. BY D. McALPINE. 97 Australian Alps, Yic. (Walter); on pliyllodes of Acacia peunincrvis, Sieber. : Werribee, Vic. (Robinson); on phyllodesof Acacia pycnantha, Benth. The characteristic spots with the raised and bursting pustules the cylindrical septate conidia which may be bent or flexuous, and the very short basidia distinguish this species. 27. Cylindrosporium eucalypti, n.sp. Spots definite, grey, generally with distinct raised rudd}^ brown margin, usually roundish but may be angular or irregular, isolated or confluent, on both surfaces of leaf, ultimately thin, brittle and cracking, very variable in size, from 2-3 mm. to 1 inch in diam. Pustules amphigenous, but more numerous and crowded on upper surface, at first covered by epidermis, then erumpent, globose, dark-coloured. Conidia golden-yellowish in mass, hyaline indi- vidually, straight or flexuous, but generally crescent-shaped, acute and tapering at both ends, more gradual at outer end, 3-septate, not constricted at septum, guttulate, 50-56 x 3|-4 ^u; basidia very short, hyaline, slender, 8-10 /x long. Dandenong Creek, Vic; on 3''oung green leaves of Eiicalyptms mdliodora, A. Cunn.; Nov., 1902 (C. French, Jr.). This is a very distinct species, with its large and definite grey spots dotted with the numerous dark pustules, and the conidia very constantly 3-septate. When the leaf is moistened the conidia have a tendency to ooze out in dirty 3^ellow masses. 28. DiMERIUM ORBICULATUM, n.sp. Spots numerous, orbicular, sooty black, on upper surface of green leaves, sometimes confluent, 2-3 mm. diam. Mycelium of spots crustaceous, forming a pavement of pale olivaceous, closely adherent and appressed, thin-walled septate filaments, varying in breadth but averaging about 7 /x, surmounted by dark brown, flexuous, labyrinthine, thick-coated septate filaments, about the same thickness but often swollen. Conidia lateral on branches of the brown mycelium, similarly coloured, Puccinia-like and lower 7 98 AUSTRALIAN FUNGI, cell somewhat tapering towards point of attachment, slightly constricted at septum, 15-17 x 8-9 /m, but varying in size. Asci clavate, sessile, rounded at free end, 8-spored, 95-105 x 24-28 fi ; paraphyses hyaline, slender, branching towards apex, about length of ascus. Sporidia distichous and monostichous towards base, olive, slipper-shaped, 1-septate, unequally celled, upper smaller, rounded at apex, of equal thickness throughout, lower larger, slightly bulging at centre and tapering towards free end, 30-35 x 10-11;.. Australian Alps, Yic. (Walter); on living leaves of Grevillea victorice, F.v.M. D. orhiculare (B. & C), Ell. & Ev., on leaves of Ilex, has orbicular crustaceous patches, but they are up to 1 em. diam.; the perithecia are much smaller and amphigenons; and the sporidia are considerably broader. In Saccardo's ' Sylloge Fungorum ' (Yol. xvi.) the genus Dimerosjwriiim is divided into two subgenera, according as the sporidia are hyaline or coloured. There is a general convenience in thus distinguishing genera, and while Dimerosporium, Fckl., will be reserved for those species with colourless sporidia, Dimerinm, Sacc. & Syd., will include those with coloured sporidia. Adopting this classification the seven known Australian species will be arranged as follows : — Dimerosporium ludwigianum, Sacc; D. parvulum, Cooke ; Dimerium secedens, Sacc. ; D. synapheoe, Henn.; D. tasmanicum, Mass.; D. tarrietice, Cooke & Mass.; D. orhiculatum, McAlp. 29. EXOASCUS BULLATUS, Fckl. Killara, Yic; on living leaves of Pear-tree; Oct., 1902. 30. Glceosporium walteri, n.sp. Pustules gregarious, minute, slightly elevated, becoming black, at first covered by epidermis, finally ruptured, up to 200 fx diam., on both surfaces of leaf but mostly on under, discoloured portion with distinct black margin edged with brown. Conidia hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends or somewhat acute, 21-23 x 4^: basidia slender, usually shorter than conidia, about 14-17 /^ long. BY D. McALPINE. 99 Buffalo Mountains, Vic. (Walter); on living leaves of Driniys uromatica, F.v.M. The diseased portion of the leaf is a light grey on the upper surface and a pale fawn on the under, so that it is distinctly marked off from the ordinary green portion. The conidia are guttulate in the early stages, and there is a tendency to segrega- tion of the protoplasm as if there was spurious septation. On treatment with Schulze's solution they are stained yellowish and sometimes a deep brown, with marked separation of the proto- plasmic contents. This species differs from G. magnolice, Passer., in which the conidia are from 8-12 /x long; also from G. haynaldianiLin, Sacc. & Roum., in which they are 12-15 /^ long. I have named this species after Mr. C. Walter, of Melbourne, who found it, and who has contributed a number of other species to the fungus-flora of Australia in the course of his extensive •botanical collecting trips. 31. Helminthosporium gramineum, Rabh. Killara, Yic; on leaves and leaf-sheaths of Barley; Sept., 1902. This fungus has only hitherto been observed in Germany and Sweden. It attacks the lower leaves, causing them to wither and become yellow, although it does not seem to produce great injury otherwise. It does not attack cereals other than Barley. 32. Hendersonia grandispora, n.sp. Perithecia densely gregarious, immersed, black, dark brown by transmitted light, globose, membranaceous, 120-140 /x diam., forming black expanded indeterminate patches, more particularly on upper surface of leaves. Sporules numerous, smoky-browDj cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight but generally slightly curved, 3-5-septate, not constricted at septum, with finely granu- lar contents, 50-60 x 5-6 /x. Wangaratta, Vic; on leaves of young sapling of Eucalyptus sp.; Sept., 1899. 100 AUSTRALIAN FUNGI, It differs from //. eucalypti, Cooke k Hark., in which the peri- thecia are collected in orbicular spots, and the 3-septate sporules are only 20 ^ long, .')3. Phoma romule.e, n.sp. Perithecia minute, black, punctiform, gregarious, erumpent, globose, dark brown by transmitted light, membranaceous, firm, of parenchymatous texture, with distinct mouth, 100-112 /x diam. Sporules hyaline, minute, ellipsoid, i\ x 2-3 /x. Armadale, Yic: on leaves of Bomuha hnlhocodiiim, Sebast.; Aug., 1902. It differs from P. iridic, Cooke, in the perithecia being erum- pent, and the sporules much shorter. This fungus seemed to kill the plant, since the leaves were quite withered except for a small green portion sometimes towards the base, and the plants badly affected had generally lost their hold of the soil. This introduced plant is widely spread around Melbourne, but so far only occasional diseased plants have been met with. 34. Phoma vittadinle, n.sp. Perithecia minute, black, punctiform, erumpent, slightly gregarious, globose, membranaceous, tough, with apical pore, 100-130 |x diam. Spores hyaline, elliptical to oval, minute, 1- guttulate, stained yellowish-green by Schulze's solution, 4-4J ^ long; basidia slender, hyaline, about same length as spore. Malvern, near Melbourne, Vic; on dead or dying branches of Vittadinia australis, Rich.; Sept., 1902. It differs from P. herharnm, West., in the smaller and shorter spores, and in being only 1-guttulate. 35. Septoria bet^j West. Port Fairy, Vic; on leaves of Beta vulgaris, L.; Aug., 1900. 36. Septoria perforans, n.sp. Spots on upper surface, dull greyish-brown, orbicular, sometimes confluent, slightly raised, definitely circumscribed, ultimately BY D. McALPINE. 101 becoming holes, .5-10 mm. in diam. Perithecia minute, black, punctiform, gregarious, slightly eruuipent, globose, membrana- ceous, of parenchymatous texture, with papillate mouth (24 fi), 80-90 fx diam. tSporules generally slightly curved, sometimes straight, hyaline (stained yellowish by >Schulze's solution), 3- septate, acute at both ends, slender, average 28-31 x 2-2 J fi. Doncaster, Vic; on living leaves of Cryptostemma calendu- iaceicm, R.Br. (Capeweed); Oct., 1902. This species differs from ,S'. martinii, Cooke, found in Victoria on Bedfordia saliciua, DC. {== Senecio Bed/ordii, F.v.M.), in the decided greyish-brown spots, and in the 3-septate sporules which are very regularly 28 /x long. The Capeweed known also as "Cape Dandelion," is a native of South Africa, and coming from a climate somewhat similar' to our own, has spread rapidly and extensively. But hitherto no fungus has been recorded on it, either here or in its native home, and now this one has been found associated with Ascochyta cryptostemnuc, McAlp. The specific name has been given on account of the spots affected by the fungus often becoming perforated. 37. Septoria thelymitr.e, n.sp. Spots whitish, surrounded l^y dark margin, roughly oval, on upper surface of leaf, 2-3 mm. long. Perithecia minute, black, punctiform, erumpent, dark brown by transmitted light, depressed- globose, membranaceous, with minute pore, up to 105 fx diam. Sporules hyaline, rod-like, continuous, straight, very occasionally slightly curved, 2-5-guttulate, 14-16 x 1-2 /x. Ringvvood, Vic; on languishing, partially brown leaves of Thelymitra arUfafa, Lindl.; Oct., 1902 (C. French, Jr.). The perithecia and sporules generally agree with those of S. posekensisj Sacc, which was found in Siberia on the languishing leaves of an undetermined orchid; but the spots are olive-green and on both surfaces, while in >S'. orchidearam, West.^the sporules are 18-22 /n long and 6-8-guttulate. 102 AUSTRALIAN FUNGI, 38. Sph^rella antiiistiri^, n.sp. Peritliecia minute, black, punctiform, erumpent, gregarious,, generally running lengthwise in lines, globose, membranaceous, with apical pore, on both surfaces of withered portion of leaf but mainly on upper, 100-120 fx diam. Asci oblong to oblong- cylindrical, slightly swollen, then narrowing at base, sessile, with- out paraphyses, 35-45 x 17-21 /n. Sporidia distichous or conglo- bate, hyaline, elongate-elliptical, and tapering slightly towards lower end, 1-septate, not constricted at septum, 14-15 x 4-4 J /a (stained yellowish-green by Schulze's solution). Brighton (Sept., 1902), Leongatha, Vic. (Nov., 1902) ; on living leaves of Anthistir^ia australis, K.Br. This species differs from S. (jraminicola, Fckl., in which the asci are larger (75 x 12ju) and the sporidia are longer (15-20 x 3.J-4J /Li). Also from S. crus-gcdli, E. ik, K., in which the peritliecia are differentl}^ arranged; the asci are considerably longer and the sporidia, although about the same size, are constricted at the septum. 39. Sph.erella cassyth.e, n.sp. Peritliecia minute, punctiform, scattered, black, dark olivaceous by transmitted light, erumpent, membranaceous, depressed-globose, 70-90 fj. diam. Asci clavate to elongate-clavate, often tapering into a more or less slender stalk, 8-spored, 32-37 x 9-12 fj.. Sporidia biseriate, hyaline, cylindrical, slightly tapering towards one end, 1-septate, not constricted at septum, guttulate, 9 x 3 /x. On filiform stems and branches of Cassytha glahella^ R.Br. This fungus causes blackening and shrivelling of the parts attacked, and is comparatively rare. 40. Urocystis colchici (Schlecht.), Rabenh. Near Melbourne, Vic; on living leaves of Wurmhea dioica^ F.v.M.; Sept., 1902. The plant was in flower when the fungus was obtained and it affected the lower leaves badly, while the upper leaves only showed indications of it. BY D. McALPINE. 103 Note. — In my previous paper (these Proceedings, 1902, p.377), Fhoma passifiorm was recorded as a new species on the fruit of Passijiora edidis. I find that the name is preoccupied; but I\ passiflone, Penz. &l JSacc, occurring on the dry flower-stalks of P. hyhrida, is quite distinct, the sporules only being 7-8 x 3-3J fx. Owing to the size of the spores I, therefore, propose the name of Macrophonia passijiorce, for this species. In my "Descriptions of New Australian Fungi" (these Pro- ceedings, 1896, p. 105), Phoma ste^iospo^^a wa^ recorded onNotelcea longi/olia, but being on spots on the leaf, as shown in the draw- ing, it ought, strictly speaking, to be a Phyllosticta, and therefore it may be named Phyllosticta stenospora. 104 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF WEST AUSTRALIAN PLANTS. By W. V. Fitzgerald, F.S.Sc, Loxd., F.R.H.S., Exg. ( C ommiiuicated by J . II. Maiden, F,L.ii.) EPACRIDE5:. Leucopogox glaucifolius, sp.nov. Erect or spreading, usually under 1 foot high, the branches finely hairy. Leaves alternate, linear, rigid, pungent-pointed, convex, with slightl}^ recurved margins or nearly flat, glabrous or scantily tomentose above, finely striate and glaucous beneath, 4-6 lines long. Peduncles all axillar}'', extremely short, erect or scarcely spreading, mostly 3-flowered and along with the bracts, bt-acteoles and calyxes finely hairy. Pedicels ver}' short. Bracts minute, mucronate. Bracteoles ovate, prominently mucronate, about \ as long as the calyx. Sepals subulate, about \\ lines long. Corolla white, about '1\ lines long, tube slightly ventricose, much shorter than the calyx; segments slightly longer than the tube, revolute with glabrous, acutely pointed tips. Anthers attached above the middle, oblong, rounded at both ends, without sterile tips. Hypogynous disk large, lobes ovate, obtuse, free to the base, J the length of the ovary. Ovary glabrous, usually 5-celled, but often incompletely 6-8-celled. Style rather stout, of moderate length, with a slightly hirsute capitate stigma. Fruit almost globular, flat-topped, about If lines long, with 5 broad bicarinate angles or ribs, epicarp j^ellow, mesocarp slightly pulpy, eudocarp not very hard and rather thin. Loc. — Midland Junction and vicinity; in sandy heathy spots. Flowers and fruit (December, 1902; W. V. Fitzgerald and C. R. P. Andrews). BY W. V. FITZGKKALD. 105 This species differs from L. hre'vicH.^pis, Benth., in foliage, and from that species and L. propiugii'Hs, R.Br., in smaller habit, in the lobes of the hypogynous disk and most essentially in the fruit. Without the fruit it would be readily mistaken for a small form of the latter. LILIACE^. H E N s M A N I A, gen.nov. Flowers hermaphrodite and neuter on the same axis. Perianth shortly persistent, of 6 equal seiQ;ments, united below the middle into a tubular base. Stamens 3, inserted at the base of the inner segments and not protruding beyond them; filaments flattened; anthers linear, bilobed at the apex, more or less connate, opening along the inner face in longitudinal slits. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, on an 'axile placenta. Style filiform, entire, with a minute stigma. Fruit capsular, 3-celled, dehiscing loculi- cidally into 3 valves. Seeds 2 in each cell, uppermost erect, lowest pendulous, funicle thickened into a prominent strophiole; testa crustaceous, shining black. A tufted perennial, with terete leaves and simple bracteate scapes. Flowers in white woolly turbinate heads, the inflorescence surrounded by an involucre of loosely imbricated bracts. Technically the structure of the flower is similar to that of Johnsonia, R.Br., but the. bracteate scapes, the white woolh^ tur- binate heads, and the fact that only the outer flowers develop fruit seem to afl'ord suflicient grounds for establishing this new genus. It may be observed that it is established on perfect flowering specimens of J^erotes furbinafa, Endl. Apparently perfect flowers were not known to that botanist, yet, as he evidently saw the fruit, it is strange that no comments were made on its remarkable structural divergence from that of the true Xerotes. Bentham did not see specimens in flower or fruit. The abortive ovary referred to by that authority evidently belonged to a neuter flower. Although I have numerous examples before me I have failed to find any trace of the spreading stig- matic lobes referred to by him. 106 NEW SPECIES OF WEST AUSTRALIAN PLANTS, H. TURBINATA. Xerotes furbinafa, EndL, PL Preiss. ii. 51; Benth., Fl. Aust. vii 107. Forming tufts 6 inches or more across. Leaves rigid, striate, terete, tapering into an almost pungent point, straight or slightly twisted, 6-12 inches long, the outer ones reduced to numerous sheathing scales with scarious woolly-ciliate margins, when old splitting into numerous filaments. Scapes rather stout, bracteate from above the middle, 1-2 J inches high, with a turbinate or ovoid head of flowers attaining with the bracts a diameter of i-| inch. Bracts loosely imbricated, ultimately forming an involucre round the head, the lowest about 1 inch long, the others varying to I inch, brown, lanceolate-acute, with scarious woolly-ciliate margins. Flowers pale yellow, several within each head, on filiform pedicels of |-| line long, the outer (hermaphrodite) ones subtended by a small scarious bract, the whole surrounded by white wooll}^ hairs almost concealing the flower, the inner (neuter) ebracteate, the subtending hairs numerous. Perianth about 2 lines long, divided J of its length into 6 subulate nerveless segments, the inner broader than the outer ; tube narrow-turbinate. Filaments extremely short. Capsule pale green, smooth or slightly transversely streaked, trigonous-ovate, acute, 2 lines long, readily dehiscent. Seeds ovate, about h line long. Log. — Swan River District; in sandy or heathy spots, flower- ing during December (Drummond, Preiss, and others). AMARYLLIDE.a:. CoxosTYLis Harperiana, sp.nov. Stems short, densely tufted. Leaves not distichous, with short sheathing bases, glabrous, striate, rigid, with entire or finely serrulate margins, IJ lines broad, mostly under a foot in length. Scapes, including the inflorescence, 12-1.5 inches long, slightly tomentose, bearing 2-3 thin lanceolate-acuminate bracts of 1-H inches long. Flowers golden yellow, numerous, in loosely branched bifurcated cymes, with usually a single pedicellate flower or small BY W. V. FITZGERALD. 107 cyme lower down. Pedicels ^ line long, subtended by linear scarious bracts of 4-6 lines long. Perianth infundibuliform, 4-5 lines long, plumose-tomentose outside, almost or quite glabrous within. Segments lanceolate-linear, slightly longer than the free part of tube. Anthers oblong, on equal, extremely short, flattened fila- ments. Placentas shortly stipitate, covered all over with numerous ovules; styles stout, conspicuously hooked at the end. Ripe fruit not seen. Loc. — Near the margin of a lagoon 6-7 miles iS^.E. of Bayswater (W. V. Fitzgerald; November, 1902). This pretty species usually forms tufts of one foot or more across and bears a close relation to C. cymosa, F.v.M., differing in the scapes always longer than the leaves, in scantiness of tomen- tum, and in the proportionersic(e, n.sp. YII. — The Gum-flux of the Peach. When the fruit of the peach-tree is alFected with gum-flux, drops of an almost transparent, colourless and gelatinous gum exude from insect punctures or wounds upon the surface. Speci- mens of peaches diseased in this manner w^ere received from Mr. tf. W. Potts, Principal of the Hawkesbury Agricultural College. Some of the peaches contained the gum under considerable pressure, for upon cutting across the lower ends of the chambers containing the stones, large globules of gelatinous gum immedi- ately protruded. The microscopical examination of stained films of the gum showed the presence of immense numbers of small badly staining (and therefore probably dead) bacteria. In this respect, as well as in the microscopical appearance, the gum from the peach fruit was identical with gum from similarl}-- affected almonds. In con- firmation of the deduction drawn from the microscopical observations it was found that, although many portions of gum and gum-saturated tissue were infected into gelatine and other media, only a few colonies of bacteria were obtained. The few colonies that developed from about a dozen plates were those of Bac. levaniformans and another sporulating bacillus, Bact, jyersiccp, n.sp., which will be described in a future paper. A few yeasts were also obtained, but in view of the undoubted bacterial origin of the gum, as shown at any rate by the microscopical appearance BY R. GREIG SMITH. 129 of stained gyum films, they were considered as having notkin<->- to do with the production of the gum. The presence of dead bacteria in the gum found inside the fruit points to the gum being formed in the stem, and being forced into the rapidly growing fruit, where the bacteria aie killed by the greater acidity of the fruit juices as compared with the stem fluids. If this be the case the bacteria which produce the gum should be found in the vessels of the twigs attached to the fruit. To test the matter fresh specimens of gummed peaches were obtained from Mr. Potts, and from these new cultures were made. The colonies that grew upon plates which had been infected with the twigs to which the fruits were attached consisted chiefly of Bact. acacice. The others consisted of the slime bacillus (Bact. persic(e, n.sp.), Bac. levamformans, and a dematium-yeast which appeared capable of producing slime. From eight portions of gum and fruit pulp of the new specimens of fruit there were obtained an inert bacillus, an inert coccus, an inert sarcina, and many colonies of a small 3^east and the dematium-yeast. In the twigs the yeasts were in the small minority, while in the fruit they predominated. From this investigation it appears that the gum which exudes from punctures and wounds upon peaches, and is found satu- rating the soft tissues, has been formed in the stem and branches. The bacteria which produce the gum are chiefly Bact. acacicE, but other bacteria also contribute, and the chief of these is the slime bacillus, Bact. per sicm, n.sp. Baci/his levani- formans is practically inert, for the gum levan that it produces would be immediately hydrolysed. This organism may, by virtue of its inverting action, play a part in assisting the other bacteria to produce gum, but this is doubtful. The dematium-3'east grows as a tough skin upon saccharose- potato-agar, and possibly consists of cells cemented together or 'embedded in a slime matrix. It will form the subject of a future investigation. But even should it be proved to be capable of producing slime, its practical absence in film preparations of the fruit gum, and the overwhelming majority of bacterial remains, 9 130 BACTERIAL ORIGIN OF GUMS OF ARABIX GROUP, is sufficient to show that the gum is a bacterial and not a yeast product. This is important because the gummosis (? gum-flux) of the plum has been ascribed to a similar dematium-3'east by Massee."^ The investigation showed that (1) the gum that exudes from peaches is formed in the stem and branches; (2) it has a bacterial origin, and (3) it is produced chiefly b}' Bad. acacice. VIII. — The Gum-flux of the Almond. The gum-flux of the almond showedf many points in common with the gum-flux of the peach. 'J'he fresh gum that exuded from punctures and cracks in the fruit was of the same colourless, almost transparent appearance and gelatinous consistency, and when examined microscopical 1}^ the same badly staining short bacterial forms were observed. Moreover, when glucose-sjelatine plates were prepared with media infected with portions of fresh gum and gum-saturated fruit-tissue, bacterial colonies were con- spicuous by their absence; colonies of yeast-like organisms Mere obtained. As in the case of the peach, many bacterial colonies and but few yeast colonies developed upon plates which were prepared with media infected with portions of twigs, the exterior of which had been sterilised by passage through a flame. The bacteria consisted chiefly of Bact. acaciw. The other colonies, which were few in number, included Bac. levaniformans, the gum-levan organism, and the slime-forming bacillus which had been first isolated from the peach and which has been named Bact. persicce, n.sp. The dematium-3"east also obtained from the peach was isolated, but as it constituted about 1 % of the colonies, it pro- bably had little effect in determining the composition or nature of the gum. The investigation showed that (1) the gum-flux of the almond is identical with the gum-flux of the peach; (2) the gum is a * Massee, Kew Bulletin, 1899. t The specimens of aftected fruit were sent by Mr. Fred. Steward, Adelaide. BY K. GREIG SMITH. 131 bacterial j^roduct; and (3) the chief active organism is Bad. acacice. IX. — The Gum-flux of an unknown Stock of the Japanp:se Date-plum. A twig"^ of a seedling tree used as a stock for the Japanese date-plum, and apparently a species of Diospyros, showed small tears of an amber-coloured gum exuding from wounds upon tlie surface. Two gum-producing bacteria were isolated by means of plate culture from the woody tissue. One of these was Bac. levani- formmis^ the other was Bad. acacice, which was undoubtedly responsible for the production of the exudation. * The specimen was sent by Mr. H. W. Potts, Principal of the Hawkes- bury Agricultural College. 132 NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN RHOPALOCERA : L YC.EXID.E. Part III.- -Revisional. By G. a. Wateiihouse, B.Sc, B.E., F.E.S. (Plates ii.-iii.) This Part contains the descriptive portion of the remainder of this famil}^; it also deals fully M'ith the nomenclature, which I found in a state of great confusion. In ever}^ case I have stated nay reasons for a change in either the generic or specific name. I must here tender my thanks to Messrs. R. E. Turner, G. Lyell, R. Illidire, and Dr. A. J. Turner, who have placed their collections at my disposal and have given me examples of many rare species. Without the advice and extensive collection recentl}^ made by Mr. Pv. E. Turner, who re-discovered several rare species, this paper would not have been nearly so complete. Messrs. O. Lower, J. F. Haase, W. W. Froggatt, F. Brosvn, H. Tr3-on, and J. A. Kershaw have also aided me with the loan or gift of specimens; and I have been given ample opportunity of examining the col- lections in the Macleay, Queensland, and Australian Museums, receiving many valuable notes from our veteran entomologist, Mr. G. Masters. In dealing with measurements, I have given the lengths of the costa of fore wing from base to apex, taken from my own cabinet collection of fifteen hundred specimens, and seven hundred speci- mens in the collection of Mr. G. Lyell, so that with few exceptions the figures may be regarded as exceptionally accurate. To each species is appended the number of specimens (not necessarih' all in my own collection) upon which I have based m}^ remarks. In future Parts I hope to present many unrecorded notes on life- histories, to deal with the question of geographical and bathy- metrical distribution, and to give some notes on the localities BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 13^ visited by earlier collectors and the present location of their types. I have availed myself very extensively of the writings of Messrs. L. de JSTiceville and PI. H. Druce ; indeed, the bulk of the generic alterations I have made in this paper, are taken from letters received by Mr. R. E. Turner and myself from the former gentleman, who, had he lived, would have undertaken the revision of the Australian Rhopalocera, based on the extensive material sent him by Mr. Turner and myself. With reference to the limits for which I propose to use the term Australian, I have adopted the present political boundaries of the Australian States. This presents no difficulty, except with regard to the islands in Torres Straits, where the political bound- ary of Queensland extendi to within a few miles of the New Guinea coast. But though the northern islands possess a fauna allied to that of New Guinea rather than to that of Australia, it is impossible to draw any but the political line, unless we exclude Torres Straits entirely, which would l)e unwise, as the group around Thursday Island belongs exclusively to Australia. There is no deep sea strait between Australia and New Guinea, and Profs. Haddon, Sollas and Cole"^ have shown that geologi- cally these islands belong to Australia. For my present purpose, however, this question does not apply to any great extent, for, exclusive of Thursday Island, the only collection from Torres Straits is that from Darnley Island in the Maclea}^ Museum, and that is included in the present Part. I have purposely refrained from describing any new genera, though I have indicated one or two cases in which such are prob- ably necessary. This is a work that can better be undertaken by competent entomologists outside Australia, who have access to general collections, rather than by one working on a restricted area, for most of our genera are identical with Indian forms, and some with African. The question of the description and determination of Australian species can best be solved in Aus- * Trans. Irish Acad. xxx. Pt. xi. 1894. 134 AVSTRAl.IAii JUIOPALOCERA: LVC.HX J D.E, III., tralia, where the collections are better and larger than elsewhere. For the purposes of this paper I have examined ten lar^^e collec- tions of Lycsenidse, aggregating about four thousand specimens, and in addition I have seen the rarer species from three other collections amounting to over another thousand. An undertaking that would be of great benetit to Australian entomologists would be the redescription and figuring of many of the older species, the types of which are in London, such as the Fabrician species from the Collection of Sir Joseph Banks : and Hewitson's species, many of which are imperfectly described and figured, and supplied with very vague localities. Family LYC^XID^. '^Forelegs slender and evidently smaller than the rest, but nearly alike in the sexes, used for walking, scaly; tarsus of the male long, exarticulate; that of the female jointed like in the hindlegs, Foreivhig with the subcostal nervure emitting two, three, or rarely four branches; the discoidal cell generally narrow owing to the distance between the costal and subcostal nervures; upper discocellular nervule wanting. All but one or two of small size. Hindwing scarcely channelled to receive the abdomen, often with one or more slender tails; prsecostal nervure apparently wanting. Body rather slender except in Liphyra; antenna? short, often ringed with white, with an elongate distinct club; palpi usually elongate, terminal joint slender, horizontal, and nearly naked " (de Niceville). In addition to the above-mentioned sexual differences, the males often have differently placed scales or long hairs, such as the large almost circular patch on the forewing of H. phorbas, and the long black hairs on inner margin of the underside of forewing in E. simso7ii. Where any difference in the size of the palpi occurs, those of the female are the longer. The larvae are onisciform, mostly night feeders, and in a great number of cases are attended by ants. The pupa is attached by the tail with a girdle round the middle, and is found under pieces BY G. A. WATERHOUSK. 135 of bai-k, ill ci'cicks, under stones, or even just under the surface of the soil. I hope in a future Part to deal fully with the ova, larva3 and pupje of this family, respecting which I have many notes. The only previous attempt to deal with the AustralianZ^/cfcmc/ft; is included in Mr. W. H. Miskin's " Synonymical Catalogue of the Rhopalocera of Australia.""^ This work supplied a longfelt want, and must be used as a starting point for any revision of the Australian butterflies; and I am much indebted for the valuable synonymy contained in it. As Mr. Miskin clearly fore- saw, a great many of the names have to be sunk. This I am fortunately able to do, for with a far greater number of specimens representing a larger number of species available for study, and an acquaintance with literature that he had not seen, I am enabled to recognise 114 species of AuntrsiUsin Lyamiche. Of these 94 are in my own collection, and with six others from the Macleay Museum areexhibited to-night; of eight additional species I have seen specimens, and five others are known to me from figures, leaving only one, M. euclides, unaccounted for. Zerites thyra and Lijcaena hypoleuca I do not regard as Australian. Miskin gives a list of 117 different names, 23 of which are marked as representing species unknown to him, so that he was only able to recognise 94 species, two or three of which I believe to be doubtfully distinct. On a careful examination of his list, I find 97 distinct species included (excepting Z. thyra and L. hypoleiica) to which I have added 14 new species described since 1891, two new records, while one of his synonyms has been raised to specific rank. The genern he uses I do not at all agree w^ith,. as they are not in accord with those used for the Indo-Malayan Region, whence so many of our species have been derived; nor does he use them in the same sense as the authors he quotes for them. For example, Miskin quotes de Niceville for Lycaena^ Fabr., listing eighteen species, not a single one of which would be placed in that genus by de Kiceville. Again, Moore, Distant, and de ■" Annals of the Queensland Museum, No. i., 1891. 136 AUSTRALIAN liHOPA LOCK R A : L VC.'EXID.E III. , Niceville are quoted as authorities for Deudorir, Hew., yet all tliese authors would place two of the four species mentioned under that genus b}' Miskin in Rapala. This will show that the genera as well as the species are sadly in need of revision. I do not think Miskin possessed a large extra- Australian collec- tion, which will account for his want of appreciation of generic differences. His descriptions of species are invariabl}^ good, though he has neglected comparative work; for instance, he describes three species as allied to Hypochrysops iyniia, but does not indicate what form of that very variable species he refers to. This, however, is a small matter compared with the bad descriptions and ver}' misleading figures of certain other Australian authors; three writers in particular have described nineteen Li/ccenidct as new, only one of which has claims to specitic rank. The sj^stem of classification I have used is based on the excellent table of the late Mr. de Niceville, but an}' system can only be held to apply directly to the limited area under considera- tion, so that I have found it necessary to depart somewhat from his table. The first separation that occurs is the placing on one side of the genus Liphi/ra, which only just finds its true place among the Lycctnidcti. I find that in Australian forms the presence or absence of an anal lobe is a good character. KEY TO AUSTRALIAN GENEEA OF LYC.ENID.E. •I. Forewing never with four subcostal nervules in $ . A. Hindwin" without anal lobe. A. Upperside in both sexes black, or black and %Yhite. «!. Forewing with first subcostal anastomosed with costal for a very short distance and running free to costa Eiqisycltellus. />!. Forewing with first subcostal far from costal ; costa arched Neo2)it]t ecoj)^:. C-. Forewing with first subcostal free from costal; costa straight Mefiisha. L. Upperside of J blue and white, of $ black and white, a^. Forewing with first subcostal free from costa Cyanirh. BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 137 6^. Forewing with first subcostal anastomosed with costal and then running free to costa Daim. c^. Forewing with first subcostal connected with costal by a short spur Lavqnde^. c. Upperside of cT blue, purple, or brown; of $ usually blue, sometimes a white patch on forewing. a^ . Forewing with first subcostal entirely free from costal. a-. Underside with brilliant markings, usually scarlet, sometimes greenish Miletua. h'-. Hindwing tailless, underside white or brown, with dark markings CdndaUdes. c - . Underside white with few markings Fldlirh. d". Hindwing with three blunt tails Pseudodipms. e'^. Hindwing with three highly ciliated tails Lycaenesthes, p. Hindwing with one filamentous tail Polyommatns. g'-. Upperside in both sexes coppery Lvcia. h^. Forewing with first subcostal very near to or touching costal, but not anai:tomosed with it. a^. Hindwing with one filamentous tail. a'^. Underside with few markings Catochrysops, b'^. Underside with a complicated system of brown and white splashes Turiiciis, h'-. Hindwing tailless. a^. Hindwing with four black spots on outer margin below Clillades. h^. Underside with catenulated markings, never more than two black spots at anal angle below Zizera. c^. Forewing with first subcostal connected with costal by a very short spur Jamides. d^. Forewing with first subcostal anastomosed with costal for a variable distance and running free to costa; usually a single tail. a'-. Hindwing below base with black spots Everes. h~. Hindwing below base without black spots, both wings with catenulated bands, tailed and tailless Nacaduha. e'^. Forewing with first subcostal completely anasto- mosed with costal, except short free basal portion. a-. Hindwing somewhat dentate; of small size... Vua. h'^. Hindwing with a single tail Vtka. 138 AUSTRALIAN lUIOl'A LOC HllA -. lA'C.EM 1).K, III., B. Hindwing witli a iiulimentaiy anal lobe. A. Sexes very dissimilar, ^ i^urple or silvery-blue, $ usually with pale patch on forewing (xji/ri-s. B. Sexes very similar, purple or blue, hindwing with a stout tail A rhopala. C. Hindwing with anal lobe. A. Hindwing usually with a long tail to lirst median. a^. (^ with three or four subcostals, $ with three; spots in cells on underside lalmenus. 61. Both sexes with three subcostals, no spots in cells on underside Pscnddlmcnu-s. r.. Hindwing with two equal filamentous tails, forewing with two subcostals. a^. Both sexes black and white Pseudonotis. 6^. c? with circular black patch on forewing IlypolijcAiena. c. Hindwing with one tail and well developed anal lobe, three subcostals in both sexes. a^. (^ with no secondary sexual characters Dcudorix. />!. ^ with secondary sexual characters on both wings llapala. c^. ^ with secondary sexual characters, tail nearly 1 inch in length , Hindaharo. II. Forewing with four subcostals in both sexes Lipliyra. But for the presence of two tailless species of Nacadvba, the classification might be much simplified by adopting a tailed and tailless section among the group having no anal lobe. EupSYCHELLUs, Rijber. Tijdschr. v. Ent. xxxiv. p. 31G; Exot. Schmett. Theil ii. p. 273, 1892. This genus stands midway between Pilhecojjs (first subcostal and costal completely anastomosed) and Neojnthecops (these nervules quite separate) in that the first subcostal only touches the costal for a very sliort distance and then runs free to the costa. Tj^pe, E. dionsuifi, Boisrl. BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 139 EUPSYCHELLUS DiONisius, Boisduval (Plate ii., fig. 1). Voy. Astr., Lep. p. 82, 1832: FifJiecopa dloniHus, Driiee, P.Z.8. 1891, p. 358, pi. xxxi. fig. 1. IG mm. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreioing with costal margin brown, apex broadly brown, outer margin brown decreasing in width to angle, basal fourth brown, rest of wing pure white; this white area almost circular, occupying -^ cell, extending above it and also reaching inner margin Ilindwing brown, with a white almost circular apical area, which beginning at about the middle of costa extends downwards just into the end of cell and then round towards apex. U n d e r s i d e. — Foreiving white, with much more restricted l)rown margins. Costa only narrowly brown, apex and outer margin less broad than on upperside ; brown outer margin marked with a faint series of dots between the nervules, inside of which is another series of larger white dots. A black spot in middle of cell towards costa, a second above the cell and below subcostal nervule, and three irregularly between nervules at about J length of costa; these three extend at intervals along- inner edge of outer marginal band. Hhidwing white, with a brown narrow outer margin extending from near middle of inner margin nearly to apex; a fine marginal white line interrupted by the nervules, above which is another series of white dashes on the brown outer margin as on outer margin of forewing; towards anal area and above brown outer marginal band, three brown dashes running parallel to outer margin. The most striking feature of the underside is a very large black spot situated between costal and subcostal nervures, just above the end of cell. (In the allied smaller species X. zalmora, Butl., this black spot is situated at the apex). The specimen {^ ?) from which this description is taken is in the Macleay Museum from Daridey Island and is the only Aus- tralian specimen I know of. Having been caught many vears ago, the colour has probably faded, and freshly caught specimens would in all likelihood be black and white. 140 AUSTRALIAN RUOPALOCKRA : LYCr^MD^E, III., This species is allied to the smaller form K. zalmora, also recorded from Darnley Island, but differs from that species in neuration and in the position of the large black spot on underside of hindwing. This constitutes a new record for both genus aud species for Australia. Neopithecops, Distant. Rhop. Malay, p. 209, 1884: de Niceville, Butt. Ind. iii. p. 51, 1890 : Parapithecojys, Moore, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, liii. pt. 2, p. 20, 1884. ^'Forewlng small, very broad, elliptical; [costa] much arched from the base, exterior margin convex, posterior margin of equal length with the anterior; costal nervure extending to less than half length of margin; subcostal nervules very short, first sub- costal emitted at one-half before end of discoidal cell, second at one-third before its end, third at one-sixth before its end, dis- coidal cell long, broad. Hindvnng small, ver}- broad, oval; exterior margin very convex. Bod^/ slender; palpi porrect, slender, clothed with short lax scales; legs slender; antenrtce with a well-formed lengthened spatular club." "This is a very remarkable little genus, which has a strong superficial likeness to Pithecops, Horsf., and moreover similar habits and flight in the perfect state. It has the costa of the forewing more strongly arched than in any other genus of this group, thus permitting of the wide separation of the costal nervure and the first and second subcostal nervules. The males have no secondary sexual charactei-s " (de Niceville, loc. cif.). The type is JV. zahnora, Butl., and the genus probably contains a single very variable species. Neopithecops zalmora, Butler (Plate ii., fig. 2). Plthecops zalmora, Butl., Cat. Fabr. Lep. B.M. p. 161, 18G9 : iV. zalmora, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 53, 1890: Pith, dharmay Moore, Lep. Cey. i. p. 72, 1881: Parapithecops gaura, Moore, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, liii. pt. 2, p. 20, 1884 : N. horsfieldi, Dist., Rhop. Malay, p. 210, 1884. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE, 141 (J. 11 mm. Up per side. — Foreivimj brown, with a white central elliptical area occupying a portion of cell, but not extend- ing to base or inner margin. Iluidwhig wholly brown. Cilia white. Underside. — Forewitig white, with a brown apical area, and a decreasing brown outer margin marked by two parallel series of white lines (one marginal) interrupted by the nervules. Cilia brown. Illndwing v/hite with a marginal series of brown spots encircled with white; a large black oval spot present between costal nervure and subcostal nervule at apex. ^.13 mm. U p p e r s i d e. — ForeA.ving with central white area smaller than in ^. Hindwing with indications of a white marginal line. Underside. — i^o?'6i(;m^ with brown outer margin broader, and the two white series of lines dividing up the brown margin into a series of spots; a further series of brown spots some little distance from the brown outer margin. Hindicing as in (J, but with the addition of another series of submarginal brown lines. The above descriptions are taken from what I believe to be the only two known Australian specimens, in the Macleay Museum, from Darnley Island; and these were caught a number of years ago. The colour of the upperside in freshly caught specimens will probably be black. De Niceville considers that the four described forms belong to one species. They vary from the wet-season form (A', horsfiddi, Dist.), which has no white on the upperside, to the dry- season form (iV, gaura, Moore), which has large white areas on upper- side in both wings. Intermediate between these two forms come typical N, zalmora, Butl., and N. dharma, Moore. Almost the s^>me variation as this is shown in the somewhat allied species Megisha mcdaya, Horsf.; but in Australia it is the whitest form of that species that is present, while in N. zaiwora it is one of the darkest forms that we have, though it is quite possible that, w^hen more specimens of these two species are obtained and at different times of the year, it will be found that they exhibit as much variation as they do in India and the Malay 142 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCKllA : LYC.KSID.K, III., Peninsula; and a further searcli will no doubt bring to light some form of P. lujJax on Darnley Island. Megisua, Moore (Plate iii., fig. 28). Lep. Cey. i. p. 71, 18S1; de Niceville, Butt. Ind. iii. p. 60, 1890: Pathalla^ Moore, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, liii. pt. 2, p. 21, 1884. " In Megisha the costal nervure terminates about opposite to apex of cell; first subcostal nervure is bent upwards not far from its base towards costal nervure, the costal nervure having the appearance of being bent down to meet it, but the two veins are free, though they approach towards each other ver}^ closely in the male, not quite so closely in the female" (de Niceville, /.c). This genus, the type of which is M. malaya, Horsf., is dis- tributed through India, Ceylon, Burma, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and X. Queensland; and probably contains a single verj^ variable species of which both tailed and tailless forms occur. In India five forms have been descrilDed, all of which have been placed by de Niceville under the type species. Megisba nigra, Miskin (Plate ii., figs. 3-4). Lycaena nigra^ (9) Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, 36: J/, nigra, {$) Waterh., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 331. (J. 9-10 mm. (average 10). XJ p p e r s i d e. — Forevnng black, with a white central area extending from median nervure to inner margin. Cilia brownish-black. Ilindicing black, with a larger white-centred area extending often from just below cell to costa, leaving base and apical area black. Cilia brownish-black. In no Australian specimen that I have seen, has a tail been present. U n d e r s i d e. — Forewing silvery-white, a pale brownish costal margin with four (sometimes five) almost black equi- distant spots very close to costa about middle; apex pale brown, outer margin marked by a faint white line external to which are greyish cilia and internal to which is a pale brownish-grey margin, through which runs a white lunular band; somewhat internal to BY G. A. WATEKHOUSE. 143 this is an irregulai- band of elongated brownish spots; end of cell faintly marked with pale brown. Hindwiny silvery-white, three black subbasal spots, the middle one of them in cell; a round larger apical spot, a small one on inner margin about middle; outer margin as in forewing but a little wider; white lunules and marginal line almost breaking up the brownish-grey margin into a series of spots, that just at anal angle being darker and more conspicuous, spot between 1st and 2nd median nervules better defined than others. Cilia greyish. 9. 10-12 mm. (11). Up per side differs from ^ in the more convex costa and outer margins, rounded apex to forewing, and the very circular outer margin of hindwing. In some speci- mens the white areas are somewhat larger than those of (^, and in very fresh specimens the cilia of hindwing are seen to be slightly spotted. Underside as in (J, but markings better defined and cilia decidedly spotted and lighter. Log. — Cardwell, Cairns, Q. {$ 3, 9 2). I am still inclined to regard this as only the Australian form of M. malaya, from which it differs onl}^ in the relative proportions of black and white on the upperside, and in the intensity of the markings below. Cyaniris, Dalman (Plate iii., fig. 1). Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. xxxvii. pp. 63, 94, 1816; Moore, Lep. Cey. i. p. 74, 1881; de Niceville, Butt. Ind. iii. p. 92, 1890: LyccBuopsis, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 257, 1865. ^'- Foi'etuing elongated, triangular; costa very nearly straight; outer margin oblique and convex; costal nervure extending to half length of costa; first subcostal nervule free from costal nervure ; third subcostal nervule emitted at about half way between apex and end of cell; subcostal nervure ending at apex. Rindimng oval, without a tail, anal lobe or any anal pro- longation. . . . Type, C. argiolus, Linn., the ' Holly-blue of England.'" 14^4 AUSTRALIAN IHIOPA LOCERA : LVC.KX ID.E, III., This genus, as regards neuration, is very nearly allied to Lycceoia, Fabr., a genus that is not at present represented in Australia, though many writers have used that name when describing Australian species of Lyccnnidce. The genus Ci/aniris has a facies that distinguishes it imme- diately from any allied genus, the type of the genus M'ell illus- trating this facies, which is most marked on the underside, the spots hardly ever becoming ocellular; while in Ltjccena they are composed of a dark centre and an outer pale portion. The genus occurs chiefly in the Neartic, Pal:«artic and Oriental regions, and in Australia so far contains the solitary species described below. Cyaniris texella, Miskin (Plate ii., fig. 11). Lyccena tenella (9), :Misk., Syn. Cat. rlhop. Aust. p. 63, 1S91. (J . 12-14 mm . ( 1 4 ) . U p p e r s i d e. — Fo rewmg ' silvery-bl ue with a black outer margin and an almost central suboval white spot; costal margin broadly black at base, then a black linear margin to apex, where the broad black outer margin begins and extends to angle; a suboval white spot principally below cell (only a small lower portion of cell being white) and just reaching inner margin; rest of wing, surrounding the white spot except on its lower margin, pale silvery-blue. Cilia white. Hindwing white, with a black marginal line internal to which is a submarginal series of black spots surrounded with white between the nervules; internal to these spots is a continuous blackish suffusion from near apex to angle; fibdominal fold white, internal to which is a suffusion of pale silvery -blue scales; base of wing brown suffused with blue scales, which are sparsely scattered over the submar- ginal black suffusion. Cilia white, terminations of nervules black. XT n d e r s i d e. — Forewing silkj'-white, with brown spots as follows, one faint in upper angle at end of cell, another larger between subcostal nervure and upper discoidal nervule, beyond this a band of brown spots running from below upper discoidal nervule to near angle parallel to outer margin, which is marked BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 145 with a faint brown line, internal to which is a series of brown dots. Cilia white. Hindtving silky-white, with brown spots; a subbasal series of four spots, first between subcostal and costal nervures, second in middle of cellj third just below cell and nearer base than others, fourth near abdominal margin, a very conspicuous darker brown spot near costa at about middle, below which maij l)e another spot smaller and paler, end of cell marked with a very faint brown line; beyond cell a crooked row of five spots from subcostal to median nervure, the second of which is larger and has its longer axis placed at right angles to the direc- tion of the row; outer margin marked Avith a brown line internal to which is a series of brown spots between the nervules, above which again is a series of faint arches. Cilia white. 9. 13-14 mm. (14). Antennse, thorax and abdomen as in (J; palpi longer than in (J; forewing with costa slightly more arched, apex blunter, outer margin more convex. Upper side. — Forewing white, with black costal and outer margins; central white suboval area larger than in (^, otherwise the silvery-blue area of $ is replaced by black in 9; base black, internal to which is a bluish suffusion, which faintly extends over a portion of white area. Cilia black, towards angle white. Hindwing as in (J, but with slightly less blue. Underside exactly as in ^ and showing the same variation. Miskin described the female only, and from a not too fresh specimen. A female of this species was submitted to the late Mr. L. de Niceville, who thought his C, ceyx^' from Java might be identical with it. I have examined both his descriptions and figures (I think he figures 2 ^J's and not (J 9), and am of opinion that though closely allied they are two distinct species. H. H. Druce has described a species, C . dilectissima,\ from Kina Balu, Borneo, wdiich is allied to, if not identical with, the species under consideration, but I have not seen a specimen. Joui-n. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vii. p. 328, pi. H, figs. 6 and 7, 1892. + P.Z.S. 1892, p. 571. 10 146 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYC.EyjD.K, III., This beautiful little, rare and somewhat variable species is only recorded from the Cairns District, but no doubt it will in time be found to have a much more extended range. Type specimen (9) in Queensland Museum {$ 2, 9 3). Danis, Fabricius. 111. Mag. vi. p. 286, 1807; Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 497, 1852: Damis, Boisd., Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 67, 1832: Thysonotis, Hiibn., Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 20, 1816; Druce & Baker, P.Z.S. 1893, pp. 536-553; Druce, P.Z.S. 1895, p. 585 (note). The insects that are placed in this genus have a distinct facies that separates them from their allies. The males are of some shade of blue on the upperside, very often with white central areas; the females are black, with white central areas. On the underside of both sexes the marc'ins and bases are black, but marked with blue scales, while the central areas are white; the outer margin of hindwinghas a series of black oval spots surrounded by shades of blue. The neuration may be described as follows — subcostal nervtire w^th three branches ; first anastomosing with costal nervure and then running free to costa; second given off at or some distance beyond the point of emission of the first; third given off rather nearer apex than end of cell, while the subcostal nervure ends at or above the apex. A tail is present in one group at the extremity of first median nervule. In Druce and Baker's Monograph they discard the name Danis, as they say the use of that name would aficct the name of the type of the genus (Danis danis, Cram.); but as that appears to be their only reason, it is certainly one that I cannot agree with. It should be noted (as p9inted out by Mr. Druce in 1895) that the figure of the neuration in their Monograph is faulty, the first subcostal being omitted at its proximal end, and the costal nervure at its distal end. Druce and Baker go very fully into the history of this genus in their Monograph. t BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 147 The Australian species may be recognised by the following table : — A. Upperside in both sexes with a white patch on both wingg; cilia dark, spotted with white. a. White area on forewing in ^ small; no metallic scales on upperside in $ apoUonius. h. White area on forewing in ^ large; metallic scales on both wings on upperside in $ sempis. c. Of large size; colour grey-blue and no metallic sheen on upperside syrius. B. No white area' on forewing in J^ ; white areas on both wings in $ ; of small size. a. Cilia unspotted , taygetus. b. Cilia spotted macleayi. >C. Very small (if any) white area on forewing in J- ; white areas on both wings in $ ; of moderate size; a single tail to the hindwing in both sexes arinia. On the underside the separation into three sections may be made as follows : — A. danis section with black costal and outer margins of forewing continuous, a subcostal metallic band. B. taygetus section with black costal and outer margins nearly divided by white subapical projection, a subcostal metallic band. C. cyanea section with black costal and outer margins continuous, no sub- costal metallic band. Danis apollonius, Felder (Plate ii., fig. 8). Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 265, t. 33, f.3, 1865: Thysonotls apollonius, Druce, P.Z.S. 1893, pi. xlv. figs. 5, 6 : D. danis, Senip., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 154, 1878 (nee Cram.): D. sebce, Misk., Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 49, 1891 (nee Boisd.). (J. 22 mm. Forewing with costa very uniformly arched, apex fairly acute, outer margin nearly straight, inner margin straight. Hindtuing with costa arched, particularly at base, outer margin rounded, without a tail or any anal prolongation. U p p e r s i d e. — Fo7'ewing blue, with black costa and outer margin and a white disc, rest of wing pale blue. Black costal margin extending to costal nervure and along apex and then more broadly along outer margin to angle; the white area wholly 148 AUSTRALIAN JlllOrALOCKRA : LYC .ES I D.K, III., external to and below cell, extending from third median nervule sometimes up to inner margin and situated centrally, in width about ^ widtli of wing, ovoid in shape, with ill-defined borders; rest of wing pale blue, dull when viewed directly, but when viewed obliquel}-- has a metallic sheen; nervules marked with black, base of wing covered with metallic green scales. Cilia black with a faint edging of white, llindwing with outer half black, covered with dull blue scales, more particularly towards apical area; apical and anal portions of this black band without blue scales, base of wing bluish covered with a few metallic scales, extending about \ into cell; rest of wing a broad white very well defined band extending from inner to costal margin and not con- tinuous with white of forewing. Cilia black, spotted with white. Area between first median nervule and submedian nervure covered with long white hairs. Underside. — Forewing \v\\X\ broad black costal and outer margins, with a metallic band running through its middle, rest of wing white; the black margin begins from base, occupies the whole of cell, and on costal portion does not extend below lower discoidal nervule and then broadly along outer margin to angle; the metallic blue band runs along middle of this black band, beginning at base, occupying part of cell, bent round at apex where it is widest and extending sometimes as far as first median nervule, but may end before this; nervules where they cross metallic band black, anal portion of black band duller than remainder; white area occupying nearly \ area of wing. Cilia black, faintly spotted with white. Hindwing with outer half black, of same width as on upperside, the major portion of which is occupied by a series of metallic blue blocks, leaving a black outer margin and a wider black inner edge; metallic blocks, each of which contains a large ovoid black spot, separated from one another b}'' black nervules; white of same size as on upperside, base black, with a large costal splash of metallic blue. Cilia spotted with white. 5. 20 mm. Upperside. — Forewing black inclining to brown, with white central area, occupying J width of wing, not BY G. A. WATKRIIOUSE. 149 reacliiiig cell, bub extending from slightly be^^ond lower discoidal nervule to inner margin, better defined and of larger extent than that of (J, and in parts sometimes sprinkled with brown scales. Cilia spotted. I can find not the slightest trace of metallic scales. Ilindwing black and white, base black, broad black outei- margin extending up to about end of cell; rest of wing white. Cilia between terminations of nervules white. Underside as in ^J except that the white areas are slightly purer in colour and the outer margins rather broader. As in (J, the metallic scales of underside of forewing vary somewhat in extent on outer margin; white of cilia more developed than in $. 7:0c.— Cape York (Macleay Mus.; $ '2, <^ 2). This species is nearest to D. danis, Cram. (D. sebce, Boisd., of many writers), but in that species the female has metallic scales on the upperside. Druce and Baker in their Monograph refer the Australian species to D. danis, but then they had only males for examination. They remark, however, that the females would probably be without metallic scales on the upper side (as is the case) and that then the Australian species would agree with the New Guinea form which is D. apollonius. The nearest Australian ally of this species is the somewhat smaller D. serapis; on the upperside both sexes are sufficiently distinct; on the underside the metallic scales in D. serapis are green, and in D. ajyoUonius greenish-blue. Danis syrius, Miskin. Proc. Linn. Soc. K S. Wales, 1890, p. 34. I have lately seen the types in the Queensland Museum, which are, I believe, the only two specimens known. They are very closely allied to D. apollonius; in fact they may only be a variet}' of that species. The specimens dijffer in that they are very much larger, and are of a more dingy colour, wanting the metallic sheen. The male is somewhat like a very old specimen of D. ajiollonius in my own collection. Loc. — Cape York. 150 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPALOCEIlA : LYCEMDJl, III., Danis SEKAPI8, Miskin (Plate iii., fig. 20). Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 49, l.sOl: Thysonotis serapis, Druce & Baker, P.Z.S. 1893, p. 539, pi. xlv. f. 1, 2. (J. 13-23 mm. (21); 9. 16-23 mm. (21). Druce gives excellent figures of this species; and Miskin's description is full. Xoc — Cairns, Cardwell {$ 20, 9 20). This species is easily recognised, the female having metallic scales on the upperside of both wings. It is allied to the preceding but is smaller. Danis taygetus, Felder (Plate iii., fig. 25). Lye. taygetus, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 266, t. 33, f. 19-21, 1865; B. taygetus, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 155, 1878; D. salamandri, Mac!., Proc. Ent. Soc. N.S. AVales, i. p. liv., 1866. (J. 13-17 mm. (16). U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing uniform shining purplish-blue, with a very narrow black costal margin and a much broader black outer margin, nervules just before entering black margin defined in black. Cilia black, often tipped with white towards apex. Hinchving with outer margin black, of same width as forewing, nervules entering it black. Abdominal fold white, base purplish-blue, a broad white band with irregular edges from costa, where it is widest, right across wing; remainder of wing uniform shining purplish-blue. Cilia black. Underside. — Foreioing with outer margin black, broad at apex, decreasing in size to second median nervule where it some- times suddenly becomes wide, continuing so to angle; this band often contains a faint submarginal white line. Costal margin evenly black, just internal to which is a band of metallic green scales, beginning from Ijase, occup3'ing upper half of cell and extending a little more than J along vving; below this a band of black, occup3ang remaining portion of base, then decreasing in width (not filling whole of remaining part of cell) as it runs along the metallic band and joining black outer margin only by the narrow black costal strip. Rest of wing white, widest at inner BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 151 margin, entering into lower corner of cell and with a narrow sub- apical projection from lower discoidal nervule to subcostal nervure. Cilia black. Hindwing with a broad basal splash of metallic green, bordered with black, which forms a continuation of the lower black band of forewing; followed by a cream band, widest at costa and very narrow at inner margin, inner edge of marginal black beginning from apex and running nearly straight to middle of inner margin; in this black outer margin are a series of large subquadrate metallic green spots each with a large ovoid black spot; these are interneural, extending from angle to subcostal nervure, above which is often a patch of green scales; outer margin black, internal to which is a more or less distinct white line interrupted by black nervules. Cilia black. Var. — The whole hindwing on upperside, except black outer margin and an elongated white streak above subcostal nervule from apex to just beyond middle of costa, uniform shining purplish-blue. The male is very variable; on forewing the white edging to cilia in apical region is sometimes very marked, and sometimes absent; in hindwino- the black outer marofin varies in width. The white of hindwing varies from that of the variety described to the typical form, every intermediate stage being observed. On the underside the white submarginal line and the inner edge of black margin of forewing vary; in the hindwing the shape of the green spots and the enclosed black spots is variable; also, in continuation of the metallic green series, green scales may or may not be present above the subcostal nervure. ^. 14-17 mm. (16). U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing black and white, with base covered with metallic green scales which occupy nearly h cell; costal margin basally green, then narrowl}^ black, broaden- ing out about middle of cell and extending half-way into cell and continuing of about uniform width to apex and to angle; rest of wing white. Cilia black. Hindwing white, with a very broad black outer margin, its inner edge running from apex irregularl}^ to anal angle. On the inner anal area of this band is a large patch of metallic green scales, base also coloured with metallic green. Abdominal fold white. Cilia black. 152 AUSTRALIAN lUlOPA IJ)C EllA : LYCKM D.K, III., Underside as in ^ l^ut the light area of hindwing cream rather than white. The 9 is also \ ariai^le; on the npperside the metallic scales are often blue rather than green, and often a sprink- ling of these scales is present on the inner edge of the black outer margin of forewing. On the hindwing the metallic patch near the anal angle is often wanting, or it may be very large and completely joined to the basal patch by a metallic line running between the median and submedian nervures. The first subcostal is only united with the costal nervure for a very short distance. The male is somewhat like that of D. arinia, but is smaller and lacks the tail of that species. The type of D. salamandri is in -the Macleay Museum, and is certainly identical with this species. This species ranges from the Richmond River to Cape York; and is very plentiful in certain localities, as the Richmond River and in the Cairns District where Mr, R. E. Turner informs me the variety of the male with little white on the upperside of the hindwing is as common as the typical form. I am sure the locality of Sydney must be an error, as after collecting for over twelve years in the district I have never seen it. Semper is the authority for this locality. (^J 30, $ 20). Daxis macleayi. Semper. Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 155, 1878: Thy sonotis macleayi^ Druce it Baker, P.ZS. 1893, pp. 546, 547; Druce, op. cit. 1902. ii. p. 119. (J9. Length of costa of forewing 14 mm. This species is very close to the preceding (Z>. taygetus), but differs very slightly in the spotted fringes, also in the female having a black tooth pro- jecting from the black costal border into the central white area and very indistinct blue scales on the base of the wings. The male is of a much less intense blue than D. tayyetus. Loc. Cape York. (Translated from Samper's description). In 1893 Mr. Druce doubted if it was distinct from D. taygetus.^ and referred to a specimen in the Godman and Salvin collection. In 1902 he had the types in his own collection and writes "easily BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 153 distinguished from D. taygetus by the paler l^lue in the male and by the chequered cilia in both sexes." I have lately seen a specimen (9) from Cooktown lent me l^y Mr. Lower; it certainly has white, slightly chequered cilia, and though not altogether agreeing with the above description, does so in some respects. It further causes me to doubt the specific distinctness of this species but, in deference to Mr. Druce's opinion, I keep them separate. Danis arinia, Oberthiir. Cwpido arinia, Oberth., Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xii. p. 465, 1878; I.e. XV. p. 523, 1880 : Thysonotis arinia, Druce & Baker, P.Z.S. 1893, p. 550, pi. xlvi., figs. 6, 7 : D. cyanea, Hemp, (nee Cram.), Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 155, 1878; Misk. (nee Cram.), Syn. Cat, Rhop. Aust. p. 50, 1891 : D. albastola, Lucas, Proc. R. Soe. Qsld. vi. p. 156, figs. 3, 4, 1889. $. 16-19 mm. (18). Shape of wings as in Z>. taygetus g rather than D. seraj^is ^, with a long thin tail at the extremity of the first median nervule of the hindwing. U ppers ide. — Forewing uniform shining purplish-blue (darker than in D. taygetas) with a very narrow black costal margin and a broader uniform black outer margin; end of cell marked by a whitish suffusion more or less developed. Cilia black, more or less edged with white. Hindwing uniform shining purj)lish-blue, with a fairly broad outer black margin, between costa and sub- costal nervule white. Tail long, black, tipped with white. Cilia black edged with white. Underside. — Forewing white, with black costal and outer margins, costa at base narrowly white, black costal margin beginning at base runs uniformly in width to apex and round to median nervure when it increases in size by three steps to inner margin; outer margin faintly marked with white, a submarginal white band beginning from below apex and increasing in size to inner margin. Cilia black. There are no metallic scales. Hind- wing with costa white, basally sprinkled with metallic scales; a subbasal broad black bar; a broad white bar from costa to inner 154 AUSTRALIAN IIIIOPALOCKRA : LYCjES 1 D.E, III., margin; rest of wing black, with a submarginal series of inter- neural metallic green subquadrate spots each containing a large ovoid Mack spot. Outer margin marked with a definite white line, interrupted b}^ the black nervules. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia black, tipped with white. 9. 15-17 mm. (16). Shape of wings as in D. tavf/et^s 9. Hind wing tailed. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreunny white, central area with broad costal and broader outer black margins; base covered with metallic green scales, costal margin extending half-way into cell and increasing in size to apex; thence continuing, still increasing, to inner margin, inner edge irregular, a faint trace of a submarginal metallic band most noticeable near angle. Onl}^ a little more than \ of wing white. Cilia black. Hivdwiny with base black, sprinkled with metallic scales ; next a narrow white band, remainder of wing black; a faint white marginal line interrupted by black nervules, above which is an interneural series of very black ovoid spots each of which is crowned with a large patch of metallic scales. Tail long, black, tipped with white. Cilia black, edged with white. Underside as in ^J. I have unfortunatelyonly half-a-dozen specimens of this species which are not in the best condition, especially in the case of the females. They show very little variation except in the size of the white patch at end of cell in ^. The recognition marks are the tail and the absence of any metallic scales on the underside of the forewing. The species is intermediate in size between D. aerajyis and D. taygetus. Loc. — Macka}' to Cape York (^ G, 9 2.) Lampides, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett. p, 70, I^^IG; de Niceville, Butt. Ind. iii. p. 159, 1890. "In the forewing the costal nervure is very short, terminating on the margin before the apex of the discoidal cell; the short spur BY' G. A. WATERHOUSE. 155 joining the first subcostal nervule to the costal nervure is a feature present in Jainides, Hilbner. Structurally this genus liai-dly differs from JamicJes, and what differences there are are so slight that they can hardly be expressed; but the style of colouration and markings will easily distinguish them. Type L. (vJ'ianus, Fabr." (de Niceville). It will be noticed that Miskin* gives a list of seventeen species referred to Lamjndes, Hiibn., not one of which can correctly be placed in that genus, as defined by the authors he quotes; while the two species that can structurally be referred to that genus he has placed under Danis, Fabr. It appears from Miskin's 'Cata- logue' that the main distinction he adopts between Lyctmia and Lampides is the al^sence of a tail in the former case, and its presence in the latter; but it may here be remarked that the same species is often found tailed and tailless. The species given by Miskin under Lanipida^ are referable to Nacaduha, Tdrucits, ./amides, Everes, Wtica, Polyo7nmatus and Catochrysops. The two Australian species which structurally belong to this genus are very different in pattern from the Indian forms, as typified by L. celianus. In our species there are no strigte on the underside, and they are much more allied to Danis (ThysonotiSy Hiibn.}. The two species may be distinguished as follows : — A. Male above silyeiy-blue; beneath, in both sexes, with white spots on outer marginal borders of both wings; no bands.... cadesds. B. Male above pale blue; beneath, in both sexes, with hindwing showing a series of conical black spots; bands on forewing, and a costal white line cdeuas. A tail is present in both species. Lampides ccelestis, Miskin. Danis cctlestis, Misk., Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 50, 1891. $. 15-17 mm. (IG); 9. IMG mm. (15). This species is recognised by the light silvery-blue of the male, and the black of the female, in both sexes with white central * Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. pp. 51-58, 1891. lOG AUSTRALIAN JUIOPA UJCKIiA : LVCHSJ D.E, III., areas. Miskiii's desci-iption is full. It is probaljly the species determined by Semper as D. alenas from Cooktowii. The only locality for it kiK^wn to me is Cairns ((J 2, 9 2). Lampides aleuas, Felder. Lijc. alenas {^), Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 268, t. 33, f. 15, 16, 1865: Danis aleuas, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 155, 1878 : Lijc. alcas (9), Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 268, t. 33, f. 27, 28, 1865. ,^. 18 mm. Foi-'iinuig with costa arched, apex very blunt, almost rounded; outer margin nearly straight, inner margin straight. Hindwlny with outer margin semicircular; a tail is present at extremity of first median nervule. Upper sid e. — Foreiviny pale blue, with white discal patch which is ]t of width of wing, wholly external to cell, and wholly below median nervure, occupying a central position; apex and outer margin bordered with brown, rest of wing pale metallic blue (not so shining or silvery as in L. c(desfis), with costa and costal area plentifully sprinkled with white scales. Cilia very .short, brown. Hindwiny with outer half pale blue; base of wing pale blue; rest of wing white; outer margin brown, internal to which is a white line interrupted by blue at nervules, a brown patch on the inner side of each of this series of white lines. Cilia brown. Tail broNvn, tipped with white. U nd e r s i d e. — Forewiny brown and white, the brown occu- pying the same position as does the blue on upperside, basal third of costa marked by a white line, outer margin also marked by a white line external to which are the brown cilia; end of cell marked by a darker brown bar bounded by a white line on both ,sides and below; a short band is present near apex consisting of three darker brown spots bordered on their sides with white, placed one over the other, these spots are situated between 3rd subcostal nervule and subcostal nervure, subcostal and upper discoidal, and upper and lower discoidal nervules; a submarginal BY G. A. WATERIIOUSK. 157 wavy wliite line, which is closest to outer margin at the nervules, double near apex. Hindwing witli brown areas in a correspond- ing position to blue on upperside, white corresponding to white on upperside; a white marginal line interrupted by the nervules, between the nervules large conical dark sj^ots bounded internally with white and externally with white suffused with blue scales, excepting the spot between 1st and 2nd median nervules wliich extends to the white marginal line, and has blue splashes on either side; internal to this, but still on the brown area, an irregular band d£ darker brown spots bordered with Avhite, these spots occurring between each pair of nervules except above sub- costal nervule and between subcostal nervule and subcostal nervure, where it is only a half spot. Cilia brown. $.19 mm. Forewiyig with costa more arched, apex more rounded and outer margin more convex than in ^. Upperside. — Forewiyig with costal area and all above median nervure excepting the cell black, outer margin black, in width about J of wing, cell and basal area suffused with blue scales, rest of wing white; black of 9 corresponding to blue of g. Hindvnng with outer half black .(corresponding to blue of (J), rest of wing white except basal portion, which is suffused with pale blue; on inner edge of black area a blue suffusion in the region of median nervules; a very faint white marginal line in region of tail, which is black, tipped with white. U n d e r s i d e. — Exactly as in ^ except that the blue metallic scales are more plentiful on the white borders to the black spots of hindwing. The above description is taken from a pair in the Macleay Museum caught at Darnley Island several years ago. I am not quite sure that our form is typical L. alexias ; but it is certainly very closely related to it, and without seeing a specimen from the type locality, I do not feel justified in altering the above name. I have some doubts as to whether Semper's specimen from Cook- town is really this species, as I do not think it occurs on the mainland (cJ 3, 9 1). 158 AUSTRALIAN RHOPALOCERA : LYCEXID.E, III., Miletus, Hiibner. (Part) Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 71, 1816; (part) Westw., Gen. Diuni. Lep. p. 502, 1852: Theda, sect. Hypochri/sops, Feld., Wieii. Ent. Mon. iv. p. 213, I860; Hijpochrysops, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 251, 1865; Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 179. In this genus the subcostal nervule is three-branched, the first branch being quite free from the costal nervure as in Lyccenesthes, PsPAidodijysas, Philiris and Candalides. In fact Miletus bears a close relationship to these genera structurally, but maybe at once recognised by the brilliant colouring of the underside. In his excellent Monograph of the genus, Druce remarks as follows : "Although by following certain lepidopterists, Hiibner's name MUetus should take priorit}^, as the first species mentioned by him is the P. polycletus, Linn., yet I prefer, seeing that these insects have become so well known under Felder's name, to use his name Hypochrysops. Again, Felder has definitely character- ised the genus, whereas Hiibner placed together under his name forms that are abundantly distinct, without any remark as to which should be the type of his genus." Following this rule then we must discard many of Hiibner's genera, which Druce has not done, for he accepts Caiidalides, taking as the type the first mentioned species, C. xaiithoi^pilos, which seems very reasonable. Adopting tlien P. polycletus as the type of Hiibner's genus, Hypo- chrysops must sink. With certain specific modifications, the species have the following pattern of marking on the underside. Foreiving with cell usually yellow, a metallic line from base along subcostal nervure to end of cell where it is often broken, thence bending and following the discocellular nervules; a similar line running along middle of cell to near its end, but stopped by the discocellular spot, a discal band of variable length, usually mar- gined with metallic; a submarginal band often represented by black spots sprinkled with metallic. Hindwing crossed by seven bands often composed of spots; first a basal streak on costa; second subbasal from subcostal to abdominal margin ; third usually consisting of a spot above, another in cell, often coalesc- BY G. A. WATERJIOUSE. 159 ing; fourth usually consisting of four spots, one above, two below, one in middle of cell, crossing cell, all more or less coalescent; fifth marking end of cell, often with a small spot below it; sixth discal, much curved from near costa to abdominal margin, some- times appearing as if its beginning and end belonged to the fifth series; seventh marginal, often much reduced in size. These spots which are usually some shade of i-ich orange-red, more or less bordered with metallic blue or green, sometimes with black, reach their maximum development in J/, ignita and its allies. The species may be thus discriminated : — A. Hindwing produced into two blunt tails, ^ above blue, $ with white patch on forewing. a. Of large size, $ green above rex. 6. Of smaller size, $ blue above rovena. B. Hindwing more produced at anal angle than apex, without tail-like projections. a. Upperside copper-colour. ai. Hindwing below with white apical patch afiollo. fti. Hindwing below without white apical patch apelles. h. Upperside, ^ purple, $ coppery Jipcalius. c. Upperside, ^ purple, $ blue. «!. Underside with broad orange-red bands i^, Felder,Wien. Ent. Mon. iii. p. 324, t. G, f. 3, 3859. 160 AUSTRALIAN llIlorALOC HllA -. LYC.K.\lf).K, III.. Til is species is very closely allied to J/, rovena, which is much commoner in Australia, Ijut is larger. In the male the dark margins are much narrower, and on the underside the ground- colour is darker, and the Avhitish patch below apex of hindwing is wanting. In the female the basal areas are suffused with green instead of blue. My authority for including this species is a specimen (^) in the Macleay Museum from Darnley Island. I think it may definitely be assumed that it does not occur on the Australian mainland, where its place is taken by the form M. rovena. Druce was not certain of the distinctness of J/, epidetus, Feld., (not the insect recorded under that name by Miskin). It is a well known ISew Guinea form. Loc. — Darnle}^ Island. Miletus rovena, Druce (Plate ii., fig. 16). Hjjpochrjjsops rovena, Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 184; P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 113: //. epidetus, Misk. (nee Feld.), Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 66, 1891. (J. 16-17 mm. (17). Costa of fore wing gently arched, apex acute, outer margin straight. Hindwing with, outer margin slightly concave in centre, and two blunt tail-like projections to 1st and 2nd medians. Up per side rich blue, with narrow black costal and outer margins, that of costa of hindwing being widest, usually extend- ing to subcostal nervure. anal angle also more broadly black. Cilia brownish. Underside. — Forewing light brown, paler towards inner margin, spots distinct, reddish margined with metallic green; an additional red spot in centre of cell, which is of the same colour as rest of wing except the reddish upper portion; discal band irregular, not extending below first median, marginal band indis- tinct. Cilia brown. Ilindiuiny light brown with a lighter suffu- sion on outer margin below apex; spots red, usually black-bordered, then with metallic green, situated as indicated in general descrip- tion except the curved discal series, which just below the sub- BY G. A. WATEIIIIOUSE. 161 costal is situated almost on the outer margin, and then increasing in size, gradually leaves the margin towards anal angle; marginal band represented by a red line, which at anal angle is internally bordered with black and externally by metallic green, light brown and then black on margin. Cilia brown at tips of nervules, at anal angle black. 9. 17-lS mm. (17). Shape much as in ^, but apex less acute and projections of hindwing longer. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreioijig black, with costa at base dark grey, basal third of wing light blue, more extended along inner margin, outer half of cell white, which extends downwards and outwards, sometimes reaching below 1st median; end of cell usually marked with bright blue which sometimes extends quite round the white patch. Cilia brown. Hindwing greyish-black, with a variable blue suffusion extending over cell, sometimes beyond. Cilia brown, lighter at anal angle. Underside as in ^, usually lighter, with wdiite patch of forewing showing through. This species has usually been known in Australia as //. ej)i- cletus, but Druce considers it distinct. However, this and the preceding species, together with M. hy}-)odetus^ Oberth., are pro- bably only geographical forms of M. j)olycletu8, Linn. Loc. — Ivockhampton to Cooktown (^ 4, 9 3). Druce records this species from Port Macquarie and Richmond River, N.S.W., erroneousl}^ I think, since it appears to be essen- tially a tropical species; and my own collections from the Rich- mond River were made at all times of the year and do not include it. Miletus apollo, Miskin. IlypocJirysops ajmllo, Misk., Syn. Cat. Pvhop. Aust. Suppt. 1891. Miskin's description was made from a single specimen (9) in very poor condition. The type is now in the Queensland Museum, but in much worse condition and is hardly recognisable. It is to be hoped, therefore, that some northern entomologist will succeed II 162 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCKRA -. LYC.EN ID.F., III., in rediscovering this beautiful species. Its nearest Australian ally is M. apelles. Log. — Herbert River, Q. Miletus apelles, Fabricius. Fa]j. apelles, Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 524, 1775; Don., Ins. New Holl. t. 30, f. 2, 1805 : Hypochrysojja apelles, Mathew, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales, p. 265, 1885; Staud., Exot. Schmett. t. 94, 1888; Druce, Trans. Eat. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 186. (J. 14-17 mm. (15). U p p e r s i d e. — Foreiving rich orange-red, apical half of costa, apex and outer margin black, much wider at apex. Cilia inconspicuous, brownish. Hindwing rich orange-red, with costa broadly black and outer margin narrowly black, nervules marked with black. Cilia brownish. Undersid e. — Forewing with apical area, angle and base below median nervule slaty to reddish-brown, rest of wing yellow; discal band nearly obsolete, represented by a few sub- apical yellow spots which run into the marginal band about middle; outer margin yellow, with a series of black spots well marked with metallic green; cell yellow, with two metallic lines; several metallic spots between end of cell and apex. Cilia brown. Hindwing brown, with broad red bands as indicated in general description, bordered with metallic green; discal band irregular, nearer to outer margin below subcostal, and giving off a spur above anal angle; marginal band confined to anal angle, bordered inwardly with black and outwardly with metallic green, which extends along margin; a yellow marginal line, a black spot at termination of first median. Cilia brown. 9. 13-15 mm. (14). Outer margins of both wings more rounded than in ^. TJ p p er s i d e much paler and more restricted orange than in ^, not extending to inner margin of forewing, nervules of hind- wing markedly defined with black. Underside as in ^, with marginal band of forewing better defined. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 163 Besides the colour of the upperside, this species may l)e recog- nised by the absence of a definite discal band on the forewing below. The locality of " West Australia " given by Druce must no doubt refer to the most northern portion of that State. Loc. — Rockhampton to Cape York ((J 8, 9 6). Miletus haly.etus, Hewitson. Hy2:>ochr!jsops Italijoitus, Hew., Trans. Ent Soc, 1874, p. 350; Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 185, pi. x. figs. 4, 5 : Poly, ura- nites, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, p. 827. " (J. Wings above ca?rulean blue, with apical thirds brownish- black; hindwing with a subraarginal orange band. Underside orange-yellow, with large metallic green spots along costa and at apex of forewing. Hindwing with three distinct wide bands of meiallic green, the outer being composed of large oblong spots. Female as in male, but lilac-blue, with a linear orange outer margin to both wings. Exp. l^^in." (Druce). Hewitson gives the male as brilliant morpho-blue; and the female lilac-blue above, with four bands of hrilliant gold-green oh the underside of hindwing. Meyrick gives the male as of a brilliant light brassy-blue and the female purple-blue, the hindwings beneath bright yellow- ochreous, with three strongly curved series of moderate irregular trapezoidal more or less confluent hluish-yolden spots. Mr. O. B. Lower, who has seen a specimen of Mr. Mey rick's species, writes to me that "it resembled M. ignila, but all the scarlet of the underside was wholly replaced by metallic blue- yreen scales." A very careful consideration of the descriptions, together with Mr. Lower's note, convinces me that J/, halycetus and M. uranites are identical. I have long suspected this, but could not reconcile the colour given to the bands on the underside by Hewitson and Meyrick; still both Druce and Lower differ slightly from the earlier descriptions. Zoc. —Swan River, W.A. (Hew.), Geraldton, W.A. (Meyr.). 1 64 AUSTEALIAN IIIIOPA LOCh'IlA : L YCJISID.K, IT!., Miletus miskixi, n.sp. (Plate iii., figs. 30-31). (J. 15 mm. Upp e r s i d e. — Forewimj dall lustrous purple, with black outer margin, broadest at apex, decreasing to angle. Cilia short brown. Hind wing dull lustrous purple, with a very narrow black outer margin. Costal margin from base to apex broadly Ijrown. Abdominal fold grey. Cilia brown. Underside. — Foretving stone-grey. Cell yellow, with a central metallic green waved line; subcostal nervure to end of cell marked with green, a basal green costal line; end of cell marked with an orange bar bounded internally with metallic green and externally with black, then metallic green ; below middle and end of cell faint yellow spots; disc marked by a yellow transverse bar more or less sprinkled internally with metallic green reaching to first median nervule; margin marked with a broad decreasing band of orange, within which are five inter- neural black spots more or less obliterated with metallic green scales; on costa between discal band and end of cell are placed a few small spots of metallic green. Cilia brown. Ilindtcing stone- grey, with six orange-red bands; first along costa at base, inter- nall}'- bordered with metallic green; second basal along the com- mencement of costal nervure and continued across base of cell, bordered externally with metallic green; third subbasal, consist- ing of two elongate spots bordered on both sides wdth green, one above and one in cell; fourth extending right across wing a little beyond middle of cell, bordered on both sides with metallic green except the large spot near costa; fifth short, consisting of a ver}' large conspicuous spot marking end of cell, bordered on either side first with black then with green, also below this a small spot; sixth discal, curved, internally bordered with green except towards abdominal margin where the large spot is bordered on both sides first with black and then with green ; outer margin broadly orange, along which runs a submarginal interneural band of green, in region of anal angle this orange margin internally bordered first with black, then with green. Cilia brown. BY G. A. WATEKIIOUSE. 105 9. 14-18 mm. (17). Upper side. — Forewing with central metallic blue area and black costal and outer margins, Ijlack costal ])and extending half way into cell, very ]:)road at apex and angle but narrower at middle of outer margin. Cilia gre}'. HindtniiKj purple, more or less suffused with blue at base, costal margin broadly brown, outer margin brown. Cilia grey. The relative amounts of blue and purple present vary according to the position of the insect. U n d e r s i d e. — Foreiving creamy-white; cell and adjoining costal area yellow, traversed by three metallic green lines from base, first close to costa, second marking subcostal nervule, third through middle of cell; end of cell marked by a yellow spot, bordered on either side by metallic green, above this towards ■costa a suffusion of metallic green; disc marked by a straight band of pale yellow internally bordered with green, especially towards costa; outer margin markedly yellow except at angle, with an interneural series of five black spots almost obscured with metallic green scales. Cilia grey. Hindwing creamy-white, with l)ands as in ^J, but the ])asal ones are rich orange-red and the discal band and outer margin are yellow. The large spot mark- ing end of cell is very conspicuous, more so than in (J. Cilia grey. This species is named from a male in collection of Mr. R. Illidge, Brisbane, who has kindly lent it to me, and from several females in my own collection, received from Messrs. R. E. Turner, Tryon and Lucas. It is curious that out of fifty specimens examined only three have been males, whereas in this genus the males usually predominate. There seems to be very little variation except that the colour of the bands of the underside undergoes some change and the metallic scales often appear blue. The difference in the groundcolour of the sexes is very evident, and an important mark is the large spot at end of cell on underside of hindwing. I have named this species after Mr. W. H. Miskin, in whose collection, now in the Queensland Museum, it appears under the name of //. narcissus^ Fabr. Dr. Lucas has sent it to me as //. 1 QQ AUSTRALIAN lUlOPA LOCIUIA : /. YC.KMD.i:, III., eucIeUis, Feld. These two species, however, are blue on the upperside in both sexes, and are of a very different shape. A specimen sent to the late Mr. L. de Niceville was returned labelled J/, protoyeiies, Feld. (?), to which this insect appears from Druce's figure* to be somewhat allied. I have very carefully compared my specimens with the tigures of //. thesaiirusij this species is the nearest I have seen to the Australian form, but the male has purple forewings, and hhte hindwings; on the underside the colour is different and the discocellular of hindwing, which is an important mark of my species, is not prominent. The figure of the female on upperside is very close to my species, but the description of the underside says it is like the male but paler; whereas in my specimens the females are conspicuously lighter. A note on M. protogene'i confirms my opinion that my sjDecies is distinct from that. Log. — Brisbane to Cairns. Miletus delicia, Hewitson. Hypochry^ops delicia, Hew., Ent. Mo. Mag. xii. j). 38, 1875; Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 186, t. 10, figs. 6, 7; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 94, 1894. (J. 15-20 mm. (18). Shape as in M. iynita ^. XJ p JD e r s i d e. — Forewing velvet}^ black, with costa grey at base, centrobasal area silvery metallic green, extending to inner margin and occupying J to whole of cell. Cilia greyish. Hind- wing as in forewing, with nervules marked in black in metallic area and two orange-red spots near anal angle. Underside light brown, cell yellowish, bands of red, bordered with metallic as in general description, submarginal band of red without black spots, three black spots in and below cell of forewing as in J/, ignita. Cilia brownish. ^. lG-21 mm. (18). Shape as in M. iynita $. Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, pt. ii. pi. x. figs. 14, 15. t Ct. Smith & Kirby, lihop. Exot. pt. 30, 1894. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. . 167 Upper side velvety black with variable centrobasal area metallic blue or green, occupying sometimes basal I, sometimes ^ area of wings; orange spots on hind wing, two to four, sometimes coalescing. Cilia brown. Underside as in ^, with the central area of forewing broadly suffused with yellow in which the three black spots are very conspicuous. Var. duai'ingcf, var.nov. (^.14 mm. This specimen is much smaller than average males of J/, delicia from Victoria, and New South Wales, and differs in having the metallic areas ^j>«/e blue, occupying f of both wings, leaving only a grey costa at base, and a broad black outer margin to the fore- wing; and narrower black costal and outer margins and two orange anal spots to hind wing. Underside with spots and bands orange-red rather than red, discal bands more prominent than in southern forms, metallic borders blue rather than green, only two black spots on fore- wing. The type of this remarkable variety, from Duaringa, Q., is in the collection of Mr. G. Lyell. This beautiful species is somewhat allied to M. iyiiita, but is much larger and is the only Australian species with metallic scales on the upperside. Northern specimens are usually much larger and tiner than southern. The species shows a certain amount of variation, especially with regard to the metallic scales of the upperside. Grose Smith k Kirby describe a species, //. regiiia,"^ from the Moluccas allied to, if not identical with, this. They state their specimen to be a male, but from the shape of the figure I should certainly say it was a female; in fact I have an almost identical female of M. delicia from New South Wales. Loc. — Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane (^J 25, ^ 12). * Rhop. Exot, pt. 32, 1S95. 168 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPAWCKRA : LVC.KS I D.E, III., [Miletus ignita, Leach (Plate iii., figs. 13, 32, 33). Lye. ignita^ Leach, Zool. Misc. i. p. 136, t. GO, tigs. 1-3, 1814: Hypochrysojys ignita, Druce, Trans. Ent. 8oc. Loud. 1891, p. 185; And. ct Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 97, 1894; //. oniffi^ :\Iisk., Proc. Linn. Soc. [N.S.W. 1888, p. 1518. $. 10-16 mm. (14). Upper side. — Foretciug brown, with much darker costal and outer margins, and often a dark discocel- lular bar; wing usually suffused with purplish-brown often shining, sometimes with a very distinct bluish tint; costa often brilliant orange, sometimes black; often a subapical orange patch, in one extreme case the whole of disc extending into cell and nearly to inner margin suffused with orange, though this is more often only represented by orange nervailes; other extreme represented b}^ broader dark margins and a total absence of orange. Cilia greyish - white. Hindfcing brown, with darker costal margin extending to subcostal nerv^ure, usually a very narrow black outer margin; wing similarly suffused with purplish-brown to the forewing, lower nervules often well marked with orange; in one extreme instance outer margin orange, with a thin black marginal line; some specimens have an orange suffusion in centre of wing, usually a darker discocellular spot. Cilia greyish-white, darker at termi- nations of nervules. U n d e r s i d e. — ForeK-'ing light brown, cell and costa yellow, outer margin orange-red, rarely extending below first median; submarginal black and metallic spots the length of outer marginal orange band; discal band scarlet, usuall}' bordered with black, sometimes with metallic, sometimes ending at first median, some- times at submedian; last spot often a dark blotch, discocellular spot darker than cell, sometimes distinctly bordered outwardl}^ Avith black; below this usually a black round spot, another often below middle of cell, often with a third in cell just above it; one specimen shows a faint subbasal black spot in cell. Cilia light brown. Ilindiving light brown, crossed by scarlet bands bor- dered with metallic green or blue as indicated in general descrip- tion; outer margin scarlet, with a thin black line, discal band I BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. IGO often inwardly bordered with black, often with a large black spot between first median and siibmedian. Cilia light brown, darker at terminations of nervules. 9. 13-1 6 mm. ( 1 4). U p p e r s i d e. — Fori'ivlng brownish-ljjack, with a very variable centrobasal area of purplish-blue of varj^ing shades, usually extending to inner margin, usually occupying only \ cell; costa rarely bordered with orange. Cilia white. JJindiuiny brownish-black, with centrobasal area purplish-blue, sometimes having a broad black outer margin, sometimes a linear outer margin inwardly bordered by orange; nervules sometimes marked with orange, especially near outer margin. Cilia gre^'ish-white, darker at terminations of nervules, thus giving a dentate appear- ance to wing. U n d e r s i d e as in (J. This is perhaps the most variable Lycamid in Australia; and though it would be possible to pick out from my cabinet six specimens which some entomologists would consider distinct, yet all intermediate stages occur, showing their specific identit}'. My description shows a vv^onderful variation in the males, of which I have caught at least 150 specimens; and I have had the opportunity of examining man}^ others from W. Australia and Brisbane. There is very little difference in shape, except in one specimen which is much drawn out towards the apex of fore wing, and the hind wing is more lobate. With fewer specimens available, I have not been able to note so great a variation in the females. In the Macleay Museum there is a specimen which has the scarlet spots of uiiderside xevy wide, and only faintly bordered with metallic. J/, ollijfi, from an examination of the types, I should certainly say was only the variety with little or no orange on the upperside. J/, dirysouotus appears to be only the northern form of this. Log. — S.W. Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane ((J 35, 2 15). 170 AUSTRALIAN hllOPALOCEnA: LYCJ^.S ID^E, III., Miletus euclidks, Miskin. JlupocJirysops euciides, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1888, p. ].j17. (J. Upperside. — Both wings dense purple, outer margins narrowly bordered with black. U n d e r s i d e. — Pale stone-colour, adorned with reddish-orange bands and spots, all surrounded with margin of light metallic green. From Mr. Miskin's description the spots appear to be arranged as in J/, ignita. 9. Upperside. — Shining blue with a violet hue; borders of dark brown. Cilia of forewing black, of hindwing white. Termination of first median nervule developed into a decided tail. Exp. $ \^.f, 9 Ifo in. The above is taken from the original description of specimens from Gippsland, Vic, but though Miskin says it approaches nearest, in appearance of underside, to J/, ignita, he does not point out how it differs; personally, I believe it to be the Victorian form of that very variable species, but I have not been able to procure a specimen thereof from Victoria. Dr. Lucas, in whose possession the types were, informed me some few years ago that they had been unfortunately destroyed. Miletus ciirysonotus, G. Smith k Kirby. Hyjyochrysops chrysonotus, G. Smith & Kirby, Rhoj). Exot. pt. 48, lb99. 9. 18 mm. Shape as in H. ignita 9. U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing brown, with centrobasal area slightly metallic purplish-blue, darker towards base. Cilia white. Hiiidwiitg brown, with centrobasal area purplish-blue. Cilia white. U ndersid e. — Forewing light brown, with bands and spots as in J/, ignita, but pale orange; submarginal band orange-red, bordered outwardly with metallic blue and inwardly with black, which is well defined towards angle. Cilia brown. Hindwing light brown, bands and spots as in At. ignita, but much narrower BY G. A. WATERIIOUSK. 171 and duller; outer margin pale yellow, black spot near anal angle ver}^ distinct. Cilia light brown. This species, of which I unfortunately possess only a single specimen agreeing very well with the figure, is much larger and has lighter margins than the corresponding sex of M. ignita; on the underside the bands are much smaller, and the submarginal band of forewinf? is oransfe bordered with metallic and black as in M. epicarus, and not composed of black spots with metallic as in M. ignita. The male of this species is unknown, though it is more than likely that it may be contained in collections under the name M. if/7iifa. Loc. — Kockhampton to Cooktown. Miletus epicurus, Miskin. Hy2K)chrysops epicurus, Misk., Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond. 1870, p. 455; G. Smith t Kirby, Rhop. Exot. pt. 32, 1895. (J. 15 mm. Shape as in M. ignita $, with hind wing rather more produced. Up per side uniform shining brown with violet reflections, not extending to costal and outer margins; base of costa of fore- wing orange, which also shows on nervules of hind wing; two very short projections to first median and submedian. Cilia white, at terminations of nervules of hindwing brown. Underside pale yellowish-brown, cell yellow, marked as in M. ignita, with submarginal band of forewing as in M. chrysono- tus; bands very narrow, yellowish in forewing, reddish in hindwing; metallic borders very distinct, black subanal spot very distinct. Cilia brown. 9. 15 mm. Hindwing not produced as in (J. U p p e r s i d e uniform shining brown, violet-blue at base; hindwings with lower nervules well marked with orange, partic- ularly near outer margin. Cilia white. Underside as in (J. Of all the direct allies of M. ignita, this species is furthest removed from it. Miskin considered the markings of the underside to be " green, generally double, filled in with rich 172 AUSTRALIAN JUlOPA LOClJJiA : LVCKX / D.H, III., orange "; but an examination of his specimens, one of which is before me, shows it best to consider the markings as similar to those of M. i(/)iif((, but reduced in size, witli the metallic borders much increased. A specimen in excellent condition in the Macleay Museum, from Sydney, has tlie hindwing much produced. Log. — Sydney, Brisbane (^ 4, 9 1). Miletus hecalius, A[iskin (Plate iii., fig. 35). HypocJirijsops hucal'ms. Misk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 94, 9; Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1888, p. 1516, $'> -"^^i^^- ^^W}\ Vict. Butt. ii. p. 96, 1894. 5. 13-15 mm. (13). Shape as in J/, igaita ^. Upper side lustrous purple margined with black except inner margin of forewing, black margin widest at apex; hindwing with terminations of nervules orange-red, especially marked at anal angle. Cilia whitish. U n d e r s i d-e 3'ellow merging into brown on inner margin of forewing, hindwing brown, both Avings crossed b}' scarlet bands as in M. ignitd, but not so clearly defined nor metallic borders as prominent; an additional scarlet bar in cell of forewing; sub- marginal bands extending to margins, and without black spots as in J A ignita. Cilia brownish. 9. 14-16 nnn. (15). Shape much as in ^ but broader. U p p e r s i d e dark brown, with a central orange ovoid patch in each wing principally external to cell, that of forewing extend- ing along median nervure decreasingly to base; outer margin of hindwing orange-red, with nervules entering it orange. Cilia brownish. Underside yellow excepting inner margin of forewing, which is slightly brownish; markings as in ^, but sometimes larger, usually much paler in colour, being very little different from the ground colour; coalescent marginal and submarginal bands sometimes nearly obsolete. Cilia brownish. This appears to be a rare species, and is to be found in few collections. The undersides are variable, especially in the female, BV G. A. WATERIIOL'SP:. 173 of which I have seen a specimen most brilliantly marked on the hindwing, and another in which the markings are hardly discernible. The female is unlike that of any other Australian species, but may be said to bear a superficial resemblance to C. xanthospilos 9. The male is somewhat akin to M. ir/nita ^. Loc. — Victoria, Illawarra, N.S.W. Miletus narcissus, Fabricius (Plate iii., fig. 34). Pap. narcissus, Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 524, 1775; Don., Ins. New Holl. t. 30, f. 3, 1805: Hypochrysops narcissus, Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 189. (J. 13-16 mm. (15). Apex of forewing acute, outer margin straiglit, slightly concave just below middle. Hindwing much drawn out towards anal angle, somewhat dentate. Upper side rich velvety black with centrobasal areas brilliant blue, which in forewing never enters cell, nor extends much beyond it, usually reaching inner margin; in hindwing usually reaching subcostal and submedian, and extending very nearly to outer margins. Cilia white, marked with black at ter- mination of nervules, especially near anal angle. Underside. — Forewing with costa and upper half of cell 3^ellow, with two longitudinal metallic streaks, subapical area whitish, rest of wing blackish, discocellular spot reddish; discal band broad, short, red, bordered with metallic, bent towards middle of outer margin, which is orange marked with a series of black spots with metallic. Cilia whitish. Hindiving with ground colour blackish except along costa and middle of abdomi- nal margin which are cream; bands as indicated in general description, confluent and less extensive, dark red bordered with silvery blue; discocellular almost obsolete, blackish; submarginal red, separated from the lighter marginal band by a silvery blue line. Cilia as above. 9. 13-lG mm. (15). Apex of forewing less acute than in ^^ hindwing less drawn out, more dentate. 174 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA: LYC.flS ID.K, III., Upperside brownish-black, with ceiitrobasal areas pale blue, more extensive on forewing, entering cell; less extensive on hindwing than in ^. Cilia white marked with black. Underside as in (J, but the blackish gi'ound colour always much lighter, usually cream except lower basal half of forewing. Outside Australia this species appears to be represented only b}^ the type ((J) in the British Museum; this is unfortunate, as it was the first of the section described. The species referred to b3'Miskin, and appearing in his collection at Brisbane under this name, has a purple male, and is more nearly allied to J/, protogeniis than this species. Specimens of true M. tiarcissus, however, appear in Mis- kin's collection, and in many others, under the name of J/, eucletus, which I doubt to be Australian. ILplotinus (1894) and J/, dryope (1895) figured in the ' Rhopalocera Exotica' belong to the same section as this species, which is also very close to the next. Loc. — Cooktown, Thursday Island. Miletus eucletus, Felder. Hypochrysops PAidetus, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 253. 1865; Druce, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1891, p. 188, pi. 10, figs. 12, 13. I know this species onl}^ from descriptions and from Druce's figures, upon which my remarks are based. (J. 17 mm. (from fig.). Upperside as in J/, narcissus, but with the blue somewhat paler. Underside as in M. narcissus, with the yellow of forewing much more extensive along costa, the lower portion of forewing being less suffused with blackish, which appears from the figure to be totally absent from the groundcolour of hindwing. The female is said to differ from g in having the blue of upperside paler and more extensive than in q; and the j^ellow groundcolour of hindwing below, being more or less suffused with dark purplish- brown. The type (9) is from Gilolo, and my only reason for including it in the Australian fauna is Druce's reference to Thursday Island (Mathew). I have specimens of M. narcissus ((J9) from both BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 175 Cooktown and Thursday Island which are identical; and I am of opinion that Mathew's Thursday Island specimens were that species; but as M. eucletus is recorded from Southern New Guinea it is just possible that both forms may occur on Thursday Island, though I should rather be inclined to doubt it, Candalides, Hubner. Yerz. bek. Schmett. n. 73. 1816 : Erina (part), Swains., Zool. 111. ii. t. 134, 1832 : Holochila (nom. prc^occ), Feld., Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, xii. 1862. Foreioing with costa nearly straight in ^, somewhat arched in 9, apex slightly acute, outer margin nearly straight in ^, more convex in 9, inner margin straight. Subcostal nervure with three branches, tirst quite free from costal nervure, upper dis- eoidal and middle discocellular meeting on or very close to sub- costal. Ilindzving with costa nearly straight, apex round, outer margin rounded uniformly, without any trace of a tail and no anal lobe, inner margin straight. Antennae about J length of costa. Type C. xanthospilos, Hiibn. Swainson places in his genus Erina three Australian species, j^ulchella, Swains., erinus, Fabr,, and ignita, Leach. The first is without any doubt a synonym of the type of Hiibner's genus; the second would also be included in that genus, as it has a similar neuration; while the last belongs to a totally different type of insects. Holochila, type H. ahsivnlis, was already used two years previously, so it must give way. There are several Australian genera that, as regards neuration, are very close to Candalides, viz., Lycfenesthes which may at once be distinguished by the three short highly ciliated tails; Miletus {Hypochrysops) by the brilliant markings on the underside; Pseic- dodlpsas, which connects Caiidalides with LyccEuesthes, has three blunt tail-like projections : Fhiliris has a similar neuration to Cayidalides, and it is only the shape that separates it from that genus; it moreover appears very difficult to separate it from Pseudodipsas, a view de Niceville took, though Druce* does not * P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 115. 176 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPAIJiCKnA-.LYC.EyiD.K, III., C011CIU-; personally I think there is very little to warrant generic distinction between Candnlides, Psetidodipsas and Philiris; but as they have been characterised with definite types, I prefer to let them stand, though T think that three (at least) of the divi- sions of Candalidps are as worthy of generic rank. Lycccnesthes and Jflletifs are of course abundantly distinct. The Australian species may be recognised primarily by their underside, as follows : — A. Underside in both sexes silky white, more or less marked with dark spots and lines. a. Upperside, forewing with a yellow patch ; underside with marginal row of spots, three spots in centre of hindwing xanthospilos, h. Upperside purplish-brown ; underside with marginal row of spots only lieathi. c. Upperside of J uniform blue or greenish-blue, with nar- row linear margins; of $ black, with a central white area to each wing. a'^. Upperside of (^ blue, with no secondary sexual char- acters; of 2 basal areas blue, white patch of hind- wing not reaching costa, markings below plentiful. ahsimUh. h'^. Upperside of (^ blue, with secondary sexual charac- ters; of 2 basal areas blue, white patch of hind- wing reaching costa, markings below less than in absimilis margarita, c-i. Upperside of ^ bluish-green, with secondary sexual characters; of $ without blue on basal areas, white patch of hindwing reaching costa. markings below very few helenita. d'^. Upperside of ^ pale bluish, with secondary sexual characters; of $ bluish, with white areas much reduced, markings below very distinct fjilberti. B. Underside in both sexes greyish to dark brown. (/. Two spots near hinder angle of forewing on underside. (iT^. Underside greyish, fringes white erhni.^. h^. Underside very light brown, spots distinct; upperside purple Injacinthina c-i. Underside darker brown, spots very indistinct; upper- side purple acdi^ta. Ji. Underside yet darker brown; upperside blue cyanitef. I BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 177 h. Underside brown, with unconspicuous markings; upper- side coppery cyjn-otm^. C. Underside uniform brown, without markings; upperside silvery white olbosericea. These are at once marked off into the absirailis group, in which the palpi are only clothed with very short hairs, and the terminal joint is very long, especially so in 9; this group is very close to Pseudodipsas. The erinus group has much shorter and much more hairy palpi, and is related to the absimilis group by the whitish underside of C. erlnns. The typical C. xantJiosjnJos, by reason of the orange patch of the forewing, stands alone in the genus, which by its white underside it connects with Philiris. C. heathi connects the erinus group with C. xanthospilos and the genus Philiris. C. cyprotivs is nearest to the erinus group, while C. albosericea stands alone in the genus and is very distinct from every other Australian Lycienid. Candalides xanthospilos, Hiibner (Plate iii., fig. 5). Rusticus adolescens xanthospilos, Hiibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett. 1806-16 : Hoi. xanthospilos, >Staud., Exot. Schmett. pi. xciv. 1888; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 89, 1894: Polyommatus hilbneri, Godt., Enc. Meth. ix. p. 677, 1819: Erina pidchella, Swains., Zool. 111. ii. t. 134, 1832 : Lye. hyzos, Boisd., Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 81, 1832. (J. 12-15 mm. (14). Upperside. — Foreumiy black, with centrobasal area suffused with shining purple, a large ovoid yellow spot below lower end of cell. Cilia whitish. Hindwiny black, with central area slightly sufiused with purple. Cilia white. Underside silky white, with outer marginal interneural series of black dots better defined on hind wing, two black dots just at end of cell and one below middle of cell of hindwing. Cilia white. 9. 13-16 mm. (15). Upperside as in (J, but wanting the purplish suffusions, orange spot larger. Cilia white .-^ ^ -s TT 1 . 1 ■ ^ " '■ '^n -^ • /^ f U n d e r s 1 d e as in (J. 1- . ' ! t 178 AUSTRALIAN RIIOP ALOCKRA : LYC.EXJD .E, III., l^oc. — Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane to Rockhampton (^15,9 14). This species is at once recognised by the orange spot of fore winf'; it is allied to the Australian species of Philiris, except- ing in shape. Candalides heathi. Cox (Plate iii., fig. 6). Lye. heathi, Cox, Ent. iv. p. 402, 1873; Hoi. heathi, And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 93, 1894; Lye. paradoxa, Guest, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. A. 1882, p. 36. (J. 12-16 ram. (14). Up per side uniform shining slightly purplish-brown, with nervules paler brown and outer marginal borders darker. Cilia pale brown. Underside pale greyish-white, with interneural outer marginal black dots variable in size and number, very fresh specimens showing bluish bases. Cilia white. g. 13-18 mm. (15). Upper side light brown with centro- basal areas blue. Cilia white. U n d e r s i d e as in (J. T^oc. South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane (^15,913). Candalides absimilis, Felder (Plate iii., figs. 8-9). Hoi. absimilis, Feld., Verb. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien, xii. p. 490, 1862; Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 261, t. 32, fig. 14-16, 1865; Olliff. Aust. Butt. p. 23, 1889; And. & Spr}^ Vict Butt. ii. p. 90, 1894. (J. 15-17 mm. (16). Upperside uniform violet-blue, with very faint black costal and outer margins. Cilia white. Underside. — Foreiving silky white, with dark brown spots; one elongate, marking end of cell; two transverse interneural series, one submarginal faint, the other discal more conspicuous, sometimes an obscure series of brownish marginal blotches. Cilia white. Hindicing silky white, with dark brown spots situated in similar positions to those of fore wing, but the spots of discal and submarginal series lunular in shape; a subbasal row of four small round black spots, one above, one in, and BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 179 two below cell; also a row of three crossing middle of cell, one above and one below, and a spot below lower end of cell, a black marginal line. Cilia white. $. 15-18 mm. (16). Up per side. — Foreioing black, with a central ovoid white spot extending to cell but not to inner margin; between base and this spot and below it bluish. Cilia white. Hindwing black, with brown costal margin and subapical white spot situated between subcostal and second median nervules and extending somewhat into cell, which is bluish. Cilia white. Underside as in ^. I can recognise among very perfect specimens {$) three shades of blue, one of which shows a trace of purple. I also find in three inland specimens curious dark patches of scales in the €entre of forewing quite different from that of the three following species, while in a dozen other specimens this is absent. In the female the size of the white spots is very- variable, and, when very small, they are usually wholly suffused with blue scales. It is quite possible that I may have two species in my cabinet under this name as represented by males with and with- out a darker patch on the forewing on upperside; but I must certainly hesitate to separate them, especially as there are three other species very closely allied. This species is by far the commonest and has the widest range of the four allied forms. Log. — Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane to Cairns ((J 14, 2 12). Candalides MARGARITA, Semper. Holochila mai^gariia, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 161, 1878; Druce, P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 119. ^. 16-18 mm. Shape as in C. absimilis $. Upperside blue, with uniform jet black outer margins wider and more distinct than in G. ahsbnilis; curious, somewdiat raised, scales (Semper's arrow-shaped shadow) on median nervules near lower end of cell. Cilia white. Underside silky white, with the scheme of markings as in C. absimilis, but with many spots wanting; discocellular spots and 180 AUSTRALIAN lillOPALOCEnA : lAC.KMD.K, III., discal series in both wings often absent, and generally the mark- ings are less well defined than in C. ahsimilis; three interneural distinct jet black spots on outer margin near anal angle. Cilia white. 9- 14-18 nnii. (17). Shape as in C. ahsimilis 9- U p p e r s i d e as in C. absimilis 9, but with the white spot of hindwing extending to costa. Underside as in (J, but the interneural series of black spots extending all along outer margin of hindwing. This species is intermediate between C. ahsimilis and C.helenita in respect of the underside; while on the upperside it shows some characters of both species. The colour of the male is near that of C. ahsimilis, but it has broader margins and also shows the arrow-shaped shadow as in C. helenita; the female has the blue bases of C. ahsimilis, and the white patch extending to costa on hindwing. Semper's description and Druce's figure of the type female of C. helenita clearly show that that specimen is really the female of this species and not C. hdenita 9, which has no blue on the upperside, and is almost without markings below. Log. — Cairns, Gayndah, Cape York (^ 2, 9 6). Candalides helenita. Semper (Plate ii., fig. 34). Holochila helenita, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 162, 1878; Druce, P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 119; Waterhouse, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S.Wales, 1902, p. 333: H. androdus, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 41 : //. suharcientea, G. Smith ct Kirby, Rhop. Exot. pt. 38, figs. 9, 10, 189G. (J. 15-17 mm. (16). Shape as in C. ahsimilis $. Upperside greenish-blue, with very narrow dark outer margins and the arrow-shaped shadow made by the raised scales on median nervules in forewing. Cilia brownish. Underside silky white, with an interneural series of black spots on outer margin of hindwing, rest of wings usually without markings, though a careful examination will sometimes reveal faint traces of discal and submarginal series. Cilia white. 9. 12-18 mm. (16). Shape as in C. ahsimilis 9. BY a. A. WATEKIIOUSE. 181 Up per side black, with a large central white spot on fore- wing, reaching nearly to inner margin; a large spot on hindwing reaching costa, no blue scales near bases. Cilia white. Underside as in ^. This species may be recognised by the greenish colour of the male, and the absence of blue in the female on upperside; and the want of markings on the underside. Semper's description and Druce's figure of the female refer to C. margarita 9. It may be argued that these species are not distinct, but no one will assert that C. absimilis and C. helenita are the same; then comes the difficulty to which species we must assign C. via7'gari6a a^s it possesses some of the characters of both, rendering such a' course impossible. Twenty-five years ago Semper was able to discriminate between the three males, and his remarks are clearly borne out by the large series Mr, R. E. Turner has collected in N. Queensland. Semper unfortunately only possessed females of two species, and as a result assigned the wrong female to C. helenita. Log. — Cairns to Cape York (^ 3, 9 7). Candalides gilberti, n.sp. (J. 15 mm. Foretving with apex more acute and outer margin straighter than in the three allied species. Hindwing with outer margin rounded. Upperside pale violet-blue with linear dark outer margins. Oilia white. Underside. — Forewiag white, with an elongate black spot at end of cell, a discal row of six black interneural spots, a dark submarginal line, and a faint indication of dark marginal dots. Cilia white. Hindwing white, with four round jet black subbasal spots, the second in cell; four transverse spots crossing middle of cell; first above cell, elongate; second in cell, a black discocellu- lar streak, a curved discal series of seven black spots, the second being much nearer base than the rest, a submarginal wavy black line, a marginal interneural series of black spots. Cilia white. 182 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYC.KNID.K, III., 9. 17 mm. Shaped as in $ rather than like C. ahsimiHs Q; terminal joint of palpi very long. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreicing pale blue, with costal margin black except towards base, apex broadly and outer margin black, a white streak from end of cell to near outer margin. Cilia white. Hindwbiy blue, with a brownish costal margin and a black narrow outer margin widest at apex, a whitish patch between sub- costal nervure and nervule. Cilia white. Under sid e. — Foreioing with discocellular spot almost obso- lete, a black outer marginal line, submarginal line broken, other- wise as in (J. Hindtving as in (J, with subbasal spots smaller, and outer marginal spots very distinct, that near anal angle large and jet black. I have described this species from a single pair taken at Port Darwin by Mr. Gilbert Turner during last November; neither specimen unfortunately is quite perfect, but they are sufficiently free from rubbing to show that they are quite distinct from any- thing yet known from Australia. The undersides are much more distinctly marked, especially with regard to the discal series, than C. ahsimilis; and it should be noted that the second spot of the discal series of hindwing is much nearer base than first. On the upperside the male is nearest C. ahsimilis, but much paler; as to whether the arrow-shaped sexual mark is present it is difficult to say, as the male is rubbed at that point, but it apparently is there; the female is markedly distinct from the females of the thi^ee allied species, and seems to occupy a position intermediate between C. absimilis (^ 9) with white areas much reduced. This species tends to show further that the group, as typified by C. absimilis, is very varied; and that we have here four variations of a much older species. A similar state of things centres around Miletus ignita, though there the different forms cannot be so clearly picked out as in the C. absimilis group BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 183 Candalides albosericea, Miskin (Plate ii , figs. 24-25). Holochila albosericea, Misk., Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 65, 1891. (J. 15-1 G mm. Upperside shining white, with a .slight greyish-blue basal suffusion, and a black tip to apex of forewing. Cilia brown. Underside uniformly brown without markings. 9. 15-16 mm. Upperside bluish-white, slightly darker at base, apical \ of forewing black, decreasing along outer margin to near angle, outer margin of hindwing cloudy. Cilia brown. Underside uniformly brown without markings. This is one of the most remarkable of Australian Lycaenidce being quite destitute of markings below, and on the upperside reminding one of the Pierid genus Elodina. I think that in the future this species will have to be separated from Can- dalides-, though it has a similar neuration, the antennae are extremely short, being about \ length of costa. Holochila ecu- Tuleolactea, described by Dr. Lucas in a newspaper in Brisbane during 1891, is probably this species, but newspaper descrip- tions cannot be allowed to stand. Miskin gives Expedition Range near Rockhampton as the locality for this species, but all the other specimens have come from Stradbroke Island, More- ton Bay {$ 3, 9 2). Candalides erinus, Fabricius (Plate ii., figs. 17-18). Pap. erinus, Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 525, 1775; Don., Ins. New Holl. t. 31, f. 3, 1805; Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 162, 1878: Polyommatus snhpallidus, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. vi. p. 117, t. 6, f. 1-2, 1889. (J. 11-14 mm. (12). Upperside shining brown, with a slight purplish reflection, black outer margins much broader at apex of forewing. Cilia white. Underside. — Forewing greyish-white, discocellular bar if present very faint; discal band of interneural brown spots almost straight, beyond which the wing is much whiter; submarginal series of indistinct dark spots, of which the two towards angle 1 84 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPA LOCERA -. L YC.ESID.K, III. , are very large, I'oiind, and black, a black marginal line. Cilia white. Huidtviiui greyish-white, four subbasal small dark dots, second in cell; four crossing middle of cell, second in cell; a dis- cocellular streak, below which is another spot, a curved discal interneural series of wedge-shaped brown spots; submarginal series of indistinct wavy spots, often with a marginal series of blotches; a dark marginal line. Cilia white. 9. ll-lt mm. (13). Upper side uniform dull blackish- brown, sometimes, though rarely, showing a basal bluish tint. Cilia white. Underside as in (J. I have experienced great difficulty with this and the three following species which Miskin considered to be all the same. Druce* says that this is the small form, and the next species the large form of C. erinus, a statement which I hope to show is in- correct. The difficulty begins with the doubt as to which was the type of Fabricius, who described the wings as " supra fuscse, subtus cinereae." Butler in his paper on the Fabrician types states that the type is a female; this then must refer to the northern form (subpallidus) and not to the southern (Jiyacinthina). This view is further borne out by Donovan's figure which, if it is taken from the type, leaves no doubt that the type of C. ermus is the same species Dr. Lucas subsequently described as P. siib- jjallidus. I have tabulated the differences of this and the next species. C. erhins. C. hyacinthina. Average size . . ... $\'2 mm. 9 1 3 mm. (J 1 4 mm. 9 1 5mm. Costa of forewing ... arched ... ... nearly straight. Apex ... ... ... blunt ... ... acute. ()utermarginofforewing((^) convex ... ... straight. Cilia ... ... ... white ... ... greyish. Upperside (9) ... ... dull brown ... purple. Underside ... ... greyish- white ... grey. * P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 120. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 185 If the next species is the true C. erinus then Donovan and Semper are wrong, and suhpallidus must be the name for tliis insect, which ranges through North West and North Australia and Queensland, ])ut not into New South Wales (J 6, 9 3). Gandalides hyacinth ina, Semper (Plates ii., 20: iii., fig. ."3). Holochila hyacintMna, Semper, Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 1G2, 1878 : H. eriniis, Herr.-Schff. (nee Fabr.), Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1869, p. 75, t. 4, % 19; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 91, 1894: Cupiclo simplex, Tepp., Trans. Koy. Soc. S.A. p. 30, t. 2, fig. 10, 1882. (J. 13-15 mm. (14) Upperside uniform purplish, slightly shining, with brown outer margins. Cilia grey. Underside grey, discocellular streak of fore wing always present; markings as in C. erinus, somewhat larger and not differ- ing so much from groundcolour, two black spots of forewing not so clearly defined as in C. eri^ius. Cilia grey. 9. 13-16 mm. (15). Upperside. — Foreioing dark brown, with centrobasal area rich purple, of very variable extent, some- times occupying base and more than \ wing, extending to inner margin, sometimes reduced to a splash of purple between median and submedian nervures. Cilia grey. Hindiviiiy blackish-brown, with a variable purple area sometimes occup3dng the space between subcostal and submedian except outer margin, sometimes reduced to a basal splash. Cilia grey. U n d e r s i d e as in ^. This is the so-called large form of C. erinus, and is figured under that name by Herrich-Schafter, and Anderson and Spry. But Semper has shown that it is different from C. erinus, which has white cilia and less colour on the upperside. Loc. — West and South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane to Mackay. In Southern Queensland it is taken with C. erinus {$'20, 9 14). 186 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA: LYCflS ID.E, III., Candalides cyanites, Meyrick. Polyommatus cyanites, Meyr., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1887, p. 828 : Hoi. cyanites, Misk., Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 64, 1891. (J. 13-16 mm. (15). Upperside brilliant deep blue, -with costal and outer margins black. Cilia black, tipped with white. Underside as in C. hyacinthina, but with markings much obscured, and groundcolour darker; two black spots in angle of forewing prominent. Cilia dark grey. ^. 15mm. Upperside with outer margins rounder, the colour more restricted than in ^. Underside as in (J. This is closely allied to C. hyacinthina, but the margins are black and broader, the colour blue and brilliant, and not purple, the underside much darker. It appears to be a very rare species, and most of the known specimens are rather worn, showing much paler colouring. This species is the finest of the four allied forms. j^oc. — West Australia (Meyrick), South Australia (JNIacleay Coll.), Victoria (Lyell) {$ 3, 9 1). Candalides acasta, Cox (Plates ii., fig. 19; iii., fig. 7). Lye. acasta, Cox, Entom. iv. p. 402, 1873 : Hoi. anita, Semjj., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 163, 1878 : C. anita, Druce, P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 120: Lye. mcerens, Rosen., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvi. p. 377, 1885: Hoi mcerens. And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 92, 1894: Lye. canescens, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Whales, 1890, p. 35. (J. 11-13 mm. (12). Upperside purplish, with brown outer margins. Cilia in very fresh specimens brown, spotted with white. Underside dark grey, sometimes sprinkled with white, markings as in G. hyacinthina, but reduced to mere dark specks, indistinct, the dark spots at hinder angle of forewing never con- spicuous, usually represented by a blotch. A dark sufiusion on outer margin of hind wing near middle. Cilia dark grey. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 187 9. 10-13 mm. (12). Shape as in C. erinus Q. Uppers ide dark brown, with centrobasal areas rich purple, of very variable extent. Cilia white, spotted with brown. U n d e r s i d e as in ^, but sometimes with the addition of two black spots in cell of forewing. This species is of the size and shape of C. erinus: and of the colouration of C. hyacinthina on the ujDperside, but is quite dis- tinct from both on the underside, being darker, the wedge-shaped spots being replaced by black dots, and the two black spots of forewing being represented only by dark suffusions. It is found in the same localities and at the same time of the 3^ear as C. hyacinthina, otherwise it might easily be supposed to be a seasonal form of that species. Druce has shown that C. maerens must sink under G. aniUi : and an examination of Miskin's type of C. canescens from Tasmania, which is in rather poor condition, leaves no doubt as to this name having to sink. Cox thus describes his species : " Expanse 10 lines. Dark inky purple shot with copper colour. Underside grey, with several rows of indistinct brown spots. A large indistinct brown blotch near anal angle of both wings. Fringe unspotted." This, though a very poor description, can, I think, only refer to the species under consideration, which I know is taken in S. Australia, where Cox's type came from. The size he gives is considerably less than what he gives for C. heathi, so that it is scarcely likely he refers to C. hyacinihina, which is nearly as large as 0. heathi. I rather doubt Semper's locality' of Cape York. Log. — Tasmania, South West and South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales ((J 18, 9 8). Candalides cyprotus, Olliff (Plate iii., fig. 4). Chrysophanus cyj^rotus, OIL, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1885, p. 716 : Hoi. cyjorotus, Waterh., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 333: Hoi. purpurea, Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhop.Exot. pt. 39, pl.x. figs. 11, 12 (J, 1896. $. 13-18 mm. (15). U p p e r s i d e. —Forewing reddish-brown, with a coppery reflection except on costa, outer margin and 188 AUSTRALIAN JlUOPA LOCh'JlA .- LyCJ:MJ)J:, III., nei'vules; a central purplish-ljlack discal sexual mark. Cilia black, interiieurally tipped with grey. Himbving reddish-brown, witli a coppery reflection except on costa, outer and abdominal margins; base suffused with purplish-black. Cilia as in fore- wing. U n d e r s i d e. — Forewuu/ light brown, a discocellular dark streak, discal and submarginal series of interneural l^lackish spots- Cilia greyish. Hindwiiig light brown, dark spot in cell, central, discal and submarginal curved series of spots, innermost being less extensive. Cilia greyish, spotted with brown. 9. 14-20 mm. (16). U p p e r s i d e bright purple, with orange- brown costal and outer margins. Cilia as in jj. U n d e r s i d e as in (J. In some specimens the spots of the underside are as many as in C htjacinthina; in others the underside is almost without spots. I have already shown that H. purpurea is a synonym of this species, which is very distinct from all others of the genus. Specimens bred by Mr. Illidge, near Brisbane, are much larger than Sj'-dney specimens. Loc. — Sydney, Katoomba, Brisbane to Rockhampton (q 18, 9 7). Philiris, Bober. Tijdschr. Ent. xxxiv. p. 317; Exot. Schmett. Theil ii p. 273, 1892; Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 14, 1897. This genus, the type of which is P. ilias from Amboina, has a three-branched subcostal to the forewing, and the costal nervure is entirely free from the first subcostal, but is bent towards it. It is closely allied to C. xanthospilos^ but has an acute apex and a straight outer margin to the forewing, and the outer margin of hindwing is not nearly so evenly rounded. There is also a great resemblance to Pseitdodipsas. The Australian species may be recognised thus : — A. Underside white, with black spot on abdominal margin of hindwing. «. Upperside without white areas innotdtus. h. Upperside with white areas in both sexes Uamcrnn(jit\ BY G. A. VVATERIIOUSK. 189 B. Underside white, without black spot on abdominal margin of hindwing. a. Upperside in J with forewing purple, hindwing blue; in $ both wings blue hirandce. ?j. Upperside pale silvery blue nitens. Philiris innotatus, Miskin (Plate iii., %. 2). Pseudodipsas innotatus, Misk., Ent. Mo. Mag. 1874, jd. 165 : P. in^iotattis, Druce, P.Z.S. 19C2, ii. p. 115 : Pseud, ilias, Misk., (nee Feld.), Syn. Cat. Pvhop. Aust. p. 67, 1891 : P. ilias, Waterh., (nee Feld.), Proc. Linn. 8oe. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 652. ^.12-15 mm. (13); $. 12-15 mm. (13V This species may be recognised by the purple upperside in the male, and the brown upperside with pale blue eentrobasal area to forewing in female; on tlie underside both sexes are silky white, with a small black spot on abdominal margin. My males from Cape York have the dark borders on the upperside more developed and consequently the purple areas more restricted. In my former note I expressed a little doubt as to whether our species was synonymous with P. ilias, Felder, from Amboina; Druce has since shown that our insect is distinct. Zoc— Richmond River to Cape York (g 9, 9 10). Philiris kamerung^, VVaterhouse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 650. g. 12 mm.; $. 12-13 mm. This species may be recognised by the white areas in both sexes on both wings; on the upperside these areas are very vari- able but always smaller in ^ than in 5. Zoc— Cairns, Q. (g 1, 9 3). Philiris kurand^, Waterhouse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 651. (J. 14-15 mm.; Q. 14-16 mm. This species is recognised by the purple forewing and the blue hindwing in ^; the pale blue wings with wide borders in 9; the 190 AUSTRALIAN RUOPALOCERA : LYCEMD.E, III., underside of both sexes being silky white without markings. Holocliila fulgens, figured by Grose Smith k Kirby,* is an allied species. Zoc— Cairns, Q. {$ 3, 9 3). Philiris nitens, Grose Smith. Hoi. 7ute7is, G. Smith, Nov. Zool. v. p. 107, 1898; G. Smith & Kirby, Rhop. Exot. pt. 49, 1899. "(?• XJpperside. — Foreicing dull brown, with a basal pale silvery blue area extending along inner margin to three-quarters its length, extending obliquely upwards to the lower part of the cell and over the base of the two median nervules. Hindwing with the basal four-fifths pale silvery blue, the outer one-fifth being dull brown. Underside white. The apex of forewing and angle of hindwing acuminate, as in H. fulgens. • Hah. — N. Queensland. Exp. \\ in." The above is the description from the ' Rhopalocera Exotica '; the figure is rather purple than silvery-blue and less extensive than in P. innotatus, but I still doubt if it is quite distinct from that species; the figure is slightly smaller than in average P. innotatus ^ in my collection. PsEUDODiPSAS, Felder. Wien. Ent. Mon. iv. p. 243, 1860; (part) Hew., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 343. Forewing with a three-branched subcostal, first branch quite free from costal. Costa, outer and inner margins straight in .J, outer margin convex in 9, apex very acute in g. Hindvnng rather produced at anal angle, with three very short tail-like pro- jections, quite different from those of Lyccnesthes. Tj-pe, P. eone, Felder. This genus is allied to the C. absimilis group of Candalides, the main points of difference being the straighter costal and * Rhop. Exot. pt. 39, 1S97. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 191 outer margins, the more acute apex of forewing in .-J, and the produced, slightly tailled hindwing; the palpi are shorter in both sexes. I can recognise three Australian species as clearly belongin,"' to this genus, and liave included a fourth which appears to be best placed here, though it has a slightly different neuration and shape. The species may be thus distinguished : — A. Upperside of both sexes above blue, below grey cUgrjlesi. B. Upperside of ^ black; of $ brown, with outer ^ of hind- wing yellow, underside whitish eo)ie. C. Upperside of both sexes black, with centrobasal blue areas usually on forewing only, underside white fumiclus. D. Upperside brown, with basal blue areas in $ , underside brown hrishanensis. PsEUDODiPSAS EONE, Felder (Plate ii., figs. 14-15). Wien. Ent. Mon. iv. p. 243, 1860; Reise, Nov. Lep. ii. p. 258, t. 32, f. 8, 9, 1865; Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 164, 1878. t^. 12mm, Upperside. — Foreimng black, with a faint purplish sheen. Hindwing black, with a faint purplish sheen, three white submarginal spots between submedian nervure and first, second and median nervules; an interrupted marginal white line. Cilia white. Long white hairs on abdominal fold. Underside. — Foretving silvery white, with pale brown markings; one dark subbasal brown spot in cell, below which ex- ternal to cell is another dark spot; a light brown oblong spot in middle of cell, and a similar one at end of cell; a faint short sub- apical band and a submarginal band of pale brown spots; margin marked with brown, internal to which are brown suffusions. Cilia brown. Hindwing silvery white, with pale brown markings; a subbasal row of four brown spots darker than the rest, first above cell, second in cell, third below cell, fourth very close to inner margin; a pale brown spot in middle of cell above and below which are other spots, and one at end of cell; margin defined by a dark brown line, internal to which is a marginal series of 19-2 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPA LOCKllA : lA'C.KNlD.K, III., lunules, internal to which again is an irreguhir series of brown lines; between first and second median nervules a black spot, and at anal angle a similar smaller spot, both crowned with orange. Cilia brown. ^. 13 mm. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreiving brown, with faint white cilia. Ilindvnny brown, except for anal portion of outer margin, which is yellow; this yellow patch extending from a little beyond middle of outer margin nearly to anal angle, and inwards for about \ length of wiug; within the yellow patch two brown triangular spots, between submedian nervure and first and second median nervules; margin marked by a brown line, internal to which is an interrupted white line showing more conspicuously at the triangular brown spots. Cilia white. U n d e r s i d e as in ^ except for the difference in shape, and that the subbasal spots are the same colour as the remaining spots. Felder's figures of both sexes are very good. Log. — Cairns to Cape York {$ 1, 9, 1). PSEUDODIPSAS DIGGLESI, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 344; 111. Diurn. Lep. pp. 218, 219, pi. xxxix. f. 1-4, 1878. (J. 14-17 mm. (16). Outer margin of forewing very straight, tail-like projections of hindwing almost obsolete, but hindwing drawn out at anal angle. Upper sid e. — FovPAmng brilliant metallic blue, with brown costal and outer margins, widest at apex; nervules marked with brown. Cilia white. Rindiving brilliant blue, with broad brown costal, narrower outer, and pale brown abdominal, margins; sub- costal nervure marked with brown. Cilia white. U n d e r s i d e. — Forewing grey, with an elongate brown spot at end of cell, an interneural discal series of brownish spots, a submarginal series of small dark brown spots, the lowest much the largest. Cilia white. Hindiving grey, crossed by transverse series of spots; fi\'e round, subbasal; one above, tivo in, two below cell; a series of four crossing middle of cell, first narrow above, IJV G. A. WATEHIIOrSE. 193 second and third round, in cell; fourth round, below cell; an elongate spot at end of cell, below which is a round spot; a discal curved series of narrow spots, a submarginal interneural series of orange spots; more or less outwardl}' bordered with metallic green, a large black spot at termination of first median, a smaller spot at termination of submedian. Cilia white. 9. 14-18 mm. (17). Outer margin of forewing not nearly so- straight as in 9. Outer margin of hindwing much rounder. U p p e r s i d e pale blue, centrobasal areas with very l)road brown costal and outer margins, pale brown abdominal margin, nervules of both wings marked in brown. Cilia white. Under sid e. — Foreiving grey, spots as in $ with the addi- tion of a small brown spot in cell towards its end; submarginal series sometimes orange, sometimes faintly bordered outwardly with metallic green. Cilia white. Hindtving as in ^J, with sub- marginal orange series better developed, also more metallic scales,, dark terminations to all the median nervules. This magnificent insect nearly equals the metallic blue Ogyri,^ in splendour. It appears to vary very much in size but very little in colour; and I have seen some splendid specimens bred by Mr. F. P. Dodd at Townsville. Xoc— Brisbane to Cape York (^ 4, g 3)). PsEUDODiPSAS FUMiDUS, Miskin (Plate ii., figs. 12:13). Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. vi. 1889, p. 264. (J. 11-13 mm. (12). Upper sid e. — Foretvlng glossy black, with a metallic blue patch on basal half of inner margin extend- ing up to but not into cell, often much reduced in size so as to be nearly obsolete. Cilia short, brownish. Hindwing glossy black,. with a narrow interneural whitish line on outer margin and two- large jet black spots crowned with bluish. Cilia white. Underside. — Forewing silvery grey, marked with darker brown spots, first in cell subbasal, another below this external to cell, one elongate in middle of cell, an elongated spot outside cell below this, one large marking end of cell, below which is another; a rather broad discal series from costa to submedian, a 13 194 AUSTRALIAN RHOPALOCERA : LYC .ES ID.E, III., submarginal linear band. Cilia brown. Hindwing silvery gre}^ with brown spots, four subbasal, of which 2nd and 3rd are in cell, a fifth spot on abdominal margin, an elongate spot in middle of cell above and below which external to cell is another spot, a spot near costa at middle, a broad curved costal series, a submarginal lunular series, a small black spot near anal angle nearly surrounded with orange, another on margin between first and second medians, a brown marginal line internal to which is a white line and then a series of brownish blotches. Cilia brown. 9. 11-14 mm. (13). TJ ^^ qv ^ide, —Forewing black, with pale blue scales very variable in extent, sometimes only occupy- ing a small basal area between median and submedian nervures, at others occupying | of wing, leaving only a black costal and outer margin and a dark spot at end of cell. Cilia brown. Hindwing brownish-black, with a white interneural almost mar- ginal line, a submarginal series of bluish lunules which with the white line enclose darker spot-like areas, cell often with a very small splash of metallic scales, rarely a blue suffusion over most of wing. Cilia white. Underside as in ^J, except that the spots are more distinct and the subbasal spot in cell of forewing is often split up into two. This is a very variable species, the type male apparently having more blue than any male I have seen; but this is not surprising, as the three males in my collection all vary in that direction, but usually the female has more blue than the male. As in several other of our Lyccp.nidce, the male is much the rarer. Zoc. —Richmond River, N.S.W., to Cairns, Q. {$ 3, 9 6). PSEUDODIPSAS BRISBANENSIS, Miskin. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 18S4, p. 95 : Lyc.cyHliLs, And. k Spry, Vict. Nat. 1897, pp. 5-7. J. 12 mm. Forewing with, costa and outer margin straight, apex acute; three subcostal nervules, 1st entirely free from costal, upper discoidal given off from subcostal well after and not at end of cell as in the other three species. Hindioing \ BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 195 somewhat produced but not so distinctly tailled as in the other species. Upper side uniform shining brown, with dark outer mar- ginal lines; hind wing with two black spots near anal aiif^le separated from black marginal line by a pale blue line. Cilia brown. U n d e r s i d e. — Forewing brown, with slightly darker spots and bands faintly margined with white, 1st in cell subbasal, I'nd in middle of cell long, below which external to cell is another, an elongated spot at end of cell, a spot below lower angle of cell, a transverse discal series and a subraarginal series of dots. Cilia brown. Hindwing brown, crossed by darker bands and spots, a subbasal row of three, above, in middle of, and below cell, a row of four crossing m'iddle of cell, two above, one elongate in middle, one below cell, an elongate spot at end of cell, below which is another; a curved discal series, and a submarginal row of dark lunules; two black spots near anal angle crowned with orange and separated from outer margin by a white line. Cilia brown. 9. 11-15 mm. (13). Outer margin of forewing convex. Hind- wing somewhat quadrate. Upper side. — Foreiuing smoky black, with a dark spot at end of cell, centrobasal area between subcostal and inner margin blue, in some specimens much restricted. Cilia brown. Hind- wing smoky black, with centrobasal area between subcostal and submedian usually but not always suffused with blue scales, two (sometimes three or four) black spots on outer margin near anal angle, often crowned above with blue and separated from outer margin by a blue line which extends along outer margin. Cilia brown. Underside as in (J, but often with an outer marginal band of rather obscure orange spots on the hindwing. Log. — Victoria, Sydne}^, Brisbane. I have a female in which the outer margin of hindwing comes down straight from apex to 1st median, and then, turning nearly 1 90 AUSTK ALIAN nilOPA U)CKi:A : L yCJ:.\ I D.K, III., at right angles, runs to the anal angle; in another female the outer margin is rounded. Miskin's type is a ver}' large female, and is rather more highly coloured than southern specimens; but from an examination of it, I am certainly of opinion that the Victorian species is the same. Mr. Illidge has compared my specimens with the type, and they are almost identical on the underside ((J 1, 9 ^)- Lyc.enestiies, ]\Ioore. P.Z.S. 1865, p. 773; Trimen, South Afr. Butt. ii. p. 93, 1887; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 127, 1890. In this genus, the type of which is L. emolus, Godt., (Z. ben- yalensis, Moore) there are three subcostal nervules, the first being entirely free from the costal nervure. On the hindwing there are three highly ciliated short tail-like appendages from the sub- median nervure and the 1st and 2nd median nervules: these ciHa are very often broken off in cabinet specimens. The genus is somewhat allied to JS'acaduha, and has a some- what similar scheme of markings on the underside. Miskin lists five species in his Catalogue, of which L. turneri must sink under L. ijode(f'roi/i, and L. phaseli (as determined by Miskin, not of Mathew) is possibly the same insect as Semper records under L. baUiston. L. hypolenca, Prittw., I have placed among reputed Australian species, for reasons I will discuss later; it most cer- tainly would not come into this genus. L. tasmanicns, Misk., is the male of the insect recorded by Semper as Lam. palmyra, Feld., which is certainly very distinct from I^. lineata, Murray, and should be placed under Xacaduba. The species may be recognised as follows :— A. S • Apex of f orewing and outer margin of hindwing rounded; upperside dull purplish-bkie emobis. B. (^ . Apex of forewing acute, outer margin of hindwing nearly straight. a. ^. Bright purplish-bUie modestns. h. cT . Lilac-bkic goiletfroyi. }5Y <;. A. WATERHOUSE. 1<)7 The general pattern of the underside is as foUowH : — Underside. — Forewiny brown or grey, with a sliglitly darker spot boi-dered with white at end of cell, a discal series of similar spots from near costa to siibmedian; an outer marginal lunular l^and, internal to which is a brownish band of suffusions; a dark marginal line. Ilindwiiig concolorous with forewing, crossed by similar spots; a subbasal row of three crossing middle of cell, one elongate marking end of cell, a curved discal row from costal nervure to inner margin; outer marginal lunular band as in forewing; a jet black spot on margin between first and second medians, crowned with orange; a dark marginal line, three short tails to first and second medians and submedian composed of a few lengthened cilia. Lyc.enestiies emolus, Godart. Poly, emolus, Godt., Enc. Meth. ix. ^. 656, n. 133, 1823: Lyccen. emolus, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 128, 1890: Lam. halliston, Hiibn.,Zutr. Exot. Schmett. figs. 229, 230, 1823: {%)Lam. haUiston, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 165, 1878: L. hengalensis, Moore, P.Z.S. 1865, p. 773, pi. xli. fig. 9. (J. 15 mm. Forewiny with costa gently arched, apex rounded, outer margin slightly convex, inner margin straight. U p p e r s i d e dull purplish-blue, with a dark marginal line; costal and abdominal margins of hindwing brown, an indistinct black spot at anal angle, three finely ciliated white tails. Cilia brown. Underside brown, spots slightly darker brown bordered with white, situated as in general description, a splash of orange between jet black marginal spot and anal angle; a small black sp)t on abdominal margin towards base. Cilia brown. 9. Upper side pale purplish-brown, with a suffused bluish patch at base; outer margins suffused with darker brown. Hind- winy with an inner narrow white outer marginal line. U n d e r s i d e. — Both wings as in ^. 198 AUSTRALIAN lUlOPALOCERA -. LYC.flNIDJ:, III., This species may be recognised by the rounded apex of fore- wing, and outer margin of hind wing. In spite of the Australian records of de Niceville and Druce* for this species, I always supposed they referred to the next species, until I received a single male from Mr. Lower, which agrees exactly with the various descriptions of L. emolus, and also with an Indian speci- men (^) in the Macleay Museum. Lycenesthes modestus, n.sp. (Plate iii., fig. 38). L. phaseli, Misk., (nee Math.), Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 59, 1S91. (J. 12-15 mm. (H). Forewlng withcosta nearly straight, apex acute, outer margin straight. Upperside shining purplish-blue, with dark marginal lines; costal and abdominal margins brown; iwo jet black interneural spots near anal angle, three short white ciliated tails. Cilia brown, white near anal angle of hindwing. Underside greyish-brown, with slightly darker spots as in general description. A brown spot on abdominal margin near base. Cilia brown. Q. 12-15 mm. (li). Shape somewhat as in (J, but outer margin of forewing more convex and outer margin of hindwing rounded. Upperside brown, slightly darker towards margins, with centrobasal areas suffused with blue. Anal angle wiih two interneural black spots, crowned with white which sometimes extends further along outer margin; an outer marginal black line to hindwing. Cilia brown. Underside as in g. This, the commonest of the genus in Australia, has been known as Li/ccenesthes phaseli, but Mr. Druce has clearly shown f that Mathew's Lampides phaseli belongs to the genus Jamides and so has one moderate filamentous tail. Mathew, however, makes no mention of a tail or tails, and his description might well answer *P.Z.S. 1891, p. 358. tP.Z.S. 1892, p. 443. BY G. A. WATERHOUSK. 199 for several of the Australian LycoenidcB. With reference to Lye. lyccvnoides, Feld., of which the underside of the male is figured by Felder, and the female by Hewitson, I should certainly say it is not Lye. eniolus, Godt., but rather approaches, if it is not identical with, the species herein described. Z(>c'.— Mackay to Cape York, Thursday Island (^ 10, 9 G). Lyc^nesthes godeffroyi, Semper. Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 165, 1878 : L. tumeri, Miskin, Proc. Linn. 80c. N.S. Wales, (2) v. p, 39, 1890; de Nicev., Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii. p. 146, pi. Z, figs. 23, 24, 1898. ^. 13-1 4 mm. (14). Shape as in L. modestus, but rather more produced at anal angle. Upper side uniform lilac-purple, with narrow dark outer margins, three short white ciliated tails. Cilia brown. Underside greyish, with spots and bands as in general description, well bordered with white; colour of spots not markedly different from groundcolour; outer marginal lunular bands well developed. Cilia brown. 9. 15-16 mm. (15). Shape as in L. modestus 9. Uppersid e. — Forewing black, with centrobasal area broadly blue, a large white blotch just beyond lower end of cell. Hindwbuj light whitish-violet, the nervules well marked in brown; outer marginal line black, internal to which is an interneural white line, then an interneural series of whitish-violet lunules situated in a broad black outer margin. Cilia white. Underside as in (J, but disc much whiter, the white spot of forewing showing on underside. This species lacks the dark spot on the abdominal margin on underside usually found in L. eniolus and L. modestus, in this particular agreeing with the Indian L. lyccanina, Feld., to which in several respects the male is allied. Dr. Staudinger"^ figures under the name Psendodipsas lycce- noides, Feld., a male somewhat allied to this species; and he * Exot. Schmett. p. 273, t. 94, 1888. 200 AUSTRALIAN J'J/OPA LOCHIIA : lA'C .KS I D .K, III., remarks that he has specimens from Australia whicli he considers to be varieties of L. lycamoides; but whetlier lie refers to this or the preceding species I am unable to sa}'. Loc. — Mackay to Cape York, Port Darwin {$ 4, 9 2). PoLYOMMATUS, Latreille. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. p. 206, 1809; Moore, Lep. Cey. i. p. 93, 1881; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 203, 1890. As restricted by Moore and de Niceville, this genus has the forewing triangular, the subcostal with three branches, the first of which is quite free from the costal nervure; and the hind wing has a long filamentous tail to the first median nervule. Type P. hiEticus, Linn. The genus now comprises one, almost world-wide species, though there seems little to separate it from such a species as Catochry- ^oj^s strabo, Fabr. PoLYOMMATUS BcETicus, Linn. (Plate iii., fig. 11). Pap. bceticus, Linn., 8yst. Nat. ed. xii. i, p. 789, 1767 : Poly, hfjeticus, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 204, t. 27, tig. 190, 1890: Lampides bmtiais, And. tt Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 84, 1894: : Pa2}. damoetes, Fabr., Syst. Ent. p. 526, 1775; Don., Ins. New Holl. pi. xxxi. fig. 2, 1805. (J. 12-17 mm. (15). U p p e r s i d e violaceous, blue at base, with a covering of long bluish hair-like scales, costal and outer margin brown, a round black caudal spot, another at anal angle; tail black, tipped with white. Cilia w^hite. Underside. — Forewiny light brown, crossed by linear brown fasciae margined with white; a straight .submarginal white fascia from near apex to submedian. Cilia whitish, lliiidioing light brown, basal § crossed b}' narrow^ irregular white lines, a broad white straight discal band, caudal and anal spots jet black, sprinkled with metallic green scales, and crowned with orange. Cilia whitish. 9. 12-17 mm. (15). Up per side light brown with centro- basal areas bluish, of very variable extent, hindwing often with BY G. A. WATEHHOUSE. 201 two iiKlistiiict submargiiia] whitish bands, caudal and anal l)lack .spots circled witli white. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia white. U n d e r side as in ^, but often a spot below cell of forewing. Papilio coluf.heffi, Fuess., F. arch las, Cram., and P. pisontyn are synonyms. This is a variable and widespread species, but can be easih' recognised by the straight white discal fasciae of the underside. It occurs throughout Australia, and is one of the few Lycwnidcf' that is found up to 500 miles from the coast [^ 30, 9 -^OY Catociirysops, Boisduval. Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 87, 1832; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 175, 1890 : Eitchrysops, Butl., Entom. xxxiii. p. 1, 1900. In this genus the subcostal has three branches, the costal nervure is bent down so as almost to touch the first subcostal but is not anastomosed with it, the hind wing is provided with a filamentous tail to the first median. Type C. straho, Fabr. Butler has separated C. cn^jus and C pandara, placing them in a new genus Euchri/sops. A. Hindwing with outer margin nearly straight platissn. B. Hindwing with outer margin round cnejiis. Catochrysops platissa, Herrich-SchafFe Lf/caeaa platissa, Herr.-Schff , Stett. Ent. Zeit, xxx. p. 74, pL iv. fig. 20, 1869 : C. platism, Druce, P.Z.S. 1891, p. 369 : Lampides kandarpa, Semper (nee Horsf.), Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 158, 1878 : Lam. litharyyria, Moore, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 3-1-0, 1877: C. lifhanjyria, de Xicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 178, 1890 : C. straho, auctorum nee Fabr. (J. 11-15 mm. (13). Shape and neuration nearly as in 1'. boeticus. Upper side greyish-whitish-blue, with narrow black outer margins, a round jet black caudal spot, a black mark at anal angle; tail filamentous, black, tipped with white. 202 AUSTRALIAN RllOPALOCERA ■.LYC.KyiDJ:, III., Underside greyish-white crossed by sHghtly darker bands well bordered with white. Fovdwing with a short discocellular band, a long curved discal band, often an indistinct spot on costa between these bands, outer marginal lunular bands indistinct. Cilia whitish. Hindtving with three subbasal spots, middle one in cell, a short discocellular, a long curved discal band with 1st spot nearer base than 2nd, outer marginal bands indistinct, caudal spot black, crowned with orange, anal spot black. Cilia whitish. 9. 11-15 mm. (14). Shape as in ^. TJpperside brown, centrobasal areas blue, variable in extent; outer margin of hindwing with two whitish interneural lunular bands, caudal spot black, crowned with yellow. Cilia whitish. Tail black, tipped with white. Underside as in ^J. This species is allied to C. strabo, Fabr., indeed the females of the two are said to be identical; the typical lilac-blue male of that species, however, has not yet been recorded from Australia. On the upperside the female very closely resembles Nacaduha ancyra 9- De Niceville determined Australian specimens as C. Jithargyria but that name must give way to C. platissa; for Herrich-KSchaffer's type (9) came from Australia, where C. straho does not occur; so that C. platissa cannot be a synonym of that species. Log. — Brisbane to Cape York, North and North-West Austra- lia {$ 10, 9 3). Catochrysops cnejus, Fabricius (Plate iii., fig. 10). Ilesperia cnejus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppt. p. 430, 1798 : 6'. cnejus, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 178, 1890: Lye. samoa, Herr.- Scbff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxx. pi. iv. f. 18, p. 37, and p. 138, 1869. (J. 11-16 mm. (14). Upperside uniform pinkish-blue, with greyish-brown outer margins, two black spots at anal angle of hindwing. Tail brown, tipped with white. Cilia white. Underside. — Foreiving grey, with a darker discocellular spot bordered with white, a discal band of five or six similar spots, outer margin with a double indistinct brownish band. BY G. A. WATEKHOUSE. 203 Cilia white. Hindiviiuj grey, with discocellular spot and curved discal band as in forewing, a small black subbasal spot in cell, above which near costa is another; a third near costa at middle, two black spots near anal angle, sprinkled with metallic green and crowned with orange, outer marginal double band as in fore- wing. Cilia white. 9. 13-16 mm. (15). Upperside. — Forewing light brown, with darker discocellular spot, centrobasal area pale blue, extend- ing half into and beyond cell, and to inner margin; near angle sometimes a faint trace of a light submarginal band. Cilia white, Hindwimj light brown, with centrobasal area of variable pale blue, outer margin with five white circles enclosing darker colour, the two nearest anal angle being black crowned with orange, sometimes a discal seriespf interneural white wedge-shaped spots. Cilia white. Underside as in ^. Loc. — Richmond River to Cape York ((3 13, 5 ^)- Lucia, S wainson. Zool. 111. Ins. ii. p. 135, 1832 ; (part) Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 501, 1850-2. Foreiving with costa, outer and inner margins nearly straight, apex acute in $, outer margin convex, apex blunt in 9. Costal nervure ending on costa about end of cell, entirely free from 1st subcostal; subcostal nervure three-branched, upper discoidal emitted from subcostal some distance after end of cell. Birid- ruing in type species rounded in both sexes, in the others drawn out to a blunt tail in ^ only. Type L. lucanus, Fabr. 8wainson described this originally as a subgenus to include L. limbaria (■= L. lucanus) only. Westwood extended the genus, including L. epius, Westw., since made the type of Spalgis by Moore, a genus which Miskin sinks under Lucia; but from an examination of the type species, -S*. epiiis from Ceylon, I can trace no generic reseml^lance to Lucia. Of the species I i-efer here, L. pyrodiscus was so placed by Rosenstock; but L. aurifer was 204 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPA IJH'KIIA : LVC.KM D.K, 111., referred to CJLnjsophamts hy Semper, and Miskin who also included his C. aenea { = L. piji-odiscics) there. After a very careful study of de Niceville's remarks on Chry soph anus, and also many species, including tlie type C. phleas from Europe and N. America, I cannot place our other two species in that genus, for in Chrijsophanus the upper discoidal is given off from or very near to end of cell, while in L. aurifer and especially in L. pyro- discus, the upper discoidal is given oft' well beyond the end of cell as in L. hccamis. This genus contains the Australian repre- sentatives of the "Coppers," which may be thus distinguished: — A. Upperside with copper area on forewing only, hindwing rounded in both sexes ... luc(nius. B. Upperside with copper area on both wings; hindwing in J^ prolonged into a blunt tail, in $ rounded. (I. Copper area on hindwing definite; size small aurifer. b. Copper area on hindwing suffused, ill-defined, often want- ing; size much larger pyrodiscns. Lucia lucanus, Fabricius (Plate iii., fig. 21). llesperla lucanus, Fabr., Ent. Syst. iii. p. 322, 1793 : Pap. lu- canus, Don., Ins. Ind. t. 43, f. 4, 1800 : L. lucanus, And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 81, 1894 : L. limbaria, Swains., Zool. 111. Ins. ii. t. 135, 1832 : Ghrysophanus disclfer, Herr.-Schfi'., Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 72, t. 4, f. 21, 1869; Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. p. 29, t. 11, f. 14,15, 1882. $. 9-13 mm. (11); 9. 10-15 mm. (13). Antennfe about ^ length of costa. This is an easily recognised species, with a well defined coppery area on forewing in ^, and a variable coppery suft'usion in 9. The underside is marked with Ijrown spots and white blotches. Cilia well spotted. Loc. — South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane to Mackay. Lucia aurifer, Blanchard. ryda aurifer, Blanch., Voy. Pole Sud, t. 3, f. 13, 14, 1853 : Chrysophauus aurifer. And. k Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 82, 1894 . LJV (i. A. WATERIIOUSE. 20.") Thecla limharla, Blanch., (nee Swainson), A^oy. Pole 8u(l, p. 400, 1853. (J. 10-13 mm. (12). Foreivluf/ with apex pointed, outer mari^nn straight. Hiiidwimj witli anal angle prolonged into a ])lunt tooth. Antennae more than h length of costa. Up per side. — Foreiving black; with a central triangular copper patch wholly below cell, extending to inner margin, base black. Cilia whitish, faintly chequered, Hindvnny black, with a discal triangular coppery patch rarely entering cell, an almost marginal interneural series of metallic Ijlue lines, sometimes wanting. Cilia brown. Underside. — Forewing pale brown, with darker brown spots arranged as in L. lucanus with the addition of a subbasal spot below cell, not mottled with white. Cilia brown. Hindwing pale brown, with a complicated system of purplish-brown spots of which the curved discal series is very broad and purple; tooth- like tail often showing a ferruginous tint. Cilia brown. 9. 10-16 mm. (13V Forewing with outer margin convex, apex blunt. Hindwing without projecting tooth, outer margin rounded and slightly waved. Upper sid e. — Foreiving dark brown, with a ver}' variable coppery patch rarely entering cell, sometimes reaching inner margin. Cilia brown. Hindvnng dark brown, with a verv variable coppery patch never reaching cell or outer margin, a marginal interneural series of l)luish- white spots. Cilia brown. Underside yellowish-brown, with dark faintl}' purpli.'-h- brown spots as in (J, but with discal band of hindwing not so prominent. Cilia brown. This species is distinguished from L. pi/rodiscus hy its smaller size, and better defined and more restricted darker copper}' areas which rarely reach either into cell or to outer margin, and by the outer marginal bluish-white series of lines. Log. — South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New South AVales to Newcastle ((J 16, 9 11). 206 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPALOCERA : LYC .F.S ID.E, III., Lucia pyrodiscus, Rosenstock (Plates ii., tigs. '22, 23; iii., h"g. 27). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xvi. p. 377, 1885 : Chrysophanus mnea, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 33; And. Sl Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 83, 1894. (^. 13-15 mm. (14). Shape as in L. auri/er ^. Up per side. — Fore iviiig d-Avk brown, with a large triangular <:;entrobasal golden spot occupying at least J cell and reaching inner margin, a dark spot marking end of cell, base in some directions brown. Cilia brownish. Hindvnng with upper half brown, lower half golden with dark brown margin, tooth-like tail brown, abdominal fold paler brown. Cilia brown. Underside pale brown, with a purplish sheen, and a com- plicated series of indistinct spots and bands much as in L. aurifer, but the discal series are very indistinct, outer margins without purplish sheen. Cilia brown. 9. 11-17 mm. (15). Shape as in L. OAtrifer 9. U p p e r s i d e. —Foreioing brown, with a large centi-al dull golden spot, \'ery variable, sometimes reaching to base and inner margin, usually extending into cell. Cilia brown. Hindwing with upper half brown, lower half irregularly dull golden, a dark outer marginal line, and three dark irregular interneural spots towards anal angle, golden area sometimes restricted to a faint suffusion, more noticeable on the nervules. Cilia brown. Underside yellowish to purplish-brown, richer at outer margins, with spots and bands reduced to double wavy lines. Cilia brown. This is a variable species, especially the female. It may be distinguished from L. aurifer by its larger size, paler coppery colour, usually extending into cell, and the more uniform under- side. I have for some time been of opinion that Miskin redescribed Rosenstock's species: and Dr. Lucas, from whom Rosenstock received his species, assures me that this is the case. Rosenstock unfortunately mentions neither sex, size nor shape; but I do not think his description can stand for L. aurifer as Miskin supposed, BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 207 for Rosenstock must have been acquainted with the figure of L. aurifer if not with specimens; he notes his species (which I should say was a male as he gives the name as an MS. name of Newman's in British Museum with the male sign) as deep firy golden metallic, but neither mentions the bluish outer marginal marks on the upperside nor the distinct discal band of the underside of hind wing which are characteristics of L. aurifer, The clubs of antennae are given as black, brownish-red at tips and underneath, which is a character of C. cemea but not of L. aurifef. Loc. — -Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane to Bowen (^J 14, 9 !*)• Tarucus, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p. 81, 1881 ; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 186, 1890. Costal nervure short, taking a sudden bend downwards towards 1st subcostal nervule which, however, in the single Australian species, it does not touch; subcostal nervure 3-branched. Eyes smooth in the type, T. theophrastus, Fabr. ; hairy in 2\ felicanus. The species of this genus are easily recognised by the mark- ings of the underside, w^hich in the Australian species are arranged in alternate broad and narrow bands at right angles to the costa. In Australia, in my opinion, there is only a single variable species, which has passed under many names, causing some confusion, so I have tried to give as full and detailed a description as possible. Tarucus telicanus, Lang. Pap. telicanus, Lang, Verz. sein. Schmett. ii. p. 47, 387-389, 1789 : Lye. tdicanus, Trimen, S. Afr. Butt. ii. p. 69, 1887 [where many references may be found] : Hesj)eria plinius, Fabr., Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 284, 1793 : Tarucus plinius, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 194, 1890 [where many references may be found] : Li/c. pseudocassius, Murray, Ent. Mo. Mag. x. p. 108, 126, 1873: Lye. pulchra. Murray, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 524, pi. x. f. 7, 8 : Lampides hyrcanus, Semp. (nee Feld.), Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 157, 1878. 208 AUSTRALIAN liUOrALOCKllA: LYCJ'.S I D.I': III., (J. ll-l-t 11)111. {^'^)- Forewiiig with costa very gently arched, outer margin convex. Hlndwing with outer margin rounded, a short tail to the extremity of 1st median nervule. Upperside. — Forewlag pale purplish, with a veiy narrow brown costal margin, a somewhat broader brown outer margin; base of wing dark blue. Cilia pale. Hiyidvnng pale purplish, with a broad pale brown costal margin, a somewhat narrower darker brown outer margin, the dark spots of underside sometimes showing through ; base dark blue. Tail short, brown, tipped with white. Cilia pale brown. Underside. — Forevnag whitish, with a numVjer of dark brown bands, mostly transverse, irregularl}^ sinuated, variable in size. Costa whitish, especially at base, below this a dark brown bar from base to middle of costa, below this a triangular brown spot; of the six transverse bands 1, 3 and 5 are usually broader and darker than 2, 4 and 6; a submarginal wavy brown line within which is a series of brown spots. Outer margin marked with a dark line. Cilia pale brown, faintl}'" spotted. Hindtving with pattern as in forewing but not so defined into bands; they may be described as three broad dark brown bands surrounded markedly with white, the intervening spaces more or less filled with paler brown; base of costa white; a dark brown blotch at apex, marginal series of interneural brown spots crowned with brown, those on either side of base of tail jet black crowned with pale orange and sprinkled with metallic green, a narrow marginal brown line. Cilia brownish. Tail brown, tipped with white. 9. 11-14 mm. (13). Shape as in $ except that the outer margin is more convex. U p p e r s i d e. — Foreiving with broad brown costal and outer margins, basal area of wing shining blue extending more or less across wing, inner margin brown; central area marked with sub- quadrate white spots, sometimes suff'used with bluish, first situated in lower outer corner of cell; below it another; a third well beyond cell largest; there is also a discal series of five or six, all small. In worn specimens the appearance is of four (or five) large brown spots standing in a whitish suffusion. Cilia pale. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 209 Iliudwing blackish-brown, with blue basal area extending more or less across wing, a discal series of five (or six) small white spots; a marginal series of interneural dark spots faintly sur- rounded with white, those near anal angle being the largest; tail short, black, tipped with white. Cilia whitish. Underside as in (J. T have before me a large series of specimens from Southern Queensland, which I find to be variable, especially on the under- side. I have also specimens from South Africa and Ceylon {T. plinius), which are identical with some of the Australian speci- mens. The late Mr. de Niceville was of opinion that all these belonged to one species. Druce remarks (P.Z.S 1892, p. 445) " Mr. Miskin considers the Australian insect should stand under the name pseudocassiics, Murray; such being the case, he must admit that 1\ pU}iius and T. pseitdocassius occur together, as we possess specimens from India and Africa agreeing exactly with others from Australia." There is no doubt to my mind that there is only a single Australian species, which ranges from Sydney to Bowen {$ 17, $12). Chilades, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p. 76, 1881; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 88, 1890. " Fore wing, costal nervure terminating just before apex of discoidal cell, slightly bent downwards or bowed just before its termination; first subcostal nervule bent upwards to meet that portion of costal nervure which is bent downwards. . . . Type C. laiuSj Cram. " The genus is a very poor one, and can only be maintained for convenience, as, as far as I can discover, it does not differ struc- turally in the slightest degree from Lyccena, Fabr." (de Niceville). The genus Lyccena as restricted by de Niceville has so far not been found in Australia. Chilades trochilus, Freyer. Lye. trochilus, Frey., Neu. Beit. Schmett. v. p. 98, pi. ccccxl. f. 1, 1844; Herr.-Schft-., Schmett. Eur. i. p. 128, pi. xlviii. f. 224, 14 210 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPALOCERA : LYC.r.yiD.f:, III., 225 (J, pi. xlix. f. 226 9, 1844: C. trochilus, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 91, 1890: Lye. puili, Koll, Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv. pt. 2, p. 422, 1848 : Semp., Journ. Mus. Godf. xiv. p. 160, 1878 : Lye. isophthalma, Herr.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 73, 1869 : Lye. parva, Murray, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 526, pi. x. f. 1 : Lye. ynoma, Snellen, Tijdschr. Ent. xix. p. 159, pi. vii. f. 1, 1876. (J. 8-9 mm. (9), 9. 9 mm. This species is immediately recog- nised by its small size and brown colour on the upperside. The outer margin of the hindwing on the underside is marked by six large black spots, the first and last often quite obscured with metallic green scales. The Australian form appears to be identical with that of the Old World, but if future entomologists wish to consider it different, the name C. isophthalma, Herr.-Schff., from Rockhampton, must be used. Loe. — Rockhampton to Cairns ((J 8, 9 1). ZizERA, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p. 78, 1881; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 110, 1890. Forewing small, costa gently arched, apex blunt, outer margin slightly convex, inner margin straight; subcostal with three branches, 1st strongly bent upwards to touch costal nervure but not connected therewith. Hindwing with outer margin rounded, 2nd median given off at lower end of cell. No tail. Type Z. minima {--^ Z. alsus). The neuration in this genus does not markedly differ from that of Lyccena, Chilades, and Cyaniris, except perhaps that the second median of hindwing is given off at the end of cell, instead of before it as in those genera; but by their small size and inconspicuous markings the species can be easily recognised. The males are usually a dull blue, with brown margins; and the females greyish- brown, with blue suffusions on the upperside, but they are variable and are best distinguished by the underside. BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE, 2 1 1 A. Two spots in cell of fore wing on underside delosijila. B. One spot in cell of forewing on underside lysimon. €. No spot in cell of forewing on underside. a. Almost without markings; no, one or two black spots at anal angle aUulu^. b. Markings on underside pale brown lahradus. c. Markings on underside blackish gaiha. The markings of the underside consist of a curved discal inter- neural series, and an elongate spot at end of cell in each wing; and a subbasal row of three or four spots on hind wing. ZiZERA DELOSPILA, n.sp. (Plate ii., fig. 5). Antenna? brown, ringed with white. Thorax and abdomen above brown, below white. Forewiny with costa much arched, apex blunt, outer margin convex. Hindwing with outer margin round. Upper side. — Both wings uniformly brown, with brown cilia, markedly spotted with white. Underside. — Forewing white, with very conspicuous dark brown spots, two placed in cell, one towards base, the other a little beyond middle; below this spot external to cell another spot; an elongate spot marking end of cell, and a discal series of five interneural spots; a small brown spot on costa above this series towards base. A submarginal interneural series of six white splashes, internal to which is a brown suffusion widest near angle; margin marked by a brown line. Cilia white, spotted with brown. Hindwimg white, marked by dark brown spots; three basal, middle one in cell; four subbasal, 1st above, 2nd in middle of, 3rd and 4th below cell; an elongate spot marking end of cell, and a discal series of seven interneural irregular spots; a submarginal series of interneural lighter brown less distinct spots; the nervules for some distance marked with brown; a brown marginal line. Cilia white, spotted with brown. Type in Macleay Museum from N.W. Australia ; length of costa of forewing about 1 2 mm. This very distinct species is represented by a single specimen ($ ?) in the Macleay Museum, and with some little doubt ma}'- be 2 1 2 AUSTEALIAN JillOPA LOCKUA : /> YC.i:y I D.r,. III., referred to this genus, a unique specimen, however, not admitting of a very careful structural examination. It approaches more nearly to the genus Lycfena than to any other AustraHan species of Zizfva. It ma}" easily be recognised by the spotted fringes, and the white underside with the very conspicuous brown spots, two of which are placed in the cell of forewing. It is quite dis- tinct from any described Australian species, nor have I seen any other form at all apj^roaching it. ZiZEKA LYSIMOX, Hiibuer. Flip, li/aimon, Hiibn., Eur. Schmett. i. pi. cv, figs. 534, 535, 1798-1803; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 116, pi. xxvi. fig. 173, 1890: Lye. knysna, Trimen, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 282. (J. 10-11 mm. .Shape and nenration as in Z. lahradns. Upper side purple-brown, with a silky gloss, outer margins and costal margin of hind wing rather broadl}" dark brown. Cilia brown. U n d e r s i d e. — Forewing greyish- white, spots black margined with white, one in cell, one at end of cell; discal row of six larger, one on costa nearer base than discal row; two rows of marginal brown lunules. Cilia greyish. Hiruhving greyish- white, spots as in forewing, subbasal row of four, one at end of cell, a curved discal series of seven, outer marginal hmules as in forewing. Cilia grej^ish. Q. 12 mm. Shape and neuration as in $. IT p p e r s i d e as in (^, with broader margins, coloured areas with a blue tint. Underside as in $ . This species is closely allied to Z. gaika, from which it may be distinguished by its larger size and the presence of the cell spot on underside of forewing. Lor. — Pvichmond River to Cape York; Port Darwin (^J 12, 9 2). ZiZERA ALSULUS, Herricli-Schaffer (Plate ii., fig. 10). Lye. alsidiis, Herr.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1869, p. 75; Semper, Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 160, 1878 : Lye. hdu, Math., Trans. Ent. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 213 Soc. 1889, p. 312 : Z. hdu, Druce, RZ.S., 1892, p. 43G, pl.xxvii. fig. 2 [non Lye. lulu, Misk., Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 59, 1891] : L}jG. exills, (nom.prseocc.) Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld.,1889, p. 159, figs. 13-15: Lye. gracilis, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 37 : Lye. exiloides, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. 1894, p. 47. ^. 8-11 mm. (10). Neuration as in Z. lahradus, shape some- wliat similar but apex blunter. Upperside dull purplish, with a broad brown outer margin to forewing, widest at apex; a narrower uniform brown outer margin to hindwing. Cilia grey. Underside silvery grey, with faint outer marginal bands on outer margins, one jet black spot on outer margin near anal angle (sometimes none, sometimes two). Tilia grey. 9. 7-11 mm. (10). Neuration and shape as in ^. Upperside greyish-brown, with a very variable metallic bluish reflection on centrobasal areas of both wings. Cilia white. Underside as in (J, but outer marginal bands better defined. This little species may be instantly recognised by the almost total absence of markings on the underside. The synonymy of this species is very complicated, almost with- out reason, for both Herrich-SchafFer and Semper distinctly state that the underside is without markings except for the black marginal spot of hindwing. The difficulty Butler and Druce experienced was, that the British Museum contained a single female received from the Godeffroy Museum labelled L. alsulus, which was in reality Z. labradus; but it is impossible to make Herrich-Schaffer's original description agree with any sj^ecimen of Z. labradus I have seen, and many hundreds have passed through my hands. Then again if Z. alsulus^ Z. labradus, Herrich-Schaffer mentioned Z. labradus under two different names, in the same paper, from the same localit}', which an eminent entomologist like Herrich-SchafFer is not likely to have done, for Z. conmiunis is undoubtedl}^ a synonym of Z. labradus. Again, the British Museum specimen was presumably not the type; in fact Herrich-SchafFer may never have seen that speci- men, so it cannot be held to have superior merit to a description 214 AUSTRALIAN lUlOrALOCERA: LYC.KXID.E, III., which states characters not found in the British Museum speci- men, L. lulu, Math., L. e.vAlis, Lucas (afterwards altered by him to L. exiloides), L. yracllis, Misk., are all undoubtedly the same species. Loc. — Brisbane to Cape York, Port Darwin (r^ 7, 9 ^)- ZizERA LABRADUS, Godart (Plate iii., fig. 29). Polyommatus labradus, Godt., Enc. Meth. ix. p. 680, 1819; Druce, P.Z.S 1802, p. 435 : Lye. communis, Koch, MS.; Herr.- Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 72, 1869 : Lye. pJmbe, Murray, Ent. Mo. Mag. X. p. 107, 1873: Cupido delicata, Tepper, Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A. 1882, p. 30: Lye. jiervidgatus, Guest, Proc. Roy. Soc. S.A. 1882, p. 36. ^. 10-15 mm. (13). Neuration and shape as in figure. Upper sid e. — Both wings dull blue, with narrow costal and broader dark grey outer margins, baseof wings darker blue; base of costa of forewing suffused with whitish scales. Cilia white. Underside gre3ash-white to brownish-white, with dark grey spots as in general description; no spot in cell of forewing, subbasal series of hind wing with 1, 2 or 3 spots, 2nd spot of discal series in hind wing always placed much nearer base than 1st. Cilia white. 9. 8-15 mm. (13). Shape as in $. Upper side dark grey, lighter on costa of forewing; very variable centrobasal blue areas, sometimes occupj'ing nearly -^ wing, sometimes all but absent; a submarginal lunular whitish band on hind wing, sometimes absent, sometimes ver}' distinct. Cilia white. Underside as in ^. This is the commonest, most extended in range, and one of the variable Australian Lyccenidce; and it is one of the very few that are caught at such places as Bourke and Broken Hill. In some cases the dark grey outer margins are only linear, and the colour of the blue varies. The female is most variable; two specimens in the Macleay Museum from Cape York show no blue on the upperside, but the sulmiarginal band of hindwing is represented. BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 215 I have Sydney specimens showing only a trace of bkie; another with the submarginal band of hind wing consisting of three blue spots. There can be no doubt whatever that Herrich-Schiiffer's description of L. alsuhis cannot apply to this species. L. lohwhe^ L. delicata and L. pe)-inilgatus are certainly synonyms ; and Druce adds L. communis, L. caduca, Butl., L, mangoensis, Butl. Zoc— Throughout Australia ((J 32, 9 25). ZiZERA GAIKA, Trimen. Lye. fjaika, Trim., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862,jp.403: Z.gaika, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 118, pi. xxvi. fig. 174, 1890: Lye. 'pygmcp.a, Snellen, Tijdschr. Ent. xix. p. 1G3, pi. vii. tig. 3, 187G: L. conformis, Butl., P.Z.S.-1877, p. 467 : X. attenuata, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1889, p. 1066. Q . 7-9 mm. (8). jSTeuration and shape much as in Z. labradus, much smaller, with very blunt apices. Upper side. — Both rvings pale blue, with brownish-grey outer margins, broadest at apex of forewing, brownish costal maro-in on hindwinfj. Cilia whitish. Underside whitish-grey, markings blackish surrounded with white, situated as indicated in general description; no spot in cell, two spots on costa of forewing, one on either side of dis- cocellular sj^ot. Cilia whitish. O. 7-10 mm. (8). Shape as in ^. Upper side smok}^ black, with a slight gloss, never any blue colouration towards base. Cilia whitish. U n d e r s i d e as in ^. This is the smallest Australian butterfly, and is allied to Z. lysimon, especially on the underside; but it differs from that species in size, and the absence of the spot in cell of forewing. With reference to L. con/ormis from Cape York, I cannot see any difference from Brisbane species of Z. gaika. Log. — Brisbane to Cape York ((J 11, 9 4). 216 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCKRA : LYC.ES ID.E, III., Jamides, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 71, 1816; Moore, Lep. Cey. i. p. 86, 1881; de Nicev., Butt. Iiid. iii. p. 156, 1890. Costal nervure very sliort, ending on costa before end of cell; costal nervure in the type species, ./. bochus. Cram., connected with 1st subcostal by a short spur in the same way as in the genus Lamjndeti. In J. phaseli, the commoner Australian species, this spur is very short, if present at all, the costal nervure approaching and touching 1st subcostal nervure but not being anastomosed with it. This genus on the underside is very allied to that group of Nacaduba represented by N. atrata, Horsf., and X. berenice, Herr.-SchfF,; it has a very wide distribution through the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan regions. I can recognise only two species from Australia, one of which is common, the other rare. The undersides of both species are very much allied, ])ut J. i^haseU is purple on the upperside, and J. aiwirauye is light silvery blue. Jamides amarauge, Druce. P.Z.S. 1891, p. 366, pl.xxxi. figs. 20, 21. ^. 15mm. Upperside. — Foreiviug pale almost metallic silky blue, with brown costal area, widest at apex, and outer margin. Hindiving pale almost metallic silky blue, with brown costal and outer margins, the latter marked externally by a white line and internall}^ by a series of pale bluish crescents almost dividing the margin into spots, the caudal spot being darkest. Tail long, filamentous, tipped with white. Underside brown, with markings as in ./. phaseli, but the white borders much more prominent. 9. 16mm. Upperside very similar to ,J, but the blue much deeper and less silky. Underside as in (J. Loc. — Darnley Island (Macleay Museum). It is with some doubt that I refer the Darnley Island specimens to Druce's species. The male differs from the figure in having a brown costa, and the markings of the underside more prominent; I BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 217 it is also larger than the figure. This may be the species Semper records from Bowen and Cape York as L. astraptes, Felder, witli L. candrena, Herr.-Schff., and L. argentina, Prittw., as synonyms; but his remarks point to a form much nearer ./. phasdi. J. astra2)tefi is from the Pliilippines and ./. candrena from Fiji. Jamides phaseli, Mathew (Plate iii., fig. 22). Lampldes phaseli, Math., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 311: J. phaseli, Druce, P.Z.S. 1892, p. 443; 1902, ii. p. 1 1 4; (nouLijca- nesthes phaseli, Miskin, Syn. Cat. Rhbp. Aust. p. 59, 1891}: Lye. oranigra, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. vi. p. 118, t. 6, figs. 3, 4, 5, 1889 : Lam. hochits, Miskin (nee Cram.), Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 54, 1891. (-f. 12-15 mm. (13). Forewing with costa arched, outer margin straight. Hind wing with a filamentous tail to 1st median. Upper side silky purple, with even black borders to outer margins and costa of hindwing, much narrower dark costal border to forewing, dark subcaudal spot, with ver}'- faint traces of a marginal and submarginal series of lunules; tail black, tipped with white. Cilia brown. U n d e r s id e. — Foreiving light brown, spots hardly darker, represented by their double v/hite borders, none in cell, first dis- cocellular, discal band from near costa to submedian, marginal bands obscure. Cilia brown. Hindwing light brown, spots as in forewing, a row of three crossing middle of cell, one disco- cellular, a much curved discal series, marginal series more promi- nent than in forewing, caudal spot black, crowned with orange; anal spot smaller, similar. 9. 12-lGmm. (14). Shape much as in ^. Upper side with broad brown costal and outer margins, centrobasal areas purplish-blue, an obscure interneural row of marginal spots to hindwing faintly margined with white above and below^; tail black, tipped with white. Cilia brown. Underside as in ^, but outer marginal bands more pro- minent. 218 AUSTRALIAN lUlOrALOCERA : LYCJiXID.E, III., This species belongs to the section of the genus in which the male and female are allied to the corresponding sexes oiJ. hochus. In this species the markings are usually less prominent than in the foregoing. This species is most unfortunate in the names that have been applied to it. Miskin considered it identical with -/. bochiis, the magnificent blue Ceylon species. Semper recorded it as L. plato, usually considered as a synonym of J. hochus. Mathew named it Z. phaseli, which name was applied by Miskin to a species of Lyccp.nesthes. Lucas named it L. oranigra, which Miskin sank under J. hochus. Mathew's description, published in June, 1889, is very poor, and no mention is made of a tail or tails; so it is not to be wondered that Miskin misdetermined it. I had always thought that Miskin had received specimens from Mathew, so did not trouble to investigate; but from Mathew's description no generic information can be gathered whatever. Druce, who has seen Mathew's types in the Godman collection, distinctly states it is a Jamides, and the remarks he makes point conclusively to this species. With regard to the priority of Mathew's or Lucas' name, I find that Mathew read his paper on 6th March, 1889, and the Part containing it was published in June, 1889; Lucas read his paper on 12th April, 1889, and the Part containing it was also published in June, 1889. But there is absolutel}" nothing on the publications to show which has priorit}^ a matter which shows how desirable it is that the exact date of publication should be given. I have chosen Mathew'.s name for this species only because he read his paper first; his description is really poor, but that of Lucas is very little better and his figures are of little value. Loc. — Brisbane to Cape York {$ 10, 2 8). EvERES, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 69, 1816; Moore, Lep. Cey. i. p. 85, 1881; Scudder, Butt. East U.S. and Canada, p. 905, 1889; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 136, 1890. Forewing with costal margin slightly arched, apex rounded, outer margin convex, inner margin long; costal nervure short. BY G. A. WATEKHOUSE. 210 anastomosing with 1st subcostal nervure for a short distance; hindwing oval, outer margin rounded, a thin tail to 1st median nervnle. Type E. argicfhs, Pallas. As regards neuration, this genus is closely allied to Kacaduhay Moore, but the wings are more elongated than in that genus. The common species included in this genus has almost a world- wide range. EVEKES ARCJIADES, Pallas. Pap. argiades, Pallas, Reise, i. App. p. 472, 1771; de Nice v., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 137, pi. xxvi. f. 180, 1890 : Hesperia parrhasius, Fabr., Ent. Syst. iii. p. 289, 1793: Lam. parrhasius, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv, p. 155, 1878. I have contented mys'elf with giving a few of the Australian references to this widely distributed species; a much longer list is given by de Niceville, with a number of synonyms. (J. 10-15 mm. (13). Upper side blue, with black borders; a marginal series of more or less distinct black spots on hindwing; those between median nervules being most prominent. Tail black and white, tipped with white, long. Cilia white. JJ nder side.— ForeiviiKj whitish, a dark line at end of cell bordered with white; a discal band of six dark elongated spots bordered with white, from near costa to submedian nervure. Cilia whitish. Hhidwin.g whitish, with four jet black spots sur- rounded with white, 1st on costa near apex, 2nd on costa near middle, 3rd below it; 4th on abdominal margin. A dark bar marking end of cell, and a curved discal band of spots; sub- marginal area, except just at anal angle, consisting of a large orange blotch with two jet black oval spots sprinkled with metallic green on its outer edge V>etween median nervules. Cilia white; tail black and white. 9. 9-15 mm. (13). U p p e r s i d e uniform brown or sooty black; marginal spots of hindwing more prominent than in ^J; orange crowns also more distinct. Tailed. Cilia white. Ilarely any blue on Australian specimens. Underside as in (^. 220 AUSTRALIAN RIlorALOCERA : LYC.KMD.E, III., Unfortunately I have not been al)le to secure a large series of undamaged specimens, though what I have show a certain amount of variation. This species is easily recognised by the four black spots, and the orange blotch near anal angle on under- side of hindwing. In Australia its range is from the Richmond Eiver to Cairns {$ 7, 9 10). Nacaduba, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p. 88, 1881; de Xicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 141, 1890. Fore wing triangular; costa arched, apex sometimes rounded, sometimes acute; outer margin sometimes slightly convex, some- times straight; costal nervure anastomosing with 1st subcostal nervule for a distance var3'ing in the species and then running free to costa. Type N. promiuens, Moore. This irenus contains species that are tailed and also some that are tailless; in fact ^Y. noreia (2^. ardates) is said to have both tailed and tailless forms. The distance for which the costal nervure and the first subcostal nervule are joined is not constant; and the terminal portion of the costal nervure is sometimes very dithcult to see, giving almost the neuration of Utica, Hew., a closely allied genus. The outer margin of the hindwing in most species is rounded, but in some it is nearly straight. Most of the Australian species are very common and occur in most collections, l)ut under a great diversity of names. They do not seem to vary greatly within Australian limits, but species passing under different names with onh' minor differences occur in many of the Polynesian Islands. Miskin in his Catalogue (1891) places these insects, with two exceptions, in the genus Lauipides; but in the modern acceptance of that genus, this is wrong. He seems to have only discrimin- ated between Lycrmia and Lampides by placing in the former tailless and in the latter tailed forms. I place one species, N. mackayeusis, in this genus only provisionally. The males may be recognised as follows : — BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 221 A. Tailed; a spot or bar marked on either side Nvith white in middle of cell of forewing on underside. a. Outer margin of hindwing rounded, black spot (or spots) near anal angle of hindwing on upperside scarcely, if at all, visible. a 1. Upperside pale bluish-purple; large dion. ?>i. Upperside violet-purple; moderate hcrenice. c^. Upperside brownish-purple; small fclderi. h. Middle of outer margin of hindwing straight. fli. Upperside violet-purple ; moderate ; anal spots of hindwing on upperside very well developed tnicyra. h'^. Upperside pale lilac, covered with long hairs; anal spots not well developed; moderate lineata. ci. Upperside lilac, anal spots present palniyro. B. Tailless; small; outer margin of hindwing rounded. a. Middle of cell of forewing on underside marked with a spot or two white lines, fli. Brownish-purple didjiofta. &i. Lilac-purple; very small maclayensis. h. No spot in middle of cell; very small; shining pinkish- purple hiocdlata. The females may be distinguished as follows : — A. Tailed; spot in middle of cell on forewing on underside. a. Hindwing rounded. rti. White central area on both wings, base pale blue dion. b^. Pale almost metallic blue central areas to both wings; moderate herenice. c^. Pale metallic blue areas to both wings; of small size felderi. h. Middle portion of hindwing straight. «!. Central areas pale blue; black caudal spot crowned with orange ancyra. b^. Forewing only with white area; base blue. «•-. Cilia unspotted lineata. &-2. Cilia spotted palmyra. B. Tailless; outer margin rounded; small. a. Spot in middle of cell of forewing on underside; like a small herenice duhio'^a. h. No spot in middle of cell of forewing; very small, light brown hiocellaia. Species of the genus Ffica are liable to be confused with it, and it is only by an examination of the neuration that this can be settled. The following general description will answer for all *222 AVSTBAhlA'S RHOP A L0CEnA:LyC.1-:MD.f: III., the species, details of whicli will "he found under the proper headings. ^^. U p p e r s i d e. — Both ?vuigs some uniform shade of blue or purplish-brown, with narrow darker outer margins, often with darker blue bases; sometimes a black anal and caudal spot, a long filamentous tail to 1st median nervule of hind wing in most species, in some short, in others absent. Underside. — Forewing some shade of brown or greyish- brown, marked with darker brown spots and bands usually bordered with white, sometimes appearing as two parallel rows of white lines when the spots are the same as the groundcolour; 1st in middle of cell (absent in one species) with a spot l)elow it external to cell, a spot marking end of cell, adiscal curved series, last two often nearer base than remainder, a submarginal lunular band, and sometimes a marginal row of spots. Hind wing con- colorous with forewing, with three transverse series of darker spots, often reduced to double white lines; first, of three spots crossing middle of cell; second, single marking end of cell; third, numerous much curved, discal; submarginal and marginal series as in forewing; jet black caudal spot prominent, often sprinkled with metallic scales, black anal spot small, often \vanting. 9. Up per side. — Forewing with broad brown costal and outer margins, centrobasal areas blue, often a large white discal patch. Hiiidwing with outer margin broadly brown, centrobasal area more or less blue, often a double marginal lunular band, enclosing darker spots, caudal and anal spots often conspicuous. Tail as in $. Underside as in ^ except in the species with a white patch which is also present on the underside. In shape X. ancyra^ N. pahnyra^ and N. lineata are of the form of C. sfrabo; while the remaining Australian species are of the form of C. cnejus. Nacaduba DION, Godart (Plate iii., figs, 12, 37). Poly, ifion, Godt., Enc. Meth. ix. p. 679, n. 191, 1819; Boisd., Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 83, n.l2, 1832: N. diou, Druce, P.Z.S. 1892, BY G. A. WATERHOUSK. 223 p. 439: Lam. perusia (nee Feld.), Herr.-Scliff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. XXV. p. 73, 1869; Misk., Syn. Cat. llliop. Au.st. p. 51, 1891. (J. 13-17 iiiiii. (15). Up per side uniform bluisli, slightly white on costa of hindwing, caudal spot only faintly visible. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia brown. Underside grey, with discal areas white, often entirely blotting out discal and discocellular spots, spots and bands repre- sented by two parallel white lines, marginal and submarginal series well developed, caudal spot black, crowned with yellow, a small black anal spot. Cilia brown. 9. 12-16 mm. (15). Upper side black, with central areas white, often suffused with pale silvery blue, base darker silvery blue, caudal spot faint. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia brown. Underside greyish-brown, with discal and discocellular bands entirely effaced by white, outer marginal waved line very prominent. Cilia greyish-brown. This species is recognised by the white discal suffusion below, so prominent in female; it has usually been known as ]\\ perusia, but Druce has pointed out that Jf. dion is close to iV. pencsia, so as it is an older name and the type came from Australia it must be used. Log. — Richmond River to Cape York (g 13, 9 13). Nacaduba berenicp:, Herrich-Schaffer, Lye. berenice, Herr.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxv. 1869, p. 74 : Lam. berenice, Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 156, 1878: Lam. pavana, Misk., (nee. Horsf.), Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 55, 1891. (J. 12-15 mm. (14). Upper side with both wings violet- purple, with black linear outer margins and brown cilia, a long thin black tail tipped with white, with one or both anal dark spots rarely showing on upperside. Underside brown, with slightly darker spots and bands as in general description, lightly margined with white, caudal spot prominent, crowned with yellow. Cilia brown. 224 AUSTRALIAN RUOrAJ.OCKRA : LYC.KM D.K, III., 9. 1:2-15 mm. (14). Up per side. — Forewiny with broad brown costal and outer margins, rest of wing pale blue, with dai-ker base, variable in extent but usually occupying more than i area of wing. In one specimen it only occupies I, and the inner margin is brown. Cilia brown. Ifindfcing Ijrown, with a suffusion of blue, deepest at base, over greater part of Ming; a submarginal interneural series of black spots crowned with white, the two between median nervules largest; a series of interneural lunules marking outmost limit of blue suffusion; nervules marked with brown. In some specimens an elongated spot beyond cell. Cilia brown. Tail black, tipped with white. Underside usually lighter in colour than in $ and with the white borders to bands better defined. This species varies in the colour of the underside, which is brown showing sometimes a tint of chocolate, lilac or gvey. What is probably a seasonal form occurs at the Richmond River in May, in which the jet black spots with their metallic scales have disappeared from the underside of the hindwing, their place being taken by an orange suffusion; intermediate forms occur as well. The free terminal portion of the costal nervure is well developed. Herrich-Schaffer in his description compares this species to Li/c. ( = iV.) heroe, Feld., which is again compared to X. atraia, Horsf., by Druce. Mr. de Niceville informed me that our species was .V. atrata; but from Ceylon specimens and a note from my friend Mr. R. E. Turner, I am inclined to doubt this, and prefer to call it N. berenice. Miskin, to whom N. herenice was unknown, determined this species as Lam. { = K.) ]javana, Horsf., a species which has no central spot in cell of fore wing below. The nearest Australian species is the much smaller tailless form, X duhiosa, but the colour of the upperside in the males is totally different, and in the females N. herenice has a much greater extent of blue on the upperside, and the marginal markings of the hindwing are very conspicuous. The range of this species is from Richmond River to Cairns {$ 16, 9 16). }JY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 225 NaCADUBA FELDEIil, Muiiciy. Lyc.feJderi, Murray, Trcans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 527, 1. 10, f.4, 6: N. /elder i, Druce, P.Z.S. 1891, p. 359 : Lam. nova (nee Feld.), HeiT.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxv. p 72, 1869; Misk., Syn. Cat. Khop. Aust. p. 53, 1891. (J. 9-13 mm. (11). Upperside uniform purplish-brown, slightly darker at base. Tail to hindwing short, brown, some- times a dark caudal spot. Cilia brownish. Underside chocolate-brown, with dark bands as in general description ; caudal spot l)lack, crowned with orange. Cilia brown. 9. 9-13 mm. (11). Upperside with broad rich brown costal and outer margins, remainder of wing suffused with shining blue, often, however, on hindwing only base of wing blue, a more or less distinct marginal series of dark spots crowned with white; outer margin marked with black. Cilia brown, darker at termi- nations of nervules. Underside light brown, otherwise as in $. Druce states that in N. felderi the subcostal is anastomosed with the costal for four times the length it is in N. nora (from 8ikhim), under which name our insect has usually been known. Zoc— Sydney to Cape York {$ 20, 9 18). Nacaduba ancyra, Felder (Plate iii., fig. 16). Lye. ancyra, Feld., Sitzb. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. CI. xl. p. 457, 1860; Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 276, t. 34, f. 5, 1865: A\ ancyra, Druce, P.Z.8. 1895, p. 579: I^am. jiorinda, Butl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xx. p. 354, 1877 : N. florinda, Druce, P.Z.S. 1892, p. 438, pi. xxvii. fig. 12. (J. 12-14 mm. (13). Upperside. — Forewimj violet-purple, with narrow uniform brown outer margin and navy blue base; basal portion of costa suffused with whitish scales. Cilia brownish. Hindwing violet-purple, with a narrow uniform outer margin, a wide brown costal margin, a navy blue basal suffusion. 15 ' A.^-~',/ LI B R A R Yi^ « ^- 226 AUSTRALIAN lUIOPALOCEllA : LYC.KMD.K, III., black and white, tipped witli white; anal and caudal spots black, usually crowned with red. Cilia brownish. Underside white, with brown bands as in general descrip- tion, well marked off from rest of wing. Caudal and anal spots black, crowned with orange. Cilia whitish, at terminations of iiervules brown. The discocellular and discal bands of hind wing often join one another, and in one specimen the spot in centre of cell of forewing is joined to the discocellular and discal bands b}^ a broad brown band. 9. 1 1-14 mm. (13) U p p e r s i cl e. — Forewing broad, blackish- brown, costal and outer margins with a very variable centrobasal blue area. Cilia brownish. HindiuviKj blackish-brown, with a dark marginal line. Cilia white, at terminations of nervules brown; a submarginal interneural series of five dark spots more or less developed, the outer three and anal spot crowned with white, the spot between 1st and 2nd median nervules always largest and crowned with orange-red. Tail black and white, tipped with white. The blue centrobasal area varies in both wings from a slight basal area to one occupying nearly the whole of wing, with base navy blue and discal band of underside as represented above. Underside as in (^, with its variations. In shape and somewhat in colour on the upperside, this species is allied to the larger Catochrysops straho, Fabr. Of N. f^orinda, Druce says: "The type [Lo3^alty Islands] in the British Museum, and a single specimen in our own collection, which agrees exactly with it, are the only two I have seen. Mr. Miskin does not refer to it, so that probably it is known under another name in Aus- tralia." The figure (9) represents the form in which the discal bands are reproduced above. Though I have not seen a specimen from Amboina yet, relying on Felder's figure, and Semper and de Niceville's determinations, I think that N. ancyra should be used for the Australian species, and N. Jlorhida sunk as one of the many forms. Cupido almora and N. pseustis are given as S3mo- nyms by Mr. H. H. Druce. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 227 This species is found very commonly on the Richmond River, and thence rani^es to Cape York. I have also specimens from North West Australia. I find that the terminal free portion of the costal nervure in this species is well developed and easily seen <^ 30, 915). Nacaduba lineata, Murray (Plates ii., fig. 31; iii., fig. 17). Lye. lineata, Murray, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1874, p. 524, t. 10, f. 9; Miskin, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 35 : N. lineata, Druce, P.Z.S. 1891, pp. 363, 364. (J. 10-13 mm. (12). U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing pale slaty blue or lilac, covered with long whitish hairs, with narrow brown costal and outer margins. Cilia brownish. Hindwing as in forewing, often with dark caudal and anal spots; tail long, black, tijDped with white. Cilia whitish. Underside. — Forewing dark brown, with darker brown transverse bands faintly bordered with white, as in general description; submarginal band present, margin marked with a dark line. Cilia brownish. Hindwing dark brown, with darker transverse bands a little more prominently margined than in fore- wing; submarginal lunular bands more prominent than on fore- v/ing, outer margin marked by a dark line. Cilia whitish. Tail long, dark brown, tipped with white. Anal spot variable, black surrounded with orange; caudal spot large, oval, crowned with bright orange. 9. 12-14 mm. (13). U p p e r s i d e. — Foreioing is divided into three distinct areas, 1st smallest, basal, brownish, and well covered with pale metallic blue scales; outer largest, en tirel}^ black; middle area pure white; inner margin below white area suffused with blue scales. Costa to subcostal nervure greyish- black, sometimes reaching half way into cell. Cilia brownish. Ilindiuing blackish, with a blue basal suffusion which in some specimens extends over the whole of wing except apical area; nervules more or less marked with black; a more or less indistinct interneural band of dark spots; outer margin marked with black. Cilia brownish. Tail black, tipped with white. 228 Al'STRAIJAN lUIDIWI.OCF.UA -.lACKS I D.K, II[., ir 11 (J (M- s i (1 (' hruwii, witli iiicirkings as in (J, l)ut wliite l)or(lers morecoiispicuous, white spot on forewin*^ sliowint? througli tlH)Ui,'li soiiiewliat restricted, especially towards costa; otherwise as in ^. This species is allied to N. palmyra, and N. rincu/a, Druce. The female is much more plentiful than the male; I have seen females by tlie hundred on the Richmond Uiver in May. /.or.— Sydney to Cape York (g 14, 9 25). Nacaduba palmyra, Ft'lder. Sit/b. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. CI. xl. p. 4r).s, 18G0 ; Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 276, t. 34, f. 2S, 29, 1805; Herr.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. XXV. p. 73, ISGO; Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 159, 1S78: Li/('ce)iesthes tasimmvuis, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, lcS90, p. 40: Lycaena elahorata^ Lucas, Proc. R. Soc. Qsld. 1899, p. 137. (J. 12 mm. Shape as in N. Jinoata ^. U p i)(^ r s id (' uniform lilac-blue, ai)ex of forewiiio- margined with black, hindwing with two small l)lack spots near anal angle. Cilia white, markedly spotted with brown. Underside light sienna-brown, with reddish-brown bands edged with white as in general description, base of wings dark brown; two })lack spots sprinkled with metallic-green near anal angle. Tail ])lack, tipped with white. Cilia as above. 9. 1") mm. Shape as in X. lineafa 9. U p p e r s i d e. — Forewimj with basal third pale silvery blue, a broad white bar as in N. lineata 9 from near costa to inner margin, rest of wing black. Cilia white, at termination of nervules brown, llindwimi black, suffused with pale sihery blue except towards outer margin which is marked by an interneural series of white circles, those near anal angle enclosing dark spots. Tail l)lack, tipped with white. Cilia as in forewing. Underside reddish-brown, with darker spots as in general description, the white patch of forewing blotting out discal and discocellular band, outer margins of both wings blotched with white, with a waved brown and white line. Caudal and anal I J]Y (;. A. WATHIIIIOUSE. 229 spots black, cr(jvvii(3i the other sex of Miskin's species, undei- which there is no doubt that Lucas' species must sink. T have compared Mr. Tllidge's speci- men with Felder's figure, and can detect no difference, and so conclude they are the same, though Felder's type was from Amboina. Semper records a male, saying that but for the spotted cilia, he would have called it lineMa^ Murray ; Miskin places this reference under llneaf.a. Then; is no doubt in my mind that Semper had a male specimen of the species Miskin afterwards called L. tasjnauicus, which is allied to JV. li/neaia, but has cheeing more continuous, ?'.»».. the loNver half not being placed further inwards than the upper half. " But this is a most unstable character in this group, so little reliance BY G. A. WATEKHOUSE. 231 sh'juld be placed on it. The late Mr. de Xiceville, to %vliom specimens had been sent, doubtfully determined it as K. noreia. Lyi. conjuufjens is certainly the same species as this; so also is the species ticketed Lye. lulu in the Miskin collection, which is not the Lye. ( = Zi\era) lulu of Mathew. Loc. — Richmond River, Brisbane, Mackay, Bowen, Cooktown, Cape York (^J -i, 9 '6). Xacaduba (?) MACKAYENSis, .Miskin. Lye. mackayensis, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 35. I think there are only three specimens of this species known. I have seen the type in the Queensland Museum, but have nut been able to examine it structurally. It is certainly very distinct, and I should say rather more like X. dahiosa than X. hiocellata. It differs from the latter in having a spot in cell of forewing on underside. As to its correct generic position, I have placed it here because that was the genus assigned to the specimen sent to Mr. de Xiceville. However, my opinion is that Una, de Xicev., will be its correct position. I should not be at all surprised to find that F. caJiginosa, Druce, the type of Frosoto^s is synonymous witli the species under con- sideration. I^oc. — Mackay. Q. * Xacaduba biocellata, Felder. Lye. hiocellata, Feld., Reise Xov. Lep. ii. p. 280, t. 35, f. 14, 1865; And. A: Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 86. 189-1: Cupido adama- puneta, Tepp., Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. l^^'l, p. 31, t. 2, f. 16 : Lam. arniillata, Butl., P.Z.S. p. 6U, lf<75, ^. 9-11 mm. (10). Forewing slightly bowed, apex acute, outer margin slightly convex. Hind wing with outer margin rounded, no tail. U p p e r s i d e. — Forficiny pinkish-purple, base of wing nav}' Ijlue of variable extent; outer margin brown. Cilia pale brown. Hindvnny pinkish-purple, with a uniform brown outer margin, base navy blue; on outer margin on either side of 1st median 232 AUSTRALIAN JIHOPALOCERA : LVC.ENJD.E, III., nervule are two dark spots sometimes surrounded with pale orange, rarely are the spots absent. Cilia brown. Underside. — Forewing pade orange-brown, with greyish- brown base and outer margin widest at apex; no spot in middle of cell, otherwise as in general description; outer margin marked with dark Ijrown. Cilia pale brown. Hindwiny greyish-brown in some specimens, pale yellowish-brown in others, base greyish sprinkled with shining yellowish scales; bands as in general description; a double lunular submarginal band; on either side of 1st median nervule a jefc black large oval marginal spot sprinkled with metallic yellow and crowned with orange; a marginal line of dark grey. Cilia pale brown. 9. 9-11 mm. (10). Upper side light brown, a darker outer marginal line and white cilia, two marginal jet black oval spots, one on either side of 1st median nervule of hind- wing (January form). Forewing light brown, with a pale purple area extending from base | across wing, occup3'ing lower half of cell to inner margin, base navy blue. Cilia whitish. Hiiid- winy brown, base and most of inner marginal area navj- blue, beyond which is a more or less extended purplish suffusion. Anal spots smaller than in Januaiy^ form, and crowned with orange. Cilia whitish (October form). Intermediate forms between these two are numerous. Underside pale yellowish-brown, with markings as in ^ but more distinct, especially the submarginal lunular bands. Greyish bases occur only in those specimens which are markedly navy blue on upperside. I think I have fully indicated the direction of variation in the descriptions; the male appears to be fairly constant over its extended range, while the female is most variable on the upperside. I have described the two extreme forms for Jan- uary and October in Sydney. This pretty little species may be known by the absence of any mark in the cell of the forewing below, and also the absence of a tail. Cnpido ada- mapuncta is a female. The costal nervure and first subcostal nervule are anastomosed for a considerable distance, and the BY G. A. WATERIIOUSK. 2.33 terminal free portion of the costal is often very dilHcult to see. Loc — South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Queens- land to Mackay and North West Australia {$ 40, 9 40). Una, de Niceville. Butt. Ind. iii. p. 51, 1890. Subcostal three-branched, 1st branch entii'ely anastomosed with costal except a very short free basal portion. Type U. usta, Distant. The genus, as regards neuration, is allied to Utica. The Australian species I place in this genus are only doubtfully referable there; though structurally they are identical, yet the shape of the wings is different. Mr. de Niceville, who knew three of the species, noted them as Zizera (1), but then he had not examined them structurally. I have little doubt that these species will eventually be placed in one or two other genera (perhaps as yet undescribed), but for the present I hesitate to undertake that task myself, as I know there are allied South African forms which as yet I have had very little opportunity of studying. Prosotas, Druce, is close to, if not identical with. Una, but my acquaintance with these genera is only from figures. They appear to be quite tropical forms, whereas all the Australian species are southern forms, one section being entirely confined to Spencer's Bassian Region. Our present knowledge of these species is very meagre, which is remarkable considering their number if looked for at the right season. This, I think, is due to their being looked upon as too common to be worth catching, a mistake too often made in Aus- tralia. All the species appear to have only a single brood during the year, though if this is the case with those species that extend into Queensland I am unable to say. For the three S3''dney species my dates are: — agricola, 8th Sept. to 6th Nov.; inathewi, 22nd Sept. to lOtli Nov.; serperitata, 20th March to loth April. I am able to recognise five distinct species, though subsequent investigation may show I am including one or two others wliicli are really specifically distinct, but want of sufficient material with 234 AUSTRALIAN RUOPA IJ)CKRA : lA'C.KS I D.K III., accurate dates and locaJllies prevents my recognising more, which may thus be distinguished : — A. Upperside dark brownish-blaek, with conspicuously spotted ciHa agricola. B. Upperside brown. a. Dark brown, cilia conspicuously spotted liohartensis. h. Light brown, cilia faintly spotted matheioi. C. Hindwing with a tail-like projection to first median of hind- wing. a. Upperside with basal areas broadly blue serpentata. h. Upperside brown, blue almost obsolete snlpitius. The markings of the underside are of the following type though often coalescing, suffused with white, or otherwise obscured. Foreivinrj with a dark spot in cell, a discocellular spot, a discal band from near costa to 1st median or submedian; these spots all more or less strongly bordered with white, sometimes spots concolorous with groundcolour, the spots then represented by double white lines; a submarginal lunular suffusion present, sometimes light, sometimes dark. Nindivinr/ with spots of type of forewing, one basal usually ohscured; a row of three crossing middle of cell, centre one in cell; one discocellular, often united with the curved discal series, which is usuall}' very prominent, beyond discal series especiall}' in 9 a broad white suffusion, sub- marginal suffusions as in forewing, between median nervules near margins two v-shaped spots pointing inwards. Palpi of all the species ver}' hairy; antennae in ^ slight]}^ longer than ^ costa; in 9 slightly shorter, ending in a spatulate club. Una aghicola, Westwoovl (Plate iii., fig. 2G). Lucia ar/ricola, Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep. ii. p. 49G, t. 7G, f. 4, 1850-2 : Lye. agricola, And. k Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 88, 1894: CLqndo aijricola, Tepp., Proc. Koy. 80c. 8. A. 1882j p. 29, t. 2, f. 8. ^, 9-12 mm. (11) Forev-'ing with costa straight, apex acute^ outer margin nearly straight. Hiyidivincj with outer margin slightly dentate, not tailed. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 235 Up per side glossy brownish-black, a white costal line on forewing. Cilia white, black at terminations of nervules giving a dentate appearance to hind wing. Underside with inner areas light brown, outer areas suffused with white, spots darker, as in general description; borders white, lined with black; basal area of hindwing indistinct, a marked white discal patch on hindwing, v-shaped marks black. Cilia as above. 9. 10-14 mm. (ll^). Shape as in ^, with outer margin of fore- wing more convex. Up per side brown, paler than in ^. Cilia as in ^. Underside as in (^, markings and borders more decided. This marked little species apparently has only a single brood early in the season, though Anderson and Spry record it from Victoria in March; I must, however, doubt this, for during the last twelve years I have caught many hundreds near Sydney, but none later than November. It appears to be a coastal species, though I have taken it up to fifty miles inland from Sydney. Olliff^'* records it from Mt. Kosciusko, but if the specimen in tlie Australian Museum with that locality attached is the one in question, I believe it to be referable to U. hohartensis rather than to this species. Loc. — South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wale8^ Brisbane (Illidge) {$ 50, 9 30). Una hobartexsis, Miskin. Lijc. hobartensis, Misk., Proc. Liim. Soc. N.S.Wales, 1890, p. 38. (J. 9 mm. Shape as in U. agricola ^. U p p e r s i d e brown, with chequered cilia. Underside light brown, with darker spots as in general description, but the white borders almost obsolete; spots and bands of hindwing well defined, not obscured as they usually are in U. agricola: white discal patch not so prominent as in U. 9. * Froc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1889, p. G23. 236 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYCKMD.E, III., agricola; a submai'giiial row of spots present without v-sliaped marks. Cilia as on upperside. The type in the Miskin collection is a female, which only differs from the male in having the markings better defined on the under- side, and with white borders. This species is, I think, without doubt the mountain form of U. agricola. Mr. G. Lyell has a female, no doubt referable to this species, from Mt. Erica, Vic, (4,500 ft.), caught in February; it is rather darker on the upper- side, but the groundcolour of the hindwing below is white, with the markings almost black. The specimen recorded as U. agricola from Mt, Kosciusko (5,500 ft.) is, I am sure, this species; it is rather devoid of markings below. Dr. A. J. Turner took two specimens on the summit of Mt. Wellington, Tas., during March, one of which is in my collection. This must be considered a rare species, as I have seen only six specimens {$ 4, ^ 2), but it may have been passed over in the field as U. agricola. Una mathewi, Miskin (Plate ii., fig. 9). Lye. nvxthewl, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. X.8. Wales, 1890, p. 38 (J. 9-12 mm. (10). Upperside light brown, with darker outer margins, slightly raised scales on nervules crossing disc of fore wing. Cilia greyish, only slightly spotted. U n d e r s i d e with lighter brown spots and bands as in general description, but sometimes almost obsolete, v-shaped marks black, crowned with yellowish, orange or wanting. Cilia light brown. 9. 9-12 mm. (10). Shape much as in ^. Upperside light brown. Cilia rather more marked than in $. Underside as in ^ but paler, with the areas external to discal bands usually suffused with whitish, especially in hindwing. I have little doubt from the position assigned by Semper to L. sglvicola, Leach, MS., between agricola and labradus, and the locality Sydney, that this species is intended, but sylvicola is a nomen yiudruii as far as I can ascertain. This little species has only been taken in the neighbourhood of Sydney {^ 35, $24). BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 237 Una sulpitius, Miskin (Plate ii., %. 21). Lye. sulpifhis, Misk., Proc. Linn. 8oc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 37 : Lye. serpentata, Semp., (nee Herr.-Sehff.), Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 159, 1878. (J. 8-10 mm. (0). Upper side l)lackish-brown, darker at bases where there is a bluish reflection. Anal angle with two obscure dark spots, outer often crowned with white. Cilia brown, in hind wing slightl}^ chequered. Underside brown, with slight yellowish tint; spots and bands, as in general description, represented by double parallel white lines, often in forewing with two small white spots on costa and a spot below middle of cell, two conspicuous l)lack spots near anal angle. Cilia brown. $. 10 mm. U p p e r s i d e as in (J, with basal area slightly blue, three whitish lunular spots near anal angle. Cilia more chequered than in (J. U n d e r s i d e as in (J, the white markings broader. The above description is taken from specimens caught near Brisbane, in May, by Mr. lUidge. It will be noticed that in these the area beyond discal band of hindwing below is not suffused with white. Mr. R. E. Turner has sent me four specimens from Cooktown caught in November; the}' are smaller, and have the outer margin of forewing more convex; on the underside the white markings are broader, and enclose areas darker than the ground- colour, the areas beyond discal bands being slightly suffused with white. This species has been often confounded with U. mrperdata, which Herrich-Schaffer states is blue above and allied to N. perusia ( = iV. dion) below, which is clearly not this form. Semper says serpentata has no blue above, showing that he wa.s referring to sulpitius and not true serpentata: the types of both of these species came from Rockhampton. This cannot be a local form of U. serpentata., as typical forms are caught in the same locality; nor do I think it can be a seasonal form of U. serpentata. Loc. — Brisbane to Cooktown [g 7, 9 2). •238 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYC.r.S ID.K, III., Una serpentata, Herrich-Schaffer. Lye. serpentata^ Herr.-Schff., Stett. Eiit. Zeit. p. 74, n. 32, 18G9; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 88, 1894 : Ciipido mohjhdena, Guest, Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. iv. p. 36, 1882 : C. fasciola, Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A. iv. p. 30, t. 2, f. 13, 1882. (J. 9-11 mm. (10). Forewinfj with costa nearly straight, apex blunt, outer margin somewhat convex. Hindwimj rounded, with a small tail-like prolongation to 1st median. Upper side slaty brown, with pale purplish-blue centrobasal areas of variable extent always occupying ^ wing, two anal spots usually indistinct, with one to three subanal whitish lunules. Cilia white, markedly spotted. Underside slaty brown, with spots very little darker, markedly bordered with white, discal area of hindwing suffused with white, anal spots often obsolete. Cilia as above. 5. 9-12 mm. (11). U p p e r s i d e as in |J, but coloured areas paler blue and less extensive. Underside as in (J, with white suffusions more extensive. Herrich-Schaffer says his species has blue above, and is allied to N. perusia below; yet Semper corrects him by saying that it has no blue above, thus showing Semper was referring to U. sul- pitius and not to this species. C . fasciola and C. molyhdena are undoubtedly synonyms. L. palemon, Cram., a South African species, has been recorded from Melbourne by Butler;* the speci- men is without doubt this species, which is close to the South African species; Trimen,t however, made enquiries, and in a letter from Butler to Trimsn it is pointed out that the specimen was distinct from the South African form. Loc. — Every part of Australia except the extreme north, my localities being North West Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Sydney, Richmond R,iver and Brisbane ((J 40, 9 15). * Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1882, p. 85. t South African Butt. ii. p. 68, 1887. BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 239 Utica, Hewitson. 111. Diuni. Lep. p. 56, 1865. Foretving with costa nearly straight in (J, slightly arched in 9» iipex acute, less so in ^, outer margin straight in (J, slightly convex in (J, inner margin straight. Subcostal nervure with three branches, 1st anastomosed with costal nervure except for a very short basal portion; 2nd given off close to 1st, 3rd nearer apex than end of cell, subcostal ending just above apex, costal •ending on costa well beyond end of cell; upper discoidal given off before end of cell, running straight to outer margin, lower dis- coidal from end of cell; discocellulars in a straight line; 2nd median given off much nearer end of cell than to 1st, 1st and 2nd running straight to outer margin; submedian nearly straight. H'lnclwing with costa much arched basally, then straight, apex round, outer margin nearly straight, with a short tail to 1st median nervule, inner margin slightly convex. Costal nervure much arched at base, ending close to apex; 1st subcostal emitted at \ before end of cell; discoidal nearly straight; upper disco- cellular very oblique, straight ; lower discocellular upright, straight; 1st median emitted at \ before end of cell, 2nd median almost at end of cell; submedian straight; internal slightly bent, long. A^itenmti J length of costa, distinctly ringed with white, ending in a spatulate club. Paljn longer in 9, 2nd joint long, hairy, 3rd joint short. Eyes small, hairy. Type U. onycha, Hew., { = L.miskini, Luc). Hewitson only described this genus from a female specimen in a line or two. The genus is closely allied to Nacad-itha, but in that genus the 1st subcostal and costal separate again before reaching costa. The single tail to the hindwing is very different from the filamentous tail as in Lampides, Nacaduba, etc., being shorter, and highly ciliated at base and along both sides, giving a blunt appearance to it. I am able to recognise two distinct species that should be placed in this genus. 240 AUSTRALIAN JUIOPALOCK/iA : LYCJISID.E, III , A. J" . Upperside brown, with a bluish sul^'usion. a. Two black anal spots, basal half of hindwinj? on underside light brown onycha. h. No anal spots, basal half of hindwing on underside dark brown onyclia \a,i\ atrosujf'usa, B. J . Upperside purplish-brown; $ with a white spot in centre of forewing scintillata. Utica onycha, Hevvitson (Plate iii., figs. 14, 39). 111. Diurn. Lep. p. 53, t. 24, f. 11, 12, 1865; Herr.-Schff., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1869, p. 72; Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 166, 1878; Druce, P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 116 : Zt/c. miskini, Lucas, Proc. R. Soc. Qsld. 1889, p. 158, f. 5, 6, 7 : Theclinesthes eremicola, Pagenst., Zoologica, xxvii. p. 123, pi. ii. tig. 9, 1900. (J. 1 1-16 mm. (14). Upperside brown, covered ^yith lilac- bluish scales except on outer margins and costal margin of hind- wing; dark blue basally; a dark round caudal spot to hindwing more or less bordered with white, and sometimes on either side often extending well along outer margin, further interneural dark spots more or less bordered with white. Tail short, highly ciliated, black, tipped with white. Norvules more or less marked with brown. Cilia whitish. Underside. — Forejviiuj some shade of brown, usually pale, with spots often of same shade as groundcolour, often darker brown, bordered on both sides more or less prominently with white; 1st in middle of cell often represented b}' two parallel white lines, or sometimes a spot extending below cell, a small spot sometimes above it on costa; 2nd at end of cell, often with a spot above it on costa; discal band from costa sometimes to 1st median, sometimes to submedian ; a submarginal whitish lunular inter- neural band often obscure, a dark marginal line; base of wing sometimes showing greyish scales. Cilia whitish. Hindn-ing concolorous with forewing; spots similar to forewing consisting of a subbasal band of three crossing middle of cell, one elongated at end of cell, a discal curved band, bent at anal angle; a sub- marginal lunular band, a whitish suffusion very often between middle of discal band and outer margin; a jet black anal spot BY (3. A. AVATERHOUSE. 241 crowned with white, a jet black caudal spot crowned with yellow, orange or orange-red; a dark marginal line. Cilia whitisli. 9. 12-15 mm. (14). Upperside with costal and outer margins broadly brown, centrobasal areas blue, in which the nervules are usually marked with brown. On hindwing a sub- marginal interneural series of white lunules, sometimes only con- fined to anal angle. A dark caudal spot. Cilia white, slightly brown at terminations of nervules. Tail as in ^. Underside brown, usually darker than in ^, with spots and bands as in ^, but much better defined and usually with much wider white borders. Caudal and anal spots as in ^, but larger. In some specimens white suffusions present beyond discal bands in both wings; and in one specimen, with the exception of band and spots, nearly the whole of hindwing suffused with white. This species was described and figured by Hewitson from a female specimen; his figure represents a form which is rather the exception than the rule. Semper was the first to describe the male, and the remarks of these early entomologists leave no doubt in my mind that Lucas' species is the same. Druce has pointed out that T. eremicola is a synonym. This species, which bears a superficial resemblance to Foly. boeticus, is one of the most variable of our Australian Lyccenidcv, it being very difficult to get two specimens exactly alike. S3dney specimens are much paler and more suffused on the underside than those from Mackay, while those from N.W. Australia are also paler, but they are not much suffused. Amongst over one hundred specimens from five or six different localities I have examined, I find it very difficult to say exactly which is the typical form. Loc. — Sydney to Cape York, Port Darwin, North West Aus- tralia {$ 40, 9 15). Utica onycha var. atrosuffusa, var.nov. (J. 10-11 mm. Neuration and shape as in U. onycha {$) but much smaller; tail shorter and more highly ciliated. 16 242 AUSTRALIAN IIUOPALQCKRA : LVC.I-LMD.E, III., Upper side lilac-blue, mucli dai-ker basally, with linear brown outer margins; costal margin of hindw-ing brown; a trace of caudal spot to hindwing; tail black, tipped with white. Cilia white, at terminations of nervules well marked with brown. Underside. — Foreiving brown, with markings as in U. oui/chahut darker; apical area whitish-grey^ which extends some- what along outer margin. Outer marginal line black. Cilia white. Hindivinq with basal half dark brown, outer lialf whitish- grey, obscuring any markings that may be present; a black outer marginal line, in two specimens no anal or caudal spots, in another slight traces of these spots. Cilia white. The first specimen of this variety was caught in Sept., 1900, and I at once saw that it was either a marked variety of U. oni/cha or else a new species; but the want of further material deterred me from describing it; since then, however, two other specimens have been caught, tending to show that my original specimen was not an accidental variation. This variety may be distinguished from U. oiDjchi by its much smaller size, the deeper shade of blue on upperside, the white outer marginal suffusions, and the very dark basal half of hindwing on underside. Type in the author's collection. Xoc. — Como near Sydney (L. V. Waterhouse and F. Brown). Utica onycha var. albocincta, var.nov. This form differs from U. onycha in having the upperside suffused wuth bluish, and the outer margins of both wings marked with whitish bands, which are better defined on hindwing. Two males received from Dr. A. J. Turner, caught at Peak Downs, Q., in July. Though not in the best of preservation, these two specimens show that a most marked variety, if not a distinct species, has hitherto been overlooked. Utica scintillata, Lucas (Plate iii., figs. 15, 36). Lye. scintillata, Lucas, Proc. R. Soc. Qsld. 1889, p. 157, f. 8-10. $. 12mm. Upperside bronze-brown, with a shining purplish reflection, outer margins narrowly brown, costal margin BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 243 of hind wing brown; base of wings dark blue; dark round caudal and anal spots. Tail black, bordered with white. Cilia brown. Underside. — Forevnng brown, with darker brown spots and bands as in U. oiti/cha, a broad band of white on either side of discal brown band, a brown submarginal lunular band. Cilia brown. Hindwivg brown, with darker brown spots and band as in U. 07iycha, upper half of discal band disjointed, very dark brown, bordered on either side with broad white bands; caudal spot round, jet black, crowned with orange. Cilia whitish. ^. 10-13 mm. U p p e r s i d e. — Forewimj blackish-brown, with the cell and inner margin from base to near angle covered with pale metallic-blue scales ; a variable white spot just beyond end of cell, situated between subcostal and 1st median. Cilia white. Hindivhiy blackish-brown, with a very variable suffusion of pale blue metallic scales between subcostal and submedian, apical angle whitish, outer marginal interneural series of white lunules; caudal spot black, crowned with white. Cilia whitish. Tail black, tipped with white. Underside as in $ but spots and bands much better defined and darker, white patches more extensive. This beautiful little species appears to be rare, and I have been able to obtain only rather worn specimens for examination; its nearest ally is JSfac. palmyra, especially on the underside, but the purplish-brown of the male and the pale blue metallic scales of the female easily distinguish it. The female may be distinguished from the females of the allied forms N. lineata and ^Y. palmyra by the much less extensive white patch of the forewing. Loc. — Hichmond River, N.S.W., to Cairns, Q: (^ 2, 9 8). Ogyris, Westwood. Gen. Diurn. Lep. ii. p. 47*2, 1850; Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. K S.Wales, 1890 pp. 23-28. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex somewhat acute, outer margin sometimes convex or sometimes straight, inner margin straight. Himhving rounded, often dentate or drawn out at anal 244 AUSTRALIAN RHOPA LOCKllA : /. YC.KSJD.E III., angle into a blunt tail, sometimes with three blunt tails. Sub- costal nervure of fore wing three-branched, the 1st brancli being entirely free from costal nervure; anal lobe imperfectly developed. This remarkable group, with the exception of 0. ineekii, Roths., from New Guinea, i.s confined to the Australian Continent and Kangaroo Island, and is noted for the brilliancy of the colour of the upperside, and the marked dissimilarit}' between the sexes. On account of the marked differences between the sexes, I have found it necessar}^ to give a table of each. A. (^ . Upperside metallic blue. a. Almost linear black outer margins on upperside. a^. Underside with discal band of forewing straight oro'tes. b^. Underside with discal band of forewing irregular Jieu-itsonL h. Broad black outer margin to forewing. ai. Blue costal margin cunaryUis. />^. Black costal margin ianthis. c. Hindwing produced at anal angle to a blunt tail, a conspi- cuous apical white splash to forewing a none. B. Upperside purple, with dark margins. a. Kich velvet purple, produced at anal angle to a blunt tail, of large size (jenoveva. />. Rich velvet purple, outer margin of hindwing rounded, of moderate size ahrota. r. Dark purple, narrow outer margins, that of hindwing rounded, of moderate size hamardi. d. Dull purple, very broad outer margins, that of hindwing rounded, of moderate size olane. t. Violet -brown, outer margin of hindwing rounded, of large size , idmo. f. Purplish-brown, slightly produced at anal angle, of mode- rate size otanes. A. 2 ' Upperside metallic blue. a. Cell of underside of forewing scarlet. a^. Very broad black margins to forewing amaryUis. h'^. Broad black margins to forewing, black spot at end of cell hewitsoni. c^. Anal angle produced to a blunt tail anionc. h. Underside with discal band of forewing straight ,.. oroctes. BY G. A. WATERnOUSE. 245 B. Forewing with a large coloured spot extending into cell. a. Spot pale lemon, nearly circular ahrota. b. Spot rich orange, extending to base iantJiin. C. Forewing with a pale lemon spot external to end of cell of forewing. a. Basal colour green, blue, light or dark purple, two or three blunt tails to hnidwnig and vars. h. Central areas violet, hindwing rounded, fringes white, of large size idiiio. c. Central areas purple, hindwing rounded, of moderate size., otanes. D. Without any light spot to forewing. a. Hindwing on underside with large white blotches on eosta ohnie. h. Hindwing on underside without white blotches harnardi. Ogyris gexoveva, Hewitson. Exot. Butfc. i. t. 1, figs. i3, 6, 9, 1853 ; Misk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lorid. 1883, p. 343, pi. 15; Stand., Exot. Schmett. t. 96, 1888: 0. zosine, Hew., Exot. Butt., i. t. 1, figs. 3, 4, ^, 1853; Cat. Lye. B.M. t. 1, f. 7, cJ, 1862. The male of this species is dark velvety purple on upperside in southern forms, and dull light purple in northern forms The underside of southern specimens is also much richer and darker. It is difficult to say which is the typical form of the female, my series showing basal coloured areas of green from near Sydney and Brisbane, dark purple from the Richmond River, pale blue from Brisbane, and purplish-blue and dull purple from Townsville. The female has three tail-like projections to the median nervules, the middle one being smallest. Hewitson described and figured both male and female in the same work and on the same page, so that strictly 0. zosiitf' should stand for this species, but as it has always been known as 0. genoveva it is best that that name should be retained. Hewitson figures (Cat. Lye. B.M.) the underside of 0. zosine 9, but this is clearly an error for the male, since no pale-coloured subapical blotch is shown. The New Guinea species, .0. meekii, Roths., is close to this species, but has a much better developed tail. Exp. (J 20-28 mm. (25), 9 20-31 mm (27) (S ''^), 9 ^0). 246 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCKRA : LYC.'h:y 1 DJl, III., Ogykis iENONE, Watei'liouse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 339, pi. xiv. fig. 9 $. Since the description was published last year, Mr. G, Turner has procured three specimens (^J 1, 9 2) from Cooktown, so that I am now able to describe the female. 9. Shape very much as in $. Upperside. — Forewing paler blue, with much broader costal and slightly broader outer margins, a black bar at end of cell, a large white splash on costa very near apex. Hindwmg paler blue, with broader costal margin, otherwise as in $. Underside. — Foreivirvj as in $ except that the cell is orange-red between the black spots instead of grey, and that the basal portion between median and submedian nervures is black. Hindwing rather darker than in ^. Exp. 5922 mm. ((Jl, 9I). Ogyris ORa:TES, Hewitson. Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 3, t. i. tigs. 12, 13 9, 1862 ; Waterh., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 335, pi. xiv. figs. 1, 2. This species may be recognised by the acute apex, the straight outer margin and the straight discal band of underside of fore- wing. Except in shape and shade of blue, this species is identical with 0. heivitsoni on the upperside. Loc. — Brisbane to Townsville. Exp. $ 18-20 mm. (19), 9 19-22 mm. (21) (^ 7, 9 7). Ogyris iiewitsoni, Waterhouse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 338, pi. xiv. figs. 5-8 : 0. amaryUis, And. & Spry (nee Hew.), Vict. Butt. p. 103, 1894. This species closely resembles 0. orietei< on upperside and 0. amaryllis on underside. Mr. H. Brown has lately caught speci- mens at Cairns, thus extending its range north from Townsville. Exp. S 15-22 mm. (19), 9 17-23 mm. (21) {$ 20, 9 7). BY G. A. WATEKHOUSE. 247 OgYRIS AMARYLLIS, HewitsOll. Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 3, t. 1, figs. 5-6 (9), 18G2; Waterh., Proc. Linn. Soc. N'.S. Wales, 1902, p. 336, pi. xiv. figs. 3-4. This ma}' be recognised by the much darker blue, and the broader margins to the wings on the upperside. The female, as in 0. hewitsoni 9, has scarlet in cell of forevving on underside. JjOG. — Northern New South Wales and S. Queensland. Exp. (J 16-20 mm. (18), 9 17-22 mm. (19) (^J 15, 9 15). Ogyris iantiiis, Waterhouse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1900, 52-54, pi. i. figs. 1-4; /.c. 1902, 341. This may be recognised by the metallic blue colour, the very broad margins on upperside of forewing in (J, the orange central blotch in 9, and the few and indistinct markings of underside of hindwing. Mr. O. Lower informs me that he has lately received a specimen (^^) from Chillagoe, N.Q., the only other authentic record being Sydney. Exp. g 15-19 mm. (17), 9 15-20 mm. (19) (^ 20, 9 19). Ogyris abrota, Doubleday & Hewitson. Gen. Diurn. Lep. t. 75, f. 8 (9), 1850; Hew., Exot. Butt, i, t. 1, f. 1, 2(^), 1853; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. p. 109, 1894: 0. cathariua, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 218, 1865. The male is a rich velvety purple with black margins; and the female may be recognised by the large lemon spot on the fore- wing. In this species, as opposed to 0. barnardi, the forewing appears to be rather lengthened, though otherwise they are very close on the upperside. I cannot agree with Mr. Miskin's remark that Hewitson's description does not agree with his figure; in my opinion both figure and description refer to this species. It seems that the name 0. darno was given to this species in a British Museum List without description. Log. — Victoria, New South Wales, S. Queensland. Exp. (J 19-23 mm. (21), 9 19-24 mm. (22) {g 25, 9 15). 248 AUSTRALIAN RIWPALOCERA : LYC.KS I D.E, III., OgYRIS 13ARNARDI, Miskill. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 27. I liave seen only four specimens of this species, apparently all males, in the Queensland and Australian Museums. Above they are dark purple, with dark outer margins. The upperside may be described as having the colouration of 0. ahrotawith. the shape of 0. olane. On the underside the markings approach 0. olaite^ but the hind wing is without the white suftusions of that species. I consider it quite a distinct species. According to Miskin the female is allied to 0. olane an^l not to 0. ahrota. Log. — Dawson River, Q. OfiYRis OLANE, Hewitson. Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 2, t. 1, figs. 10, 11, 1862; And. k Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p, 105, 1894. This species is recognised by the very broad dark margins, leaving the centrobasal areas only purple in ^J, bluish-purple in 9- On the underside there is usually a whitish suffusion near apex of both wings. Loc. — South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and pro- bably S. Queensland. Exp. (J 18-19 mm. (18), 9 17-22 mm. (19) {$ 5, 9 1:3). Ogyris idmo, Hewitson. Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 2, t. 1, figs. 3, 4, 18(32; 111. Diurn. Lep. Lye. p. 2, 1863; And. k Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. p. 104, 1894: 0. oroutas, Hew., Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 2, t. 1, figs. 8, 9, 1862. This species may be recognised by its large size, and not being drawn out towards anal angle; above the male is purplish-brown, the female brown with centrobasal areas purplish, and a yellowish spot just beyond cell of forewing. In 1862 Hewitson made both his 0. idmo and 0. orontas females, but in 1863 he corrected himself, making his 0. orontas the male and using 0. idmo for the specific name, as it evidently I BY G. A. WATERIIOUSE. 249 had been thus given some years before by E. Doubleday in an unpublished British Museum List. O. idmo appears as a noraen nudum in ' The Genera.' Mr. Miskin does not appear to have noticed this, for in this Society's Proceedings (1890, p. 24) he says that specimens of both sexes of 0. orontas are in the Australian Museum. I have very carefully examined the specimens in the Australian Museum without finding any but females of 0. idmo, and a male identical with Hewitson's figure of 0. orontas. Mr. J. J. Walker has caught this species in West Australia, other- wise it is known from South Australia and Victoria. Exp. $ 26 mm., 9 27 mm. ($ 2, 9 1). Ogyris otanes, Felder. Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 217, t.28, f. 1-3, 1865; Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 23 : 0. halmatitria, Tepper, Common Lisects S. Aust. ii. p. 12, 1890. In shape the male is like a small male of 0. (jenoveva, with scarcely so long an anal projection; colour above brown, with a very faint purplish reflection; the female has the yellowish patch just beyond cell on f orewing, and centrobasal areas purplish. On the underside the markings are obscure except those of cell of forewing. My specimens are in very poor condition, but Felder's figures are excellent. Miskin was quite wrong in supposing that this was a southern form of (>. (jeiioveva. I most certainly agree with Lower who says that Tepper's 0. halmaturia comprises 0. otanes $ and 0. idmo ^. Loc. — South Australia and Kangaroo Island. Exp. $ 21-22 mm. (21), 9 22-23 mm. (22) {$ I, 9 1), Arhopala, Boisduval. Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 75, 1832; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 226, 1890 : Amhlypodia auctorum (nee Horsf.). Forewing with three subcostal nervules, costa gently arched, apex acute, outer margin straight, llindtviny furnished with a single tail (in Australian species); anal lobe not very distinct. 250 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYCJiMD.E, III , The species that this genus was erected for are A. phry.rus, Boisd., and A. meander, Boisd. In Australia the genus is repre- sented by three, somewhat similar, large, brilliantly coloured species, and a smaller, duller-coloured species for which in the future it may be necessary to erect a new genus. The three large species will be included in the following general description; specific details will be found under the various species. (J. XJ p p e r s i d e. — Fore?ving brilliant metallic blue or purple, with narrow brown or black costal and outer margins. Hindwing brilliant metallic blue or purple, broad costal, narrow outer brown or black margins. Abdominal fold pale brown. XJ n d e r s i d e. — Foreii'ing brown, marked by a series of darker brown spots and bands bordered with white. Three spots in cell, one subbasal, second in middle, third marking end of cell, an irregular blotch below second external to cell; a dark spot out- wardly bordered with white adjoining cell between 1st and 2nd medians; a straight broad transverse discal band from costa to beyond 1st median. Hindwing brown, with darker brown spots and band. A dark spot on costa at base, a series of four sub- basal, one above, one in middle of, another below cell, fourth on abdominal margin ; a second series beyond these, similarly situated, the last forming on abdominal margin the termination of discal band; end of cell marked by an elongated spot; discal band broad, bent near anal angle, often joined near middle to spot at end of cell. Anal lobe marked with a round black spot, crowned with metallic blue or green scales often extending along margin to 2nd median nervnie. Thorax above with metallic scales. The species may be distinguished : — A. Of large size; J' with narrow, $ with broad marghis on upper- side; brown below. a. Underside light brown, often with whitish patches eupolis. h. Underside dark brown. a^. Upperside in both sexes dark purple aniytis. 61. Upperside in both sexes blue meander, B. Of moderate size_, groundcolour of underside white iciUlei. BY G. A. WATKRHOUSE. 251 In Ills 'Butterflies of India,' etc., de Niceville assigns over fifty species to this genus from that region. Akhopala meander, Boisduval. Voy. Astr. Lep. p. 76, 1832; Amhlypodia meander, Hew., Cat. Lye. B.M. t. 2, figs. 4-G, 1862. (J. 22-27 mm. (24). Upper side brilliant shining blue, with a faint greenish suffusion basally, margins narrow, black. Tail black, tipped with white. Under sid e. — Botli ivings dark brown, with the spots and bands often hardly discernible, that portion of forewing covered by hindwing pale brown; spots in cell of forewing usually onty indicated by their whitish borders ; discal area of forewing slightly paler; greenish metallic scales at anal angle. 9. 22-26 mm. (24). Upperside. — Foi'eunng shining l)lue without a trace of purple; black margin narrow on costa at base, then increasing very much to apex, outer margin very broad- Hindvnng shining blue, with broad costal and outer margins. Underside as in (J, but usually more indefinite; metallic scales at anal angle often wanting. This species is distinguishable from the two allied forms by the blue colour and the broader black margins of the upperside in both sexes^ and by the dark underside, with the markings very often obscured, though I have seen specimens in which the mark- ings are well defined, the spots in the cell often in the ^ being- bordered by metallic scales, and also sometimes in $ there is a large whitish patch on costa near apex. Very often the under- side has a purplish sheen. Log. — Rockhampton to Cape York {^ 5, 9 11). Ariiopala amytis, Hewitson. Amhlypodia amytis, Hew., Cat. Lye. B.M. p. 4, t. 2, figs. 7-9, 1862; Semp., Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 168, 1878 : A. cyronthey Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 43. Q. 22-25 mm. (23). Upperside purple, with narrow black margins. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia brown. 25 2 AUSTRALIAN JUIOPA LOCEllA -. L YC. KMD.E, III. , U 11 d e i- s i (1 e dark brown, with a purplish suffusion, spots and bands darker brown, those in cell of forewing often bordered with metallic blue. Anal angle marked with green scales. 9. 21-26 mm. (24). U p p e r s i d e. — Both wings purple inclin- ing to blue basally; costal margin black, narrower towards base than at apex where it is widest; outer margin l)roadly black. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia white. The black outer margin of hindwing much narrower than that of forewing. Underside as in ^ but usually much paler brown, spots in cell of forewing rarely bordered with greenish. In this species the colour of the sexes on the upperside is more nearly alike than in the other two species; the margins are narrower than in A. meander; on the underside it occupies a position intermediate between yl. meander and A. eupolis. With regard to ^4. cyrouthe, described by Miskin from two males, which I have seen in the Queensland Museum, I do not think it suffi- ciently distinct to rank as a separate species. loQ^ — Mackay to Cape York, Port Darwin (^J 5, 9 3). Arhopala eupolis, Miskin (Plate ii., fig. 32). Amblypodia eupolis, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 42. (J. 20-26 mm. (22). Upperside dull purple, with narrow brown costal and outer margins, base of wings with metallic blue scales. Tail brown, tipped with white. Cilia brown. Under sid e. — Forewing pale brown, with dark brown mark- ings usually distinctly bordered with white. From apex ^ along costa usually a large whitish suffusion. Cilia brown. Ilindujing pale brown, basal \ with purplish suffusion, l)ands and spots dark brown bordered with white; often a large whitish suffusion on either side of discal band. Anal metallic scales blue. g. 18-26 mm. (23). Upperside purple inclining to blue towards base, with broad dark brown costal and outer margins. Tail dark brown, tipped with white. Cilia brown. Underside light Ijrown, with darker spots and bands with- out any patches of whitish as in (J. Anal metallic scales blue. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 253 Tlie female of this species very closely resembles A. amytis 9 on the upperside, but the underside is very different. The species has a closer resemblance to A. aitiytis than to A. meander^ and of the three species is the least brilliant. Loc. — Mackay to Cape York, Port Darwin {$ 7, 9 7). Arhopala wildei, Miskin (Plate ii., figs. G-7). Syn. Cat. Rhop. Aust. p. 71, 1891. (J. 20mm. Upperside dull light blue, with black outer margins. Tail black, tipped with white. Cilia white. Underside. — Forewing white, with a pale brown even costal and outer margin; three darker brown spots in cell, a sub- apical diagonal row of fOur spots below which on disc are two others smaller. Cilia at angle white. Hindiving white, with brown spots arranged much as in the general description; discal brown band rather broken, beginning on costa with a large oblong blotch. Outer brown margin narrower than in forewing, ill defined. Anal lobe not well developed, marked with black. Cilia white. 9. 22 mm. U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing with base, costa, apex and outer margin broadly black, inner margin less broadly black; rest of wing white, slightly sprinkled with blue scales on base. Cilia white. Hindwing with base, costa and outer margin broadly black; cell black basally, then Avhite slightly suffused with blue scales; central white area not so clearly marked off as in forewing. Tail black. Cilia white. U n d e r s i d e as in ^. This rare and distinct species was for long only known from the types in the Queensland Museum which are not in the best of condition; Miskin's description is good, so that I have only to add to it a few minor details as the result of the two much better specimens I have been able to examine. I know of only five specimens of this rare species, all from Cairns {$ I, 9 1). 254 AUSTRALIAN RllOPALOCERA : LVC.KS ID.E, III., Ialmenus, Hiibner. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 75, 1816 ; (part) Hew., 111. Diurn. Lep. p. 52, 1865. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex blunt, outer margin nearly straight in g, slightly convex in 9, inner margin straight; subcostal nervure with 3 or 4 branches in $, 3 in 9. Hindivivg with costa arched, apex round, outer margin straight towards apex, then prolonged into 3 or 4 tail-like projections, which help to discriminate between species, that to 1st median nervule always longest, and usually developed into a long tail. Anal lohe well defined. Scheme of marking almost the same for every species, the variation being mainly in colouration. Upper side. — Forewing black or brown, with a metallic patch occupying about ^ wing; beginning basally it occupies J to whole of cell, extending slightly beyond it, thence sweeping round almost in a circle to inner margin. Nervules in this metallic area well defined. End of cell marked by a conspicuous dark elongate spot. Dark margin paler basally, very wide at apex, decreasing to angle where it ends. Hiiidioing black or brown, with a metallic patch occupying h wing, beginning basally and bounded by subcostal and submedian nervures, of greater extent towards anal angle, nervules in this patch well defined. Anal lobe black or orange; a round large jet black caudal spot crowned with red or orange; between 1st median nervule and submedian nervure near margin black or brown, crowned with white or bluish, never oran^'e; a submarginal interneural white line usually more exten- sive in 9. The projections always longer in 9. Abdominal fold paler. Underside. — Forewing some shade of stone-grey or pale brown, with darker spots and bands usually bordered with paler colour ; three spots in cell, 1st subbasal, 2nd in middle, 3rd elongate, marking end of cell; below 2nd, outside cell rarely in g but usually in 9, a very variable spot, sometimes very large, some- times only a dot; a macular interneural discal band beginning almost from costa, extending to submedian nervure; costal spots BY G. A. VVATEKHOUSK. 255 smaller, nearly round, others elongate, lowest often inconspicuous, placed usually somewhat nearer base. Outer margin marked with black or brown, just internal to which is a pale orange or brown marginal band, internal to which again is often a darker almost macular submarginal band. Hindivmg concolorous with forewing. Four subbasal spots, 1st above, 2nd in, 3rd below cell, 4th on margin, 3rd and 4th usually wanting in (J, rarely in 9. A band of three spots crossing middle of cell, one above and one below cell, an elongated spot marking end of cell; an interneural macular discal band beginning from costa at about ^, bent near anal angle and then double to middle of inner margin. Caudal and anal lobe spots jet black, conspicuous, crowned with some shade of orange, often with a connecting splash of orange. Outer margin marked with black or brown, just internal to which is a white line; marginal and submarginal bands as in forewing. The above will include all the species placed in this genus; the varying divergences of colour will be noted under each species. The most marked differences occur in the shape and neuration. The type of the genus is /. evagoras, Don., which has three subcostal branches in both sexes. All the others are similar, except /. ictinus, Hew., and /. lithochroa, mihi, which have four in (J; perhaps these two should be placed in Zesius, Hiibn.,* (type Z chrysomallus^ Hiibn., from India), but I cannot see any reason for separating, two such closely allied species as /. ictinus and /. ddnieli, which were regarded by Miskin as conspecific. The species may be discriminated by means of the following table : — A. Tail to 1st median nervule of hindwing nearly 5 inch. a. Outer margins black; markings of underside black. cji. Metallic areas silvery blue evagoras. &i. Metallic areas opalescent white euhulus, c^. Metallic areas blue (c^ $ ), submarginal bands on under- side black , eichhorni. h. Outer margins brown; metallic areas green J^, or blue $ . «!. Underside with markings black ictinus. &^. Underside with markings pale brown ddmeli. * Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 77, 1816. 256 AUSTR ALT AN Jill OP A LOCK HA : L VCJLy I DAI. III., B. Tail to 1st median about i inch; metallic areas green J, or blue $ litlwchroa. C. Tail very short, inconspicuous. a. Metallic areas green cf, or blue $ inom. h. Metallic areas brassy; of small size dementi. Ialmenus evagoras, Donov'an (PLatesii., fig. 33; iii., fig. 18). Fap. evaf/oras, Don., Ins. New HolL t. 30, f. 1, 1805; Staud.^ Exot. Schmebt. t.95, 1888; And. & Spry, Vict. Butt. ii. pp.97, 98, 1894 : Foly. ccalestis, Drap., Ann. Sc. Ph3^sc. Brux. ii, p. 354, t. 30, f. 3, 1819. g. 17-21 mm. (19); 9. 16-24 mm. (21). The largest and com- monest species of the genus. It is recognised by the very black outer margins, the light silvery blue central areas, and the caudal and anal orange-red blotches. Colour on underside buff, with markings black; (in two specimens light brown). Three subcostal nervules in both sexes. Zoc— South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, Brisbane ((?14, 9 14). Ialmenus eubulus, Miskin. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 457. (J. 17-19 mm. (18); 9.21mm. Immediately recognised by the large opalescent white central areas and the narrow black margins. Colour on underside buff, with narrow black markings. It is the lightest in the genus, has the shape and neuration of /. PvagoraSy and takes the place of that species in N. Queensland. Loc. — Rockhampton, Duaringa, Q. {$ 2, 9 !)• Ialmenus eichhorni, Staudinger. Exot. Schmett. p. 275, 1888; Druce, P.Z.S. 1902, ii. p. 120, pi. xi. f. 11 : /. itonns, Misk., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1890, p. 41. ^. 15-17 mm. (16), 9. 21mm. At once recognised by the black submarginal bands of underside which in all the other species are some shade of brown or orange. Central areas pale bluish-green, the markings from below better reproduced above HV G. A. WATERHOUSE. 257 than ill the other species. KShape and neuration as in /. rvagoras. Why Dr. Staudinger did not figure this species when he descriV)ed it, instead of his figure of the well known /. evagoras, I cannot understand. Druce's figure confirmed my opinion that /. itoitihs was identical with this species. Loc. — Cape York, Cooktown (Macleay Mus.), Mackay (Lower) (lack spot at end of cell, a black discal Wand, a yellowish suffusion corresponding to spot of upperside, outer margin brown. Cilia pale brown. Hindwing grey, a black spot bordered with white at end of cell, above which is an elongate spot; marginal red band bounded internally by white, externally by black; round black caudal and anal spots, an ovoid black spot aV>ove anal angle. Cilia black towards anal angle, pale brown towards apex. 9. 14-17 mm. (16). Shape as in ^J, with forewing broader. Upperside as in. (J, orange spot of forewing larger, not divided by dark nervules, spot and band of hindwing larger. U n d e r s i d e as in rj, with spots and bands larger, sometimes a broken discal black band to hindwing, usually represented by a single spot near anal angle in ^. Mr. F. Brown has bred specimens from Katoomba, N.S.W., with white cilia and groundcolour of underside pure white. Loc. — Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales (^10, 9 7). PsEUDONOTis, Druce. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 252, 1894. Druce describes his genus as allied to lliysonotls, Hiibn., ( = Diinis, Fabr.), but differing in having costal nervure free from 1st subcostal, and one subcostal nervule deficient. The species he includes have all, I believe, a single tail, and are shaped and coloured rather as in Daiiis than as in the group represented by Sithon danis, Feld. No doubt a new genus will yet be erected to contain this spscies, which will also include the Australian form. PsEUDONOTis TUR>JEHi, Waterhouse (Plate ii., fig. 28). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1902, p. 648. (J. 15-17 mm.; 9. 12-15 mm. Subcostal only two-branched, 1st branch free from though close to costal nervure. Zoc. —Cairns, Q. ((J 1, 9 2). 262 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA : LYC.F.M D.K, 111., Hypolyc^.na, Felder. Wieii. Eiit. IMonat. .vi. p. 293, 1862; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 389, 1890. Both sexes with a two-branched subcostal in forewing; costa of forewing straighter in ^; anal lobe moderately well developed, two tails each about ^^ inch to 1st median and submedian of hind- wing. With the exception of Fseiidonotis turneri, the two insects placed in this genus are the only recorded Australian species having two long filamentous tails to the hindwing of approximately equal length; in addition the males both have a large circular discoidal black spot on forewing which at once marks them off. Type H. fmoias, Feld., from the Philippines. If the two recorded species can be considered distinct, they may be separated by the males as follows : — A. Uppei'side with central areas shining blue, almost disappearing in some lights » , pliorhas. B. Upperside dark grey somewhat suffused with bluish .. noctula. Hypolyc.ena phorbas, Fabricius (Plate ii., fig. 27). Nesperla phorba.^, Fabr., Syst. Ent. iii. p. 277, 1793, Don., Ins. Ind. t. 41, f. 5, 1800; Hew., 111. Diurn. Lep. t.21, f. 5, 7, 8, 1866: H. dictcm (9), Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 242, t. 30, f. 19, 20, 1865. (J. 14-19 nun. (16). Upperside. — Foreiving blue with black outer margin, widest at apex, decreasing to angle; a large round black discocellular spot below which is often a whitish suffusion. Cilia white. Hindwing blue inclining to purple, a white marginal line above which is a series of white lunules which together enclose dark spots. Anal angle faintly yellowish. Two equal filamentous tails. Cilia white. Underside. — Forewing greyish-white, a darker bar at end of cell and a straight discal band. Hindwing greyish-white, a dark subbasal spot between costal and subcostal nervures, a dark bar at end of cell, a dark straight discal band to anal angle where it is bent, running to inner margin; a dark marginal line, above BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 263 which is a greyish band. Anal lobe black; caudal spot black, crowned with orange. Cilia white. 2- l-i)-19 mm. (17). Shape somewhat as in ^ but broader. U p p e r s i d e. — Forewing greyish-black, a central whitish spot which may extend to inner margin or is often nearly efiaced. Cilia white, Hindtoinj greyish-black, a marginal white line above which is a lunular band, together enclosing dark spots; sometimes above this again a band of interneural whitish suffu- sions. Anal lobe yellowish. Tails black lined with white. Cilia white. Underside as in ^. This is a variable species, particularly the female, which is often almost without any white on upperside. In the Macleay Museum there is a female which has a much more convex outer margin to the forewing, and is a much broader insect, but I am inclined to think it is the same species as this. Log. — Mackay to Cape York, Thursday Island, Port Darwin (S 7, 2 6). Hypolycena noctula, Staudinger. Exot. Schmett. p. 283, t. 96, 1888. The figure does not appear to be very good, and is much smaller than the average //. phorbas ^. Both tigure and description point to a species very close to H. phorbas q. The upperside is given as a dark grey shot with bluish, and the underside greyish-black with markings evidently much as in //. phorbas. It has the two tails and circular patch on forewing as in //. ^^horbas ^, of which the two known specimens are probably only varieties. Loc. — Cooktown. Deudorix, Hewitson. (Part) 111. Diurn. Lep. p. 16, 1863; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 448, 1890. Forewing triangular; apex acute, outer margin straight in ^, slightly convex in 9; subcostal three-branched. Hhidiving much produced at anal angle, outer margin nearly straight, a single 264 AUSTRALIAN JUiOPA LOCHRA : lA'C.ESID.K, III., filamentous tail to 1st median ; anal l(jbe remarkal)ly well developed. Type D. epijarba.^, Moore. The two species may be divided — A. Uppeiside in ^ with red central areas, in $, grey diocis, B. Upperside in both sexes with central areas blue cpirus. Deudorix diovis, Hewitson (Plate iii., hg. 24). 111. Diuni. Lep. p. -31, t. 7, f. 10-12, 186:3. (J. 1-1-19 mm. (IG). U p p e r s i d e. — Foreiuimj glossy black, a deep red patch between median and submedian nervures extending I across wing. Hindiolng deep red, with dark brown nervules and a broad costal black margin narrowest at apex, abdominal margin pale brown, anal lobe perfect, red centred with l)lack. Tail \ in. long, black, tipped with w^hite. Cilia black. Underside. — Forewiny brownish, with a purple sheen, a darker broad spot at end of cell, a broad discal band, Cilia brown, llindtning brownish with a purple sheen, a broad spot at end of cell, a very broad discal band, bent near anal angle; anal lobe wholly black, above which are a few metallic scales; caudal spot some distance from margin, black nearly surrounded with yellow. Cilia Ijrown. 9. 1-1-18 mm. (17). U p p e r s i d e. — Both icinys slate-grey, cilia orange, near anal angle of hindwing white. Cell of forewing black, apex blackish. Anal lobe red, with a black spot covered with metallic scales. Tail long, black, tipped with wdiite. Underside. — Both tvings grey, cilia orange, otherwise as This species is the Australian form of the type of the genus, which it very closely resembles in the male, but the female of that species is brown rather than slate-grey. It is a species that fades considerably if exposed to sunlight, many males being light brown on the underside. Xoc— Richmond lliver, N.S.W., to Cairns, Q. {^ 5, 9 4). BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 265 Deudorix EPmus, Folder. Myrina epirns, Feld., Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Nat. CI. xl. p. 4.52, 1860 : D. despoena, Hew., 111. Diurn. Lep. p. 18, t. 6, f. 1, 3, 1863. (J. Upper side. — Forufving black, a large spot of cperuleaii blue touching inner margin from base to beyond middle, llind- icing with one tail; base of costal margin, apex, and border of abdominal fold pale brown; spot at end of cell, nervules and outer margin black. U n d e r s i d e — Foreinlng cream, outer margin and submarginal band brown; a large dark brown triangular spot at middle of costa. Hindwinij cream, crossed at middle by a narrow band, dark brown at first, rufous below, a broad brown band (which nearly meets the last described) near abdominal margin, outer margin near base of tail orange-yellow, bordered above and divided in middle by dark brown dotted with ])lue; a submarginal pale brown band from middle to near apex. 9. Upper side — Forewlny with costal and outer margins broadly black, a minute black spot at end of cell, base and inner margin blue, centre white. Hindtving light blue, a large white spot below middle of costal margin, outer margin broadly brown (narrow where the blue meets it) with submarginal line white; anal lobe black. Underside as in ^J except that the large spot on forewing is less triangular and the marginal l^ands broader. Exp. l'8in. Hewitson {J,.c.). This species is represented in Australia by a single pair in the Miskin collection from Cape York. They agree with Hewitson's figures, which Kirby sinks under D. epi'ni.>>. The male from Cape York has no secondary sexual characters, but I have not been able to give it a critical examination to absolutely decide its presence in this genus. The shape is as in D. diovis. 266 AUSTRALIAN RIlOPALOCh'RA : fA'C.l^y / DJ:, III., Rapala, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p. 105, hS81; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 454, 1890. Forewing triangular, costa straight, apex acute, outer margin slightly convex, inner margin in ^ with a broad tuft of hair beneath; subcostal three-branched. HindwiiKj produced towards anal angle, outer margin somewhat straight, a glandular patch of scales between costal and subcostal nervures, a single tail to 1st median, anal lobe well developed. Tj^pe DevAorix varunay Horsf. This genus is closely allied to Deudorix, but differs from it in having the hindwing less produced, and by the presence of secondary sexual characters which are absent in Deudorix. Of the two Australian species I place in this genus as having secondary sexual characters in the male, R. democles after thorough structural examination may have to be removed. A. Upperside glossy indigo-blue simsoni. B. Upperside pale blue ., democle>i. Hapala simsoxi, Miskin (Plate ii., fig. 2G). Deudorix simsoni, Misk., Ent. Mo. Mag. xi. p. 165, 1874: D. vanuia, Semp., (nee Horsf.) Mus. Godf. Lep. xiv. p. 167, 1878. ^. 13-17 mm. (15). Shape much as in D. diovis. Upperside deep indigo-blue, much darker on costal margins, outer margins well defined, narrow on hindwing, a white marginal line at anal angle; anal lobe well developed, black, crowned with orange; tail long, filamentous, black, tipped with white. Second- ar}^ sexual characters represented b}' a tuft of black hairs on middle of inner margin of forewing on underside, and a glandular patch of scales on costal margin of hindwing on upperside. Cijia brown. Underside brown with a purplish reflection, elongate spots marking end of cells, close to which are the broad dark discal bands, near anal angle Ijordered with white. Anal lobe marked b}- a large black spot; caudal spot round, black, crowned with white; a sutiusion of metallic scales near anal an2fle. Cilia white. HY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 2 G7 9. 15-17 mm. (15). Somewhat broader than in ^. U p p e r s i d e as in (J but much paler. U n d e r s i d e as in (J but without the purplish reflection. Semper records this species under D. varuna, Horsf., which, from descriptions, it appears to approach. I am inclined to regard it as the Australian form of B. orsei.^, Hew., as our species^ exactly agrees with de Niceville's* remarks on that species. Loc. — Brisbane to Cape York (^ 8, Q 5). Rapala democles, Miskin. Deiidorix democles, Misk., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 95. The only two known specimens, I believe, are two males in the Miskin collection, both with secondary sexual characters, which prevents their being placed in Dendorix. Failing a detailed structural examination, I think it best to place the species in Rapala. It is shaped much as in the previous species, with the upperside violet-blue margined with black; and the underside very light brown, with darker transverse bands much as in the previous species. Their size is about 17 mm. Log. — Johnston River, Q. BiNDAiiARA, Moore. Lep. Cey. i. p.lll, 1881; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 471, 189 0. Foreiving with costa and outer margin nearly straight; sub- costal three-branched. HiiuhuiiKj with distinct anal lobe, a single tail to 1st median, over \ inch long. This genus, which contains only one representative in Australia, differs from all Australian Lycsenidre in the possession of a very long tail. BiNDAHAKA suGKiVA, Horsfield (Plate ii., figs. 35-3G). Amhlypodia sugrira, Horsf., Cat. Lep. E.I.C. p. 105 (Thecla sugriva on pi. i. fig. 10), 1829 : Jjindahara svgriva, de Nicev., Butt. Ind. p. 475, 1890: />'. phocUes, Moore (nee Fabr.), Lep. Cey. i. p. 112, pi. xlii, figs. 3, ?>a, 1881. •Butt. Ind. iii. p. 461, 1890. 2()8 AUSTRALIAN lUlOPA LOCEIIA : LYCJIM D.i:, III., rj, 14-17 uiin. (16). U ppe I'si (] e. — Forewing velvety black. Hindtoiny velvety black, a variable l)lue patch on apical portion of outer margin. Underside. — Fortwinxj brown, a dark l)rown spot in cell at base, a l)road dark brown band near end of cell, a broad dark brown discal band. IJindwimj with costal portion brown as on forewing, i-emainder of wing yellowish, spots and bands not well defined. Anal lobe black; on either side of tail at base a black spot covered with metallic blue scales. 9. 1 6-19 mm. (17). IJ p p e r s i d e. — Foren^lng greyish-black. Hindwing with costa and base greyish-black, rest of wing white. Cilia and borders of tail white. Underside as in g, but the groundcolour white instead of brown; brown marginal bands to forewing and most of markings of hindwing obsolete. Mr. de Niceville remarked that the female of this species could not be distinguished from that of B. phocides, Fabr. Semper records this species from Australia as Sithon isahella, Feld., an Amboina species. Mr. R. E. Turner writes from Ceylon sa3'ing lie does not think B. sugriva can be retained for our 6w6species, though it is very variable. I am, however, inclined to agree with Miskin, and regard all the forms of this genus as one ver}^ vari- able species. £oG. — Townsville to Gape York, [Ceylon (typical)] {^ 2, Q 1). LiPHYRA, Westwood. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1864, p. 31; de Nicev., Butt. Ind. iii. p. 489, 1890 : Sterosis, Feld., Reise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 219, 1865. Head rather large; body short, thick; palpi nnnute; antennae thick, short, gradually thickened. Forevnng with subcostal nervure four-bi-anched. Hindunng rounded, LlPHYKA 15RASS0LIS, WestWOod. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1864, p. 31; Dist., Khop. Malay, p. 204, pi. xxii. fig. 18 9, 1884; Stand., Exot. Schmett. p. 269, pl.xciv.^J, 1888; Misk., Proc. Roy. Soc. Qsld. vi. p. 264, 1889; de Nicev., 15Y G. A. WATERIIOUSK. 269 Butt. Ind. iii. p. 491, figs. 2, 3 1890; Dodd, Entoiii. 1902, pp. 15G, 184 : Sterosis robnxfa, Feld., lleise Nov. Lep. ii. p. 219, pi. xxvii. figs. 10,11 9, 1865. ,^. 35-40 mm. (37); 9. 3G-41 mm. (39). The large size and the orange colour readily distinguish this species. The sexes are somewhat dissimilar in shape and pattern of marking. The Australian form does not appear to diff'er in an}^ marked degree from specimens from the East Indies. Loc. — Townsville to Thursday Island, Port Darwin (^ 2, 9 3). Lyc^na (?) HYPOLEUCA, Prittwitz. (nee KolL), Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1867, ^. 27 ?): Flebius amazara, Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 376, 1871. This species was described from two male specimens, supposed to have come from Botany Bay, having some resemblance to Gandalides erinus, Fabr., as figured by Donovan. What the species is I cannot sa}^ The description is not good, nor does there appear to be any definite character given. It is the only species of LyccHuidcH for which I can find an Australian record, that I am unable to place: and I can only say I doubt very much if the specimens came from Australia. Kirby's name was evidently given without seeing a specimen, on his finding- that Kollar had described a species as L. JiypohAica some few 3^ears before. Zeritis thyra, Linn. Miskin, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1888, p. 1520. Mr. Olliff caught two specimens of this species at Newcastle, which, there seems to be no doubt, were imported specimens from South Africa. In an appendix to his Catalogue, Mr. Miskin gives seven reputed Australian species, but most unfortunately does not mention the Australian references. Taruciis telicanus, Lang, is the well known species he gives as L. ji^eudocassius, and is the name that should be used. L. falemon, Cram., has been used in error for Una serpent afa, Herr.-Schff*. Cyaniris p.uspa, Horsf., 270 AUSTRALIAN RIIOPALOCERA -. LYC.Ey ID.K, III., is well known in India and Ceylon, and occurs also in Java, but it is extremely improbable if it was ever caught in Australia. I am unable to find the Australian reference. Lampides macroph- tkalnia, Feld., is probably meant for iV. berenice; it is recorded as Australian by Butler.* Lampides hermu,^, Feld., is identical with JVac. viola, Moore. Lyccena micylus, Cram., is an African species, and Darris philostratns, Felder, is from the Moluccas. Postscript (added July 9th, 1933). While this paper has been passing through the press, Mr. J. A. Kershaw, of Melbourne, sent me for examination a fine insect for which I propose Miletus meleagris, n.sp. (J. 16 mm. Fore wing shaped as in AI. ignita. Hind wing shaped much as in M. narcissus, with a projection to 1st median. Upperside rich shining purple with very narrow black margins; abdominal fold blackish. Cilia white interneurally. Underside brown, with markings as indicated in general description (p. 158), red, bordered narrowly with black, then broadly with metallic green. Costa of forewing with a broad metallic green splash; upper h of cell orange, two black spots in lower \ of cell, and one below. Outer margins orange, with an interneural series of metallic green spots, wanting at angle of forewing, but at anal angle of hindwing developed into a metallic green band extending nearly half way along abdominal margin. Cilia whitish, faintly spotted, with two jet black spots at termina- tions of submedian and 1st median of hindwing. Loc. — Card well, Q. Type ($) in Coll. Kershaw (^1). This species belongs to the ignita section of the genus, being *ihaped much as in J/, epicuru^. It is immediately distinguished by the rich colour and very narrow black apex of upperside, and the remarkable development of metallic green on the underside. Mr. J. A. Kershaw has allowed me to describe this magnificent species, which brings the number of Lyccenidce up to 115 species. * Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. j). 566, 1877. BY G. A. WATERHOUSE. 271 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate ii. Fig. I. — Eupyschellus dionislm, Boisd. Fig. 2. — Neojnthecops zalmora, Butl. Fig. 3.—Megisba nifira,M.isk. ^. Fig. 4.— ,, ,, „ $. Fig. 5. — Zizera delosj/da, n.sp. Fig, 6. — Arhojxila wildei, Misk. S" ■ Fig. 7.— „ ,, ,, ?• Fig, S.— Da nis (rpollonius, Felder $. Fig. 9.-^Una matJiewi, Misk. <^. Fig. 10.— Zizera alxulus, Herr.-Schff. 3" . Fig. IL — Cyaniris tenella, Misk. J". Fig. 12.— Pseudodipi^as fumidus, Misk. <^. Fig. 1.3.— „ ,, ,, $• Fig. 14. — ,, eone, F elder S'. Fig. 15.— „ „ ,> ?• Fig. 16.— MZ^fn.s rovena, Druce $. Fig. 17, — Candalidefi erinuH, Fabr. J^. Fig. 18.— „ ,, ,, ?• Fig. 19. — ,, a casta, Cox 3. Fig. 20.— ,, Injaciathlna, Serm^er 3. Fig. 21. — Una sulpitius, Misk. J^. Fig. 22. ~ Lucia pyrodiscus, Eosen. (^. Fig. 23.— ,, „ ,, 2' Fig.2i.—Candalides alhosericea,Wi&k. 3"- Fig. 25.- „ ,, „ 2. Fig. 26. — Rapala simsoni, Misk. 3- Fig. 27.— Hy poly ccena phorbas, Fabr. J'. Fig. 28.— Pseuclo7iotis timieri, Waterhouse $ . . Fig. 29.—I <-^^» kjj t \ 3 R A R Y ■r;r . \^ ■«fvC^-r.> •^«./ IJY C;. A. WATKRFIOUaE. INDEX TO LYC-ENID.i:. Synonyms and Extra-Australian Genera and Species in Italics. Gexkua. PAGE 1 PAGK Amhlypoil'm 249 Meg IS p. A 136, 142 Akhopala 138, 249 Miletus 137, 158 Austromyrina ... 257 Nacaduba 137, 220 BllSDAHARA 138, 267 Neopithecops .. 136, 140 Candalidf.s 137, 175 Ogyris 138, 193, 243 Catochrysops . 137, 201 Parapit h ecops . . . 140 Chilades 137, 209 PathMla 142 ChryyiO])han7('^ ... . 204 Philiris 137, 188 Cupido .. 153 Pithecops 138 CVAXTKIS 136, 143 POLYOMMATCS ... 137, 200 Dam is 146 Prosotas 231,233 Danis 137, 146 Pseudalmenus... 138, 260 Deudorix ... 138, 263 PSEUDOD' SAS ... 137, 190 En'na 175 PSEUDols IS . . 138, 261 Euchrysopi< 201 Rapala 138. 266 EUPSYCHELLUS ... 136, 138 Sim(Hhus 159 E VERES 137, 218 Spalgis 203 Holochila 175 Sferosin . 268 Hypochrysops . . . 158 Tarucus 137, 207 Hypolyc-i:xa .. 138, 262 Thysonotis 146 Ialmexus 138, 254 Thecia 158 Jamides 137,216 Theclinesthes 217, 240 Lampides 137, 154 Una 137, 233 LiPlIYRA... 138, 268 Utica ... 137,239 Lucia 137,203 Zeritis 269 Lycana ... 135, 144, 209 Zesius .. 255 Lyc.*:nesthes ... 137, 196 Zizera 137, 210 Lyccmopsis 143 Species. abrota 244, 245, 247 aUuf< 210 absimilis 176, 178 amarauge 216 acasta 176, 186 amaryllis . . 244, 246, 247 adamapnncta 231 atnazara ... 269 celianns 155 amy tis 250, 251 Steinbrook. 292 VEGETATION OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W. Subclass II. MONOPETALiE. LORANTHACE.E, JuSS. Loranthus longifiorus, Desv. linophi/Uus, Fenzl. pendulus, Sieb. RUBIACE^., JuSS. Opercidaria hispida, Spreng. Pomax 2iinbellata^ Solancl. Asperida scoparia, Hook. conferta, Hook., var. elongata. Galium yaiidichaudi, DC. aparine, Linn. CoMPOSiTiE, Vaill. Leuzea aiLstralis, Gaud. Centaurea vielitensis, Linn.* solstitia/is, Linn.f"^ calcitrapa, Linn.f* Vernonia cinerea, Less. Steinbrook. Olearia rosmarinifolia^ A. Cunn. stelhdata, Labill., var. canescens. gravis, F.v.M. Shannon's Vale. raimdosa, Benth., var. communis. 7'amosissima, Benth. elliptica, DC. Vittadinia australis, A. Rich., var. dissecta. Erigeron canadensis, Linn."^ lini/olius, Wilkh* Calotis dente^i', R.Br. cuneifolia, R.Br. Ia2?pidacea, Benth. LagenopJiora solenogyne, F.v.M. emphysopus, Hook. Brachycome microcarpa, F.v.M. stuartii, Benth. Bryan's Gap. scapiformis, DC. discolor, C. Stuart. liY FRED. TURNER. 293 COMPOSITyE. Jirachi/come niultijlda, DO. Xanthiuni spmosuni, Liriii.'*^ Sieijesbeckia orietitalis, Linii. Wedelia hijiora, DC. Spilanthes grandljlora, Turcz. Melrose. Galinsoga parvijiiwa, Cav.f"^ Glossogyne tenidfolia^ Cass. Cotida australis, Hook. Soliva anthemifolia, R.Br. Myriogyne minuta^ Less. Mole River. Calocephalus citreus^ Less. Mole River. Craspedia richea, Cass. Ben Lomond. chrysantha, Benth. Ammobium alaturn, R.Br. Cassinia laevis, R.Br. quinquefaria, R.Br. Dumaresq. Ixiolcena hrevicompta, F.v.M. Podolepis acuminata, R.Br. Leptorhyiichus squamatus, Less. Helichrysiini bracteatum, Willd. elaticm, A. Cunn. collinum, DC. Black Mountain. apicidatum, DC. semipapposum, DC. diosmifolium, Less. Jh'rugineum, Less. obcordatum, F.v.M. Hdijyterum anihemoides, DC. incanum, DC. dimorpholepis, Benth. Gnaphalium luteo-album, Linn. jajjonicum, Thunb. coUiaum, Labill. Erechthites arguta, DC. Senecio lautus. Forst. 294 VEGETATION OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W., Composite. Senecio australiSy Willd. vulgaris, Linn.* C ymhonotus laicsoniaaus, Gaud. Microseris forsteri, Hook. Hypochceris glabra, Linn. ^ radiata, Linn.* Pier is hieracioides, Linn.* Sonchus oleraceus, Linn. Carduus mariarius, Linn.* Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop.* .' arvense, Scop.^-" Anthemis cotula, Linn.'^ Chrysanthemum segetum, Linn.'''' Tragopogon porrifolius, Linn.*' Onopordon acanthium, Linn.* Cryptostemnia cahndidaceum, R.Br.f^*' Cichorium intyhus, Linn.--' Taraxacum ojfficinale, Linn."^-' Stylidie.e, R.Br. Stylidium yraminifoliuin, Swartz. dehile, F.v.M. laricifolium, Rich. eglandulosum, F.v.M. Melrose. Gogdenovie.?:, R.Br. Velleia paradoxa, R.Br. Kelly's Plains. Goodenia bellidi folia, Sm. lanata, R.Br. hederacea, Sm. rotundifolia, R.Br. 2nnnatifida, Schl. heteromera, F.v.M. Kelly's Plains. Sccevola spinesceyis, R.Br. microcarpa, Ca\'. Dampiera hrotvnii, F.v.]M. BY FRED. TURNER. 295 Campanulace^, Juss. Lobelia f/ibbosa, Labill. trigonocmdis, F.v.M. pu7'purascens, R.Br. Isotoma axillai'is, Lindl., et var. alba. Wahlenberyia gracilis, DC. Epacride^, R.Br. Styphelia viridis, Andr. Melichriis rotatus, R.Br. urceolatus, R.Br. Trochoca7ya laurina, R.Br. Near Mount Mitchell. Brachylo^na da2)h7ioides, Benth. LeuG02)ogon lanceolatus, R.Br. hookeri, Sond. melaleucoides, A. Cunn. cort/ertus, Benth. neo-a7iglicus, F.v.M. Acrotriche aggi'egata, R.Br. Red Range. Monotoca sco2:)a7na, R.Br. Epacris lo7igiflo7'a, Cav. obtusifolia, Sm. Plumbagine^e, R.Br. Plumbago zeijlaiiica, Linn. Sunnyside. Primulace^, Vent. LT/simachia salicifolia, F.v.M. ja2)07iiGa, Thunb. Black Mountain. Samolus vale7^a7idi, Linn. Rocky River. Anagallis arve7isis, Linn.* Myrsine^, R.Br. Myrsine c7'assifolia, R.Br. variabilis, R.Br. Jasmines, Juss, Jasminum suavissimum, Lindl. Steinbrook. NoteUea 7nicrocarpja, R.Br. liTiearis, Benth. 296 vegetation of new england, n.s.w. Apocyne.?^:, Juss. Parsonsia lanceolata, R.Br. ventricosa, F.v.M. E. of Staiinifer. ASCLEPIADE.E, R.Br. Sarcostemma australe, R.Br.f Siinnyside. Marsdenia Jlavescens, A. Cunn. Red Range. Gomphocarpusjruticosus, R.Br.* LOGANIACE^, R.Br. Mitrasacme indica, Wight. Logania fioribunda, R.Br. Oentiane/E, Juss. Erythrcea australis, R.Br.f Limnaiithemum gemiiiatum, Griseb. Boragine.^, Juss. Halgania preissiana, Lehm. Melrose. Cynoglossum latifoliuiii, Linn. Torrington. Echium violaceitm, Linn.* Lithosjyermum arvense, Linn.* Convolvulace.e, Juss. Convolvulus eruhescens, Sims. niarginatus, Spreng. Evolvidus alsinoides, Linn. Cuscuta aust7'alis, R.Br. epithymum, Willd."^ SolanevE, Juss. Solanuin nigrum, Linn.f .stelligerum, Sm. amhlymeriun, Dun. densevestitum, F.v.M. semiarmatum^ F.v.M. campaiiulatum, R.Br. Bonshaw. Fhysalis minima, Linn. Datura leichhardtii, F.v.M. Sunnyside. stramonium, Linn.f* iatula, Linn.* BY FRED. TURNER. 297 SCROPHULARINE^, Mil'b. Mimulus gracilis^ R.Br. Gratiola peduncnlata^ R.Br. Veronica derwentia, Andr. Black Swamp. plebeia, R.Br. serpilli/olia, Linn. Ben Lomond. Euphrasia colliiia, R.Br. Lode Hill. scabra, R.Br. argitta, R.Br. Celsia cretica, Linn.* VerbasGum blattaria, Linn.* virgatum, Linn.^' thapsus, Linn."^' Bolivia. Linaria elatine^ Mill.* Lentibularie.e, Rich. Ut7'icidaria dichotoma, Labill. Shannon's Vale. BiGNONIACE.E, R.Br. Tecoma australis, R.Br. ACANTHACE^, R.Br. Branthemura variable, R.Br. Myoporine^, R.Br. Myoporum acuminatum, R.Br. deserti, A. Cunn.^ E. of Elsmore. Verbenace.e, Jiiss. Verbena officinalis, Linn. bonariensis, Linn.*'' Spartothaiiinus junceus, A. Cunn. Labiate, Juss. Pleciranthus parvijlorus, Willd. Mentha satureioides, R.Br. Lycopus australis, R.Br. Salvia plebeia, R. Br. Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Scutellaria humilis, R.Br. Prostanthera lasianthos, Labill. 298 vegetation of new england, n.s.w, Labiat;e. Prostanthera aerulea, R.Br. Timbaria. ovali/oUa, R.Br. phylicifoha, F.v. M. nivea, A. Cunri, Shannon's Vale. saxicola, R.Br., var. major. Westringia glabra, R.Br. Kookabookra. Teucrium corynibositm, R. Br. argiUum, R.Br. Ajuga australis, R.Br. 3faj'rubuim vulgare, Linn.* Stachys arvensis, Linn.f* MoluceUa Icevis, Linn.* Plantagine.e, Juss. Plantago debilis, R.Br. varia, R.Br.f lanceolata, Linn.* major, Linn.''" Subclass III. MONOCHLAMYDEiE. Phytolaccace.e, Endl. Phytolacca octandra, Linn.* CHENOPODiACEiE, Meisn. Rliagodia hast a fa, R.Br.f E. of Elsmore. linifolia, R.Br. Chenopodium alburn^ Linn.* triangulare, R.Br. glaucum, Linn.* ambrosioides, Linn.* murale, Linn.* Airiplex patula, Linn.* hortensis, Linn.* Amarantace.e, Juss. Deeringia celosioides, R.Br. Deepwater. Amarantus viridis, Linn. paniculafiis, Linn.* blitum, Linn.* by fred. turner. 299 Amarantace^. Tricliiniiim alopecuroidrum, Lindl. macrocephalum, R.Br. Swan Yale. Nyssanthes erect a^ R.Br. Alfernantliera nodiflora, R.Br. nana, R.Br. PARONYCHiACEiE, Meisn. Scleranthus hiJJoriis, Hook. POLYGONACE^, Juss. Emex aiistralis, Steinli. f^' Rumex crispiis, Linii.^' conglomerafus, Miirr.'*' acetosella, Linn.-'" Polygonum strigosum, R.Br. prostratum, R.Br. minus, Huds. suhsessile, R.Br. lapatliifolium, Linn. aviculare, Linn."^' Mtihlenhechia gracillima, Meisn. rhyticarya, F.v.M. Giinningliamii, F.v.M. Near the Severn River. Nyctagine^, Jnss. Boerliaavia diffusa, Linn.f MoNlMIACEiE, Juss. <• Kihara macropliylla, Benth. Hedycarya angustifolia, A. Cunn. Steinbrook. LAURiNEiE, Vent. Cryptocarya glaucescens, R.Br. Gassytha 'puhescens, R.Br. PROTEACE.E, JuSS. Petrophila sessilis, Sieb. Beaufort. Isopogon petiolaris, A. Cunn. Conospermnm taxifolium, Sm. 300 vegetation of new england, n.s.w., Proteace.e. Persoonia cornlfolia, A. Cuiin. sericea, A. Cunn. niitchellii, Meisn. prosfrata, R.Br. lanceolata, Audi-. tenulfolia^ R.Br. Grevillea trinervis, R.Br. N.E. of Guyra. Hakea erlantha, R.Br. Swan Vale. sali(/}ia, Knight. leucopfera, R.Br.f E. of Staniiifer microcarpa, R.Br. dactyloides^ Cav. Lomatla illcifoUa, R.Br. sllai/olia, R.Br. Banksia collina, R.Br. Lode Hill. iiiferjrifolia, Linn. Thymele.e, Jiiss. Pimelea glaioca^ R.Br. collina^ R.Br. Ben Lomond. linifolia^ Sm. paitciflora, R.Br. carviflora^ R.Br., var sericea. altior, F.v.M. Newton Boyd. «♦ Wikstrwmla indica, C. A. Mey. Bryan's Gap. EUPHORBIACE.l!:, Juss. , Eupliorhia drummondii^ Boiss. macgillivrayi, Boiss. eremopJiila, A. Cunn. peplus, Linn."* helioscopia^ Willd.* Poranthera microplnflla, Brong. Bei/eria viscosa, Miq. Mole River. laslocarpa, F.v.M. Bert If a ciDDiinghami, Planch. rosmarinifolia, Planch. liV FRED. TURNER. .301 EUPHORBIACE.E. Amperea spartioides, Brong. PhiiUanthus ferdinandii Muell., var. minor. gassfroemii, Muell . suhcremilatus, F.v.M. fhi/moides, Sieb. Hillgrove. Jilicaulis, Bentli. Breynia ohloiuiifolia, Muell. KE. of Tenterfield. Claoxylon austraJe, Baill. Acalypha nemontm,¥.v.W. E. of Bolivia. Adriana aceri folia, Hook. Carumbium still ingic^folium, Baill. Steinbrook. IjRTiCEyE, Yent. Trema aspera, Blume. Ficus ruhiginosa, Desf. aspera, Forst. op2X)si/a, Miq. Psendomorus hrunoniana, Bureau. I^ear source of the Aps- ley River. Elatosfemma retic/idahmi, Wedd. Parietaria debilis, Forst. Urtica nrens, Linn.* dioica, Linn.* Casuarine^, Mirb. C usum^ina glauca, Sieb.f Swan Vale. snherosa, Ott. et Dietr. PiPERACE/E, Rich. Peperomia leptostacJiya, Hook, et Arn. Drake. reflexa, A. Dietr. SANTALACE.E, R.Br. Thesium australe, R.Br. Santalum lancpolatnm, R.Br., var. angustifoliiim, E. of Elsmore. Choretrum lateriflovnm, R.Br. candollei, F.v.M. Mole River. 302 vegetation of new england, n.s.w., Santalace.e. Exocarpus cupressiformis, Labill. strict a, R.Br. Subclass IV. GYMNOSPERM-ff:. Conifer.E, Juss. Frenela robusta, A. Cunn. rhoynboidea, Endl. Oycade.e, Rich. Macrozamia paulo-gnlielmi, F.v.M. Class II. MOXOCOTYLEDONS, Ray. Hydrocharide.e, Lam. Vallisneria spirali.-i^ Liiin. Orchide.e, R.Br. Liparis refle.i:a, Liiidl. Dendrobium cemuhun, R.Br, khigianum, Bidw. E. of Dundee. pugioniforme, A. Cunn. linguifo rme, 8 wartz. teretifoliiim, R.Br. Guy Fawkes River. mortii, F.v.M. Black Swamp. Bulbophyllum eJiscn, F v.M. Cleisostoma tridentatuni, Lindl. Near Bryan's Gap. Dipodium punctatum, R.Br. Galeola cassythoides, Reichb. N.E. of Tenterfield. Spiranthes australis, Lindl. Ranger's Valley. Thelymitra ixioides, Sw. longi/olia, Forst. Diuris alba, R.Br. Salisbury Plains. punctata, Sm. aurea, Sm. Graham's Valley. niaculata, Sm. pallens, Benth. Ranger's Valley. abbreviata, F.v.M. sulphurea, R.Br. Graham's Valley. by fred. turner. 303 Orchide^. Pra,^ophyllum fiavu^n, R. Br. patens, R.Br. fuscum, R.Br. Graham's Valley. Microtis porrifolia, Spreng. parvijiora, R.Br. Salisbury Plains. Pterostylis rejiexa, R.Br. obtusa, R.Br. miUica, R.Br. ritfa, R.Br. Ranger's Valley. Caleana major, R.Br. Mole River. minor, R.Br. Mole River. Acianthus exsertus, R.Br. Eriocliilus autumnalis, R.Br. Caladenia patersoni, R.Br. suaveolens, Reichb. carnea, R.Br, ccerulea, R.Br. Mole River. Glossodia rnajor, R.Br. minor, R.Br. Mole River. BuRMANNiACE^, Blume. Burmannia disticha, Linn. Iride^, R.Br. Pater sonia glauca, R.Br. sericea, R.Br. glahrata, R.Br. Sisyrinchiiim niicranthum, Cav.* Lihertia paniculata, Spreng. Near Black Swamp. Amaryllide^, St. Hil. Hcemodorum planifolium, R.Br. Hypoxis hygrometrica, Labill. glabella, R.Br. DioscoRiDEiE, Meisn. Dioscorea transversa, R.Br. N.E. of Bolivia. LiLiACE^, De Cancl. Smilax glycyj^hylla, Sm. 304 VEGETATION OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W., LiLIACE.E. Smilax australis, R.Br. Rhipogonum album, R.Br. discolor, F.v.M. elseyanum, F.v.M. Dianella Icevis, R.Br. cceralea, Sims. Geitonoplesinm cymosum, A. Cunn. N.E. of Bolivia. Blandfordia flammea, Hook. Anyuillaria dioica, R.Br. Bidhine hidbosa, Haw. E. of Stannifer. semiharhata, Haw. Thf/sanotus tid)erosus, R.Br. Ccesia vittata, R.Br. parvijiora, R.Br. Tricoryne elation', R.Br. Clive. Stypandra glauca, R.Br. cxEspitosa, R.Br. Arfhropod'mm panicidatam, R.Br. minus, R.Br. Dichopogon sieheriaaus, Kunth. E. of Bolivia. Laxmannia gracilis, F.v.M. Allium fragrans, Vent.* Philydrace.e, R.Br. Philydrum lanuginosum, Banks. Xyride^e, Kunth. Xyris gracilis, R.Br. Graham's Valley. opercidata, Labill. COMMELYNACEiE, Endl. Aneihma acuminatum, R.Br. hijiorum, R.Br. (iramineum, R.Br. Sandy Flat. Podia crispata, Benth. N.E. of Hillgrove. Juncace.e, Agardh. Xerotes longifolia, R.Br. IJV FRED. TURNER. JUNCACE/E. Xerotes laultijlora, K.Br. filiformis^ R.Br. elongata^ Benth. leucocej)hala, R.Br. Luzula campestris, DC. Ben Lomond. Jnnmis jtlanifoliiis, R.Br. homalocaulis, F.v.M. communis, E. Mey. pmicifJorufi, R.Br. pris7natoca7'pus, R.Br. eapiUaceits, Hook. Palm^, Jiiss. Kentia monostachya^ F.v.M. N.E. of Tenterfield Aroide^, Ju.ss. Typhoniimi hro7vnii, Schott. Gymnostachys a7ice2)s, R.Br. Typhace/E, De Cand. Typha anfjustifolia, Linn. S'parganinin angustifoHum, R.Br. Lemnace^, De Cand. Lemna frisuica, Linn. mitior, Linn. Yarrowyck. Naiades., Agardh. Trigl ochin procera, R.Br. Potamogeto7% natans^ Linn. ohtusifolius, Mert. et Koch. CENTROLEPIDEiE, Desv. Cen trolejns fasclcularis, Labill. Restiace^, R.Br. Lepyrodia scariosa, R.Br. Restio gracilis, R.Br. tetrap>hyllui<, Labill. Hypolama laterijiora, Benth •20 306 VEGETATION OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W Cyperace.e, KBr. Kyllinga intermedia, R.Br. Cyiyerus erngrostis, Vahl. Ivucky Rivei'. polystachyns, Eottb. enei'vis, R.Br. dfjformis, Linn. tetraphylbis, R.Br. trinervis, R.Br. concinnus, R.Br, Nine Mile. filipes, Benth. vaginatics, R.Br. carinatus, R.Br. rotundus, Linn.f gunnii, Hook. Ben Lomond. exaltatus, Retz. Heleocharis sphacelata, R.Br. cylitidrostachys, Boeck. acuta, R.Br. atricha, R.Br. Mole River. Firabristylia nutans, A^ahl. monostachya, Hassk. velata, R.Br. oistivalis, Vahl. diphylla, Vahl. Ranger's Valley. cyperoides, R.Br. Scirpus fluitajis, Linn. setacens, Linn. imc7idatus, Spreng. jjrolifer, Rottb. lacustris, Linn. Rhynchospora glauca, Vahl. Wellingrove. Schcenus melanostachys, R.Br. vaginatus, F.v.M. MesomelcHna deiista, Benth. sphoirocephala, Benth. BY FRED. TURNER. 307 OyPERACE.13. Lepldosperma exaltatum, R.Br. laterals, R.Br. Cladiimi articulatum, R.Br. ylomeratum, R.Br. tetraquett'um, Hook., and var. 'planifolium. gu7inii, Hook. ju7iceiim, R.Br. Gahnia meJanocarpa, R.Br. psittacorum, Labill., var. oxylepis. Caustic flexuosa, R.Br. E, of Uralla. Carex inversa, R.Br. paniciilata, Linn. gracilis, R.Br-. contracta, F.v.M. vulgaris, Fries. acuta, Linn. loholepis, F.v.M. pseudo-cyperas, Linn. Walcha. CrRAMINEiE, R.Br. Pasptalum distichum, Linn.f Mriocldoa punctata, Haniilt.f an7iulata, Kiinth.f Panicum sangitinale, Linn.f parvijiorum, R. Br. f leucophc^um, H.B. et K.f semialatum, R.Br. jiaviduni, Retz.,t var. tenuior. gracile, R.Br.f colonuni, Linn. E. of Tenterfield. crus-galll, Linn.f maryinatum, R,.Br., et var. obseptum, Trin. bicolor, R.Br.f melananthuni, F. v. M. f 308 VEGETATION OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W., GrAMINE/E. Panicum eff'usum, R.Br.f deconipositnm, R.Br.f prolutum, F.v.M.f Setaria glaiica, Palis, f vivid is, Beau v.* Pennisetuia compressum, R.Br.f Cenchrus australis, R.Br.f Lajjpago racemosa, Willd. Hemarthria comprcssa, R.Br.f Ischtmuni laxum, R.Br.f Kentucky. Arthraxon ciliare, Palis. f E. of Glen Innes. Pollinia falva, Benth.f W. of Glen Innes. Andropogon sericeiis, R.Br.f affinis, R.Br.f intermedins, R.Br.f refractus, R.Br.f Imperata arundinacea, Cyr.f Chrysopogon parvijiorus, Bentli. W. of Glen Innes. Sorghum plumosum, Beauv.f Anthistiria ciliata, Linn.f Arxmdinella nepalensis, Trin Polypogon monspeliensis, Desf.* Microlcena stipoides, R.Br.f Hierochloa rariflora, Hook. Ben Lomond. Aristida vagans, Cav. ramosa, R.Br. Stipa setacea, R.Br. pubescens, R.Br. Dichelachne crinita, Hook.f ftciurea, Hook.f Agrostis alba, Linn. scabra, Willd. Deyeuxia Jorsterii, Kunth.f billardieri, Kunth.f (juadriseta, Benth.f BY FRED. TURNER. 309 I Gramine^. Deyeiu'ia scabra, Beiitli. breviglumis, Benth. W. of Glen Iniies. IIolcus lanatus^ Linn.'^ Amphibromus neesii, Steud.f Danthonia cm'phoides, F.v.M.f Arniidale. pallida, R.Br.f longifolia, R.Br. racernosa, R.Br. semianiudaris, R.Br.f Echinopogoii ovatits, Beauv.f Pappophoruni nigricans, R.Br.f Cynodon dactylon, Pers.f Chloris truucata, R.Br.f Leptochloa chiaensis, Nees. Sporoholns indicus, R.Br.f Isachne australis, R.Br.f Phragmites communis, Trin. Koileria phleoides, Pers."^ Dactylis glomerata, Linn.* Eragrostis nigra, Nees. pilosa, Palis, f leptostachya, Steud.f diandra, Steud. hrownii, Nees. Poa caispitosa, Forst., et vars.f annua, Linn.* glauca, E.B.* 'jjratensis, Willd.* Glyceria fluitans, R.Br.f lat ispicea, F. v. M . Briza nii^ior, Linn.* maxima, Linn."^' Bromus mollis, Linn.* sterilis, Linn.* Ceratochloa unioloides, DC* 310 VEGKTATIOX OF NEW ENGLAND, N.S.W., GrAxMINE.E. Festuca duriuscida, Linn. bromoides, Linn.* Agropyrum scabrum, Palis, f Loliutn perenne, Linn.^' temulentiim, Linn.* Hordeum micrinum, Linn.* Phalaris canariensis, Linn.* Arena fatua, Linn.* Class III. ACOTYLEDONS, Jussieu. Lycopodiace.^, 8\vaitz. Lycopodium seJago, Linn. densiun, Labill. Selaginella idiginosa, Spring. Azolla rubra, R.Br. Tmesipteris tannensis, Bernh. N.E. of Glen Innes. Psilotum triquetrum, Swartz. E. of Stonehenge. Filices, Linn. jSchizcea bijida, Swartz. Gleichenia dicarpta, K.Br. flabellata, R.Br. Todea barbara, T. Moore. Near source of the Mole River. Ti'ichomaties caudatum, Brackenr. apiifolnan, Presl. Hymenop/iylliwiflabellatiim, Labill. tunbridgense, Sm. Also2?hila australis, R.Br. leichhardtiana, F.v.M. Dicksonia antarctica, Labill. yoiongice, C. Moore. E. of Tenterfield. Davallia pyxidata, Cav. dvbia, R.Br. Li7ids(Ka linearis, Swartz. microphylla, Swartz. Armidale Gully. Adianhmi (Hhiopicum, Linn. ^ormottu7n, B.Br. E. of Tenterfield. BY FHED. TURNER. 311 ?.S. FlLICES. Adiant am hisjnchihwi, Swartz. Gheilanthes tenuifolia, Swartz. Pleris geraniifolia, Raddi. Black Swamp. 2mradoxa, Baker. N.E. of Glen Innei- falcata, R.Br. longifolia, Linn. iimbrosa, R.Br. treimtla, K.Br. aquilina, Linn. Lomaria patersorii, Spreng. capensis, Willd. Blechnum cartilagineuin, Swartz. Doodia aspei'a, R.Br. blechnoides, A. Cunn. caudata, R.Br. Asplenhon^fiabellifolinm, Cav. £. of Bolivia. falcatum, Lam. N.E. of Bolivia. ffaccidum, Forst. nmhrosum, J. Sm. Aspidiuvi raviosuiti, Palis. iinitu7n, Swartz. moUe, Swartz. aculeatum, Swartz. aristatum, Swartz. decompositum, Spreng. Polypodium australe, Mett. tenellum, Forst. pitnctcUum, Thunb. serpens, Forst. conjiueus, R.Br. attenuatum, R.Br. scandens, Forst. Notliolo'na distansj R.Br. Bolivia. Granimitis rutcvfolia, R.Br. Melrose. Plafy cerium a/cicorne, Desv. 312 NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. Froggatt exhibited specimens of several species of grass- hoppers (Fam. Stenopelmatidce) collected in the Bendithere Caves by Mr. Murra}'', of Moruya. The insects are remarkable for their very long legs and antennte, and for the absence of ears. They live in the darkest recesses of the caves, and jump about when disturbed. They are allied to the genera DoHchopoda^ Macropathus^ etc., the species of which are found in .similar situations in Austria, New Zealand or Kentucky, U.8.A.: but, it is believed, this is the first record of such cave-inhabiting Australian Orthoptera. Mr. Froggatt also showed specimens of two Australian members of the Acrididce, which have a ver}' wide range, namely, (1) (Eda/eios marmoratHs, Thunb. (Loacstadauica, Linn.), also well known under the name of