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NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION 27 q » LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES 7 YVvugil NWINOSHL NOILALILSNI SMITHSONIAN i LIBRARIES NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION SMITHSONIAN NWINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA NOIMLALILSNI TITUTION NVINOSHLINS S3ZIY¥YVYUdITLIBRARIES j ; 17 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NVINOSHLIWS SMITHSONIAN S3INVUSIT LIBRARIES SMITHSON NOILNLILSNI uvugit S3SIY¥vudi1l LIBRARIES INSTITUTION LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN N NVINOSHLIWS INSTITUTION WA saiuvugi NVINOSHL SMITHSON LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI INSTITUTION S SAIYVYEIT LIBRARIES NVINOSHLINS S3I1YVYail LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN ‘SN AS SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSNI INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI TITUTION * NVINOSHLINS SZIYVYEIT LIBRARIES INSTITUTION NOILOLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS INSTITUTION NOILONLILSNI NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN Me NVINOSHLIWS YVUEIT LIBRARIES / v3 ~vision of Metta Sectional Library PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. VOLES Welt 1906—1907. NOTICE ——~L_ AFTER CAREF INNER MARGIN AND TYPE OF Se ey pe pe Proc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VI, Frontispiece PRESIDENT 1895 anp 1896. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. EDITED BY Kh. A. SMITH, 1S.0,, F:2Z.S: Under the direction of the Publication Committee. VOLUME VII. 1906—1907. AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS. LONDON : BERLIN: DULAU & CO., R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 37, Sono Sauarz, W. 11, Karusrrassz, N.W. 190%. DATES OF PUBLICATION, VOL. VII. No. 1 9th March, 1906. No. 2 29th June, 1906. No. 3 5th October, 1906. No. 4 3rd April, 1907. No. 5 25th June, 1907. No. 6 12th September, 1907. CONTENTS OF VOL. VII. PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE Ordinary Meeting, Nov, 10th, 1905... .- .. 2. i.. a 1 3 A Dec. 8th, a Poe Pea nee 9 Re 1 a Po ears 2th AlOOGh ee hie Oe cd alu glue, NC? mums Meetings (Heb; 9th, 5° 2. 2) 3: w= Ms “2: 2. ' 60 Ordinary Meetingmuebrmothy a0 ay 2a ak cs, ol ee, ca, | ll fg P. Marie Oth aera cee ie ce Mee een a Seen Ww ven em 2, . ee ANIEUNGED eee) Vel et bane esos) eae) 2 Oe F Pao iavglithy be, ah Gis bt euee ye dS) Mpa 4s a JUMeES SNS s dere, ie, Ce Ree ins Pe oe ek ee 2 & INGyee OCIS Weve eter oe ote are ea oO < Pe Decorah ae rte mas a” ee Nate BO eo) A 5 Jane Lt O0 7 aa eee Fo oe Bees eee 202 minnual Meeting; Feb: 8th, 4, .: .: «2 «2 +. «+ «« 242 Ordinary Meeting, Feb. 8th, ,,0 .. <2 a: «2 os +. «- 248 55 A Magee Stipend) whe esa oe ae apc eee rode bs = Writes wt Meee fe Gee fn, pam ke eae s +3 Manvel Chia ee wee a tae ws ee ee OG 3 e JRO m Ie Ch oe in earn aee a (2 5a okt ge au vil CONTENTS. Noves :— PAGE On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s “ Erd- und Siisswasser-Gasteropoden.” By B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. 3 On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s “ Die Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt.” Me Bab: Woopwarb, F.L.S. aie pus Eee ie : 3 Cement as a Slug-killer! By B. B. Woopwarp, PLS. (ie) ie 4 A Pteropod Alias. By C. Hepuey, F.L.S., & E. R. Syxes, B.A... 5 On the Locality of the Melanotic Helicigona arbustorum exhibited Nov. 10th. By G. W. Swanton Pee ean i) On Conus Waterhousee, Brazier, var. By A. F, Kenyon 5 On Voluta papillosa, Swainson, var. By A. F. Kenyon : 6 Cassidaria rugosa. By A. REYNELL.. .. et tee eG Note on Neptunea antiqua. By HE. A. omen i 8. 0. oe. aR oe els! On the name Pilsbryella, von Ihering. By Dr. H. von InprinaG . 68 Note on Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of a Dosinia. By E. A. Suit, 1.8.0. (Figs.) i, Swe hc Ose yy eo Note on Paludestrina Jenkinsit. By E. A. SmitH, 1.8.0. .. .. 208 Glessula parabilis (Benson). By Colonel R. H. gee F.L.S8.. 204 Note, to correct the name Jousseawmia. By Prof. G.C. BouRNE . 260 A Correction, “By El. H. BLOOMER G3.) 9) ne ee eee OO The Pairing of Limneea pereger with Planorbis corneus. By W. D. Lane, F.G.S. ect 3510 Note on an ‘Gotoue with pyenaniue arms. “By E. ne Sains, 7 8. 0, 310 On some Holocene Mollusca from Staines. By J. E. Cooper .. 310 Note on the occurrence of Pearls in Maliotis gigantea and Pecten sp., from Japan. By E. A. Surru, 1.8.0. ia pis! ate = OU Note on the name Bourcieria. By E. R. Sykes, B.A. .. .. .. 312 OpituaRY Notices :— Dr..W. 0. Blanford: “By Ee A. Sure, 1.8.0... 2) eee eee Captain F. W. Hutton. By EH. A. Smiru, 18:0. <2 2.) 2222 6s Richard Rimmer! By. BoA. Suita, 1.S:0. .. ..) 3. 22 ee 67 César Félix Ancey. By E. A. Smira, 18.0. .. .. .. .. .. 245 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS :— What evolutionary processes do the Mollusca show? By B. B. WoopwarD, F.L.S. A lent coe wey (Ricks aie el eee PAPERS :— Descriptions of new species of Drymeus, Amphicyclotus, and Neocyclotus, from South and Central America. By 8. I. Da Costa, ~(Rlate 1). t- . ee : Renan 7 Description of a new species of Achatina fr om Mochomalenl Ee S. I."Da Costa. (Fig.) 2 yay Re eS aS eee CONTENTS. vii PAPERS (continued)— PAGE On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part I. By the Rev. R. AsHineton Bunien, B.A., F.LS., F.G.S. (Plated) yn 6s : 12 Description of a new species of Oliva. “iy lis ic ebb a. oe (Fig.) Lo ne ee Ee Soe eke, Oba On the Anatomy of nee ee, olen tone atid 8. viridis. ._By H.H.BnooMerR.. . : eee ek SoS A Revision of the species of Gi astremneee and Tromades occurring in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. (Plate III.) Shier aca |: : 20 Description of Cy; oar ema Prestont and Nassa Tindall, L.Spp., from Ceylon. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. (Fig.) . 29 On some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of Gastropods. By B B. WooDWARD, F.LS. (Figs.) CP ee =, Vee ol Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells, probably from Ceylon. - By-H. B. Preston, F.Z.S8. (Figs.) .. .. .- - 34 Description of a new species of Limnea frome North- Wect -Australia. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8. (Fig-) Esato Mee | OO On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and a remarkable form of Cyprea eruenta, from South Africa. By Go B Sowerpy, Hils.- (igs) 2. a 8 te 37 Critical remarks on certain forms of Chlor itis, with Rdorptions of twelve new species. By G. K. Gupn, F.Z.S. (Plates IV HGH Vioyh tars meal 40 Notes on the Anatomy of South Nene Ireipaiicias wih adsorp: tions of two new species. By R. H. Burne, B.A. (Figs.) . bl Descriptions of thirty-one Gastropoda and one Scaphopod oe the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, dredged by Mr. F. W. Townsend, 1902-1904. By J. Cosmo Menvixt, M.A., F. LS. (Plates VII and VIII.) Yes DPN ie cncy ay PAs LS MOS, Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of a proposed new subgenus -(Malluvium) of Cnreltie, Schumacher. By James Cosmo WMimnvirn, MAC His.) (Rigs; o: 7 =. : 81 Notes on a Higleeene deposit at Harlton, arabs, By the Rev. R. AsHincton Buuien, B.A., F.LS., F.G.S. (Figs.).. .. -. 89 On asmall collection of Land aa Fr sas water Shells from Uganda, with descriptions of a new species of Martensia and two new species of Limicolaria. By H. B. Preston. (igs) 2 388 On new species of Polyplacophora from South Australia. By W. T. Bepnat and E. H. V. Matruews. (Plate IX.) aoe) On a species of the Land Molluscan genus Dyakia from Siam. By Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S. (Plate X.) . 93 Descriptions of new species of Land Shells from Peru and Ohare and two new species of Curvella from the Philippine Islands. By S. I. Da Costa. (Plate XI.) Sty 28 ste 0-8 ae Vill CONTENTS. PaPErRs (continued)— Notes on Swainson’s genus Volutilithes. 2 R. Butten Newton, F.Z.S. (Plate XII.) Further remarks on the genus Chior os it Reiner of eleven new species. By G. K. Gupg, F.Z.S. (Plate XIIL.).. On the occurrence of Vertigo parcedentata, Al. Braun, in Holocene deposits in Great Britain. By A. S. KENNARD, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. sl eo eaareh anaes Note on the subgenus Malluviwm, Melvill. 7. Epe@ar A. SMITH, 1.8.0. fotuehe ; ; : Notes on some _ species of Mitridee, with ann Senepane of M. Brettinghami, u.sp. By EDGAR A. Suita, 1.8.0. On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part II. By Rev. R. AsHtneron Buuuen, F.L.S., F.G.S. (Figs.) Report upon a collection of Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verd Islands, with notes by C. Crossland. By Sir C, N. E. Extoz, K.C.M.G. (Plate XIV.) ais fais Wages Notes on Indian and Ceylonese species oF Clesic: By Colonel R. H. Beppomg, F.L.S. (Plate XV.) ila: @ oer On the Mollusca procured during the “ Porcupine” Expeditions, 1869-1870. Supplemental Notes, Part III. By E, R. Syxzs, B.A. (Plate XVI.) res ae On the Dates of Publication of Bete Soe eMGnee Gontholone ts and “Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.” By E. R. SYKEs, B.A, Note on a new variety (var. longispir 5) of Oliva ispidula: ie F. G. Bripeman. (Fig.).. ie On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilabry: By Protea ere A. PiusBry, Sc.D., etc. (Figs.) ao he On Burtoa Nilotica (Pfeiffer) and its relationship te Wane ate. By ALEXANDER REYNELL. (Plate XVII.) ae Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South Formosa, By Evear A. Smiry, 1.8.0. (Fig.) .. ae Description of a new subgenus and species of Alyceus from Ke-lan-tan. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. (Fig.) Descriptions of some Tertiary Shells from New Zealand. By Henry Suter. (Plate XVIII.) - Descriptions of six new species of shells and of Lenton Wide, Hutton, from New Zealand. (PlateX VIIL) By Henry Suter. Description of a new species of Latirus. By JAMES Cosmo MerLvinn. MAC, Eis. (Bigs) 2.) =... ae ea 14 On the Anatomy of Tagelus gibbus and 7. Histo ie lech Buoomer. (Plate XIX.) eee Description of two new species of Helena ands Shells ian German New Guinea. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S. (Figs.).. 131 160 173 CONTENTS. 1X PAPERS (continued )— PAGE Descriptions of seven new species of Achatina from the Congo Free State. By S. I. Da Costa. (Plate XX.) .. .. .. 226 A further contribution to our knowledge of the genus Chloritzs, with descriptions of eleven new species. By G. K. GuDs, EEAOae (hlate kok), as oar hae 228 Description of a new species of Papitia: Bua ilustrations of some hitherto pais shells. By G. K. Gups, F.Z.S. (later kh. )s ci. ed) Se . 934 Descriptions of new non-marine Eells om See rierilane By Henry Surpr. (Plate XXII.).. .. . zs 236 Notes on the Post-Pliocene Monasea of the Mele Collection: By A. S. Kennarp, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. .. 261 Notes on some Holocene Shells from Ightham. By A. S%. KeEnnarD, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. aie, toe OL Descriptions of four new species of M/elania from New Ireland and Kelantan. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. (Figs.) .. .. .. 266 On the Arms of the Belemnite. By G. C. Crick, F.G.S., etc (Plate: XexTT:) = oc. NO” nee Sul awh ec OO Relics of Coloration in Fossil Shells. By R. Butten NEwron, EEGase) (Pla tesXee iy.) ct Sk SP me Se J 5280 Notes on New Zealand Polyplacophora, with desoriptions of five new species. By Henry Suter. (Figs.) ETE) sons bebtors 293 Descriptions of new marine Mollusca from New Caledonia, at. By G. B. Sowrersy, F.L.S. (Plate XXV.) es eee 299 Descriptions of new species of Drymcus from Peru, Mexico, etc. By S: | DaCosta. (Plate XXXVI)... 92. «. <5 «5 304 Description of a new species of Vallonia fio South India. By Cake GupE,E7.0, (Rigs) sa) 4... 306 Notes on Achatina Dennisoni, Reeve, and A. magnates, Pfeiffer. By Epe@ar A. Suita, LS. 0. (Fig) Bee Pec ysis a2 ole Review of the New Zealand Acmeide, with descriptions of new species and subspecies. By HEnry Suter. (Plate XXVII.) 315 Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Islands. By Sir Coarues Extot, K.C.M.G. (Plate XXVIII.) .. .. .. 327 Descriptions of new species of Australian anes and Chloritis. Bye. HOLTON, (Bigs) ta See sss 362 On the presence of a double ae in some species of fe Diighors group of Ennea. By H.C. Funton. (Fig.) .. .. .. .. 364 to “I VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1907. LISD OF JELUSTRATIONS IN VOLS vir E The late Professor T. G. B. Howes, LL.D., F.R.S., President of the = Society 1895 and 1896 .. .. : . .. .. Frontispiece Cement as a Slug-killer. Slug track .. 2... ok tiene 4 New Land Shells from Central and South enone (Plate 1) aol ALO Achatina Jacobi, n.sp. .. .. os. So ee PURE eo ee Land and Fresh-water Shells from Sunaree "(Plate DT) 2, 92a Oliva Smith, n.sp. .. .. ENT es ac ng Cyclostrema from the Persian Gulf, etc. “(Plate LIL) Sas ieee Niassa Homo) Lindatir, W:Sp. oct. as. ya > pea) ee ee bMeeding-tracks of Gastropods: 2. 93, 92 ee eee 31-33 Bullia cinerea, Nassa Nevilliana, n.spp. wn Pie fase eed Marginella subflava, M. eburnea, n.spp. Aut CSE Se ie a Timnes (Bulinus) egregia, DiSp. 2.5 ae 2 ee eee Stphonaria cyaneomaculata, n.sp. .. .. .. «2 «. «2 «e 2. 87 Terebra Filmere, Mangilia Beckeri, n.spp. .. .. .. 2... «~~ 88 Cyprea cruenta, var. tortirostris, var. nov. .. .. .. .. .. «.. 989 Species of Chlomtis. (Plates1V and V.) 2. .. 22 .. .. 41, 50 dhethysOperta, DSPs...” ete oer ee, ors tea ee 51, 52 Tethys Burnupi, n.sp. By iin chew hg a ee Se 54, 55 Tethys nigrocincta, Intestine... .. the ie eed Portrait of Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. ‘(Plate VI. ) so Se ae 64 New species of Gastropoda, etc., from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. (Plates VII and VIIL. Vie satel gine taste 5 spear aes 74, 80 Malluvium, nov, subgen... .. vB ah ace, wep Gee ee Holocene deposit at Harlton, Game eee ey a as 85, 86 Martensia Bowker: 1isp: oo .2.. se°-: 2a) ee Oe Dimicotaria Ponsonbyy.D:Sp. vee) se. en So TESTO TCR NIOCU DOS ON OMEMEGAMEESE Ao As 84 45 c5 fo os S10) New South Australian Polyplacophora. (PlateIX.).. .. .. .. 91 Anatomy of Dyakia striata, var. (Plate X.) .. .. .. .. .. 96 New species of Goniostomus, Drymeus, Neocyclotus, and Curvella. (Plate Xn) ee eh Vee Sar oe Sap eke ae eer! Tolutilithes muricina, V. pertusa. (Plate XII.).. .. .. .. .. 104 New species of Chloritis, (Plate XIII.) .. .. .. .. .. «. 118 ILLUSTRATIONS, Clausilia Sumatrana, Mart. Clausilia robustior, n.sp. Bee Pterocyclus aspersus, Planorbis Sepoenaee n.Spp. . Segmentina Kennardi, n.sp. $28 Tensile Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verd Telende! (Plate XIV.) New species of Glessula. (Plate XV.) .. Re ee Shells from the “ Porcupine ” expeditions. (Plate XVI.) Oliva ispidula, var. longispira, n.var. Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry Anatomy of Burtoa Nilotica. (Plate XVII. ) Fistulana mumia me Calliostoma Formosensis, n.sp.. . Alyceus (Pincerna) liratula, n.sp. .. Mollusca, fossil and recent, from New Zealand. (Plate XVIII.) Latirus (Peristernia) Sowerbyt, n.sp. ie a Anatomy of Tagelus gibbus and. T. divisus. (Plate XIX.) Rhytida Bednalli, Coliolus thrix, n.spp. New species of Achatina. (Plate XX.).. New species of Chloritis, etc. (Plate XXL.) ais New species of Mollusca from New Zealand. (Plate XXII.) Melania Nove-Hibernie, M. Browni, v.spp. . . Melania Melvilli, M. Kelantanensis, n.spp. Arms of Belemnites. (Plate XXIII.) .. ae Colour-markings in fossil shells. (Plate XXIV.) Ischnochiton luteoroseus, n.sp. .. Callochiton sulculatus, n.sp. Chiton Torri, C. clavatus, n.spp. Onithochiton nodosus, n.sp. : ee nS Sadi: New Mollusca from New Caledonia etc. (Plate XXV.) New species of Drymeus. (Plate XXVI.) Vallonia miserrima, u.sp. : Liguus (Hemibulimus) magnificus ( Pfr, ). Acmeeide of New Zealand. (Plate XXVIL ) Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Telandes XXVIII.) ne er Planispira ( Trachiopsis) acuticostuta, u.sp. Chloritis (Austrochloritis) Hedley, n.sp. Ennea (Diaphora) Méllendorfi. Section (Plate MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. LIST OF MEMBERS. (Corrected up to March, 1907.) Adams, Francis E., Carysfort, Shrewsbury. Aldrich, T. H., No. 1739, P. St. N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Baldwin, D. D., Hamakuapoko, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Bavay, A., 82, Rue Lauriston, xvi‘, Paris. Becker, Dr. H., Grahamstown, Cape Colony. Beddome, Col. R. H., F.L.S.,75, West Hill, Wandsworth, London,S.W. Bednall, W. T., The Museum, Adelaide, South Australia. Bentley, R. H., Thanet House, 232, Strand, London, W.C. Bles, E. J., D.Sc., Thornville, Hillhead, Glasgow. Bloomer, H. Howard, 35, Paradise Street, Birmingham. Bonnet, A., 55, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris. Bottger, Prof. Dr. Oskar, M.A.N., C.M.Z.S., 6, Seiler Strasse, Frankfurt-am-Main. Breun, Louis A., c/o René de ? Hopital, 159, High Street, Kensington, London, W. Bridgman, F. G., 5, Duchess Street, Portland Place, London, W. Brusina, Prof. Spiridion, c/o Professor Langhofter, Natural History Museum, Zagreb (Agram), Croatia. Bullen, Rev. Robert Ashington, F.L.S., Englemoor, Heathfield Road, Woking, Surrey. Biilow, C., 86, Zimmerstrasse, Berlin. Burne, R. H., B.A., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill, London, W. Burnup, Henry, Box 182, P.O., Maritzburg, Natal. Burrows, H. W., A.R.I.B.A., 28, Lambert Road, Brixton, London, 8.W. Buschbeck, E., Karlstrasse ii, Berlin, N.W. 6. Cairns, Robert, 159, Queen Street, Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne. Campbell, Archibald, The Collegiate School, Queen’s Park, Glasgow. Chaplin, J. G., 58, Havelock Street, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Clapp, George H., 325, Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A. Coen, G. S8., Calle Castorta, Venice. Collier, E., Glen Esk, Whalley Range, Manchester. Collinge, W. E., M.Sc., 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham. Collins, Miss Adah, Earlswood, 35, Highbury New Park, London, N. Se Edward, The Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India. Cooke, Rev. A. H., M.A., Aldenham School, Elstree. Cooke, C. Montague, jun., c/o Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. Cooper, Charles, 138, Queen Street, Auckland, New Zealand. Cooper, James Eddowes, 68, North Hill, Highgate, London, N. Cort, Prof. H. de, Rue d’Holbach, Lille, France. Cossmann, Maurice, 95, Rue de Maubeuge, Paris. Cousens, H. 8., Tai An, Shantung, N. China. Cox, Dr. James C., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., 87, Pitt Street, Sydney, New South Wales. LIST OF MEMBERS. Cox, Major P. Z., F.Z.S., H.B.M.’s Consul and Political Agent, Muscat, Arabia ; ‘c/o Messrs, Gr indlay, Groom, & Co., 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W. Crawford, F. C., 19, Royal Terrace, Edinburgh. Crawford, James, c/o Messrs. J. C. Kemsley & Co., Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Crick, C. P., 2, Bowes Villas, Warwick Road, New Southgate. Crick, G. C., F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8. W. Da Costa, 8S. I., 9, Gloucester Square, London, W. Dall, William Healey, Honorary Curator Department of Mollusca, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Dautzenberg, Ph., 209, Rue de l'Université, Paris. Digby, Miss Lettice, Kings Ford, Colchester. Dollfus, Adrien, 35, Rue Pierre Charron, Paris. Dollfus, Gustave, 45, Rue de Chabrol, Paris. Dapont, Evenor, Port Louis, Mauritius. Dupuis, Lieut. F. M. 8. B., 80, Rue Wéry, Ixelles, Brussels. Ede, Francis J., A.M.I.C.E., F.G.S., Silchar, Cachar, India. Ehrmann, P., Hartelstrasse 6, III, Leipzig, Germany. Eliot, Sir Charles N. E., K.C.M.G., Endcliffe Holt, Endcliffe Terrace, Sheftield. Etheridge., R., Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W. Farquhar, John, 3, Rose Terrace, Grahamstown, Cape Colony. Fischer, Henri, 51, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris. Foote, R. Bruce, F. GS., Ivy Cottage, Yercand, Madras Presidency. Foster, Miss A. O. S.5 45, Belsize Square, London, N.W. Freyberg, Cuthbert, 27, Hawker Street, Wellington, New Zealand. Fulton, Hugh C., Riverside, Kew Gardens, Surrey. Gabriel, C. J., 293, Victoria Street, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia. Gathft, J. H., The Commercial Bank, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria. Gilson, Prof. Gustave, The University, Louvain, Belgium. Godwin-Austen, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.R.S., Nore, Godalming. Gude, G. K., F.Z.8., 114, Adelaide Road, London, N.W. Guerne, Baron Jules de, 6, Rue de Tournon, Paris. Guppy, R. J. Lechmere, Kinersly, Port-of- Spain, Trinidad. Gwatkin, Rev. Prof. H. M., LL.D., 8, Scrope Terrace, Cambridge. Hall, C. M., 33, Goring Road, Bowes Park, London, N, Hart, J. H., Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad. | Haynes, T. Henry, The Montebello Islands, Inslow, W. Australia. Hedley, Charles, F.L.S., Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S. Wales. Henderson, J. Brooks, jun., Glenwald, Ballston, Virginia, U.S.A. | Herdman, Prof. W. A., F.R.S., The University, Liverpool. Hett, Miss Mary L., 12, Exeter Mansions, Cricklewood, London, N. Hind, Wheelton, M.D., F.G.S., Roxeth House, Stoke-on-Trent. Hirase, Y., Kioto, Japan. | Hoyle, W. E., D.Sc., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., Owens College, Manchester. | Hudleston, W. H., M.A., F.R.S., 8, Stanhope Gardens, London, 8S. W. | Ihering, Dr. H. von, Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Iredale, T. Ellerkeld, Boundary Road, Merivale, Christchurch, New Zealand. LIST OF MEMBERS. O) Jarvis, P. W., Colonial Bank, Kingston, Jamaica. Johansen, A. cn D:Ph., M. Se, NG Landskronag: ide, Copenhagen, Sir. Johnson, C. W., Boston Society of Natural History, Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Jones, Surgeon K. Hurlstone, R.N., R.N. Hospital, Hong Kong. Jousseaume, Dri329;, Rue de Gerjov ie, Paris. Jukes- Browne, Alvin CaS, Floriston, Cleveland Road, Torquay. Kennard, A. 8., 161, Mackenzie Road, Beckenham, Kent. Kensett, Percy F., Broadmeadow, Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, London, 8. W. Kenyon, Mrs. Agnes F., 291, Highett Street, Richmond, Victoria, Australia. Kobelt, Dr. W., Schwanheim (Main), Germany. Laidlaw, F. F., Ivanhoe Hotel, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. Lange, H. O., c/o H. Lehmann & Stage, Lévstroede, Copenhagen. Lawson, Peter, 87, Finlay Street, Fulham, London, 8.W. Lebour, Miss M. V., B.Sc., Radcliffe House, Corbridge-on-Tyne, Northumberland. Leighton, T., F.G.8., Lindisfarne, St. Julian’s Farm Road, West Norwood, London, 'S.E. Lightfoot, ae South African Museum, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. Linter, Miss J. E., Saville House, Heath Road, Twickenham. Lodder, Miss Mary, c/o A. Dawson, Bank of Australasia, Launceston, Tasmania. Longstaft, Mrs. G. B., Highlands, Putney Heath, London, 8.W. Lucas, B. R., 3, Dyar Terrace, Winnington, Northwich. MacAndrew, J. J., F.L.8., Lukesland, Ivy Bridge, 8. Devonshire. Manger, W. T., 100, Manor Road, Brockley, London, S.E. Marshall, Arthur Grotjan, Clovelly, Park Road, Wallington, Surrey. Matthews, E. H. V., Post and Telegraph Station, Clare, South Australia. May, Dr. T. H., Bundaberg, Queensland. May, W. L., Forest Hill, Sandford, Tasmania. McBean, John, P.O. Box, 1146, Johannesburg, Transvaal. Meiklejohn, Dr. W. J. 8., F.L.8., 105, Holland Road, Kensington, London, W. Melvill, J. Cosmo, M. Ne F.L.S., Meole Brace Hall, Shrewsbury. Monterosato, Marquis A. de, 2, Via Gregorio Ugdulina, Palermo, Sicily. Mort, H.S., B.Se., Engineering School, University of Sydney, New South Wales. Moss, W., F.C.A., 13, Milton Place, Ashton-under-Lyne. Murdoch, R., Wanganui, New Zealand. Newton, R. Bullen, F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 8. W. Norman, Rev. Canon Merle, D.C.L., F.R.S., The Red House, Berkhampsted, Herts. Pace, 8., F.Z.S., Marine Station, Millport, N.B. Pannell, Charles, East Street, Haslemere, Surrey. Pavlow, Dr. Alexis, Professor of Geology, "The Univ ersity, Moscow. Peile, Major As "The Royal Artillery, Portsmouth. Pilsbry, Elec. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. Ponsonby, J. H., F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, 8. W. 4 LIS.f OF MEMBERS. O Preston, Hugh B., F.Z.S., 53, West Cromwell Road, London, 8S.W. 1893 Pritchard, G. B., 22, Mantell Street, Moonee Ponds, Victoria. 1893 Quekett, J. F., F.Z.S., The Museum, Town Hall, Durban, Natal. 1899 Ramanan, V. V., M.A., F.Z.S., 4 Sami Pillai Street, Triplicane, Madras. 1903 Randles, W. B., Technical College, Derby. 1901 Reynell, Alexander, 152,Selhurst Road, South Norwood, London, 8.E. 1900 Ridewood, W. G., D.Sc., 61, Oakley Street, Chelsea, London, 5.W. 1905 Ritchie, John, jun., 581, Warren Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. 1897 Rolle, Hermann, $9, Koniggratzen Strasse, Berlin, W.S. O Rosevear, J. Burman, 109, New Kings Road, Fulham, London, 8.W. O Scharff, R. F., Ph.D., D.Se., Tudor House, Dumdrum, Co. Dublin. 1894 Schepman, M. M., Rhoon, Rotterdam, Holland. 1897 Shopland, Commander E. R., Weeting, Sherringham, Norfolk. 1894 Simroth, Dr. Heinrich Rudolf, Oetzsch-Gautzsch, Leipzig. O Smith, Edgar A., I.8.0., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S.W. O- Soul, J. 8., 3, Nightingale Road, Clapton, London, N.E. O Sowerby, G. B., F.L.S., Riverside, Kew Gardens, Surrey. O Stalley, H. J., Christ’s Hospital, West Horsham, Sussex. 1902 Stevens, R. H., Bradfield, Berkshire. 1900 Stubbs, A. G., The Meads Cottage, Hailey Lane, Hertford. 1893 Stump, E. C., Polefield, Blackley, Manchester. 1894 Suter, Henry, Eden Terrace, Haslett Street, Auckland, New Zealand. QO Sykes, Ernest Ruthven, B.A., Fairoaks, Addlestone, Surrey. 1906 Thiele, Dr., Konigl. Zoologisches Museum, Invaliden Strasse, 43, Berlin. O Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A., Estyn, Chester ; c/o T. Kensington, Esq., Mathon Lodge, West Malvern. O Turton, Lieut.-Col. W. H., D.8.0., Harley House, Clifton Down, Bristol. 1894 Verco, Dr. J. C., North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia. 1895 Vignal, Mons. L., 28, Avenue Duquesne, Paris. 1894 Walker, Bryant, 205, Moftat Buildings, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. 1904 Walker, Commander J. J., R.N., Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summer- town, Oxford. 1905 Watson, Hugh, Bracondale, The Avenue, Cambridge. O Watson, Rev. R. Boog, LL.D., F.R.S.E., 11, Strathearn Place, Edinburgh. O Webb, W. M., F.L.S., 7, Campbell Road, Hanwell, London, W. 1903 Webster, Rev. W. H., B.A., The Hermitage, Waiuku, Auckland, New Zealand. 1894 Whidborne, Rev. G. F., M.A., F.G.S., Hammerwood, East Grinstead. 1904 Williams, Mrs. Alice L., 593, Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, II1., WeSxAz O Wilmer, Lieut.-Col. L. W., Lothian House, Ryde, Isle of Wight. 1897 Woods, Henry, M.A., F.G.S., Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge. QO Woodward, B. B., F.L.S., 4, Longtield Road, Ealing, London, W. © Woodward, Dr. Henry, F.R.S., 129, Beaufort Street, Chelsea, London, 8.W. All corrections or alterations of address are to be sent to Alex. Reynell, 152, Selhurst Road, S. Norwood, London, S.E. PRO Orn EN Gs OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 10ra Novemper, 1905, E. R. Syxes, B.A., President, in the Chair. George Wynn Westcott was elected a member of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Drymaeus, Aimphicyclotus, and Neocyclotus, from South and Central America.”? By 8. I. Da Costa. 2. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Achatina from Mashonaland.”’ By 8. I. Da Costa. 3. ‘On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra.” Part I. By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., F.L.S. 4. “Description of a new species of Oliva.” By F. G. Bridgman. 5. “On the Anatomy of Hnsis macha, Solen Fonesir, and 8. viridis.” By H. H. Bloomer. Mr. F. G. Bridgman exhibited specimens of Oliva cuncata, Marrat, and Olivella mica, Duclos, pointing out the difference between these two species and referring to the errors that previous authors had made im the determination of the first. The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen exhibited scalariform examples of Helix aspersa, Miill., and of Hygromia rufescens, Pennant; also a melanotic example of Helicigona arbustorum, Linn. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a series of all the described species and varieties (except two) of Cataulus from Ceylon, to show the range of specific variation within one island. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 8ra DecemBer, 1905. E. R. Sykss, B.A., President, in the Chair. Charles J. Gabriel, Hugh Watson, B. R. Lucas, Robert Etheridge, and Ernest Buschbeck were elected members of the Society. VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 1 bo PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The following communications were read :— 1. “A Revision of the Species of Cyclostrematide and Liotiide occurring in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea.”? By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A. 2. ‘ Deseription of Cyclostrema Prestont and Nassa Tindalli, n.spp., from Ceylon.” By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A. 3. (1) ‘*On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s ‘Erd- und Siisswasser-Gasteropoden,’ 8vo, St. Gallen, 1840.” (11) ‘On some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of Gastropods.” (i) ‘‘Cement as a Slug- killer.” By B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. 4. “A Pteropod Alias.” (a) By C. Hedley. (6) By E. R. Sykes, B.A. 5. “Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells, probably from Ceylon.”” By H. B. Preston 6. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Limnea from North-West Australia.” By H. B. Preston. The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen read a letter from Mr. Swanton describing the exact locality in which the melanotic Helicigona arbustorum shown by him at the last meeting was found. Mr. A. Reynell exhibited specimens of Opeas with eggs in the oviduct. Mr. A. S. Kennard exhibited the shell of a Zestacella Mauget from a holocene deposit at Porlock Weir. The position of the shell led Mr. Kennard to regard it as native, and not a late importation. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited specimens of Cryptoplax striatus (an Australian species) from the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, January 127, 1906. E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair. Dr. Henry Woodward and Mr. W. Bendall were appointed auditors. Francis EK. Adams, Louis A. Breun, and C. Montague Cooke, jun., were elected members of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. “On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s ‘Die Land- und Stisswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt,’ 4to, Wiesbaden (C. W. Kreidel), 1870-75.’ By B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. 2. ‘On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and a remarkable form of Cyprea cruenta, from South Africa.” By G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S. 3. ‘Critical remarks on certain forms of Ch/oritis, with descriptions of twelve new species.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S. 4. ‘‘Notes on the Anatomy of South African Aplysiide, with descriptions of two new species.” By R. H. Burne, B.A. 5. ‘On Conus Waterhouseea, Brazier, var.’ and ‘On Voluta papillosa, Swainson, var.” By Mrs. Kenyon. NOTES. 3 Mr. 8. I. Da Costa exhibited some new species of land shells from South America and the Philippine Islands. The Rey. R. Ashington Bullen exhibited specimens of Glycimeris pectunculus and Nassa inecrassata from Herm, showing remarkable colour peculiarities. Mr. E. A. Smith, 1.8.0., exhibited pieces of chalk and chlorite schist perforated by Pholas and showing, with exceptional clearness, striations caused by the prickles of the shell. Mrs. Kenyon sent for exhibition :—(i) Some specimens of Cyprea tigris showing longitudinal hair-like lines or strive on the dorsal surface, for which, in the year 1902, she had proposed the varietal name lineata. (11) A young example of the so-called Voluta Ken- yoniana, Brazier, and a photograph of the type, of which the ‘present whereabouts is unknown.” (ii) A young specimen of the rare Voluta Roadknighte, McCoy, consisting of two normal whorls and a remarkably large globose protoconch. (iv) A coloured drawing of Conus pulcherrimus, Brazier, taken from the type in her own collection. NOTES. On tHE Dates oF PusuiicaTiIon oF J. D. WitHEeLM Harrmann’s “ ERD- UND SUSSWASSER-GASTEROPODEN,” 8vo, St. Gallen, 1840. (Read 8th December, 1905.)—Some uncertainty has always been felt concerning the exact dates of publication of the various parts of this important work. Reviews of the first seven parts, however, appeared in Js?s, which, allowing for the obvious misprint with respect to parts 3 and 4, enables us approximately to fix their dates, while there need be no hesitation about accepting the date of the concluding part of the work as given in Engelmann’s “ Bibliotheca Historico- Naturalis,” p. 446 (1846). Heft 1,2: pp. 1-37, pls. 1-12, 1840. Jszs, xxxiii, June, 1840, col. 487. » 3: pp. 37-60, pls. 13-24, } 1840 2 : : pp. 61-116, pls, 25-36, } [i.e.1841}. Isis, xxxv, July, 1842, col. 559. : pp. 117-148, pls. 37-48, ; ; : = aa Wane} is ey 1842. Isis, xxxvi, Sept., 1843, col. 720. : pp. 157-204, pls. 61-72, 1843. Jsvs, xxxvii, Aug., 1844, col. 634. : pp. 205-227, pls. 73-84, [1844]. SID oe B. B. Woopwarp. On THE Dates OF PUBLICATION oF C. L. F. von SANDBERGER’S “Diz LAND- UND SUSSWASSER-CONCHYLIEN DER VORWELT,” 4to, Wies- baden (C. W. Kreidel), 1870-75. (Read 12th January, 1906.)—Owing to the infatuated objection of binders to the preservation of wrappers, the exact dates of publication of the several parts of this work, a matter of the utmost importance to specialists on account of the number of new genera and species involved, have not been ascertainable from an inspection of any of the copies open to us. Nor, with the exception of MM. Dollfus & Ramond, to whose work Mr. R. B. Newton has drawn my attention, have any of the bibliographers given the contents of the parts. MM. Dollfus & Ramond, in their ‘ Bibliographie de la Conchyliologie du Terrain Tertiaire Parisien,” 8vo, Paris, 1886, p. 20 (whose statements are 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. reprinted by Mr. Newton, ‘Syst. List of the F. E. Edwards Coll. of Brit. Olig. and Eocene Moll., ” p. 320, though their source is not mentioned), attribute 12 instead of 11 parts to the work, and are wrong in other minor particulars. Through the kindness, however, of Messrs. Dulau & Co., communication was opened with the original publishers of the work, and the following authoritative details have been obtained which set the matter at rest = Lief. ne : pp. 1-96, pls. i-xn, 1870. Me os : pp. 97-160, pls. xili-xx, 1871. : pp. 161-256, pls. xxi-xxxii, 1872. a < Eth pp. 257-352, pls. xxxiii-xxxvi, 1873. » 11: pp. i-viii, 353-1000, 1875. B. B. Woopwarp. CEMENT AS A SLUG-KILLER! (Read 8th December, 1905.) — The accompanying photograph shows the fate that overtakes the unwary slug that essays a journey over a surface of dry cement. The porous material simply sucks all the moisture out of its body. and unless the animal can effect a good retreat it speedily succumbs. The tragedy here shown took place in the early morning of 13th September last at the back of my house in Ealing, and was kindly photographed for me by my neighbour, Mr. C. C. Roberts. The copious exudation of glistening mucous is clearly shown, as well as the frantic efforts of the unfortunate mollusc to escape from the sucking action of the cement, by rearing and flinging itself to one side or the “other, instead of steadily progressing over the surface. The dead slug is seen at the end of the trail of slime, which was so tenaciously retained by the cement that it was still visible in November. B. B. WooDWARD. NOTES. 5 A Preropop Auias. (Read 8th December, 1905.)—In a recent memoir on “The Thecosomata and Gymnosomata of the Siboga Expedition,” Mr. J. J. Tesch touches on the nomenclature of the genus usually known as Cavolinia. In a footnote (p. 34) he states that a name ‘‘ Goénea,” which he is unable to verify, probably has priority over Cavolinia, and in Appendix I he adds that he afterwards consulted the book, and finds that “the author (Gioéni) proposes, on p. xxiv and p. xxv, that the animal, which without any doubt must be Cavolinia tridentata, shall be called after him.” This ambiguous remark suggests that ‘“‘ Gioén7a” was here legitimately proposed for a Pteropod. But in the “Index Animalium ” (vol. i, pp. xxvi, 421) Sherborn definitely states that here ‘‘ Gioénaia does not occur.” The same useful guide assists us to the discovery that Bruguiére defined and figured (Encycl. Méth., Vers i, p. x1, pl. clxx) as Guroénia, the gizzard of Scaphanier. If revived, Gioénia apparently should oust Scaphander. 'Tesch’s citation and Sherborn’s omission of Cavolinia or Cavolina of Abildgaard suggest that the Swedish author did not use binomials, and that his name cannot be maintained. But Cavolina of Bruguiére (op. cit., pl. Ixxxv) is a Nudibranch. What name, then, Humphrey’s, Lamarck’s, or another’s, shall be given to Anomia tridentata, Forskal ? C. HEDLEY. The above note rendered it desirable that some person who had access to the literature should consider the question. Gioéni’s work, which appeared in 1783, does not contain any Latin names, and is of no authority in nomenclature. He dealt with three forms: (a) the gizzard of Scaphander, afterwards called Gioéuia by Bruguitre; (b) what I take to be the Anomia tridentata of Forskal; (c) a true Anomia. In 1791 Abildgaard (Skr. Nat. Selsk., vol. i, pt. 2, p. 175) proposed the name Cavolina for a form which he figured and called C. natans, and which I consider to be the Anomia tridentata of Forskal. The same year Bruguiére proposed the same name (Ency. Méth., Tabl. Vers, pl. Ixxxv) for two forms which are, according to p. 138 of the same work (published in 1824), Holis peregrina, Lam., and E£. afinis, Lam. The name was therefore used in one year both for a Pteropod and a Nudibranch. Bearing in mind the impossibility of deciding at the present day as to their relative priority, and also that Bruguiére’s name only appeared on the plate, I consider that Abildgaard’s name should be adopted, as has generally been done. Gioénia of Bruguiére appeared in 1789 (Ency. Méth., Vers, vol. i, p. xii), and related to the gizzard of Scaphander lignaria (see Deshayes, Ency. Méth., Vers, vol. ii, p. 167). The conclusion, therefore, at which I arrive is that Cavolina, Abildgaard, is the correct generic term for the Anomia tridentata of Forskal. E. R. SYKEs. On tHe Locatitry or tHE Metanotic HeLrcigoNA ARBUSTORUM EXHIBITED NovemMBER 10TH. (Read 8th December, 1905.)—It occurs in a hedge-bank on the Corallian between Todber and Marnhull in North Dorset. A ditch always containing water adjoins the hedge-bank, but the latter is not particularly damp. The species is chiefly confined to that part of the hedge which has an undergrowth of ivy. All the specimens are somewhat darker than usual, but absolutely melanotic forms are very rare there. I believe only two or three have been as yet found. G. W. Swanton. On Conus Warernouses, Brazier,’ var. (Read 12th January, 1906.)-—This variety from the Mauritius differs somewhat in colour from 1 It was pointed out by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, and the meeting generally concurred, that this so-called species was merely the young state of C. distuns, Hwass.— Ep. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. the type originally described from the Solomon Islands (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., 1895, p. 471). It is of a light-brown colour with white irregular blotches at the middle of the body-whorl, which is chocolate brown at the anterior end. The type, on the contrary, has the white patches distributed all over the body-whorl. The brown spotting between the tubercles on the spire are also much darker in the latter than in the variety. A. F. KEnyon. On Votura PaAprILtosA, Swainson,’ var. (Read 12th January, 1906.) — This variety is solid, ponderous, and differs from the type in being longitudinally costate, excepting on the last half of the body- whorl. Ribs numerous on the upper whorls. The columella swollen in the middle, with three strong plaits and a fourth obscure one below, as in typical examples of the species. A, F. Kenyon. 1 It was agreed at the meeting that this variety was inseparable from the Voluta Kenyoniana, Brazier. This costate variety should therefore stand under the name V’. papillosa, var. Kenyoniana. Mrs, Kenyon had proposed a varietal name, which now becomes unnecessary.— Ep. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF DRYMAUS, AMPHICYCLOTUS, AND NHOCYCLOTUS, FROM SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA. By 8. I. Da Costa. Read 10th November, 1905. PLATE I. Drymavus Syxkssi, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 1. Testa elongato-fusiformis, ampliter umbilicata, solidula, albida, strigis fasciisque fusco-nigricantibus, conspicue fenestrata; spira acuminata; anfractus 7, leviter convexi, ultimus + longitudinis zequans, sub lente minutissime transversim striatus ; sutura impressa ; apertura oblonga, verticalis, intus albida; peristoma album, late expansum et reflexum, marginibus callo purpureo junctis, columellari valde dilatato, fornicato. Long. 52, diam.19mm.; apertura 24 longa, 13 lata. Hab.—Bogota. This shell, described from a single specimen, resembles a gigantic D. cognatus, Pilsbry, but differs from that species in many other respects than mere size, notably in being much thicker, and from its heavy flaring lip. I have taken the liberty of naming this species after my esteemed friend Mr. E. R. Sykes, the President of the Malacological Society. Drymzvs norasitis, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 2 Testa oblongo-ovata, tenuiuscula, compresse anguste umbilicata; pallide fulvida, purpureo-fusco irregulariter strigata, et fasciis tribus fuscis, interruptis ornata ; spira attenuata, ad apicem acutiuscula; anfractus 6, parum convexi, oblique creberrime plicato-striati, sub lente transversim minute decussati, ultimus $ longitudinis testi gequans ; columella recta, violacea; apertura ampla, ovali-oblonga, intus rufo-violacea; peristoma album, tenue, late expansum, margine columellari breviter reflexo et appresso. Long. 33, diam. 17 mm. ; apertura 17 longa, 10 lata. Hab.—Antioquia, Colombia. As in other species from this region, a wide range of variability is noticeable. The distinction in this shell from others in the D. felix group les in its more ventricose outline, its very narrow perforation, and especially in the large ovate aperture. Drymazvs noratus, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 3. Testa elongato-fusiformis, profunde rimata, solidula, nitida, ir- regulariter oblique subplicata, flavescens, strigis numerosis flexuosis castaneis ornata, zona interrupta macularum. subnigrarum notata; spira pyramidata; anfractus 6, parum convexi, ultimus bizonatus 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. spiram sequans, infra rimam striga nigricante cinctus ; sutura impressa ; apertura verticalis, oblongo-ovalis, violacea; columella recta, sub- plicata; peristoma valde expansum, album, marginibus approximatis. Long. 34°5, diam. 16 mm. ; apertura 17 longa, 11 lata. Hab.—Antioquia, Colombia. This shell resembles somewhat D. cognatus, Pilsbry. It is, however, much thicker and has a more slender form. The umbilicus is deep in each, but D. cognatus lacks the black streak behind the rimation. Drymzvs acuminatvs, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 4. Testa acuminato-fusiformis, subumbilicata, solidula, alba, distanter purpureo-fusco, longitudinaliter strigata; spira acuminata; anfractus 7z, modice convexi, ultimus # longitudinis teste equans, oblique fortiter striatus, sub lente transversim minutissime striatus; sutura impressa; apertura oblonga, subflexuosa, intus albida; columella recta, violacea; peristoma subexpansum, et antice effusum, margine dextro arcuato, supra paulo sinuato, columellari subincrassato, breviter reflexo, appresso. Long. 33, diam. 14mm.; apertura 14 longa, 5 lata. Hab.—Matto Grosso, Brazil. ° A rather peculiar shell, unlike any known to the writer, who obtained it at the dispersal of the collection of the late Mr. Miers, with other Brazilian shells, Drymzus BELLUS, n.sp. PI. I, Fig. 5. Testa fusiformi-ovata, anguste umbilicata, tenuicula, nitida, alba, strigis paucis obscure fuscis ornata, ad apicem rosacea ; anfractus 6, leviter convexi, leves, vel sub lente minute spiraliter striati, ultimus $ longitudinis totius equans ; sutura impressa; apertura ampla, ovata, oblique dilatata; columella reflexa, appressa; peristoma album, effusum et expansum, intus vivide violaceo-purpureum. Long. 33, diam. 16mm.; apertura 18 longa, 12 lata. Hab.—San Martin, Colombia. This species has many of the characters of the typical form of D, feliz. In the shape, size, and colour of the aperture it resembles D. confluens, Pfr., and D. violaceus, Mouss., but lacks the nodule at the base of the columella, which is present in those shells. Drymxus pseupo-Fusorpes, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 6. Testa elongato-oblonga, subperforata, tenuis, subpellucida, levis, nitida, albida, ad apicem rosea, strigis cerulescenti-fuscis, angustis undatis longitudinalter ornata; anfractus 6, convexi, ad suturam minute suberenulati, et anguste marginati; apertura oblonga, albida; labrum tenue, album, leviter expansum; columella subrecta, superne reflexa. Long. 33:5, diam. 12 mm.; apertura 15 longa, 7 lata. Hab.—Bogota, Colombia. Only one example of this form of the group D. fusozdes was obtained, but there is a shell in the British Museum similar in character labelled B. fusordes, var. In the opinion of the writer it is specifically quite distinct. DA COSTA: SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 9 Dryuzvus aneustus, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 7, 8 Testa elongato-oblonga, perforata, tenuiuscula, levis, nitida, albida ; strigis ceerulescenti-fuscis, angustis, longitudinaliter undulatis, ornata, macularum seriebus duabus cincta; anfractus 64, convexiusculy, ultimus spira paulo brevior; sutura marginata; apertura oblonga, basi effusa, intus purpurea; columella subplicata, oblique recedens ; peristoma simplex, late expansum, marginibus callo tenui purpureo junctis. Long. 31°5, diam. 10; apertura 14 longa, 6°5 lata. Hab.— Bogota. The nearest ally of this form is D. fusoides, Orb., a much thinner and broader shell. This unique specimen is not in very fresh condition, the marking being somewhat indistinct. It is incorrect to state that D. fusovdes is peculiar to Bolivia, the writer having specimens from both Ecuador and Colombia. Drymzvus Preston, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 9, 10. Testa elongato-ovata, perforata, tenuiuscula, nitida, albida, strigis nigro-castaneis longitudinaliter picta, anfractus 64, convexiusculi, irregulariter striati, ultimus # teste squans; sutura marginata ; apertura ovalis, peristoma crassiusculum, yix expansiusculum, roseum ; columella breviter dilatata, rosea. Long. 21, diam. 10 mm. ; apertura 10 longa, 6 lata. Var. cANCELLATA. Fig. 10. Testa similis, sed brevior, zonis tribus cinctus. Hab.—Chiriqui, Panama. This species bears a strong resemblance to D. trazuensis, Angas, and is represented by several examples hitherto unnamed in the British Museum. I have much pleasure in naming this pretty shell after my friend Mr. H. B. Preston. AmMPHIcycLoTus CHAaNncHAPOYASENSIS, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 11-18. Testa ampliter umbilicata, orbiculari-depressa, epidermide decidua ustulato-castanea induta ; spira conico-depressa ; anfractus 44, undique spiraliter lati, ultimus lineis incrementi fortiter striatus, ad peri- pheniam saturate fusco fasciatus; apertura circularis; peristoma simplex; operculum corneum, arctispirale. Diam. maj. 27, min. 21 mm.; alt. 17 mm. Hab.—Chanchapoyas, Peru. This species somewhat resembles A. Guayaquilensis, Sow., from Ecuador, in its spiral sculpture; it is, however, a larger shell. Among several specimens received one example shows a variation in respect of altitude, being much more depressed, all the other features being the same as the type. This would appear to be the only species of the genus hitherto discovered in Peru. Neocyctorus pEepressus, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 14-16. Testa aperte umbilicata, plane depressa, subdiscoidea, fulvescenti- olivacea, supra peripheriam pallida, ad peripheriam linea fusca cincta ; 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4} anfractus 4, ad suturam impressi, oblique filoso-striati; apertura sub- circularis ; labrum subexpansum; operculum testaceum, arctispirale. Diam. maj. 27:5, min. 19°5 mm. ; alt. 13 mm. Hab.—Peru. A very depressed species. Two others only are recorded from Peru, viz. VV. Bartletti, Pir., and connivens, H. Adams, both quite small shells. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Fie. 1. Drymeus Sykest, n.sp. as ee: 5 notabilis, n.sp. Ape Gk sn notatus, N.sp. weet. ae acuminatus, 0.sp. 3 A bellus, n.sp. a9) (Os BA pseudo-fusoides, D.sp. Figs. 7, 8. a angustus, N.Sp. Fie. 9. ¥ Prestoni, v.sp. ie Oe * an var. cancellata. Figs. 11-138. Amphicyclotus Chanchapoyasensis, 0.sp. 5, 14-16. Neocyclotus depressus, n.sp. ! Proc. Matac. Soc. ~ 14. 15. » A.H.Searle del.et lith NEW LAND SHELLS AND SOUTH Vor. VU, Px.1. FROM CENTRAL AMERIGA. Huth, imp. 11 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA FROM MASHONALAND. By S. I. Da Costa. Read 10th November, 1905. ACHATINA JACOBI, D.Sp. Testa ovato-subfusiformis, ventricosa, imperforata, tenuis; an- fractus 8, longitudinaliter rugoso-striati, priores sub lente minutissime egranulati, ultimus lineis impressis paucis reticulatus, stramineus, strigis castaneo-brunneis fulguratis, spiram paulo superans; apex obtusus ; sutura subcrenulata; columella recta, leviter torta, oblique truncata; apertura parum obliqua, angulate-ovalis, intus plumbea; peristoma simplex, acutum, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro nigrescenti-marginato. Long. 109, diam. 54mm.; apertura 56 longa, 26 lata. Hab.—Rusape, Mashonaland. This would appear to be a common species from the large number of specimens received in all stages of growth. Young examples apparently resemble A. Studleyi, Melv. & Pons., figured in the Proceedings of this Society, Vol. II, p. 291. Whether the adults exhibit similar affinities or not, they can hardly be specifically the same, seeing the enormous distance which separates the habitations of the two, viz. Mashonaland and Old Calabar. ON SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA FROM SUMATRA. PAR Tle By the Rev. R. Asurneron Butten, B.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Read 10th November, 1905. PLATE II. Te shells recorded in this communication have been collected during the Spring and Summer months of 1905 in various localities in mid- Sumatra, and reached me during July and August. A further series will arrive later and be dealt with in a future paper. The sequence followed in this paper is that adopted by Dr. E. von Martens in Max Weber’s ‘‘Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch Ost-Indien,”’ Band ii (1892), pp. 209-264, and Band iv, Heft 1 (1897), pp. 1-331. CycLopHorus (CrossopomMa) PLANORBULUM, Lamarck. Hab.—Mount Sago. CycLtopHorus (AmpLus) Eximius, Mousson. Hab.—Mount Sago. Dark variety. Var. Rovyrst, n.var. Pl. II, Figs. 1, 2. Testa subdepresse turbinata, permodice umbilicata, subsolida, superne spiraliter multum subelevate striata, ad peripheriam subcarinata, infra striis etiam multis spiralibus paullum elevatis, sculpta; periostracum ornamento et subfusco et castaneo stictum, infra fuscatum; anfractus 5, tres priores convex1, apicem satis prominentem formantes, duo sequentes subconvexi; sutura leviter impressa; apertura ceruleo-albida, rotun- data, oblique descendens ; peristoma angustum, subcrassum, expansum, vix reflexum, ceruleo-albidum, margine columellari late expanso et reflexo, umbilicum plus minus obtegente; operculum corneum, multi- spirale. Diam. max. 50, min. 41 mm.; alt. 40°5 mm. Hab.—Mount Singalong. These specimens are somewhat like, but smaller than, typical C. eximius, the shell being more closely whorled, the columella being regularly widened so as almost to cover the umbilicus; the body-whorl is also more rotund and the spiral ridges are more rounded, and there are more of them on the under-surface of the body-whorl. In one specimen of C. eximius from Mount Sago there is a widening of the columella, but it is not symmetrical as in the form under discussion, and is more in the nature of an abnormality than a regular widening. The new shell differs in many essentials from C. validus, Sow., and its varieties from the Philippines, and C. appendiculatus, Pfr. The above description is put forward as provisional. M. Henri Rouyer has BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 13 advised Mr. H. C. Fulton that this shell was being described as CO. eximius, var. Ouwenst, Koll., in Batavia, but the record has not yet come to hand, and as M. Rouyer sent it to me as a species to be identified in July, 1905, I describe it with the above reservation. CyctopHorus (SaLpINGorpHorts) PLICIFERUS, Martens. Hab.—Mount Singalong. _ A very dark specimen, the body-whorl being very much malleated on the upper surface. Mreatostoma (Coprocuettus) Sumatranum, Dohrn. Hab.—Mount Bongson. Purina (Evpuprna) supersa, Pfeiffer. Hab.—Mount Bongson. Stunted specimens. XeEsTA CORNICEN, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 3, 4. Testa anguste perforata, tenuis, subpellucida, flavide cornea, lineis incrementi tenuibus striisque spiralibus obsoletis sculpta ; spira brevis, ad apicem paulum elata; anfractus 43, tres superiores convexiusculi, ultimus ad peripheriam rotunde angulatus, supra angulum et ad suturam canaliculatus; apertura angulatim late lunata; peristoma tenue, margine columellari supra umbilicum breviter reflexo. Diam. max. 23, min. 17°5mm.; alt. 12 mm. Hab.—Mount Talang. This specimen is not unlike X. glutinosa, Metcalfe, but it trumpets much more, and is a more fragile shell. TrocoomoreHa Donertyt, Aldrich. Not in Von Martens’ lists. Evrora (Precrorropis) Sumarrana, Martens. Hab.—Mount Bongson. Srenocyra Hastata, Boettg. Hab.—Mount Merapi. Not in Von Martens’ lists. It is a Javanese species also. Suputina ocrona (Chemnitz). Hab.—Pajakombo. From banana plantations. These specimens, like some received from Java, seem to contain ova. Crausit1a (PHapusa) Sumatrana, Martens, var. vicarta, Sykes. Hab.—Mount Sago. Ciausrtra corticina, Von dem Busch. Hab.—Pajakombo. More rugose than type. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Limya BrRevisprra, Martens. Hab.—Mount Bongson. The sender describes these specimens as ‘‘ de la petite marre.”” But the latter word is not in Contanseau’s French Dictionary: ‘ marais’ would be understandable ; ‘ marre’ is perhaps a local French variant. Limna Excavata, Mousson. Hab.—Mount Sago. Liuyza Bonesonensts, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 5, 6. Testa producte ovata, tenuis, fusco-cornea; anfractus 4, convexi, lineis incrementi striati; anfractus ultimus elongatus, tumidus, ad suturam non impressus, notis transversis pellucidis pallide corneis pictus ; spira brevis, erosa; apertura subpyriformis ; columella tortuosa, fusco-castanea, intus nitida, fusco-cornea ; labium super regionem columellarem late appressum ; peristoma simplex. Long. 21, lat. 12 mm. Hab.—Mount Bongson. Isrpora Sumatrana (Martens). Hab.—River at Souliki. Exterior much stained by impure water of habitat. Dr. E. von Martens! described this species as having seven whorls, but three specimens (figs. 27-29) are figured with six only. These latter agree with mine, which have a similar number. Pruanorsis prociivis, Martens. Hab.—Mount Singalong. AmputtaRIA Sumartrensts, Phil. Hab.—F¥rom the rice-fields, Pajakombo. Vivieara Sumarrensis, Dkr. | Hab.—Pajakombo, and river at Piladang. Dark variety. Metanta Inpraatrica, Martens. Hab.—River Indragiri, and a variety from the River Kwantan, an affluent of the Indragiri. Meranra (Prorra) scapra, Miiller. Hab.—Brook at Piladang. Merania (Prorra) patura, Dohrn. Hab.—Brook at Pajakombo. MEtaNIA DISTINGUENDA, Brot. | Hab.—River of Pajakombo. 1 Zool. Ergeb., Band iv, Heft 1, p. 8, pl. i, figs. 26-29. BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA, 15 Metania pacopa, Lea. Var. cosrunatTa, Schepman, Hab.—River of Pajakombo. Sr a 1 Metania Savrnteret, var., Morlet. Uelania Savinieret (Brot MS.), Morlet: J. de Conch., 1884, p. 330, pl. vu, fig. 2. Hab.—River of Pajakombo. Metanra curvicosta, Martens. Hab.—River of Mount Merapi. Var. Presronrana, n.var. PI. II, Fig. 8. ~s En ae Testa typo similis sed minor, levigata; cost longitudinales, obsolete, strie et lines incrementi plus minus delete; color fuscus ; anfr. ? , superiores abrupti; reliqui 38-4 convexiusculi; anfractus distalis clausus. Long. ad 25:5, diam. max. 11 mm. Hab.—Mount Merapi. Smaller than type, ribs obsolete, spire truncated, and distal whorl sealed. Metanra Javanica, Von dem Busch, var. Hab.—River Kwantan, affluent of the Indragiri. Meranta trata, Benson. Hab.—River of Mount Bongson. Merania susppiicata, Schepman. Hab.—River at Souliki. MeELanta unrFascrata, Mousson. Hab.—River at Souliki. Metania Syxest, nsp. Pl. II, Fig. 7. Testa pyrgiformis, epidermide fusco-olivacea induta, longitudinaliter costata, costis nodosis ad apicem ; sutura impressa ; anfractus 9 convex, ultimus liris quatuor spiralibus basi cinctus; peristoma tenue, ali- quantum incrassatum ad columellam non-productam ; apertura elongate elliptico - rhomboidalis, simplex, intus pallide- olivacea, pellucida. Long. 21, diam. max. 6 mm. Hab.—Piladong and the Souliki Range. Unio Sumarrensis, Lea. Hab.—Rivers Indragiri and Kwantan. Unto PasakomBoensis, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 9-11. _Testa solida, ovata, tumida, inequilateralis, antice et postice leviter hians, nitida, flavido - fusco - viridis; valve postice decliviter sub- rotundatz, concentrice substriate ; umbones propinqui, erosi; dens anterior cardinis valve dextre longus, erectus, declivis, fere leyis, 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. interdum cum dente parvo auxiliari parallelo juxta marginem ex- ternam sito; dens posterior elongatus, duobus paribus dentes duo posteriores valyze sinistre seque elongati; dens anticus interiore pzene obsoletus ; cicatrix antica alta, postica minime profunda; ligamentum prominens. Long. 77, alt. 51°5, diam. 37 mm. Hab.—River at Pajakombo. Corsicuta Moussonr, Desh. Hab.—River Kwantan, affluent of the Indragiri, and the Souliki Range. One Corbicula from the River Kwantan is not included in this paper, as its affinities are not at present quite clear. My best thanks are due to Mr. E. A. Smith for access to the speci- mens and literature in the British Museum, and to Mr. E. R. Sykes for the loan of a specimen of Cyclophorus pliciferus and for useful information. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Fies. 1, 2. Cyclophorus (Amplus) eximius, var. Rouyeri, n.var. »5 3,4. Xesta cornicen, n.sp. + 5,6. Limnea Bongsonensis, n.sp. Fig. 7. Melania Sykesi, n.sp. a 8. Melania curvicosta, var. Prestoniana, n.var. ae 9. Unio Pajakomboensis, n.sp. ne 10. Hinge of right valve. nA 11. Hinge of left valve. 1 i} f I a Proc. Marac.Soc. Vor Vile re le oO. e).Green delet lith LAND & FRESHWATER SHELLS*> FROM SUMATRA. 17 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVA. By F. G. Bripeman. Read 10th November, 1905. Oxtva SMITHI, 0.sp. Shell ovately cylindrical, with a short acuminate spire; whitish, with a reticulation of zigzag lines, some being light brown, others very dark rich brown, interrupted here and there by longitudinal greyish-blue streaks, especially towards the labrum ; whorls 7-8, the 3 to 4 apical ones constituting the protoconch, corneous, and somewhat convex, the rest flatly sloping or even faintly concave, more or less blotched with dark brown above, and divided by a deeply channelled suture; the last whorl with curved outlines and with the basal fasciole more or less lineated or blotched with brown; aperture somewhat narrow, dark purplish within, but white at the labrum ; columellar side with about fifteen to eighteen transverse plicee or lire upon a defined white callus, which at the anterior end is reflexed over | the whorl as in other species of the genus. Length 22, diam. 10 mm. Hab.—Unknown. Here and there the reticulate markings are interrupted by longi- tndinal greyish streaks as if indicating periods of arrested growth. The above are the dimensions of the largest specimen seen. Another example equally adult is 18°5 mm. in length and 8°5 mm. wide. The two specimens which are now in the British Museum, and which may be considered typical, have been in my possession some months, and were thought by me to be Oliva ‘ stedleta,’ Duclos, until four more specimens were sent me by Mr. Tomlin, of Chester. I then showed them to Mr. Smith, who after carefully comparing them with the figure and description of 0. stelleta given by Duclos in Chenuw’s work, came to the conclusion, with which I quite agree, that this shell is not Duclos’ O. ste/leta, but a new species. As I am indebted to Mr. Smith for first determining and then for very greatly assisting me in describing it, I have given it the most appropriate name of Smithi. Ww VOL. VII. —MARCH, 1906. ON THE ANATOMY OF ZNSIS MACHA, SOLEN FONESTI, AND S. VIRIDIS. By H. H. Broomer. Read 10th November, 1905. By the kindness of Professor E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S., Director of the British Museum, and Mr. Edgar A. Smith, I.8.0., I have been enabled to examine the following species :— 1. Ensts macwa, Molina. E. macha resembles £. ensis, but is more massively built. It is comparatively shorter, broader, and deeper. The edge of the posterior end of the proximal portion of the siphon is quite straight, while in EH. ensis it curves a little anteriorly at the centre. The fourth aperture is longer, and situated nearly in the centre of the ventral surface ; in /. ensis it is more posterior. The muscular flaps enclosing the pedal aperture are larger and curve more inwardly than in Z. ensvs. The anterior adductor muscle is not so broad, but has a greater | increase in depth towards the posterior end. ‘The distance from the posterior adductor muscle to the end of the proximal portion of the © siphon is not so great as in /. ensis. In the free portions of the siphon | (which are longer than in £. ensis) the walls of the two chambers are concresced for some distance. The tentacles bordering the siphonal — apertures are not nearly so numerous as in Z. ensis. Internally, though the alimentary canal resembles that of Z. enszs, the fore-part of the stomach is different. The central cavity is | situated more anteriorly, the pyloric division is larger, and the cesophageal and the cardiac divisions are smaller. The muscular | ridge separating the two last-mentioned divisions, and which appears as a continuation of the muscular papilla, is much more pronounced, while the cesophageal division projects more anteriorly. 2. Soren Fonestt, Dunker. Solen Fonesii resembles S. vagina. The following are the points of difference :— The animal is proportionately shorter and deeper, the length being | only four and a half times the depth. The anterior edge of each | mantle-lobe is straight, not curved as in S. vagina, and runs a little | antero-ventrally. The muscular flaps of the pedal aperture are | broader and are capable of entirely closing it. Their exterior surface | is coloured a brownish black in the specimen examined; a part of the free portion of the siphon has been broken off, but what remains shows | the transverse ribbing to be finer and closer, and to be coloured the same as the muscular flaps of the pedal aperture. A narrow band of | BLOOMER: ON SPECIES OF ENSIS AND SOLEN. 19 _ this pigment traverses the ventral edge of the mantle-lobes, and a still narrower one passes from the siphon along the greater portion of the dorsal integument. The anterior adductor muscle is relatively longer and deeper, but not nearly so broad as in S. vagina, thus making the anterior part of _ the animal considerably shorter. 3. SoLEen viripis, Say. S. viridis also resembles S. vagina, differing from it in being ‘ comparatively deeper and more attenuated at the posterior end. The pedal aperture has a greater curve and extends a little more posteriorly on the ventral surface. The centre of the posterior part of the | proximal portion of the siphon curves a little anteriorly, and around the posterior edge of it is a narrow brownish-black band. A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND LIOTIIDHZ OCCURRING IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND NORTH ARABIAN SEA. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. Read 8th December, 1905. PLATE III. More than four years have now elapsed since a catalogue of those species of Lvotva and Cyelostrema then known to occur in the Persian Gulf and contiguous seas was published,’ and already the number has been nearly doubled. No apology, therefore, seems necessary for again approaching the subject and offering a revision to date. This additional material has been entirely received from Mr. Frederick W. Townsend, whose indefatigable powers of research, both as regards Mollusca and other branches of zoology as well, e.g. ichthyology, have already in their results eclipsed the efforts of previous in- vestigators in this region. As regards this particular instance, the majority of the species now added, three of which are differentiated as new, came from shell-sand dredged in the Gulf of Oman at a considerable depth, a memorable haul indeed, having already brought to light about one hundred species hitherto unknown to science. It has been a matter of some surprise that no typical species of Teinostoma, A. Ad., has yet occurred. It will be noted the name Vitrinella, C. B. Ad., will be in this paper employed subgenerically, and after much deliberation I believe this the correct course to take. Instituted in the year 1850 by Professor C. B. Adams for a series of small, widely umbilicated, often hyaline, mostly smooth, spiral shells from California and other West American shores, Vitrinella was much added to by Dr. Philip Carpenter in his Mazatlan Catalogue, and subsequently by Mr. Andrew Garrett in dealing with species from the Pacific Isles.? At the best, however, it ranks as an obscure genus, and consists, we believe, in greater part, of an ‘olla podrida,’ from which several Cyclostremata and Adeorbes might be extracted. But few are figured, and many have as their types unique dead dredged examples, confessedly imperfect, not easy of access, and therefore, from a scientific point of view, comparatively worthless. It may not be generally known that the celebrated author of | Midshipman Easy,” etc., Captain F. Marryat, C.B., — ‘¢ Peter Simple,” <‘ F.R.S., was the founder of the genus Cyclostrema in the year — 1818, his type being the rare C. cancellatum,*? Marryat, from the | Philippines. 1 Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. ii (1901), pp. 345-347. 2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1873, p. 213, pl. xxi, figs. 138-17. 3 Captain Marryat considered the genus feminine, his type being given as C. cancellata, but if derived from ké«Aos and tpjua, as is probable, it must be of the neuter | gender. | | | | | | MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDH® AND LIOTIID®. 21 In conclusion, I would tender my best acknowledgements to Mr. R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S., for information as to fossil species of the families under discussion; likewise to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, 1.8.0., and Mr. Ernest R. Sykes, F.L.S. Family CYCLOSTREMATIDZ. Genus CYCLOSTREMA, Marryat.! 1. CychosrrEMA ANNELLARIUM, Melvill & Standen. Cyclostrema annellarium, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii (1903), p. 292. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. Distinguishable by its rounded longitudinal riblets, twenty-four in number on the last whorl, the mterstitial surface being microscopically spirally striate. 2. Cycbosrrema carrnatum, H. Adams, Cyclostrema carinatum, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 207, pl. xxiii, fig. 8 Hab.—Persian Gulf, lat. 26°.44’ N., long. 52° 30’ E., on telegraph- cable, 40 fathoms, sand and mud ; also Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. A solid though small species, many spirally ribbed, with smooth interstices, the ribs being incrassate. Mouth on slightly oblique plane. Not very abundant. 3. CycLostreMa crneuLAtuM, Dunker. Cyclostrema cingulatum, Dkr.: Malak. Blatt., vol. vi, p. 225. 8 Dunkeri, Tryon: Man. Conch., vol. Def Us 1. Hab.—Persian Gulf; Gulf of Oman, lat. 26° 23’ N., long. 54° 55’ E., 25 fathoms, sand ; also Bombay (Abercrombie, 1892). A somewhat obscure species, thrice strongly carinate on the periphery, below the suture, and around the umbilicus. Shell shining, white. The name cingulatum has been several times employed in this genus. It is a question whether Dunker or Philippi in this have priority. 4, CychosrreMA crncuLirerum, A., Adams. Cyclostrema cinguliferum, A. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 43. Hab.—Karachi. A species with six acute ribs on the last saihesil white, deeply _umbilicate, discoidally depressed. Not common. 5. CycbLostREMA EBURNEUM, Nevill. Cyclostrema eburneum, G. & H. Nevill: Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 101, pl. viti, figs. 21, 22. Hab.—Persian Gulf: Bushire, Reshire, Kishm Island. Mekran Coast: Charber, 7 fathoms, sand and mud. 1 Trans. Linn. Soc., vel. xii (1818), p. 338. bo bo PROCKEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The thickly keeled periphery, narrow umbilicus, and_ spirally striated interstices, with sculptured base, distinguish this handsome species, which is large for the genus. Nearly allied to, if not absolutely identical with, the original type of the genus C. cancellatum, Marryat, which, however, is an Antillean species. 6. CycLostrema Exieuum, Philippi. Cyclostrema exiguum, Philippi: Zeits. fiir Malak., 1849, p. 25. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. One specimen, without much doubt referable to this species, the type having been described from Aden. It is, though small, an elegant form, the body-whorl being ornamented with four keels, which are crossed by close longitudinal riblets, giving a gemmulate appearance. 7. CyctosrremA GyaLum, Melvill. Cyclostrema gyalum, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi, p. 54, pl. v, fie. 22. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. Very small, but most conspicuous for the thrice-keeled body-whorl, the keels large proportionately and very acute, the umbilicus being particularly profound. 8. CycrosrremMaA Hensamense, Melvill & Standen. Cyclostrema Henjamense, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xit'( 1903); p: 291, plaxx, mips. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Henjam Island, 10 fathoms, amongst coarse sand and broken shells. This species is on the borderland between the genus in which it is placed and Lzotia; the body-whorl is noticeable for its seven carine, closely radiately intersected by slanting riblets, beaded at the points of junction. 9. CycLostrEmA micans, A. Adams. Cyclostrema micans, A. Ad.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 44. an pulchella, Dunker: Malak. Blatt., vol. vi (1860), p. 225. Liotia pulchella, Dunker. Hab.—Karachi (F. W. T.); Bombay (A. Abercrombie). On the borderland between Lvotia and Cyclostrema, the body-whorl possessing three spiral beaded costule, the umbilicar region being | likewise much decorated with two or three other similar rows, the | umbilicus itself being small. Near C. anaglyptum, A. Ad., or C. ocrinium, M. & S. 10. CycLosrreEMA NovEM-caRinatuM, n.sp. Pl. ILI, Figs. 3, 3a. C. testa parva, profunde umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, alba, parum _ nitida, anfractibus 5, quorum 2 apicales vitrei, minutissimi, ceteris — ad suturas excavatis, antepenultimo et penultimo binis, ultimo an- | fractu novem carinis (interdum apud suturas duabus minoribus additis), _ MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND LIOTIID. 23 preditis, superficie omni radiatim arctissime striata, apertura circulari, intus alba, peristomate paullum incrassato, fere continuo. Alt. 1°25, diam. 3 mm. Hab.— Gulf of Oman, lat. 24°58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. The whole surface of this little species, which is typically and most frequently furnished with nine spiral carine on the body-whorl (of which the sutural and inner umbilicar keels are but weakly developed), /is minutely radiately, very closely striate, giving it a shagreened and | silky appearance. | Though not quite so abundant as C. 5-carinatum, it occurs very | frequently in the above dredging, but I have not yet noticed it from | other localities. 11. Cyctostrema ocrinium, Melvill & Standen. Cyclostrema ocrinium, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. i (1901), p. 346, pl. xxi, fig. 1. Hab.—Persian Gulf, lat. 25° 44’ N., long. 52° 30’ E.; likewise on the telegraph cable at 40 fathoms, mud and sand. | Icopy the remarks written by myself at the time of description : | “This exquisite and very delicate Cyclostrema is slightly comparable | with C. anaglyptum, A. Ad., from Japan, but is smaller, not so / conical, and destitute of spiral ribs. The longitudinal riblets are very | close and fine, say, 26 in number on the basal whorl, five-angled, | that surrounding the umbilicus at the base being the strongest and | most conspicuous. Regular rows of shining gemme on the costule at the point of the angular projections take the place of spiral lire ; | the interstices are plain, vitreous, white; mouth circular, peristome | continuous, outer lip crenulate; columellar margin not reflexed over | the umbilicus, which is deep and conspicuous.” 12. CycnostrEMA PRoMINULUM, Melvill & Standen. | Cyclostrema prominulum, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii (1903), p. 292, pl. xx, fig. 6. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. One of the rarer species, of which but two or three specimens have occurred. It is conspicuous for being unusually strongly carinate at the periphery of the body-whorl, the rest of the surface being uniformly multilirate. 13. CycLostREMA QUADRI-cARINATUM, Melvill & Standen. Cyclostrema quadri-carinatum, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. 11 (1901), p. 346, pl. xxii, fig. 2. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 49’ N., long. 55° 56’ E., 225 fathoms, sand and mud. This small shell, four-keeled only on the body-whorl, has not yet been found elsewhere. We have till lately confounded it with the next species now to be described, and to which it bears a superficial , resemblance. The remarks made (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, . 1908, p. 293) as to the frequency of C. quadri-carinatum must _ therefore be erased. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 14. CyctostrEMA QUINQUE-CARINATOM, n.sp. Pl. III, Figs. 1, 1a. C. testa parva, profunde umbilicata, depresso orbiculari, leviuscula, nitida, albo-lactea, vel, rarissime pallide apud carinas stramineo-tincta, anfractibus 5, quorum duo apicales, minuti, vitrei, ceteris spiraliter acuti- carinatis, carinis paullum excavatis, superficie interstitiali omnino leevissima, nitida, supernis una, ultimo anfractu quinque carinis predito ; quarum prima infra suturas secunda et tertia apud medium, quarta peripheriali, quinta circa umbilicum, interdum sed rarissime, sexta apud medium umbilicare (var. sex- carinatum), videnda, apertura rotunda, peristomate fere continuo, vix incrassato, simplice. Alt. 1, diam. 2.55 mm. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. Probably the commonest Gastropod in the above most prolific dredging. It is very uniform in size and sculpture, but occasionally possesses an additional keel or stray spiral lira on the umbilicar region (var. 6-carinatum). 15. Cyctosrrema sotarteLtuM, Melvill. Pl. III, Figs. 5, 5a. Cyclostrema solariellum, Melvill: Mem. Manch. Soe., vol. vii (1898), p. 63, pl. 1, fig. 20. Hab.—Persian Gulf: Fao, Bushire. Gulf of Oman, lat. 26° 23’ N., long. 54° 55’ E,, 25 fathoms, mud; with C. ecngulatum, but much more frequent. Karachi, fine and large (F. W. T.); Bombay (Aber- erombie). From the last place only worn examples, from one of which the type was described. This is a puzzling species, having the aspect of a small Zorinia. We take the opportunity of refiguring it in two positions, which will render it recognizable at a glance. Allied to C. Marchei, Jousseaume, Rey. Zool., 1872, p. 391, pl. xix, fig. 3, from the East Indies, differing in the umbilicar beading and other points. 16. Cycrostrema supremum, Melvill & Standen. Cyclostrema supremum, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol, xii (1903), p. 291, pl. xx, fig. 4 Hab.—Persian Gulf, near Fao, and likewise off Bunder Abbas, 5 fathoms, mud bottom. A very beautiful form, five-whorled, two being apical, the Ta cancellated, channelled suturally, the body-whorl being thrice-keeled, with interstices of surface spirally finely striate, about twenty-eight small ribs in all being present. On the base and around the umbilicus the shell is nearly smooth. Subgenus I: VITRINELLA, C. B, Adams." 17. CycLosrreMA CHARMOPHRON,’ n.sp. Pl. III, Figs. 2, 2a. C. testa minutissima, late et profunde umbilicata, tenui, depresso- discoidali, albo hyalina, parum nitida, anfractibus 4, nequaquam angulatis, quorum 2 apicales, vitrei, leves, penultimo et ultimo apud ! Monog. Vitrivella, 1850, pp. 1-10 (gen. propr.) ; Cat. Shells Panama, 1852, p. 184. | 2 yapuopper, ‘ heart-delighting.’ MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDZ AND LIOTIID®. 25 | suturas depressis, deinde ventricosulis, undique sub lente pulcherrime et arctissime cancellatis, cancillis perminutis, apertura rotunda, pa stomate tenui. Alt. ‘75, diam. 1:5 mm. ' | Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. A most recherché little species, four-whorled, the two last being / somewhat roundly depressed suturally ; the whorl surface, smooth to | the naked eye, is really most delicately shagreened with microscopic cancellations. It is of decidedly rare occurrence. | 18. Cycnosrrema pLacens (Melvill & Standen). Pl. III, Figs. 6, 6a. | Adeorbis placens, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. 11 (1901), Dio, pl xx, tig. 15. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 55’ N., long. 57° 35’ E., 205 fathoms ; | also lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. | A minute, depressed, umbilicate glassy species, apparently quite | smooth, but in the most frequent form, which we therefore take as typical, close microscopical concentric spiral lines occur on the upper _ portion of the whorls. Var. compianata, Melvill & Standen (loc. cit., p. 373). Hab.—Reshire, Persian Gulf. Surface entirely smooth. This occurred but rarely, and may | possibly constitute a distinct species. ‘Till fresh material is found, _ however, it is the prudent course to place it here. Subgenus IL: LYDIPHNIS,! nov. | Testa profunde umbilicata, discoidalis, alba, tenuis, anfractus 4, | quorum apicalis parvus, vitreus, ceeteri undique concentrice tenuilirati, | ultimus rectus, tribus carinis acutissimis preeditus, quorum superior carina extra labrum projecta porrectionem trialatam prebet. Type: Cyclostrema euchilopteron, M. & S. | 19. Cyctosrrema EvcHILopreRoN, M. & St. Pl. III, Figs. 7, 7a. | Cyclostrema euchilopteron, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, (1903), p. 292, pl. xx, fig. 7. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. The squarely-built body-whorl, with three strong keels, most | prominently ridged, acutely projecting, and terminating in a tri- angularly winged extension of the upper part of the outer lp, | presents, I think, characters that merit subgeneric distinction. In all probability C. Verreauaii, Fischer,? from California, would come _ under the same category, subgenerically. Subgenus IIT: DELPHINOIDEA, Brown.’ 20. Cyctosrrema EuMARES, Melvill. Pl. III, Figs. 4, 4a. Cyclostrema eumares, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904), p. 158, plo xs ties: i las + Gr. Aun, dipdw. * Journ. de Conch., vol. vi (1857), p. 285, pl. x, fig. 18 (as Adeorbis). 3 Delphinoidea, Brown, 1827: Illustr. Conch. Gt. Brit., pl. li. Tubwola, A. Ad.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 71, in parte. | | 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. | A smooth, umbilicate, globular species, the umbilicar region being | excavate, thrice spirally lirate, decussate and crenulate at the points | of junction of the longitudinal lire ; beyond these spiral lirations the | base is scratched with what may be lines of growth. Allied to C. Watsoni, Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. x, p. 94, pl. xxxii, figs. 81, 82), which was described by Boog Watson as suleatum (Exp. Challenger, vol. xv, pl. vill, fig. 11), but this name had been already appropriated by A. Adams. 21. Cyctosrrema EuporeruM, Melvill. Cyclostrema enpoietum, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904), piloo spl x, wies2 Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. A depressedly globular, very small species, closely spirally lirately sulcate, umbilicus partly covered by the lingular peristomatal process. | Probably a member of this section, but, the operculum and soft parts being still unknown, also conchologically akin to Leptothyra, in the | family Turbinide. Subgenus IV: DARONIA, A. Adams. 22. CyYCLOSTREMA suBDIsJuUNCTUM, H. Adams. Cyclostrema subdisjunctum, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 293, pl. xxviii, fig. 8. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat; 15 fathoms, muddy | sand and loose stones. Always local, the range of distribution is | a wide one, embracing Ceylon, to the Andaman Isles, at which last | place I have received it from the late Mr. George H. Booley, of | Port Blair. The large size, 10 to 12 millimetres in diameter, obliquely rude | contour, wide umbilicus, some spiral ribs, and, above all, the evolute body- -whorl, amply distinguish this very curious species. Genus MICROTHYCA, A. Adams.” MicrorHyca CRENELLIFERA (A. Adams). Isander crenelliferus, A. Adams: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix | (1862), p. 296. | Cyclostrema (Microtheca) crenellifera, A. Adams: Sowerby’s Thes. Conch., vol. ii, p. 254, pl. 255, figs. 41, 42 (as Microthyca). Hab.—Bombay (A. Abercrombie). | Originally described as from Japan, this very interesting form is | only known as Indian by one specimen found in shell-sand collected | near Bombay. We have but little doubt it is specifically the same, | being a shining white little shell, flattened and slightly angular above, | with wide spire, and crenulated round the umbilicar region. 1 Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conch., vol. ii (1864), p. 252. 2 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xi (1863), p. 264. MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND LIOTIID®, Dit It will be observed that this genus was designated by its author | Microthyca on the plate and Mfecrotheca in the text, as usually written, jout if derived from jcxpos, 07«y, no doubt the latter is the more correct |vendering. Genus LEUCORHYNCHIA, Crosse.' Levcoruyncuia Crosser, Tryon. \Leucorhynchia Crossei, Tryon: Man. Conch., vol. x (1888), p. 106, pl. xxxv, figs. 86a, 860. Hab.— Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56°54’ E., 156 fathoms. | I cannot separate these specimens from the Singapore species as lcollected by Mr. Archer, and described by the late G. W. Tryon in 11888. The only difference, indeed, between ZL. Crossed and the typical L. caledonica, Crosse, is the absence of a peripheral angle around the ‘body-whorl of the former. The examples, not at all infrequent in ishell-sand from the above locality, are all unitormly white, shining, without any striation or marking whatsoever, perfectly smooth, sub- globose, whorls 38—4, with continuous peristome, thickened basally and produced into a lingual callosity that very nearly closes over the “umbilicus. Genus MORCHIA, A. Adams.? Morcara Moretetti, Fischer. |Morchia Moreleti, Fisch.: Journ. de Conch., 1877, p. 202, pl. x, fig. 1. _ Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24°58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. One of the smallest and most wonderful of shells. It is well figured _by Fischer, and reproduced equally satisfactorily by Tryon (Man. ;Conch., vol. x, pl. xxxv, figs. 80-82). Only measuring two milli- “metres in diameter, it presents a quaint appearance, the shell being depressed, carinated, the keels furnished with a fimbriately crenate ‘edge ; below, the form is like a small Ammonite, the whole coil being ‘plainly seen in the unusually wide umbilicar region ; the aperture is almost reversed, as in Anostoma. This very probably may be a distinct | Species ; it is less in diameter by one-third than Fischer’s type; but it is perhaps best at present not to differentiate it further. Family LIOTIIDZ. Genus LIOTIA, Gray.° Only three species of this family and genus have yet been detected in the Persian Gulf region, and all occur very rarely and locally. 1. Lioria crparis (Reeve). Beiphinula cidaris, Reeve: Conch. Icon., vol. i, pl. v, fig. 27; Proc. | Zool. Soe., 1843, p. 143. . _Hab.—Angrias Bank, off coast of Bombay. Collected by Captain W. A. Tindall, of s.s. ‘‘ Patrick Stewart.” . iq 1 Journ. de Conch., 1867, p. 319. 2 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. v (1860), p. 301. (Type, M. obvoluta, A. Adams.) 3 Synopsis Brit. Mus., 1840; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 145. 28 PROCKEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 2. Liorra EcHinAcanTHA, Melvill & Standen. Liotia echinacantha, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol, xu (1903), p. 293, pl. xx, fie. 9. Hab.—Persian Gulf; Gulf of Oman, near Maskat, 10-15 fathoms. This very beautiful shell, which occurred in some numbers at the above locality, is noticeable for its fluted spines, the nearest ally perhaps being Z. Briareus, Dall, which I know only by the figure and description,! but that seems a species of even more ornate character and sculpture. Both these species, echinacantha and Briareus, may belong to the subgenus Avene, but the present new form, at all events, possesses no scarlet radiating coloration on the whorls. 8. Liotta romALEA, Melvill & Standen. Liotia romalea, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii (1903), "p.298, plixx, ties. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Sheikh Shuaib Island, 10 fathoms; Maskat, 10-15 fathoms; also Gulf of Oman, lat. 23° 30’ N., long. 57° 10’ E., 10 fathoms, and lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms, in shell-sand. A typical Ziotia, with obscurely five-angled and thickened peristome, and cancellated whorls, the last whorl thrice spirally keeled. It remains only to say that Adeorbis, of which genus but two exponents have yet been noted from these seas, is now by universal consent removed from the proximity of the Cyclostrematide to a place | amongst the Teenioglossa, near the Skeneide and Litiopidee. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. Fics. 1, la. Cyelostrema 5-carinatum, n.sp. 33 2 ae 5 charmophron, .sp. pO OGs Ap 9-carinatum, N.sp. i ay eae i eumares, Melv. 55) Does 5 solariellum, Melv. yy Gh oe Ap plucens, M. & St. son wndsul@s Be euchilopteron, M. & St. EEILOS OMS AF Prestoni, n.sp. 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xviii (1889), p. 388, pl. xxiv, figs. 4, 5a, | : ] AH.Searle delet lith. A.S.Huth imp. CrerLoOsTREMA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, Ete. 29 DESCRIPTIONS OF CYCLOSTREMA PRESTONI AND NASSA TINDALLI, n.spp., FROM CEYLON. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. Read 8th December, 1905. | Cyctosrrema (Detpainomea) Presront, n.sp. Pl. IIT, Figs. 8, 8a. C. testa depressa, tenui, cornea, late umbilicata, albo-pellucente, levi, anfractibus 4, apicali parvo, vitreo, ceteris apud suturas impressis, ultimo anfractu conspicue semi-evolvente, apertura rotunda, labro tenuissimo, continuo. Alt. 1°25, diam. 3 mm. Hab.—Ceylon (H. Nevill). __A most interesting form. In the evolution of the body-whorl to some extent comparable with C. (Daronia) subdisjunctum, AS AGS, found in the same seas. The texture, however, is more that of the typical species of the section Delphinoidea, Brown, = Tubiola, Adams, in parte. I do not think, indeed, it can be subgenerically separated from such species as the British serpuloideum, Mont., excavatum, Watson, from Culebra Island, West Indies (Challenger Exped.), etc. [am indebted to Mr. Hugh B. Preston for having supplied me with several examples of this species, and for aiding me in its elucidation, and have pleasure in connecting his name with it. Nassa (Hima) Tinpat1i, n.sp. | _N. testa ovato-fusiformi, solidula, ochraceo-cinerea, zonis rufo- -brunneis indistincte spiraliter cincta, anfractibus 8-9, quorum tres _apicales vitrei, cinereo-brunnei, levissimi, tertio spiraliter unicarinato, ceteris apud suturas gradatulis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis nitidis, gemmulatis, ad ultimum numero 16, omni superficie spiraliter lrato- suleatis, sulculis arctis, apertura ovata, intus pallide brunnea, vel, | rarius violascente, labro albo, nitido, extus et intus denticulato, iy) 0) PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. columella alba, paullum incrassata, dente suturali albo, nitido, | conspicuo. Long. 13, lat. 6°5 mm. Hab.—Batticaloa, Ceylon (Captain W. A. Tindall). The only near ally of this species known to me is WV. Frederici, Melvill, from Karachi and the Mekran Coast, originally described as N. Townsendi,’ a name subsequently found to have been already used by Dall for a Mexican species. In NV. Federici the longitudinal cost are far more frequent (say 26 on the body-whorl), and likewise | thinner in texture. In both species the sutural tooth is conspicuous. §}: The whorls are pale ochreous or ashy-brown, spirally zoned once on | the upper ones only, just below the sutures, the body-whorl being §- additionally centrally banded. The spiral sulci are deeply and clearly | cut, the coste being gemmulate between the points of crossing. Several examples were collected by Captain Tindall of the s.s. | ‘* Patrick Stewart.” 1 Mem. Manch. Soc., vol. xli (1897), pt. 3, No. vii, p. 1, pl. vi, fig. 1. a. if ON SOME ‘FEEDING-TRACKS’ OF GASTROPODS. By B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. r Read 8th December, 1904. “Some time since, Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott, of St. Leonards-on-Sea, ‘sent me a spoilt bromide print of a photograph on which a Gastropod, -evidently a slug, had not only crawled, leaving the usual shining trail -as it passed, but had fed on the gelatinous surface by the way. - On the black, over-exposed portions of the print, where the animal chad browsed, it had eaten right through the surface to the white paper ‘below, thus causing the pattern of the ‘feeding-track’ to stand out very distinctly (Fig. 1). Bree le _ This pattern, formed as the animal moved its head from side to side, in an arc, whilst feeding, looks like some picture of a branching | Madrepore, each apparent calyx being the result of a single lick. These licks are roughly, but not regularly disposed in curved rows across the line of advance. In shape each lick, of which there were about 12 to 18 in each row, rudely resembles an inverted V. When highly magnified, a yet more interesting feature becomes apparent, for each lick is resolved into a number of some 16 or 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. more parallel strie: the marks left by the individual teeth on the — radula (Fig. 2). I am not aware of any precisely similar case to this having been | recorded. Limpet ‘licks’ and the marks left by Zemnea when | feeding on the alge on the side of a glass aquarium, are tolerably familiar, but very few observations on the trails of land mollusea have | been put on record. IMs VE In 1846 Ebenezer Emmons, in the ‘“ Agriculture of New York,” vol. i, described (p. 68) and figured (pl. xiv, fig. 1), under the name of | Nemapodia tenuissima, what he at first mistook for a fossil in the fine | green slate of Salem. Subsequently, however, in the explanation to _ the plates, he admitted that it was the trail of some living animal, | probably of a Gastropod. | Professor E, B. Poulton, in 1885 (Mature, vol. xxxiii, p. 176), | recorded that snails, probably /elix aspersa, had fed off the whitening | on his greenhouse glass; but he gave no description or figure of the | trails. In 1893 Mr. Woodworth (Sezence, vol. xxi, p. 157) described the | feeding-line of some snails of unascertained species on lichen-covered | Carboniferous rocks at Attleboro, Mass. ‘‘ These bands or trails,” which he said closely resembled that figured by Emmons, ‘were | made up of a series of ereseentic cross-markings, united alternately, | right and left, with the next adjacent in the series, so as to form | a continuous, closely pressed, sigmoid line, which in itself constituted the whole of the trail.” Five years later Herr E. Rathay, in the Zertschrift fir Pflansenkrankheiten, Bd. viii (1898), pp. 129-188, described the tracks left by Helix hortensis when feeding on the Plewrococcus vulgaris growing on the bark of trees, and the figure of the trails given by him, here reproduced (Fig. 8), agrees very closely with Emmons’ illustration, and, like it, leaves very much to be desired in the matter of detail.! 1M. Dollfus gave an abstract of this paper, with a poor reproduction of the figure, in the Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, tom. xxviii, pp. 211-212. WOODWARD: FEEDING-TRACKS OF GASTROPODS, 33 - The key to these trails, however, is to be found in the figure of the feeding-track of Helix aspersa given in Taylor’s ‘‘ Monograph of the ! Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles,” vol. i (1899), EiGeros | p. 260, in which the individual licks are distinct and evidently quite similar to those left by the slug on the photograph. This figure, ' kindly lent me by Mr. ‘Taylor, is here reproduced (Fig. 4). ws e ee, gee ¢ Fia. 4. No further observations on this subject appear to have been made, though it is undoubtedly one of great interest. VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 3 DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MARINE SHELLS, PROBABLY FROM CEYLON. By H. B. Presron, F.Z.S. Read 8th December, 1905. Tux four species about to be described formed part of the collection of the late Mr. Hugh Nevill, and I am strongly of opinion that they were collected in Ceylon, where he resided for many years. BULLIA CINEREA, 0.sp. Shell ovately fusiform; remaining whorls 8, the first two and a half transversely ribbed, the lower whorls smooth, with the exception of the body-whorl, which is spirally grooved at the base; dull ashen grey, with traces of a pale violet band at the periphery ; suture impressed; peristome varicosely thickened and somewhat dilated at the base; columella descending in a curve; aperture ovate, reddish brown within. Alt. 29, diam. maj. 15°75mm.; aperture, alt. 13, diam. maj. 6 mm. Hab.—Ceylon (?). Nassa NEvILLIANA, n.sp. Shell ovately fusiform, pale yellowish brown, an indistinct band of darker brown appearing at the suture; remaining whorls 7, trans- | versely ribbed and spirally grooved throughout, giving the shell | a beaded appearance, the beading being more noticeable just below | PRESTON: ON NEW MARINE SHELLS, 39 the suture, owing to the spiral grooves being deeper in this region ; suture rather deeply impressed ; peristome thin and somewhat dilated below; columella straight, a callosity joing it with the lip above; aperture ovate, a row of small denticles appearing inside about 1 milli- metre from the edge of the peristome; canal short. Alt. 16°25, diam. maj. 8°75 mm. ; aperture, alt. 7, diam. maj. 3mm. Hab.—Ceylon (?). This species appears to be allied to WV. eranea, Melvill & Standen, from the Persian Gulf,' but is a rather larger and coarser shell than that species; moreover, V. eranea is much smoother, and does not present the beaded appearance so noticeable in the present species. MARGINELLA SUBFLAVA, D.Sp. Shell pyriform, solid, cream-coloured ; spire obtuse, almost immersed ; whorls 3; columella bearing 6 or 7 fine plaits; outer lip somewhat thickened, finely denticulate within. Alt. 6, diam. maj. 4 mm.; aperture, alt. 5°50, diam. maj. ‘75 mm. Hab.—Ceylon (?). The specimens examined vary somewhat in size. Allied to If dens, Reeve, but differs from that species in the finer plaits on the columella, in the much finer denticulations of the outer lip, and in the colouring of the shell, Jf. dens being pure white. MARrGINELLA EBURNEA, 0.Sp. Shell narrowly conical, solid, shining, pure white; whorls 4-5; suture rather deeply impressed; columella five-plaited; outer lip flexuous and denticulate within. Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2°25 mm.; aperture, alt. 3, diam. maj. *50 mm. Hab.—Ceylon (?). 1 Proce. Zool. Soc., vol. ii (1901), p. 410, pl. xxiii, fig. 11. 36 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ZIMNZA FROM NORTH-WEST AUSTRALIA. By H. B. Preston. Read 8th December, 1905. Liwna (BULINUS) EGREGIA, N.sp. Shell sinistral, oblong ovate, somewhat solid, semi-transparent white ; whorls 5, rapidly increasing, finely striated with lines of growth, the | Jast whorl rather inflated; suture impressed; umbilicus broad and | deep ; outer lip simple; columella expanded below over the umbilical region and extending into a thick callosity, reaching to the junction | of the peristome with the whorl above. Alt. 11°75, diam. maj. 6°5 mm.; | aperture, alt. 6, diam. maj. 3mm. Hab.—North-Western Australia. I was at first inclined to describe the above species as a Physa, but | Mr. B. B. Woodward having with his usual kindness worked out the © radula, and having carefully compared it with that of Physa and | Limnea, | have now not the slightest doubt that it should be placed © in the former genus. This conclusion, I may say, is also in accordance | with the views expressed on the Australian so-called Physoid forms | in a paper by Mr. A. H. Cooke.! 1 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, pp. 1386-143. ele) wl ON NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONARIA, TEREBRA, AND MANGILIA, AND A REMARKABLE FORM OF CYPRAA CRUENTA, FROM SOUTH AFRICA. By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S. Fead 12th January, 1906. Amone a quantity of small shells recently submitted to me for identification from the Kowie and Pondoland by Dr. H. Becker, of Grahamstown, the following are worthy of attention :— SIPHONARIA €YANEOMACULATA, N.Sp. Testa ovato-oblonga, subdepressa, fusca, albo radiata, maculis parvis numerosis cyaneis picta, ubique confertissime radiatim striata, con- centrice rugata; latus dextrum latiusculum, radiatim quadricostatum, costis albidis; sinistrum angustius, contractum, costis majis numerosis ; vertex sinistrorsum inclinatus ; pagina interna centralis albida, versus marginem nigro-fusca, albo radiata, ad marginem dentata. Long. 15, lat. 10, alt. 4mm. Haub.—The Kowie. The principal character distinguishing this interesting species consists in the numerous bright blue spots upon its surface. The form of the shell is not an uncommon one in the genus. In describing it as having four ribs on the right-hand side, I must remark that there are signs of intermediate ones, which in other specimens may be more fully developed. TEREBRA FILMERa, D.Sp. Testa elongata, pallidissime fulva; spira vix convexiuscula; an- fractus 114, apicales leves, tertius planatus, longitudinaliter leviter plicatus, deinde caeteri supra medium obtuse angulati, plicis confertis 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. leevigatis, ad angulum leviter nodulosis instructi; anfractus ultimus 4+ longitudinis teste vix eequans, plicis evanidis; apertura parviuscula ; columella arcuata, ad basin leviter contorta. Long. 22, maj. diam. 42mm. Hab.—Pondoland. This species is chiefly distinguished by the angle or obtuse keel above the middle of the whorls, and the numerous plice or riblets, which are rather oblique above the angle and nearly straight below, while upon the angle they form small rounded nodules. I have only seen one specimen, which was collected by Mrs. Filmer, after whom I have pleasure in naming it. Manertta Becker, n.sp. Testa subfusiformis, utrinque acuminata, straminea, postice ad suturam fusco fasciata; spira acute turrita, apice subpapillari; an- fractus 7, apicales rotundati, translucentes, sequentes rotunde convexi, spiraliter suleati, longitudinaliter plicati, deinde obtuse angulati, oblique plicati, spiraliter confertissime striati; anfractus ultimus spiram paulo superans, supra obtuse angulatus, infra angulum con- | vexiusculus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura levigata, ‘mediocriter lata; labrum acutum, sinu postico latiusculo, profundo. Long. 10, maj. diam. 35 mm. SOWERBY: ON SOUTH AFRICAN SHELLS, 39 Hab.—The Kowie. This shell is of a form pretty prevalent in the genus, and somewhat similar to IM. Jucksonensis, Angas, but the sinus is much more pronounced than is usual in the Mangilie, and is more like that of a Drillia. The shell is of a plain straw colour, excepting towards the apex, where the sutures are banded with dark brown. Cyprma CRUENTA, Var. TORTIROSTRIS, Var. NOV. This curious little shell has the look of a monstrosity, but it seems to represent a local race, like some of the New Caledonian forms of different species. It is very much smaller than the ordinary C. cruenta, of an oblong-ovate form, and the right-hand anterior extremity is produced into a tortuous beak. The columellar teeth _ are comparatively few, only 12 or 13, and the labial teeth are absent or undeveloped. The colour of the shell is light pink, with _ spots of purplish pink at the margins, and the usual freckling of light | brown on the back. Long. 12, lat. 7, alt. 5 mm. Hab.—The Kowie. The three specimens sent to me by Dr. Becker are very much alike, but the one of which the dimensions are here given is the largest. 40 CRITICAL REMARKS ON CERTAIN FORMS OF CHLIORITIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES. By G. K. Gunz, F.Z.8. Read 12th January, 1906. PLATES IV anv V. Srverat species of Chlor/tis, having been insufficiently defined, and not properly compared with their allies, are at present little understood ; and, as a consequence, some confusion exists in collections containing them. One or two, considered identical with previously descmbed species, have proved to be distinct; while others, thought to be distinct, have been found, on closer examination, to be indistinguishable. In applying myself to these matters, I have been enabled, owing to the kindness of Miss Linter, Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, Mr. E. A. Smith, and Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, to study an extensive series of shells of this genus; and the collections thus examined, together with the material in my own collection, have been found to contain no less than twelve new species. Finally, the kind co-operation of Mr. Smith has enabled me to illustrate one of Pfeiffer’s hitherto unfigured species. CHLorITIS UNGULINA, L. This, the earliest known species and the type of the genus, varies considerably in colour, in the excavation of the spire, and in size. In a series, placed at my disposal by Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, the colour ranges from dark chestnut and sienna brown to pale ochreous. Typically, the spire is deeply immersed, each succeeding whorl projecting above its predecessor, except the last quarter of the last | whorl, which is suddenly detlected in front and descends as far as the — periphery. In some specimens, however, the whorls ascend much more slowly, and consequently the spire is much less immersed, the third quarter of the last whorl being below the level of the penultimate whorl, and the upper half of the last whorl, near the aperture, less | sloping from the suture to the periphery, giving the shell a distinct | aspect from above; two specimens, which possess the features indicated, ~ measure only 30 and 32mm, in diameter respectively, and thus they form a connecting link with Var. minor, Martens (not Fér.), which is represented by two specimens from Amboina, measuring 27'5mm., one dark ochreous, the other blackish brown; the umbilicus is here much less excavated, and the angulation becomes obsolete. Two other specimens measure only 25 mm. Another specimen, which was submitted by Mr. Fulton in 1898 to the late Professor von Martens, was accompanied by the following remarks from the latter’s own hand: ‘‘ungulina, v. minor, of Férussac, Beck, Pfeiffer, and myself, but I should have no objection to-day Proc. Mauac. Soc. A.H.Searle, del.et lith. SPECIES OR GHizOrRaliahlSe GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 41 to give it anew name.” As the shell is quite distinct from wngulina, being much wider in proportion to the axis, having a much less _ immersed spire, and wider, but not excavated umbilicus, I propose to _ separate it from that species, and, in according it specific rank, I have _ pleasure in associating it with the much regretted Professor Eduard von Martens, in appreciation of his many valuable contributions to —malacology. Cutoritis Epvuarpi, nsp. Pl. IV, Figs. 1-18. Chioritis ungulina, var. minor, Férussac: Histoire, pl. lxxvii, fig. 2 (not of Martens). Shell umbilicate, discoid, light ochreous brown, paler beneath, - finely and distinctly striated, a little shining; spire slightly immersed ; suture rather deep. Whorls 5, rounded, increasing slowly at first, the last widening suddenly, slightly descending, and suddenly, but very shortly, deflected in front. Aperture crescentic, oblique; peristome slightly thickened and shortly reflected; margins approximate, united by a thin flexuous callus; upper margin slightly ascending at first, then arcuately descending, basal margin regularly curved, forming a slight angle with the columellar margin, which scarcely overhangs the moderate umbilicus. Diam. maj. 26°5, min. 22 mm. ; alt. 15 mm. Hab.—Moluccas. C. Eduard: differs from C. ungulina, var. minor, in being smaller and less high in proportion to its diameter, by the less immersed spire ; moreover, the last whorl is scarcely deflected in front, more rounded, not angulated below, and the umbilicus is a little wider, and not excavated. It agrees fairly with the figures in Férussac’s work, pl. xxvii, fig. 2, but that measures only 25 mm., whereas von Martens gives for var. minor 30 mm. (Ost-Asien, ii, p. 280). No habitat appears to have been recorded, but the shell may be assumed to occur in the Moluccas, CHLORITIS UNGUICULINA, Martens, var. FUSCA, N.var,. The shells in the British Museum referred to by the writer in Journ. Malac., vol. x, p. 48, and figured on pl. i, fig. 4, appear to differ from the type in being much darker and smaller, and seem worthy of varietal rank. A specimen from Buru, in my collection, agrees with the Museum specimens. Cutortris Maxrensi, Pfr. Pl. IV, Figs. 2-26. Helix Martensi, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 193. This hitherto unfigured species is now figured from the type in the British Museum by kind permission of Mr. Smith. A specimen sent to me by Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, measuring diam. maj. 19, min. 16, alt. 9mm., agrees with the type. A shell in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection is more solid, and measures diam. maj. 20, min. 16°5, alt. 10°5mm. Pilsbry (Man. Conch., vol. vi, p. 245) gives the diam. min. as 14 mm., this being evidently a printer’s error, and should be 16mm. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Cutoritis Motitseta, Pfr. Helix molliseta, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 271. Pilsbry unites this species with C. circwmdata, Fér. (Man. Conch., | vol. vi, p. 246). The two, however, appear to me to be distinct, for, | apart from its larger size, C. molliseta has a narrower umbilicus, and | the aperture is relatively higher, the spire more deeply immersed, and | the hairs much more crowded. Cuxoritis Ponsonsyr, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 7-76. Shell discoid, thin, yellowish fulvous, with a few transverse, oblique | paler streaks, and a slight trace of a paler band above, near the suture, | paler below, finely striated, the penultimate whorl with a spiral row of superficial but very distinct interrupted sulci nearest the inner | suture, and a few stray ones nearest the outer suture; the former | continue indistinctly up the first half of the last whorl. Spire plane, | suture impressed. Whorls 5, rounded, the earlier ones increasing | regularly and slowly, the last rather suddenly, and slightly dilated — towards the mouth, descending slightly and shortly in front. Aperture | subovate, oblique; peristome whitish, thin, slightly reflected; margins | approaching, regularly curved, columellar margin slightly overhanging the moderate umbilicus, receding a little at first, then ascending | forward. Diam. maj. 22, min. 19mm.; alt. 10°5 mm. Hab.—Moluccas. Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. The present species is allied to C. wnguicula, Fér., but is smaller, | thinner, and proportionately less high; the whorls are more rounded, | the last descends less in front ; the aperture is wider and the peristome | thinner, and less reflexed. The exact habitat is not known, but, as in | the case of C. Hduardi, there can be little doubt that it belongs to the | Moluccas. CHLoRITIS FLEXUOSA, Pfr. Helix flecuosa, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 112. Helix Ceramensis, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 192. While examining the type of C. flexuosa, Pfr., in the British Museum, Mr. Smith called my attention to the resemblance of this shell to ) C. Ceramensis, and, on closer inspection, it was found that both un- | doubtedly belong to one species, the former being somewhat abnormal | through having received some injury to the peristome while alive. The name flexuosa (1855) antedating that of Ceramensis (1861), the species must be known by the former name, the latter becoming a synonym. CaLoritis Macrostoma, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 7-76. Shell narrowly umbilicated, discoid, somewhat thin, irregularly | striated, dark chestnut colour, the penultimate whorl somewhat paler, | shining, and showing traces of very fine spiral sculpture under a | velvety deciduous cuticle. Spire subplane, suture shallow. Whorls 5, | increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, subcompressed above | and below, slightly flattened and obtusely angulated near the suture, yy i } 4 1 GUDE: ON CHZLORITIS. 43 rounded at the periphery; last whorl slightly descending, then - suddenly and shortly deflected in front, and a little dilated at the mouth. Aperture rotundate-crescentic, oblique, light purplish livid within, margins approaching, united by a thickish light-purple flexuous callus, which bears, near the upper margin, a crescentic swelling; peristome pale purplish, becoming whitish at the columella ; thickened, expanded, and reflected; upper margin shortly ascending at first, then rounded, basal sloping upward, columellar dilated above, ascending forward, and slightly overhanging the narrow pervious umbilicus. Diam. maj. 45, min. 37°5mm.; alt. 24mm.; apertura, lat. 26 mm. Hab.—Bangaya, off East Celebes. Type in the British Museum. This new species can only be compared with C. Gruneri, Pfr., but that species, although considerably smaller, possesses half a whorl more, has a more elevated spire, a much more strongly developed peristome, bears a conspicuous tooth on the callus, and its aperture is more contracted laterally. I am indebted to Mr. Smith for allowing me to describe and figure . this handsome species. Mr. Da Costa possesses a specimen similar to | the type from the same locality. CHLORITIS HETEROMPHALUS, Pilsbry. Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry : Man. Conch., vol. vi, pl. li, figs. 60-62 (no description). Two specimens, labelled Chloritis sp., sent to me by Messrs. ' Sowerby & Fulton, appeared to agree with the above quoted figures of C. heteromphalus, a species as yet undescribed, and not included by Pilsbry in his ‘‘ Guide to the Study of Helices.” I therefore submitted _ one shell to Professor Pilsbry, who states that C. heteromphalus agrees | well with my shell in most respects, and he has no doubt that they are specifically identical; he adds that the description of his shell was omitted accidentally. As Professor Pilsbry has undertaken | to supply a description of the type for these pages, I merely allude to the species en passant. The two specimens referred to measure: diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 14 mm., and diam. maj. 30, min. 24:6, alt. 13°5 mm. respectively. CHLORITIS EUsToma, Pfr. Helix eustoma, Pir.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 383. Considerable confusion appears to exist with regard to C. eustoma and C. ertnaceus. Mr. Smith has expressed the opinion that the two names represent one species (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885, p. 594), while Dr. Dohrn (Conch. Cab., Helix, vol. iv, 1879, p. 572, and 1881, p. 602) considered them distinct. Professor Pilsbry (Man. Conch., vol. vi, 1891, pp. 251, 253) concurs. Dohrn considered C. erinaceus closely allied to, if not identical with, C. discordvalis, Fér., which view is adopted by Pilsbry; the latter species, however, is quite different, having relatively a much larger diameter and a wider aperture, and the hair- scars are much more crowded. A careful comparison of the types of 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. C. eustoma and C. erinareus has convinced me that Mr. Smith’s view | is the correct one. The statement that in C. erinaceus the umbilicus — is not broadly funnel-shaped as in C. eustoma (Pilsbry, loc. cit.) is not borne out by Pfeitfer’s original diagnosis. The shell figured in — Novitat. Conch., vol. ii, pl. xlvii, figs. 3, 4, and badly copied in Man. | Conch., vol. vi, pl. lii, figs. 88, 89, cannot be the same as the type of | C. erinaceus, which, it is true, is a little larger and has the spire | a trifle more raised than C. eustoma, but a long series from various sources, kindly furnished by Mr. Ponsonby, shows the two extremes linked by intermediate forms. C. erinaceus, therefore, can only be accorded varietal rank. The habitat ‘‘ Marshall Islands” given by Pfeiffer has been called _ in question by Dohrn and Smith, with some show of reason, and as — the species does not appear to have been found there by subsequent collectors, it may be advisable to delete this habitat. ; In colour the species ranges from dull or dark ochreous yellow, | with white or fuscous peristome, to pale or dark russet, with violaceous _ or fuscous peristome. Var. ERINACEUS, Pfr. Differs from the type by its larger diameter (25°5 mm.) and the slightly more raised spire. Cutoritis Mortienporrri, Ancey. Pl. IV, Figs. 4—4e. Chioritis Moellendorfi, Ancey: Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, 1897, p. 773, pl. xxxvi, fig. 7. Four specimens received from Mr. W. Schliiter and labelled | “ ©, erinaceus, Tuom Island’ appeared to me to agree with Ancey’s description of C. Moellendorfi, though not with the figure, which | appears imperfectly drawn, and on my sending a specimen to | M. Ancey he at once pronounced the shell to be his species. To supplement Mr. Ancey’s illustration, I add three views of the shell | and one of part of the periostracum enlarged. The shell figured measures: diam. maj. 20°56, min. 18mm.; alt. 14mm. Another | specimen measures 18 X 15 X 13 mm., while a more depressed specimen | from Rubiana, New Georgia, in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, measures | 18°5 mm. in diameter, alt. 12 mm. CHLoRITIS SUBTILIS, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 3-3¢. Shell umbilicated, thin, fragile, subtranslucent, pale fuscous, the | latter part of the last whorl dark rufous, finely striated, and covered | with rather crowded, short, stiff, blackish bristles, arranged in quincunx. } Spire plane, apex slightly immersed, suture rather deep. Whorls 43, rounded, increasing rather suddenly, the last descending slowly at | first, then suddenly and shortly deflected in front, slightly constricted | behind the mouth, and compressed round the umbilicus. Aperture | roundly lunate, oblique, purplish inside. Peristome thin, shortly | expanded and reflected, violaceous purple; margins approaching, upper | margin ascending shortly at first, then descending, arcuate, outer and | basal arcuate, columella almost straight, dilated above, and slightly | GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 45 overhanging the moderate, deep umbilicus. Diam. maj. 22, min. 18mm. ; alt. 14mm. Hab.—German New Guinea. Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. ___ A thin fragile species somewhat resembling C. ewstoma in contour, but the umbilicus is much narrower and not funnel- shaped, the last whorl descends more deeply in front, the suture is less deep, and the last whorl is slightly constricted behind the mouth. It also appears to be allied to C. Simbangensis, Kobelt (Nachrichtsblatt Deutsch. Malac. Ges., 1898, p. 93), to which I was at first inclined to refer it. _ I forwarded a specimen to Professor Boettger for comparison with the ' type of that species, if he had access to it, ‘and he obligingly informed me that the type was contained in the collection of the late Bruno - Strubell, part of which passed to Herr Biilow, who, however, cannot find-it. From the description, C. Simbangensis appears yellowish | white, the whorls plane near the suture, subangulated at the periphery, and descending deeply in front, which characters are wanting in the new species. CHLORITIS TENEBRICA, Fulton. Chioritis tenebrica, Fulton: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix (1902), p. 316. The last portion of the penultimate and the whole of the last whorl are obtusely angulated, and flattened near the suture; the last whorl is also obtusely angulated below round the funnel-shaped umbilicus ; these features, not mentioned in the original diagnosis, connect the : species with C. eustoma. From Mr. Ponsonby I have received two specimens labelled ‘“ C. discordialis, New Ireland; ex Mus. Sydney,” i which I refer to Mr. Fulton’s species; they are pale brown with _a pale fuscous peristome, and one of them is slightly more depressed in the spire. Three specimens received from Mr. Fulton, ‘‘ ex Dr. Cox’s collection,” and considered by him to pertain to C. erinaceus, I also refer to C. tenebrica. One is pale fuscous with a dirty whitish lip ; it possesses 5 whorls, and measures 27 mm. in diameter, alt. 21 mm. The two others are darker with violaceous peristome ; the angulation near the suture is less pronounced; they measure 22 mm. in diam., 15 alt., and 22 mm. diam., 16°65 alt. respectively. For these I propose the varietal name pallida. Two bleached specimens, labelled ‘‘ C. tenebrica, var., New Ireland,” also from Mr. Fulton, have the umbilicus narrower and the angulation obsolete, while the last and penultimate whorls are rounded above, not angulated. This form may be called var. twmzda. Cuoritis FAausta, n.sp. Pl. LV, Figs. 5—5e. Shell widely umbilicated, depressed conoid, shining under a deciduous velvety cuticle, earlier whorls pale fuscous, becoming reddish brown on the last whorl, faintly striated, covered with slight | tubercles arranged in quincunx, which, in fresh specimens, are furnished with short dark bristles. Spire plane, suture deep. Whorls 43, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, tumid and subangulated above, rounded at the periphery, obtusely angulated 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. round the wide, funnel-shaped umbilicus, at first ascending a little above the plane of the spire, then descending gradually and rather deeply in front; the upper side of the last half flattened and sloping towards the periphery. Aperture ovate-lunate, oblique, violaceous purple inside, peristome purplish fuscous, slightly thickened, expanded and reflected; margins approaching, united by a thin callus, upper ascending at first, then descending, arcuate, basal and columellar margins slightly curved, the latter dilated and slightly overhanging the wide umbilicus. Diam. maj. 28°5, min. 22°56 mm.; alt. 17 mm. Hab.—New Mecklenburg. Type in Miss Linter’s collection. The present species is allied to C. discordialis, Fér. (under which name it was sent out), but it differs by the less rounded whorls, the higher axis, wider and funnel-shaped umbilicus, less expanded peristome, relatively higher aperture, and much sparser hairs. I have seen three specimens besides the type, one in the British Museum, one from Mr. Ponsonby, and one from Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton, the last measuring diam. maj. 26°5, min. 21 mm.; alt, 16 mm. Curoriris Garmarpi, Desh. Helix Gaimardi, Desh.: Guérin, Mag. de Zool., 1831, pl. xxix. The specific limits between this species and C. sedenus, Angas, were for some time obscure to me, Angas having omitted to compare his species with its ally. An examination of Mr. Ponsonby’s rich series of this group, however, has disclosed the existence of two types of sculpture, one with rows of hair-scars much crowded, the other having these processes much sparser. One of each type was submitted to Dr. H. Fischer with a request that he would compare them with the type of C. Gaimardi if it could be found in the Paris Museum, but to my regret he was unsuccessful in his quest. The only specimen found bore the label ‘‘ Helix . . . . Nie Irlande, MM. Lesson et Garnot.”” Dr. Fischer adds that on the occasion of a visit to the Museum by M. Ancey he filled in the blank with a pencil note, ‘*Gaimardi, Desh.” ; but it is obvious that this specimen cannot be considered as the type. Fortunately Deshayes gave enlarged figures of the sculpture in the Mag. de Zool., 1831, pl. xxix, and in Férussac’s ‘* Histoire,” pl. lxxii, fig. 10, and these figures favour the view that his species is characterized by the more distant rows of hair-scars, while the type of C. si/enus in the Newcastle Museum (which, owing to the kindness of Mr. E. Leonard Gill, the curator, I have been able to inspect) demonstrated the fact that in that species the hair-scars are very densely crowded. Several specimens in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, however, combined the crowded hair-scars of C. silenus | with the contour of C. Gaimardi, and as I consider the sculpture of decided diagnostic value, I have no option but to establish a new | species on these latter forms. (. Gaimardi may be characterized as | smaller (diam. 15mm.) than C. szlenus, less conoid, with the last whorl more convex above, less flattened at the side, the aperture with the outer margin more rounded, the basal margin less arcuate, and the hair-scars distant. GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 47 Cutoritis stteNus, Angas. Pl. IV, Fig. 6 Helix silenus, Angas: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 2 This species is generally larger than C. Guana and has the ieee whorl compressed above, flattened and sloping towards the periphery ; the aperture is more triangular and relatively higher, the outer margin straight, the basal arcuate, and the columellar sloping, while the ‘umbilicus is more obliquely excavated behind the mouth. The hair-scars are very densely crowded. The enlarged sculpture (Pl. IV, Fig. 6) is taken from a specimen from New Ireland received by Mr. Ponsonby from Mr. Garrett. It measures diam. maj.. 18, min. 15°5 mm.; alt. 11:5 mm. CuLorItTIs consuneta, n.sp. Pl. V, Fig. 5. Resembles C. Gaimardi in contour and size, but has the densely crowded hair-scars of CO. sélenus. It has the spire plane or slightly immersed. Diam. maj. 14°5, min. 13 mm. ; alt. 9°5 mm. Hub.—New Ireland. Type in my collection. The following specimens are in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection : three specimens labelled ‘‘ Gaimardi, ex Dr. Cox, Solomon Islands,” diam. 16°5, alt. 10°5 mm., and diam. 15°5, alt. 10 mm.; one specimen “eustoma, ex Dr. Cox, Solomon Islands,’’? diam. 16, alt. 9°5 mm. ; one specimen ‘‘si/enus, ex Garrett, New Ireland,” diam, 15°5, alt. 9-5mm.; two specimens “ stlenus = ? Gaimardi, ex Dr. Cox, New Treland,”’ diam. 15°5, alt. 9°5mm., and diam. 14, alt. 9mm. 3; one “ New Ireland,” diam. 13°5, alt. 9mm. CHLORITIS FRATERNA, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 6—-6¢. Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed conoid, pale ochreous, finely _ striated, covered rather sparsely with short, stiff, dark bristles, arranged in quincunx. Spire subplane, suture deep, apex not raised. Whorls 4 increasing slowly, rather tumid above, rounded at the periphery, obtusely angulated round the moderate funnel- shaped umbilicus; last whorl slightly dilated at the mouth, slowly descending, not deflected in front. Aperture ovate-lunate, a little oblique, pearly within ; margins a little approaching. Peristome dirty whitish, somewhat thickened and expanded, slightly reflected; upper margin arcuate, outer and basal regularly curved, columellar triangularly dilated and slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16, min, 14mm. ; alt. 11 mm. Hab.—? New Ireland (ex Sydney Museum). Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. Chloritis fraterna is more elevated in the spire than C. Gaimardi, and has a narrower umbilicus; the last whorl is not compressed or sloping above, does not descend so deeply in front, and it has a more rounded aperture. C. exigua is more solid, and, although smaller, it ' possesses half a whorl more, while the hair-scars or pits are much more crowded. Another specimen measures diam. maj. 18, min. 15 mm. ; alt. 12mm. The shells were received by Mr. Ponsonby as C. silenus. 48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Cutoritis Exava, n.sp. Pl. LV, Figs. 8—8e. Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, dark tawny, lightly striated, densely pitted. Spire subplane, suture deep, apex a little raised. — Whorls 44, increasing rather slowly, rather tumid above, rounded at | the periphery, obtusely angulated round the wide funnel-shaped | umbilicus; last whorl shortly deflected in front. Aperture sub- | circular, little oblique, dark within; margins a little approaching ; peristome rosy fuscous, a little thickened, expanded and reflexed; | upper margin ascending a little at first, then sloping down; outer, — basal, and columellar arcuate, the latter scarcely dilated. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10-5 mm.; alt. 7°5 mm. Hab.—New Ireland. Type in my collection. ! A specimen which could not be referred to either of the preceding | species has lain in my collection for years. It is smaller and darker | than any of its allies, has the apex raised, and, compared with | C. conjuncta, it has a more rounded aperture, and the hair-scars are— more crowded. | Cutoritis Cuminel, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 1-1a. Shell widely umbilicated, convex-conoid, solid, lightly striate, reddish-brown. Spire conoid, suture margined, apex obtuse. Whorls | 6, convex, increasing regularly, with fine spiral sculpture under | a deciduous cuticle, the apical whorl minutely pitted, the last dilated | towards the mouth, shortly descending in front, its latter half scored | with about six straight, obliquely descending furrows. Aperture | obovate, oblique; peristome white, thickened and reflected, margins — subparallel, converging near the body-whorl, united by a thin whitish | callus; columellar margin ascending at an obtuse angle beyond the | umbilical angulation. Diam, maj. 56, min. 45 mm.; alt. 36mm. Hab.—New Guinea (Mus. Cuming). Type in the British Museum. This new species is more elevated in the spire and more angulated than C. rubra, Albers. From C. concisa, Fér., it differs in the shorter | furrows which are confined to the last whorl. I associate with this | handsome and striking species the name of the celebrated collector, | Hugh Cuming, of whose collection the three shells, on which I base | the species, formed part. They were labelled C. concisa, Fér., until | Mr. Ponsonby pointed out that they could not be referred to that } species, and Mr. Smith, with his usual courtesy, now afforded me an | opportunity of naming and describing them. Cutoritis BREvIPILA, Pfr. Pl. IV, Fig. 9. Helix brevipila, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 180; Conch. Cab., | Helix, vol. ii (1853), p. 283, pl. exxiv, figs. 28-30; Mon. | Helic. Viv., vol. iii, p. 227; Tryon’s Man. Conch., vol. iii, | pl. 1, fig. 38. \ Several forms have been included under this name by authors, and | from the numerous specimens labelled with this name kindly placed ) at my disposal by Mr. Ponsonby, and from those in my collection, | GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 49 I am able to separate at least three forms which appear to deserve specific rank. ‘lhe type of Pfeiffer’s species in the British Museum has the spire elevated, not flattened; and the rows of hairs are more distant than in the allied forms. I give an enlarged view of part of the periostracum near the mouth from one of Mr. Ponsonby’s specimens. The figures in Cox’s Monograph, pl. v, fig. 2, and ’ Reeve’s Conch. Icon., fig. 777, are badly drawn, and it is impossible _ to say what species they represent. CHLORITIS NoVOCAMBRICA, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 2—2c. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed, pale cinnamon brown, finely striated, covered with very crowded, short, stiff bristles, arranged in quincunx. Spire shortly conoid, suture shallow, apex obtuse. Whorls 44 to 44, a little flattened above, rounded at the periphery, slightly compressed below, the umbilicus a little obliquely excavated behind the mouth and subangulated; last whorl shortly deflected in ‘front, slightly constricted behind the mouth. Aperture suboval, ’ oblique, margins slightly approaching; peristome white, thin, slightly expanded, margins arcuate, columellar margin dilated above, and half covering the narrow umbilicus. Diam. maj. 13°5, min, 11°5 mm. ; alt. 8°5 mm. Hab.—New South Wales. Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. Similar in shape to C. brevipila, but twice the size, and with the hairs much more crowded. Cutoritis pisyuncta, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 3-8e. | Chloritis brevipila, Pilsbry : Man. Conch., vol. vi, pl. viii, figs. 28-30 (not of Pfeiffer). Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed, pale corneous, finely striated, covered with pits or hair-scars, arranged in quincunx, in fresh specimens probably provided with short hairs. Spire low conoid, - suture impressed, apex obtuse. Whorls 4, rounded above, swollen . below, subangulated at the periphery, becoming rounded towards the mouth. Last whorl shortly deflected in front, scarcely constricted behind the mouth. Aperture suboval, oblique; peristome thin, a little . expanded; margins convergent, curved, columellar margin dilated, ) and impinging upon the moderate pervious umbilicus. Diam. 8-9, “alt. 5-52 mm. Hab.— Port Stephen, New South Wales. Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. Allied to the last species, but smaller, with less crowded hair-scars, _and wider umbilicus. Compared with C. brevipila it is smaller, the spire more elevated, the umbilicus slightly narrower, and not excavated or angulated, and the hair-scars more crowded. Cutoritis Layarpi, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 4—4e. Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed, pale to reddish brown, smooth, with a velvety cuticle, covered with rather distant rows of , Short, stiff, dark bristles, arranged in quincunx. Spire plane, suture VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 4 300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. deep, apex scarcely immersed. Whorls 4, rather tumid, slightly | flattened above the periphery near the mouth, subcompressed round | the moderate pervious umbilicus, which is slightly obliquely excavated behind the mouth; last whorl shghtly descending, then suddenly and | deeply deflected, gibbous and constricted behind the peristome. | Aperture subcircular, very oblique. Peristome whitish or fulvous, | thin, slightly expanded, almost continuous; margins regularly curved, | columellar margin triangularly dilated, scarcely impinging on the moderate deep umbilicus. Diam. maj. 10, min. 8°5mm.; alt. 5°5 mm. Hab.—Islands in Torres Straits. Type in my collection. | From the late Mr. KE. L. Layard I received two specimens (labelled C. brevipila), and 1 have pleasure in associating this pretty little species with the name of this lamented and indefatigable naturalist. | In Mr. Ponsonby’s collection are three specimens (labelled ‘ C, brevepila, New Holland’’), which I refer to this species. One of these measures — diam. maj. 11, min. 9mm.; alt. 6mm. In the same collection are four other specimens from Cape York, Queensland, and one from the_ Richmond River, New South Wales. | C. Layardi is easily distinguished from C. brevipila and its allies by | | the flat spire, almost continuous peristome, and the gibbous crest behind the peristome. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Prats IV. Fies. 1-16. Chloritis Eduardi, u.sp. $9) 220. 5 Martensi, Ptr. 9) 3-00. A subtilis, n.sp. 9, 4-4e. 5 Moellendorfi, Ancey. > O-de. > fausta, n.sp. Fie. 6. », silenus, Angas, portion of periostracum enlarged. Fries. 7-70. »» Ponsonbyi, n.sp. 8-8e. An exigua, N.Sp. Fig. 9. fs brevipila, Pfr., portion of periostracum enlarged. PLATE “Vi Fies. 1-la. Chloritis Cumingi, n.sp. aot) eee o novocambrica, 2.sp. >, 93-8e. 53 disjuncta, n.sp., enlarged two diameters. », 4-4¢. PP Layard, u.sp., enlarged two diameters. Fie. 5. he conjuncta, n.sp., portion of periostracum enlarged. Fics. 6—6e. » Jraterna, D.sp. 3 (18. >» macrostoma, sp. a) O an 3) E 0 O fG Au AH. Searle, del.et Lith. Gio ORAS. OF SPEGHVES 51 NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. By R. H. Burne, B.A. Read 12th January, 1906. Ratner more than a year ago, a small collection of Aplysiide, collected in South Africa by Mr. Henry Burnup, was entrusted to me, through the kindness of Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, for dissection and description. To both of these gentlemen I wish to express my thanks for the opportunity thus afforded me of adding somewhat to the relatively scanty records of the anatomy of members of this group of molluscs. The collection comprised eight specimens belonging to four species, two of which are apparently new. TETHYS OPERTA, 0.Sp. The four specimens of this species (three from Isipingo and one from Scottsburg) closely resemble each other except in size, and in their most important external features are so closely similar to Tethys dactylomela (Rang) and its varieties (especially var. eguorea, Heilprin) that, were it not for the complete closure of the shell-sac, it would be unnecessary to consider them as anything but varieties of dactylomela. Fre. 1. The least distorted of the four specimens (Fig. 1) had the following measurements :—Total length, 68 mm. ; breadth in front of the para- podia, 21 mm. ; height in the middle of the visceral sac, 28 mm.; length of posterior extremity of the foot behind the parapodia, 9mm.; length of the attachment of the parapodia to the body, 28mm.; greatest depth of the parapodia, 14 mm.; breadth between the anterior ends of | the parapodia, 12 mm.; distance from the anterior end of the parapodia to the rhinophores, 22mm.; distance between the rhinophores and anterior tentacles, 12mm. ; breadth between the rhinophores, 5 mm. 52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The surface of the animal is slightly crinkled, but otherwise smooth. The parapodia are moderately developed, but do not cover the mantle ; posteriorly they are united where they meet the foot, the depth of the union being about 3mm. The mantle is large; its free right-hand border is turned down for about 4 mm., and posteriorly is suddenly bent to the left to form a short wide siphon 5mm. in length. The shell- sac is completely closed, but a minute hollow papilla, near its centre, indicates the position where the opening should be. The rhinophores are short, cylindrical, and blunt. Their apices are hollowed out, the margins of the cavity being irregular. The anterior tentacles are small, and, as usual, are formed by scrolled projections of the buceal lobes. ‘The latter are large and of circular form. The eyes lie 2°5mm. in front of, and slightly lateral to, the rhinophores. The anal orifice lies as usual in the siphon. The genital opening is situated beneath the mantle on a level with the anterior limit of the gill, at a distance of 12 mm. from the anterior ends of the parapodia, and 4mm. in front of the large single opening of the opaline gland. The genital groove takes the usual course to the penis beneath the right anterior tentacle. Fig. 2: TGs. os Fic. 4. The animal is greenish grey, covered with a network of fine — irregular black reticulations, which in places run together to form | blotches, or more frequently somewhat vague ring-like markings. | These are sharply circumscribed, as a rule, towards the centre, but } outwardly fade off into the general reticulation. The rings are || scattered chiefly upon the sides of the body and upon the outer surface | of the parapodia, the blotches being mainly situated near the margin | of the foot, a specially definite one marking the upper surface of its | posterior free extremity. The inner surface of the parapodia is marbled | with large confluent black blotches. The surface of the mantle is also | marbled, but very delicately, the depressed free edge being somewhat | specially pigmented. The sole of the foot is yellower than the rest of | the body-surface, and is sparingly flecked with small blotches of black | or brown. i The shell (Figs. 2, 3) is rather long, narrow, and flat (24 by 16 by ) 2°5mm.). It is slightly calcified, showing internally traces of nacre. | BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIID®. 53 The beak is strongly incurved, and upwardly reflexed. The sinus is deeply excavated, and extends barely a third the length of the shell. The colour of the shell is yellowish, owing to the strong periostracum which extends from 1 to 2'5mm. beyond the anterior border of the ealcified part Alimentary canal: The jaws, which have an elongated quadrilateral shape, are lateral brush-like developments of a continuous delicate sheet of chitin that encircles the buccal cavity just inside the mouth, They are covered with slender, rod-like, chitinous processes (Fig. 4), about ‘2mm. in length, that slightly swell distally, and terminate in a rounded end. The radula is of the type common to the family, with a formula of 28: 1: 28, the outer lateral teeth being, as usual, more or less rudimentary. The median tooth is broad and has three cusps, a median which is irregularly denticulate along its edge, and on either side a smaller smooth cusp. The first lateral has one large smooth cusp; the other teeth, except those quite at the side, have a large internal denticulate cusp, and lateral to it a smaller smooth cusp. The buccal mass is nearly globular (9 mm. long by 8 mm. broad). The csophagus measures 9 by 2mm., and is longitudinally pleated internally. It leads into a voluminous crop measuring roughly 30 by 12mm., and making one complete spiral twist to the night before opening into the muscular gizzard. This latter region is, as usual, very clearly defined externally by the abrupt anterior and posterior margins of the thick layer of circular muscle fibres of which its walls are composed. Internally it is armed with two or three irregular rows of pyramidal horny teeth of different sizes. The gizzard passes without constriction into the stomach, which in turn gradually narrows to form the intestine. Two large bile ducts and a narrow cecum open into the intestinal end of the stomach. The arrangement of the gut-coils, a character that seems to differ in different species, resembles very closely that figured for 7. leporina in Bronn’s Thierreich, Bd. iii, Abth. 2, pl. lxv, fig. 7. The salivary glands and hepato-pancreas call for no remark. The opaline gland is of very large size, and is composed of long transparent conical lobules, which measure about 1mm. in diameter at their outer ends, and gradually narrow towards a common duct that opens by a large aperture, as stated previously. The nervous system has the form normally present in the genus. The gill and heart are also of the normal type. The first portion of the aorta is provided with a leaf-like enlargement (erista aorte) closely attached to the anterior wall of the pericardium. ‘The aorta occupies the central line of this enlargement, and on either side is a wing-like expansion, The reproductive organs are in no way specially remarkable, but it may be mentioned that the hermaphrodite gland, which is buried as usual in the right side of the apex of the visceral mass, is rounded, and the albumen gland is small and sausage-shaped. Otherwise they very closely resemble the published figures of European species such as 7. leporina. fe | PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ¥ Treruys Burnvpl, n.sp. Of this species (Fig. 5), which I have taken the liberty to name after Mr. Burnup, there was one specimen only, from Durban. It had the following measurements: total length, 42mm.; greatest breadth, 15mm.; distance from the mouth to the anterior end of the parapodia, 11mm. ; length of the parapodia, 30 mm.; greatest depth of parapodia, 9mm.; distance from anterior end of the parapodia to the rhinophores, 3mm.; distance between the anterior ends of the parapodia, 6 mm.; breadth of foot, 7 mm. The animal has an oval form, with very long but not particularly deep parapodia. The latter unite where they meet the foot at a point only 1 mm. from its extremity. The mantle is large; its anterior limit nearly coincides with the mid transverse plane of the animal. The shell-sac is completely closed, without any indication of the position where the opening should be. The siphon is small. The rhinophores, which he remarkably close in front of the parapodia, are short, cylindrical, and blunt; their apices are excavated, the border of the hollow being irregular. ‘The anterior tentacles, which are formed by foldings of the buccal lobes, are large and flat, and, together with the buccal lobes, project laterally in the horizontal plane. The genital opening lies on a level with the anterior limit of the mantle, 3mm. in front of the gill. The opaline gland opens by numerous minute pores. The anus is in the usual position within the siphon. The genital groove has the normal position and appearance. The eyes lie 1 mm. in front of the rhinophores. In colour the animal is dusky grey green, flecked with small | elongated blotches of whitish green, directed for the most part | longitudinally. The inner surface of the parapodia is dusky green, marked near the margin by radially disposed patches of whitish green. The mantle is for the most part transparent, but clouded along its left | side and around the siphon: with dusky green. BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSTIIDZ. 55) The shell (Figs. 6, 7): Unfortunately the calcareous part was broken to pieces, but the general shape can be recognised from the stout periostracum. It is of elongated oval form, moderately convex, with the beak strongly incuryed, and with an upstanding reflected hood. The sinus is short and moderately concave, fr . Fia. 6. Iie, 5 Fic. 8. The alimentary canal: The jaws lie on either side just within the mouth. They have an irregularly oval form measuring 3 by 2mm., and are covered by chitinous hair-like rods ‘08 millim, in length, with a pointed and slightly hooked free extremity (Fig. 8). The radula has the formula 22 : 1 : 22. The median tooth has a central blunt cusp with denticulate edges, and two pairs of lateral cusps. The lateral teeth have a long denticulate cusp towards the median side, and upon the lateral side two smaller smooth cusps. The teeth are relatively large, being about equal in size to those of T. operta, although the animal is much smaller. The alimentary canal otherwise closely resembles that of 7. operta, but the intestine is longer with similar though more pronounced coils. The following measurements of the different parts may be noted :— (Esophagus, 7 mm. long by 1°5 mm. diameter; crop, 17 mm. long by 7mm. diameter; gizzard, 4mm. long, with two rows of thorn-like chitinous teeth upon its inner surface. The opaline gland consists of a number of isolated follicles covering an area of the body-wall below, and slightly posterior to, the genital opening. It measures 6mm. long. by 4mm. broad, and is more pointed behind than in front. Reproductive organs: The only remarkable feature about these organs is the absence of the seminal vesicle. ‘The albumen gland also is extremely small. The gill, mantle-cavity, kidney, pericardium, and heart show no special features worthy of mention. ‘The aortic appendage (erista aorte) is large and leaf-like. This specimen is of somewhat exceptional interest, for in its general configuration, in the arrangement of the parapodia and mantle, and in the position of the external openings, in fact, in nearly all its most important external characters, it resembles the genus Paraplysia otf 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTRTY. Gilchrist! so closely that I should have unhesitatingly placed it in that genus, had it not differed slightly from it in the leading feature upon which the genus was founded, namely, the position of the rhinophores with regard to the parapodia. In Paraplysia the rhino- phores lie actually between the anterior ends of the parapodia, whilst in this specimen they are 3mm. in advance of them. On this account alone it must, I think, be placed in the genus Zethys, and having regard to its general similarity in other characters to the genus Paraplysia, it becomes a question, as suspected by Gilchrist himself,’ whether in reality any hard and fast line can be drawn between the genera Tethys and Paraplysia. Terays nreRocrncta (Martens). Of this species there was one specimen from Scottsburg, Natal. It is larger than the type described by Martens, and also differs from it in being of a pale yellow colour instead of light brown. The specimen had the following measurements : total length, 28 mm. ; height, (through the visceral sac) 13 mm., (in front of the parapodia) 6mm.; distance from the mouth to the anterior limit of the parapodia, 10mm., the rhinophores being situated midway between these two points. The parapodia are united behind to a depth of 2mm., and are separated in front by a distance of 6mm. Their greatest height is 6 mm. The general form of the body is long and slender, with the visceral sac strongly humped up. The rhinophores and tentacles are slender and ear-like. The sole of the foot is narrow (5 mm.) and very clearly defined. The mantle orifice is peculiarly large (7 by 6 mm.) and somewhat egg-shaped, with the narrower end directed backwards. The siphon is short and wide. The genital opening lies in front of the anterior edge of the mantle, some 2mm. in advance of the gill. The opaline gland opens by numerous minute pores. The colour of the animal is a delicate fulvous yellow, with very faint indications of small lighter spots upon the outer surface of the parapodia and down the centre of the back. The edges of the parapodia, of the mantle orifice, and of the siphon are bordered by an interrupted delicate black line. Black pigment also oceurs within the cavities of the rhinophores and tentacles, and upon the anterior and posterior margins of the foot. The eyes, which are plainly visible, lie just in front of the rhinophores. The shell: The caleareous part of the shell was unfortunately broken. The uninjured beak and the periostracal layer, however, give the following particulars: length, 10 mm.; breadth, 8 mm. ; height, 3mm. The beak is strongly inturned, and is not reflexed. The sinus is slightly concave, and occupies a little more than the posterior third. 1 Gilchrist, ‘‘The genus Parap/ysia, with description of a new species’’?: Trans. S. Af. Phil. Soc., vol. xi (1902), p. 121. * Gilchrist: loc. cit., p. 124. BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIIDZ. oe Digestive organs: The radula is small, and has the formula 10:1: 10. The individual teeth, though few in number, are relatively large, and are strongly cusped, the cusps being similar in number and arrangement to those of 7. Burnupi. The jaws are covered with short hooked rods very similar to those of 7. Burnupt. The buccal mass, salivary glands, crop, and stomach are quite normal but for a dilatation of the cesophagus, about its middle. This may, however, be an individual peculiarity, or possibly a pathological condition. The intestine is remarkably short and very simply coiled (Fig. 9). The point of the cecum projects from the hepato-pancreas Fic. 9. further and more abruptly than in the other species examined, although in the usual place, where the intestine begins to run forward upon the left side of the hepato-pancreas. Organs of circulation: The intra-pericardial part of the aorta has no expansion (crista aorta). Reproductive organs: These have the usual characters, but (in this specimen) are of large size. The complex of organs that les between the hermaphrodite duct and the external opening measure 7 mm. in length. The seminal vesicle and spermatheca are also very conspicuous. The albumen gland is nearly circular. | The opaline gland is small (3 by 2 mm.), and consists of an aggregation of separate follicles. TrerHys ELONGATA (Pease). Of this species there were two specimens from Port Shepstone. They had the following dimensions: total length, 21 mm. ; height, (through the visceral sac) 11 mm., (in front of the parapodia) 7 mm. ; distance from the mouth to the anterior end of the parapodia, 7 mm., the rhinophores being situated about midway between these two points. The parapodia are united behind, 2mm. in front of the extremity of the foot, to a depth of 4 mm., and are separated in front by a distance of 6mm. Their greatest depth is 4 mm. The rhinophores and tentacles have the same shape as in 7. nigro- cincta. The mantle orifice measures 8 by 6mm. The siphon is small and broad. The external openings are as in 7. nigrocincta. The colour of the animal is dullish olive green, tending to yellowish brown. The concavities of the rhinophores and tentacles are black. The eyes lie external to the bases of the rhinophores. 08 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The shell, which is remarkably stout, is brownish in colour, and measures 13°5 mm. in length by 9°5 in breadth by 5 in height. The beak is strongly inturned, and is reflexed upward. The periostracum extends considerably beyond the anterior margin of the calcareous part of the shell. In its internal anatomy this species so closely resembles 7. nigrocincta that a detailed description is unnecessary, but attention must be drawn to the following special points of resemblance: the arrangement of the gut-coils; the absence of a crista aorte upon the intra- pericardial part of the aorta; the large size of the reproductive ducts and accessory glands — these are, in fact, even larger than in Z. nigrocincta, although the animal itself is considerably smaller. The relative size of the several parts differs, however. The albumen gland is larger in 7. elongata, but the seminal vesicle and spermatheca are smaller. Much importance should not, I suppose, be attached to the size of these organs, for, no doubt, they vary considerably in this respect according to the time of year, as in other animals. SOCIETY. MALACOLOGICAL PROCEEDINGS OF fHE "sLOJIPNY TIVQNADL (UTA TIM CUuVMCOOM AUNAH ® “O06 ‘YIEL Aumnune “IOINSVOLT, "UOFT ‘AINOSNOT "FL NHOL "qDoIL0D 9G 0} JUNUIOYVYS OAOGV ot} puy OM puv ‘uopUO'T Jo AJOI0g [voISopoorVP_ aq} JO LoINsvoIT, oY} JO syuNodoV oy} pourwexo Avp sty} 9ABY OAL ses Sc 1. OSls Gl Gels 0 OTT ° ° ° °* ° ¢ ‘sqdrecsty guewesnmospy * JT ey © a SL 0 COOLER GINS (0 6 PLC ESCO) GEL COT Ga 0 @ 1 Hoo0I9 “lof 13) ue peda ai 0G¢F uo spuopranyy * CURIA (\G bau es {SouIpooo0tg ,, Jo opug “ Gar Lar oe) tele eure ™ ve) “rey SU ew ne . $90,J OOURIZUGL a 0 él GI . . . . ° . . ° . . 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Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Ir. J. E. Cooper and Mr. Louis Breun were appointed serutineers. The following report was read :— ‘« Your Council, in presenting their thirteenth Annual Report, are | able to point, with satisfaction, to a considerable body of useful work j accomplished during the past year, as shown by the details of the | Society’s publications given below. j They have, however, to record, with deep regret, the heavy loss that the Society has suffered within the year by the death of two of its | former Presidents (Dr. W. T. Blanford and Professor G. B. Howes), and also of Captain F. W. Hutton and Mr. R. Rimmer. The Society | is also the poorer for.the retirement of five members, but, on the | other hand, eight new members have been elected. The membership of the Society stood as follows on December 31st, | 1905 :— Ordinary members 2.00 essen tbo Wt US o* Leas 84 Correspondingmembers: i sen eee) eee es the Moball Ges sass 161 At the end of the year 1904 the total membership was 162, and of | 1905, 165 The financial state of the Soc ety is quite satisfactory; all the | liabilities of the year have been discharged, and there is a balance in | the banking account of £29 15s. 10d., while the sum of £40 still | remains invested in Metropolitan 23 per ‘cent. Stock. Since the last Annual Meeting three parts of the ‘ Proceedings’ | have been issued, consisting of 185 pages, illustrated with 8 plates | and 68 text-figures, thus completing the sixth volume of the Society’s | journal. / The Society is greatly indebted to the following gentlemen, who | have partly defrayed the actual cost of the numerous illustrations | or have provided drawings for reproduction :—R. G. Barnes, H. H. ; Bloomer, Rey. R. Ashington Bullen, H. C. Burnup, Lieut. -Colonel | H. H. Godwin-Austen, Caie Gude, H. von Ihering, R. B. Newton, { H. A. Pilsbry, H. B. Preston, A. Reynell, KE. A. Smith, F8.0., G. Ba} Sowerby, H. Suter, and E. R. Sykes. It is only with such generous | y help that the Society is able to issue such a fully-illustrated publication. | 5 Se |. GE 2 Fa > bas PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 61 Further, the thanks of the Society are specially due to the Council of the Linnean Society, through whose kindness it has been permitted, as in previous years, to hold its meetings in Burlington House.” On the motion of the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, seconded by Mr. A. 8. Kennard, the above was adopted as the Annual Report of the Society. The following were elected as Officers and Council for the year 1906 : President.—. R. Sykes, B.A., F.L.S. Vice-Presidents.—Sir C. N. E. Eliot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A. Herdman, F R.S.; W.G. Ridewood, D.Sc., F.L.S.; B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. Treasurer.—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S. Secretary. lt. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S. Eaditor.—E. A. Smith, 1.8.0. Six other Members of Council.—Rey. R. Ashington Bullen, F.L.S. ; S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S.; R. Bullen Newton, F.G.8.; Alexander Reynell; H. Woodward, LL.D., RRS: On the motion of Mr. E. A. Smith, I.S.0., seconded by Mr. R. Bullen * Newton, a vote of thanks was passed to the Retiring Officer and b) to} Members of Council, and to the Auditors and Scrutineers, ORDINARY MEETING. Frivay, 9rH Fesruary, 1906. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mr. T. H. Haynes gave a short account (illustrated by lantern slides and specimens) of Pearl Oyster Culture and Pearl Fishing. After a brief review of the chief pearl fisheries of the Indian Ocean and Malay Archipelago, Mr. Haynes recounted his own experiences « in the culture of mother-of-pearl shells in the Montebello Islands, off the north-west coast of Australia, and referred to some of the many difficulties that had to be met— want of water, difficulties of transport, | hurricanes, and the ravages of ‘vermin’ (Octopus, Crabs, Cerithium, etc.). Operations were started with a small enclosure of loose stones, 2 just above low-water line, in which mother-of-pearl shells were placed , with the idea of stocking the surrounding shallows. Subsequently asmall lagoon, dry at half-tide, was closed by a dam and cleared of i vermin. In this young and old mother-of-pearl shells were placed and flourished, but the young proved to be ‘false spat,’ and did not . develop into true mother-of-pearl shells. The experiments neverthe- | less showed satisfactorily that by thus planting out shells in secluded | and favourable positions, increased growth can be ensured. Mr. F. Homes exhibited a series of pearl shells in which were » remarkable blister pearls, some being of very great size, and in some |. eases formed within the area of the adductor muscle. 62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The following specimens were also exhibited :— By E. A. Smith, 1.8.0.: A collection of deep-sea Mollusca from the Indian Ocean. These, which formed part of the dredgings of the “Investigator,” included some enormous examples of Dentalium and Solenomya, and several other most interesting forms. By the Rey. R. Ashington Bullen: Examples of the Mollusca used as food in Victoria, Australia; specimens of marine shells attached to | mammalian Pleistocene bones found in East Crete by Miss Dorothy | Bate; anda series of land shells collected near Avignon. By J. E. Cooper: Some clusters of Crepidula fornicata (L.), from the River Crouch, Essex. Mr. Cooper pointed out the great increase in the numbers of this species in Essex waters during the last thirteen years. In the clusters shown the struggle for foothold had evidently been severe, in one case as many as nine specimens being piled one above another. Mr. Cooper also showed some shells of Vavipara vivipara (L.), inhabited by hermit crabs. These had been taken in crab-pots at Swanage. Mr. A. S. Kennard: On behalf of Mr. R. J. Welch, a series of lantern slides illustrating Irish shells and the localities in which the several species are found. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 9rH Marcu, 1906. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘ Descriptions of thirty-one Gastropoda and one Scaphopod from. | ue Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.’ By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., | 1 1. 2. Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of a proposed new subgenus (Valluvium) of Amalthea, Schumacher.” By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., | 1a BSB 3. ‘‘ Notes on a Holocene deposit at Harlton, Cambridgeshire.” © By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, F.L.S. | 4. “*On a small collection of Land and Fresh-water Shells from Uganda, with descriptions of a new species of J/artensia and two new | species of Limicolaria.”’ By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. 5. ‘On new species of Polyplacophora from South Australia.” By _ W. T. Bednall and E. H. V. Matthews. Mr. E. A. Smith, I.8.0., exhibited some living examples of Zbstacella | haliotidea, collected by Mr. H. 8. Cousens at Wanstead, Essex. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 65 ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 6rH Apri, 1906. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Mr. H. 8S. Cousens was elected a member of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘On a species of the Land Molluscan genus Dyakia from Siam.”’ By Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S. - 2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Land Shells from Peru and Colombia and two new species of Curvel/a from the Philippine Islands.” By 8. I. Da Costa. 3. ‘* Note on Swainson’s genus Volutilithes.”” By R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S. 4. ‘Further remarks on the genus Chloritis, with descriptions of eleven new species.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S. 5. “On the occurrence of Vertigo parcedentata, Al. Braun, in Holocene deposits in Great Britain.” By A. 8. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. 6. “On the name Pelsbryella, von Ihering.” By Dr. H. von Ihering. The following specimens were exhibited :— By E. A. Smith, I.8.0.: An example of the rare ‘ Babylonicum’ monstrosity of Neptunea antiqua ; a remarkably large specimen of the ‘same species nine inches in length; also a reversed example, together ‘with two similar reversed specimens shown on behalf of Mr. b. B. ‘Woodward and Mr. A. Reynell. By B. B. Woodward (on behalf of Dr. Chaster): Specimens of Jaminia triplicata, Studer, discovered by Dr. Chaster at Brandon, ‘Suffolk, in 1904. For an account of this new addition to the British ‘fauna see Chaster, Journ. of Conch., vol. xi, p. 319. By F. G. Bridgman: A copy of an old work on Natural History by ‘Philippo Bonanni, dated 1691, entitled ‘‘ Observationes circa viventia, que in rebus non viventibus reperiuntur. . . . . His accesserunt aliquot Animalium Testaceorum Icones non antea in lucem edite.”’ The second part of this work, pp. 308-335, gives an account of a number of species of shells, illustrated by somewhat rough figures, but sufficiently good in most cases for specific recognition, O4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. OBITUARY NOTICES. PLATE YI,} It is with deep regret that we have to record the loss to this Society of another of its past Presidents. It was only in the early part of last year that we had to mourn the death of Professor G. B. Howes, and now it becomes our sad duty to chronicle that of Dr. W. T. Branrorp, C.LE., F R.S., ete., who passed away on the 23rd June, 1905, aged 72. Already several memoirs of our distinguished President have appeared in various journals; nevertheless, we feel it our duty to give some idea in these pages of the work which he accomplished, more especially in connection with the branch of science in which this Society is particularly interested. For twenty-seven years Dr. Blanford was engaged on the Geological Survey of India, and published many valuable reports upon the work achieved during that period. Although, while in India, his official duties were in connection with geology, he still had frequent oppor- tunities of paying attention to the zoology of that country. His memoirs treating upon both the vertebrates and invertebrates are numerous and valuable, and indispensable to the student of the Indian fauna. Perhaps no one has been so qualified to write upon the animal life of India as Dr. Blanford, for he possessed, in an exceptional degree, a great knowledge of the physical characteristics of the country. He had, to a large extent, explored the Indian Peninsula, and thus acquired a great personal acquaintance with the distribution of animal life. The results of this extensive knowledge may be seen in his classic report on ‘the distribution of vertebrate animals in India, Ceylon, and Burma,” published in 1901. Dr. Blanford wrote many papers on Indian mammals, birds, and reptiles, which appeared in Indian and home journals, and also wrote the account of the mammals and birds in the ‘‘ Fauna of India,” of which he edited the seventeen volumes which have already appeared, and, at the time of his death, he was engaged upon the volumes treating upon the land and fresh-water mollusca. Some of the earliest work of Dr. Blanford was in connection with Indian malacology, and from the year 1860 onward a series of about forty valuable papers from his own pen, or in conjunction with his brother, H. F. Blanford, appeared in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, the Journal de Conchyliologie, and in the Proceedings of this Society. Altogether | it is estimated that Dr. Blanford wrote about 400 pages upon Indian Mollusca, besides some account of the fauna of Abyssinia and Persia, a knowledge of which he obtained, from personal observation, whilst accompanying the expeditions under Lord Napier of Magdala, and the Persian Boundary Commission. ' This portrait, which appeared in the Geological Magazine, 1905, dec. ry, vol. ii, has been very kindly lent, tor reproduction here, by Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Vor. VII, Pi.VI Proc.MALAC.Soc. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 65 Dr. Blanford occupied many honourable positions in the scientific world, and many were the honours conferred upon him. He was twice President of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, President of the Geological Society in 1889-1890, President of the Geological Section of the British Association in 1884, President of the ] Malacological Society 1899-1900, etc., ete. In 1883 he was the recipient of the Wollaston Gold Medal, the highest mark of distinction at the disposal of the Geological Society ; and in 1902 he received from the Royal Society, of which he had been a Fellow for many years, a royal medal in recognition of his memoir on the distribution of ie in India, and Of his work in connection with the ‘‘ Fauna of British India.” In 1904 the Companionship of the Order of the Indian Empire was conferred upon him by H.M. the King in recognition of his valuable services in India and of work accomplished i in connection with that country since his retirement from the public service. Dr. Alcock writes in the ‘‘ Records of the Geological Survey of India”? :—‘‘ No notice of Blanford as a zoologist would be complete that failed to emphasize his telling personal influence and his abundant sympathy with all who were in any way interested in the natural history of this country. It seemed to be natural to apply to Blanford, and natural to Blanford to sacrifice his time to help others. No man ever showed a warmer side to the amateur, or was so entirely free from the narrow prejudice of the professional. Of liberal intellect, of just and charitable temper, he was imbued with the true scientific spirit.” With regard to his personality we cannot do better than quote the words of his lifelong friend, Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, who says :—‘‘ All must have felt the charm of his society. Besides being a naturalist he was a keen sportsman—the one often makes the other ; —with gun or rod in hand no one enjoyed his day more. It is only in the life spent in camp, with its curious contrasts of pleasure and discomfort, in the hours of walking through the stubbles or standing by the covert-side, that one really gets to know all that there is of good in a friend’s nature. William Blanford could enter into such pleasures, and his knowledge of nature had been increased thereby ; he will be missed not only as a man of science, but as a friend by many.’ A list of Dr. Blanford’s writings on Mollusca can be extracted from the catalogue of his scientific papers which appeared in the Geological Magazine, 1 1905, dee. v, vol. u, pp. 9-15. We have, however, noticed the following omissions :— 1868. On the occurrence of Diplommatina Huttoni and Ennea bicolor in the West Indies. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, vol. i, pp. 110-112.) 1875. Note on the Molluscan genera Celostele, Benson, and Francesia, Paladilhe, and on some species of Land Shells from Aden. (Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1875, vol. xliv, pp. 41-46. Proceedings, 1875, p 138.) 1881. Land, Fresh-water, and Estuarine Mollusca. (British Burma Gazetteer (Rangoon), 1880, vol. 1, pp. 698-716.) 1899. On Ariophanta Dalyi, n.subsp , from Mysore, with a note on Mariella Dussumieri (Val.). (Proce. Malac. Soe., vol. ili, pp. 280-283.) 1899. Note cn the Land Mollusca of Bombay. (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. xu, pp. 326-328.) 1901. Note on Bensonia, and on an apparently undescribed species, B. mimeli. (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv, pp. 178-179.) 66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1901. Note on Bensonia Mainwaringi and Macrochlamys Dalingensis, (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv, pp. 180-182.) 1901. Notes on Ariophanta, Xestinu, Nilgiria, and Euplecta, with lists of species, (Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iv, pp, 241-248.) 1902. On Rhiostoma Dalyi, n.Sp., ‘and Sesara megalodon, n.sp., obtained by the late Mr. W. M. Daly m Siam. (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, pp. 34-35.) 1903. Notes on Mr. Daly’s collection of Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Siam. (Prov. Malac. Soc., vol. v, pp. 274-284.) 1903. Note on the supposed locality ‘* Sulgranees,’’ whence Dr. J, E. Gray’s type- specimens of Indian Jurassic Ammonites were said to have been obtained. (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, p. 346.) Carrarn F, W. Hurron, Corresponding Member of the Society, died on October 27th last year, on board ship, whilst on the way to his home in New Zealand, after a visit to this country. He was originally intended for the Navy, but subsequently entered the Army, and saw active service during the Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny. A few years later he retired from military service and emigrated to New Zealand, where he soon entered upon a scientific career, at various times holding the posts of Assistant Geologist to the New Zealand Geological Survey, Curator of the Otago Museum, Professor of Natural Science in the Otago University, Professor of Biology and Geology in the University of "New Zealand, and Curator of the Christchurch Museum. Captain Hutton was also elected President of the New Zealand Institute, and President of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. He was made Fellow of the Geological Society in 1861, a Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society in 1872, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1892. The range of his scientific work, almost exclusively in connection with the country of his adoption, was very wide, embracing many branches of zoology and geology. He did not therefore write so much on Mollusca as he might have done had his time and talents been restricted to that branch of science. However, including his various manuals on the fauna, he published altogether nearly 900 pages on New Zealand Mollusca, both recent and fossil. Most of his writings appeared in the Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, but he also sent contributions to other Australasian journals, to the Philosophical Magazine, the Annals and Magazine of eee History, the Geologist, Geological Magazine, Journal of the Geological Society, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, the Ibis, Nature, Journal of Ornithology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, Monthly Microscopical Journal, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Journal de Conchyliologie, New Zealand Journal of Science, He also wrote a ‘‘Class-book of Elementary Geology,” 1875; ‘Darwinism and Lamareckism, Old and New.” 1899; che Lesson of Evolution,” 1902; “ Nature in New Zealand,” 1903 ; “The Animals of New Zealand,” 19064. It will thus be seen that Captain Hutton was as prolific a writer as his subjects were varied. His writings on New Zealand malacology are indispensable to the student of the fauna of that country, and NOTES. 67 reference, in this connection, should be made to his Manual of 1880, and to the ‘‘ Index Faun Nove Zealandi,”’ published as recently as the year 1904. With these two works in hand we have an excellent guiderto the study of the Mollusca of that country, for they practically indicate all that has been done upon the subject. Captain Hutton was personally acquainted with few of the conchologists of this country, but a Corresponding Member of this Society who knew him well wrote, on hearing of his death: ‘‘ To me it is a terrible blow, for Captain Hutton was the best friend I ever had in New Zealand. With his death, one of the noblest hearts that ever lived has ceased to beat. ‘The loss of a brother could not be more painful to me.” ‘This personal appreciation of the man is enough. We need say no more. New Zealand has lost one of its foremost scientists, and many will mourn the loss of a true friend. Ricwarp Rimmer, a member of this Society since 1893, died at his residence, Dalawoodie, Dumfries, on August 19th, 1905, at the age of 79. He was a keen all-round naturalist, but made a special study of the terrestrial and fluviatile mollusca of this country, and in 1880 he published a little book upon that subject, entitled ‘The Land and Fresh-water Shells of the british Islands.” It was quite an unpretentious work, but exhibited a novelty in the manner of the illustrations, being one of the first conchological works to be illustrated by the aid of photography. With the exception of one or two short notes published in the Journal of Conchology, the above work appears to be the extent of Mr. Rimmer’s writings on mollusea. Individually, he was regarded by those who best knew him as ‘‘one of the most charitable, lovable, social, and kind-hearted men.” INFO ES: CassipArtA ruGOSA. (Read 9th March, 1906.)—I wish to add a note of correction to my paper upon the anatomy of Cassidaria rugosa in these Proceedings, Vol. V1, p. 297. Mr. Moore’s lecture at the meeting held on the 16th of June last gave me the first intimation that I might be wrong, for, from my description of the nervous system, Cassidaria would be a member of his ‘hypoathroid’ group, instead of, as would be expected from analogy, ‘epiathroid.’ To make certain of this point the specimen has been kindly examined by Mr. Burne and re-examined by myself, and we feel sure, in spite of its somewhat fragmentary condition, that the original description was incorrect. The cerebral and pleural ganglia are fused together, and the mass is only partly separable laterally into two lobes. The anterior aorta is attached to the remains of one of the pedal ganglia, and, from its contracted condition, was in the first instance mistaken for a pleuro- visceral counective. A. REYNELL. 68 PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Nore on Weprunrea Antrava. (Read 6th April, 1906.)—The variability of this species in form, size, and sculpture is proverbial. Jeffreys mentions four varieties, and as many as twelve monstrosities. Of the two specimens now exhibited, one is remarkable for its great size,. and the other on account of its rarity as an abnormality. The largest recorded dimensions are those given by Jeftreys, who says, “ Now and then giants are seen, 7 or 8 inches long,” the usual average size being about half that length. The present example is exactly 85 inches long, and with the protoconch (which is broken away) must have been nearly 9inches. The other specimen is an example of the Monstrum Babylonicum, which was described and figured by Captain Thomas Brown as Fusus Babylonicus in his ‘Illustrations of the Recent Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland,” p. 127, pl. lvii, fig. 19. He did, however, entertain some doubt of its specific distinctness, for he observed, “this shell has much the aspect of Musus antiqguus, and is probably only a lusus of that species.” He “found it on the strand, opposite Hull.” The present specimen came from Billingsgate Market, and has been presented to the British Museum by Mr. E. J. Field. Sinistral specimens of this species are very rare. Forbes and Hanley mention one as haviug been procured by Mr. G. B. Sowerby from off the mouth of the Thames, and the British Museum in 18435 purchased a small example said to have been found in Pegwell Bay, Kent. Sinistral examples have been casually quoted as occurring on the English coast, but Ido not find any actual records of individual specimens. Mr. B. B. Woodward has shown me a specimen in his collection found off Hastings, and Mr, A. Reynell also possesses an example, but he does not know where it was obtained. The Rev. Canon Norman also possesses two specimens. Mr. F. W. Harmer,' in a paper dealing with this species, observes : “ Reversed specimens of Veptunea antiqua are very occasionally met with on the English coast, but except that they are left-handed, they cannot be distinguished from the right-handed shells among which they occur. The sinistral forms of Vigo Bay (4. contraria) are, on the contrary, materially different from the dextral species of British or Arctic seas,” an opinion with which I fully concur. E. A. SMITH. ON THE NAME PILSBRYELLA, VON IneERtnG. (Read 6th April, 1906.)— A year ago, in the Proceedings of this Society (Vol. VI, p. 199), I proposed the name Pilsbryella as a section of Tomigerus, the paper being published in March, 1905. It has recently been brought to my notice that Herr Nierstrasz utilized the same term (Chitonen der Siboga Exped., p. 11) for a section of Lepidopleurus, his paper being published in January, 1905. I therefore propose to replace Pilsbryella, von Lhering, non Nierstrasz, by Cearellu, nom. nov. H. von IHERING. * Proc. Int. Congr. Zool., 1898, pp. 222-225, pl. iii. 69 DESCRIPTIONS OF THIRTY-ONE GASTROPODA AND ONE SCAPHOPOD FROM THE PERSIAN GULF AND GULF OF OMAN, DREDGED BY MR. F. W. TOWNSEND, 1902-1904. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. Read 9th March, 1906. PLATES VII anp VIII. Tur abyssal forms of molluscan life obtained beyond the 100 fathom limit in the Gulf of Oman seem almost inexhaustible, but the following descriptions well-nigh complete the series received up to the date of writing these lines, excepting indeed so far as the Pelecypoda are concerned. All of these, however, have at last been worked out, and a catalogue is in course of compilation by myself and Mr. R. Standen, and this we hope to publish without much further delay—a delay, I might add, that has been, from various causes, hitherto inevitable. Of the minute forms of Gastropoda in these seas, many are exceedingly rare and local, others abound in countless numbers. Another haul of the dredge from the prolific stations, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., at 156 fathoms, would no doubt have brought to light some wonderful species that perhaps now we may never see. Fragments, indeed, exist in the shell-sand of several unknown forms, not, unfortunately, in a condition to be described. One such is, perhaps, of the family Solariide, with flattened base, beautifully finely decussate surface, and curious deep and narrow umbilicus, but the upper whorls are entirely broken away. Two or three Pleurotomide are in similar unfortunate condition, and a few others besides, the families and genera of which can be but guessed at. I am informed by Mr. Townsend that the bringing up of this shell- sand was mainly due to an absolute accident, the anchor of the s.s. ‘ Patrick Stewart’? having dragged during the night, and stirred up the bottom ooze to an unusual extent. When the abyssal and benthal life is better known, I should not be surprised if it be found that the ‘minutiora’ eclipse the larger marine species numerically in the proportionate ratio of 3 : 1, or even ina still greater degree. ‘They are just as beautiful as —indeed, as a rule, more delicately sculptured than—their better known congeners, and, taken as a whole, do not seem to vary from their types to anything like the same extent. When once, therefore, their ‘ facies’ has been grasped, the task of discrimination and differentiation becomes easier than might be thought to be the case by those who have not yet studied them. When not otherwise stated, the locality for the following will be the one just quoted above, viz., in the Gulf of Oman at 156 fathoms. 70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY, I must just add, as on many previous occasions, my great indebtedness to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, I.8.0., of the British Museum (Natural History), to Mr. E. R. Sykes, F.L.S., Mr. G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., and Mr. R. Standen. Likewise to Messrs. B. R. Lucas, J. Wilfrid Jackson, and the Rey. Lewis Shackleford for haying so carefully sorted much of the shell-sand. ScaLARIA CANEPHORA,! n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 28. S. testa minuta, attenuata, gradato-fusiformi, alba, delicata, anfractibus 8, quorum 4 apicales ochracei, plus minus leeves, ceteris ad suturas multum impressis, longitudinaliter arcte oblique lamellatis, interstitiis sub lente spiraliter striatulis, ultimo infra medium subangulato, apertura rotunda, peristomate continuo, supra extus angulato. Long. 4, lat. 1:5 mm. This rare little Wentletrap, occurring as it did with so many other new forms of its genus, combines certain points of both S. gonvophora and thelcteria, M. & 8., being similar to the first-named in general form, though its smallness and greater attenuation of whorl at once distinguish it, while to the latter species (thelcteria) it assimilates in its decussating sculpture, though this characteristic is much finer, proportionately, in our species. Scatarra (CrrsorrEMa) Bona, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 29. S. testa fusiformi, crassa, albocinerea, rudi, varicosa, anfractibus ad 8, apicali . . . , ceteris apud suturas impressis, arcte rudilamellatis, lamellis obliquis, incrassatis, interstitiis leevibus, ultimo anfractu. versus basim = spiraliter unicarinata, apertura rotunda, peristomate continuo, percrasso. Long. 14, lat. 6 mm. A boldly constructed species, of the same alliance as S. diadema, Sowb., but the character of the lamelle is totally distinct, and the contour more fusiform. CrossEIaA ERYMA,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 1. C. testa perminima, profunde sed anguste umbilicata, alba, nitida, fere rotunda, solidula, compacta, anfractibus 5, quorum 2 apicales vitrei, levissimi, ceteris tumidulis, apud suturas impressis, undique arctissime et delicate spiraliter striatis, ultimo ventricoso-univaricoso, globulari, circa umbilicum concentrice crassicarinato, apertura rotunda, labro incrassato, fere continuo, albo, columella excavata. Long. 2, lat. 1:15 mm. A very small but elaborate little species, belonging to a genus which has, so far, had few exponents brought to light. The only species near this shell would seem to be C. striata, Boog Watson, from Cape York, N. Australia. The bordered umbilicus is the same in both species, but the spiral strize appear fine and closer in C. eryma, and the base is not so produced. 1 avnpopos, ‘ basket-bearing,’ from the fine cancellations. * &puua, ‘a bulwark,’ from the strong umbilicar keel. PpuULa, > 5 MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. ral Fossarvs (Cournouyia) EupMeEtus,' n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 2. F. (Couthouyia) testa minima, alba, delicata, vix perforata, ovata, anfractibus 5, quorum apicalis levis, vitreus, ceteris ad suturas canaliculatis, undique spiraliter et uniformiter crassiliratis, interstitiis squarrose cancellatis et fenestratis, ultimo cirea regionem umbilicarem incrassato, fortiter carinulato, apertura ovata, labro extus 6-8 erenulato, columella excavata, apud basim paullum callosa, Long. 2, lat. 1:5 mm. A very small and delicate species, which I think has nearly, if not quite, attained full growth. It resembles Couthouyia insignis, Nevill, but the aperture is smaller and rounder proportionately, and there is hardly any umbilicar perforation, the sculpture being somewhat similar. Disa TRILIRATA, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 3. D. testa minuta, pyramidata, levi, nitida, perforata, anfractibus 8, quorum apicales 2 globosi, vitre1, ceteris apud suturas canaliculato- impressis, superne brunneo vel castaneo sparsim maculatis, maculis paucis squarrosulis, ultimo anfractu ad peripheriam acute carinato, earinulis vel liris tribus contiguis preedito, ad basim angulatim prolongato, apertura ovata, labro paullum effuso, columella recta. Long. 2, lat. 1:15 mm. Characterized by its small size, diamond shape, the body-whorl acutely keeled at the periphery, thrice lirate in all. It is obscurely marked with distant squarish brown or chestnut blotches, just below the sutures, otherwise is smoothish and immaculate. Dva/a is some- times considered as a genus on its own merits, sometimes as a mere appanage of Litiopa, Rang. CERITHIOPSIS MATHILD&FoRMIS, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 4. C. angustissime fusiformi, minuta, albida, vel hic illic brunneo- sparsa, rugosa, anfractibus 9— 10, apice mamillato, parvo, levi, czeteris multum apud suturas impressis, ventricosis, quatuor lis spiralibus rugosis accinctis, undique longitudinaliter obscure costulatis, juncturis costularum lirar umque eemmatis, ultimo anfractu quinque iris predito, apertura subrotunda, labro tenui, columella fere recta. Long. 3°15, lat 1 mm. (sp. max.). A very minute, narrow, yet rugged species, with some resemblance to a Mathilda in miniature, hence the proposed specific name. Eviima nisonipa,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig E. testa fusiformi, subtrapeziformi, nitida, alba, polita, omnino levissima, solida, anfractibus 12-18, quorum 2 apicales parvi, globulares, ceteris ad suturas paullulum impressis, fascia lactea interna | infra, juxta suturas spiraliter solum videnda, ultimo anfractu apud peripheriam angulato, apertura ovata, labro extus paullum incrassato, columella recta “apud basim producta. Long. 6, lat. 2 mm. ' evdunrtos, ‘ well-fashioned.’ 2 Nisonida, trom its likeness to a species of Niso, Risso. u2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY Angled at the periphery of the body-whorl, this typical Hulima much resembles in form Vso venosa, Sowb., from the same region, the var. pura of this species occurring sparingly in the same shell- sand. But there is no umbilicar perforation present, and the affinity is merely superficial. Two or three examples have, so far, alone occurred. It is of the same alliance as #. Shoplandi, Melv., and FE. Gentilomiana, Issel, but the peripheral angle gives distinctive characters. Kuta noes, nsp. Bl VUly hiea7. E. testa parva, aciculata, ad medium leniter incurva, subpellucida, lacteo-vitrea, perleevi, delicata, anfractibus ad 10, quorum apicales 2-3 nitentes, vitrei, levissimi, ceteris ad suturas parum impressis, arctis, condensatis, apertura anguste oblonga, labro tenui, simplice, columella obliqua. Long. 3, lat. °75 mm. One of the smallest of ‘the venus, but not the least interesting, being allied to the European £. Philippii, Weink., also known as distor ta, Phil. non Defrance, and ineurva, Renieri. I have closely compared it with this variable species. It occurred but sparingly in shell-sand, and its discovery is due to the energetic sifting of Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson. MoumioLa EPIBATHRA,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 5. M. testa minuta, angusta, fusiformi, alba, rimata, delicata, anfrac- tibus 6-7, quorum apicales vitrei, leves, paullum planati, ceteris fortiter gradatis, arcte sed indistincte longitudinaliter costulatis, spiraliter arctissime striatis, apertura ovato-rotunda, labro paullum effuso, columella fere recta. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. A puzzling form, occurring extremely rarely in shell-sand. I am not sure as to its proper location, but in several ways Mumiola seems best suited to it. The peculiarly flattened apex is curious; the mouth, too, is small, proportionately speaking. Mocronatia BizonuLa, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 31. M. testa minuta, attenuata, fusiformi, lvissima, polita, tenui, subvitrea, anfractibus 8, quorum 4 mamillati, caudati, irregulares, yitrei, ochrotincti, ceteris ad suturas vyix impressis, levibus, spiraliter zona brunnea cingul: atis, ultimo bicingulato, peristomate tenui, ad suturam paullulum sinuato et effuso, ad basim producto, columella obliqua. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. A very minute, attenuately fusiform species, the upper whorls spirally once rufous or brown-banded, bizoned on the body-whorl, after the fashion of certain Liostrace. A very few specimens have, so far, been found. Indeed, the three Iucronaliea that occur together in the dredging at 156 fathoms are all of decidedly rare occurrence. 1 SaBds, ‘bent, incurved.’ 2 émiBdbpa, ‘a scaling ladder,’ from the gradate whorls. MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC, Ue Mvucronabia LEPiIpA,! n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig d ’ to) M. testa parva, ovato-fusiformi, vitrea, delicata, lactea, polita, levigata, anfractibus 8-9, quorum 3-4 apicales parvi, mamillati, apice ipso heterostropho, ceteris ad suturas vix impressis, rapide accrescentibus, anfractu ultimo tertiam totius longitudinis partem prebente, apertura ovata, labro paullum incrassato, Solaris crassa, simplice. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. A neatly-for med ’ Mucronalia, of thicker and more compact substance than its ally, IL, oxytenes, Mely., from the same locality. SyRNOLA APERANTA,”? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 9 S. testa attenuato-fusiformi, alba, nitida, polita, solidiuscula, anfractibus ad 10-11, quorum apicales 2 parvi, quam maxime heterostrophi, vitreo - globulares, ceteris apud suturas multum canaliculato-impressis, et paullum gradatis, quatuor ultimis anfractibus rectis, uniformibus, ultimo paullum producto, apertura ovato-rotunda, labro hand effuso, ad basim producto, margine columellari recto, fortiter uniplicato. Long. 6, lat. 1°25 mm. This species might easily be confounded with Aulimella carmanica, M. & S., which occurs with it in equal plenty. It is, however, of a more gracefully attenuate contour, with aperture smaller proportion- ately. The columella, too, is strongly once-plicate, in the Lulimella it is simple. SyRwoLa cLAVELLosA,® n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 10. S. testa parva, alba, nitida, polita, angusto-fusiformi, solidula, anfractibus 9-10, quorum 2-3 apicales magnopere heterostrophi, conspicui, bulboso-globulares, eseteris apud suturas canaliculato- impressis, lineis internis 4-5 spiraliter preeditis, apertura ovata, labro paullum producto, margine columellari fortiter uniplicata. Long. 4:5, Jat. 1 mm. A very narrowly fusiform species, the heterostrophe apical whorls unusually swollen, globular, club-like, and conspicuous in proportion to the size of the shell. The internal spiral lines, showing opaquely through the surface, are four or five in number, broadest just below the sutures. Very faint spiral chestnut banding appears in some specimens. It is one of the smallest Syrnole@, and not, I think, very comparable with other forms of the genus. Turponrtta (Pyreosryris) Detra, nsp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 30 T. testa breviter fusiformi, minuta, albo-straminea, anfractibus 8, quorum 2 apicales globulosi, vitrei, subleves, ceteris ad suturas multum impressis, tumidulis, arcte leevicostatis, interstitiis levissimis, apertura ovali, peristomate subeffuso, continuo, columella obscure plicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Bushire, 6-10 fathoms. Conspicuous for its ventricose whorls, yellowish colour, and shortened spire. | Lepidus, ‘neat, pleasing. amépaytos, ‘ countless,’ from its frequency. 3 Clavellosa, dim. ot elavus, ‘a club,’ from the form. 1 2 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Tursonitta Hermia, n.sp. Pl. VIL, Fig. 11. T. testa compresso-fusiformi, alba, nitida, anfractibus 9-11, quorum 2 apicales omnino heterostrophi, globulares, vitrei, c#teris ad suturas impressis, leevibus, paullulum ventricosulis, undique longi- tudinaliter levicostatis, costis arctis, nitidis, numero ultimum apud anfractum circiter 18, interstitiis sub lente delicatissime spiraliter striatis, apertura ovata, labro tenui, fere recto, columella obscure uniplicata. Long. 4°5, lat. 1:°25mm., sp. maj.; long. 4, lat. 1 mm., sp. min. Hitherto confounded with 7. terebrina, Melv., which, first discovered by Mr. Abercrombie at Bombay, has been found to occur in the Gulf of Oman also, this new species, one of the most distinct of the many affecting this region, may be recognized by its compressedly fusiform build and 9-11 whorls, the lower ones mostly somewhat pinched in towards the centre, causing a slightly sinuous contour. The fine spiral striations may serve to distinguish it at once from the perfectly smooth 7. terebrina The columella is very obscurely once plicate, showing a possible transition to, and link with, Pyrgulina. The study of the Turbonille, in these seas, as elsewhere, presents numberless difficulties, especially as regards the dastlica-sororia section, which abound in every dredging, and vary to a considerable extent. The form of the heterostrophe apex may serve as an index to specific character, but it is most likely that the ¢7 and Q present. shell- modifications difficult—indeed, with our present state of knowledge almost impossible—to grasp. Baia (PYRGULINA) HERVIERIOIDES, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 12. O. (Pyrgulina) testa angusta, minima, alba, cylindracea, nitida, anfractibus 63, quorum 1} apicales vitrei, heterostrophi, globulosi, ceteris fere rectis, apud suturas paullum impressis, undique longitudi- naliter costulatis, costulis rectis, crassis, numero ad 16 ultimum apud anfractum, interstitiis levibus, apertura ovata, peristomate continuo, extus fere recto, columella uniplicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. Minute, white, the straight longitudinal riblets being thick and large, proportionately speaking, with the interstices quite smooth. In miniature, much resembling superficially Herviera asidel/a,’ M. & St., .from the New Caledonian region, or Hlusa livida, Sowb.,*? from the Philippine Islands, which is, I consider, synonymous with H. isidella, Indeed, these may all some day be relegated to the same genus. Onostomia (Pyr@uLiIna) TENERRIMA, nsp. Pl. VII, Fig. 13. (Pyrgulina) testa minutissima, alba, fusiformi, delicata, an- ee 4—5, quorum 1-2 apicales planato-globosi, ‘vitrei, ceteris eradatulis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis prominulis, superne angu- latis, interstitiis levibus, apertura ovata, labro fere recto, ad suturam angulato, columella paullum excavata, obscure uniplecata. Long. 1°75, lat. 0-5 mm. ' Journ. of Conch., vol. ix (1899), p. 186, fig. 2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv (19U1), p. 210, pl. xxii, fig. 8. Proc. Matac. Soc Vor Nil Pow. 14. 1 A.H. Searle, del et: lith. Huth imp NEWeRSPECIEG Oh GASTROPODA, &c) FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, AND GULF OF OMAN. iG) — (op) fod MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. 73 The minutest mollusk yet discovered in the Persian Gulf region, but, nevertheless, beautiful in form, being four to five-whorled, scalato- gradate, longitudinally ribbed, ribs numbering about 12 on the body- whorl, the interstices being smooth. The lip is angled above, nearly straight otherwise, columella slightly excavate. But three or four examples have so far occurred, but so tiny an organism can easily be overlooked. Ovosrom1a (Pyrevtina) THELXINOA,' n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 14. O. (Pyrgulina) testa perminuta, angusta, gradatula, cylindrica, alba, nitida, anfractibus 6~7, quorum duo apicales heterostrophi, vitrei, globulosi, ceteris apud suturas multum impressis, undique longitudi- naliter costulatis, costulis fere rectis, delicatis, interstitiis sub lente spiraliter arcte striatis, apertura oblique ovata, labro paullum effuso, continuo, columella uniplicata. Long. 2, lat. -75 mm. This and the preceding Pyrgulina occurred almost equally rarely. Their extremely small size, and, in the case of P. thelxinoa, its neatly turreted or gradate whorls, will serve to distinguish them from their allies. Oposromra (Mrrarpa) ma,’ nsp. Pl. VII, Fig. 15. M. testa ovato-fusiformi, compressa, solidula, albida, anfractibus 6, quorum 2 apicales leves, heterostrophi, ceteris apud suturas bene impressis, subcanaliculatis, superne apud medium anfractuum costatis, trinis gemmularum ordinibus decoratis, costulis infra evanidis, sed, penultimo et antepenultimo anfractibus una, ultimo multis ad basim liris fortibus spiraliter accinctis, interstitiis sulculosis, apertura ovata, labro extus crasso, paullum effuso, columella uniplicata, Long. 2°5, Tat. 1. A charming little species, nearly allied to IZ diadema, A. Ad., from Japan, and which has been also reported from Indian seas. It is more compact, and stouter proportionately than either this or the allied M. gemma, A. Ad., the disposition of gemmuled riblets on the upper portion of the whorls, and spiral lire on the lower, being identical. T would also take this opportunity of stating that two allied species from the Persian Gulf, described in 1903 by Mr. Standen and myself as Acteopyramis latitia and brevicula,? would be better located in the genus Dhralda. CoLuMBELLA (SEMINELLA) comisrEa,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 16. C. testa minuta, obesa, utrinque attenuata, solida, levi, pallide straminea, anfractibus 6, quorum 3: apicales vitrei, leves, citeris undique longitudinaliter costulatis, aliter levissimis, ultimo pyriformi, ad basim maxime attenuato, et spiraliter lirato-suleata, costulis dorsaliter inferne evanidis, apertura angustissima, labro incrassato, nitido, arcuato, columella sinuata, ad basim attenuata, producta. Long. 3, lat. 1mm., sp. maj. 1 @eA€ivoos, * charming.’ 2 Imus, in sense of ‘ abyssal.’ 8, sens abyssal. 3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii (1903), p. 309, pl. xxi, figs. 3, 4. * Komoréos, ‘ brought forward.’ VOL. VII.—JUNE, 1906. 6 76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Many examples were obtained of this small Columbella, of the same alliance as C. selasphora, phaula, M. & 8., atornella, Duclos, ete., but | differing in greater smoothness, even aon size, pyriform shape, i much attenuated at either extremity, and exceedingly narrow orifice. It is perhaps nearest to C. troglodytes, Souv., but that species is slightly larger, say long. 4, and not quite so narrowed at either extremity. Nassa (AtEcTRyoN) gactaBunDa,! n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 17. N. testa obeso-pyramidali, paullum inflata, pallide straminea, versus | apicem rapide attenuata, anfractibus 9, quorum 2 apicales leves, tertio sub lente levi, unicarinato, ceteris ad suturas paullum gradatis, arcte longitudinaliter costulatis, costis interdum irregularibus, numero | costarum ultimum ad anfractum circa 19, spiraliter undique arctissime liratis, lirarum ordinibus duobus superne, infra suturas, magnis, | tumidis, ad costas gemmulatis, interdum hic illic paucimaculatis, maculis brunneo-cinereis, apertura ovata, alba, labro effuso, albo, | crassiusculo, nitido, intus perindistinete denticulato, columella nitida, | alba, excavata, ad basim truneatula, canali breyi. Long. 18, lat. 10 mm. | Hab.—Persian Gulf. To XN. tdyllia, M. & S.,* from the Gulf of Oman, this bears a certain | resemblance, but is more than half as large again, and a less delicately sculptured species, with spire more acute and lip less thickened. I am indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby, not only for the specimens, but for his critical opinion on its merits as a species. MareIneLta (VoLvaRIA) AMypROzoNA,® n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 18. M. testa cylindrica, attenuata, nitidissima, polita, subdiaphana, | pallide stramineo-fusca, vel, rarius, albo-viridescente, spira omnino } callose immersa, ultimo anfractu supra medium indistinctissime spiraliter unizonato, zona castanea, apertura angusta, intus straminea, labro fere recto, ad medium inflexo, columella triplicata. Long. 8, lat. 2°5 mm. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat, 15 fathoms (1901-2). A narrow, cylindrical, bulloid species of Volvaria, shining, pale, | either straw-coloured, fulvous, or, more rarely, greenish white. The- outer lip and columella are callously reflected to such a degree over the spire that total immersion is the result, otherwise the lip is} straight, somewhat inflected over the aperture towards the centre, | receding again when nearing the base, the columella being white, | shining, thrice plaited. There is a very obscure rufous or chestnut | zone slightly above the centre of the body-whorl, extending spirally | around it. MareineLtta (VoLvartaA) EUMoRPHA,’ n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 19. M. testa nitidissima, levigata, polita, oblongo-cylindrica, albida vel | pallide stramineo-brunnea, subpellucida anfractibus 5, quorum apicales Jactabundus, ‘storm-tossed,’ from the wave-like costae. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1901, vol. ii, pp. 410, 411, pl. xxiii, fig. 12. auvdpds, Cévn, trom the indistinct central band. evuopoos, * beautifully tormed.’ MELVILL: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. GU conici, apice ipso magno, omnino leyissimis, ultimo spiraliter obscure trizonato, zonis rufulis, apertura oblonga, labro incrassato, nitido, simplice, columella obliqua, 4-plicata. Long. 9, lat. 4 mm. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat, 15 fathoms (1902). Allied to MZ. ( Volvaria) secalina, Phil. ., a Mediterranean species, of which JL nitida, Hinds, wrongly included i in the subgenus Cryptospira, Hinds, by Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. v, p. 34), is perhaps a variety. M. avena, Valenc., from the Antilles ; feninta, Sowb., from the Cape de Verd Islands; and Verdensis, E. A. Sm., are likewise near allies; indeed, Mr. Standen and I included this species under the latter name in our general catalogue of Persian Gulf species, and it must now be eliminated, and the name eumorpha substituted. JL. gracilis, C. B. Ad., another West Indian shell, is akin, but our species is not so attenuate. I am much indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for first having called my attention to these two Volvari@, and especially for his having carefully compared them with existing types and specimens in our national collection. ? Dettira Taisen, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 20. D. testa parva, fusiformi, alba, solida, anfractibus 6, quorum 3 apicales vitrei, perleves, ceteris undique spiraliter densiliratis, liris crassis, interstitiis sub lente obscure longitudinaliter striatulis, apertura ovato-oblonga, labro paullum effuso, columella fere recta, simplice. Long. 6, lat. 1°75 mm. Only a few examples occurred of this white, fusiform little species, very likely not full-grown. The close spiral lire conspicuously covering the whole surface, and the absence of sutural impression, are the chief characteristics. It resembles no other Persian Gulf or Arabian Sea species, excepting, perhaps, D. evreumvertens, M. & St., -and in a lesser degree D. audax, from the same locality. It has been suggested that it may be the juvenile form of a Buecinoid species, but I am inclined to hold to its being a member of the Pleurotomidee. Maneitia prpticara, n.sp. Pl, VIII, Fig M. testa parva, alba vel albo-straminea, ovato-fusiformi, solidula, _anfractibus 7-8, quorum 2-3 apicales levissimi, straminei, nitidi, _vitrei, ceteris ad medium angulatis, et carina inferiore infra medium, juxta suturas, undique lonsitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis ultimi ‘anfractus numero ad 9, spiraliter liratis, liris paucis, crassiusculis, ultimo ad basim multilirato, apertura ovata, sinu perlato, labro paullum “Incrassato, intus tridenticulato, columella conspicue biplicata, canali paullum producto. Long. 7, lat. 2 mm., sp. maj. ; long. 4, lat. 1 mm., sp. min. __ Varying much in size, as is seen by the dimensions given above, {this small Mangilia belongs to the same alliance as spurca, Hinds, » soror, Smith, inhabiting flies same seas. Such as these, howev er, are | giants compared with even the largest example of this pigmy form. Dapunetzta Saprina, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 22. D. testa ovato-fusiformi, delicata, alba, pulcherrime cancellata, anfractibus 8, quorum 3- 4 apicales ochracei, arcte et minutissime - decussati, ceteris apud suturas impressis, antepenultimo spiraliter 78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. | bi-, penultimo tri-, ultimo anfractu quinque-carinato, undique longitudinaliter arctissime et oblique liratis, interstitiis quadratis, leevibus, apertura lata, ovata, canali paullum producto, labro tenui, effuso, columella fere recta, sinu lato, haud profundo. Long. 4, lat. 3 mm., sp. maj. A peculi: ily select and highly sculptured Daphnella, unlike any other form hitherto recorded from these seas. Some similitude with D. ( Taranis) Mérchi, Malm, from Northern European seas and Gulf of Mexico, may be traced. Nearly all the specimens are imperfect, and greater size is probably ultimately attained than is afforded in the present material. Dapanewta (PLevRoTOMELLA) Atcesstis, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig D. testa ovato-fusiformi, delicatissima, parva, alba, vel pallide straminea, anfractibus 6-7, quorum apicales 3-4 pulcherrime decussato- cancellati, ochracei, ceteris ad suturas bene impressis, ventricosis, undique longitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis obliquis, spiraliter tenuiliratis, liris paucis, ad juncturas costarum gemmuliferis, ultimo anfractu apud basim producto, apertura fusoide, oblonga, labro tenui, canali lato. Long. 6, lat. 1:5 mm. ' A delicate fusoid Daphnella, not perhaps quite adult, but the six or eight examples that occurred were all much of the same size. It seems almost exactly intermediate, as regards texture, between D. Lucasti and Clathurella amphiblestrum, Melv., from the same locality, being in form like the former, from which it chiefly differs in the presence of longitudinal ribs and different quality of spiral sculpture, from the latter in general form, and, especially, more extended canal. It is more than probable that Cl. amphiblestr um, as well as Mangilia ecphora, Melv., should be classed among the Daphnelle as of the | subgenus Pleurotomella, Verrill. The eight allied species as yet | differentiated from the Persian Gulf region might be placed thus:— | Pleurotomella itama, n.sp. Pl, Lucasit, Melv.: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi, p. 167, pl. x, fig. 25 (1904), Pl. Alcestis, n.sp. Pl. amphiblestrum, Melv. ( Clathurella): Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. vi, p 958, pl. v, fig. 7 (1904). Pl. Nereidum, M. & St.: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, p. 315, pl. xxiii, fig. 2 (1903), Pl. Amphitrites, M. & St.: l.c., p. 316, pl. xxiii, fig. 3 (1903). Pl. Kulimenes, Mely.: Journ. of Malac., vol. xi, p. 84, pl. viii, fig. 15 | (1904). Pl. ecphora, Melv. (Mangilia): Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. vi, p. 58, pl. v, fig. 5 (1904). Dapunetya (PLEUROTOMELLA) rraMa,? n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 24. D. testa parva, fusiformi, pallide straminea vel brunnea, asperata, anfractibus 7-8, quorum 3 4 apicales ochracei, ventricosi, pulcherrime | ‘I ' Cf. Sars, Moll. Norveg., pl. xvii, fig. 8 2 trapds, ‘ bold.’ MELVILL: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, EUc, (6s) reticulati et decussati, ceteris ad suturas impressis, ad medium angulatis, longitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis paucis, ultimi anfractus ad 8, spiraliter undique arcte liratis, liris filosis, apertura ovata, labro paullum effuso, canali paullum producto, columella simplice. Long. 6, lat. 2 mm. With the superficial appearance of a Clathurella, this little Pleurotomid, from its three to four ventricose-whorled, beautifully eancellate protoconch, seems well included in Pleurotomella, Vermill. It is allied to such a species as Pl. Packardi, Vervill & Smith, the form Verrilli of which is tigured! by Dr. Dall. Not of very frequent occurrence, and I hardly think the specimens obtained adult. The longitudinal ribs are remarkably incrassate, and are crossed by the spiral lire, which give a roughened appearance to the whole surtace. Cynicana coLtyra,? n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 25. ©. testa parva, umbilicata, cylindrica, alba, nitida, sub lente delicatissime spiraliter striata, lateribus rectis, compressiusculis, apertura angustissima, ad basim latiore, labro tenui, columella uniplicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm. Much like @. cylindracea, Pennant, in miniature, this being also found in the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman; I think it, however, distinct. A large number of examples occurred, all of the same size, and with no intermediates. N.B.—The opportunity may be here a good one to state that Cylichna Bushirensis, M. & St., described in 1901, is undoubtedly a Scaphander, and will stand thus :— ScapHanpDEeR Busurrensis, M. & St. Cylichna Bushirensis, M. & St.: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901, vol. ii, pp. 454, 455, pl. xxiv, fig. 21. Hab.—Persian Gulf, Bushire and near Fao; Gulf of Oman, Maskat, 15 fathoms, also at 208 and 146 fathoms. VotvuLa compacta, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 26. V. testa parva, ovata, compacta, alba, levigata, postice obtuse producta, antice rotundata, sub lente spiraliter arcte et tenuissime striata, apertura angusta, antice dilatata, labro fere recto, columella apud basim crassiuscula, uniplicata. Long. 275, lat. 1°25 mm. A somewhat solid, compact little shell, the posterior labial extension obtuse and abbreviate, while the outer lip is slightly thickened and rounded at the base, the columella being once-plaited. Surface white, shining, the whole surface exceedingly finely and microscopically striate. No species known to me shows so oval an outline. It was abundant in shell-sand, with another species, which 1 cannot separate from the common British and Mediterranean V. acuminata, Brug., which, under various names, seems ubiquitous throughout the Northern Hemisphere, both of the Old and New World. 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., xxix, pt. 2, p. 119, pl. xiv, fig. 4. * «oAAvpa, ‘a roll.’ 80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PARASTROPHIA FILUM,! n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 27. P. testa minuta, fere recta, versus apicem incuryo-sinuata, alba, lactea, levigata, sub lente indefinite et obscurissime spiraliter arcti- striata, regione apicali caudata, attenuata, apice ipso globulari, retuso, parvo, apertura rotunda, haud incrassato, tenui. Long. 3, lat. -075 mm, Of very infrequent occurrence, but most likely overlooked, owing, not only to its microscopical dimensions, but also to its verisimilitude to a small Creseés or other Pteropod, multitudes of which occur in the same shell-sand. P. Challengeri, de Folin,? is of quite different form, as is P. Asturiana,® also of de Folin, the new species being more attenuate, with apex smaller proportionately, and the concentric spiral striation very nearly obsolete, though its presence is observable with aid of a very powerful lens, at all events centrally. There is one acutely defined annulus at the distance of, say, half a millimetre from the apex ; with this exception the whole surface is smooth, the mouth being hardly oblique. Caputus campytvus,‘ n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 32. C. testa perparva, apud medium crassiore, arcuata, utrinque attenuata, ad apicem posteriorem magnopere angusta, apertura rotunda, margine paullum obliquo, tenui. Long. 3, diam. oris +05, apicales ‘025 mm. A very small, white, and shining Cadulus, particularly narrowed posteriorly, while thickened and elbowed out towards the centre. The aperture is round, with slightly oblique margin. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Puate VII. Fig. Fig. 1. Crosscia eryma, Sp. 10. S. elavellosa, n.sp. 2. Fossarus (Couthouyia) eudmetus,n.sp. 11. Turbonilla Hermia, n.sp. 3. Diala trilirata, n.sp. 12. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) hervieriordes, 4. Cerithiopsis mathildeformis, n.sp. n.Sp. 5. Mumiola epibathra, u.sp. 13. O. (P.) tenerrima, n.sp. 6. Eulima nisonida, n.sp. 14. O. (P.) thelxinoa, n.sp. 7. E. rheba, n.sp. 15. O. (Miralda) ima, n.sp. 8. Mucronalia lepida, n.sp. 16. Columbella (Seminella) comistea, n.sp. 9. Syrnoia aperanta, n.sp. 17. Nassa (Alectryon) jactabunda, n.sp. PLATE VY UT: 18. Marginella( Volvaria) amydrozona,u.sp. 26. Volvula compacta, n.sp. 19. M. (V.) ewmorpha, n.sp. 27. Parastrophia filum, n.sp. 20. Drilia Thisbe, n.sp. 28. Sealaria canephora, u.sp. 21. Mangilia biplicata, n.sp. 29. S. (Cirsotrema) bona, n.sp. 22. Daphnella Sabrina, n.sp. 30. Lurbonilla (Pyrgostylis) Delia, n.sp. 23. D. (Plewrotomella) Alcestis, n.sp. dl. Mueronalia bizonula, n.sp. 24. D. (P.) itama, n.sp. 32. Cadulus campylus, n.sp. 25. Cylichna collyra, n.sp. 1 Filum, ‘a thread,’ from the appearance. 2 Rep. ‘‘ Challenger ”’ Exped., vol. xv, Zool., p. 681. Les Fonds de la Mer, vol. i, pp. 172, 218, pl. xxix, fig. 7. 4 Kaumvads, ‘ bent.’ wo ~ ~~ = = _ sigs Proc. Mauac. Soc. Vou. VIL Pr. VI. rae oe i oa — cher ate ao. A.H. Searle, del et Lith, NEW SPECIES OF GASTROPODA, &c, FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, AND GULF OF OMAN. a CAPULUS LISSUS, SMITH, AS TYPE OF A PROPOSED NEW SUBGENUS (MALLUVIUM) OF AMALTHEA, SCHUMACHER. By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. Read 9th March, 1906. In 1894 Mr. Edgar Smith described! an abyssal mollusc, from the Bay of Bengal, dredged during the cruise of H.M. Indian Marine Survey steamer ‘ Investigator,” Commander C. F. Oldham, R.N., at a depth of 90-102 fathoms. To this he gave the name of Capulus lissus. Since that date Mr. F. W. Townsend has procured, from various stations in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, to be enumerated subsequently, more voluminous material, including live examples mm siti, and exhibiting considerable variety. I know, therefore, that the author will allow me to further extend his original description to suit the larger specimens now before me, and also to propound reasons for considering this species as rather appertaining to Amalthea, Schum. (= HMipponyx, Defrance). Mr. Smith rightly lays stress upon the complete absence of radiating sculpture. In all the species of either genus (Amalthea or Capulus) known to me, this sculpture is present, and accordingly, to whichever of these this mollusc belongs, that fact in either case attains equal predominance. Mr. Townsend dredged C. déssus either dead, in shell-sand, mostly small imperfect examples, at a considerable depth, or alive, on Rostellaria delicatula, Nevill (Fig. 1), and especially Conus planiliratus, Sowb. (Fig. 4). On this latter it was gregarious, forming colonies of life ; and usually a small example is found to have attached itself to the dorsal surface of, very probably, its parent. But the most interesting discovery was that of a few examples obtained at 122 fathoms in the Gulf of Oman in 1903, when the larger ones were found adhering to the spines of a Cidaris (Figs. 2, 3), invariably attended by a small, but normally shaped, offspring, attached dorsally, while they themselves had assumed a narrow oblong form, having become adapted to the attenuate spine they had affected. Contracted as they thus were, it was nevertheless necessary, as they still overlapped considerably at the base, to deposit shelly matter, formed out on both sides, thus creating a basal plate, of considerable solidity and thickness. This is a characteristic of the genus 4Amalthea, Schum., rather than of Capulus, Montfort, as the foot of the latter genus does not ever secrete a shelly base. 1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv (1894), p. 166. 82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. It at once occurred to me that I had recently somewhere noticed figures much resembling these, and a brief search soon revealed the fact that during the ‘‘ Blake”? Expedition a very near ally of C. dissus was obtained, which was described by Dr. Dall under the name of Amalthea benthophila,' and towards the close of this paper I propose to touch upon this species also in fuller detail. There can be but little moral doubt but that this Western species is a New World exponent of the Oriental C. dissus, and is congeneric with it; and I am inclined to go even further than this, and to propose that a i qpee 0 fl ¢) & 1) rae i eS I — = = 1 2 3 4 the unusual smoothness of surface and want of radiating sculpture are worthy of subgeneric distinction, as follows :— AMALTHEA, Schum. Amalthea, Schumacher, Essai, pp. 56, 181, pl. xxi, fig. 4 (1817). Hipponyx, Detrance, Bulletin Soc. Philom., p. 9 (1819). MALLUVIUM,? nov. subgen. Ab Amalthea typica differt superficie omnino levigata, interdum alba, interdum longitudinaliter bi- vel tri-radiato colorata, radiis cinnamomeis vel castaneis, apertura ovata vel circulari, intus albida, margine tenui, lamina basali tenui, vel, interdum, solida. Type: Capulus lissus, E. A. Smith. 1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., xviii, No. 29; pt. 2, p. 289, pl. xiv, figs. la—0. 2 Mailuvium, a basin. MELVILL: ON WALLUVIUM, 83 1. AmatrHEa Lissa (EK. A. Smith). Capulus lissus, KE. A. Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv (1894), p. 166, pl. iv, figs. 4-6. The following is the author’s original description :— ‘Testa pileiformis, apice postice valde recurvato, sordide alba vel dilutissime rufescens, lineis incrementi striata, haud radiatim sculpta, anfractus 38, apicales duo (nucleus) globosi, leves; apex pone sed supra marginem aperture convolutus ; apertura irregulariter rotunde ovata, pallide fuscescens; peristoma tenue, margine infra apicem incrassato. ‘Diam. maj. 11 millim., min. 8, alt. 54; apertura 8+ longa, 7 lata. ‘¢ Hab.—Bay of Bengal, 90-102 fathoms. ‘«'The chief characteristic of this species is the absence of radiating sculpture, a feature common to most species of the genus Capulus.”— Ee: A. S. To this description it only remains to add that the larger and well- grown examples dredged by Mr. Townsend exhibit in nearly every ease longitudinal cinnamon or pale rufous rays, thus ornamenting the shining white surface, which 1s hardly ever covered with any, even slight, vestiges of the very fugitive pale-brown epidermis. And, as before mentioned, the shelly basal plate has been, for the first time, detected. Additional localities for this species are as follows :—Persian Gulf ; Gulf of Oman; lat. 24° 6’ N., long. 57° 30’ E., 206 fathoms, on Gorgonia, Rostellaria, and Conus planiliratus, Sowb.; lat. 25° 54’ N., long. 60° 20’ E., 60 fathoms, on Conus mostly; lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms, dead, and small, colourless, in shell-sand; also lat. 24° 75’ N., long. 56° 75’ E., 122 fathoms, on spines of Hehini. 2. AMALTHEA BEN'THOPHILA, Dall. Amalthea benthophila, Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., vol. xviii, No. xxix, pt. 2, p. 289, pl. xiv, figs. la—é. Hub.—India occidentalis. ‘‘ Off Sand Key, 50 fathoms. St. Kitts, 245 fathoms. Near Nevis, 373 fathoms. Guadeloupe, 175 fathoms, on spines of Avhint. Martinique, 170 fathoms, also on Zchinus spines. St. Vincent, 146 fathoms, on shells. Bottom temperatures 45° to sor 1.” The following is Dr. Dall’s description :— “Shell stout, white, smooth, with a smooth straw - coloured epidermis, and a coil of about two whorls. Apex elevated, nucleus glassy, rather large, of about one whorl; surface smooth, often polished, showing only irregularities due to growth, and a few microscopic spiral scratches, aperture subcircular, interior white, glossy, basal plate sometimes quite thin, as when the mollusc is seated on a flat stone, or on another Ama/thea, or quite thick, as when it rests on a Ciduris spine. It is marked with two diverging impressions, corresponding to the position of the adductors. Lat. aperture 8-0, long. ditto 8:0, alt. 6-0 mm. “This species, by its smooth surface, is easily distinguished from any other. The irregularities of the Hchinus spines are not reproduced 84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. on the surface of the shell, as its pedestal, secreted by the foot, covers all such irregularities. I cannot help doubting if there is any such connection between the base and the adductors as exists between the latter and the shell. The irregularities of the specimens living on a smooth surface indicate that they are not absolutely fixed to one spot, at least not more than Gadinia or Crepidula when young. If the adductors were organically attached to the base it would be death to the animal to move.” I think it has been well worth while giving the above descriptive remarks nv extenso for the sake of comparison, if for no other cause. Most probably these two species are descended from a common ancestor, there being so many close points of similitude; but, while so nearly allied to each other, they are abundantly distinct from the typical section of the genus. NOTES ON A HOLOCENE DEPOSIT AT HARLTON, CAMBS. By the Rev. R. Asuineron Butten, B.A,, F.L.S., F.G.S. Read 9th Mareh, 1906. THe mollusca noticed in this brief communication were found by the veteran geologist the Rev. Osmond Fisher, F.G.S., and Mr. T. Kh. H. Garrett, of Jesus College, Cambridge, in the parish of which the former is Rector. In the same parish occurred the Holocene deposit of Romano- British date, near Butler’s Spinney, previously (1908) described by me before this Society. This deposit yielded HZ. arbustorum, Linn., in great abundance, and is the solitary recorded locality (up to the present time) for the occurrence in Cambridgeshire of Zimax arborum,? Bouch. Chant. Mr. Brindley states that it has not occurred alive in Cambridgeshire in recent times, although it is found in the adjoining county, Northamptonshire. The place in which the later discovery occurred, now described in this paper, is about a half-mile from the above-mentioned deposit, and 1 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, p. 318. 2 Marr & Shipley: Nat. Hist. of Cambridgeshire, 1904, p. 1384. 86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Mr. Fisher describes it as follows:—‘‘ My notes on the shell-deposit in Harlton clunch-pit are very scanty. I send all that are relevant. The deposit is a thin layer of sandy marl beneath the surface-soil. It is not stratified, and is less than afoot thick. It appears to be a wash, chiefly from the Boulder Clay that caps the hill. I have had some of the stuff brought home, and washed it. It contains bits of flint and chalk, brown clay, and fine sand, and a bit of pyrites. It rests upon a disintegrated surface of clunch.” The height is about 150 feet O.D. It would thus be at a level of about 60 feet higher than the deposit formerly described. From a note made by Mr. Garrett at the time, it appears that above the marly band in which the shells occurred there was from two to three feet of surface soil. a, rainwash ; b, brown sandy clay with shells; ¢, disintegrated clunch; 4d, talus. The brown sandy clay with shells rests immediately on the weathered surface of disintegrated clunch. (N.B.—There is only a small planed off fragment in the south-east corner, as though the deposit in the southern (and higher) part had suffered denudation. ) I have visited this pit four times, twice under Mr. Fisher’s guidance. List of species found:—Non-marine: Arion ater! (Linn.) [6 granules, one very large]; Helieella ctala (Linn.); Hygromia hispida (Linn.) ; Vallonia pulchella (Miill.); Pomatias elegans (Linn.) ; Jaminia muscorum * (Linn.). Marine: Ostrea edulis, Linn. ; Mytilus ahs Linn. The valve of Ostrea is much eroded, but the fragment of Iytzlus is quite bright, and the nacre sub-iridescent. As Harlton is an inland village and parish, the occurrence of marine species in such a deposit is decidedly of interest. Although there is no index forthcoming as to the age of this deposit, 1 Procured at a recent visit (April 7th, 1906). BULLEN: HOLOCENE DEPOSIT AT HARLTON, 87 judging from the section given above, and its position on a higher level, it may possibly antedate the other Romano-British deposit near Butler’s Spinney.’ I have the pleasure of thanking Mr. Fisher for so kindly transcribing his notes and lending his specimens for exhibition. Note: The dark layer, marked by crosses (p. 85), is the loamy layer with land shells in which Ostrea and Mytilus occurred. The boy’s height is 5 feet. 1 Mr. A. Santer Kennard, F.G.S8., thinks, however, that the presence of Ostrea edulis places it at Roman or post-Roman date. It may be so, but the denudation and planing off of the deposit on the south side seems to demand a longer period than he allows. 88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS FROM UGANDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES OF MARTENSIA AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF ZLIMICOLARIA. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. Read 9th March, 1906. Tre specimens which form the subject of the present paper were placed in my hands for identification by Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, and include the following genera: Jlartensia, Achatina, Limicolaria, Succinea, and Ampullaria. As might easily be expected in a collection from Central Africa, the Limicolarié largely predominate ; many of these appear to be varietal forms of already known species, though there are two which I am unable to identify, and these I now venture to describe in the present paper. Marrensia Bowker®, n.sp. Shell thin, depressed, perforate, keeled at the periphery, dull brownish grey, ornamented at the sutures and periphery with a chocolate-coloured band; whorls 5-6, sculptured with very fine transverse strize and coarser lines of growth; base of shell somewhat polished and sculptured with fine wavy spiral strie ; sutures impressed; aperture obliquely lunate; peristome simple; columella descending obliquely, and somewhat reflexed over the rather narrow umbilicus. Diam. maj. 17°5, alt. 8°75 mm. ; aperture, diam. 8, alt. 7mm. Hab.— Uganda district. This species may be compared with JL. permanens,' Smith, also from 1 Journ. Malac., 1901, vol. vili, p. 94, figs. 2, 3. PRESTON: ON MOLLUSCA FROM UGANDA. 89 Uganda, which appears to be its nearest ally; it is, however, more depressed. than that species; moreover, it is of a darker colour, the sculpture both on the spire and on the base is much finer, and the umbilicus is much narrower. Acuatina (Burtoa) Ninorica, Pfr. Two specimens, one adult and in fine condition, the other young. Limiconarta pimiprata, Martens. A number of specimens exhibiting great diversity of coloration, two of them being of an almost uniform pale-yellow tint. Liviconarra Marrenstana, Smith. Two specimens. Limiconarta Ponsonsyl, n.sp. Shell elongate, narrowly umbilicate, rather thin, painted throughout with straight and zigzag bands and streaks of reddish brown; whorls §—9, sculptured, especially on the first five or six volutions, with coarse strie corresponding to the lines of growth and much broken up by shallow spiral grooves, thus presenting a malleated appearance ; suture impressed and somewhat crenulated; aperture inversely auriform; columella straight, reflexed over the umbilical region, and tinged with purple; peristome simple. Diam. maj. 25, alt. 56°5 mm. ; | aperture, diam. 11, alt. 22mm. Hab.—Uganda district. Limiconarra SMITHI, n.sp. Shell elongate, cylindrical, scarcely perforate, painted with streaks, bands, and blotches of rich red brown, the last concentrated into 90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. a much interrupted band just below the periphery; whorls 8-9, sculptured with irregular spiral striz, and also, especially on the fourth and fifth volutions, with coarser strie corresponding to the lines of growth; suture impressed ; aperture inversely auriform ; columella curved, narrowly reflexed over the umbilicus, purplish white; peristome simple. Diam. maj. 16°5, alt. 43 mm. ; aperture, diam. 7 5, alt. 14mm. Hab,—Uganda district. This species seems to be intensely variable in colour, some specimens being marked as described above, others are only finely lined with reddish brown, and others still are only painted with a single infra- sutural band; it appears to be closely related to L. dimidiata, Marts., but differs from that species mainly in its more cylindrical form, and in its more obsolete, though somewhat coarser, sculpture. LiuiconartaA TENEBRICA, Rye. Several brightly coloured specimens exactly similar in marking to a number which I recently received from the northern shore of the Victoria Nyanza. LIM IcoLaRIAa TURRIFORMIS, Marts. Ten specimens, including the typical form, the others varying in colour from almost black to pale pink and light yellowish brown; some are streaked with zigzag bands of deep chestnut, while others are of an almost uniform pink or brownish yellow. SuccinEa sp. (?). One specimen. AMPULLARIA Sp. (?). One specimen. Owing to the small amount of material to hand and the exceedingly variable nature of the last two genera, I am unable to specifically determine these. na ic i nn A ‘ , * ia) ‘ Tate aed q eta re Proc: Marvac. Soe. You. Vil. Pi. H.Thomas del. e).Green lith et imp - NEW. S.AUSTRALIAN) POLY PEACORHORA- 9] ON NEW SPECIES OF POLYPLACOPHORA FROM SOUTH AUSTRALIA. By W. T. Bepyatt and E. H. V. Matruews. Read 9th March, 1906. PLATE 1X. CuiTron avUREOMACULATA, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 8-3f, Shell elongately oval, carinate, side slope but very slightly arched. Central area apparently smooth, but minutely reticulated under the microscope, and showing no jugal track. Towards the base of the area, on each side, are three sulei which are continuous throughout the length of the shell, between the laterals, and but slightly indicated on the terminal valves. Colour creamy white, irregularly besprinkled with golden spots, varying in size and shape. Girdle inconspicuously tinged with green. Intermediate valves scarcely beaked; of even width, with the exception of the first, which is nearly double that of the others. Posterior margin smooth. Lateral areas narrow, with the diagonal indifferently raised, and ornamented with two rows of pustules which gradually increase in size as the margin is approached; pustules distributed, one row on the diagonal, the other on the posterior margin, intervening space smooth. The anterior valve has a row of 8 pustules round the girdle margin, and three on each side of its posterior margin. The posterior valve has also a row of pustules similarly placed to those on the anterior, as well as three pustules on each end of a raised line, which traverses the valve at right angles across the mucro. Mucro central and well defined; posterior slope excavated. Interior very pale blue. Sinus wide and _ shallow. Anterior valve with 8 slits, median 1--1, posterior 10. Girdle scales smooth and convex. Length 12, breadth 3:5 mm. Hab.—Marion Reef, Troubridge Island, on a small stone. IscHNOCHITON RESPLENDENS, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 4—4f. Shell elongately oval, elevated, scarcely carinated, very minutely but regularly punctured throughout, more indistinctly so on the lateral areas and anterior valve. Central valves slightly beaked ; anterior valve larger than the others, and posterior valve with the umbo anterior to the centre. Jugal tract creamy white, radiated with ashen, assuming the appearance of ivory; pleural tracts a rich golden brown, on which are limned bright blue lines, the lines sometimes broken into irregularly shaped markings. Lateral areas but slightly raised, nevertheless distinct, apparently smooth, but pitted like the | remainder of the shell when seen through the microscope. They are : of the same ivory tint, and painted with ashen streaks like the jugal i J VOL. VII.—JUNF, 1906. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. tract. Girdle creamy white, clouded at regular intervals with dark brown. Scales large, regular in disposition, rounded, and smooth. Anterior valve with 9 slits, central valves 1-1, and posterior valve 11. Length 25, breadth 15 mm. Hab.—St. Vincent and Spencer’s Gulfs. This species is a close ally to the South Australian form of I. smaragdinus, Angas, but is appreciably different. It attains a larger size, and is remarkable for a very distinct and brilliant pattern of coloration, more particularly when viewed alive in its natural element. [This species was discovered by Mr. Matthews, who has taken all the specimens yet found in our waters; but I have seen an example which was obtained in the adjoining colony of Victoria.—W. T. B. | OnirHocuitron AsuByl, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs, 2—2e. Shell oblong, much elevated, valves rounded dorsally, side slopes rapidly descending. Central area smooth, cream-coloured, with spots and blotches of blood colour, more especially on the jugal tract. Intermediate valves beaked. Lateral areas ornamented with a double row of warty nodules of variable size, which, in some cases, coalesce. A single row on the edge of the posterior margin. Anterior valve ‘with numerous little warty excrescences irregularly but not closely disposed over its whole surface. Posterior valve one-half the width of the other valves, which are of even width throughout. No slits visible. Girdle felty, but under the lens covered with minute scales, irregular in size and shape, like grains of sand. Sinus wide and deep for a shell of this size. Length 8-5, diam. 4:5 mm. Hab.—South Australia. The figures of this species were not drawn by Mr. Thomas, and are not very successful, Leripopreurus Matrnewsranvs, Bednall, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 1-1/. Shell elongate, regularly arched; keel and lateral areas indistinct, but clearly defined when seen through the lens; jugal area absent; lateral slopes rounded. Colour grayish white. Anterior valve closely, | minutely, regularly, radiately granulated throughout. Central valves | similarly ornamented, the granulations running longitudinally on the © dorsal area, and radially on the lateral areas, the granulations by | their direction defining the areas. Sutural plates small, triangular, — and very distant, the jugal sinus consequently being exceedingly wide; _ posterior dorsal margin straight. Posterior valve as the others, and with prominent central obtuse elevated apex, the slope to the margin being slightly concave. (Bednall.) Length 9, breadth 3°5 mm. Hab.—St. Vincent Gulf. 93 ON A SPECIES OF THE LAND MOLLUSCAN GENUS DYAKIA FROM SIAM. By Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwry-Avsren, F.R.S. Read 6th April, 1906. PLATE X. I am indebted to Captain Stanley Flower, who was in Siam in 1898, for the land shell I now describe. He collected and preserved a good many species in spirits which he was good enough to place in my hands. The genus Dyakia, type Hugonis, Pfr., was described by me in 1891 in a paper on a collection of land mollusca formed by the late Mr. A. Everett in Borneo, a naturalist who discovered so many new and beautiful species in that island. In this genus I included certain species described by Professor Semper,’ which he had placed in Artophanta, a genus almost restricted to Peninsular India, which has since been proved to be very distinct and very distantly related to.these Malayan forms. These species were Rumphii, v. d. Busch, sinistral, from Java; nemorensis, Miiller, dextral, from Celebes ; rareguttata, Mousson, dextral, from Adanara, near Flores; and striata, Gray, dextral, from -Singapur, this Last collected by Von Martens. It is the same shell as naninoddes of Benson, from the same locality. On a comparison of the shells in the Natural History Museum a variety of this last species is, I find, the subject of this paper, and was collected at Chantaboon. I show further on its anatomical characters ; it well agrees with Professor Semper’s description and figures of this species on pl. iii, figs. 2la—é, with a few small specific differences. The interest les in the generic extension of range from Borneo and the Malay Archipelago and peninsula very much more to the north up to the continental area. Pfeiffer (Mon. Helic. Vivent., vol. i, p. 70) gives the island of Chusan as a habitat of conicoides. This would be a remarkable distribution for the genus, and I should like to see it really confirmed by examina- | tion of the animal. Dyaxia striata (Gray), var. Hab.—Chantaboon (Capt. Stanley Flower). ° Specimen dissected. Diam. maj. 27, min. 24°75 mm.; alt. 13 mm. Animal.—Sole of foot (Fig. 11) rather smooth, not divided, folded down the centre by contraction in the spirit specimen. The extremity of the foot very square (Fig. I), no lobe above the mucous gland | (Fig. IL), which is an oval depression, and in life I imagine some- what pit shaped (wde Wiegmann’s drawing, pl. xxxvi, fig. 13, of | D. Hugonis ?). Sides of foot rather smooth, the peripodial grooves distinct, with a broad fringed margin below them (Fig. I). The dorsal lobes 1 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1891, pp. 22-47. * Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. (Fig. IV) are small, especially the left. The visceral sac is sparsely speckled, with occasional dots on the apical portion. The buccal mass is short and globose, with a very strong retractor muscle at the base. The salivary glands are quite separate and well developed. The jaw (Fig. XIII) is slightly arched, with no cen [peseenin. The formula of the radula (Fig. XIV) is 61: 17: 1:17: 61, or 78: 1:78. The central tooth is tricuspid, narrow, oe elongate, the first admedians also tricuspid. ‘The cusps get gradually smaller until about the 14th tooth, and they merge into the curved, aculeate teeth of the laterals (Figs. 22, 25). The marginal teeth (Fig. marg.) are very minute. The Genitalia (Figs. V—XIL).— Commencing at the generative aperture, the penis (Fig. Va) is a simple shaft, joined by the vas deferens and retractor muscle at the posterior end, the epiphallus being exceedingly short. Close adjacent and just within the vestibule is the opening of the amatorial organ (Fig. VII), a much larger muscular eversible tube than the penis, about 6 mm. in length. At its further end is situated a short, sharp-pointed, transparent calcareous dart, on the point of a conical tubercle (Fig. XI). The tube is here contracted into a long, gradually tapering, rope-like duct (Fig. VIIL) about 8mm. long. ‘To the eye this has a twisted appearance, but closer examination shows it to be a thinly sheathed cord (Fig. X11), closely convoluted or puckered; it may thus possibly act as a spring on the extension of the dart. This cord bifurecates more than once (Fig. IX), and the ends are buried in a close, solid, cellular mass of ellipsoidal form, folded and pointed at the anterior end, where it is attached to the uterus by a short membrane (Fig. V), and thus kept in position. In life no doubt this mass is less solid than as I represent it; hardened and contracted by the spirit, it would be divided into lobes more or less separable. When the animal retires within the shell, this glandular mass lies packed alongside, and almost covers the basal portion of the dart-sac (Figs. VI and VII), the cord- like connection being folded beneath it (Fig. V). The spermatheca (Fig. VI) is small, with rather a thickened base, thin and fining to a point, having an attachment to the uterus, close to that of the dart-sac gland. Although the form of the teeth approaches those of D. striata from Singapur, as described by Professor Semper (p. 54), there are not nearly so many in the row, 156 : 190 respectively. The jaw of striata has a central projection which is absent in this Siam species. The form of the darts also ditfers (v¢de Semper’s fig., pl. iii, fig. 210). It is thus a variety of striata. The genus can be divided into two distinet sections by the form of the spermatheca, which is quite long in LHugonis, nasuta, rareguttata, nemorensis, and Martini, moderately long in Rumphii, very short in striata. In the first six species the secretory glands of the amatorial organ are foliated, while in the last two they are massed together. It is interesting to note that this genus is not recorded by Drs. Paul & Fritz Sarasin, in their valuable and excellent work on the fauna of Celebes (p. 33), as being found on the main island. On | GODWIN-AUSTEN: ON DYAKIA STRIATA, VAR. 95 anatomical grounds they record D. rareguttata under Nanina (Xesta), from the small island of Saleyer, lying off the south coast, and thus in connection with and through Flores, Sumbawa, and Bali, the extreme eastern limit of its range, as yet known. Borneo would appear to be its centre of dispersal, whence it extended westward to the Malay Peninsula and as far as South Siam. It will be interesting to see by what species it is represented in Cambodia and Annam. ‘The same interest applies to another very remarkable genus, Lverettia, the type, jucunda (P.Z.8., 1891, p. 33), possessing curious multifid secretory glands on the amatorial organ. The bounds of its distribution are unknown. Wiegmann’s researches have shown that it extends to Celebes (see his excellent drawings of Lverettra Mollendorfii, Kobelt, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-14), and it is recorded by the brothers Sarasin (Land Moll. Celebes, p. 132). A species, fulvocarnia, Marts., is placed with a doubt in the genus by Wiegmann; the Sarasins put it into Macrochlamys, which, in spite of the radula being as in that genus, is very doubtful. Its true position cannot be known until the generative organs are seen, and these I do not expect will be like those of the typical Indian species ; the shell-lappets are quite unlike, to begin with. The Bornean shell consul, Pfr., is undoubtedly an Hverettia, but I see the Sarasins overlooked this, and in dealing with the distribution of the fauna of Celebes (p. 38), in a comparative list of land shells of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, consul is put into Macrochlamys, and its © range extended to Sumatra. This requires verification by anatomical examination of the animal. . consul belongs to a type of shell most difficult to determine by shell character, and it has been recorded from very unlikely habitats, such as Buru, probably from this cause. We now know that very different animals construct very similar shells, particularly those in the family Zonitidee, so that the shells alone become very dangerous and deluding material in the study of present distribution in relation to past geological change. The genus Dyakia now contains the following nine species, con- clusively shown by the work of Professor F. Wiegmann in his excellent contribution to the Abhandlungen Senckenbergisch natur- forsch. Gesellschaft, 1898, vol. xxiv, pp. 287-557, 11 vls., entitled *‘ Landmollusken (Stylommatophoren): Zootomischer Teil,’ with very accurately drawn plates :— Dyakia: Hugonis, Pfr., type of the genus. Figured by Godwin-Austen, P.Z.8., 1891, pl. v, figs. 5-56. Borneo. Hugonis, Ptr.(?). Figured by Wiegmann, L.c., pl. xxvi, figs. 13-23. Borneo. nasuta, Metcalfe. Figured by Godwin-Austen, l.c., pl. y, figs. 4-4e. Borneo, Rumphit, vy. d. Busch. Pieured by Semper, Reisen, pl. iii, fig. 18. Java. rareguttata, Mouss., var. sparsa, Semper, le., pl. iii, fig. 17. Wiegmann, l.c., pl. x, figs. 16-20; pl. xi, figs 1-8. Flores, Solor (Wallace). 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Javanica, Lam. Java. nemorensis, Miiller. Figured by Wiegmann, l.c., pl. ix, figs. 15-22 ; pl. x, figs. 1-5; Semper, l.c.; pl. i, fig. 19. Flores. cidaris, Lam. Figured by Wiegmann, pl. ix, figs. 12-14. Rotti. Wiegmann states that although the generative organs were incomplete, the five secretory glands were present on the amatorial organ. amphidroma, v. Mart. ( = Martini, Pfr.). Sumatra. striata, Gray ( = naninoides, Benson). Figured by Semper, Le., pl. in, figs. 21a—d. Singapur. The following (all from Borneo) are provisionally placed in this genus, but the animals have yet to be examined :—zntradentata, God.- Aust. : regalis, Benson; Busanensis, God.-Aust.; janus, Ptr. ; Mindaiensis, Bock ; Moluensis, God.-Aust. Malacologists are frequently led to speculate on the function of accessory glands and cxecum-lke appendages of the genitalia of the land mollusca, more particularly when they assume the large and striking structure exemplified in the genera Dyakia and Everettia, situated at the distal end of the dart-sac. It seems unlikely that we shall ever know what their true office may be, whether of excitant sensory nature or some nature unknown to us. — Pilsbry culls them the ‘coronal glands,’ a good term indicating their position with respect to the dart itself. We may assume they are in a measure associated with the beautifully formed calcified darts, because in other eastern genera the amatorial organ is less specialized, the dart more or less soft and muscular, and the organ as a whole of simple cylindrical form. Yet in contradiction to this we are met with the fact that equally elaborately formed calciferous darts are present in| Damayantia, Parmarion, Mireroparmarion, ete., with accessory coronal glands absent. . This leads me to allude to another anomalous, inexplicable condition of the generative organs having reference to the dart-sac, viz. that in species of Svtala, Durgella, Taphrospira, ete. The amatorial organ is absent altogether , thus robbing it of much of its lmportance in the reproductive economy, a state of things even more difficult to account for than the presence and use of the complicated coronal glands in the genera I have mentioned.! EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fics. I-XIV. Dyakia striata, var. D. amatorial organ; D.g/d. gland of amatorial organ; ov. ovary; P. penis; y.m.P. retractor muscle of penis; sp. spermatheca; wt. uterus; v.d. vas deferens. 1 While writing this paper the October part (vol. xi, No. 8) of the Journal of Cone hology has come to hand, which contains a ai of the sinistral shells in the Manchester Museum by Mr. R. Standen. I notice the genus Ariophanta is still made the receptacle for animals differing most widely. from each other. Mr. Standen has evidently not seen what has been published by myself in 1891, and later by Professor Wiegmann in 1898. In this list only /evipes (the type), Soveata, thyreus, and Bajadera represent the genus Ariophanta. Proc. Malac. Soc. : Vol. VIE. Pl xe ae pull ahd 3) pADN ( I47 marg: H. H. G.-A. del. ANATCMY OF DYAKIA STRIATA, VAR. a7 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM PERU AND COLOMBIA AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF CURVELLA FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By 8. I. Da Costa. Read 6th April, 1906. PLATE XI. Gonrosromus suBHyBriDes, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 1. Testa elongato-oblonga, fusiformis, anguste umbilicata, levigata, alba, nigro-fusco flammata, punctis opaco-albis, irregularibus aspersa ; spira acuminata; anfract. 62-7, convexiusculi, ultimus ad suturam marginatus, spira paulo brevior, basi attenuatus, obtuse compresso- carinatus; columella recta, reflexa; apertura oblonga, basi angulata et eanaliculata; labrum subincrassatum, breviter expansum, rubrum. Long. 50, diam. 19mm.; apertura 22 mm. longa, 9 lata. Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru, 800 metres. Of this fine shell only one specimen has been received. Its general form resembles G@. hybridus, Gould, from Brazil; it is, however, much more ventricose, has an additional whorl, is ornamented with blackish flames on a white ground, instead of yellow on a dark purple ground, but its most distinctive feature is that it 1s quite smooth, whereas both G. hybridus and G. goniostoma are sculptured with close and unequal spiral granules. Drymzvus spapicevs, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 2, 3. Testa pyramidali-ovata, umbilicata, tenuiuscula, levigata, nitida, oblique obsolete striata, albida, strigis spadiceis longitudinalibus flexuosis picta, supra anfract. ultimum fasclisque 2 castaneo- nigricantibus (altera mediana et altera basali), albo-punctatis ornata ; ‘spira elongata, ad apicem obtusula, purpurea; anfract. 6, leviter convexi, ultimus # longitudinis equans; apertura ampla, valde obliqua, oblongo-ovalis, intus violacea; perist. album, undique dilatatum, margine dextro valde expanso, columellari dilatato et reflexo. Long. 39, diam. 19 mm.; apertura cum perist. 21 mm. longa, 16 lata. Hab.—Bogota. This beautiful shell, described from an unique specimen, bears some resemblance in its elaborate painting to D. flecuosus, Pfr., but differs considerably in form, the last whorl being much larger and more diagonally produced, and, in consequence, the aperture becomes more oblique and larger; also the whorls of the spire are flatter than in D. flecuosus, and the body-whorl lacks the dark crescent behind the umbilicus as in that species. 98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. DrymM#vs ALABASTRINUS, D.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 4. Testa fusiformi-ovata, late et profunde rimato-perforata, nitida, translucida, alba, levigata, sub lente transversim minute striata; spira subacuta, elongata, apice acutiusculo, pallide roseo; anfract. 74, leviter convexi, ultimus convexiusculus, ? longitudinis equans; sutura impressa, fere horizontalis; columella recta, late reflexa, dilatata ; apertura ovata, effusa; perist. album, late expansum et reflexum. Long. 33, diam. 15 mm. ; apertura cum perist. 15 mm. longa, 10 lata. Hab.—Honda, Colombia. A shell that reminds one of some of the forms of D. trigonostomus, Jonas, from Venezuela. It differs, however, from that species, both in the outline of the spire and the ovate and smaller aperture. Besides the very fine spiral striz already referred to, the surface exhibits the usual oblique lines of growth. Drymaus Rosenperat, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 6. Testa acuminato-ovata, anguste umbilicata, vix solidiuscula, nitida, albida, strigis irregularibus castaneis ornata; spira acutiuscula, antrac. 6, modice convexi, sub lente tenuissime striati, ultimus # longitudinis zquans; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato-ovalis; perist. tenue, luteum, margine externo anguste expanso, columellari dilatato et reflexo. Long. 20°5, diam. 9mm.; apertura 9 mm. longa, 6 lata. Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru. The writer, after searching the records of Pfeiffer and Pilsbry, as well as among the collections of D’Orbigny and others in the British Museum, concluded that this elegant little Drymeus was a new species and deemed it worthy of description. DrYMAUS CASTANEO-STRIGATUS, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 5. Testa oblongo-conica, anguste umbilicata, solidiuscula, levigata, albida, strigis irregularibus castaneis ornata, strigis in anfractu ultimo ad basim non attingentibus; spira subobtusa; anfrac. 6, convexiusculi, ultimus #—} longitudinis sequans; sutura impressa; apertura ovalis, intus lutescens ; perist. tenue, anguste expansum, margine dextro luteo, columellari dilatato et reflexo. Long. 19, diam. 8°5 mm. ; apertura 8°5 longa, 4°25 lata. Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru. This shell somewhat resembles D. Fosenberg?, but differs in having a blunter spire, more convex whorls, and notably in the stripes terminating before reaching the base of the shell. Neocyctotus Peruvianus, n.sp. Pl, XI, Figs. 7-9. Testa ampliter aperte umbilicata, depressa, ustulato-fusca, supra peripheriam fascia angusta fulva cingulata, infra saturate late fasciata; anfract. 43, convexi, ad suturam impressi, oblique filoso-striati ; apertura oblique circularis, albo-cerulescens. Diam. maj. 38, min. 29 mm. Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru. There is a certain resemblance between this shell and WV. eengulatus, Sowb., from Colombia, but it is less openly umbilicated and not so Proc.MALAC. Soc. Vor. VIE Pre J.Green del. lth et imp. NEW SPECIES OF GONIOSTOMUS, DRYMAUS, NEOGYCLOTUSce.CURVEREAS DA COSTA: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM 8. AMERICA, ETC. 99 strongly striated. The different geographical distribution of the two species should be sufficient to distinguish them. The shelly operculum is thick and consists of 8-9 whorls, which are thickened at the inner edge. CuRVELLA MINUTA, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 12-14. Testa oblongo-ovata, umbilicata, curvatim rugulose-striata, tenuis, eretacea, alba; anfractus 53, convexi, ultimus # longitudinis eequans ; apertura semi-ovalis; peristoma simplex, margine dextro arcuato, supra recedente, columellari recto, dilatato et reflexo. Long. 7:4, diam. 4°5mm.; apertura 5 mm. longa, 2:6 lata. Hab.—Malbato, Busuanga I., Philippines. These little shells formed part of Dr. Hungerford’s collection, purchased many years ago by the writer, and were labelled ‘‘ Stenogyra sp.,” but from their peculiar sculpture they belong to the genus Curvella, formerly named Hapalus. CURVELLA ALABASTRINA, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 10-11. Testa oblongo-ovata, umbilicata, tenuis, nitida, curvatim rugulose- striata, pellucide albida; anfractus 6, convexiuscuh, ultimus # longi- tudinis equans; apertura ovalis; peristoma simplex, margine dextro arcuato, columellari recto, leviter recedente dilatato et reflexo. Long. 17, diam. 9mm.; apertura 9 mm. longa, 4°5 lata. Hab.—Guimaras, Philippines. From the same collection as the preceding species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Fie. 1. Goniostomus subhybridus, n.sp. » 2,3. Drymeus spadiceus, D.sp. ee 3 alabastrinus, 0.sp. og, Oe 39 castaneo-strigatus, D.Sp. 33 6 ne Rosenbergi, n.sp. s, %-9. Neocyelotus Peruvianus, n.sp. », 10,11. Curvella alabastrina, u.sp. », 12-14. Curvella minuta, n.sp. 100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. NOTE ON SWAINSON’S GENUS VOLUTILITHES. By R. Bortten Newron, F.G.S. Read 6th April, 1906. PLATE XII. I nave been induced to examine the history of Swainson’s genus Volutilithes in consequence of an enquiry made by Professor W. H. Dall, of Washington, as to the value of Volutilithes pertusa, a new species of fossil shell described and figured in the original account of that genus. As a result of my investigations, I find that con- chologists have hitherto associated the wrong type with Volutilithes; and instead of that being the Conus spinosus of Linnzeus (‘‘ Systema Nature,’ 1758, 10th ed., p.715) it should be Lamarck’s Voluta murveina. A discrepancy of this kind has probably arisen through some difficulty in obtaining the work known as ‘ Zoological Illustrations,’ where Swainson first described the genus in 1831. This author’s later and better known book of 1840, called ‘‘A Treatise on Malacology,” contained a second notice of Volutilithes, the form spinosus being the first mentioned among a number of established species which were included in the genus, and that which has ever since been regarded as the type. This Linnean shell, it should be noted, is in no way referred to by Swainson in the original description of Volutilithes ; in fact, his earlier observations are not even alluded to in this subsequent account of the genus. To further elucidate some of the points connected with the subject, it is advisable to include here a transcription of the full text of Swainson’s first notice of the genus, so that students not acquainted with the work in question may be in a position to consider the matter for themselves. In making this extract I have inserted certain references within square brackets for purposes of explanation which are not in the original text :— ‘‘ VoLUTILITHES MURICINA. [ PI. XII, Fig. 1.] {Zoological Ilustrations, 1831, ser. 11, vol. ii, No. 12, pl. lii, fig. 1.] Family Volutide. Subfamily Volutine. Mob. (Genus Voluta, Lam.) Generic character.—Spiral whorls regularly and gradually diminishing towards the apex, which is always acute. Plaits of the pillar numerous, always indistinct, generally evanescent, and sometimes wanting. Vobis. Type.—Voluta musicalis (?), Lam. Specific character.—Shell nearly fusiform, the base narrow and smooth ; the upper part with longitudinal, subcostated, spinous plaits: inner lip thickened, the last plait on the pillar very thick, and separated from the others, which are slender and nearly obsolete, by a deep groove. NEWTON: ON VOLUTILITHES. 101 Voluta muricina, Lam., [Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., 1822, Ist ed., vol. vii, p. 350, non ‘* Systeme,” as quoted by Swainson ; | Ency. Méth., pl. 383, fig. 1. The fourth principal division of the Lamarckian Volutes has hitherto been found only in a fossil state, unless, indeed, the Voluta Braziliana really belongs to this type. The species are very numerous, both in the London Clay andin the Caleatre grossier of Grignon. They offer some beautiful types of form, representing the conterminous groups in this family, some of which we may hereafter notice more particularly. The pre-eminent type may probably be the V. musicalis of Lamarck; as yet, we only know this fossil from descriptions and figures, but it has obviously been confounded with several others. Lamarck has given a character so exquisitely finished of V. muricina that we have done little more than translate his words. Our specimen - appears to be from Grignon, and was furnished to us with the following by Messrs. Stuchbury, 33, Theobald’s Road, Bedford Row. VoLUTILITHES PERTUSA. [ Pl. XII, Fig. 2. ] Shell subfusiform, and the base striated; the upper part with thick, remote, and somewhat nodulous ribs; transversed near the suture with lines of punctured strive ; inner lip thickened, plaits on the pillar distinct, the last very strong, the two next smaller, and the upper very slender. This species is certainly undescribed by Lamarck, nor do we find it in Dr. Fleming’s useful compendium of the ‘Mineral Conchology.’ Our specimen has the grey tinge of the London Clay fossils. Neither of these species are typical, as they represent the recent costated Volutes in the adjoining group.” It is obvious from this account that Swainson was in doubt as to the type of Volutilithes from the fact that he queried Voluta musicalis of Lamarck, the form selected as the type, and by further stating in the text that ‘‘the pre-eminent type may probably be the V. musicalis of Lamarck,” he being only familar with that species from figures and descriptions and not from actual specimens. In the present argument, however, such a point is apparently of little consequence, for on analysing the Lamarckian species, which is a well-known Eocene shell common to the Anglo-Parisian basin, it is found to be a closely related form of the modern Voluta musica, the type of Voluta as emended by Lamarck, and therefore a member of that genus. It follows then that Lamarck’s musicalis, being a true Voluta, necessarily invalidates its subsequent use by Swainson as an example of Volutilithes; and while on the subject of Voluta it may be mentioned that the genus Volutolyria was founded by H. Crosse in 1877 for the reception of Voluta musica of Linneus, and therefore becomes a synonym of Voluta, this fact having been explained by M. Cossmann in his ‘‘ Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée,’”’ 1899, 3rd livraison, pp. 109, 110. The second species included by Swainson in Volutilithes was the Voluta muricina of Lamarck, a shell known alike in the Eocene 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIELY. deposits of both England and France. As far as can be ascertained, this species was never previously occupied for the type of another genus; so that it is clearly available for recognition as the type of Volutilithes. It is certain, also, that Swainson was anxious to emphasize the importance of Lamarck’s shell, since he headed the whole history of his new genus with ‘* Volutilithes muricina.” The late Paul Fischer also used the same Lamarckian shell for the type of Hopsephea, consequently this will now become a synonym of Volutilithes. In all Gastropods the details of the protoconch are of essential value for purposes of classification, and particularly among the Volutide, where so much variation has been observed by Cossmann, Dall, Crosse, and other authorities. This character is very distinctive in well-preserved examples of Volutilithes muricina, especially those obtained from the Parisian Eocene, the protoconch consisting of two smooth mammillated whorls surmounted by a laterally situated, conically pointed nucleus. Such a change of types as is here suggested unfortunately renders a long list of species, hitherto regarded as Volutilithes, without a generic name. Many of these shells are referred to by M. Cossmann in his comprehensive treatise already alluded to (‘ Essais,”’ etc.), at the head of which stands the Eocene Voluta | Conus | spinosa, Linneus, Swainson’s type of his later Volutilithes. ‘lo embrace this group of species under the same type it is proposed to replace Swainson’s Volutilithes of 1840 by the new name of Volutospina. The third shell referred to as belonging to Volutilithes is the new species, pertusa, which is said to exhibit ‘‘ the grey tinge of the London Clay fossils.’ This term ‘‘ London Clay,’ as used in Swainson’s time, was applied to most of the fossiliferous clays found in the Lower Tertiary rocks of the London and Hampshire Basins, and not as at present restricted for a particular geological horizon. It is therefore not surprising to find, after a careful comparison of the fossil Volutes in the ‘‘ Frederick Edwards ” and other collections at the British Museum, that this Volutclithes pertusa is the same shell as was figured by J. Sowerby as Voluta costata in the ‘‘ Mineral Conchology,” 1821, vol. ii, pl. cexe, figs. 2, 4, but which, differing from Solander’s shell (represented by fig. 1 of Sowerby’s plate) of an earlier date and similar name, was subsequently included by Edwards in his Voluta humerosa' (Mon. Paleontog. Soc., 1854, p. 171, pl. xxii, fig. 6), a characteristic Upper Eocene species found in the Barton Clay of Hampshire, and which is apparently unknown in the corresponding deposits of the Paris Basin. 1 It should be noted that the original figures of V. hewnerosa of Edwards do not clearly exhibit the characteristic spiral striations which are so well expressed in the types as well as in all other examples of the species. This ornamentation, as in Swainson’s figures of pertusa, is mainly confined to the sutural and basal areas of this shell, thus differmg from Solander’s J”. costata, where the entire surface of the volutions is transversely lineated. There are, of course, other distinctions to separate these species, but it is not necessary to enlarge upon them at the present time. NEWTON: ON VOLUTILITHES. 108 Swainson’s V. pertusa was, however, never referred to by Edwards in his monograph on the Eocene Mollusca, and it is possible that he was not familiar with the ‘ Zoological Illustrations” for 1831; in any case it is quite certain that the older name must be acknowledged, whilst V. humerosa must be relegated to synonymy. Since Swainson’s description appeared this shell has only been once systematically noticed in literature, and that was by Deshayes (see Deshayes and Milne Edwards’ edition of Lamarck’s Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., 1844, vol. x, p. 430), who described it as Voluta pertusa, Swainson, and localised it as a ‘‘ Fossile de Courtagnon.” No locality is given in Swainson’s original text for this species, so that the statement as to ‘“‘Courtagnon’’ was made without authority and is absolutely incorrect, the shell having been obtained from Barton and not from the French Eocenes. In much more modern times M. Cossmann has recognized that Voluta humerosa of Edwards should be associated with Gray’s genus Zyria (see Cossmann’s “‘Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée,’”’ 1899, 3rd livr., p- 114), although the evidence is greatly in favour of its being a true Volutilithes, the protoconch appearing to have the same elements of structure as characterize Lamarck’s murveina. The genera and species involved in this discussion may be tabulated as under, the distribution in time being taken from Cossmann’s ‘‘ Essais”’ before quoted :— Voruta, Linneeus, emend. Lamarck. Linn., Systema Nature, 1758, 10th ed., p. 729; Lamarck, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. arise 99s ps a0. Synonym.—Volutolyria, H. Crosse, Journ. Conchyliologie, 1877, wol. xxv, p. 99. Type.—Voluta musica, Linneus. A fossil example= Voluta musicalis, Lamarck. Distribution in time.—Tertiary (Eocene) to Recent. Voruritirnes, Swainson. Zoological Hlustrations, 1831, ser. 1, vol. ii, pl. lili, fig. 2. Synonym.—Lopsephaa, P. Fischer, Manuel Conchyliologie, 1883, p. 607. Type.—Voluta muricina, Lamarck. Another example is Volutilithes pertusa, Swainson. Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Turonian) to Tertiary (Eocene). Vorvrosprna, R. Bullen Newton, nom. mut. Synonyms.—Plejona, Bolten, pars, Museum Boltenianum, 1798, p. 59; Volutilithes, Swainson, A ‘Treatise on Malacology, 1840, p. 318, non Swainson, 1831. Type.— Conus spinosus, Linneeus. Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Turonian) to Recent (= Philip- prana, Dall). 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Votutocorsis, W. H. Dall. Trans. Wagner Free Instit. Sci. Philadelphia, 1890, vol. iii, p. 75. Type.— Voluta limopsis, Conrad. Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Senonian) to Recent (= Voluta abyssicola, Adams & Reeve, and Volutilithes Gichristi, G. B. Sowerby). Professor Dall described this form ( Volutocorbis) as a subgenus of Swainson’s Volutilithes of 1840. Norr.—Since the reading of this paper, Professor W. H. Dall has published some notes on the Volutidee in Zhe Nautilus for April, 1906, vol. xix, No. 12, p. 148. Referring to Volutilithes of Swainson, he states that the name ‘‘ was proposed for the shells to which Fischer later gave the name of Hopsephaa. The type is Voluta muricina, Lam. The shells typified by Voluta spinosa, and which are usually called Volutilithes, will probably take the name of Plejona, Bolten, 1798.”’ The claims of the Boltenian name are, however, much too unsatisfactory for serious consideration, as a glance at its history will readily demonstrate. Plejona was founded by Bolten in 1798 ( Museum Boltenianum, p. 59), the first species referred to, and which should be regarded as the type, being P. fossz/is, a form based upon some figures in Dezallier d’Argenville’s ‘‘ L’ Histoire Naturelle éclaircie dans deux de ses parties principales. La Lithologie et la Conchyliologie,” 1742, pl. xxxui, fig. 10, p. 393. Now this so-called figure 10 comprises four separate illustrations of what are termed ‘* Muricites,”’ all of which belong to different shells, and which may be fairly easily recognizable, commencing from the left of the plate, as Voluta musicalis, Volutilithes muricina, Volutospina spinosa, and Melongena melongena (this last shell kindly determined for me by Mr. E. A. Smith). It is not possible from a group of shells like this to select one in particular as the type of Plejona, and Bolten having failed to specify that which he regarded as such, there is no alternative but to omit this name from the conchological list. I am indebted to Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S., for kindly directing my attention to Professor Duall’s interesting com- munication on this subject. roc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VII, Pl. XU. q , 4 VOLUTILITHES. I. muricina. 2. pertusa. ‘ (Reproduction of Swainson’s plate.) 105 FURTHER REMARKS ON THE GENUS CHLIORITIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES. By) G.. K. Gun, ¥-Z:8. Read 6th April, 1906. PLATE XIII. Since writing my former article on the genus Chloritis (ante, pp- 40-50) new material of much interest has reached me from various sources. Colonel Beddome, Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton, Mr. E. A. Smith, and Mr. E. R. Sykes—to whom I am much indebted—have all contributed undescribed forms, and my own collection has further yielded three new species. Mr. Schepman, of Rhoon, Holland, has kindly sent to me for inspection a number of shells belonging to the Leyden Museum. Of these I refer three, from the Xulia Islands to C. macrostoma; they vary somewhat in elevation of the spire, and the peristome is somewhat more thickened than in the type; one of them, moreover, has the umbilicus narrower, and half covered by the - columellar margin of the peristome, while the last whorl descends a little, but is not deflexed. Another of the Leyden Museum shells refer to C. biomphala; it is from Taliabu Island, a new habitat for the species. I have appended a list of the species of Chloritis, brought up to date, adding all bibliographical references not included in Pilsbry’s Manual of Conchology. I have omitted from the list the species named bulbulus, zodiacus, Howes, and Bonthainensis, the | brothers Sarasin having demonstrated that they pertain to the genus | Planispira. On the other hand, I have included several species placed _ by Pilsbry in Planispira, e.g. delibrata and its allies, as these appear to me to fall more naturally into the genus under consideration. I take this opportunity of recording my deep obligation to Mr. Smith for valuable assistance in compiling the list. Cutoritis Beppometr, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Fig. 1. | Shell widely umbilicated, solid, depressed conoid, dark chestnut, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle, finely and distantly plicate- | striate, decussated with close microscopic spiral lines; spire convex, | apex obtuse, suture somewhat deep. Whorls 54, increasing slowly | and regularly, compressed above, rounded at the periphery, flattened _ below, obtusely angulated round the widely excavated umbilicus; last | whorl scarcely descending in front, slightly dilated towards the mouth. Aperture elliptic, little oblique, margins convergent, united by | a flexuous thread-like ridge. Peristome a little thickened, expanded, and reflexed ; upper and outer margins arcuate, basal sinuous, projecting forward, columellar obliquely ascending into and impinging upon the umbilicus, then curved forward and towards the body-whorl and continued into the flexuous thread-like parietal ridge. Diam. maj. 28°5, min. 23°5 mm.; alt. 15°5 mm. 106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hab.—New Guinea. Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection. . Compared with its only known ally, C. selenitoides, from Buru, the new species is larger, has 4 whorl more, a relatively larger diameter, and shorter axis, the whorls are more flattened, the umbilicus is wider, and the columellar margin of the peristome ascends farther into the umbilicus, while the aperture is more dilated transversely, and the peristome is more expanded. Dedicated to Colonel Beddome, who received the shell from the Leyden Museum, and who has kindly placed this and two other species in my hands for description. CHLORITIS HOLOSERICA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 2, 2a. Shell umbilicated, discoid, pale chestnut brown, finely striated, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle; spire plane, suture shallow. Whorls 5, increasing slowly and regularly (the last rather suddenly), subangulated above, rounded at the side and below; last whorl a little dilated behind the peristome, descending nearly as far as the periphery, not deflected infront. Aperture oblique, roundly crescentic ; margins distant, united by a slightly raised flexuous callus, upper margin ascending slightly at first, then arcuate ; basal nearly straight; columellar dilated a little, ascending forward, slightly overhanging the narrow deep umbilicus, peristome white or roseate, thickened, expanded, and reflexed. Diam. maj. 24, min. 21°5mm.; alt. 12°5 mm. Hab.—North New Guinea (Mus. Cuming). Type in the British Museum ? Two specimens from the Cuming Collection were labelled C. Gruneri, var. They are, however, distinct, measuring more than one-third less in diameter, and not being granulated like that species; the plane spire, wider umbilicus, and much less developed peristome and callus still | further separate this species. CHLORITIS TERES, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 3, 3a. Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed conoid, fulvous corneous, irregularly striated, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle (Fig. 3a), somewhat sparsely covered with stiff, short, dark bristles arranged in quincunx ; when denuded, the surface is seen to be studded with small tubercles placed in shallow depressions. Whorls 4-43, increasing slowly, the last rather suddenly, and dilated towards the mouth, deeply deflected in front, tumid, scarcely angled round the umbilicus. Aperture subrotundate, oblique, margins convergent ; peristome white or tinged with fuscous, thin, a little expanded, not reflexed; margins curved evenly, columellar obliquely ascending, triangularly dilated, and slightly overhanging the moderate umbilicus. Diam. maj. 19°5, min. 16 mm.; alt. 13mm. Hab.—New Ireland (Cox Collection). Type in the British Museum. A series of shells was received from Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton, accompanied by a note in Dr. Cox’s writing—‘‘ I can’t come to any conclusion about these specimens. From New Ireland.” At first it was | thought they pertained to C. eustoma, but upon careful comparison — | GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 107 with the type in the British Museum it was found that this form presented considerable differences which justified its being raised to specific rank. It is less depressed in the spire, the umbilicus is narrower, not obliquely excavated, and much less angulated, the whorls are more tubular, the last whorl is more dilated at its termination, the axis is higher in proportion to the diameter; the peristome is thinner, less expanded, not reflexed, and the hairs are more distant. The most salient feature, however, is the character of the raised tubercles placed in shallow depressions. The shells before me can be grouped into two series in about equal proportions; one typical, ranging in size from diam. 21°, alt. 15 mm. to 19°5 and 13mm.; the other a little more depressed in the spire, the axis a little shorter in relation to the diameter, and the umbilicus a little wider, ranging in size from diam. 21, alt. 14 mm. to 18°5 and 12°5 mm. CHLORITIS SILENUS, Angas. Chloritis conjuncta, Gude, ante, p. 47. When considering this species I thought the material at my disposal justified me in separating a number of forms as a distinct species under the name C. conjuncta. Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton have . kindly submitted a number of shells which demonstrate that the two extremes are linked by intermediate forms, and the name conjuncta must therefore be relegated to the synonymy of C. selenus. CHLoRITIS FRAUDULENTA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Fig. 4. C. Rehset, Gude (not of Mart.): Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904), p. 115. Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed globose, blackish chestnut, shining ; spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture shallow. Whorls 4, sub- compressed, subangulated above the periphery, dilated towards the mouth, then constricted, more so below, obtusely angulated round the obliquely excavated umbilicus; finely plicate-striate, the strize arcuate and pronounced at the suture; the first 24 whorls covered _ with minute, very crowded hair-points, arranged in quincunx, becoming sparser on the last half of the penultimate whorl, dis- appearing altogether on the last whorl, which descends shortly, but deeply, in front. Aperture semi-ovate, oblique ; peristome thickened, expanded and reflexed, bluish, becoming blackish at the edge, margins a little convergent, evenly curved, columellar triangularly dilated and _ overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 39, min. 31 mm. ; alt. 31 mm, Huab.—Dinawa, British New Guinea (KE. A. Pratt). Type in my collection. The present shell was at first considered to be a form of C. Rehser, but careful comparison has convinced me that we have here a distinct species. The axis is shorter in proportion to the diameter, the spire is more depressed, the aperture is more dilated transversely, the last whorl is more dilated towards the mouth, less tumid below, devoid of hair-scars and spiral furrows below, the narrower umbilicus is sub- angulated, the peristome less expanded and less reflexed, the surface more plicate, and the hair-scars on the earlier whorls more crowded. ; An immature specimen of 3} whorls in beautifully fresh condition VOL. VII.—JUNE, 1906. 8 108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. shows the hair-points as minute tubercles; these disappear somewhat suddenly near the termination of the third whorl. Cutoritis CHALLENGERI, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 5-56. Shell umbilicated, depressed conoid, fragile, dark reddish-chestnut, finely striated, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle, decussated with close microscopic spirals; spire conoid, suture impressed, apex raised, the nepionic (14) whorls finely granulated. Whorls 43, rounded above, subangulated above the periphery, slightly compressed below, subangulated round the moderate umbilicus, which has one or two spiral sulci inside, last whorl scarcely descending in front, a little constricted behind the peristome. Aperture oblique, roundly obovate; margins approaching, evenly rounded; peristome thin, rosy- purplish, slightly expanded ; columellar margin triangularly dilated and slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16, min. 14mm.; alt. 10 mm. Hab.—Queensland (‘‘ Challenger” Expedition). Type in the British Museum. Six specimens, one of them immature, showing the finely granulated nepionie 14 whorls very distinctly. The present species is allied to C. mansueta, being similar in shape, but the latter is more solid and paler, and the whorls increase more slowly, while the granules, so conspicuous in that shell, are lacking in the new species. C. Porter?, another allied form, has a narrower umbilicus and a more contracted aperture; the short, stiff, dark bristles still further differentiate that species from both C. mansueta and C. Challengert. Cuoritis astmus, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 6-6e. Shell umbilicated, conoid, finely striated, whitish corneous, covered with soft, short, very crowded, pale hairs, arranged in quincunx (Fig. 6c); spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture impressed. Whorls 4, convex, obtusely angulated round the narrow umbilicus; last whorl slightly descending, then suddenly and shortly deflexed in front, slightly dilated, then strongly gibbous and narrowly constricted behind the peristome. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins convergent ; peristome rosy-red, a little thickened, somewhat broadly expanded and flattened, not reflexed; upper and outer margins arcuate, basal nearly straight, forming a slight angle with the columellar margin, which ascends obliquely, is triangularly dilated, and slightly impinges upon the obliquely excavated umbilicus, which has a short furrow on the oblique portion. Diam. maj. 9°5, min. 8mm.; alt. 5°5 mm. Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland. Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection. Alhed to C. brevipila, but the last whorl is more gibbous and contracted behind the peristome, which is more expanded and flattened, but not reflexed; basal margin straight, and the hairs excessively minute and close. Cutoritis AGAMEMNON, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 7-7e. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed conoid, reddish corneous, very finely striated, covered with excessively crowded and _ short GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 109 bristles (Fig. 7¢); spire depressed, apex obtuse, suture deep, channelled. Whorls 43, increasing regularly, .tumid, subangulated round the narrow but deep umbilicus; last whorl not descending. Aperture lunate, little oblique, margins convergent. Peristome fuscous, thin, little expanded; upper and outer margins arcuate ; basal straightened, forming a slight angle with the columellar margin, which ascends obliquely, is reflexed, and triangularly dilated, impinging upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 10°5, min. 9mm. ; alt. 6mm. Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland. Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection. A pretty little species, unlike any | have seen from that region, but evidently belonging to the group of C. brevipila. This and the preceding species were received with Brazier’s MS. names, which I have adopted, as specimens may have been distributed to other collectors under those names. Cutoritis Mansonensis, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 9-98. Shell moderately umbilicated, thin, translucent, shining, corneous, rather evenly and distantly ribbed above and at the side, slightly striated below, the striz decussated by distant shallow spiral sulci. Spire strongly depressed, apex obtuse, suture rather deep. Whorls 43, a little flattened above and below, rounded at the periphery ; obtusely angulated round the moderate, deep umbilicus; last whorl descending a little, and slightly deflexed in front, a little dilated towards the mouth. Aperture rotundate-lunate, oblique; margins con- vergent; peristome thin, not thickened, slightly expanded, columellar margin slightly dilated above and impinging upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16, min. 13°5 mm.; alt. 8mm. ~ Hab.—Tonkin. Type in my collection. . From Mr. Fruhstorfer I received this shell with the MS. name “ Mansonensis, Mlldff.,”? but as it does not appear to have been published I venture to describe and figure it. The species is allied to C. insularis, but that shell possesses 5} whorls, and measures 18mm. It is also more depressed in the spire, while it lacks the riblets of the new species. CHLORITIS RUFOFASCIATA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 8—8e. Shell umbilicated, discoid, fragile, translucent, pale corneous, with a narrow, red, supra-peripheral band, finely and regularly striated, very minutely and densely granulated, the granules arranged in quincunx (Fig. 8c); spire plane, suture impressed. Whorls 4, convex above, obtusely angulated above the periphery, obliqueiy sloping and convex below, distinctly angulated round the funnel-shaped umbilicus ; last whorl slightly descending in front, not deflexed. Aperture securiform, scarcely oblique ; margins a little convergent, united by a thin callus. Peristome thin, acute, white, a little expanded; upper margin nearly straight, outer strongly curved, basal nearly straight, forming an angle with the columellar margin, which is reflexed, triangularly dilated, and impinges slightly upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12 mm.; alt. 7mm. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. LTab.—West Sumatra. Type in Mr. Sykes’ collection. , Allied to C. Smithi, but not tubercled like that species. It is smaller, the last whorl is not deflexed, not concave above the periphery, and the peristome is thinner and not reflexed. Cutoritis Syxest, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 10-10¢. Shell umbilicated, depressed conoid, pale corneous, fragile, trans- lucent, shining under a velvety cuticle (Fig. 10c), finely striated, covered with very short, crowded, pale bristles arranged in quincunx. Spire subplane, apex sunk, suture impressed. Whorls 43, convex above, rounded at the side, slightly compressed below, obtusely angulated round the moderate pervious umbilicus; last whorl scarcely descending, not deflexed in front, slightly dilated towards the mouth. Aperture crescentic, little oblique, margins convergent ; peristome thin, fuscous, shortly reflexed ; upper and outer margins arcuate, basal forming an obtuse angle with the columellar margin, which is nearly vertical, slightly dilated above, shortly ascending forward, and slightly impinging upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16°5, min. 14°5 mm.; alt. 10 mm. Hab.—West Sumatra. Type in Mr. Sykes’ collection. The present species resembles C. Fruhstorferd in contour, but is a little more depressed, the hairs are much crowded, not tubercled; the peristome is thinner, and the columellar margin less dilated. Compared with C. Everetti, the whorls are less tumid, and the umbilicus is wider. Another ally is C. tabularis, but that species is larger, less depressed, darker in colour, the columellar margin is less oblique, the umbilicus narrower, less obliquely excavated, and less angulated, while the hairs are slightly less crowded. This and the preceding species were kindly placed in my hands for description by Mr. Sykes. CuLonitis EURYCHASMA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 11-11e. Shell perforate, compressed conoid, pale corneous, rather thin, translucent, finely striated, covered with very short, crowded hairs arranged in quincunx (Fig. 11¢). Spire conoid, apex prominent, suture impressed. Whorls 4 (the first two minutely granulated), convex above, obtusely angulated at the periphery, becoming rounded towards the mouth, tumid below; last whorl descending shortly, abruptly deflexed in front below the periphery, gibbous and then narrowly constricted behind the peristome. Aperture obovate, margins distant, united by a somewhat solid callus on the parietal wall. Peristome fuscous, a little thickened, shortly reflexed; upper, outer, and basal margins arcuate, columellar broadly dilated, more than half covering the narrow perforation of the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 15, min. 13°5 mm. ; alt. 11 mm. Hab.—Sjerah Island (? Sera), north of Tenimber. Type in my collection. I have adopted the MS. name C. eurychasma, Boettger, under which the shell was received by the writer from the late Bruno Strubell. GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. iia The name occurs in Mr. Fulton’s list in Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. iit (1899), p. 213, but, as far as 1 am aware, no description was ever published. In the shape of the aperture and the broadly dilated columellar margin of the peristome, the new species resembles C. Romaensis, but that shell is more globose, more elevated in the spire, the umbilicus is completely covered, and the cuticle is devoid of hairs or scars. 9 10 Genus CHLORITIS, Beck. Section CHtoriris, s.s. . ungulina, Linn.; var. minor, Fér. Ceram. . Eduard, Gude. Moluccas. unguiculina, Mart. ; var. fusca, Gude.” Buru. . biomphala, Pir. Ceram, Celebes, ‘Taliabu. omphalospura, Mildtf.® China. diplomphala, Mildff. China. biconcava, Hde. China. = Outangensis, Crosse. molina, Hde. China. . Minahasse, Sart Celebes. . Martensi, Pfr. Ceram. . cheratomorpha, Tap. New Guinea. . Talabensis, Kob.° Celebes. . heteromphala, Pils. Moluccas. . mima, Fult.7 Buru. C. circumdata, Fér. Aru, Mysol, Waigiou, New Guinea. C. molliseta, Pfr. Mysol. C. pervicina, Smith.® C. Lansbergiana, Dohrn. ? New Guinea. C. Maforensis, Tap.; New Guinea. Var. micromphalus, Pils.; Aru. C. unguiculastra, Mart.; var. Buruensis, Mart.; var. Amboinensis, Mart.; var. pilosa, Mart. Buru, Amboina. C. flexuosa, Pfr.= Ceramensis, Pir. Ceram. C. unguicula, Fér.= Yoldii, Mirch. Ceram, Amboina. C. Ponsonbyi, Gude. Moluccas. Section Prycuocutoritis, Mlldff.° C. Grunert, Pir. Buru. C. mirabilis, Mildff." Buru. C. holoserica, n.sp."° New Guinea. Se See Soe oR Se Ante, p. 41. Ante, p. 41. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1897, p. 29. Die Land-Mollusken von Celebes, 1899, p. 199, pl. xxv, fig. 250. Abh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. vi (1896-7), No. 5, p. 3- Man. Conch., vol. vi (1891), pl. li, figs. 60-62. (No description.) Gude, ante, p. 43. Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii (1899), p. 214, pl. xi, fig. 7. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xx (1897), p. 411, pl. ix, figs. 8-10. Ante, p. 42. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1902, p. 199. 1! Loe. cit., p. 199. 2 Ante, p. 106. C. C PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. exacta, Pfr. New Guinea. . Buruana, Mildff.! Buru. C. macrostuma, Gude.? Bangaya, Nulla. C . latecostata, Kob.* Borneo. C. Balantensis, Kob.* C. Beddomei, u.sp.2 New Guinea. C. C, C. selenitoides, Fult.© Buru. Section Evsromopsis, n. Type, C. eustoma. eustoma, Pfr.; New Georgia, Solomon Islands. Var. erinaceus, Pfr.; New Georgia, New Ireland. Moellendorffi, Anc.’ Tuom Island, New Georgia. C. Simbangensis, Kob.8 New Guinea. C. C. C. subtilis, Gude. New Guinea. Durandi, Bay. & Dautz.° Tonkin. Leet, Cox; Louisiade Archipelago. Var. Sudestensis, Hedl."; Sudest Island. Var. Woodlarkensis, Hedl."*; Woodlark Island. Var. Papuensis, Hedl.*; New Guinea. C. multisetosa, Fult.\ C. C, C. teres, n.sp. New Ireland. tenebriva, Fult.;!° var. pallida, Gude ;" var. tumida, Gude.'* New Treland. subcorpulenta, Smith. Louisiade Archipelago. C. discordialis, Fer. New Iveland. C. fausta, Gude.’ New Ireland. C. Dentrecasteauxi, Smith. Admiralty Islands. C. murina, Pir. Admiralty Islands. C. ursina, Pfr. Admiralty Islands. C. delphax, Dohrn.* New Guinea. C. dinodeomorpha, Tap.** New Guinea. MEocacitt; palo. 2 Ante, p. 42. Al YA Aon Pw Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1894), p. 700, pl. ce, figs. 3, 4. yh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. vi (1896-7), No. 5, p. 2. Ante, p. 106. Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii (1899), p. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897, 215, pl. xij fig. .9. S€r., 1, VOl. x, ps (io, pl. XXXVI, eloomaes Gude, ante, p. 44. 8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1898, p. 93. 9 Ar ote, p. 44. 10 Journ. de Conchyl., 1900, pp. 111, 441, pl. x1, figs. 1-3. 1! Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1891, ser. 11, vol. vi, p. 838. ISLOCAClta eps ioe IS Troc..cit sp. So. 14 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ix (1902), p. 315. 15 Ante, p. 106. 16 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ix (1902), p. 316. '7 Ante, p. 45. 1® Ante, p. 45. 9 Ante, p. 45. 20 Cx Oe Uy mch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1893), p. 648, pl. clxxxvi, figs. 6-7. oc. cit., p. 648, pl. clxxxvi, figs. 8, 9. GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 113 C. Lintere, Gude.' C. fuscopurpurea, Smith. Woodlark Island. C. ephamilla, Smith.? New Guinea. C. perambigua, Smith. New Guinea. C. nephele, Strub.° New Guinea. C. silenus, Ang.=conjuncta, Gude.’ New Ireland. C. Gammardi, Desh.=adustus, Hinds. New Ireland. C. exigua, Gude.’ New Ireland. C. fraterna, Gude.? New Ireland. Section Suxcosasts, Tap. C. sulcosa, Pfr. Aru Islands. C. rubra, Alb. Mysol; Aru Islands. C. concisa, Fer. Aru Islands; New Guinea. C. Cumingi, Gude.’ New Guinea. C. Beatricis, Tap. New Guinea. C. leptocochlea, Anc.° German New Guinea. C. Rohdet, Dohrn.’ New Guinea. C. Djammensis, Kob.* Djamma Island, New Guinea. C. lepidophora, Dohrn.’* New Guinea. C. anceps, Strub.'* Ferguson Island, New Guinea. C. Minnegerodei, Strub.” Normanby Island, New Guinea. C. Rehset, Mart.= Gerrardi, Smith; var. obtecta, Reinh. New Guinea. C. fraudulenta, n.sp."° New Guinea. C. Prestoni, Gude.” New Guinea. C. globosa, Preston; var. major, Smith.!2 New Guinea. C. stirophora, Smith;* var. Collingwoodensis, Preston. 1 Journ. Malac., vol. xii (1905), p. 13, pl. iii, fig. 5. 2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. 11 (1897), p. 288, pl. xvii, figs. 12-14. 3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xv (1895), p. 282; vol. xvi, p. 3638, pl. xx, fig. 10. Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1895), p. 823, pl. ecxxiii, figs. 7, 8. 4 Loe. cit., vol. xv, p. 233; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx, fig. 11. 5 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1895, p.151; Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1895), p. 822, pl. ccxxill, figs. 5, 6. 8 Ante, p. 47. 7 Ante, p. 48. § Ante, p. 47. 9 Ante, p. 48. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897, ser. 11, vol. x, p. 772, pl. xxxvi, fig. 1. MN Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1893), p. 644, pl. clxxxv, figs. 3, 4. Me loc.cit., p. 699) pl. ec, figs. 1, 2. 13 Loe. cit., p. 644, pl. clxxxv, figs. 5-8. 4 Loc. cit., p. 821, pl. cexxin, figs. 1, 2. 15 Loe. cit., p. 822, pl. cexxiil, figs. 3, 4. 16 Ante, p. 107. 7 Journ. Malac., vol. ix (1904), p. 114, figs. 1-4. 18 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v (1902), p. 17, fig. 1. 19 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. xvi (1905), p. 194. 20 Op. cit., ser. vi, vol. xv (1895), p. 231; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx, fig. 9. Journ. Malac., vol. v (1896), p.17; Moss & Webb, ib., p. 33, pl. iu, figs. 1, 2 ; shell, figs. 3-7, anatomy. 21 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v (1902), p. 17, fig. 5. 114 C. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Bougainville’, Pir.= Angasiana, Newe. Solomon Islands. C. majuscula. New Hanover; New Ireland; Admiralty Islands. ¢. C. NES AG Ces > YS A SO ee Em YY > Yee gS) we Ged oe fsis, Pfr. Admiralty Islands. " quercina, Pfr.; Solomon Islands. Var. Hombroni, Pfr.=Janellit, Hombr. & Jacq.; Solomon Islands; Admiralty Island. Section Ausrrocutoritis, Pils. . Spinet, Cox=hystrix, Cox. Queensland. . Portert, Cox. Queensland. . mansueta, Pfr. Queensland; New South Wales. . Challenger?, n.sp.' Queensland. . Blackaili, Braz. Queensland. . Buxtoni, Braz. Thursday Island. . brevipila, Pfr. Victoria; South Australia; New South Wales; Queensland ; islands in Torres Straits. . aste@us, D.sp.* Queensland. . Novocambrica, Gude.’ New South Wales. . disjuncta, Gude.t| New South Wales. Layardi, Gude.’ Islands in Torres Straits. . Agamemnon, u.sp.2 Queensland. . mendax, Mart. Timor. . rhodochila, Mildff.7. Timorlaut (Tenimber). . aridorum, Cox. Queensland. pelodes, Pfr. = prunum, auct. (non Fer.) = pseudoprunum, Pile North-West Australia. Coxent, Cox. Queensland. . Bennetti, Braz. Queensland. . Blackmani, Cox. Queensland. . Coxene, Braz. Queensland. . mucida, Pir. Percy Isles, north-east coast of Australia. . occulta, Pfr. Aru Islands. . chloritoides, Pils. New Guinea. . Micholitzi, Mildff. Tenimber. C. C. C. C. C. goniostoma, Mildff.; var. major, Mlldff. Tenimber. telitecta, Mlldff. 'T'enimber. tenuctesta, Mlldff. Tenimber. rectilabrum, Smith. North-West Australia. millepunctata, Smith®; Baudin Island. Var. Cassiniensis, Smith '°; Cassini Island. 1 Ante, p. 108. 2 Ante, p. 108. 3 Ante, p. 49. * Ante, p. 49. > Ante, p. 49. § Ante, p. 108. 7 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1892, p. 95. ® Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. i (1894), p. 88, pl. vii, fig. 14. 9 Loe. cit., p. 88, pl. vii, fig. 11. 10 Loe: cit., p. 88, pl. vi, fig. 12: GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 115 Maforinsule, Preston.! Mafor Island, New Guinea. argillacea, Fér.=cyclostomopsis, Lea. Timor, Flores, Solor, Sumba, Adonare, Rawak, Alor, Boneratu, Oinanisa. Romaensis, Mlldff.2, Roma. eurychasma,® n.sp. Sjerah I., Moluccas. subplicifera, Smith.t New Guinea. ase Se Section Tricnocutortitts, Pils. Hungerfordiana, Nev. China; Formosa. . Tanqueryt, Cr. & F. Cochin China. Condoriana, Cr. & F. Pulu Condor. . Norodomiana, Morl. Cambodia. Fourest, Morl. . Cambodia ; Siam. C. propinqua, Ptr. India. C. delibrata, Bens.; Bengal; =procumbens, Gould; Assam, Burma. Var. fasciatia, G.-A.; Assam. Var. Ahasiensis,G.-A.; Assam. C. gabata, Gould; Burma. Var. Merguiensis, Phil.; Mergui. C. pilisparsa, Mart.® Celebes. C. Smithi, Bock. Sumatra. C. rufofasciata, n.sp.6 Sumatra. C. caseus, Pfr. Siam; Laos ; Cambodia. C. Lambineti, Bav. & Dautz.’? Tonkin. C. Siamensis, Mildtt.2 Siam. C. platytropis, Mildff.2 Malay Peninsula. C. Mansonensis, n.sp."° Tonkin. C. athriz, Mildff.1! Tonkin. C. insularis, Mildff. Tonkin. C. miara, Mab. Tonkin. C. Herziana, Mildff. Hainan. C. rhinocerotica, Hde. Cochin China. CO. Franciscanorum, Gredl. ; var. purpurea, Gredl. China. C. seriatiseta, Roch. Cambodia. C. Malayana, Mildff. Perak. C. percussa, Hde. China. C. breviseta, Pir. Siam; Perak. C. microtricha, Mildff..% Annam. QQ S2e2 1 Op. cit., vol. v (1902), p. 18, fig. 3. 2 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1903, p. 156. 3 Ante, p. 110. 4 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xv (1895), p. 232; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx, fig. 12. 5 Land-Mollusken von Celebes, 1899, p. 198, pl. xxv, fig. 249. 6 Ante, p. 109. 7 Journ. de Conchyl., 1899, p. 28, pl. i, fig. 3. 8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 156. 9 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 150, pl. xvi, fig. 10. 10 Ante, p. 109. 11 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1901, p. 73. 12 Loc. cit., p. 113. 13 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1898, p. 71. _ — (op) PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. . tenella, Pfr. Siam. . submissa, Desh. China. . deliciosa, Pfr. Cambodia. . remoratrix, Morl. Cambodia. Lemeslei, Morl.!| Tonkin. Marimberti, Bav. & Dautz.? Tonkin. Balansai, Morl.; var. concta, Dautz. & Fisch Tonkin. . guinaria, Pfr. Cambodia. . Shaniea, Bedd. Burma. . Colletti, Bedd. Burma. . bifoveata, Bens. Burma. . diplochone, Mildff.4 Annam. . nautiloides, Val. Hab.? . Samuiana, Mildff.6 Samui Archipelago. . erassula, Phil.=Storiana, Mouss. Java; Sumatra. . Gereti, Bay. & Dautz.6 Tonkin. . brachystoma, Mart.” Borneo. . Aiihni, Mildff.6 Buru. . helicinoides, Mouss. Java. . Everettt, H. Ad. Borneo. . tetragyra, Mildff.2 Java. . Fruhstorfert, Mildff.° Java. . transversalis, Mouss. Java; Bali. . conjecta, Smith."’ Sumba. . hemiopta, Bens. Andaman Islands. . meander, G.-A. Borneo. plena, G.-A.; Labuan. Var. Celebensis, Smith”; Celebes. . tabularis, Gude.* Sumatra. . Sykesi, n.sp.* Sumatra. . albodentata, Smith.” Flores. . Sibutuensis, Smith.!® Sulu Islands. . Suluana, Mildff."" Sulu Islands. . Penangensis, Stol. Perak; Penang. SSeS on SSS O0C9 C0 SCC SOS S OSS eee Seas Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 249, pl. vii, fig. 1. Journ. de Conchyl., 1905, p. 90, pl. iii, figs. 5-9. Op. cit., 1900, pp. 111, 440, pl x, figs. 4-6. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1898, p. 72. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 150. Journ. de Conchyl., 1900, pp. 112, 442, pl. ix, figs. 7-9. Sitz. Ber. Ges. naturf. Berlin, 1903, p. 422. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 198. Ib., 1897, p. 68. Ib., 1897, p. 68. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ili (1899), p. 410. * Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. ii (1896), p. 97. Journ. Malac., vol. x (19038), p. 48, pl. iii, fig. 6. Ante, p. 110. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vit, vol. iii (1899), p. 411; Gude, Journ. of Malac., vol. x (1908), pl. iu, fig. 7. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xiii (1894), p. 53, pl. iv, fig. 4. 7 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1894, p. 209. GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. ee . tomentosa, Pfr. Borneo; Sumatra; Banguey; Karamon. . Kinabaluensis, Kob.! = Kinibalensis, Kob.* Borneo. . Dammaensis, Smith? = subcarinata, Mldff.t Damma Island ; Oinainisa Island. . Euphrosyne, Smith.’ Panalingoan I., 8. W. of Palawan. . brevidens, Pir. Mindoro. . albolabris, Pils.6 Loo Choo. . Hirasei, Pils.’ Japan. . subsuleata, Mildff.* Philippine Islands. . Fultoni, Mildtf.2 Mindoro. . Malbatensis, Hid.’ Philippine Islands. . Malangensis, Bullen.’ Java. . Leytensis, Mildff.2; Luzon; Leyte. Var. Samarensis, MIldff.” ; Samar. quieta, Rve. Mindanao. . nquieta, Dohrn.“* Palawan. . bracteata, Pils. Japan. fragilis, Gude."® Japan. C. pumila, Gude." Japan. C. oscitans, Mart. Japan. | C. Echizenensis, Pils." Japan. C. perpunctata, Pils.1° Japan. C. Tosana, Pils. ;?° var. Osumiensis, Pils." Japan. C. obscura, Pils. Loo Choo. QAQ2 Saeeq Ssscesaace 1 Smith: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 118, pl. iii, fig. 16. 2 Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1894), p. 706, pl. cci, figs. 5, 6. 3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vi, vol. xiv (1894), p: 62. ‘ Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1899, p. 156. 5 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 113, pl. iii, fig. 17. Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1897), p. ee ‘pl. cexxvill, fig. 7. Hid., Obras Malac., vol. i (1 901), p. 190, pl. elvi, fig. 3. ® Nautilus, vol. xvi (1902), p. 76. 7 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1901 (1902), » 565. 8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., ee p- 95. Hidalgo: Obras Malac., vol. i (1901), p. 190, pl. exxxiv, figs. 1c ® Abh. Naturf. Ges., Gorlitz, vol. xxii “(1898), p- 96, Ha p. 70. 10 Obras Malac., vol. i (1901), p. 132, p- 189; pl. xx, fig. 1 11 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1905), p. 192, pl. xi, fig. 2. 12 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1890, p. 203; “Ber. Senck. Ges., 1893, p. 80, pl. iui, fig. 8. 13 Abh. Naturt. Ges., Gorlitz, vol. xxii (eee p. 95, reprint p. 70. 14 Conch Cab., Helix, vol. iv (1893), p. 652, pl. elxxxvii, figs. 9, 10; Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea ; ? error. Hid., Obras Malac., vol. i (1901), Dp: 192. 15 Nautilus, vol. xvi (1902), p. 21. 16 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv (1900), p. 70, pl. viii, figs. 18-20; Pils. ib., vol. vi (1905), p. 290, pl. xiv, figs. 14, 16-19 (anatomy). 17 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1901, p. 617. 18 Nautilus, vol. xvi (1908), p. 116. 19 Tb., vol. xv (1902), p. 116. 20 Tb., vol. xvi (1903), p. 184; vol. xvii (1903), p. 31. 1 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1904, p. 629. 22aTibs, Ds O28. 118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. owr- 4 5 6 7 Section Anpersta, H. Ad. C. granulata, Q. & G. New Guinea, Waigiou. C. Wargiouensis, Sykes.’ Waigiou. C. pubicepa, Mart.; Halmaheira; Batjan ; = Waterstraati, MUldff.’ ; Obi. C. Obiensis, Mart. * = Obrana, MUdff. * =omissa, Dautz.® Obi. C. subspherica, Fult.6 Gebi Island. C. ariontiformis, Kob.7_ Djamma Island, New Guinea. C. pseudocorasia, Strub. Halmaheira. C. zonulata, Fér.=lemniscata, Less. New Guinea; Waigiou; Aru Islands. Var. Reclusiana, Le Guil.; New Guinea. C. tenuis, Pir. Hab.? EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. Fic. 1. Chloritis Beddomei, n.sp. Figs. 2, 2a. ,, holoseriea, n.sp. By Ch Bie ae teres, N.Sp. Fic. 4. 5 sraudulenta, n.sp. Figs. 5-56. 4, — Challengeri, n.sp. 6-6¢e. ,, asteus, sp. 5, (-Te. 4, Agamemnon, u.sp. 8-8e. ,, rufofasciata, D.sp. 9-96. ,, Mansonensis, n.sp. 10-10e. ,, Sykesi, n.sp. », Ll-lle. ,, — ewryehasma, usp. Journ. of Malac., vol. xi (1904), p. 88, pl. ix, fig. 16. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 189. Sitz. Ber. Ges. naturf. Berlin, 1898, p. 161; Arch. fiir Naturg., 1899, p. 28, pl. iui, figs. 6, 7. Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 191. Le Naturaliste, vol. xxiv (1902), p. 247, fig. 2. Journ. of Malac., vol. xi (1904), p. 53, pl. iv, figs. 8, 9. Conch. Cab., Heliz, Abth. iv (1894), p. 707, pl. cci, figs. 9, 10. fou, VIL. ase. > 1 AFA .Searle, del et bth Huth, izop NEW GPEGIES OF GHEORIT US. Hg) ON THE OCCURRENCE OF VERTIGO PARCEDENTATA, AL. BRAUN, IN HOLOCENE DEPOSITS IN GREAT BRITAIN. By A. 8. Kenwarp, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., ete. Read 6th April, 1906. In 1890 Mr. T. Scott noted the occurrence in a Holocene deposit at Kirkland Leven, Scotland, of a form of Vertigo, which, although resembling V. pygmea, yet, since it was edentulous, might prove to be a distinct species, and he suggested the provisional name of V. coneinna.* In 1891 this form was described and figured by the same author, the provisional name of concinna being again used.? In the same year Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell pointed out that there might be confusion between this species and Pupa coneinna, Lowe, from Madeira, which suggestion Mr. Scott, in the note immediately following, accepted, and proposed the new name of Levenensis.* The species was stated to be not uncommon in the Kirkland deposit. Since its discovery it has not been noted in any other locality. Several years ago Prof. T. Rupert Jones gave one of us some material from a Holocene deposit at Stamford, and on working it over it yielded a fair number of this species. It had always appeared to us, however, that this form, though certainly distinct from all other British forms, would probably prove to be a previously described continental species, and after a careful perusal of the literature we came to the conclusion that it was probably identical with Vertigo parcedentata, Al. Braun. We therefore submitted examples of the Stamford shells to Dr. O. Boettger, who most kindly informed us that they agreed with the variety Genesi2, Gredler, of V. parcedentata. This species is very variable as to the number of teeth. Typical parcedentata possess one or two teeth (the single-toothed form being known as var. glandicula, Sandb.), and is very much rarer than the edentulous form var. Genesit. This latter form is known in a recent state from St. Genesien, near Bozen, in the Tyrol; from Oester- goetland, Sweden (Westerlund); and Isarauswurf, near Munich. The var. Genesti has been recorded in a fossil state by Dr. Boettger from the Pleistocene of Mosbach, Kleinert, near Grosszimmern, the 1 «Preliminary notes on a Post-Tertiary Fresh-water Deposit at Kirkland Leven and at Elie, Fifeshire’’: Proce. Royal Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. x, p. 334. 2 Scottish Naturalist, 1891. T. Scott: ‘*Some notes on the Scotch species of the Molluscan genus Vertigo,” p. 49 and pl. i. EeOp cit.) p. 141 4 Op. cit., p. 141. 120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Loess of Schierstein Heidingsfeld and Regensburg, and in the Holocene of Grossen Bruchs, near Traisa (province of Starkenburg and of Zusmarshausen, near Augsburg).’ Dr. E. W. Wiist, in 1903, gave the following additional localities : Pleistocene of Vilzenburg and Osterode, Loess, in the neighbourhood of Strassburg, Roten Hause, near Eckbolsheim, and of Hurst’schen Ziegeleigrube near Achenheim?; whilst Dr. Boettger informs us that it has also been recorded from the peat of Kutzenhausen by S. Clessin and the Loess of Pelleracker Pinningen, near Basel, by Dr. A. Gutzwiller. It will thus be seen that the names concinna and Levenensis must be added to the already overburdened list of synonyms of V. parcedentata, whilst an extremely interesting continental species must now be included in our list of extinct non-marine mollusca. 1 Dr. O. Boettger, ‘‘ Die Entwicklung der Pupa-Arten’’: Jahrb. d. nassau. Ver. f. Naturk., Jahrg. xxii, 1889, pp. 308-310. 2 « Pleistozine Fl ussablacerungen mit S. schumacherit in Thiringen und in nordlichen Harz-Vorlande”’: Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaften, 1903, Bd. lxxv, p. 316. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 121 ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, llta# May, 1906. E. R. Syxes, B.A., President, in the Chair. Edward Comber was elected a member of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘ Note on the subgenus Malluvium, Melvill.”” By E. A. Smith, .S.0. 2. ‘Notes on some species of Mitride, with the description of M. Brettinghami, n.sp.” By KE. A. Smith, 1.8.0. 3. ‘On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part II.” By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., F.L.S. 4, ‘Report upon a Collection of Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verd Islands, with notes by C. Crossland.’’ By Sir Charles Eliot, K.C.M.G. 5. ‘Notes on Indian and’ Ceylonese Species of Glessula.”’ By Col. R. H. Beddome, F.L.S. Mr. A. S. Kennard, on behalf of Mr. Collier, exhibited a number of specimens of Helix nemoralis from the West of Ireland showing extreme variation in size. Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of Amussium from the Gulf of Manaar. _ Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited some molluscan egg-capsules. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 8rH June, 1906. E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair. Dr. J. Thiele was elected a member of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘ Mollusca of the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions, 1869-1870. Supple- mental Notes, Part III.” By HE. R. Sykes, B.A. 2. “On the dates of publication of the ‘ Mineral Conchology’ and ‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.’”’? By E. R. Sykes, B.A. 3. ‘ Note on a new variety (var. longispira) of Olwa ispidula.” By F. G. Bridgman. 4. “On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry.” By H. A. Pilsbry. 5. “On Burtoa nilotica and its relationship to Achatina.” By A. Reynell. VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 9 122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. - NOTE ON THE SUBGENUS MALLUVIUM, MELVILL. By Epear A. Surra, I.8.0. Read 11th May, 1906. In the last part of these Proceedings (p. 81) Mr. Melvill has made some observations upon the genera Amalthea of Schumacher and Capulus of Montfort, and has created a new subgenus of the former to include a species described by me as Capulus lissus. 1 do not agree with the conclusions he has arrived at, hence the few following remarks. Schumacher included two species in his genus Amalthea, namely, A. conica (= Patella australis, Lamk.) and A. maxima (= the well- known Capulus hungaricus). The latter had already been appropriated by Montfort for his genus Capulus, and therefore Amalthea is typically represented by the first species, A. conica. The account of the animal of this species given by Quoy & Gaimard (Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. iii, p. 434, pl. lxxii, figs. 25-34) shows that it is practically of the same character as that of MWipponyx antiquatus (see Fischer, Man. de Conch., p. 753, fig. 519), which is the type of that genus, for ‘“ H. mitrata, Gmelin,” as quoted by Defrance, the author of the genus Hipponyx, is presumably merely a misprint of mitrula, Gmelin, which is synonymous with HI. antiquatus. With regard to Amalthea, Messrs. H. & A. Adams observe that it is ‘like Concholepas {= Hipyponyx]|, but it simply excavates with its foot a superficial cavity in the surface of the shell or stone on which it fixes itself, not forming a shelly plate distinct from the substratum.”’ Such, however, is not invariably the case, for sometimes a shelly base, although it may be thin, is certainly secreted. It is also stated by Dr. Turton that he had in his collection a specimen of Capulus hungaricus which had formed ‘‘a thin laminar under-valve,’’ but Jeffreys thought he must have been mistaken. His account of the circumstance, however, is so exact that I see no reason to doubt it. Tryon observes concerning Hipponyx, ‘the same species will either excavate a cavity to which it adheres, or secrete a testaceous support.” Seeing, therefore, that the same species of Amalthea, and perhaps Capulus also, either may or may not construct a shelly basal support, this cannot be regarded as an essential generic feature. The Capulus lissus wpon which Mr. Melvill has founded his subgenus IMalluvium appears to form a thickened shelly base only under exceptional circumstances. On a specimen of LRostellaria delicatula from the Bay of Bengal it has formed a scar on the surface, and only secreted a film of callus and a slight thickening at the edge of the depression. The fact of its being smooth, instead of radiately striated like other species, does not seem to me of subgeneric value, nor do I regard the presence or absence of colour-rays of any importance. SMITH: ON MALLUVIUM. 123 If difference of sculpture be sufficient to constitute a new subgenus, we might propose one for Capulus irregularis, Smith, which is neither smooth nor radiately ridged or striated, but only concentrically lamellated. It also possesses one of the other features characteristic of Malluvium, namely, colour-rays. To sum up—(1) We have at present no knowledge of the soft parts of this molluse (C. lissus), SO that it is impossible to say whether it will show greater affinity with Capulus or Amalthea.. (2) Conchologically it differs only from Amalthea in being smooth instead of radiately ridged or striated, a feature even variable in degree among the known species, for A, australis (Lamk.), the type of the genus, is very strongly radiately costate, whereas 4. antiqguata (Linn.) is conspicuously concentrically lamellated with only very faint delicate strie. I think, therefore, that Malluvium, at all events, may be regarded as premature, if not unnecessary. In conclusion, I may point out that the genus Hipponix (sic) was described by Defrance in the Journ. de Physique, 1819, vol. lxxxviil, p. 215, and not in the Bull. Soc. Philom., 1819, p. 9, which is only a notice of it by Blainville. ; 1 Since this was written the radulw, extracted from some dned-up specimens, have been very kindly examined by Professor H. M. Gwatkin. He is of opinion that, among the genera known to him, the odontophore of @. lissus is certainly nearest that of Amalthea. 124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF MITRIDA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF UM. BRETTINGHAN], n.spv. By Epear A. Surru, 1.8.0. Read 11th May, 1906. ConsIDERABLE confusion exists respecting the names which should be applied to certain species of Mitra which have been described and figured in the various monographs of this genus under the names M. versicolor, M. nebulosa, M. propinqua, and MW. infecta, and in order to clear up the confusion [ beg to submit the following notes and synonymy. Mirra versicotor, Martyn. Mitra versicolor, Martyn, Univers. Conch., vol. i, fig. 23 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., vol. u, fig. 2; Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv, fig. 44; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xxxii, fig. 6; Dohrn, Malak. Blatt., 1861, vol. viii, p. 134. Voluta nubila, Gmelin, Syst. nat., p. 3450. Hab.—Friendly Is. (Martyn) ; Zanzibar (Reeve); Viti and Tonga Is. (Garrett). In rectifying the synonymy of this species, Dohrn unfortunately fell into an error with regard to the next, having overlooked a note respecting it by A. Adams in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1851. Mirra proprnaua, A. Adams. Mitra propinqgua, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 270. HM. nebulosa, Reeve (non (Swainson) Broderip), Conch. Icon., vol. ii, fig. 3; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. iv, pl. eccliv, fig. 39. M. versicolor, partim, Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xxxii, figs. 7, 8 (bad); Kiener (non Martyn), Coq. Viv., pl. vii, fig. 18. MW. erronea, Dohrn, Malak. Bliatt., 1861, vol. vin, p. 134. Hab.—Madagascar (Reeve) ; Zanzibar (Sowerby and Mus. Cuming) ; Viti and Tonga Is. (Garrett). This species is very closely related to the preceding, JL. versicolor, and it is possible that an extended series of specimens might afford the connecting links. It seems to be a more slender form, more strongly punctate in the striz, and the coloration is not quite the same. Mirra BrerrinGaaMt, n.sp. Mitra propingua, Sowerby (non A. Adams), Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv, . 8, pl. ecelvi, fig. 59; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv; p. 2 spl. xxx, fie. Testa anguste ovato-fusiformis, alba, strigis longitudinalibus rufo- fuscis, irregularibus, plus minus undulatis, picta, transversim sulcata, sulcis angustissimis, minute punctatis; spira producta, acuminata ; antractus 12(?), apicales abrupti, ceeteri leviter convexiusculi, sutura paululum obliqua sejuncti, ultimus antice leviter ascendens; apertura alba, longit. totius } paulo minor; labrum subincrassatum, ad marginem denticulatum; columella quinque-plicata, infra medium SMITH : ON SPECIES OF MITRIDZ®. 125 eallo crasso induta, callo interdum sursum producto et labro juncto. Long. 70, diam. 23°5 mm. ; apertura 33 mm. longa, 8 lata. . Hab.—? The transverse punctate sulci are eight to nine in number on the penultimate whorl, and about six on the upper whorls. There are about twenty-five on the body-whorl, exclusive of those upon the extreme anterior end. In 1874, when the late Mr. Sowerby published his monograph of the genus Jftra, three specimens of the present species in the British Museum from the Cuming Collection were labelled ‘“ propinqua, A. Ad.’ These the late Mr. Sowerby, evidently without investigation, regarded as correctly named. However, as pointed out by Tryon, they belong to quite a distinct species, and it is to be regretted that he did not at the time give it a distinctive name. The name | propinqua was subsequently used by Garrett! for two species of Mitride, namely, Mitra propinqua, from the Society Islands, and Turricula propingua from the Viti Islands. As nothing is known of these species beyond their descriptions, no figures of them having yet appeared, it seems advisable at present not to suggest fresh names for them, but to wait until we have more evidence of their validity as distinct species. A few months ago Mr. Sowerby kindly called my attention to this confusion of nomenclature, and therefore, with his permission, I have associated with this fine but hitherto wrongly named species the name of Brettingham, a patronymic connected with five successive generations of the Sowerby family. Mirra NEBULOSA, Broderip. Mitra nebulosa (Swainson, MSS.), Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835, p. 193; Dohrn, Malak. Blatt., 1861, vol. viii, p. 134. M. infecta, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 173; Conch. Icon., vol. ii, fig. 75; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xlvu, fig. 377. Hab —Annaa I., Paumotu Archipelago. Reeve was the first to cause confusion with regard to this species, and, although his error was pointed out by Dohrn, the correction was not noted by the late Mr. Sowerby in his monograph of the genus.? On p. 17 he observes: ‘‘ Erroneously represented in Reeve as a smooth shell.”” This remark, however, is not correct, for Reeve carefully described the species as ‘‘ encircled with impressed striz,’’? which are also faintly indicated in the figure. The shell figured by Mr. Sowerby as M. infecta (pl. ccclxxvii, fig. 607) has quite strong transverse sulci, and appears to me to represent another species. Tryon, as was his wont, made matters worse by lumping together the typical form, Sowerby’s version of it, and the MZ Barelayi of Hanley. The last species is certainly distinct, but allied to WZ abbatis. It is, however, more finely striated, and has not the turreted whorls of that species, although it closely resembles it in style of coloration. 1 Journ. of Conch., vol. iii (1880), pp. 22 and 48. ® Thes. Conch., vol. iv (1874). 126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ON SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA FROM SUMATRA. PARIS LT By Rev. R. Asuineton Butten, F.L.S., F.G.S. Read 11th May, 1906. Tue shells catalogued and described in this communication have come to hand direct from Sumatra since November, 1905. I list them all, as some of the localities are probably new or unknown hitherto. 1. ARIOPHANTA GRANARIA (Bock). Hab.—Mount Sago and Mount Ophir. One specimen has the umbilicus completely covered by a membrane, a quite unusual feature. Two specimens are young and show very marked features, differing from the adult form, especially in coloration. 2. ArropHanta MAarsEVEENI (Bock). Hab.—Mount Sago. 3. ArtopHanta (Dyaxra) Surryiana, Gude. Hab.—Mount Sago. 4. Hemiprecra pensa (Ad. & Reeve). Syn. Helix Schumacheriana, Busch. Hab.—Mount Sago, Mount Talang, and Bangkinan. The specimen from Bangkinan is immature. I have specimens also from the Malay peninsula sent by Mr. Abraham Hale. 5. Xesta eLutrnosa (Metc.). Hab.—Mount Sago. . 6. CuHtoritis TABULARIS, Gude. Hab.—Mount Ophir. 7. Everettira Mataccana (Pfr.). Hab.—Mount Sago. 8. GANESELLA conuLUs (von Marts.). Hab.—Mount Bongson. 9. AMPHIDROMUS sUSPECTUS, von Marts. Hab.—Mount Ophir. 10. Opsas sp. Hab.—Loeboek Bangko. Allied to brevis, Smith. Most probably a variety merely, and not needing a varietal name. The ova are still within the shells. 1 Part I, see Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vii, pp. 12-16, pl. il. BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA, 127 11, Cravstrra Sumatrana, Martens; and 12, C. rosusrior, n.sp. Dr. E. von Martens! described two forms of his Claustlia Sumatrana, which he termed var. @ and var. 6. He did not, however, give them the varietal names, attenuata and brevior, as stated by Mr. Sykes,? those being merely the first words of the descriptions respectively. I have never seen such a large specimen (313 mm. in length) of the var. a, as described by Martens, the largest example that has come under my notice being only 30mm. long, the actual length of Martens’ figure. When placed side by side with the var. 6 (hereafter named robustior) I cannot believe that they belong to the same species, the form is so very unlike, and the number of whorls is constantly different, judging from the specimens examined. The large example above referred to, from Mount Sago, has 113 whorls, nen are peculiar on account of their exceptional flatness. This, however, may partly be due to attrition. It also presents a very remarkable abnormality of the peristome in the form of a loop at the termination of the lamella superior. This irregularity of growth is doubtless due to an accident, as evidences of a fracture of the lip at this point are observable. It is, however, so very peculiar that I have thought it worth figuring. The sculpture of the body-whorl, which is only slightly worn, is not quite similar to that of the short form (var. db), being a trifle coarser, but the 5 plice suturales, which vary in number from 5-7 in the short variety, are of the same character exactly. Three other examples of this species from Loeboek Bangko are intermediate in size between vars. a and 6, being 25 mm. in length, and consist of 10-103 whorls. They are conspicuously more slender than var. d (robustior) and the spire more tapering, but in sculpture and with regard to the plice they are almost similar, the former, however, being coarser, as in the large abnormal specimen from Mount Sago. ’ Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., vol. ii, p. 379, pl. xxii, figs. 17-17c. 2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. i, p. 28. 128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Var. vicaria. A single small specimen from Mount Singalong, 16 mm. in length, 3°75 wide, of a dark purple-brown colour, with a white peristome, and consisting of 94 whorls. Placing this shell beside var. a or var. 6, the great difference of size seems to indicate more than varietal rank; indeed, although up to the present it has appeared advisable to regard these in the hght of varieties of a single species, it seems more than likely, when their range is known and the animals studied, both alive and anatomically, that differences will be discovered by which we shall be enabled to distinguish them specifically. It may be that we are really dealing . with two, if not three, distinct species, namely, var. a, which should be regarded as typical Swmatrana, var. b, which would require a name, brevior being already in use, and var. vicaria, a name which it might retain as a species. At present, however, I am certainly of opinion that the so-called var. 6 should be considered a distinct species from the rest, its form being very different, the whorls only 84 in number, and the sculpture finer. For this shell I therefore propose the name Clausilia robustior. A specimen in the Natural History Museum is marked Kepahiang. The var. vicaria of Sykes should, I think, at present be regarded as a variety of Sumatrana, for, although it is more glossy and smaller, still the sculpture is of about the same strength, and the form and proportions of the shell are similar. In conclusion, I would refer to the relative proportional length of the two last whorls compared with the rest of the spire. In robustior the upper part! occupies about 4+ of the entire length, whereas in Sumatrana and var. vicaria it occupies just #, and in the abnormal specimen, above described, the length of the two parts of the shell is 14 and 16 mm. respectively. I have placed the specimens mentioned in this note in the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, so that they will always be available for future reference. 1 The portion above the second suture, the aperture being towards the eye. BULLEN : SUMATKAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 129 13, PreRocycLus ASPERSUS, 0.Sp. Testa discoidalis, aperte umbilicata, ad apicem subelata, sordide albida, supra fusco-purpureo tincta; anfractus 44 satis rotundati, sutura profunda discreti, striis incrementi obliquis sculpti, ultimus antice descendens; peristoma duplex, margine exteriori late expanso, tenui, albo, continuo, anfractui conjuncto, interno tenui, continuo ; operculum corneum, tenue, spiraliter carinatum, anfractibus circiter 9 transversim striatis. Diam. maj. 19, min. 14°5mm.; alt. 9mm. Apertura intus 6 mm. Hab.—Loebcek Bangko. % 2 Re drt pat ow The adult specimens are denuded of periostracum, and are coloured as described above, but an immature specimen consisting of three whorls and probably belonging to this species, is yellowish, copiously blotched above and below with rich brown markings, and it also exhibits a somewhat broken-up peripheral zone. Under a strong lens the protoconch is beautifully spirally punctate. The centre of the operculum, which is concave, is also very finely spirally striated. 14. Lepropoma Furtont, Aldrich. Hab.—Bongsoe. 15. Istpora (Burinus) Sumatrana, von Marts. Hab.—Mount Ophir. Four examples possess seven whorls, and are large and well developed; four possess six only, and two of these are stunted specimens. 16. Pranorsis SaGoEnsis, n.sp. Testa orbicularis, depressa, subearinata, pallide luteo-cornea, lineis incrementi obliquis tenuibus sculpta; anfractus 3} superne convexi, inferne sub-convexi; apex depressus; umbilicus satis depressus ; apertura oblique lunata, ad peripheriam subangularis, Diam, max. 6, min. 5mm.; alt. 2mm. Hab.— Mount Sago. 130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 17, SrGMENTINA KENNARDI, 2.Sp. Testa tenuis, discoidalis, compressa, carinata, brunneo- cornea, subpellucida, septis internis instructa; apex modice depressus ; latus Yi inferius planum, in regione umbilici leviter impressum ; anfractus 3, ultimus superne subrotundatus; apertura acute lunata. Diam. 2°5, alt. 1 mm. Hab.—Mount Singalong. The periostracum is somewhat masked by iron deposit. 18. Metanra tuBercuLa7a (Miill.). Hab.—River at Souliki. 19. Meranra untrascrata, Mouss. Hab.—Mount Merapi and river at Souliki. 20. Metanta curvicosra, von Marts., var. Presronrana, Bullen. Hab.—Mount Merapi. 21. CorsicuLa suBprostrata, Bullen. Hab.—River Kwantan. Originally described from Java. This is an interesting extension of its habitat. In conclusion I beg to return my thanks to Mr. E. A. Smith for much kind help, especially in connection with the Clausilia. 131 REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM THE CAPE VERD ISLANDS, WITH NOTES BY C. CROSSLAND By Sir C. N. E. Exror, K.C.M.G. Read 11th May, 1906, PLATE XIV. Tue collection of Nudibranchs which forms the subject of the present paper was made by Mr. Crossland in the Cape Verd Islands (St. Vincent, St. Jago, and Boa Vista) during the Summer of 1904. His notes on the living animals are in most cases reproduced verbatim, but have not had the advantage of his revision, as he is absent in the Sudan, and he is not responsible for the anatomical notes, nomenclature, or views contained in the following pages. The new forms discovered by Mr. Crossland are neither very striking nor very certain, and the interest of the collection les mainly in the light which it throws on the distribution of this group of Mollusca, and on the differences between the fauna of the tropical Atlantic and the tropical Pacific. A list of the species, as far as they can be determined, is given below, but the identification has often been a matter of difficulty, as nearly all the specimens are small and inconspicuous. This may mean that they are immature. If the animals spawn in the Spring, half-grown individuals would be frequent at the time that Mr. Crossland collected. On the other hand, an examination of the Nudibranchs collected by myself in Samoa, and by Mr. Stanley Gardiner in the Maldive and Laccadive Islands, suggests that specimens from small islands, which have never been connected with the mainland, are not as large as those found on the shores of the mainland and its adjacent islands. LIST OF SPECIES. Name. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED FROM. 1. Tritonia moesta, Bergh, var. pallescens, n.var. Mediterranean. 2. Staurodoris atypica, Usp. ... ea ... Allied species from Mediterranean and West Atlantic. 3. Discodoris indecora, Bergh ... oe mea urieste. 4. Discodoris muta, Bergh can ee ... Guadaloupe. 5. Discodoris sp. 6. Geitodoris reticulata, L.sp. ... see ... Allied species from Plymouth. 7. Peltodoris sp. 8. Rostanga Evansi, n.sp. 9. Cadlina Clare, von Thering ... ... Naples. 10. Chromodoris gracilis (Delle Chiaje) .. ... Mediterranean. 11. Doridopsis grandiflora, juv. (Rapp)... ... Mediterranean. 12. Doriopsilla Pelseneeri (?), D. areolata (?) ... South Portugal, west coast of Africa, Mediterranean. 13. Plocamopherus Madere (Lowe) za ... Madeira. 14. Doto obscura, n.sp. 15. Doto cinerea, Trinchese , ; .... Mediterranean. 16. Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje) _ ... Mediterranean. 17. Amphorina pallida, u.sp. 18, Phidiana longicirrha, n.sp. 19. Facelina Drummondi (Thompson) ... ... British and Scandinavian waters. 20. Favorinus carneus? (A. & H.) va ... South England. 21. Favorinus sp. 1382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Mr. Crossland, in a paper on the (Ecology and Deposits of the Cape Verd Marine Fauna (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, vol. i, pp. 170-186), points out that the islands lie in the path of the southern division of the Gulf Stream, which is joined by another current from near the Straits of Gibraltar. Both of these are cold currents, the warm stream from the Gulf of Guinea passing a little to the south of the islands. The above list is quite in keeping with this system of currents, for there is a marked absence of characteristic tropical forms, whereas the Mediterranean element is large, and species recorded from the West Indies and tropical Atlantic are represented, Probably this western element is really larger than it appears to be, for our knowledge of West Indian Nudibranchs is very imperfect, and hardly twenty have been identified with certainty. It is also probable that many of the Mediterranean forms are not specially Mediterranean, but also found in the Azores, Canaries, Madeira, ete. The lists of molluscs given by Rochebrune (‘‘ Matériaux pour la Faune de |’ Archipel du Cap Vert,” in Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1881, ser. 11, tome iv) yield much the same result. Of 201 molluscs, 21 are recorded only from the islands, 5 from the coast of America, 16 from European seas, and 70 from the Mediterranean ; while of 285 marine invertebrates of all kinds, 48 are recorded only from the islands, 23 from the west coast of America, and 91 from the Mediterranean. Rochebrune mentions only one Nudibranch, Peltodoris Sauvaget, which is perhaps a colour variety of P. crucis. Regarded as tropical Nudibranchs, the present collection offers a remarkable contrast with the forms found in the corresponding latitudes of the Indo-Pacific. There are no specimens of Platydoris, Bornella, Kentrodoris, Hexabranchus, Phyllidia, Trevelyana, or Astero- notus, and the Chromodoridide are represented by only one small species. The first two of the above-mentioned genera are recorded from the West Indies, but the rest have not been found in the Atlantic, though the ‘‘ Talisman” obtained a Phyllidiopsis in the Bay of Biscay. Mr. Crossland (l.c.) also notices the absence of large and highly coloured Planarians, which are very abundant in the Indo-Pacific. In many parts of that ocean, for instance, Zanzibar and the east coast of Africa, the coast in sheltered parts consists of flat, table-lke coral reefs, which house an incredible amount of marine life. Alcyonarians are abundant, and sometimes form a living carpet. In the Cape Verd Islands the conditions are widely different : Aleyonarians and corals are rare, and the organic rocks are formed chiefly of Nullipores and Vermetus between tides, and below tide- marks of Lithothamnion and great quantities of a Foraminiferan. As we have no information about the Nudibranchs of the West African coast between the Cape Verd Islands and the Cape of Good Hope, it would be rash to assume that the present collection is typical of the fauna of the Equatorial Atlantic. It may be that on reaching the warm current from the Gulf of Guinea, passing to the south of the Cape Verd Archipelago, we should find other forms. But what . i ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS, 133 does seem to be clear is, that in the Atlantic there is for Nudibranchs (and probably for many other groups) a faunistie district which extends from the level of the Mediterranean at least as far south as 15° N., whereas in the Indo-Pacific the equatorial fauna extends as far north as Suez and Karachi. ‘The southward limit of the Atlantic sub-tropical fauna is unknown. ‘To the north it gradually passes into the northern fauna, the boundary being somewhere about the British Isles. A good many species are common to both faunas, but the north is characterized by such Dorids as Acanthodoris, Lamelli- doris, Adalaria, etc., and by an abundance of such Afolids as Aolidia, Galvina, Coryphella, and Cratena. It is perhaps a mere matter of chance that the last genus is not recorded from the Mediterranean, but clearly these forms are more abundant towards the north. Gonieolis, Chiamylla, and Doridunculus appear to be exclusively northern. It is noticeable that several of the forms from the Cape Verd Islands, here described as new, are closely allied to known species (e.g. Staurodoris atypica, Geitodoris reticulata), and many of those referred to known species present well-marked variations (e.g. Zritonia mesta, Doto cinerea, and Spurilla neapolitana). Taken together, these facts suggest that forms found in the Mediterranean and the parts of the Atlantic in about the same latitude become differentiated further south. As isolated facts of interest may be noticed the habit ascribed to Doriopsilla (? areolata) of sunning itself in tide-pools; the absence of a penial armature in the young Doridopsis grandiflora, suggesting that this feature is developed with age; and the development of the teeth, as shown in the young Cadlina Clare. Tritonra Masta, Bergh, var. PALLESCENS, n.var. Pl. XIV, Fig. 1. Tritonia mesta, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen im Arch. Philip., pt. xv, pp 734-736 (1884); Vayssiére, Ann. Mus. Marseille, vol. vi, pp. 100-1 (1901). Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :— ‘Small and opaque white, with pink organs dimly showing through. Between the bases of the rhinophores some have a broad crescent of dark crimson lake. ‘“‘Of the usual high square-cut shape, but the back slopes gently down to the tail: this is long and tapering, colourless and transparent. The long rhinophore-cups have a light brown tinge. A few specks of dark red occur on the back in some specimens, but several are merely white all over. Velum with 2 long anterior processes, and 2 shorter lateral. Rhinophores long, with a central pillar surrounded by a cluster of delicate tentacle-like processes. Gills, 3 pairs. The first pair largest, with 2 main branches: the rest have simple branches with short papilla like side branchlets. The foot adheres very strongly, and is damaged in several specimens. It is quite colourless and transparent. In some specimens the expanded lateral margin of the foot is seen when the animal is crawling, but sometimes not at all. The anterior processes of the velum may be carried vertically at times. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Found under a stone whose lower surface was covered with a red Aleyonarian, some Polyzoa and Zubularia. They seemed to haunt the Polyzoan principally. Found in the same habitat on two occasions.” The preserved specimens are much contracted, the largest being only 35mm. long, and the external characters described by Mr. Crossland can be verified only with difficulty. The four digitations on the frontal veil still remain in the form of knobs, but in some specimens the outer pair are distinctly grooved, showing that they represent tentacles. The foot is rounded in front. The branchize are reduced to mere lumps: the plumes have perhaps been rubbed off. In the specimen dissected the formula of the radula is 21 xX 11.1.1.1.11. The teeth are as represented by Bergh (1.c., pl. Ixxiv, fig. 21). The median tooth is distinctly tricuspid; the first lateral less clumsily shaped than usual in the genus, and distinctly hamate, the hook bending over the side and top of the median tooth. The jaws are as in Bergh’s pl. lxxvi, fig. 3, but bear at least eight rows of denticles on the edge. ‘There are no stomach plates. These specimens are remarkable externally for having only four processes (including the tentacles) on the oral veil, a character which is shared by 7. lineata and 7. mesta, but they approach more nearly to the typical 7. masta because they have a narrow radula and no lines on the dorsal surface. The coloration also approaches that of 7. masta. According to Vayssiére (l.c., pl. i, fig. 19), the animal is not so much black as yellowish, with a good deal of black down the centre of the back. In the present variety this dark pigment is reduced to a band between the rhinophores and some spots on the dorsal surface. T. mesta is possibly the same as the Duvaucelia gracilis of Risso (Hist. nat. Europe Mérid., vol. iv, pp. 38-9, 1826). StTavRoporis atypica, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Fig. 2. Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animals are as follows :— ‘* Under stones at Porto Praya, lee of Quail Island. Bright light yellow, gills same tint, but perfoliations of rhinophores a little deeper. ‘he rhinophores stand vertically, and only the perfoliated part is shown. Back covered with small warts evenly distributed. Mantle fairly broad, nearly colourless and translucent. Rhinophores and gill pockets not raised. Gills simply pinnate, and peculiarly long and slender (see the coloured sketch), ten’ in number, very sensitive. Under side shows head and foot (latter broad) of a deep yellow, especially head and anterior edge of foot which is grooved, though there seems to be no notch in the anterior lip of the groove. Back rather broad and rough, showing spicules. Shape flat, but not conspicuously stiff. ‘A smaller specimen from St. Vincent: in this only the head of all the under surface is of a deeper yellow.” 1 Twelve in sketch, but ten here and in nature.—C. E. ELIOT! NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 135 The larger specimen is very flat and much bent. It is about 15 mm, long, 7mm. broad, and 4mm. high. The dorsal surface is covered with warts of various sizes, bearing smaller prominences. The integu- ments are full of spicules, which are fairly straight rods, not branched, but jointed. The pockets of the rhinophores and branchie do not project, and their margins bear tubercles which are similar to those which cover the rest of the dorsal surface, and are not specially developed to act as lobes or defences. The branchie are ten in number, long and simply pinnate. The foot is large, nearly as long as the body, and 6mm. broad. It is grooved in front, but not notched. The tentacles are much as in Archidoris tuberculata. No labial armature was found. The radula consists of 38 rows, with a formula of about 30.0.380. The teeth are hamate, rather straight and stout, with long bases. The innermost and outermost are not so large as those in the middle of the half-row, and the two or three outermost are quite small. No armature was discovered in the genitalia. The common 8S. verrucosa shows great variation in the size and number of the dorsal tubercles, and these specimens might be regarded as a variety in which the usual protective valves of the rhinophores and branchiz have not been developed. I hesitate, however, to take this view without further evidence, because the dorsal tubercles in the present specimens are not smooth and clavate, but low, rough warts bearing secondary projections. The radula also is narrower than is usual in S. verrucosa. Discoports, Bergh. This genus consists of rather large animals of a flat shape, with a granulated or minutely tuberculate dorsal surface, and usually a wide mantle margin completely covering a moderately broad foot. A labial armature is present. The radula has no central tooth, but bears a considerable number of simply hamate laterals. There is no armature in the genitalia, but a prostate is present. Platydoris somewhat resembles Discodoris in general appearance, but has a peculiar hard consistency, a characteristic armature in the genitalia, and no labial armature. Bergh, in his System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, enumerates eighteen species, to which the following have since been added: (19) D. Edwardsi, Vayssiére; (20) tristis, Bergh; (21) erubescens, Bergh; (22) maculosa, Bergh ; (23) dubia, Bergh; (24) egena, Bergh; (25) Heathi, MacFarland; (26) dabifera, (Abraham) ; (27) D. (??) Stboge, Bergh; (28) D.(?) hiturata, Bergh; (29) D.(?) Jlutescens, Bergh; (30) D. (?) versicolor, Bergh; (31) D.(?) rubra, Bergh. The last five forms are regarded by Professor Bergh as only doubtfully referable to Discodoris, and it must be admitted that many of the species described agree only incompletely with his original definition of the genus. Most of the species are recorded from the Indo-Pacific, but D. notha and muta are from the West Indies, D. Hdwards: from the west coast of Morocco, D. tristis from the Azores, D. erubescens from Naples, 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. D. egena from Trieste, D. Heathi from California, and D. dubia and D. egena from Tasmania. The genus is thus fairly widely distributed, but seems to shun the northern Atlantic and the coasts of South America. The allied Gectodoris, however, occurs in the former region, and the Nudibranchs of the latter have been little investigated. It is clear, however, that the genus is most abundant in the warmer seas. Many of the species mecarded from the Atlantic have a harder consistency than the more typical forms from the Indo-Pacific, and this is certainly the case with the specimens noticed below. Bergh originally classified the Doris Ellioti of Alder & Hancock (Notice of a collection of Nudibranchiate Molluscs made in India) as Platydoris, but in his recently published account of the Nudibranchs found by the Siboga he identities it with a Déscodoris in that collection. I have, however, examined the type-specimen preserved in the Hancock Museum at Newcastle-on-lyne, and ascertained that the earlier classification under Platydoris is correct. The animal has no lip plates, but a very strong armature of hook-bearing scales on the genitalia. The Siboga specimens should perhaps be called Discodoris Berghi, v.sp. Discoporis InpEcorA, Bergh. Discodoris indecora, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen, Supp., Heft 11, 1881, pp. 108-112. Mr. Crossland’s notes on the two living specimens are as follows :— ‘“‘Dorid, blue grey. Found among Nullipore nodules 5—10 fathoms in Porto Grande, St. Vincent, and also under a stone in Porto Praya, Santiago. About 18mm. long by 10 mm. wide, white below, ot a cool grey above with a bluish bloom. Quite smooth, no papille, but harsh to the touch, very sluggish. Colour is modified by the presence of minute black specks thickly sown over the dorsal surface. At a point where the mantle joins the body dorsally is an irregular line of irregular white blotches made up of opaque white specks, larger than the black ones. ‘‘Rhinophores and gills both completely retractile. Both tipped with white. The latter have an extraordinarily thick rhachis, and the branched parts are extremely small, but it is possible that they were not seen fully expanded. They appear to be bipinnate. The specimen from Porto Praya has no bluish tint, and is of a cool grey colour. Gills as described, even when fully expanded, 4 in number, bipinnate and not so very small. This specimen is warty, and the other markings, ete., are as above.” The preserved specimen from Porto Praya is of a cool grey colour, and hard and stiff in texture. It is much bent, but, if straightened out, would be about 30mm. long and 15mm. broad. It is very flat, the maximum height being only 5mm. On the outer parts of the dorsal surface are scattered tubercles, extending 5-8 mm. inwards from the margin. They are of various sizes, the largest being about a millimetre broad and half a millimetre high. The middle of the back appears smooth, but under the lens shows indications of obscure flat tubercles. The spaces between the tubercles are finely granulated. ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 137 The rhinophore openings are on small hillocks, but there are no projecting sheaths. The branchial pocket is nearly closed, and not at all raised. It was possibly stellate when open. There are four branchize and an asymmetrical small plume. The rhachis is stout; the ramifications scanty, and mostly only bipinnate. The foot is con- siderably shorter than the body, with a wide margin. It is much bent and contracted, but measures about 15 by 7mm. It is apparently grooved and notched in front. The tentacles are digitate, with a slight groove on the outside. The internal organs are mostly white. The labial armature consists of two hatchet-shaped plates, which might also be possibly regarded as representing a circle with two processes extending backwards. ‘he constituent elements are minute rods of rather irregular shape, often swollen at the ends. The radula is narrow and of rather unusual appearance. There are 51 rows, containing not more than 16 or 17 teeth on each side of the bare rhachis. The teeth are rather straight and broad, and those in the middle of the half-rows are almost spoon- shaped and hardly hamate in appearance. The innermost and outermost | teeth are smaller. The bases are long, especially those of the ‘innermost teeth. Such stomach as there is appears to be wholly outside the liver, but it is very small and merely a dilatation of the general digestive tract. Both it and the intestine are thickly laminated inside. The liver is greyish, not very compact, and with many lacune. It is clothed with the dead-white follicles of the hermaphrodite gland. The connecting tubes between the follicles are more distinct than usual. The renal organ is very distinct and exhibits beautifully dendritie | ramifications. The blood-gland is double and much lobed, especially | the anterior portion. The central nervous system is granulate and enclosed in a strong capsule. The ganglia could not be clearly separated. The genitalia appear to be as usual in the genus. A spermatotheca, spermatocyst, and prostate were found, but no armature. There is perhaps an accessory folliculate gland in the vestibule. The second specimen is externally as described by Mr. Crossland. The white blotches are somewhat raised and almost tubercular. The branchie are four, but one is bifid. The tentacles have a slight but distinct groove on the outer side. These specimens may be referred with some certainty to Bergh’s | Discodoris indecora, recorded from Trieste, with which they agree not | only in general characters, but in such details as the narrow radula and | grooved tentacles. Discoporis mura, Bergh. | Discodoris muta, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen, Heft xii, 1877, pp. 532-4. One specimen. The notes on the living animal are as follows :— ‘ Dorid, large grey. Under a stone (Gastropod shell mass), Boa Vista. “¢ Leathery but not harsh to the touch. Foot broad, mantle moderately | so, of wavy outline and rather mobile. ‘“‘Gills of moderate size, tripinnate. Rhinophores stand vertically. Both pockets close completely, edges a little raised when open. The VOL. VIIL.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 10 138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. lateral branches of the gills stand vertically, so that the gills form a cabbage-shaped tuft, rather than a flat rosette Autotomy of mantle- edge during apparently healthy life. Colour light grey with darker spots which are small and irregularly scattered, gills and the rhinophores coloured like the body, perfoliations of rhinophores rather darker. Under side uniformly white. Foot grooved and notched. Tentacles small but pointed.” The preserved specimen is 47°5 mm. long and 19 high. The breadth is about 30, but the edges of the mantle have been thrown off. It would appear that this margin was ample when it was complete, and measured about 15 mm. The colour is pearly grey, mottled in places, but not everywhere, with rather darker greyish spots, which are sometimes confluent. The back is minutely granulate, and in most places feels quite smooth, but here and there the granulations are covered with a hard, white deposit, and in these patches (the largest of which measures about 5x8 mm.) the skin feels harsh and rough. The general consistency is waxy. The foot is grooved and notched in front. The tentacles are rather small, but distinct and pointed. The left is bifid, which is no doubt a monstrosity. The gill-and rhinophore-pockets are completely closed, and invisible from the outside. ‘There is no trace of a raised rim or tubercles, but the inside of the gill-pocket looks as if it might have been stellate when open. The rhinophores are stout and yellow. The branchiz consist of six main plumes, but one is deeply divided, so that they might be counted as seven. They have a faint green tinge and are tri- or quadripinnate, stout, but not ample, with broad stems and somewhat scanty ramifications. The integuments are thick, and contain a dense mass of rod-like spicules which have a tendency to arrange themselves in a reticulate pattern. On removing them is seen the liver, covered by the yellowish hermaphrodite gland, contrasting markedly with the other organs (buccal mass, cesophagus, stomach, ete.), which are waxy white. The strong labial cuticle bears an armature of two very distinct, triangular, brown plates, composed of a dense collection of longish rods which can be seen separately only at the edges. The radula consists of 30 rows of teeth, of which 20 seem to be inuse. The rows contain at most 40—45 teeth on each side of the rhachis, but many are much shorter. The teeth near the rhachis are smaller than the others, and very irregularly arranged, being apparently easily displaced. Those in the middle of the half-row are largest: the outer 8 or 10 begin to decrease, and the two or three outermost are markedly smaller, but not rudimentary. There are two yellowish salivary glands, about 5mm. long and 2°5 broad. The long, thin ducts measure about 12mm. The esophagus, 13 mm. long, runs straight to the stomach and enters its under side. The stomach (12 mm. long, 6°5 mm. broad) has moderately strong walls and lies on the front part of the liver, completely outside it. The intestine is long. The csophagus, intestine, and stomach are all laminated internally. The liver is large, and, as preserved, is drawn up into a sort of globular dome at the back. It shows signs of a division into several lobes, and is very loose in texture, with | ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 139 many lacune. It is covered with a remarkably thick layer of the hermaphrodite gland, which is everywhere at least 1 mm. deep, and in some places as much as 3 mm. There are two distinct blood-glands, one before and one behind the central nervous system. They are irregularly lobed, but not much indented, and olive green, contrasting markedly with the white organs around them. The central nervous system is yellowish, and enclosed in a strong, white capsule. The ganglia seem to be close to one _ another, and I was not successful in separating them. Their surface | is granulated. The yellowish lens of the eyes is very large, the black part small. A prostate is present, but no armature of the reproductive organs was found. The spermatotheca is very large, and coloured brown by its contents. | This form seems to agree in its principal external and internal | features with Discodoris muta, Bergh, recorded from Guadaloupe. | Discodoris fragilis (A. & H.) is another species which has been | observed to mutilate itself and throw off portions of the mantle-margin | while alive. Discoporis sp. Pl. XIV, Fig. 3. Mr. Crossland’s. notes on the living animals are as follows :— ‘In a crevice of rock, at low tide level, among surf. Porto Praya. | Very flat, stiff, and harsh, but back not in any way warty, papillate, | or pitted. To naked eye appears of a uniform orange brown, darker on the visceral mass, lighter round the mantle-edge. Opaque white | marks, irregularly scattered round mantle-edge, and larger ones near | the middle of the body where mantle joins the visceral mass. Rhino- #) phores of a darker shade, points directed backwards. Gills 6, tri- | pinnate, rather small. Gill-pocket with 6 large teeth, but cannot )) close completely. Rhinophore-pockets also raised, with large and § small teeth irregularly placed. Gills sandy and dark brown, former » colour predominating. Under lens, colour seen to be due to a dark- ' brown network with very small round yellow meshes. » ‘Under side shows ample mantle with wavy outline. Foot grooved ) and notched. Oral tentacles fairly long. All bright yellow, except \ for small deep brown spots on the inner part of the mantle.” } The larger specimen accords with this description, but the orange » brown has become grey. There are some reddish spots on the under side near the junction of the mantle and the body. The shape is ) very flat. The length 34 mm., the breadth 21°5 mm., and the height ) 5:5. The mantle-edge overhangs the body all round, and in some ). places is 8mm. wide. The back is finely granulate; the integuments | stiff, waxy, and brittle. | The smaller specimen is similar, but has preserved more of the ') orange colour, and is only half the size. (' The foot is much shorter than the body, being only 18 mm. long in '): the larger specimen. It is ample in front, but in neither specimen is it clear that there is a groove. The tentacles are rather large and ) digitate. The branchie are 6, besides a small detached plume. The 140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. integuments are full of short, rod-like spicules. On opening the body- cavity, the intestines were found to be much hardened and badly preserved in both specimens. There is a labial armature of two small brownish plates. They are rather faint and not at all strong. They are composed of scale-lke elements, and resemble the mosaic found on the masticating edge of Tritonia rather than the labial plates usual in Discodoris (Fig 3). The radula consists of 46 rows, each containing from 65 to 70 teeth on either side of the narrow, bare rhachis. The innermost teeth are smaller, and often cross one another over the rhachis, so as to give a false impression of median teeth. The outermost teeth are degraded and plate-like, but not serrulate. The rest are hamate, moderately bent, and moderately tall. There are a few bifid teeth, but they appear to be merely monstrosities. The blood-gland is white. The central nervous system is not well preserved, but appears concentrated. The state of preservation renders it impossible to make any certain statements about the digestive and reproductive organs. There appeared to be a distinct stomach, external to the liver, but I could not find the usual: layer of the hermaphrodite gland spread over the liver. The male branch of the reproductive system terminates in a pouch containing the much convoluted vas deferens. In both specimens the efferent genital ducts seemed to bear colourless scales or prominences, so thin and transparent as to be almost invisible. In the uncertainty as to many of the internal organs, I do not think it worth while to create a new species for these specimens. They are not certainly identifiable with any described form, but may possibly represent a variety of one of the Mediterranean Discodorids or Paradoris. Gerrtoporis, Bergh.' This genus resembles Rostanga in many points, on the one hand, and, on the other, comes very near to some of the Archidorids, such as A. testudinaria, which I identify with the A. stellifera of Vayssiére and von Ihering. In this form the teeth grow longer and thinner towards the end of the row, though not so sharply differentiated as in Geitodoris, and, according to Vayssicre, a labial armature is present. The Doris planata of Alder & Hancock probably belongs to this genus (v. Eliot, l.c.), and is possibly not really distinct from the type species G. complanata (Verrill) from the coast of New England. Two other species have been described by Bergh, @. ¢mmunda from Panama and G. mollina from the West Indies. The latter does not entirely conform to the type of the genus. GEITODORIS RETICULATA, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Figs. 4, 5a, 56. Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animals are as follows :— “August 16. At St. Vincent. Found under a stone in company ' Vide Eliot, Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., vol. vii (1906), on Archidoris testudinaria — and Geitodoris planata. ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 141 with red sponge and red Aleyonarian. 8 bipinnate gills, some showing tendency to become tripinnate. “August 17. 5 specimens under a lighter, in company with red sponge of same tint as the Dorid. ‘* Brilliant vermilion, about 13” by 3”. Colour, at first sight, appears uniform, but under a lens (mag. 10) are seen numerous specks of black pigment, most numerous on the visceral mass, less so on the mantle. The skin is pitted sparsely on mantle, but on the body the pits are very numerous, so that this part appears to be covered with a raised vermilion network, blunt papille being situated at the larger junctions. In some specimens these are more numerous and better developed than in others. The pigment-specks are much more numerous in the pits, so that they are a dark grey, throwing up the red network surrounding them. The ends of the rhinophores and the anterior gills are pigmented with black and sandy colour. The lower or posterior gills are the same colour as the body. Small specks of sandy colour occur sometimes also on the body, but are conspicuous only in one specimen. Gills comparatively small, apparently bipinnate, but of so close texture that this is not easily made out. Completely contractile, but pocket does not close. Edge of pocket slightly raised and shghtly undulating, sometimes with a thin line of sandy pigment round the edge. Rhinophore-pockets ditto. Rhinophores long and deeply perfoliated. “The creatures are very soft indeed; the mantle is ample, with a wavy margin. Foot is fairly broad, grooved and notched in front. Tentacles long, slender and mobile. Under surface uniformly vermilion.” Mr. Crossland added the following notes on an orange - brown specimen, which he rightly regarded as a variety of this species :— ‘‘ Most probably only a variety of last species. Rather flat, mantle ample, harsh to touch but not particularly stiff. Ground colour a dull light yellow, plentifully besprinkled, especially on the visceral mass, with small blotches made of minute specks of orange-brown. Also dark grey ill-defined dots. Network with pits in meshes over visceral mass, very distinct. Rhinophores large, gills small. Rhinophores perfoliate, all over dark brown and white. The two anterior gills are of the same colour; the six posterior orange. They are simply pinnate and quite symmetrically arranged. Edges of rhinophore and gill- pockets slightly raised, darker brown; gill-pocket with a thin white edging.” The buccal parts and other internal characters are as in the other specimens. The gills, though straight and scanty, can be seen under the microscope to be bipinnate in places. The ten specimens preserved differ somewhat in appearance, some being white and some reddish brown, but agree in anatomical and essential external features. The white specimens are the larger. The animals are much bent, but, if straightened out, the largest would be about 50 mm. long and 85mm. broad. They are very flat, the maximum height being only 8-9 mm. The ample mantle-margin (9-10mm. wide) overhangs the foot on all sides. The foot is not narrow (about 15 mm. wide), and has expanded margins. The dorsal 142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. integuments are thin; the mantle-edge thickens. The texture and external characters are as described by Mr. Crossland. The pits and ramifying lines are still visible, but not conspicuous (Fig. 4). The openings of the rhinophores and branchie are not stellate or markedly tuberculate. The branchial pocket is shallow, and the lateral branchic can be counted as either six or eight, the third and fourth plumes on either side being united at the base (Fig. 4). There is generally a small unpaired plume in front, opposite the anal papilla, which completes the circle behind, so that the whole number of plumes seen protruding from the pocket is nine. The labial armature consists of two greenish plates, composed of short, slightly curved rods, with rather swollen tips. These tips form a mosaic. The radula is fragile and easily becomes confused. There are about 25 rows, with a formula reaching at least 10+ 35.0.35+ 10. At the outer ends of each row is a bunch of long, thin teeth (Fig. 55) lying very close to one another, so that they are difficult to count. There are, however, at least 10 in the bunch or sheaf, and perhaps considerably more. The other teeth (Fig. 5a) are comparatively low, hamate, with long bases. The rhachis is narrow, and the innermost laterals of the two sides almost cross one another. The intestines are whitish. The cesophagus is moderately long, but varies somewhat in different specimens. In all cases, however, it enters the liver without any external dilatation, and the stomach is wholly within the liver. The hermaphrodite gland is ample, forming a thick, white layer over the liver There is a large mucous gland, gelatinous, colourless, and semi-solid externally, hard and yellow in the inside. The spermato- theca is large and roughly spherical; the spermatocyst small and elongate. No armature of the glans penis was discovered and no prostate. This species is very nearly allied to the Ge¢todoris found at Plymouth (v. Eliot, l.c.), which is probably identical with the animal called Doris planata by Alder & Hancock. It is not improbable that the African and British forms are merely varieties of one species, the tropical specimens being, as is natural, larger and more brightly coloured. But I have thought it safer to describe them under a separate specific name. Prtroporis, Bergh. This genus differs from Discodorts only in not having a labial armature, and would perhaps be better regarded as a subgenus, for the armature in question is merely a collection of small rods which strengthens the labial cuticle, and, unless it is much developed, is not a conspicuous or important character. The following species have been described :— 1. WP. atromaculata, B. Mediterranean. 2. WP. crucis (Oersted), West Indies. = P. Sauvagei, Rochbr., Cape Verd. 3. P. Mauritiana, B. Mauritius. ——————_—_——_—_—————— OS ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 143 4. P. angulata, Eliot. E. Africa. 5. P. aurea, Eliot. E. Africa. 6. P. rubescens, B. Malay Archipelago. Rochebrune (Nouv. Arch. du Muséum d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1881, ser. 11, vol. iv, p. 263) has described a species from the Cape Verd Islands as P. Sauvage’, though without any indication of its internal characters It is probably only a variety of P. erucis, which has a green back, spotted with black, and black rhinophores, whereas P. Sauaget is of a uniform green, with violet rhinophores. Both _. have yellow branchie. PELTODORIS sp. Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :— ‘**Dorid, yellow. Porto Praya. ‘“* Back covered with small papilla. 8 rather small, abruptly-ended, dark red-brown gills. Rhinophores with a few red-brown dashes. Colour deep yellow, with numerous small reddish brown blotches, appearing to the naked eye deep orange. Under side nearly white. Elongated in shape, with narrow mantle. Foot rather high.” The single specimen is hard and stiff, rather flat, but the back is somewhat arched. It is much bent, but the dimensions are— length about 12 mm., breadth about 6 mm. The integuments are full of white, rod-like spicules, fairly straight, and of various sizes. The back is covered with little spiculous tufts, as in Rostanga Evansi, but lower and less conspicuous. The edges of the rhinophorial and branchial pockets are not raised, but the sur- rounding surface forms a sort of hillock. The foot is grooved in front, but apparently not notched. The tentacles are small knobs. The eight branchi are dark brown, stout, short, scanty, and apparently bipinnate. No labial armature was found, and the labial cuticle seems clear and transparent. The radula consists of 52 rows, of which the two hindmost are in process of growth and hardly formed. Each row contains 70-80 teeth on either side of the bare rhachis. The teeth are -hamate and very stout. The innermost are smaller. This specimen seems to belong to the genus Peltodoris, but is hardly referable to either P. atromaculata (Mediterranean) or P. crucis (Antilles). It is probably immature, and it is, perhaps, not worth while to create a new species for it. Rosranea, Bergh. This genus resembles Gettodor’s in many respects, but differs in haying a prostate and simply pinnate branchiz. ‘The back is covered with small tubercles, from which spicules project. Hitherto it has been recorded only from cold and temperate seas. The species are :— 1. &. coccinea (Forbes). Atlantic and Mediterranean. 2. KR. perspicillata, Bergh. Mediterranean. 3. 2. pulchra, MacFar. California. 4. R. rubicunda (Cheeseman). New Zealand. 5. ft. Evansi, n.sp. Cape Verd Islands. This new species is of a violet grey, but in all the others the prevailing coloration is red. 144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Rosranea Evans, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Figs. 6a-6c. Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :— ‘Of a light violet grey. Back covered with minute papille. Numerous round darker spots, edged with a whitish line, looking exactly like pits, but, when touched with a needle, seen to be in same plane as rest of surface. These are largest where the mantle passes into the visceral hump. ) yoloix, p. 427, pl. xv; fig. 13. ‘* Porcupine ”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water. Identified by M. Dautzenberg. PLEUROTOMELLA FORMOSA (Jeffreys). Defrancia formosa, Jeffreys: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 397, pl. xliv, EE Pleurotomella Packardi, var. formosa, Jett. : Kobelt, p. 282. ‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1869, Stations 14, 23a, 65; 1870, Station 17. Distribution.—Deep water in the Atlantic, south to Azores (?) ; also if it be a variety of P. Packardi, on the American coast. The following notes are due to Mr. Marshall: ‘‘ There is some confusion as to the identity of this species. Jeffreys in his description says that the ‘apical or top whorls are reticulated,’ and that the ‘point is usually sharp, but sometimes blunt and button-shaped,’ although his figure of the shell, as well as the magnified view of the apex, does not exhibit any reticulation. The Rev. R. Boog Watson (Challenger Gasterop., p. 350) demurs to this part of Jeffreys’ description, and says he has ‘seen nothing like such a variety of form [ of the apex | in any specimens of this species, nor in any shells of the whole Clathurella group.’ He describes the embryonic section 180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. as consisting of four whorls, sharp and narrow, the three lower ones scored ‘with the characteristic markings of Clathurella, and the extreme tip indistinctly and closely dotted with tubercles somewhat linearly arranged.’ This must have been taken from some other shell than C. formosa, Jeffr., for it does not apply to that species. The apical whorls of the latter are three only, broad, and brown in colour, the first is smooth and button-shaped, the second conical and very finely obliquely striated, and the third nearly flat-sided, obliquely striated like the second, but with much coarser crinkley strie. Gwyn Jeffreys’ figures show this oblique striation and flattened apex, but they err in depicting four whorls instead of three, and the sculpture of the third should be much coarser than that of the second. I suspect that when Gwyn Jeffreys described his shell he had two species before him, and further that Mr. Boog Watson must have had one of these species in his hands, because the real apex of C. formosa is exactly depicted in the figure of C. cala, Watson (Challenger Gasterop., pl. xxvi, fig. 11), which latter he says has the apical whorls ‘ scored with excessively fine threadlets which are straight and longitudinal,’ whereas the figure differs from this description. He also says that C. cala is ‘ very much larger,’ but the dimensions he gives of *55 in. by ‘3 in. indicate very little difference by those of Jeffreys— 5 in. by ‘25in. Mr. Watson’s figure of C. cala is not formosa (though the apical whorls are exact), as the longitudinals of the latter are more oblique and the spirals much more numerous.” The above remarks led me to examine the ‘‘ Challenger” specimens. I feel convinced that the shells recorded by Mr. Watson as (. formosa are not that species; on the other hand, C. ca/a seems to be close to the true formosa. At present so little material has been collected that it is uncertain how far variation may exist in these forms, but it may well be that C. cala will prove only to be a variety. Jeffreys’ ‘* Porcupine ”’ collection contains at least four species grouped under the name of formosa, and very possibly Mr. Watson saw one of these, and not the true species. I am unable to verify the relationship of formosa and Packardi, Verrill, and have catalogued the shells under Jeffreys’ specific name, so that it may be clear to what form the present notes refer. ) PLEUROTOMELLA GREGARIA, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 2, 2a. Shell somewhat thin, with a well-elevated spire, white, the proto- conch stained with brown. Whorls 6, four being apical. The apical whorls (worn) are reticulate, and the residue of the shell is sculptured with longitudinal coste, which fade out on the lower half of the whorls; there are also numerous rounded spirals cutting the costz. Below the suture there is an excavated area, showing spirals and also arcuate striz, more numerous than the coste. Columella fairly straight; mouth ovate. Long. 4°5, lat. 2mm. ‘¢ Porcupine ” Expedition, 1870, Station 17. A puzzling form of the group of P. suwbaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer. From this species it differs in sculpture, the spirals being much more numerous and rounded; from P. Watson, Dautz. & Fischer, it differs SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’? EXPEDITIONS. 181 in the excavated area below the suture; it may be the form referred! by these authors to Jeffreys?, Verrill, from which it appears to me to differ in the shape of the whorls, length of canal, and, from Verrill’s figure, in the longitudinal sculpture. It is the spinulosa, Jeffreys MS. PLEUROTOMELLA IMPLIcIscuLPTA (Sturany). Defrancia implicisculpta, Sturany : Mollusken gesamm. Pola, 1890-4, p. 12, pl. i, figs. 10-12 (1896). Pleurotomella impliciseulpta, Sturany: Kobelt, p. 388. Defrancia gibbera, Jeffreys: Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1873, p- 113 [nom. sol. ]. Pleurotoma gibbera, Jeffreys: Monterosato, Nuova Revista, 1875, p. 44 ; Enum. e Sinon., 1878, p. 47; Bull. Soe. Mal. Ital., 1880, p. 77 {nom. sol. }. Leufroyia gibbera, Jeffreys: Monterosato, Nat. Sicil., 1890, p. 27 [nom. sol. }. ‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Stations 30, 50, 56; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. DMistribution.—Palermo, Santo Vito, etc. (Monterosato) ; deep water off Alexandria (Sturany). I have to thank the Marquis de Monterosato for the bibliographical details, as also for the clue to the above identification. No description of the name gibbera has ever appeared. PLEUROTOMELLA (?) Lusiranica, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 3, 3a. Shell moderately elongate, somewhat fusiform in shape, the spire well raised. Colour white, the protoconch stained with chestnut. Whorls about 7, rather flattened, with a well-marked suture. Apical whorls 3, the first being almost smooth and the others decussated by arcuate riblets. The remaining whorls are sculptured spirally by numerous flat, broad riblets, which (under a lens) are seen to be about twice as wide as their interstices, and to be crossed by lines of growth, which give them a roughened or scabrous appearance. The last whorl is large ; the aperture being somewhat squared at the base, and with no noticeable sinus; the outer lip thin and regularly arcuate. The columella is fairly straight above, a trifle twisted at the base, and has a light callus on its lower portion. Long. 6, lat. 3mm. ‘“ Porcupine ’’ Expedition, Station 17. Seven specimens of varying ages: the above diagnosis is ‘ composite,’ as the protoconch in the type is rather worn and a little injured. One specimen (broken) is larger than the dimensions given. Nearly related to Blanchardi, Dautz. & Fischer, but, from their figure, the present shell is more slender and the mouth is not so broad; also the interstices of the spirals are not nearly equal in breadth to the spirals themselves. It is also akin to Dalmasi, Dautz. & Fischer, which was found with it. From that species it may be severed by the form being less elongate, the base not being so pointed, but squarer, with a corre- sponding difference in the shape of the mouth. ‘The spiral sculpture is of a different nature in the present shell, and the zone below the 1 Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. ix, p. 411. 182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. suture in Dalmasi, marked by arcuate strie, is lacking in P. lusitanica. In form the shell recalls Daphnella pompholyx, Dall, but differs apparently in the spirals, judging from his figure. PLEUROTOMELLA MEGALEMBRYON (Dautzenberg & Fischer). Pleurotoma megalembryon, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. ix, p. 420, pl. xvii, fig. 14. ‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17 (five specimens). Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water. I have to thank Mons. Dautzenberg for the identification. PLEUROTOMELLA (?) NopuLosa (Jeffreys). Defrancia nodulosa, Jeffreys: Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. v, vol. x, p. 32. ‘¢ Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 55, 1,456 fathoms. Distribution.—Deep water in the Mediterranean. See notes under Plewrotoma macra, Watson. PLEUROTOMELLA (?) osrusum [ (Jeffreys) Locard ]. Pleurotoma obtusum, Jeffreys: Locard, Expéd. Scient. Tray. Talisman, vol. 1, p. 202, pl. ix, figs. 12-16 ; Kobelt, p. 318. ‘* Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Stations 24 and 30. Distribution.—Deep water to the south and west of Portugal. PLEUROTOMELLA (?) sERGA (Dall). Pleurotoma serga, Dall: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. ix, p. 65; vol. xii, pl. ix, fig. 4; vol. xviii, p. 114. Mangilia serga, Dall: Locard, Expéd. Scient. Trav. Talisman, Moll., vol. i, p. 233. Pleurotoma acanthodes, Watson: Challenger Rep., Gasteropoda, p. 342, pls xxiii, fig. cd: ‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870 (see below). Distribution.—Both sides of the Mid-Atlantic in deep water, also off the Azores. Two lots in the Museum, which I attribute to this species, bear several station numbers whose accuracy is uncertain. I have also the earlier whorls of a specimen from Station 17, and similar fragments from Stations 30 and 56. PLEUROTOMELLA SUBARANEOSA (Dautzenberg & Fischer). Pleurotoma subaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. ix, p. 422, pl. xvi, figs: 11, 12. “‘ Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water. A long series of this handsome shell ; it is the Plewrotoma exquisita, Jeffreys MS. PLEUROTOMELLA THAUMASTOPSIS (Dautzenberg & Fischer). Pleurotoma thaumastopsis, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. ix, p. 426, pl. xvi, fig. 14. ‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Distribution.— Ott the Azores, in deep water. Two very young specimens. SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 1838 PLEUROTOMELLA ? n.sp. Two specimens from the cruise of 1870, Station 17, seem worthy of being noticed. They are very young apparently, and belong to the group of P. subaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer, but they differ from all other forms of this group known to me in the fact that the spirals are almost obsolete and only traces of them are seen. So little is yet known of the variation in this group that I have not endowed them with a specific name. SPrROTROPIS CLYTOTROPIS, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 4, 4a. Shell elongate fusiform, pale brownish white (dead), spire well produced. Whorls 5, angulated and convex. Protoconch of two whorls, large, glassy, and bulbous, smooth save for indistinct traces of microscopic spirals. The remaining whorls are strongly, angulated and carinated at the periphery, this carina appears on the later whorls as if duplex ; below this carina is a second, smaller one, and two more are obscurely indicated below. The mouth is strongly angled, and the canal is spout-like and slightly twisted. Long. 8, lat. vix 4 mm. ‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Eleven specimens, all, except the type, being very young. Akin to the well-known S. modiola, Jan, but slightly broader in proportion to the length. Further, the present shell may be distinguished by the additional spirals below the carina, which are not present in S. modiola, Jan; the canal is also more produced in S. clytotropis. We may compare the sculpture with that of S. monotropis, Dautz. & Fischer, which appears to be a more elongate shell, with a small and pointed protoconch. SPrROTROPIS (?) MEGALACME, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 5, 5a. Shell small, conical-fusiform, spire well raised, fairly solid. Colour (dead) whitish-brown, with a white protoconch. Whorls 6, turreted, regularly increasing. Protoconch large, white, the first whorl and a half smooth, then closely-set longitudinal riblets are seen, and the whorl becomes carinate. ‘he remaining whorls are acutely carinate, with an area below the suture, either smooth or with arcuate striz : below the carina appear numerous longitudinal riblets, decussated by spiral carinations, giving the shell a somewhat prickly or nodulous appearance. The mouth is small, with a well-marked sinuation above ; columella vertical, a little twisted at the base. Long. 5, lat. 2°5 mm. ‘“‘Poreupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Four specimens, three being immature. The details as to the protoconch are taken from a younger specimen than the type. Sprrorropis (?) Metvitu, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 6, 6a. Shell small, elongate, spire well raised, varying a good deal in the relative proportions of length and breadth; colour hyaline white. Whorls 6, turreted, carinated, regularly but slowly increasing, suture well marked, with a small strap-like rim below it. Protoconch large, white, smooth, elevated. The remaining whorls are marked by a strong spiral keel, which is either smooth or bears acute nodules; 184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. lines of growth well marked, aperture fairly broad, the columella twisted at the base. Long. 6, lat. 2°6 mm. ‘« Poreupine”’? Expedition, Station 17. A long series. Recalling in shape the well-known S. modvolus, Jan, but differing in sculpture. I have to thank M. Dautzenberg for examining this shell, together with the bulk of the forms now described. SPrrorROPIs MopIOLUS (Jan). Fusus modiolus, Jan: Cat. Conch. Foss., 1832, p. 10. . Pleurotoma carinatum, Bivona, 1838. Pleurotoma acuta, Bellardi. Pleurotoma scalaris, Partsch, 1837. Spirotropis modiola, Jan: Kobelt, p. 297 (vide references cited). ‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1869, Stations 1, 23a (live), 65; 1870, Stations 16, 24, 30, 50, 56; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms; off Cape Sagres, 45-58 fathoms. Distribution.—From the Lofoten Islands to West Africa, and in the Mediterranean; generally in fairly deep water. Fossil in the Miocene and Pliocene of South Europe. A good series of this form, not usually of common occurrence. Sprrorroris Monterosaror (Locard). Pleurotoma Monterosatoi, Locard: Expéd. Scient. Trav. Talisman, vol. i, p. 209, pl. ix, figs. 22-26. ‘¢ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Distribution.—Deep water, off Morocco (Locard), Three very young specimens, in poor condition, which I refer here with some slight doubt. Tussi (?) monoceros (Watson). Pleurotoma (Thesbia?) monoceros, Watson: Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xv, p. 449; Challenger Rep., Gasteropoda, p. 365, pl. xx, fig. 1. ‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 17. Distribution. —Otf Sierra Leone, in 2,500 fathoms. Several young specimens and fragments, the identification of which, with Mr. Watson’s form was suggested, with a query, by Mr. J. T. Marshall. The unique type has lost its protoconch, and, while these specimens may belong to the same form, it is impossible to speak with certainty. Taranis Morcur (Malm). Trophon Mérehi, Malm: Gotenborg Vet. Handl., 1868, p. 180. Pleurotoma cirrata, Brugnone: Pleur. foss. Palermo, 1862, p. 17. Non Pleurotoma ctirrata, Bellardi: Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. 11, vol. ix (1847), p. 575. Taranis cirrata, Brugnone: Kobelt, p. 323. ‘¢ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Stations 3, 16, 17, 30; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution—¥rom Norway to the Mediterranean and in deep water in the Atlantic. Iam not clear if the North American records are to be relied upon. A Phocene fossil in Southern Europe. ») BXPEDITIONS. 185 SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE The specimens from Station 6 are only fragments of the earlier whorls. HapropLevra ruFA (Montagu). Murex rufus, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 263. Hedropleura rufa, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 328. ‘* Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Foyle, 10 fathoms; also a young, very dead shell from ‘‘ W. Ireland, 73 fath.” Distribution.—Finmark to the British and French coasts. A Tertiary fossil. HDROPLEURA SEPTANGULARIS (Montagu). Murex septangularis, Montagu: Test. Brit., 1803, p. 268, pl. ix, fig. 5. Hedropleura septangularis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 326. ‘** Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—From Bergen to the Mediterranean, also Madeira and Canaries (Jeffreys). A Tertiary fossil of Southern Europe. According to Jeffreys the Pleurotoma Atgeensis of Forbes is, ‘‘ex typ ,” a synonym, while Mangelia rigida (Forbes), Reeve, is a variety. SurcuLa UnDATIRUGA (Bivona). Pleurotoma undatiruga, Bivona: Gen. Posth., p. 7. Surcula undatiruga, Bivona: Kobelt, p. 330. ‘‘ Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; off Cape Sagres, 45-58 fathoms. Distribution.—Various localities in the Western Mediterranean, especially off the Algerian coast; also off N.W. Africa and to the Canaries. A Pliocene fossil. One specimen (young) in the Museum has met with an accident, causing the animal to form a new mouth at an angle to the old one, and from the back view to resemble a Vertagus. Maneetia costata (Donovan). Murex costatus, Donovan: Brit. Shells, vol. iii, pl. xci. Mangelia costata, Donovan: Kobelt, p. 348. “Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, off Lerwick, 10-66 fathoms . (var. coarctata); 1870, Station 50 (and var. coarctata); Vigo Bay, 20) fathoms (and var. coarctata); Tangier Bay, 35 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms (with var. coarctata and a white var.). Distribution. —Finmark to the Mediterranean and Tenerife. European Tertiary fossil. Maneetia rueuLosa (Philippi). Pleurotoma rugulosum, Philippi: Enum. Moll. Sicil., vol. ui, p. 169. Mangelia rugulosa, Philippi: Kobelt, p. 336, ‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution. — From the British Isles to the Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil. BeELLARDIELLA GRACILIS (Montagu). Murex gracilis, Montagu: Test. Brit., 1803, p. 207. Bellardiella gracilis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 348. VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 13 186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Benzert Road, 40-65 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—British Isles to Madeira and Canaries; also in the Mediterranean. A well-known Phocene fossil. Several localities appear on the Museum boxes, but none are sufficiently certain to cite. CLATHURELLA CLATHRATA (de Serres). Pleurotoma clathrata, de Serres: Geogn. midi France, 1829, p. 118, pl. i, figs: 1,28. Clathurella ( Clathromangelia) clathrata, de Serres: Kobelt, p. 369. ‘‘ Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil. I have followed the traditional identification, but if the recent species be distinct, as has been suggested, it should bear the name of granum, Phil. CrataureLta Leurroyr (Michaud). Pleurotoma Leufroy?, Michaud: Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xi (1828), p. 121. Clathurella (Leufroyia) Leufroyi, Michaud: Kobelt, p. 365. ** Porcupine’ Expedition, 1869, Station 36; Little Minch, 45-50 fathoms; 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution. — Norway to the Mediterranean; Canary Islands. Fossil in European Tertiaries. Jeffreys notes that the animal ‘‘is sometimes of a pea-green colour, which is perceptible through the shell”: so far as my own observation, of Guernsey and Herm specimens, has gone, the colour has varied from very pale fleshy to white. CLATHURELLA LINEARIS (Montagu). Murex linearis, Montagu: Test. Brit., vol. 1, p. 261. Clathurella ( Cyrillia) linearis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 367. ‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Foyle, 10 fathoms; 1870, Stations 138, 50; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution—Finmark to the Mediterranean and Canaries. A Phocene and Post-Tertiary fossil from many European localities. I am unable to decide as to the priority between this name and the Murex elegans of Donovan. CLaTHURELLA MarsHauit, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 7, 7a. Shell elongate-fusiform, fairly solid, spire well drawn out. Colour (dead) whitish-brown. Whorls 73, convex, regularly increasing. Protoconch pointed, well exserted, of about 33 whorls, worn and polished but bearing traces of the regular ‘ Clathurella-sculpture.’ Residue of the shell bearing rounded longitudinal riblets of fair size, crossed by a number of spiral threads (about 6 on the penultimate whorl), and showing traces of a smoother area below the suture. Aperture of fair size, with a short, slightly recurved, canal. Long. 4:5, lat. 1°8 mm. ‘* Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17. 9 SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 187 Closely related to many forms of Clathurella, but I am unable to exactly identify it. Mr. Marshall notes ‘nearest to C. dinearis, var. equalis, but more oblong, sculpture finer, with infrasutural area.” CLATHURELLA NIvEA (Monterosato). Pl. XVI, Figs. 8, 84. Defrancia reticulata, var. nivea, Monterosato: Atti Acc. Palerm., 1875, No. i, p. 44. Pleurotoma (Homotoma) nivea, Monterosato: Enum. e Sinon., 1878, p. 46. ‘* Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Station 56. Distribution.— Mediterranean. Recorded from specimens identified by the author. Mr. Marshall writes: ‘‘ This species resembles C. reticulata in size, sculpture, and outlines, but while C. reticudata has a slender and acute apex of four whorls, C. nivea has a broad twisted apex (apex revolutus) of two whorls only, somewhat similar to that of Zrophon and Murex, so that when either of these species are found minus the upper whorls, there is some doubt in determining the species. The same remarks apply to dwarf forms of C. purpurea in relation to C. bicolor, U. gemmata, and C. gracillima.”’ CLATHURELLA PSEUDOHYSTRIX, 1.0. _ Defrancia hystriz, Jan: Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 1v, vol. vi, 5 45 ? Peratotoma histriz, Jan: Sacco, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. xxx, p. 52, pl. xii, fig. 37. Clathurella (Cordieria) hystrix, Jan: Kobelt, p. 357, pl. xevi, fig. 20. Pleurotoma (Clathurella) histriz, Jan: Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. xxvi, p. 304. Non Pleurotoma hystrix, Jan: Cat. Conch., 1882, p. 10. Non Raphitoma histrix, Jan: Bellardi, Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. U1, vol. ix, p. 613, pl. iv, fig. 14. Non Homotoma histriz, Jan: Bellardi, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. ii, p. 267. ‘‘Porcupine’”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms (with a white variety in both cases). Distribution.—Several localities in the Mediterranean; also Madeira (Watson). I have set out the above references in detail, as I am unable to agree with the identification of the recent specimens with the older Tertiary form. Nothing can be gleaned from Jan’s original reference, and the species really rests on Bellardi’s diagnosis and figure, which were, as I understand it, taken from a specimen sent to ae by Jan. Further references may be obtained from the works cited. As the Marquis de Monterosato, who kindly suggested the above “name to me, points out, the fossil form has a pointed protoconch, composed of three or four whorls; while the recent shell, in the character of its protoconch, rather resembles Zrophon. Precisely where the fossil form disappeared and was replaced by the present shell, I am unable to determine, but the two appear to be distinct. 188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. CLATHURELLA PURPUREA (Montagu). Murex purpureus, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 260, pl. ix, fig. 2. Clathurella purpurea, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 359. ‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Stations 35, 50, Gibraltar Bay, 3 fathoms. Distribution. — Atlantic seas from Norway to South England ; oceasionally in the Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil. The specimens from the two first-mentioned stations were identified by Mr. J. ‘I. Marshall as belonging to his variety mznor. CLATHURELLA RETICULATA (Renier). Murex reticulatus, Renier: Tavola Alf., 1804, p. ix. Clathurella reticulata, Renier: Kobelt, p. 351. ‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Stations 51, 56; Rasel Amoush, 45 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms (with var. hispida, Monts.). Distribution. —From England south to the Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil. RapHITOMA ATTENUATA (Montagu). Murex attenuatus, Montagu: Test. Brit., vol. i, p. 266. Raphitoma (Villiersiella) attenuatum, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 380. “Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Vigo Bay, 20 fathoms; Rasel Amoush, 45 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—Jutland and Sweden to the Mediterranean, also Teneriffe. A Plocene fossil. It may be convenient to mention here some specimens from Station 17 of the cruise of 1870. They are very close to attenuata, and may prove to be identical, but the protoconch is different, being dome-shaped rather than cylindrical, and they show other minor variations. Their condition is not good, and I have therefore not named them. Rapuiroma Bracuystoma (Philippi). Pleurotoma brachystomum, Philippi: Enum. Moll. Sicil., vol. 1, p. 169, pl.exxvi, fe. 10: Raphitoma (Ginnania) brachystomum, Phil.: Kobelt, p. 378. ‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Vigo Bay, 20 fathoms; - Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—From Norway to the Mediterranean and Aigean. A Tertiary fossil. Jeffreys notes in his manuscripts that Plewrotoma cycladense (Forbes), Reeve, is a synonym; it is given specific rank by Dr. Kobelt. The form is not in the British Museum, and I am unable to throw any light on the question. Raputroma Leviears (Philippi). Pleurotoma levigatum, Philippi: Moll. Sicil., vol. i, p. 199, pl. xi, fig. 17. Raphitoma nebula, var. levigata: Kobelt, p. 376. “Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Swilly, 3 fathoms (the SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 189 small form known as var. minor, Jeff., alive); 1870, Algeciras Bay, 1-15 fathoms. Distribution.—Mediterranean to the British coasts; also Belgium (Jeffreys MSS.). The animal of the live specimen above-mentioned is thus described by Jeffreys. ‘‘ Body milk-white, with minute and irregular specks of flake white; mouth thick ; pallial tube long and cylindrical; tentacles thread-shaped, short, extremely thin above the eye-stalks; eyes black, conspicuous, placed on the top of long stalks which are three times as thick as the tentacles ; foot long, equal in breadth for two-thirds of its length and narrowing behind; it is squarish or slightly bilobed and double-edged in front, notched or indented behind.” I am unable to decide as to the correct specitic name for this shell. Sowerby described a Pleurotoma laevigata in 1823 (Min. Conch., vol. iy, pl. 387), as noted by Jeffreys in his MS., and the latter proposed to adopt the name nigra of Pot. & Mich. (Gal. Douai, vol. ii, p. 446). According to Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. vi, p. 224) the latter is, however, identical with Montagu’s rufa, and Lam not ina position to settle the question. Jeffreys further suggests that P. atrata, O. G. Costa (1839), may be identical with the present species. There is also a Pleurotoma laevigata of Nyst (1888). Rapuitoma NEBULA (Montagu). Murex nebula, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 267, pl. xv, fig. 6. Raphitoma ( Ginnania) nebula, Mont.: Kobelt, p. 374. “Porcupine” Expedition, 1869, Station 68 (var. fuseformis, Marshall); Lough Swilly, 3-13 fathoms; 1870, Station 50 (with var, abbreviata, Jeff.) ; Tangier Bay, 35 fathoms (a live, young, nearly white form); Gibraltar Bay, 3 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms (var. abbreviata, Jett.). Distribution. — Atlantic coast of Europe, also Mediterranean, Canaries, and Madeira. A Tertiary and Post-Tertiary fossil of the British Isles and the Continent. RapHITOMA NUPERRIMA (Tiberi). Pleurotoma nuperrimum, Viberi: Descr. nuovi Testacei Medit., 1855, p. 14, pl. ui, figs. 7-9. Raphitoma (?) nuperrimum, Tiberi: Kobelt, p. 385. ‘‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Stations 6, 8, 9, 24, 50; Cartagena Bay, 60-84 fathoms; Benzert Road, 40-65 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. Distribution.—Various localities in the Mediterranean and from Arcachon (Locard). This shell is better known under the name of hispidula, Jan ; which form appears not to have been described by that author, but by Bellardi in 1848. From the figures given, the recent shell appears to be very closely allied to the fossil, if not identical, but I have followed Dr. Kobelt in their separation, since Jeffreys says, ‘‘ Not Raphitoma hispidula, Jan, in Foresti’s collection from Bologna; but in other notes I have regarded the fossil and recent species as the same.” 190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Jeffreys also places P. lyciacum (Forbes), Reeve, in the synonymy ; Dr. Kobelt, however, gives it specific rank, but, judging from Reeve’s figure, I concur with Jeffreys. Rapuitoma striotata (Scacchi). Pleurotoma striolatum, Scacchi: Cat. Moll. Regn. Napoli, p. 12 Raphitoma (Smithiella) costulatum, var. striolatum, Scacchi: Kobelt, p- 385. ‘* Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Tangiers Bay, 35 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. [Specimens also in the Museum from Station 9; query which cruise. | Distribution. — Norway to the Mediterranean, and Canaries. A Pliocene fossil. The correct name for this species seems to be an exceedingly difficult problem (see Kobelt, loc. cit.). There is a prior Mangelia striolata of Risso, which seems distinct, as I gather both from his figure and description that the spirals do not cross the longitudinal ribs. Whether it be the Pleurotoma costulata of Blainyille I am not clear, Various other possible names may be suggested, but perhaps the simplest course at present is to follow Jeffreys, who, quoting the shell as ‘‘striolata (Scacchi), Philippi,’ adds, ‘‘in this state of uncertainty caused by the multiplicity of names perhaps it is best to use that name which 1s indisputably appropriate and recognized.” RapuHitoMa TURGIDA (Forbes). Pleurotoma turgida, Forbes: Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1843 (1844), p. 139. Raphitoma (?) turgidum, Forbes: Kobelt, p. 386, pl. xeviil, figs. 19, 20. Pleurotoma nana, Scacchi, 1839, non Deshayes, 1832. ‘‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, off Cape Sagres, 45-58 fathoms; Benzert Road, 40—65 fathoms. Distribution.—Various localities in the Mediterranean. Fossil in the South European Tertiary. From the first-mentioned locality come two specimens, so named by Jeffreys; one of them (a very dead shell) is correct, but I refer the other rather to /evigata. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. Fics. 1, la. Plesrotomelia (?) bullioides, n.sp. »> 2, 20. oe gregaria, D.sp. »» 98, oa. (?) lusitanica, n.sp. 55 thy 4a. Spirotr opis elytotropis, n.sp. 55 1 ON OG. . (?) megalaome, n.sp. 53) 105 Os (?) Melvilli, n.sp. 7c lou has Clathurella Marshalli, n.sp. 53) OpcGde 35 nivea (Monterosato). Vom Vie vr Proc. Manac. Soc. A.H. Searle, del et lith. SHELLS FROM THE PORCUPINE” EXPEDITIONS. 191 ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF SOWERBY’S ‘“ MINERAL CONCHOLOGY ” AND ‘‘GENERA OF RECENT AND FOSSIL SHELLS.” By HE. R. Syxes, B.A. Read 8th June, 1906. Recentiy Mr. Reynell has lent me a little volume containing the back covers of parts 1-108 of the ‘“ Mineral Conchology,” and since these covers give details of the contents and date of publication of each part it appears that a list might prove of use. One such list has been given by Mons. Renevier,! but it is somewhat difficult of access and does not go so fully into detail as I have been enabled to do. I was somewhat puzzled to find that Mr. Reynell’s set of covers ceased with that of No. 108, but an inspection of a copy of vol. vii, bound in the parts and lent by Mr. R. B. Newton, readily explains the matter, for after the cover of No. 108 the residue give no details as to the contents of the part. I desire to thank Mr. Sherborn for his help, and regret that at present I have not found time to utilize his notes on the dates of issue of the foreign editions of the work. VOLE Parr, PLATES. PaGEs. Date. 1 aie 1-3 .. L-vu, 9-16 ae June 1, 1812 2 4-9 106 17-32 See Aug. 1, 1812 3 10-15 oat 33-48 ane Feb. 1, 1813 4 16-21 Sas 49-60 aa April 1, 1813 5 D2 Di are 61-72 eis June 1, 1813 6 28-33 ae lor bee eaS4 so Aug. 1, 1813 a 33 2-38 73 2-84 aise Oct. 1, 1813 8 39-44 ane 85-96 atic Dec. 1, 1813 9 45-50 = 97-108 nae Feb. 1, 1814 10 51-56 eS 109-124 Bo April 1, 1814 11 57-62 Bah 125-140 Bd June 1, 1814 12 63-67 Seis 141-152 aes Aug. 1, 1814 13 68-73 sis 153-168 siete Oct. 1, 1814 14 74-78 ae 169-178 oes Dec. 1, 1814 15 79-84 wae 179-194 ae. Feb. 1, 1815 16 85-90 sate 195-202 a April 1, 1815 17 91-96 ae 203-218 ne June 1, 1815 18 97-102 ae 219-234, Be April 1, 1815 and index to vol. i. Supplementary Index to vol. i, published October 1, 1815. VOL. II. Parr. PLATES. PaGEs. Darter. 19 S55 103-108 aide 1-12 oat Oct. 1, 1815 20 are 109-114 nae 13-28 oe Dec. 1, 1815 21 See 115-120 oY 29-44 iets Feb. 1, 1816 22 sr 121-126 aes 45-60 Rais April 1, 1816 23 Bie 127-132 aoe 61-72 =e June 1, 1816 24 ae 1338-1388 ee 73-84 3 ioe Aug. 1, 1816 25 abe 1389-144 ee 85-100 iets Oct. 1, 1816 26 seis 145-150 sais 101-116 Ue Dec. 1, 1816 ! Bull. Soc. Vaud., 1855. ® Should be 33 is (Emarginula) and pp. 73**-84** (cf. Suppl. Index). 3 Paged as 77-88, but should be as above (cf. index to vol. ii). 192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PLATES. 151-156 157-162 163-168 169-174 175-180 . A, 181-186 187-192 193-198 199-203 Stratigraphical Index (pp Part. 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 PLATES. 204-209 210-215 216-221 222-227 228-233 234-239 240-245 246-248 249-253 254-259 260-265 266-271 272-277 278-283 284-289 290-294 295-300 301-306 and i . 240-251) appeared in No. 38 (December 1, 1818). PaGEs. 117-128 129-140 141-154 155-166 167-178 179-194 195-210 211-224 225-235, ndex to vol. ii. AO) aL 16 PaGEs. 1-16 17-28 29-40 41-48 49-58 59-68 69-80 81-88 89-98 99-106 107-118 119-126 127-138 139-150 151-162 3-170, 166*, 167*, 168-170 172078 179-184, ‘and Alphabetical Index. Date. Feb. 1, 1817 April 1, 1817 June 1, 1817 Aug. 1, 1817 Oct. 1, 1817 Dec. 1, 1817 Feb. 1, 1818 April 1, 1818 June 1, 1818 Darr. Aug. 1, 1818 Oct. 1, 1818 Dec. 1, 1818 Feb. 1, 1819 April 1, 1819 June 1, 1819 Aug. 1, 1819 Oct. 1, 1819 Dec. 1, 1819 Feb. 1, 1820 April 1, 1820 May 1, 1820 May 1, 1821 June 1, 1821 July 1, 1821 Aug. 1, 1821 Sept. 1, 1821 Oct. 1, 1821 Supplementary Index published in No. 61 (June 1, 1822). VOL. IY. PLATES. 307-312 313-318 319-824 325-330 331-336 331-342 343-348 349-354 355-859 3860-3865 ee 366-371 soe 312-301 : 378-383 384-388 389-394 395-400 401+407 Pages. 1-8 9-16 17-24 25-32 33-44 45-56 57-68 69-76 77-82 83-90 89,' 91-96 97-104 105-114 115-122 128-130 131-1388 139-148, “and index to vol. iv. Supplementary Index, really published August 1, 1823, although noted on cover of No. 71 as published in June. Date. Sept. 1, 1821 Dec. 1, 1821 Jan. 1, 1822 Feb. 1, 1822 March 1, 1822 April 1, 1822 May 1, 1822 June 1, 1822 July 1, 1822 Aug. 1, 1822 Sept. 1, 1822 Oct. 1, 1822 Nov. 1, 1822 Jan. 1, 1823 Feb. 1, 1823 April 1, 1823 May 1, 1823 1 This second page numbered 89 is text for Bulimus, pl. 366. 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 SYKES: ON PLATES. 408-413 414-419 420-425 426-431 432-437 438-443 445-450 444, 451-455 456-461 462-467 468-473 474-479 480-485 486-491 492-497 498-503 PLATES. 504-509 510-515 516-621 522-021 628-533 534-539 540-545 546-551 552-557 558-562 563-568 569-574 575-580 581-586 587-591 592-597 598-603 604-609 DATES OF PUBLICATION, VOL. V. PaGEs. 1-12 13-20 21-32 33-40 41-48 49-64 65-72 63*, 64*, 73-78 79-90 91-98 99-114 115-130 131-1388 1389-144 145-152 153-168, and index to vol. v. a \WOlis Wal PAGEs. 1-12 13-28 29-36 37-44 45-50 } 51-76 77-86 87-96 97-108 109-120 VALS y 133-140 141-156 157-164 165-184 185-200 201-214 215-230 if portrait, pretace, and Systematic Index, vols. i—vi. 193 Date. June 1, 1823 July 1, 1823 Aug. 1, 1823 Sept. 1, 1823 Nov. 1, 1823 Dec. 1, 1823 Jan. 1, 1824 March 1, 1824 April 1, 1824 May 1, 1824 Aug. 1, 1824 Sept. 1, 1824 Dec. 1, 1824 March 1, 1825 May 1, 1825 Sept. 1, 1824 Date. Feb. 1, 1826 March 1, 1826 April 1, 1826 May 1, 1826 July 1, 1826 Sept. 1, 1826 Nov. 1, 1826 Jan. 1, 1827 March 1, 1827 May 1, 1827 Aug. 1, 1827 Sept. 1, 1827 Nov. 1, 1827 Jan. 1, 1828 June 1, 1828 Aug. 1, 1828 Jan. 1, 1829 July 1, 1829 Aug. 1, 1835 Title and Index, July 1, 1829; Alphabetical Index to vols. i-vi, March, 1840. Part. 106 107 108 109 110 wali 112 113 PLATES. 610-6138 614-618 619-623 624-628 629-633 634-638 639-643 644-648 VOL. VII. PAGEs. 900 1-8 ood 9-16 boc 17-24 25-40 41-48 49-56 57-80 Date. March, 1840 Oct., 1840 March, 1841 Feb., 1843 Jan., 1844 March, 1844 Nov., 1844 Jan., 1846 1 pp. 51 and 52 are noted on covers of both parts 91 and 92 as being there included ; probably the latter is correct. 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The following notes are taken from the respective covers mentioned : Cover of No. 2, Corrigenda, p. 11, 1. 19, for South read North. Cover of No. 34, ‘‘ The name semis having accidentally been given to two distinct species of Zrochus, tab. 142 and tab. 181, fig. 2, I would wish to name the first of them, t. 142, 7. Anglicus, to distinguish it from a French one nearly like it.” [ Reappears in Index, but is earlier here. | Cover of No. 37 corrects ‘ termination’ to Pectens on pls. 204, 205, to corneus, obscurus, laminatus, arcuatus, and rigidus. Further, there appear on some of these covers dates, ete., of publication of parts of the ‘‘ Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,”’ and I take this opportunity of publishing those given as a supplement to the valuable notes by Mr. Sherborn.’ These details are of interest in two respects; firstly, where they can be collated with the dates extracted by him from the Linnean Society’s Donation-book, they show the accuracy of that work ; secondly, they give dates for certain early parts which he was unable to trace. In dealing with the following list some notes may be useful. Part ix is stated to have appeared on diverse dates on the covers of Nos. 65 and 66: probably the latter is correct, and the earlier date is that on which it was intended to appear. Part xiii has ‘‘ Dec. 28” given as the date of issue ; this appears to be a slip for Jan. 28. The dates in square brackets are those of the parts of the ‘‘ Mineral Conchology ”’ to which reference is made. Minerat Concur. GrenERA OF Recent anp Fosstt SHELLS. No. or Part. No. or Part. Dare. 57 ee J Hee Dec. 31, 1821 58 aa III ate ‘* Last day of Feb.,”’ 1822 59 sa IV eS March 30, 1822 60 av ... April 30, 1822 61 Sapa! .. May 81, 1822 62 dai VII us June 29, 1822 64 Le wu, Auge 81, 1822 65 ann IX me Sept. 80, 1822 66 seis Ix Bis Oct. 31, 1822 67 see po ve uraeDor saline a) aoa 68 af XIII hee Dec. 28, 1822 ML 4 S 69 a XIV a Se March 31, 1823 71 ae XV Bs May 31, 1828 73 ee) ARGV ... July 31, 1823 74 se XVII or ‘* Just published’ [Sept. 1, 1823] 75 ae XVIII se Sept. 30, 1823 76 Lon XX aes Noy. 29, 1823 77 ae XXI ae Dec. 31, 1823 79 MOU ... March 31, 1824 85 At XXV S06 “¢ Just published’ [May 1, 1825] 91 “es XEXVED ese ‘Just published’? [July 1, 1826] 93 ae XXIX aes ‘* Shortly to appear’ [Nov. 1, 1826] 1 Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xili, pp. 370 and 371 (1894). 195 NOTE ON A NEW VARIETY (VAR. LONGISPIRA) OF OLIVA ISPIDULA. By F. G. Briveman. Read 8th June, 1906. I nave for some time had in my collection some specimens of Oliva which I think should be regarded as a variety of the well-known O. ispidula, although at first sight they look almost specifically distinct. They differ considerably from the type in form, being decidedly narrower in proportion to the length, and also in having a much longer and more gradually tapering spire. Their ground-colour is yellowish or yellowish - brown, and is reticulated with an irregular network of brown lines, and often exhibits more or less numerous scattered spots and dots of a much darker tint. The interior of the aperture is chocolate brown, becoming a little paler anteriorly. The suture is narrowly but distinctly channelled, and bordered above with a collar-like callus of a slaty- brown colour. Length of largest specimen 30, diam. 10°5 mm. ; length of spire above the aperture, 9 mm. The locality of my specimens is unknown, but there are three examples in the British Museum, from the ‘ Cuming’ Collection, which are labelled ‘‘ Pasacao, province of Albay, Island of Luzon, sandy mud, low water.’ They are a little lighter in colour than my shells, but in other respects quite similar. This seems also a fitting opportunity of recording the occurrence of this species at the Cape Verd Islands, the British Museum having last year received a series of six specimens collected at that locality by Mr. R. Murchland. They are of the normal typical form, but variable in colour. Some are fawn-colour, with blue-black dottings, as figured by Sowerby in the Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv, pl. ceexli, fig. 250, and two of them have a dark-coloured, clearly defined band at the upper part of the body-whorl, as in fig. 251. The occurrence of this common East Indian shell so far north in the Atlantic is very remarkable, although it has been recorded from South Africa. 196 ON CHLORITIS HETEROMPHALUS, PILSBRY. By Prof. Henry A. Pirspry, Sc.D., ete. Read 8th June, 1906. In the Manual of Conchology, vol. vi, pl. li, figs. 60-62, a Chloritis was figured which, by some oversight, was not described in the text, though the name appeared in the explanation of plates, p. 320. No other reference to the shell has come to my knowledge, and the species was apparently forgotten until Mr. G. K. Gude, in a recent letter, directed my attention to it. A description is offered below, with new figures, more correct in Baise than those originally published, Shell planorboid, rather openly umbilicate, the umbilicus contained about 63 times in the diameter of the shell; yellowish-brown, with a tinge of flesh-colour, paler and whitish around the umbilicus, and with a faint pale band along the summit of the last whorl. Sculpture of indistinct growth-lines, and faint, close, and very fine spiral strie, more distinct below than above. Spire moderately concave. Whorls 5, convex, at first very slowly widening, then, at the later half of the penultimate whorl, more rapidly so, the last whorl unusually wide, rounded peripherally, its last fifth slowly descending to the aperture. The aperture is very broadly crescentic, and quite oblique. The peristome is well expanded, the basal margin narrowly reflexed. The upper and outer margins are more arcuate than the basal, which is dilated at its insertion. The parietal callus is thin and transparent. The umbilicus is well-like, contracting slowly within. Alt. 12°7mm.; greater diam. 26°5, lesser 21°8 mm. Hab.—New Guinea. Type No. 58,217 A.N.S.P., presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson ; collector unknown. A much smaller specimen, with the lip partly broken, is with the type. It would, if perfect, measure only about 19 mm., yet agrees so closely with the type that I do not doubt that the two are specifically identical. This species evidently belongs to the group of C. circumdata, and is nearest, | think, to C. Maforensis, Tapp.-Can., which differs by having a much more narrowly lunate aperture, and a coloration somewhat different. There can be no doubt that the type of C. heteromphalus is much faded, yet it certainly was never multifasciate, hke Iuforensis or micromphalus. The upper part of the last two whorls, near the suture, is very weakly plicate radially. The pale band along the upper convexity of the last whorl is so faint as to be hardly noticeable unless closely looked for. iy ON BURTOA NILOTICA (PFEIFFER) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACHATINA, ETC. By Avexanper REYNELL. Read 8th June, 1906. PLATE XVII. In the early part of last March Mr. KE. A. Smith kindly offered me the opportunity, which I was pleased to be able to accept, of examining the anatomy of the above animal, which is, as far as he or I can learn, unknown. The specimens, three in number, came from Bumako Island, situated in the northern part of the Victoria Nyanza, west of Entebbe, which is on the north coast. They were preserved in alcohol, in very good condition, but unfortunately two of them, owing to the quantity of eggs they contained, could not be extracted entire. The third one, received later, was fortunately extracted by Mr. Smith almost entire, and contained no eggs. The general anatomy bears a very strong resemblance to that of Achatina, but it seems very possible that the functional condition of the organs must have some effect on their apparent shape and position to a greater or lesser extent. T'oo much attention should not be paid to the shape of such parts as the spermatheca, oviduct, etc., for comparative purposes, unless one has the supposed different genera and species in more or less identical functional condition. Externally, the visible soft parts of Burtoa, in the contracted condition as I had them, are similar to Achatina. The animal con- tracts in the same manner, the foot being folded together longi- tudinally. The top of the foot is distinctly flattened by the weight of the shell, more so than in the specimens of Achatina which I have had the opportunity of examining, viz. Avauss?. This flattening varies considerably in the three specimens above mentioned. In one case it is particularly noticeable for a distance of 21mm. from the hinder edge of the collar, the surface rugosities being very much obliterated ; but whether this area is specialized to the same extent as has been noticed in Archachatina, mentioned by Pilsbry (Man. Conch., vol. xvii, p. xii), I am unable to state, not having had the opportunity of examining any of the species belonging to this group. The lung (Fig. 1), as in Achatina, is short, very richly veined on both sides of the pulmonary vein (Fig. 1, P.V.), which has no large branches. This veining varies very considerably in different animals, as 1s apparent from the three I examined. The kidney (Fig. 1, We.) is a long tongue-shaped organ, having its anterior end rounded, and being twice the length of the pericardium. The ureter (Fig. 1, Ur., U.1) takes the usual course as in Achatina, and is closed throughout practically its whole length; but in the cloaca, at the point where the rectum opens into it, there is a large delta-shaped muscular fold on its upper side (Fig. 1 A, IZ F.), which must direct the discharge from the kidney, on leaving the ureter, more or less into the grooves (Fig. 1 A, /. 1, F. 11) formed by it and the walls of the chambers. 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The interior, quite of the last portion of the rectum, is provided with several longitudinal folds which appear to project from the inner surface of the lining at this point (Fig. 1 A, &.F.). ‘The genital system is simple, without accessory organs, and similar to Achatina, but the penis (Fig. 2 A, P.) is provided with a true retractor (Fig. 2, &./.), terminal, and inserted distally on the diaphragm. ‘The penis is enclosed in a glossy muscular sheath, and when freed is seen to be rather a slender organ. The vas deferens (Fig. 2, V.D.) enters through the wall of the sheath, having attached to it a strong muscular band (Fig. 2B, J/.B.), the other end of which is fixed to the base of the penis. This muscular band appears to be, though contained by the sheath, practically free from it, as far as attachments are concerned. ‘lhe penis is directed to the left, the terminal retractor passing over the buccal mass just in front of the points of entry of the ducts of the salivary glands, its distal end being inserted on the very front edge of the floor of the lung-chamber, close to its junction with the mantle, at a point about in line with the left tentacle, thus conforming to Limicolaria Vanatte and Cochlitoma Crawfordi, in the terminal penis retractor being inserted on the lung- floor, and mentioned by Pilsbry (Man. Conch, vol. xvil, p. vii), though no mention is made of the position of insertion in the area of the floor. After leaving the muscular sheath enveloping the penis, the vas deferens is free till it joims the prostate gland (Fig. 2 C, Pr.) at the base of the uterus (Fig. 2C, U¢.). The male portion of the generative canal runs as a separate tube, enveloped by the membrane of the uterus. The vagina (Fig. 2 C, Vg.) is short and stout, 10-15 mm. in length in the different specimens examined, somewhat swollen at the point of insertion of the spermatheca-duct, which is about 15 mm. in length. The spermatheca itself varied very considerably in shape in the specimens containing eggs, compared with the specimen that did not. In the former case it appeared as a more or less roughly triangular, or pear-shaped, somewhat flattened sac, with the duct inserted at one side, some distance from the base (Fig. 2C, Sp.), whereas, in the non-pregnant or but recently pregnant animal, this organ might be called almost fusiform, the duct, it is true, being inserted a little to the side (Fig. 2D), the only sign of a possible capability for swelling at the base being seen in some slight corrugations on the lower part just above the point of insertion of the duct. The organ was about the same length as its duct, viz. 15mm. The free oviduct (Fig. 2 C, F.0d.) is about the same length as the duct of the spermatheca. The oviduct proper is of the usual form in the specimen in which no eggs were contained; in the other two cases it was much distended, with almost transparent walls. The eggs, all of which were contained in a calcareous shell, varied in size from 4mm. in length and 2°75 mm. in breadth to 8:5 mm. in length and 6°65 mm. in breadth. There were no free embryos. From the two specimens I counted 154 eggs. The albuminiparous gland (Fig. 2 A, A. G7.) is very similar to that usually found among most of the groups of pulmonates, as far as I know. The duct of the ovotestis, which is REYNELL: ON BURTOA NILOTICA. 199 provided with a cecum (Fig. 2 A, Ce.) close to its junction with the albuminiparous gland, has the common folding, the ovotestis itself (Fig. 2 A, O¢.) being made up of six or more lobes of varying sizes, and more or less free from one another, and distinct. This gland is easily visible on account of its dark purple-black colour. Both the gland and its duct are enveloped in connective tissue, quite free from the liver, and in consequence there is no difficulty in their isolation. But little could be made of the embryos contained in the shells, many of the largest of which I examined in the hope of finding some in a fairly advanced state, but in each case the podocyst enveloped practically the whole. In the more advanced specimens the first coils, amounting to from a turn to a turn and a half, were distinct, owing to their being covered with a very thin, pale-green chitinous shell, situated at the apex. In some other cases the first coils were devoid of visible covering, though well formed and situated some distance below the apex, and protruding through the enveloping podocyst. Just under the shell, and exterior to it, are two papilla which may be the rudiments of tentacles. Under these, again, is a distinct transverse slit, a possible oral opening.. The action of the spirit had caused the embryos to become quite opaque and very brittle, thus adding to the difficulty of examination. Jaw (Fig. 3A) more compressed laterally and not so arcuate as in Achatina, with three or four coarse ribs in the centre, more or less finely striated vertically over the rest of the surface. Radula (Fig. 3B) having about 62—1—62 teeth in a row in the widest part. Centrals narrow (Fig. 3 C), without cusps; laterals 1-34 (Figs. 3C and D) on each side, tricuspid, at first distinctly, the entocone gradually becoming reduced till the 384th tooth is reached, after which it ceases to exist as a cusp in most rows, but in some it disappears somewhat earlier. The last 25 teeth in the row degenerate very rapidly, both the mesocone and ectocone becoming smaller and smaller till the margins are reached. The mesocones overlap the bases of the teeth in front of them, but this does not apply to about the 25 outermost teeth on each side. Remarks.— Without taking into account the shell characters, the anatomy of Burtoa Nilotica shows its undoubted alliance with the Achatinine, as might be expected from its geographical range. It agrees with Archachatina, Cochlitoma, Achatina, Limicolaria, and A topocochlis in the median teeth of the radula being narrow, and with Cochlitoma, Achatina, and Atopocochlis in the laterals being more or less tricuspid, though in Cochhiioma Crawfordi, examined by H. A. Pilsbry, the inner pair of laterals had entocones without well-developed cutting- points. The jaw seems to vary too much in all the genera that have been examined to form much basis for classification at the present time. The most important peculiarity is, without doubt, the point of insertion of the penis retractor. Lémicolaria is nearest in agreement in this, but I have not been able to find the actual place of insertion in the lung-floor mentioned in any of the works consulted. In Cochlitoma Crawfordi Pilsbry found the penis retractor attached 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. distally to the diaphragm near its right border. In all the other Achatinine examined the penis retractor seems to be a branch of the right ocular retractor. The following genera, Pseudachatina, Columna, Metachatina, and Perideriopsis, are, according to Pilsbry, still unknown anatomically, as is also Callistopepla, with the exception of the radula, which was worked out by Adolf d’Ailly (Moll. terr. et d’eau douce de Kameroun). In the present state of our knowledge the genus Burtoa, as exemplified by Mlotica, seems to fit in very nicely where it is, between Achatina and Limicolaria In concluding, I must offer my thanks to Mr. E. A. Smith, Mr. E. R. Sykes, and Mr. R. H. Burne for kindly assistance with literature and advice. REFERENCES. D. de Férussac et G. P. Deshayes: Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particuliére des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles, etc., Paris, 1820-51. M. J. R. Bourguignat: Mollusques de l’Atrique E’quatorial de Moquedouchou, etc., Paris, 1889. H. A. Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology, vols. xvi and xvii, October 6th, 1903 - June, 1905. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. Fria. 1.—General view of pallial organs with the pericardium laid open. ,, 1A.—Cloaca and lower portions of the rectum and ureter of another specimen laid open to show their relative positions. Also the thick muscular fold and furrows leading to ureter. 5, 2.—General view of the genital system with the organs in their natural position. The final portion of the albuminiparous gland was missing, and is approximately shown by dotted lines. The ovotestis and its duct were missing, but the cecum is there. ,, 2A.—Albuminiparous gland with the ovotestis and its duct and caecum from an unimpregnated or recently impregnated animal. ,, 2B.—Penis divested of the muscular sheath, showing muscle attached to vas deferens. », 2C.—Lower portion of the reproductory system of another impregnated animal, laid out. ,, 2D.—Spermatheca from an unimpregnated or recently impregnated animal. » o&A.—Jaw. », & B.—Radula. ,, 3C.—Median and first lateral teeth of radula. 5, 3 D.—Two lateral teeth from half-way between centre and margin of radula. A. Anus. iPeeReniss A.Gl. Albuminiparous gland. Pr. Prostate. Ce. Czecum. P.V. Pulmonary vein. F.1, F.11. Grooves leaving ureter in Re. Rectum. the cloaca. R.F. Longitudinal folds on inner surface F.Od. Free oviduct. of rectum close to the vent. H. Heart. R.M. Penis retractor. M.B. Muscular band. Sp. Spermatheca. M.F. Muscular fold in cloaca. Sp.D. Spermatheca duct. M.S. Muscular sheath of penis. Ors (Ur 0 Urtls ai reten. Ne. Kidney. Ut. Uterus. Ot. Ovotestis. V.D. Vas deferens. Ot.D. Duct of ovotestis. Vg. Vagina. voc. MaLac. Soc. Vol. VI. Pl XVI. 1, del ad nat. London Stereoscopic Co. imp SE OMY (OF SBURTOA NILOTICA. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 201 ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 91H Novemser, 1906. E. R. Sykes, B.A., President, in the Chair. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South Formosa.”” By E. A. Smith, I.8.0. 2. ‘Description of a new subgenus and species of Alyceus from Ke-lan-tan.”” By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. 3. ‘* Descriptions of six new species of shells and of Zeptomya lintea, Hutton, from New Zealand.” By Henry Suter. 4. ‘Descriptions of some Tertiary Shells from New Zealand.” By Henry Suter. Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of Paludestrina from water- pipes in South London, also fresh specimens of Paludestrina similis from Oulton Broad. Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill exhibited a new species of Zatcrus and a shell doubtfully referable to the genus A/aba. Mr. B. B. Woodward exhibited local varieties of Acavus phenix from Ceylon. Mr. F. G. Bridgman exhibited specimens of Oliva and Olivella, including a dark variety of O. elegans, and examples of O. truncata, O. violacea, and O. Caribbeensis. Mr. A. 8S. Kennard (on behalf of Mr. R. Standen) exhibited some heavy shells of Helix nemoralis and H. aspersa from Dog’s Bay, Galway. Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a photographic facsimile of Renier’s ‘*Tavola alfabetica delle Conchiglie Adriatiche,”’ etc., 1807. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 14TH DecemBer, 1906. E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair. Miss A. Collins, Mr. T. Iredale, and Mr. Hans Schlesch were elected members of the Society. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Laturus.”” By J. Cosmo Melvill, MeADS EES: 2. “On the Anatomy of Zugelus gibbus and T. divisus.” By H. H. Bloomer. VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 14 202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 3. ‘Descriptions of two new species of Helicoid Land Shells from German New Guinea.” By J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S. Mr. H. B. Preston.(on behalf of Mr. E. A. Smith) exhibited a specimen of Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of Vosinia; also an abnormal specimen of /istulana, showing a peculiar reparation of injury. x E. R. Sykes exhibited some living specimens of Helix Evan- daleiana, Pfr., sent from Clare, South Australia, by Mr. Matthews. He also showed a segment of a card catalogue of the generic names of Mollusca. Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited a specimen of Ephippodonta McDougalli. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, llta January, 1907. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Dr. Henry Woodward and Mr. H. B. Preston were appointed auditors for the accounts of the previous year. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘‘ Descriptions of seven new species of Achatina from the Congo Free State.” By 8. I. Da Costa. 2. ‘Further contributions to our knowledge of the genus Chloritis, with descriptions of eleven new species.”” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S. 3. ‘* Description of a new species of Papuina, and illustrations of some hitherto unfigured shells.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S. 4. “Descriptions of new non-marine Shells from New Zealand.” By Henry Suter. Mr. A. 8. Kennard exhibited an extremely small adult specimen of Helix nemoralis from county Donegal, and examples of ZH. hortensis from Cattle Island, Mass. This species is apparently the only repre- sentative of the genus indigenous in America. Mr. A. Reynell exhibited a specimen of Zima excavata dredged in 444 fathoms inthe Bay of Biscay, and specimens of Lotoriwm giganteum dredged in 240 fathoms. Mr. R. H. Burne (on behalf of Professor C. Stewart, F.R.S.) exhibited a model of part of the sepiostaire of Sepia officinalis, showing the structure of the ‘ float.’ NOTES. 203 NrOMTsKGss Nore on FrstuLANA MUMIA PERFORATING A VALVE OF A DOSINIA. (Read 14th December, 1906.)—In the fifth volume of these “ Proceedings ” (p. 345) Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton gave a brief notice of a specimen of this species, which was shown to have bored its way though a Mitra. Another instance of the perforating power of the Fstulana has for many years been in the British Museum. A small valve of a species of Dosinia, 15mm. in length, has been bored through by a Fistulana (Fig. 1), and is firmly attached to the tube about three-quarters of an inch from the posterior end. The specimen was purchased at the sale of Captain Belcher’s collection in 1851. No locality accompanies it, but it was probably obtained somewhere in the China Sea, where he collected so largely. The Dosinia may be the young of D. excisa, Chemn., as it has the very large superficial lunule so characteristic of that species. A curious reparation of a tube after being broken is shown in Fig. 2. The specimen, now in the Museum, came from Singapore, and formed part of the collection of the late Surgeon-Colonel Samuel Archer. K. A. SMITH. Norse on Panvpestrina Jenxinst. (Read 9th November, 1906.)— The British Museum received from Mr. H. F. Fermor last October about 200 specimens of this species which had been taken from water-pipes in South London. They seemed, at first, so unlike the typical form of the species that I was inclined to regard them specifically distinct. On comparing them, however, with specimens from the North of Ireland, received from Mr. R. Welch, certain individuals were met with which appeared to link these shells with P. Jenkins? The specimens were found in a 4inch main in Grummant Road, Peckham, a district of South London. These pipes have been laid down between thirty and forty years, but we do not know how long the shells have existed in them or how they got into such a position. The water is drawn from the Thames at Hampton, and there passed through the sand filter-beds, thence is conveyed to the Nunhead reservoirs, and then pumped into the service-mains. The service is on the continuous supply system, so that the pressure in the pipes would be about 40 pounds to the inch. There would probably not be a great flow of water through this particular main, as it was closed at 204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. one end of the street, and connected at the other with a 12 inch main in Peckham Road. No specimens have been observed in the latter or any other pipes, which is very curious. All the specimens, without exception, are in perfectly clean condition, showing that there was very little mineral or vegetable deposit in the water, although evidently sufficient vegetable matter upon the pipes for the animals to feed upon. The species is viviparous, according to Mr. Charles Oldham, who collected many specimens in Cheshire containing “large numbers of fry ready for exclusion” (Journ. of Conch., vol. x, p. 42), and Messrs. Jackson and Taylor also observe that the acute-spired species of this genus are viviparous (op. cit., vol. xi, p.11). It therefore becomes quite certain that the species was not introduced into the pipes in the ova-state, but that either young or more adult shells had by some means found an entrance. It is well known that the species apparently increases at an enormous rate, for localities have been described as ‘“‘ taken over” by it in myriads where the previous year not one was seen (Stubbs, op. cit., vol. x, p. 284). It is therefore quite probable that the species has not long existed in this subterranean locality. These shells differ from typical specimens in being more graceful and slender, and in having the spire longer and the aperture smaller. Length 4:5, diameter 2°25mm.; length of a typical specimen 5mm., diameter 3mm. A small variety of the species was observed by Mr. A. Mayfield last Autumn in Oulton Broad, Suffolk, “in countless thousands.” Specimens kindly presented by him to the British Museum measure only about 3°75 mm. in lepgth and 2 in breadth. Some specimens similar to those from the water-pipes were sent in 1905 to the Museum by the London Hydraulic Power Company, having been found in an open tank upon the top of a building in Blomfield Street, E.C. Some shorter examples, much coated with a rusty deposit, were submitted by the same company. These occurred in a high-pressure water-meter at Middleton’s Wharf, Wapping. All the specimens received were dead shells. E, A. SMITH. GLESSULA PARABILIS (Benson), Achatina parabilis, Benson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1856, vol. xviii, p. 96. Glessula fusca, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 15, pl. iv, figs. 10, 10a. Hab,—Ceylon. This species was accidentally omitted from my paper in the last part of the “ Proceedings.” Its position in the series is between Nos. 26 and 27 on p. 165. R. H. BEDDOME. 205 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CALLIOSTOMA FROM SOUTH FORMOSA. By Epnear A. Samira, I.8.0. Read 9th November, 1906. CaLLIOStOMA FORMOSENSIS. Testa elate et acute conica, ad peripheriam acute angulata, seriebus pluribus granulorum spiralibus (duobus supra suturam ceeteris majoribus) ornata, alba, rufo maculata; spira alta, fere concave conica; anfractus circiter 9 plani, ultimus infra planiusculus, concentrice tenuiter granulato - liratus, circa regionem umbilicalem impressam callo albo marginatus; apertura rhomboidalis ; columella incrassata, albo-margaritacea, obliqua; labrum tenue, intus tenuiter sulcatum. Diam. maj. 42, min. 35mm.; alt. 35 mm. A very beautiful species, well characterized by the style of sculpture, its form, and coloration. It does not compare at all closely with any other species. ‘The series of granules on the body- whorl above the periphery are alternately larger and smaller, the latter upon the preceding whorl becoming merely fine lire without granulation. There are about ten rows upon the last whorl besides the two more prominent rows at the periphery which form a con- spicuous belt above the suture. This is marked with reddish blotches which are rather equidistant, and the rest of the surface of the spire is also more faintly staimed with red, but chiefly upon the rows of granules, and not in the interstices. The blotches upon the periphery are also visible on the underside of the whorl, which is whitish, excepting some of the series of granules around the central part, which are reddish. These are farther apart and more coarsely granose than those towards the circumference. Altogether there are about twenty rows. There is a faint umbilical depression bordered by a thickish white ridge. The outer lip is thin, oblique above, and shallowly sinuated at the base. The lines of growth are more conspicuous upon the base than upon the spire. 206 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBGENUS AND SPECIES OF ALYCZUS FROM KE-LAN-TAN. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. Read 9th November, 1906. Amone a number of shells from Ke-lan-tan which recently came into my possession there was included a species which I at first thought belonged to the genus Alyceus, but, upon careful examination of the operculum, I found that it bore characters totally different from those of the hitherto described typical species of that genus, and which appeared to make it quite worthy of subgeneric rank. I therefore now propose the new subgeneric name Pincerna for the shell in question, and venture to describe it as below. PINcERNA, nov. subgen. Shell Alycziform ; operculum horny, convex below, concave above, bearing in the centre of the upper surface a hollow protuberance in the form of a circular cup, the margin of which is slightly reflexed outwards. PINCERNA LIRATULA, 0.Sp. Shell conical, pale yellowish horn colour; whorls 43, convex; the first whorl and a half smooth, the remaining whorls sculptured with fine spiral lire, and somewhat coarse transverse ribs which are much more numerous and closely set on the body-whorl; last whorl constricted about two and a half millimeters from the aperture and destitute of transverse ribs in the constricted area; suture deeply impressed ; aperture circular; peristome continuous, double, and reflexed outwards ; umbilicus narrow and deep, partly concealed by the reflexed peristome, which, owing to a notch or depression at this point, is expanded outwards and downwards; operculum horny, convex below, concave above, bearing in the centre of the upper surface a hollow cup-shaped protuberance, the margin of which is slightly reflexed outwards. Alt. 5°5mm.; diam. maj. 4°5 mm.; aperture, diam. 2mm. Hab.—Ke-lan-tan. 207 DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME TERTIARY SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. By Henry Suter. Read 9th November, 1906. PLATE XVIII. A Few years back a number of fossil shells were kindly given me for description by Professor James Park, F.G.S., Director of the School of Mines, Dunedin, and the following is the result of my investigations, most kindly assisted by Dr. W. H. Dall, of Washington. Lapparta Part, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 1, 2. Shell fusiform, with large caricelloid protoconch, costate lower whorls, and 5 oblique plaits on the pillar. Sculpture: one of the specimens shows distinct marks of spiral striation on the last whorl of the protoconch, but on the succeeding whorls hardly a trace of it is visible. The axial sculpture consists of sharp, slightly flexuous ribs, 14 on the fifth whorl, extending over the whole height of the whorls ; interstices with numerous, close, feebly marked incremental lines. Spire conical, a little shorter than the aperture. Protoconch consisting of 23 to 8 whorls with impressed suture, the apex lateral, raised, and pointed; the first two whorls convex, slightly higher than the last whorl, which is also less rounded. Whorls slightly straightened below the suture, thence flatly convex. Suture superficial, undulated by the axial costation. Aperture long and narrow, margins subparallel, Columella nearly straight, slightly concave at the base, with 5 sub- equidistant oblique and slender plaits. Inner lip spreading as a very thin callus over the pillar and on to part of the body. Height 23, breadth 7:5 mm. (immature shell). Locality.—Lower Gorge of Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand (Professor J. Park). Formation. — Labelled ‘“‘Oamaru Series, Oligocene.” However, since I received the specimens Professor Park has published a paper on the ‘‘ Marine Tertiaries of Otago and Canterbury,” in which he estimates the Oamaru Series as belonging to the Miocene." Type in my collection. All the fossils under consideration I sent to Dr. W. H. Dall for examination, and he expressed the opinion that these New Zealand fossils recall the North American Kocene more than the Oligocene. On this particular species Dr. Dall kindly wrote to me: ‘I am much interested in your specimen, which, as you say, recalls the Caricella type of nucleus strikingly. It is, however, in some respects intermediate between the typical Caricella and the shell named by Conrad Zapparia, which is closely allied to Caricella. Both, without a doubt, belong to the group with a membranous protoconch. I am glad to see it, since it shows the course of 1 Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xxxvii (1905), pp. 508, 550. 208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. evolution was analogous in both hemispheres, while Mr. M. Cossmann (speaking, I am sure, on insufficient evidence) has claimed that this was not the case. The fossil is quite immature, but I incline to the belief that the adult would show a form not very far removed from Psephea coneinna, Brod.” The species differs from the typical Lapparia, and partly also from Caricella, by the almost complete absence of spiral sculpture and the presence of five columellar plaits, and it therefore becomes questionable whether it should not form a new subgenus or section of one of the two genera. I have classed it under Lapparia because I think it shows more affinities with that genus than with Caricella. Both genera are recorded from the Eocene and not from newer formations, and it therefore is open to question whether or not part of the Oamaru Series should be relegated to the Oligocene period. An interesting fact was pointed out by the late Captain F. W. Hutton in his ‘‘ Index Faune Nove-Zealandie”’ (p. 17): Several genera of marine mollusca appear in the Eocene of Australia, but did not reach New Zealand until the Miocene and Pliocene periods. I am not sufficiently well acquainted with the Australian Eocene Volutide to say whether forms are known which might be considered the ancestors of our species. The species is named in honour of Professor James Park, our distinguished geologist. Prevrotroma PareroraeEnsis, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 3. Shell fusiform, thin and fragile, height of aperture less than that of the spire, upper whorls nodulous, body-whorl finely spirally grooved. The sculpture consists of small oblique nodules on the upper three whorls below the nucleus, but faintly indicated on the following volutions. On the fourth and following whorls shallow, close, spiral grooves adorn the lower half; on the body-whorl a fine spiral groove below the suture is present, and from below the sinus-area subequi- distant, somewhat deeper, spiral grooves occur down to the base. Spire high, turreted. Protoconch lost. Whorls about 8 to 9, flatly shouldered, convex below the periphery, body-whorl convex, con- tracted towards the base. Suture distinct, but shallow. Aperture oblong, shorter than the spire, produced into a prominent, slightly flexuous canal, truncated at the base. Outer lp rather sharp and thin. Columella shghtly sinuous and covered by a thin and narrow callus. Sinus distinctly marked by growth periods, broadly rounded, not deep, situate between the suture and periphery. Height about 20-22, breadth 6 mm. Locality.— White Rock, Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand (Professor J. Park). Formation. — Labelled ‘ Oamaru Series, Oligocene.’ Miocene (Professor J. Park, 1905). Type in my collection. In outline and sculpture this species stands nearest to Drillia Buchanani, Hutton, which, however, is a more solid shell, much more distinctly shouldered, and with the axial costz persisting on all the whorls. SUTER: ON TERTIARY SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. 209 Exmia Datu, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 4, 5. Shell slender, fusiform, longitudinally costate and spirally striate, with a narrow aperture and long, straight canal. The sculpture consists of longitudinal, close, oblique, and slightly flexuous ribs, about 20 on the penultimate whorl; they are rounded and of the same width as the interstices. Spiral sculpture formed by close-set narrow grooves, extending over the ribs, and absent over a short space below the suture from the eighth whorl downwards. Spire subulate, higher than the aperture. Protoconch small, formed by two smooth. shining, and rounded whorls. Whorls 10 on the immature specimen before me, flatly convex, regularly increasing in size, the body-whorl very little expanded, prolonged into a straight and long canal. The lower part of this is broken off. Suture impressed, distinct. Aperture narrow, pyriform. Outer lip, which is broken off, no doubt slightly flexuous. Columella with a slight elevation in the middle, two inconspicuous and slender plaits juts below the suture, which may easily be overlooked. The inner lip spreading as a thin narrow glaze over the pillar. Height about 20, breadth 5 mm. Locality —White Rock, Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand (Professor J. Park). Formation. — Labelled ‘ Oamaru Series, Oligocene.’? Miocene (J. Park, 1905). Type in my collection. Dr. W. H. Dall’s comment on this species is: ‘‘ Immature shell, related to, if not identical with, my Plcefusus. We have a recent species, P. rectirostris, Carpenter, very much like this, though larger; we have in our Eocene a number of species very similar to your fossil, and for them Conrad proposed the genus Laila (which does not have plaits on the pillar, as stated by Cossmann). It is quite possible that the name should be retained, as there are some characters which seem to divide the Eocene and Oligocene forms from our similar, but always larger and coarser, Plierfusus of the recent fauna.” As stated in the diagnosis, my specimen has two columellar plaits. However, I must confess that 1 might not have seen them if I had not especially looked for them in consequence of Cossmann’s statement." I have much pleasure in uniting Dr. W. H. Dall’s name with the species as a mark of my deep- felt gratitude for the very liberal and always most valuable help he has ‘accorded me in my conchological studies. ‘Those who have access to large collections and extensive libraries have no idea what such kind help means to a worker in New Zealand, where a scientist has not these facilities. Carpium (Tracuycarpium) Warraktense, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 6. There being only the central part of a right valve in my possession, the description must, for the present, remain fragmentary. Shell solid, ventricose, radiately very finely ribbed; the ribs number 1 Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée, livr. iv (1901), p. 26. 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. about 60, they are flat, smooth, the sulci slightly narrower than the ribs. A few concentric low ridges are visible on the posterior part of the shell, forming low nodules on crossing the ribs. This seems to imply that towards the margin the ribs may have been granulate, squamose, or spinous. Umbo elevated, incurved, and slightly proso- gyrate. The hinge-plate is rounded, elevated, and bent over towards the rather long and straight nympha, forming a deep groove for the insertion of the ligament. There are two smooth cardinals reaching as high as the top of the umbo; the posterivr tooth is stouter, conical, united on the outside with the smaller anterior tooth, leaving a deep socket between them. Part of a posterior lateral tooth is present. The anterior part of the shell is most likely much shorter than the posterior, and the length of the valve may have been between 40 and 50 mm. Locality.—W aitaki Valley, North Otago, New Zealand (Professor J. Park). ae — Warekuri Greensands. Labelled ‘‘Oamaru Series, Oligocene.” Miocene (J. Park, 1905). Type in my collection. Dr. W. H. Dall wrote about this species : ‘“A Cardium, belonging to the section Zrachycardium, and related to C. gigas, Defr., of the Paris basin Eocene.” Professor Park also sent me a fragment of a carditoid shell, near Venericardia, which, however, is quite insufficient for description. 211 DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS AND OF LEPTOMYA LINTEA, HUTTON, FROM NEW ZEALAND. By Henry Souter. Read 9th November, 1906. PIRATE XSVIL: CorngocycLtas AvckLanpica, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 7—7e. Shell small, inequilateral, oval, and somewhat inflated. Beaks not prominent, rounded, situate at the posterior third; prodissoconch smooth, convex, passing without strong demarcation into the adult valves. Anterior end convex, dorsal margin nearly straight, slightly descending. Posterior end much shorter, regularly rounded. Basal margin broadly convex. Sculpture consists of very fine concentric strie. Colour light yellow; interior slightly whitish. Hinge-plate narrow. Right valve with paired anterior and posterior laterals, two cardinals, the anterior slender, broadly V-shaped, the posterior stouter, elongately triangular, situate partly below and behind the anterior cardinal. Left valve with single anterior and posterior laterals, two cardinals, one in front of the other, the antericr tooth stouter, hook- shaped, and the posterior very slender, directed backwards. Ligament small, inset. Length 3°5, height 2°75, diam. 2mm. (One of the largest specimens. ) Hab.—The specimens used as type were collected many years back by Mr. Musson in a pond at Parnell, Auckland. Other localities are : Ohaupo (C. Musson); Otaki Gorge (H. B. Preston); Heathcote Estuary, near Christchurch, in slightly brackish water (H. 8.). Type in my collection. This species never attains the size of C. Nove-zelandie. From young specimens of the latter it may be distinguished by being more inflated and by having the beaks more posteriorly. From C. *Hodghini it is separated by the somewhat larger size, the more oval form, and by being more inequilateral. Most of the specimens have above and behind a ferrugineous coating. VenericarpiA (Prevromerts) Bortonst, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 8-80. Shell small, ovate, solid, slightly inequilateral, and with nodulous radiate ribs. Beaks approximate, but little anterior, high and erect, prosogyrate, incurved; protoconch very small, pointed and smooth. Anterior end with the dorsal margin descending and slightly concave, thence subangularly rounded; posterior end sharply convex, dorsal margin descending, long, and a little convex, basal margin regularly and broadly rounded. Lunule subcordate, finely striated. Escutcheon lanceolate, long and narrow, minutely striate, bounded by a carina. Sculpture : 14 strong radial beaded ribs with slightly broader interspaces ; ; numerous concentric ridges, more prominent distally and on the base. Colour brown, much lighter towards the beaks. Interior white, porcellanous, margins strongly fluted. Hinge solid, right valve with a stout seenatiln central cardinal, which is laterally microscopically striate, anterior and posterior cardinals not well developed, the anterior lateral tooth is distinct, the posterior very 212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. feeble; left valve with two divergent cardinals, the anterior stouter and triangular; a large lamelliform and marginal lateral tooth is present, which is connected above with the posterior cardinal, the anterior lateral much less distinct, elongated and distant. Ligament very short. The adductor scars are oval, distinct, the anterior deeper. Pallial line simple and entire. Length 9, height 8, diam. 4°5 mm. Hab.—A number of valves were obtained by Captain J. Bollons in 18 fathoms, Port Pegasus, Stewart Island. A few valves were also gathered by Mr. A. Hamilton when dredging off Otago Heads. Type in my collection. This species is nearest related to our V. corbis, Phil., and V. lutea, Hutton. The former is usually much smaller, shorter and more triangular, with 10 to 11 coste, broader than the interspaces. JV. dutea is sometimes found twice as large, but by comparing specimens of the same size it proves to be more oval, the ribs finer or more numerous, about 16, interspaces narrower than the ribs, inside brown. It gives me great pleasure to unite the name of Captain J. Bollons with the species. It is to his great interest in conchology and his indefatigable energy that we owe so many interesting discoveries, and his liberality and readiness in procuring specimens for study are really inexhaustible. Tettina (AncuLus) Spencerr, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 9-98. Shell elongately oval, thin, compressed, rostrate and but slightly flexuous posteriorly, subequilateral, with fine concentric strie. Beaks small, approximate, sharply pointed, smooth and shining, a little anterior. Anterior end regularly rounded, nearly straight dorsally, with a shght fold from the beaks to a little above the middle. Posterior end rostrate, with a distinctly raised fold from the beaks towards the posterior angle, slightly flexed to the right; the dorsal margin excavate below the hgament, descending straight to the rostrum, and slightly sinuate below it. Basal margin broadly rounded, somewhat straightened in the middle. Sculpture consists of close and fine concentric striz with distinct periods of rest; the strize are more distinct and slightly raised on both ends, inconspicuous in the centre. Very faint and distant radiate lines are visible under a good lens. Epidermis very thin, light yellowish, easily rubbed off. Colour yellowish-white, darker on and above the posterior fold. Interior of valves white, porcellanous; margins smooth. Hinge: right valve with a central triangular and bifid cardinal, a second in front of it, which is a little smaller and oblique ; close and parallel to it is a distinct lateral tooth ; a trace of a posterior lateral is mostly present, situate behind the nympha, the latter being rather short. Left valve with a posterior, thin and very oblique, and a central, trigonal, bifid cardinal. The ligament is rather short and high. Anterior adductor scars oval, posterior scars almost round and larger. Pallial sinus large, broadly triangular, the highest point near the middle of the antero-posterior axis, thence descending to within a short distance of the anterior adductor scar; the ventral part coalescent with the pallial line, which is parallel to the ventral SUTER: ON NEW MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND. 213 margin. A radial line passes from the beaks towards the margin behind the anterior adductor scar, and two posteriorly, all of which, however, are not very conspicuous. Length 45, height 25, diameter 10 mm. Hab.—The species was discovered by Mr. Charles Spencer, of Auckland, on the beach at Opotiki, east coast of the North Island. Later on I found it washed up on New Brighton beach, near Christchurch, dredged it in 6 fathoms in Akaroa harbour, and lately Captain J. Bollons found specimens washed up after a gale at Hicks Bay, north-west of East Cape. Type in my collection. Named, in compliance with the wish of the late Captain F. W. Hutton, in honour of Mr. C. Spencer, a keen collector and observer of molluscan life, who also very kindly supplied a photograph of the species for reproduction. Leptromya tintEa (Hutton). Pl. XVIII, Figs. 10-10e. Tellina decussata, Lamk.: Hutton, Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., 1873, p. 67, non Lamk. Tellina lintea, Hutton, l.c., p. 67. Tellina subovata, Sow.: Hutton, le., p. 67; Journ. de Conch., 1878, p. 47; Man. N. Zeal. Moll., 1880, p. 144; P.L.S. N.S. Wales, vol. ix, p. 521, non Sowerby. Tellina Stranget, Desh.: Hutton, Journ. de Conch., 1878, p. 47; Man. N. Zeal. Moll., 1880, p. 144; Plioc. Moll. N. Zeal. in Macleay Mem. Vol., 1893, p. 80; Index Faune Nove Zealandie, 1904, p. 91, non Deshayes. Tellina retiaria, Hutton: Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xvii, 1885, p. 322. Hutton’s diagnosis runs as follows :—‘‘ Oval, thin, pellucid, very finely concentrically and transversely striated ; anterior end rounded, posterior end longer, sub-angular, scarcely folded; right valve with two and left valve with one cardinal tooth; lateral teeth obsolete. White. Height 6; length -82 (=15°5 x 21mm.). Stewart’s Island.” The following emendations are here offered :—The shell is more or less inequilateral, the beaks anterior. Sculpture consists of fine, subequidistant concentric striz with better marked periods of rest, sometimes lamellar on the posterior end, where a distinct fold runs down from the beaks; this concentric sculpture is reticulated by exceedingly fine and close-set radiate strie. Escutcheon clearly defined, lanceolate, with oblique sublamellar folds, devoid of radiate sculpture. Epidermis easily rubbed off, thin and light yellowish. Colour mostly white, sometimes inconspicuously irregularly con- centrically banded with darker and lighter yellowish-brown. The interior is white, porcellanous, the margins smooth. Hinge-plate narrow and short; the right valve with two simple, slightly triangular cardinals, the anterior oblique, posteriorly a narrow and very oblique resilium. Left valve with a stout, bifid or trifid cardinal, in front of which is sometimes, but not always, a small lateral tooth. Ligament short, with very slender nymphe. The anterior adductor scar is oblong, not very distinct, the posterior scar round or oval and 214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. well impressed. Pallial sinus deep and broad, rounded in front, not coalescent at the base with the pallial line. Dimensions.—Auckland specimen: length 14, height 11, diameter 6mm. Elongated specimen from Stewart Island: length 25, height 17, diameter 10 mm. Hab.—Stewart Island (type). There are also specimens in my collection from Auckland Harbour; 25 fathoms near Channel Island, Hauraki Gulf; Manukan Harbour; and Petane Harbour. Type in the Colonial Museum, Wellington. To the synonyms mentioned by Hutton in his Pliocene Mollusca Z. decussata has to be added, as there are specimens of Z. dintea in the Colonial Museum labelled with Lamarck’s name by Hutton. The specific name Stanger?, Desh., used for our species up to a few years back, had to be abandoned since Mr. Hedley kindly told me that Mr. E. A. Smith in his Marine Mollusca of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes (p. 627) had reduced 7. Stangert to a synonym of Z. carnicolor, Hanley. The tracing of the figure of the latter, also sent by Mr. Hedley, at once convinced me that our lintea is quite a different species. About two years ago I sent a few specimens of our shell to Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, asking him to be good enough and tell me whether they were the same as “ep. subovata, Sonn % and IT am indebted to him for the following information :—‘‘ The bivalve is not a Zellina and quite distinct from 7 Stangert, Desh., and subovata, Sow. It has a different dentition and internal ligament which is not found in Zée//ina. It is near the genus Leptomya, A. Adams.” I had full confidence in Hutton’s classification, and had never closely examined the hinge, or I should have seen that it is not a Tellina. The shell is variable in length and colour, but the chief characters are constant in all specimens I have seen. The yeliowish-brown and elongate form I know only from Stewart Island; specimens from the North Island are always white and nearly equilateral. This variability may no doubt account for the many names adopted for this species, but a worker in New Zealand may well be excused making a mistake now and again, for reasons pointed out by me in several places. Notwithstanding some unavoidable errors, conchologists will agree with me when I express the opinion that the work done by the ‘Tate Captain F. W. Hutton was good and accurate. Few men could have done better under the prevailing circumstances. Dentatium (EpisipHon) ARENARIUM, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 11. Shell arcuate, tapering, thin and shining, with a yellowish tinge. At the apex 10 equidistant rounded longitudinal ribs, which may increase to 12 or more towards the anterior end; interspaces distinctly longitudinally grooved, the number of these grooves being 5 to 7, with minute, fine, somewhat irregular growth-rings. When the aperture has been damaged the new growth of the shell may show but traces of the coste, being minutely reticulate. Posterior and anterior section of shell circular. Apex with a central small tube inserted in the partly SUTER: ON NEW MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND. 215 closed orifice, with a slight dorsal direction. Length 19 mm.; diam. of aperture 2°5, diam, of apex ‘°75mm.; tube, length 1, diam. -4 mm. Hab.—Dredged in 18 fathoms, Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, by Captain J. Bollons. Type in my collection. My largest specimen has a length of 28 mm. This is a very interesting addition to the fauna of New Zealand. A species belonging to the same subgenus (D. virgula) was described by Hedley in 1903, 1 the specimens being obtained in 41 to 75 fathoms off the coast of New South Wales. D. arenariwm is, as far as I can ascertain, the first species of the subgenus known to possess well-pronounced longitudinal ribs. The little apical tube is present in all the eight specimens collected. Mopatia austRALis, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 12-12a. Shell very small, elongately oval, with a blackish leathery girdle and sutural tufts. Anterior valve with 8 slits, teeth smooth. Intermediate valves with a rounded central posterior projection, insertion plates with one slit. Posterior valve depressed, with an oblique slit on each side and bisinuate in the middle behind. Girdle narrow, leathery, slightly broader on the sides, with a few sutural spicules. Colour probably ash-grey with a few longitudinal brown stripes on the jugum; inside bluish grey with a posterior brown margin. On the intermediate valves the tegmentum forms a narrow band by passing beyond the articulamentum. Sinus broad and slightly pectinate, the sutural plates narrowly rounded. The valve callus is quite distinct. Length 9, breadth 5:5 mm.; divergence 120°. I am indebted to Captain J. Bollons for two specimens he collected at the Snares Islands (south of Stewart Island). Type in my collection. Both examples are so much corroded that it is impossible to recognize the sculpture. The side-slits of the posterior valve leave no doubt about its generic position. This species is, as far as I know, the first of the genus recorded from the southern hemisphere. Evserra VENusTA, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 13. Shell large, globose, white, imperforate, with two low spiral ribs round the umbilical region. Sculpture consists of close, unequal, slightly wavy lines, which are crossed by subequidistant fine growth- lines, interspersed with distant strong and flexuous radial folds, very likely marking periods of rest. Colour light bluish white, porcellanous, Spire conoidal, about one-fourth the height of the shell. Protoconch depressedly globose, formed by 23 smooth and convex whorls. Whorls 53, first slowly, then rapidly increasing, convex, the last whorl very large and rounded, base convex; two low and broadly rounded ribs encircling the umbilical region, the outer rib beginning at the lower third of the penultimate whorl and terminating at the junction of the outer with the basal lip. Suture not deep, on the last 1} whorls with a milk-white broad inferior band. Mouth large, broadly ovate below, 1 Mem. Austral. Mus., vol. iv, p. 328. 216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. much excavated above by the penultimate whorl. Outer lip broadly rounded, thin and sharp, inner ae spreading as a thin and broad callus over the body-whorl, but forming a thick, white, and shining callus on the concave columella. Basal lip narrowly rounded, not “produced. The columellar border is regularly S-shaped. Height 40, diam. 37 mm. Hab.—This unique specimen was found by a fisherman near Cape Farewell, and came into Captain J. Bollons’ possession. He most kindly presented it to me. Type in my collection. This shell shows a peculiarity which I do not remember ever having seen in any other shell. Looking up from the base, there is visible inside the columellar border a perforation right up to the apex of the shell, having a diameter of about 3mm. at the base ; : the columella does not form a vertical solid pillar, but is wound up in a spiral, leaving a free space in the centre. I use the generic name Euspira, Desor & Agassiz, 1837, as proposed by Harris in his Cat. Tert. Moll. Brit. Mus., pt. i, p. 264. This species is very nearly allied to the Pliocene shell Scgaretus (?) Drew, Murdoch,' and has almost the same size, but is distinguished from it by being more globose, the periphery not flattened, the columella more concave, and the presence of two umbilical ridges. The Rev. Mr. Webster first announced the occurrence of the genus as recent in New Zealand waters by enumerating amongst shells to be added to the fauna lst Scgaretus undulatus, Hutton, from Cape Maria van Diemen.* I have not seen his specimen, but it seems to be very different from the species now described. It is a highly interesting fact that New Zealand has two species still living, while the only other known recent species, /. fluctuata, Sow., inhabits the Philippines. As my specimen is an empty shell, we remain for the present in ignorance with regard to operculum and animal. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. Fie. 1. Lapparia Parki, usp. x 2. 55 2. a Back view of protoconch, magnified. ae 3. rapt otoma Pareoraensis, n.sp. x 2. ‘9 4, Exilia Dal, n.sp. x 3. A 5; ~ 45 Protoconch, magnified. 6. Cardium Waitakiense, n.sp. Hinge. Nat. size. Fics. 7, 7a. Corneoeyclas Aucklandica, u.sp. Shell, magnified. - 7b, Te. re * Cardinals of valves. » 8, 8a. Venericardia Bollonsi, n.sp. Shell, magnified. Fic. 82. of Interior of right valve. Ab 9. Tellina Spenceri, n.sp. Shell. Nat. size. 5» 94, 9d. 13 Interior of right valve. yO: Leptomya lintea, Hutton. Shell, magnified. 5 Og: - “ An Elongated form, nat. size. son VLOD: ne ‘, a Interior of left valve. ae ele: 3 Fe Hinges of the two valves. 11. Dentalium arenarium, n.sp. Magnified. 12. Mopalia australis, n.sp. Much magnified. 12a: es Valves, much magnified. Soe callBtc Euspira venusta, D.Sp. Nat. size. 1 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii, p. 320. 2 Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xxxvii, p. 281. Roc. .Martac. Soc. VoLVII. PL. XVIII. Sear ai FA ag e % Se 19 min We J.Greer lith. H. Suter del. MOLLUSCA, FOSSIL & RECENT, FROM NEW ZEALAND. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LATIRUS. By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. Read 14th December, 1906. Larirus (PrristerNtA) SOWERBYI, n.sp. L. testa mediocri, fusiformi, utrinque attenuata, solida, anfractibus 7, apice parvo, levi, ceteris ad suturas paullum impressis, quatuor supernis (apicali excluso) gradatim multum attenuantibus, ultimo ceteris exsuperante, apud basim attenuante, undique costis crassi- usculis decoratis, nigro-brunneis vel (in uno specimine) castaneis, spiraliter crassiliratis, liris irregulariter hic illic nitide albopustulatis, presertim prope basim, apertura lactea vel violascente, pyriformi, subtus elongata, canali producto, columella nitida, obscure triplicata. Long. 19, lat. 8 mm. Hab.—Galapagos Isles (?). A remarkable little Perzsternia, much attenuate at either extremity. The thickened, dark or chestnut-coloured longitudinal ribs, and white shining scattered pustules, more gregarious near the base of the body- whorl, are likewise characteristic, as is the pyriform aperture, much narrowed basally, the canal being somewhat prolonged. Four examples, supposed to be from the Galapagos Islands, but a slight element of uncertainty exists as to this. JI am much indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for handing me this interesting species with a view to description, and it gives me pleasure to connect his name with it. The type has been placed in the British Museum (Natural History). VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 16 218 ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS GIBBUS AND T. DIVISUS. By H. H. Broomer. Read 14th December, 1906. PLATE XIX. I pestre first of all to thank Professor W. H. Dall, of the United States National Museum, for so kindly allowing me to examine the following specimens :— TacELus Gipsus (Spengler). External Characters.—The animal measures from the anterior side of the anterior adductor muscle to the posterior side of the posterior adductor muscle 48mm. and is 19mm. deep. It curves a little dorsally along the dorsal surface, and laterally is slightly constricted. Separately the mantle-lobes (Fig. 1, JZ.) project a little dorso- anteriorly from the anterior adductor muscle, and passing around the mantle edges it is observed that they are curved anteriorly, and there is no concrescence of the apposed surfaces until a position directly ventral to the posterior adductor muscle is reached, which also marks the great extent of the pedal aperture. Between this point of concrescence and the posterior adductor muscle the mantle edges are not again concresced. At the junction of the mantle-lobes, ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle, is the musculus cruciformis (Fig. 1, I.C.), the terminations of which are on each side, situated equally, though some distance, apart. The proximal portion of the siphon (Fig. 1, #v.S. and Jn.S.) commences close to the posterior adductor muscle, but soon takes a deep bend inwardly, so that the central part les ventrally to the retractor pedis posterior muscle. It then returns and ends above the musculus cruciformis. Along the antero- lateral margin the siphon is coalesced with the inside walls of the mantle-lobes, thereby completely enclosing the posterior part of the pallial cavity, with the exception of the siphonal apertures. The mantle-lobes extend a considerable distance posterior to their fusion with the proximal portion of the siphon, and are capable of enveloping the greater part of the free siphonal tubes (Fig. 1, P.Z.P.). The latter are long and separate, the exhalent (Fig. 1, Zv.S’.) being longer than the inhalent one (Fig. 1, Zv.S’.). They have thick walls and are very muscular. Internally they are ribbed longitudinally and transversely, the transverse ribbings being very close together. The retractor siphonal muscles (Fig. 1, S.2.J/.) are short and thick, and soon spread out into an oblong-ovate-shaped body, and from a large surface adhere to the valves of the shell. When contrasted with Zagelus rufus! it will be observed that in 1 «The Anatomy of Pharella orientalis, Dunker, and Tagelus rufus, Spengler” : Journ. Malac., vol. x (1903), p. 114. BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 219 Tagelus gibbus the mantle-lobes are much more muscular, while those portions of them posterior to the posterior adductor muscle are not so deep; the free siphonal tubes, though larger and more muscular, are shorter, and the central part of the proximal portion of the siphon is situated more posteriorly ; the posterior part of the anterior adductor muscle is comparatively larger, but both portions of the muscle are of the same depth. In 7. rufus the anterior is deeper than the posterior part, but the division by the ventral integument passing between the two parts is not so marked; the posterior adductor muscle is smaller; the foot is more muscular; the free portion of the pedis retractor posterior muscle is shorter and thicker, and the distal ends of its bifurcations rest on the antero-dorsal surface of the posterior adductor muscle instead of being united with the anterior side as they are in 7. rufus. Compared with Solecurtus Dombeyi (Lam.),' it will be seen that in T. gibbus the mantle-lobes, anterior to the siphon, are about as muscular, whilst the proximal portion of the siphon is not nearly so muscular, and the free portions of it do not appear to possess the power of inversion like those of S. Dombeyi; the depth of the anterior adductor muscle is not so great, nevertheless the posterior portion is larger; the foot is not nearly as large or as muscular; the free portion of the pedis retractor posterior muscle is much longer, and the posterior part of the animal is also much longer, It will thus be inferred from the foregoing that 7. gibbus possesses some of the characters of both Z. rufus and of S. Dombeyi, but anatomically lies nearer the latter than the former species. Pallial Muscles.—The muscles of the pallial edge commence at the anterior adductor muscle as a deep band and gradually diminish in depth as they proceed posteriorly. The anterior adductor muscle (Fig. 1, 4.4.) is a muscle of even depth, being about three times as long as deep, with the anterior part slightly curved ventrally. The smaller posterior part is separated from the anterior by the ventral muscular integument passing between them. The muscle is connected anteriorly with the mantle-lobes, and posteriorly with the body-covering and retractor pedis anterior muscles. The posterior adductor muscle (Fig. 1, P.A.) is an ovate-shaped muscle connected anteriorly with the body-covering and the bifurcated ends of the retractor pedis posterior muscle, and posteriorly with proximal portions of the siphon and mantle-lobes. The musculus cruciformis (Fig. 1, J£C.), as before stated, is situated ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle. The united portion is thick and short, with the four distal ends of nearly equal length. The branchial retractor muscles are present, but less prominent and not so well developed as those of Solecurtus strigillatus. Pedal Muscles.— The foot (Fig. 1, #.) is deep, short, and very muscular. The general appearance shows it to consist of numerous 1 «On the Anatomy of certain Species of Solenide ’’: op. cit., vol. xii (1905), p. 78. 220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. bundles of longitudinal muscles with a large number of transverse ones, the whole encased in a muscular integument. The retractor pedis anterior muscle is not very long or bifurcated, and on reaching the proximal portion of the foot its fibres run chiefly posteriorly and internally to the longitudinal muscles. The retractor pedis posterior muscle is very long, and the distal ends of the bifurcated portions rest on the antero-dorsal surface of the posterior adductor muscle. The protractor pedis muscles are very short, and lie close to the retractor pedis anterior muscles. There is some slight indication of the presence of weakly developed elevator pedis muscles. Alimentary Canal.— The wide mouth (Figs. 2 and 3, JL) points anteriorly with the lips (Figs. 2 and 3, 4.Z. and P.Z.), projecting forwards. The cesophagus (Figs. 2 and 8, Oe.) is very short, and quickly opens into the stomach. The stomach is comparatively large, the posterior being larger than the anterior portion. The division of it into distinct parts is well defined on the left side, but on the right side is only traceable with difficulty. On the left side, the cesophageal division (Fig. 2, Oe.St.) is small, and separated from the central (Fig. 2, C.D.) and cardiac (Fig. 2, C.St.) divisions by muscular ridges. Posterior to the cesophageal division lies the central division, and above the central division is the cardiac division, the latter being very small. The dorsal ridge of the central division is developed into a muscular papilla, the continuation of it extending nearly across the stomach (Figs. 2 and 3, IZP.). From the dorsal side of the papilla runs another muscular ridge separating the cardiac from the posterior division. The pyloric division (Figs. 2 and 3, P.St.) occupies the remaining, and larger, portion of the stomach. Where the cecum of the crystalline style (Figs. 1, 2, and 3, €.C.) leaves the pyloric division on its ventral side it is very large, but soon tapers to a diminished size, and then passes with a curve to the dorsal part of the pedal cavity about the centre of the foot. At the junction of the cecum of the crystalline style and the stomach is a raised muscular ridge. The crystalline style itself extends all along the cecum and the centre of the stomach to the anterior part. The intestinal wall (Fig. 3, Jn.) is fused with that of the cecum of the crystalline style, and appears as a groove on the right side of the latter, but near the distil end of the caecum is quite entire (Fig. 1, Zn.). The intestine afterwards returns along the right lateral side of the cecum for some distance, when, becoming free, proceeds with a curve to the posterior side of the pyloric division, where it forms a large number of folds, and, bending posteriorly, passes over the posterior adductor muscle into the exhalent siphonal chamber (Fig. 1, 4.). The liver (Fig. 1, LZ.) covers the stomach with the exception of the dorsal surface at the anterior end. Nervous System.—The cerebro-pleural ganglia are situated on each side, a little anterior to the mouth, and are connected by a commissure passing in front of it. ‘he viscero-parietal ganglia are situated underneath the bifurcated BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 221 parts of the retractor pedis posterior muscle, a position anterior to the posterior adductor muscle. The branchial nerve takes a deep bend anteriorly before reaching the gills. The pedal ganglia are situated between the transverse pedal muscles close to the czcum of the crystalline style, but some little distance anterior to the distal end of it. TaGELus prvisus (Spengler). The animal measures from the anterior side of the anterior adductor muscle to the posterior side of the posterior adductor muscle 25 mm., and is 11mm. deep. Dorsally it is curved outwardly, but along the ventral surface is nearly straight. The mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, IZ.) are connected with the anterior side of the anterior adductor muscle, whence they first outline a large anterior curve, and afterwards pass posteriorly in nearly a direct course, until a position almost ventral to the posterior adductor muscle is reached before the marginal parts are joined together, thus denoting the great extent of the pedal aperture. The foot (Fig. 4, /.) is comparatively larger, deeper, and more muscular. In the single specimen under examination it lies in an antero-ventral direction, but whether this is its natural resting position is doubtful, as there is some indication of more than normal tension of the muscles in and near the anterior region of the proximal portion of the foot; however, the fact that the range of the pedal aperture extends so far posteriorly in the different species of Tagelus and the presence and situation of certain pedal muscles point to the use of the foot in a ventral as well as an anterior plane of movement. The proximal portion of the siphon (Fig. 4, #x.S. and Jn.8.) is situated between the mantle-lobes, a little antero-ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle, whilst laterally it is united with the inside surface of each mantle-lobe, thus quite enclosing the posterior portion of the pallial cavity with the exception of the siphonal apertures. Behind this coalesced line the mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, P.Z.P.) extend separately some distance posteriorly, so enabling them, when necessary, to completely envelop the free siphonal tubes (Fig. 4, #v.S’. and In.S’.). The latter are separate from each other with the distal ends pointing dorsally, and, though somewhat contracted, they are relatively shorter than those of allied species. Anteriorly the proximal portion of the siphon continues on each side of the animal as a siphonal retractor muscle (Fig. 4, S.#.Jf), which is short, thick, and rounded, but soon spreads out into an ovate-shaped body, and from the external surface adheres to the adjacent valve of the shell. When contrasted with the other species of Zagelus it will be seen that TZ. divisus possesses quite distinctive characters. Its resemblance to Solecurtus Dombeyi is noticeable in the muscular mantle-lobes, the strongly developed muscular foot, the diminished length of the free siphonal tubes, and the power of the posterior parts of the mantle-lobes to completely envelop them, when necessary ; but it differs from this and the other species in its greater depth, in the comparative largeness of the anterior and posterior muscles and of the musculus cruciformis, in the length of the retractor pedis posterior 222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. muscle (which is much longer than that of S. Dombeyz, but shorter than that of either 7. rufus or T. gibbus), and, as far as I have been able to ascertain from the specimens submitted to me for examination, in the possession of elevator pedis and protractor pedis muscles. Pallial Muscles.—The muscles of the mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, IL.) begin at the anterior end as a deep band, and lessen in depth as they proceed posteriorly. The anterior adductor muscle (Fig. 4, 4.4.), which lies inclined a little in an antero-ventral position, is a broad and deep muscle, curved dorsally, and gradually decreasing in depth towards the posterior side. It is connected anteriorly with the mantle-lobes and posteriorly with the proximal portion of the foot and body-covering. I cannot trace any complete division of it by the ventral integument passing between the anterior and posterior portions. The posterior adductor muscle (Fig. 4, P.A.) is very deep, but shallows somewhat towards the posterior side. It is connected anteriorly with the body-covering and the posterior retractor pedis muscle, and posteriorly with the mantle-lobes. The musculus cruciformis (Fig. 4, Jf. C.) is a broad transverse muscle situated ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle, near to the edge of the mantle-lobe. It appears to be in one piece, of nearly the same width and depth throughout, with its external surfaces adhering to the valves of the shell. There is a slight indication of the presence of the branchial muscles (Fig. 4, B.2.), which are attached to the shell a little behind the pedis elevator muscles. Pedal Muscles.—As before stated, the muscles of the foot are very muscular, the muscularity reaching as far as the dorsal surface of the proximal portion of it. The protractor pedis muscles (Fig. 4, P.P.) are short and situated posterior to, with the terminal parts a little over, the anterior adductor muscle. The retractor pedis anterior muscles (Fig. 4, P.2.A.) are likewise short, and situated a little distance posterior to the protractor pedis muscles. The elevator pedis muscles (Fig. 4, #.P.) are posterior, though nearer the median line, to the retractor pedis anterior muscles. The retractor pedis posterior muscle (Fig. 4, P.R.P.) is a rounded muscle of medium length, with the distal end of it bifurcated, the bifurcations resting on the antero-dorsal edge of the posterior adductor muscle. Alimentary Canal.—The lips (Figs. 4, 5, and 6, A.Z. and P.L.) point antero-ventrally. The cesophagus (Figs. 5 and 6, A.Z. and P.L.), which is of medium length, soon expands into the cesophageal division of the stomach (Figs. 5 and 6, O¢.S¢.). This division widens out posteriorly as far as what I have previously termed the muscular papilla (Fig. 5, J.P.). The anterior continuation of the latter projects laterally some considerable distance across the stomach, separating the cardiac (Fig. 5, C.St.) from the central (Fig. 5, C.D.) division, but both of these divisions are small. The pyloric division (Figs. 5 and 6, P.St.) is large, and continues as the cecum of the crystalline style oe ; - _ i - +a - 7 : : es - _ _ Proc. Mauac.Soc. C.C..__. eee \ --- AL é/ ' ep. & fot Oe Sts Me dabsSer PE. Ds H.HB. del.ad-nat ANATOMY OF TAGELUS Vor VII. Pu. XIX. GIBBUS Huth,Lith® London. & Th. DIVISUS: BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 223 (Figs. 5 and 6, C.C.), which is a sac of considerable length passing directly near to the ventral surface of the foot, when it curves sharply and proceeds to the dorsal surface of the pedal cavity. The intestine (Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Zn.) appears as a constricted groove (Fig. 6, Jn.) on the right side of the csecum of the crystalline style. Near the distal end of the cecum the intestinal wall becomes complete, and the intestine returns along, and attached for some distance to, the right lateral side of the cecum; then, leaving it, proceeds with a curve to the dorsal surface of the pyloric division, and, turning posteriorly, goes as the rectum (Fig. 4, 2.) over the posterior adductor muscle, around its posterior side to the exhalent chamber (Fig. 4, 4.). The nervous system apparently is very similar to that of 7. gibbus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. TaGELus Gipgus (Spengler). ey eS 2 a . View from right side, showing the alimentary canal, etc. Nat. size. ,, 2. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the left side. x 2. ,, 8. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the right side. x 2. TAGELUs Divisus (Spengler). View from right side, showing the alimentary canal, etc. x 2. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the left side. x 3. ,, 6. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the right side. x 3. oe A, anus; A.A. anterior adductor muscle; -4.Z. anterior or upper lip; B.R. branchial retractor muscle ; C.C. cecum of crystalline style ; C.D. central division of the stomach; @.S¢. cardiac division of the stomach; Z.P. elevator pedis muscle : Ex.S. proximal portion of the exhalent siphonal chamber ; Ex.S’. exhalent siphonal tube; F. foot; F. Jn. folded portion of the intestine ; In. intestine ; Jn.S. proximal portion of the inhalent siphonal chamber ; Zv.S'. inhalent siphonal tube; L. liver ; M. mouth ; M.C. musculus cruciformis, a transverse muscle situated ventrally to the siphon; M.Z. left mantle-lobe; M.P. developed portion of the muscular ridge, extending a considerable distance across the stomach and representing the continuation of the muscular papilla of Solen ; Oe. esophagus ; Oe.St. esophageal division of the stomach; P.A. posterior adductor muscle; P.L. posterior or lower Ne PAV oIe posterior portions of the mantle-lobes, which envelop and are connected anteriorly with the siphon; P.P. protractor pedis muscle; P.R.A. retractor pedis anterior muscle; P.R.P. retractor pedis posterior muscle; P.S¢. pyloric division of the stomach; R. rectum; S.R.M. siphonal retractor muscle ; S¢. stomach. 224 DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF HELICOID LAND-SHELLS FROM GERMAN NEW GUINEA. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S. Read 14th December, 1906. Ruytipa BEpNALLI, n.sp. Testa depressa, tenuis, patuliformis, corneo-fusca, nitida, umbilicata ; anfr. 4 rotundati, sutura bene impressa, vix canaliculata separati, undique pulcherrime regulariter costulati et lineis nonnullis spiralibus leviter notati, ultimus rotundatus, non descendens; umbilicus apertus, infundibuliformis, usque ad apicem pervius, anfr. omnes exhibens; apertura obliqua, fere rotunda, tenuis, marginibus distantibus. Diam. maj. 7, min. 6mm.; alt. 3°5mm.; apertura 2°5 lata. Hab.—German New Guinea. A pretty little species with rather deeply cut suture and wide perspective umbilicus. The spiral sculpture, which in reality is little more than impressed scratches, is very irregular, but here and there distinctly visible both above and below the rounded periphery. CoLIoLUs THRIX, 0.sp. Testa elata, conico-pyramidalis, umbilicata, fusca, strigis et maculis albidis sparsim notata sub epidermide brunnea, dense longipilosa; anfractus 8—9, convexi, ultimus acute carinatus, vix descendens; 8 primi embryonales spiraliter striati, ceeteri undique oblique ruditer striati, epidermide hirsuta induti, sensim a peripheria ad apicem obtusum decrescentes. Basis fere plana, medio circa umbilicum modicum PONSONBY: ON LAND-SHELLS FROM NEW GUINEA. ~ 925 leviter excavata. Apertura oblique ovata, marginibus distantibus, callo albo elevato junctis. Peristoma tenue, flexuosum, margine columellari brevi, vix incrassato et reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 13, min. 12mm.; alt. 13°5 mm.; apertura 7 mm. lata. Hab.—German New Guinea. The genus Coliolus was founded by Tapparone - Canefri for C. Arfakiensis, the other known species being Canefriana, Smith, and Weisket, Fulton. C. thrix therefore forms an interesting addition to this restricted genus, in which, judging from shell characters, it is best included. The sculpture and arrangement of the hairy epidermis resemble those features as described in C. Arfakiensis, but the shells now dealt with have only 9 as against 11 whorls, and the general form, as will be seen from the accompanying figures, is quite different. This and the preceding species were received by Mr. Bednall of Adelaide from German New Guinea, and were kindly forwarded by him to the writer for description. 226 DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA FROM THE CONGO FREE STATE. By 8. I. Da Costa. Read 11th January, 1907. PLATE XX. Tue writer is indebted to Mr. George Grey for his kindness in sending him several interesting shells from the southern part of the Congo State, about 10° 30’ S. lat., between the watershed of the Lualaba and Lufira rivers. Among them are the following seven species of Achatina. Although they differ materially in form and texture from one another, their general characteristics are somewhat similar, the writer therefore refrains from making comparisons between them and the species of other authors. His most cordial thanks are due to Mr. E. A. Smith for the valuable assistance afforded him in the investigations rendered necessary before undertaking the descriptions of these new species. AcwatTina Greyl, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 1. Testa fusiformi-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea, strigis fulguratis latis fuscis, in anfractu ultimo ad basim productis ornata; anfractus 74, parum convexi, longitudinaliter striati, priores minutissime granulati, ultimus fortiter reticulatus, % longitudinis equans ; sutura subcrenulato-marginata ; apex obtusus; columella leviter torta, oblique truncata; apertura ovalis, intus lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 58, diam. 32mm.; apertura 32mm. longa, 15 lata. ACHATINA ovaTa, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 2. Testa ovata, ventricosa, imperforata, tenuissima, fulva, strigis pallide brunneis fulguratis ornata ; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter rugoso-striati, priores minutissime granulati, ultimus * longitudinis equans, stris infra medium evanidis; apex obtusus; sutura subcrenulata; columella recta, alba, leviter torta, abrupte truncata; apertura oblongo-ovalis, intus ceruleo-lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 56, diam. 32 mm.; apertura 30 mm. longa, 16 lata. ACHATINA TRANSPARENS, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 3. Testa oblongo-ovata, imperforata, tenuissima, nitida, diaphana ; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter subplicato -striati, priores sub lente minutissime granulati, fuscescentes, strigis castaneo-brunneis undatim fulguratis picti; ultimus # longitudinis equans ; apex obtusus; sutura impressa ; columella recta, abrupte truncata; apertura parum obliqua, semiovalis, intus margaritacea, peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 41, diam. 23 mm.; apertura 26 mm. longa, 12 lata. Ver. Vi Pu kk. Proc. Mauac. Sac. NEW SPECIES OF AGCHATINA, DA COSTA: ON NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA. pa ACHATINA suBovaTA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 4. Testa oblongo-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, crassiuscula, stra- minea, strigis latis castaneis ornata; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter subtiliter striati, undique granoso-decussati; ultimus ? longitudinis equans; spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura subcrenulata ; columella recta, leviter torta, oblique truncata, cxrulea; apertura oblongo-ovalis, intus lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 56, diam. 20 mm.; apertura 28 mm. longa, 14 lata. ACHATINA ZEBRINA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 5. Testa ovato-fusiformis, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea, strigis latis fuscis ornata; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter striati, undique granoso-decussati ; ultimus spiram paulo superans; apex obtusatus ; sutura subcrenulata; columella alba, subcontorta, abrupte truncata ; apertura ovalis, intus ceruleo-lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 70, diam. 388mm.; apertura 38 mm. longa, 18 lata. AcHATINA ViRGULATA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 6. Testa fusiformi-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea, strigis latis fulminatis nigricante-castaneis ornata; anfractus 7, longi- tudinaliter rugoso-striati, priores sub lente minutissime granulati ; ultimus $ longitudinis equans, infra medium obsolete decussatulus ; spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura impressa; columella recta, leviter torta, oblique truncata, cerulea; apertura angulato-ovalis, intus albida, strigis translucentibus ; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 50, diam. 27mm. ; apertura 25 mm. longa, 13 lata. ACHATINA oBscuRA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 7. Testa ovato-conica, tenuiuscula; imperforata, castanea, strigis fulmi- natis saturate fulvis et nigris variegata; anfractus 7, convexiusculi, longitudinaliter striati, priores sub lente minutissime granulati ; ultimus £ longitudinis «quans, infra medium obsolete decussatulus ; spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura marginata; columella ceruleo-alba, subcontorta, oblique truncata; apertura oblongo-ovalis, intus ceruleo-alba; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 44, diam. 23mm.; apertura 23 mm. longa, 12 lata. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. Fic. 1. Achatina Greyi, n.sp. Cee 5) ovata, N.sp. an tg a transparens, N.Sp. » 4 ms subovata, 0.sp. 59 LOS a5 zebrina, D.sp. sae Os we virgulata, D.sp. le aA obscura, .sp. 99 228 A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS CHLORITIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES. By G. K. Gupz, F.Z.8. Read 11th January, 1907. PLATE XXI. Aw interesting collection of shells from Australia and the Solomon Islands, sent over by Dr. J. C. Cox, was received by Mr. J. H. Ponsonby on the eve of his departure for an extended tour to the Far East, and has been placed in my hands for examination. This collection contains, besides a number of interesting specimens of known forms, no less than eight new species of Chloritis. A new species of this genus from New Guinea has also been submitted to me for description by Mr. Ponsonby. Moreover, my own collection has contributed two others, both received from the collection of the late Mr. C. E. Beddome; these were accompanied by labels bearing Mr. Brazier’s manuscript names and marked ‘ex auct.” I have adopted these names, as no doubt the shells, so labelled, exist in other collections. At the same time, however, I enter a protest against the bestowal of manuscript names, which gives rise to confusion and is an ill service to science. I take this opportunity of referring to the opinion expressed by the late Mr. Ancey! that Chloritis Malangensis, Bullen, described as from Java,’ is probably identical with Moellendorffia eucharistus, Pilsbry, from Loo Choo. Mr. Bullen has obligingly allowed me to inspect his types of C. Malangensis, and on comparing them with Pilsbry’s species I find that they are certainly identical. C. Malangensis must therefore be reduced to a synonym of Ifoellendorffia eucharistus, and, as the locality Java is almost certainly erroneous, this habitat must be deleted. The mistake arose most probably, as already suggested by Mr. Ancey, through Mr. Rouyer, from whom Mr. Bullen’s , shells were received. Among the shells sent over by Dr. Cox the following call for remark :— 1. A sinistral specimen of C. ewstoma from the Solomon Islands. 2. A dead and worn specimen of the very rare C. Beatricis, from British New Guinea. I have seen only one other, which is in the collection of Colonel Beddome. 3. A large elevated form of C. quercina, measuring: diam. maj. 37, min. 31mm.; alt. 33 mm. Hab.—Shortland Island, Solomon Islands. 1 Journ. de Conchyl., vol. liv (1906), p. 128. 2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1905), p. 192, pl. xi, fig. 2. GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CHLORITIS. 229 4. C. quercina, var. Hombroni, from Florida Island. An extra- ordinary pyramidal form, the last three whorls planate above, flattened below, obtusely keeled, the keel exserted in all but the last } whorl. Suture superficial. Diam. maj. 37°5, min. 832mm.; alt. 24mm. Both the type and the variety are represented by bipartite specimens, with the upper side ochreous-brown, the lower straw-yellow. 5. C. Challengeri, Byron Bay, New South Wales. A new habitat. One other specimen is labelled Clarence and Richmond Rivers. 6. OC. Novocambrica, an elevated form, labelled ‘‘Scrubs 8 miles from the North Pine River, Queensland.”” A new habitat, the type being described from New South Wales. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12°5mm.; alt. 11:5mm. A second specimen measures: diam. maj. 12, min. 10 mm.; alt. 8°5 mm. In my former paper, on p. 116, the references to C. Marimberti and C. Balansat, var. cincta, have by a printer’s error unfortunately been transposed in the footnotes Nos. 2 and 3. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. CHLORITIS CoNoMPHALA, n.sp. Pl. X XI, Figs. 1, ad. Shell widely umbilicated, depressed globose, distinctly and regularly striated, pale ochreous, the last whorl pale fulvous, covered with sparse hair-scars arranged in quincunx. Spire low, subplanate, apex immersed, suture deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing regularly, the last somewhat suddenly, slowly descending and shortly deflexed in front, a little dilated at the mouth, obtusely angulated round the funnel-shaped umbilicus, which shows the entire penultimate whorl within. Aperture subcircular, little oblique, the margins convergent, united by a thin callus, peristome rosy-fulvous, thickened, shortly expanded and reflexed; upper margin arcuate, outer and basal rounded, columellar slightly dilated above, impinging upon the umbilicus. Major diam. 21:5, min. 17°5 mm.; alt. 14mm. Hab.—Rubiana, Solomon Islands. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. Allied to C. discordialis, but smaller and with the hair-scars much more sparsely placed; the peristome is less expanded, the last whorl less dilated, and the aperture consequently smaller; the last whorl also descends less, and the umbilicus is not so widely excavated. A second specimen measures: major diam. 20, min. 16°5mm.; alt. 12°5 mm. Cutoritis MuNnDA, usp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 2, a-d. Shell moderately umbilicated, discoid, dull, dark cinnamon brown, finely irregularly striated, the nepionic 14 whorls minutely granulated; covered with distant small warty tubercles (probably bearing hairs when fresh) arranged in quincunx. Spire planate, apex almost immersed, suture deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, a little dilated towards the mouth, very slightly descending in front, slightly compressed below, and obtusely angulated round the slightly excavated umbilicus. Aperture ovate -lunate, oblique, margins convergent; peristome thin, fulvous, upper and outer 230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. margins almost straight, the basal slightly reflexed, columellar tri- angularly dilated above and slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 12°5, min. 11:25 mm. ; alt. 7°75 mm. Hab.—Moon Creek, Burnett River watershed, Queensland. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. At first I considered this to be C. spinet, but that species appears to have a wider umbilicus and more tumid whorls. A second specimen is immature, having only three whorls completed. The warty tubercles probably bear hairs or bristles when the shell is in fresh condition. CHLoRITIS LANUGINOSA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 3, ad. Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed turbinate, dull corneous, finely striated, with microscopic spirals under a densely, shortly pilose cuticle, giving the shell a velvety appearance. Spire conoid, apex prominent, suture rather deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing regularly, the last a little widened and but slightly constricted behind the peristome, shortly deflexed in front, obscurely angulated round the narrow umbilicus. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins convergent, united by a thin callus; peristome thin, slightly expanded, not reflexed; margins evenly rounded, columellar triangularly dilated above and reflexed over the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9°5 mm. ; alt. 7°5 mm. Hab.—Kidsvold, Queensland. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. This new species can only be compared to C. brevipila, but the whorls are less globose than in that species, the spire is more elevated, the last whorl descends less in front, and the conspicuous bristles of C. drevipila are here absent; the margins of the peristome are also more distant. Under a very strong lens the quincuncial arrangement of the pili can with difficulty be detected on the earlier whorls, but on the last it is imperceptible. CHLORITIS EXILIS, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 4, a-d. Shell umbilicate, turbinate, very finely and regularly striated, dull, pale corneous, densely covered with minute soft, short, pale bristles arranged in quincunx. Spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture rather deep. Whorls 5, convex, increasing rapidly, last dilated towards the mouth, slightly descending in front, obtusely angulated round the narrow umbilicus. Aperture suboval, oblique, margins convergent; peristome white, scarcely thickened and narrowly reflexed, margins evenly rounded, columellar triangularly dilated and less than half covering the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 18, min. 15 mm.; alt. 13°5 mm. Hab.—Mount Dryander, Port Denison, Queensland. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. From C. Coxeni, its nearest ally, this new species is distinguished by its smaller size, the less covered umbilicus, and the densely crowded, finer, shorter, and paler bristles. From C. Bennetti, another ally, it differs in the narrower umbilicus, and, although larger, in having one whorl less. A second specimen of this new species is paler, and possesses half a whorl less than the type. A third from Warroo, Port Curtis, is a little more elevated in the spire, measuring alt. 15 mm. GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CAHLORITIS. 231 Cutoritis cognata, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 5, a—d. Shell moderately umbilicate, globose turbinate, finely regularly striated, whitish corneous, covered with crowded hair-scars arranged in quincunx. Spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture deep, almost channelled. Whorls nearly 5, convex, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, shortly deflexed in front, widening towards the mouth and slightly constricted behind the peristome, subangulated round the slightly excavated umbilicus. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins approaching ; peristome white, a little thickened, and reflexed ; upper margin arcuate, outer and basal rounded, columellar triangularly dilated above and a little overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 14°5, min. 12mm.; alt. 10mm. Hab.—Olsen’s Caves, Rockhampton, Queensland. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. Somewhat similar in shape to C. exilis, but more depressed and with the hair-scars less crowded ; the margins of the peristome are more approaching, and the umbilicus is a little wider and more excavated. CHLORITIS MICROMPHALA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 6, a—d. Shell narrowly umbilicate, globosely turbinate, finely irregularly striated and decussated with wavy incised spirals, dark corneous above, paler beneath. Spire conical, apex obtuse, suture deep. Whorls 4, globose, increasing rapidly, the last dilated towards the mouth, descending suddenly and deeply in front, obscurely angulated round the narrow deep umbilicus. Aperture suboval, oblique, margins approaching, united by a thin callus; peristome white, a little thickened and reflexed, margins evenly rounded, columellar margin broadly triangularly dilated, more than half covering the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 21°5, min. 18 mm.; alt. 17 mm. Hab.—Barrier Range, North-West Australia. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. The only species to be compared with C. micromphala is C. Blackmani, but the globose whorls, the broader base, the more dilated last whorl, the more approximate margins of the peristome, and the absence of hair-scars at once separate the new species from its ally; the more broadly dilated columellar margin of the peristome and the more covered umbilicus are also differentiating characters. Cuuoritis Poortt, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 7, ad. Shell moderately umbilicate, globose, thin, pale ochreous, a little shining, irregularly striated, very densely covered with minute hair- scars arranged in quincunx. Spire conical, apex obtuse, suture channelled. Whorls 43, increasing regularly, tumid, shouldered near the suture, somewhat compressed at the periphery, obtusely angulated round the deep umbilicus, which is slightly excavated; last whorl slightly dilated towards the mouth, scarcely descending in front. Aperture subcircular, oblique, margins convergent; peristome pale fulvous, thin, a little expanded; margins evenly rounded, columellar triangularly dilated and reflexed, covering half the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 12°5, min. 10°5 mm. ; alt. 9°5 mm. 232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland. Type in my collection. This species and the next two, together with C. Blackmani, are closely associated on account of the excessively crowded and minute hair-scars, this character varying in an inverse ratio to the size of the shell. C. Pooret is distinguished from C. Blackmani and C. Thales by the narrower umbilicus and the deeper suture. Cutoritis THates, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 8, a-d. Shell narrowly umbilicate, globose, thin, translucent, corneous, a little shining, irregularly striated, very densely covered with excessively minute hair-points arranged in quincunx. Spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture deep. Whorls 5, convex, obtusely angulated near the suture and round the narrow umbilicus, rounded at the periphery and below, increasing regularly, the last rapidly, slightly dilated towards the mouth, and a little descending in front. Aperture sub- circular, oblique, margins convergent; peristome thin, corneous, slightly expanded; margins evenly rounded, columellar margin triangularly dilated and reflexed, more than half covering the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 14°5, min. 12°56 mm.; alt. 12mm. Hab.—Rockingham Bay, Queensland. Somewhat like a small C. Blackman, but with narrower umbilicus; the whorls are more tumid, flattened near the suture; the hair-scars in C. Blackmani are still more crowded than in the present species CHLoRITIS MISELLA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 9, ad. Shell moderately umbilicate, depressed conoid, thin, pale corneous, finely plicate-striate, densely covered with rather large hair-scars arranged in quincunx. Spire low conical, apex obtuse, suture channelled. Whorls 4, convex, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, widened towards the mouth and constricted behind the peristome, slightly compressed below and subangulated round the excavated umbilicus, shortly deflexed in front. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins approaching; peristome thin, scarcely reflexed, margins evenly rounded, columellar slightly dilated and impinging upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 8°5, min. 7 mm.; alt. 5-5 mm. Hab.—Queensland. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. The smallest member of the group, and allied to C. Poore?, but much smaller and much more depressed ; it somewhat resembles C. Buxtoni in shape. CHLORITIS OBNUBILA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 10, ad. Shell narrowly umbilicate, turbinately depressed, dull ochreous- corneous, finely plicate-striate, with microscopical wrinkled spirals under a deciduous velvety cuticle. Spire conoid, apex granulate obtuse, suture rather shallow. Whorls 5, convex, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, obscurely angulated above the periphery, a little widened towards the mouth, scarcely constricted behind the peristome, very shortly deflexed in front, slightly compressed below, and obscurely angulated round the narrow GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CALORITIS. 233 umbilicus. Aperture ovate-lunate, oblique, margins convergent ; peristome thin, whitish, slightly reflexed, margins evenly rounded, columellar triangularly dilated and slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 18, min. 15°5 mm. ; alt. 12 mm. Hab.—Australia. Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. In shape it resembles C. mucida, but it is smaller and has a slightly narrower umbilicus, while the aperture is less dilated transversely. No trace of hair-scars can be detected, although the periostracum is quite fresh. Cuoritis Airnarnsis, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 11, a-d. Shell imperforate, depressed conoid, dull, dark corneous, very finely and regularly striated, covered with very minute and crowded short bristles. Spire much depressed, apex low, suture rather shallow. Whorls 4, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, the earlier ones a little convex, the last compressed above, obtusely angulated above the periphery, compressed below, becoming inflated towards the mouth and slightly constricted behind the peristome, obtusely angulated round the very small umbilical depression. Aperture subelliptic, little oblique, margins approaching, united by a thin callus; peristome whitish, becoming fulvous at the edge, a little thickened, expanded and reflexed; upper margin ascending at first, then slightly curved, outer rounded, basal nearly straight, columellar obliquely ascending, triangularly dilated and reflexed, entirely covering the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 13, min.11mm.; alt. 8 mm. Hab.—Etna Bay, Dutch New Guinea. Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. C. tnaensis differs from C. telitecta in the completely covered umbilicus, the more depressed spire, and in having the aperture more contracted laterally. From C. eurychasma it may be distinguished by its smaller size, the com pressed whorls, the supra-peripheral angulation, the less oblique and more contracted aperture; the last whorl is also more dilated and constricted, and descends less in front; the columellar margin is less dilated, and the bristles are finer and more crowded. VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 16 234 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPUINA, AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME HITHERTO UNFIGURED SHELLS. By G.. K.Gupn, F.2:8, Read 11th January, 1907. PLATE XXI. Tue shells forming the subject of the present article were for the most part received from Dr. Cox, together with the specimens of Chloritis treated of in the previous paper. Papuina compianaTa, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Fig. 12. Shell imperforate, trochoidal, the earlier whorls bluish white, the penultimate becoming yellowish brown, the last dark brown above, yellowish brown below, finely distinctly striated and with excessively fine and close spirals above, and distant shallow spiral furrows below. Spire conical, apex exserted, suture shallow, margined. Whorls 6, convex, increasing regularly, the last dilated towards the mouth, convex above, slightly flattened at the suture, bluntly keeled at the periphery, slightly compressed below and excavated at the umbilical region, very shortly descending below the periphery in front. Aperture subelliptical, very oblique, margins convergent; peristome white, thickened, expanded, and reflexed; upper margin slightly curved, outer rounded, columellar flattened, adnate to the parietal wall. Diam. maj. 26°5, min. 20°5 mm.; alt. 18 mm. Hab.—Probably New Ireland (Mus. Cuming). ‘ype in the British Museum. A single specimen from New Ireland sent by Dr. Cox was found to have its counterpart in the Cuming Collection in the British Museum without habitat. The new species is allied to P. vexillaris, but is readily distinguished by its broader and more flattened base, the more pronounced peripheral keel, the more expanded peristome and dilated aperture, and by the absence of the obliquely descending wrinkles above the periphery. Papurva Frineinia, Pfr. A curious abnormal specimen from New Georgia, received from Dr. Cox, exhibits a tendency to become scalariform, and on close examination it appears to have sustained an injury to that part of the mantle which forms the peripheral portion of the shell. The first two whorls are normal, but thence onwards the periphery becomes exserted and flattened, in parts with a shallow groove; near the end of the penultimate whorl the periphery becomes again keeled, but a well- defined zone about 2mm. wide above and below the keel bulges out slightly, is denuded of cuticle, and has the surface rough and irregularly striated. At the aperture a short sinus occurs, with the peristome thin and imperfect. The inside of the shell appears normal. CrysTaLLopsis TRIcoLoR, Pfr. Pl. XXI, Fig. 13. The species was described as translucent whitish with spiral lines of opaque white, but this description must have been based on a decorticated shell, for a specimenin my collection has a pale yellowish Proc. Matac. Soc. Vou.VI, Pr. XXI. AF. Searle, del.et lth. NEW SPECIES ©OF CHE @ Rit S© eae: GUDE: ON PAPUINA COMPLANATA, ETC. 235 cuticle. Another specimen, however, is an albino. In some shells the whorls are more globose and the peripheral keel is less pronounced than in others, while in some the last whorl is strongly gibbous behind the aperture. One specimen in my collection has the last whorl with two narrow brown bands, one above and one below the peripheral keel, but is without the brown articulations usually found between those two bands. Dr. Cox contributes a shell with an elevated spire, measuring major diam. 34, min. 28mm., alt. 25 mm., which may be designated as var. conica. It is unicolorous, opaque white with brown peristome, strongly gibbous at the periphery behind the peristome, and with the keel obtuse. A specimen in my collection is similar, but measures alt. 24mm., while in another the last whorl is strongly deflexed in front, descending below the keel; the upper and basal margins of the peristome are white, edged with pale brown. TrocHoMoRPHA cRUsTULUM, Cox. Pl. XXI, Figs. 14, a-e. Helix crustulum, Cox: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 150. Hab.—Solomon Islands. This species has hitherto remained unfigured, and I am pleased to be able to give illustrations from a specimen sent by Dr. Cox. Ruytipa VILLANDREI, Gassies. A sinistral specimen, dark brown, mottled with yellow, was received from Dr. Cox. Iam not aware that the reversed form of this species has been recorded, Hab.—San Christoval, Solomon Islands. ?Xzusra Waneanensis, Cox. Pl. XXI, Figs. 15, a-c. Helix Wanganensis, Cox: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 82. Hab.—Solomon Islands. Another unfigured species a specimen of which has been contributed by Dr. Cox. In the original diagnosis the suture is rather vaguely described ‘strongly marked.” I find it to be very deep and channelled, while the last whorl is shouldered near the suture. Diam. maj. 13, min. 12mm.; alt. 8 mm. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXI. Fics. 1, a-d. Chloritis conomphala, n.sp. » 2, 4d. a mundi, N.Sp. » 9, ad. 3 lanugiiosa, 0.Sp. » 4, a-d. PE exilis, D.Sp. », 05 aa. a cognata, D.Ssp. 3 0 a-d. s micromphala, U.sp. > «601, aa. $5 Poorei, n.sp. », 8, ad. 53 Thales, n.sp. Ten Oo ae a ae misella, N.sp. », 10, a-d. 35 obnubila, n.sp. », Ll, ad. AS Abinaensis, .sp. Fig. 12. Papuina complanata, u.sp. as 13. Crystallopsis tricolor, vax. conica. Fias. 14, a-c. Trochomorpha crustulum, Cox. ’ 15, a-c. ? Xesta Wanganensis, Cox. be) i ? 236 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. By Henry Suter. Read 11th January, 1907. PLATE XXII. 1. Laoma (s.s.) pacrnosticta (Pfr.), n.subsp. CONICULA. Pl. XXII, Figs. 1, 2. Shell small, dome-shaped, imperforate, radially finely costate, suture margined, last whorl keeled, with a columellar plait. Sculpture consists of close, rounded, flexuous, radiate plications, extending over the base; the latter is microscopically closely and finely spirally striate. Colour fulvous, with rather faint longitudinal ziczac bands of rufous ; margins of suture and keel on the last whorl with whitish dots. Epidermis thin, shining. Spire dome-shaped, with a blunt rounded apex. Protoconch formed by 134 smooth, flatly convex whorls ; a magnifying power of 100 diam. reveals faint spiral striation. Whorls 6, slowly increasing, flatly convex, as is also the base. Suture impressed, margined above on the last four whorls with a distinct thread. Aperture a little oblique, angularly lunate, breadth about twice the height. Peristome simple, straight, outer lip but little convex, forming a distinct angle with the slightly rounded basal lip. Columella callous, oblique, with a not much pronounced plait. Umbilical region showing but a faint impression, no perforation whatever, not even in young examples. Alt. 3:2, diam. 3mm. Hab.—One specimen, the type, I received some years back from Mr. Strickland, who collected shells in this colony for some time, and who found it near Kaihu, Hokianga. I also found specimens in the bush near Waiwera. This subspecies is distinguished from ZL. pecilosticta, of which for comparison the outlines are figured (Fig. 2), by the dome-like spire, the absence of an umbilicus, and the presence of very distinct spiral striation upon the base. Young specimens of ZL. peeilosticta are distinctly umbilicated, but adult specimens have the perforation mostly more or less sealed up; spiral striation on the base is faintly visible only under a very strong lens. Type in my collection. 2. Laoma (Purixenatavs) Fittcosra, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 3. Shell minute, turbinate, imperforate, fulvous with fuscous radial streaks and distant riblets. Sculpture consists of very fine and oblique flexuous cost, about 8 to 10 per millim.; they are sharp, thin, mem- branous, white, and extending over the base to the umbilical region ; SUTER: ON NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. oat the interstices with numerous microscopic incremental strie; base microscopically distantly spirally lirate. Colour fulvous, radially ornamented with ziczac bands of rufous at about the same distance apart as the mblets. Epidermis thin, not shining. Spire convexly conoidal, with a blunt and rounded apex. Protoconch formed by 14 smooth flat whorls, which are microscopically finely spirally striate. Whorls 43, slowly and regularly increasing, flatly convex, the last distinctly angled at the periphery, base rounded, umbilical region shghtly impressed. Suture not deep. Aperture somewhat oblique, lunar; columella but little callous and extended over the umbilical region. Peristome sharp, straight. Alt. 1:25, diam. 1:75 mm. Hab.—A few specimens were found by my son Alfred in a swampy kahikatea bush near Wairangi, Waikato. The nearest allies to this species seem to be Z. Francesct and elaiodes, Webster, though decidedly very distinct from it. JL. filicosta is a lovely little shell and well characterized. Type in my collection. 3. FruamMuLina (PHENACOHELIX) LEPTALEA, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 4. Shell small, subglobular, fragile, translucent, umbilicated, closely costate. Sculpture formed by radial riblets, about 6 per millim. straight above, slightly sinuate on the periphery and extending to the umbilicus; the coste are thread-like, sharp, the interstices with numerous fine growth-lines which are decussated by equally fine and close spiral lines. Colour light fulvous, with light ziczac markings of brown. Epidermis very thin, not shining. Spire broadly conoidal, with obtuse apex. Protoconch consisting of 14 smooth, convex whorls, microscopically finely and densely spirally striate. Whorls 43, convex, regularly increasing, the last indistinctly shouldered, and with the periphery slightly flattened ; base rounded. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture vertical, lunate; peristome sharp and straight. Outer lip convex, basal lip somewhat flattened ; columella subvertical, concave, a little callous and partly spread out over the umbilicus, which is moderate, deep, diameter ‘7 millim. Alt. 3°7mm.; diam. maj. 4°5, min. 4mm. Hab.—The type was collected by Mr. Strickland at Kaihu, Hokianga. Waitakerei Range and Waiwera (H. S8.). This species is closely related to F. Ponsonbyz, Suter, but is smaller, much more globose and fragile, the colour-markings are generally of a different pattern, the riblets more distant, and the umbilicus a little narrower. Type in my collection. 4. Frammountna (Atctopiscus) Cooprrt, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Figs. 5-7, Shell small, orbicular, costate, imperforate, and with broad ziczac streaks. Sculpture consists of close radial and sharp cost, very little sinuous, 6 to 7 per millim., interstices with very fine incremental lines which are crossed by indistinct fine microscopical spiral striz. Colour fulvous with broad and distinct chestnut brown radiate streaks on the upper part of the whorls, forming anastomosing ziczac lines on the periphery and base. Epidermis thin, not shining. Spire low, broadly 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. convex. Protoconch of 1} smooth convex whorls, microscopically very indistinctly spirally lirate. Whorls 4}, regularly increasing, convex, periphery sharply rounded, base flatly convex. Suture very distinct and well impressed. Aperture oblique, lunate; peristome sharp and straight; columella oblique, a little concave, with a feeble callus. Umbilical region not much impressed. Alt. 4mm.; diam. maj. 7, min. 6°2 mm. Hab.—Poor Knights Islands (Mr. C. Cooper). This species stands nearest to 7. dimorpha, Pfr., but is distinguished from it by its much smaller size and the closer riblets. It gives me much pleasure to unite the name of my friend Mr. Chas. Cooper, of Auckland, with the species. Type in my collection. 5. Frammurina (ALLopIscus) THOLOIDESs, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 8. Shell small, depressed turbinate, imperforate, costate, with brown ziczac bands. Sculpture consists of sharp, almost straight, and sub- equidistant radial riblets, 8 to 10 per millim., extending over the base, interstices with very fine growth-lines; no spiral sculpture. Colour fulvous with light-brown ziczac bands. | Epidermis thin, not shining. Spire broadly dome-like, low. Protoconch of 1} smooth and convex whorls. Whorls 5, slowly and regularly increasing, convex, but slightly flattened above; base convex. Suture well impressed. Aperture a little oblique, lunar; peristome thin and _ straight ; columella short, concave, slightly callous, and deflexed over the umbilical region, which is but little immersed. A thin callus on the body-whorl unites the distant margins. Alt. 3°2mm.; diam. maj. 4°5, min. 3°8 mm. Huab.—Cape Te Reinga (Mr. C. Cooper). I have also a specimen from Whangaroa. The globular form and the distant, almost straight riblets distinguish this species from the allied /. Zullia, Gray, L. venulata, Ptr., and £. rustica, Suter. Type in my collection. 6. Lacocuitus Curtront, Suter, n.subsp. sEPLTENTRIONALIS. Plex ig 0. Distinguished from the species by the following characters :—It is considerably larger, the spiral striation is quite distinct, especially upon the base, and the umbilicus is a little larger and open, not covered over by the reflection of the inner lip. Alt. 4, diam. 3 mm. A specimen from Cape Camel is 4 by 2°8 mm. Hab.—Cowes Bay, Waiheke Island; type (H.8.). Cape Camel, west of North Cape (Mr. C. Cooper). The specimens from Cape Camel are slightly more slender and the umbilical tract is angled in some examples. ‘l'ype in my collection. 7. Lacocuitus Bicarinatus, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig..10. Shell small, turbinate, umbilicate, base bicarinate. Sculpture consists of fine subequidistant and blunt incremental axial striae; two SUTER: ON NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. 239 caring on the base, the upper one arising from the junction of the outer lip with the whorl and terminating a little below the middle of the outer lip; the lower rib departs from the middle of the body- whorl between the margins of the mouth, and ends at the distal side of the basal lip; no microscopic spiral striation is present. Colour fulvous to brown. Epidermis thin, slightly shining; there may be axial membranous plaits, but in the only specimen before me they have evidently been lost. Spire conical, of the same height as the aperture ; apex obtuse. Protoconch consisting of one whorl, which is globular and smooth. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture circular, peristome slightly reflexed and callous, but sharp ; notch at the suture very indistinct; columella concave, partly concealing the umbilicus, which is deep and of about °5 millim. diameter; the umbilical tract immersed and margined by the lower carina. Operculum thin, cireular, multispiral, with membranous outer and central processes. Alt. 5, diam. +°5 mm. Hab.— Kamo, near Whangarei (Mr. C. Cooper). This is a very well characterized species, easily separated from all our other species of the genus, Type in my collection. 8. Dirropon Menztssi, Gray, n.subsp. acuta. Pl. XXII, Figs. 11, 12. Distinguished from the species by the very distinctly rostrate posterior end, the nearly total absence of radial sculpture, and by being more compressed. Only young shells show traces of radially arranged nodules near the beaks. The basal margin is generally more straight than in typical D. Menziest. The beaks are much corroded in all the specimens I have. ‘he shell is rather thin, yellowish-brown, with strong concentric sculpture, approaching D. rugata, Hutton. The interior is nacreous olive, the hinge not different from that of the species. Alt. 40, long. 70, diam. 16 mm. Hab.—ULake Omapere, between Bay of Islands and Hokianga. The shells were collected by Miss Willis, of Ohaeawai, and kindly given to me by Archdeacon P. Walsh, of Waimate. To both of them my best thanks are due. The outline of this subspecies is very nearly that of D. depauperata, Hutton, but the hinge is very different ; it also has almost exactly the outline of Anodonta complanata, Ziegler, of Europe. Type in my collection. Appendix. Mr. Charles Cooper, of Auckland, submitted to my examination the land and fresh-water shells collected during a trip round the North Cape in the Government steamer ‘‘ Hinemoa” in 1905, and the following table gives the geographical distribution of the various species obtained. Localities: 1, Little Barrier Island; 2, Poor Knights Islands; 3, Whangaroa Harbour; 4, Tom Bowlines Bay, east of North Cape; 5, Cape Camel, west of North Cape; 6, Te Reinga; 7, Kamo. 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Lagochilus pallidus, Hutton RA Chiltoni, Suter, subsp. septentrionalis, Suter - bicarinatus, Suter as a sp. near torguillus, Suter Realia turriculata, Pfeiffer a carinella, oie sia : Potamopyrgus corolla, Gld., subsp. Salleana, Fischer Rhytida Greenwoodi, Gray sist ane : Dunnie, Gray duplicata, Suter Delos Jeffreysiana, Pfeiffer Flammulina Zelandie, Gray Pr Cooper, Suter a tholoides, Suter a Kivi, Gray i Celinde, Gray 4 decidua, Pfeiffer ‘i tamora, Hutton - Ponsonby?, Suter Ns Ide, Gray Chiron, Gray Laoma leimonias, Gray’. seiadium, Pfeiffer Ariel, Hutton Phrynia, Hutton allochroida, Suter, subsp. luteumbilicata, Suter ve Meellendor fii, Suter . Ene ies woe Beall oe Endodonta varicosa, Pfeiffer... wb a, oe Jee dllleoslee 5 lider ae As Coma, Gray ... Sa - buccinella, Reeve 93 corniculum, Reeve ... a caput - -spinule, Reeve Athoracophorus sp., var. of bitentaculata, Q. &G. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. | Fie. 1 Laoma pecilosticta, Pir., subsp. conicula, Suter. 3°2 by 3mm. ss Oe A ,, for comparison. he De ni filicosta, Suter. 1°25 by 1-75 mm. 5 4 Flammulina leptalea, Suter. 3°7 by 45mm. Fics. 5-7. 5 Cooperi, Suter. 4 by 7 mm. Fic. 8. A tholoides, Suter. 3°2 by 4:5 mm. 5 9. Lagochilus Chiltoni, Suter, subsp. septentrionalis, Suter. 4 by 3mm. amo: bicarinatus, Suter. 6 by 4:5 mm. Figs. 11, 12. Diplodon Menziesi, Gray, subsp. acuta, Suter. 70 by 40mm. Proc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VII, Pl. XXII. H. Suter del. NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND. 241 SOCIETY. MALACOLOGICAL THE PROCEEDINGS OF “LOGI ‘2816 Aupnune "sdOJIPNY } NOISAUd a H ‘ m ae Raa! Hw Seda GCUVMCGOOM AUNATH IOINSVOLT, ‘UOFT ‘AGNOSNOG "}{ NHOL "491100 9q 0} JUOTIIVIS DAOGB aq} puy oa pur ‘uopuoT jo Ajo100g [RoISopoov[VyY oY} JO LoIusvor], oY} Jo sjunosov oy} pourwmexo Avp sty} oAvy OAV es L G&G V9OlF eS = VON a 0¢o °° °* * * ¢ sqdreooy juemesty1eapy ** | Opec . ' suoryeaysn{[] roy suotyeuog ‘* 0 ¢ IT 0039 °/, 8% men ecor ai 0¢xF wo spuoprarq, “ Cae Cn Sa aa: * ssurpoo00rg ,, Jo oywg ‘ 0 F FO 9 oo ts © 2 9 Soe eomeagunT S OueulTaE Ge te ie ee eDULUPUMOOUU EG © weOmn Clef @ 0) re ce oceIsOr SAE jOL0Ogm a 0 Fg * saoqmoyy surpuodsar109 OUT Ol me te en Se TOTeOU Gyeudo Ue 9 IL1X ° ° ° Sdoquoyy AreuIpig ) wr ——— —odUvapr UT suorydraosqng jenuuy ‘ 0 OL ZG ~* S}UBpuez VY OF soryInyery 9 O18 0 & S&F ° * swmo0o0yy fo osn 9yy 107 0 912 °* sdoqmoyy surpuodsos10() —Ayoroog uvouury ‘ 9 FPL TF ° ° ° Saoqumopy Areutpaig ce ee tee oc elcO Tae lommeconia IwaIIe ut suotydiiosqng tenuuy “ |: (Me CR er 00, cab tod) no URe | Overc « Goa = £ 0 sal —— 0 L GB ° Sdoqmoep Surpuodsoa109 as ca ONE he y a 2 STOTILIYSN TT 9 8 OFF’ ° ¢ sdoqmoepT ArvuTpPAg B. C F 6LF ° ° VeRjsog puv sutyuUg —suondriosqng jenuuy 5 —,, ssurposoorg ,, Jo ys0g Aq |O1 GT 63 °° *° * °° * * teak 4sB] Woaz cOULTEG: Og, I oe a leeta "m9 D'S F "I(T fe = ‘9061 ‘UHANAOAC BIE CHANT YUVAHA HHL LOA AUALIGNAdTXA UNV ANOONI Bs ‘NOGNOT JO ALAINOOS TVOINOTOOVIVN 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING. Fripay, 8ta Fesroary, 1907. E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair. Miss L. Digby and Mr. H. B. Preston were appointed scrutineers. The following report was read :— ‘*Your Council, in presenting their fourteenth Annual Report, are able once again to record a year of satisfactory progress. During the past twelve months nine new members have been elected. On the other hand, the Society has lost by death a good friend in Mr. F. Justen, and two other members, C. F. Ancey and T. Leighton ; and is also the poorer by the retirement of three other members. The membership of the Society on December 31st, 1906, stood as follows :— Ordinary members’ 5..4) Pert ste eerily 82 Corresponding members nc oesse cases terse 82 Totaly yee 164 At the end of the year 1905 the total membership was 161, and of 1904, 162. The financial condition of the Society is quite satisfactory ; all the liabilities of the year have been discharged, and there is a balance in the banking account of £24 11s. 6d., while the sum of £50 still remains invested in Metropolitan 23 per cent. Stock. As usual, three parts of the ‘ Proceedings’ have been published since the last Annual Meeting. They consist of 200 pages, 17 plates (an unusually large number), and 44 text-figures, and form the first half of the seventh volume of the Society’s journal. Both the Society and malacologists generally are greatly indebted to the following gentlemen, who have either liberally contributed towards the cost of the illustrations or have furnished drawings for reproduction :—Colonel R. H. Beddome, W. T. SHednall, F. G. Bridgman, Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, R. H. Burne, 8S. I. Da Costa, Sir Charles Eliot, Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, G. K. Gude, J.C. Melvill, R. B. Newton, Professor H. A. Pilsbry, H. B. Preston, A. Reynell, G. B. Sowerby, E. R. Sykes, and B. B. Woodward. It is only through such generous help that the Society is enabled to issue such a fully illustrated publication. Further, the thanks of the Society are especially due to the Council of the Linnean Society, through whose kindness it has been permitted, as In previous years, to hold its meetings in Burlington House.” On the motion of Dr. Henry Woodward, seconded by Mr. A. Reynell, the above was adopted as the Annual Report of the Society. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 245 The following were elected as Officers and Council for the year 1907 : President.—B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. Vice- Presidents.—R. H. Burne, B.A.; Sir C. N. E. Eliot, K.C.M.G. ; W.G. Ridewood, D.Sc., F.L.S.; E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.L.S. Treasurer.—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S.,15, Chesham Place, London, S.W. Secretary.— Alexander Reynell, 152, Selhurst Road, South Norwood, London, 8.E. Editor.—K. A. Smith, 1.8.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, 8. W. Other Members of Council.—H. H. Bloomer; Rey. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., F.L.S.; G. C. Crick, F.G.S.; 8S. I. Da Costa ; R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S. ; Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S. On the motion of Mr. E. A. Smith, seconded by Mr. A. Reynell, a vote of thanks was accorded to the Retiring Officers and Members of Council, and to the Auditors and Scrutineers. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 8rH Frsruary, 1907. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., President, in the Chair. The President delivered an inaugural address, taking for his subject ‘‘ What evolutionary processes do the Mollusca show?” On the motion of Mr. E. R. Sykes, seconded by Dr. W. G. Ridewood, a vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Woodward for his very interesting address. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 8ra Marcu, 1907. B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., President, in the Chair. The following communications were read :— 1. ‘ Notes on the Post-Pliocene Mollusca of the Mylne Collection.”’ By A. S. Kennard, F.G.S., and B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. 2. ‘*Notes on some Holocene Shells from Ightham.” By A. S$. Kennard, F.G.S., and B. B. Woodward, F.L.S. 3. ‘Descriptions of four new species of J/elania from New Ireland and Kelantan.” By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. 4. ‘“‘On the Arms of the Belemnite.” By G. C. Crick, F.G.S. 5. ‘* Relics of Coloration in Fossil Shells.” By R. Bullen Newton, EG.S. The President exhibited some photographs of species of Pisidium, and, on behalf of Dr. R. F. Schartf, specimens of P. hibernicum. Mr. E. A. Smith, 1.8.0., exhibited some abnormal examples of ‘bones’ of Cuttlefishes. 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY. Mr. H. B. Preston exhibited the types of new species of Corbula and Bithinella from Port Canning. Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited shells of Cymbdulia stained with Bismarck brown to show the details of structure. Mr. A. Reynell exhibited a malformed specimen of Zima J/ata, Smith, dredged in the Bay of Biscay. ORDINARY MEETING. Fripay, 127TH Aprit, 1907. KE. A. Surry, I.8.0., in the Chair. E. R. Waite, F.L.S., and F. W. Reader were elected to membership of the Society. The following papers were read :— 1. ‘Notes on New Zealand Polyplacophora, with descriptions of five new species.” By H. Suter. 2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new Marine Mollusca from New Caledonia, etc.” By G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S. 3. ‘Descriptions of new species of Drymaus from Peru, Mexico, etc.” By 8S. I. Da Costa. 4. ‘Description of a new species of Vallonia from South India.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S. The following specimens were exhibited :— By Rey. R. Ashington Bullen: An example of Unio pictorum from a pond at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex; Zestacella haliotidea from a garden at Woking; also the following collected by Professor Boulger— Bulimulus eulmineus (D’Orb.), found in grass, near springs forming the water-supply of Santa Rosa, in the Titicaca basin (Province of Carabaza), Peru, in the Sierra region, at an altitude of about 13,300 feet ; Meoeyclotus Inca (D’Orb.), from the grassy plaza of the village of Ollachéa, Carabaza, at about 9,200 feet, but in the Montana (i.e. forest) region; -Ampullaria solida, v. d. Busch, in low ‘monte,’ on wet earth, a few feet above the right bank of the river Atahnalpa (Amazon basin), in the same province but in the Montana region, at about 2,200 feet. By A. S. Kennard: Helix nemoralis and H. Tonnensis from South Germany. By G. B. Sowerby: Cyprea arabica, var. atra, from New Caledonia ; a very large Cyprea tigris, 42 inches long and 9% in circumference ; an interesting variety of Conus eburneus, and specimens of a curious form of Amalthea or Capulus. By A. Reynell: Living young specimens of Thersites Evandaleana. By E. A. Smith: A remarkable abnormal specimen of Pterocera aurantia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 245 OBITUARY NOTICE. César Fitrx Ancrey was elected a Corresponding Member of the Society in 1902. He was born at Marseilles on the 15th of November, 1860, and was educated at the College of the Jésuites d’Avignon, where he took degrees in literature, science, and law. Natural history, however, had the greatest attraction for him, and at first he devoted himself to entomology, especially to the study of Coleoptera, and at one time was occupied in the superintendence of the famous collection of MM. Oberthiir of Rennes. However, he subsequently displayed a predilection for the study of conchology, which henceforth was maintained to the end of his life. He left France in 1887 to occupy an official position in Algeria, where step by step he rose to the rank of ‘administrateur titulaire.’ He stayed a long time at Kabylie, until he became the oldest official in that district. He possessed a great capacity for work, was an excellent linguist, and always exhibited a very pleasant and affable manner to friends and acquaintances. The great desire of his life was to have made a scientific journey to the Cape Verd Islands or to South America. However, this hope was never to be realized. He died from fever on October 10th of last year in his 46th year. M. Ancey’s conchological writings commenced with the year 1881, and continued almost without interruption until the year of his death. Altogether he published about 750 pages, distributed among some 121 different papers. His longest memoirs treated upon the fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, altogether occupying 135 pages. M. Ancey was a member of the ‘ Nouvelle école’ of French conchologists, and consequently many of his so-called species are merely regarded as slight varieties of long-established forms. An instance of this kind, familiar perhaps to some of the members of this Society, is worth recalling. In 1884 he wrote a paper entitled ‘‘ Mollusques inédits du systéme européen,’ in which he described two forms of Hyalinia and eighteen so-called new species of Helix. One of the latter, H. cantianiformis, was from Folkestone! I think that British conchologists will not admit the possibility of the existence in Kent of a ‘new species’ of Helix, even as far back as the year 1884. I may mention that no figures accompanied M. Ancey’s paper, and as far as I can ascertain most, if not all, of these eighteen forms are still known only by the author’s Latin diagnoses. It is to be greatly regretted that the writings of M. Ancey are so inadequately illustrated; in fact, altogether only five plates and forty-one text- figures accompany his 750 pages. His descriptions in themselves are, however, very good, and many of his ‘‘ Notes critiques” contain much useful information. M. Ancey contributed two papers to these ‘‘ Proceedings,” both treating upon the fauna of the Sandwich Islands, and doubtless had he lived others would have been offered for publication. Although we may disagree with M. Ancey in what constitutes a species, at the same time the utility and thoroughness of much of his work must be admitted. BARES: 246 INAUGURAL ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT, B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., F.G.S. Delivered 8th February, 1907. WHAT EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES DO THE MOLLUSCA SHOW? Lapies AND GENTLEMEN,— My first duty—and it is also a great pleasure—on succeeding to this presidential chair, is naturally to tender you my sincere thanks for the great honour you have thus conferred upon me in selecting me for the position. When I call to mind the noted naturalists, some, alas! no longer with us, who have in the past filled the office of president with such ability and distinction, I feel that, while it is not for me to dispute the wisdom of your choice, a long interval in merit separates him, who now has the honour to address you, from his presidential forbears. Nevertheless, let me assure you that so far as the endeavour to do one’s uttermost to advance the best interests of the Society is concerned, no breach of continuity shall be observable. As some earnest of this I trust you will accept the fact, that at rather short notice, the mission of addressing you at this Annual Meeting has been taken up by myself. In the natural course of events my predecessor should have given us his swan-song. Under these circumstances it seemed best to put before you the results of some recent cogitations on my part as to what evidences exist, if any, of progressive development in the Molluscan phylum. This naturally implies passing in review many well-known points and familar facts; but though the beads may be old and the string not altogether new, the rethreading may perhaps prove interesting, and possibly even suggestive, to the members of this Society. The extreme plasticity of the Mollusca naturally renders them both peculiarly susceptible and readily responsive to the operation of the two great factors that govern the lives of all animals, namely, the influence on them of their environment, and the necessity laid on one and all of procuring food. The Molluscan mode of life is, in fact, mainly governed by the combined action of these two controlling influences, and in turn becoming itself a potent factor, completes the cycle by reacting on the animal, which is thus impelled, so long as similar conditions hold, yet further along a given line of development. Owing, however, to the paucity of stable elements to be acted on, continuous progress in any direction has, despite the antiquity of the race, been slow indeed. The total lack of anything like internal framework has militated against any such wonderful progress as =" WOODWARD : INAUGURAL ADDRESS, 247 exhibited in the Vertebrate kingdom; the very plasticity of the Mollusca has thwarted progressive development, as we understand the phrase, and they readily retrograde or branch off into bye-paths. Hence the study of evolution in this group is an exceedingly complex one, offering, like a very tangled skein, so many clues to follow out that one is in doubt which thread to pursue first. On the present occasion it will suffice to take certain leading features and organs, to summarize what is known concerning them, and to endeavour to ascertain how far, if at all, any definite con- clusions can be based upon them. It may fairly be conceded that the tidal zone was in all probability the cradle of the race, and that thence the various members gradually betook themselves, mostly to deeper and deeper water on the one hand, but also, though perhaps more tentatively and gradually, to fluviatile and terrestrial conditions on the other. Now the first requirement of a soft-bodied animal, and especially of one considered by its fellows to be good eating, is protection. In early days, however, enemies were far fewer than now, and it was rather from the force of the elements that preservation was needed. This first requirement is supplied by the shell, and all three types, univalve, bivalve, and multivalve, make their appearance early in the history of the race. The last named, the Chitons, first occur in the Ordovician (Prisco- chiton). ‘They are, however, a conservative race, and have not materially changed their form since those far-off days. Still, taking the Amphineura as a whole, the class shows a desire to disburden itself of its coat-of-mail. Through the successive genera of one branch of the Polyplacophora (Acanthochites, Amicula, Cryptochiton, and Cryptoplax) the component plates become wider and wider apart, and the whole animal more vermiform, while in the worm-like Aplacophora the shell has disappeared, though numerous calcareous spicules remain scattered over the mantle. As regards the Gastropoda, when it is borne in mind that the embryonic shell is nautiloid and exogastric (and allowing for the gastropod peculiarity of spiral torsion, which is a deep-seated phenomenon, foreshadowed early in the cleavage of the egg-cell), the number and variety of forms assumed in the adult state is remarkable. Seeing that departures from this embryonic and therefore primitive type are pronounced, even in the earliest known gastropods, it is not possible to say how far environment or other forces may have played part in their development. Certain elongate forms like Zerebra would seem a positive disadvantage to the animal, and still more so to the Hermit-crab, who, with mistaken notions of levity, occupies an empty example. Nevertheless, certain broad characteristics are observable. Primarily among the inhabitants of a rough foreshore the massive strength of the shell is noticeable, the object being, of course, to withstand the battering action of the waves and hard substances like stones cast up by them. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. To this end the conical form of the tests of Patella and Fissurella is admirably adapted, hence the recurrence of this particular shape in widely different molluscs. Thus it reappears in the Capulide, a family dating back in time as far as do the Docoglossa, the Hipponycide ; Ancylus and Acrolocus, which in swift running waters are liable, only in a lesser degree, to the same troubles as the marine surf dwellers ; and more strikingly still in those pulmonates (Siphonaria and Gadinia) that have reverted to the marine surf as a habitat. The patelloid shape is also approximated in the fresh-water genus Septaria, in which the operculum, being no longer in use, is reduced in size and buried in the substance of the foot. While a parallel instance, in a widely different animal, dwelling under similar conditions, is afforded by the familiar Barnacle. The early spiral Rhipidoglossates seem mostly to have had stout shells ; certainly this is the case with the modern Neritide, Turbinide, Trochide, and their allies. Most of the members of these groups are furnished with thick opercula, which are not withdrawn far within the mouth of the shell. With the capacity on the part of the animal, however, for retreating further and further into the shell and so out of the more immediate reach of danger of violent injury, the operculum, always an incumbrance, tends to become less and less ponderous. Other inter-tidal forms belonging to families higher in the molluscan scale have also, under the necessity of facing similar conditions, developed strong shells: such are Lvttorina, Purpura, Nassa, and among tropical forms Pterocera, Turbinella, and Strombus. The last- named, indeed, is the most difficult of all shells to break, resisting even the lusty application of a geological hammer. When, however, the foreshore is quitted in favour of deeper water, where no surf ever breaks and where the sea-bottom is composed of soft sand, or silt, a ponderous shell ceases to be essential for protective purposes and becomes a positive disadvantage in locomotion. This drawback is further increased in the case of Gastropoda that are carnivorous, as the higher forms mostly are, for even the slow-moving bivalves on which they feed require greater activity to seek out and capture than a rooted plant. Hence the reduction in shell and operculum shown by the inhabitants of the laminarian as contrasted with those of the littoral zone. The process continuing as specialization proceeds, the shell ever tends to decrease in size till it remains solely as a protector for the more vital organs, as in the Tectibranchs, or disappears altogether, as in the rhipidoglossate Titiscania and the Nudibranchs. A similar reduction and disappearance take place among the pelagic forms. Light as Zanthina shells are, they are substantial compared to the glassy films carried by the Heteropoda and Pteropoda Thecosomata, while Phyllirhoé and the Pteropoda Gymnosomata have discarded all covering whatsoever. The fresh-water Gastropoda, save those few that inhabit turbulent waters, have, as might be expected, thin shells; but though Amphipeplea and Physa tend to overflow their shells, an absolutely shell-less fresh-water gastropod remains to be discovered. WOODWARD : INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 249 On land heavy shells are certainly at a discount, and though some such occur among the Auriculidee, in certain species of Strophocherlus, in Leucochroa (where it serves as a protection against excessive heat), and many of the Cyclophoride, still, viewed broadly, the tendency, as might be expected, is toa lightening and diminution of the shell to the point of disappearance, and this more especially in the carnivorous and semi-carnivorous forms. In fact, nearly all the families of land- snails culminate with highly specialized representatives, in which the shell is not only extremely dwarfed, as in many well-known instances, but is reduced to an internal vestigeal plate, as in Chlamydophorus (Testacellide), Zimax and allied genera (Limacide), Metostracon (Helicidee), Hyalimax (Succineidee ae and Athoracophorus, or to mere granules, as in Arion, while itis totally wanting in Trigonochlamys, Pseudomilax, Philomycus, Veronicella, and Oncidium. The Scaphopod shells do not assist in our present enquiry. The animals have not materially altered their habits, and the function of the shell is merely to protect the soft parts from the lateral pressure of the surrounding silt, and to that end the tubular form is most suited. The young shell in its very early stages is so deeply cleft as to be almost bivalve. Unfortun: itely some rec ent textbooks, professedly founding their information on the translation of Claus’ great work, have overlooked the ‘almost.’ In the course of growth the apical portion of the Scaphopod shell is absorbed in proportion as the aperture is added to, consequently the apical slits in all adult shells, and the perforations in Schizodentalium, owe their existence to absorption, and are not due, as in certain Gastropoda, to the inclusion of quondam marginal slits. Among the Pelecypoda the shore-frequenters of the older and, broadly speaking, less specialized types exhibit on the whole stouter and more convex shells than the later and more specialized ones. Especially stout are some that have, like Zridacna and Hippopus, to withstand the full beat of ocean waves; so, too, are those of the fossil reef-builders of the Rudistes group. The most primitive form, Nucula, that has come down to us from palozoic times is without siphons or byssus, but some species of its near ally, Arca, which boasts an equally long ancestry, have attained the faculty of mooring themselves by a byssus and so defying the waters. J/ytilus, which also comes of a family having a long pedigree, has not a particularly stout test capable of resisting heavy blows, but it meets the waves with its outwardly directed, sharp, wedge-shaped shell and cleaves them instead; while it does not settle, or perhaps, to speak more accurately, does not establish, itself in spots where it would be lable to damage from stones thrown up by the sea. Allusion may here be made to the great inequality of size the anterior and posterior portions of the body present in certain forms like Mytilus, and the disappearance pari passu of the anterior adductor muscle in proportion, as, by the increase of growth in the posterior 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. portion of the body, it is brought more and more into line with the hinge and posterior adductor muscle, and consequently ceases to be needful.' It is possible that in the case of Mytilus the predisposing cause may be due to the long-continued action of gravity operating on successive generations of suspended animals, aided perhaps by some other morphological influence. Whether a similar tendency to mono- myarianism observable in forms that, like Pecten, Ostrea, ete., rest on their sides, may be attributable to a like cause is not clear, but it is at least remarkable that so many of the Monomyaria should be forms that assume a position out of the normal vertical. Tridacna, so long a puzzle, and concerning which it was even held that the animal must have rotated in its shell, has been successfully shown by Mons. R. Anthony? to be simply a case of a monomyarian that has taken to live with its umbo downwards. All its anatomical features correspond closely in arrangement and position with those of Mytilus, only it occupies a relatively reverse position, and its huge plastic body tends by its own weight to spread out and consequently to form a shell that has its longer axis at right angles to that of the Mytilus shell. To return, however, to the pelecypod shell. Most of the bivalves, as a matter of fact, do not live in exposed positions, but burrow more or less deeply into soft sand or silt. Here those that do not penetrate to any depth below the surface, and do not live in deep water beyond the reach of ground swells, are liable to considerable pressure from the shifting of the loose material that surrounds them. Hence these generally have acquired stout, more or less globular, shells, as in Lsocardia, Cardium,* the Veneride, ete. The disadvantage of this form of shell, of course, is the amount of muscular power required to force a passage with it down into the sand. Campbelli (Filhol). Fic. 21 as im re teeth of radula, magnified. Figs. 22-23. 5» parviconoidea, Sut. Type. | »» 24-25. a oo ae teetu of radula, magnified. After Hutton. | », 26-29 .: * 5, V. nigrostella, Sut. », 380-31. 5, dedala, Sut. Type. Fic. a2 a », teeth of radula, magnified. After Hutton. $5 33. re 5, Subsp. swdtilis, Sut. Figs. 34-35. » scapha, Sut. Fic. 36. 5, stella (Less.). es 37. 55 », teeth of radula, magnified. Fias. 38-40. a3 5, subsp. corticata, Hutton. Fia. 41. 5 ms Pa teeth of radula, magnified. After Hutton. Vol. VII, Pl. XXVII. Proc. Malac. Soc. ra) oe H. Suter del. ACMAIDA OF NEW ZEALAND. 327 NUDIBRANCHS FROM NEW ZEALAND AND THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. By Sir C. N. E. Extor, K.C.M.G. Read 14th June, 1907. PLATE XXVIII. Tuese notes on New Zealand nudibranchs are based partly on material kindly sent to me by Mr. Henry Suter and Mr. Charles Cooper, and partly on P. Abraham’s type-specimens preserved in the British Museum and most courteously placed at my disposal by Mr. E. A. Smith. Abraham described very imperfectly a number of old specimens. In some cases they are so decayed and the descriptions so deficient in definitely formulated characters that his names can be set aside. In other cases such as Doris muscula, D. lanuginata, ete., the characters of the labelled specimens, if not those given in the descriptions, are sufficiently clear and the names must be respected. In the nudibranch fauna of both New Zealand and the Falkland Islands one is struck by the fact that similar or identical forms occur in the Pacific as well as in the Atlantic on both sides of the equator outside the tropics, although they are absent or scarce within the tropics. Thus Acanthodoris pilosa is recorded from the North Atlantic, _the North Pacific, and New Zealand, and olidia papillosa (or AY. serotina, a very similar form) from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Falkland Islands. But I think that in cases where the identity is not absolute, it is better to create or recognize separate species. Considering how greatly preserved nudibranchs change their colour and shape, a considerable assumption is always involved in identifying an alcoholic specimen from the southern hemisphere with a species from the Northern Atlantic, and, if any points of difference are found, it seems to me safer to emphasize them, though they may be minute. Identifications of northern and southern species are generally accepted without criticism and made the basis of important theories. The creation of a new species challenges re-examination and really contains less of the speculative element. Nevertheless, there can be no doubt that these southern seas contain a considerable number of forms which are either specifically identical with northern forms, or so closely allied to them, that they must be supposed to be sprung from the same immediate ancestors. The same is true of Antarctic Pteropods (see my report on the collection made by the ‘ Discovery’), but the coincidence is less noticeable in the case | of Antarctic nudibranchs, which offer many new types that have not yet been found elsewhere.! For drawing any general conclusions the | nudibranchs of New Zealand should probably not be regarded as 1 Archidoris tuberculata is recorded from 65° 5’ S. (Vayssiere), and perhaps Doto antarctica, Eliot, is Dvto fragilis (Forbes). 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. co representing a separate province, but be taken in conjunction with the nudibranchs of South Australia and Tasmania. This fauna seems to show much the same characters as the New Zealand fauna. In classification I follow the arrangement of Bergh, but this system was based chiefly on an examination of forms from the Northern Atlantic and Pacific, the Mediterranean, and Indo-Pacific, hardly any specimens from the Southern Atlantic or Southern Pacific being available. But recent investigations (particularly Bergh’s account of the Opisthobranchiata of South Africa in the Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society, vol. xvii, 1907) show that these southern forms necessitate both additions and rearrangement. As explained elsewhere,’ I think wider generic definitions advisable and in particular I should wish both for convenience and correctness of nomenclature to revive the old name Dor?s and to recognize Staurodoris, Archidoris, Anisodoris, and Homoiodoris as subgenera of it. To these subgenera I add in this paper a new one, Ctenodoris, proposed for Doris Habellifera, Cheeseman, and Staurodoris pecten, Eliot, both characterized by a peculiar arrangement of the branchie. The following is a list of New Zealand nudibranchs. It makes no pretension to bibliographical completeness and merely endeavours to give the names of such forms as are known with sufficient certainty to warrant conclusions being drawn as to their distribution. The forms marked with * are described below :— Name. DisTRIBUTION. 1. *Stiliger felinus, Hutton ... a ... An allied form, St. bellulus (= St. Marie), isfoundinthe N. Atlantic. 2. Hervia(?) Corfei, Hutton... se ... Genus recorded from N. Atlantic, Mediterranean, Ceylon, Amboina, E. Africa. 3. *Facelina sp. os she Se ... Genus recorded from Atlantic, Mediterranean, E. Africa, and California. 4. *Antiopella (= Janus) Novozealandica, n.sp. Genus recorded with certainty only from N. Atlantic. Janus san- guineus of Angas is uncertain. The allied Janolus is recorded | from California and the Arafura — Sea. 5. *Alloiodoris lanuginata (Abr.) — ... ... Allied and possibly identical species — from Tasmania and S. Australia. 6. *Archidoris Wellingtonensis (Abr.) ... Species not recorded from elsewhere. | Genus probably cosmopolitan, but most abundant in temperate seas. 7. Sheaths, and a similar radula(23 x 70.00.70). The shape, however, appears to be different. In any case A. vari@seems to me to be an » Aphelodoris rather than an Archidoris, for it is one of the characters of the Archidoridide that the back is tuberculate, or at least granulate. APHELODORIS AFFINIS, 0.Sp. One specimen marked Great Barrier Island: 14mm. long, 8 broad, 85 high. It is shaped somewhat as Chromodoris: the sides are high and the mantle-edge small. The colour is dirty white with irregular 9 O44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. mottlings of dark reddish-brown. The epidermis peels off very readily, and it is possible that the brown mottlings may have been much more extensive or even that the dorsal surface may have been wholly brown. It is quite smooth and presents no trace of warts or granulations. The foot is large, and the anterior margin is not grooved. The oral tentacles are white: large, flat, and distinctly grooved. The rhinophores are purplish-brown and provided with sheaths 1:5 mm. high. The rim of the branchial pocket is flattened as preserved, but was probably raised in life. The branchie are purplish-brown, but the outside of the stems is whitish. They are tripinnate, much contracted, and apparently consist of five or six plumes, the division in one place not being clear. The intestines are yellow, much hardened, and not well preserved, but the arrangement of the alimentary tract, which is remarkable, is quite plain, and appears to be natural and not the result of distortion. The rather long and straight csophagus runs to the hinder part of the stomach and enters it on the right side. The stomach, which is somewhat elongate, lies parallel to the cesophagus on its left side; the long intestine issues from the anterior part of the stomach, runs across and above the cesophagus, and then describes a large loop along the right side of the liver. It may possibly be more correct to regard the slight swelling at the base of the cesophagus as the true stomach, but the natural description of the organ seems to me to be that given above. The stomach lies partly in a cleft of the liver, but is not enclosed by it. The cesophagus is lined with soft laminee, and the upper wall of the stomach bears very ample lamine which almost fill it. They are collected in groups so as to form seven ridges. ‘They are strongest near the exit of the intestine, where they seem to act as valves. A blood-gland was found and two small elliptical salivary glands. They enter the buccal mass in the usual place through their short ducts, and also seem to taper into a thread-like process at the distal ends. In the central nervous system the cerebro-pleural ganglia are distinctly divided into two parts. The pedal ganglia are large and round. The labial cuticle is darker in some places than in others, but presents nothing that can be called a labial armature. The formula of ji the radula is about 23 x 60.0.60. The innermost teeth have long jf bases and lower hooks than the rest. ‘The teeth increase in size up to | the middle of the half-row, where they are large, simply hamate, and © rather erect. Towards the end of the half-row they decrease in size, and have low, strongly bent, irregular hooks, but are not denticulate. No spines or other armature could be found in the genitalia, which were, however, too much hardened to admit of a proper examination. Doris Granutosa, Abraham. Doris granulosa, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 258, pl. xxix, figs. 1-3, 1877. Several specimens of this form are in the British Museum, and appear to correspond with Abraham’s description of the. external | 3 characters. I opened two, but found the internal organs, including |}; ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 345 the ribbon of the radula, entirely decayed. Only scattered teeth of the ordinary hamate type remained. The form is probably a small Archidoris, perhaps A. nanula, Bergh, but its appearance in life is unknown, and the preserved specimens present no characters which would justify identification. The species can accordingly be neglected. Doris tonauta, Abraham. (Abraham: same paper and page as above.) The same may be said of this form. Like Doris granulosa it has lost its colour, the intestines are decayed, and it can only be said that it had rather stout hamate teeth. Hutton (Trans. New Zeal, Inst., vol. xiii, p. 203, 1881) doubtfully identifies with D. Jongula specimens deposited by him in the Canterbury Museum, but his description is not full, and it is difficult to say whether his animal is really the same as Abraham’s or to what genus either are referable. Crromoporis AMa@NA, Cheeseman. Chromodoris amena, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xviii, p. 137, 1885. = Chr. figurata, Bergh: Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 71, 1905. Four specimens from Whangarei Head, about 80 miles north of Auckland, sent by Mr. Cooper. The general colour of the dorsal surface, including the rhinophores and branchise, is greyish-white. ~The margin is marked by a rather broad stripe of lemon-yellow, in which are seen imbedded a row of round bodies. There are 2-3 rows of lemon-yellow spots on the sides of the body under the mantle and traces of coloured areas on the back, which, though now grey and white like the rest, were perhaps differently coloured in life. The shape is high and stout, much as in Chr. Sempert. The length of the largest specimen is 23mm., the height 10mm., the breadth 10°5mm. The free tail is 6mm. long. The margins of the rhino- phorial and branchial pockets are very slightly raised. The branchise ‘vary from 8 to 10 in number. In one specimen they are bipinnate, ‘being divided into 2-4 plumes at the tip. The tentacles are retracted _and represented by two pits. The buccal mass is very large. The labial armature is yellowish- green, and consists of rods somewhat bent or curved at the tip, which .in some parts of the armature is bifid, in others entire. The radula :eonsists of 88 rows, of which four are undeveloped and shadowy, and there are 100-120 teeth on either side of the rhachis. The rhachis ‘bears a median tooth with a long base and a low cusp, which is not 'denticulate, though of somewhat irregular outline. The first lateral is -of the shape usual in the genus and is denticulate on both sides, bearing on the inner side about 4 denticles. The other laterals are denticulate only on the outer side, the number of denticles being at lleast 6. Near the end of the rows the main cusp diminishes and the first denticle increases, so that the tooth appears bifid. 346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. The liver is large and greyish ; there is no stomach outside it. There can, I think, be little doubt that Bergh’s Chr. figurata (1905) is the same as the earlier Chr. amena (1885) of Cheeseman. The agreement in colour and external features is as complete as can be expected in two descriptions made, one from living and the other from preserved specimens. Cheeseman’s account of the radula, though slight, is not inconsistent with the identification, though he describes it as smaller (65 X 70.1.70). A rough sketch sent by Mr. Cooper with the specimens represents a pale pinkish Chromodoris, with orange blotches on the back and yellow spots on the sides. The rhinophores and the 10 simply pinnate branchie are violet-coloured. CHROMODORIS AUREO-MARGINATA, Cheeseman. Chromodoris aureo-marginata, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xiii, p. 223, 1880. ? = Chr. marginata, Pease: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 30, 1860; and Bergh, Siboga Expeditie, Opisthobranchiata, p. 150, 1905. One small specimen from Takapuna, labelled Chr. aureo-marginata, juv. It is therefore probable that when alive it agreed with Cheeseman’s description in coloration (pellucid white with a narrow golden border), as it still does in other respects. It is 12°5 mm. long and 5°5 broad, flattish in shape, with the mantle fairly wide at the sides and amply expanded over the head. There seem to be traces of small low tubercles on the back. The margins of the rhinophorial pockets are somewhat raised. The branchial pocket is closed and forms a small papilla. It contains 10 small, simply pinnate branchiee ; the fifth plume on either side is minute. The foot is rather narrow, with a simple groove in front. On either side of the mouth is a knob- like tentacle. The labial armature is rather faint. It is an imperfect ring composed of close-set, short, mace-like rods, swollen and bent at the tips. The radula consists of 50 rows, three of which are imperfectly developed, containing about 45 teeth on either side of the rhachis, which bears inconspicuous thickenings. The first lateral is broad and appears 9 trifid, but the prominence on the inner side bears 2-3 denticles. The second lateral is also broad, but lacks this prominence on the inner | side. Apart from its greater breadth it has the same shape as the | other teeth, namely, two large prongs at the apex, and below them | 3-6 denticles, which diminish in size downwards. The outermost teeth bear about four denticles on the tip. is This form is nearly allied to Chr. marginata (Pse.), and perhaps jj}, merely a variety of it. The coloration is very similar and the radula is rather narrow in both species, 50 x 45.1.45 in this specimen, and 54 X 85.1.85 in that examined by Bergh. But the similarity in coloration is not complete, and there is a difference in the shape of the |, teeth. In Chr. marginata Bergh found them simply hamate and denticulate, but in this species the upper denticles are strongly , developed, and the teeth appear bifid as in Chr. hilaris and Chr. pantherina. | ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 347 Dorrpopsts MAMMosa, Abraham. Doridopsis mammosa, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266, pl. xxix, figs. 20-21, 1877. Three specimens marked by Mr. Suter, ‘‘ Doridopsis mammosa, Abraham, Hauraki Gulf.” The largest is 46 mm. long, 26 broad, and 14 high. They are all soft, smooth, and flabby, pale yellow with black markings. Traces of brighter colour seem to indicate that the animal is really bright lemon-yellow when alive. The dorsal surface bears soft tubercles, both large and small. As preserved, most of them are flattened, but the normal arrangement seems to be that there are 8 tubercles about 6 mm. high, one between the rhinophores, one behind the branchiz, and two rows of three each on either side between the rhinophores and branchie. These larger tubercles are surrounded by rings of smaller ones, and there are 2-3 lines of smaller ones near the mantle-edge. The back also bears three rows of lozenge-shaped or irregularly polygonal figures, boldly outlined in black and contrasting with the yellow surface. The space inside the black outline is yellow like the rest of the back, and there is a spot in the centre. ‘Chere are 3-4 of these figures in the centre of the back between the two lines of large tubercles and 5 on the outer side of each line near the mantle-edge. The last figures are behind the branchial pocket and imperfectly developed. The branchial pocket is shallow, with a few black spots on the floor. Its edge is distorted in all the specimens, but seems to have had six lobes, marked by tubercles. The branchie are 6, tripinnate, yellow, but the rhachides of the extreme ramifications are black. The rhinophorial sheaths are thin, about 1°5mm. high, not divided or lobed. The rhinophores are rather large, reflexed, and bear about 30 deep perfoliations. The mantle-edge is fairly ample. The foot has ample lateral margins, is pointed in front and not grooved. Over the mouth are two rather broad flat tentacles. The intestines are mostly yellow. The blood-gland is very large and yellowish. It lies as preserved not over the central nervous system but on the right, towards the genitalia. The interior of the buccal chamber is bluish-black. Out of the buccal cone issues a thin tube with muscular walls about 4mm. long and 1mm, broad. This tube passes into a sausage-shaped dilatation with thinner walls, about 6 mm. long and 3:5 broad, which is bent so as to form a circular loop with the anterior and posterior ends close together. This dilatation is followed by a constriction and a longish tube about 20 mm. long, and of irregular diameter (about 3 mm.) on an average, which dilates again and then enters the liver. The walls of this longish tube are very thin, and in places reticulate with large irregular meshes, like those shown in Hancock’s figure of Dorzdopsis. No salivary glands of the usual type were found, but under the anterior part of the buccal tube lies a large many-lobed yellow gland. It has five principal divisions, but it enters the buccal tube by a single duct. The central nervous system forms a complete ring surrounding the end of the thin part of the buccal tube. The ganglia form 348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. a granulate mass and are not separately distinguishable. The buccal canglia seem to be as in Doridopsis, not as in Doriopsilla. The stomach is entirely enclosed in the liver, which is yellow within and without, not very compact, cleft behind, and attached to the floor of the body-cavity by a muscular strap. The hermaphrodite gland does not differ from the liver conspicuously in colour. The heart is as usual in the genus. At the point where it is attached to the peri- cardium is the so-called pericardial gill—a line about 6mm. long of yellowish lamelle, each about 2mm. wide. The ampulla of the hermaphrodite gland is stout and brownish. After about 10 mm. comes the bifurcation. The male branch at first covers the spermatotheca with thick soft coils; this part of it would probably be about 60 mm. long if stretched out. It then passes into a thinner portion with strong muscular walls, which enters the penis sac. ‘The presence of an armature was not satisfactorily demonstrated. Some rather large transparent prominences were found on the lower vas deferens, but could not be isolated, nor is it certain that they were hard. Inthe female branch a thin tube runs from the bifurcation to the spermatotheca, which is very large and almost sessile on the duct. It is full of spermatozoa and has very thin walls. The spermatocyst is small. It is in all probability naturally pear-shaped, but the contents are squeezed up into the top so as to make it appear globular. It has a very long duct. On the vagina is a vestibular gland. Doripopsts crrrina, Cheeseman. Doridopsis citrina, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xiii, p. 223, 1880. , Seven specimens. The largest is 24mm. long, 7°5 high, and 18 broad, but the real breadth is greater, the mantle-margin ‘being folded. ‘The animals are flattish in appearance, moderately “soft, and of a uniform pale yellow. The back is covered with numerous well-developed tubercles of rather irregular shape and size, and sometimes confluent; near the margin the tubercles are smaller and the intervals between them larger. The rims of the rhinophorial and branchial pockets are slightly raised, thin, and not tuberculate. The branchie are 5 and tripinnate. The mantle-margin is fairly ample, and in places shows spicules arranged in a reticulate pattern, but the integuments are thick and not very transparent. ‘The spicules are of various sizes and shapes, such as straight and smooth ; straight with a projection on one side, V-shaped and Y-shaped. The foot is fairly broad, not much pointed before or behind. In some specimens, but not in all, a groove can be seen on its anterior margin. The central nervous system is as in Doridopsis, not as in Doriopsilla. The buccal ganglia are set at some distance behind the main mass of the nerve-collar. From the buccal cone issues a tube which describes a fairly large loop to the left and then contracts. At this point are the buccal ganglia united to the anterior nerve centres by fairly long connectives which run across the end of the loop. The tube does not ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 349 present the abrupt transitions seen in Doridopsis mammosa, and is of a more uniform breadth, but its essential structure seems to be the same, It shows one constriction at the point where the buccal ganglia are set and a second just before it enters the liver. After this second constriction comes a small globular dilatation. The intestines are pale yellow. The liver is very large, cleft behind, and extending right into the anterior part of the body, where it lies under the buccal organs. It is somewhat lighter outside owing to the layer of the hermaphrodite gland which covers it. The genitalia are small. A prostate is present. The vas deferens and glans penis are very thickly covered with minute, slightly bent spines, resembling the hamate teeth of Dorids, but rather more elongate. This form closely resembles Doridopsis fulva of MacFarland (Nudib. Moll. of Monterey Bay in Bull. of Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, vol, xxv, p. 130, 1905). If they are identical, Cheeseman’s name (1880) has priority. GontoporIs PuNcTATA, B. Goniodoris punctata, Bergh: Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p: 91, 1905: Two specimens from Akaroa Harbour, near Lyttelton, in the South Island. They are about 6°5 mm. long and of a uniform yellowish- green without any trace of the red spots found in Bergh’s specimens. The dorsal margin has a jagged appearance, as it is marked by a line of 7-10 simple lancet-shaped processes on each side. Similar processes are found on the frontal margin. On the dorsal surface are scattered tubercles, about 5 in front of the rhinophores and 20 between the rhinophores and branchiz. The part behind the branchiz is smooth. The tubercles form three extremely irregular rows, of which that in the middle is most definite. Bergh describes it as a Kamm, but it is evidently not so well developed in my specimens as in those which he examined. The head is produced into a blunt projection on either side. The foot is not grooved in front and not produced at the corners. The rhinophores are rather large; they bear about 10 perfoliations and show no trace of sheaths or pockets. The branchiz are 5 or 6, scanty and bipinnate. The internal organs are as described by Bergh. On the labial cuticle is a ring (apparently consisting of two semicircles which nearly meet) composed of small rods with tips sometimes entire and sometimes divided. The formula of the radula is 31 x 2.0.2. The teeth are transparent. The inner tooth is large and bears at least 20 denticles. The outer tooth is a small plate, bearing in most cases a single low but distinct cusp. ACANTHODORIS MOLLICELLA, Abraham. Acanthodoris mollicella, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 262, pl. xxx, figs. 1-4, 1877. One of Abraham’s specimens examined. The external characters are as described by him. The dorsal papillae are somewhat longer than usual. Two of the denticulations on the rhinophore sheath are 350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. long and flat. The colour is a uniform olive-brown. The lateral ends of the oral veil are large and free. The spines in the integuments are much bent and irregular, but not branched. The labial armature with its cuticular blades is as usual in the genus. It is composed of little columns split into three or four denticles at the top, and presents a very rough surface, almost lke aradula. The formula of the radula is about 24 x6+1.0.1446. The first laterals are large with rather blunt tips and bear 4-5 denticles. The second, third, and fourth laterals are erect, and retain the hamate form. The fifth and sixth are plates. The vas deferens is long and bears a transparent armature which is difficult to see, but is apparently composed of disks bearing spines. I think that this is probably the 4. pilosa, var. Novoxealandia, of Bergh (Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 94, 1905), but doubt if it is really the same species as A. pilosa, though undoubtedly nearly allied. The dorsal papille are longer, and there are differences in the rhinophore sheaths, labial armature, and radula. AcANTHODORIS GLoBosA, Abraham. Acanthodoris globosa, Abraham: Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 262, pl. xxx, figs. 5-9, 1877 One of Abraham’s specimens examined. The external characters are as described by him, but it looks to me as if the animal had originally been black or bluish. The integuments are very thin, the dorsal tubercles sparsely scattered, and two of the processes on the rhinophore sheaths are larger than the others. The underside of the mantle is marked with reddish lines formed by spicules. The internal organs are not well preserved, but the buccal parts are clear. Contrary to Abraham’s statement, the labial armature with the two blades is quite distinct. It is formed of mace-lke elements, swollen below the tip, but ending in a point and not denticulate or divided. They are set in unusually regular rows. The formula of the radula is about 34 X 7+1.0.1+7. The first lateral is of the usual shape and bears 38—4 denticles. The second to the sixth laterals are all erect, and, though much smaller than the first, retain something of the hamate shape. The seventh is a flat plate. No armature could be found in the genitalia. The vas deferens is long. This is possibly identical with A. metulifera, Bergh (Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 98, 1905), described from a single specimen obtained in Tasmania, but there are differences of detail in the radula and labial armature. NUDIBRANCHS FROM THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. The small collection of Nudibranchs here described were all collected by Mr. Valentine, and, it would seem, all in Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands. ‘Two of them had been deposited in the Museum of Manchester University and were given me by Dr. Hoyle; for the rest I am indebted to Mr. Valentine himself. The species are as follows :— ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 351 Name. DisTRIBUTION. 1. Molidia serotina, Bergh (? =A. papiliosa)... An identical or closely allied species is recorded trom the N. Atlantic, the N. Pacific, and Chile. 2. Cratena Valentini, n.sp.... at ..» Genus probably cosmopolitan : abundant in N. Atlantic and recorded from Chile. 3. Galvina Falklandica, n.sp. ... sie ... Closely allied to G. flava from the N. Atlantic or identical. 4. Coryphella Falklandica, n.sp. sis ... Closely allied to C. lineata from N. Atlantic or identical. 5. Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh... ... Off the coast of Chile. 6. Diaulula vestita (Abraham)... 500 ... W. coast of Patagonia and Straits of Magellan, closely allied form from California. . Staurodoris Falklandica, n.sp. os ... § The genera are well represented in . Acanthodoris Falklandica, u.sp. { the N. Atlantic. The Falkland Islands are considerably farther south than New Zealand (Stanley is about 50° 8.), and it is therefore natural that there should be no tropical element in the fauna. Two points are noticeable in the short list given above. Firstly, all the genera but one (and that a very doubtful identification) are characteristic of the North Atlantic, and three of the species are closely allied to and possibly identical with British forms. Secondly, two of the species are recorded from the coast of Chile, so that the cast and west sides of the more southern portion of South America must have, to some extent at least, a common fauna. ont oripr1a sERoTINA, Bergh. Aolidia serotina, Bergh: Beitr. zur Kennt. der Aeolidiaden, i, p. 619, 1874; id., ‘* Molidia (? var.) pacifica, n.sp.?” Nudib. of North Pacific, part i, p. 127, 1879; parti, p. 1381; id., Molidia papillosa (= 4. serotina), in Bull. of Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, p. 127, 1894; id., Molidia serotina, Zool. Jahrb. Supp. IV, Fauna Chilensis, Bd. i, p. 541, pl. xxxi, figs. 26-31. Three specimens, one marked Stanley Harbour. The largest is grey and 30°5 mm. long, but is evidently much bent and contracted. It measures 30mm. across the pericardium. The foot is strongly grooved in front, but not produced into projecting angles. In the middle of the back there are 15 distinct rows of cerata, set upon well-marked ridges. In all there seem to be about 40 rows, but they are much crowded near the rhinophores and tail. The bare space on the back is large and measures 12 X 5°5 mm. in the best preserved specimen, which is not the largest, and only 19mm. long and 15 broad. The cerata are flat and not transparent. The anus is dextro-dorsal. The rhinophores are fairly long and stout in the best preserved specimens; wrinkled, but not perfoliate. The oral tentacles are also stout, and set far apart on the sides of the head. The jaws are strong and bear no denticles. The radula consists of a single row of 18 teeth of the usual pectinate shape; the largest is about 1°5 broad. The basal strip is narrow from top to bottom, and not strongly curved or arched. The smallest bear 24 denticles, the ou2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. largest 38-40. There is no trace of bilobation, except that the middle of the tooth is generally marked by two denticles set in a V shape. The denticles are often broken or blunted, and it would appear that even when perfect they do not slope symmetrically to a point. The teeth are much like those of the #olidia serotina found by Plate in Chile, and figured by Bergh (Opisth. Plate, Taf. xxxi, 26-31). With that animal the present specimens seem to be identical. The large bare space on the back, the absence of projecting corners to the foot, and the shape of the teeth are points of resemblance. The radula was much longer in Plate’s specimen, but about the same (22) in the one from Valparaiso described by Bergh in 1874. Is this species identical with olidia papillosa? Bergh (see the references above) seems to have held different opinions on this point, but in his latest notice of the form (1898) he registers it as a distinct species. In this, as in other cases, it is perhaps safest to separate specimens coming from such widely different localities and known only in their preserved condition. On the other hand, the three known species of Wolidia (42. papillosa, Hf. serotina, Chile and Falkland Islands, 4. hereulea, California) show few decided differences, and Bergh considers that the true Molidia papillosa is found on the west coast of North America. 4. serotina is said to be reddish when alive, but this need not be a specific difference, for I have seen large specimens of <2. papillosa at Plymouth of a fine rosy-gray with greenish cerata. Cratena VALENTINI, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Figs. 4, 5. Several specimens. As preserved they are white or brownish. A coloured figure (Fig. 5) by Mr. Valentine represents a mottled Afolid of stiff and irregular appearance, characters also found in the preserved specimens. The larger specimens are about 10mm. long, 3 broad, including the cerata, and 2°5 high to the top of the pericardium. The body looks tuberculate, especially at the sides, but this is due merely to the hermaphrodite gland showing through. There is no tail to speak of distinct from the body. The foot is apparently without natural projections at the anterior corners, but as preserved it varies greatly. The rhinophores and tentacles are of moderate size, wrinkled, but not really perfoliate. The cerata are not set opposite one another, which gives the whole animal an irregular appearance. There are 5-6 large ovate cerata, and at the base of each, generally a lttle behind it, a very small one. The hepatic diverticula are yellowish, not much branched, but bearing knobs. The anus hes on the mght side, just below the dorsal margin; a little in front of it is the renal pore. Three radule examined consisted of a single row of 22, 24, and 25 colourless transparent teeth respectively (Fig. 4). They have a moderately large central cusp bearing 7-8 denticles in the front teeth and 9 in those behind. The edge bearing these denticles forms a shelf distinctly on a lower level than the median and hinder part of the teeth, and only the first denticles are set on the same level as the central cusp. ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 358 The yellow membranous jaws bear a row of large irregular denticles. The tips are generally square and blunt, but sometimes split or fringed. From a series of sections made it appears that there is a chitinous armature on the penis, but whether it is a spine or a tube could not be determined. This species seems intermediate between Amphorina and Cratena. It has ovate cerata and a style or tube on the penis, features which ally it to Amphorina, but on the other hand the radula is not, as usual in that genus, long and tapering. It may perhaps be referred to Cratena. It does not seem to be Cr. Cavance or Cr. pusilla recorded from Chile. Gatvina Farxuanpica, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 6. Three specimens and also some spawn consisting of smail white coils attached to hydroids. The coils are short and stout, semicircular or imperfectly circular, but never more complicated. The animals are elongate, the largest 8 mm. long and 2 broad. The height is 2°75 to the tip of the pericardium, and the foot extends 2mm. behind the last cerata. The first is white and the integuments colourless, but the whole animal appears yellow or fawn-coloured, owing to the hepatic diverticula and hermaphrodite gland showing through. The foot is rounded in front, without lateral projections, and apparently connected with the head. The rhinophores (3 mm.) are much longer than the oral tentacles (about 1mm.), wrinkled, but not really perfoliate. Behind them are visible two black eyes. The cerata are long (2'75—3 mm.), and longer in the smaller than in the larger specimens. They are rather stout, but hardly ovate, very erect, and somewhat as in Trinchese’s figure of Galvina flava (olidide del Porto di Genova, vol. ii, pl. xxix, figs. 2-3). The plan of arrangement is not plain, but they are apparently set in about 6 groups, each containing 4 cerata as a maximum. The anus is lateral and rather far forward. The jaws bear a single row of coarse denticles. In two specimens dissected the radula was found to consist of forty rows, tapering considerably, and each containing three teeth. The median tooth (Fig. 6a) bears a central cusp with four denticles on either side. The central cusp is much depressed, so that its point hes below the level of the lateral denticles, with the result that from certain points of view the tooth appears to be bilobed with no central cusp at all. It can, however, be found by focussing in all the rows. The side teeth (Fig. 66) are of the shape usual in the genus, but rather thin and tall. Their outline is curved, not rectangular. The dentition of this species is not unlike that of G@. flava, G. viridula, and G. rupium, and it is possible that it may be identical with the first of these, but until further information about the living animal is forthcoming I think it safer to register it as a separate species. 364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. CoryPHELLA Fatxzanpica, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 7. Cf. C. lineata, A. & H.: Monograph., Fam. 3, pl. xvi; Vayssiére, Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Marseille, p. 73, 1886. Three specimens seem referable to this form. ‘The largest is 16 mm. long, 9 wide across the cerata and pericardium, with a bare space on the back measuring 9 X 4mm. Im colour they are uniformly yellowish or greenish white, with traces of white lines on the tail of one specimen. As preserved, the animals are probably less elongate than in life. The head and foot are broad; the tail short, but distinct and without cerata ; the margins of the foot and mantle well developed ; the anterior margin of the foot slightly bilobed, and grooved with short but distinct projections at the corners. The rhinophores and tentacles are thick, the latter set rather far back, in many cases showing artificial wrinkles, but not really perfoliate. The largest cerata are inside, as much as 6mm. long; the outermost are mere tubercles. No clear arrange- ment in transverse rows can be made out, but the cerata are set all along the side of the back in 4—6 irregular longitudinal lines. They vary ereatly in transparency; the hepatic diverticula within them, when visible, are yellowish, smooth, and extend almost to the tip. The larger cerata are somewhat sunken in the middle and pointed at the tip, but not very symmetrical in shape. The genital orifice is just under the rhinophores ; the anus hes about half-way between the head and tail, immediately under the mantle-margin. The eyes are minute and invisible externally. The jaws have a bright metallic lustre, and bear at least 10 rows of small pyramidal denticles. The radula consists of 11-12 rows, each containing three teeth of the shape usual in the genus. The median tooth (Fig. 7a) has a horse-shoe base and a central cusp with 6-8 lateral denticles. The usual number is 7, but they vary both in number and shape. On some teeth they are much more curved than on others, and their edge is sometimes finely striated. In all cases there are two denticles rather high up, but sometimes the cusp rises smooth and clear-cut above them, in others it bears an extra pair of denticles. The lateral teeth (Fig. 75) are thin and straight; the base is hollowed out, and the tip is sometimes bent a little back. They bear 14-16 (usually 14) saw-like denticles on the inside. This serrulation is often irregular and rudimentary, ill-formed denticles being found among more perfect ones. This form is nearly allied to several species from the Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean, and may even be identical with C. lineata, but the colour and markings of the living animal are unknown, and I register it provisionally as a new species. TrIToNIA CHALLENGERIANA, Bergh. Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh: Challenger Reports, vol. x, pt. 26, Nudibranchiata, p. 45. Eight specimens from the Falkland Islands. The notes allude to one being red and one white. Most of them are obviously bent and ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 300 distorted, but the real shape is probably linguiform with a tail, and the largest, if straightened out, would be about 45 mm. long and 17 wide. As preserved, some are white and some are green; the back is covered with low soft warts, which are clearest near the tail. The rhinophore sheaths are of moderate size, reflexed and not digitate. The frontal veil bears 10-15 processes. On either side of the body is a continuous row of 16-19 small branchial tufts, but the number is not always identical on the two sides. The tufts consist of 2-8 main stems bearing secondary branches, with small tertiary branches here and there. The jaws are olive-green, with 7-8 rows of very distinct denticles. The radula examined consisted of 42 rows with a maximum formula of 45+1+1-+1-+445. The median teeth are tricuspid and hollowed out behind, the first lateral stout and rather clumsy, the rest rather elongate and curved near the tips. Dravtoura vestita (Abraham). Doris vestita, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 252, pl. xxviii, figs. 5, 6, 1877. = Diaulula Sandiegensis, var. pallida, Bergh: Bull. of Mus. of Comp. Zool. Haryard, p. 172, 1894. I have examined two specimens of this form, one obtained by Mr. Valentine in the Falkland Islands and one from the Straits of Magellan, preserved in the British Museum and described by Abraham as Doris vestita. The specimens agree in both external and internal features, but the intestines are somewhat decayed in both. The larger (Mr. Valentine’s) is 45 mm. long, 22 broad, and 18 high, but the real breadth was probably much greater, as the ample mantle- edge (9mm. broad in some places) is turned inwards. In both specimens there are rents in the mantle which make it probable that autotomy was commencing when the animals died. The texture is spiculous, much harder and rougher in one specimen than the other. The colour is whitish with here and there a yellowish tinge. There is no trace of a dorsal ridge or keel, but the back is covered with small, flat-topped tubercles of various sizes, the largest not more than ‘75 mm. high and ‘5 mm. broad. They are full of spicules, about seven of which project from the top of each and form a sort of crown. These spicules, which are also found in great quantities in the rest of the integuments, are long, colourless, slender, and fairly straight, not branched or swollen. The rhinophorial pockets are closed, but appear to have been protected by rather high sheaths with denticulate edges. The margin of the branchial pocket shows indistinct undulations or jags, five in one specimen, nine in the other. The branchi are much contracted, short, stout, and bi- or tripimnate. They may be counted as either nine or five, according as the smaller plumes are reckoned as independent or as subdivisions. The foot is grooved and notched in front. The tentacles are small and digitate. The intestines are yellowish. On the labial cuticle is a collection of granules forming a grey strip, which has not, however, in either specimen the usual appearance of a labial armature, and does not contain rods or hooks. The radula is small, consisting of 20 and 22 rows, which contain respectively 31 and 26 yellowish teeth on 306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. either side of the rhachis, as a maximum. The innermost are low with blunt tips. The teeth increase in size outwards: the first 5-6 are small, the rest rather large; about the middle of the half row are generally one or two teeth markedly taller than the rest. The one or two outermost are thin and erect, but not tall. The stomach is not enclosed in the liver, and is laminated internally. The central nervous system is as in Archidoris. The pedal ganglia are round; the cerebral and pleural divisions are not very distinctly separated; the buccal ganglia are elliptical, strongly granulated, and united by a short commissure; the gastro-cesophageal ganglia are united to them by short connectives and irregularly globular. The genitalia also seemed much as in Archidoris, and entirely without armature. The upper part of the vas deferens is soft and much coiled ; the lower part is straighter and muscular. ‘The spermatotheca is large and round; the spermatocyst elongate. 336 3806 | Liotide . ; : oe i Lydiphnis, n.subgen. : : . 20 M. 61 5 | Malluviumn, n.subgen. » Sl, 22 310 | Iangilia Beckeri, u.sp. (fig.) . 38 264 biplicata, n.sp. (fig) «nd 66 eburnea, n.sp. (fig.) . a) 8) Marginella subflava, v.sp. (fig.) . 36 — (Volvaria) anydrozona, n.sp. (fig.). . : : a 246 63. = eumorpha, 992 N. Sp. (fig. ) . . . 76 “91 | Alartensia Bowkere, n.sp. (fig.) . #88 Matthews, E.H.V. . : -- all Melania Browni, n.sp. (fig.) 266 260 curvicosta, var. Pres- = toniana, n.var. (fig.) : «all 260) Kelantanensis, n.sp. (fig.) 267 Melvilli, n.sp. (fig.). 267 Nove- Hibernia, n.sp.(fig.) 266 Sykesi, u.sp. (fig.) . + Bo Melvill, J. C., ‘A revision of the species of Cyclostrematidie and Liotiidee occurring in the Persian 119 Gulf and North Arabian Sea’. 20 INDEX 369 PAGE PAGE Melvill, J. C., ‘ Descriptions of Oliva Smithi, n.sp. (fig.) . > aif Cyclostrema Prestoni and Nassa Onithochiton Ashbyi, n. sp: (fig:) = 92 Tindalli, n.spp., from Ceylon’ 29 nodosus, n.sp. (tig.) 297 ‘Descriptions of thirty- t Orthoceras angulifer um, Arch. & one Gastropoda and one Secapho- Vern. (fig.) - 290 pod from the Persian Gulf and t Ostrea curvirostris, Wnlceon (fig.) 282 Gulf of Oman’ 69 - ‘Capulus lissus, Smith, as P. type of a proposed new subgenus (Malluwium) of Amalthea, Paludestrina Jenkinsi (Smith) 203 Schumacher ’ : 81 | Papuina complanata, u.sp. (fig.) 234 ‘ Description of a new Parastrophia filum, n.sp. (fig.) . 80 species of Latirus’ 217 | Pearl oyster culture and ee Mitra Brettinghami, w.sp. 124 (Haynes) 61 (Pusia) aceincta, n.sp.(fig.) 300 | Pearls in Haliotis and “Peeten 311 Mopalia australis, n.sp. (fig.) 215 | Phidiana longicirrha, n.sp. (fig.). 156 Mormula excellens, n.sp. (fig) 302 | Pilsbry, H. A., ‘On Chloritis t Mourlonia carinata Vv. Sowerby) heteromphalus, Pilsbry ’ 196 (fig.) ‘ F . 287 | Pincerna, noy. subgen. 206 Mueronalia bizonula, n. “Sp. (fig.) 72 liratula, n.sp. (fig.) 206 lepida, n.sp. (fig.) 73 | Planispira (Trachiopsis) aeuti- Mumniola epibathra, v.sp. “(ig.) 72 costata, n.sp. (fig.) . : 362 t+ Mylne Collection, Post- Pliocene ‘ Vlanorbis Sagocnsis, n.sp. (tig.) 129 Mollusea : A . 261 | t+ Platyostomella Scotoburdigalensis, R. Etheridge, jun. (fig.) . 287 N. Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve, var. Lifuensis, nov. var. (fig.). 300 Nassa (Alectryon) Us aee n.sp. + ——— Pareoraensis, n.sp. (fig.) 76 (fig.) . : C : . 208 (Hima) Tindalli, n. sp. (tig.) 29 | Plewrotomella (?) builioides, n.sp. Nevilliana, n.sp. (fig.) B4 (figs) Fs A : F 178 t Natica cincta, Phillips (fig.) . 284 gregaria, u.sp. (fig.) 180 { Naticopsis harpula (Vo they C lusitanica, n.sp. (fig.) . 181 Sowerby) (fig.) c - 290 | LPloe amopherus Madere (Lowe) (fig.) 160 Neocyclotus depressus, n.sp. (fig.) . 9 | Polyplacophora of New Zealand 293 Peruvianus, n.sp. (fig.). 98 | ft Polytropina helicina (Lindstrom) Neptunea antiqua : . 68 (fig.) - : : : a el t Neritina concava, J. de C. Ponsonby, J. H., ‘ Description of Sowerby (fig.) . , . » 282 two new species of Helicoid Newton, R. B., ‘ Note on Swain- Land-Shells from German New son’s genus Volutilithes’ 100 Guinea ’ 224 ‘Relics of Coloration in ‘ Porcupine’ Mollusea. 173 Fossil Shells ’ . 280 | Preston, H. B., ‘ Descriptions ot Nudibranchs from Falkland Is. 350-361 four new species of marine shells, from New Zealand . 827-850 probably from Ceylon’ . 24 ‘Description of a new O. species of Limnea trom North- West Australia ’ 36 Obituary notices 64, 66, 67, 245 ‘On a small collection Octopus with branching arms 310 of land and fresh-water shells Odostomia (Miraida) ima, n.sp. from Uganda, with descriptions (ig: : : : 5 ile) of a new species of Martensia ———_ (Pyrqulina) hervierioides, and two new species of Limi- n.sp. (fig.) : a UG colaria’ : : : = 388 = tenerrima, ‘ Description of a new n.sp. (fig.) : : Bo tts subgenus and species of sae = thelwinoa, from Ke-lan-tan ’ . 206 n.sp. (fig.) é 5 (0) ‘ Descriptions of four Oliva ispidula, var. longispira, new species of Melania trom n.var. (fig.) 195 New Ireland and Ke-lan-tan ’ 266 370 Pseudhelicina, in. . t Pse sudomelania ‘Heddingtonensis (J. Sowerby) (fig.) : Pterocyclus aspersus, D.8p. (fig.) Re Reynell, A., on Cassidaria rugosa —— ‘On Burtoa Nilotica (Pfr.) and its see to Achatina, ete.’ : j Rhytida Bednalli, n. sp. (fig.) Rimmer, R., obituary notice Rostanga Evansi, usp. (tig.) ; muscula (Abraham) (fig.) 8. Sealaria eanephora, n.sp. (fig.) Tene: bona, D.sp. (fig’.) - Seginentina " Kennardi, n.sp. * (fig) Siphonaria eyancomaculata, n.sp. (fig.) : Smith, E. A., antiqua’ ‘Note on Neptunea ‘Note on the subgenus Malluvium, Melvill’ ‘Notes on some species of Mitridee, with the description of M. Bretlinghami, nsp.. ‘Note on Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of a Dosinia : : : : ‘Note on Paludestrina Jenkinsi’ ‘Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South Formosa ’ : — ¢ Note on an ‘‘ Octopus” as with branching arms ’ ‘Note on the occurrence of Pearls in Haliotis gigantea and Pecten sp. : , é ‘Notes on Achatina Dennisoni, Reeve, and A. magnifica, Pteiffer’ Solen Fonesii, anatomy viridis, anatomy . : Soletellina Hedleyi, n.sp. (fig.) Sowerby, G. B., ‘On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and a_ remarkable form of Cyprea eruenta, from 8. Africa’ : Descriptions of new marine Mollusca from New Caledonia, etc.’ : ares clytotropis, n. sp. (fig.) (?) megalaeme, n.sp. (fig) Melvilli, n.sp. (fig.) INDEX. Staurodoris atypica, n.sp. (fig.) -—— Falklandica, u.sp. Stiliger felinus, Hutton 3 : Uae sublobata Cae Ng.) Suter, sii Descriptions of some Tertiary Shells from New Zealand ” ‘ Descriptions ‘of six new species of shells and of Re lintea, Hutton, from New Zealand’ : : ‘ Descriptions of new Non- Marine Shells from New Zealand ’. “Notes on New Zealand Polyplacophora, with descrip- tions of five new species ’ . ‘Review of the New Zea- land Acmeeidie, with descriptions of new species and subspecies ’ Swanton, G. W., ‘On the locality of the “Melanotie Helicigona arvbustorum’ . Sykes, E. R., ‘A Pteropod ‘alias’ “On the Mollusca procured during the ‘‘ Porcupine”? Ex- peditions, 1869-1870. Supple- mental Notes, Part III’ ‘On the Dates of Publica- tion of Sowerby’s ‘* Mineral Conchology”’? and ‘‘ Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells” ’ ‘The name Bourcieria’ . tSyneyclonema Sower Sa tery fig.) es “nola aperanta, n. sp. (fig.) clavellosa, n.sp. (fig.) Ale Tagelus divisus, anatomy (fig.) 221, gibbus, anatomy (fig.) 218, Tellina ae es n.sp. fig : Terebra Filmere, n. sp. (fig.) Tethys Burnupi, n.sp. (tig.) operta, n.sp. (fig.) Triphora eupunctata, isp. (fiz) fuscoapicata, n.sp. (tig.) fuscozonata, n.sp. (fig.) Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh mosta, Bergh, var. pal- lescens, n.var. (fig.) . 5 Troe homorpha erustulun, Cox (fig. ) Turbonilla Hermia, n.sp. (fig.) (Pyrgostylis) Delia, n.sp. (fig.) . é : . : U. Unio Pajakomboensis, n.sp. (fig-) 173 191 312 288 73 73 260 260 212 37 52 41 301 301 B01 354 133 230 74 73 16 We Vallonia miserrima, usp. (fig... Venericardia (Pleur omeris) Bol- lonsi, n.sp. (fig.) t Ver tigo par cedentata, Al. Braun t Volutilithes muricina (Lam.) (fig.) pertusa, Swains. (fig.) t+ Volutospina, a.m. .« : : Volvula compacta, n.sp. (fig.) W. Woodward, B. B., ‘On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s ‘‘ Die Land- und Susswasser - Conchylien — der Vorwelt.”’ ’ ; : INDEX. PAGE 307 211 119 100 101 108 19 killer ’ Woodward, B. B., ‘On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s ‘‘ Erd- und Siiss- wasser-Gasteropoden ”’ ” ‘Cement as a Slug- ‘On some | GE Feeding- tracks”? of Gastropods ’ ‘ What evolutionary processes do the Mollusca show ¢ ’? (Inaugural Address) see Kennard, A. 8., and Woodward, B. B. . 119, 261, : X. Xesta cornicen, n.sp. (fig.) . Wanganensis, Cox. (fig.) Printed by Stephen Austin § Sons, Ltd., Hertford. PROCEEDINGS :— Vol. VII. No.1. MARCH, 1906. PROCEEDINGS OF THE OF LONDON. EDITED BY 13; 2s TSIEN SI ISO. JAS Under the direction of the Publication Committee. PAPERS. COTE eaNE ES... Ordinary Meetings : November 10th, 1905 December Sth ....c...cessccyessesssescccssessse January 12th, 1906 Notes :— On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s ‘« ird- und Stisswasser-Gastero- poden.”” By B. B.Woopwarp, F.L.S. On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s ‘‘ Die Land- und Stisswasser- Conchylien der Vorwelt.”” By B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. ..... Cement as a Slug-killer! By B.B.Woopwarp,F.L.S. (Fig.) A Pteropod Alias. ByC. Hepiey, F.L.S., and E. R. Syxzs, B.A. On the Locality of Melanotic Helicigona arbustorum. By G. W. Swanton On Conus Waterhousee, Brazier, var. By A. F. Kenyon ........ On Voluta papillosa, Swainson, var. By A. F. Kenyon .......... PAapERs :— Descriptions of new species of Drymeus, Amphicyclotus, and Neocyclotus, from South and Central America. By S. I. Da Costa. (Plate I.) ou... Description of a new species of Achatina from Mashonaland. By 8. 1. Da Costa. (Fig.)..... On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part I. By Rey. R. A. Bunuen, B.A., F.L.S. (Plate II.) LONDON: DULAU & CO., 37, Sono SquareE, W. aenonseeeaeenesensay PAGE 11 Papers continued :— Description of a new species of Oliva. By F. Bripeman, (Fig.) On the Anatomy of Hnsis macha, Solen Fonesii, and 8. viridis. By H. H. BLoomeEr ..........5....... A Revision of the Species of Cyclo- strematidee and Liotiidee occurring in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea. By J. C. Mer- vinL,M.A.,F.L.S. (Plate 1II.) Description of Cyclostrema Prestoni and Nassa Tindalli, u.spp., from Ceylon. By J. C. Mez- vit, M.A., F.L.S. (Plate sVBT ATG cin SES 3) eeecss censor steree testesecs On some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of Gastropods. By B. B. Woop- WARD, F.L.S. (Figs.) ........000.. Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells, probably from Ceylon. By H. B. Preston, 1 Atsine | 2(( UT) Condon eantinccpe aon Description of a new species ot Limnea from N.W. Australia. By H. B. Presron, F.Z.S8. (Fig-) On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and a remarkable form of Cyprea eruenta, from South Africa. By G. B. Sowrrsy,F.L.S. (Figs.) Critical remarks on certain forms of Chloritis, with descriptions of twelve new species. By G. K. Gupg, F.Z.S. (Plates IV, V.) Notes on the Anatomy of South African Aplysiide, with de- scriptions of two new species. By R. H. Burne, B.A. (Figs.) BERLIN : R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11, Karusrrasse, N.W. Price 5s. MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAGE ili 18 20 29 31 36 40 51 For information concerning the MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON See page iii of this wrapper. CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEVME Ts OUTSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page . : : 30s. Half page : ; ‘ 15s. Quarter page. : ‘ 7s. 6d. INSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page. 3 : 20s. Half page ; : : 10s. Quarter page . p ‘ 5s. Malacological Society of London. (Founded 27th February, 1893.) Officers and Council—elected February, 1906. President :—E. R. Syxus, B.A., F.L.S. Vice-Presidents: — Sir C. N. E. Exnrot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A. HerpMan, F.R.S.; W. G. Riprwoop, D.Sc., F.L.8.; B. B. WoopwarbD, F.L.S. Treasurer :—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, S.W. Secretary :—R. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill, London, W. Editor: —E. A. Smira, I.8.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Other Members of Council: — Rev. R. AsHineaton BuLuen, F.LS. ; S. I. Da Costa; J. ‘Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.; R. BULLEN Newton, F.G.S.; ALEXANDER REYNELL; Henry Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S. By kind permission of the Council of the Linnran Socrgry, the MEETINGS are held in their apartments at Burtineatron Hovss, PiccaDILLy, W., on the sEcOND FRipay in each month from NoveMBER to JUNE. The OBJECT of the Society is to promote the study of the Mollusca, both recent and fossil. MEMBERS, both Ordinary and Corresponding (the latter resident without the British Islands), are elected by ballot on a certificate of recommendation signed by two or more Members. LADIES are eligible for election. The SUBSCRIPTION is, for Ordinary Members 10s. 6d. per annum or £7 7s. for Life, for Corresponding Members 7s. 6d. per annum or £5 5s. for Life. All Members on election pay an Entrance Fee of 10s. 6d. The PROCEEDINGS are issued three times a year, and each Member is entitled to receive a copy of those numbers issued during his membership. [Vols. I-VI, consisting of 37 Parts, have now appeared. Price 5s: per Part. To Members, for personal use only, 3s. per Part, or 15s. per vol.] Further information, with forms of proposal for Membership, may be obtained from the Secretary, to whom all communications should be sent at his private address, as given above. JAPANESE SHELLS, Land, Fresh-water, and Marine. Catalogue sent on Application. Names and exact Localities correctly given. SPECIAL OFFER: Land Shells, 50 species (150 specimens) ‘ ‘ ; Five dollars. sy sa 100 A (300 an ) : ‘ : Twelve ,, Marine ,, 50 i (150 3 ) ; ; : Five * 7 os 1008-5; (300 45 ) ; 4 ; Twelve ,, Y. HIRASE, KYOTO, JAPAN. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD. Vol. VII. No. 2. JUNE, 1906. Price 5s. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. EDITED BY BH. A. SMITH, I.8.0., F.Z.S. Inder the direction of the Publication Committee. AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS. @) Qaxjadaw as gaate ye Papers continued :— PAGE On asmall collection of Land and Fresh-water Shells from Uganda, PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE Annual Meeting: Feb. 9th,1906 60 Ordinary Meetings : with descriptions of new species February 9th, 1906) s.ec.ccssssso 61 of Martensia and Limicolaria. 1750 1 U1 ae ae a 62 By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8. _ Moriches os 63 (Era ry ee ccpasessasstespsearnesastest ontrves ints 88 : Searels a laa On new species of Polyplacophora Obituary Notices. (Plate VI.).... 64 from South Australia. By N : W. T. Bepnaut and E. H. VY. ae Marrurws. (Plate IX.)....... 91 Cassidaria rugosa. ByA.REYNELL 67 Ona species of the Land Molluscan On SE ares By E. A. an ee By BS MIMI pa MSD CO) ss sense stsescsecvecorsnesososice 68 ieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin- inte ee Pilsbryella. By Ss se Deane 93 yon ING ett paras ianccont sor eSCripuions Spey 2 ale ne Land Shells from Peru and PAPERS :— Colombia and two new species inti ; of Curvella from the Philippine Descriptions of thirty-one Gastro- ede Be So Poa Courk poda and one Scaphopod from Plat XI Sie: Meee ge the Persian Gulf and Gulf of ( ate ) conavacs ¢ ccesecsencesesenes : f sence ez Oman. By J. C. Metvitt, Note on Swainson’s genus Voluti- M.A., F.L.S. (Plates VII lithes. By R. B. Newton, Ti, \10 Sb aoe 69 F.G.S. (Plate XID.) wees 100 th arks on the genus Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of ae loritie, with deceptions of a Proposed new subgenus eleven new species. By G. K. (Mallwwium) of Amalthea, Gupe, F.Z.S. (Plate XIII.) 105 eee a MREN ILL, On the occurrence of Vertigo VIIA pp bied as Sere (EAS 2) eacterscesceere 81 parcedentata, Al. Braun, in Notes on a Holocene deposit at Holocene deposits in Great Harlton, Cambs. By Rey. Britain. By A. S. Kennarp, R. A. Burien, B.A., F.L.S. F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, (FIgS.) sueoneanne i eee 85 Tei, Gheiterca ee aa ae 119 LONDON: BERLIN : DULAU & CO., 37, SoHo Sauarz, W. R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11, Kanustrasse, N.W. For information concerning the MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON See page iii of this wrapper. CHARGES FOR ADVERTISE MENi OUTSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page . d ; 30s. Half page j : : 15s. Quarter page. : : 7s. 6d. INSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page . : : 20s. Half page : ‘ : 10s. Quarter page . ‘ tS: Walacological Soctety of London. (Founded 27th February, 1893.) Officers and Council—elected February, 1906. President :—E. R. Syxss, B.A., F.L.S. Vice-Presidents: — Sir C. N. E. Enrot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A. HERDMAN, F.R.S.;. W. G. RipEwoop, D.Sc., F.L.S.; B. B. Woopwarb, F.L.S. Treasurer :—J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, 8.W. Secretary :—R. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill, London, W. Editor: —E. A. Smirn, LS.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Other Members of Council :— Rev. R. AsHtncron Buuien, F.LS. ; S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Metnvitt, M.A., F.L.S.; R. BULLEN Newton, F.G.S.; ALEXANDER REYNELL; HENRY WoopDwarD, ESD: Bans. By kind permission of the Council of the Linnean Socrery, the MEETINGS are held in their apartments at Buritineron House, - Piccaptbiy, W., on the sEconD Fripay in each month from NOVEMBER to JUNE. The OBJECT of the Society is to promote the study of the Mollusca, both recent and fossil. MEMBERS, both Ordinary and Corresponding (the latter resident without the British Islands), are elected by ballot on a certificate of recommendation signed by two or more Members. LADIES are eligible for election. The SUBSCRIPTION is, for Ordinary Members 10s. 6d. per annum or £7 7s. for Life, for Corresponding Members 7s. 6d. per annum or £5 5s. for Life. All Members on election pay an Entrance Fee of 10s. 6d. The PROCEEDINGS are issued three times a year, and each Member is entitled to receive a copy of those numbers issued during his membership. [Vols. I-VI, consisting of 37 Parts, and Vol. VII, Pt. 1, have now appeared. Price 5s. per Part. To Members, for personal use only, 3s. per Part, or 15s. per vol.] Further information, with forms of proposal for Membership, may be obtained from the Secretary, to whom all communications should be sent at his private address, as given above. JAPANESE SHELLS, Land, Fresh-water, and Marine. Catalogue sent on Application. Names and exact Localities correctly given. SPECIAL OFFER: Land Shells, 50 species (150 specimens) : ; : Five dollars. ” 55 4 yp LOO), (BOO ss ) : : ; Twelve ,, Marine ,, 50 eA (150 5 ) : : ; Five - » el LOO? 5 aa 300 7 ) 3 5 : Twelve _,, Y. HIRASE, KYOTO, JAPAN. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD. Vol. VII. No. 8. SEPTEMBER, 1906. Price 5s. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. EDITED BY E. A. SMITH, 1.8.0.; F.Z.S. Under the direction of the Publieation Comittee. AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS. GO) SG Bes aS Pee PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE | PAPERS continued :-— PAGE Ordinary Meetings ; Notes on Indian and Ceylonese species of Glessula. By Col. Wiley SUIS, TRON C Shee eee aeons 121 Per Hie Beppo: bal: MUAUIRSE HU LaRoche ree iccosnasstercceesececseeaye 121 (Plnbee RVG): oo teee cect 160 PApErs:— Mollusca of the ‘‘ Poreupine’’ Note on the subgenus Walluvium, Melyill. By Epear A. Smiru, LISD cistceee see ee eee 122 Notes on some species of Mitride, with the description of J. Brettinghami,u.sp. By Encar PAC MO MIEDEEWA Sa) urtsscsersasesstnesiavsevae 124 On some land and fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part II. By the Rev. R. A. BuLLEN, BS Ates Ere lere Ste (EASE), corercsssseesse 126 Report upon a collection of Nudi- branchiata from the Cape Verd Islands, with notes by C. CrossLanD. By Sir Cuaries Extor, K.C.M.G. (Pl. XIV.) 131 LONDON: DULAU & CO., 37, SoHo Savarz, W. Expéditions, 1869-1870. Sup- plemental Notes, Part IIT. By BE. R. Syxus, B.A. (PI. XVI.) 173 On the Dates of Publication of Sowerby’s ‘‘ Mineral Concho- logy’? and ‘‘ Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.” By E. R. SIRES AD ecAlteusectnasascreiareercantarsmtert 191 Note on anew variety (var. longi- spira) of Oliva ispidula. By F. G. Bripeman. (Fig.)......... 195 On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pils- bry. By Prof. H. A. Pussry. (Bio) seagesstsacaacnestancoesn(ueteeresierslanguns 196 On Burtoa Nilotica and its rela- tionship to Achatina, etc. By A. Reynetu. (Plate XVII.). 197 BERLIN : R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11, Karustrasse, N.W. For information concerning the MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON See page iv of this wrapper. CHARGES FOR ADV EPRITSEVE TS OUTSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page . : ; 30s. Half page : ‘ : 15s. Quarter page... : 7s. 6d. INSIDE COVER. Each insertion— Whole page . : ; 20s. Half page : ; ‘ 10s. Quarter page. ; ato. M. ANDRE BONNET 186, BOULEVARD PEREIRE, PARIS, Désire entrer en relation avec ses collégues pour échanges de coquilles récentes francaises et exotiques, et coquilles fossiles éocénes et miocénes de France pour coquilles récentes de tous pays, et fossiles tertiaires. Envoyer oblata. Walacological Soctety of London. (Founded 27th February, 1893.) Officers and Council—elected 9th February, 1906. President :—E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.LS. Vice-Presidents: — Sir C. N. E. Extot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A. HerpMAN, F.R.S.; W. G. Riprwoop, D.Sc., F.L.8.; B. B. WoopwakbD, F.L.S. Treasurer :—J. H. Ponsonpy, F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, S.W. Secretary :—R. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill, London, W. Editor: —E. A. Smiru, I.8.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell. Road, London, S.W. Other Members of Council :—Rev. R. AsHineton BuLien, B.A., F.L:S. ; S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.; R. BuLLEn Newton, F.G.S.; ALEXANDER ReEYNELL ; HENRY WooDWARD, ELD; ERS: By kind permission of the Council of the Linnean Socinty, the MEETINGS are held in their apartments at Buriincron HOUvsE, PiccaDILLy, W., on the SECOND FRIDAY in each month from NOVEMBER to JUNE. The OBJECT of the Society is to promote the study of the Mollusca, both recent and fossil. MEMBERS, both Ordinary and Corresponding (the latter resident without the British Islands), are elected by ballot on a certificate of recommendation signed by two or more Members. LADIES are eligible for election. The SUBSCRIPTION is, for Ordinary Members 10s. 6d. per annum or £7 7s. for Life, for Corresponding Members 7s. 6d. per annum or £5 5s. for Life. All Members on election pay an Entrance Fee of 10s. 6d. The PROCEEDINGS are issued three times a year, and each Member is entitled to receive a copy of those numbers issued during his membership. [Vols. I-VI, consisting of 37 Parts, and Vol. VII, Pt. 1-3, have now appeared. Price 5s. per Part. To Members, for personal use only, 3s. per Part, or 15s. per vol.] Further information, with forms of proposal for Membership, may be obtained from the Secretary, to whom all communications should be sent at his private address, as given above. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD. Vol. VII. No. 4. MARCH, 1907. Price 5s. PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. EDITED BY EH. A. SMITH, 1.8.0., F.Z.S. Inder the direction of the Publication Committee. AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE PAPERS. (CGA PE a SHIN a Ee PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE | PAPERS continued :— PAGE Ordinary Meetings : Description of a new species of November 9th, 1906 .................. 201 Latirus. By J. C. Metvii1, Mecembervl4 phy eee cee 201 Ju aod Nal Dinsce CNG) tarde tl 217 January Tilia? USK O (ie eekeee re 202 On the Anatomy. of Tagelus gibbus Nores:— and ZY. divisus. By H. H. On Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of a Dosinia. By E. A. Smire, [-S8.0.° (Wigs.).............., 203 On Paludestrina Jenkinsi. By PpPAC OMIM. ACS. O8 cose 208 On Glessula parabilis. By Colonel Bea ETO EDD ONDE feceectestvgtecserevsce ss 204 PAPERS :-— Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South For- mosa. By E. A. Surru, 1.8.0. ONES) ey ee ea rene 205 Description of a new subgenus and species of dlyceus from Ke-lan-tan. By H. B. Preston, Hee erie (CE ea) os asanesasussseesesssasacter 206 Descriptions of some Tertiary shells from New Zealand. By H. Surer. (Plate XVIIL)..... 207 Descriptions of six new species of shells and of Leptomya lintea, Hutton, from New Zealand. By H. Suter. (Plate XVIII.) 211 LONDON : DULAU & CO., 37, Sono Savarz, W. Buoomer. (Plate XIX.)........... 218 Description of two new species of Helicoid Land-Shells from German New Guinea. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.8. 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