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Sectional Library
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
VOLES Welt
1906—1907.
NOTICE
——~L_
AFTER CAREF
INNER MARGIN AND TYPE OF
Se ey pe pe
Proc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VI, Frontispiece
PRESIDENT 1895 anp 1896.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
EDITED BY
Kh. A. SMITH, 1S.0,, F:2Z.S:
Under the direction of the Publication Committee.
VOLUME VII.
1906—1907.
AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE
PAPERS.
LONDON : BERLIN:
DULAU & CO., R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN,
37, Sono Sauarz, W. 11, Karusrrassz, N.W.
190%.
DATES OF PUBLICATION, VOL. VII.
No. 1 9th March, 1906.
No. 2 29th June, 1906.
No. 3 5th October, 1906.
No. 4 3rd April, 1907.
No. 5 25th June, 1907.
No. 6 12th September, 1907.
CONTENTS OF VOL. VII.
PROCEEDINGS :—
PAGE
Ordinary Meeting, Nov, 10th, 1905... .- .. 2. i.. a 1
3 A Dec. 8th, a Poe Pea nee 9 Re 1
a Po ears 2th AlOOGh ee hie Oe cd alu glue, NC?
mums Meetings (Heb; 9th, 5° 2. 2) 3: w= Ms “2: 2. ' 60
Ordinary Meetingmuebrmothy a0 ay 2a ak cs, ol ee, ca, | ll
fg P. Marie Oth aera cee ie ce Mee een a Seen Ww ven em 2,
. ee ANIEUNGED eee) Vel et bane esos) eae) 2 Oe
F Pao iavglithy be, ah Gis bt euee ye dS) Mpa
4s a JUMeES SNS s dere, ie, Ce Ree ins Pe oe ek ee
2 & INGyee OCIS Weve eter oe ote are ea oO
< Pe Decorah ae rte mas a” ee Nate BO eo)
A 5 Jane Lt O0 7 aa eee Fo oe Bees eee 202
minnual Meeting; Feb: 8th, 4, .: .: «2 «2 +. «+ «« 242
Ordinary Meeting, Feb. 8th, ,,0 .. <2 a: «2 os +. «- 248
55 A Magee Stipend) whe esa oe ae apc eee rode
bs = Writes wt Meee fe Gee fn, pam ke eae
s +3 Manvel Chia ee wee a tae ws ee ee OG
3 e JRO m Ie Ch oe in earn aee a (2 5a okt ge au
vil CONTENTS.
Noves :— PAGE
On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s “ Erd-
und Siisswasser-Gasteropoden.” By B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. 3
On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s “ Die
Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt.” Me Bab:
Woopwarb, F.L.S. aie pus Eee ie : 3
Cement as a Slug-killer! By B. B. Woopwarp, PLS. (ie) ie 4
A Pteropod Alias. By C. Hepuey, F.L.S., & E. R. Syxes, B.A... 5
On the Locality of the Melanotic Helicigona arbustorum exhibited
Nov. 10th. By G. W. Swanton Pee ean i)
On Conus Waterhousee, Brazier, var. By A. F, Kenyon 5
On Voluta papillosa, Swainson, var. By A. F. Kenyon : 6
Cassidaria rugosa. By A. REYNELL.. .. et tee eG
Note on Neptunea antiqua. By HE. A. omen i 8. 0. oe. aR oe els!
On the name Pilsbryella, von Ihering. By Dr. H. von InprinaG . 68
Note on Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of a Dosinia. By
E. A. Suit, 1.8.0. (Figs.) i, Swe hc Ose yy eo
Note on Paludestrina Jenkinsit. By E. A. SmitH, 1.8.0. .. .. 208
Glessula parabilis (Benson). By Colonel R. H. gee F.L.S8.. 204
Note, to correct the name Jousseawmia. By Prof. G.C. BouRNE . 260
A Correction, “By El. H. BLOOMER G3.) 9) ne ee eee OO
The Pairing of Limneea pereger with Planorbis corneus. By W. D.
Lane, F.G.S. ect 3510
Note on an ‘Gotoue with pyenaniue arms. “By E. ne Sains, 7 8. 0, 310
On some Holocene Mollusca from Staines. By J. E. Cooper .. 310
Note on the occurrence of Pearls in Maliotis gigantea and Pecten
sp., from Japan. By E. A. Surru, 1.8.0. ia pis! ate = OU
Note on the name Bourcieria. By E. R. Sykes, B.A. .. .. .. 312
OpituaRY Notices :—
Dr..W. 0. Blanford: “By Ee A. Sure, 1.8.0... 2) eee eee
Captain F. W. Hutton. By EH. A. Smiru, 18:0. <2 2.) 2222 6s
Richard Rimmer! By. BoA. Suita, 1.S:0. .. ..) 3. 22 ee 67
César Félix Ancey. By E. A. Smira, 18.0. .. .. .. .. .. 245
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS :—
What evolutionary processes do the Mollusca show? By B. B.
WoopwarD, F.L.S. A lent coe wey (Ricks aie el eee
PAPERS :—
Descriptions of new species of Drymeus, Amphicyclotus, and
Neocyclotus, from South and Central America. By 8. I. Da
Costa, ~(Rlate 1). t- . ee : Renan 7
Description of a new species of Achatina fr om Mochomalenl Ee
S. I."Da Costa. (Fig.) 2 yay Re eS aS eee
CONTENTS. vii
PAPERS (continued)— PAGE
On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part I.
By the Rev. R. AsHineton Bunien, B.A., F.LS., F.G.S.
(Plated) yn 6s : 12
Description of a new species of Oliva. “iy lis ic ebb a. oe
(Fig.) Lo ne ee Ee Soe eke, Oba
On the Anatomy of nee ee, olen tone atid 8. viridis.
._By H.H.BnooMerR.. . : eee ek SoS
A Revision of the species of Gi astremneee and Tromades occurring
in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea. By J. Cosmo
Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. (Plate III.) Shier aca |: : 20
Description of Cy; oar ema Prestont and Nassa Tindall, L.Spp.,
from Ceylon. By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S. (Fig.) . 29
On some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of Gastropods. By B B. WooDWARD,
F.LS. (Figs.) CP ee =, Vee ol
Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells, probably from
Ceylon. - By-H. B. Preston, F.Z.S8. (Figs.) .. .. .- - 34
Description of a new species of Limnea frome North- Wect
-Australia. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8. (Fig-) Esato Mee | OO
On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and a
remarkable form of Cyprea eruenta, from South Africa. By
Go B Sowerpy, Hils.- (igs) 2. a 8 te 37
Critical remarks on certain forms of Chlor itis, with Rdorptions of
twelve new species. By G. K. Gupn, F.Z.S. (Plates IV
HGH Vioyh tars meal 40
Notes on the Anatomy of South Nene Ireipaiicias wih adsorp:
tions of two new species. By R. H. Burne, B.A. (Figs.) . bl
Descriptions of thirty-one Gastropoda and one Scaphopod oe
the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, dredged by Mr. F. W.
Townsend, 1902-1904. By J. Cosmo Menvixt, M.A., F. LS.
(Plates VII and VIII.) Yes DPN ie cncy ay PAs LS MOS,
Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of a proposed new subgenus
-(Malluvium) of Cnreltie, Schumacher. By James Cosmo
WMimnvirn, MAC His.) (Rigs; o: 7 =. : 81
Notes on a Higleeene deposit at Harlton, arabs, By the Rev. R.
AsHincton Buuien, B.A., F.LS., F.G.S. (Figs.).. .. -. 89
On asmall collection of Land aa Fr sas water Shells from Uganda,
with descriptions of a new species of Martensia and two
new species of Limicolaria. By H. B. Preston. (igs) 2 388
On new species of Polyplacophora from South Australia. By
W. T. Bepnat and E. H. V. Matruews. (Plate IX.) aoe)
On a species of the Land Molluscan genus Dyakia from Siam. By
Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S. (Plate X.) . 93
Descriptions of new species of Land Shells from Peru and Ohare
and two new species of Curvella from the Philippine Islands.
By S. I. Da Costa. (Plate XI.) Sty 28 ste 0-8 ae
Vill CONTENTS.
PaPErRs (continued)—
Notes on Swainson’s genus Volutilithes. 2 R. Butten Newton,
F.Z.S. (Plate XII.)
Further remarks on the genus Chior os it Reiner of
eleven new species. By G. K. Gupg, F.Z.S. (Plate XIIL.)..
On the occurrence of Vertigo parcedentata, Al. Braun, in
Holocene deposits in Great Britain. By A. S. KENNARD,
F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. sl eo eaareh anaes
Note on the subgenus Malluviwm, Melvill. 7. Epe@ar A. SMITH,
1.8.0. fotuehe ; ; :
Notes on some _ species of Mitridee, with ann Senepane of
M. Brettinghami, u.sp. By EDGAR A. Suita, 1.8.0.
On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra. Part II.
By Rev. R. AsHtneron Buuuen, F.L.S., F.G.S. (Figs.)
Report upon a collection of Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verd
Islands, with notes by C. Crossland. By Sir C, N. E. Extoz,
K.C.M.G. (Plate XIV.) ais fais Wages
Notes on Indian and Ceylonese species oF Clesic: By Colonel
R. H. Beppomg, F.L.S. (Plate XV.) ila: @ oer
On the Mollusca procured during the “ Porcupine” Expeditions,
1869-1870. Supplemental Notes, Part III. By E, R. Syxzs,
B.A. (Plate XVI.) res ae
On the Dates of Publication of Bete Soe eMGnee Gontholone ts
and “Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.” By E. R.
SYKEs, B.A,
Note on a new variety (var. longispir 5) of Oliva ispidula: ie F. G.
Bripeman. (Fig.).. ie
On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilabry: By Protea ere A.
PiusBry, Sc.D., etc. (Figs.) ao he
On Burtoa Nilotica (Pfeiffer) and its relationship te Wane ate.
By ALEXANDER REYNELL. (Plate XVII.) ae
Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South Formosa,
By Evear A. Smiry, 1.8.0. (Fig.) .. ae
Description of a new subgenus and species of Alyceus from
Ke-lan-tan. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. (Fig.)
Descriptions of some Tertiary Shells from New Zealand. By
Henry Suter. (Plate XVIII.) -
Descriptions of six new species of shells and of Lenton Wide,
Hutton, from New Zealand. (PlateX VIIL) By Henry Suter.
Description of a new species of Latirus. By JAMES Cosmo
MerLvinn. MAC, Eis. (Bigs) 2.) =... ae ea 14
On the Anatomy of Tagelus gibbus and 7. Histo ie lech
Buoomer. (Plate XIX.) eee
Description of two new species of Helena ands Shells ian
German New Guinea. By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S. (Figs.)..
131
160
173
CONTENTS. 1X
PAPERS (continued )— PAGE
Descriptions of seven new species of Achatina from the Congo
Free State. By S. I. Da Costa. (Plate XX.) .. .. .. 226
A further contribution to our knowledge of the genus Chloritzs,
with descriptions of eleven new species. By G. K. GuDs,
EEAOae (hlate kok), as oar hae 228
Description of a new species of Papitia: Bua ilustrations of
some hitherto pais shells. By G. K. Gups, F.Z.S.
(later kh. )s ci. ed) Se . 934
Descriptions of new non-marine Eells om See rierilane By
Henry Surpr. (Plate XXII.).. .. . zs 236
Notes on the Post-Pliocene Monasea of the Mele Collection:
By A. S. Kennarp, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. .. 261
Notes on some Holocene Shells from Ightham. By A. S%.
KeEnnarD, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. aie, toe OL
Descriptions of four new species of M/elania from New Ireland and
Kelantan. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S. (Figs.) .. .. .. 266
On the Arms of the Belemnite. By G. C. Crick, F.G.S., etc
(Plate: XexTT:) = oc. NO” nee Sul awh ec OO
Relics of Coloration in Fossil Shells. By R. Butten NEwron,
EEGase) (Pla tesXee iy.) ct Sk SP me Se J 5280
Notes on New Zealand Polyplacophora, with desoriptions of five
new species. By Henry Suter. (Figs.) ETE) sons bebtors 293
Descriptions of new marine Mollusca from New Caledonia, at.
By G. B. Sowrersy, F.L.S. (Plate XXV.) es eee 299
Descriptions of new species of Drymcus from Peru, Mexico, etc.
By S: | DaCosta. (Plate XXXVI)... 92. «. <5 «5 304
Description of a new species of Vallonia fio South India. By
Cake GupE,E7.0, (Rigs) sa) 4... 306
Notes on Achatina Dennisoni, Reeve, and A. magnates, Pfeiffer.
By Epe@ar A. Suita, LS. 0. (Fig) Bee Pec ysis a2 ole
Review of the New Zealand Acmeide, with descriptions of new
species and subspecies. By HEnry Suter. (Plate XXVII.) 315
Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Islands. By
Sir Coarues Extot, K.C.M.G. (Plate XXVIII.) .. .. .. 327
Descriptions of new species of Australian anes and Chloritis.
Bye. HOLTON, (Bigs) ta See sss 362
On the presence of a double ae in some species of fe Diighors
group of Ennea. By H.C. Funton. (Fig.) .. .. .. .. 364
to
“I
VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1907.
LISD OF JELUSTRATIONS IN VOLS vir
E
The late Professor T. G. B. Howes, LL.D., F.R.S., President of the =
Society 1895 and 1896 .. .. : . .. .. Frontispiece
Cement as a Slug-killer. Slug track .. 2... ok tiene 4
New Land Shells from Central and South enone (Plate 1) aol ALO
Achatina Jacobi, n.sp. .. .. os. So ee PURE eo ee
Land and Fresh-water Shells from Sunaree "(Plate DT) 2, 92a
Oliva Smith, n.sp. .. .. ENT es ac ng
Cyclostrema from the Persian Gulf, etc. “(Plate LIL) Sas ieee
Niassa Homo) Lindatir, W:Sp. oct. as. ya > pea) ee ee
bMeeding-tracks of Gastropods: 2. 93, 92 ee eee 31-33
Bullia cinerea, Nassa Nevilliana, n.spp. wn Pie fase eed
Marginella subflava, M. eburnea, n.spp. Aut CSE Se ie a
Timnes (Bulinus) egregia, DiSp. 2.5 ae 2 ee eee
Stphonaria cyaneomaculata, n.sp. .. .. .. «2 «. «2 «e 2. 87
Terebra Filmere, Mangilia Beckeri, n.spp. .. .. .. 2... «~~ 88
Cyprea cruenta, var. tortirostris, var. nov. .. .. .. .. .. «.. 989
Species of Chlomtis. (Plates1V and V.) 2. .. 22 .. .. 41, 50
dhethysOperta, DSPs...” ete oer ee, ors tea ee 51, 52
Tethys Burnupi, n.sp. By iin chew hg a ee Se 54, 55
Tethys nigrocincta, Intestine... .. the ie eed
Portrait of Dr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. ‘(Plate VI. ) so Se ae 64
New species of Gastropoda, etc., from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of
Oman. (Plates VII and VIIL. Vie satel gine taste 5 spear aes 74, 80
Malluvium, nov, subgen... .. vB ah ace, wep Gee ee
Holocene deposit at Harlton, Game eee ey a as 85, 86
Martensia Bowker: 1isp: oo .2.. se°-: 2a) ee Oe
Dimicotaria Ponsonbyy.D:Sp. vee) se. en So
TESTO TCR NIOCU DOS ON OMEMEGAMEESE Ao As 84 45 c5 fo os S10)
New South Australian Polyplacophora. (PlateIX.).. .. .. .. 91
Anatomy of Dyakia striata, var. (Plate X.) .. .. .. .. .. 96
New species of Goniostomus, Drymeus, Neocyclotus, and Curvella.
(Plate Xn) ee eh Vee Sar oe Sap eke ae eer!
Tolutilithes muricina, V. pertusa. (Plate XII.).. .. .. .. .. 104
New species of Chloritis, (Plate XIII.) .. .. .. .. .. «. 118
ILLUSTRATIONS,
Clausilia Sumatrana, Mart.
Clausilia robustior, n.sp. Bee
Pterocyclus aspersus, Planorbis Sepoenaee n.Spp. .
Segmentina Kennardi, n.sp. $28 Tensile
Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verd Telende! (Plate XIV.)
New species of Glessula. (Plate XV.) .. Re ee
Shells from the “ Porcupine ” expeditions. (Plate XVI.)
Oliva ispidula, var. longispira, n.var.
Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry
Anatomy of Burtoa Nilotica. (Plate XVII. )
Fistulana mumia me
Calliostoma Formosensis, n.sp.. .
Alyceus (Pincerna) liratula, n.sp. ..
Mollusca, fossil and recent, from New Zealand. (Plate XVIII.)
Latirus (Peristernia) Sowerbyt, n.sp. ie a
Anatomy of Tagelus gibbus and. T. divisus. (Plate XIX.)
Rhytida Bednalli, Coliolus thrix, n.spp.
New species of Achatina. (Plate XX.)..
New species of Chloritis, etc. (Plate XXL.) ais
New species of Mollusca from New Zealand. (Plate XXII.)
Melania Nove-Hibernie, M. Browni, v.spp. . .
Melania Melvilli, M. Kelantanensis, n.spp.
Arms of Belemnites. (Plate XXIII.) .. ae
Colour-markings in fossil shells. (Plate XXIV.)
Ischnochiton luteoroseus, n.sp. ..
Callochiton sulculatus, n.sp.
Chiton Torri, C. clavatus, n.spp.
Onithochiton nodosus, n.sp. : ee nS Sadi:
New Mollusca from New Caledonia etc. (Plate XXV.)
New species of Drymeus. (Plate XXVI.)
Vallonia miserrima, u.sp. :
Liguus (Hemibulimus) magnificus ( Pfr, ).
Acmeeide of New Zealand. (Plate XXVIL )
Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Telandes
XXVIII.) ne er
Planispira ( Trachiopsis) acuticostuta, u.sp.
Chloritis (Austrochloritis) Hedley, n.sp.
Ennea (Diaphora) Méllendorfi. Section
(Plate
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
(Corrected up to March, 1907.)
Adams, Francis E., Carysfort, Shrewsbury.
Aldrich, T. H., No. 1739, P. St. N.W., Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Baldwin, D. D., Hamakuapoko, Maui, Hawaiian Islands.
Bavay, A., 82, Rue Lauriston, xvi‘, Paris.
Becker, Dr. H., Grahamstown, Cape Colony.
Beddome, Col. R. H., F.L.S.,75, West Hill, Wandsworth, London,S.W.
Bednall, W. T., The Museum, Adelaide, South Australia.
Bentley, R. H., Thanet House, 232, Strand, London, W.C.
Bles, E. J., D.Sc., Thornville, Hillhead, Glasgow.
Bloomer, H. Howard, 35, Paradise Street, Birmingham.
Bonnet, A., 55, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris.
Bottger, Prof. Dr. Oskar, M.A.N., C.M.Z.S., 6, Seiler Strasse,
Frankfurt-am-Main.
Breun, Louis A., c/o René de ? Hopital, 159, High Street, Kensington,
London, W.
Bridgman, F. G., 5, Duchess Street, Portland Place, London, W.
Brusina, Prof. Spiridion, c/o Professor Langhofter, Natural History
Museum, Zagreb (Agram), Croatia.
Bullen, Rev. Robert Ashington, F.L.S., Englemoor, Heathfield Road,
Woking, Surrey.
Biilow, C., 86, Zimmerstrasse, Berlin.
Burne, R. H., B.A., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting Hill, London, W.
Burnup, Henry, Box 182, P.O., Maritzburg, Natal.
Burrows, H. W., A.R.I.B.A., 28, Lambert Road, Brixton, London, 8.W.
Buschbeck, E., Karlstrasse ii, Berlin, N.W. 6.
Cairns, Robert, 159, Queen Street, Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne.
Campbell, Archibald, The Collegiate School, Queen’s Park, Glasgow.
Chaplin, J. G., 58, Havelock Street, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Clapp, George H., 325, Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A.
Coen, G. S8., Calle Castorta, Venice.
Collier, E., Glen Esk, Whalley Range, Manchester.
Collinge, W. E., M.Sc., 55, Newhall Street, Birmingham.
Collins, Miss Adah, Earlswood, 35, Highbury New Park, London, N.
Se Edward, The Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay,
India.
Cooke, Rev. A. H., M.A., Aldenham School, Elstree.
Cooke, C. Montague, jun., c/o Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian
Islands.
Cooper, Charles, 138, Queen Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
Cooper, James Eddowes, 68, North Hill, Highgate, London, N.
Cort, Prof. H. de, Rue d’Holbach, Lille, France.
Cossmann, Maurice, 95, Rue de Maubeuge, Paris.
Cousens, H. 8., Tai An, Shantung, N. China.
Cox, Dr. James C., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., 87, Pitt Street, Sydney, New
South Wales.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
Cox, Major P. Z., F.Z.S., H.B.M.’s Consul and Political Agent,
Muscat, Arabia ; ‘c/o Messrs, Gr indlay, Groom, & Co., 54, Parliament
Street, London, S.W.
Crawford, F. C., 19, Royal Terrace, Edinburgh.
Crawford, James, c/o Messrs. J. C. Kemsley & Co., Port Elizabeth,
South Africa.
Crick, C. P., 2, Bowes Villas, Warwick Road, New Southgate.
Crick, G. C., F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell
Road, London, 8. W.
Da Costa, 8S. I., 9, Gloucester Square, London, W.
Dall, William Healey, Honorary Curator Department of Mollusca,
U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Dautzenberg, Ph., 209, Rue de l'Université, Paris.
Digby, Miss Lettice, Kings Ford, Colchester.
Dollfus, Adrien, 35, Rue Pierre Charron, Paris.
Dollfus, Gustave, 45, Rue de Chabrol, Paris.
Dapont, Evenor, Port Louis, Mauritius.
Dupuis, Lieut. F. M. 8. B., 80, Rue Wéry, Ixelles, Brussels.
Ede, Francis J., A.M.I.C.E., F.G.S., Silchar, Cachar, India.
Ehrmann, P., Hartelstrasse 6, III, Leipzig, Germany.
Eliot, Sir Charles N. E., K.C.M.G., Endcliffe Holt, Endcliffe
Terrace, Sheftield.
Etheridge., R., Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S.W.
Farquhar, John, 3, Rose Terrace, Grahamstown, Cape Colony.
Fischer, Henri, 51, Boulevard St. Michel, Paris.
Foote, R. Bruce, F. GS., Ivy Cottage, Yercand, Madras Presidency.
Foster, Miss A. O. S.5 45, Belsize Square, London, N.W.
Freyberg, Cuthbert, 27, Hawker Street, Wellington, New Zealand.
Fulton, Hugh C., Riverside, Kew Gardens, Surrey.
Gabriel, C. J., 293, Victoria Street, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia.
Gathft, J. H., The Commercial Bank, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria.
Gilson, Prof. Gustave, The University, Louvain, Belgium.
Godwin-Austen, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.R.S., Nore, Godalming.
Gude, G. K., F.Z.8., 114, Adelaide Road, London, N.W.
Guerne, Baron Jules de, 6, Rue de Tournon, Paris.
Guppy, R. J. Lechmere, Kinersly, Port-of- Spain, Trinidad.
Gwatkin, Rev. Prof. H. M., LL.D., 8, Scrope Terrace, Cambridge.
Hall, C. M., 33, Goring Road, Bowes Park, London, N,
Hart, J. H., Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Trinidad. |
Haynes, T. Henry, The Montebello Islands, Inslow, W. Australia.
Hedley, Charles, F.L.S., Australian Museum, Sydney, N.S. Wales.
Henderson, J. Brooks, jun., Glenwald, Ballston, Virginia, U.S.A. |
Herdman, Prof. W. A., F.R.S., The University, Liverpool.
Hett, Miss Mary L., 12, Exeter Mansions, Cricklewood, London, N.
Hind, Wheelton, M.D., F.G.S., Roxeth House, Stoke-on-Trent.
Hirase, Y., Kioto, Japan. |
Hoyle, W. E., D.Sc., M.R.C.S., F.R.S.E., Owens College, Manchester. |
Hudleston, W. H., M.A., F.R.S., 8, Stanhope Gardens, London, 8S. W. |
Ihering, Dr. H. von, Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Iredale, T. Ellerkeld, Boundary Road, Merivale, Christchurch,
New Zealand.
LIST OF MEMBERS. O)
Jarvis, P. W., Colonial Bank, Kingston, Jamaica.
Johansen, A. cn D:Ph., M. Se, NG Landskronag: ide, Copenhagen, Sir.
Johnson, C. W., Boston Society of Natural History, Berkeley Street,
Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
Jones, Surgeon K. Hurlstone, R.N., R.N. Hospital, Hong Kong.
Jousseaume, Dri329;, Rue de Gerjov ie, Paris.
Jukes- Browne, Alvin CaS, Floriston, Cleveland Road, Torquay.
Kennard, A. 8., 161, Mackenzie Road, Beckenham, Kent.
Kensett, Percy F., Broadmeadow, Coombe Lane, Wimbledon,
London, 8. W.
Kenyon, Mrs. Agnes F., 291, Highett Street, Richmond, Victoria,
Australia.
Kobelt, Dr. W., Schwanheim (Main), Germany.
Laidlaw, F. F., Ivanhoe Hotel, Bloomsbury, London, W.C.
Lange, H. O., c/o H. Lehmann & Stage, Lévstroede, Copenhagen.
Lawson, Peter, 87, Finlay Street, Fulham, London, 8.W.
Lebour, Miss M. V., B.Sc., Radcliffe House, Corbridge-on-Tyne,
Northumberland.
Leighton, T., F.G.8., Lindisfarne, St. Julian’s Farm Road, West
Norwood, London, 'S.E.
Lightfoot, ae South African Museum, Cape Town, Cape of Good
Hope.
Linter, Miss J. E., Saville House, Heath Road, Twickenham.
Lodder, Miss Mary, c/o A. Dawson, Bank of Australasia, Launceston,
Tasmania.
Longstaft, Mrs. G. B., Highlands, Putney Heath, London, 8.W.
Lucas, B. R., 3, Dyar Terrace, Winnington, Northwich.
MacAndrew, J. J., F.L.8., Lukesland, Ivy Bridge, 8. Devonshire.
Manger, W. T., 100, Manor Road, Brockley, London, S.E.
Marshall, Arthur Grotjan, Clovelly, Park Road, Wallington, Surrey.
Matthews, E. H. V., Post and Telegraph Station, Clare, South
Australia.
May, Dr. T. H., Bundaberg, Queensland.
May, W. L., Forest Hill, Sandford, Tasmania.
McBean, John, P.O. Box, 1146, Johannesburg, Transvaal.
Meiklejohn, Dr. W. J. 8., F.L.8., 105, Holland Road, Kensington,
London, W.
Melvill, J. Cosmo, M. Ne F.L.S., Meole Brace Hall, Shrewsbury.
Monterosato, Marquis A. de, 2, Via Gregorio Ugdulina, Palermo,
Sicily.
Mort, H.S., B.Se., Engineering School, University of Sydney, New
South Wales.
Moss, W., F.C.A., 13, Milton Place, Ashton-under-Lyne.
Murdoch, R., Wanganui, New Zealand.
Newton, R. Bullen, F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, 8. W.
Norman, Rev. Canon Merle, D.C.L., F.R.S., The Red House,
Berkhampsted, Herts.
Pace, 8., F.Z.S., Marine Station, Millport, N.B.
Pannell, Charles, East Street, Haslemere, Surrey.
Pavlow, Dr. Alexis, Professor of Geology, "The Univ ersity, Moscow.
Peile, Major As "The Royal Artillery, Portsmouth.
Pilsbry, Elec. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.
Ponsonby, J. H., F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, 8. W.
4 LIS.f OF MEMBERS.
O Preston, Hugh B., F.Z.S., 53, West Cromwell Road, London, 8S.W.
1893 Pritchard, G. B., 22, Mantell Street, Moonee Ponds, Victoria.
1893 Quekett, J. F., F.Z.S., The Museum, Town Hall, Durban, Natal.
1899 Ramanan, V. V., M.A., F.Z.S., 4 Sami Pillai Street, Triplicane,
Madras.
1903 Randles, W. B., Technical College, Derby.
1901 Reynell, Alexander, 152,Selhurst Road, South Norwood, London, 8.E.
1900 Ridewood, W. G., D.Sc., 61, Oakley Street, Chelsea, London, 5.W.
1905 Ritchie, John, jun., 581, Warren Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
1897 Rolle, Hermann, $9, Koniggratzen Strasse, Berlin, W.S.
O Rosevear, J. Burman, 109, New Kings Road, Fulham, London, 8.W.
O Scharff, R. F., Ph.D., D.Se., Tudor House, Dumdrum, Co. Dublin.
1894 Schepman, M. M., Rhoon, Rotterdam, Holland.
1897 Shopland, Commander E. R., Weeting, Sherringham, Norfolk.
1894 Simroth, Dr. Heinrich Rudolf, Oetzsch-Gautzsch, Leipzig.
O Smith, Edgar A., I.8.0., British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W.
O- Soul, J. 8., 3, Nightingale Road, Clapton, London, N.E.
O Sowerby, G. B., F.L.S., Riverside, Kew Gardens, Surrey.
O Stalley, H. J., Christ’s Hospital, West Horsham, Sussex.
1902 Stevens, R. H., Bradfield, Berkshire.
1900 Stubbs, A. G., The Meads Cottage, Hailey Lane, Hertford.
1893 Stump, E. C., Polefield, Blackley, Manchester.
1894 Suter, Henry, Eden Terrace, Haslett Street, Auckland, New Zealand.
QO Sykes, Ernest Ruthven, B.A., Fairoaks, Addlestone, Surrey.
1906 Thiele, Dr., Konigl. Zoologisches Museum, Invaliden Strasse, 43,
Berlin.
O Tomlin, J. R. le B., M.A., Estyn, Chester ; c/o T. Kensington, Esq.,
Mathon Lodge, West Malvern.
O Turton, Lieut.-Col. W. H., D.8.0., Harley House, Clifton Down,
Bristol.
1894 Verco, Dr. J. C., North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia.
1895 Vignal, Mons. L., 28, Avenue Duquesne, Paris.
1894 Walker, Bryant, 205, Moftat Buildings, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A.
1904 Walker, Commander J. J., R.N., Aorangi, Lonsdale Road, Summer-
town, Oxford.
1905 Watson, Hugh, Bracondale, The Avenue, Cambridge.
O Watson, Rev. R. Boog, LL.D., F.R.S.E., 11, Strathearn Place,
Edinburgh.
O Webb, W. M., F.L.S., 7, Campbell Road, Hanwell, London, W.
1903 Webster, Rev. W. H., B.A., The Hermitage, Waiuku, Auckland,
New Zealand.
1894 Whidborne, Rev. G. F., M.A., F.G.S., Hammerwood, East Grinstead.
1904 Williams, Mrs. Alice L., 593, Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, II1.,
WeSxAz
O Wilmer, Lieut.-Col. L. W., Lothian House, Ryde, Isle of Wight.
1897 Woods, Henry, M.A., F.G.S., Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.
QO Woodward, B. B., F.L.S., 4, Longtield Road, Ealing, London, W.
© Woodward, Dr. Henry, F.R.S., 129, Beaufort Street, Chelsea,
London, 8.W.
All corrections or alterations of address are to be sent to Alex. Reynell,
152, Selhurst Road, S. Norwood, London, S.E.
PRO Orn EN Gs
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 10ra Novemper, 1905,
E. R. Syxes, B.A., President, in the Chair.
George Wynn Westcott was elected a member of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Drymaeus, Aimphicyclotus, and
Neocyclotus, from South and Central America.”? By 8. I. Da Costa.
2. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Achatina from Mashonaland.”’
By 8. I. Da Costa.
3. ‘On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra.”
Part I. By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., F.L.S.
4. “Description of a new species of Oliva.” By F. G. Bridgman.
5. “On the Anatomy of Hnsis macha, Solen Fonesir, and 8. viridis.”
By H. H. Bloomer.
Mr. F. G. Bridgman exhibited specimens of Oliva cuncata, Marrat,
and Olivella mica, Duclos, pointing out the difference between these
two species and referring to the errors that previous authors had made
im the determination of the first.
The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen exhibited scalariform examples of
Helix aspersa, Miill., and of Hygromia rufescens, Pennant; also
a melanotic example of Helicigona arbustorum, Linn.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a series of all the described species and
varieties (except two) of Cataulus from Ceylon, to show the range of
specific variation within one island.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 8ra DecemBer, 1905.
E. R. Sykss, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Charles J. Gabriel, Hugh Watson, B. R. Lucas, Robert Etheridge,
and Ernest Buschbeck were elected members of the Society.
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 1
bo
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The following communications were read :—
1. “A Revision of the Species of Cyclostrematide and Liotiide
occurring in the Persian Gulf and North Arabian Sea.”? By J. Cosmo
Melvill, M.A.
2. ‘ Deseription of Cyclostrema Prestont and Nassa Tindalli, n.spp.,
from Ceylon.” By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A.
3. (1) ‘*On the Dates of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s
‘Erd- und Siisswasser-Gasteropoden,’ 8vo, St. Gallen, 1840.” (11) ‘On
some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of Gastropods.” (i) ‘‘Cement as a Slug-
killer.” By B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.
4. “A Pteropod Alias.” (a) By C. Hedley. (6) By E. R. Sykes, B.A.
5. “Descriptions of four new species of Marine Shells, probably
from Ceylon.”” By H. B. Preston
6. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Limnea from North-West
Australia.” By H. B. Preston.
The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen read a letter from Mr. Swanton
describing the exact locality in which the melanotic Helicigona
arbustorum shown by him at the last meeting was found.
Mr. A. Reynell exhibited specimens of Opeas with eggs in the
oviduct.
Mr. A. S. Kennard exhibited the shell of a Zestacella Mauget from
a holocene deposit at Porlock Weir. The position of the shell led
Mr. Kennard to regard it as native, and not a late importation.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited specimens of Cryptoplax striatus (an
Australian species) from the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, January 127, 1906.
E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Dr. Henry Woodward and Mr. W. Bendall were appointed auditors.
Francis EK. Adams, Louis A. Breun, and C. Montague Cooke, jun.,
were elected members of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. “On the Dates of Publication of C. L. F. von Sandberger’s
‘Die Land- und Stisswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt,’ 4to, Wiesbaden
(C. W. Kreidel), 1870-75.’ By B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.
2. ‘On new species of Siphonaria, Terebra, and Mangilia, and
a remarkable form of Cyprea cruenta, from South Africa.” By G. B.
Sowerby, F.L.S.
3. ‘Critical remarks on certain forms of Ch/oritis, with descriptions
of twelve new species.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.
4. ‘‘Notes on the Anatomy of South African Aplysiide, with
descriptions of two new species.” By R. H. Burne, B.A.
5. ‘On Conus Waterhouseea, Brazier, var.’ and ‘On Voluta
papillosa, Swainson, var.” By Mrs. Kenyon.
NOTES. 3
Mr. 8. I. Da Costa exhibited some new species of land shells from
South America and the Philippine Islands.
The Rey. R. Ashington Bullen exhibited specimens of Glycimeris
pectunculus and Nassa inecrassata from Herm, showing remarkable
colour peculiarities.
Mr. E. A. Smith, 1.8.0., exhibited pieces of chalk and chlorite
schist perforated by Pholas and showing, with exceptional clearness,
striations caused by the prickles of the shell.
Mrs. Kenyon sent for exhibition :—(i) Some specimens of Cyprea
tigris showing longitudinal hair-like lines or strive on the dorsal
surface, for which, in the year 1902, she had proposed the varietal
name lineata. (11) A young example of the so-called Voluta Ken-
yoniana, Brazier, and a photograph of the type, of which the
‘present whereabouts is unknown.” (ii) A young specimen of the
rare Voluta Roadknighte, McCoy, consisting of two normal whorls and
a remarkably large globose protoconch. (iv) A coloured drawing of
Conus pulcherrimus, Brazier, taken from the type in her own collection.
NOTES.
On tHE Dates oF PusuiicaTiIon oF J. D. WitHEeLM Harrmann’s
“ ERD- UND SUSSWASSER-GASTEROPODEN,” 8vo, St. Gallen, 1840. (Read
8th December, 1905.)—Some uncertainty has always been felt concerning
the exact dates of publication of the various parts of this important work.
Reviews of the first seven parts, however, appeared in Js?s, which,
allowing for the obvious misprint with respect to parts 3 and 4, enables
us approximately to fix their dates, while there need be no hesitation
about accepting the date of the concluding part of the work as given in
Engelmann’s “ Bibliotheca Historico- Naturalis,” p. 446 (1846).
Heft 1,2: pp. 1-37, pls. 1-12, 1840. Jszs, xxxiii, June, 1840, col. 487.
» 3: pp. 37-60, pls. 13-24, } 1840 2 :
: pp. 61-116, pls, 25-36, } [i.e.1841}. Isis, xxxv, July, 1842, col. 559.
: pp. 117-148, pls. 37-48, ; ; : =
aa Wane} is ey 1842. Isis, xxxvi, Sept., 1843, col. 720.
: pp. 157-204, pls. 61-72, 1843. Jsvs, xxxvii, Aug., 1844, col. 634.
: pp. 205-227, pls. 73-84, [1844].
SID oe
B. B. Woopwarp.
On THE Dates OF PUBLICATION oF C. L. F. von SANDBERGER’S
“Diz LAND- UND SUSSWASSER-CONCHYLIEN DER VORWELT,” 4to, Wies-
baden (C. W. Kreidel), 1870-75. (Read 12th January, 1906.)—Owing to
the infatuated objection of binders to the preservation of wrappers, the
exact dates of publication of the several parts of this work, a matter of
the utmost importance to specialists on account of the number of new
genera and species involved, have not been ascertainable from an
inspection of any of the copies open to us. Nor, with the exception of
MM. Dollfus & Ramond, to whose work Mr. R. B. Newton has drawn my
attention, have any of the bibliographers given the contents of the parts.
MM. Dollfus & Ramond, in their ‘ Bibliographie de la Conchyliologie du
Terrain Tertiaire Parisien,” 8vo, Paris, 1886, p. 20 (whose statements are
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
reprinted by Mr. Newton, ‘Syst. List of the F. E. Edwards Coll. of Brit.
Olig. and Eocene Moll., ” p. 320, though their source is not mentioned),
attribute 12 instead of 11 parts to the work, and are wrong in other
minor particulars. Through the kindness, however, of Messrs. Dulau & Co.,
communication was opened with the original publishers of the work, and
the following authoritative details have been obtained which set the
matter at rest =
Lief. ne : pp. 1-96, pls. i-xn, 1870.
Me os : pp. 97-160, pls. xili-xx, 1871.
: pp. 161-256, pls. xxi-xxxii, 1872.
a < Eth pp. 257-352, pls. xxxiii-xxxvi, 1873.
» 11: pp. i-viii, 353-1000, 1875.
B. B. Woopwarp.
CEMENT AS A SLUG-KILLER! (Read 8th December, 1905.) — The
accompanying photograph shows the fate that overtakes the unwary slug
that essays a journey over a surface of dry cement. The porous material
simply sucks all the moisture out of its body. and unless the animal can
effect a good retreat it speedily succumbs. The tragedy here shown took
place in the early morning of 13th September last at the back of my
house in Ealing, and was kindly photographed for me by my neighbour,
Mr. C. C. Roberts. The copious exudation of glistening mucous is clearly
shown, as well as the frantic efforts of the unfortunate mollusc to escape
from the sucking action of the cement, by rearing and flinging itself to
one side or the “other, instead of steadily progressing over the surface.
The dead slug is seen at the end of the trail of slime, which was so
tenaciously retained by the cement that it was still visible in November.
B. B. WooDWARD.
NOTES. 5
A Preropop Auias. (Read 8th December, 1905.)—In a recent memoir
on “The Thecosomata and Gymnosomata of the Siboga Expedition,”
Mr. J. J. Tesch touches on the nomenclature of the genus usually known
as Cavolinia. In a footnote (p. 34) he states that a name ‘‘ Goénea,”
which he is unable to verify, probably has priority over Cavolinia, and
in Appendix I he adds that he afterwards consulted the book, and finds
that “the author (Gioéni) proposes, on p. xxiv and p. xxv, that the animal,
which without any doubt must be Cavolinia tridentata, shall be called
after him.” This ambiguous remark suggests that ‘“‘ Gioén7a” was here
legitimately proposed for a Pteropod. But in the “Index Animalium ”
(vol. i, pp. xxvi, 421) Sherborn definitely states that here ‘‘ Gioénaia does
not occur.” The same useful guide assists us to the discovery that
Bruguiére defined and figured (Encycl. Méth., Vers i, p. x1, pl. clxx) as
Guroénia, the gizzard of Scaphanier. If revived, Gioénia apparently should
oust Scaphander. 'Tesch’s citation and Sherborn’s omission of Cavolinia
or Cavolina of Abildgaard suggest that the Swedish author did not use
binomials, and that his name cannot be maintained. But Cavolina of
Bruguiére (op. cit., pl. Ixxxv) is a Nudibranch. What name, then,
Humphrey’s, Lamarck’s, or another’s, shall be given to Anomia tridentata,
Forskal ? C. HEDLEY.
The above note rendered it desirable that some person who had access
to the literature should consider the question. Gioéni’s work, which
appeared in 1783, does not contain any Latin names, and is of no authority
in nomenclature. He dealt with three forms: (a) the gizzard of
Scaphander, afterwards called Gioéuia by Bruguitre; (b) what I take to
be the Anomia tridentata of Forskal; (c) a true Anomia. In 1791
Abildgaard (Skr. Nat. Selsk., vol. i, pt. 2, p. 175) proposed the name
Cavolina for a form which he figured and called C. natans, and which
I consider to be the Anomia tridentata of Forskal. The same year
Bruguiére proposed the same name (Ency. Méth., Tabl. Vers, pl. Ixxxv)
for two forms which are, according to p. 138 of the same work (published
in 1824), Holis peregrina, Lam., and E£. afinis, Lam. The name was
therefore used in one year both for a Pteropod and a Nudibranch.
Bearing in mind the impossibility of deciding at the present day as to
their relative priority, and also that Bruguiére’s name only appeared on
the plate, I consider that Abildgaard’s name should be adopted, as has
generally been done. Gioénia of Bruguiére appeared in 1789 (Ency. Méth.,
Vers, vol. i, p. xii), and related to the gizzard of Scaphander lignaria (see
Deshayes, Ency. Méth., Vers, vol. ii, p. 167). The conclusion, therefore,
at which I arrive is that Cavolina, Abildgaard, is the correct generic term
for the Anomia tridentata of Forskal. E. R. SYKEs.
On tHe Locatitry or tHE Metanotic HeLrcigoNA ARBUSTORUM
EXHIBITED NovemMBER 10TH. (Read 8th December, 1905.)—It occurs in
a hedge-bank on the Corallian between Todber and Marnhull in North
Dorset. A ditch always containing water adjoins the hedge-bank, but the
latter is not particularly damp. The species is chiefly confined to that
part of the hedge which has an undergrowth of ivy. All the specimens
are somewhat darker than usual, but absolutely melanotic forms are very
rare there. I believe only two or three have been as yet found.
G. W. Swanton.
On Conus Warernouses, Brazier,’ var. (Read 12th January,
1906.)-—This variety from the Mauritius differs somewhat in colour from
1 It was pointed out by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, and the meeting generally concurred,
that this so-called species was merely the young state of C. distuns, Hwass.— Ep.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
the type originally described from the Solomon Islands (Proc. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., 1895, p. 471). It is of a light-brown colour with white irregular
blotches at the middle of the body-whorl, which is chocolate brown at the
anterior end. The type, on the contrary, has the white patches distributed
all over the body-whorl. The brown spotting between the tubercles on
the spire are also much darker in the latter than in the variety.
A. F. KEnyon.
On Votura PaAprILtosA, Swainson,’ var. (Read 12th January,
1906.) — This variety is solid, ponderous, and differs from the type
in being longitudinally costate, excepting on the last half of the body-
whorl. Ribs numerous on the upper whorls. The columella swollen in
the middle, with three strong plaits and a fourth obscure one below, as in
typical examples of the species. A, F. Kenyon.
1 It was agreed at the meeting that this variety was inseparable from the Voluta
Kenyoniana, Brazier. This costate variety should therefore stand under the
name V’. papillosa, var. Kenyoniana. Mrs, Kenyon had proposed a varietal
name, which now becomes unnecessary.— Ep.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF DRYMAUS, AMPHICYCLOTUS,
AND NHOCYCLOTUS, FROM SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA.
By 8. I. Da Costa.
Read 10th November, 1905.
PLATE I.
Drymavus Syxkssi, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 1.
Testa elongato-fusiformis, ampliter umbilicata, solidula, albida,
strigis fasciisque fusco-nigricantibus, conspicue fenestrata; spira
acuminata; anfractus 7, leviter convexi, ultimus + longitudinis
zequans, sub lente minutissime transversim striatus ; sutura impressa ;
apertura oblonga, verticalis, intus albida; peristoma album, late
expansum et reflexum, marginibus callo purpureo junctis, columellari
valde dilatato, fornicato. Long. 52, diam.19mm.; apertura 24 longa,
13 lata.
Hab.—Bogota.
This shell, described from a single specimen, resembles a gigantic
D. cognatus, Pilsbry, but differs from that species in many other
respects than mere size, notably in being much thicker, and from its
heavy flaring lip. I have taken the liberty of naming this species
after my esteemed friend Mr. E. R. Sykes, the President of the
Malacological Society.
Drymzvs norasitis, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 2
Testa oblongo-ovata, tenuiuscula, compresse anguste umbilicata;
pallide fulvida, purpureo-fusco irregulariter strigata, et fasciis tribus
fuscis, interruptis ornata ; spira attenuata, ad apicem acutiuscula;
anfractus 6, parum convexi, oblique creberrime plicato-striati, sub
lente transversim minute decussati, ultimus $ longitudinis testi
gequans ; columella recta, violacea; apertura ampla, ovali-oblonga,
intus rufo-violacea; peristoma album, tenue, late expansum, margine
columellari breviter reflexo et appresso. Long. 33, diam. 17 mm. ;
apertura 17 longa, 10 lata.
Hab.—Antioquia, Colombia.
As in other species from this region, a wide range of variability is
noticeable. The distinction in this shell from others in the D. felix
group les in its more ventricose outline, its very narrow perforation,
and especially in the large ovate aperture.
Drymazvs noratus, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 3.
Testa elongato-fusiformis, profunde rimata, solidula, nitida, ir-
regulariter oblique subplicata, flavescens, strigis numerosis flexuosis
castaneis ornata, zona interrupta macularum. subnigrarum notata;
spira pyramidata; anfractus 6, parum convexi, ultimus bizonatus
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
spiram sequans, infra rimam striga nigricante cinctus ; sutura impressa ;
apertura verticalis, oblongo-ovalis, violacea; columella recta, sub-
plicata; peristoma valde expansum, album, marginibus approximatis.
Long. 34°5, diam. 16 mm. ; apertura 17 longa, 11 lata.
Hab.—Antioquia, Colombia.
This shell resembles somewhat D. cognatus, Pilsbry. It is, however,
much thicker and has a more slender form. The umbilicus is deep in
each, but D. cognatus lacks the black streak behind the rimation.
Drymzvs acuminatvs, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 4.
Testa acuminato-fusiformis, subumbilicata, solidula, alba, distanter
purpureo-fusco, longitudinaliter strigata; spira acuminata; anfractus
7z, modice convexi, ultimus # longitudinis teste equans, oblique
fortiter striatus, sub lente transversim minutissime striatus; sutura
impressa; apertura oblonga, subflexuosa, intus albida; columella
recta, violacea; peristoma subexpansum, et antice effusum, margine
dextro arcuato, supra paulo sinuato, columellari subincrassato, breviter
reflexo, appresso. Long. 33, diam. 14mm.; apertura 14 longa, 5 lata.
Hab.—Matto Grosso, Brazil. °
A rather peculiar shell, unlike any known to the writer, who
obtained it at the dispersal of the collection of the late Mr. Miers,
with other Brazilian shells,
Drymzus BELLUS, n.sp. PI. I, Fig. 5.
Testa fusiformi-ovata, anguste umbilicata, tenuicula, nitida, alba,
strigis paucis obscure fuscis ornata, ad apicem rosacea ; anfractus 6,
leviter convexi, leves, vel sub lente minute spiraliter striati, ultimus
$ longitudinis totius equans ; sutura impressa; apertura ampla, ovata,
oblique dilatata; columella reflexa, appressa; peristoma album,
effusum et expansum, intus vivide violaceo-purpureum. Long. 33,
diam. 16mm.; apertura 18 longa, 12 lata.
Hab.—San Martin, Colombia.
This species has many of the characters of the typical form of
D, feliz. In the shape, size, and colour of the aperture it resembles
D. confluens, Pfr., and D. violaceus, Mouss., but lacks the nodule at
the base of the columella, which is present in those shells.
Drymxus pseupo-Fusorpes, n.sp. Pl. I, Fig. 6.
Testa elongato-oblonga, subperforata, tenuis, subpellucida, levis,
nitida, albida, ad apicem rosea, strigis cerulescenti-fuscis, angustis
undatis longitudinalter ornata; anfractus 6, convexi, ad suturam
minute suberenulati, et anguste marginati; apertura oblonga, albida;
labrum tenue, album, leviter expansum; columella subrecta, superne
reflexa. Long. 33:5, diam. 12 mm.; apertura 15 longa, 7 lata.
Hab.—Bogota, Colombia.
Only one example of this form of the group D. fusozdes was obtained,
but there is a shell in the British Museum similar in character
labelled B. fusordes, var. In the opinion of the writer it is specifically
quite distinct.
DA COSTA: SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 9
Dryuzvus aneustus, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 7, 8
Testa elongato-oblonga, perforata, tenuiuscula, levis, nitida, albida ;
strigis ceerulescenti-fuscis, angustis, longitudinaliter undulatis, ornata,
macularum seriebus duabus cincta; anfractus 64, convexiusculy,
ultimus spira paulo brevior; sutura marginata; apertura oblonga,
basi effusa, intus purpurea; columella subplicata, oblique recedens ;
peristoma simplex, late expansum, marginibus callo tenui purpureo
junctis. Long. 31°5, diam. 10; apertura 14 longa, 6°5 lata.
Hab.— Bogota.
The nearest ally of this form is D. fusoides, Orb., a much thinner
and broader shell. This unique specimen is not in very fresh
condition, the marking being somewhat indistinct. It is incorrect
to state that D. fusovdes is peculiar to Bolivia, the writer having
specimens from both Ecuador and Colombia.
Drymzvus Preston, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 9, 10.
Testa elongato-ovata, perforata, tenuiuscula, nitida, albida, strigis
nigro-castaneis longitudinaliter picta, anfractus 64, convexiusculi,
irregulariter striati, ultimus # teste squans; sutura marginata ;
apertura ovalis, peristoma crassiusculum, yix expansiusculum, roseum ;
columella breviter dilatata, rosea. Long. 21, diam. 10 mm. ; apertura
10 longa, 6 lata.
Var. cANCELLATA. Fig. 10.
Testa similis, sed brevior, zonis tribus cinctus.
Hab.—Chiriqui, Panama.
This species bears a strong resemblance to D. trazuensis, Angas, and
is represented by several examples hitherto unnamed in the British
Museum. I have much pleasure in naming this pretty shell after my
friend Mr. H. B. Preston.
AmMPHIcycLoTus CHAaNncHAPOYASENSIS, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 11-18.
Testa ampliter umbilicata, orbiculari-depressa, epidermide decidua
ustulato-castanea induta ; spira conico-depressa ; anfractus 44, undique
spiraliter lati, ultimus lineis incrementi fortiter striatus, ad peri-
pheniam saturate fusco fasciatus; apertura circularis; peristoma
simplex; operculum corneum, arctispirale. Diam. maj. 27, min.
21 mm.; alt. 17 mm.
Hab.—Chanchapoyas, Peru.
This species somewhat resembles A. Guayaquilensis, Sow., from
Ecuador, in its spiral sculpture; it is, however, a larger shell.
Among several specimens received one example shows a variation
in respect of altitude, being much more depressed, all the other
features being the same as the type. This would appear to be the
only species of the genus hitherto discovered in Peru.
Neocyctorus pEepressus, n.sp. Pl. I, Figs. 14-16.
Testa aperte umbilicata, plane depressa, subdiscoidea, fulvescenti-
olivacea, supra peripheriam pallida, ad peripheriam linea fusca cincta ;
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4}
anfractus 4, ad suturam impressi, oblique filoso-striati; apertura sub-
circularis ; labrum subexpansum; operculum testaceum, arctispirale.
Diam. maj. 27:5, min. 19°5 mm. ; alt. 13 mm.
Hab.—Peru.
A very depressed species. Two others only are recorded from Peru,
viz. VV. Bartletti, Pir., and connivens, H. Adams, both quite small
shells.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fie. 1. Drymeus Sykest, n.sp.
as ee: 5 notabilis, n.sp.
Ape Gk sn notatus, N.sp.
weet. ae acuminatus, 0.sp.
3 A bellus, n.sp.
a9) (Os BA pseudo-fusoides, D.sp.
Figs. 7, 8. a angustus, N.Sp.
Fie. 9. ¥ Prestoni, v.sp.
ie Oe * an var. cancellata.
Figs. 11-138. Amphicyclotus Chanchapoyasensis, 0.sp.
5, 14-16. Neocyclotus depressus, n.sp.
!
Proc. Matac. Soc.
~
14. 15.
» A.H.Searle del.et lith
NEW LAND SHELLS
AND SOUTH
Vor. VU, Px.1.
FROM CENTRAL
AMERIGA.
Huth, imp.
11
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA
FROM MASHONALAND.
By S. I. Da Costa.
Read 10th November, 1905.
ACHATINA JACOBI, D.Sp.
Testa ovato-subfusiformis, ventricosa, imperforata, tenuis; an-
fractus 8, longitudinaliter rugoso-striati, priores sub lente minutissime
egranulati, ultimus lineis impressis paucis reticulatus, stramineus,
strigis castaneo-brunneis fulguratis, spiram paulo superans; apex
obtusus ; sutura subcrenulata; columella recta, leviter torta, oblique
truncata; apertura parum obliqua, angulate-ovalis, intus plumbea;
peristoma simplex, acutum, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro
nigrescenti-marginato. Long. 109, diam. 54mm.; apertura 56 longa,
26 lata.
Hab.—Rusape, Mashonaland.
This would appear to be a common species from the large number
of specimens received in all stages of growth. Young examples
apparently resemble A. Studleyi, Melv. & Pons., figured in the
Proceedings of this Society, Vol. II, p. 291. Whether the adults
exhibit similar affinities or not, they can hardly be specifically the
same, seeing the enormous distance which separates the habitations of
the two, viz. Mashonaland and Old Calabar.
ON SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA FROM SUMATRA.
PAR Tle
By the Rev. R. Asurneron Butten, B.A., F.L.S., F.G.S.
Read 10th November, 1905.
PLATE II.
Te shells recorded in this communication have been collected during
the Spring and Summer months of 1905 in various localities in mid-
Sumatra, and reached me during July and August. A further series
will arrive later and be dealt with in a future paper.
The sequence followed in this paper is that adopted by Dr. E. von
Martens in Max Weber’s ‘‘Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in
Niederlandisch Ost-Indien,”’ Band ii (1892), pp. 209-264, and Band iv,
Heft 1 (1897), pp. 1-331.
CycLopHorus (CrossopomMa) PLANORBULUM, Lamarck.
Hab.—Mount Sago.
CycLtopHorus (AmpLus) Eximius, Mousson.
Hab.—Mount Sago.
Dark variety.
Var. Rovyrst, n.var. Pl. II, Figs. 1, 2.
Testa subdepresse turbinata, permodice umbilicata, subsolida, superne
spiraliter multum subelevate striata, ad peripheriam subcarinata, infra
striis etiam multis spiralibus paullum elevatis, sculpta; periostracum
ornamento et subfusco et castaneo stictum, infra fuscatum; anfractus 5,
tres priores convex1, apicem satis prominentem formantes, duo sequentes
subconvexi; sutura leviter impressa; apertura ceruleo-albida, rotun-
data, oblique descendens ; peristoma angustum, subcrassum, expansum,
vix reflexum, ceruleo-albidum, margine columellari late expanso et
reflexo, umbilicum plus minus obtegente; operculum corneum, multi-
spirale. Diam. max. 50, min. 41 mm.; alt. 40°5 mm.
Hab.—Mount Singalong.
These specimens are somewhat like, but smaller than, typical
C. eximius, the shell being more closely whorled, the columella being
regularly widened so as almost to cover the umbilicus; the body-whorl
is also more rotund and the spiral ridges are more rounded, and there
are more of them on the under-surface of the body-whorl. In one
specimen of C. eximius from Mount Sago there is a widening of the
columella, but it is not symmetrical as in the form under discussion,
and is more in the nature of an abnormality than a regular widening.
The new shell differs in many essentials from C. validus, Sow., and
its varieties from the Philippines, and C. appendiculatus, Pfr. The
above description is put forward as provisional. M. Henri Rouyer has
BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 13
advised Mr. H. C. Fulton that this shell was being described as
CO. eximius, var. Ouwenst, Koll., in Batavia, but the record has not yet
come to hand, and as M. Rouyer sent it to me as a species to be
identified in July, 1905, I describe it with the above reservation.
CyctopHorus (SaLpINGorpHorts) PLICIFERUS, Martens.
Hab.—Mount Singalong.
_ A very dark specimen, the body-whorl being very much malleated
on the upper surface.
Mreatostoma (Coprocuettus) Sumatranum, Dohrn.
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
Purina (Evpuprna) supersa, Pfeiffer.
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
Stunted specimens.
XeEsTA CORNICEN, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 3, 4.
Testa anguste perforata, tenuis, subpellucida, flavide cornea, lineis
incrementi tenuibus striisque spiralibus obsoletis sculpta ; spira brevis,
ad apicem paulum elata; anfractus 43, tres superiores convexiusculi,
ultimus ad peripheriam rotunde angulatus, supra angulum et ad
suturam canaliculatus; apertura angulatim late lunata; peristoma
tenue, margine columellari supra umbilicum breviter reflexo. Diam.
max. 23, min. 17°5mm.; alt. 12 mm.
Hab.—Mount Talang.
This specimen is not unlike X. glutinosa, Metcalfe, but it trumpets
much more, and is a more fragile shell.
TrocoomoreHa Donertyt, Aldrich.
Not in Von Martens’ lists.
Evrora (Precrorropis) Sumarrana, Martens.
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
Srenocyra Hastata, Boettg.
Hab.—Mount Merapi.
Not in Von Martens’ lists. It is a Javanese species also.
Suputina ocrona (Chemnitz).
Hab.—Pajakombo. From banana plantations.
These specimens, like some received from Java, seem to contain ova.
Crausit1a (PHapusa) Sumatrana, Martens, var. vicarta, Sykes.
Hab.—Mount Sago.
Ciausrtra corticina, Von dem Busch.
Hab.—Pajakombo.
More rugose than type.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Limya BrRevisprra, Martens.
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
The sender describes these specimens as ‘‘ de la petite marre.”” But
the latter word is not in Contanseau’s French Dictionary: ‘ marais’
would be understandable ; ‘ marre’ is perhaps a local French variant.
Limna Excavata, Mousson.
Hab.—Mount Sago.
Liuyza Bonesonensts, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 5, 6.
Testa producte ovata, tenuis, fusco-cornea; anfractus 4, convexi,
lineis incrementi striati; anfractus ultimus elongatus, tumidus, ad
suturam non impressus, notis transversis pellucidis pallide corneis
pictus ; spira brevis, erosa; apertura subpyriformis ; columella
tortuosa, fusco-castanea, intus nitida, fusco-cornea ; labium super
regionem columellarem late appressum ; peristoma simplex. Long. 21,
lat. 12 mm.
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
Isrpora Sumatrana (Martens).
Hab.—River at Souliki.
Exterior much stained by impure water of habitat. Dr. E. von
Martens! described this species as having seven whorls, but three
specimens (figs. 27-29) are figured with six only. These latter agree
with mine, which have a similar number.
Pruanorsis prociivis, Martens.
Hab.—Mount Singalong.
AmputtaRIA Sumartrensts, Phil.
Hab.—F¥rom the rice-fields, Pajakombo.
Vivieara Sumarrensis, Dkr. |
Hab.—Pajakombo, and river at Piladang.
Dark variety.
Metanta Inpraatrica, Martens.
Hab.—River Indragiri, and a variety from the River Kwantan, an
affluent of the Indragiri.
Meranra (Prorra) scapra, Miiller.
Hab.—Brook at Piladang.
Merania (Prorra) patura, Dohrn.
Hab.—Brook at Pajakombo.
MEtaNIA DISTINGUENDA, Brot. |
Hab.—River of Pajakombo.
1 Zool. Ergeb., Band iv, Heft 1, p. 8, pl. i, figs. 26-29.
BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA, 15
Metania pacopa, Lea.
Var. cosrunatTa, Schepman,
Hab.—River of Pajakombo.
Sr a 1
Metania Savrnteret, var., Morlet.
Uelania Savinieret (Brot MS.), Morlet: J. de Conch., 1884, p. 330,
pl. vu, fig. 2.
Hab.—River of Pajakombo.
Metanra curvicosta, Martens.
Hab.—River of Mount Merapi.
Var. Presronrana, n.var. PI. II, Fig. 8.
~s En ae
Testa typo similis sed minor, levigata; cost longitudinales,
obsolete, strie et lines incrementi plus minus delete; color fuscus ;
anfr. ? , superiores abrupti; reliqui 38-4 convexiusculi; anfractus
distalis clausus. Long. ad 25:5, diam. max. 11 mm.
Hab.—Mount Merapi.
Smaller than type, ribs obsolete, spire truncated, and distal whorl
sealed.
Metanra Javanica, Von dem Busch, var.
Hab.—River Kwantan, affluent of the Indragiri.
Meranta trata, Benson.
Hab.—River of Mount Bongson.
Merania susppiicata, Schepman.
Hab.—River at Souliki.
MeELanta unrFascrata, Mousson.
Hab.—River at Souliki.
Metania Syxest, nsp. Pl. II, Fig. 7.
Testa pyrgiformis, epidermide fusco-olivacea induta, longitudinaliter
costata, costis nodosis ad apicem ; sutura impressa ; anfractus 9 convex,
ultimus liris quatuor spiralibus basi cinctus; peristoma tenue, ali-
quantum incrassatum ad columellam non-productam ; apertura elongate
elliptico - rhomboidalis, simplex, intus pallide- olivacea, pellucida.
Long. 21, diam. max. 6 mm.
Hab.—Piladong and the Souliki Range.
Unio Sumarrensis, Lea.
Hab.—Rivers Indragiri and Kwantan.
Unto PasakomBoensis, n.sp. Pl. II, Figs. 9-11.
_Testa solida, ovata, tumida, inequilateralis, antice et postice leviter
hians, nitida, flavido - fusco - viridis; valve postice decliviter sub-
rotundatz, concentrice substriate ; umbones propinqui, erosi; dens
anterior cardinis valve dextre longus, erectus, declivis, fere leyis,
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
interdum cum dente parvo auxiliari parallelo juxta marginem ex-
ternam sito; dens posterior elongatus, duobus paribus dentes duo
posteriores valyze sinistre seque elongati; dens anticus interiore pzene
obsoletus ; cicatrix antica alta, postica minime profunda; ligamentum
prominens. Long. 77, alt. 51°5, diam. 37 mm.
Hab.—River at Pajakombo.
Corsicuta Moussonr, Desh.
Hab.—River Kwantan, affluent of the Indragiri, and the Souliki Range.
One Corbicula from the River Kwantan is not included in this
paper, as its affinities are not at present quite clear.
My best thanks are due to Mr. E. A. Smith for access to the speci-
mens and literature in the British Museum, and to Mr. E. R. Sykes
for the loan of a specimen of Cyclophorus pliciferus and for useful
information.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Fies. 1, 2. Cyclophorus (Amplus) eximius, var. Rouyeri, n.var.
»5 3,4. Xesta cornicen, n.sp.
+ 5,6. Limnea Bongsonensis, n.sp.
Fig. 7. Melania Sykesi, n.sp.
a 8. Melania curvicosta, var. Prestoniana, n.var.
ae 9. Unio Pajakomboensis, n.sp.
ne 10. Hinge of right valve.
nA 11. Hinge of left valve.
1
i}
f
I
a
Proc. Marac.Soc. Vor Vile re le
oO. e).Green delet lith
LAND & FRESHWATER SHELLS*> FROM SUMATRA.
17
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVA.
By F. G. Bripeman.
Read 10th November, 1905.
Oxtva SMITHI, 0.sp.
Shell ovately cylindrical, with a short acuminate spire; whitish,
with a reticulation of zigzag lines, some being light brown, others
very dark rich brown, interrupted here and there by longitudinal
greyish-blue streaks, especially towards the labrum ; whorls 7-8, the
3 to 4 apical ones constituting the protoconch, corneous, and somewhat
convex, the rest flatly sloping or even faintly concave, more or less
blotched with dark brown above, and divided by a deeply channelled
suture; the last whorl with curved outlines and with the basal
fasciole more or less lineated or blotched with brown; aperture
somewhat narrow, dark purplish within, but white at the labrum ;
columellar side with about fifteen to eighteen transverse plicee or lire
upon a defined white callus, which at the anterior end is reflexed over
| the whorl as in other species of the genus. Length 22, diam. 10 mm.
Hab.—Unknown.
Here and there the reticulate markings are interrupted by longi-
tndinal greyish streaks as if indicating periods of arrested growth.
The above are the dimensions of the largest specimen seen. Another
example equally adult is 18°5 mm. in length and 8°5 mm. wide.
The two specimens which are now in the British Museum, and
which may be considered typical, have been in my possession some
months, and were thought by me to be Oliva ‘ stedleta,’ Duclos, until
four more specimens were sent me by Mr. Tomlin, of Chester. I then
showed them to Mr. Smith, who after carefully comparing them with
the figure and description of 0. stelleta given by Duclos in Chenuw’s
work, came to the conclusion, with which I quite agree, that this
shell is not Duclos’ O. ste/leta, but a new species.
As I am indebted to Mr. Smith for first determining and then for
very greatly assisting me in describing it, I have given it the most
appropriate name of Smithi.
Ww
VOL. VII. —MARCH, 1906.
ON THE ANATOMY OF ZNSIS MACHA, SOLEN FONESTI,
AND S. VIRIDIS.
By H. H. Broomer.
Read 10th November, 1905.
By the kindness of Professor E. Ray Lankester, F.R.S., Director of
the British Museum, and Mr. Edgar A. Smith, I.8.0., I have been
enabled to examine the following species :—
1. Ensts macwa, Molina.
E. macha resembles £. ensis, but is more massively built. It is
comparatively shorter, broader, and deeper. The edge of the posterior
end of the proximal portion of the siphon is quite straight, while in
EH. ensis it curves a little anteriorly at the centre. The fourth
aperture is longer, and situated nearly in the centre of the ventral
surface ; in /. ensis it is more posterior.
The muscular flaps enclosing the pedal aperture are larger and
curve more inwardly than in Z. ensvs.
The anterior adductor muscle is not so broad, but has a greater |
increase in depth towards the posterior end. ‘The distance from the
posterior adductor muscle to the end of the proximal portion of the ©
siphon is not so great as in /. ensis. In the free portions of the siphon |
(which are longer than in £. ensis) the walls of the two chambers are
concresced for some distance. The tentacles bordering the siphonal —
apertures are not nearly so numerous as in Z. ensis.
Internally, though the alimentary canal resembles that of Z. enszs,
the fore-part of the stomach is different. The central cavity is |
situated more anteriorly, the pyloric division is larger, and the
cesophageal and the cardiac divisions are smaller. The muscular |
ridge separating the two last-mentioned divisions, and which appears
as a continuation of the muscular papilla, is much more pronounced,
while the cesophageal division projects more anteriorly.
2. Soren Fonestt, Dunker.
Solen Fonesii resembles S. vagina. The following are the points of
difference :—
The animal is proportionately shorter and deeper, the length being |
only four and a half times the depth. The anterior edge of each |
mantle-lobe is straight, not curved as in S. vagina, and runs a little |
antero-ventrally. The muscular flaps of the pedal aperture are |
broader and are capable of entirely closing it. Their exterior surface |
is coloured a brownish black in the specimen examined; a part of the
free portion of the siphon has been broken off, but what remains shows |
the transverse ribbing to be finer and closer, and to be coloured the
same as the muscular flaps of the pedal aperture. A narrow band of |
BLOOMER: ON SPECIES OF ENSIS AND SOLEN. 19
_ this pigment traverses the ventral edge of the mantle-lobes, and a still
narrower one passes from the siphon along the greater portion of the
dorsal integument.
The anterior adductor muscle is relatively longer and deeper, but
not nearly so broad as in S. vagina, thus making the anterior part of
_ the animal considerably shorter.
3. SoLEen viripis, Say.
S. viridis also resembles S. vagina, differing from it in being
‘ comparatively deeper and more attenuated at the posterior end. The
pedal aperture has a greater curve and extends a little more posteriorly
on the ventral surface. The centre of the posterior part of the
| proximal portion of the siphon curves a little anteriorly, and around
the posterior edge of it is a narrow brownish-black band.
A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND
LIOTIIDHZ OCCURRING IN THE PERSIAN GULF AND NORTH
ARABIAN SEA.
By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.
Read 8th December, 1905.
PLATE III.
More than four years have now elapsed since a catalogue of those
species of Lvotva and Cyelostrema then known to occur in the Persian
Gulf and contiguous seas was published,’ and already the number has
been nearly doubled. No apology, therefore, seems necessary for
again approaching the subject and offering a revision to date. This
additional material has been entirely received from Mr. Frederick W.
Townsend, whose indefatigable powers of research, both as regards
Mollusca and other branches of zoology as well, e.g. ichthyology,
have already in their results eclipsed the efforts of previous in-
vestigators in this region. As regards this particular instance, the
majority of the species now added, three of which are differentiated
as new, came from shell-sand dredged in the Gulf of Oman at
a considerable depth, a memorable haul indeed, having already
brought to light about one hundred species hitherto unknown to science.
It has been a matter of some surprise that no typical species of
Teinostoma, A. Ad., has yet occurred. It will be noted the name
Vitrinella, C. B. Ad., will be in this paper employed subgenerically,
and after much deliberation I believe this the correct course to take.
Instituted in the year 1850 by Professor C. B. Adams for a series of
small, widely umbilicated, often hyaline, mostly smooth, spiral shells
from California and other West American shores, Vitrinella was much
added to by Dr. Philip Carpenter in his Mazatlan Catalogue, and
subsequently by Mr. Andrew Garrett in dealing with species from the
Pacific Isles.? At the best, however, it ranks as an obscure genus,
and consists, we believe, in greater part, of an ‘olla podrida,’ from
which several Cyclostremata and Adeorbes might be extracted. But
few are figured, and many have as their types unique dead dredged
examples, confessedly imperfect, not easy of access, and therefore,
from a scientific point of view, comparatively worthless.
It may not be generally known that the celebrated author of |
Midshipman Easy,” etc., Captain F. Marryat, C.B., —
‘¢ Peter Simple,” <‘
F.R.S., was the founder of the genus Cyclostrema in the year —
1818, his type being the rare C. cancellatum,*? Marryat, from the |
Philippines.
1 Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. ii (1901), pp. 345-347.
2 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1873, p. 213, pl. xxi, figs. 138-17.
3 Captain Marryat considered the genus feminine, his type being given as C. cancellata,
but if derived from ké«Aos and tpjua, as is probable, it must be of the neuter |
gender.
|
|
|
|
|
|
MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDH® AND LIOTIID®. 21
In conclusion, I would tender my best acknowledgements to
Mr. R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S., for information as to fossil species
of the families under discussion; likewise to Mr. Edgar A. Smith,
1.8.0., and Mr. Ernest R. Sykes, F.L.S.
Family CYCLOSTREMATIDZ.
Genus CYCLOSTREMA, Marryat.!
1. CychosrrEMA ANNELLARIUM, Melvill & Standen.
Cyclostrema annellarium, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol. xii (1903), p. 292.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
Distinguishable by its rounded longitudinal riblets, twenty-four in
number on the last whorl, the mterstitial surface being microscopically
spirally striate.
2. Cycbosrrema carrnatum, H. Adams,
Cyclostrema carinatum, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1878, p. 207,
pl. xxiii, fig. 8
Hab.—Persian Gulf, lat. 26°.44’ N., long. 52° 30’ E., on telegraph-
cable, 40 fathoms, sand and mud ; also Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N.,
long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
A solid though small species, many spirally ribbed, with smooth
interstices, the ribs being incrassate. Mouth on slightly oblique plane.
Not very abundant.
3. CycLostreMa crneuLAtuM, Dunker.
Cyclostrema cingulatum, Dkr.: Malak. Blatt., vol. vi, p. 225.
8 Dunkeri, Tryon: Man. Conch., vol. Def Us 1.
Hab.—Persian Gulf; Gulf of Oman, lat. 26° 23’ N., long. 54° 55’ E.,
25 fathoms, sand ; also Bombay (Abercrombie, 1892).
A somewhat obscure species, thrice strongly carinate on the
periphery, below the suture, and around the umbilicus. Shell
shining, white. The name cingulatum has been several times
employed in this genus. It is a question whether Dunker or Philippi
in this have priority.
4, CychosrreMA crncuLirerum, A., Adams.
Cyclostrema cinguliferum, A. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 43.
Hab.—Karachi.
A species with six acute ribs on the last saihesil white, deeply
_umbilicate, discoidally depressed. Not common.
5. CycbLostREMA EBURNEUM, Nevill.
Cyclostrema eburneum, G. & H. Nevill: Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 101, pl. viti, figs. 21, 22.
Hab.—Persian Gulf: Bushire, Reshire, Kishm Island. Mekran
Coast: Charber, 7 fathoms, sand and mud.
1 Trans. Linn. Soc., vel. xii (1818), p. 338.
bo
bo
PROCKEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The thickly keeled periphery, narrow umbilicus, and_ spirally
striated interstices, with sculptured base, distinguish this handsome
species, which is large for the genus.
Nearly allied to, if not absolutely identical with, the original type
of the genus C. cancellatum, Marryat, which, however, is an Antillean
species.
6. CycLostrema Exieuum, Philippi.
Cyclostrema exiguum, Philippi: Zeits. fiir Malak., 1849, p. 25.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
One specimen, without much doubt referable to this species, the
type having been described from Aden. It is, though small, an
elegant form, the body-whorl being ornamented with four keels, which
are crossed by close longitudinal riblets, giving a gemmulate appearance.
7. CyctosrremA GyaLum, Melvill.
Cyclostrema gyalum, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi, p. 54, pl. v,
fie. 22.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
Very small, but most conspicuous for the thrice-keeled body-whorl,
the keels large proportionately and very acute, the umbilicus being
particularly profound.
8. CycrosrremMaA Hensamense, Melvill & Standen.
Cyclostrema Henjamense, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol. xit'( 1903); p: 291, plaxx, mips.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Henjam Island, 10 fathoms, amongst coarse
sand and broken shells.
This species is on the borderland between the genus in which it is
placed and Lzotia; the body-whorl is noticeable for its seven carine,
closely radiately intersected by slanting riblets, beaded at the points of
junction.
9. CycLostrEmA micans, A. Adams.
Cyclostrema micans, A. Ad.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 44.
an pulchella, Dunker: Malak. Blatt., vol. vi (1860), p. 225.
Liotia pulchella, Dunker.
Hab.—Karachi (F. W. T.); Bombay (A. Abercrombie).
On the borderland between Lvotia and Cyclostrema, the body-whorl
possessing three spiral beaded costule, the umbilicar region being |
likewise much decorated with two or three other similar rows, the |
umbilicus itself being small. Near C. anaglyptum, A. Ad., or
C. ocrinium, M. & S.
10. CycLosrreEMA NovEM-caRinatuM, n.sp. Pl. ILI, Figs. 3, 3a.
C. testa parva, profunde umbilicata, depresso-orbiculari, alba, parum _
nitida, anfractibus 5, quorum 2 apicales vitrei, minutissimi, ceteris —
ad suturas excavatis, antepenultimo et penultimo binis, ultimo an- |
fractu novem carinis (interdum apud suturas duabus minoribus additis), _
MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND LIOTIID. 23
preditis, superficie omni radiatim arctissime striata, apertura circulari,
intus alba, peristomate paullum incrassato, fere continuo. Alt. 1°25,
diam. 3 mm.
Hab.— Gulf of Oman, lat. 24°58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
The whole surface of this little species, which is typically and most
frequently furnished with nine spiral carine on the body-whorl (of
which the sutural and inner umbilicar keels are but weakly developed),
/is minutely radiately, very closely striate, giving it a shagreened and
| silky appearance.
| Though not quite so abundant as C. 5-carinatum, it occurs very
| frequently in the above dredging, but I have not yet noticed it from
| other localities.
11. Cyctostrema ocrinium, Melvill & Standen.
Cyclostrema ocrinium, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. i
(1901), p. 346, pl. xxi, fig. 1.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, lat. 25° 44’ N., long. 52° 30’ E.; likewise on
the telegraph cable at 40 fathoms, mud and sand.
| Icopy the remarks written by myself at the time of description :
| “This exquisite and very delicate Cyclostrema is slightly comparable
| with C. anaglyptum, A. Ad., from Japan, but is smaller, not so
/ conical, and destitute of spiral ribs. The longitudinal riblets are very
| close and fine, say, 26 in number on the basal whorl, five-angled,
| that surrounding the umbilicus at the base being the strongest and
| most conspicuous. Regular rows of shining gemme on the costule at
the point of the angular projections take the place of spiral lire ;
| the interstices are plain, vitreous, white; mouth circular, peristome
| continuous, outer lip crenulate; columellar margin not reflexed over
| the umbilicus, which is deep and conspicuous.”
12. CycnostrEMA PRoMINULUM, Melvill & Standen.
| Cyclostrema prominulum, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol. xii (1903), p. 292, pl. xx, fig. 6.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
One of the rarer species, of which but two or three specimens have
occurred. It is conspicuous for being unusually strongly carinate at
the periphery of the body-whorl, the rest of the surface being
uniformly multilirate.
13. CycLostREMA QUADRI-cARINATUM, Melvill & Standen.
Cyclostrema quadri-carinatum, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc.,
vol. 11 (1901), p. 346, pl. xxii, fig. 2.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 49’ N., long. 55° 56’ E., 225 fathoms,
sand and mud.
This small shell, four-keeled only on the body-whorl, has not yet
been found elsewhere. We have till lately confounded it with the
next species now to be described, and to which it bears a superficial
, resemblance. The remarks made (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii,
. 1908, p. 293) as to the frequency of C. quadri-carinatum must
_ therefore be erased.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
14. CyctostrEMA QUINQUE-CARINATOM, n.sp. Pl. III, Figs. 1, 1a.
C. testa parva, profunde umbilicata, depresso orbiculari, leviuscula,
nitida, albo-lactea, vel, rarissime pallide apud carinas stramineo-tincta,
anfractibus 5, quorum duo apicales, minuti, vitrei, ceteris spiraliter
acuti- carinatis, carinis paullum excavatis, superficie interstitiali omnino
leevissima, nitida, supernis una, ultimo anfractu quinque carinis
predito ; quarum prima infra suturas secunda et tertia apud medium,
quarta peripheriali, quinta circa umbilicum, interdum sed rarissime,
sexta apud medium umbilicare (var. sex- carinatum), videnda, apertura
rotunda, peristomate fere continuo, vix incrassato, simplice. Alt. 1,
diam. 2.55 mm.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
Probably the commonest Gastropod in the above most prolific
dredging. It is very uniform in size and sculpture, but occasionally
possesses an additional keel or stray spiral lira on the umbilicar
region (var. 6-carinatum).
15. Cyctosrrema sotarteLtuM, Melvill. Pl. III, Figs. 5, 5a.
Cyclostrema solariellum, Melvill: Mem. Manch. Soe., vol. vii (1898),
p. 63, pl. 1, fig. 20.
Hab.—Persian Gulf: Fao, Bushire. Gulf of Oman, lat. 26° 23’ N.,
long. 54° 55’ E,, 25 fathoms, mud; with C. ecngulatum, but much
more frequent. Karachi, fine and large (F. W. T.); Bombay (Aber-
erombie). From the last place only worn examples, from one of
which the type was described.
This is a puzzling species, having the aspect of a small Zorinia.
We take the opportunity of refiguring it in two positions, which will
render it recognizable at a glance. Allied to C. Marchei, Jousseaume,
Rey. Zool., 1872, p. 391, pl. xix, fig. 3, from the East Indies, differing
in the umbilicar beading and other points.
16. Cycrostrema supremum, Melvill & Standen.
Cyclostrema supremum, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol, xii (1903), p. 291, pl. xx, fig. 4
Hab.—Persian Gulf, near Fao, and likewise off Bunder Abbas,
5 fathoms, mud bottom.
A very beautiful form, five-whorled, two being apical, the Ta
cancellated, channelled suturally, the body-whorl being thrice-keeled,
with interstices of surface spirally finely striate, about twenty-eight
small ribs in all being present. On the base and around the umbilicus
the shell is nearly smooth.
Subgenus I: VITRINELLA, C. B, Adams."
17. CycLosrreMA CHARMOPHRON,’ n.sp. Pl. III, Figs. 2, 2a.
C. testa minutissima, late et profunde umbilicata, tenui, depresso-
discoidali, albo hyalina, parum nitida, anfractibus 4, nequaquam
angulatis, quorum 2 apicales, vitrei, leves, penultimo et ultimo apud
! Monog. Vitrivella, 1850, pp. 1-10 (gen. propr.) ; Cat. Shells Panama, 1852, p. 184. |
2 yapuopper, ‘ heart-delighting.’
MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDZ AND LIOTIID®. 25
| suturas depressis, deinde ventricosulis, undique sub lente pulcherrime
et arctissime cancellatis, cancillis perminutis, apertura rotunda,
pa stomate tenui. Alt. ‘75, diam. 1:5 mm. '
| Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
A most recherché little species, four-whorled, the two last being
/ somewhat roundly depressed suturally ; the whorl surface, smooth to
| the naked eye, is really most delicately shagreened with microscopic
cancellations. It is of decidedly rare occurrence.
| 18. Cycnosrrema pLacens (Melvill & Standen). Pl. III, Figs. 6, 6a.
| Adeorbis placens, Melvill & Standen: Proc. Zool. Soc., vol. 11 (1901),
Dio, pl xx, tig. 15.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 55’ N., long. 57° 35’ E., 205 fathoms ;
| also lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
| A minute, depressed, umbilicate glassy species, apparently quite
| smooth, but in the most frequent form, which we therefore take as
typical, close microscopical concentric spiral lines occur on the upper
_ portion of the whorls.
Var. compianata, Melvill & Standen (loc. cit., p. 373).
Hab.—Reshire, Persian Gulf.
Surface entirely smooth. This occurred but rarely, and may
| possibly constitute a distinct species. ‘Till fresh material is found,
_ however, it is the prudent course to place it here.
Subgenus IL: LYDIPHNIS,! nov.
| Testa profunde umbilicata, discoidalis, alba, tenuis, anfractus 4,
| quorum apicalis parvus, vitreus, ceeteri undique concentrice tenuilirati,
| ultimus rectus, tribus carinis acutissimis preeditus, quorum superior
carina extra labrum projecta porrectionem trialatam prebet.
Type: Cyclostrema euchilopteron, M. & S.
| 19. Cyctosrrema EvcHILopreRoN, M. & St. Pl. III, Figs. 7, 7a.
| Cyclostrema euchilopteron, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol. xii, (1903), p. 292, pl. xx, fig. 7.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
The squarely-built body-whorl, with three strong keels, most
| prominently ridged, acutely projecting, and terminating in a tri-
angularly winged extension of the upper part of the outer lp,
| presents, I think, characters that merit subgeneric distinction. In
all probability C. Verreauaii, Fischer,? from California, would come
_ under the same category, subgenerically.
Subgenus IIT: DELPHINOIDEA, Brown.’
20. Cyctosrrema EuMARES, Melvill. Pl. III, Figs. 4, 4a.
Cyclostrema eumares, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904), p. 158,
plo xs ties: i las
+ Gr. Aun, dipdw.
* Journ. de Conch., vol. vi (1857), p. 285, pl. x, fig. 18 (as Adeorbis).
3 Delphinoidea, Brown, 1827: Illustr. Conch. Gt. Brit., pl. li.
Tubwola, A. Ad.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 71, in parte.
|
|
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms. |
A smooth, umbilicate, globular species, the umbilicar region being |
excavate, thrice spirally lirate, decussate and crenulate at the points |
of junction of the longitudinal lire ; beyond these spiral lirations the |
base is scratched with what may be lines of growth.
Allied to C. Watsoni, Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. x, p. 94, pl. xxxii,
figs. 81, 82), which was described by Boog Watson as suleatum (Exp.
Challenger, vol. xv, pl. vill, fig. 11), but this name had been already
appropriated by A. Adams.
21. Cyctosrrema EuporeruM, Melvill.
Cyclostrema enpoietum, Melvill: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904),
piloo spl x, wies2
Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
A depressedly globular, very small species, closely spirally lirately
sulcate, umbilicus partly covered by the lingular peristomatal process. |
Probably a member of this section, but, the operculum and soft parts
being still unknown, also conchologically akin to Leptothyra, in the |
family Turbinide.
Subgenus IV: DARONIA, A. Adams.
22. CyYCLOSTREMA suBDIsJuUNCTUM, H. Adams.
Cyclostrema subdisjunctum, H. Adams: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 293,
pl. xxviii, fig. 8.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat; 15 fathoms, muddy |
sand and loose stones. Always local, the range of distribution is |
a wide one, embracing Ceylon, to the Andaman Isles, at which last |
place I have received it from the late Mr. George H. Booley, of |
Port Blair.
The large size, 10 to 12 millimetres in diameter, obliquely rude |
contour, wide umbilicus, some spiral ribs, and, above all, the evolute
body- -whorl, amply distinguish this very curious species.
Genus MICROTHYCA, A. Adams.”
MicrorHyca CRENELLIFERA (A. Adams).
Isander crenelliferus, A. Adams: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix |
(1862), p. 296. |
Cyclostrema (Microtheca) crenellifera, A. Adams: Sowerby’s Thes.
Conch., vol. ii, p. 254, pl. 255, figs. 41, 42 (as Microthyca).
Hab.—Bombay (A. Abercrombie). |
Originally described as from Japan, this very interesting form is |
only known as Indian by one specimen found in shell-sand collected |
near Bombay. We have but little doubt it is specifically the same, |
being a shining white little shell, flattened and slightly angular above, |
with wide spire, and crenulated round the umbilicar region.
1 Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conch., vol. ii (1864), p. 252.
2 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xi (1863), p. 264.
MELVILL: ON CYCLOSTREMATIDA AND LIOTIID®, Dit
It will be observed that this genus was designated by its author
| Microthyca on the plate and Mfecrotheca in the text, as usually written,
jout if derived from jcxpos, 07«y, no doubt the latter is the more correct
|vendering.
Genus LEUCORHYNCHIA, Crosse.'
Levcoruyncuia Crosser, Tryon.
\Leucorhynchia Crossei, Tryon: Man. Conch., vol. x (1888), p. 106,
pl. xxxv, figs. 86a, 860.
Hab.— Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56°54’ E., 156 fathoms.
| I cannot separate these specimens from the Singapore species as
lcollected by Mr. Archer, and described by the late G. W. Tryon in
11888. The only difference, indeed, between ZL. Crossed and the typical
L. caledonica, Crosse, is the absence of a peripheral angle around the
‘body-whorl of the former. The examples, not at all infrequent in
ishell-sand from the above locality, are all unitormly white, shining,
without any striation or marking whatsoever, perfectly smooth, sub-
globose, whorls 38—4, with continuous peristome, thickened basally and
produced into a lingual callosity that very nearly closes over the
“umbilicus.
Genus MORCHIA, A. Adams.?
Morcara Moretetti, Fischer.
|Morchia Moreleti, Fisch.: Journ. de Conch., 1877, p. 202, pl. x, fig. 1.
_ Hab.—Gulf of Oman, lat. 24°58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms.
One of the smallest and most wonderful of shells. It is well figured
_by Fischer, and reproduced equally satisfactorily by Tryon (Man.
;Conch., vol. x, pl. xxxv, figs. 80-82). Only measuring two milli-
“metres in diameter, it presents a quaint appearance, the shell being
depressed, carinated, the keels furnished with a fimbriately crenate
‘edge ; below, the form is like a small Ammonite, the whole coil being
‘plainly seen in the unusually wide umbilicar region ; the aperture is
almost reversed, as in Anostoma. This very probably may be a distinct
| Species ; it is less in diameter by one-third than Fischer’s type; but it
is perhaps best at present not to differentiate it further.
Family LIOTIIDZ.
Genus LIOTIA, Gray.°
Only three species of this family and genus have yet been detected
in the Persian Gulf region, and all occur very rarely and locally.
1. Lioria crparis (Reeve).
Beiphinula cidaris, Reeve: Conch. Icon., vol. i, pl. v, fig. 27; Proc.
| Zool. Soe., 1843, p. 143.
. _Hab.—Angrias Bank, off coast of Bombay. Collected by Captain
W. A. Tindall, of s.s. ‘‘ Patrick Stewart.”
.
iq
1 Journ. de Conch., 1867, p. 319.
2 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. v (1860), p. 301. (Type, M. obvoluta, A. Adams.)
3 Synopsis Brit. Mus., 1840; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 145.
28 PROCKEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
2. Liorra EcHinAcanTHA, Melvill & Standen.
Liotia echinacantha, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vol, xu (1903), p. 293, pl. xx, fie. 9.
Hab.—Persian Gulf; Gulf of Oman, near Maskat, 10-15 fathoms.
This very beautiful shell, which occurred in some numbers at the
above locality, is noticeable for its fluted spines, the nearest ally
perhaps being Z. Briareus, Dall, which I know only by the figure
and description,! but that seems a species of even more ornate
character and sculpture. Both these species, echinacantha and Briareus,
may belong to the subgenus Avene, but the present new form, at all
events, possesses no scarlet radiating coloration on the whorls.
8. Liotta romALEA, Melvill & Standen.
Liotia romalea, Melvill & Standen: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii
(1903), "p.298, plixx, ties.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Sheikh Shuaib Island, 10 fathoms; Maskat,
10-15 fathoms; also Gulf of Oman, lat. 23° 30’ N., long. 57° 10’ E.,
10 fathoms, and lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms, in
shell-sand.
A typical Ziotia, with obscurely five-angled and thickened peristome,
and cancellated whorls, the last whorl thrice spirally keeled.
It remains only to say that Adeorbis, of which genus but two
exponents have yet been noted from these seas, is now by universal
consent removed from the proximity of the Cyclostrematide to a place |
amongst the Teenioglossa, near the Skeneide and Litiopidee.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.
Fics. 1, la. Cyelostrema 5-carinatum, n.sp.
33 2 ae 5 charmophron, .sp.
pO OGs Ap 9-carinatum, N.sp.
i ay eae i eumares, Melv.
55) Does 5 solariellum, Melv.
yy Gh oe Ap plucens, M. & St.
son wndsul@s Be euchilopteron, M. & St.
EEILOS OMS AF Prestoni, n.sp.
1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, vol. xviii (1889), p. 388, pl. xxiv, figs. 4, 5a,
|
:
]
AH.Searle delet lith. A.S.Huth imp.
CrerLoOsTREMA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, Ete.
29
DESCRIPTIONS OF CYCLOSTREMA PRESTONI AND NASSA
TINDALLI, n.spp., FROM CEYLON.
By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.
Read 8th December, 1905.
| Cyctosrrema (Detpainomea) Presront, n.sp. Pl. IIT, Figs. 8, 8a.
C. testa depressa, tenui, cornea, late umbilicata, albo-pellucente,
levi, anfractibus 4, apicali parvo, vitreo, ceteris apud suturas
impressis, ultimo anfractu conspicue semi-evolvente, apertura rotunda,
labro tenuissimo, continuo. Alt. 1°25, diam. 3 mm.
Hab.—Ceylon (H. Nevill).
__A most interesting form. In the evolution of the body-whorl to
some extent comparable with C. (Daronia) subdisjunctum, AS AGS,
found in the same seas. The texture, however, is more that of the
typical species of the section Delphinoidea, Brown, = Tubiola, Adams,
in parte. I do not think, indeed, it can be subgenerically separated
from such species as the British serpuloideum, Mont., excavatum,
Watson, from Culebra Island, West Indies (Challenger Exped.), etc.
[am indebted to Mr. Hugh B. Preston for having supplied me with
several examples of this species, and for aiding me in its elucidation,
and have pleasure in connecting his name with it.
Nassa (Hima) Tinpat1i, n.sp.
|
_N. testa ovato-fusiformi, solidula, ochraceo-cinerea, zonis rufo-
-brunneis indistincte spiraliter cincta, anfractibus 8-9, quorum tres
_apicales vitrei, cinereo-brunnei, levissimi, tertio spiraliter unicarinato,
ceteris apud suturas gradatulis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis nitidis,
gemmulatis, ad ultimum numero 16, omni superficie spiraliter lrato-
suleatis, sulculis arctis, apertura ovata, intus pallide brunnea, vel,
| rarius violascente, labro albo, nitido, extus et intus denticulato,
iy)
0) PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
columella alba, paullum incrassata, dente suturali albo, nitido, |
conspicuo. Long. 13, lat. 6°5 mm.
Hab.—Batticaloa, Ceylon (Captain W. A. Tindall).
The only near ally of this species known to me is WV. Frederici,
Melvill, from Karachi and the Mekran Coast, originally described as
N. Townsendi,’ a name subsequently found to have been already used
by Dall for a Mexican species. In NV. Federici the longitudinal
cost are far more frequent (say 26 on the body-whorl), and likewise |
thinner in texture. In both species the sutural tooth is conspicuous. §}:
The whorls are pale ochreous or ashy-brown, spirally zoned once on |
the upper ones only, just below the sutures, the body-whorl being §-
additionally centrally banded. The spiral sulci are deeply and clearly |
cut, the coste being gemmulate between the points of crossing.
Several examples were collected by Captain Tindall of the s.s. |
‘* Patrick Stewart.”
1 Mem. Manch. Soc., vol. xli (1897), pt. 3, No. vii, p. 1, pl. vi, fig. 1.
a.
if
ON SOME ‘FEEDING-TRACKS’ OF GASTROPODS.
By B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S.
r Read 8th December, 1904.
“Some time since, Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott, of St. Leonards-on-Sea,
‘sent me a spoilt bromide print of a photograph on which a Gastropod,
-evidently a slug, had not only crawled, leaving the usual shining trail
-as it passed, but had fed on the gelatinous surface by the way.
- On the black, over-exposed portions of the print, where the animal
chad browsed, it had eaten right through the surface to the white paper
‘below, thus causing the pattern of the ‘feeding-track’ to stand out
very distinctly (Fig. 1).
Bree le
_ This pattern, formed as the animal moved its head from side to side,
in an arc, whilst feeding, looks like some picture of a branching
| Madrepore, each apparent calyx being the result of a single lick.
These licks are roughly, but not regularly disposed in curved rows
across the line of advance. In shape each lick, of which there were
about 12 to 18 in each row, rudely resembles an inverted V.
When highly magnified, a yet more interesting feature becomes
apparent, for each lick is resolved into a number of some 16 or
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
more parallel strie: the marks left by the individual teeth on the —
radula (Fig. 2).
I am not aware of any precisely similar case to this having been |
recorded. Limpet ‘licks’ and the marks left by Zemnea when |
feeding on the alge on the side of a glass aquarium, are tolerably
familiar, but very few observations on the trails of land mollusea have |
been put on record.
IMs VE
In 1846 Ebenezer Emmons, in the ‘“ Agriculture of New York,”
vol. i, described (p. 68) and figured (pl. xiv, fig. 1), under the name of |
Nemapodia tenuissima, what he at first mistook for a fossil in the fine |
green slate of Salem. Subsequently, however, in the explanation to _
the plates, he admitted that it was the trail of some living animal, |
probably of a Gastropod. |
Professor E, B. Poulton, in 1885 (Mature, vol. xxxiii, p. 176), |
recorded that snails, probably /elix aspersa, had fed off the whitening |
on his greenhouse glass; but he gave no description or figure of the |
trails.
In 1893 Mr. Woodworth (Sezence, vol. xxi, p. 157) described the |
feeding-line of some snails of unascertained species on lichen-covered |
Carboniferous rocks at Attleboro, Mass. ‘‘ These bands or trails,”
which he said closely resembled that figured by Emmons, ‘were |
made up of a series of ereseentic cross-markings, united alternately, |
right and left, with the next adjacent in the series, so as to form |
a continuous, closely pressed, sigmoid line, which in itself constituted
the whole of the trail.”
Five years later Herr E. Rathay, in the Zertschrift fir
Pflansenkrankheiten, Bd. viii (1898), pp. 129-188, described the
tracks left by Helix hortensis when feeding on the Plewrococcus
vulgaris growing on the bark of trees, and the figure of the trails given
by him, here reproduced (Fig. 8), agrees very closely with Emmons’
illustration, and, like it, leaves very much to be desired in the matter
of detail.!
1M. Dollfus gave an abstract of this paper, with a poor reproduction of the figure,
in the Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, tom. xxviii, pp. 211-212.
WOODWARD: FEEDING-TRACKS OF GASTROPODS, 33
- The key to these trails, however, is to be found in the figure of the
feeding-track of Helix aspersa given in Taylor’s ‘‘ Monograph of the
! Land and Freshwater Mollusca of the British Isles,” vol. i (1899),
EiGeros
| p. 260, in which the individual licks are distinct and evidently quite
similar to those left by the slug on the photograph. This figure,
' kindly lent me by Mr. ‘Taylor, is here reproduced (Fig. 4).
ws
e
ee,
gee
¢
Fia. 4.
No further observations on this subject appear to have been made,
though it is undoubtedly one of great interest.
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 3
DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MARINE SHELLS,
PROBABLY FROM CEYLON.
By H. B. Presron, F.Z.S.
Read 8th December, 1905.
Tux four species about to be described formed part of the collection of
the late Mr. Hugh Nevill, and I am strongly of opinion that they were
collected in Ceylon, where he resided for many years.
BULLIA CINEREA, 0.sp.
Shell ovately fusiform; remaining whorls 8, the first two and
a half transversely ribbed, the lower whorls smooth, with the exception
of the body-whorl, which is spirally grooved at the base; dull ashen
grey, with traces of a pale violet band at the periphery ; suture
impressed; peristome varicosely thickened and somewhat dilated at
the base; columella descending in a curve; aperture ovate, reddish
brown within. Alt. 29, diam. maj. 15°75mm.; aperture, alt. 13,
diam. maj. 6 mm.
Hab.—Ceylon (?).
Nassa NEvILLIANA, n.sp.
Shell ovately fusiform, pale yellowish brown, an indistinct band of
darker brown appearing at the suture; remaining whorls 7, trans- |
versely ribbed and spirally grooved throughout, giving the shell |
a beaded appearance, the beading being more noticeable just below |
PRESTON: ON NEW MARINE SHELLS, 39
the suture, owing to the spiral grooves being deeper in this region ;
suture rather deeply impressed ; peristome thin and somewhat dilated
below; columella straight, a callosity joing it with the lip above;
aperture ovate, a row of small denticles appearing inside about 1 milli-
metre from the edge of the peristome; canal short. Alt. 16°25, diam.
maj. 8°75 mm. ; aperture, alt. 7, diam. maj. 3mm.
Hab.—Ceylon (?).
This species appears to be allied to WV. eranea, Melvill & Standen,
from the Persian Gulf,' but is a rather larger and coarser shell than
that species; moreover, V. eranea is much smoother, and does not
present the beaded appearance so noticeable in the present species.
MARGINELLA SUBFLAVA, D.Sp.
Shell pyriform, solid, cream-coloured ; spire obtuse, almost immersed ;
whorls 3; columella bearing 6 or 7 fine plaits; outer lip somewhat
thickened, finely denticulate within. Alt. 6, diam. maj. 4 mm.;
aperture, alt. 5°50, diam. maj. ‘75 mm.
Hab.—Ceylon (?).
The specimens examined vary somewhat in size.
Allied to If dens, Reeve, but differs from that species in the finer
plaits on the columella, in the much finer denticulations of the outer
lip, and in the colouring of the shell, Jf. dens being pure white.
MARrGINELLA EBURNEA, 0.Sp.
Shell narrowly conical, solid, shining, pure white; whorls 4-5;
suture rather deeply impressed; columella five-plaited; outer lip
flexuous and denticulate within. Alt. 5, diam. maj. 2°25 mm.;
aperture, alt. 3, diam. maj. *50 mm.
Hab.—Ceylon (?).
1 Proce. Zool. Soc., vol. ii (1901), p. 410, pl. xxiii, fig. 11.
36
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ZIMNZA FROM
NORTH-WEST AUSTRALIA.
By H. B. Preston.
Read 8th December, 1905.
Liwna (BULINUS) EGREGIA, N.sp.
Shell sinistral, oblong ovate, somewhat solid, semi-transparent white ;
whorls 5, rapidly increasing, finely striated with lines of growth, the |
Jast whorl rather inflated; suture impressed; umbilicus broad and |
deep ; outer lip simple; columella expanded below over the umbilical
region and extending into a thick callosity, reaching to the junction |
of the peristome with the whorl above. Alt. 11°75, diam. maj. 6°5 mm.; |
aperture, alt. 6, diam. maj. 3mm.
Hab.—North-Western Australia.
I was at first inclined to describe the above species as a Physa, but |
Mr. B. B. Woodward having with his usual kindness worked out the ©
radula, and having carefully compared it with that of Physa and |
Limnea, | have now not the slightest doubt that it should be placed ©
in the former genus. This conclusion, I may say, is also in accordance |
with the views expressed on the Australian so-called Physoid forms |
in a paper by Mr. A. H. Cooke.!
1 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, pp. 1386-143.
ele)
wl
ON NEW SPECIES OF SIPHONARIA, TEREBRA, AND MANGILIA,
AND A REMARKABLE FORM OF CYPRAA CRUENTA, FROM
SOUTH AFRICA.
By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.
Fead 12th January, 1906.
Amone a quantity of small shells recently submitted to me for
identification from the Kowie and Pondoland by Dr. H. Becker, of
Grahamstown, the following are worthy of attention :—
SIPHONARIA €YANEOMACULATA, N.Sp.
Testa ovato-oblonga, subdepressa, fusca, albo radiata, maculis parvis
numerosis cyaneis picta, ubique confertissime radiatim striata, con-
centrice rugata; latus dextrum latiusculum, radiatim quadricostatum,
costis albidis; sinistrum angustius, contractum, costis majis numerosis ;
vertex sinistrorsum inclinatus ; pagina interna centralis albida, versus
marginem nigro-fusca, albo radiata, ad marginem dentata. Long. 15,
lat. 10, alt. 4mm.
Haub.—The Kowie.
The principal character distinguishing this interesting species
consists in the numerous bright blue spots upon its surface. The
form of the shell is not an uncommon one in the genus. In describing
it as having four ribs on the right-hand side, I must remark that
there are signs of intermediate ones, which in other specimens may
be more fully developed.
TEREBRA FILMERa, D.Sp.
Testa elongata, pallidissime fulva; spira vix convexiuscula; an-
fractus 114, apicales leves, tertius planatus, longitudinaliter leviter
plicatus, deinde caeteri supra medium obtuse angulati, plicis confertis
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
leevigatis, ad angulum leviter nodulosis instructi; anfractus ultimus 4+
longitudinis teste vix eequans, plicis evanidis; apertura parviuscula ;
columella arcuata, ad basin leviter contorta. Long. 22, maj.
diam. 42mm.
Hab.—Pondoland.
This species is chiefly distinguished by the angle or obtuse keel
above the middle of the whorls, and the numerous plice or riblets,
which are rather oblique above the angle and nearly straight below,
while upon the angle they form small rounded nodules. I have only
seen one specimen, which was collected by Mrs. Filmer, after whom
I have pleasure in naming it.
Manertta Becker, n.sp.
Testa subfusiformis, utrinque acuminata, straminea, postice ad
suturam fusco fasciata; spira acute turrita, apice subpapillari; an-
fractus 7, apicales rotundati, translucentes, sequentes rotunde convexi,
spiraliter suleati, longitudinaliter plicati, deinde obtuse angulati,
oblique plicati, spiraliter confertissime striati; anfractus ultimus
spiram paulo superans, supra obtuse angulatus, infra angulum con- |
vexiusculus, basin versus attenuatus; apertura levigata, ‘mediocriter
lata; labrum acutum, sinu postico latiusculo, profundo. Long. 10,
maj. diam. 35 mm.
SOWERBY: ON SOUTH AFRICAN SHELLS, 39
Hab.—The Kowie.
This shell is of a form pretty prevalent in the genus, and somewhat
similar to IM. Jucksonensis, Angas, but the sinus is much more
pronounced than is usual in the Mangilie, and is more like that of
a Drillia. The shell is of a plain straw colour, excepting towards
the apex, where the sutures are banded with dark brown.
Cyprma CRUENTA, Var. TORTIROSTRIS, Var. NOV.
This curious little shell has the look of a monstrosity, but it seems
to represent a local race, like some of the New Caledonian forms
of different species. It is very much smaller than the ordinary
C. cruenta, of an oblong-ovate form, and the right-hand anterior
extremity is produced into a tortuous beak. The columellar teeth
_ are comparatively few, only 12 or 13, and the labial teeth are
absent or undeveloped. The colour of the shell is light pink, with
_ spots of purplish pink at the margins, and the usual freckling of light
| brown on the back. Long. 12, lat. 7, alt. 5 mm.
Hab.—The Kowie.
The three specimens sent to me by Dr. Becker are very much alike,
but the one of which the dimensions are here given is the largest.
40
CRITICAL REMARKS ON CERTAIN FORMS OF CHLIORITIS, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWELVE NEW SPECIES.
By G. K. Gunz, F.Z.8.
Read 12th January, 1906.
PLATES IV anv V.
Srverat species of Chlor/tis, having been insufficiently defined, and
not properly compared with their allies, are at present little understood ;
and, as a consequence, some confusion exists in collections containing
them. One or two, considered identical with previously descmbed
species, have proved to be distinct; while others, thought to be
distinct, have been found, on closer examination, to be indistinguishable.
In applying myself to these matters, I have been enabled, owing to
the kindness of Miss Linter, Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, Mr. E. A. Smith,
and Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, to study an extensive series of shells
of this genus; and the collections thus examined, together with the
material in my own collection, have been found to contain no less than
twelve new species. Finally, the kind co-operation of Mr. Smith has
enabled me to illustrate one of Pfeiffer’s hitherto unfigured species.
CHLorITIS UNGULINA, L.
This, the earliest known species and the type of the genus, varies
considerably in colour, in the excavation of the spire, and in size. In
a series, placed at my disposal by Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, the
colour ranges from dark chestnut and sienna brown to pale ochreous.
Typically, the spire is deeply immersed, each succeeding whorl
projecting above its predecessor, except the last quarter of the last |
whorl, which is suddenly detlected in front and descends as far as the —
periphery. In some specimens, however, the whorls ascend much
more slowly, and consequently the spire is much less immersed, the
third quarter of the last whorl being below the level of the penultimate
whorl, and the upper half of the last whorl, near the aperture, less |
sloping from the suture to the periphery, giving the shell a distinct |
aspect from above; two specimens, which possess the features indicated,
~ measure only 30 and 32mm, in diameter respectively, and thus they
form a connecting link with
Var. minor, Martens (not Fér.),
which is represented by two specimens from Amboina, measuring
27'5mm., one dark ochreous, the other blackish brown; the umbilicus
is here much less excavated, and the angulation becomes obsolete.
Two other specimens measure only 25 mm.
Another specimen, which was submitted by Mr. Fulton in 1898 to
the late Professor von Martens, was accompanied by the following
remarks from the latter’s own hand: ‘‘ungulina, v. minor, of Férussac,
Beck, Pfeiffer, and myself, but I should have no objection to-day
Proc. Mauac. Soc.
A.H.Searle, del.et lith.
SPECIES OR GHizOrRaliahlSe
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 41
to give it anew name.” As the shell is quite distinct from wngulina,
being much wider in proportion to the axis, having a much less
_ immersed spire, and wider, but not excavated umbilicus, I propose to
_ separate it from that species, and, in according it specific rank, I have
_ pleasure in associating it with the much regretted Professor Eduard
von Martens, in appreciation of his many valuable contributions to
—malacology.
Cutoritis Epvuarpi, nsp. Pl. IV, Figs. 1-18.
Chioritis ungulina, var. minor, Férussac: Histoire, pl. lxxvii, fig. 2
(not of Martens).
Shell umbilicate, discoid, light ochreous brown, paler beneath,
- finely and distinctly striated, a little shining; spire slightly immersed ;
suture rather deep. Whorls 5, rounded, increasing slowly at first,
the last widening suddenly, slightly descending, and suddenly, but
very shortly, deflected in front. Aperture crescentic, oblique; peristome
slightly thickened and shortly reflected; margins approximate, united
by a thin flexuous callus; upper margin slightly ascending at first,
then arcuately descending, basal margin regularly curved, forming
a slight angle with the columellar margin, which scarcely overhangs
the moderate umbilicus. Diam. maj. 26°5, min. 22 mm. ; alt. 15 mm.
Hab.—Moluccas.
C. Eduard: differs from C. ungulina, var. minor, in being smaller and
less high in proportion to its diameter, by the less immersed spire ;
moreover, the last whorl is scarcely deflected in front, more rounded,
not angulated below, and the umbilicus is a little wider, and not
excavated. It agrees fairly with the figures in Férussac’s work,
pl. xxvii, fig. 2, but that measures only 25 mm., whereas von Martens
gives for var. minor 30 mm. (Ost-Asien, ii, p. 280).
No habitat appears to have been recorded, but the shell may be
assumed to occur in the Moluccas,
CHLORITIS UNGUICULINA, Martens, var. FUSCA, N.var,.
The shells in the British Museum referred to by the writer in Journ.
Malac., vol. x, p. 48, and figured on pl. i, fig. 4, appear to differ
from the type in being much darker and smaller, and seem worthy of
varietal rank. A specimen from Buru, in my collection, agrees with
the Museum specimens.
Cutortris Maxrensi, Pfr. Pl. IV, Figs. 2-26.
Helix Martensi, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 193.
This hitherto unfigured species is now figured from the type in the
British Museum by kind permission of Mr. Smith. A specimen sent
to me by Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, measuring diam. maj. 19,
min. 16, alt. 9mm., agrees with the type. A shell in Mr. Ponsonby’s
collection is more solid, and measures diam. maj. 20, min. 16°5,
alt. 10°5mm. Pilsbry (Man. Conch., vol. vi, p. 245) gives the diam.
min. as 14 mm., this being evidently a printer’s error, and should be
16mm.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Cutoritis Motitseta, Pfr.
Helix molliseta, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1862, p. 271.
Pilsbry unites this species with C. circwmdata, Fér. (Man. Conch., |
vol. vi, p. 246). The two, however, appear to me to be distinct, for, |
apart from its larger size, C. molliseta has a narrower umbilicus, and |
the aperture is relatively higher, the spire more deeply immersed, and |
the hairs much more crowded.
Cuxoritis Ponsonsyr, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 7-76.
Shell discoid, thin, yellowish fulvous, with a few transverse, oblique |
paler streaks, and a slight trace of a paler band above, near the suture, |
paler below, finely striated, the penultimate whorl with a spiral row
of superficial but very distinct interrupted sulci nearest the inner |
suture, and a few stray ones nearest the outer suture; the former |
continue indistinctly up the first half of the last whorl. Spire plane, |
suture impressed. Whorls 5, rounded, the earlier ones increasing |
regularly and slowly, the last rather suddenly, and slightly dilated —
towards the mouth, descending slightly and shortly in front. Aperture |
subovate, oblique; peristome whitish, thin, slightly reflected; margins |
approaching, regularly curved, columellar margin slightly overhanging
the moderate umbilicus, receding a little at first, then ascending |
forward. Diam. maj. 22, min. 19mm.; alt. 10°5 mm.
Hab.—Moluccas.
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection.
The present species is allied to C. wnguicula, Fér., but is smaller, |
thinner, and proportionately less high; the whorls are more rounded, |
the last descends less in front ; the aperture is wider and the peristome |
thinner, and less reflexed. The exact habitat is not known, but, as in |
the case of C. Hduardi, there can be little doubt that it belongs to the |
Moluccas.
CHLoRITIS FLEXUOSA, Pfr.
Helix flecuosa, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1855, p. 112.
Helix Ceramensis, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 192.
While examining the type of C. flexuosa, Pfr., in the British Museum,
Mr. Smith called my attention to the resemblance of this shell to )
C. Ceramensis, and, on closer inspection, it was found that both un- |
doubtedly belong to one species, the former being somewhat abnormal |
through having received some injury to the peristome while alive.
The name flexuosa (1855) antedating that of Ceramensis (1861), the
species must be known by the former name, the latter becoming
a synonym.
CaLoritis Macrostoma, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 7-76.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, discoid, somewhat thin, irregularly |
striated, dark chestnut colour, the penultimate whorl somewhat paler, |
shining, and showing traces of very fine spiral sculpture under a |
velvety deciduous cuticle. Spire subplane, suture shallow. Whorls 5, |
increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, subcompressed above |
and below, slightly flattened and obtusely angulated near the suture,
yy
i
}
4
1
GUDE: ON CHZLORITIS. 43
rounded at the periphery; last whorl slightly descending, then
- suddenly and shortly deflected in front, and a little dilated at the
mouth. Aperture rotundate-crescentic, oblique, light purplish livid
within, margins approaching, united by a thickish light-purple
flexuous callus, which bears, near the upper margin, a crescentic
swelling; peristome pale purplish, becoming whitish at the columella ;
thickened, expanded, and reflected; upper margin shortly ascending
at first, then rounded, basal sloping upward, columellar dilated above,
ascending forward, and slightly overhanging the narrow pervious
umbilicus. Diam. maj. 45, min. 37°5mm.; alt. 24mm.; apertura,
lat. 26 mm.
Hab.—Bangaya, off East Celebes.
Type in the British Museum.
This new species can only be compared with C. Gruneri, Pfr., but
that species, although considerably smaller, possesses half a whorl more,
has a more elevated spire, a much more strongly developed peristome,
bears a conspicuous tooth on the callus, and its aperture is more
contracted laterally.
I am indebted to Mr. Smith for allowing me to describe and figure
. this handsome species. Mr. Da Costa possesses a specimen similar to
| the type from the same locality.
CHLORITIS HETEROMPHALUS, Pilsbry.
Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry : Man. Conch., vol. vi, pl. li, figs. 60-62
(no description).
Two specimens, labelled Chloritis sp., sent to me by Messrs.
' Sowerby & Fulton, appeared to agree with the above quoted figures
of C. heteromphalus, a species as yet undescribed, and not included by
Pilsbry in his ‘‘ Guide to the Study of Helices.” I therefore submitted
_ one shell to Professor Pilsbry, who states that C. heteromphalus agrees
|
well with my shell in most respects, and he has no doubt that
they are specifically identical; he adds that the description of his
shell was omitted accidentally. As Professor Pilsbry has undertaken
| to supply a description of the type for these pages, I merely allude to
the species en passant. The two specimens referred to measure:
diam. maj. 29, min. 25, alt. 14 mm., and diam. maj. 30, min. 24:6,
alt. 13°5 mm. respectively.
CHLORITIS EUsToma, Pfr.
Helix eustoma, Pir.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1856, p. 383.
Considerable confusion appears to exist with regard to C. eustoma
and C. ertnaceus. Mr. Smith has expressed the opinion that the two
names represent one species (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885, p. 594), while
Dr. Dohrn (Conch. Cab., Helix, vol. iv, 1879, p. 572, and 1881, p. 602)
considered them distinct. Professor Pilsbry (Man. Conch., vol. vi, 1891,
pp. 251, 253) concurs. Dohrn considered C. erinaceus closely allied
to, if not identical with, C. discordvalis, Fér., which view is adopted
by Pilsbry; the latter species, however, is quite different, having
relatively a much larger diameter and a wider aperture, and the hair-
scars are much more crowded. A careful comparison of the types of
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
C. eustoma and C. erinareus has convinced me that Mr. Smith’s view |
is the correct one. The statement that in C. erinaceus the umbilicus —
is not broadly funnel-shaped as in C. eustoma (Pilsbry, loc. cit.) is not
borne out by Pfeitfer’s original diagnosis. The shell figured in —
Novitat. Conch., vol. ii, pl. xlvii, figs. 3, 4, and badly copied in Man. |
Conch., vol. vi, pl. lii, figs. 88, 89, cannot be the same as the type of |
C. erinaceus, which, it is true, is a little larger and has the spire |
a trifle more raised than C. eustoma, but a long series from various
sources, kindly furnished by Mr. Ponsonby, shows the two extremes
linked by intermediate forms. C. erinaceus, therefore, can only be
accorded varietal rank.
The habitat ‘‘ Marshall Islands” given by Pfeiffer has been called _
in question by Dohrn and Smith, with some show of reason, and as —
the species does not appear to have been found there by subsequent
collectors, it may be advisable to delete this habitat. ;
In colour the species ranges from dull or dark ochreous yellow, |
with white or fuscous peristome, to pale or dark russet, with violaceous _
or fuscous peristome.
Var. ERINACEUS, Pfr.
Differs from the type by its larger diameter (25°5 mm.) and the
slightly more raised spire.
Cutoritis Mortienporrri, Ancey. Pl. IV, Figs. 4—4e.
Chioritis Moellendorfi, Ancey: Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, 1897,
p. 773, pl. xxxvi, fig. 7.
Four specimens received from Mr. W. Schliiter and labelled |
“ ©, erinaceus, Tuom Island’ appeared to me to agree with Ancey’s
description of C. Moellendorfi, though not with the figure, which |
appears imperfectly drawn, and on my sending a specimen to |
M. Ancey he at once pronounced the shell to be his species. To
supplement Mr. Ancey’s illustration, I add three views of the shell |
and one of part of the periostracum enlarged. The shell figured
measures: diam. maj. 20°56, min. 18mm.; alt. 14mm. Another |
specimen measures 18 X 15 X 13 mm., while a more depressed specimen |
from Rubiana, New Georgia, in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection, measures |
18°5 mm. in diameter, alt. 12 mm.
CHLoRITIS SUBTILIS, n.sp. Pl. IV, Figs. 3-3¢.
Shell umbilicated, thin, fragile, subtranslucent, pale fuscous, the |
latter part of the last whorl dark rufous, finely striated, and covered |
with rather crowded, short, stiff, blackish bristles, arranged in quincunx. }
Spire plane, apex slightly immersed, suture rather deep. Whorls 43,
rounded, increasing rather suddenly, the last descending slowly at |
first, then suddenly and shortly deflected in front, slightly constricted |
behind the mouth, and compressed round the umbilicus. Aperture |
roundly lunate, oblique, purplish inside. Peristome thin, shortly |
expanded and reflected, violaceous purple; margins approaching, upper |
margin ascending shortly at first, then descending, arcuate, outer and |
basal arcuate, columella almost straight, dilated above, and slightly |
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 45
overhanging the moderate, deep umbilicus. Diam. maj. 22, min.
18mm. ; alt. 14mm.
Hab.—German New Guinea.
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection.
___ A thin fragile species somewhat resembling C. ewstoma in contour,
but the umbilicus is much narrower and not funnel- shaped, the last
whorl descends more deeply in front, the suture is less deep, and the
last whorl is slightly constricted behind the mouth. It also appears
to be allied to C. Simbangensis, Kobelt (Nachrichtsblatt Deutsch. Malac.
Ges., 1898, p. 93), to which I was at first inclined to refer it.
_ I forwarded a specimen to Professor Boettger for comparison with the
' type of that species, if he had access to it, ‘and he obligingly informed
me that the type was contained in the collection of the late Bruno
- Strubell, part of which passed to Herr Biilow, who, however, cannot
find-it. From the description, C. Simbangensis appears yellowish
| white, the whorls plane near the suture, subangulated at the periphery,
and descending deeply in front, which characters are wanting in the
new species.
CHLORITIS TENEBRICA, Fulton.
Chioritis tenebrica, Fulton: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ix (1902),
p. 316.
The last portion of the penultimate and the whole of the last whorl
are obtusely angulated, and flattened near the suture; the last whorl
is also obtusely angulated below round the funnel-shaped umbilicus ;
these features, not mentioned in the original diagnosis, connect the
: species with C. eustoma. From Mr. Ponsonby I have received two
specimens labelled ‘“ C. discordialis, New Ireland; ex Mus. Sydney,”
i which I refer to Mr. Fulton’s species; they are pale brown with
_a pale fuscous peristome, and one of them is slightly more depressed
in the spire. Three specimens received from Mr. Fulton, ‘‘ ex Dr. Cox’s
collection,” and considered by him to pertain to C. erinaceus, I also
refer to C. tenebrica. One is pale fuscous with a dirty whitish lip ;
it possesses 5 whorls, and measures 27 mm. in diameter, alt. 21 mm.
The two others are darker with violaceous peristome ; the angulation
near the suture is less pronounced; they measure 22 mm. in diam.,
15 alt., and 22 mm. diam., 16°65 alt. respectively. For these I propose
the varietal name pallida.
Two bleached specimens, labelled ‘‘ C. tenebrica, var., New Ireland,”
also from Mr. Fulton, have the umbilicus narrower and the angulation
obsolete, while the last and penultimate whorls are rounded above,
not angulated. This form may be called var. twmzda.
Cuoritis FAausta, n.sp. Pl. LV, Figs. 5—5e.
Shell widely umbilicated, depressed conoid, shining under a
deciduous velvety cuticle, earlier whorls pale fuscous, becoming
reddish brown on the last whorl, faintly striated, covered with slight
| tubercles arranged in quincunx, which, in fresh specimens, are
furnished with short dark bristles. Spire plane, suture deep.
Whorls 43, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, tumid and
subangulated above, rounded at the periphery, obtusely angulated
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
round the wide, funnel-shaped umbilicus, at first ascending a little
above the plane of the spire, then descending gradually and rather
deeply in front; the upper side of the last half flattened and sloping
towards the periphery. Aperture ovate-lunate, oblique, violaceous
purple inside, peristome purplish fuscous, slightly thickened, expanded
and reflected; margins approaching, united by a thin callus, upper
ascending at first, then descending, arcuate, basal and columellar
margins slightly curved, the latter dilated and slightly overhanging
the wide umbilicus. Diam. maj. 28°5, min. 22°56 mm.; alt. 17 mm.
Hab.—New Mecklenburg.
Type in Miss Linter’s collection.
The present species is allied to C. discordialis, Fér. (under which
name it was sent out), but it differs by the less rounded whorls, the
higher axis, wider and funnel-shaped umbilicus, less expanded
peristome, relatively higher aperture, and much sparser hairs.
I have seen three specimens besides the type, one in the British
Museum, one from Mr. Ponsonby, and one from Messrs. Sowerby &
Fulton, the last measuring diam. maj. 26°5, min. 21 mm.; alt, 16 mm.
Curoriris Garmarpi, Desh.
Helix Gaimardi, Desh.: Guérin, Mag. de Zool., 1831, pl. xxix.
The specific limits between this species and C. sedenus, Angas, were
for some time obscure to me, Angas having omitted to compare his
species with its ally. An examination of Mr. Ponsonby’s rich series
of this group, however, has disclosed the existence of two types of
sculpture, one with rows of hair-scars much crowded, the other having
these processes much sparser. One of each type was submitted to
Dr. H. Fischer with a request that he would compare them with the
type of C. Gaimardi if it could be found in the Paris Museum, but to
my regret he was unsuccessful in his quest. The only specimen
found bore the label ‘‘ Helix . . . . Nie Irlande, MM. Lesson et
Garnot.”” Dr. Fischer adds that on the occasion of a visit to the
Museum by M. Ancey he filled in the blank with a pencil note,
‘*Gaimardi, Desh.” ; but it is obvious that this specimen cannot be
considered as the type. Fortunately Deshayes gave enlarged figures
of the sculpture in the Mag. de Zool., 1831, pl. xxix, and in Férussac’s
‘* Histoire,” pl. lxxii, fig. 10, and these figures favour the view that
his species is characterized by the more distant rows of hair-scars,
while the type of C. si/enus in the Newcastle Museum (which, owing
to the kindness of Mr. E. Leonard Gill, the curator, I have been able
to inspect) demonstrated the fact that in that species the hair-scars
are very densely crowded. Several specimens in Mr. Ponsonby’s
collection, however, combined the crowded hair-scars of C. silenus |
with the contour of C. Gaimardi, and as I consider the sculpture of
decided diagnostic value, I have no option but to establish a new |
species on these latter forms. (. Gaimardi may be characterized as |
smaller (diam. 15mm.) than C. szlenus, less conoid, with the last
whorl more convex above, less flattened at the side, the aperture with
the outer margin more rounded, the basal margin less arcuate, and the
hair-scars distant.
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 47
Cutoritis stteNus, Angas. Pl. IV, Fig. 6
Helix silenus, Angas: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 2
This species is generally larger than C. Guana and has the ieee
whorl compressed above, flattened and sloping towards the periphery ;
the aperture is more triangular and relatively higher, the outer
margin straight, the basal arcuate, and the columellar sloping, while
the ‘umbilicus is more obliquely excavated behind the mouth. The
hair-scars are very densely crowded. The enlarged sculpture (Pl. IV,
Fig. 6) is taken from a specimen from New Ireland received by
Mr. Ponsonby from Mr. Garrett. It measures diam. maj.. 18, min.
15°5 mm.; alt. 11:5 mm.
CuLorItTIs consuneta, n.sp. Pl. V, Fig. 5.
Resembles C. Gaimardi in contour and size, but has the densely
crowded hair-scars of CO. sélenus. It has the spire plane or slightly
immersed. Diam. maj. 14°5, min. 13 mm. ; alt. 9°5 mm.
Hub.—New Ireland.
Type in my collection.
The following specimens are in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection : three
specimens labelled ‘‘ Gaimardi, ex Dr. Cox, Solomon Islands,” diam.
16°5, alt. 10°5 mm., and diam. 15°5, alt. 10 mm.; one specimen
“eustoma, ex Dr. Cox, Solomon Islands,’’? diam. 16, alt. 9°5 mm. ;
one specimen ‘‘si/enus, ex Garrett, New Ireland,” diam, 15°5, alt.
9-5mm.; two specimens “ stlenus = ? Gaimardi, ex Dr. Cox, New
Treland,”’ diam. 15°5, alt. 9°5mm., and diam. 14, alt. 9mm. 3; one
“ New Ireland,” diam. 13°5, alt. 9mm.
CHLORITIS FRATERNA, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 6—-6¢.
Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed conoid, pale ochreous, finely
_ striated, covered rather sparsely with short, stiff, dark bristles, arranged
in quincunx. Spire subplane, suture deep, apex not raised. Whorls 4
increasing slowly, rather tumid above, rounded at the periphery,
obtusely angulated round the moderate funnel- shaped umbilicus; last
whorl slightly dilated at the mouth, slowly descending, not deflected
in front. Aperture ovate-lunate, a little oblique, pearly within ;
margins a little approaching. Peristome dirty whitish, somewhat
thickened and expanded, slightly reflected; upper margin arcuate,
outer and basal regularly curved, columellar triangularly dilated and
slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16, min, 14mm. ;
alt. 11 mm.
Hab.—? New Ireland (ex Sydney Museum).
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection.
Chloritis fraterna is more elevated in the spire than C. Gaimardi,
and has a narrower umbilicus; the last whorl is not compressed or
sloping above, does not descend so deeply in front, and it has a more
rounded aperture. C. exigua is more solid, and, although smaller, it
' possesses half a whorl more, while the hair-scars or pits are much more
crowded. Another specimen measures diam. maj. 18, min. 15 mm. ;
alt. 12mm. The shells were received by Mr. Ponsonby as C. silenus.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Cutoritis Exava, n.sp. Pl. LV, Figs. 8—8e.
Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, dark tawny, lightly striated,
densely pitted. Spire subplane, suture deep, apex a little raised. —
Whorls 44, increasing rather slowly, rather tumid above, rounded at |
the periphery, obtusely angulated round the wide funnel-shaped |
umbilicus; last whorl shortly deflected in front. Aperture sub- |
circular, little oblique, dark within; margins a little approaching ;
peristome rosy fuscous, a little thickened, expanded and reflexed; |
upper margin ascending a little at first, then sloping down; outer, —
basal, and columellar arcuate, the latter scarcely dilated. Diam. maj.
12, min. 10-5 mm.; alt. 7°5 mm.
Hab.—New Ireland.
Type in my collection. !
A specimen which could not be referred to either of the preceding |
species has lain in my collection for years. It is smaller and darker |
than any of its allies, has the apex raised, and, compared with |
C. conjuncta, it has a more rounded aperture, and the hair-scars are—
more crowded. |
Cutoritis Cuminel, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 1-1a.
Shell widely umbilicated, convex-conoid, solid, lightly striate,
reddish-brown. Spire conoid, suture margined, apex obtuse. Whorls |
6, convex, increasing regularly, with fine spiral sculpture under |
a deciduous cuticle, the apical whorl minutely pitted, the last dilated |
towards the mouth, shortly descending in front, its latter half scored |
with about six straight, obliquely descending furrows. Aperture |
obovate, oblique; peristome white, thickened and reflected, margins —
subparallel, converging near the body-whorl, united by a thin whitish |
callus; columellar margin ascending at an obtuse angle beyond the |
umbilical angulation. Diam, maj. 56, min. 45 mm.; alt. 36mm.
Hab.—New Guinea (Mus. Cuming).
Type in the British Museum.
This new species is more elevated in the spire and more angulated
than C. rubra, Albers. From C. concisa, Fér., it differs in the shorter |
furrows which are confined to the last whorl. I associate with this |
handsome and striking species the name of the celebrated collector, |
Hugh Cuming, of whose collection the three shells, on which I base |
the species, formed part. They were labelled C. concisa, Fér., until |
Mr. Ponsonby pointed out that they could not be referred to that }
species, and Mr. Smith, with his usual courtesy, now afforded me an |
opportunity of naming and describing them.
Cutoritis BREvIPILA, Pfr. Pl. IV, Fig. 9.
Helix brevipila, Pfr.: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1849, p. 180; Conch. Cab., |
Helix, vol. ii (1853), p. 283, pl. exxiv, figs. 28-30; Mon. |
Helic. Viv., vol. iii, p. 227; Tryon’s Man. Conch., vol. iii, |
pl. 1, fig. 38. \
Several forms have been included under this name by authors, and |
from the numerous specimens labelled with this name kindly placed )
at my disposal by Mr. Ponsonby, and from those in my collection, |
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 49
I am able to separate at least three forms which appear to deserve
specific rank. ‘lhe type of Pfeiffer’s species in the British Museum
has the spire elevated, not flattened; and the rows of hairs are more
distant than in the allied forms. I give an enlarged view of part of
the periostracum near the mouth from one of Mr. Ponsonby’s
specimens. The figures in Cox’s Monograph, pl. v, fig. 2, and
’ Reeve’s Conch. Icon., fig. 777, are badly drawn, and it is impossible
_ to say what species they represent.
CHLORITIS NoVOCAMBRICA, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 2—2c.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed, pale cinnamon brown, finely
striated, covered with very crowded, short, stiff bristles, arranged in
quincunx. Spire shortly conoid, suture shallow, apex obtuse.
Whorls 44 to 44, a little flattened above, rounded at the periphery,
slightly compressed below, the umbilicus a little obliquely excavated
behind the mouth and subangulated; last whorl shortly deflected in
‘front, slightly constricted behind the mouth. Aperture suboval,
’ oblique, margins slightly approaching; peristome white, thin, slightly
expanded, margins arcuate, columellar margin dilated above, and half
covering the narrow umbilicus. Diam. maj. 13°5, min, 11°5 mm. ;
alt. 8°5 mm.
Hab.—New South Wales.
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection.
Similar in shape to C. brevipila, but twice the size, and with the
hairs much more crowded.
Cutoritis pisyuncta, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 3-8e.
| Chloritis brevipila, Pilsbry : Man. Conch., vol. vi, pl. viii, figs. 28-30
(not of Pfeiffer).
Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed, pale corneous, finely
striated, covered with pits or hair-scars, arranged in quincunx, in
fresh specimens probably provided with short hairs. Spire low conoid,
- suture impressed, apex obtuse. Whorls 4, rounded above, swollen
. below, subangulated at the periphery, becoming rounded towards the
mouth. Last whorl shortly deflected in front, scarcely constricted
behind the mouth. Aperture suboval, oblique; peristome thin, a little
. expanded; margins convergent, curved, columellar margin dilated,
) and impinging upon the moderate pervious umbilicus. Diam. 8-9,
“alt. 5-52 mm.
Hab.— Port Stephen, New South Wales.
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection.
Allied to the last species, but smaller, with less crowded hair-scars,
_and wider umbilicus. Compared with C. brevipila it is smaller, the
spire more elevated, the umbilicus slightly narrower, and not excavated
or angulated, and the hair-scars more crowded.
Cutoritis Layarpi, n.sp. Pl. V, Figs. 4—4e.
Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed, pale to reddish brown,
smooth, with a velvety cuticle, covered with rather distant rows of
, Short, stiff, dark bristles, arranged in quincunx. Spire plane, suture
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1906. 4
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
deep, apex scarcely immersed. Whorls 4, rather tumid, slightly |
flattened above the periphery near the mouth, subcompressed round |
the moderate pervious umbilicus, which is slightly obliquely excavated
behind the mouth; last whorl shghtly descending, then suddenly and |
deeply deflected, gibbous and constricted behind the peristome. |
Aperture subcircular, very oblique. Peristome whitish or fulvous, |
thin, slightly expanded, almost continuous; margins regularly curved, |
columellar margin triangularly dilated, scarcely impinging on the
moderate deep umbilicus. Diam. maj. 10, min. 8°5mm.; alt. 5°5 mm.
Hab.—Islands in Torres Straits.
Type in my collection. |
From the late Mr. KE. L. Layard I received two specimens (labelled
C. brevipila), and 1 have pleasure in associating this pretty little
species with the name of this lamented and indefatigable naturalist. |
In Mr. Ponsonby’s collection are three specimens (labelled ‘ C, brevepila,
New Holland’’), which I refer to this species. One of these measures —
diam. maj. 11, min. 9mm.; alt. 6mm. In the same collection are
four other specimens from Cape York, Queensland, and one from the_
Richmond River, New South Wales. |
C. Layardi is easily distinguished from C. brevipila and its allies by | |
the flat spire, almost continuous peristome, and the gibbous crest
behind the peristome.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Prats IV.
Fies. 1-16. Chloritis Eduardi, u.sp.
$9) 220. 5 Martensi, Ptr.
9) 3-00. A subtilis, n.sp.
9, 4-4e. 5 Moellendorfi, Ancey.
> O-de. > fausta, n.sp.
Fie. 6. », silenus, Angas, portion of periostracum enlarged.
Fries. 7-70. »» Ponsonbyi, n.sp.
8-8e. An exigua, N.Sp.
Fig. 9. fs brevipila, Pfr., portion of periostracum enlarged.
PLATE “Vi
Fies. 1-la. Chloritis Cumingi, n.sp.
aot) eee o novocambrica, 2.sp.
>, 93-8e. 53 disjuncta, n.sp., enlarged two diameters.
», 4-4¢. PP Layard, u.sp., enlarged two diameters.
Fie. 5. he conjuncta, n.sp., portion of periostracum enlarged.
Fics. 6—6e. » Jraterna, D.sp.
3 (18. >» macrostoma, sp.
a)
O
an
3)
E
0
O
fG
Au
AH. Searle, del.et Lith.
Gio ORAS.
OF
SPEGHVES
51
NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIIDA,
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES.
By R. H. Burne, B.A.
Read 12th January, 1906.
Ratner more than a year ago, a small collection of Aplysiide,
collected in South Africa by Mr. Henry Burnup, was entrusted to me,
through the kindness of Mr. J. H. Ponsonby, for dissection and
description. To both of these gentlemen I wish to express my thanks
for the opportunity thus afforded me of adding somewhat to the
relatively scanty records of the anatomy of members of this group
of molluscs.
The collection comprised eight specimens belonging to four species,
two of which are apparently new.
TETHYS OPERTA, 0.Sp.
The four specimens of this species (three from Isipingo and one from
Scottsburg) closely resemble each other except in size, and in their
most important external features are so closely similar to Tethys
dactylomela (Rang) and its varieties (especially var. eguorea, Heilprin)
that, were it not for the complete closure of the shell-sac, it would be
unnecessary to consider them as anything but varieties of dactylomela.
Fre. 1.
The least distorted of the four specimens (Fig. 1) had the following
measurements :—Total length, 68 mm. ; breadth in front of the para-
podia, 21 mm. ; height in the middle of the visceral sac, 28 mm.; length
of posterior extremity of the foot behind the parapodia, 9mm.; length
of the attachment of the parapodia to the body, 28mm.; greatest
depth of the parapodia, 14 mm.; breadth between the anterior ends of
| the parapodia, 12 mm.; distance from the anterior end of the parapodia
to the rhinophores, 22mm.; distance between the rhinophores and
anterior tentacles, 12mm. ; breadth between the rhinophores, 5 mm.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The surface of the animal is slightly crinkled, but otherwise smooth.
The parapodia are moderately developed, but do not cover the mantle ;
posteriorly they are united where they meet the foot, the depth of the
union being about 3mm. The mantle is large; its free right-hand
border is turned down for about 4 mm., and posteriorly is suddenly bent
to the left to form a short wide siphon 5mm. in length. The shell-
sac is completely closed, but a minute hollow papilla, near its centre,
indicates the position where the opening should be.
The rhinophores are short, cylindrical, and blunt. Their apices are
hollowed out, the margins of the cavity being irregular. The anterior
tentacles are small, and, as usual, are formed by scrolled projections of
the buceal lobes. ‘The latter are large and of circular form.
The eyes lie 2°5mm. in front of, and slightly lateral to, the
rhinophores.
The anal orifice lies as usual in the siphon. The genital opening is
situated beneath the mantle on a level with the anterior limit of the
gill, at a distance of 12 mm. from the anterior ends of the parapodia,
and 4mm. in front of the large single opening of the opaline gland.
The genital groove takes the usual course to the penis beneath the
right anterior tentacle.
Fig. 2: TGs. os Fic. 4.
The animal is greenish grey, covered with a network of fine —
irregular black reticulations, which in places run together to form |
blotches, or more frequently somewhat vague ring-like markings. |
These are sharply circumscribed, as a rule, towards the centre, but }
outwardly fade off into the general reticulation. The rings are ||
scattered chiefly upon the sides of the body and upon the outer surface |
of the parapodia, the blotches being mainly situated near the margin |
of the foot, a specially definite one marking the upper surface of its |
posterior free extremity. The inner surface of the parapodia is marbled |
with large confluent black blotches. The surface of the mantle is also |
marbled, but very delicately, the depressed free edge being somewhat |
specially pigmented. The sole of the foot is yellower than the rest of |
the body-surface, and is sparingly flecked with small blotches of black |
or brown. i
The shell (Figs. 2, 3) is rather long, narrow, and flat (24 by 16 by )
2°5mm.). It is slightly calcified, showing internally traces of nacre. |
BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIID®. 53
The beak is strongly incurved, and upwardly reflexed. The sinus is
deeply excavated, and extends barely a third the length of the shell.
The colour of the shell is yellowish, owing to the strong periostracum
which extends from 1 to 2'5mm. beyond the anterior border of the
ealcified part
Alimentary canal: The jaws, which have an elongated quadrilateral
shape, are lateral brush-like developments of a continuous delicate
sheet of chitin that encircles the buccal cavity just inside the mouth,
They are covered with slender, rod-like, chitinous processes (Fig. 4),
about ‘2mm. in length, that slightly swell distally, and terminate in
a rounded end.
The radula is of the type common to the family, with a formula of
28: 1: 28, the outer lateral teeth being, as usual, more or less
rudimentary. The median tooth is broad and has three cusps, a
median which is irregularly denticulate along its edge, and on either
side a smaller smooth cusp. The first lateral has one large smooth
cusp; the other teeth, except those quite at the side, have a large
internal denticulate cusp, and lateral to it a smaller smooth cusp.
The buccal mass is nearly globular (9 mm. long by 8 mm. broad).
The csophagus measures 9 by 2mm., and is longitudinally pleated
internally. It leads into a voluminous crop measuring roughly
30 by 12mm., and making one complete spiral twist to the night
before opening into the muscular gizzard. This latter region is, as
usual, very clearly defined externally by the abrupt anterior and posterior
margins of the thick layer of circular muscle fibres of which its walls
are composed. Internally it is armed with two or three irregular
rows of pyramidal horny teeth of different sizes. The gizzard passes
without constriction into the stomach, which in turn gradually narrows
to form the intestine. Two large bile ducts and a narrow cecum
open into the intestinal end of the stomach.
The arrangement of the gut-coils, a character that seems to differ
in different species, resembles very closely that figured for 7. leporina
in Bronn’s Thierreich, Bd. iii, Abth. 2, pl. lxv, fig. 7. The salivary
glands and hepato-pancreas call for no remark.
The opaline gland is of very large size, and is composed of long
transparent conical lobules, which measure about 1mm. in diameter
at their outer ends, and gradually narrow towards a common duct
that opens by a large aperture, as stated previously.
The nervous system has the form normally present in the genus.
The gill and heart are also of the normal type. The first portion
of the aorta is provided with a leaf-like enlargement (erista aorte)
closely attached to the anterior wall of the pericardium. ‘The aorta
occupies the central line of this enlargement, and on either side is
a wing-like expansion,
The reproductive organs are in no way specially remarkable, but it
may be mentioned that the hermaphrodite gland, which is buried as
usual in the right side of the apex of the visceral mass, is rounded,
and the albumen gland is small and sausage-shaped. Otherwise they
very closely resemble the published figures of European species such
as 7. leporina.
fe | PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
¥
Treruys Burnvpl, n.sp.
Of this species (Fig. 5), which I have taken the liberty to name after
Mr. Burnup, there was one specimen only, from Durban. It had the
following measurements: total length, 42mm.; greatest breadth,
15mm.; distance from the mouth to the anterior end of the
parapodia, 11mm. ; length of the parapodia, 30 mm.; greatest depth
of parapodia, 9mm.; distance from anterior end of the parapodia to
the rhinophores, 3mm.; distance between the anterior ends of the
parapodia, 6 mm.; breadth of foot, 7 mm.
The animal has an oval form, with very long but not particularly
deep parapodia. The latter unite where they meet the foot at a
point only 1 mm. from its extremity.
The mantle is large; its anterior limit nearly coincides with the
mid transverse plane of the animal. The shell-sac is completely
closed, without any indication of the position where the opening
should be. The siphon is small.
The rhinophores, which he remarkably close in front of the
parapodia, are short, cylindrical, and blunt; their apices are excavated,
the border of the hollow being irregular. ‘The anterior tentacles,
which are formed by foldings of the buccal lobes, are large and flat,
and, together with the buccal lobes, project laterally in the horizontal
plane.
The genital opening lies on a level with the anterior limit of the
mantle, 3mm. in front of the gill. The opaline gland opens by
numerous minute pores. The anus is in the usual position within the
siphon.
The genital groove has the normal position and appearance. The
eyes lie 1 mm. in front of the rhinophores.
In colour the animal is dusky grey green, flecked with small |
elongated blotches of whitish green, directed for the most part |
longitudinally. The inner surface of the parapodia is dusky green,
marked near the margin by radially disposed patches of whitish green.
The mantle is for the most part transparent, but clouded along its left |
side and around the siphon: with dusky green.
BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSTIIDZ. 55)
The shell (Figs. 6, 7): Unfortunately the calcareous part was broken
to pieces, but the general shape can be recognised from the stout
periostracum. It is of elongated oval form, moderately convex, with
the beak strongly incuryed, and with an upstanding reflected hood.
The sinus is short and moderately concave,
fr .
Fia. 6. Iie, 5 Fic. 8.
The alimentary canal: The jaws lie on either side just within the
mouth. They have an irregularly oval form measuring 3 by 2mm.,
and are covered by chitinous hair-like rods ‘08 millim, in length, with
a pointed and slightly hooked free extremity (Fig. 8).
The radula has the formula 22 : 1 : 22. The median tooth has
a central blunt cusp with denticulate edges, and two pairs of lateral
cusps. The lateral teeth have a long denticulate cusp towards the
median side, and upon the lateral side two smaller smooth cusps.
The teeth are relatively large, being about equal in size to those of
T. operta, although the animal is much smaller.
The alimentary canal otherwise closely resembles that of 7. operta,
but the intestine is longer with similar though more pronounced coils.
The following measurements of the different parts may be noted :—
(Esophagus, 7 mm. long by 1°5 mm. diameter; crop, 17 mm. long by
7mm. diameter; gizzard, 4mm. long, with two rows of thorn-like
chitinous teeth upon its inner surface.
The opaline gland consists of a number of isolated follicles covering
an area of the body-wall below, and slightly posterior to, the genital
opening. It measures 6mm. long. by 4mm. broad, and is more
pointed behind than in front.
Reproductive organs: The only remarkable feature about these
organs is the absence of the seminal vesicle. ‘The albumen gland also
is extremely small.
The gill, mantle-cavity, kidney, pericardium, and heart show no
special features worthy of mention. ‘The aortic appendage (erista
aorte) is large and leaf-like.
This specimen is of somewhat exceptional interest, for in its general
configuration, in the arrangement of the parapodia and mantle, and in
the position of the external openings, in fact, in nearly all its most
important external characters, it resembles the genus Paraplysia otf
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTRTY.
Gilchrist! so closely that I should have unhesitatingly placed it in
that genus, had it not differed slightly from it in the leading feature
upon which the genus was founded, namely, the position of the
rhinophores with regard to the parapodia. In Paraplysia the rhino-
phores lie actually between the anterior ends of the parapodia, whilst
in this specimen they are 3mm. in advance of them. On this account
alone it must, I think, be placed in the genus Zethys, and having
regard to its general similarity in other characters to the genus
Paraplysia, it becomes a question, as suspected by Gilchrist himself,’
whether in reality any hard and fast line can be drawn between the
genera Tethys and Paraplysia.
Terays nreRocrncta (Martens).
Of this species there was one specimen from Scottsburg, Natal.
It is larger than the type described by Martens, and also differs from
it in being of a pale yellow colour instead of light brown.
The specimen had the following measurements : total length, 28 mm. ;
height, (through the visceral sac) 13 mm., (in front of the parapodia)
6mm.; distance from the mouth to the anterior limit of the parapodia,
10mm., the rhinophores being situated midway between these two
points. The parapodia are united behind to a depth of 2mm.,
and are separated in front by a distance of 6mm. Their greatest
height is 6 mm.
The general form of the body is long and slender, with the visceral
sac strongly humped up. The rhinophores and tentacles are slender
and ear-like. The sole of the foot is narrow (5 mm.) and very clearly
defined. The mantle orifice is peculiarly large (7 by 6 mm.) and
somewhat egg-shaped, with the narrower end directed backwards.
The siphon is short and wide.
The genital opening lies in front of the anterior edge of the mantle,
some 2mm. in advance of the gill. The opaline gland opens by
numerous minute pores.
The colour of the animal is a delicate fulvous yellow, with very
faint indications of small lighter spots upon the outer surface of the
parapodia and down the centre of the back. The edges of the
parapodia, of the mantle orifice, and of the siphon are bordered by
an interrupted delicate black line. Black pigment also oceurs within
the cavities of the rhinophores and tentacles, and upon the anterior
and posterior margins of the foot. The eyes, which are plainly
visible, lie just in front of the rhinophores.
The shell: The caleareous part of the shell was unfortunately
broken. The uninjured beak and the periostracal layer, however,
give the following particulars: length, 10 mm.; breadth, 8 mm. ;
height, 3mm. The beak is strongly inturned, and is not reflexed.
The sinus is slightly concave, and occupies a little more than the
posterior third.
1 Gilchrist, ‘‘The genus Parap/ysia, with description of a new species’’?: Trans.
S. Af. Phil. Soc., vol. xi (1902), p. 121.
* Gilchrist: loc. cit., p. 124.
BURNE: SOUTH AFRICAN APLYSIIDZ. oe
Digestive organs: The radula is small, and has the formula
10:1: 10. The individual teeth, though few in number, are
relatively large, and are strongly cusped, the cusps being similar in
number and arrangement to those of 7. Burnupi. The jaws are
covered with short hooked rods very similar to those of 7. Burnupt.
The buccal mass, salivary glands, crop, and stomach are quite
normal but for a dilatation of the cesophagus, about its middle. This
may, however, be an individual peculiarity, or possibly a pathological
condition. The intestine is remarkably short and very simply coiled
(Fig. 9). The point of the cecum projects from the hepato-pancreas
Fic. 9.
further and more abruptly than in the other species examined,
although in the usual place, where the intestine begins to run forward
upon the left side of the hepato-pancreas.
Organs of circulation: The intra-pericardial part of the aorta has
no expansion (crista aorta).
Reproductive organs: These have the usual characters, but (in this
specimen) are of large size. The complex of organs that les between
the hermaphrodite duct and the external opening measure 7 mm. in
length. The seminal vesicle and spermatheca are also very conspicuous.
The albumen gland is nearly circular. |
The opaline gland is small (3 by 2 mm.), and consists of an
aggregation of separate follicles.
TrerHys ELONGATA (Pease).
Of this species there were two specimens from Port Shepstone.
They had the following dimensions: total length, 21 mm. ; height,
(through the visceral sac) 11 mm., (in front of the parapodia) 7 mm. ;
distance from the mouth to the anterior end of the parapodia, 7 mm.,
the rhinophores being situated about midway between these two
points. The parapodia are united behind, 2mm. in front of the
extremity of the foot, to a depth of 4 mm., and are separated in front
by a distance of 6mm. Their greatest depth is 4 mm.
The rhinophores and tentacles have the same shape as in 7. nigro-
cincta. The mantle orifice measures 8 by 6mm. The siphon is
small and broad. The external openings are as in 7. nigrocincta.
The colour of the animal is dullish olive green, tending to yellowish
brown. The concavities of the rhinophores and tentacles are black.
The eyes lie external to the bases of the rhinophores.
08 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The shell, which is remarkably stout, is brownish in colour, and
measures 13°5 mm. in length by 9°5 in breadth by 5 in height.
The beak is strongly inturned, and is reflexed upward. The
periostracum extends considerably beyond the anterior margin of the
calcareous part of the shell.
In its internal anatomy this species so closely resembles 7. nigrocincta
that a detailed description is unnecessary, but attention must be drawn
to the following special points of resemblance: the arrangement
of the gut-coils; the absence of a crista aorte upon the intra-
pericardial part of the aorta; the large size of the reproductive
ducts and accessory glands — these are, in fact, even larger
than in Z. nigrocincta, although the animal itself is considerably
smaller. The relative size of the several parts differs, however.
The albumen gland is larger in 7. elongata, but the seminal vesicle and
spermatheca are smaller. Much importance should not, I suppose,
be attached to the size of these organs, for, no doubt, they vary
considerably in this respect according to the time of year, as in other
animals.
SOCIETY.
MALACOLOGICAL
PROCEEDINGS OF fHE
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60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
Fripay, 9ra Fersrvuary, 1906.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Ir. J. E. Cooper and Mr. Louis Breun were appointed serutineers.
The following report was read :—
‘« Your Council, in presenting their thirteenth Annual Report, are |
able to point, with satisfaction, to a considerable body of useful work j
accomplished during the past year, as shown by the details of the |
Society’s publications given below. j
They have, however, to record, with deep regret, the heavy loss that
the Society has suffered within the year by the death of two of its |
former Presidents (Dr. W. T. Blanford and Professor G. B. Howes),
and also of Captain F. W. Hutton and Mr. R. Rimmer. The Society |
is also the poorer for.the retirement of five members, but, on the |
other hand, eight new members have been elected.
The membership of the Society stood as follows on December 31st, |
1905 :—
Ordinary members 2.00 essen tbo Wt US o* Leas 84
Correspondingmembers: i sen eee) eee es the
Moball Ges sass 161
At the end of the year 1904 the total membership was 162, and of |
1905, 165
The financial state of the Soc ety is quite satisfactory; all the |
liabilities of the year have been discharged, and there is a balance in |
the banking account of £29 15s. 10d., while the sum of £40 still |
remains invested in Metropolitan 23 per ‘cent. Stock.
Since the last Annual Meeting three parts of the ‘ Proceedings’ |
have been issued, consisting of 185 pages, illustrated with 8 plates |
and 68 text-figures, thus completing the sixth volume of the Society’s |
journal. /
The Society is greatly indebted to the following gentlemen, who |
have partly defrayed the actual cost of the numerous illustrations |
or have provided drawings for reproduction :—R. G. Barnes, H. H. ;
Bloomer, Rey. R. Ashington Bullen, H. C. Burnup, Lieut. -Colonel |
H. H. Godwin-Austen, Caie Gude, H. von Ihering, R. B. Newton, {
H. A. Pilsbry, H. B. Preston, A. Reynell, KE. A. Smith, F8.0., G. Ba}
Sowerby, H. Suter, and E. R. Sykes. It is only with such generous | y
help that the Society is able to issue such a fully-illustrated publication. |
5 Se |. GE 2 Fa > bas
PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 61
Further, the thanks of the Society are specially due to the Council
of the Linnean Society, through whose kindness it has been permitted,
as in previous years, to hold its meetings in Burlington House.”
On the motion of the Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, seconded by
Mr. A. 8. Kennard, the above was adopted as the Annual Report of
the Society.
The following were elected as Officers and Council for the year 1906 :
President.—. R. Sykes, B.A., F.L.S.
Vice-Presidents.—Sir C. N. E. Eliot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A.
Herdman, F R.S.; W.G. Ridewood, D.Sc., F.L.S.; B. B.
Woodward, F.L.S.
Treasurer.—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S.
Secretary. lt. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S.
Eaditor.—E. A. Smith, 1.8.0.
Six other Members of Council.—Rey. R. Ashington Bullen, F.L.S. ;
S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S.; R. Bullen
Newton, F.G.8.; Alexander Reynell; H. Woodward, LL.D.,
RRS:
On the motion of Mr. E. A. Smith, I.S.0., seconded by Mr. R. Bullen
* Newton, a vote of thanks was passed to the Retiring Officer and
b) to}
Members of Council, and to the Auditors and Scrutineers,
ORDINARY MEETING.
Frivay, 9rH Fesruary, 1906.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. T. H. Haynes gave a short account (illustrated by lantern slides
and specimens) of Pearl Oyster Culture and Pearl Fishing.
After a brief review of the chief pearl fisheries of the Indian Ocean
and Malay Archipelago, Mr. Haynes recounted his own experiences
« in the culture of mother-of-pearl shells in the Montebello Islands, off
the north-west coast of Australia, and referred to some of the many
difficulties that had to be met— want of water, difficulties of transport,
| hurricanes, and the ravages of ‘vermin’ (Octopus, Crabs, Cerithium,
etc.). Operations were started with a small enclosure of loose stones,
2 just above low-water line, in which mother-of-pearl shells were placed
, with the idea of stocking the surrounding shallows. Subsequently
asmall lagoon, dry at half-tide, was closed by a dam and cleared of
i vermin. In this young and old mother-of-pearl shells were placed
and flourished, but the young proved to be ‘false spat,’ and did not
. develop into true mother-of-pearl shells. The experiments neverthe-
| less showed satisfactorily that by thus planting out shells in secluded
| and favourable positions, increased growth can be ensured.
Mr. F. Homes exhibited a series of pearl shells in which were
» remarkable blister pearls, some being of very great size, and in some
|. eases formed within the area of the adductor muscle.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The following specimens were also exhibited :—
By E. A. Smith, 1.8.0.: A collection of deep-sea Mollusca from the
Indian Ocean. These, which formed part of the dredgings of the
“Investigator,” included some enormous examples of Dentalium and
Solenomya, and several other most interesting forms.
By the Rey. R. Ashington Bullen: Examples of the Mollusca used
as food in Victoria, Australia; specimens of marine shells attached to |
mammalian Pleistocene bones found in East Crete by Miss Dorothy |
Bate; anda series of land shells collected near Avignon.
By J. E. Cooper: Some clusters of Crepidula fornicata (L.), from
the River Crouch, Essex. Mr. Cooper pointed out the great increase
in the numbers of this species in Essex waters during the last thirteen
years. In the clusters shown the struggle for foothold had evidently
been severe, in one case as many as nine specimens being piled one
above another. Mr. Cooper also showed some shells of Vavipara
vivipara (L.), inhabited by hermit crabs. These had been taken in
crab-pots at Swanage.
Mr. A. S. Kennard: On behalf of Mr. R. J. Welch, a series of
lantern slides illustrating Irish shells and the localities in which the
several species are found.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 9rH Marcu, 1906.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘ Descriptions of thirty-one Gastropoda and one Scaphopod from. |
ue Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.’ By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., |
1 1.
2. Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of a proposed new subgenus
(Valluvium) of Amalthea, Schumacher.” By J. Cosmo Melvill, M.A., |
1a BSB
3. ‘‘ Notes on a Holocene deposit at Harlton, Cambridgeshire.” ©
By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, F.L.S. |
4. “*On a small collection of Land and Fresh-water Shells from
Uganda, with descriptions of a new species of J/artensia and two new |
species of Limicolaria.”’ By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.
5. ‘On new species of Polyplacophora from South Australia.” By _
W. T. Bednall and E. H. V. Matthews.
Mr. E. A. Smith, I.8.0., exhibited some living examples of Zbstacella |
haliotidea, collected by Mr. H. 8. Cousens at Wanstead, Essex. |
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 65
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 6rH Apri, 1906.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Mr. H. 8S. Cousens was elected a member of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘On a species of the Land Molluscan genus Dyakia from Siam.”’
By Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.R.S. -
2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new species of Land Shells from Peru and
Colombia and two new species of Curvel/a from the Philippine Islands.”
By 8. I. Da Costa.
3. ‘* Note on Swainson’s genus Volutilithes.”” By R. Bullen Newton,
F.G.S.
4. ‘Further remarks on the genus Chloritis, with descriptions of
eleven new species.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.
5. “On the occurrence of Vertigo parcedentata, Al. Braun, in
Holocene deposits in Great Britain.” By A. 8. Kennard and B. B.
Woodward, F.L.S.
6. “On the name Pelsbryella, von Ihering.” By Dr. H. von
Ihering.
The following specimens were exhibited :—
By E. A. Smith, I.8.0.: An example of the rare ‘ Babylonicum’
monstrosity of Neptunea antiqua ; a remarkably large specimen of the
‘same species nine inches in length; also a reversed example, together
‘with two similar reversed specimens shown on behalf of Mr. b. B.
‘Woodward and Mr. A. Reynell.
By B. B. Woodward (on behalf of Dr. Chaster): Specimens of
Jaminia triplicata, Studer, discovered by Dr. Chaster at Brandon,
‘Suffolk, in 1904. For an account of this new addition to the British
‘fauna see Chaster, Journ. of Conch., vol. xi, p. 319.
By F. G. Bridgman: A copy of an old work on Natural History by
‘Philippo Bonanni, dated 1691, entitled ‘‘ Observationes circa viventia,
que in rebus non viventibus reperiuntur. . . . . His accesserunt
aliquot Animalium Testaceorum Icones non antea in lucem edite.”’
The second part of this work, pp. 308-335, gives an account of
a number of species of shells, illustrated by somewhat rough figures,
but sufficiently good in most cases for specific recognition,
O4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
OBITUARY NOTICES.
PLATE YI,}
It is with deep regret that we have to record the loss to this Society
of another of its past Presidents. It was only in the early part of last
year that we had to mourn the death of Professor G. B. Howes, and
now it becomes our sad duty to chronicle that of Dr. W. T. Branrorp,
C.LE., F R.S., ete., who passed away on the 23rd June, 1905, aged 72.
Already several memoirs of our distinguished President have
appeared in various journals; nevertheless, we feel it our duty to give
some idea in these pages of the work which he accomplished, more
especially in connection with the branch of science in which this
Society is particularly interested.
For twenty-seven years Dr. Blanford was engaged on the Geological
Survey of India, and published many valuable reports upon the work
achieved during that period. Although, while in India, his official
duties were in connection with geology, he still had frequent oppor-
tunities of paying attention to the zoology of that country. His
memoirs treating upon both the vertebrates and invertebrates are
numerous and valuable, and indispensable to the student of the Indian
fauna. Perhaps no one has been so qualified to write upon the animal
life of India as Dr. Blanford, for he possessed, in an exceptional
degree, a great knowledge of the physical characteristics of the
country. He had, to a large extent, explored the Indian Peninsula,
and thus acquired a great personal acquaintance with the distribution
of animal life. The results of this extensive knowledge may be seen
in his classic report on ‘the distribution of vertebrate animals in
India, Ceylon, and Burma,” published in 1901.
Dr. Blanford wrote many papers on Indian mammals, birds, and
reptiles, which appeared in Indian and home journals, and also wrote
the account of the mammals and birds in the ‘‘ Fauna of India,” of
which he edited the seventeen volumes which have already appeared,
and, at the time of his death, he was engaged upon the volumes
treating upon the land and fresh-water mollusca.
Some of the earliest work of Dr. Blanford was in connection with
Indian malacology, and from the year 1860 onward a series of about
forty valuable papers from his own pen, or in conjunction with his
brother, H. F. Blanford, appeared in the Journal of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal, the Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, the Journal de
Conchyliologie, and in the Proceedings of this Society. Altogether |
it is estimated that Dr. Blanford wrote about 400 pages upon Indian
Mollusca, besides some account of the fauna of Abyssinia and Persia,
a knowledge of which he obtained, from personal observation, whilst
accompanying the expeditions under Lord Napier of Magdala, and the
Persian Boundary Commission.
' This portrait, which appeared in the Geological Magazine, 1905, dec. ry, vol. ii, has
been very kindly lent, tor reproduction here, by Dr. Henry Woodward, F.R.S.
Vor. VII, Pi.VI
Proc.MALAC.Soc.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 65
Dr. Blanford occupied many honourable positions in the scientific
world, and many were the honours conferred upon him. He was
twice President of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, President of the
Geological Society in 1889-1890, President of the Geological Section
of the British Association in 1884, President of the ] Malacological
Society 1899-1900, etc., ete. In 1883 he was the recipient of the
Wollaston Gold Medal, the highest mark of distinction at the disposal
of the Geological Society ; and in 1902 he received from the Royal
Society, of which he had been a Fellow for many years, a royal
medal in recognition of his memoir on the distribution of ie
in India, and Of his work in connection with the ‘‘ Fauna of British
India.” In 1904 the Companionship of the Order of the Indian
Empire was conferred upon him by H.M. the King in recognition of
his valuable services in India and of work accomplished i in connection
with that country since his retirement from the public service.
Dr. Alcock writes in the ‘‘ Records of the Geological Survey of
India”? :—‘‘ No notice of Blanford as a zoologist would be complete
that failed to emphasize his telling personal influence and his abundant
sympathy with all who were in any way interested in the natural
history of this country. It seemed to be natural to apply to Blanford,
and natural to Blanford to sacrifice his time to help others. No man
ever showed a warmer side to the amateur, or was so entirely free
from the narrow prejudice of the professional. Of liberal intellect, of
just and charitable temper, he was imbued with the true scientific
spirit.”
With regard to his personality we cannot do better than quote the
words of his lifelong friend, Lieut.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, who
says :—‘‘ All must have felt the charm of his society. Besides being
a naturalist he was a keen sportsman—the one often makes the other ;
—with gun or rod in hand no one enjoyed his day more. It is only
in the life spent in camp, with its curious contrasts of pleasure and
discomfort, in the hours of walking through the stubbles or standing
by the covert-side, that one really gets to know all that there is of
good in a friend’s nature. William Blanford could enter into such
pleasures, and his knowledge of nature had been increased thereby ; he
will be missed not only as a man of science, but as a friend by many.’
A list of Dr. Blanford’s writings on Mollusca can be extracted from
the catalogue of his scientific papers which appeared in the Geological
Magazine, 1 1905, dee. v, vol. u, pp. 9-15. We have, however, noticed
the following omissions :—
1868. On the occurrence of Diplommatina Huttoni and Ennea bicolor in the West
Indies. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, vol. i, pp. 110-112.)
1875. Note on the Molluscan genera Celostele, Benson, and Francesia, Paladilhe,
and on some species of Land Shells from Aden. (Journ. Asiatic Soc.
Bengal, 1875, vol. xliv, pp. 41-46. Proceedings, 1875, p 138.)
1881. Land, Fresh-water, and Estuarine Mollusca. (British Burma Gazetteer
(Rangoon), 1880, vol. 1, pp. 698-716.)
1899. On Ariophanta Dalyi, n.subsp , from Mysore, with a note on Mariella
Dussumieri (Val.). (Proce. Malac. Soe., vol. ili, pp. 280-283.)
1899. Note cn the Land Mollusca of Bombay. (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
vol. xu, pp. 326-328.)
1901. Note on Bensonia, and on an apparently undescribed species, B. mimeli.
(Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv, pp. 178-179.)
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
1901. Note on Bensonia Mainwaringi and Macrochlamys Dalingensis, (Proc.
Malac. Soc., vol. iv, pp. 180-182.)
1901. Notes on Ariophanta, Xestinu, Nilgiria, and Euplecta, with lists of species,
(Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iv, pp, 241-248.)
1902. On Rhiostoma Dalyi, n.Sp., ‘and Sesara megalodon, n.sp., obtained by the late
Mr. W. M. Daly m Siam. (Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, pp. 34-35.)
1903. Notes on Mr. Daly’s collection of Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from
Siam. (Prov. Malac. Soc., vol. v, pp. 274-284.)
1903. Note on the supposed locality ‘* Sulgranees,’’ whence Dr. J, E. Gray’s type-
specimens of Indian Jurassic Ammonites were said to have been obtained.
(Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, p. 346.)
Carrarn F, W. Hurron, Corresponding Member of the Society, died
on October 27th last year, on board ship, whilst on the way to his
home in New Zealand, after a visit to this country.
He was originally intended for the Navy, but subsequently entered
the Army, and saw active service during the Crimean War and the
Indian Mutiny. A few years later he retired from military service
and emigrated to New Zealand, where he soon entered upon a scientific
career, at various times holding the posts of Assistant Geologist to
the New Zealand Geological Survey, Curator of the Otago Museum,
Professor of Natural Science in the Otago University, Professor of
Biology and Geology in the University of "New Zealand, and Curator
of the Christchurch Museum. Captain Hutton was also elected
President of the New Zealand Institute, and President of the
Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. He was
made Fellow of the Geological Society in 1861, a Corresponding
Member of the Zoological Society in 1872, and Fellow of the Royal
Society in 1892.
The range of his scientific work, almost exclusively in connection
with the country of his adoption, was very wide, embracing many
branches of zoology and geology. He did not therefore write so
much on Mollusca as he might have done had his time and talents been
restricted to that branch of science. However, including his various
manuals on the fauna, he published altogether nearly 900 pages on
New Zealand Mollusca, both recent and fossil.
Most of his writings appeared in the Transactions of the New
Zealand Institute, but he also sent contributions to other Australasian
journals, to the Philosophical Magazine, the Annals and Magazine of
eee History, the Geologist, Geological Magazine, Journal of the
Geological Society, Proceedings of the Zoological Society, the Ibis,
Nature, Journal of Ornithology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical
Science, Monthly Microscopical Journal, Proceedings of the Royal
Society of Tasmania, Journal de Conchyliologie, New Zealand Journal
of Science, He also wrote a ‘‘Class-book of Elementary Geology,”
1875; ‘Darwinism and Lamareckism, Old and New.” 1899; che
Lesson of Evolution,” 1902; “ Nature in New Zealand,” 1903 ;
“The Animals of New Zealand,” 19064.
It will thus be seen that Captain Hutton was as prolific a writer as
his subjects were varied. His writings on New Zealand malacology
are indispensable to the student of the fauna of that country, and
NOTES. 67
reference, in this connection, should be made to his Manual of 1880,
and to the ‘‘ Index Faun Nove Zealandi,”’ published as recently as
the year 1904. With these two works in hand we have an excellent
guiderto the study of the Mollusca of that country, for they practically
indicate all that has been done upon the subject.
Captain Hutton was personally acquainted with few of the
conchologists of this country, but a Corresponding Member of this
Society who knew him well wrote, on hearing of his death: ‘‘ To me
it is a terrible blow, for Captain Hutton was the best friend I ever
had in New Zealand. With his death, one of the noblest hearts that
ever lived has ceased to beat. ‘The loss of a brother could not be more
painful to me.” ‘This personal appreciation of the man is enough.
We need say no more. New Zealand has lost one of its foremost
scientists, and many will mourn the loss of a true friend.
Ricwarp Rimmer, a member of this Society since 1893, died at his
residence, Dalawoodie, Dumfries, on August 19th, 1905, at the age of
79. He was a keen all-round naturalist, but made a special study
of the terrestrial and fluviatile mollusca of this country, and in 1880
he published a little book upon that subject, entitled ‘The Land
and Fresh-water Shells of the british Islands.” It was quite an
unpretentious work, but exhibited a novelty in the manner of the
illustrations, being one of the first conchological works to be illustrated
by the aid of photography. With the exception of one or two short
notes published in the Journal of Conchology, the above work appears
to be the extent of Mr. Rimmer’s writings on mollusea. Individually,
he was regarded by those who best knew him as ‘‘one of the most
charitable, lovable, social, and kind-hearted men.”
INFO ES:
CassipArtA ruGOSA. (Read 9th March, 1906.)—I wish to add a note
of correction to my paper upon the anatomy of Cassidaria rugosa in these
Proceedings, Vol. V1, p. 297. Mr. Moore’s lecture at the meeting held on
the 16th of June last gave me the first intimation that I might be wrong,
for, from my description of the nervous system, Cassidaria would be
a member of his ‘hypoathroid’ group, instead of, as would be expected
from analogy, ‘epiathroid.’
To make certain of this point the specimen has been kindly examined
by Mr. Burne and re-examined by myself, and we feel sure, in spite of its
somewhat fragmentary condition, that the original description was
incorrect. The cerebral and pleural ganglia are fused together, and the
mass is only partly separable laterally into two lobes. The anterior aorta
is attached to the remains of one of the pedal ganglia, and, from its
contracted condition, was in the first instance mistaken for a pleuro-
visceral counective.
A. REYNELL.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Nore on Weprunrea Antrava. (Read 6th April, 1906.)—The
variability of this species in form, size, and sculpture is proverbial.
Jeffreys mentions four varieties, and as many as twelve monstrosities.
Of the two specimens now exhibited, one is remarkable for its great size,.
and the other on account of its rarity as an abnormality. The largest
recorded dimensions are those given by Jeftreys, who says, “ Now and then
giants are seen, 7 or 8 inches long,” the usual average size being about
half that length. The present example is exactly 85 inches long, and
with the protoconch (which is broken away) must have been nearly
9inches. The other specimen is an example of the Monstrum Babylonicum,
which was described and figured by Captain Thomas Brown as Fusus
Babylonicus in his ‘Illustrations of the Recent Conchology of Great
Britain and Ireland,” p. 127, pl. lvii, fig. 19. He did, however, entertain
some doubt of its specific distinctness, for he observed, “this shell has
much the aspect of Musus antiqguus, and is probably only a lusus of that
species.”
He “found it on the strand, opposite Hull.” The present specimen
came from Billingsgate Market, and has been presented to the British
Museum by Mr. E. J. Field.
Sinistral specimens of this species are very rare. Forbes and Hanley
mention one as haviug been procured by Mr. G. B. Sowerby from off the
mouth of the Thames, and the British Museum in 18435 purchased
a small example said to have been found in Pegwell Bay, Kent.
Sinistral examples have been casually quoted as occurring on the
English coast, but Ido not find any actual records of individual specimens.
Mr. B. B. Woodward has shown me a specimen in his collection found
off Hastings, and Mr, A. Reynell also possesses an example, but he does
not know where it was obtained. The Rev. Canon Norman also possesses
two specimens.
Mr. F. W. Harmer,' in a paper dealing with this species, observes :
“ Reversed specimens of Veptunea antiqua are very occasionally met with
on the English coast, but except that they are left-handed, they cannot be
distinguished from the right-handed shells among which they occur. The
sinistral forms of Vigo Bay (4. contraria) are, on the contrary, materially
different from the dextral species of British or Arctic seas,” an opinion
with which I fully concur.
E. A. SMITH.
ON THE NAME PILSBRYELLA, VON IneERtnG. (Read 6th April, 1906.)—
A year ago, in the Proceedings of this Society (Vol. VI, p. 199), I proposed
the name Pilsbryella as a section of Tomigerus, the paper being published
in March, 1905. It has recently been brought to my notice that Herr
Nierstrasz utilized the same term (Chitonen der Siboga Exped., p. 11)
for a section of Lepidopleurus, his paper being published in January, 1905.
I therefore propose to replace Pilsbryella, von Lhering, non Nierstrasz, by
Cearellu, nom. nov.
H. von IHERING.
* Proc. Int. Congr. Zool., 1898, pp. 222-225, pl. iii.
69
DESCRIPTIONS OF THIRTY-ONE GASTROPODA AND ONE
SCAPHOPOD FROM THE PERSIAN GULF AND GULF OF
OMAN, DREDGED BY MR. F. W. TOWNSEND, 1902-1904.
By J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.
Read 9th March, 1906.
PLATES VII anp VIII.
Tur abyssal forms of molluscan life obtained beyond the 100 fathom
limit in the Gulf of Oman seem almost inexhaustible, but the following
descriptions well-nigh complete the series received up to the date
of writing these lines, excepting indeed so far as the Pelecypoda are
concerned. All of these, however, have at last been worked out, and
a catalogue is in course of compilation by myself and Mr. R. Standen,
and this we hope to publish without much further delay—a delay,
I might add, that has been, from various causes, hitherto inevitable.
Of the minute forms of Gastropoda in these seas, many are
exceedingly rare and local, others abound in countless numbers.
Another haul of the dredge from the prolific stations, lat. 24° 58’ N.,
long. 56° 54’ E., at 156 fathoms, would no doubt have brought to
light some wonderful species that perhaps now we may never see.
Fragments, indeed, exist in the shell-sand of several unknown forms,
not, unfortunately, in a condition to be described. One such is,
perhaps, of the family Solariide, with flattened base, beautifully finely
decussate surface, and curious deep and narrow umbilicus, but the
upper whorls are entirely broken away. Two or three Pleurotomide
are in similar unfortunate condition, and a few others besides, the
families and genera of which can be but guessed at.
I am informed by Mr. Townsend that the bringing up of this shell-
sand was mainly due to an absolute accident, the anchor of the
s.s. ‘ Patrick Stewart’? having dragged during the night, and stirred
up the bottom ooze to an unusual extent.
When the abyssal and benthal life is better known, I should not
be surprised if it be found that the ‘minutiora’ eclipse the larger
marine species numerically in the proportionate ratio of 3 : 1, or even
ina still greater degree. ‘They are just as beautiful as —indeed, as a rule,
more delicately sculptured than—their better known congeners, and,
taken as a whole, do not seem to vary from their types to anything
like the same extent. When once, therefore, their ‘ facies’ has been
grasped, the task of discrimination and differentiation becomes easier
than might be thought to be the case by those who have not yet
studied them.
When not otherwise stated, the locality for the following will be
the one just quoted above, viz., in the Gulf of Oman at 156 fathoms.
70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
I must just add, as on many previous occasions, my great indebtedness
to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, I.8.0., of the British Museum (Natural
History), to Mr. E. R. Sykes, F.L.S., Mr. G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S., and
Mr. R. Standen. Likewise to Messrs. B. R. Lucas, J. Wilfrid Jackson,
and the Rey. Lewis Shackleford for haying so carefully sorted much of
the shell-sand.
ScaLARIA CANEPHORA,! n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 28.
S. testa minuta, attenuata, gradato-fusiformi, alba, delicata,
anfractibus 8, quorum 4 apicales ochracei, plus minus leeves, ceteris
ad suturas multum impressis, longitudinaliter arcte oblique lamellatis,
interstitiis sub lente spiraliter striatulis, ultimo infra medium
subangulato, apertura rotunda, peristomate continuo, supra extus
angulato. Long. 4, lat. 1:5 mm.
This rare little Wentletrap, occurring as it did with so many other
new forms of its genus, combines certain points of both S. gonvophora
and thelcteria, M. & 8., being similar to the first-named in general
form, though its smallness and greater attenuation of whorl at once
distinguish it, while to the latter species (thelcteria) it assimilates in
its decussating sculpture, though this characteristic is much finer,
proportionately, in our species.
Scatarra (CrrsorrEMa) Bona, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 29.
S. testa fusiformi, crassa, albocinerea, rudi, varicosa, anfractibus
ad 8, apicali . . . , ceteris apud suturas impressis, arcte
rudilamellatis, lamellis obliquis, incrassatis, interstitiis leevibus, ultimo
anfractu. versus basim = spiraliter unicarinata, apertura rotunda,
peristomate continuo, percrasso. Long. 14, lat. 6 mm.
A boldly constructed species, of the same alliance as S. diadema,
Sowb., but the character of the lamelle is totally distinct, and the
contour more fusiform.
CrossEIaA ERYMA,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 1.
C. testa perminima, profunde sed anguste umbilicata, alba, nitida,
fere rotunda, solidula, compacta, anfractibus 5, quorum 2 apicales
vitrei, levissimi, ceteris tumidulis, apud suturas impressis, undique
arctissime et delicate spiraliter striatis, ultimo ventricoso-univaricoso,
globulari, circa umbilicum concentrice crassicarinato, apertura rotunda,
labro incrassato, fere continuo, albo, columella excavata. Long. 2,
lat. 1:15 mm.
A very small but elaborate little species, belonging to a genus which
has, so far, had few exponents brought to light. The only species near
this shell would seem to be C. striata, Boog Watson, from Cape York,
N. Australia. The bordered umbilicus is the same in both species, but
the spiral strize appear fine and closer in C. eryma, and the base is not
so produced.
1 avnpopos, ‘ basket-bearing,’ from the fine cancellations.
* &puua, ‘a bulwark,’ from the strong umbilicar keel.
PpuULa, > 5
MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. ral
Fossarvs (Cournouyia) EupMeEtus,' n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 2.
F. (Couthouyia) testa minima, alba, delicata, vix perforata, ovata,
anfractibus 5, quorum apicalis levis, vitreus, ceteris ad suturas
canaliculatis, undique spiraliter et uniformiter crassiliratis, interstitiis
squarrose cancellatis et fenestratis, ultimo cirea regionem umbilicarem
incrassato, fortiter carinulato, apertura ovata, labro extus 6-8
erenulato, columella excavata, apud basim paullum callosa, Long. 2,
lat. 1:5 mm.
A very small and delicate species, which I think has nearly, if not
quite, attained full growth. It resembles Couthouyia insignis, Nevill,
but the aperture is smaller and rounder proportionately, and there
is hardly any umbilicar perforation, the sculpture being somewhat
similar.
Disa TRILIRATA, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 3.
D. testa minuta, pyramidata, levi, nitida, perforata, anfractibus 8,
quorum apicales 2 globosi, vitre1, ceteris apud suturas canaliculato-
impressis, superne brunneo vel castaneo sparsim maculatis, maculis
paucis squarrosulis, ultimo anfractu ad peripheriam acute carinato,
earinulis vel liris tribus contiguis preedito, ad basim angulatim
prolongato, apertura ovata, labro paullum effuso, columella recta.
Long. 2, lat. 1:15 mm.
Characterized by its small size, diamond shape, the body-whorl
acutely keeled at the periphery, thrice lirate in all. It is obscurely
marked with distant squarish brown or chestnut blotches, just below
the sutures, otherwise is smoothish and immaculate. Dva/a is some-
times considered as a genus on its own merits, sometimes as a mere
appanage of Litiopa, Rang.
CERITHIOPSIS MATHILD&FoRMIS, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 4.
C. angustissime fusiformi, minuta, albida, vel hic illic brunneo-
sparsa, rugosa, anfractibus 9— 10, apice mamillato, parvo, levi, czeteris
multum apud suturas impressis, ventricosis, quatuor lis spiralibus
rugosis accinctis, undique longitudinaliter obscure costulatis, juncturis
costularum lirar umque eemmatis, ultimo anfractu quinque iris
predito, apertura subrotunda, labro tenui, columella fere recta. Long.
3°15, lat 1 mm. (sp. max.).
A very minute, narrow, yet rugged species, with some resemblance
to a Mathilda in miniature, hence the proposed specific name.
Eviima nisonipa,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig
E. testa fusiformi, subtrapeziformi, nitida, alba, polita, omnino
levissima, solida, anfractibus 12-18, quorum 2 apicales parvi,
globulares, ceteris ad suturas paullulum impressis, fascia lactea interna
| infra, juxta suturas spiraliter solum videnda, ultimo anfractu apud
peripheriam angulato, apertura ovata, labro extus paullum incrassato,
columella recta “apud basim producta. Long. 6, lat. 2 mm.
' evdunrtos, ‘ well-fashioned.’
2 Nisonida, trom its likeness to a species of Niso, Risso.
u2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Angled at the periphery of the body-whorl, this typical Hulima
much resembles in form Vso venosa, Sowb., from the same region,
the var. pura of this species occurring sparingly in the same shell-
sand. But there is no umbilicar perforation present, and the affinity
is merely superficial. Two or three examples have, so far, alone
occurred. It is of the same alliance as #. Shoplandi, Melv., and
FE. Gentilomiana, Issel, but the peripheral angle gives distinctive
characters.
Kuta noes, nsp. Bl VUly hiea7.
E. testa parva, aciculata, ad medium leniter incurva, subpellucida,
lacteo-vitrea, perleevi, delicata, anfractibus ad 10, quorum apicales
2-3 nitentes, vitrei, levissimi, ceteris ad suturas parum impressis,
arctis, condensatis, apertura anguste oblonga, labro tenui, simplice,
columella obliqua. Long. 3, lat. °75 mm.
One of the smallest of ‘the venus, but not the least interesting, being
allied to the European £. Philippii, Weink., also known as distor ta,
Phil. non Defrance, and ineurva, Renieri. I have closely compared
it with this variable species. It occurred but sparingly in shell-sand,
and its discovery is due to the energetic sifting of Mr. J. Wilfrid
Jackson.
MoumioLa EPIBATHRA,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 5.
M. testa minuta, angusta, fusiformi, alba, rimata, delicata, anfrac-
tibus 6-7, quorum apicales vitrei, leves, paullum planati, ceteris
fortiter gradatis, arcte sed indistincte longitudinaliter costulatis,
spiraliter arctissime striatis, apertura ovato-rotunda, labro paullum
effuso, columella fere recta. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
A puzzling form, occurring extremely rarely in shell-sand. I am
not sure as to its proper location, but in several ways Mumiola seems
best suited to it. The peculiarly flattened apex is curious; the mouth,
too, is small, proportionately speaking.
Mocronatia BizonuLa, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 31.
M. testa minuta, attenuata, fusiformi, lvissima, polita, tenui,
subvitrea, anfractibus 8, quorum 4 mamillati, caudati, irregulares,
yitrei, ochrotincti, ceteris ad suturas vyix impressis, levibus, spiraliter
zona brunnea cingul: atis, ultimo bicingulato, peristomate tenui, ad
suturam paullulum sinuato et effuso, ad basim producto, columella
obliqua. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
A very minute, attenuately fusiform species, the upper whorls
spirally once rufous or brown-banded, bizoned on the body-whorl,
after the fashion of certain Liostrace. A very few specimens have, so
far, been found. Indeed, the three Iucronaliea that occur together in
the dredging at 156 fathoms are all of decidedly rare occurrence.
1 SaBds, ‘bent, incurved.’
2 émiBdbpa, ‘a scaling ladder,’ from the gradate whorls.
MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC, Ue
Mvucronabia LEPiIpA,! n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig
d ’ to)
M. testa parva, ovato-fusiformi, vitrea, delicata, lactea, polita,
levigata, anfractibus 8-9, quorum 3-4 apicales parvi, mamillati,
apice ipso heterostropho, ceteris ad suturas vix impressis, rapide
accrescentibus, anfractu ultimo tertiam totius longitudinis partem
prebente, apertura ovata, labro paullum incrassato, Solaris crassa,
simplice. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
A neatly-for med ’ Mucronalia, of thicker and more compact substance
than its ally, IL, oxytenes, Mely., from the same locality.
SyRNOLA APERANTA,”? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 9
S. testa attenuato-fusiformi, alba, nitida, polita, solidiuscula,
anfractibus ad 10-11, quorum apicales 2 parvi, quam maxime
heterostrophi, vitreo - globulares, ceteris apud suturas multum
canaliculato-impressis, et paullum gradatis, quatuor ultimis anfractibus
rectis, uniformibus, ultimo paullum producto, apertura ovato-rotunda,
labro hand effuso, ad basim producto, margine columellari recto, fortiter
uniplicato. Long. 6, lat. 1°25 mm.
This species might easily be confounded with Aulimella carmanica,
M. & S., which occurs with it in equal plenty. It is, however, of
a more gracefully attenuate contour, with aperture smaller proportion-
ately. The columella, too, is strongly once-plicate, in the Lulimella it
is simple.
SyRwoLa cLAVELLosA,® n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 10.
S. testa parva, alba, nitida, polita, angusto-fusiformi, solidula,
anfractibus 9-10, quorum 2-3 apicales magnopere heterostrophi,
conspicui, bulboso-globulares, eseteris apud suturas canaliculato-
impressis, lineis internis 4-5 spiraliter preeditis, apertura ovata,
labro paullum producto, margine columellari fortiter uniplicata.
Long. 4:5, Jat. 1 mm.
A very narrowly fusiform species, the heterostrophe apical whorls
unusually swollen, globular, club-like, and conspicuous in proportion
to the size of the shell. The internal spiral lines, showing opaquely
through the surface, are four or five in number, broadest just below
the sutures. Very faint spiral chestnut banding appears in some
specimens. It is one of the smallest Syrnole@, and not, I think, very
comparable with other forms of the genus.
Turponrtta (Pyreosryris) Detra, nsp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 30
T. testa breviter fusiformi, minuta, albo-straminea, anfractibus 8,
quorum 2 apicales globulosi, vitrei, subleves, ceteris ad suturas
multum impressis, tumidulis, arcte leevicostatis, interstitiis levissimis,
apertura ovali, peristomate subeffuso, continuo, columella obscure
plicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Bushire, 6-10 fathoms.
Conspicuous for its ventricose whorls, yellowish colour, and
shortened spire.
|
Lepidus, ‘neat, pleasing.
amépaytos, ‘ countless,’ from its frequency.
3 Clavellosa, dim. ot elavus, ‘a club,’ from the form.
1
2
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Tursonitta Hermia, n.sp. Pl. VIL, Fig. 11.
T. testa compresso-fusiformi, alba, nitida, anfractibus 9-11, quorum
2 apicales omnino heterostrophi, globulares, vitrei, c#teris ad
suturas impressis, leevibus, paullulum ventricosulis, undique longi-
tudinaliter levicostatis, costis arctis, nitidis, numero ultimum apud
anfractum circiter 18, interstitiis sub lente delicatissime spiraliter
striatis, apertura ovata, labro tenui, fere recto, columella obscure
uniplicata. Long. 4°5, lat. 1:°25mm., sp. maj.; long. 4, lat. 1 mm.,
sp. min.
Hitherto confounded with 7. terebrina, Melv., which, first discovered
by Mr. Abercrombie at Bombay, has been found to occur in the Gulf
of Oman also, this new species, one of the most distinct of the many
affecting this region, may be recognized by its compressedly fusiform
build and 9-11 whorls, the lower ones mostly somewhat pinched in
towards the centre, causing a slightly sinuous contour. The fine
spiral striations may serve to distinguish it at once from the perfectly
smooth 7. terebrina The columella is very obscurely once plicate,
showing a possible transition to, and link with, Pyrgulina. The study
of the Turbonille, in these seas, as elsewhere, presents numberless
difficulties, especially as regards the dastlica-sororia section, which
abound in every dredging, and vary to a considerable extent. The
form of the heterostrophe apex may serve as an index to specific
character, but it is most likely that the ¢7 and Q present. shell-
modifications difficult—indeed, with our present state of knowledge
almost impossible—to grasp.
Baia (PYRGULINA) HERVIERIOIDES, n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 12.
O. (Pyrgulina) testa angusta, minima, alba, cylindracea, nitida,
anfractibus 63, quorum 1} apicales vitrei, heterostrophi, globulosi,
ceteris fere rectis, apud suturas paullum impressis, undique longitudi-
naliter costulatis, costulis rectis, crassis, numero ad 16 ultimum apud
anfractum, interstitiis levibus, apertura ovata, peristomate continuo,
extus fere recto, columella uniplicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
Minute, white, the straight longitudinal riblets being thick and
large, proportionately speaking, with the interstices quite smooth. In
miniature, much resembling superficially Herviera asidel/a,’ M. & St.,
.from the New Caledonian region, or Hlusa livida, Sowb.,*? from the
Philippine Islands, which is, I consider, synonymous with H. isidella,
Indeed, these may all some day be relegated to the same genus.
Onostomia (Pyr@uLiIna) TENERRIMA, nsp. Pl. VII, Fig. 13.
(Pyrgulina) testa minutissima, alba, fusiformi, delicata, an-
ee 4—5, quorum 1-2 apicales planato-globosi, ‘vitrei, ceteris
eradatulis, longitudinaliter costatis, costis prominulis, superne angu-
latis, interstitiis levibus, apertura ovata, labro fere recto, ad suturam
angulato, columella paullum excavata, obscure uniplecata. Long. 1°75,
lat. 0-5 mm.
' Journ. of Conch., vol. ix (1899), p. 186, fig.
2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv (19U1), p. 210, pl. xxii, fig. 8.
Proc. Matac. Soc Vor Nil Pow.
14. 1
A.H. Searle, del et: lith. Huth imp
NEWeRSPECIEG Oh GASTROPODA, &c) FROM
THE PERSIAN GULF, AND GULF OF OMAN.
iG)
—
(op)
fod
MELVILL : NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. 73
The minutest mollusk yet discovered in the Persian Gulf region,
but, nevertheless, beautiful in form, being four to five-whorled, scalato-
gradate, longitudinally ribbed, ribs numbering about 12 on the body-
whorl, the interstices being smooth. The lip is angled above, nearly
straight otherwise, columella slightly excavate. But three or four
examples have so far occurred, but so tiny an organism can easily
be overlooked.
Ovosrom1a (Pyrevtina) THELXINOA,' n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 14.
O. (Pyrgulina) testa perminuta, angusta, gradatula, cylindrica, alba,
nitida, anfractibus 6~7, quorum duo apicales heterostrophi, vitrei,
globulosi, ceteris apud suturas multum impressis, undique longitudi-
naliter costulatis, costulis fere rectis, delicatis, interstitiis sub lente
spiraliter arcte striatis, apertura oblique ovata, labro paullum effuso,
continuo, columella uniplicata. Long. 2, lat. -75 mm.
This and the preceding Pyrgulina occurred almost equally rarely.
Their extremely small size, and, in the case of P. thelxinoa, its neatly
turreted or gradate whorls, will serve to distinguish them from their
allies.
Oposromra (Mrrarpa) ma,’ nsp. Pl. VII, Fig. 15.
M. testa ovato-fusiformi, compressa, solidula, albida, anfractibus 6,
quorum 2 apicales leves, heterostrophi, ceteris apud suturas bene
impressis, subcanaliculatis, superne apud medium anfractuum costatis,
trinis gemmularum ordinibus decoratis, costulis infra evanidis, sed,
penultimo et antepenultimo anfractibus una, ultimo multis ad basim
liris fortibus spiraliter accinctis, interstitiis sulculosis, apertura ovata,
labro extus crasso, paullum effuso, columella uniplicata, Long. 2°5,
Tat. 1.
A charming little species, nearly allied to IZ diadema, A. Ad., from
Japan, and which has been also reported from Indian seas. It is more
compact, and stouter proportionately than either this or the allied
M. gemma, A. Ad., the disposition of gemmuled riblets on the upper
portion of the whorls, and spiral lire on the lower, being identical.
T would also take this opportunity of stating that two allied species
from the Persian Gulf, described in 1903 by Mr. Standen and myself
as Acteopyramis latitia and brevicula,? would be better located in the
genus Dhralda.
CoLuMBELLA (SEMINELLA) comisrEa,? n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 16.
C. testa minuta, obesa, utrinque attenuata, solida, levi, pallide
straminea, anfractibus 6, quorum 3: apicales vitrei, leves, citeris
undique longitudinaliter costulatis, aliter levissimis, ultimo pyriformi,
ad basim maxime attenuato, et spiraliter lirato-suleata, costulis
dorsaliter inferne evanidis, apertura angustissima, labro incrassato,
nitido, arcuato, columella sinuata, ad basim attenuata, producta.
Long. 3, lat. 1mm., sp. maj.
1 @eA€ivoos, * charming.’
2 Imus, in sense of ‘ abyssal.’
8, sens abyssal.
3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii (1903), p. 309, pl. xxi, figs. 3, 4.
* Komoréos, ‘ brought forward.’
VOL. VII.—JUNE, 1906. 6
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Many examples were obtained of this small Columbella, of the same
alliance as C. selasphora, phaula, M. & 8., atornella, Duclos, ete., but |
differing in greater smoothness, even aon size, pyriform shape, i
much attenuated at either extremity, and exceedingly narrow orifice.
It is perhaps nearest to C. troglodytes, Souv., but that species is slightly
larger, say long. 4, and not quite so narrowed at either extremity.
Nassa (AtEcTRyoN) gactaBunDa,! n.sp. Pl. VII, Fig. 17.
N. testa obeso-pyramidali, paullum inflata, pallide straminea, versus |
apicem rapide attenuata, anfractibus 9, quorum 2 apicales leves,
tertio sub lente levi, unicarinato, ceteris ad suturas paullum gradatis,
arcte longitudinaliter costulatis, costis interdum irregularibus, numero |
costarum ultimum ad anfractum circa 19, spiraliter undique arctissime
liratis, lirarum ordinibus duobus superne, infra suturas, magnis, |
tumidis, ad costas gemmulatis, interdum hic illic paucimaculatis,
maculis brunneo-cinereis, apertura ovata, alba, labro effuso, albo, |
crassiusculo, nitido, intus perindistinete denticulato, columella nitida, |
alba, excavata, ad basim truneatula, canali breyi. Long. 18, lat. 10 mm. |
Hab.—Persian Gulf.
To XN. tdyllia, M. & S.,* from the Gulf of Oman, this bears a certain |
resemblance, but is more than half as large again, and a less delicately
sculptured species, with spire more acute and lip less thickened.
I am indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby, not only for the specimens, but
for his critical opinion on its merits as a species.
MareIneLta (VoLvaRIA) AMypROzoNA,® n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 18.
M. testa cylindrica, attenuata, nitidissima, polita, subdiaphana, |
pallide stramineo-fusca, vel, rarius, albo-viridescente, spira omnino }
callose immersa, ultimo anfractu supra medium indistinctissime
spiraliter unizonato, zona castanea, apertura angusta, intus straminea,
labro fere recto, ad medium inflexo, columella triplicata. Long. 8,
lat. 2°5 mm.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat, 15 fathoms (1901-2).
A narrow, cylindrical, bulloid species of Volvaria, shining, pale, |
either straw-coloured, fulvous, or, more rarely, greenish white. The-
outer lip and columella are callously reflected to such a degree over
the spire that total immersion is the result, otherwise the lip is}
straight, somewhat inflected over the aperture towards the centre, |
receding again when nearing the base, the columella being white, |
shining, thrice plaited. There is a very obscure rufous or chestnut |
zone slightly above the centre of the body-whorl, extending spirally |
around it.
MareineLtta (VoLvartaA) EUMoRPHA,’ n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 19.
M. testa nitidissima, levigata, polita, oblongo-cylindrica, albida vel |
pallide stramineo-brunnea, subpellucida anfractibus 5, quorum apicales
Jactabundus, ‘storm-tossed,’ from the wave-like costae.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1901, vol. ii, pp. 410, 411, pl. xxiii, fig. 12.
auvdpds, Cévn, trom the indistinct central band.
evuopoos, * beautifully tormed.’
MELVILL: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, ETC. GU
conici, apice ipso magno, omnino leyissimis, ultimo spiraliter obscure
trizonato, zonis rufulis, apertura oblonga, labro incrassato, nitido,
simplice, columella obliqua, 4-plicata. Long. 9, lat. 4 mm.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Maskat, 15 fathoms (1902).
Allied to MZ. ( Volvaria) secalina, Phil. ., a Mediterranean species, of
which JL nitida, Hinds, wrongly included i in the subgenus Cryptospira,
Hinds, by Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. v, p. 34), is perhaps a variety.
M. avena, Valenc., from the Antilles ; feninta, Sowb., from the Cape
de Verd Islands; and Verdensis, E. A. Sm., are likewise near allies;
indeed, Mr. Standen and I included this species under the latter name
in our general catalogue of Persian Gulf species, and it must now be
eliminated, and the name eumorpha substituted. JL. gracilis, C. B. Ad.,
another West Indian shell, is akin, but our species is not so attenuate.
I am much indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for first having called
my attention to these two Volvari@, and especially for his having
carefully compared them with existing types and specimens in our
national collection.
? Dettira Taisen, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 20.
D. testa parva, fusiformi, alba, solida, anfractibus 6, quorum 3
apicales vitrei, perleves, ceteris undique spiraliter densiliratis, liris
crassis, interstitiis sub lente obscure longitudinaliter striatulis, apertura
ovato-oblonga, labro paullum effuso, columella fere recta, simplice.
Long. 6, lat. 1°75 mm.
Only a few examples occurred of this white, fusiform little species,
very likely not full-grown. The close spiral lire conspicuously
covering the whole surface, and the absence of sutural impression, are
the chief characteristics. It resembles no other Persian Gulf or
Arabian Sea species, excepting, perhaps, D. evreumvertens, M. & St.,
-and in a lesser degree D. audax, from the same locality. It has been
suggested that it may be the juvenile form of a Buecinoid species, but
I am inclined to hold to its being a member of the Pleurotomidee.
Maneitia prpticara, n.sp. Pl, VIII, Fig
M. testa parva, alba vel albo-straminea, ovato-fusiformi, solidula,
_anfractibus 7-8, quorum 2-3 apicales levissimi, straminei, nitidi,
_vitrei, ceteris ad medium angulatis, et carina inferiore infra medium,
juxta suturas, undique lonsitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis ultimi
‘anfractus numero ad 9, spiraliter liratis, liris paucis, crassiusculis,
ultimo ad basim multilirato, apertura ovata, sinu perlato, labro paullum
“Incrassato, intus tridenticulato, columella conspicue biplicata, canali
paullum producto. Long. 7, lat. 2 mm., sp. maj. ; long. 4, lat. 1 mm.,
sp. min.
__ Varying much in size, as is seen by the dimensions given above,
{this small Mangilia belongs to the same alliance as spurca, Hinds,
» soror, Smith, inhabiting flies same seas. Such as these, howev er, are
| giants compared with even the largest example of this pigmy form.
Dapunetzta Saprina, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 22.
D. testa ovato-fusiformi, delicata, alba, pulcherrime cancellata,
anfractibus 8, quorum 3- 4 apicales ochracei, arcte et minutissime
- decussati, ceteris apud suturas impressis, antepenultimo spiraliter
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. |
bi-, penultimo tri-, ultimo anfractu quinque-carinato, undique
longitudinaliter arctissime et oblique liratis, interstitiis quadratis,
leevibus, apertura lata, ovata, canali paullum producto, labro tenui,
effuso, columella fere recta, sinu lato, haud profundo. Long. 4,
lat. 3 mm., sp. maj.
A peculi: ily select and highly sculptured Daphnella, unlike any
other form hitherto recorded from these seas. Some similitude with
D. ( Taranis) Mérchi, Malm, from Northern European seas and Gulf of
Mexico, may be traced. Nearly all the specimens are imperfect, and
greater size is probably ultimately attained than is afforded in the
present material.
Dapanewta (PLevRoTOMELLA) Atcesstis, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig
D. testa ovato-fusiformi, delicatissima, parva, alba, vel pallide
straminea, anfractibus 6-7, quorum apicales 3-4 pulcherrime decussato-
cancellati, ochracei, ceteris ad suturas bene impressis, ventricosis,
undique longitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis obliquis, spiraliter
tenuiliratis, liris paucis, ad juncturas costarum gemmuliferis, ultimo
anfractu apud basim producto, apertura fusoide, oblonga, labro tenui,
canali lato. Long. 6, lat. 1:5 mm. '
A delicate fusoid Daphnella, not perhaps quite adult, but the six
or eight examples that occurred were all much of the same size. It
seems almost exactly intermediate, as regards texture, between
D. Lucasti and Clathurella amphiblestrum, Melv., from the same locality,
being in form like the former, from which it chiefly differs in the
presence of longitudinal ribs and different quality of spiral sculpture,
from the latter in general form, and, especially, more extended canal.
It is more than probable that Cl. amphiblestr um, as well as Mangilia
ecphora, Melv., should be classed among the Daphnelle as of the |
subgenus Pleurotomella, Verrill. The eight allied species as yet |
differentiated from the Persian Gulf region might be placed thus:— |
Pleurotomella itama, n.sp.
Pl, Lucasit, Melv.: Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi, p. 167, pl. x, fig. 25
(1904),
Pl. Alcestis, n.sp.
Pl. amphiblestrum, Melv. ( Clathurella): Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. vi,
p 958, pl. v, fig. 7 (1904).
Pl. Nereidum, M. & St.: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xii, p. 315,
pl. xxiii, fig. 2 (1903),
Pl. Amphitrites, M. & St.: l.c., p. 316, pl. xxiii, fig. 3 (1903).
Pl. Kulimenes, Mely.: Journ. of Malac., vol. xi, p. 84, pl. viii, fig. 15 |
(1904).
Pl. ecphora, Melv. (Mangilia): Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. vi, p. 58, pl. v,
fig. 5 (1904).
Dapunetya (PLEUROTOMELLA) rraMa,? n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 24.
D. testa parva, fusiformi, pallide straminea vel brunnea, asperata,
anfractibus 7-8, quorum 3 4 apicales ochracei, ventricosi, pulcherrime |
‘I
' Cf. Sars, Moll. Norveg., pl. xvii, fig. 8
2 trapds, ‘ bold.’
MELVILL: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM THE PERSIAN GULF, EUc, (6s)
reticulati et decussati, ceteris ad suturas impressis, ad medium
angulatis, longitudinaliter crassicostatis, costis paucis, ultimi anfractus
ad 8, spiraliter undique arcte liratis, liris filosis, apertura ovata, labro
paullum effuso, canali paullum producto, columella simplice. Long. 6,
lat. 2 mm.
With the superficial appearance of a Clathurella, this little
Pleurotomid, from its three to four ventricose-whorled, beautifully
eancellate protoconch, seems well included in Pleurotomella, Vermill.
It is allied to such a species as Pl. Packardi, Vervill & Smith, the form
Verrilli of which is tigured! by Dr. Dall. Not of very frequent
occurrence, and I hardly think the specimens obtained adult. The
longitudinal ribs are remarkably incrassate, and are crossed by the
spiral lire, which give a roughened appearance to the whole surtace.
Cynicana coLtyra,? n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 25.
©. testa parva, umbilicata, cylindrica, alba, nitida, sub lente
delicatissime spiraliter striata, lateribus rectis, compressiusculis,
apertura angustissima, ad basim latiore, labro tenui, columella
uniplicata. Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.
Much like @. cylindracea, Pennant, in miniature, this being also
found in the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman; I think it, however,
distinct. A large number of examples occurred, all of the same size,
and with no intermediates.
N.B.—The opportunity may be here a good one to state that
Cylichna Bushirensis, M. & St., described in 1901, is undoubtedly
a Scaphander, and will stand thus :—
ScapHanpDEeR Busurrensis, M. & St.
Cylichna Bushirensis, M. & St.: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1901, vol. ii,
pp. 454, 455, pl. xxiv, fig. 21.
Hab.—Persian Gulf, Bushire and near Fao; Gulf of Oman, Maskat,
15 fathoms, also at 208 and 146 fathoms.
VotvuLa compacta, n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 26.
V. testa parva, ovata, compacta, alba, levigata, postice obtuse
producta, antice rotundata, sub lente spiraliter arcte et tenuissime
striata, apertura angusta, antice dilatata, labro fere recto, columella
apud basim crassiuscula, uniplicata. Long. 275, lat. 1°25 mm.
A somewhat solid, compact little shell, the posterior labial extension
obtuse and abbreviate, while the outer lip is slightly thickened and
rounded at the base, the columella being once-plaited. Surface white,
shining, the whole surface exceedingly finely and microscopically
striate. No species known to me shows so oval an outline. It was
abundant in shell-sand, with another species, which 1 cannot separate
from the common British and Mediterranean V. acuminata, Brug.,
which, under various names, seems ubiquitous throughout the
Northern Hemisphere, both of the Old and New World.
1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., xxix, pt. 2, p. 119, pl. xiv, fig. 4.
* «oAAvpa, ‘a roll.’
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
PARASTROPHIA FILUM,! n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 27.
P. testa minuta, fere recta, versus apicem incuryo-sinuata, alba,
lactea, levigata, sub lente indefinite et obscurissime spiraliter arcti-
striata, regione apicali caudata, attenuata, apice ipso globulari, retuso,
parvo, apertura rotunda, haud incrassato, tenui. Long. 3, lat. -075 mm,
Of very infrequent occurrence, but most likely overlooked, owing,
not only to its microscopical dimensions, but also to its verisimilitude
to a small Creseés or other Pteropod, multitudes of which occur in the
same shell-sand.
P. Challengeri, de Folin,? is of quite different form, as is
P. Asturiana,® also of de Folin, the new species being more attenuate,
with apex smaller proportionately, and the concentric spiral striation
very nearly obsolete, though its presence is observable with aid of
a very powerful lens, at all events centrally. There is one acutely
defined annulus at the distance of, say, half a millimetre from the apex ;
with this exception the whole surface is smooth, the mouth being
hardly oblique.
Caputus campytvus,‘ n.sp. Pl. VIII, Fig. 32.
C. testa perparva, apud medium crassiore, arcuata, utrinque
attenuata, ad apicem posteriorem magnopere angusta, apertura
rotunda, margine paullum obliquo, tenui. Long. 3, diam. oris +05,
apicales ‘025 mm.
A very small, white, and shining Cadulus, particularly narrowed
posteriorly, while thickened and elbowed out towards the centre.
The aperture is round, with slightly oblique margin.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Puate VII.
Fig. Fig.
1. Crosscia eryma, Sp. 10. S. elavellosa, n.sp.
2. Fossarus (Couthouyia) eudmetus,n.sp. 11. Turbonilla Hermia, n.sp.
3. Diala trilirata, n.sp. 12. Odostomia (Pyrgulina) hervieriordes,
4. Cerithiopsis mathildeformis, n.sp. n.Sp.
5. Mumiola epibathra, u.sp. 13. O. (P.) tenerrima, n.sp.
6. Eulima nisonida, n.sp. 14. O. (P.) thelxinoa, n.sp.
7. E. rheba, n.sp. 15. O. (Miralda) ima, n.sp.
8. Mucronalia lepida, n.sp. 16. Columbella (Seminella) comistea, n.sp.
9. Syrnoia aperanta, n.sp. 17. Nassa (Alectryon) jactabunda, n.sp.
PLATE VY UT:
18. Marginella( Volvaria) amydrozona,u.sp. 26. Volvula compacta, n.sp.
19. M. (V.) ewmorpha, n.sp. 27. Parastrophia filum, n.sp.
20. Drilia Thisbe, n.sp. 28. Sealaria canephora, u.sp.
21. Mangilia biplicata, n.sp. 29. S. (Cirsotrema) bona, n.sp.
22. Daphnella Sabrina, n.sp. 30. Lurbonilla (Pyrgostylis) Delia, n.sp.
23. D. (Plewrotomella) Alcestis, n.sp. dl. Mueronalia bizonula, n.sp.
24. D. (P.) itama, n.sp. 32. Cadulus campylus, n.sp.
25. Cylichna collyra, n.sp.
1 Filum, ‘a thread,’ from the appearance.
2 Rep. ‘‘ Challenger ”’ Exped., vol. xv, Zool., p. 681.
Les Fonds de la Mer, vol. i, pp. 172, 218, pl. xxix, fig. 7.
4 Kaumvads, ‘ bent.’
wo
~ ~~ = = _
sigs
Proc. Mauac. Soc. Vou. VIL Pr. VI.
rae oe i oa
—
cher ate
ao.
A.H. Searle, del et Lith,
NEW SPECIES OF GASTROPODA, &c, FROM
THE PERSIAN GULF, AND GULF OF OMAN.
a
CAPULUS LISSUS, SMITH, AS TYPE OF A PROPOSED NEW
SUBGENUS (MALLUVIUM) OF AMALTHEA, SCHUMACHER.
By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.
Read 9th March, 1906.
In 1894 Mr. Edgar Smith described! an abyssal mollusc, from the
Bay of Bengal, dredged during the cruise of H.M. Indian Marine
Survey steamer ‘ Investigator,” Commander C. F. Oldham, R.N., at
a depth of 90-102 fathoms. To this he gave the name of Capulus
lissus.
Since that date Mr. F. W. Townsend has procured, from various
stations in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, to be enumerated
subsequently, more voluminous material, including live examples
mm siti, and exhibiting considerable variety. I know, therefore, that
the author will allow me to further extend his original description to
suit the larger specimens now before me, and also to propound reasons
for considering this species as rather appertaining to Amalthea, Schum.
(= HMipponyx, Defrance).
Mr. Smith rightly lays stress upon the complete absence of radiating
sculpture. In all the species of either genus (Amalthea or Capulus)
known to me, this sculpture is present, and accordingly, to whichever
of these this mollusc belongs, that fact in either case attains equal
predominance.
Mr. Townsend dredged C. déssus either dead, in shell-sand, mostly
small imperfect examples, at a considerable depth, or alive, on Rostellaria
delicatula, Nevill (Fig. 1), and especially Conus planiliratus, Sowb.
(Fig. 4). On this latter it was gregarious, forming colonies of life ;
and usually a small example is found to have attached itself to
the dorsal surface of, very probably, its parent. But the most
interesting discovery was that of a few examples obtained at
122 fathoms in the Gulf of Oman in 1903, when the larger ones
were found adhering to the spines of a Cidaris (Figs. 2, 3),
invariably attended by a small, but normally shaped, offspring, attached
dorsally, while they themselves had assumed a narrow oblong form,
having become adapted to the attenuate spine they had affected.
Contracted as they thus were, it was nevertheless necessary, as they
still overlapped considerably at the base, to deposit shelly matter,
formed out on both sides, thus creating a basal plate, of considerable
solidity and thickness. This is a characteristic of the genus 4Amalthea,
Schum., rather than of Capulus, Montfort, as the foot of the latter
genus does not ever secrete a shelly base.
1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv (1894), p. 166.
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
It at once occurred to me that I had recently somewhere noticed
figures much resembling these, and a brief search soon revealed the
fact that during the ‘‘ Blake”? Expedition a very near ally of C. dissus
was obtained, which was described by Dr. Dall under the name of
Amalthea benthophila,' and towards the close of this paper I propose
to touch upon this species also in fuller detail.
There can be but little moral doubt but that this Western species is
a New World exponent of the Oriental C. dissus, and is congeneric with
it; and I am inclined to go even further than this, and to propose that
a i
qpee
0
fl ¢) &
1)
rae
i
eS
I —
=
=
1 2 3 4
the unusual smoothness of surface and want of radiating sculpture
are worthy of subgeneric distinction, as follows :—
AMALTHEA, Schum.
Amalthea, Schumacher, Essai, pp. 56, 181, pl. xxi, fig. 4 (1817).
Hipponyx, Detrance, Bulletin Soc. Philom., p. 9 (1819).
MALLUVIUM,? nov. subgen.
Ab Amalthea typica differt superficie omnino levigata, interdum
alba, interdum longitudinaliter bi- vel tri-radiato colorata, radiis
cinnamomeis vel castaneis, apertura ovata vel circulari, intus albida,
margine tenui, lamina basali tenui, vel, interdum, solida.
Type: Capulus lissus, E. A. Smith.
1 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., xviii, No. 29; pt. 2, p. 289, pl. xiv,
figs. la—0.
2 Mailuvium, a basin.
MELVILL: ON WALLUVIUM, 83
1. AmatrHEa Lissa (EK. A. Smith).
Capulus lissus, KE. A. Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv (1894),
p. 166, pl. iv, figs. 4-6.
The following is the author’s original description :—
‘Testa pileiformis, apice postice valde recurvato, sordide alba vel
dilutissime rufescens, lineis incrementi striata, haud radiatim sculpta,
anfractus 38, apicales duo (nucleus) globosi, leves; apex pone sed
supra marginem aperture convolutus ; apertura irregulariter rotunde
ovata, pallide fuscescens; peristoma tenue, margine infra apicem
incrassato.
‘Diam. maj. 11 millim., min. 8, alt. 54; apertura 8+ longa, 7 lata.
‘¢ Hab.—Bay of Bengal, 90-102 fathoms.
‘«'The chief characteristic of this species is the absence of radiating
sculpture, a feature common to most species of the genus Capulus.”—
Ee: A. S.
To this description it only remains to add that the larger and well-
grown examples dredged by Mr. Townsend exhibit in nearly every
ease longitudinal cinnamon or pale rufous rays, thus ornamenting the
shining white surface, which 1s hardly ever covered with any, even
slight, vestiges of the very fugitive pale-brown epidermis. And, as
before mentioned, the shelly basal plate has been, for the first time,
detected.
Additional localities for this species are as follows :—Persian Gulf ;
Gulf of Oman; lat. 24° 6’ N., long. 57° 30’ E., 206 fathoms, on
Gorgonia, Rostellaria, and Conus planiliratus, Sowb.; lat. 25° 54’ N.,
long. 60° 20’ E., 60 fathoms, on Conus mostly; lat. 24° 58’ N., long.
56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms, dead, and small, colourless, in shell-sand;
also lat. 24° 75’ N., long. 56° 75’ E., 122 fathoms, on spines of Hehini.
2. AMALTHEA BEN'THOPHILA, Dall.
Amalthea benthophila, Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll.,
vol. xviii, No. xxix, pt. 2, p. 289, pl. xiv, figs. la—é.
Hub.—India occidentalis. ‘‘ Off Sand Key, 50 fathoms. St. Kitts,
245 fathoms. Near Nevis, 373 fathoms. Guadeloupe, 175 fathoms, on
spines of Avhint. Martinique, 170 fathoms, also on Zchinus spines.
St. Vincent, 146 fathoms, on shells. Bottom temperatures 45° to
sor 1.”
The following is Dr. Dall’s description :—
“Shell stout, white, smooth, with a smooth straw - coloured
epidermis, and a coil of about two whorls. Apex elevated, nucleus
glassy, rather large, of about one whorl; surface smooth, often
polished, showing only irregularities due to growth, and a few
microscopic spiral scratches, aperture subcircular, interior white,
glossy, basal plate sometimes quite thin, as when the mollusc is seated
on a flat stone, or on another Ama/thea, or quite thick, as when it
rests on a Ciduris spine. It is marked with two diverging impressions,
corresponding to the position of the adductors. Lat. aperture 8-0, long.
ditto 8:0, alt. 6-0 mm.
“This species, by its smooth surface, is easily distinguished from
any other. The irregularities of the Hchinus spines are not reproduced
84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
on the surface of the shell, as its pedestal, secreted by the foot, covers
all such irregularities. I cannot help doubting if there is any such
connection between the base and the adductors as exists between the
latter and the shell. The irregularities of the specimens living on
a smooth surface indicate that they are not absolutely fixed to one
spot, at least not more than Gadinia or Crepidula when young. If
the adductors were organically attached to the base it would be death
to the animal to move.”
I think it has been well worth while giving the above descriptive
remarks nv extenso for the sake of comparison, if for no other cause.
Most probably these two species are descended from a common ancestor,
there being so many close points of similitude; but, while so nearly
allied to each other, they are abundantly distinct from the typical
section of the genus.
NOTES ON A HOLOCENE DEPOSIT AT HARLTON, CAMBS.
By the Rev. R. Asuineron Butten, B.A,, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Read 9th Mareh, 1906.
THe mollusca noticed in this brief communication were found by the
veteran geologist the Rev. Osmond Fisher, F.G.S., and Mr. T. Kh. H.
Garrett, of Jesus College, Cambridge, in the parish of which the
former is Rector.
In the same parish occurred the Holocene deposit of Romano-
British date, near Butler’s Spinney, previously (1908) described by
me before this Society. This deposit yielded HZ. arbustorum, Linn.,
in great abundance, and is the solitary recorded locality (up to the
present time) for the occurrence in Cambridgeshire of Zimax arborum,?
Bouch. Chant. Mr. Brindley states that it has not occurred alive in
Cambridgeshire in recent times, although it is found in the adjoining
county, Northamptonshire.
The place in which the later discovery occurred, now described in this
paper, is about a half-mile from the above-mentioned deposit, and
1 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v, p. 318.
2 Marr & Shipley: Nat. Hist. of Cambridgeshire, 1904, p. 1384.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Mr. Fisher describes it as follows:—‘‘ My notes on the shell-deposit
in Harlton clunch-pit are very scanty. I send all that are relevant.
The deposit is a thin layer of sandy marl beneath the surface-soil. It
is not stratified, and is less than afoot thick. It appears to be a wash,
chiefly from the Boulder Clay that caps the hill. I have had some of
the stuff brought home, and washed it. It contains bits of flint and
chalk, brown clay, and fine sand, and a bit of pyrites. It rests upon
a disintegrated surface of clunch.”
The height is about 150 feet O.D. It would thus be at a level
of about 60 feet higher than the deposit formerly described. From
a note made by Mr. Garrett at the time, it appears that above the
marly band in which the shells occurred there was from two to three
feet of surface soil.
a, rainwash ; b, brown sandy clay with shells; ¢, disintegrated clunch; 4d, talus.
The brown sandy clay with shells rests immediately on the weathered
surface of disintegrated clunch.
(N.B.—There is only a small planed off fragment in the south-east
corner, as though the deposit in the southern (and higher) part had
suffered denudation. )
I have visited this pit four times, twice under Mr. Fisher’s guidance.
List of species found:—Non-marine: Arion ater! (Linn.) [6 granules,
one very large]; Helieella ctala (Linn.); Hygromia hispida (Linn.) ;
Vallonia pulchella (Miill.); Pomatias elegans (Linn.) ; Jaminia muscorum *
(Linn.). Marine: Ostrea edulis, Linn. ; Mytilus ahs Linn.
The valve of Ostrea is much eroded, but the fragment of Iytzlus is
quite bright, and the nacre sub-iridescent. As Harlton is an inland
village and parish, the occurrence of marine species in such a deposit
is decidedly of interest.
Although there is no index forthcoming as to the age of this deposit,
1 Procured at a recent visit (April 7th, 1906).
BULLEN: HOLOCENE DEPOSIT AT HARLTON, 87
judging from the section given above, and its position on a higher
level, it may possibly antedate the other Romano-British deposit near
Butler’s Spinney.’
I have the pleasure of thanking Mr. Fisher for so kindly transcribing
his notes and lending his specimens for exhibition.
Note: The dark layer, marked by crosses (p. 85), is the loamy
layer with land shells in which Ostrea and Mytilus occurred. The
boy’s height is 5 feet.
1 Mr. A. Santer Kennard, F.G.S8., thinks, however, that the presence of Ostrea
edulis places it at Roman or post-Roman date. It may be so, but the denudation
and planing off of the deposit on the south side seems to demand a longer period
than he allows.
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS
FROM UGANDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES
OF MARTENSIA AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF ZLIMICOLARIA.
By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.
Read 9th March, 1906.
Tre specimens which form the subject of the present paper were
placed in my hands for identification by Mr. J. H. Ponsonby,
and include the following genera: Jlartensia, Achatina, Limicolaria,
Succinea, and Ampullaria. As might easily be expected in a collection
from Central Africa, the Limicolarié largely predominate ; many of
these appear to be varietal forms of already known species, though
there are two which I am unable to identify, and these I now venture
to describe in the present paper.
Marrensia Bowker®, n.sp.
Shell thin, depressed, perforate, keeled at the periphery, dull
brownish grey, ornamented at the sutures and periphery with
a chocolate-coloured band; whorls 5-6, sculptured with very fine
transverse strize and coarser lines of growth; base of shell somewhat
polished and sculptured with fine wavy spiral strie ; sutures impressed;
aperture obliquely lunate; peristome simple; columella descending
obliquely, and somewhat reflexed over the rather narrow umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 17°5, alt. 8°75 mm. ; aperture, diam. 8, alt. 7mm.
Hab.— Uganda district.
This species may be compared with JL. permanens,' Smith, also from
1 Journ. Malac., 1901, vol. vili, p. 94, figs. 2, 3.
PRESTON: ON MOLLUSCA FROM UGANDA. 89
Uganda, which appears to be its nearest ally; it is, however, more
depressed. than that species; moreover, it is of a darker colour, the
sculpture both on the spire and on the base is much finer, and the
umbilicus is much narrower.
Acuatina (Burtoa) Ninorica, Pfr.
Two specimens, one adult and in fine condition, the other young.
Limiconarta pimiprata, Martens.
A number of specimens exhibiting great diversity of coloration,
two of them being of an almost uniform pale-yellow tint.
Liviconarra Marrenstana, Smith.
Two specimens.
Limiconarta Ponsonsyl, n.sp.
Shell elongate, narrowly umbilicate, rather thin, painted throughout
with straight and zigzag bands and streaks of reddish brown; whorls
§—9, sculptured, especially on the first five or six volutions, with
coarse strie corresponding to the lines of growth and much broken up
by shallow spiral grooves, thus presenting a malleated appearance ;
suture impressed and somewhat crenulated; aperture inversely
auriform; columella straight, reflexed over the umbilical region, and
tinged with purple; peristome simple. Diam. maj. 25, alt. 56°5 mm. ;
| aperture, diam. 11, alt. 22mm.
Hab.—Uganda district.
Limiconarra SMITHI, n.sp.
Shell elongate, cylindrical, scarcely perforate, painted with streaks,
bands, and blotches of rich red brown, the last concentrated into
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
a much interrupted band just below the periphery; whorls 8-9,
sculptured with irregular spiral striz, and also, especially on the
fourth and fifth volutions, with coarser strie corresponding to the
lines of growth; suture impressed ; aperture inversely auriform ;
columella curved, narrowly reflexed over the umbilicus, purplish
white; peristome simple. Diam. maj. 16°5, alt. 43 mm. ; aperture,
diam. 7 5, alt. 14mm.
Hab,—Uganda district.
This species seems to be intensely variable in colour, some specimens
being marked as described above, others are only finely lined with
reddish brown, and others still are only painted with a single infra-
sutural band; it appears to be closely related to L. dimidiata, Marts.,
but differs from that species mainly in its more cylindrical form, and
in its more obsolete, though somewhat coarser, sculpture.
LiuiconartaA TENEBRICA, Rye.
Several brightly coloured specimens exactly similar in marking to
a number which I recently received from the northern shore of the
Victoria Nyanza.
LIM IcoLaRIAa TURRIFORMIS, Marts.
Ten specimens, including the typical form, the others varying in
colour from almost black to pale pink and light yellowish brown; some
are streaked with zigzag bands of deep chestnut, while others are of
an almost uniform pink or brownish yellow.
SuccinEa sp. (?).
One specimen.
AMPULLARIA Sp. (?).
One specimen.
Owing to the small amount of material to hand and the exceedingly
variable nature of the last two genera, I am unable to specifically
determine these.
na ic
i
nn
A
‘
,
*
ia)
‘
Tate aed
q eta re
Proc: Marvac. Soe. You. Vil. Pi.
H.Thomas del. e).Green lith et imp
- NEW. S.AUSTRALIAN) POLY PEACORHORA-
9]
ON NEW SPECIES OF POLYPLACOPHORA FROM
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
By W. T. Bepyatt and E. H. V. Matruews.
Read 9th March, 1906.
PLATE 1X.
CuiTron avUREOMACULATA, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 8-3f,
Shell elongately oval, carinate, side slope but very slightly arched.
Central area apparently smooth, but minutely reticulated under the
microscope, and showing no jugal track. Towards the base of the
area, on each side, are three sulei which are continuous throughout
the length of the shell, between the laterals, and but slightly indicated
on the terminal valves. Colour creamy white, irregularly besprinkled
with golden spots, varying in size and shape. Girdle inconspicuously
tinged with green.
Intermediate valves scarcely beaked; of even width, with the
exception of the first, which is nearly double that of the others.
Posterior margin smooth. Lateral areas narrow, with the diagonal
indifferently raised, and ornamented with two rows of pustules which
gradually increase in size as the margin is approached; pustules
distributed, one row on the diagonal, the other on the posterior
margin, intervening space smooth. The anterior valve has a row of
8 pustules round the girdle margin, and three on each side of its
posterior margin. The posterior valve has also a row of pustules
similarly placed to those on the anterior, as well as three pustules on
each end of a raised line, which traverses the valve at right angles
across the mucro. Mucro central and well defined; posterior slope
excavated. Interior very pale blue. Sinus wide and _ shallow.
Anterior valve with 8 slits, median 1--1, posterior 10. Girdle scales
smooth and convex. Length 12, breadth 3:5 mm.
Hab.—Marion Reef, Troubridge Island, on a small stone.
IscHNOCHITON RESPLENDENS, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 4—4f.
Shell elongately oval, elevated, scarcely carinated, very minutely
but regularly punctured throughout, more indistinctly so on the
lateral areas and anterior valve. Central valves slightly beaked ;
anterior valve larger than the others, and posterior valve with the
umbo anterior to the centre. Jugal tract creamy white, radiated with
ashen, assuming the appearance of ivory; pleural tracts a rich golden
brown, on which are limned bright blue lines, the lines sometimes
broken into irregularly shaped markings. Lateral areas but slightly
raised, nevertheless distinct, apparently smooth, but pitted like the
| remainder of the shell when seen through the microscope. They are
: of the same ivory tint, and painted with ashen streaks like the jugal
i
J
VOL. VII.—JUNF, 1906.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
tract. Girdle creamy white, clouded at regular intervals with dark
brown. Scales large, regular in disposition, rounded, and smooth.
Anterior valve with 9 slits, central valves 1-1, and posterior valve 11.
Length 25, breadth 15 mm.
Hab.—St. Vincent and Spencer’s Gulfs.
This species is a close ally to the South Australian form of
I. smaragdinus, Angas, but is appreciably different. It attains
a larger size, and is remarkable for a very distinct and brilliant pattern
of coloration, more particularly when viewed alive in its natural
element.
[This species was discovered by Mr. Matthews, who has taken all
the specimens yet found in our waters; but I have seen an example
which was obtained in the adjoining colony of Victoria.—W. T. B. |
OnirHocuitron AsuByl, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs, 2—2e.
Shell oblong, much elevated, valves rounded dorsally, side slopes
rapidly descending. Central area smooth, cream-coloured, with spots
and blotches of blood colour, more especially on the jugal tract.
Intermediate valves beaked. Lateral areas ornamented with a double
row of warty nodules of variable size, which, in some cases, coalesce.
A single row on the edge of the posterior margin. Anterior valve
‘with numerous little warty excrescences irregularly but not closely
disposed over its whole surface. Posterior valve one-half the width
of the other valves, which are of even width throughout. No slits
visible. Girdle felty, but under the lens covered with minute scales,
irregular in size and shape, like grains of sand. Sinus wide and deep
for a shell of this size. Length 8-5, diam. 4:5 mm.
Hab.—South Australia.
The figures of this species were not drawn by Mr. Thomas, and are
not very successful,
Leripopreurus Matrnewsranvs, Bednall, n.sp. Pl. IX, Figs. 1-1/.
Shell elongate, regularly arched; keel and lateral areas indistinct,
but clearly defined when seen through the lens; jugal area absent;
lateral slopes rounded. Colour grayish white. Anterior valve closely, |
minutely, regularly, radiately granulated throughout. Central valves |
similarly ornamented, the granulations running longitudinally on the ©
dorsal area, and radially on the lateral areas, the granulations by |
their direction defining the areas. Sutural plates small, triangular, —
and very distant, the jugal sinus consequently being exceedingly wide; _
posterior dorsal margin straight. Posterior valve as the others, and
with prominent central obtuse elevated apex, the slope to the margin
being slightly concave. (Bednall.) Length 9, breadth 3°5 mm.
Hab.—St. Vincent Gulf.
93
ON A SPECIES OF THE LAND MOLLUSCAN GENUS DYAKIA
FROM SIAM.
By Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwry-Avsren, F.R.S.
Read 6th April, 1906.
PLATE X.
I am indebted to Captain Stanley Flower, who was in Siam in 1898,
for the land shell I now describe. He collected and preserved a good
many species in spirits which he was good enough to place in my
hands. The genus Dyakia, type Hugonis, Pfr., was described by me
in 1891 in a paper on a collection of land mollusca formed by the late
Mr. A. Everett in Borneo, a naturalist who discovered so many new
and beautiful species in that island.
In this genus I included certain species described by Professor
Semper,’ which he had placed in Artophanta, a genus almost restricted
to Peninsular India, which has since been proved to be very distinct
and very distantly related to.these Malayan forms. These species
were Rumphii, v. d. Busch, sinistral, from Java; nemorensis, Miiller,
dextral, from Celebes ; rareguttata, Mousson, dextral, from Adanara,
near Flores; and striata, Gray, dextral, from -Singapur, this Last
collected by Von Martens. It is the same shell as naninoddes of
Benson, from the same locality. On a comparison of the shells in the
Natural History Museum a variety of this last species is, I find, the
subject of this paper, and was collected at Chantaboon. I show
further on its anatomical characters ; it well agrees with Professor
Semper’s description and figures of this species on pl. iii, figs. 2la—é,
with a few small specific differences. The interest les in the generic
extension of range from Borneo and the Malay Archipelago and
peninsula very much more to the north up to the continental area.
Pfeiffer (Mon. Helic. Vivent., vol. i, p. 70) gives the island of Chusan
as a habitat of conicoides. This would be a remarkable distribution
for the genus, and I should like to see it really confirmed by examina-
| tion of the animal.
Dyaxia striata (Gray), var.
Hab.—Chantaboon (Capt. Stanley Flower). °
Specimen dissected. Diam. maj. 27, min. 24°75 mm.; alt. 13 mm.
Animal.—Sole of foot (Fig. 11) rather smooth, not divided, folded
down the centre by contraction in the spirit specimen. The extremity
of the foot very square (Fig. I), no lobe above the mucous gland
| (Fig. IL), which is an oval depression, and in life I imagine some-
what pit shaped (wde Wiegmann’s drawing, pl. xxxvi, fig. 13, of
| D. Hugonis ?).
Sides of foot rather smooth, the peripodial grooves distinct, with
a broad fringed margin below them (Fig. I). The dorsal lobes
1 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1891, pp. 22-47.
* Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen.
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
(Fig. IV) are small, especially the left. The visceral sac is sparsely
speckled, with occasional dots on the apical portion. The buccal mass
is short and globose, with a very strong retractor muscle at the base.
The salivary glands are quite separate and well developed.
The jaw (Fig. XIII) is slightly arched, with no cen [peseenin.
The formula of the radula (Fig. XIV) is 61: 17: 1:17: 61, or
78: 1:78. The central tooth is tricuspid, narrow, oe elongate, the
first admedians also tricuspid. ‘The cusps get gradually smaller until
about the 14th tooth, and they merge into the curved, aculeate teeth
of the laterals (Figs. 22, 25). The marginal teeth (Fig. marg.) are
very minute.
The Genitalia (Figs. V—XIL).— Commencing at the generative
aperture, the penis (Fig. Va) is a simple shaft, joined by the vas
deferens and retractor muscle at the posterior end, the epiphallus
being exceedingly short. Close adjacent and just within the vestibule
is the opening of the amatorial organ (Fig. VII), a much larger
muscular eversible tube than the penis, about 6 mm. in length. At its
further end is situated a short, sharp-pointed, transparent calcareous
dart, on the point of a conical tubercle (Fig. XI). The tube is here
contracted into a long, gradually tapering, rope-like duct (Fig. VIIL)
about 8mm. long. ‘To the eye this has a twisted appearance, but
closer examination shows it to be a thinly sheathed cord (Fig. X11),
closely convoluted or puckered; it may thus possibly act as a spring
on the extension of the dart. This cord bifurecates more than once
(Fig. IX), and the ends are buried in a close, solid, cellular mass of
ellipsoidal form, folded and pointed at the anterior end, where it is
attached to the uterus by a short membrane (Fig. V), and thus kept
in position. In life no doubt this mass is less solid than as I
represent it; hardened and contracted by the spirit, it would be
divided into lobes more or less separable. When the animal retires
within the shell, this glandular mass lies packed alongside, and almost
covers the basal portion of the dart-sac (Figs. VI and VII), the cord-
like connection being folded beneath it (Fig. V). The spermatheca
(Fig. VI) is small, with rather a thickened base, thin and fining to
a point, having an attachment to the uterus, close to that of the
dart-sac gland.
Although the form of the teeth approaches those of D. striata from
Singapur, as described by Professor Semper (p. 54), there are not
nearly so many in the row, 156 : 190 respectively. The jaw of
striata has a central projection which is absent in this Siam species.
The form of the darts also ditfers (v¢de Semper’s fig., pl. iii, fig. 210).
It is thus a variety of striata. The genus can be divided into two
distinet sections by the form of the spermatheca, which is quite long
in LHugonis, nasuta, rareguttata, nemorensis, and Martini, moderately
long in Rumphii, very short in striata. In the first six species the
secretory glands of the amatorial organ are foliated, while in the last
two they are massed together.
It is interesting to note that this genus is not recorded by
Drs. Paul & Fritz Sarasin, in their valuable and excellent work on the
fauna of Celebes (p. 33), as being found on the main island. On |
GODWIN-AUSTEN: ON DYAKIA STRIATA, VAR. 95
anatomical grounds they record D. rareguttata under Nanina (Xesta),
from the small island of Saleyer, lying off the south coast, and thus
in connection with and through Flores, Sumbawa, and Bali, the
extreme eastern limit of its range, as yet known.
Borneo would appear to be its centre of dispersal, whence it extended
westward to the Malay Peninsula and as far as South Siam. It will
be interesting to see by what species it is represented in Cambodia
and Annam. ‘The same interest applies to another very remarkable
genus, Lverettia, the type, jucunda (P.Z.8., 1891, p. 33), possessing
curious multifid secretory glands on the amatorial organ. The bounds
of its distribution are unknown. Wiegmann’s researches have shown
that it extends to Celebes (see his excellent drawings of Lverettra
Mollendorfii, Kobelt, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-14), and it is recorded by the
brothers Sarasin (Land Moll. Celebes, p. 132). A species, fulvocarnia,
Marts., is placed with a doubt in the genus by Wiegmann; the Sarasins
put it into Macrochlamys, which, in spite of the radula being as in that
genus, is very doubtful. Its true position cannot be known until the
generative organs are seen, and these I do not expect will be like
those of the typical Indian species ; the shell-lappets are quite unlike,
to begin with.
The Bornean shell consul, Pfr., is undoubtedly an Hverettia, but
I see the Sarasins overlooked this, and in dealing with the distribution
of the fauna of Celebes (p. 38), in a comparative list of land shells of
Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, consul is put into Macrochlamys, and its ©
range extended to Sumatra. This requires verification by anatomical
examination of the animal. . consul belongs to a type of shell most
difficult to determine by shell character, and it has been recorded
from very unlikely habitats, such as Buru, probably from this cause.
We now know that very different animals construct very similar
shells, particularly those in the family Zonitidee, so that the shells
alone become very dangerous and deluding material in the study of
present distribution in relation to past geological change.
The genus Dyakia now contains the following nine species, con-
clusively shown by the work of Professor F. Wiegmann in his
excellent contribution to the Abhandlungen Senckenbergisch natur-
forsch. Gesellschaft, 1898, vol. xxiv, pp. 287-557, 11 vls., entitled
*‘ Landmollusken (Stylommatophoren): Zootomischer Teil,’ with
very accurately drawn plates :—
Dyakia:
Hugonis, Pfr., type of the genus. Figured by Godwin-Austen,
P.Z.8., 1891, pl. v, figs. 5-56. Borneo.
Hugonis, Ptr.(?). Figured by Wiegmann, L.c., pl. xxvi, figs. 13-23.
Borneo.
nasuta, Metcalfe. Figured by Godwin-Austen, l.c., pl. y, figs. 4-4e.
Borneo,
Rumphit, vy. d. Busch. Pieured by Semper, Reisen, pl. iii, fig. 18.
Java.
rareguttata, Mouss., var. sparsa, Semper, le., pl. iii, fig. 17.
Wiegmann, l.c., pl. x, figs. 16-20; pl. xi, figs 1-8. Flores,
Solor (Wallace).
96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Javanica, Lam. Java.
nemorensis, Miiller. Figured by Wiegmann, l.c., pl. ix, figs. 15-22 ;
pl. x, figs. 1-5; Semper, l.c.; pl. i, fig. 19. Flores.
cidaris, Lam. Figured by Wiegmann, pl. ix, figs. 12-14. Rotti.
Wiegmann states that although the generative organs were
incomplete, the five secretory glands were present on the
amatorial organ.
amphidroma, v. Mart. ( = Martini, Pfr.). Sumatra.
striata, Gray ( = naninoides, Benson). Figured by Semper, Le.,
pl. in, figs. 21a—d. Singapur.
The following (all from Borneo) are provisionally placed in this
genus, but the animals have yet to be examined :—zntradentata,
God.- Aust. : regalis, Benson; Busanensis, God.-Aust.; janus, Ptr. ;
Mindaiensis, Bock ; Moluensis, God.-Aust.
Malacologists are frequently led to speculate on the function of
accessory glands and cxecum-lke appendages of the genitalia of the
land mollusca, more particularly when they assume the large and
striking structure exemplified in the genera Dyakia and Everettia,
situated at the distal end of the dart-sac. It seems unlikely that
we shall ever know what their true office may be, whether of
excitant sensory nature or some nature unknown to us. — Pilsbry
culls them the ‘coronal glands,’ a good term indicating their
position with respect to the dart itself. We may assume they are
in a measure associated with the beautifully formed calcified darts,
because in other eastern genera the amatorial organ is less specialized,
the dart more or less soft and muscular, and the organ as a whole of
simple cylindrical form. Yet in contradiction to this we are met with
the fact that equally elaborately formed calciferous darts are present
in| Damayantia, Parmarion, Mireroparmarion, ete., with accessory
coronal glands absent. .
This leads me to allude to another anomalous, inexplicable
condition of the generative organs having reference to the dart-sac,
viz. that in species of Svtala, Durgella, Taphrospira, ete. The
amatorial organ is absent altogether , thus robbing it of much of its
lmportance in the reproductive economy, a state of things even more
difficult to account for than the presence and use of the complicated
coronal glands in the genera I have mentioned.!
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Fics. I-XIV. Dyakia striata, var.
D. amatorial organ; D.g/d. gland of amatorial organ; ov. ovary; P. penis;
y.m.P. retractor muscle of penis; sp. spermatheca; wt. uterus; v.d. vas deferens.
1 While writing this paper the October part (vol. xi, No. 8) of the Journal of
Cone hology has come to hand, which contains a ai of the sinistral shells in
the Manchester Museum by Mr. R. Standen. I notice the genus Ariophanta
is still made the receptacle for animals differing most widely. from each other.
Mr. Standen has evidently not seen what has been published by myself in 1891,
and later by Professor Wiegmann in 1898. In this list only /evipes (the type),
Soveata, thyreus, and Bajadera represent the genus Ariophanta.
Proc. Malac. Soc. : Vol. VIE. Pl xe
ae pull
ahd 3) pADN ( I47
marg:
H. H. G.-A. del.
ANATCMY OF DYAKIA STRIATA, VAR.
a7
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM PERU
AND COLOMBIA AND TWO NEW SPECIES OF CURVELLA
FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
By 8. I. Da Costa.
Read 6th April, 1906.
PLATE XI.
Gonrosromus suBHyBriDes, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 1.
Testa elongato-oblonga, fusiformis, anguste umbilicata, levigata,
alba, nigro-fusco flammata, punctis opaco-albis, irregularibus aspersa ;
spira acuminata; anfract. 62-7, convexiusculi, ultimus ad suturam
marginatus, spira paulo brevior, basi attenuatus, obtuse compresso-
carinatus; columella recta, reflexa; apertura oblonga, basi angulata et
eanaliculata; labrum subincrassatum, breviter expansum, rubrum.
Long. 50, diam. 19mm.; apertura 22 mm. longa, 9 lata.
Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru, 800 metres.
Of this fine shell only one specimen has been received. Its general
form resembles G@. hybridus, Gould, from Brazil; it is, however, much
more ventricose, has an additional whorl, is ornamented with blackish
flames on a white ground, instead of yellow on a dark purple ground,
but its most distinctive feature is that it 1s quite smooth, whereas both
G. hybridus and G. goniostoma are sculptured with close and unequal
spiral granules.
Drymzvus spapicevs, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 2, 3.
Testa pyramidali-ovata, umbilicata, tenuiuscula, levigata, nitida,
oblique obsolete striata, albida, strigis spadiceis longitudinalibus
flexuosis picta, supra anfract. ultimum fasclisque 2 castaneo-
nigricantibus (altera mediana et altera basali), albo-punctatis ornata ;
‘spira elongata, ad apicem obtusula, purpurea; anfract. 6, leviter
convexi, ultimus # longitudinis equans; apertura ampla, valde obliqua,
oblongo-ovalis, intus violacea; perist. album, undique dilatatum,
margine dextro valde expanso, columellari dilatato et reflexo. Long.
39, diam. 19 mm.; apertura cum perist. 21 mm. longa, 16 lata.
Hab.—Bogota.
This beautiful shell, described from an unique specimen, bears some
resemblance in its elaborate painting to D. flecuosus, Pfr., but differs
considerably in form, the last whorl being much larger and more
diagonally produced, and, in consequence, the aperture becomes more
oblique and larger; also the whorls of the spire are flatter than in
D. flecuosus, and the body-whorl lacks the dark crescent behind the
umbilicus as in that species.
98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
DrymM#vs ALABASTRINUS, D.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 4.
Testa fusiformi-ovata, late et profunde rimato-perforata, nitida,
translucida, alba, levigata, sub lente transversim minute striata; spira
subacuta, elongata, apice acutiusculo, pallide roseo; anfract. 74,
leviter convexi, ultimus convexiusculus, ? longitudinis equans; sutura
impressa, fere horizontalis; columella recta, late reflexa, dilatata ;
apertura ovata, effusa; perist. album, late expansum et reflexum.
Long. 33, diam. 15 mm. ; apertura cum perist. 15 mm. longa, 10 lata.
Hab.—Honda, Colombia.
A shell that reminds one of some of the forms of D. trigonostomus,
Jonas, from Venezuela. It differs, however, from that species, both
in the outline of the spire and the ovate and smaller aperture.
Besides the very fine spiral striz already referred to, the surface
exhibits the usual oblique lines of growth.
Drymaus Rosenperat, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 6.
Testa acuminato-ovata, anguste umbilicata, vix solidiuscula, nitida,
albida, strigis irregularibus castaneis ornata; spira acutiuscula, antrac.
6, modice convexi, sub lente tenuissime striati, ultimus # longitudinis
zquans; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato-ovalis; perist. tenue,
luteum, margine externo anguste expanso, columellari dilatato et
reflexo. Long. 20°5, diam. 9mm.; apertura 9 mm. longa, 6 lata.
Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru.
The writer, after searching the records of Pfeiffer and Pilsbry, as
well as among the collections of D’Orbigny and others in the British
Museum, concluded that this elegant little Drymeus was a new
species and deemed it worthy of description.
DrYMAUS CASTANEO-STRIGATUS, n.sp. Pl. XI, Fig. 5.
Testa oblongo-conica, anguste umbilicata, solidiuscula, levigata,
albida, strigis irregularibus castaneis ornata, strigis in anfractu ultimo
ad basim non attingentibus; spira subobtusa; anfrac. 6, convexiusculi,
ultimus #—} longitudinis sequans; sutura impressa; apertura ovalis,
intus lutescens ; perist. tenue, anguste expansum, margine dextro
luteo, columellari dilatato et reflexo. Long. 19, diam. 8°5 mm. ;
apertura 8°5 longa, 4°25 lata.
Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru.
This shell somewhat resembles D. Fosenberg?, but differs in having
a blunter spire, more convex whorls, and notably in the stripes
terminating before reaching the base of the shell.
Neocyctotus Peruvianus, n.sp. Pl, XI, Figs. 7-9.
Testa ampliter aperte umbilicata, depressa, ustulato-fusca, supra
peripheriam fascia angusta fulva cingulata, infra saturate late fasciata;
anfract. 43, convexi, ad suturam impressi, oblique filoso-striati ;
apertura oblique circularis, albo-cerulescens. Diam. maj. 38, min.
29 mm.
Hab.—Pozuzo, Eastern Peru.
There is a certain resemblance between this shell and WV. eengulatus,
Sowb., from Colombia, but it is less openly umbilicated and not so
Proc.MALAC. Soc. Vor. VIE Pre
J.Green del. lth et imp.
NEW SPECIES OF GONIOSTOMUS, DRYMAUS,
NEOGYCLOTUSce.CURVEREAS
DA COSTA: NEW MOLLUSCA FROM 8. AMERICA, ETC. 99
strongly striated. The different geographical distribution of the
two species should be sufficient to distinguish them. The shelly
operculum is thick and consists of 8-9 whorls, which are thickened
at the inner edge.
CuRVELLA MINUTA, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 12-14.
Testa oblongo-ovata, umbilicata, curvatim rugulose-striata, tenuis,
eretacea, alba; anfractus 53, convexi, ultimus # longitudinis eequans ;
apertura semi-ovalis; peristoma simplex, margine dextro arcuato,
supra recedente, columellari recto, dilatato et reflexo. Long. 7:4,
diam. 4°5mm.; apertura 5 mm. longa, 2:6 lata.
Hab.—Malbato, Busuanga I., Philippines.
These little shells formed part of Dr. Hungerford’s collection,
purchased many years ago by the writer, and were labelled ‘‘ Stenogyra
sp.,” but from their peculiar sculpture they belong to the genus
Curvella, formerly named Hapalus.
CURVELLA ALABASTRINA, n.sp. Pl. XI, Figs. 10-11.
Testa oblongo-ovata, umbilicata, tenuis, nitida, curvatim rugulose-
striata, pellucide albida; anfractus 6, convexiuscuh, ultimus # longi-
tudinis equans; apertura ovalis; peristoma simplex, margine dextro
arcuato, columellari recto, leviter recedente dilatato et reflexo.
Long. 17, diam. 9mm.; apertura 9 mm. longa, 4°5 lata.
Hab.—Guimaras, Philippines.
From the same collection as the preceding species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
Fie. 1. Goniostomus subhybridus, n.sp.
» 2,3. Drymeus spadiceus, D.sp.
ee 3 alabastrinus, 0.sp.
og, Oe 39 castaneo-strigatus, D.Sp.
33 6 ne Rosenbergi, n.sp.
s, %-9. Neocyelotus Peruvianus, n.sp.
», 10,11. Curvella alabastrina, u.sp.
», 12-14. Curvella minuta, n.sp.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
NOTE ON SWAINSON’S GENUS VOLUTILITHES.
By R. Bortten Newron, F.G.S.
Read 6th April, 1906.
PLATE XII.
I nave been induced to examine the history of Swainson’s genus
Volutilithes in consequence of an enquiry made by Professor W. H.
Dall, of Washington, as to the value of Volutilithes pertusa, a new
species of fossil shell described and figured in the original account
of that genus. As a result of my investigations, I find that con-
chologists have hitherto associated the wrong type with Volutilithes;
and instead of that being the Conus spinosus of Linnzeus (‘‘ Systema
Nature,’ 1758, 10th ed., p.715) it should be Lamarck’s Voluta murveina.
A discrepancy of this kind has probably arisen through some difficulty
in obtaining the work known as ‘ Zoological Illustrations,’ where
Swainson first described the genus in 1831. This author’s later and
better known book of 1840, called ‘‘A Treatise on Malacology,”
contained a second notice of Volutilithes, the form spinosus being the
first mentioned among a number of established species which were
included in the genus, and that which has ever since been regarded as
the type. This Linnean shell, it should be noted, is in no way
referred to by Swainson in the original description of Volutilithes ; in
fact, his earlier observations are not even alluded to in this subsequent
account of the genus. To further elucidate some of the points connected
with the subject, it is advisable to include here a transcription of the
full text of Swainson’s first notice of the genus, so that students not
acquainted with the work in question may be in a position to consider
the matter for themselves. In making this extract I have inserted
certain references within square brackets for purposes of explanation
which are not in the original text :—
‘‘ VoLUTILITHES MURICINA. [ PI. XII, Fig. 1.]
{Zoological Ilustrations, 1831, ser. 11, vol. ii, No. 12, pl. lii, fig. 1.]
Family Volutide. Subfamily Volutine. Mob. (Genus Voluta, Lam.)
Generic character.—Spiral whorls regularly and gradually diminishing
towards the apex, which is always acute. Plaits of the pillar
numerous, always indistinct, generally evanescent, and sometimes
wanting. Vobis.
Type.—Voluta musicalis (?), Lam.
Specific character.—Shell nearly fusiform, the base narrow and
smooth ; the upper part with longitudinal, subcostated, spinous plaits:
inner lip thickened, the last plait on the pillar very thick, and
separated from the others, which are slender and nearly obsolete,
by a deep groove.
NEWTON: ON VOLUTILITHES. 101
Voluta muricina, Lam., [Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., 1822, Ist ed., vol. vii, p. 350,
non ‘* Systeme,” as quoted by Swainson ; | Ency. Méth., pl. 383, fig. 1.
The fourth principal division of the Lamarckian Volutes has
hitherto been found only in a fossil state, unless, indeed, the Voluta
Braziliana really belongs to this type. The species are very numerous,
both in the London Clay andin the Caleatre grossier of Grignon. They
offer some beautiful types of form, representing the conterminous
groups in this family, some of which we may hereafter notice more
particularly. The pre-eminent type may probably be the V. musicalis
of Lamarck; as yet, we only know this fossil from descriptions and
figures, but it has obviously been confounded with several others.
Lamarck has given a character so exquisitely finished of V. muricina
that we have done little more than translate his words. Our specimen
- appears to be from Grignon, and was furnished to us with the following
by Messrs. Stuchbury, 33, Theobald’s Road, Bedford Row.
VoLUTILITHES PERTUSA. [ Pl. XII, Fig. 2. ]
Shell subfusiform, and the base striated; the upper part with thick,
remote, and somewhat nodulous ribs; transversed near the suture
with lines of punctured strive ; inner lip thickened, plaits on the pillar
distinct, the last very strong, the two next smaller, and the upper very
slender.
This species is certainly undescribed by Lamarck, nor do we find it
in Dr. Fleming’s useful compendium of the ‘Mineral Conchology.’
Our specimen has the grey tinge of the London Clay fossils. Neither
of these species are typical, as they represent the recent costated
Volutes in the adjoining group.”
It is obvious from this account that Swainson was in doubt as to the
type of Volutilithes from the fact that he queried Voluta musicalis of
Lamarck, the form selected as the type, and by further stating in the
text that ‘‘the pre-eminent type may probably be the V. musicalis of
Lamarck,” he being only familar with that species from figures and
descriptions and not from actual specimens.
In the present argument, however, such a point is apparently of
little consequence, for on analysing the Lamarckian species, which is
a well-known Eocene shell common to the Anglo-Parisian basin, it is
found to be a closely related form of the modern Voluta musica, the
type of Voluta as emended by Lamarck, and therefore a member of
that genus.
It follows then that Lamarck’s musicalis, being a true Voluta,
necessarily invalidates its subsequent use by Swainson as an example
of Volutilithes; and while on the subject of Voluta it may be mentioned
that the genus Volutolyria was founded by H. Crosse in 1877 for the
reception of Voluta musica of Linneus, and therefore becomes
a synonym of Voluta, this fact having been explained by M. Cossmann
in his ‘‘ Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée,’”’ 1899, 3rd livraison,
pp. 109, 110.
The second species included by Swainson in Volutilithes was the
Voluta muricina of Lamarck, a shell known alike in the Eocene
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIELY.
deposits of both England and France. As far as can be ascertained,
this species was never previously occupied for the type of another
genus; so that it is clearly available for recognition as the type of
Volutilithes. It is certain, also, that Swainson was anxious to
emphasize the importance of Lamarck’s shell, since he headed the
whole history of his new genus with ‘* Volutilithes muricina.”
The late Paul Fischer also used the same Lamarckian shell for the
type of Hopsephea, consequently this will now become a synonym of
Volutilithes. In all Gastropods the details of the protoconch are of
essential value for purposes of classification, and particularly among the
Volutide, where so much variation has been observed by Cossmann,
Dall, Crosse, and other authorities. This character is very distinctive
in well-preserved examples of Volutilithes muricina, especially those
obtained from the Parisian Eocene, the protoconch consisting of two
smooth mammillated whorls surmounted by a laterally situated,
conically pointed nucleus.
Such a change of types as is here suggested unfortunately renders
a long list of species, hitherto regarded as Volutilithes, without
a generic name. Many of these shells are referred to by M. Cossmann
in his comprehensive treatise already alluded to (‘ Essais,”’ etc.), at
the head of which stands the Eocene Voluta | Conus | spinosa, Linneus,
Swainson’s type of his later Volutilithes. ‘lo embrace this group of
species under the same type it is proposed to replace Swainson’s
Volutilithes of 1840 by the new name of Volutospina.
The third shell referred to as belonging to Volutilithes is the
new species, pertusa, which is said to exhibit ‘‘ the grey tinge of the
London Clay fossils.’ This term ‘‘ London Clay,’ as used in
Swainson’s time, was applied to most of the fossiliferous clays found
in the Lower Tertiary rocks of the London and Hampshire Basins, and
not as at present restricted for a particular geological horizon. It is
therefore not surprising to find, after a careful comparison of the
fossil Volutes in the ‘‘ Frederick Edwards ” and other collections at the
British Museum, that this Volutclithes pertusa is the same shell as was
figured by J. Sowerby as Voluta costata in the ‘‘ Mineral Conchology,”
1821, vol. ii, pl. cexe, figs. 2, 4, but which, differing from Solander’s
shell (represented by fig. 1 of Sowerby’s plate) of an earlier date and
similar name, was subsequently included by Edwards in his Voluta
humerosa' (Mon. Paleontog. Soc., 1854, p. 171, pl. xxii, fig. 6), a
characteristic Upper Eocene species found in the Barton Clay of
Hampshire, and which is apparently unknown in the corresponding
deposits of the Paris Basin.
1 It should be noted that the original figures of V. hewnerosa of Edwards do not
clearly exhibit the characteristic spiral striations which are so well expressed in
the types as well as in all other examples of the species. This ornamentation,
as in Swainson’s figures of pertusa, is mainly confined to the sutural and basal
areas of this shell, thus differmg from Solander’s J”. costata, where the entire
surface of the volutions is transversely lineated. There are, of course, other
distinctions to separate these species, but it is not necessary to enlarge upon them
at the present time.
NEWTON: ON VOLUTILITHES. 108
Swainson’s V. pertusa was, however, never referred to by Edwards in
his monograph on the Eocene Mollusca, and it is possible that he was
not familiar with the ‘ Zoological Illustrations” for 1831; in any case
it is quite certain that the older name must be acknowledged, whilst
V. humerosa must be relegated to synonymy.
Since Swainson’s description appeared this shell has only been
once systematically noticed in literature, and that was by Deshayes
(see Deshayes and Milne Edwards’ edition of Lamarck’s Hist. Nat.
Anim. sans Vert., 1844, vol. x, p. 430), who described it as Voluta
pertusa, Swainson, and localised it as a ‘‘ Fossile de Courtagnon.” No
locality is given in Swainson’s original text for this species, so that
the statement as to ‘“‘Courtagnon’’ was made without authority and
is absolutely incorrect, the shell having been obtained from Barton
and not from the French Eocenes. In much more modern times
M. Cossmann has recognized that Voluta humerosa of Edwards
should be associated with Gray’s genus Zyria (see Cossmann’s
“‘Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée,’”’ 1899, 3rd livr., p- 114),
although the evidence is greatly in favour of its being a true
Volutilithes, the protoconch appearing to have the same elements of
structure as characterize Lamarck’s murveina.
The genera and species involved in this discussion may be tabulated
as under, the distribution in time being taken from Cossmann’s ‘‘ Essais”’
before quoted :—
Voruta, Linneeus, emend. Lamarck.
Linn., Systema Nature, 1758, 10th ed., p. 729; Lamarck, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat.
arise 99s ps a0.
Synonym.—Volutolyria, H. Crosse, Journ. Conchyliologie, 1877,
wol. xxv, p. 99.
Type.—Voluta musica, Linneus. A fossil example= Voluta musicalis,
Lamarck.
Distribution in time.—Tertiary (Eocene) to Recent.
Voruritirnes, Swainson.
Zoological Hlustrations, 1831, ser. 1, vol. ii, pl. lili, fig. 2.
Synonym.—Lopsephaa, P. Fischer, Manuel Conchyliologie, 1883,
p. 607.
Type.—Voluta muricina, Lamarck. Another example is Volutilithes
pertusa, Swainson.
Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Turonian) to Tertiary (Eocene).
Vorvrosprna, R. Bullen Newton, nom. mut.
Synonyms.—Plejona, Bolten, pars, Museum Boltenianum, 1798, p. 59;
Volutilithes, Swainson, A ‘Treatise on Malacology, 1840, p. 318, non
Swainson, 1831.
Type.— Conus spinosus, Linneeus.
Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Turonian) to Recent (= Philip-
prana, Dall).
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Votutocorsis, W. H. Dall.
Trans. Wagner Free Instit. Sci. Philadelphia, 1890, vol. iii, p. 75.
Type.— Voluta limopsis, Conrad.
Distribution in time.—Cretaceous (Senonian) to Recent (= Voluta
abyssicola, Adams & Reeve, and Volutilithes Gichristi, G. B. Sowerby).
Professor Dall described this form ( Volutocorbis) as a subgenus of
Swainson’s Volutilithes of 1840.
Norr.—Since the reading of this paper, Professor W. H. Dall has
published some notes on the Volutidee in Zhe Nautilus for April,
1906, vol. xix, No. 12, p. 148. Referring to Volutilithes of Swainson,
he states that the name ‘‘ was proposed for the shells to which Fischer
later gave the name of Hopsephaa. The type is Voluta muricina, Lam.
The shells typified by Voluta spinosa, and which are usually called
Volutilithes, will probably take the name of Plejona, Bolten, 1798.”’
The claims of the Boltenian name are, however, much too unsatisfactory
for serious consideration, as a glance at its history will readily
demonstrate. Plejona was founded by Bolten in 1798 ( Museum
Boltenianum, p. 59), the first species referred to, and which should be
regarded as the type, being P. fossz/is, a form based upon some figures
in Dezallier d’Argenville’s ‘‘ L’ Histoire Naturelle éclaircie dans deux
de ses parties principales. La Lithologie et la Conchyliologie,” 1742,
pl. xxxui, fig. 10, p. 393. Now this so-called figure 10 comprises
four separate illustrations of what are termed ‘* Muricites,”’ all of which
belong to different shells, and which may be fairly easily recognizable,
commencing from the left of the plate, as Voluta musicalis, Volutilithes
muricina, Volutospina spinosa, and Melongena melongena (this last shell
kindly determined for me by Mr. E. A. Smith). It is not possible
from a group of shells like this to select one in particular as the type
of Plejona, and Bolten having failed to specify that which he regarded
as such, there is no alternative but to omit this name from the
conchological list. I am indebted to Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S., for
kindly directing my attention to Professor Duall’s interesting com-
munication on this subject.
roc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VII, Pl. XU.
q ,
4 VOLUTILITHES.
I. muricina. 2. pertusa.
‘ (Reproduction of Swainson’s plate.)
105
FURTHER REMARKS ON THE GENUS CHLIORITIS, WITH
DESCRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES.
By) G.. K. Gun, ¥-Z:8.
Read 6th April, 1906.
PLATE XIII.
Since writing my former article on the genus Chloritis (ante,
pp- 40-50) new material of much interest has reached me from various
sources. Colonel Beddome, Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton, Mr. E. A.
Smith, and Mr. E. R. Sykes—to whom I am much indebted—have all
contributed undescribed forms, and my own collection has further
yielded three new species. Mr. Schepman, of Rhoon, Holland, has
kindly sent to me for inspection a number of shells belonging to the
Leyden Museum. Of these I refer three, from the Xulia Islands to
C. macrostoma; they vary somewhat in elevation of the spire, and the
peristome is somewhat more thickened than in the type; one of them,
moreover, has the umbilicus narrower, and half covered by the
- columellar margin of the peristome, while the last whorl descends
a little, but is not deflexed. Another of the Leyden Museum shells
refer to C. biomphala; it is from Taliabu Island, a new habitat for
the species. I have appended a list of the species of Chloritis,
brought up to date, adding all bibliographical references not included
in Pilsbry’s Manual of Conchology. I have omitted from the list the
species named bulbulus, zodiacus, Howes, and Bonthainensis, the
| brothers Sarasin having demonstrated that they pertain to the genus
| Planispira. On the other hand, I have included several species placed
_ by Pilsbry in Planispira, e.g. delibrata and its allies, as these appear
to me to fall more naturally into the genus under consideration.
I take this opportunity of recording my deep obligation to Mr. Smith
for valuable assistance in compiling the list.
Cutoritis Beppometr, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Fig. 1.
| Shell widely umbilicated, solid, depressed conoid, dark chestnut,
shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle, finely and distantly plicate-
| striate, decussated with close microscopic spiral lines; spire convex,
| apex obtuse, suture somewhat deep. Whorls 54, increasing slowly
| and regularly, compressed above, rounded at the periphery, flattened
_ below, obtusely angulated round the widely excavated umbilicus; last
| whorl scarcely descending in front, slightly dilated towards the mouth.
Aperture elliptic, little oblique, margins convergent, united by
| a flexuous thread-like ridge. Peristome a little thickened, expanded,
and reflexed ; upper and outer margins arcuate, basal sinuous, projecting
forward, columellar obliquely ascending into and impinging upon the
umbilicus, then curved forward and towards the body-whorl and
continued into the flexuous thread-like parietal ridge. Diam. maj.
28°5, min. 23°5 mm.; alt. 15°5 mm.
106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Hab.—New Guinea.
Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection.
. Compared with its only known ally, C. selenitoides, from Buru, the
new species is larger, has 4 whorl more, a relatively larger diameter,
and shorter axis, the whorls are more flattened, the umbilicus is wider,
and the columellar margin of the peristome ascends farther into the
umbilicus, while the aperture is more dilated transversely, and the
peristome is more expanded. Dedicated to Colonel Beddome, who
received the shell from the Leyden Museum, and who has kindly
placed this and two other species in my hands for description.
CHLORITIS HOLOSERICA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 2, 2a.
Shell umbilicated, discoid, pale chestnut brown, finely striated,
shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle; spire plane, suture shallow.
Whorls 5, increasing slowly and regularly (the last rather suddenly),
subangulated above, rounded at the side and below; last whorl
a little dilated behind the peristome, descending nearly as far as the
periphery, not deflected infront. Aperture oblique, roundly crescentic ;
margins distant, united by a slightly raised flexuous callus, upper
margin ascending slightly at first, then arcuate ; basal nearly straight;
columellar dilated a little, ascending forward, slightly overhanging the
narrow deep umbilicus, peristome white or roseate, thickened, expanded,
and reflexed. Diam. maj. 24, min. 21°5mm.; alt. 12°5 mm.
Hab.—North New Guinea (Mus. Cuming).
Type in the British Museum ?
Two specimens from the Cuming Collection were labelled C. Gruneri,
var. They are, however, distinct, measuring more than one-third less in
diameter, and not being granulated like that species; the plane spire,
wider umbilicus, and much less developed peristome and callus still |
further separate this species.
CHLORITIS TERES, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 3, 3a.
Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed conoid, fulvous corneous,
irregularly striated, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle (Fig. 3a),
somewhat sparsely covered with stiff, short, dark bristles arranged in
quincunx ; when denuded, the surface is seen to be studded with small
tubercles placed in shallow depressions. Whorls 4-43, increasing
slowly, the last rather suddenly, and dilated towards the mouth,
deeply deflected in front, tumid, scarcely angled round the umbilicus.
Aperture subrotundate, oblique, margins convergent ; peristome white
or tinged with fuscous, thin, a little expanded, not reflexed; margins
curved evenly, columellar obliquely ascending, triangularly dilated, and
slightly overhanging the moderate umbilicus. Diam. maj. 19°5,
min. 16 mm.; alt. 13mm.
Hab.—New Ireland (Cox Collection).
Type in the British Museum.
A series of shells was received from Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton,
accompanied by a note in Dr. Cox’s writing—‘‘ I can’t come to any
conclusion about these specimens. From New Ireland.” At first it was |
thought they pertained to C. eustoma, but upon careful comparison —
|
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 107
with the type in the British Museum it was found that this form
presented considerable differences which justified its being raised to
specific rank. It is less depressed in the spire, the umbilicus is
narrower, not obliquely excavated, and much less angulated, the
whorls are more tubular, the last whorl is more dilated at its
termination, the axis is higher in proportion to the diameter; the
peristome is thinner, less expanded, not reflexed, and the hairs are
more distant. The most salient feature, however, is the character of
the raised tubercles placed in shallow depressions. The shells before
me can be grouped into two series in about equal proportions; one
typical, ranging in size from diam. 21°, alt. 15 mm. to 19°5 and
13mm.; the other a little more depressed in the spire, the axis
a little shorter in relation to the diameter, and the umbilicus a little
wider, ranging in size from diam. 21, alt. 14 mm. to 18°5 and 12°5 mm.
CHLORITIS SILENUS, Angas.
Chloritis conjuncta, Gude, ante, p. 47.
When considering this species I thought the material at my disposal
justified me in separating a number of forms as a distinct species
under the name C. conjuncta. Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton have
. kindly submitted a number of shells which demonstrate that the two
extremes are linked by intermediate forms, and the name conjuncta
must therefore be relegated to the synonymy of C. selenus.
CHLoRITIS FRAUDULENTA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Fig. 4.
C. Rehset, Gude (not of Mart.): Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1904), p. 115.
Shell moderately umbilicated, depressed globose, blackish chestnut,
shining ; spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture shallow. Whorls 4, sub-
compressed, subangulated above the periphery, dilated towards the
mouth, then constricted, more so below, obtusely angulated round
the obliquely excavated umbilicus; finely plicate-striate, the strize
arcuate and pronounced at the suture; the first 24 whorls covered
_ with minute, very crowded hair-points, arranged in quincunx,
becoming sparser on the last half of the penultimate whorl, dis-
appearing altogether on the last whorl, which descends shortly, but
deeply, in front. Aperture semi-ovate, oblique ; peristome thickened,
expanded and reflexed, bluish, becoming blackish at the edge, margins
a little convergent, evenly curved, columellar triangularly dilated and
_ overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 39, min. 31 mm. ; alt. 31 mm,
Huab.—Dinawa, British New Guinea (KE. A. Pratt).
Type in my collection.
The present shell was at first considered to be a form of C. Rehser,
but careful comparison has convinced me that we have here a distinct
species. The axis is shorter in proportion to the diameter, the spire is
more depressed, the aperture is more dilated transversely, the last
whorl is more dilated towards the mouth, less tumid below, devoid of
hair-scars and spiral furrows below, the narrower umbilicus is sub-
angulated, the peristome less expanded and less reflexed, the surface
more plicate, and the hair-scars on the earlier whorls more crowded.
; An immature specimen of 3} whorls in beautifully fresh condition
VOL. VII.—JUNE, 1906. 8
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
shows the hair-points as minute tubercles; these disappear somewhat
suddenly near the termination of the third whorl.
Cutoritis CHALLENGERI, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 5-56.
Shell umbilicated, depressed conoid, fragile, dark reddish-chestnut,
finely striated, shining under a velvety deciduous cuticle, decussated
with close microscopic spirals; spire conoid, suture impressed, apex
raised, the nepionic (14) whorls finely granulated. Whorls 43,
rounded above, subangulated above the periphery, slightly compressed
below, subangulated round the moderate umbilicus, which has one
or two spiral sulci inside, last whorl scarcely descending in front,
a little constricted behind the peristome. Aperture oblique, roundly
obovate; margins approaching, evenly rounded; peristome thin, rosy-
purplish, slightly expanded ; columellar margin triangularly dilated
and slightly overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16, min. 14mm.;
alt. 10 mm.
Hab.—Queensland (‘‘ Challenger” Expedition).
Type in the British Museum.
Six specimens, one of them immature, showing the finely granulated
nepionie 14 whorls very distinctly. The present species is allied to
C. mansueta, being similar in shape, but the latter is more solid and
paler, and the whorls increase more slowly, while the granules, so
conspicuous in that shell, are lacking in the new species. C. Porter?,
another allied form, has a narrower umbilicus and a more contracted
aperture; the short, stiff, dark bristles still further differentiate that
species from both C. mansueta and C. Challengert.
Cuoritis astmus, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 6-6e.
Shell umbilicated, conoid, finely striated, whitish corneous, covered
with soft, short, very crowded, pale hairs, arranged in quincunx
(Fig. 6c); spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture impressed. Whorls 4,
convex, obtusely angulated round the narrow umbilicus; last whorl
slightly descending, then suddenly and shortly deflexed in front,
slightly dilated, then strongly gibbous and narrowly constricted
behind the peristome. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins convergent ;
peristome rosy-red, a little thickened, somewhat broadly expanded
and flattened, not reflexed; upper and outer margins arcuate, basal
nearly straight, forming a slight angle with the columellar margin,
which ascends obliquely, is triangularly dilated, and slightly impinges
upon the obliquely excavated umbilicus, which has a short furrow
on the oblique portion. Diam. maj. 9°5, min. 8mm.; alt. 5°5 mm.
Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland.
Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection.
Alhed to C. brevipila, but the last whorl is more gibbous and
contracted behind the peristome, which is more expanded and flattened,
but not reflexed; basal margin straight, and the hairs excessively
minute and close.
Cutoritis AGAMEMNON, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 7-7e.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed conoid, reddish corneous,
very finely striated, covered with excessively crowded and _ short
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 109
bristles (Fig. 7¢); spire depressed, apex obtuse, suture deep, channelled.
Whorls 43, increasing regularly, .tumid, subangulated round the
narrow but deep umbilicus; last whorl not descending. Aperture
lunate, little oblique, margins convergent. Peristome fuscous, thin,
little expanded; upper and outer margins arcuate ; basal straightened,
forming a slight angle with the columellar margin, which ascends
obliquely, is reflexed, and triangularly dilated, impinging upon the
umbilicus. Diam. maj. 10°5, min. 9mm. ; alt. 6mm.
Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland.
Type in Colonel Beddome’s collection.
A pretty little species, unlike any | have seen from that region,
but evidently belonging to the group of C. brevipila. This and the
preceding species were received with Brazier’s MS. names, which
I have adopted, as specimens may have been distributed to other
collectors under those names.
Cutoritis Mansonensis, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 9-98.
Shell moderately umbilicated, thin, translucent, shining, corneous,
rather evenly and distantly ribbed above and at the side, slightly
striated below, the striz decussated by distant shallow spiral sulci.
Spire strongly depressed, apex obtuse, suture rather deep. Whorls
43, a little flattened above and below, rounded at the periphery ;
obtusely angulated round the moderate, deep umbilicus; last whorl
descending a little, and slightly deflexed in front, a little dilated
towards the mouth. Aperture rotundate-lunate, oblique; margins con-
vergent; peristome thin, not thickened, slightly expanded, columellar
margin slightly dilated above and impinging upon the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 16, min. 13°5 mm.; alt. 8mm. ~
Hab.—Tonkin.
Type in my collection. .
From Mr. Fruhstorfer I received this shell with the MS. name
“ Mansonensis, Mlldff.,”? but as it does not appear to have been
published I venture to describe and figure it. The species is allied
to C. insularis, but that shell possesses 5} whorls, and measures
18mm. It is also more depressed in the spire, while it lacks the
riblets of the new species.
CHLORITIS RUFOFASCIATA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 8—8e.
Shell umbilicated, discoid, fragile, translucent, pale corneous, with
a narrow, red, supra-peripheral band, finely and regularly striated,
very minutely and densely granulated, the granules arranged in
quincunx (Fig. 8c); spire plane, suture impressed. Whorls 4,
convex above, obtusely angulated above the periphery, obliqueiy
sloping and convex below, distinctly angulated round the funnel-shaped
umbilicus ; last whorl slightly descending in front, not deflexed.
Aperture securiform, scarcely oblique ; margins a little convergent,
united by a thin callus. Peristome thin, acute, white, a little
expanded; upper margin nearly straight, outer strongly curved, basal
nearly straight, forming an angle with the columellar margin, which
is reflexed, triangularly dilated, and impinges slightly upon the
umbilicus. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12 mm.; alt. 7mm.
110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
LTab.—West Sumatra.
Type in Mr. Sykes’ collection. ,
Allied to C. Smithi, but not tubercled like that species. It is
smaller, the last whorl is not deflexed, not concave above the periphery,
and the peristome is thinner and not reflexed.
Cutoritis Syxest, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 10-10¢.
Shell umbilicated, depressed conoid, pale corneous, fragile, trans-
lucent, shining under a velvety cuticle (Fig. 10c), finely striated,
covered with very short, crowded, pale bristles arranged in quincunx.
Spire subplane, apex sunk, suture impressed. Whorls 43, convex
above, rounded at the side, slightly compressed below, obtusely
angulated round the moderate pervious umbilicus; last whorl scarcely
descending, not deflexed in front, slightly dilated towards the mouth.
Aperture crescentic, little oblique, margins convergent ; peristome
thin, fuscous, shortly reflexed ; upper and outer margins arcuate,
basal forming an obtuse angle with the columellar margin, which is
nearly vertical, slightly dilated above, shortly ascending forward,
and slightly impinging upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 16°5, min.
14°5 mm.; alt. 10 mm.
Hab.—West Sumatra.
Type in Mr. Sykes’ collection.
The present species resembles C. Fruhstorferd in contour, but is
a little more depressed, the hairs are much crowded, not tubercled; the
peristome is thinner, and the columellar margin less dilated. Compared
with C. Everetti, the whorls are less tumid, and the umbilicus is wider.
Another ally is C. tabularis, but that species is larger, less depressed,
darker in colour, the columellar margin is less oblique, the umbilicus
narrower, less obliquely excavated, and less angulated, while the
hairs are slightly less crowded. This and the preceding species were
kindly placed in my hands for description by Mr. Sykes.
CuLonitis EURYCHASMA, n.sp. Pl. XIII, Figs. 11-11e.
Shell perforate, compressed conoid, pale corneous, rather thin,
translucent, finely striated, covered with very short, crowded hairs
arranged in quincunx (Fig. 11¢). Spire conoid, apex prominent, suture
impressed. Whorls 4 (the first two minutely granulated), convex
above, obtusely angulated at the periphery, becoming rounded towards
the mouth, tumid below; last whorl descending shortly, abruptly
deflexed in front below the periphery, gibbous and then narrowly
constricted behind the peristome. Aperture obovate, margins distant,
united by a somewhat solid callus on the parietal wall. Peristome
fuscous, a little thickened, shortly reflexed; upper, outer, and basal
margins arcuate, columellar broadly dilated, more than half covering
the narrow perforation of the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 15, min. 13°5 mm. ;
alt. 11 mm.
Hab.—Sjerah Island (? Sera), north of Tenimber.
Type in my collection.
I have adopted the MS. name C. eurychasma, Boettger, under which
the shell was received by the writer from the late Bruno Strubell.
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. iia
The name occurs in Mr. Fulton’s list in Proc. Malac. Soe., vol. iit
(1899), p. 213, but, as far as 1 am aware, no description was ever
published. In the shape of the aperture and the broadly dilated
columellar margin of the peristome, the new species resembles
C. Romaensis, but that shell is more globose, more elevated in the
spire, the umbilicus is completely covered, and the cuticle is devoid of
hairs or scars.
9
10
Genus CHLORITIS, Beck.
Section CHtoriris, s.s.
. ungulina, Linn.; var. minor, Fér. Ceram.
. Eduard, Gude. Moluccas.
unguiculina, Mart. ; var. fusca, Gude.” Buru.
. biomphala, Pir. Ceram, Celebes, ‘Taliabu.
omphalospura, Mildtf.® China.
diplomphala, Mildff. China.
biconcava, Hde. China. = Outangensis, Crosse.
molina, Hde. China.
. Minahasse, Sart Celebes.
. Martensi, Pfr. Ceram.
. cheratomorpha, Tap. New Guinea.
. Talabensis, Kob.° Celebes.
. heteromphala, Pils. Moluccas.
. mima, Fult.7 Buru.
C. circumdata, Fér. Aru, Mysol, Waigiou, New Guinea.
C. molliseta, Pfr. Mysol.
C. pervicina, Smith.®
C. Lansbergiana, Dohrn. ? New Guinea.
C. Maforensis, Tap.; New Guinea. Var. micromphalus, Pils.; Aru.
C. unguiculastra, Mart.; var. Buruensis, Mart.; var. Amboinensis,
Mart.; var. pilosa, Mart. Buru, Amboina.
C. flexuosa, Pfr.= Ceramensis, Pir. Ceram.
C. unguicula, Fér.= Yoldii, Mirch. Ceram, Amboina.
C. Ponsonbyi, Gude. Moluccas.
Section Prycuocutoritis, Mlldff.°
C. Grunert, Pir. Buru.
C. mirabilis, Mildff." Buru.
C. holoserica, n.sp."° New Guinea.
Se See Soe oR Se
Ante, p. 41.
Ante, p. 41.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1897, p. 29.
Die Land-Mollusken von Celebes, 1899, p. 199, pl. xxv, fig. 250.
Abh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. vi (1896-7), No. 5, p. 3-
Man. Conch., vol. vi (1891), pl. li, figs. 60-62. (No description.) Gude,
ante, p. 43.
Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii (1899), p. 214, pl. xi, fig. 7.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xx (1897), p. 411, pl. ix, figs. 8-10.
Ante, p. 42.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1902, p. 199.
1! Loe. cit., p. 199.
2 Ante, p. 106.
C.
C
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
exacta, Pfr. New Guinea.
. Buruana, Mildff.! Buru.
C. macrostuma, Gude.? Bangaya, Nulla.
C
. latecostata, Kob.* Borneo.
C. Balantensis, Kob.*
C. Beddomei, u.sp.2 New Guinea.
C.
C,
C.
selenitoides, Fult.© Buru.
Section Evsromopsis, n. Type, C. eustoma.
eustoma, Pfr.; New Georgia, Solomon Islands. Var. erinaceus,
Pfr.; New Georgia, New Ireland.
Moellendorffi, Anc.’ Tuom Island, New Georgia.
C. Simbangensis, Kob.8 New Guinea.
C.
C.
C.
subtilis, Gude. New Guinea.
Durandi, Bay. & Dautz.° Tonkin.
Leet, Cox; Louisiade Archipelago. Var. Sudestensis, Hedl.";
Sudest Island. Var. Woodlarkensis, Hedl."*; Woodlark Island.
Var. Papuensis, Hedl.*; New Guinea.
C. multisetosa, Fult.\
C.
C,
C.
teres, n.sp. New Ireland.
tenebriva, Fult.;!° var. pallida, Gude ;" var. tumida, Gude.'* New
Treland.
subcorpulenta, Smith. Louisiade Archipelago.
C. discordialis, Fer. New Iveland.
C. fausta, Gude.’ New Ireland.
C. Dentrecasteauxi, Smith. Admiralty Islands.
C.
murina, Pir. Admiralty Islands.
C. ursina, Pfr. Admiralty Islands.
C. delphax, Dohrn.* New Guinea.
C. dinodeomorpha, Tap.** New Guinea.
MEocacitt; palo.
2 Ante, p. 42.
Al
YA Aon Pw
Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1894), p. 700, pl. ce, figs. 3, 4.
yh. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. vi (1896-7), No. 5, p. 2.
Ante, p. 106.
Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii (1899), p.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897,
215, pl. xij fig. .9.
S€r., 1, VOl. x, ps (io, pl. XXXVI, eloomaes
Gude, ante, p. 44.
8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1898, p. 93.
9 Ar
ote, p. 44.
10 Journ. de Conchyl., 1900, pp. 111, 441, pl. x1, figs. 1-3.
1! Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1891, ser. 11, vol. vi, p. 838.
ISLOCAClta eps ioe
IS Troc..cit sp. So.
14 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ix (1902), p. 315.
15 Ante, p. 106.
16 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ix (1902), p. 316.
'7 Ante, p. 45.
1® Ante, p. 45.
9 Ante, p. 45.
20 Cx
Oe Uy
mch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1893), p. 648, pl. clxxxvi, figs. 6-7.
oc. cit., p. 648, pl. clxxxvi, figs. 8, 9.
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 113
C. Lintere, Gude.'
C. fuscopurpurea, Smith. Woodlark Island.
C. ephamilla, Smith.? New Guinea.
C. perambigua, Smith. New Guinea.
C. nephele, Strub.° New Guinea.
C. silenus, Ang.=conjuncta, Gude.’ New Ireland.
C. Gammardi, Desh.=adustus, Hinds. New Ireland.
C. exigua, Gude.’ New Ireland.
C. fraterna, Gude.? New Ireland.
Section Suxcosasts, Tap.
C. sulcosa, Pfr. Aru Islands.
C. rubra, Alb. Mysol; Aru Islands.
C. concisa, Fer. Aru Islands; New Guinea.
C. Cumingi, Gude.’ New Guinea.
C. Beatricis, Tap. New Guinea.
C. leptocochlea, Anc.° German New Guinea.
C. Rohdet, Dohrn.’ New Guinea.
C. Djammensis, Kob.* Djamma Island, New Guinea.
C. lepidophora, Dohrn.’* New Guinea.
C. anceps, Strub.'* Ferguson Island, New Guinea.
C. Minnegerodei, Strub.” Normanby Island, New Guinea.
C. Rehset, Mart.= Gerrardi, Smith; var. obtecta, Reinh. New Guinea.
C. fraudulenta, n.sp."° New Guinea.
C. Prestoni, Gude.” New Guinea.
C. globosa, Preston; var. major, Smith.!2 New Guinea.
C. stirophora, Smith;* var. Collingwoodensis, Preston.
1 Journ. Malac., vol. xii (1905), p. 13, pl. iii, fig. 5.
2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. 11 (1897), p. 288, pl. xvii, figs. 12-14.
3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xv (1895), p. 282; vol. xvi, p. 3638,
pl. xx, fig. 10. Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1895), p. 823, pl. ecxxiii, figs. 7, 8.
4 Loe. cit., vol. xv, p. 233; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx, fig. 11.
5 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Malak. Ges., 1895, p.151; Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv
(1895), p. 822, pl. ccxxill, figs. 5, 6.
8 Ante, p. 47.
7 Ante, p. 48.
§ Ante, p. 47.
9 Ante, p. 48.
Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, 1897, ser. 11, vol. x, p. 772, pl. xxxvi, fig. 1.
MN Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1893), p. 644, pl. clxxxv, figs. 3, 4.
Me loc.cit., p. 699) pl. ec, figs. 1, 2.
13 Loe. cit., p. 644, pl. clxxxv, figs. 5-8.
4 Loc. cit., p. 821, pl. cexxin, figs. 1, 2.
15 Loe. cit., p. 822, pl. cexxiil, figs. 3, 4.
16 Ante, p. 107.
7 Journ. Malac., vol. ix (1904), p. 114, figs. 1-4.
18 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v (1902), p. 17, fig. 1.
19 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. xvi (1905), p. 194.
20 Op. cit., ser. vi, vol. xv (1895), p. 231; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx, fig. 9. Journ.
Malac., vol. v (1896), p.17; Moss & Webb, ib., p. 33, pl. iu, figs. 1, 2 ;
shell, figs. 3-7, anatomy.
21 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. v (1902), p. 17, fig. 5.
114
C.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Bougainville’, Pir.= Angasiana, Newe. Solomon Islands.
C. majuscula. New Hanover; New Ireland; Admiralty Islands.
¢.
C.
NES AG Ces > YS A SO ee Em YY > Yee gS) we Ged oe
fsis, Pfr. Admiralty Islands. "
quercina, Pfr.; Solomon Islands. Var. Hombroni, Pfr.=Janellit,
Hombr. & Jacq.; Solomon Islands; Admiralty Island.
Section Ausrrocutoritis, Pils.
. Spinet, Cox=hystrix, Cox. Queensland.
. Portert, Cox. Queensland.
. mansueta, Pfr. Queensland; New South Wales.
. Challenger?, n.sp.' Queensland.
. Blackaili, Braz. Queensland.
. Buxtoni, Braz. Thursday Island.
. brevipila, Pfr. Victoria; South Australia; New South Wales;
Queensland ; islands in Torres Straits.
. aste@us, D.sp.* Queensland.
. Novocambrica, Gude.’ New South Wales.
. disjuncta, Gude.t| New South Wales.
Layardi, Gude.’ Islands in Torres Straits.
. Agamemnon, u.sp.2 Queensland.
. mendax, Mart. Timor.
. rhodochila, Mildff.7. Timorlaut (Tenimber).
. aridorum, Cox. Queensland.
pelodes, Pfr. = prunum, auct. (non Fer.) = pseudoprunum, Pile
North-West Australia.
Coxent, Cox. Queensland.
. Bennetti, Braz. Queensland.
. Blackmani, Cox. Queensland.
. Coxene, Braz. Queensland.
. mucida, Pir. Percy Isles, north-east coast of Australia.
. occulta, Pfr. Aru Islands.
. chloritoides, Pils. New Guinea.
. Micholitzi, Mildff. Tenimber.
C.
C.
C.
C.
C.
goniostoma, Mildff.; var. major, Mlldff. Tenimber.
telitecta, Mlldff. 'T'enimber.
tenuctesta, Mlldff. Tenimber.
rectilabrum, Smith. North-West Australia.
millepunctata, Smith®; Baudin Island. Var. Cassiniensis, Smith '°;
Cassini Island.
1 Ante, p. 108.
2 Ante, p. 108.
3 Ante, p. 49.
* Ante, p. 49.
> Ante, p. 49.
§ Ante, p. 108.
7 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1892, p. 95.
® Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. i (1894), p. 88, pl. vii, fig. 14.
9 Loe. cit., p. 88, pl. vii, fig. 11.
10 Loe: cit., p. 88, pl. vi, fig. 12:
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. 115
Maforinsule, Preston.! Mafor Island, New Guinea.
argillacea, Fér.=cyclostomopsis, Lea. Timor, Flores, Solor, Sumba,
Adonare, Rawak, Alor, Boneratu, Oinanisa.
Romaensis, Mlldff.2, Roma.
eurychasma,® n.sp. Sjerah I., Moluccas.
subplicifera, Smith.t New Guinea.
ase Se
Section Tricnocutortitts, Pils.
Hungerfordiana, Nev. China; Formosa.
. Tanqueryt, Cr. & F. Cochin China.
Condoriana, Cr. & F. Pulu Condor.
. Norodomiana, Morl. Cambodia.
Fourest, Morl. . Cambodia ; Siam.
C. propinqua, Ptr. India.
C. delibrata, Bens.; Bengal; =procumbens, Gould; Assam, Burma.
Var. fasciatia, G.-A.; Assam. Var. Ahasiensis,G.-A.; Assam.
C. gabata, Gould; Burma. Var. Merguiensis, Phil.; Mergui.
C. pilisparsa, Mart.® Celebes.
C. Smithi, Bock. Sumatra.
C. rufofasciata, n.sp.6 Sumatra.
C. caseus, Pfr. Siam; Laos ; Cambodia.
C. Lambineti, Bav. & Dautz.’? Tonkin.
C. Siamensis, Mildtt.2 Siam.
C. platytropis, Mildff.2 Malay Peninsula.
C. Mansonensis, n.sp."° Tonkin.
C. athriz, Mildff.1! Tonkin.
C. insularis, Mildff. Tonkin.
C. miara, Mab. Tonkin.
C. Herziana, Mildff. Hainan.
C. rhinocerotica, Hde. Cochin China.
CO. Franciscanorum, Gredl. ; var. purpurea, Gredl. China.
C. seriatiseta, Roch. Cambodia.
C. Malayana, Mildff. Perak.
C. percussa, Hde. China.
C. breviseta, Pir. Siam; Perak.
C. microtricha, Mildff..% Annam.
QQ
S2e2
1 Op. cit., vol. v (1902), p. 18, fig. 3.
2 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1903, p. 156.
3 Ante, p. 110.
4 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xv (1895), p. 232; vol. xvi, p. 363, pl. xx,
fig. 12.
5 Land-Mollusken von Celebes, 1899, p. 198, pl. xxv, fig. 249.
6 Ante, p. 109.
7 Journ. de Conchyl., 1899, p. 28, pl. i, fig. 3.
8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 156.
9 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 150, pl. xvi, fig. 10.
10 Ante, p. 109.
11 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1901, p. 73.
12 Loc. cit., p. 113.
13 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1898, p. 71.
_
—
(op)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
. tenella, Pfr. Siam.
. submissa, Desh. China.
. deliciosa, Pfr. Cambodia.
. remoratrix, Morl. Cambodia.
Lemeslei, Morl.!| Tonkin.
Marimberti, Bav. & Dautz.? Tonkin.
Balansai, Morl.; var. concta, Dautz. & Fisch Tonkin.
. guinaria, Pfr. Cambodia.
. Shaniea, Bedd. Burma.
. Colletti, Bedd. Burma.
. bifoveata, Bens. Burma.
. diplochone, Mildff.4 Annam.
. nautiloides, Val. Hab.?
. Samuiana, Mildff.6 Samui Archipelago.
. erassula, Phil.=Storiana, Mouss. Java; Sumatra.
. Gereti, Bay. & Dautz.6 Tonkin.
. brachystoma, Mart.” Borneo.
. Aiihni, Mildff.6 Buru.
. helicinoides, Mouss. Java.
. Everettt, H. Ad. Borneo.
. tetragyra, Mildff.2 Java.
. Fruhstorfert, Mildff.° Java.
. transversalis, Mouss. Java; Bali.
. conjecta, Smith."’ Sumba.
. hemiopta, Bens. Andaman Islands.
. meander, G.-A. Borneo.
plena, G.-A.; Labuan. Var. Celebensis, Smith”; Celebes.
. tabularis, Gude.* Sumatra.
. Sykesi, n.sp.* Sumatra.
. albodentata, Smith.” Flores.
. Sibutuensis, Smith.!® Sulu Islands.
. Suluana, Mildff."" Sulu Islands.
. Penangensis, Stol. Perak; Penang.
SSeS on SSS O0C9 C0 SCC SOS S OSS eee Seas
Journ. de Conchyl., 1891, p. 249, pl. vii, fig. 1.
Journ. de Conchyl., 1905, p. 90, pl. iii, figs. 5-9.
Op. cit., 1900, pp. 111, 440, pl x, figs. 4-6.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1898, p. 72.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, p. 150.
Journ. de Conchyl., 1900, pp. 112, 442, pl. ix, figs. 7-9.
Sitz. Ber. Ges. naturf. Berlin, 1903, p. 422.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 198.
Ib., 1897, p. 68.
Ib., 1897, p. 68.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vir, vol. ili (1899), p. 410.
* Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. ii (1896), p. 97.
Journ. Malac., vol. x (19038), p. 48, pl. iii, fig. 6.
Ante, p. 110.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vit, vol. iii (1899), p. 411; Gude, Journ. of Malac.,
vol. x (1908), pl. iu, fig. 7.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xiii (1894), p. 53, pl. iv, fig. 4.
7 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1894, p. 209.
GUDE: ON CHLORITIS. ee
. tomentosa, Pfr. Borneo; Sumatra; Banguey; Karamon.
. Kinabaluensis, Kob.! = Kinibalensis, Kob.* Borneo.
. Dammaensis, Smith? = subcarinata, Mldff.t Damma Island ;
Oinainisa Island.
. Euphrosyne, Smith.’ Panalingoan I., 8. W. of Palawan.
. brevidens, Pir. Mindoro.
. albolabris, Pils.6 Loo Choo.
. Hirasei, Pils.’ Japan.
. subsuleata, Mildff.* Philippine Islands.
. Fultoni, Mildtf.2 Mindoro.
. Malbatensis, Hid.’ Philippine Islands.
. Malangensis, Bullen.’ Java.
. Leytensis, Mildff.2; Luzon; Leyte. Var. Samarensis, MIldff.” ;
Samar.
quieta, Rve. Mindanao.
. nquieta, Dohrn.“* Palawan.
. bracteata, Pils. Japan.
fragilis, Gude."® Japan.
C. pumila, Gude." Japan.
C. oscitans, Mart. Japan. |
C. Echizenensis, Pils." Japan.
C. perpunctata, Pils.1° Japan.
C. Tosana, Pils. ;?° var. Osumiensis, Pils." Japan.
C. obscura, Pils. Loo Choo.
QAQ2
Saeeq Ssscesaace
1 Smith: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 118, pl. iii, fig. 16.
2 Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv (1894), p. 706, pl. cci, figs. 5, 6.
3 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. vi, vol. xiv (1894), p: 62.
‘ Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1899, p. 156.
5 Proc. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 113, pl. iii, fig. 17. Conch. Cab., Helix, Abth. iv
(1897), p. ee ‘pl. cexxvill, fig. 7. Hid., Obras Malac., vol. i (1 901), p. 190,
pl. elvi, fig. 3.
® Nautilus, vol. xvi (1902), p. 76.
7 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1901 (1902), » 565.
8 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., ee p- 95. Hidalgo: Obras Malac., vol. i
(1901), p. 190, pl. exxxiv, figs. 1c
® Abh. Naturf. Ges., Gorlitz, vol. xxii “(1898), p- 96, Ha p. 70.
10 Obras Malac., vol. i (1901), p. 132, p- 189; pl. xx, fig. 1
11 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1905), p. 192, pl. xi, fig. 2.
12 Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1890, p. 203; “Ber. Senck. Ges., 1893, p. 80,
pl. iui, fig. 8.
13 Abh. Naturt. Ges., Gorlitz, vol. xxii (eee p. 95, reprint p. 70.
14 Conch Cab., Helix, vol. iv (1893), p. 652, pl. elxxxvii, figs. 9, 10; Astrolabe
Bay, New Guinea ; ? error. Hid., Obras Malac., vol. i (1901), Dp: 192.
15 Nautilus, vol. xvi (1902), p. 21.
16 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iv (1900), p. 70, pl. viii, figs. 18-20; Pils. ib., vol. vi
(1905), p. 290, pl. xiv, figs. 14, 16-19 (anatomy).
17 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1901, p. 617.
18 Nautilus, vol. xvi (1908), p. 116.
19 Tb., vol. xv (1902), p. 116.
20 Tb., vol. xvi (1903), p. 184; vol. xvii (1903), p. 31.
1 Proc. Acad. Philad., 1904, p. 629.
22aTibs, Ds O28.
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
owr-
4
5
6
7
Section Anpersta, H. Ad.
C. granulata, Q. & G. New Guinea, Waigiou.
C. Wargiouensis, Sykes.’ Waigiou.
C. pubicepa, Mart.; Halmaheira; Batjan ; = Waterstraati, MUldff.’ ;
Obi.
C. Obiensis, Mart. * = Obrana, MUdff. * =omissa, Dautz.® Obi.
C. subspherica, Fult.6 Gebi Island.
C. ariontiformis, Kob.7_ Djamma Island, New Guinea.
C. pseudocorasia, Strub. Halmaheira.
C. zonulata, Fér.=lemniscata, Less. New Guinea; Waigiou; Aru
Islands. Var. Reclusiana, Le Guil.; New Guinea.
C. tenuis, Pir. Hab.?
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.
Fic. 1. Chloritis Beddomei, n.sp.
Figs. 2, 2a. ,, holoseriea, n.sp.
By Ch Bie ae teres, N.Sp.
Fic. 4. 5 sraudulenta, n.sp.
Figs. 5-56. 4, — Challengeri, n.sp.
6-6¢e. ,, asteus, sp.
5, (-Te. 4, Agamemnon, u.sp.
8-8e. ,, rufofasciata, D.sp.
9-96. ,, Mansonensis, n.sp.
10-10e. ,, Sykesi, n.sp.
», Ll-lle. ,, — ewryehasma, usp.
Journ. of Malac., vol. xi (1904), p. 88, pl. ix, fig. 16.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 189.
Sitz. Ber. Ges. naturf. Berlin, 1898, p. 161; Arch. fiir Naturg., 1899, p. 28,
pl. iui, figs. 6, 7.
Nachr. Blatt Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1902, p. 191.
Le Naturaliste, vol. xxiv (1902), p. 247, fig. 2.
Journ. of Malac., vol. xi (1904), p. 53, pl. iv, figs. 8, 9.
Conch. Cab., Heliz, Abth. iv (1894), p. 707, pl. cci, figs. 9, 10.
fou, VIL.
ase. > 1
AFA .Searle, del et bth Huth, izop
NEW GPEGIES OF GHEORIT US.
Hg)
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF VERTIGO PARCEDENTATA, AL. BRAUN,
IN HOLOCENE DEPOSITS IN GREAT BRITAIN.
By A. 8. Kenwarp, F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., ete.
Read 6th April, 1906.
In 1890 Mr. T. Scott noted the occurrence in a Holocene deposit
at Kirkland Leven, Scotland, of a form of Vertigo, which, although
resembling V. pygmea, yet, since it was edentulous, might prove to
be a distinct species, and he suggested the provisional name of
V. coneinna.*
In 1891 this form was described and figured by the same author,
the provisional name of concinna being again used.? In the same
year Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell pointed out that there might be confusion
between this species and Pupa coneinna, Lowe, from Madeira, which
suggestion Mr. Scott, in the note immediately following, accepted, and
proposed the new name of Levenensis.* The species was stated to be
not uncommon in the Kirkland deposit. Since its discovery it has not
been noted in any other locality.
Several years ago Prof. T. Rupert Jones gave one of us some
material from a Holocene deposit at Stamford, and on working it over
it yielded a fair number of this species. It had always appeared to
us, however, that this form, though certainly distinct from all other
British forms, would probably prove to be a previously described
continental species, and after a careful perusal of the literature we
came to the conclusion that it was probably identical with Vertigo
parcedentata, Al. Braun. We therefore submitted examples of the
Stamford shells to Dr. O. Boettger, who most kindly informed us
that they agreed with the variety Genesi2, Gredler, of V. parcedentata.
This species is very variable as to the number of teeth. Typical
parcedentata possess one or two teeth (the single-toothed form being
known as var. glandicula, Sandb.), and is very much rarer than the
edentulous form var. Genesit. This latter form is known in a recent
state from St. Genesien, near Bozen, in the Tyrol; from Oester-
goetland, Sweden (Westerlund); and Isarauswurf, near Munich.
The var. Genesti has been recorded in a fossil state by Dr. Boettger
from the Pleistocene of Mosbach, Kleinert, near Grosszimmern, the
1 «Preliminary notes on a Post-Tertiary Fresh-water Deposit at Kirkland Leven
and at Elie, Fifeshire’’: Proce. Royal Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. x, p. 334.
2 Scottish Naturalist, 1891. T. Scott: ‘*Some notes on the Scotch species of the
Molluscan genus Vertigo,” p. 49 and pl. i.
EeOp cit.) p. 141
4 Op. cit., p. 141.
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Loess of Schierstein Heidingsfeld and Regensburg, and in the
Holocene of Grossen Bruchs, near Traisa (province of Starkenburg
and of Zusmarshausen, near Augsburg).’
Dr. E. W. Wiist, in 1903, gave the following additional localities :
Pleistocene of Vilzenburg and Osterode, Loess, in the neighbourhood
of Strassburg, Roten Hause, near Eckbolsheim, and of Hurst’schen
Ziegeleigrube near Achenheim?; whilst Dr. Boettger informs us that
it has also been recorded from the peat of Kutzenhausen by S. Clessin
and the Loess of Pelleracker Pinningen, near Basel, by Dr. A.
Gutzwiller.
It will thus be seen that the names concinna and Levenensis must be
added to the already overburdened list of synonyms of V. parcedentata,
whilst an extremely interesting continental species must now be
included in our list of extinct non-marine mollusca.
1 Dr. O. Boettger, ‘‘ Die Entwicklung der Pupa-Arten’’: Jahrb. d. nassau. Ver. f.
Naturk., Jahrg. xxii, 1889, pp. 308-310.
2 « Pleistozine Fl ussablacerungen mit S. schumacherit in Thiringen und in nordlichen
Harz-Vorlande”’: Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaften, 1903, Bd. lxxv, p. 316.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 121
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, llta# May, 1906.
E. R. Syxes, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Edward Comber was elected a member of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘ Note on the subgenus Malluvium, Melvill.”” By E. A. Smith,
.S.0.
2. ‘Notes on some species of Mitride, with the description of
M. Brettinghami, n.sp.” By KE. A. Smith, 1.8.0.
3. ‘On some Land and Fresh-water Mollusca from Sumatra.
Part II.” By Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, B.A., F.L.S.
4, ‘Report upon a Collection of Nudibranchiata from the Cape
Verd Islands, with notes by C. Crossland.’’ By Sir Charles Eliot,
K.C.M.G.
5. ‘Notes on Indian and’ Ceylonese Species of Glessula.”’ By
Col. R. H. Beddome, F.L.S.
Mr. A. S. Kennard, on behalf of Mr. Collier, exhibited a number of
specimens of Helix nemoralis from the West of Ireland showing
extreme variation in size.
Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of Amussium from the Gulf
of Manaar.
_ Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited some molluscan egg-capsules.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 8rH June, 1906.
E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Dr. J. Thiele was elected a member of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘ Mollusca of the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions, 1869-1870. Supple-
mental Notes, Part III.” By HE. R. Sykes, B.A.
2. “On the dates of publication of the ‘ Mineral Conchology’ and
‘Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.’”’? By E. R. Sykes, B.A.
3. ‘ Note on a new variety (var. longispira) of Olwa ispidula.” By
F. G. Bridgman.
4. “On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pilsbry.” By H. A. Pilsbry.
5. “On Burtoa nilotica and its relationship to Achatina.” By
A. Reynell.
VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 9
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
- NOTE ON THE SUBGENUS MALLUVIUM, MELVILL.
By Epear A. Surra, I.8.0.
Read 11th May, 1906.
In the last part of these Proceedings (p. 81) Mr. Melvill has made
some observations upon the genera Amalthea of Schumacher and Capulus
of Montfort, and has created a new subgenus of the former to include
a species described by me as Capulus lissus. 1 do not agree with the
conclusions he has arrived at, hence the few following remarks.
Schumacher included two species in his genus Amalthea, namely,
A. conica (= Patella australis, Lamk.) and A. maxima (= the well-
known Capulus hungaricus). The latter had already been appropriated
by Montfort for his genus Capulus, and therefore Amalthea is typically
represented by the first species, A. conica.
The account of the animal of this species given by Quoy & Gaimard
(Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. iii, p. 434, pl. lxxii, figs. 25-34) shows
that it is practically of the same character as that of MWipponyx
antiquatus (see Fischer, Man. de Conch., p. 753, fig. 519), which is
the type of that genus, for ‘“ H. mitrata, Gmelin,” as quoted by
Defrance, the author of the genus Hipponyx, is presumably merely
a misprint of mitrula, Gmelin, which is synonymous with
HI. antiquatus. With regard to Amalthea, Messrs. H. & A. Adams
observe that it is ‘like Concholepas {= Hipyponyx]|, but it simply
excavates with its foot a superficial cavity in the surface of the shell
or stone on which it fixes itself, not forming a shelly plate distinct
from the substratum.”’
Such, however, is not invariably the case, for sometimes a shelly
base, although it may be thin, is certainly secreted. It is also stated
by Dr. Turton that he had in his collection a specimen of Capulus
hungaricus which had formed ‘‘a thin laminar under-valve,’’ but
Jeffreys thought he must have been mistaken. His account of the
circumstance, however, is so exact that I see no reason to doubt it.
Tryon observes concerning Hipponyx, ‘the same species will either
excavate a cavity to which it adheres, or secrete a testaceous support.”
Seeing, therefore, that the same species of Amalthea, and perhaps
Capulus also, either may or may not construct a shelly basal support,
this cannot be regarded as an essential generic feature.
The Capulus lissus wpon which Mr. Melvill has founded his
subgenus IMalluvium appears to form a thickened shelly base only
under exceptional circumstances. On a specimen of LRostellaria
delicatula from the Bay of Bengal it has formed a scar on the surface,
and only secreted a film of callus and a slight thickening at the edge
of the depression. The fact of its being smooth, instead of radiately
striated like other species, does not seem to me of subgeneric value,
nor do I regard the presence or absence of colour-rays of any
importance.
SMITH: ON MALLUVIUM. 123
If difference of sculpture be sufficient to constitute a new subgenus,
we might propose one for Capulus irregularis, Smith, which is neither
smooth nor radiately ridged or striated, but only concentrically
lamellated. It also possesses one of the other features characteristic
of Malluvium, namely, colour-rays. To sum up—(1) We have at
present no knowledge of the soft parts of this molluse (C. lissus), SO
that it is impossible to say whether it will show greater affinity with
Capulus or Amalthea.. (2) Conchologically it differs only from
Amalthea in being smooth instead of radiately ridged or striated,
a feature even variable in degree among the known species, for
A, australis (Lamk.), the type of the genus, is very strongly radiately
costate, whereas 4. antiqguata (Linn.) is conspicuously concentrically
lamellated with only very faint delicate strie. I think, therefore,
that Malluvium, at all events, may be regarded as premature, if not
unnecessary.
In conclusion, I may point out that the genus Hipponix (sic) was
described by Defrance in the Journ. de Physique, 1819, vol. lxxxviil,
p. 215, and not in the Bull. Soc. Philom., 1819, p. 9, which is only
a notice of it by Blainville. ;
1 Since this was written the radulw, extracted from some dned-up specimens, have
been very kindly examined by Professor H. M. Gwatkin. He is of opinion that,
among the genera known to him, the odontophore of @. lissus is certainly
nearest that of Amalthea.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF MITRIDA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION
OF UM. BRETTINGHAN], n.spv.
By Epear A. Surru, 1.8.0.
Read 11th May, 1906.
ConsIDERABLE confusion exists respecting the names which should be
applied to certain species of Mitra which have been described and
figured in the various monographs of this genus under the names
M. versicolor, M. nebulosa, M. propinqua, and MW. infecta, and in order
to clear up the confusion [ beg to submit the following notes and
synonymy.
Mirra versicotor, Martyn.
Mitra versicolor, Martyn, Univers. Conch., vol. i, fig. 23 ; Reeve, Conch.
Icon., vol. u, fig. 2; Sowerby, Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv,
fig. 44; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xxxii, fig. 6;
Dohrn, Malak. Blatt., 1861, vol. viii, p. 134.
Voluta nubila, Gmelin, Syst. nat., p. 3450.
Hab.—Friendly Is. (Martyn) ; Zanzibar (Reeve); Viti and Tonga Is.
(Garrett).
In rectifying the synonymy of this species, Dohrn unfortunately
fell into an error with regard to the next, having overlooked a note
respecting it by A. Adams in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1851.
Mirra proprnaua, A. Adams.
Mitra propinqgua, A. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1851, p. 270.
HM. nebulosa, Reeve (non (Swainson) Broderip), Conch. Icon., vol. ii,
fig. 3; Sowerby, Thes. Conch., vol. iv, pl. eccliv, fig. 39.
M. versicolor, partim, Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xxxii, figs. 7, 8
(bad); Kiener (non Martyn), Coq. Viv., pl. vii, fig. 18.
MW. erronea, Dohrn, Malak. Bliatt., 1861, vol. vin, p. 134.
Hab.—Madagascar (Reeve) ; Zanzibar (Sowerby and Mus. Cuming) ;
Viti and Tonga Is. (Garrett).
This species is very closely related to the preceding, JL. versicolor,
and it is possible that an extended series of specimens might afford
the connecting links. It seems to be a more slender form, more
strongly punctate in the striz, and the coloration is not quite
the same.
Mirra BrerrinGaaMt, n.sp.
Mitra propingua, Sowerby (non A. Adams), Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv,
. 8, pl. ecelvi, fig. 59; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv;
p. 2 spl. xxx, fie.
Testa anguste ovato-fusiformis, alba, strigis longitudinalibus rufo-
fuscis, irregularibus, plus minus undulatis, picta, transversim sulcata,
sulcis angustissimis, minute punctatis; spira producta, acuminata ;
antractus 12(?), apicales abrupti, ceeteri leviter convexiusculi, sutura
paululum obliqua sejuncti, ultimus antice leviter ascendens; apertura
alba, longit. totius } paulo minor; labrum subincrassatum, ad
marginem denticulatum; columella quinque-plicata, infra medium
SMITH : ON SPECIES OF MITRIDZ®. 125
eallo crasso induta, callo interdum sursum producto et labro juncto.
Long. 70, diam. 23°5 mm. ; apertura 33 mm. longa, 8 lata. .
Hab.—?
The transverse punctate sulci are eight to nine in number on the
penultimate whorl, and about six on the upper whorls. There are
about twenty-five on the body-whorl, exclusive of those upon the
extreme anterior end.
In 1874, when the late Mr. Sowerby published his monograph of
the genus Jftra, three specimens of the present species in the British
Museum from the Cuming Collection were labelled ‘“ propinqua,
A. Ad.’ These the late Mr. Sowerby, evidently without investigation,
regarded as correctly named. However, as pointed out by Tryon,
they belong to quite a distinct species, and it is to be regretted that
he did not at the time give it a distinctive name. The name
| propinqua was subsequently used by Garrett! for two species of
Mitride, namely, Mitra propinqua, from the Society Islands, and
Turricula propingua from the Viti Islands. As nothing is known of
these species beyond their descriptions, no figures of them having yet
appeared, it seems advisable at present not to suggest fresh names for
them, but to wait until we have more evidence of their validity as
distinct species.
A few months ago Mr. Sowerby kindly called my attention to this
confusion of nomenclature, and therefore, with his permission, I have
associated with this fine but hitherto wrongly named species the
name of Brettingham, a patronymic connected with five successive
generations of the Sowerby family.
Mirra NEBULOSA, Broderip.
Mitra nebulosa (Swainson, MSS.), Broderip, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1835,
p. 193; Dohrn, Malak. Blatt., 1861, vol. viii, p. 134.
M. infecta, Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 173; Conch. Icon., vol. ii,
fig. 75; Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. iv, pl. xlvu, fig. 377.
Hab —Annaa I., Paumotu Archipelago.
Reeve was the first to cause confusion with regard to this species,
and, although his error was pointed out by Dohrn, the correction was
not noted by the late Mr. Sowerby in his monograph of the genus.?
On p. 17 he observes: ‘‘ Erroneously represented in Reeve as a smooth
shell.”” This remark, however, is not correct, for Reeve carefully
described the species as ‘‘ encircled with impressed striz,’’? which are
also faintly indicated in the figure. The shell figured by Mr. Sowerby
as M. infecta (pl. ccclxxvii, fig. 607) has quite strong transverse
sulci, and appears to me to represent another species. Tryon, as was
his wont, made matters worse by lumping together the typical form,
Sowerby’s version of it, and the MZ Barelayi of Hanley. The last
species is certainly distinct, but allied to WZ abbatis. It is, however,
more finely striated, and has not the turreted whorls of that species,
although it closely resembles it in style of coloration.
1 Journ. of Conch., vol. iii (1880), pp. 22 and 48.
® Thes. Conch., vol. iv (1874).
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
ON SOME LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA FROM SUMATRA.
PARIS LT
By Rev. R. Asuineton Butten, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Read 11th May, 1906.
Tue shells catalogued and described in this communication have come
to hand direct from Sumatra since November, 1905. I list them all,
as some of the localities are probably new or unknown hitherto.
1. ARIOPHANTA GRANARIA (Bock).
Hab.—Mount Sago and Mount Ophir.
One specimen has the umbilicus completely covered by a membrane,
a quite unusual feature.
Two specimens are young and show very marked features, differing
from the adult form, especially in coloration.
2. ArropHanta MAarsEVEENI (Bock).
Hab.—Mount Sago.
3. ArtopHanta (Dyaxra) Surryiana, Gude.
Hab.—Mount Sago.
4. Hemiprecra pensa (Ad. & Reeve).
Syn. Helix Schumacheriana, Busch.
Hab.—Mount Sago, Mount Talang, and Bangkinan.
The specimen from Bangkinan is immature.
I have specimens also from the Malay peninsula sent by
Mr. Abraham Hale.
5. Xesta eLutrnosa (Metc.).
Hab.—Mount Sago.
. 6. CuHtoritis TABULARIS, Gude.
Hab.—Mount Ophir.
7. Everettira Mataccana (Pfr.).
Hab.—Mount Sago.
8. GANESELLA conuLUs (von Marts.).
Hab.—Mount Bongson.
9. AMPHIDROMUS sUSPECTUS, von Marts.
Hab.—Mount Ophir.
10. Opsas sp.
Hab.—Loeboek Bangko.
Allied to brevis, Smith. Most probably a variety merely, and not
needing a varietal name. The ova are still within the shells.
1 Part I, see Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vii, pp. 12-16, pl. il.
BULLEN : SUMATRAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA, 127
11, Cravstrra Sumatrana, Martens; and 12, C. rosusrior, n.sp.
Dr. E. von Martens! described two forms of his Claustlia Sumatrana,
which he termed var. @ and var. 6. He did not, however, give them
the varietal names, attenuata and brevior, as stated by Mr. Sykes,?
those being merely the first words of the descriptions respectively.
I have never seen such a large specimen (313 mm. in length) of the
var. a, as described by Martens, the largest example that has come
under my notice being only 30mm. long, the actual length of
Martens’ figure. When placed side by side with the var. 6 (hereafter
named robustior) I cannot believe that they belong to the same species,
the form is so very unlike, and the number of whorls is constantly
different, judging from the specimens examined. The large example
above referred to, from Mount Sago, has 113 whorls, nen are
peculiar on account of their exceptional flatness. This, however,
may partly be due to attrition. It also presents a very remarkable
abnormality of the peristome in the form of a loop at the termination
of the lamella superior. This irregularity of growth is doubtless due
to an accident, as evidences of a fracture of the lip at this point are
observable. It is, however, so very peculiar that I have thought it
worth figuring. The sculpture of the body-whorl, which is only
slightly worn, is not quite similar to that of the short form (var. db),
being a trifle coarser, but the 5 plice suturales, which vary in number
from 5-7 in the short variety, are of the same character exactly.
Three other examples of this species from Loeboek Bangko are
intermediate in size between vars. a and 6, being 25 mm. in length,
and consist of 10-103 whorls. They are conspicuously more slender
than var. d (robustior) and the spire more tapering, but in sculpture
and with regard to the plice they are almost similar, the former,
however, being coarser, as in the large abnormal specimen from
Mount Sago.
’ Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., vol. ii, p. 379, pl. xxii, figs. 17-17c.
2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. i, p. 28.
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Var. vicaria.
A single small specimen from Mount Singalong, 16 mm. in length,
3°75 wide, of a dark purple-brown colour, with a white peristome,
and consisting of 94 whorls.
Placing this shell beside var. a or var. 6, the great difference of size
seems to indicate more than varietal rank; indeed, although up to the
present it has appeared advisable to regard these in the hght of
varieties of a single species, it seems more than likely, when their
range is known and the animals studied, both alive and anatomically,
that differences will be discovered by which we shall be enabled to
distinguish them specifically. It may be that we are really dealing .
with two, if not three, distinct species, namely, var. a, which should
be regarded as typical Swmatrana, var. b, which would require
a name, brevior being already in use, and var. vicaria, a name which
it might retain as a species. At present, however, I am certainly of
opinion that the so-called var. 6 should be considered a distinct species
from the rest, its form being very different, the whorls only 84 in
number, and the sculpture finer. For this shell I therefore propose
the name Clausilia robustior. A specimen in the Natural History
Museum is marked Kepahiang.
The var. vicaria of Sykes should, I think, at present be regarded as
a variety of Sumatrana, for, although it is more glossy and smaller,
still the sculpture is of about the same strength, and the form and
proportions of the shell are similar.
In conclusion, I would refer to the relative proportional length of
the two last whorls compared with the rest of the spire. In robustior
the upper part! occupies about 4+ of the entire length, whereas in
Sumatrana and var. vicaria it occupies just #, and in the abnormal
specimen, above described, the length of the two parts of the shell is
14 and 16 mm. respectively.
I have placed the specimens mentioned in this note in the Natural
History Museum, South Kensington, so that they will always be
available for future reference.
1 The portion above the second suture, the aperture being towards the eye.
BULLEN : SUMATKAN LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. 129
13, PreRocycLus ASPERSUS, 0.Sp.
Testa discoidalis, aperte umbilicata, ad apicem subelata, sordide
albida, supra fusco-purpureo tincta; anfractus 44 satis rotundati,
sutura profunda discreti, striis incrementi obliquis sculpti, ultimus
antice descendens; peristoma duplex, margine exteriori late expanso,
tenui, albo, continuo, anfractui conjuncto, interno tenui, continuo ;
operculum corneum, tenue, spiraliter carinatum, anfractibus circiter
9 transversim striatis. Diam. maj. 19, min. 14°5mm.; alt. 9mm.
Apertura intus 6 mm.
Hab.—Loebcek Bangko.
%
2
Re drt
pat
ow
The adult specimens are denuded of periostracum, and are coloured
as described above, but an immature specimen consisting of three
whorls and probably belonging to this species, is yellowish, copiously
blotched above and below with rich brown markings, and it also exhibits
a somewhat broken-up peripheral zone. Under a strong lens the
protoconch is beautifully spirally punctate. The centre of the
operculum, which is concave, is also very finely spirally striated.
14. Lepropoma Furtont, Aldrich.
Hab.—Bongsoe.
15. Istpora (Burinus) Sumatrana, von Marts.
Hab.—Mount Ophir.
Four examples possess seven whorls, and are large and well
developed; four possess six only, and two of these are stunted
specimens.
16. Pranorsis SaGoEnsis, n.sp.
Testa orbicularis, depressa, subearinata, pallide luteo-cornea, lineis
incrementi obliquis tenuibus sculpta; anfractus 3} superne convexi,
inferne sub-convexi; apex depressus; umbilicus satis depressus ;
apertura oblique lunata, ad peripheriam subangularis, Diam, max. 6,
min. 5mm.; alt. 2mm.
Hab.— Mount Sago.
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
17, SrGMENTINA KENNARDI, 2.Sp.
Testa tenuis, discoidalis, compressa, carinata, brunneo- cornea,
subpellucida, septis internis instructa; apex modice depressus ; latus
Yi
inferius planum, in regione umbilici leviter impressum ; anfractus 3,
ultimus superne subrotundatus; apertura acute lunata. Diam.
2°5, alt. 1 mm.
Hab.—Mount Singalong.
The periostracum is somewhat masked by iron deposit.
18. Metanra tuBercuLa7a (Miill.).
Hab.—River at Souliki.
19. Meranra untrascrata, Mouss.
Hab.—Mount Merapi and river at Souliki.
20. Metanta curvicosra, von Marts., var. Presronrana, Bullen.
Hab.—Mount Merapi.
21. CorsicuLa suBprostrata, Bullen.
Hab.—River Kwantan.
Originally described from Java. This is an interesting extension of
its habitat.
In conclusion I beg to return my thanks to Mr. E. A. Smith for
much kind help, especially in connection with the Clausilia.
131
REPORT UPON A COLLECTION OF NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM THE
CAPE VERD ISLANDS, WITH NOTES BY C. CROSSLAND
By Sir C. N. E. Exror, K.C.M.G.
Read 11th May, 1906,
PLATE XIV.
Tue collection of Nudibranchs which forms the subject of the
present paper was made by Mr. Crossland in the Cape Verd Islands
(St. Vincent, St. Jago, and Boa Vista) during the Summer of 1904.
His notes on the living animals are in most cases reproduced verbatim,
but have not had the advantage of his revision, as he is absent in the
Sudan, and he is not responsible for the anatomical notes, nomenclature,
or views contained in the following pages.
The new forms discovered by Mr. Crossland are neither very
striking nor very certain, and the interest of the collection les mainly
in the light which it throws on the distribution of this group of
Mollusca, and on the differences between the fauna of the tropical
Atlantic and the tropical Pacific. A list of the species, as far as they
can be determined, is given below, but the identification has often
been a matter of difficulty, as nearly all the specimens are small and
inconspicuous. This may mean that they are immature. If the
animals spawn in the Spring, half-grown individuals would be
frequent at the time that Mr. Crossland collected. On the other
hand, an examination of the Nudibranchs collected by myself in
Samoa, and by Mr. Stanley Gardiner in the Maldive and Laccadive
Islands, suggests that specimens from small islands, which have never
been connected with the mainland, are not as large as those found on
the shores of the mainland and its adjacent islands.
LIST OF SPECIES.
Name. PREVIOUSLY RECORDED FROM.
1. Tritonia moesta, Bergh, var. pallescens, n.var. Mediterranean.
2. Staurodoris atypica, Usp. ... ea ... Allied species from Mediterranean
and West Atlantic.
3. Discodoris indecora, Bergh ... oe mea urieste.
4. Discodoris muta, Bergh can ee ... Guadaloupe.
5. Discodoris sp.
6. Geitodoris reticulata, L.sp. ... see ... Allied species from Plymouth.
7. Peltodoris sp.
8. Rostanga Evansi, n.sp.
9. Cadlina Clare, von Thering ... ... Naples.
10. Chromodoris gracilis (Delle Chiaje) .. ... Mediterranean.
11. Doridopsis grandiflora, juv. (Rapp)... ... Mediterranean.
12. Doriopsilla Pelseneeri (?), D. areolata (?) ... South Portugal, west coast of
Africa, Mediterranean.
13. Plocamopherus Madere (Lowe) za ... Madeira.
14. Doto obscura, n.sp.
15. Doto cinerea, Trinchese , ; .... Mediterranean.
16. Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje) _ ... Mediterranean.
17. Amphorina pallida, u.sp.
18, Phidiana longicirrha, n.sp.
19. Facelina Drummondi (Thompson) ... ... British and Scandinavian waters.
20. Favorinus carneus? (A. & H.) va ... South England.
21. Favorinus sp.
1382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Mr. Crossland, in a paper on the (Ecology and Deposits of the
Cape Verd Marine Fauna (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, vol. i,
pp. 170-186), points out that the islands lie in the path of the
southern division of the Gulf Stream, which is joined by another
current from near the Straits of Gibraltar. Both of these are cold
currents, the warm stream from the Gulf of Guinea passing a little to
the south of the islands. The above list is quite in keeping with
this system of currents, for there is a marked absence of characteristic
tropical forms, whereas the Mediterranean element is large, and
species recorded from the West Indies and tropical Atlantic are
represented, Probably this western element is really larger than it
appears to be, for our knowledge of West Indian Nudibranchs is very
imperfect, and hardly twenty have been identified with certainty.
It is also probable that many of the Mediterranean forms are not
specially Mediterranean, but also found in the Azores, Canaries,
Madeira, ete.
The lists of molluscs given by Rochebrune (‘‘ Matériaux pour la
Faune de |’ Archipel du Cap Vert,” in Nouvelles Archives du Muséum
d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1881, ser. 11, tome iv) yield much the same
result. Of 201 molluscs, 21 are recorded only from the islands,
5 from the coast of America, 16 from European seas, and 70 from the
Mediterranean ; while of 285 marine invertebrates of all kinds, 48 are
recorded only from the islands, 23 from the west coast of America,
and 91 from the Mediterranean. Rochebrune mentions only one
Nudibranch, Peltodoris Sauvaget, which is perhaps a colour variety of
P. crucis.
Regarded as tropical Nudibranchs, the present collection offers
a remarkable contrast with the forms found in the corresponding
latitudes of the Indo-Pacific. There are no specimens of Platydoris,
Bornella, Kentrodoris, Hexabranchus, Phyllidia, Trevelyana, or Astero-
notus, and the Chromodoridide are represented by only one small
species. The first two of the above-mentioned genera are recorded
from the West Indies, but the rest have not been found in the
Atlantic, though the ‘‘ Talisman” obtained a Phyllidiopsis in the
Bay of Biscay. Mr. Crossland (l.c.) also notices the absence of large
and highly coloured Planarians, which are very abundant in the
Indo-Pacific. In many parts of that ocean, for instance, Zanzibar
and the east coast of Africa, the coast in sheltered parts consists of
flat, table-lke coral reefs, which house an incredible amount of
marine life. Alcyonarians are abundant, and sometimes form a living
carpet. In the Cape Verd Islands the conditions are widely different :
Aleyonarians and corals are rare, and the organic rocks are formed
chiefly of Nullipores and Vermetus between tides, and below tide-
marks of Lithothamnion and great quantities of a Foraminiferan.
As we have no information about the Nudibranchs of the West
African coast between the Cape Verd Islands and the Cape of Good
Hope, it would be rash to assume that the present collection is typical
of the fauna of the Equatorial Atlantic. It may be that on reaching
the warm current from the Gulf of Guinea, passing to the south of
the Cape Verd Archipelago, we should find other forms. But what
. i
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS, 133
does seem to be clear is, that in the Atlantic there is for Nudibranchs
(and probably for many other groups) a faunistie district which
extends from the level of the Mediterranean at least as far south
as 15° N., whereas in the Indo-Pacific the equatorial fauna extends
as far north as Suez and Karachi. ‘The southward limit of the
Atlantic sub-tropical fauna is unknown. ‘To the north it gradually
passes into the northern fauna, the boundary being somewhere about
the British Isles. A good many species are common to both faunas,
but the north is characterized by such Dorids as Acanthodoris, Lamelli-
doris, Adalaria, etc., and by an abundance of such Afolids as Aolidia,
Galvina, Coryphella, and Cratena. It is perhaps a mere matter of
chance that the last genus is not recorded from the Mediterranean,
but clearly these forms are more abundant towards the north.
Gonieolis, Chiamylla, and Doridunculus appear to be exclusively
northern.
It is noticeable that several of the forms from the Cape Verd
Islands, here described as new, are closely allied to known species
(e.g. Staurodoris atypica, Geitodoris reticulata), and many of those
referred to known species present well-marked variations (e.g. Zritonia
mesta, Doto cinerea, and Spurilla neapolitana). Taken together, these
facts suggest that forms found in the Mediterranean and the parts of
the Atlantic in about the same latitude become differentiated further
south.
As isolated facts of interest may be noticed the habit ascribed to
Doriopsilla (? areolata) of sunning itself in tide-pools; the absence of
a penial armature in the young Doridopsis grandiflora, suggesting that
this feature is developed with age; and the development of the teeth,
as shown in the young Cadlina Clare.
Tritonra Masta, Bergh, var. PALLESCENS, n.var. Pl. XIV, Fig. 1.
Tritonia mesta, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen im Arch. Philip., pt. xv,
pp 734-736 (1884); Vayssiére, Ann. Mus. Marseille, vol. vi,
pp. 100-1 (1901).
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :—
‘Small and opaque white, with pink organs dimly showing through.
Between the bases of the rhinophores some have a broad crescent of
dark crimson lake.
‘“‘Of the usual high square-cut shape, but the back slopes gently
down to the tail: this is long and tapering, colourless and transparent.
The long rhinophore-cups have a light brown tinge. A few specks of
dark red occur on the back in some specimens, but several are merely
white all over. Velum with 2 long anterior processes, and 2 shorter
lateral. Rhinophores long, with a central pillar surrounded by
a cluster of delicate tentacle-like processes. Gills, 3 pairs. The first
pair largest, with 2 main branches: the rest have simple branches
with short papilla like side branchlets. The foot adheres very strongly,
and is damaged in several specimens. It is quite colourless and
transparent. In some specimens the expanded lateral margin of the
foot is seen when the animal is crawling, but sometimes not at all.
The anterior processes of the velum may be carried vertically at times.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Found under a stone whose lower surface was covered with a red
Aleyonarian, some Polyzoa and Zubularia. They seemed to haunt the
Polyzoan principally. Found in the same habitat on two occasions.”
The preserved specimens are much contracted, the largest being
only 35mm. long, and the external characters described by
Mr. Crossland can be verified only with difficulty. The four
digitations on the frontal veil still remain in the form of knobs,
but in some specimens the outer pair are distinctly grooved, showing
that they represent tentacles. The foot is rounded in front. The
branchize are reduced to mere lumps: the plumes have perhaps been
rubbed off.
In the specimen dissected the formula of the radula is 21 xX
11.1.1.1.11. The teeth are as represented by Bergh (1.c.,
pl. Ixxiv, fig. 21). The median tooth is distinctly tricuspid; the
first lateral less clumsily shaped than usual in the genus, and
distinctly hamate, the hook bending over the side and top of the
median tooth. The jaws are as in Bergh’s pl. lxxvi, fig. 3, but bear
at least eight rows of denticles on the edge. ‘There are no stomach plates.
These specimens are remarkable externally for having only
four processes (including the tentacles) on the oral veil, a character
which is shared by 7. lineata and 7. mesta, but they approach more
nearly to the typical 7. masta because they have a narrow radula and
no lines on the dorsal surface. The coloration also approaches that
of 7. masta. According to Vayssiére (l.c., pl. i, fig. 19), the animal
is not so much black as yellowish, with a good deal of black down the
centre of the back. In the present variety this dark pigment is
reduced to a band between the rhinophores and some spots on the
dorsal surface.
T. mesta is possibly the same as the Duvaucelia gracilis of Risso
(Hist. nat. Europe Mérid., vol. iv, pp. 38-9, 1826).
StTavRoporis atypica, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Fig. 2.
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animals are as follows :—
‘* Under stones at Porto Praya, lee of Quail Island. Bright light
yellow, gills same tint, but perfoliations of rhinophores a little deeper.
‘he rhinophores stand vertically, and only the perfoliated part is
shown. Back covered with small warts evenly distributed. Mantle
fairly broad, nearly colourless and translucent. Rhinophores and gill
pockets not raised. Gills simply pinnate, and peculiarly long and
slender (see the coloured sketch), ten’ in number, very sensitive.
Under side shows head and foot (latter broad) of a deep yellow,
especially head and anterior edge of foot which is grooved, though
there seems to be no notch in the anterior lip of the groove. Back
rather broad and rough, showing spicules. Shape flat, but not
conspicuously stiff.
‘A smaller specimen from St. Vincent: in this only the head of
all the under surface is of a deeper yellow.”
1 Twelve in sketch, but ten here and in nature.—C. E.
ELIOT! NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 135
The larger specimen is very flat and much bent. It is about 15 mm,
long, 7mm. broad, and 4mm. high. The dorsal surface is covered
with warts of various sizes, bearing smaller prominences. The integu-
ments are full of spicules, which are fairly straight rods, not branched,
but jointed. The pockets of the rhinophores and branchie do not
project, and their margins bear tubercles which are similar to those
which cover the rest of the dorsal surface, and are not specially
developed to act as lobes or defences. The branchie are ten in
number, long and simply pinnate. The foot is large, nearly as long
as the body, and 6mm. broad. It is grooved in front, but not notched.
The tentacles are much as in Archidoris tuberculata.
No labial armature was found. The radula consists of 38 rows,
with a formula of about 30.0.380. The teeth are hamate, rather
straight and stout, with long bases. The innermost and outermost
are not so large as those in the middle of the half-row, and the two or
three outermost are quite small.
No armature was discovered in the genitalia.
The common 8S. verrucosa shows great variation in the size and
number of the dorsal tubercles, and these specimens might be regarded
as a variety in which the usual protective valves of the rhinophores
and branchiz have not been developed. I hesitate, however, to take
this view without further evidence, because the dorsal tubercles in the
present specimens are not smooth and clavate, but low, rough warts
bearing secondary projections. The radula also is narrower than is
usual in S. verrucosa.
Discoports, Bergh.
This genus consists of rather large animals of a flat shape, with
a granulated or minutely tuberculate dorsal surface, and usually
a wide mantle margin completely covering a moderately broad foot.
A labial armature is present. The radula has no central tooth, but
bears a considerable number of simply hamate laterals. There is no
armature in the genitalia, but a prostate is present.
Platydoris somewhat resembles Discodoris in general appearance,
but has a peculiar hard consistency, a characteristic armature in the
genitalia, and no labial armature.
Bergh, in his System der Nudibranchiaten Gasteropoden, enumerates
eighteen species, to which the following have since been added:
(19) D. Edwardsi, Vayssiére; (20) tristis, Bergh; (21) erubescens,
Bergh; (22) maculosa, Bergh ; (23) dubia, Bergh; (24) egena, Bergh;
(25) Heathi, MacFarland; (26) dabifera, (Abraham) ; (27) D. (??)
Stboge, Bergh; (28) D.(?) hiturata, Bergh; (29) D.(?) Jlutescens,
Bergh; (30) D. (?) versicolor, Bergh; (31) D.(?) rubra, Bergh. The
last five forms are regarded by Professor Bergh as only doubtfully
referable to Discodoris, and it must be admitted that many of the
species described agree only incompletely with his original definition
of the genus.
Most of the species are recorded from the Indo-Pacific, but D. notha
and muta are from the West Indies, D. Hdwards: from the west coast
of Morocco, D. tristis from the Azores, D. erubescens from Naples,
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
D. egena from Trieste, D. Heathi from California, and D. dubia and
D. egena from Tasmania. The genus is thus fairly widely distributed,
but seems to shun the northern Atlantic and the coasts of South
America. The allied Gectodoris, however, occurs in the former region,
and the Nudibranchs of the latter have been little investigated. It is
clear, however, that the genus is most abundant in the warmer seas.
Many of the species mecarded from the Atlantic have a harder
consistency than the more typical forms from the Indo-Pacific, and
this is certainly the case with the specimens noticed below.
Bergh originally classified the Doris Ellioti of Alder & Hancock
(Notice of a collection of Nudibranchiate Molluscs made in India) as
Platydoris, but in his recently published account of the Nudibranchs
found by the Siboga he identities it with a Déscodoris in that collection.
I have, however, examined the type-specimen preserved in the
Hancock Museum at Newcastle-on-lyne, and ascertained that the
earlier classification under Platydoris is correct. The animal has no
lip plates, but a very strong armature of hook-bearing scales on the
genitalia. The Siboga specimens should perhaps be called Discodoris
Berghi, v.sp.
Discoporis InpEcorA, Bergh.
Discodoris indecora, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen, Supp., Heft 11, 1881,
pp. 108-112.
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the two living specimens are as follows :—
‘“‘Dorid, blue grey. Found among Nullipore nodules 5—10 fathoms
in Porto Grande, St. Vincent, and also under a stone in Porto Praya,
Santiago. About 18mm. long by 10 mm. wide, white below, ot a cool
grey above with a bluish bloom. Quite smooth, no papille, but harsh
to the touch, very sluggish. Colour is modified by the presence of
minute black specks thickly sown over the dorsal surface. At a point
where the mantle joins the body dorsally is an irregular line of
irregular white blotches made up of opaque white specks, larger than
the black ones.
‘‘Rhinophores and gills both completely retractile. Both tipped
with white. The latter have an extraordinarily thick rhachis, and
the branched parts are extremely small, but it is possible that they
were not seen fully expanded. They appear to be bipinnate. The
specimen from Porto Praya has no bluish tint, and is of a cool grey
colour. Gills as described, even when fully expanded, 4 in number,
bipinnate and not so very small. This specimen is warty, and the
other markings, ete., are as above.”
The preserved specimen from Porto Praya is of a cool grey colour,
and hard and stiff in texture. It is much bent, but, if straightened
out, would be about 30mm. long and 15mm. broad. It is very flat,
the maximum height being only 5mm. On the outer parts of the
dorsal surface are scattered tubercles, extending 5-8 mm. inwards from
the margin. They are of various sizes, the largest being about a
millimetre broad and half a millimetre high. The middle of the back
appears smooth, but under the lens shows indications of obscure flat
tubercles. The spaces between the tubercles are finely granulated.
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 137
The rhinophore openings are on small hillocks, but there are no
projecting sheaths. The branchial pocket is nearly closed, and not at
all raised. It was possibly stellate when open. There are four
branchize and an asymmetrical small plume. The rhachis is stout; the
ramifications scanty, and mostly only bipinnate. The foot is con-
siderably shorter than the body, with a wide margin. It is much bent
and contracted, but measures about 15 by 7mm. It is apparently
grooved and notched in front. The tentacles are digitate, with a slight
groove on the outside.
The internal organs are mostly white. The labial armature consists
of two hatchet-shaped plates, which might also be possibly regarded as
representing a circle with two processes extending backwards. ‘he
constituent elements are minute rods of rather irregular shape, often
swollen at the ends. The radula is narrow and of rather unusual
appearance. There are 51 rows, containing not more than 16 or 17
teeth on each side of the bare rhachis. The teeth are rather straight
and broad, and those in the middle of the half-rows are almost spoon-
shaped and hardly hamate in appearance. The innermost and outermost
| teeth are smaller. The bases are long, especially those of the
‘innermost teeth. Such stomach as there is appears to be wholly
outside the liver, but it is very small and merely a dilatation of the
general digestive tract. Both it and the intestine are thickly laminated
inside. The liver is greyish, not very compact, and with many lacune.
It is clothed with the dead-white follicles of the hermaphrodite gland.
The connecting tubes between the follicles are more distinct than usual.
The renal organ is very distinct and exhibits beautifully dendritie
| ramifications. The blood-gland is double and much lobed, especially
| the anterior portion. The central nervous system is granulate and
enclosed in a strong capsule. The ganglia could not be clearly
separated.
The genitalia appear to be as usual in the genus. A spermatotheca,
spermatocyst, and prostate were found, but no armature. There is
perhaps an accessory folliculate gland in the vestibule.
The second specimen is externally as described by Mr. Crossland.
The white blotches are somewhat raised and almost tubercular. The
branchie are four, but one is bifid. The tentacles have a slight but
distinct groove on the outer side.
These specimens may be referred with some certainty to Bergh’s
| Discodoris indecora, recorded from Trieste, with which they agree not
| only in general characters, but in such details as the narrow radula and
| grooved tentacles.
Discoporis mura, Bergh.
| Discodoris muta, Bergh: Semper’s Reisen, Heft xii, 1877, pp. 532-4.
One specimen. The notes on the living animal are as follows :—
‘ Dorid, large grey. Under a stone (Gastropod shell mass), Boa Vista.
“¢ Leathery but not harsh to the touch. Foot broad, mantle moderately
| so, of wavy outline and rather mobile.
‘“‘Gills of moderate size, tripinnate. Rhinophores stand vertically.
Both pockets close completely, edges a little raised when open. The
VOL. VIIL.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 10
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
lateral branches of the gills stand vertically, so that the gills form
a cabbage-shaped tuft, rather than a flat rosette Autotomy of mantle-
edge during apparently healthy life. Colour light grey with darker
spots which are small and irregularly scattered, gills and the rhinophores
coloured like the body, perfoliations of rhinophores rather darker.
Under side uniformly white. Foot grooved and notched. Tentacles
small but pointed.”
The preserved specimen is 47°5 mm. long and 19 high. The breadth
is about 30, but the edges of the mantle have been thrown off. It
would appear that this margin was ample when it was complete,
and measured about 15 mm. The colour is pearly grey, mottled in
places, but not everywhere, with rather darker greyish spots, which
are sometimes confluent. The back is minutely granulate, and in
most places feels quite smooth, but here and there the granulations are
covered with a hard, white deposit, and in these patches (the largest of
which measures about 5x8 mm.) the skin feels harsh and rough. The
general consistency is waxy.
The foot is grooved and notched in front. The tentacles are rather
small, but distinct and pointed. The left is bifid, which is no doubt
a monstrosity. The gill-and rhinophore-pockets are completely closed,
and invisible from the outside. ‘There is no trace of a raised rim
or tubercles, but the inside of the gill-pocket looks as if it might have
been stellate when open. The rhinophores are stout and yellow. The
branchiz consist of six main plumes, but one is deeply divided, so that
they might be counted as seven. They have a faint green tinge and
are tri- or quadripinnate, stout, but not ample, with broad stems and
somewhat scanty ramifications.
The integuments are thick, and contain a dense mass of rod-like
spicules which have a tendency to arrange themselves in a reticulate
pattern. On removing them is seen the liver, covered by the yellowish
hermaphrodite gland, contrasting markedly with the other organs
(buccal mass, cesophagus, stomach, ete.), which are waxy white. The
strong labial cuticle bears an armature of two very distinct, triangular,
brown plates, composed of a dense collection of longish rods which can
be seen separately only at the edges. The radula consists of 30 rows
of teeth, of which 20 seem to be inuse. The rows contain at most 40—45
teeth on each side of the rhachis, but many are much shorter. The teeth
near the rhachis are smaller than the others, and very irregularly
arranged, being apparently easily displaced. Those in the middle of
the half-row are largest: the outer 8 or 10 begin to decrease, and the
two or three outermost are markedly smaller, but not rudimentary.
There are two yellowish salivary glands, about 5mm. long and 2°5
broad. The long, thin ducts measure about 12mm. The esophagus,
13 mm. long, runs straight to the stomach and enters its under side.
The stomach (12 mm. long, 6°5 mm. broad) has moderately strong
walls and lies on the front part of the liver, completely outside it.
The intestine is long. The csophagus, intestine, and stomach are
all laminated internally. The liver is large, and, as preserved, is
drawn up into a sort of globular dome at the back. It shows signs
of a division into several lobes, and is very loose in texture, with |
ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 139
many lacune. It is covered with a remarkably thick layer of the
hermaphrodite gland, which is everywhere at least 1 mm. deep, and in
some places as much as 3 mm.
There are two distinct blood-glands, one before and one behind the
central nervous system. They are irregularly lobed, but not much
indented, and olive green, contrasting markedly with the white organs
around them. The central nervous system is yellowish, and enclosed
in a strong, white capsule. The ganglia seem to be close to one
_ another, and I was not successful in separating them. Their surface
| is granulated. The yellowish lens of the eyes is very large, the black
part small.
A prostate is present, but no armature of the reproductive organs
was found. The spermatotheca is very large, and coloured brown by
its contents.
| This form seems to agree in its principal external and internal
| features with Discodoris muta, Bergh, recorded from Guadaloupe.
| Discodoris fragilis (A. & H.) is another species which has been
| observed to mutilate itself and throw off portions of the mantle-margin
| while alive.
Discoporis sp. Pl. XIV, Fig. 3.
Mr. Crossland’s. notes on the living animals are as follows :—
‘In a crevice of rock, at low tide level, among surf. Porto Praya.
| Very flat, stiff, and harsh, but back not in any way warty, papillate,
| or pitted. To naked eye appears of a uniform orange brown, darker
on the visceral mass, lighter round the mantle-edge. Opaque white
| marks, irregularly scattered round mantle-edge, and larger ones near
| the middle of the body where mantle joins the visceral mass. Rhino-
#) phores of a darker shade, points directed backwards. Gills 6, tri-
| pinnate, rather small. Gill-pocket with 6 large teeth, but cannot
)) close completely. Rhinophore-pockets also raised, with large and
§ small teeth irregularly placed. Gills sandy and dark brown, former
» colour predominating. Under lens, colour seen to be due to a dark-
' brown network with very small round yellow meshes.
» ‘Under side shows ample mantle with wavy outline. Foot grooved
) and notched. Oral tentacles fairly long. All bright yellow, except
\ for small deep brown spots on the inner part of the mantle.”
} The larger specimen accords with this description, but the orange
» brown has become grey. There are some reddish spots on the under
side near the junction of the mantle and the body. The shape is
) very flat. The length 34 mm., the breadth 21°5 mm., and the height
) 5:5. The mantle-edge overhangs the body all round, and in some
). places is 8mm. wide. The back is finely granulate; the integuments
| stiff, waxy, and brittle.
| The smaller specimen is similar, but has preserved more of the
') orange colour, and is only half the size.
(' The foot is much shorter than the body, being only 18 mm. long in
'): the larger specimen. It is ample in front, but in neither specimen is
it clear that there is a groove. The tentacles are rather large and
) digitate. The branchie are 6, besides a small detached plume. The
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
integuments are full of short, rod-like spicules. On opening the body-
cavity, the intestines were found to be much hardened and badly
preserved in both specimens.
There is a labial armature of two small brownish plates. They are
rather faint and not at all strong. They are composed of scale-lke
elements, and resemble the mosaic found on the masticating edge
of Tritonia rather than the labial plates usual in Discodoris (Fig 3).
The radula consists of 46 rows, each containing from 65 to 70 teeth
on either side of the narrow, bare rhachis. The innermost teeth are
smaller, and often cross one another over the rhachis, so as to give
a false impression of median teeth. The outermost teeth are degraded
and plate-like, but not serrulate. The rest are hamate, moderately
bent, and moderately tall. There are a few bifid teeth, but they
appear to be merely monstrosities.
The blood-gland is white. The central nervous system is not well
preserved, but appears concentrated.
The state of preservation renders it impossible to make any certain
statements about the digestive and reproductive organs. There
appeared to be a distinct stomach, external to the liver, but I could
not find the usual: layer of the hermaphrodite gland spread over the
liver. The male branch of the reproductive system terminates in
a pouch containing the much convoluted vas deferens. In both
specimens the efferent genital ducts seemed to bear colourless scales or
prominences, so thin and transparent as to be almost invisible.
In the uncertainty as to many of the internal organs, I do not think
it worth while to create a new species for these specimens. They are
not certainly identifiable with any described form, but may possibly
represent a variety of one of the Mediterranean Discodorids or
Paradoris.
Gerrtoporis, Bergh.'
This genus resembles Rostanga in many points, on the one hand,
and, on the other, comes very near to some of the Archidorids, such as
A. testudinaria, which I identify with the A. stellifera of Vayssiére
and von Ihering. In this form the teeth grow longer and thinner
towards the end of the row, though not so sharply differentiated as in
Geitodoris, and, according to Vayssicre, a labial armature is present.
The Doris planata of Alder & Hancock probably belongs to this
genus (v. Eliot, l.c.), and is possibly not really distinct from the
type species G. complanata (Verrill) from the coast of New England.
Two other species have been described by Bergh, @. ¢mmunda from
Panama and G. mollina from the West Indies. The latter does not
entirely conform to the type of the genus.
GEITODORIS RETICULATA, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Figs. 4, 5a, 56.
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animals are as follows :—
“August 16. At St. Vincent. Found under a stone in company
' Vide Eliot, Journ. Mar. Biol. Assoc., vol. vii (1906), on Archidoris testudinaria —
and Geitodoris planata.
ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 141
with red sponge and red Aleyonarian. 8 bipinnate gills, some showing
tendency to become tripinnate.
“August 17. 5 specimens under a lighter, in company with red
sponge of same tint as the Dorid.
‘* Brilliant vermilion, about 13” by 3”. Colour, at first sight, appears
uniform, but under a lens (mag. 10) are seen numerous specks of black
pigment, most numerous on the visceral mass, less so on the mantle.
The skin is pitted sparsely on mantle, but on the body the pits
are very numerous, so that this part appears to be covered with
a raised vermilion network, blunt papille being situated at the larger
junctions. In some specimens these are more numerous and better
developed than in others. The pigment-specks are much more numerous
in the pits, so that they are a dark grey, throwing up the red network
surrounding them. The ends of the rhinophores and the anterior gills
are pigmented with black and sandy colour. The lower or posterior
gills are the same colour as the body. Small specks of sandy colour
occur sometimes also on the body, but are conspicuous only in one
specimen. Gills comparatively small, apparently bipinnate, but of so
close texture that this is not easily made out. Completely contractile,
but pocket does not close. Edge of pocket slightly raised and shghtly
undulating, sometimes with a thin line of sandy pigment round
the edge. Rhinophore-pockets ditto. Rhinophores long and deeply
perfoliated.
“The creatures are very soft indeed; the mantle is ample, with
a wavy margin. Foot is fairly broad, grooved and notched in front.
Tentacles long, slender and mobile. Under surface uniformly vermilion.”
Mr. Crossland added the following notes on an orange - brown
specimen, which he rightly regarded as a variety of this species :—
‘‘ Most probably only a variety of last species. Rather flat, mantle
ample, harsh to touch but not particularly stiff. Ground colour a dull
light yellow, plentifully besprinkled, especially on the visceral mass,
with small blotches made of minute specks of orange-brown. Also
dark grey ill-defined dots. Network with pits in meshes over visceral
mass, very distinct. Rhinophores large, gills small. Rhinophores
perfoliate, all over dark brown and white. The two anterior gills are
of the same colour; the six posterior orange. They are simply pinnate
and quite symmetrically arranged. Edges of rhinophore and gill-
pockets slightly raised, darker brown; gill-pocket with a thin white
edging.”
The buccal parts and other internal characters are as in the other
specimens. The gills, though straight and scanty, can be seen under
the microscope to be bipinnate in places.
The ten specimens preserved differ somewhat in appearance, some
being white and some reddish brown, but agree in anatomical and
essential external features. The white specimens are the larger.
The animals are much bent, but, if straightened out, the largest
would be about 50 mm. long and 85mm. broad. They are very flat,
the maximum height being only 8-9 mm. The ample mantle-margin
(9-10mm. wide) overhangs the foot on all sides. The foot is not
narrow (about 15 mm. wide), and has expanded margins. The dorsal
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
integuments are thin; the mantle-edge thickens. The texture and
external characters are as described by Mr. Crossland. The pits and
ramifying lines are still visible, but not conspicuous (Fig. 4). The
openings of the rhinophores and branchie are not stellate or markedly
tuberculate. The branchial pocket is shallow, and the lateral branchic
can be counted as either six or eight, the third and fourth plumes
on either side being united at the base (Fig. 4). There is generally
a small unpaired plume in front, opposite the anal papilla, which
completes the circle behind, so that the whole number of plumes seen
protruding from the pocket is nine.
The labial armature consists of two greenish plates, composed of
short, slightly curved rods, with rather swollen tips. These tips form
a mosaic.
The radula is fragile and easily becomes confused. There are about
25 rows, with a formula reaching at least 10+ 35.0.35+ 10.
At the outer ends of each row is a bunch of long, thin teeth (Fig. 55)
lying very close to one another, so that they are difficult to count.
There are, however, at least 10 in the bunch or sheaf, and perhaps
considerably more. The other teeth (Fig. 5a) are comparatively low,
hamate, with long bases. The rhachis is narrow, and the innermost
laterals of the two sides almost cross one another.
The intestines are whitish. The cesophagus is moderately long, but
varies somewhat in different specimens. In all cases, however, it
enters the liver without any external dilatation, and the stomach
is wholly within the liver.
The hermaphrodite gland is ample, forming a thick, white layer over
the liver There is a large mucous gland, gelatinous, colourless, and
semi-solid externally, hard and yellow in the inside. The spermato-
theca is large and roughly spherical; the spermatocyst small and
elongate. No armature of the glans penis was discovered and no
prostate.
This species is very nearly allied to the Ge¢todoris found at Plymouth
(v. Eliot, l.c.), which is probably identical with the animal called
Doris planata by Alder & Hancock. It is not improbable that the
African and British forms are merely varieties of one species, the
tropical specimens being, as is natural, larger and more brightly
coloured. But I have thought it safer to describe them under
a separate specific name.
Prtroporis, Bergh.
This genus differs from Discodorts only in not having a labial
armature, and would perhaps be better regarded as a subgenus, for
the armature in question is merely a collection of small rods which
strengthens the labial cuticle, and, unless it is much developed, is not
a conspicuous or important character. The following species have
been described :—
1. WP. atromaculata, B. Mediterranean.
2. WP. crucis (Oersted), West Indies. = P. Sauvagei, Rochbr.,
Cape Verd.
3. P. Mauritiana, B. Mauritius.
——————_—_——_—_—————— OS
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHIATA FROM CAPE VERD ISLANDS. 143
4. P. angulata, Eliot. E. Africa.
5. P. aurea, Eliot. E. Africa.
6. P. rubescens, B. Malay Archipelago.
Rochebrune (Nouv. Arch. du Muséum d’Hist. Nat. Paris, 1881,
ser. 11, vol. iv, p. 263) has described a species from the Cape Verd
Islands as P. Sauvage’, though without any indication of its internal
characters It is probably only a variety of P. erucis, which has
a green back, spotted with black, and black rhinophores, whereas
P. Sauaget is of a uniform green, with violet rhinophores. Both
_. have yellow branchie.
PELTODORIS sp.
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :—
‘**Dorid, yellow. Porto Praya.
‘“* Back covered with small papilla. 8 rather small, abruptly-ended,
dark red-brown gills. Rhinophores with a few red-brown dashes.
Colour deep yellow, with numerous small reddish brown blotches,
appearing to the naked eye deep orange. Under side nearly white.
Elongated in shape, with narrow mantle. Foot rather high.”
The single specimen is hard and stiff, rather flat, but the back
is somewhat arched. It is much bent, but the dimensions are—
length about 12 mm., breadth about 6 mm.
The integuments are full of white, rod-like spicules, fairly straight,
and of various sizes. The back is covered with little spiculous tufts,
as in Rostanga Evansi, but lower and less conspicuous. The edges of
the rhinophorial and branchial pockets are not raised, but the sur-
rounding surface forms a sort of hillock. The foot is grooved in front,
but apparently not notched. The tentacles are small knobs. The eight
branchi are dark brown, stout, short, scanty, and apparently bipinnate.
No labial armature was found, and the labial cuticle seems clear and
transparent. The radula consists of 52 rows, of which the two
hindmost are in process of growth and hardly formed. Each row
contains 70-80 teeth on either side of the bare rhachis. The teeth are
-hamate and very stout. The innermost are smaller.
This specimen seems to belong to the genus Peltodoris, but is
hardly referable to either P. atromaculata (Mediterranean) or P. crucis
(Antilles). It is probably immature, and it is, perhaps, not worth
while to create a new species for it.
Rosranea, Bergh.
This genus resembles Gettodor’s in many respects, but differs in
haying a prostate and simply pinnate branchiz. ‘The back is covered
with small tubercles, from which spicules project. Hitherto it has
been recorded only from cold and temperate seas. The species are :—
1. &. coccinea (Forbes). Atlantic and Mediterranean.
2. KR. perspicillata, Bergh. Mediterranean.
3. 2. pulchra, MacFar. California.
4. R. rubicunda (Cheeseman). New Zealand.
5. ft. Evansi, n.sp. Cape Verd Islands.
This new species is of a violet grey, but in all the others the
prevailing coloration is red.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Rosranea Evans, n.sp. Pl. XIV, Figs. 6a-6c.
Mr. Crossland’s notes on the living animal are as follows :—
‘Of a light violet grey. Back covered with minute papille.
Numerous round darker spots, edged with a whitish line, looking
exactly like pits, but, when touched with a needle, seen to be in same
plane as rest of surface. These are largest where the mantle passes into
the visceral hump. ) yoloix, p. 427, pl. xv; fig. 13.
‘* Porcupine ”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water.
Identified by M. Dautzenberg.
PLEUROTOMELLA FORMOSA (Jeffreys).
Defrancia formosa, Jeffreys: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1883, p. 397, pl. xliv,
EE
Pleurotomella Packardi, var. formosa, Jett. : Kobelt, p. 282.
‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1869, Stations 14, 23a, 65; 1870,
Station 17.
Distribution.—Deep water in the Atlantic, south to Azores (?) ; also
if it be a variety of P. Packardi, on the American coast.
The following notes are due to Mr. Marshall: ‘‘ There is some
confusion as to the identity of this species. Jeffreys in his description
says that the ‘apical or top whorls are reticulated,’ and that the
‘point is usually sharp, but sometimes blunt and button-shaped,’
although his figure of the shell, as well as the magnified view of the
apex, does not exhibit any reticulation. The Rev. R. Boog Watson
(Challenger Gasterop., p. 350) demurs to this part of Jeffreys’
description, and says he has ‘seen nothing like such a variety of
form [ of the apex | in any specimens of this species, nor in any shells
of the whole Clathurella group.’ He describes the embryonic section
180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
as consisting of four whorls, sharp and narrow, the three lower ones
scored ‘with the characteristic markings of Clathurella, and the
extreme tip indistinctly and closely dotted with tubercles somewhat
linearly arranged.’ This must have been taken from some other shell
than C. formosa, Jeffr., for it does not apply to that species. The
apical whorls of the latter are three only, broad, and brown in colour,
the first is smooth and button-shaped, the second conical and very
finely obliquely striated, and the third nearly flat-sided, obliquely
striated like the second, but with much coarser crinkley strie. Gwyn
Jeffreys’ figures show this oblique striation and flattened apex, but
they err in depicting four whorls instead of three, and the sculpture
of the third should be much coarser than that of the second. I suspect
that when Gwyn Jeffreys described his shell he had two species before
him, and further that Mr. Boog Watson must have had one of these
species in his hands, because the real apex of C. formosa is exactly
depicted in the figure of C. cala, Watson (Challenger Gasterop.,
pl. xxvi, fig. 11), which latter he says has the apical whorls ‘ scored
with excessively fine threadlets which are straight and longitudinal,’
whereas the figure differs from this description. He also says that
C. cala is ‘ very much larger,’ but the dimensions he gives of *55 in.
by ‘3 in. indicate very little difference by those of Jeffreys— 5 in. by
‘25in. Mr. Watson’s figure of C. cala is not formosa (though the
apical whorls are exact), as the longitudinals of the latter are more
oblique and the spirals much more numerous.”
The above remarks led me to examine the ‘‘ Challenger” specimens.
I feel convinced that the shells recorded by Mr. Watson as (. formosa
are not that species; on the other hand, C. ca/a seems to be close to
the true formosa. At present so little material has been collected that
it is uncertain how far variation may exist in these forms, but it may
well be that C. cala will prove only to be a variety. Jeffreys’
‘* Porcupine ”’ collection contains at least four species grouped under
the name of formosa, and very possibly Mr. Watson saw one of these,
and not the true species.
I am unable to verify the relationship of formosa and Packardi,
Verrill, and have catalogued the shells under Jeffreys’ specific name,
so that it may be clear to what form the present notes refer.
)
PLEUROTOMELLA GREGARIA, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 2, 2a.
Shell somewhat thin, with a well-elevated spire, white, the proto-
conch stained with brown. Whorls 6, four being apical. The apical
whorls (worn) are reticulate, and the residue of the shell is sculptured
with longitudinal coste, which fade out on the lower half of the
whorls; there are also numerous rounded spirals cutting the costz.
Below the suture there is an excavated area, showing spirals and also
arcuate striz, more numerous than the coste. Columella fairly
straight; mouth ovate. Long. 4°5, lat. 2mm.
‘¢ Porcupine ” Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
A puzzling form of the group of P. suwbaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer.
From this species it differs in sculpture, the spirals being much more
numerous and rounded; from P. Watson, Dautz. & Fischer, it differs
SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’? EXPEDITIONS. 181
in the excavated area below the suture; it may be the form referred!
by these authors to Jeffreys?, Verrill, from which it appears to me to
differ in the shape of the whorls, length of canal, and, from Verrill’s
figure, in the longitudinal sculpture. It is the spinulosa, Jeffreys MS.
PLEUROTOMELLA IMPLIcIscuLPTA (Sturany).
Defrancia implicisculpta, Sturany : Mollusken gesamm. Pola, 1890-4,
p. 12, pl. i, figs. 10-12 (1896).
Pleurotomella impliciseulpta, Sturany: Kobelt, p. 388.
Defrancia gibbera, Jeffreys: Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1873, p- 113 [nom. sol. ].
Pleurotoma gibbera, Jeffreys: Monterosato, Nuova Revista, 1875, p. 44 ;
Enum. e Sinon., 1878, p. 47; Bull. Soe. Mal. Ital., 1880, p. 77
{nom. sol. }.
Leufroyia gibbera, Jeffreys: Monterosato, Nat. Sicil., 1890, p. 27
[nom. sol. }.
‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Stations 30, 50, 56; Adventure
Bank, 92 fathoms.
DMistribution.—Palermo, Santo Vito, etc. (Monterosato) ; deep water
off Alexandria (Sturany).
I have to thank the Marquis de Monterosato for the bibliographical
details, as also for the clue to the above identification. No description
of the name gibbera has ever appeared.
PLEUROTOMELLA (?) Lusiranica, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 3, 3a.
Shell moderately elongate, somewhat fusiform in shape, the spire
well raised. Colour white, the protoconch stained with chestnut.
Whorls about 7, rather flattened, with a well-marked suture. Apical
whorls 3, the first being almost smooth and the others decussated by
arcuate riblets. The remaining whorls are sculptured spirally by
numerous flat, broad riblets, which (under a lens) are seen to be about
twice as wide as their interstices, and to be crossed by lines of growth,
which give them a roughened or scabrous appearance. The last
whorl is large ; the aperture being somewhat squared at the base, and
with no noticeable sinus; the outer lip thin and regularly arcuate.
The columella is fairly straight above, a trifle twisted at the base, and
has a light callus on its lower portion. Long. 6, lat. 3mm.
‘“ Porcupine ’’ Expedition, Station 17.
Seven specimens of varying ages: the above diagnosis is ‘ composite,’
as the protoconch in the type is rather worn and a little injured.
One specimen (broken) is larger than the dimensions given.
Nearly related to Blanchardi, Dautz. & Fischer, but, from their
figure, the present shell is more slender and the mouth is not so
broad; also the interstices of the spirals are not nearly equal in
breadth to the spirals themselves.
It is also akin to Dalmasi, Dautz. & Fischer, which was found with
it. From that species it may be severed by the form being less
elongate, the base not being so pointed, but squarer, with a corre-
sponding difference in the shape of the mouth. ‘The spiral sculpture
is of a different nature in the present shell, and the zone below the
1 Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. ix, p. 411.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
suture in Dalmasi, marked by arcuate strie, is lacking in P. lusitanica.
In form the shell recalls Daphnella pompholyx, Dall, but differs
apparently in the spirals, judging from his figure.
PLEUROTOMELLA MEGALEMBRYON (Dautzenberg & Fischer).
Pleurotoma megalembryon, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. ix, p. 420, pl. xvii, fig. 14.
‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17 (five specimens).
Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water.
I have to thank Mons. Dautzenberg for the identification.
PLEUROTOMELLA (?) NopuLosa (Jeffreys).
Defrancia nodulosa, Jeffreys: Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. v, vol. x, p. 32.
‘¢ Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 55, 1,456 fathoms.
Distribution.—Deep water in the Mediterranean.
See notes under Plewrotoma macra, Watson.
PLEUROTOMELLA (?) osrusum [ (Jeffreys) Locard ].
Pleurotoma obtusum, Jeffreys: Locard, Expéd. Scient. Tray. Talisman,
vol. 1, p. 202, pl. ix, figs. 12-16 ; Kobelt, p. 318.
‘* Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Stations 24 and 30.
Distribution.—Deep water to the south and west of Portugal.
PLEUROTOMELLA (?) sERGA (Dall).
Pleurotoma serga, Dall: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. ix, p. 65;
vol. xii, pl. ix, fig. 4; vol. xviii, p. 114.
Mangilia serga, Dall: Locard, Expéd. Scient. Trav. Talisman, Moll.,
vol. i, p. 233.
Pleurotoma acanthodes, Watson: Challenger Rep., Gasteropoda, p. 342,
pls xxiii, fig. cd:
‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870 (see below).
Distribution.—Both sides of the Mid-Atlantic in deep water, also off
the Azores.
Two lots in the Museum, which I attribute to this species, bear
several station numbers whose accuracy is uncertain. I have also
the earlier whorls of a specimen from Station 17, and similar
fragments from Stations 30 and 56.
PLEUROTOMELLA SUBARANEOSA (Dautzenberg & Fischer).
Pleurotoma subaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. ix, p. 422, pl. xvi, figs: 11, 12.
“‘ Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Distribution.—Off the Azores, in deep water.
A long series of this handsome shell ; it is the Plewrotoma exquisita,
Jeffreys MS.
PLEUROTOMELLA THAUMASTOPSIS (Dautzenberg & Fischer).
Pleurotoma thaumastopsis, Dautz. & Fischer: Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. ix, p. 426, pl. xvi, fig. 14.
‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Distribution.— Ott the Azores, in deep water.
Two very young specimens.
SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 1838
PLEUROTOMELLA ? n.sp.
Two specimens from the cruise of 1870, Station 17, seem worthy of
being noticed. They are very young apparently, and belong to the
group of P. subaraneosa, Dautz. & Fischer, but they differ from all
other forms of this group known to me in the fact that the spirals are
almost obsolete and only traces of them are seen. So little is yet
known of the variation in this group that I have not endowed them
with a specific name.
SPrROTROPIS CLYTOTROPIS, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 4, 4a.
Shell elongate fusiform, pale brownish white (dead), spire well
produced. Whorls 5, angulated and convex. Protoconch of two
whorls, large, glassy, and bulbous, smooth save for indistinct traces of
microscopic spirals. The remaining whorls are strongly, angulated
and carinated at the periphery, this carina appears on the later whorls
as if duplex ; below this carina is a second, smaller one, and two more
are obscurely indicated below. The mouth is strongly angled, and the
canal is spout-like and slightly twisted. Long. 8, lat. vix 4 mm.
‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Eleven specimens, all, except the type, being very young. Akin
to the well-known S. modiola, Jan, but slightly broader in proportion
to the length. Further, the present shell may be distinguished by
the additional spirals below the carina, which are not present in
S. modiola, Jan; the canal is also more produced in S. clytotropis.
We may compare the sculpture with that of S. monotropis, Dautz. &
Fischer, which appears to be a more elongate shell, with a small and
pointed protoconch.
SPrROTROPIS (?) MEGALACME, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 5, 5a.
Shell small, conical-fusiform, spire well raised, fairly solid. Colour
(dead) whitish-brown, with a white protoconch. Whorls 6, turreted,
regularly increasing. Protoconch large, white, the first whorl and
a half smooth, then closely-set longitudinal riblets are seen, and the
whorl becomes carinate. ‘he remaining whorls are acutely carinate,
with an area below the suture, either smooth or with arcuate striz :
below the carina appear numerous longitudinal riblets, decussated by
spiral carinations, giving the shell a somewhat prickly or nodulous
appearance. The mouth is small, with a well-marked sinuation above ;
columella vertical, a little twisted at the base. Long. 5, lat. 2°5 mm.
‘“‘Poreupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Four specimens, three being immature. The details as to the
protoconch are taken from a younger specimen than the type.
Sprrorropis (?) Metvitu, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 6, 6a.
Shell small, elongate, spire well raised, varying a good deal in the
relative proportions of length and breadth; colour hyaline white.
Whorls 6, turreted, carinated, regularly but slowly increasing, suture
well marked, with a small strap-like rim below it. Protoconch large,
white, smooth, elevated. The remaining whorls are marked by
a strong spiral keel, which is either smooth or bears acute nodules;
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
lines of growth well marked, aperture fairly broad, the columella
twisted at the base. Long. 6, lat. 2°6 mm.
‘« Poreupine”’? Expedition, Station 17.
A long series. Recalling in shape the well-known S. modvolus,
Jan, but differing in sculpture. I have to thank M. Dautzenberg for
examining this shell, together with the bulk of the forms now
described.
SPrrorROPIs MopIOLUS (Jan).
Fusus modiolus, Jan: Cat. Conch. Foss., 1832, p. 10. .
Pleurotoma carinatum, Bivona, 1838.
Pleurotoma acuta, Bellardi.
Pleurotoma scalaris, Partsch, 1837.
Spirotropis modiola, Jan: Kobelt, p. 297 (vide references cited).
‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1869, Stations 1, 23a (live), 65; 1870,
Stations 16, 24, 30, 50, 56; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms; off Cape
Sagres, 45-58 fathoms.
Distribution.—From the Lofoten Islands to West Africa, and in the
Mediterranean; generally in fairly deep water. Fossil in the Miocene
and Pliocene of South Europe.
A good series of this form, not usually of common occurrence.
Sprrorroris Monterosaror (Locard).
Pleurotoma Monterosatoi, Locard: Expéd. Scient. Trav. Talisman,
vol. i, p. 209, pl. ix, figs. 22-26.
‘¢ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Distribution.—Deep water, off Morocco (Locard),
Three very young specimens, in poor condition, which I refer here
with some slight doubt.
Tussi (?) monoceros (Watson).
Pleurotoma (Thesbia?) monoceros, Watson: Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xv,
p. 449; Challenger Rep., Gasteropoda, p. 365, pl. xx, fig. 1.
‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
Distribution. —Otf Sierra Leone, in 2,500 fathoms.
Several young specimens and fragments, the identification of which,
with Mr. Watson’s form was suggested, with a query, by Mr. J. T.
Marshall. The unique type has lost its protoconch, and, while these
specimens may belong to the same form, it is impossible to speak with
certainty.
Taranis Morcur (Malm).
Trophon Mérehi, Malm: Gotenborg Vet. Handl., 1868, p. 180.
Pleurotoma cirrata, Brugnone: Pleur. foss. Palermo, 1862, p. 17.
Non Pleurotoma ctirrata, Bellardi: Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. 11, vol. ix
(1847), p. 575.
Taranis cirrata, Brugnone: Kobelt, p. 323.
‘¢ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Stations 3, 16, 17, 30; Adventure
Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution—¥rom Norway to the Mediterranean and in deep
water in the Atlantic. Iam not clear if the North American records
are to be relied upon. A Phocene fossil in Southern Europe.
») BXPEDITIONS. 185
SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE
The specimens from Station 6 are only fragments of the earlier
whorls.
HapropLevra ruFA (Montagu).
Murex rufus, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 263.
Hedropleura rufa, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 328.
‘* Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Foyle, 10 fathoms; also
a young, very dead shell from ‘‘ W. Ireland, 73 fath.”
Distribution.—Finmark to the British and French coasts. A Tertiary
fossil.
HDROPLEURA SEPTANGULARIS (Montagu).
Murex septangularis, Montagu: Test. Brit., 1803, p. 268, pl. ix, fig. 5.
Hedropleura septangularis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 326.
‘** Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—From Bergen to the Mediterranean, also Madeira and
Canaries (Jeffreys). A Tertiary fossil of Southern Europe.
According to Jeffreys the Pleurotoma Atgeensis of Forbes is, ‘‘ex
typ ,” a synonym, while Mangelia rigida (Forbes), Reeve, is a variety.
SurcuLa UnDATIRUGA (Bivona).
Pleurotoma undatiruga, Bivona: Gen. Posth., p. 7.
Surcula undatiruga, Bivona: Kobelt, p. 330.
‘‘ Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; off Cape Sagres,
45-58 fathoms.
Distribution.—Various localities in the Western Mediterranean,
especially off the Algerian coast; also off N.W. Africa and to the
Canaries. A Pliocene fossil.
One specimen (young) in the Museum has met with an accident,
causing the animal to form a new mouth at an angle to the old one,
and from the back view to resemble a Vertagus.
Maneetia costata (Donovan).
Murex costatus, Donovan: Brit. Shells, vol. iii, pl. xci.
Mangelia costata, Donovan: Kobelt, p. 348.
“Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, off Lerwick, 10-66 fathoms
. (var. coarctata); 1870, Station 50 (and var. coarctata); Vigo Bay,
20) fathoms (and var. coarctata); Tangier Bay, 35 fathoms; Adventure
Bank, 92 fathoms (with var. coarctata and a white var.).
Distribution. —Finmark to the Mediterranean and Tenerife.
European Tertiary fossil.
Maneetia rueuLosa (Philippi).
Pleurotoma rugulosum, Philippi: Enum. Moll. Sicil., vol. ui, p. 169.
Mangelia rugulosa, Philippi: Kobelt, p. 336,
‘Porcupine’? Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Adventure Bank,
92 fathoms.
Distribution. — From the British Isles to the Mediterranean.
A Tertiary fossil.
BeELLARDIELLA GRACILIS (Montagu).
Murex gracilis, Montagu: Test. Brit., 1803, p. 207.
Bellardiella gracilis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 348.
VOL. VII.—SEPTEMBER, 1906. 13
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Benzert Road,
40-65 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—British Isles to Madeira and Canaries; also in the
Mediterranean. A well-known Phocene fossil.
Several localities appear on the Museum boxes, but none are
sufficiently certain to cite.
CLATHURELLA CLATHRATA (de Serres).
Pleurotoma clathrata, de Serres: Geogn. midi France, 1829, p. 118,
pl. i, figs: 1,28.
Clathurella ( Clathromangelia) clathrata, de Serres: Kobelt, p. 369.
‘‘ Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil.
I have followed the traditional identification, but if the recent
species be distinct, as has been suggested, it should bear the name of
granum, Phil.
CrataureLta Leurroyr (Michaud).
Pleurotoma Leufroy?, Michaud: Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xi
(1828), p. 121.
Clathurella (Leufroyia) Leufroyi, Michaud: Kobelt, p. 365.
** Porcupine’ Expedition, 1869, Station 36; Little Minch, 45-50
fathoms; 1870, Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution. — Norway to the Mediterranean; Canary Islands.
Fossil in European Tertiaries.
Jeffreys notes that the animal ‘‘is sometimes of a pea-green colour,
which is perceptible through the shell”: so far as my own observation,
of Guernsey and Herm specimens, has gone, the colour has varied
from very pale fleshy to white.
CLATHURELLA LINEARIS (Montagu).
Murex linearis, Montagu: Test. Brit., vol. 1, p. 261.
Clathurella ( Cyrillia) linearis, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 367.
‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Foyle, 10 fathoms; 1870,
Stations 138, 50; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution—Finmark to the Mediterranean and Canaries. A
Phocene and Post-Tertiary fossil from many European localities.
I am unable to decide as to the priority between this name and the
Murex elegans of Donovan.
CLaTHURELLA MarsHauit, n.sp. Pl. XVI, Figs. 7, 7a.
Shell elongate-fusiform, fairly solid, spire well drawn out. Colour
(dead) whitish-brown. Whorls 73, convex, regularly increasing.
Protoconch pointed, well exserted, of about 33 whorls, worn and
polished but bearing traces of the regular ‘ Clathurella-sculpture.’
Residue of the shell bearing rounded longitudinal riblets of fair size,
crossed by a number of spiral threads (about 6 on the penultimate
whorl), and showing traces of a smoother area below the suture.
Aperture of fair size, with a short, slightly recurved, canal. Long. 4:5,
lat. 1°8 mm.
‘* Porcupine”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 17.
9
SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 187
Closely related to many forms of Clathurella, but I am unable to
exactly identify it. Mr. Marshall notes ‘nearest to C. dinearis, var.
equalis, but more oblong, sculpture finer, with infrasutural area.”
CLATHURELLA NIvEA (Monterosato). Pl. XVI, Figs. 8, 84.
Defrancia reticulata, var. nivea, Monterosato: Atti Acc. Palerm., 1875,
No. i, p. 44.
Pleurotoma (Homotoma) nivea, Monterosato: Enum. e Sinon., 1878,
p. 46.
‘* Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Station 56.
Distribution.— Mediterranean.
Recorded from specimens identified by the author. Mr. Marshall
writes: ‘‘ This species resembles C. reticulata in size, sculpture, and
outlines, but while C. reticudata has a slender and acute apex of four
whorls, C. nivea has a broad twisted apex (apex revolutus) of two
whorls only, somewhat similar to that of Zrophon and Murex, so that
when either of these species are found minus the upper whorls, there
is some doubt in determining the species. The same remarks apply
to dwarf forms of C. purpurea in relation to C. bicolor, U. gemmata,
and C. gracillima.”’
CLATHURELLA PSEUDOHYSTRIX, 1.0. _
Defrancia hystriz, Jan: Jeffreys, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 1v, vol. vi,
5 45
? Peratotoma histriz, Jan: Sacco, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. xxx,
p. 52, pl. xii, fig. 37.
Clathurella (Cordieria) hystrix, Jan: Kobelt, p. 357, pl. xevi, fig. 20.
Pleurotoma (Clathurella) histriz, Jan: Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool., vol. xxvi, p. 304.
Non Pleurotoma hystrix, Jan: Cat. Conch., 1882, p. 10.
Non Raphitoma histrix, Jan: Bellardi, Mem. Acc. Torino, ser. U1,
vol. ix, p. 613, pl. iv, fig. 14.
Non Homotoma histriz, Jan: Bellardi, Moll. Terz. Piemonte, pt. ii,
p. 267.
‘‘Porcupine’”’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Adventure Bank,
92 fathoms (with a white variety in both cases).
Distribution.—Several localities in the Mediterranean; also Madeira
(Watson).
I have set out the above references in detail, as I am unable
to agree with the identification of the recent specimens with the
older Tertiary form. Nothing can be gleaned from Jan’s original
reference, and the species really rests on Bellardi’s diagnosis and
figure, which were, as I understand it, taken from a specimen sent to
ae by Jan. Further references may be obtained from the works
cited.
As the Marquis de Monterosato, who kindly suggested the above
“name to me, points out, the fossil form has a pointed protoconch,
composed of three or four whorls; while the recent shell, in the
character of its protoconch, rather resembles Zrophon. Precisely
where the fossil form disappeared and was replaced by the present
shell, I am unable to determine, but the two appear to be distinct.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
CLATHURELLA PURPUREA (Montagu).
Murex purpureus, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 260, pl. ix, fig. 2.
Clathurella purpurea, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 359.
‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Stations 35, 50, Gibraltar Bay,
3 fathoms.
Distribution. — Atlantic seas from Norway to South England ;
oceasionally in the Mediterranean. A Tertiary fossil.
The specimens from the two first-mentioned stations were identified
by Mr. J. ‘I. Marshall as belonging to his variety mznor.
CLATHURELLA RETICULATA (Renier).
Murex reticulatus, Renier: Tavola Alf., 1804, p. ix.
Clathurella reticulata, Renier: Kobelt, p. 351.
‘‘ Porcupine”? Expedition, 1870, Stations 51, 56; Rasel Amoush,
45 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms (with var. hispida, Monts.).
Distribution. —From England south to the Mediterranean. A
Tertiary fossil.
RapHITOMA ATTENUATA (Montagu).
Murex attenuatus, Montagu: Test. Brit., vol. i, p. 266.
Raphitoma (Villiersiella) attenuatum, Montagu: Kobelt, p. 380.
“Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Vigo Bay, 20 fathoms;
Rasel Amoush, 45 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—Jutland and Sweden to the Mediterranean, also
Teneriffe. A Plocene fossil.
It may be convenient to mention here some specimens from
Station 17 of the cruise of 1870. They are very close to attenuata,
and may prove to be identical, but the protoconch is different, being
dome-shaped rather than cylindrical, and they show other minor
variations. Their condition is not good, and I have therefore not
named them.
Rapuiroma Bracuystoma (Philippi).
Pleurotoma brachystomum, Philippi: Enum. Moll. Sicil., vol. 1, p. 169,
pl.exxvi, fe. 10:
Raphitoma (Ginnania) brachystomum, Phil.: Kobelt, p. 378.
‘‘ Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Vigo Bay, 20 fathoms; -
Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—From Norway to the Mediterranean and Aigean.
A Tertiary fossil.
Jeffreys notes in his manuscripts that Plewrotoma cycladense
(Forbes), Reeve, is a synonym; it is given specific rank by
Dr. Kobelt. The form is not in the British Museum, and I am
unable to throw any light on the question.
Raputroma Leviears (Philippi).
Pleurotoma levigatum, Philippi: Moll. Sicil., vol. i, p. 199, pl. xi,
fig. 17.
Raphitoma nebula, var. levigata: Kobelt, p. 376.
“Porcupine”? Expedition, 1869, Lough Swilly, 3 fathoms (the
SYKES: MOLLUSCA OF ‘‘ PORCUPINE’’ EXPEDITIONS. 189
small form known as var. minor, Jeff., alive); 1870, Algeciras Bay,
1-15 fathoms.
Distribution.—Mediterranean to the British coasts; also Belgium
(Jeffreys MSS.).
The animal of the live specimen above-mentioned is thus described
by Jeffreys. ‘‘ Body milk-white, with minute and irregular specks of
flake white; mouth thick ; pallial tube long and cylindrical; tentacles
thread-shaped, short, extremely thin above the eye-stalks; eyes black,
conspicuous, placed on the top of long stalks which are three times as
thick as the tentacles ; foot long, equal in breadth for two-thirds of
its length and narrowing behind; it is squarish or slightly bilobed
and double-edged in front, notched or indented behind.”
I am unable to decide as to the correct specitic name for this shell.
Sowerby described a Pleurotoma laevigata in 1823 (Min. Conch.,
vol. iy, pl. 387), as noted by Jeffreys in his MS., and the latter
proposed to adopt the name nigra of Pot. & Mich. (Gal. Douai,
vol. ii, p. 446). According to Tryon (Man. Conch., vol. vi, p. 224)
the latter is, however, identical with Montagu’s rufa, and Lam not ina
position to settle the question. Jeffreys further suggests that P. atrata,
O. G. Costa (1839), may be identical with the present species. There
is also a Pleurotoma laevigata of Nyst (1888).
Rapuitoma NEBULA (Montagu).
Murex nebula, Montagu: Test. Brit., p. 267, pl. xv, fig. 6.
Raphitoma ( Ginnania) nebula, Mont.: Kobelt, p. 374.
“Porcupine” Expedition, 1869, Station 68 (var. fuseformis,
Marshall); Lough Swilly, 3-13 fathoms; 1870, Station 50 (with
var, abbreviata, Jeff.) ; Tangier Bay, 35 fathoms (a live, young, nearly
white form); Gibraltar Bay, 3 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms
(var. abbreviata, Jett.).
Distribution. — Atlantic coast of Europe, also Mediterranean,
Canaries, and Madeira. A Tertiary and Post-Tertiary fossil of the
British Isles and the Continent.
RapHITOMA NUPERRIMA (Tiberi).
Pleurotoma nuperrimum, Viberi: Descr. nuovi Testacei Medit., 1855,
p. 14, pl. ui, figs. 7-9.
Raphitoma (?) nuperrimum, Tiberi: Kobelt, p. 385.
‘‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, Stations 6, 8, 9, 24, 50; Cartagena
Bay, 60-84 fathoms; Benzert Road, 40-65 fathoms; Adventure
Bank, 92 fathoms.
Distribution.—Various localities in the Mediterranean and from
Arcachon (Locard).
This shell is better known under the name of hispidula, Jan ; which
form appears not to have been described by that author, but by
Bellardi in 1848. From the figures given, the recent shell appears to
be very closely allied to the fossil, if not identical, but I have
followed Dr. Kobelt in their separation, since Jeffreys says, ‘‘ Not
Raphitoma hispidula, Jan, in Foresti’s collection from Bologna; but in
other notes I have regarded the fossil and recent species as the same.”
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Jeffreys also places P. lyciacum (Forbes), Reeve, in the synonymy ;
Dr. Kobelt, however, gives it specific rank, but, judging from Reeve’s
figure, I concur with Jeffreys.
Rapuitoma striotata (Scacchi).
Pleurotoma striolatum, Scacchi: Cat. Moll. Regn. Napoli, p. 12
Raphitoma (Smithiella) costulatum, var. striolatum, Scacchi: Kobelt,
p- 385.
‘* Porcupine’ Expedition, 1870, Station 50; Tangiers Bay,
35 fathoms; Adventure Bank, 92 fathoms. [Specimens also in the
Museum from Station 9; query which cruise. |
Distribution. — Norway to the Mediterranean, and Canaries.
A Pliocene fossil.
The correct name for this species seems to be an exceedingly
difficult problem (see Kobelt, loc. cit.). There is a prior Mangelia
striolata of Risso, which seems distinct, as I gather both from his
figure and description that the spirals do not cross the longitudinal
ribs. Whether it be the Pleurotoma costulata of Blainyille I am not
clear, Various other possible names may be suggested, but perhaps
the simplest course at present is to follow Jeffreys, who, quoting the
shell as ‘‘striolata (Scacchi), Philippi,’ adds, ‘‘in this state of
uncertainty caused by the multiplicity of names perhaps it is best to
use that name which 1s indisputably appropriate and recognized.”
RapuHitoMa TURGIDA (Forbes).
Pleurotoma turgida, Forbes: Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1843 (1844), p. 139.
Raphitoma (?) turgidum, Forbes: Kobelt, p. 386, pl. xeviil, figs. 19, 20.
Pleurotoma nana, Scacchi, 1839, non Deshayes, 1832.
‘‘ Porcupine” Expedition, 1870, off Cape Sagres, 45-58 fathoms;
Benzert Road, 40—65 fathoms.
Distribution.—Various localities in the Mediterranean. Fossil in
the South European Tertiary.
From the first-mentioned locality come two specimens, so named by
Jeffreys; one of them (a very dead shell) is correct, but I refer the
other rather to /evigata.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
Fics. 1, la. Plesrotomelia (?) bullioides, n.sp.
»> 2, 20. oe gregaria, D.sp.
»» 98, oa. (?) lusitanica, n.sp.
55 thy 4a. Spirotr opis elytotropis, n.sp.
55 1 ON OG. . (?) megalaome, n.sp.
53) 105 Os (?) Melvilli, n.sp.
7c lou has Clathurella Marshalli, n.sp.
53) OpcGde 35 nivea (Monterosato).
Vom Vie vr
Proc. Manac. Soc.
A.H. Searle, del et lith.
SHELLS FROM THE PORCUPINE” EXPEDITIONS.
191
ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF SOWERBY’S ‘“ MINERAL
CONCHOLOGY ” AND ‘‘GENERA OF RECENT AND FOSSIL SHELLS.”
By HE. R. Syxes, B.A.
Read 8th June, 1906.
Recentiy Mr. Reynell has lent me a little volume containing the back
covers of parts 1-108 of the ‘“ Mineral Conchology,” and since these
covers give details of the contents and date of publication of each part
it appears that a list might prove of use. One such list has been
given by Mons. Renevier,! but it is somewhat difficult of access and
does not go so fully into detail as I have been enabled to do. I was
somewhat puzzled to find that Mr. Reynell’s set of covers ceased with
that of No. 108, but an inspection of a copy of vol. vii, bound in the
parts and lent by Mr. R. B. Newton, readily explains the matter, for
after the cover of No. 108 the residue give no details as to the contents
of the part.
I desire to thank Mr. Sherborn for his help, and regret that at
present I have not found time to utilize his notes on the dates of issue
of the foreign editions of the work.
VOLE
Parr, PLATES. PaGEs. Date.
1 aie 1-3 .. L-vu, 9-16 ae June 1, 1812
2 4-9 106 17-32 See Aug. 1, 1812
3 10-15 oat 33-48 ane Feb. 1, 1813
4 16-21 Sas 49-60 aa April 1, 1813
5 D2 Di are 61-72 eis June 1, 1813
6 28-33 ae lor bee eaS4 so Aug. 1, 1813
a 33 2-38 73 2-84 aise Oct. 1, 1813
8 39-44 ane 85-96 atic Dec. 1, 1813
9 45-50 = 97-108 nae Feb. 1, 1814
10 51-56 eS 109-124 Bo April 1, 1814
11 57-62 Bah 125-140 Bd June 1, 1814
12 63-67 Seis 141-152 aes Aug. 1, 1814
13 68-73 sis 153-168 siete Oct. 1, 1814
14 74-78 ae 169-178 oes Dec. 1, 1814
15 79-84 wae 179-194 ae. Feb. 1, 1815
16 85-90 sate 195-202 a April 1, 1815
17 91-96 ae 203-218 ne June 1, 1815
18 97-102 ae 219-234, Be April 1, 1815
and index to vol. i.
Supplementary Index to vol. i, published October 1, 1815.
VOL. II.
Parr. PLATES. PaGEs. Darter.
19 S55 103-108 aide 1-12 oat Oct. 1, 1815
20 are 109-114 nae 13-28 oe Dec. 1, 1815
21 See 115-120 oY 29-44 iets Feb. 1, 1816
22 sr 121-126 aes 45-60 Rais April 1, 1816
23 Bie 127-132 aoe 61-72 =e June 1, 1816
24 ae 1338-1388 ee 73-84 3 ioe Aug. 1, 1816
25 abe 1389-144 ee 85-100 iets Oct. 1, 1816
26 seis 145-150 sais 101-116 Ue Dec. 1, 1816
! Bull. Soc. Vaud., 1855.
® Should be 33 is (Emarginula) and pp. 73**-84** (cf. Suppl. Index).
3 Paged as 77-88, but should be as above (cf. index to vol. ii).
192
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
PLATES.
151-156
157-162
163-168
169-174
175-180
. A, 181-186
187-192
193-198
199-203
Stratigraphical Index (pp
Part.
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
PLATES.
204-209
210-215
216-221
222-227
228-233
234-239
240-245
246-248
249-253
254-259
260-265
266-271
272-277
278-283
284-289
290-294
295-300
301-306
and i
. 240-251) appeared in No. 38 (December 1, 1818).
PaGEs.
117-128
129-140
141-154
155-166
167-178
179-194
195-210
211-224
225-235,
ndex to vol. ii.
AO) aL
16
PaGEs.
1-16
17-28
29-40
41-48
49-58
59-68
69-80
81-88
89-98
99-106
107-118
119-126
127-138
139-150
151-162
3-170, 166*,
167*, 168-170
172078
179-184,
‘and Alphabetical Index.
Date.
Feb. 1, 1817
April 1, 1817
June 1, 1817
Aug. 1, 1817
Oct. 1, 1817
Dec. 1, 1817
Feb. 1, 1818
April 1, 1818
June 1, 1818
Darr.
Aug. 1, 1818
Oct. 1, 1818
Dec. 1, 1818
Feb. 1, 1819
April 1, 1819
June 1, 1819
Aug. 1, 1819
Oct. 1, 1819
Dec. 1, 1819
Feb. 1, 1820
April 1, 1820
May 1, 1820
May 1, 1821
June 1, 1821
July 1, 1821
Aug. 1, 1821
Sept. 1, 1821
Oct. 1, 1821
Supplementary Index published in No. 61 (June 1, 1822).
VOL. IY.
PLATES.
307-312
313-318
319-824
325-330
331-336
331-342
343-348
349-354
355-859
3860-3865
ee 366-371
soe 312-301
: 378-383
384-388
389-394
395-400
401+407
Pages.
1-8
9-16
17-24
25-32
33-44
45-56
57-68
69-76
77-82
83-90
89,' 91-96
97-104
105-114
115-122
128-130
131-1388
139-148,
“and index to vol. iv.
Supplementary Index, really published August 1, 1823, although noted on cover of
No. 71 as published in June.
Date.
Sept. 1, 1821
Dec. 1, 1821
Jan. 1, 1822
Feb. 1, 1822
March 1, 1822
April 1, 1822
May 1, 1822
June 1, 1822
July 1, 1822
Aug. 1, 1822
Sept. 1, 1822
Oct. 1, 1822
Nov. 1, 1822
Jan. 1, 1823
Feb. 1, 1823
April 1, 1823
May 1, 1823
1 This second page numbered 89 is text for Bulimus, pl. 366.
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
SYKES: ON
PLATES.
408-413
414-419
420-425
426-431
432-437
438-443
445-450
444, 451-455
456-461
462-467
468-473
474-479
480-485
486-491
492-497
498-503
PLATES.
504-509
510-515
516-621
522-021
628-533
534-539
540-545
546-551
552-557
558-562
563-568
569-574
575-580
581-586
587-591
592-597
598-603
604-609
DATES OF PUBLICATION,
VOL. V.
PaGEs.
1-12
13-20
21-32
33-40
41-48
49-64
65-72
63*, 64*, 73-78
79-90
91-98
99-114
115-130
131-1388
1389-144
145-152
153-168,
and index to vol. v. a
\WOlis Wal
PAGEs.
1-12
13-28
29-36
37-44
45-50 }
51-76
77-86
87-96
97-108
109-120
VALS y
133-140
141-156
157-164
165-184
185-200
201-214
215-230
if portrait, pretace, and
Systematic Index,
vols. i—vi.
193
Date.
June 1, 1823
July 1, 1823
Aug. 1, 1823
Sept. 1, 1823
Nov. 1, 1823
Dec. 1, 1823
Jan. 1, 1824
March 1, 1824
April 1, 1824
May 1, 1824
Aug. 1, 1824
Sept. 1, 1824
Dec. 1, 1824
March 1, 1825
May 1, 1825
Sept. 1, 1824
Date.
Feb. 1, 1826
March 1, 1826
April 1, 1826
May 1, 1826
July 1, 1826
Sept. 1, 1826
Nov. 1, 1826
Jan. 1, 1827
March 1, 1827
May 1, 1827
Aug. 1, 1827
Sept. 1, 1827
Nov. 1, 1827
Jan. 1, 1828
June 1, 1828
Aug. 1, 1828
Jan. 1, 1829
July 1, 1829
Aug. 1, 1835
Title and Index, July 1, 1829; Alphabetical Index to vols. i-vi, March, 1840.
Part.
106
107
108
109
110
wali
112
113
PLATES.
610-6138
614-618
619-623
624-628
629-633
634-638
639-643
644-648
VOL. VII.
PAGEs.
900 1-8
ood 9-16
boc 17-24
25-40
41-48
49-56
57-80
Date.
March, 1840
Oct., 1840
March, 1841
Feb., 1843
Jan., 1844
March, 1844
Nov., 1844
Jan., 1846
1 pp. 51 and 52 are noted on covers of both parts 91 and 92 as being there included ;
probably the latter is correct.
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The following notes are taken from the respective covers mentioned :
Cover of No. 2, Corrigenda, p. 11, 1. 19, for South read North. Cover
of No. 34, ‘‘ The name semis having accidentally been given to two
distinct species of Zrochus, tab. 142 and tab. 181, fig. 2, I would wish
to name the first of them, t. 142, 7. Anglicus, to distinguish it from
a French one nearly like it.” [ Reappears in Index, but is earlier here. |
Cover of No. 37 corrects ‘ termination’ to Pectens on pls. 204, 205, to
corneus, obscurus, laminatus, arcuatus, and rigidus.
Further, there appear on some of these covers dates, ete., of
publication of parts of the ‘‘ Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells,”’ and
I take this opportunity of publishing those given as a supplement to
the valuable notes by Mr. Sherborn.’
These details are of interest in two respects; firstly, where they
can be collated with the dates extracted by him from the Linnean
Society’s Donation-book, they show the accuracy of that work ;
secondly, they give dates for certain early parts which he was unable
to trace.
In dealing with the following list some notes may be useful.
Part ix is stated to have appeared on diverse dates on the covers of
Nos. 65 and 66: probably the latter is correct, and the earlier date is
that on which it was intended to appear. Part xiii has ‘‘ Dec. 28”
given as the date of issue ; this appears to be a slip for Jan. 28. The
dates in square brackets are those of the parts of the ‘‘ Mineral
Conchology ”’ to which reference is made.
Minerat Concur. GrenERA OF Recent anp Fosstt SHELLS.
No. or Part. No. or Part. Dare.
57 ee J Hee Dec. 31, 1821
58 aa III ate ‘* Last day of Feb.,”’ 1822
59 sa IV eS March 30, 1822
60 av ... April 30, 1822
61 Sapa! .. May 81, 1822
62 dai VII us June 29, 1822
64 Le wu, Auge 81, 1822
65 ann IX me Sept. 80, 1822
66 seis Ix Bis Oct. 31, 1822
67 see po ve uraeDor saline a) aoa
68 af XIII hee Dec. 28, 1822 ML 4 S
69 a XIV a Se March 31, 1823
71 ae XV Bs May 31, 1828
73 ee) ARGV ... July 31, 1823
74 se XVII or ‘* Just published’ [Sept. 1, 1823]
75 ae XVIII se Sept. 30, 1823
76 Lon XX aes Noy. 29, 1823
77 ae XXI ae Dec. 31, 1823
79 MOU ... March 31, 1824
85 At XXV S06 “¢ Just published’ [May 1, 1825]
91 “es XEXVED ese ‘Just published’? [July 1, 1826]
93 ae XXIX aes ‘* Shortly to appear’ [Nov. 1, 1826]
1 Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. v1, vol. xili, pp. 370 and 371 (1894).
195
NOTE ON A NEW VARIETY (VAR. LONGISPIRA) OF OLIVA
ISPIDULA.
By F. G. Briveman.
Read 8th June, 1906.
I nave for some time had in my collection some specimens of Oliva
which I think should be regarded as a variety of the well-known
O. ispidula, although at first sight they look almost specifically
distinct. They differ considerably from the type in form, being
decidedly narrower in proportion to the length, and also in having
a much longer and more gradually tapering spire.
Their ground-colour is yellowish or yellowish - brown, and is
reticulated with an irregular network of brown lines, and often
exhibits more or less numerous scattered spots and dots of a much
darker tint. The interior of the aperture is chocolate brown, becoming
a little paler anteriorly. The suture is narrowly but distinctly
channelled, and bordered above with a collar-like callus of a slaty-
brown colour. Length of largest specimen 30, diam. 10°5 mm. ;
length of spire above the aperture, 9 mm.
The locality of my specimens is unknown, but there are three
examples in the British Museum, from the ‘ Cuming’ Collection,
which are labelled ‘‘ Pasacao, province of Albay, Island of Luzon,
sandy mud, low water.’ They are a little lighter in colour than my
shells, but in other respects quite similar.
This seems also a fitting opportunity of recording the occurrence of
this species at the Cape Verd Islands, the British Museum having last
year received a series of six specimens collected at that locality by
Mr. R. Murchland.
They are of the normal typical form, but variable in colour. Some
are fawn-colour, with blue-black dottings, as figured by Sowerby in
the Thesaurus Conch., vol. iv, pl. ceexli, fig. 250, and two of them
have a dark-coloured, clearly defined band at the upper part of the
body-whorl, as in fig. 251.
The occurrence of this common East Indian shell so far north in
the Atlantic is very remarkable, although it has been recorded from
South Africa.
196
ON CHLORITIS HETEROMPHALUS, PILSBRY.
By Prof. Henry A. Pirspry, Sc.D., ete.
Read 8th June, 1906.
In the Manual of Conchology, vol. vi, pl. li, figs. 60-62, a Chloritis
was figured which, by some oversight, was not described in the text,
though the name appeared in the explanation of plates, p. 320. No
other reference to the shell has come to my knowledge, and the species
was apparently forgotten until Mr. G. K. Gude, in a recent letter,
directed my attention to it. A description is offered below, with new
figures, more correct in Baise than those originally published,
Shell planorboid, rather openly umbilicate, the umbilicus contained
about 63 times in the diameter of the shell; yellowish-brown, with
a tinge of flesh-colour, paler and whitish around the umbilicus, and
with a faint pale band along the summit of the last whorl. Sculpture
of indistinct growth-lines, and faint, close, and very fine spiral strie,
more distinct below than above. Spire moderately concave. Whorls
5, convex, at first very slowly widening, then, at the later half of the
penultimate whorl, more rapidly so, the last whorl unusually wide,
rounded peripherally, its last fifth slowly descending to the aperture.
The aperture is very broadly crescentic, and quite oblique. The
peristome is well expanded, the basal margin narrowly reflexed. The
upper and outer margins are more arcuate than the basal, which is
dilated at its insertion. The parietal callus is thin and transparent.
The umbilicus is well-like, contracting slowly within. Alt. 12°7mm.;
greater diam. 26°5, lesser 21°8 mm.
Hab.—New Guinea. Type No. 58,217 A.N.S.P., presented by
Dr. T. B. Wilson ; collector unknown.
A much smaller specimen, with the lip partly broken, is with the
type. It would, if perfect, measure only about 19 mm., yet agrees so
closely with the type that I do not doubt that the two are specifically
identical.
This species evidently belongs to the group of C. circumdata, and is
nearest, | think, to C. Maforensis, Tapp.-Can., which differs by having
a much more narrowly lunate aperture, and a coloration somewhat
different. There can be no doubt that the type of C. heteromphalus is
much faded, yet it certainly was never multifasciate, hke Iuforensis
or micromphalus.
The upper part of the last two whorls, near the suture, is very
weakly plicate radially. The pale band along the upper convexity of
the last whorl is so faint as to be hardly noticeable unless closely
looked for.
iy
ON BURTOA NILOTICA (PFEIFFER) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
ACHATINA, ETC.
By Avexanper REYNELL.
Read 8th June, 1906.
PLATE XVII.
In the early part of last March Mr. KE. A. Smith kindly offered me
the opportunity, which I was pleased to be able to accept, of examining
the anatomy of the above animal, which is, as far as he or I can learn,
unknown.
The specimens, three in number, came from Bumako Island, situated
in the northern part of the Victoria Nyanza, west of Entebbe, which
is on the north coast. They were preserved in alcohol, in very good
condition, but unfortunately two of them, owing to the quantity of
eggs they contained, could not be extracted entire. The third one,
received later, was fortunately extracted by Mr. Smith almost entire,
and contained no eggs. The general anatomy bears a very strong
resemblance to that of Achatina, but it seems very possible that the
functional condition of the organs must have some effect on their
apparent shape and position to a greater or lesser extent. T'oo much
attention should not be paid to the shape of such parts as the
spermatheca, oviduct, etc., for comparative purposes, unless one
has the supposed different genera and species in more or less identical
functional condition.
Externally, the visible soft parts of Burtoa, in the contracted
condition as I had them, are similar to Achatina. The animal con-
tracts in the same manner, the foot being folded together longi-
tudinally. The top of the foot is distinctly flattened by the weight
of the shell, more so than in the specimens of Achatina which I have
had the opportunity of examining, viz. Avauss?.
This flattening varies considerably in the three specimens above
mentioned. In one case it is particularly noticeable for a distance of
21mm. from the hinder edge of the collar, the surface rugosities being
very much obliterated ; but whether this area is specialized to the
same extent as has been noticed in Archachatina, mentioned by Pilsbry
(Man. Conch., vol. xvii, p. xii), I am unable to state, not having had
the opportunity of examining any of the species belonging to this
group.
The lung (Fig. 1), as in Achatina, is short, very richly veined on
both sides of the pulmonary vein (Fig. 1, P.V.), which has no large
branches. This veining varies very considerably in different animals,
as 1s apparent from the three I examined. The kidney (Fig. 1, We.)
is a long tongue-shaped organ, having its anterior end rounded, and
being twice the length of the pericardium.
The ureter (Fig. 1, Ur., U.1) takes the usual course as in Achatina,
and is closed throughout practically its whole length; but in the
cloaca, at the point where the rectum opens into it, there is a large
delta-shaped muscular fold on its upper side (Fig. 1 A, IZ F.), which
must direct the discharge from the kidney, on leaving the ureter,
more or less into the grooves (Fig. 1 A, /. 1, F. 11) formed by it and the
walls of the chambers.
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The interior, quite of the last portion of the rectum, is provided with
several longitudinal folds which appear to project from the inner
surface of the lining at this point (Fig. 1 A, &.F.).
‘The genital system is simple, without accessory organs, and similar
to Achatina, but the penis (Fig. 2 A, P.) is provided with a true
retractor (Fig. 2, &./.), terminal, and inserted distally on the
diaphragm. ‘The penis is enclosed in a glossy muscular sheath, and
when freed is seen to be rather a slender organ. The vas deferens
(Fig. 2, V.D.) enters through the wall of the sheath, having attached
to it a strong muscular band (Fig. 2B, J/.B.), the other end of which
is fixed to the base of the penis. This muscular band appears to be,
though contained by the sheath, practically free from it, as far as
attachments are concerned. ‘lhe penis is directed to the left, the
terminal retractor passing over the buccal mass just in front of the
points of entry of the ducts of the salivary glands, its distal end being
inserted on the very front edge of the floor of the lung-chamber, close
to its junction with the mantle, at a point about in line with the left
tentacle, thus conforming to Limicolaria Vanatte and Cochlitoma
Crawfordi, in the terminal penis retractor being inserted on the lung-
floor, and mentioned by Pilsbry (Man. Conch, vol. xvil, p. vii),
though no mention is made of the position of insertion in the area of
the floor. After leaving the muscular sheath enveloping the penis,
the vas deferens is free till it joims the prostate gland (Fig. 2 C, Pr.)
at the base of the uterus (Fig. 2C, U¢.). The male portion of the
generative canal runs as a separate tube, enveloped by the membrane
of the uterus.
The vagina (Fig. 2 C, Vg.) is short and stout, 10-15 mm. in length in
the different specimens examined, somewhat swollen at the point of
insertion of the spermatheca-duct, which is about 15 mm. in length.
The spermatheca itself varied very considerably in shape in the
specimens containing eggs, compared with the specimen that did not.
In the former case it appeared as a more or less roughly triangular, or
pear-shaped, somewhat flattened sac, with the duct inserted at one
side, some distance from the base (Fig. 2C, Sp.), whereas, in the
non-pregnant or but recently pregnant animal, this organ might be
called almost fusiform, the duct, it is true, being inserted a little to
the side (Fig. 2D), the only sign of a possible capability for swelling
at the base being seen in some slight corrugations on the lower part
just above the point of insertion of the duct. The organ was about
the same length as its duct, viz. 15mm. The free oviduct (Fig. 2 C,
F.0d.) is about the same length as the duct of the spermatheca.
The oviduct proper is of the usual form in the specimen in
which no eggs were contained; in the other two cases it was much
distended, with almost transparent walls. The eggs, all of which
were contained in a calcareous shell, varied in size from 4mm. in
length and 2°75 mm. in breadth to 8:5 mm. in length and 6°65 mm. in
breadth. There were no free embryos. From the two specimens
I counted 154 eggs. The albuminiparous gland (Fig. 2 A, A. G7.) is
very similar to that usually found among most of the groups of
pulmonates, as far as I know. The duct of the ovotestis, which is
REYNELL: ON BURTOA NILOTICA. 199
provided with a cecum (Fig. 2 A, Ce.) close to its junction with the
albuminiparous gland, has the common folding, the ovotestis itself
(Fig. 2 A, O¢.) being made up of six or more lobes of varying sizes,
and more or less free from one another, and distinct. This gland is
easily visible on account of its dark purple-black colour. Both the
gland and its duct are enveloped in connective tissue, quite free from
the liver, and in consequence there is no difficulty in their isolation.
But little could be made of the embryos contained in the shells,
many of the largest of which I examined in the hope of finding some
in a fairly advanced state, but in each case the podocyst enveloped
practically the whole. In the more advanced specimens the first coils,
amounting to from a turn to a turn and a half, were distinct, owing to
their being covered with a very thin, pale-green chitinous shell,
situated at the apex. In some other cases the first coils were devoid
of visible covering, though well formed and situated some distance
below the apex, and protruding through the enveloping podocyst.
Just under the shell, and exterior to it, are two papilla which may be
the rudiments of tentacles. Under these, again, is a distinct transverse
slit, a possible oral opening.. The action of the spirit had caused the
embryos to become quite opaque and very brittle, thus adding to the
difficulty of examination.
Jaw (Fig. 3A) more compressed laterally and not so arcuate as in
Achatina, with three or four coarse ribs in the centre, more or less
finely striated vertically over the rest of the surface.
Radula (Fig. 3B) having about 62—1—62 teeth in a row in the
widest part. Centrals narrow (Fig. 3 C), without cusps; laterals
1-34 (Figs. 3C and D) on each side, tricuspid, at first distinctly, the
entocone gradually becoming reduced till the 384th tooth is
reached, after which it ceases to exist as a cusp in most rows, but in
some it disappears somewhat earlier. The last 25 teeth in the row
degenerate very rapidly, both the mesocone and ectocone becoming
smaller and smaller till the margins are reached. The mesocones
overlap the bases of the teeth in front of them, but this does not apply
to about the 25 outermost teeth on each side.
Remarks.— Without taking into account the shell characters, the
anatomy of Burtoa Nilotica shows its undoubted alliance with the
Achatinine, as might be expected from its geographical range. It
agrees with Archachatina, Cochlitoma, Achatina, Limicolaria, and
A topocochlis in the median teeth of the radula being narrow, and with
Cochlitoma, Achatina, and Atopocochlis in the laterals being more or less
tricuspid, though in Cochhiioma Crawfordi, examined by H. A. Pilsbry,
the inner pair of laterals had entocones without well-developed cutting-
points.
The jaw seems to vary too much in all the genera that have been
examined to form much basis for classification at the present time.
The most important peculiarity is, without doubt, the point of
insertion of the penis retractor. Lémicolaria is nearest in agreement
in this, but I have not been able to find the actual place of
insertion in the lung-floor mentioned in any of the works consulted.
In Cochlitoma Crawfordi Pilsbry found the penis retractor attached
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
distally to the diaphragm near its right border. In all the other
Achatinine examined the penis retractor seems to be a branch of the
right ocular retractor.
The following genera, Pseudachatina, Columna, Metachatina, and
Perideriopsis, are, according to Pilsbry, still unknown anatomically,
as is also Callistopepla, with the exception of the radula, which was
worked out by Adolf d’Ailly (Moll. terr. et d’eau douce de Kameroun).
In the present state of our knowledge the genus Burtoa, as
exemplified by Mlotica, seems to fit in very nicely where it is,
between Achatina and Limicolaria
In concluding, I must offer my thanks to Mr. E. A. Smith,
Mr. E. R. Sykes, and Mr. R. H. Burne for kindly assistance with
literature and advice.
REFERENCES.
D. de Férussac et G. P. Deshayes: Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particuliére des
Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles, etc., Paris, 1820-51.
M. J. R. Bourguignat: Mollusques de l’Atrique E’quatorial de Moquedouchou, etc.,
Paris, 1889.
H. A. Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology, vols. xvi and xvii, October 6th, 1903 -
June, 1905.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
Fria. 1.—General view of pallial organs with the pericardium laid open.
,, 1A.—Cloaca and lower portions of the rectum and ureter of another specimen
laid open to show their relative positions. Also the thick muscular
fold and furrows leading to ureter.
5, 2.—General view of the genital system with the organs in their natural position.
The final portion of the albuminiparous gland was missing, and is
approximately shown by dotted lines. The ovotestis and its duct were
missing, but the cecum is there.
,, 2A.—Albuminiparous gland with the ovotestis and its duct and caecum from an
unimpregnated or recently impregnated animal.
,, 2B.—Penis divested of the muscular sheath, showing muscle attached to
vas deferens.
», 2C.—Lower portion of the reproductory system of another impregnated animal,
laid out.
,, 2D.—Spermatheca from an unimpregnated or recently impregnated animal.
» o&A.—Jaw.
», & B.—Radula.
,, 3C.—Median and first lateral teeth of radula.
5, 3 D.—Two lateral teeth from half-way between centre and margin of radula.
A. Anus. iPeeReniss
A.Gl. Albuminiparous gland. Pr. Prostate.
Ce. Czecum. P.V. Pulmonary vein.
F.1, F.11. Grooves leaving ureter in Re. Rectum.
the cloaca. R.F. Longitudinal folds on inner surface
F.Od. Free oviduct. of rectum close to the vent.
H. Heart. R.M. Penis retractor.
M.B. Muscular band. Sp. Spermatheca.
M.F. Muscular fold in cloaca. Sp.D. Spermatheca duct.
M.S. Muscular sheath of penis. Ors (Ur 0 Urtls ai reten.
Ne. Kidney. Ut. Uterus.
Ot. Ovotestis. V.D. Vas deferens.
Ot.D. Duct of ovotestis. Vg. Vagina.
voc. MaLac. Soc. Vol. VI. Pl XVI.
1, del ad nat.
London Stereoscopic Co. imp
SE OMY (OF SBURTOA NILOTICA.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 201
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 91H Novemser, 1906.
E. R. Sykes, B.A., President, in the Chair.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘Description of a new species of Calliostoma from South
Formosa.”” By E. A. Smith, I.8.0.
2. ‘Description of a new subgenus and species of Alyceus from
Ke-lan-tan.”” By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.
3. ‘* Descriptions of six new species of shells and of Zeptomya lintea,
Hutton, from New Zealand.” By Henry Suter.
4. ‘Descriptions of some Tertiary Shells from New Zealand.”
By Henry Suter.
Mr. E. A. Smith exhibited specimens of Paludestrina from water-
pipes in South London, also fresh specimens of Paludestrina similis
from Oulton Broad.
Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill exhibited a new species of Zatcrus and a shell
doubtfully referable to the genus A/aba.
Mr. B. B. Woodward exhibited local varieties of Acavus phenix
from Ceylon.
Mr. F. G. Bridgman exhibited specimens of Oliva and Olivella,
including a dark variety of O. elegans, and examples of O. truncata,
O. violacea, and O. Caribbeensis.
Mr. A. 8S. Kennard (on behalf of Mr. R. Standen) exhibited some
heavy shells of Helix nemoralis and H. aspersa from Dog’s Bay,
Galway.
Mr. E. R. Sykes exhibited a photographic facsimile of Renier’s
‘*Tavola alfabetica delle Conchiglie Adriatiche,”’ etc., 1807.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 14TH DecemBer, 1906.
E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Miss A. Collins, Mr. T. Iredale, and Mr. Hans Schlesch were
elected members of the Society.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘ Description of a new species of Laturus.”” By J. Cosmo Melvill,
MeADS EES:
2. “On the Anatomy of Zugelus gibbus and T. divisus.” By H. H.
Bloomer.
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 14
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
3. ‘Descriptions of two new species of Helicoid Land Shells from
German New Guinea.” By J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S.
Mr. H. B. Preston.(on behalf of Mr. E. A. Smith) exhibited a
specimen of Fistulana mumia perforating a valve of Vosinia; also an
abnormal specimen of /istulana, showing a peculiar reparation of
injury.
x E. R. Sykes exhibited some living specimens of Helix Evan-
daleiana, Pfr., sent from Clare, South Australia, by Mr. Matthews.
He also showed a segment of a card catalogue of the generic names of
Mollusca.
Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited a specimen of Ephippodonta McDougalli.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, llta January, 1907.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.
Dr. Henry Woodward and Mr. H. B. Preston were appointed
auditors for the accounts of the previous year.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘‘ Descriptions of seven new species of Achatina from the Congo
Free State.” By 8. I. Da Costa.
2. ‘Further contributions to our knowledge of the genus Chloritis,
with descriptions of eleven new species.”” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.
3. ‘* Description of a new species of Papuina, and illustrations of
some hitherto unfigured shells.” By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.
4. “Descriptions of new non-marine Shells from New Zealand.”
By Henry Suter.
Mr. A. 8. Kennard exhibited an extremely small adult specimen of
Helix nemoralis from county Donegal, and examples of ZH. hortensis
from Cattle Island, Mass. This species is apparently the only repre-
sentative of the genus indigenous in America.
Mr. A. Reynell exhibited a specimen of Zima excavata dredged in
444 fathoms inthe Bay of Biscay, and specimens of Lotoriwm giganteum
dredged in 240 fathoms.
Mr. R. H. Burne (on behalf of Professor C. Stewart, F.R.S.)
exhibited a model of part of the sepiostaire of Sepia officinalis, showing
the structure of the ‘ float.’
NOTES. 203
NrOMTsKGss
Nore on FrstuLANA MUMIA PERFORATING A VALVE OF A DOSINIA.
(Read 14th December, 1906.)—In the fifth volume of these “ Proceedings ”
(p. 345) Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton gave a brief notice of a specimen of
this species, which was shown to have bored its way though a Mitra.
Another instance of the perforating power of the Fstulana has for many
years been in the British Museum. A small valve of a species of Dosinia,
15mm. in length, has been bored through by a Fistulana (Fig. 1), and is firmly
attached to the tube about three-quarters of an inch from the posterior
end. The specimen was purchased at the sale of Captain Belcher’s
collection in 1851. No locality accompanies it, but it was probably
obtained somewhere in the China Sea, where he collected so largely. The
Dosinia may be the young of D. excisa, Chemn., as it has the very large
superficial lunule so characteristic of that species.
A curious reparation of a tube after being broken is shown in Fig. 2.
The specimen, now in the Museum, came from Singapore, and formed part
of the collection of the late Surgeon-Colonel Samuel Archer.
K. A. SMITH.
Norse on Panvpestrina Jenxinst. (Read 9th November, 1906.)—
The British Museum received from Mr. H. F. Fermor last October about
200 specimens of this species which had been taken from water-pipes in
South London. They seemed, at first, so unlike the typical form of the
species that I was inclined to regard them specifically distinct. On
comparing them, however, with specimens from the North of Ireland,
received from Mr. R. Welch, certain individuals were met with which
appeared to link these shells with P. Jenkins? The specimens were found in
a 4inch main in Grummant Road, Peckham, a district of South London.
These pipes have been laid down between thirty and forty years, but we
do not know how long the shells have existed in them or how they got
into such a position. The water is drawn from the Thames at Hampton,
and there passed through the sand filter-beds, thence is conveyed to
the Nunhead reservoirs, and then pumped into the service-mains. The
service is on the continuous supply system, so that the pressure in the
pipes would be about 40 pounds to the inch. There would probably not
be a great flow of water through this particular main, as it was closed at
204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
one end of the street, and connected at the other with a 12 inch main in
Peckham Road. No specimens have been observed in the latter or any
other pipes, which is very curious.
All the specimens, without exception, are in perfectly clean condition,
showing that there was very little mineral or vegetable deposit in the
water, although evidently sufficient vegetable matter upon the pipes for
the animals to feed upon.
The species is viviparous, according to Mr. Charles Oldham, who
collected many specimens in Cheshire containing “large numbers of fry
ready for exclusion” (Journ. of Conch., vol. x, p. 42), and Messrs. Jackson
and Taylor also observe that the acute-spired species of this genus are
viviparous (op. cit., vol. xi, p.11). It therefore becomes quite certain that
the species was not introduced into the pipes in the ova-state, but that
either young or more adult shells had by some means found an entrance.
It is well known that the species apparently increases at an enormous
rate, for localities have been described as ‘“‘ taken over” by it in myriads
where the previous year not one was seen (Stubbs, op. cit., vol. x, p. 284).
It is therefore quite probable that the species has not long existed in this
subterranean locality.
These shells differ from typical specimens in being more graceful
and slender, and in having the spire longer and the aperture smaller.
Length 4:5, diameter 2°25mm.; length of a typical specimen 5mm.,
diameter 3mm. A small variety of the species was observed by Mr. A.
Mayfield last Autumn in Oulton Broad, Suffolk, “in countless thousands.”
Specimens kindly presented by him to the British Museum measure only
about 3°75 mm. in lepgth and 2 in breadth.
Some specimens similar to those from the water-pipes were sent in 1905
to the Museum by the London Hydraulic Power Company, having been
found in an open tank upon the top of a building in Blomfield Street, E.C.
Some shorter examples, much coated with a rusty deposit, were submitted
by the same company. These occurred in a high-pressure water-meter at
Middleton’s Wharf, Wapping. All the specimens received were dead shells.
E, A. SMITH.
GLESSULA PARABILIS (Benson),
Achatina parabilis, Benson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1856, vol. xviii, p. 96.
Glessula fusca, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 15, pl. iv, figs. 10, 10a.
Hab,—Ceylon.
This species was accidentally omitted from my paper in the last part
of the “ Proceedings.” Its position in the series is between Nos. 26 and 27
on p. 165.
R. H. BEDDOME.
205
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CALLIOSTOMA FROM
SOUTH FORMOSA.
By Epnear A. Samira, I.8.0.
Read 9th November, 1906.
CaLLIOStOMA FORMOSENSIS.
Testa elate et acute conica, ad peripheriam acute angulata,
seriebus pluribus granulorum spiralibus (duobus supra suturam
ceeteris majoribus) ornata, alba, rufo maculata; spira alta, fere
concave conica; anfractus circiter 9 plani, ultimus infra planiusculus,
concentrice tenuiter granulato - liratus, circa regionem umbilicalem
impressam callo albo marginatus; apertura rhomboidalis ; columella
incrassata, albo-margaritacea, obliqua; labrum tenue, intus tenuiter
sulcatum. Diam. maj. 42, min. 35mm.; alt. 35 mm.
A very beautiful species, well characterized by the style of
sculpture, its form, and coloration. It does not compare at all
closely with any other species. ‘The series of granules on the body-
whorl above the periphery are alternately larger and smaller, the
latter upon the preceding whorl becoming merely fine lire without
granulation. There are about ten rows upon the last whorl besides
the two more prominent rows at the periphery which form a con-
spicuous belt above the suture. This is marked with reddish blotches
which are rather equidistant, and the rest of the surface of the spire
is also more faintly staimed with red, but chiefly upon the rows of
granules, and not in the interstices. The blotches upon the periphery
are also visible on the underside of the whorl, which is whitish,
excepting some of the series of granules around the central part, which
are reddish. These are farther apart and more coarsely granose than
those towards the circumference. Altogether there are about twenty
rows. There is a faint umbilical depression bordered by a thickish
white ridge. The outer lip is thin, oblique above, and shallowly
sinuated at the base. The lines of growth are more conspicuous upon
the base than upon the spire.
206
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBGENUS AND SPECIES OF ALYCZUS
FROM KE-LAN-TAN.
By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.
Read 9th November, 1906.
Amone a number of shells from Ke-lan-tan which recently came
into my possession there was included a species which I at first
thought belonged to the genus Alyceus, but, upon careful examination
of the operculum, I found that it bore characters totally different from
those of the hitherto described typical species of that genus, and which
appeared to make it quite worthy of subgeneric rank. I therefore
now propose the new subgeneric name Pincerna for the shell in
question, and venture to describe it as below.
PINcERNA, nov. subgen.
Shell Alycziform ; operculum horny, convex below, concave above,
bearing in the centre of the upper surface a hollow protuberance in
the form of a circular cup, the margin of which is slightly reflexed
outwards.
PINCERNA LIRATULA, 0.Sp.
Shell conical, pale yellowish horn colour; whorls 43, convex; the
first whorl and a half smooth, the remaining whorls sculptured with
fine spiral lire, and somewhat coarse transverse ribs which are much
more numerous and closely set on the body-whorl; last whorl
constricted about two and a half millimeters from the aperture and
destitute of transverse ribs in the constricted area; suture deeply
impressed ; aperture circular; peristome continuous, double, and
reflexed outwards ; umbilicus narrow and deep, partly concealed by the
reflexed peristome, which, owing to a notch or depression at this point,
is expanded outwards and downwards; operculum horny, convex
below, concave above, bearing in the centre of the upper surface
a hollow cup-shaped protuberance, the margin of which is slightly
reflexed outwards. Alt. 5°5mm.; diam. maj. 4°5 mm.; aperture,
diam. 2mm.
Hab.—Ke-lan-tan.
207
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME TERTIARY SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND.
By Henry Suter.
Read 9th November, 1906.
PLATE XVIII.
A Few years back a number of fossil shells were kindly given me for
description by Professor James Park, F.G.S., Director of the School of
Mines, Dunedin, and the following is the result of my investigations,
most kindly assisted by Dr. W. H. Dall, of Washington.
Lapparta Part, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 1, 2.
Shell fusiform, with large caricelloid protoconch, costate lower
whorls, and 5 oblique plaits on the pillar. Sculpture: one of the
specimens shows distinct marks of spiral striation on the last whorl of
the protoconch, but on the succeeding whorls hardly a trace of it is
visible. The axial sculpture consists of sharp, slightly flexuous ribs,
14 on the fifth whorl, extending over the whole height of the whorls ;
interstices with numerous, close, feebly marked incremental lines.
Spire conical, a little shorter than the aperture. Protoconch consisting
of 23 to 8 whorls with impressed suture, the apex lateral, raised, and
pointed; the first two whorls convex, slightly higher than the last
whorl, which is also less rounded. Whorls slightly straightened
below the suture, thence flatly convex. Suture superficial, undulated
by the axial costation. Aperture long and narrow, margins subparallel,
Columella nearly straight, slightly concave at the base, with 5 sub-
equidistant oblique and slender plaits. Inner lip spreading as a very
thin callus over the pillar and on to part of the body. Height 23,
breadth 7:5 mm. (immature shell).
Locality.—Lower Gorge of Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand
(Professor J. Park).
Formation. — Labelled ‘“‘Oamaru Series, Oligocene.” However,
since I received the specimens Professor Park has published a paper
on the ‘‘ Marine Tertiaries of Otago and Canterbury,” in which he
estimates the Oamaru Series as belonging to the Miocene."
Type in my collection. All the fossils under consideration I sent
to Dr. W. H. Dall for examination, and he expressed the opinion
that these New Zealand fossils recall the North American Kocene
more than the Oligocene. On this particular species Dr. Dall kindly
wrote to me: ‘I am much interested in your specimen, which, as you
say, recalls the Caricella type of nucleus strikingly. It is, however,
in some respects intermediate between the typical Caricella and the
shell named by Conrad Zapparia, which is closely allied to Caricella.
Both, without a doubt, belong to the group with a membranous
protoconch. I am glad to see it, since it shows the course of
1 Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xxxvii (1905), pp. 508, 550.
208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
evolution was analogous in both hemispheres, while Mr. M. Cossmann
(speaking, I am sure, on insufficient evidence) has claimed that this
was not the case. The fossil is quite immature, but I incline to the
belief that the adult would show a form not very far removed from
Psephea coneinna, Brod.”
The species differs from the typical Lapparia, and partly also from
Caricella, by the almost complete absence of spiral sculpture and the
presence of five columellar plaits, and it therefore becomes questionable
whether it should not form a new subgenus or section of one of the
two genera. I have classed it under Lapparia because I think it shows
more affinities with that genus than with Caricella. Both genera are
recorded from the Eocene and not from newer formations, and it
therefore is open to question whether or not part of the Oamaru Series
should be relegated to the Oligocene period.
An interesting fact was pointed out by the late Captain F. W.
Hutton in his ‘‘ Index Faune Nove-Zealandie”’ (p. 17): Several
genera of marine mollusca appear in the Eocene of Australia, but
did not reach New Zealand until the Miocene and Pliocene periods.
I am not sufficiently well acquainted with the Australian Eocene
Volutide to say whether forms are known which might be considered
the ancestors of our species.
The species is named in honour of Professor James Park, our
distinguished geologist.
Prevrotroma PareroraeEnsis, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 3.
Shell fusiform, thin and fragile, height of aperture less than that of
the spire, upper whorls nodulous, body-whorl finely spirally grooved.
The sculpture consists of small oblique nodules on the upper three
whorls below the nucleus, but faintly indicated on the following
volutions. On the fourth and following whorls shallow, close, spiral
grooves adorn the lower half; on the body-whorl a fine spiral groove
below the suture is present, and from below the sinus-area subequi-
distant, somewhat deeper, spiral grooves occur down to the base.
Spire high, turreted. Protoconch lost. Whorls about 8 to 9, flatly
shouldered, convex below the periphery, body-whorl convex, con-
tracted towards the base. Suture distinct, but shallow. Aperture
oblong, shorter than the spire, produced into a prominent, slightly
flexuous canal, truncated at the base. Outer lp rather sharp and
thin. Columella shghtly sinuous and covered by a thin and narrow
callus. Sinus distinctly marked by growth periods, broadly rounded,
not deep, situate between the suture and periphery. Height about
20-22, breadth 6 mm.
Locality.— White Rock, Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand
(Professor J. Park).
Formation. — Labelled ‘ Oamaru Series, Oligocene.’ Miocene
(Professor J. Park, 1905).
Type in my collection. In outline and sculpture this species stands
nearest to Drillia Buchanani, Hutton, which, however, is a more
solid shell, much more distinctly shouldered, and with the axial costz
persisting on all the whorls.
SUTER: ON TERTIARY SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. 209
Exmia Datu, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 4, 5.
Shell slender, fusiform, longitudinally costate and spirally striate,
with a narrow aperture and long, straight canal. The sculpture
consists of longitudinal, close, oblique, and slightly flexuous ribs,
about 20 on the penultimate whorl; they are rounded and of the
same width as the interstices. Spiral sculpture formed by close-set
narrow grooves, extending over the ribs, and absent over a short
space below the suture from the eighth whorl downwards. Spire
subulate, higher than the aperture. Protoconch small, formed by
two smooth. shining, and rounded whorls. Whorls 10 on the
immature specimen before me, flatly convex, regularly increasing in
size, the body-whorl very little expanded, prolonged into a straight
and long canal. The lower part of this is broken off. Suture
impressed, distinct. Aperture narrow, pyriform. Outer lip, which
is broken off, no doubt slightly flexuous. Columella with a slight
elevation in the middle, two inconspicuous and slender plaits juts
below the suture, which may easily be overlooked. The inner lip
spreading as a thin narrow glaze over the pillar. Height about 20,
breadth 5 mm.
Locality —White Rock, Pareora River, Canterbury, New Zealand
(Professor J. Park).
Formation. — Labelled ‘ Oamaru Series, Oligocene.’? Miocene
(J. Park, 1905).
Type in my collection. Dr. W. H. Dall’s comment on this species
is: ‘‘ Immature shell, related to, if not identical with, my Plcefusus.
We have a recent species, P. rectirostris, Carpenter, very much like
this, though larger; we have in our Eocene a number of species very
similar to your fossil, and for them Conrad proposed the genus Laila
(which does not have plaits on the pillar, as stated by Cossmann).
It is quite possible that the name should be retained, as there are some
characters which seem to divide the Eocene and Oligocene forms from
our similar, but always larger and coarser, Plierfusus of the recent
fauna.”
As stated in the diagnosis, my specimen has two columellar plaits.
However, I must confess that 1 might not have seen them if I had
not especially looked for them in consequence of Cossmann’s statement."
I have much pleasure in uniting Dr. W. H. Dall’s name with the
species as a mark of my deep- felt gratitude for the very liberal and
always most valuable help he has ‘accorded me in my conchological
studies. ‘Those who have access to large collections and extensive
libraries have no idea what such kind help means to a worker in New
Zealand, where a scientist has not these facilities.
Carpium (Tracuycarpium) Warraktense, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 6.
There being only the central part of a right valve in my possession,
the description must, for the present, remain fragmentary.
Shell solid, ventricose, radiately very finely ribbed; the ribs number
1 Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée, livr. iv (1901), p. 26.
210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
about 60, they are flat, smooth, the sulci slightly narrower than the
ribs. A few concentric low ridges are visible on the posterior part of
the shell, forming low nodules on crossing the ribs. This seems to
imply that towards the margin the ribs may have been granulate,
squamose, or spinous. Umbo elevated, incurved, and slightly proso-
gyrate. The hinge-plate is rounded, elevated, and bent over
towards the rather long and straight nympha, forming a deep groove
for the insertion of the ligament. There are two smooth cardinals
reaching as high as the top of the umbo; the posterivr tooth is
stouter, conical, united on the outside with the smaller anterior tooth,
leaving a deep socket between them. Part of a posterior lateral tooth
is present.
The anterior part of the shell is most likely much shorter than
the posterior, and the length of the valve may have been between
40 and 50 mm.
Locality.—W aitaki Valley, North Otago, New Zealand (Professor
J. Park).
ae — Warekuri Greensands. Labelled ‘‘Oamaru Series,
Oligocene.” Miocene (J. Park, 1905).
Type in my collection. Dr. W. H. Dall wrote about this species :
‘“A Cardium, belonging to the section Zrachycardium, and related to
C. gigas, Defr., of the Paris basin Eocene.”
Professor Park also sent me a fragment of a carditoid shell, near
Venericardia, which, however, is quite insufficient for description.
211
DESCRIPTIONS OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS AND OF
LEPTOMYA LINTEA, HUTTON, FROM NEW ZEALAND.
By Henry Souter.
Read 9th November, 1906.
PIRATE XSVIL:
CorngocycLtas AvckLanpica, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 7—7e.
Shell small, inequilateral, oval, and somewhat inflated. Beaks not
prominent, rounded, situate at the posterior third; prodissoconch
smooth, convex, passing without strong demarcation into the adult
valves. Anterior end convex, dorsal margin nearly straight, slightly
descending. Posterior end much shorter, regularly rounded. Basal
margin broadly convex. Sculpture consists of very fine concentric
strie. Colour light yellow; interior slightly whitish. Hinge-plate
narrow. Right valve with paired anterior and posterior laterals, two
cardinals, the anterior slender, broadly V-shaped, the posterior stouter,
elongately triangular, situate partly below and behind the anterior
cardinal. Left valve with single anterior and posterior laterals, two
cardinals, one in front of the other, the antericr tooth stouter, hook-
shaped, and the posterior very slender, directed backwards. Ligament
small, inset. Length 3°5, height 2°75, diam. 2mm. (One of the
largest specimens. )
Hab.—The specimens used as type were collected many years back
by Mr. Musson in a pond at Parnell, Auckland. Other localities are :
Ohaupo (C. Musson); Otaki Gorge (H. B. Preston); Heathcote
Estuary, near Christchurch, in slightly brackish water (H. 8.).
Type in my collection. This species never attains the size of
C. Nove-zelandie. From young specimens of the latter it may be
distinguished by being more inflated and by having the beaks more
posteriorly. From C. *Hodghini it is separated by the somewhat larger
size, the more oval form, and by being more inequilateral.
Most of the specimens have above and behind a ferrugineous coating.
VenericarpiA (Prevromerts) Bortonst, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 8-80.
Shell small, ovate, solid, slightly inequilateral, and with nodulous
radiate ribs. Beaks approximate, but little anterior, high and erect,
prosogyrate, incurved; protoconch very small, pointed and smooth.
Anterior end with the dorsal margin descending and slightly concave,
thence subangularly rounded; posterior end sharply convex, dorsal
margin descending, long, and a little convex, basal margin regularly
and broadly rounded. Lunule subcordate, finely striated. Escutcheon
lanceolate, long and narrow, minutely striate, bounded by a carina.
Sculpture : 14 strong radial beaded ribs with slightly broader
interspaces ; ; numerous concentric ridges, more prominent distally and
on the base. Colour brown, much lighter towards the beaks. Interior
white, porcellanous, margins strongly fluted. Hinge solid, right
valve with a stout seenatiln central cardinal, which is laterally
microscopically striate, anterior and posterior cardinals not well
developed, the anterior lateral tooth is distinct, the posterior very
212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
feeble; left valve with two divergent cardinals, the anterior stouter
and triangular; a large lamelliform and marginal lateral tooth is
present, which is connected above with the posterior cardinal, the
anterior lateral much less distinct, elongated and distant. Ligament
very short. The adductor scars are oval, distinct, the anterior deeper.
Pallial line simple and entire. Length 9, height 8, diam. 4°5 mm.
Hab.—A number of valves were obtained by Captain J. Bollons in
18 fathoms, Port Pegasus, Stewart Island. A few valves were also
gathered by Mr. A. Hamilton when dredging off Otago Heads.
Type in my collection. This species is nearest related to our
V. corbis, Phil., and V. lutea, Hutton. The former is usually much
smaller, shorter and more triangular, with 10 to 11 coste, broader
than the interspaces. JV. dutea is sometimes found twice as large, but
by comparing specimens of the same size it proves to be more oval, the
ribs finer or more numerous, about 16, interspaces narrower than the
ribs, inside brown.
It gives me great pleasure to unite the name of Captain J. Bollons
with the species. It is to his great interest in conchology and his
indefatigable energy that we owe so many interesting discoveries, and
his liberality and readiness in procuring specimens for study are really
inexhaustible.
Tettina (AncuLus) Spencerr, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 9-98.
Shell elongately oval, thin, compressed, rostrate and but slightly
flexuous posteriorly, subequilateral, with fine concentric strie.
Beaks small, approximate, sharply pointed, smooth and shining,
a little anterior. Anterior end regularly rounded, nearly straight
dorsally, with a shght fold from the beaks to a little above the middle.
Posterior end rostrate, with a distinctly raised fold from the beaks
towards the posterior angle, slightly flexed to the right; the dorsal
margin excavate below the hgament, descending straight to the
rostrum, and slightly sinuate below it. Basal margin broadly
rounded, somewhat straightened in the middle. Sculpture consists
of close and fine concentric striz with distinct periods of rest; the
strize are more distinct and slightly raised on both ends, inconspicuous
in the centre. Very faint and distant radiate lines are visible under
a good lens. Epidermis very thin, light yellowish, easily rubbed off.
Colour yellowish-white, darker on and above the posterior fold.
Interior of valves white, porcellanous; margins smooth. Hinge:
right valve with a central triangular and bifid cardinal, a second in
front of it, which is a little smaller and oblique ; close and parallel to
it is a distinct lateral tooth ; a trace of a posterior lateral is mostly
present, situate behind the nympha, the latter being rather short.
Left valve with a posterior, thin and very oblique, and a central,
trigonal, bifid cardinal. The ligament is rather short and high.
Anterior adductor scars oval, posterior scars almost round and larger.
Pallial sinus large, broadly triangular, the highest point near the
middle of the antero-posterior axis, thence descending to within
a short distance of the anterior adductor scar; the ventral part
coalescent with the pallial line, which is parallel to the ventral
SUTER: ON NEW MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND. 213
margin. A radial line passes from the beaks towards the margin
behind the anterior adductor scar, and two posteriorly, all of which,
however, are not very conspicuous. Length 45, height 25,
diameter 10 mm.
Hab.—The species was discovered by Mr. Charles Spencer, of
Auckland, on the beach at Opotiki, east coast of the North Island.
Later on I found it washed up on New Brighton beach, near
Christchurch, dredged it in 6 fathoms in Akaroa harbour, and lately
Captain J. Bollons found specimens washed up after a gale at Hicks
Bay, north-west of East Cape.
Type in my collection. Named, in compliance with the wish of the
late Captain F. W. Hutton, in honour of Mr. C. Spencer, a keen
collector and observer of molluscan life, who also very kindly supplied
a photograph of the species for reproduction.
Leptromya tintEa (Hutton). Pl. XVIII, Figs. 10-10e.
Tellina decussata, Lamk.: Hutton, Cat. Mar. Moll. N. Zeal., 1873,
p. 67, non Lamk.
Tellina lintea, Hutton, l.c., p. 67.
Tellina subovata, Sow.: Hutton, le., p. 67; Journ. de Conch.,
1878, p. 47; Man. N. Zeal. Moll., 1880, p. 144; P.L.S. N.S.
Wales, vol. ix, p. 521, non Sowerby.
Tellina Stranget, Desh.: Hutton, Journ. de Conch., 1878, p. 47;
Man. N. Zeal. Moll., 1880, p. 144; Plioc. Moll. N. Zeal. in
Macleay Mem. Vol., 1893, p. 80; Index Faune Nove Zealandie,
1904, p. 91, non Deshayes.
Tellina retiaria, Hutton: Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xvii, 1885, p. 322.
Hutton’s diagnosis runs as follows :—‘‘ Oval, thin, pellucid, very
finely concentrically and transversely striated ; anterior end rounded,
posterior end longer, sub-angular, scarcely folded; right valve with
two and left valve with one cardinal tooth; lateral teeth obsolete.
White. Height 6; length -82 (=15°5 x 21mm.). Stewart’s
Island.”
The following emendations are here offered :—The shell is more or
less inequilateral, the beaks anterior. Sculpture consists of fine,
subequidistant concentric striz with better marked periods of rest,
sometimes lamellar on the posterior end, where a distinct fold runs
down from the beaks; this concentric sculpture is reticulated by
exceedingly fine and close-set radiate strie. Escutcheon clearly
defined, lanceolate, with oblique sublamellar folds, devoid of radiate
sculpture. Epidermis easily rubbed off, thin and light yellowish.
Colour mostly white, sometimes inconspicuously irregularly con-
centrically banded with darker and lighter yellowish-brown. The
interior is white, porcellanous, the margins smooth. Hinge-plate
narrow and short; the right valve with two simple, slightly
triangular cardinals, the anterior oblique, posteriorly a narrow and
very oblique resilium. Left valve with a stout, bifid or trifid cardinal,
in front of which is sometimes, but not always, a small lateral tooth.
Ligament short, with very slender nymphe. The anterior adductor
scar is oblong, not very distinct, the posterior scar round or oval and
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY.
well impressed. Pallial sinus deep and broad, rounded in front, not
coalescent at the base with the pallial line.
Dimensions.—Auckland specimen: length 14, height 11, diameter
6mm. Elongated specimen from Stewart Island: length 25, height
17, diameter 10 mm.
Hab.—Stewart Island (type). There are also specimens in my
collection from Auckland Harbour; 25 fathoms near Channel Island,
Hauraki Gulf; Manukan Harbour; and Petane Harbour.
Type in the Colonial Museum, Wellington. To the synonyms
mentioned by Hutton in his Pliocene Mollusca Z. decussata has to be
added, as there are specimens of Z. dintea in the Colonial Museum
labelled with Lamarck’s name by Hutton. The specific name
Stanger?, Desh., used for our species up to a few years back, had to
be abandoned since Mr. Hedley kindly told me that Mr. E. A. Smith
in his Marine Mollusca of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes
(p. 627) had reduced 7. Stangert to a synonym of Z. carnicolor,
Hanley. The tracing of the figure of the latter, also sent by
Mr. Hedley, at once convinced me that our lintea is quite a different
species. About two years ago I sent a few specimens of our shell to
Mr. E. A. Smith, of the British Museum, asking him to be good
enough and tell me whether they were the same as “ep. subovata, Sonn %
and IT am indebted to him for the following information :—‘‘ The
bivalve is not a Zellina and quite distinct from 7 Stangert, Desh.,
and subovata, Sow. It has a different dentition and internal ligament
which is not found in Zée//ina. It is near the genus Leptomya,
A. Adams.”
I had full confidence in Hutton’s classification, and had never
closely examined the hinge, or I should have seen that it is not
a Tellina.
The shell is variable in length and colour, but the chief characters
are constant in all specimens I have seen. The yeliowish-brown and
elongate form I know only from Stewart Island; specimens from the
North Island are always white and nearly equilateral. This variability
may no doubt account for the many names adopted for this species,
but a worker in New Zealand may well be excused making a mistake
now and again, for reasons pointed out by me in several places.
Notwithstanding some unavoidable errors, conchologists will agree
with me when I express the opinion that the work done by the ‘Tate
Captain F. W. Hutton was good and accurate. Few men could have
done better under the prevailing circumstances.
Dentatium (EpisipHon) ARENARIUM, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 11.
Shell arcuate, tapering, thin and shining, with a yellowish tinge.
At the apex 10 equidistant rounded longitudinal ribs, which may
increase to 12 or more towards the anterior end; interspaces distinctly
longitudinally grooved, the number of these grooves being 5 to 7, with
minute, fine, somewhat irregular growth-rings. When the aperture
has been damaged the new growth of the shell may show but traces of
the coste, being minutely reticulate. Posterior and anterior section of
shell circular. Apex with a central small tube inserted in the partly
SUTER: ON NEW MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND. 215
closed orifice, with a slight dorsal direction. Length 19 mm.; diam. of
aperture 2°5, diam, of apex ‘°75mm.; tube, length 1, diam. -4 mm.
Hab.—Dredged in 18 fathoms, Port Pegasus, Stewart Island, by
Captain J. Bollons.
Type in my collection. My largest specimen has a length of 28 mm.
This is a very interesting addition to the fauna of New Zealand.
A species belonging to the same subgenus (D. virgula) was described
by Hedley in 1903, 1 the specimens being obtained in 41 to 75 fathoms
off the coast of New South Wales.
D. arenariwm is, as far as I can ascertain, the first species of the
subgenus known to possess well-pronounced longitudinal ribs. The
little apical tube is present in all the eight specimens collected.
Mopatia austRALis, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Figs. 12-12a.
Shell very small, elongately oval, with a blackish leathery girdle
and sutural tufts. Anterior valve with 8 slits, teeth smooth.
Intermediate valves with a rounded central posterior projection,
insertion plates with one slit. Posterior valve depressed, with an
oblique slit on each side and bisinuate in the middle behind. Girdle
narrow, leathery, slightly broader on the sides, with a few sutural
spicules. Colour probably ash-grey with a few longitudinal brown
stripes on the jugum; inside bluish grey with a posterior brown
margin. On the intermediate valves the tegmentum forms a narrow
band by passing beyond the articulamentum. Sinus broad and slightly
pectinate, the sutural plates narrowly rounded. The valve callus is
quite distinct. Length 9, breadth 5:5 mm.; divergence 120°.
I am indebted to Captain J. Bollons for two specimens he
collected at the Snares Islands (south of Stewart Island).
Type in my collection. Both examples are so much corroded that
it is impossible to recognize the sculpture. The side-slits of the
posterior valve leave no doubt about its generic position. This species
is, as far as I know, the first of the genus recorded from the southern
hemisphere.
Evserra VENusTA, n.sp. Pl. XVIII, Fig. 13.
Shell large, globose, white, imperforate, with two low spiral ribs
round the umbilical region. Sculpture consists of close, unequal,
slightly wavy lines, which are crossed by subequidistant fine growth-
lines, interspersed with distant strong and flexuous radial folds, very
likely marking periods of rest. Colour light bluish white, porcellanous,
Spire conoidal, about one-fourth the height of the shell. Protoconch
depressedly globose, formed by 23 smooth and convex whorls. Whorls
53, first slowly, then rapidly increasing, convex, the last whorl very
large and rounded, base convex; two low and broadly rounded ribs
encircling the umbilical region, the outer rib beginning at the lower
third of the penultimate whorl and terminating at the junction of the
outer with the basal lip. Suture not deep, on the last 1} whorls with
a milk-white broad inferior band. Mouth large, broadly ovate below,
1 Mem. Austral. Mus., vol. iv, p. 328.
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
much excavated above by the penultimate whorl. Outer lip broadly
rounded, thin and sharp, inner ae spreading as a thin and broad callus
over the body-whorl, but forming a thick, white, and shining callus on
the concave columella. Basal lip narrowly rounded, not “produced.
The columellar border is regularly S-shaped. Height 40, diam. 37 mm.
Hab.—This unique specimen was found by a fisherman near Cape
Farewell, and came into Captain J. Bollons’ possession. He most
kindly presented it to me.
Type in my collection. This shell shows a peculiarity which I do not
remember ever having seen in any other shell. Looking up from the
base, there is visible inside the columellar border a perforation right up
to the apex of the shell, having a diameter of about 3mm. at the base ; :
the columella does not form a vertical solid pillar, but is wound up in
a spiral, leaving a free space in the centre. I use the generic name
Euspira, Desor & Agassiz, 1837, as proposed by Harris in his
Cat. Tert. Moll. Brit. Mus., pt. i, p. 264.
This species is very nearly allied to the Pliocene shell Scgaretus (?)
Drew, Murdoch,' and has almost the same size, but is distinguished
from it by being more globose, the periphery not flattened, the
columella more concave, and the presence of two umbilical ridges.
The Rev. Mr. Webster first announced the occurrence of the genus
as recent in New Zealand waters by enumerating amongst shells to be
added to the fauna lst Scgaretus undulatus, Hutton, from Cape Maria
van Diemen.* I have not seen his specimen, but it seems to be very
different from the species now described. It is a highly interesting
fact that New Zealand has two species still living, while the only
other known recent species, /. fluctuata, Sow., inhabits the Philippines.
As my specimen is an empty shell, we remain for the present in
ignorance with regard to operculum and animal.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.
Fie. 1. Lapparia Parki, usp. x 2.
55 2. a Back view of protoconch, magnified.
ae 3. rapt otoma Pareoraensis, n.sp. x 2.
‘9 4, Exilia Dal, n.sp. x 3.
A 5; ~ 45 Protoconch, magnified.
6. Cardium Waitakiense, n.sp. Hinge. Nat. size.
Fics. 7, 7a. Corneoeyclas Aucklandica, u.sp. Shell, magnified.
- 7b, Te. re * Cardinals of valves.
» 8, 8a. Venericardia Bollonsi, n.sp. Shell, magnified.
Fic. 82. of Interior of right valve.
Ab 9. Tellina Spenceri, n.sp. Shell. Nat. size.
5» 94, 9d. 13 Interior of right valve.
yO: Leptomya lintea, Hutton. Shell, magnified.
5 Og: - “ An Elongated form, nat. size.
son VLOD: ne ‘, a Interior of left valve.
ae ele: 3 Fe Hinges of the two valves.
11. Dentalium arenarium, n.sp. Magnified.
12. Mopalia australis, n.sp. Much magnified.
12a: es Valves, much magnified.
Soe callBtc Euspira venusta, D.Sp. Nat. size.
1 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. iii, p. 320.
2 Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., vol. xxxvii, p. 281.
Roc. .Martac. Soc. VoLVII. PL. XVIII.
Sear ai
FA
ag
e
%
Se
19 min We
J.Greer lith.
H. Suter del.
MOLLUSCA, FOSSIL & RECENT, FROM NEW ZEALAND.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF LATIRUS.
By James Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.
Read 14th December, 1906.
Larirus (PrristerNtA) SOWERBYI, n.sp.
L. testa mediocri, fusiformi, utrinque attenuata, solida, anfractibus 7,
apice parvo, levi, ceteris ad suturas paullum impressis, quatuor
supernis (apicali excluso) gradatim multum attenuantibus, ultimo
ceteris exsuperante, apud basim attenuante, undique costis crassi-
usculis decoratis, nigro-brunneis vel (in uno specimine) castaneis,
spiraliter crassiliratis, liris irregulariter hic illic nitide albopustulatis,
presertim prope basim, apertura lactea vel violascente, pyriformi,
subtus elongata, canali producto, columella nitida, obscure triplicata.
Long. 19, lat. 8 mm.
Hab.—Galapagos Isles (?).
A remarkable little Perzsternia, much attenuate at either extremity.
The thickened, dark or chestnut-coloured longitudinal ribs, and white
shining scattered pustules, more gregarious near the base of the body-
whorl, are likewise characteristic, as is the pyriform aperture, much
narrowed basally, the canal being somewhat prolonged. Four
examples, supposed to be from the Galapagos Islands, but a slight
element of uncertainty exists as to this. JI am much indebted to
Mr. G. B. Sowerby for handing me this interesting species with a view
to description, and it gives me pleasure to connect his name with it.
The type has been placed in the British Museum (Natural History).
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 16
218
ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS GIBBUS AND T. DIVISUS.
By H. H. Broomer.
Read 14th December, 1906.
PLATE XIX.
I pestre first of all to thank Professor W. H. Dall, of the United
States National Museum, for so kindly allowing me to examine the
following specimens :—
TacELus Gipsus (Spengler).
External Characters.—The animal measures from the anterior side
of the anterior adductor muscle to the posterior side of the posterior
adductor muscle 48mm. and is 19mm. deep. It curves a little
dorsally along the dorsal surface, and laterally is slightly constricted.
Separately the mantle-lobes (Fig. 1, JZ.) project a little dorso-
anteriorly from the anterior adductor muscle, and passing around the
mantle edges it is observed that they are curved anteriorly, and there
is no concrescence of the apposed surfaces until a position directly
ventral to the posterior adductor muscle is reached, which also marks
the great extent of the pedal aperture. Between this point of
concrescence and the posterior adductor muscle the mantle edges are
not again concresced. At the junction of the mantle-lobes, ventrally
to the posterior adductor muscle, is the musculus cruciformis (Fig. 1,
I.C.), the terminations of which are on each side, situated equally,
though some distance, apart. The proximal portion of the siphon
(Fig. 1, #v.S. and Jn.S.) commences close to the posterior adductor
muscle, but soon takes a deep bend inwardly, so that the central part
les ventrally to the retractor pedis posterior muscle. It then
returns and ends above the musculus cruciformis. Along the antero-
lateral margin the siphon is coalesced with the inside walls of the
mantle-lobes, thereby completely enclosing the posterior part of the
pallial cavity, with the exception of the siphonal apertures. The
mantle-lobes extend a considerable distance posterior to their fusion
with the proximal portion of the siphon, and are capable of enveloping
the greater part of the free siphonal tubes (Fig. 1, P.Z.P.). The
latter are long and separate, the exhalent (Fig. 1, Zv.S’.) being longer
than the inhalent one (Fig. 1, Zv.S’.). They have thick walls and
are very muscular. Internally they are ribbed longitudinally and
transversely, the transverse ribbings being very close together. The
retractor siphonal muscles (Fig. 1, S.2.J/.) are short and thick, and
soon spread out into an oblong-ovate-shaped body, and from a large
surface adhere to the valves of the shell.
When contrasted with Zagelus rufus! it will be observed that in
1 «The Anatomy of Pharella orientalis, Dunker, and Tagelus rufus, Spengler” :
Journ. Malac., vol. x (1903), p. 114.
BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 219
Tagelus gibbus the mantle-lobes are much more muscular, while those
portions of them posterior to the posterior adductor muscle are not so
deep; the free siphonal tubes, though larger and more muscular, are
shorter, and the central part of the proximal portion of the siphon is
situated more posteriorly ; the posterior part of the anterior adductor
muscle is comparatively larger, but both portions of the muscle
are of the same depth. In 7. rufus the anterior is deeper than the
posterior part, but the division by the ventral integument passing
between the two parts is not so marked; the posterior adductor muscle
is smaller; the foot is more muscular; the free portion of the pedis
retractor posterior muscle is shorter and thicker, and the distal ends
of its bifurcations rest on the antero-dorsal surface of the posterior
adductor muscle instead of being united with the anterior side as they
are in 7. rufus.
Compared with Solecurtus Dombeyi (Lam.),' it will be seen that in
T. gibbus the mantle-lobes, anterior to the siphon, are about as
muscular, whilst the proximal portion of the siphon is not nearly so
muscular, and the free portions of it do not appear to possess the
power of inversion like those of S. Dombeyi; the depth of the anterior
adductor muscle is not so great, nevertheless the posterior portion is
larger; the foot is not nearly as large or as muscular; the free portion
of the pedis retractor posterior muscle is much longer, and the posterior
part of the animal is also much longer,
It will thus be inferred from the foregoing that 7. gibbus possesses
some of the characters of both Z. rufus and of S. Dombeyi, but
anatomically lies nearer the latter than the former species.
Pallial Muscles.—The muscles of the pallial edge commence at the
anterior adductor muscle as a deep band and gradually diminish in
depth as they proceed posteriorly.
The anterior adductor muscle (Fig. 1, 4.4.) is a muscle of even
depth, being about three times as long as deep, with the anterior part
slightly curved ventrally. The smaller posterior part is separated
from the anterior by the ventral muscular integument passing between
them. The muscle is connected anteriorly with the mantle-lobes, and
posteriorly with the body-covering and retractor pedis anterior muscles.
The posterior adductor muscle (Fig. 1, P.A.) is an ovate-shaped
muscle connected anteriorly with the body-covering and the bifurcated
ends of the retractor pedis posterior muscle, and posteriorly with
proximal portions of the siphon and mantle-lobes.
The musculus cruciformis (Fig. 1, J£C.), as before stated, is
situated ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle. The united
portion is thick and short, with the four distal ends of nearly
equal length.
The branchial retractor muscles are present, but less prominent and
not so well developed as those of Solecurtus strigillatus.
Pedal Muscles.— The foot (Fig. 1, #.) is deep, short, and very
muscular. The general appearance shows it to consist of numerous
1 «On the Anatomy of certain Species of Solenide ’’: op. cit., vol. xii (1905), p. 78.
220 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
bundles of longitudinal muscles with a large number of transverse
ones, the whole encased in a muscular integument.
The retractor pedis anterior muscle is not very long or bifurcated,
and on reaching the proximal portion of the foot its fibres run chiefly
posteriorly and internally to the longitudinal muscles.
The retractor pedis posterior muscle is very long, and the distal ends
of the bifurcated portions rest on the antero-dorsal surface of the
posterior adductor muscle.
The protractor pedis muscles are very short, and lie close to the
retractor pedis anterior muscles.
There is some slight indication of the presence of weakly developed
elevator pedis muscles.
Alimentary Canal.— The wide mouth (Figs. 2 and 3, JL) points
anteriorly with the lips (Figs. 2 and 3, 4.Z. and P.Z.), projecting
forwards. The cesophagus (Figs. 2 and 8, Oe.) is very short, and
quickly opens into the stomach. The stomach is comparatively large,
the posterior being larger than the anterior portion. The division of
it into distinct parts is well defined on the left side, but on the right
side is only traceable with difficulty. On the left side, the cesophageal
division (Fig. 2, Oe.St.) is small, and separated from the central
(Fig. 2, C.D.) and cardiac (Fig. 2, C.St.) divisions by muscular ridges.
Posterior to the cesophageal division lies the central division, and above
the central division is the cardiac division, the latter being very small.
The dorsal ridge of the central division is developed into a muscular
papilla, the continuation of it extending nearly across the stomach
(Figs. 2 and 3, IZP.). From the dorsal side of the papilla runs
another muscular ridge separating the cardiac from the posterior
division. The pyloric division (Figs. 2 and 3, P.St.) occupies the
remaining, and larger, portion of the stomach. Where the cecum of
the crystalline style (Figs. 1, 2, and 3, €.C.) leaves the pyloric
division on its ventral side it is very large, but soon tapers to
a diminished size, and then passes with a curve to the dorsal part of
the pedal cavity about the centre of the foot. At the junction of the
cecum of the crystalline style and the stomach is a raised muscular
ridge. The crystalline style itself extends all along the cecum and
the centre of the stomach to the anterior part. The intestinal wall
(Fig. 3, Jn.) is fused with that of the cecum of the crystalline style,
and appears as a groove on the right side of the latter, but near the
distil end of the caecum is quite entire (Fig. 1, Zn.). The intestine
afterwards returns along the right lateral side of the cecum for some
distance, when, becoming free, proceeds with a curve to the posterior
side of the pyloric division, where it forms a large number of folds,
and, bending posteriorly, passes over the posterior adductor muscle
into the exhalent siphonal chamber (Fig. 1, 4.). The liver (Fig. 1, LZ.)
covers the stomach with the exception of the dorsal surface at the
anterior end.
Nervous System.—The cerebro-pleural ganglia are situated on each
side, a little anterior to the mouth, and are connected by a commissure
passing in front of it.
‘he viscero-parietal ganglia are situated underneath the bifurcated
BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 221
parts of the retractor pedis posterior muscle, a position anterior to the
posterior adductor muscle. The branchial nerve takes a deep bend
anteriorly before reaching the gills.
The pedal ganglia are situated between the transverse pedal muscles
close to the czcum of the crystalline style, but some little distance
anterior to the distal end of it.
TaGELus prvisus (Spengler).
The animal measures from the anterior side of the anterior adductor
muscle to the posterior side of the posterior adductor muscle 25 mm.,
and is 11mm. deep. Dorsally it is curved outwardly, but along the
ventral surface is nearly straight. The mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, IZ.)
are connected with the anterior side of the anterior adductor muscle,
whence they first outline a large anterior curve, and afterwards pass
posteriorly in nearly a direct course, until a position almost ventral
to the posterior adductor muscle is reached before the marginal parts
are joined together, thus denoting the great extent of the pedal
aperture. The foot (Fig. 4, /.) is comparatively larger, deeper, and
more muscular. In the single specimen under examination it lies in
an antero-ventral direction, but whether this is its natural resting
position is doubtful, as there is some indication of more than normal
tension of the muscles in and near the anterior region of the proximal
portion of the foot; however, the fact that the range of the pedal
aperture extends so far posteriorly in the different species of Tagelus
and the presence and situation of certain pedal muscles point to the
use of the foot in a ventral as well as an anterior plane of movement.
The proximal portion of the siphon (Fig. 4, #x.S. and Jn.8.) is
situated between the mantle-lobes, a little antero-ventrally to the
posterior adductor muscle, whilst laterally it is united with the inside
surface of each mantle-lobe, thus quite enclosing the posterior portion
of the pallial cavity with the exception of the siphonal apertures.
Behind this coalesced line the mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, P.Z.P.) extend
separately some distance posteriorly, so enabling them, when necessary,
to completely envelop the free siphonal tubes (Fig. 4, #v.S’. and
In.S’.). The latter are separate from each other with the distal ends
pointing dorsally, and, though somewhat contracted, they are relatively
shorter than those of allied species. Anteriorly the proximal portion
of the siphon continues on each side of the animal as a siphonal
retractor muscle (Fig. 4, S.#.Jf), which is short, thick, and rounded,
but soon spreads out into an ovate-shaped body, and from the external
surface adheres to the adjacent valve of the shell.
When contrasted with the other species of Zagelus it will be
seen that TZ. divisus possesses quite distinctive characters. Its
resemblance to Solecurtus Dombeyi is noticeable in the muscular
mantle-lobes, the strongly developed muscular foot, the diminished
length of the free siphonal tubes, and the power of the posterior parts
of the mantle-lobes to completely envelop them, when necessary ; but
it differs from this and the other species in its greater depth, in the
comparative largeness of the anterior and posterior muscles and of the
musculus cruciformis, in the length of the retractor pedis posterior
222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
muscle (which is much longer than that of S. Dombeyz, but shorter
than that of either 7. rufus or T. gibbus), and, as far as I have been
able to ascertain from the specimens submitted to me for examination,
in the possession of elevator pedis and protractor pedis muscles.
Pallial Muscles.—The muscles of the mantle-lobes (Fig. 4, IL.)
begin at the anterior end as a deep band, and lessen in depth as
they proceed posteriorly.
The anterior adductor muscle (Fig. 4, 4.4.), which lies inclined
a little in an antero-ventral position, is a broad and deep muscle,
curved dorsally, and gradually decreasing in depth towards the
posterior side. It is connected anteriorly with the mantle-lobes and
posteriorly with the proximal portion of the foot and body-covering.
I cannot trace any complete division of it by the ventral integument
passing between the anterior and posterior portions.
The posterior adductor muscle (Fig. 4, P.A.) is very deep, but
shallows somewhat towards the posterior side. It is connected
anteriorly with the body-covering and the posterior retractor pedis
muscle, and posteriorly with the mantle-lobes.
The musculus cruciformis (Fig. 4, Jf. C.) is a broad transverse muscle
situated ventrally to the posterior adductor muscle, near to the edge of
the mantle-lobe. It appears to be in one piece, of nearly the same
width and depth throughout, with its external surfaces adhering to
the valves of the shell. There is a slight indication of the presence of
the branchial muscles (Fig. 4, B.2.), which are attached to the shell
a little behind the pedis elevator muscles.
Pedal Muscles.—As before stated, the muscles of the foot are very
muscular, the muscularity reaching as far as the dorsal surface of the
proximal portion of it.
The protractor pedis muscles (Fig. 4, P.P.) are short and situated
posterior to, with the terminal parts a little over, the anterior adductor
muscle.
The retractor pedis anterior muscles (Fig. 4, P.2.A.) are likewise
short, and situated a little distance posterior to the protractor pedis
muscles.
The elevator pedis muscles (Fig. 4, #.P.) are posterior, though nearer
the median line, to the retractor pedis anterior muscles.
The retractor pedis posterior muscle (Fig. 4, P.R.P.) is a rounded
muscle of medium length, with the distal end of it bifurcated, the
bifurcations resting on the antero-dorsal edge of the posterior adductor
muscle.
Alimentary Canal.—The lips (Figs. 4, 5, and 6, A.Z. and P.L.)
point antero-ventrally. The cesophagus (Figs. 5 and 6, A.Z. and
P.L.), which is of medium length, soon expands into the cesophageal
division of the stomach (Figs. 5 and 6, O¢.S¢.). This division widens
out posteriorly as far as what I have previously termed the muscular
papilla (Fig. 5, J.P.). The anterior continuation of the latter projects
laterally some considerable distance across the stomach, separating the
cardiac (Fig. 5, C.St.) from the central (Fig. 5, C.D.) division, but
both of these divisions are small. The pyloric division (Figs. 5 and 6,
P.St.) is large, and continues as the cecum of the crystalline style
oe ; -
_ i -
+a
-
7 :
:
es -
_ _
Proc. Mauac.Soc.
C.C..__. eee \ --- AL
é/ ' ep. &
fot Oe Sts Me
dabsSer PE.
Ds
H.HB. del.ad-nat
ANATOMY OF TAGELUS
Vor VII. Pu. XIX.
GIBBUS
Huth,Lith® London.
& Th. DIVISUS:
BLOOMER: ON THE ANATOMY OF TAGELUS. 223
(Figs. 5 and 6, C.C.), which is a sac of considerable length passing
directly near to the ventral surface of the foot, when it curves sharply
and proceeds to the dorsal surface of the pedal cavity. The intestine
(Figs. 4, 5, and 6, Zn.) appears as a constricted groove (Fig. 6, Jn.)
on the right side of the csecum of the crystalline style. Near the
distal end of the cecum the intestinal wall becomes complete, and the
intestine returns along, and attached for some distance to, the right
lateral side of the cecum; then, leaving it, proceeds with a curve to
the dorsal surface of the pyloric division, and, turning posteriorly,
goes as the rectum (Fig. 4, 2.) over the posterior adductor muscle,
around its posterior side to the exhalent chamber (Fig. 4, 4.).
The nervous system apparently is very similar to that of 7. gibbus.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.
TaGELus Gipgus (Spengler).
ey
eS
2
a
. View from right side, showing the alimentary canal, etc. Nat. size.
,, 2. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the
left side. x 2.
,, 8. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the
right side. x 2.
TAGELUs Divisus (Spengler).
View from right side, showing the alimentary canal, etc. x 2.
Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the
left side. x 3.
,, 6. Longitudinal section of the stomach, showing the internal structure of the
right side. x 3.
oe
A, anus; A.A. anterior adductor muscle; -4.Z. anterior or upper lip; B.R.
branchial retractor muscle ; C.C. cecum of crystalline style ; C.D. central division of
the stomach; @.S¢. cardiac division of the stomach; Z.P. elevator pedis muscle :
Ex.S. proximal portion of the exhalent siphonal chamber ; Ex.S’. exhalent siphonal
tube; F. foot; F. Jn. folded portion of the intestine ; In. intestine ; Jn.S. proximal
portion of the inhalent siphonal chamber ; Zv.S'. inhalent siphonal tube; L. liver ;
M. mouth ; M.C. musculus cruciformis, a transverse muscle situated ventrally to the
siphon; M.Z. left mantle-lobe; M.P. developed portion of the muscular ridge,
extending a considerable distance across the stomach and representing the continuation
of the muscular papilla of Solen ; Oe. esophagus ; Oe.St. esophageal division of the
stomach; P.A. posterior adductor muscle; P.L. posterior or lower Ne PAV oIe
posterior portions of the mantle-lobes, which envelop and are connected anteriorly
with the siphon; P.P. protractor pedis muscle; P.R.A. retractor pedis anterior
muscle; P.R.P. retractor pedis posterior muscle; P.S¢. pyloric division of the
stomach; R. rectum; S.R.M. siphonal retractor muscle ; S¢. stomach.
224
DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF HELICOID
LAND-SHELLS FROM GERMAN NEW GUINEA.
By J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S.
Read 14th December, 1906.
Ruytipa BEpNALLI, n.sp.
Testa depressa, tenuis, patuliformis, corneo-fusca, nitida, umbilicata ;
anfr. 4 rotundati, sutura bene impressa, vix canaliculata separati,
undique pulcherrime regulariter costulati et lineis nonnullis spiralibus
leviter notati, ultimus rotundatus, non descendens; umbilicus apertus,
infundibuliformis, usque ad apicem pervius, anfr. omnes exhibens;
apertura obliqua, fere rotunda, tenuis, marginibus distantibus. Diam.
maj. 7, min. 6mm.; alt. 3°5mm.; apertura 2°5 lata.
Hab.—German New Guinea.
A pretty little species with rather deeply cut suture and wide
perspective umbilicus. The spiral sculpture, which in reality is little
more than impressed scratches, is very irregular, but here and there
distinctly visible both above and below the rounded periphery.
CoLIoLUs THRIX, 0.sp.
Testa elata, conico-pyramidalis, umbilicata, fusca, strigis et maculis
albidis sparsim notata sub epidermide brunnea, dense longipilosa;
anfractus 8—9, convexi, ultimus acute carinatus, vix descendens; 8 primi
embryonales spiraliter striati, ceeteri undique oblique ruditer striati,
epidermide hirsuta induti, sensim a peripheria ad apicem obtusum
decrescentes. Basis fere plana, medio circa umbilicum modicum
PONSONBY: ON LAND-SHELLS FROM NEW GUINEA. ~ 925
leviter excavata. Apertura oblique ovata, marginibus distantibus,
callo albo elevato junctis. Peristoma tenue, flexuosum, margine
columellari brevi, vix incrassato et reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 13,
min. 12mm.; alt. 13°5 mm.; apertura 7 mm. lata.
Hab.—German New Guinea.
The genus Coliolus was founded by Tapparone - Canefri for
C. Arfakiensis, the other known species being Canefriana, Smith, and
Weisket, Fulton. C. thrix therefore forms an interesting addition to this
restricted genus, in which, judging from shell characters, it is best
included. The sculpture and arrangement of the hairy epidermis
resemble those features as described in C. Arfakiensis, but the shells
now dealt with have only 9 as against 11 whorls, and the general
form, as will be seen from the accompanying figures, is quite different.
This and the preceding species were received by Mr. Bednall of
Adelaide from German New Guinea, and were kindly forwarded by
him to the writer for description.
226
DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA FROM
THE CONGO FREE STATE.
By 8. I. Da Costa.
Read 11th January, 1907.
PLATE XX.
Tue writer is indebted to Mr. George Grey for his kindness in sending
him several interesting shells from the southern part of the Congo
State, about 10° 30’ S. lat., between the watershed of the Lualaba
and Lufira rivers. Among them are the following seven species of
Achatina. Although they differ materially in form and texture from
one another, their general characteristics are somewhat similar, the
writer therefore refrains from making comparisons between them
and the species of other authors. His most cordial thanks are due
to Mr. E. A. Smith for the valuable assistance afforded him in the
investigations rendered necessary before undertaking the descriptions
of these new species.
AcwatTina Greyl, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 1.
Testa fusiformi-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea,
strigis fulguratis latis fuscis, in anfractu ultimo ad basim productis
ornata; anfractus 74, parum convexi, longitudinaliter striati, priores
minutissime granulati, ultimus fortiter reticulatus, % longitudinis
equans ; sutura subcrenulato-marginata ; apex obtusus; columella
leviter torta, oblique truncata; apertura ovalis, intus lactea; peristoma
simplex, acutum. Long. 58, diam. 32mm.; apertura 32mm. longa,
15 lata.
ACHATINA ovaTa, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 2.
Testa ovata, ventricosa, imperforata, tenuissima, fulva, strigis pallide
brunneis fulguratis ornata ; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter rugoso-striati,
priores minutissime granulati, ultimus * longitudinis equans, stris
infra medium evanidis; apex obtusus; sutura subcrenulata; columella
recta, alba, leviter torta, abrupte truncata; apertura oblongo-ovalis,
intus ceruleo-lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 56, diam.
32 mm.; apertura 30 mm. longa, 16 lata.
ACHATINA TRANSPARENS, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 3.
Testa oblongo-ovata, imperforata, tenuissima, nitida, diaphana ;
anfractus 7, longitudinaliter subplicato -striati, priores sub lente
minutissime granulati, fuscescentes, strigis castaneo-brunneis undatim
fulguratis picti; ultimus # longitudinis equans ; apex obtusus; sutura
impressa ; columella recta, abrupte truncata; apertura parum obliqua,
semiovalis, intus margaritacea, peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 41,
diam. 23 mm.; apertura 26 mm. longa, 12 lata.
Ver. Vi Pu kk.
Proc. Mauac. Sac.
NEW SPECIES OF AGCHATINA,
DA COSTA: ON NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINA. pa
ACHATINA suBovaTA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 4.
Testa oblongo-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, crassiuscula, stra-
minea, strigis latis castaneis ornata; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter
subtiliter striati, undique granoso-decussati; ultimus ? longitudinis
equans; spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura subcrenulata ;
columella recta, leviter torta, oblique truncata, cxrulea; apertura
oblongo-ovalis, intus lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 56,
diam. 20 mm.; apertura 28 mm. longa, 14 lata.
ACHATINA ZEBRINA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 5.
Testa ovato-fusiformis, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea,
strigis latis fuscis ornata; anfractus 7, longitudinaliter striati, undique
granoso-decussati ; ultimus spiram paulo superans; apex obtusatus ;
sutura subcrenulata; columella alba, subcontorta, abrupte truncata ;
apertura ovalis, intus ceruleo-lactea; peristoma simplex, acutum.
Long. 70, diam. 388mm.; apertura 38 mm. longa, 18 lata.
AcHATINA ViRGULATA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 6.
Testa fusiformi-ovata, subventricosa, imperforata, tenuis, straminea,
strigis latis fulminatis nigricante-castaneis ornata; anfractus 7, longi-
tudinaliter rugoso-striati, priores sub lente minutissime granulati ;
ultimus $ longitudinis equans, infra medium obsolete decussatulus ;
spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura impressa; columella recta,
leviter torta, oblique truncata, cerulea; apertura angulato-ovalis,
intus albida, strigis translucentibus ; peristoma simplex, acutum.
Long. 50, diam. 27mm. ; apertura 25 mm. longa, 13 lata.
ACHATINA oBscuRA, n.sp. Pl. XX, Fig. 7.
Testa ovato-conica, tenuiuscula; imperforata, castanea, strigis fulmi-
natis saturate fulvis et nigris variegata; anfractus 7, convexiusculi,
longitudinaliter striati, priores sub lente minutissime granulati ;
ultimus £ longitudinis «quans, infra medium obsolete decussatulus ;
spira conica; apex obtusiusculus; sutura marginata; columella
ceruleo-alba, subcontorta, oblique truncata; apertura oblongo-ovalis,
intus ceruleo-alba; peristoma simplex, acutum. Long. 44, diam.
23mm.; apertura 23 mm. longa, 12 lata.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.
Fic. 1. Achatina Greyi, n.sp.
Cee 5) ovata, N.sp.
an tg a transparens, N.Sp.
» 4 ms subovata, 0.sp.
59 LOS a5 zebrina, D.sp.
sae Os we virgulata, D.sp.
le aA obscura, .sp.
99
228
A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE GENUS
CHLORITIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES.
By G. K. Gupz, F.Z.8.
Read 11th January, 1907.
PLATE XXI.
Aw interesting collection of shells from Australia and the Solomon
Islands, sent over by Dr. J. C. Cox, was received by Mr. J. H.
Ponsonby on the eve of his departure for an extended tour to the Far
East, and has been placed in my hands for examination. This
collection contains, besides a number of interesting specimens of
known forms, no less than eight new species of Chloritis. A new
species of this genus from New Guinea has also been submitted to me
for description by Mr. Ponsonby. Moreover, my own collection has
contributed two others, both received from the collection of the
late Mr. C. E. Beddome; these were accompanied by labels bearing
Mr. Brazier’s manuscript names and marked ‘ex auct.” I have
adopted these names, as no doubt the shells, so labelled, exist in other
collections. At the same time, however, I enter a protest against the
bestowal of manuscript names, which gives rise to confusion and is an
ill service to science.
I take this opportunity of referring to the opinion expressed by
the late Mr. Ancey! that Chloritis Malangensis, Bullen, described
as from Java,’ is probably identical with Moellendorffia eucharistus,
Pilsbry, from Loo Choo. Mr. Bullen has obligingly allowed me to
inspect his types of C. Malangensis, and on comparing them with
Pilsbry’s species I find that they are certainly identical. C. Malangensis
must therefore be reduced to a synonym of Ifoellendorffia eucharistus,
and, as the locality Java is almost certainly erroneous, this habitat
must be deleted. The mistake arose most probably, as already
suggested by Mr. Ancey, through Mr. Rouyer, from whom Mr. Bullen’s ,
shells were received.
Among the shells sent over by Dr. Cox the following call for
remark :—
1. A sinistral specimen of C. ewstoma from the Solomon Islands.
2. A dead and worn specimen of the very rare C. Beatricis, from
British New Guinea. I have seen only one other, which is in the
collection of Colonel Beddome.
3. A large elevated form of C. quercina, measuring: diam. maj. 37,
min. 31mm.; alt. 33 mm.
Hab.—Shortland Island, Solomon Islands.
1 Journ. de Conchyl., vol. liv (1906), p. 128.
2 Proc. Malac. Soc., vol. vi (1905), p. 192, pl. xi, fig. 2.
GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CHLORITIS. 229
4. C. quercina, var. Hombroni, from Florida Island. An extra-
ordinary pyramidal form, the last three whorls planate above, flattened
below, obtusely keeled, the keel exserted in all but the last } whorl.
Suture superficial. Diam. maj. 37°5, min. 832mm.; alt. 24mm.
Both the type and the variety are represented by bipartite specimens,
with the upper side ochreous-brown, the lower straw-yellow.
5. C. Challengeri, Byron Bay, New South Wales. A new habitat.
One other specimen is labelled Clarence and Richmond Rivers.
6. OC. Novocambrica, an elevated form, labelled ‘‘Scrubs 8 miles from
the North Pine River, Queensland.”” A new habitat, the type being
described from New South Wales. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12°5mm.;
alt. 11:5mm. A second specimen measures: diam. maj. 12,
min. 10 mm.; alt. 8°5 mm.
In my former paper, on p. 116, the references to C. Marimberti and
C. Balansat, var. cincta, have by a printer’s error unfortunately been
transposed in the footnotes Nos. 2 and 3.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
CHLORITIS CoNoMPHALA, n.sp. Pl. X XI, Figs. 1, ad.
Shell widely umbilicated, depressed globose, distinctly and regularly
striated, pale ochreous, the last whorl pale fulvous, covered with
sparse hair-scars arranged in quincunx. Spire low, subplanate, apex
immersed, suture deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing regularly, the
last somewhat suddenly, slowly descending and shortly deflexed in
front, a little dilated at the mouth, obtusely angulated round the
funnel-shaped umbilicus, which shows the entire penultimate whorl
within. Aperture subcircular, little oblique, the margins convergent,
united by a thin callus, peristome rosy-fulvous, thickened, shortly
expanded and reflexed; upper margin arcuate, outer and basal
rounded, columellar slightly dilated above, impinging upon the
umbilicus. Major diam. 21:5, min. 17°5 mm.; alt. 14mm.
Hab.—Rubiana, Solomon Islands.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. Allied to C. discordialis, but smaller
and with the hair-scars much more sparsely placed; the peristome is less
expanded, the last whorl less dilated, and the aperture consequently
smaller; the last whorl also descends less, and the umbilicus is not so
widely excavated. A second specimen measures: major diam. 20,
min. 16°5mm.; alt. 12°5 mm.
Cutoritis MuNnDA, usp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 2, a-d.
Shell moderately umbilicated, discoid, dull, dark cinnamon brown,
finely irregularly striated, the nepionic 14 whorls minutely granulated;
covered with distant small warty tubercles (probably bearing hairs
when fresh) arranged in quincunx. Spire planate, apex almost
immersed, suture deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing regularly, the
last rather suddenly, a little dilated towards the mouth, very slightly
descending in front, slightly compressed below, and obtusely angulated
round the slightly excavated umbilicus. Aperture ovate -lunate,
oblique, margins convergent; peristome thin, fulvous, upper and outer
230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
margins almost straight, the basal slightly reflexed, columellar tri-
angularly dilated above and slightly overhanging the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 12°5, min. 11:25 mm. ; alt. 7°75 mm.
Hab.—Moon Creek, Burnett River watershed, Queensland.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. At first I considered this to be
C. spinet, but that species appears to have a wider umbilicus and more
tumid whorls. A second specimen is immature, having only three
whorls completed. The warty tubercles probably bear hairs or bristles
when the shell is in fresh condition.
CHLoRITIS LANUGINOSA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 3, ad.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, depressed turbinate, dull corneous,
finely striated, with microscopic spirals under a densely, shortly pilose
cuticle, giving the shell a velvety appearance. Spire conoid, apex
prominent, suture rather deep. Whorls 43, convex, increasing
regularly, the last a little widened and but slightly constricted behind
the peristome, shortly deflexed in front, obscurely angulated round the
narrow umbilicus. Aperture subovate, oblique, margins convergent,
united by a thin callus; peristome thin, slightly expanded, not
reflexed; margins evenly rounded, columellar triangularly dilated
above and reflexed over the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9°5 mm. ;
alt. 7°5 mm.
Hab.—Kidsvold, Queensland.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. This new species can only be
compared to C. brevipila, but the whorls are less globose than in that
species, the spire is more elevated, the last whorl descends less in
front, and the conspicuous bristles of C. drevipila are here absent; the
margins of the peristome are also more distant. Under a very strong
lens the quincuncial arrangement of the pili can with difficulty be
detected on the earlier whorls, but on the last it is imperceptible.
CHLORITIS EXILIS, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 4, a-d.
Shell umbilicate, turbinate, very finely and regularly striated, dull,
pale corneous, densely covered with minute soft, short, pale bristles
arranged in quincunx. Spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture rather deep.
Whorls 5, convex, increasing rapidly, last dilated towards the mouth,
slightly descending in front, obtusely angulated round the narrow
umbilicus. Aperture suboval, oblique, margins convergent; peristome
white, scarcely thickened and narrowly reflexed, margins evenly
rounded, columellar triangularly dilated and less than half covering
the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 18, min. 15 mm.; alt. 13°5 mm.
Hab.—Mount Dryander, Port Denison, Queensland.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. From C. Coxeni, its nearest ally, this
new species is distinguished by its smaller size, the less covered
umbilicus, and the densely crowded, finer, shorter, and paler bristles.
From C. Bennetti, another ally, it differs in the narrower umbilicus,
and, although larger, in having one whorl less. A second specimen
of this new species is paler, and possesses half a whorl less than the
type. A third from Warroo, Port Curtis, is a little more elevated in
the spire, measuring alt. 15 mm.
GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CAHLORITIS. 231
Cutoritis cognata, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 5, a—d.
Shell moderately umbilicate, globose turbinate, finely regularly
striated, whitish corneous, covered with crowded hair-scars arranged
in quincunx. Spire conoid, apex obtuse, suture deep, almost
channelled. Whorls nearly 5, convex, increasing regularly, the last
rather suddenly, shortly deflexed in front, widening towards the
mouth and slightly constricted behind the peristome, subangulated
round the slightly excavated umbilicus. Aperture subovate, oblique,
margins approaching ; peristome white, a little thickened, and reflexed ;
upper margin arcuate, outer and basal rounded, columellar triangularly
dilated above and a little overhanging the umbilicus. Diam. maj.
14°5, min. 12mm.; alt. 10mm.
Hab.—Olsen’s Caves, Rockhampton, Queensland.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. Somewhat similar in shape to
C. exilis, but more depressed and with the hair-scars less crowded ; the
margins of the peristome are more approaching, and the umbilicus is
a little wider and more excavated.
CHLORITIS MICROMPHALA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 6, a—d.
Shell narrowly umbilicate, globosely turbinate, finely irregularly
striated and decussated with wavy incised spirals, dark corneous above,
paler beneath. Spire conical, apex obtuse, suture deep. Whorls 4,
globose, increasing rapidly, the last dilated towards the mouth,
descending suddenly and deeply in front, obscurely angulated round
the narrow deep umbilicus. Aperture suboval, oblique, margins
approaching, united by a thin callus; peristome white, a little
thickened and reflexed, margins evenly rounded, columellar margin
broadly triangularly dilated, more than half covering the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 21°5, min. 18 mm.; alt. 17 mm.
Hab.—Barrier Range, North-West Australia.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. The only species to be compared with
C. micromphala is C. Blackmani, but the globose whorls, the broader
base, the more dilated last whorl, the more approximate margins of the
peristome, and the absence of hair-scars at once separate the new
species from its ally; the more broadly dilated columellar margin of
the peristome and the more covered umbilicus are also differentiating
characters.
Cuuoritis Poortt, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 7, ad.
Shell moderately umbilicate, globose, thin, pale ochreous, a little
shining, irregularly striated, very densely covered with minute hair-
scars arranged in quincunx. Spire conical, apex obtuse, suture
channelled. Whorls 43, increasing regularly, tumid, shouldered near
the suture, somewhat compressed at the periphery, obtusely angulated
round the deep umbilicus, which is slightly excavated; last whorl
slightly dilated towards the mouth, scarcely descending in front.
Aperture subcircular, oblique, margins convergent; peristome pale
fulvous, thin, a little expanded; margins evenly rounded, columellar
triangularly dilated and reflexed, covering half the umbilicus. Diam.
maj. 12°5, min. 10°5 mm. ; alt. 9°5 mm.
232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Hab.—Cardwell, Queensland.
Type in my collection. This species and the next two, together with
C. Blackmani, are closely associated on account of the excessively
crowded and minute hair-scars, this character varying in an inverse
ratio to the size of the shell. C. Pooret is distinguished from
C. Blackmani and C. Thales by the narrower umbilicus and the deeper
suture.
Cutoritis THates, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 8, a-d.
Shell narrowly umbilicate, globose, thin, translucent, corneous,
a little shining, irregularly striated, very densely covered with
excessively minute hair-points arranged in quincunx. Spire conoid,
apex obtuse, suture deep. Whorls 5, convex, obtusely angulated near
the suture and round the narrow umbilicus, rounded at the periphery
and below, increasing regularly, the last rapidly, slightly dilated
towards the mouth, and a little descending in front. Aperture sub-
circular, oblique, margins convergent; peristome thin, corneous,
slightly expanded; margins evenly rounded, columellar margin
triangularly dilated and reflexed, more than half covering the
umbilicus. Diam. maj. 14°5, min. 12°56 mm.; alt. 12mm.
Hab.—Rockingham Bay, Queensland. Somewhat like a small
C. Blackman, but with narrower umbilicus; the whorls are more
tumid, flattened near the suture; the hair-scars in C. Blackmani are
still more crowded than in the present species
CHLoRITIS MISELLA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 9, ad.
Shell moderately umbilicate, depressed conoid, thin, pale corneous,
finely plicate-striate, densely covered with rather large hair-scars
arranged in quincunx. Spire low conical, apex obtuse, suture
channelled. Whorls 4, convex, increasing regularly, the last rather
suddenly, widened towards the mouth and constricted behind the
peristome, slightly compressed below and subangulated round the
excavated umbilicus, shortly deflexed in front. Aperture subovate,
oblique, margins approaching; peristome thin, scarcely reflexed,
margins evenly rounded, columellar slightly dilated and impinging
upon the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 8°5, min. 7 mm.; alt. 5-5 mm.
Hab.—Queensland.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. The smallest member of the group,
and allied to C. Poore?, but much smaller and much more depressed ;
it somewhat resembles C. Buxtoni in shape.
CHLORITIS OBNUBILA, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 10, ad.
Shell narrowly umbilicate, turbinately depressed, dull ochreous-
corneous, finely plicate-striate, with microscopical wrinkled spirals
under a deciduous velvety cuticle. Spire conoid, apex granulate
obtuse, suture rather shallow. Whorls 5, convex, increasing
regularly, the last rather suddenly, obscurely angulated above the
periphery, a little widened towards the mouth, scarcely constricted
behind the peristome, very shortly deflexed in front, slightly
compressed below, and obscurely angulated round the narrow
GUDE: ON NEW SPECIES OF CALORITIS. 233
umbilicus. Aperture ovate-lunate, oblique, margins convergent ;
peristome thin, whitish, slightly reflexed, margins evenly rounded,
columellar triangularly dilated and slightly overhanging the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 18, min. 15°5 mm. ; alt. 12 mm.
Hab.—Australia.
Type in Dr. Cox’s collection. In shape it resembles C. mucida, but
it is smaller and has a slightly narrower umbilicus, while the aperture
is less dilated transversely. No trace of hair-scars can be detected,
although the periostracum is quite fresh.
Cuoritis Airnarnsis, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Figs. 11, a-d.
Shell imperforate, depressed conoid, dull, dark corneous, very finely
and regularly striated, covered with very minute and crowded short
bristles. Spire much depressed, apex low, suture rather shallow.
Whorls 4, increasing regularly, the last rather suddenly, the earlier
ones a little convex, the last compressed above, obtusely angulated
above the periphery, compressed below, becoming inflated towards
the mouth and slightly constricted behind the peristome, obtusely
angulated round the very small umbilical depression. Aperture
subelliptic, little oblique, margins approaching, united by a thin
callus; peristome whitish, becoming fulvous at the edge, a little
thickened, expanded and reflexed; upper margin ascending at first,
then slightly curved, outer rounded, basal nearly straight, columellar
obliquely ascending, triangularly dilated and reflexed, entirely
covering the umbilicus. Diam. maj. 13, min.11mm.; alt. 8 mm.
Hab.—Etna Bay, Dutch New Guinea.
Type in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection. C. tnaensis differs from
C. telitecta in the completely covered umbilicus, the more depressed
spire, and in having the aperture more contracted laterally. From
C. eurychasma it may be distinguished by its smaller size, the com
pressed whorls, the supra-peripheral angulation, the less oblique and
more contracted aperture; the last whorl is also more dilated and
constricted, and descends less in front; the columellar margin is less
dilated, and the bristles are finer and more crowded.
VOL. VII.—MARCH, 1907. 16
234
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPUINA, AND
ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME HITHERTO UNFIGURED SHELLS.
By G.. K.Gupn, F.2:8,
Read 11th January, 1907.
PLATE XXI.
Tue shells forming the subject of the present article were for the most
part received from Dr. Cox, together with the specimens of Chloritis
treated of in the previous paper.
Papuina compianaTa, n.sp. Pl. XXI, Fig. 12.
Shell imperforate, trochoidal, the earlier whorls bluish white, the
penultimate becoming yellowish brown, the last dark brown above,
yellowish brown below, finely distinctly striated and with excessively
fine and close spirals above, and distant shallow spiral furrows below.
Spire conical, apex exserted, suture shallow, margined. Whorls 6,
convex, increasing regularly, the last dilated towards the mouth,
convex above, slightly flattened at the suture, bluntly keeled at the
periphery, slightly compressed below and excavated at the umbilical
region, very shortly descending below the periphery in front.
Aperture subelliptical, very oblique, margins convergent; peristome
white, thickened, expanded, and reflexed; upper margin slightly
curved, outer rounded, columellar flattened, adnate to the parietal
wall. Diam. maj. 26°5, min. 20°5 mm.; alt. 18 mm.
Hab.—Probably New Ireland (Mus. Cuming).
‘ype in the British Museum. A single specimen from New Ireland
sent by Dr. Cox was found to have its counterpart in the Cuming
Collection in the British Museum without habitat. The new species
is allied to P. vexillaris, but is readily distinguished by its broader
and more flattened base, the more pronounced peripheral keel, the
more expanded peristome and dilated aperture, and by the absence of
the obliquely descending wrinkles above the periphery.
Papurva Frineinia, Pfr.
A curious abnormal specimen from New Georgia, received from
Dr. Cox, exhibits a tendency to become scalariform, and on close
examination it appears to have sustained an injury to that part of the
mantle which forms the peripheral portion of the shell. The first two
whorls are normal, but thence onwards the periphery becomes exserted
and flattened, in parts with a shallow groove; near the end of the
penultimate whorl the periphery becomes again keeled, but a well-
defined zone about 2mm. wide above and below the keel bulges out
slightly, is denuded of cuticle, and has the surface rough and
irregularly striated. At the aperture a short sinus occurs, with the
peristome thin and imperfect. The inside of the shell appears normal.
CrysTaLLopsis TRIcoLoR, Pfr. Pl. XXI, Fig. 13.
The species was described as translucent whitish with spiral lines
of opaque white, but this description must have been based on a
decorticated shell, for a specimenin my collection has a pale yellowish
Proc. Matac. Soc. Vou.VI, Pr. XXI.
AF. Searle, del.et lth.
NEW SPECIES ©OF CHE @ Rit S© eae:
GUDE: ON PAPUINA COMPLANATA, ETC. 235
cuticle. Another specimen, however, is an albino. In some shells the
whorls are more globose and the peripheral keel is less pronounced
than in others, while in some the last whorl is strongly gibbous behind
the aperture. One specimen in my collection has the last whorl with
two narrow brown bands, one above and one below the peripheral
keel, but is without the brown articulations usually found between
those two bands. Dr. Cox contributes a shell with an elevated spire,
measuring major diam. 34, min. 28mm., alt. 25 mm., which may be
designated as var. conica. It is unicolorous, opaque white with brown
peristome, strongly gibbous at the periphery behind the peristome, and
with the keel obtuse. A specimen in my collection is similar, but
measures alt. 24mm., while in another the last whorl is strongly
deflexed in front, descending below the keel; the upper and basal
margins of the peristome are white, edged with pale brown.
TrocHoMoRPHA cRUsTULUM, Cox. Pl. XXI, Figs. 14, a-e.
Helix crustulum, Cox: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 150.
Hab.—Solomon Islands.
This species has hitherto remained unfigured, and I am pleased to
be able to give illustrations from a specimen sent by Dr. Cox.
Ruytipa VILLANDREI, Gassies.
A sinistral specimen, dark brown, mottled with yellow, was received
from Dr. Cox. Iam not aware that the reversed form of this species
has been recorded,
Hab.—San Christoval, Solomon Islands.
?Xzusra Waneanensis, Cox. Pl. XXI, Figs. 15, a-c.
Helix Wanganensis, Cox: Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 82.
Hab.—Solomon Islands.
Another unfigured species a specimen of which has been contributed
by Dr. Cox. In the original diagnosis the suture is rather vaguely
described ‘strongly marked.” I find it to be very deep and
channelled, while the last whorl is shouldered near the suture.
Diam. maj. 13, min. 12mm.; alt. 8 mm.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXI.
Fics. 1, a-d. Chloritis conomphala, n.sp.
» 2, 4d. a mundi, N.Sp.
» 9, ad. 3 lanugiiosa, 0.Sp.
» 4, a-d. PE exilis, D.Sp.
», 05 aa. a cognata, D.Ssp.
3 0 a-d. s micromphala, U.sp.
> «601, aa. $5 Poorei, n.sp.
», 8, ad. 53 Thales, n.sp.
Ten Oo ae a ae misella, N.sp.
», 10, a-d. 35 obnubila, n.sp.
», Ll, ad. AS Abinaensis, .sp.
Fig. 12. Papuina complanata, u.sp.
as 13. Crystallopsis tricolor, vax. conica.
Fias. 14, a-c. Trochomorpha crustulum, Cox.
’
15, a-c. ? Xesta Wanganensis, Cox.
be) i ?
236
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM
NEW ZEALAND.
By Henry Suter.
Read 11th January, 1907.
PLATE XXII.
1. Laoma (s.s.) pacrnosticta (Pfr.), n.subsp. CONICULA.
Pl. XXII, Figs. 1, 2.
Shell small, dome-shaped, imperforate, radially finely costate, suture
margined, last whorl keeled, with a columellar plait. Sculpture
consists of close, rounded, flexuous, radiate plications, extending over
the base; the latter is microscopically closely and finely spirally striate.
Colour fulvous, with rather faint longitudinal ziczac bands of rufous ;
margins of suture and keel on the last whorl with whitish dots.
Epidermis thin, shining. Spire dome-shaped, with a blunt rounded
apex. Protoconch formed by 134 smooth, flatly convex whorls ;
a magnifying power of 100 diam. reveals faint spiral striation.
Whorls 6, slowly increasing, flatly convex, as is also the base. Suture
impressed, margined above on the last four whorls with a distinct
thread. Aperture a little oblique, angularly lunate, breadth about
twice the height. Peristome simple, straight, outer lip but little
convex, forming a distinct angle with the slightly rounded basal lip.
Columella callous, oblique, with a not much pronounced plait.
Umbilical region showing but a faint impression, no perforation
whatever, not even in young examples. Alt. 3:2, diam. 3mm.
Hab.—One specimen, the type, I received some years back from
Mr. Strickland, who collected shells in this colony for some time, and
who found it near Kaihu, Hokianga. I also found specimens in the
bush near Waiwera.
This subspecies is distinguished from ZL. pecilosticta, of which for
comparison the outlines are figured (Fig. 2), by the dome-like spire,
the absence of an umbilicus, and the presence of very distinct spiral
striation upon the base. Young specimens of ZL. peeilosticta are
distinctly umbilicated, but adult specimens have the perforation mostly
more or less sealed up; spiral striation on the base is faintly visible
only under a very strong lens. Type in my collection.
2. Laoma (Purixenatavs) Fittcosra, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 3.
Shell minute, turbinate, imperforate, fulvous with fuscous radial
streaks and distant riblets. Sculpture consists of very fine and oblique
flexuous cost, about 8 to 10 per millim.; they are sharp, thin, mem-
branous, white, and extending over the base to the umbilical region ;
SUTER: ON NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. oat
the interstices with numerous microscopic incremental strie; base
microscopically distantly spirally lirate. Colour fulvous, radially
ornamented with ziczac bands of rufous at about the same distance
apart as the mblets. Epidermis thin, not shining. Spire convexly
conoidal, with a blunt and rounded apex. Protoconch formed by 14
smooth flat whorls, which are microscopically finely spirally striate.
Whorls 43, slowly and regularly increasing, flatly convex, the last
distinctly angled at the periphery, base rounded, umbilical region
shghtly impressed. Suture not deep. Aperture somewhat oblique,
lunar; columella but little callous and extended over the umbilical
region. Peristome sharp, straight. Alt. 1:25, diam. 1:75 mm.
Hab.—A few specimens were found by my son Alfred in a swampy
kahikatea bush near Wairangi, Waikato.
The nearest allies to this species seem to be Z. Francesct and
elaiodes, Webster, though decidedly very distinct from it. JL. filicosta
is a lovely little shell and well characterized. Type in my collection.
3. FruamMuLina (PHENACOHELIX) LEPTALEA, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 4.
Shell small, subglobular, fragile, translucent, umbilicated, closely
costate. Sculpture formed by radial riblets, about 6 per millim.
straight above, slightly sinuate on the periphery and extending to
the umbilicus; the coste are thread-like, sharp, the interstices with
numerous fine growth-lines which are decussated by equally fine and
close spiral lines. Colour light fulvous, with light ziczac markings of
brown. Epidermis very thin, not shining. Spire broadly conoidal,
with obtuse apex. Protoconch consisting of 14 smooth, convex whorls,
microscopically finely and densely spirally striate. Whorls 43, convex,
regularly increasing, the last indistinctly shouldered, and with the
periphery slightly flattened ; base rounded. Suture deeply impressed.
Aperture vertical, lunate; peristome sharp and straight. Outer lip
convex, basal lip somewhat flattened ; columella subvertical, concave,
a little callous and partly spread out over the umbilicus, which is
moderate, deep, diameter ‘7 millim. Alt. 3°7mm.; diam. maj. 4°5,
min. 4mm.
Hab.—The type was collected by Mr. Strickland at Kaihu,
Hokianga. Waitakerei Range and Waiwera (H. S8.).
This species is closely related to F. Ponsonbyz, Suter, but is smaller,
much more globose and fragile, the colour-markings are generally of
a different pattern, the riblets more distant, and the umbilicus a little
narrower. Type in my collection.
4. Frammountna (Atctopiscus) Cooprrt, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Figs. 5-7,
Shell small, orbicular, costate, imperforate, and with broad ziczac
streaks. Sculpture consists of close radial and sharp cost, very little
sinuous, 6 to 7 per millim., interstices with very fine incremental lines
which are crossed by indistinct fine microscopical spiral striz. Colour
fulvous with broad and distinct chestnut brown radiate streaks on the
upper part of the whorls, forming anastomosing ziczac lines on the
periphery and base. Epidermis thin, not shining. Spire low, broadly
238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
convex. Protoconch of 1} smooth convex whorls, microscopically very
indistinctly spirally lirate. Whorls 4}, regularly increasing, convex,
periphery sharply rounded, base flatly convex. Suture very distinct
and well impressed. Aperture oblique, lunate; peristome sharp and
straight; columella oblique, a little concave, with a feeble callus.
Umbilical region not much impressed. Alt. 4mm.; diam. maj. 7,
min. 6°2 mm.
Hab.—Poor Knights Islands (Mr. C. Cooper).
This species stands nearest to 7. dimorpha, Pfr., but is distinguished
from it by its much smaller size and the closer riblets. It gives me
much pleasure to unite the name of my friend Mr. Chas. Cooper, of
Auckland, with the species. Type in my collection.
5. Frammurina (ALLopIscus) THOLOIDESs, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig. 8.
Shell small, depressed turbinate, imperforate, costate, with brown
ziczac bands. Sculpture consists of sharp, almost straight, and sub-
equidistant radial riblets, 8 to 10 per millim., extending over the base,
interstices with very fine growth-lines; no spiral sculpture. Colour
fulvous with light-brown ziczac bands. | Epidermis thin, not shining.
Spire broadly dome-like, low. Protoconch of 1} smooth and convex
whorls. Whorls 5, slowly and regularly increasing, convex, but
slightly flattened above; base convex. Suture well impressed.
Aperture a little oblique, lunar; peristome thin and _ straight ;
columella short, concave, slightly callous, and deflexed over the
umbilical region, which is but little immersed. A thin callus on
the body-whorl unites the distant margins. Alt. 3°2mm.; diam. maj.
4°5, min. 3°8 mm.
Huab.—Cape Te Reinga (Mr. C. Cooper). I have also a specimen
from Whangaroa.
The globular form and the distant, almost straight riblets distinguish
this species from the allied /. Zullia, Gray, L. venulata, Ptr., and
£. rustica, Suter. Type in my collection.
6. Lacocuitus Curtront, Suter, n.subsp. sEPLTENTRIONALIS.
Plex ig 0.
Distinguished from the species by the following characters :—It is
considerably larger, the spiral striation is quite distinct, especially upon
the base, and the umbilicus is a little larger and open, not covered
over by the reflection of the inner lip. Alt. 4, diam. 3 mm.
A specimen from Cape Camel is 4 by 2°8 mm.
Hab.—Cowes Bay, Waiheke Island; type (H.8.). Cape Camel,
west of North Cape (Mr. C. Cooper).
The specimens from Cape Camel are slightly more slender and the
umbilical tract is angled in some examples. ‘l'ype in my collection.
7. Lacocuitus Bicarinatus, n.sp. Pl. XXII, Fig..10.
Shell small, turbinate, umbilicate, base bicarinate. Sculpture
consists of fine subequidistant and blunt incremental axial striae; two
SUTER: ON NEW NON-MARINE SHELLS FROM NEW ZEALAND. 239
caring on the base, the upper one arising from the junction of the
outer lip with the whorl and terminating a little below the middle of
the outer lip; the lower rib departs from the middle of the body-
whorl between the margins of the mouth, and ends at the distal side
of the basal lip; no microscopic spiral striation is present. Colour
fulvous to brown. Epidermis thin, slightly shining; there may be
axial membranous plaits, but in the only specimen before me they
have evidently been lost. Spire conical, of the same height as the
aperture ; apex obtuse. Protoconch consisting of one whorl, which is
globular and smooth. Suture deeply impressed. Aperture circular,
peristome slightly reflexed and callous, but sharp ; notch at the suture
very indistinct; columella concave, partly concealing the umbilicus,
which is deep and of about °5 millim. diameter; the umbilical tract
immersed and margined by the lower carina. Operculum thin, cireular,
multispiral, with membranous outer and central processes. Alt. 5,
diam. +°5 mm.
Hab.— Kamo, near Whangarei (Mr. C. Cooper).
This is a very well characterized species, easily separated from all
our other species of the genus, Type in my collection.
8. Dirropon Menztssi, Gray, n.subsp. acuta. Pl. XXII, Figs. 11, 12.
Distinguished from the species by the very distinctly rostrate
posterior end, the nearly total absence of radial sculpture, and by
being more compressed. Only young shells show traces of radially
arranged nodules near the beaks. The basal margin is generally more
straight than in typical D. Menziest. The beaks are much corroded
in all the specimens I have. ‘he shell is rather thin, yellowish-brown,
with strong concentric sculpture, approaching D. rugata, Hutton.
The interior is nacreous olive, the hinge not different from that of the
species. Alt. 40, long. 70, diam. 16 mm.
Hab.—ULake Omapere, between Bay of Islands and Hokianga. The
shells were collected by Miss Willis, of Ohaeawai, and kindly given
to me by Archdeacon P. Walsh, of Waimate. To both of them my
best thanks are due.
The outline of this subspecies is very nearly that of D. depauperata,
Hutton, but the hinge is very different ; it also has almost exactly the
outline of Anodonta complanata, Ziegler, of Europe. Type in my
collection.
Appendix.
Mr. Charles Cooper, of Auckland, submitted to my examination the
land and fresh-water shells collected during a trip round the North
Cape in the Government steamer ‘‘ Hinemoa” in 1905, and the
following table gives the geographical distribution of the various
species obtained. Localities: 1, Little Barrier Island; 2, Poor
Knights Islands; 3, Whangaroa Harbour; 4, Tom Bowlines Bay,
east of North Cape; 5, Cape Camel, west of North Cape; 6, Te
Reinga; 7, Kamo.
240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Lagochilus pallidus, Hutton
RA Chiltoni, Suter, subsp. septentrionalis, Suter
- bicarinatus, Suter as
a sp. near torguillus, Suter
Realia turriculata, Pfeiffer
a carinella, oie sia :
Potamopyrgus corolla, Gld., subsp. Salleana, Fischer
Rhytida Greenwoodi, Gray sist ane :
Dunnie, Gray
duplicata, Suter
Delos Jeffreysiana, Pfeiffer
Flammulina Zelandie, Gray
Pr Cooper, Suter
a tholoides, Suter
a Kivi, Gray
i Celinde, Gray
4 decidua, Pfeiffer
‘i tamora, Hutton
- Ponsonby?, Suter
Ns Ide, Gray
Chiron, Gray
Laoma leimonias, Gray’.
seiadium, Pfeiffer
Ariel, Hutton
Phrynia, Hutton
allochroida, Suter, subsp. luteumbilicata, Suter
ve Meellendor fii, Suter . Ene ies woe Beall oe
Endodonta varicosa, Pfeiffer... wb a, oe Jee dllleoslee 5 lider ae
As Coma, Gray ... Sa
- buccinella, Reeve
93 corniculum, Reeve ...
a caput - -spinule, Reeve
Athoracophorus sp., var. of bitentaculata, Q. &G.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII. |
Fie. 1 Laoma pecilosticta, Pir., subsp. conicula, Suter. 3°2 by 3mm.
ss Oe A ,, for comparison.
he De ni filicosta, Suter. 1°25 by 1-75 mm.
5 4 Flammulina leptalea, Suter. 3°7 by 45mm.
Fics. 5-7. 5 Cooperi, Suter. 4 by 7 mm.
Fic. 8. A tholoides, Suter. 3°2 by 4:5 mm.
5 9. Lagochilus Chiltoni, Suter, subsp. septentrionalis, Suter. 4 by 3mm.
amo: bicarinatus, Suter. 6 by 4:5 mm.
Figs. 11, 12. Diplodon Menziesi, Gray, subsp. acuta, Suter. 70 by 40mm.
Proc. Malac. Soc. Vol. VII, Pl. XXII.
H. Suter del.
NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSCA FROM NEW ZEALAND.
241
SOCIETY.
MALACOLOGICAL
THE
PROCEEDINGS OF
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242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
Fripay, 8ta Fesroary, 1907.
E. R. Syxzs, B.A., President, in the Chair.
Miss L. Digby and Mr. H. B. Preston were appointed scrutineers.
The following report was read :—
‘*Your Council, in presenting their fourteenth Annual Report, are
able once again to record a year of satisfactory progress.
During the past twelve months nine new members have been
elected. On the other hand, the Society has lost by death a good
friend in Mr. F. Justen, and two other members, C. F. Ancey and
T. Leighton ; and is also the poorer by the retirement of three other
members.
The membership of the Society on December 31st, 1906, stood as
follows :—
Ordinary members’ 5..4) Pert ste eerily 82
Corresponding members nc oesse cases terse 82
Totaly yee 164
At the end of the year 1905 the total membership was 161, and of
1904, 162.
The financial condition of the Society is quite satisfactory ; all the
liabilities of the year have been discharged, and there is a balance in
the banking account of £24 11s. 6d., while the sum of £50 still
remains invested in Metropolitan 23 per cent. Stock.
As usual, three parts of the ‘ Proceedings’ have been published
since the last Annual Meeting. They consist of 200 pages, 17 plates
(an unusually large number), and 44 text-figures, and form the first
half of the seventh volume of the Society’s journal.
Both the Society and malacologists generally are greatly indebted
to the following gentlemen, who have either liberally contributed
towards the cost of the illustrations or have furnished drawings for
reproduction :—Colonel R. H. Beddome, W. T. SHednall, F. G.
Bridgman, Rev. R. Ashington Bullen, R. H. Burne, 8S. I. Da Costa,
Sir Charles Eliot, Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, G. K. Gude,
J.C. Melvill, R. B. Newton, Professor H. A. Pilsbry, H. B. Preston,
A. Reynell, G. B. Sowerby, E. R. Sykes, and B. B. Woodward. It
is only through such generous help that the Society is enabled to issue
such a fully illustrated publication.
Further, the thanks of the Society are especially due to the Council
of the Linnean Society, through whose kindness it has been permitted,
as In previous years, to hold its meetings in Burlington House.”
On the motion of Dr. Henry Woodward, seconded by Mr. A.
Reynell, the above was adopted as the Annual Report of the Society.
|
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 245
The following were elected as Officers and Council for the year 1907 :
President.—B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.
Vice- Presidents.—R. H. Burne, B.A.; Sir C. N. E. Eliot, K.C.M.G. ;
W.G. Ridewood, D.Sc., F.L.S.; E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.L.S.
Treasurer.—J. H. Ponsonby, F.Z.S.,15, Chesham Place, London, S.W.
Secretary.— Alexander Reynell, 152, Selhurst Road, South Norwood,
London, 8.E.
Editor.—K. A. Smith, 1.8.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell
Road, London, 8. W.
Other Members of Council.—H. H. Bloomer; Rey. R. Ashington
Bullen, B.A., F.L.S.; G. C. Crick, F.G.S.; 8S. I. Da Costa ;
R. Bullen Newton, F.G.S. ; Henry Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.
On the motion of Mr. E. A. Smith, seconded by Mr. A. Reynell,
a vote of thanks was accorded to the Retiring Officers and Members of
Council, and to the Auditors and Scrutineers.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 8rH Frsruary, 1907.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
The President delivered an inaugural address, taking for his
subject ‘‘ What evolutionary processes do the Mollusca show?” On
the motion of Mr. E. R. Sykes, seconded by Dr. W. G. Ridewood, a
vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Woodward for his very interesting
address.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 8ra Marcu, 1907.
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., President, in the Chair.
The following communications were read :—
1. ‘ Notes on the Post-Pliocene Mollusca of the Mylne Collection.”’
By A. S. Kennard, F.G.S., and B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.
2. ‘*Notes on some Holocene Shells from Ightham.” By A. S$.
Kennard, F.G.S., and B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.
3. ‘Descriptions of four new species of J/elania from New Ireland
and Kelantan.” By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.
4. ‘“‘On the Arms of the Belemnite.” By G. C. Crick, F.G.S.
5. ‘* Relics of Coloration in Fossil Shells.” By R. Bullen Newton,
EG.S.
The President exhibited some photographs of species of Pisidium,
and, on behalf of Dr. R. F. Schartf, specimens of P. hibernicum.
Mr. E. A. Smith, 1.8.0., exhibited some abnormal examples of
‘bones’ of Cuttlefishes.
244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCTETY.
Mr. H. B. Preston exhibited the types of new species of Corbula
and Bithinella from Port Canning.
Mr. R. H. Burne exhibited shells of Cymbdulia stained with Bismarck
brown to show the details of structure.
Mr. A. Reynell exhibited a malformed specimen of Zima J/ata,
Smith, dredged in the Bay of Biscay.
ORDINARY MEETING.
Fripay, 127TH Aprit, 1907.
KE. A. Surry, I.8.0., in the Chair.
E. R. Waite, F.L.S., and F. W. Reader were elected to membership
of the Society.
The following papers were read :—
1. ‘Notes on New Zealand Polyplacophora, with descriptions of
five new species.” By H. Suter.
2. ‘‘ Descriptions of new Marine Mollusca from New Caledonia, etc.”
By G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S.
3. ‘Descriptions of new species of Drymaus from Peru, Mexico,
etc.” By 8S. I. Da Costa.
4. ‘Description of a new species of Vallonia from South India.”
By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.
The following specimens were exhibited :—
By Rey. R. Ashington Bullen: An example of Unio pictorum from
a pond at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex; Zestacella haliotidea from a garden
at Woking; also the following collected by Professor Boulger—
Bulimulus eulmineus (D’Orb.), found in grass, near springs forming the
water-supply of Santa Rosa, in the Titicaca basin (Province of
Carabaza), Peru, in the Sierra region, at an altitude of about
13,300 feet ; Meoeyclotus Inca (D’Orb.), from the grassy plaza of the
village of Ollachéa, Carabaza, at about 9,200 feet, but in the Montana
(i.e. forest) region; -Ampullaria solida, v. d. Busch, in low ‘monte,’
on wet earth, a few feet above the right bank of the river Atahnalpa
(Amazon basin), in the same province but in the Montana region, at
about 2,200 feet.
By A. S. Kennard: Helix nemoralis and H. Tonnensis from South
Germany.
By G. B. Sowerby: Cyprea arabica, var. atra, from New Caledonia ;
a very large Cyprea tigris, 42 inches long and 9% in circumference ;
an interesting variety of Conus eburneus, and specimens of a curious
form of Amalthea or Capulus.
By A. Reynell: Living young specimens of Thersites Evandaleana.
By E. A. Smith: A remarkable abnormal specimen of Pterocera
aurantia.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 245
OBITUARY NOTICE.
César Fitrx Ancrey was elected a Corresponding Member of the
Society in 1902. He was born at Marseilles on the 15th of
November, 1860, and was educated at the College of the Jésuites
d’Avignon, where he took degrees in literature, science, and law.
Natural history, however, had the greatest attraction for him, and at
first he devoted himself to entomology, especially to the study of
Coleoptera, and at one time was occupied in the superintendence of
the famous collection of MM. Oberthiir of Rennes. However, he
subsequently displayed a predilection for the study of conchology,
which henceforth was maintained to the end of his life.
He left France in 1887 to occupy an official position in Algeria,
where step by step he rose to the rank of ‘administrateur titulaire.’
He stayed a long time at Kabylie, until he became the oldest official
in that district. He possessed a great capacity for work, was an
excellent linguist, and always exhibited a very pleasant and affable
manner to friends and acquaintances. The great desire of his life was
to have made a scientific journey to the Cape Verd Islands or to South
America. However, this hope was never to be realized. He died
from fever on October 10th of last year in his 46th year.
M. Ancey’s conchological writings commenced with the year 1881,
and continued almost without interruption until the year of his death.
Altogether he published about 750 pages, distributed among some
121 different papers. His longest memoirs treated upon the fauna of
the Hawaiian Islands, altogether occupying 135 pages. M. Ancey was
a member of the ‘ Nouvelle école’ of French conchologists, and
consequently many of his so-called species are merely regarded as
slight varieties of long-established forms. An instance of this kind,
familiar perhaps to some of the members of this Society, is worth
recalling. In 1884 he wrote a paper entitled ‘‘ Mollusques inédits du
systéme européen,’ in which he described two forms of Hyalinia
and eighteen so-called new species of Helix. One of the latter,
H. cantianiformis, was from Folkestone! I think that British
conchologists will not admit the possibility of the existence in Kent
of a ‘new species’ of Helix, even as far back as the year 1884.
I may mention that no figures accompanied M. Ancey’s paper, and as
far as I can ascertain most, if not all, of these eighteen forms are still
known only by the author’s Latin diagnoses. It is to be greatly
regretted that the writings of M. Ancey are so inadequately
illustrated; in fact, altogether only five plates and forty-one text-
figures accompany his 750 pages. His descriptions in themselves are,
however, very good, and many of his ‘‘ Notes critiques” contain
much useful information. M. Ancey contributed two papers to these
‘‘ Proceedings,” both treating upon the fauna of the Sandwich Islands,
and doubtless had he lived others would have been offered for
publication. Although we may disagree with M. Ancey in what
constitutes a species, at the same time the utility and thoroughness of
much of his work must be admitted. BARES:
246
INAUGURAL ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT,
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S., F.G.S.
Delivered 8th February, 1907.
WHAT EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES DO THE MOLLUSCA SHOW?
Lapies AND GENTLEMEN,—
My first duty—and it is also a great pleasure—on succeeding
to this presidential chair, is naturally to tender you my sincere thanks
for the great honour you have thus conferred upon me in selecting me
for the position. When I call to mind the noted naturalists, some,
alas! no longer with us, who have in the past filled the office of
president with such ability and distinction, I feel that, while it is
not for me to dispute the wisdom of your choice, a long interval in
merit separates him, who now has the honour to address you, from his
presidential forbears. Nevertheless, let me assure you that so far as the
endeavour to do one’s uttermost to advance the best interests of the
Society is concerned, no breach of continuity shall be observable.
As some earnest of this I trust you will accept the fact, that at
rather short notice, the mission of addressing you at this Annual
Meeting has been taken up by myself. In the natural course of
events my predecessor should have given us his swan-song.
Under these circumstances it seemed best to put before you the
results of some recent cogitations on my part as to what evidences
exist, if any, of progressive development in the Molluscan phylum.
This naturally implies passing in review many well-known points and
familar facts; but though the beads may be old and the string not
altogether new, the rethreading may perhaps prove interesting, and
possibly even suggestive, to the members of this Society.
The extreme plasticity of the Mollusca naturally renders them both
peculiarly susceptible and readily responsive to the operation of the
two great factors that govern the lives of all animals, namely, the
influence on them of their environment, and the necessity laid on one
and all of procuring food. The Molluscan mode of life is, in fact,
mainly governed by the combined action of these two controlling
influences, and in turn becoming itself a potent factor, completes the
cycle by reacting on the animal, which is thus impelled, so long as
similar conditions hold, yet further along a given line of development.
Owing, however, to the paucity of stable elements to be acted on,
continuous progress in any direction has, despite the antiquity of the
race, been slow indeed. The total lack of anything like internal
framework has militated against any such wonderful progress as
="
WOODWARD : INAUGURAL ADDRESS, 247
exhibited in the Vertebrate kingdom; the very plasticity of the
Mollusca has thwarted progressive development, as we understand the
phrase, and they readily retrograde or branch off into bye-paths.
Hence the study of evolution in this group is an exceedingly
complex one, offering, like a very tangled skein, so many clues to
follow out that one is in doubt which thread to pursue first.
On the present occasion it will suffice to take certain leading
features and organs, to summarize what is known concerning them,
and to endeavour to ascertain how far, if at all, any definite con-
clusions can be based upon them.
It may fairly be conceded that the tidal zone was in all probability
the cradle of the race, and that thence the various members gradually
betook themselves, mostly to deeper and deeper water on the one
hand, but also, though perhaps more tentatively and gradually, to
fluviatile and terrestrial conditions on the other.
Now the first requirement of a soft-bodied animal, and especially of
one considered by its fellows to be good eating, is protection. In
early days, however, enemies were far fewer than now, and it was
rather from the force of the elements that preservation was needed.
This first requirement is supplied by the shell, and all three types,
univalve, bivalve, and multivalve, make their appearance early in the
history of the race.
The last named, the Chitons, first occur in the Ordovician (Prisco-
chiton). ‘They are, however, a conservative race, and have not
materially changed their form since those far-off days. Still, taking
the Amphineura as a whole, the class shows a desire to disburden
itself of its coat-of-mail. Through the successive genera of one branch
of the Polyplacophora (Acanthochites, Amicula, Cryptochiton, and
Cryptoplax) the component plates become wider and wider apart,
and the whole animal more vermiform, while in the worm-like
Aplacophora the shell has disappeared, though numerous calcareous
spicules remain scattered over the mantle.
As regards the Gastropoda, when it is borne in mind that the
embryonic shell is nautiloid and exogastric (and allowing for the
gastropod peculiarity of spiral torsion, which is a deep-seated
phenomenon, foreshadowed early in the cleavage of the egg-cell), the
number and variety of forms assumed in the adult state is remarkable.
Seeing that departures from this embryonic and therefore primitive
type are pronounced, even in the earliest known gastropods, it is not
possible to say how far environment or other forces may have played
part in their development. Certain elongate forms like Zerebra would
seem a positive disadvantage to the animal, and still more so to the
Hermit-crab, who, with mistaken notions of levity, occupies an empty
example.
Nevertheless, certain broad characteristics are observable. Primarily
among the inhabitants of a rough foreshore the massive strength of
the shell is noticeable, the object being, of course, to withstand the
battering action of the waves and hard substances like stones cast up
by them.
248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
To this end the conical form of the tests of Patella and Fissurella is
admirably adapted, hence the recurrence of this particular shape in
widely different molluscs. Thus it reappears in the Capulide,
a family dating back in time as far as do the Docoglossa, the
Hipponycide ; Ancylus and Acrolocus, which in swift running waters
are liable, only in a lesser degree, to the same troubles as the marine
surf dwellers ; and more strikingly still in those pulmonates (Siphonaria
and Gadinia) that have reverted to the marine surf as a habitat. The
patelloid shape is also approximated in the fresh-water genus Septaria,
in which the operculum, being no longer in use, is reduced in size and
buried in the substance of the foot. While a parallel instance, in
a widely different animal, dwelling under similar conditions, is afforded
by the familiar Barnacle.
The early spiral Rhipidoglossates seem mostly to have had stout
shells ; certainly this is the case with the modern Neritide, Turbinide,
Trochide, and their allies. Most of the members of these groups are
furnished with thick opercula, which are not withdrawn far within
the mouth of the shell. With the capacity on the part of the animal,
however, for retreating further and further into the shell and so out
of the more immediate reach of danger of violent injury, the operculum,
always an incumbrance, tends to become less and less ponderous.
Other inter-tidal forms belonging to families higher in the molluscan
scale have also, under the necessity of facing similar conditions,
developed strong shells: such are Lvttorina, Purpura, Nassa, and
among tropical forms Pterocera, Turbinella, and Strombus. The last-
named, indeed, is the most difficult of all shells to break, resisting even
the lusty application of a geological hammer.
When, however, the foreshore is quitted in favour of deeper water,
where no surf ever breaks and where the sea-bottom is composed of
soft sand, or silt, a ponderous shell ceases to be essential for protective
purposes and becomes a positive disadvantage in locomotion. This
drawback is further increased in the case of Gastropoda that are
carnivorous, as the higher forms mostly are, for even the slow-moving
bivalves on which they feed require greater activity to seek out and
capture than a rooted plant. Hence the reduction in shell and
operculum shown by the inhabitants of the laminarian as contrasted
with those of the littoral zone.
The process continuing as specialization proceeds, the shell ever
tends to decrease in size till it remains solely as a protector for the
more vital organs, as in the Tectibranchs, or disappears altogether, as
in the rhipidoglossate Titiscania and the Nudibranchs.
A similar reduction and disappearance take place among the pelagic
forms. Light as Zanthina shells are, they are substantial compared to
the glassy films carried by the Heteropoda and Pteropoda Thecosomata,
while Phyllirhoé and the Pteropoda Gymnosomata have discarded all
covering whatsoever.
The fresh-water Gastropoda, save those few that inhabit turbulent
waters, have, as might be expected, thin shells; but though
Amphipeplea and Physa tend to overflow their shells, an absolutely
shell-less fresh-water gastropod remains to be discovered.
WOODWARD : INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 249
On land heavy shells are certainly at a discount, and though some
such occur among the Auriculidee, in certain species of Strophocherlus,
in Leucochroa (where it serves as a protection against excessive heat),
and many of the Cyclophoride, still, viewed broadly, the tendency, as
might be expected, is toa lightening and diminution of the shell to
the point of disappearance, and this more especially in the carnivorous
and semi-carnivorous forms. In fact, nearly all the families of land-
snails culminate with highly specialized representatives, in which the
shell is not only extremely dwarfed, as in many well-known instances,
but is reduced to an internal vestigeal plate, as in Chlamydophorus
(Testacellide), Zimax and allied genera (Limacide), Metostracon
(Helicidee), Hyalimax (Succineidee ae and Athoracophorus, or to mere
granules, as in Arion, while itis totally wanting in Trigonochlamys,
Pseudomilax, Philomycus, Veronicella, and Oncidium.
The Scaphopod shells do not assist in our present enquiry. The
animals have not materially altered their habits, and the function of
the shell is merely to protect the soft parts from the lateral pressure
of the surrounding silt, and to that end the tubular form is most
suited. The young shell in its very early stages is so deeply cleft as
to be almost bivalve. Unfortun: itely some rec ent textbooks, professedly
founding their information on the translation of Claus’ great work,
have overlooked the ‘almost.’ In the course of growth the apical
portion of the Scaphopod shell is absorbed in proportion as the
aperture is added to, consequently the apical slits in all adult shells,
and the perforations in Schizodentalium, owe their existence to
absorption, and are not due, as in certain Gastropoda, to the inclusion
of quondam marginal slits.
Among the Pelecypoda the shore-frequenters of the older and,
broadly speaking, less specialized types exhibit on the whole stouter
and more convex shells than the later and more specialized ones.
Especially stout are some that have, like Zridacna and Hippopus,
to withstand the full beat of ocean waves; so, too, are those of the
fossil reef-builders of the Rudistes group.
The most primitive form, Nucula, that has come down to us from
palozoic times is without siphons or byssus, but some species of its
near ally, Arca, which boasts an equally long ancestry, have attained
the faculty of mooring themselves by a byssus and so defying the
waters. J/ytilus, which also comes of a family having a long
pedigree, has not a particularly stout test capable of resisting heavy
blows, but it meets the waves with its outwardly directed, sharp,
wedge-shaped shell and cleaves them instead; while it does not
settle, or perhaps, to speak more accurately, does not establish, itself in
spots where it would be lable to damage from stones thrown up by
the sea.
Allusion may here be made to the great inequality of size the
anterior and posterior portions of the body present in certain forms
like Mytilus, and the disappearance pari passu of the anterior adductor
muscle in proportion, as, by the increase of growth in the posterior
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
portion of the body, it is brought more and more into line with the
hinge and posterior adductor muscle, and consequently ceases to be
needful.'
It is possible that in the case of Mytilus the predisposing cause may
be due to the long-continued action of gravity operating on successive
generations of suspended animals, aided perhaps by some other
morphological influence. Whether a similar tendency to mono-
myarianism observable in forms that, like Pecten, Ostrea, ete., rest
on their sides, may be attributable to a like cause is not clear, but it
is at least remarkable that so many of the Monomyaria should be
forms that assume a position out of the normal vertical.
Tridacna, so long a puzzle, and concerning which it was even held
that the animal must have rotated in its shell, has been successfully
shown by Mons. R. Anthony? to be simply a case of a monomyarian
that has taken to live with its umbo downwards. All its anatomical
features correspond closely in arrangement and position with those of
Mytilus, only it occupies a relatively reverse position, and its huge
plastic body tends by its own weight to spread out and consequently
to form a shell that has its longer axis at right angles to that of the
Mytilus shell.
To return, however, to the pelecypod shell. Most of the bivalves,
as a matter of fact, do not live in exposed positions, but burrow more
or less deeply into soft sand or silt. Here those that do not penetrate
to any depth below the surface, and do not live in deep water beyond
the reach of ground swells, are liable to considerable pressure from the
shifting of the loose material that surrounds them. Hence these
generally have acquired stout, more or less globular, shells, as in
Lsocardia, Cardium,* the Veneride, ete.
The disadvantage of this form of shell, of course, is the amount of
muscular power required to force a passage with it down into the
sand. Campbelli (Filhol).
Fic. 21 as im re teeth of radula, magnified.
Figs. 22-23. 5» parviconoidea, Sut. Type. |
»» 24-25. a oo ae teetu of radula, magnified. After Hutton. |
», 26-29 .: * 5, V. nigrostella, Sut.
», 380-31. 5, dedala, Sut. Type.
Fic. a2 a », teeth of radula, magnified. After Hutton.
$5 33. re 5, Subsp. swdtilis, Sut.
Figs. 34-35. » scapha, Sut.
Fic. 36. 5, stella (Less.).
es 37. 55 », teeth of radula, magnified.
Fias. 38-40. a3 5, subsp. corticata, Hutton.
Fia. 41. 5 ms Pa teeth of radula, magnified. After Hutton.
Vol. VII, Pl. XXVII.
Proc. Malac. Soc.
ra)
oe
H. Suter del.
ACMAIDA OF NEW ZEALAND.
327
NUDIBRANCHS FROM NEW ZEALAND AND THE FALKLAND
ISLANDS.
By Sir C. N. E. Extor, K.C.M.G.
Read 14th June, 1907.
PLATE XXVIII.
Tuese notes on New Zealand nudibranchs are based partly on material
kindly sent to me by Mr. Henry Suter and Mr. Charles Cooper, and
partly on P. Abraham’s type-specimens preserved in the British Museum
and most courteously placed at my disposal by Mr. E. A. Smith.
Abraham described very imperfectly a number of old specimens. In
some cases they are so decayed and the descriptions so deficient in
definitely formulated characters that his names can be set aside. In
other cases such as Doris muscula, D. lanuginata, ete., the characters
of the labelled specimens, if not those given in the descriptions, are
sufficiently clear and the names must be respected.
In the nudibranch fauna of both New Zealand and the Falkland
Islands one is struck by the fact that similar or identical forms occur
in the Pacific as well as in the Atlantic on both sides of the equator
outside the tropics, although they are absent or scarce within the
tropics. Thus Acanthodoris pilosa is recorded from the North Atlantic,
_the North Pacific, and New Zealand, and olidia papillosa (or
AY. serotina, a very similar form) from the North Atlantic, North
Pacific, and Falkland Islands. But I think that in cases where the
identity is not absolute, it is better to create or recognize separate
species. Considering how greatly preserved nudibranchs change their
colour and shape, a considerable assumption is always involved in
identifying an alcoholic specimen from the southern hemisphere with
a species from the Northern Atlantic, and, if any points of difference
are found, it seems to me safer to emphasize them, though they may
be minute. Identifications of northern and southern species are
generally accepted without criticism and made the basis of important
theories. The creation of a new species challenges re-examination
and really contains less of the speculative element.
Nevertheless, there can be no doubt that these southern seas contain
a considerable number of forms which are either specifically identical
with northern forms, or so closely allied to them, that they must be
supposed to be sprung from the same immediate ancestors. The same
is true of Antarctic Pteropods (see my report on the collection made
by the ‘ Discovery’), but the coincidence is less noticeable in the case
| of Antarctic nudibranchs, which offer many new types that have not
yet been found elsewhere.! For drawing any general conclusions the
| nudibranchs of New Zealand should probably not be regarded as
1 Archidoris tuberculata is recorded from 65° 5’ S. (Vayssiere), and perhaps Doto
antarctica, Eliot, is Dvto fragilis (Forbes).
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
co
representing a separate province, but be taken in conjunction with the
nudibranchs of South Australia and Tasmania. This fauna seems to
show much the same characters as the New Zealand fauna.
In classification I follow the arrangement of Bergh, but this system
was based chiefly on an examination of forms from the Northern
Atlantic and Pacific, the Mediterranean, and Indo-Pacific, hardly any
specimens from the Southern Atlantic or Southern Pacific being
available. But recent investigations (particularly Bergh’s account of
the Opisthobranchiata of South Africa in the Transactions of the South
African Philosophical Society, vol. xvii, 1907) show that these
southern forms necessitate both additions and rearrangement. As
explained elsewhere,’ I think wider generic definitions advisable and
in particular I should wish both for convenience and correctness of
nomenclature to revive the old name Dor?s and to recognize Staurodoris,
Archidoris, Anisodoris, and Homoiodoris as subgenera of it. To these
subgenera I add in this paper a new one, Ctenodoris, proposed for Doris
Habellifera, Cheeseman, and Staurodoris pecten, Eliot, both characterized
by a peculiar arrangement of the branchie.
The following is a list of New Zealand nudibranchs. It makes no
pretension to bibliographical completeness and merely endeavours
to give the names of such forms as are known with sufficient
certainty to warrant conclusions being drawn as to their distribution.
The forms marked with * are described below :—
Name. DisTRIBUTION.
1. *Stiliger felinus, Hutton ... a ... An allied form, St. bellulus (= St.
Marie), isfoundinthe N. Atlantic.
2. Hervia(?) Corfei, Hutton... se ... Genus recorded from N. Atlantic,
Mediterranean, Ceylon, Amboina,
E. Africa.
3. *Facelina sp. os she Se ... Genus recorded from Atlantic,
Mediterranean, E. Africa, and
California.
4. *Antiopella (= Janus) Novozealandica, n.sp. Genus recorded with certainty only
from N. Atlantic. Janus san-
guineus of Angas is uncertain.
The allied Janolus is recorded |
from California and the Arafura —
Sea.
5. *Alloiodoris lanuginata (Abr.) — ... ... Allied and possibly identical species —
from Tasmania and S. Australia.
6. *Archidoris Wellingtonensis (Abr.) ... Species not recorded from elsewhere. |
Genus probably cosmopolitan, but
most abundant in temperate seas.
7. Sheaths, and a similar radula(23 x 70.00.70). The shape, however,
appears to be different. In any case A. vari@seems to me to be an
» Aphelodoris rather than an Archidoris, for it is one of the characters of
the Archidoridide that the back is tuberculate, or at least granulate.
APHELODORIS AFFINIS, 0.Sp.
One specimen marked Great Barrier Island: 14mm. long, 8 broad,
85 high. It is shaped somewhat as Chromodoris: the sides are high
and the mantle-edge small. The colour is dirty white with irregular
9
O44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
mottlings of dark reddish-brown. The epidermis peels off very readily,
and it is possible that the brown mottlings may have been much more
extensive or even that the dorsal surface may have been wholly brown.
It is quite smooth and presents no trace of warts or granulations.
The foot is large, and the anterior margin is not grooved. The oral
tentacles are white: large, flat, and distinctly grooved. The
rhinophores are purplish-brown and provided with sheaths 1:5 mm.
high. The rim of the branchial pocket is flattened as preserved, but
was probably raised in life. The branchie are purplish-brown, but
the outside of the stems is whitish. They are tripinnate, much
contracted, and apparently consist of five or six plumes, the division in
one place not being clear.
The intestines are yellow, much hardened, and not well preserved,
but the arrangement of the alimentary tract, which is remarkable,
is quite plain, and appears to be natural and not the result of
distortion. The rather long and straight csophagus runs to the
hinder part of the stomach and enters it on the right side. The
stomach, which is somewhat elongate, lies parallel to the cesophagus
on its left side; the long intestine issues from the anterior part of the
stomach, runs across and above the cesophagus, and then describes
a large loop along the right side of the liver. It may possibly be
more correct to regard the slight swelling at the base of the cesophagus
as the true stomach, but the natural description of the organ seems to
me to be that given above. The stomach lies partly in a cleft of the
liver, but is not enclosed by it. The cesophagus is lined with soft
laminee, and the upper wall of the stomach bears very ample lamine
which almost fill it. They are collected in groups so as to form seven
ridges. ‘They are strongest near the exit of the intestine, where they
seem to act as valves.
A blood-gland was found and two small elliptical salivary glands.
They enter the buccal mass in the usual place through their short
ducts, and also seem to taper into a thread-like process at the distal ends.
In the central nervous system the cerebro-pleural ganglia are distinctly
divided into two parts. The pedal ganglia are large and round.
The labial cuticle is darker in some places than in others, but
presents nothing that can be called a labial armature. The formula of ji
the radula is about 23 x 60.0.60. The innermost teeth have long jf
bases and lower hooks than the rest. ‘The teeth increase in size up to |
the middle of the half-row, where they are large, simply hamate, and ©
rather erect. Towards the end of the half-row they decrease in size,
and have low, strongly bent, irregular hooks, but are not denticulate.
No spines or other armature could be found in the genitalia, which
were, however, too much hardened to admit of a proper examination.
Doris Granutosa, Abraham.
Doris granulosa, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 258, pl. xxix,
figs. 1-3, 1877.
Several specimens of this form are in the British Museum, and
appear to correspond with Abraham’s description of the. external | 3
characters. I opened two, but found the internal organs, including |};
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 345
the ribbon of the radula, entirely decayed. Only scattered teeth of the
ordinary hamate type remained.
The form is probably a small Archidoris, perhaps A. nanula, Bergh,
but its appearance in life is unknown, and the preserved specimens
present no characters which would justify identification. The species
can accordingly be neglected.
Doris tonauta, Abraham.
(Abraham: same paper and page as above.)
The same may be said of this form. Like Doris granulosa it has lost
its colour, the intestines are decayed, and it can only be said that
it had rather stout hamate teeth.
Hutton (Trans. New Zeal, Inst., vol. xiii, p. 203, 1881) doubtfully
identifies with D. Jongula specimens deposited by him in the Canterbury
Museum, but his description is not full, and it is difficult to say
whether his animal is really the same as Abraham’s or to what genus
either are referable.
Crromoporis AMa@NA, Cheeseman.
Chromodoris amena, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xviii,
p. 137, 1885.
= Chr. figurata, Bergh: Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 71,
1905.
Four specimens from Whangarei Head, about 80 miles north of
Auckland, sent by Mr. Cooper. The general colour of the dorsal
surface, including the rhinophores and branchise, is greyish-white.
~The margin is marked by a rather broad stripe of lemon-yellow, in
which are seen imbedded a row of round bodies. There are 2-3 rows
of lemon-yellow spots on the sides of the body under the mantle and
traces of coloured areas on the back, which, though now grey and
white like the rest, were perhaps differently coloured in life.
The shape is high and stout, much as in Chr. Sempert. The length
of the largest specimen is 23mm., the height 10mm., the breadth
10°5mm. The free tail is 6mm. long. The margins of the rhino-
phorial and branchial pockets are very slightly raised. The branchise
‘vary from 8 to 10 in number. In one specimen they are bipinnate,
‘being divided into 2-4 plumes at the tip. The tentacles are retracted
_and represented by two pits.
The buccal mass is very large. The labial armature is yellowish-
green, and consists of rods somewhat bent or curved at the tip, which
.in some parts of the armature is bifid, in others entire. The radula
:eonsists of 88 rows, of which four are undeveloped and shadowy, and
there are 100-120 teeth on either side of the rhachis. The rhachis
‘bears a median tooth with a long base and a low cusp, which is not
'denticulate, though of somewhat irregular outline. The first lateral is
-of the shape usual in the genus and is denticulate on both sides,
bearing on the inner side about 4 denticles. The other laterals are
denticulate only on the outer side, the number of denticles being at
lleast 6. Near the end of the rows the main cusp diminishes and the
first denticle increases, so that the tooth appears bifid.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The liver is large and greyish ; there is no stomach outside it.
There can, I think, be little doubt that Bergh’s Chr. figurata (1905)
is the same as the earlier Chr. amena (1885) of Cheeseman. The
agreement in colour and external features is as complete as can be
expected in two descriptions made, one from living and the other from
preserved specimens. Cheeseman’s account of the radula, though
slight, is not inconsistent with the identification, though he describes
it as smaller (65 X 70.1.70). A rough sketch sent by Mr. Cooper
with the specimens represents a pale pinkish Chromodoris, with orange
blotches on the back and yellow spots on the sides. The rhinophores
and the 10 simply pinnate branchie are violet-coloured.
CHROMODORIS AUREO-MARGINATA, Cheeseman.
Chromodoris aureo-marginata, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst.,
vol. xiii, p. 223, 1880.
? = Chr. marginata, Pease: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 30, 1860; and Bergh,
Siboga Expeditie, Opisthobranchiata, p. 150, 1905.
One small specimen from Takapuna, labelled Chr. aureo-marginata,
juv. It is therefore probable that when alive it agreed with
Cheeseman’s description in coloration (pellucid white with a narrow
golden border), as it still does in other respects. It is 12°5 mm. long
and 5°5 broad, flattish in shape, with the mantle fairly wide at the
sides and amply expanded over the head. There seem to be traces of
small low tubercles on the back. The margins of the rhinophorial
pockets are somewhat raised. The branchial pocket is closed and
forms a small papilla. It contains 10 small, simply pinnate branchiee ;
the fifth plume on either side is minute. The foot is rather narrow,
with a simple groove in front. On either side of the mouth is a knob-
like tentacle.
The labial armature is rather faint. It is an imperfect ring composed
of close-set, short, mace-like rods, swollen and bent at the tips. The
radula consists of 50 rows, three of which are imperfectly developed,
containing about 45 teeth on either side of the rhachis, which bears
inconspicuous thickenings. The first lateral is broad and appears 9
trifid, but the prominence on the inner side bears 2-3 denticles. The
second lateral is also broad, but lacks this prominence on the inner |
side. Apart from its greater breadth it has the same shape as the |
other teeth, namely, two large prongs at the apex, and below them |
3-6 denticles, which diminish in size downwards. The outermost
teeth bear about four denticles on the tip. is
This form is nearly allied to Chr. marginata (Pse.), and perhaps jj},
merely a variety of it. The coloration is very similar and the radula
is rather narrow in both species, 50 x 45.1.45 in this specimen, and
54 X 85.1.85 in that examined by Bergh. But the similarity in
coloration is not complete, and there is a difference in the shape of the |,
teeth. In Chr. marginata Bergh found them simply hamate and
denticulate, but in this species the upper denticles are strongly ,
developed, and the teeth appear bifid as in Chr. hilaris and Chr.
pantherina. |
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 347
Dorrpopsts MAMMosa, Abraham.
Doridopsis mammosa, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 266, pl. xxix,
figs. 20-21, 1877.
Three specimens marked by Mr. Suter, ‘‘ Doridopsis mammosa,
Abraham, Hauraki Gulf.” The largest is 46 mm. long, 26 broad,
and 14 high. They are all soft, smooth, and flabby, pale yellow with
black markings. Traces of brighter colour seem to indicate that the
animal is really bright lemon-yellow when alive.
The dorsal surface bears soft tubercles, both large and small. As
preserved, most of them are flattened, but the normal arrangement
seems to be that there are 8 tubercles about 6 mm. high, one between
the rhinophores, one behind the branchiz, and two rows of three each
on either side between the rhinophores and branchie. These larger
tubercles are surrounded by rings of smaller ones, and there are 2-3
lines of smaller ones near the mantle-edge. The back also bears three
rows of lozenge-shaped or irregularly polygonal figures, boldly outlined
in black and contrasting with the yellow surface. The space inside
the black outline is yellow like the rest of the back, and there is a
spot in the centre. ‘Chere are 3-4 of these figures in the centre of
the back between the two lines of large tubercles and 5 on the outer
side of each line near the mantle-edge. The last figures are behind
the branchial pocket and imperfectly developed.
The branchial pocket is shallow, with a few black spots on the floor.
Its edge is distorted in all the specimens, but seems to have had six
lobes, marked by tubercles. The branchie are 6, tripinnate, yellow,
but the rhachides of the extreme ramifications are black. The
rhinophorial sheaths are thin, about 1°5mm. high, not divided or
lobed. The rhinophores are rather large, reflexed, and bear about
30 deep perfoliations. The mantle-edge is fairly ample. The foot
has ample lateral margins, is pointed in front and not grooved. Over
the mouth are two rather broad flat tentacles.
The intestines are mostly yellow. The blood-gland is very large
and yellowish. It lies as preserved not over the central nervous
system but on the right, towards the genitalia. The interior of the
buccal chamber is bluish-black. Out of the buccal cone issues a thin
tube with muscular walls about 4mm. long and 1mm, broad. This
tube passes into a sausage-shaped dilatation with thinner walls, about
6 mm. long and 3:5 broad, which is bent so as to form a circular loop
with the anterior and posterior ends close together. This dilatation is
followed by a constriction and a longish tube about 20 mm. long, and
of irregular diameter (about 3 mm.) on an average, which dilates again
and then enters the liver. The walls of this longish tube are very
thin, and in places reticulate with large irregular meshes, like those
shown in Hancock’s figure of Dorzdopsis.
No salivary glands of the usual type were found, but under the
anterior part of the buccal tube lies a large many-lobed yellow
gland. It has five principal divisions, but it enters the buccal tube
by a single duct.
The central nervous system forms a complete ring surrounding
the end of the thin part of the buccal tube. The ganglia form
348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
a granulate mass and are not separately distinguishable. The buccal
canglia seem to be as in Doridopsis, not as in Doriopsilla.
The stomach is entirely enclosed in the liver, which is yellow within
and without, not very compact, cleft behind, and attached to the floor
of the body-cavity by a muscular strap. The hermaphrodite gland does
not differ from the liver conspicuously in colour. The heart is as
usual in the genus. At the point where it is attached to the peri-
cardium is the so-called pericardial gill—a line about 6mm. long
of yellowish lamelle, each about 2mm. wide.
The ampulla of the hermaphrodite gland is stout and brownish.
After about 10 mm. comes the bifurcation. The male branch at first
covers the spermatotheca with thick soft coils; this part of it would
probably be about 60 mm. long if stretched out. It then passes into
a thinner portion with strong muscular walls, which enters the penis
sac. ‘The presence of an armature was not satisfactorily demonstrated.
Some rather large transparent prominences were found on the lower
vas deferens, but could not be isolated, nor is it certain that they were
hard. Inthe female branch a thin tube runs from the bifurcation to
the spermatotheca, which is very large and almost sessile on the duct.
It is full of spermatozoa and has very thin walls. The spermatocyst
is small. It is in all probability naturally pear-shaped, but the
contents are squeezed up into the top so as to make it appear globular.
It has a very long duct. On the vagina is a vestibular gland.
Doripopsts crrrina, Cheeseman.
Doridopsis citrina, Cheeseman: Trans. New Zeal. Inst., vol. xiii,
p. 223, 1880. ,
Seven specimens. The largest is 24mm. long, 7°5 high, and
18 broad, but the real breadth is greater, the mantle-margin ‘being
folded. ‘The animals are flattish in appearance, moderately “soft, and
of a uniform pale yellow.
The back is covered with numerous well-developed tubercles of
rather irregular shape and size, and sometimes confluent; near the
margin the tubercles are smaller and the intervals between them
larger. The rims of the rhinophorial and branchial pockets are slightly
raised, thin, and not tuberculate. The branchie are 5 and tripinnate.
The mantle-margin is fairly ample, and in places shows spicules
arranged in a reticulate pattern, but the integuments are thick and not
very transparent. ‘The spicules are of various sizes and shapes, such
as straight and smooth ; straight with a projection on one side,
V-shaped and Y-shaped. The foot is fairly broad, not much pointed
before or behind. In some specimens, but not in all, a groove can be
seen on its anterior margin.
The central nervous system is as in Doridopsis, not as in Doriopsilla.
The buccal ganglia are set at some distance behind the main mass of
the nerve-collar. From the buccal cone issues a tube which describes
a fairly large loop to the left and then contracts. At this point are
the buccal ganglia united to the anterior nerve centres by fairly long
connectives which run across the end of the loop. The tube does not
ELIOT : NUDIBRANCHS OF NEW ZEALAND. 349
present the abrupt transitions seen in Doridopsis mammosa, and is of
a more uniform breadth, but its essential structure seems to be the
same, It shows one constriction at the point where the buccal ganglia
are set and a second just before it enters the liver. After this second
constriction comes a small globular dilatation.
The intestines are pale yellow. The liver is very large, cleft
behind, and extending right into the anterior part of the body, where
it lies under the buccal organs. It is somewhat lighter outside owing
to the layer of the hermaphrodite gland which covers it. The
genitalia are small. A prostate is present. The vas deferens and
glans penis are very thickly covered with minute, slightly bent spines,
resembling the hamate teeth of Dorids, but rather more elongate.
This form closely resembles Doridopsis fulva of MacFarland (Nudib.
Moll. of Monterey Bay in Bull. of Bureau of Fisheries, Washington,
vol, xxv, p. 130, 1905). If they are identical, Cheeseman’s name
(1880) has priority.
GontoporIs PuNcTATA, B.
Goniodoris punctata, Bergh: Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2,
p: 91, 1905:
Two specimens from Akaroa Harbour, near Lyttelton, in the South
Island. They are about 6°5 mm. long and of a uniform yellowish-
green without any trace of the red spots found in Bergh’s specimens.
The dorsal margin has a jagged appearance, as it is marked by a line
of 7-10 simple lancet-shaped processes on each side. Similar processes
are found on the frontal margin. On the dorsal surface are scattered
tubercles, about 5 in front of the rhinophores and 20 between the
rhinophores and branchiz. The part behind the branchiz is smooth.
The tubercles form three extremely irregular rows, of which that in
the middle is most definite. Bergh describes it as a Kamm, but it is
evidently not so well developed in my specimens as in those which he
examined. The head is produced into a blunt projection on either
side. The foot is not grooved in front and not produced at the
corners. The rhinophores are rather large; they bear about 10
perfoliations and show no trace of sheaths or pockets. The branchiz
are 5 or 6, scanty and bipinnate.
The internal organs are as described by Bergh. On the labial
cuticle is a ring (apparently consisting of two semicircles which
nearly meet) composed of small rods with tips sometimes entire and
sometimes divided. The formula of the radula is 31 x 2.0.2. The
teeth are transparent. The inner tooth is large and bears at least 20
denticles. The outer tooth is a small plate, bearing in most cases
a single low but distinct cusp.
ACANTHODORIS MOLLICELLA, Abraham.
Acanthodoris mollicella, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 262, pl. xxx,
figs. 1-4, 1877.
One of Abraham’s specimens examined. The external characters
are as described by him. The dorsal papillae are somewhat longer
than usual. Two of the denticulations on the rhinophore sheath are
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
long and flat. The colour is a uniform olive-brown. The lateral ends
of the oral veil are large and free. The spines in the integuments are
much bent and irregular, but not branched.
The labial armature with its cuticular blades is as usual in the
genus. It is composed of little columns split into three or four
denticles at the top, and presents a very rough surface, almost lke
aradula. The formula of the radula is about 24 x6+1.0.1446.
The first laterals are large with rather blunt tips and bear 4-5
denticles. The second, third, and fourth laterals are erect, and retain
the hamate form. The fifth and sixth are plates. The vas deferens
is long and bears a transparent armature which is difficult to see, but
is apparently composed of disks bearing spines.
I think that this is probably the 4. pilosa, var. Novoxealandia, of
Bergh (Mal. Unt. in Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 94, 1905), but doubt
if it is really the same species as A. pilosa, though undoubtedly nearly
allied. The dorsal papille are longer, and there are differences in the
rhinophore sheaths, labial armature, and radula.
AcANTHODORIS GLoBosA, Abraham.
Acanthodoris globosa, Abraham: Proce. Zool. Soc., p. 262, pl. xxx,
figs. 5-9, 1877
One of Abraham’s specimens examined. The external characters
are as described by him, but it looks to me as if the animal had
originally been black or bluish. The integuments are very thin, the
dorsal tubercles sparsely scattered, and two of the processes on the
rhinophore sheaths are larger than the others. The underside of the
mantle is marked with reddish lines formed by spicules.
The internal organs are not well preserved, but the buccal parts are
clear. Contrary to Abraham’s statement, the labial armature with the
two blades is quite distinct. It is formed of mace-lke elements,
swollen below the tip, but ending in a point and not denticulate or
divided. They are set in unusually regular rows. The formula of
the radula is about 34 X 7+1.0.1+7. The first lateral is of the
usual shape and bears 38—4 denticles. The second to the sixth laterals
are all erect, and, though much smaller than the first, retain something
of the hamate shape. The seventh is a flat plate. No armature could
be found in the genitalia. The vas deferens is long.
This is possibly identical with A. metulifera, Bergh (Mal. Unt. in
Semper’s Reisen, vi, 2, p. 98, 1905), described from a single specimen
obtained in Tasmania, but there are differences of detail in the radula
and labial armature.
NUDIBRANCHS FROM THE FALKLAND ISLANDS.
The small collection of Nudibranchs here described were all collected
by Mr. Valentine, and, it would seem, all in Stanley Harbour, Falkland
Islands. ‘Two of them had been deposited in the Museum of Manchester
University and were given me by Dr. Hoyle; for the rest I am indebted
to Mr. Valentine himself.
The species are as follows :—
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 351
Name. DisTRIBUTION.
1. Molidia serotina, Bergh (? =A. papiliosa)... An identical or closely allied species
is recorded trom the N. Atlantic,
the N. Pacific, and Chile.
2. Cratena Valentini, n.sp.... at ..» Genus probably cosmopolitan :
abundant in N. Atlantic and
recorded from Chile.
3. Galvina Falklandica, n.sp. ... sie ... Closely allied to G. flava from the
N. Atlantic or identical.
4. Coryphella Falklandica, n.sp. sis ... Closely allied to C. lineata from
N. Atlantic or identical.
5. Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh... ... Off the coast of Chile.
6. Diaulula vestita (Abraham)... 500 ... W. coast of Patagonia and Straits
of Magellan, closely allied form
from California.
. Staurodoris Falklandica, n.sp. os ... § The genera are well represented in
. Acanthodoris Falklandica, u.sp. { the N. Atlantic.
The Falkland Islands are considerably farther south than New
Zealand (Stanley is about 50° 8.), and it is therefore natural that there
should be no tropical element in the fauna. Two points are noticeable
in the short list given above. Firstly, all the genera but one (and that
a very doubtful identification) are characteristic of the North Atlantic,
and three of the species are closely allied to and possibly identical
with British forms. Secondly, two of the species are recorded from
the coast of Chile, so that the cast and west sides of the more
southern portion of South America must have, to some extent at least,
a common fauna.
ont
oripr1a sERoTINA, Bergh.
Aolidia serotina, Bergh: Beitr. zur Kennt. der Aeolidiaden, i, p. 619,
1874; id., ‘* Molidia (? var.) pacifica, n.sp.?” Nudib. of North
Pacific, part i, p. 127, 1879; parti, p. 1381; id., Molidia papillosa
(= 4. serotina), in Bull. of Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, p. 127,
1894; id., Molidia serotina, Zool. Jahrb. Supp. IV, Fauna
Chilensis, Bd. i, p. 541, pl. xxxi, figs. 26-31.
Three specimens, one marked Stanley Harbour.
The largest is grey and 30°5 mm. long, but is evidently much bent
and contracted. It measures 30mm. across the pericardium. The
foot is strongly grooved in front, but not produced into projecting
angles. In the middle of the back there are 15 distinct rows of
cerata, set upon well-marked ridges. In all there seem to be about
40 rows, but they are much crowded near the rhinophores and tail.
The bare space on the back is large and measures 12 X 5°5 mm. in the
best preserved specimen, which is not the largest, and only 19mm.
long and 15 broad. The cerata are flat and not transparent. The
anus is dextro-dorsal. The rhinophores are fairly long and stout in
the best preserved specimens; wrinkled, but not perfoliate. The oral
tentacles are also stout, and set far apart on the sides of the head.
The jaws are strong and bear no denticles. The radula consists of
a single row of 18 teeth of the usual pectinate shape; the largest is
about 1°5 broad. The basal strip is narrow from top to bottom, and
not strongly curved or arched. The smallest bear 24 denticles, the
ou2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
largest 38-40. There is no trace of bilobation, except that the middle
of the tooth is generally marked by two denticles set in a V shape.
The denticles are often broken or blunted, and it would appear that
even when perfect they do not slope symmetrically to a point. The
teeth are much like those of the #olidia serotina found by Plate in
Chile, and figured by Bergh (Opisth. Plate, Taf. xxxi, 26-31).
With that animal the present specimens seem to be identical. The
large bare space on the back, the absence of projecting corners to the
foot, and the shape of the teeth are points of resemblance. The radula
was much longer in Plate’s specimen, but about the same (22) in the
one from Valparaiso described by Bergh in 1874.
Is this species identical with olidia papillosa? Bergh (see the
references above) seems to have held different opinions on this point,
but in his latest notice of the form (1898) he registers it as a distinct
species. In this, as in other cases, it is perhaps safest to separate
specimens coming from such widely different localities and known
only in their preserved condition.
On the other hand, the three known species of Wolidia (42. papillosa,
Hf. serotina, Chile and Falkland Islands, 4. hereulea, California) show
few decided differences, and Bergh considers that the true Molidia
papillosa is found on the west coast of North America. 4. serotina is
said to be reddish when alive, but this need not be a specific difference,
for I have seen large specimens of <2. papillosa at Plymouth of a fine
rosy-gray with greenish cerata.
Cratena VALENTINI, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Figs. 4, 5.
Several specimens. As preserved they are white or brownish.
A coloured figure (Fig. 5) by Mr. Valentine represents a mottled
Afolid of stiff and irregular appearance, characters also found in the
preserved specimens.
The larger specimens are about 10mm. long, 3 broad, including the
cerata, and 2°5 high to the top of the pericardium. The body looks
tuberculate, especially at the sides, but this is due merely to the
hermaphrodite gland showing through. There is no tail to speak of
distinct from the body. The foot is apparently without natural
projections at the anterior corners, but as preserved it varies greatly.
The rhinophores and tentacles are of moderate size, wrinkled, but not
really perfoliate. The cerata are not set opposite one another, which
gives the whole animal an irregular appearance. There are 5-6 large
ovate cerata, and at the base of each, generally a lttle behind it,
a very small one. The hepatic diverticula are yellowish, not much
branched, but bearing knobs. The anus hes on the mght side, just
below the dorsal margin; a little in front of it is the renal pore.
Three radule examined consisted of a single row of 22, 24, and
25 colourless transparent teeth respectively (Fig. 4). They have
a moderately large central cusp bearing 7-8 denticles in the front
teeth and 9 in those behind. The edge bearing these denticles forms
a shelf distinctly on a lower level than the median and hinder part of
the teeth, and only the first denticles are set on the same level as the
central cusp.
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 358
The yellow membranous jaws bear a row of large irregular denticles.
The tips are generally square and blunt, but sometimes split or
fringed.
From a series of sections made it appears that there is a chitinous
armature on the penis, but whether it is a spine or a tube could not
be determined.
This species seems intermediate between Amphorina and Cratena.
It has ovate cerata and a style or tube on the penis, features which
ally it to Amphorina, but on the other hand the radula is not, as usual
in that genus, long and tapering. It may perhaps be referred to
Cratena. It does not seem to be Cr. Cavance or Cr. pusilla recorded
from Chile.
Gatvina Farxuanpica, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 6.
Three specimens and also some spawn consisting of smail white
coils attached to hydroids. The coils are short and stout, semicircular
or imperfectly circular, but never more complicated.
The animals are elongate, the largest 8 mm. long and 2 broad. The
height is 2°75 to the tip of the pericardium, and the foot extends
2mm. behind the last cerata. The first is white and the integuments
colourless, but the whole animal appears yellow or fawn-coloured,
owing to the hepatic diverticula and hermaphrodite gland showing
through.
The foot is rounded in front, without lateral projections, and
apparently connected with the head. The rhinophores (3 mm.) are
much longer than the oral tentacles (about 1mm.), wrinkled, but
not really perfoliate. Behind them are visible two black eyes. The
cerata are long (2'75—3 mm.), and longer in the smaller than in the
larger specimens. They are rather stout, but hardly ovate, very
erect, and somewhat as in Trinchese’s figure of Galvina flava
(olidide del Porto di Genova, vol. ii, pl. xxix, figs. 2-3). The
plan of arrangement is not plain, but they are apparently set in about
6 groups, each containing 4 cerata as a maximum. The anus is
lateral and rather far forward.
The jaws bear a single row of coarse denticles. In two specimens
dissected the radula was found to consist of forty rows, tapering
considerably, and each containing three teeth. The median tooth
(Fig. 6a) bears a central cusp with four denticles on either side. The
central cusp is much depressed, so that its point hes below the level of
the lateral denticles, with the result that from certain points of view
the tooth appears to be bilobed with no central cusp at all. It can,
however, be found by focussing in all the rows. The side teeth
(Fig. 66) are of the shape usual in the genus, but rather thin and
tall. Their outline is curved, not rectangular.
The dentition of this species is not unlike that of G@. flava,
G. viridula, and G. rupium, and it is possible that it may be
identical with the first of these, but until further information about
the living animal is forthcoming I think it safer to register it as
a separate species.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
CoryPHELLA Fatxzanpica, n.sp. Pl. XXVIII, Fig. 7.
Cf. C. lineata, A. & H.: Monograph., Fam. 3, pl. xvi; Vayssiére,
Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Marseille, p. 73, 1886.
Three specimens seem referable to this form. ‘The largest is
16 mm. long, 9 wide across the cerata and pericardium, with a bare
space on the back measuring 9 X 4mm. Im colour they are
uniformly yellowish or greenish white, with traces of white lines on
the tail of one specimen.
As preserved, the animals are probably less elongate than in life.
The head and foot are broad; the tail short, but distinct and without
cerata ; the margins of the foot and mantle well developed ; the anterior
margin of the foot slightly bilobed, and grooved with short but distinct
projections at the corners. The rhinophores and tentacles are thick,
the latter set rather far back, in many cases showing artificial wrinkles,
but not really perfoliate. The largest cerata are inside, as much as
6mm. long; the outermost are mere tubercles. No clear arrange-
ment in transverse rows can be made out, but the cerata are set all along
the side of the back in 4—6 irregular longitudinal lines. They vary
ereatly in transparency; the hepatic diverticula within them, when
visible, are yellowish, smooth, and extend almost to the tip. The
larger cerata are somewhat sunken in the middle and pointed at the
tip, but not very symmetrical in shape. The genital orifice is just
under the rhinophores ; the anus hes about half-way between the
head and tail, immediately under the mantle-margin. The eyes are
minute and invisible externally.
The jaws have a bright metallic lustre, and bear at least 10 rows of
small pyramidal denticles. The radula consists of 11-12 rows, each
containing three teeth of the shape usual in the genus. The median
tooth (Fig. 7a) has a horse-shoe base and a central cusp with 6-8
lateral denticles. The usual number is 7, but they vary both in
number and shape. On some teeth they are much more curved than on
others, and their edge is sometimes finely striated. In all cases there
are two denticles rather high up, but sometimes the cusp rises smooth
and clear-cut above them, in others it bears an extra pair of denticles.
The lateral teeth (Fig. 75) are thin and straight; the base is hollowed
out, and the tip is sometimes bent a little back. They bear 14-16
(usually 14) saw-like denticles on the inside. This serrulation is
often irregular and rudimentary, ill-formed denticles being found
among more perfect ones.
This form is nearly allied to several species from the Northern
Atlantic and Mediterranean, and may even be identical with C. lineata,
but the colour and markings of the living animal are unknown, and
I register it provisionally as a new species.
TrIToNIA CHALLENGERIANA, Bergh.
Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh: Challenger Reports, vol. x, pt. 26,
Nudibranchiata, p. 45.
Eight specimens from the Falkland Islands. The notes allude to
one being red and one white. Most of them are obviously bent and
ELIOT: NUDIBRANCHS OF FALKLAND ISLANDS. 300
distorted, but the real shape is probably linguiform with a tail, and
the largest, if straightened out, would be about 45 mm. long and 17 wide.
As preserved, some are white and some are green; the back is covered
with low soft warts, which are clearest near the tail. The rhinophore
sheaths are of moderate size, reflexed and not digitate. The frontal
veil bears 10-15 processes. On either side of the body is a continuous
row of 16-19 small branchial tufts, but the number is not always
identical on the two sides. The tufts consist of 2-8 main stems
bearing secondary branches, with small tertiary branches here and
there. The jaws are olive-green, with 7-8 rows of very distinct
denticles. The radula examined consisted of 42 rows with a maximum
formula of 45+1+1-+1-+445. The median teeth are tricuspid
and hollowed out behind, the first lateral stout and rather clumsy,
the rest rather elongate and curved near the tips.
Dravtoura vestita (Abraham).
Doris vestita, Abraham: Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 252, pl. xxviii, figs. 5, 6,
1877. = Diaulula Sandiegensis, var. pallida, Bergh: Bull. of
Mus. of Comp. Zool. Haryard, p. 172, 1894.
I have examined two specimens of this form, one obtained by
Mr. Valentine in the Falkland Islands and one from the Straits of
Magellan, preserved in the British Museum and described by Abraham
as Doris vestita. The specimens agree in both external and internal
features, but the intestines are somewhat decayed in both.
The larger (Mr. Valentine’s) is 45 mm. long, 22 broad, and 18 high,
but the real breadth was probably much greater, as the ample mantle-
edge (9mm. broad in some places) is turned inwards. In both
specimens there are rents in the mantle which make it probable that
autotomy was commencing when the animals died. The texture is
spiculous, much harder and rougher in one specimen than the other.
The colour is whitish with here and there a yellowish tinge.
There is no trace of a dorsal ridge or keel, but the back is covered
with small, flat-topped tubercles of various sizes, the largest not more
than ‘75 mm. high and ‘5 mm. broad. They are full of spicules, about
seven of which project from the top of each and form a sort of crown.
These spicules, which are also found in great quantities in the rest of
the integuments, are long, colourless, slender, and fairly straight, not
branched or swollen. The rhinophorial pockets are closed, but appear
to have been protected by rather high sheaths with denticulate
edges. The margin of the branchial pocket shows indistinct undulations
or jags, five in one specimen, nine in the other. The branchi are
much contracted, short, stout, and bi- or tripimnate. They may be
counted as either nine or five, according as the smaller plumes are
reckoned as independent or as subdivisions. The foot is grooved and
notched in front. The tentacles are small and digitate.
The intestines are yellowish. On the labial cuticle is a collection of
granules forming a grey strip, which has not, however, in either
specimen the usual appearance of a labial armature, and does not
contain rods or hooks. The radula is small, consisting of 20 and
22 rows, which contain respectively 31 and 26 yellowish teeth on
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
either side of the rhachis, as a maximum. The innermost are low
with blunt tips. The teeth increase in size outwards: the first
5-6 are small, the rest rather large; about the middle of the half row
are generally one or two teeth markedly taller than the rest. The one
or two outermost are thin and erect, but not tall.
The stomach is not enclosed in the liver, and is laminated internally.
The central nervous system is as in Archidoris. The pedal ganglia are
round; the cerebral and pleural divisions are not very distinctly
separated; the buccal ganglia are elliptical, strongly granulated, and
united by a short commissure; the gastro-cesophageal ganglia are
united to them by short connectives and irregularly globular. The
genitalia also seemed much as in Archidoris, and entirely without
armature. The upper part of the vas deferens is soft and much coiled ;
the lower part is straighter and muscular. ‘The spermatotheca is large
and round; the spermatocyst elongate. 336
3806 | Liotide . ; : oe i
Lydiphnis, n.subgen. : : . 20
M.
61
5 | Malluviumn, n.subgen. » Sl, 22
310 | Iangilia Beckeri, u.sp. (fig.) . 38
264 biplicata, n.sp. (fig) «nd
66 eburnea, n.sp. (fig.) . a) 8)
Marginella subflava, v.sp. (fig.) . 36
— (Volvaria) anydrozona,
n.sp. (fig.). . : : a 246
63. = eumorpha,
992 N. Sp. (fig. ) . . . 76
“91 | Alartensia Bowkere, n.sp. (fig.) . #88
Matthews, E.H.V. . : -- all
Melania Browni, n.sp. (fig.) 266
260 curvicosta, var. Pres-
= toniana, n.var. (fig.) : «all
260) Kelantanensis, n.sp. (fig.) 267
Melvilli, n.sp. (fig.). 267
Nove- Hibernia, n.sp.(fig.) 266
Sykesi, u.sp. (fig.) . + Bo
Melvill, J. C., ‘A revision of the
species of Cyclostrematidie and
Liotiidee occurring in the Persian
119 Gulf and North Arabian Sea’. 20
INDEX 369
PAGE PAGE
Melvill, J. C., ‘ Descriptions of Oliva Smithi, n.sp. (fig.) . > aif
Cyclostrema Prestoni and Nassa Onithochiton Ashbyi, n. sp: (fig:) = 92
Tindalli, n.spp., from Ceylon’ 29 nodosus, n.sp. (tig.) 297
‘Descriptions of thirty- t Orthoceras angulifer um, Arch. &
one Gastropoda and one Secapho- Vern. (fig.) - 290
pod from the Persian Gulf and t Ostrea curvirostris, Wnlceon (fig.) 282
Gulf of Oman’ 69
- ‘Capulus lissus, Smith, as P.
type of a proposed new subgenus
(Malluwium) of Amalthea, Paludestrina Jenkinsi (Smith) 203
Schumacher ’ : 81 | Papuina complanata, u.sp. (fig.) 234
‘ Description of a new Parastrophia filum, n.sp. (fig.) . 80
species of Latirus’ 217 | Pearl oyster culture and ee
Mitra Brettinghami, w.sp. 124 (Haynes) 61
(Pusia) aceincta, n.sp.(fig.) 300 | Pearls in Haliotis and “Peeten 311
Mopalia australis, n.sp. (fig.) 215 | Phidiana longicirrha, n.sp. (fig.). 156
Mormula excellens, n.sp. (fig) 302 | Pilsbry, H. A., ‘On Chloritis
t Mourlonia carinata Vv. Sowerby) heteromphalus, Pilsbry ’ 196
(fig.) ‘ F . 287 | Pincerna, noy. subgen. 206
Mueronalia bizonula, n. “Sp. (fig.) 72 liratula, n.sp. (fig.) 206
lepida, n.sp. (fig.) 73 | Planispira (Trachiopsis) aeuti-
Mumniola epibathra, v.sp. “(ig.) 72 costata, n.sp. (fig.) . : 362
t+ Mylne Collection, Post- Pliocene ‘ Vlanorbis Sagocnsis, n.sp. (tig.) 129
Mollusea : A . 261 | t+ Platyostomella Scotoburdigalensis,
R. Etheridge, jun. (fig.) . 287
N. Pleurotoma abbreviata, Reeve, var.
Lifuensis, nov. var. (fig.). 300
Nassa (Alectryon) Us aee n.sp. + ——— Pareoraensis, n.sp.
(fig.) 76 (fig.) . : C : . 208
(Hima) Tindalli, n. sp. (tig.) 29 | Plewrotomella (?) builioides, n.sp.
Nevilliana, n.sp. (fig.) B4 (figs) Fs A : F 178
t Natica cincta, Phillips (fig.) . 284 gregaria, u.sp. (fig.) 180
{ Naticopsis harpula (Vo they C lusitanica, n.sp. (fig.) . 181
Sowerby) (fig.) c - 290 | LPloe amopherus Madere (Lowe) (fig.) 160
Neocyclotus depressus, n.sp. (fig.) . 9 | Polyplacophora of New Zealand 293
Peruvianus, n.sp. (fig.). 98 | ft Polytropina helicina (Lindstrom)
Neptunea antiqua : . 68 (fig.) - : : : a el
t Neritina concava, J. de C. Ponsonby, J. H., ‘ Description of
Sowerby (fig.) . , . » 282 two new species of Helicoid
Newton, R. B., ‘ Note on Swain- Land-Shells from German New
son’s genus Volutilithes’ 100 Guinea ’ 224
‘Relics of Coloration in ‘ Porcupine’ Mollusea. 173
Fossil Shells ’ . 280 | Preston, H. B., ‘ Descriptions ot
Nudibranchs from Falkland Is. 350-361 four new species of marine shells,
from New Zealand . 827-850 probably from Ceylon’ . 24
‘Description of a new
O. species of Limnea trom North-
West Australia ’ 36
Obituary notices 64, 66, 67, 245 ‘On a small collection
Octopus with branching arms 310 of land and fresh-water shells
Odostomia (Miraida) ima, n.sp. from Uganda, with descriptions
(ig: : : : 5 ile) of a new species of Martensia
———_ (Pyrqulina) hervierioides, and two new species of Limi-
n.sp. (fig.) : a UG colaria’ : : : = 388
= tenerrima, ‘ Description of a new
n.sp. (fig.) : : Bo tts subgenus and species of sae
= thelwinoa, from Ke-lan-tan ’ . 206
n.sp. (fig.) é 5 (0) ‘ Descriptions of four
Oliva ispidula, var. longispira, new species of Melania trom
n.var. (fig.) 195 New Ireland and Ke-lan-tan ’ 266
370
Pseudhelicina, in. .
t Pse sudomelania ‘Heddingtonensis
(J. Sowerby) (fig.) :
Pterocyclus aspersus, D.8p. (fig.)
Re
Reynell, A., on Cassidaria rugosa
—— ‘On Burtoa Nilotica
(Pfr.) and its see to
Achatina, ete.’ : j
Rhytida Bednalli, n. sp. (fig.)
Rimmer, R., obituary notice
Rostanga Evansi, usp. (tig.) ;
muscula (Abraham) (fig.)
8.
Sealaria eanephora, n.sp. (fig.)
Tene: bona, D.sp.
(fig’.) -
Seginentina " Kennardi, n.sp. * (fig)
Siphonaria eyancomaculata, n.sp.
(fig.) :
Smith, E. A.,
antiqua’
‘Note on Neptunea
‘Note on the subgenus
Malluvium, Melvill’
‘Notes on some species
of Mitridee, with the description
of M. Bretlinghami, nsp..
‘Note on Fistulana
mumia perforating a valve of a
Dosinia : : : :
‘Note on Paludestrina
Jenkinsi’
‘Description of a new
species of Calliostoma from South
Formosa ’ :
— ¢ Note on an ‘‘ Octopus” as
with branching arms ’
‘Note on the occurrence
of Pearls in Haliotis gigantea and
Pecten sp. : , é
‘Notes on Achatina
Dennisoni, Reeve, and A.
magnifica, Pteiffer’
Solen Fonesii, anatomy
viridis, anatomy . :
Soletellina Hedleyi, n.sp. (fig.)
Sowerby, G. B., ‘On new species
of Siphonaria, Terebra, and
Mangilia, and a_ remarkable
form of Cyprea eruenta, from
8. Africa’
: Descriptions of new
marine Mollusca from New
Caledonia, etc.’ :
ares clytotropis, n. sp. (fig.)
(?) megalaeme, n.sp. (fig)
Melvilli, n.sp. (fig.)
INDEX.
Staurodoris atypica, n.sp. (fig.)
-—— Falklandica, u.sp.
Stiliger felinus, Hutton 3 :
Uae sublobata Cae
Ng.)
Suter, sii Descriptions of some
Tertiary Shells from New
Zealand ”
‘ Descriptions ‘of six new
species of shells and of
Re lintea, Hutton, from
New Zealand’ : :
‘ Descriptions of new
Non- Marine Shells from New
Zealand ’.
“Notes on New Zealand
Polyplacophora, with descrip-
tions of five new species ’ .
‘Review of the New Zea-
land Acmeeidie, with descriptions
of new species and subspecies ’
Swanton, G. W., ‘On the locality
of the “Melanotie Helicigona
arvbustorum’ .
Sykes, E. R., ‘A Pteropod ‘alias’
“On the Mollusca procured
during the ‘‘ Porcupine”? Ex-
peditions, 1869-1870. Supple-
mental Notes, Part III’
‘On the Dates of Publica-
tion of Sowerby’s ‘* Mineral
Conchology”’? and ‘‘ Genera of
Recent and Fossil Shells” ’
‘The name Bourcieria’ .
tSyneyclonema Sower Sa tery
fig.)
es “nola aperanta, n. sp. (fig.)
clavellosa, n.sp. (fig.)
Ale
Tagelus divisus, anatomy (fig.) 221,
gibbus, anatomy (fig.) 218,
Tellina ae es n.sp.
fig :
Terebra Filmere, n. sp. (fig.)
Tethys Burnupi, n.sp. (tig.)
operta, n.sp. (fig.)
Triphora eupunctata, isp. (fiz)
fuscoapicata, n.sp. (tig.)
fuscozonata, n.sp. (fig.)
Tritonia Challengeriana, Bergh
mosta, Bergh, var. pal-
lescens, n.var. (fig.) . 5
Troe homorpha erustulun, Cox (fig. )
Turbonilla Hermia, n.sp. (fig.)
(Pyrgostylis) Delia, n.sp.
(fig.) . é : . :
U.
Unio Pajakomboensis, n.sp. (fig-)
173
191
312
288
73
73
260
260
212
37
52
41
301
301
B01
354
133
230
74
73
16
We
Vallonia miserrima, usp. (fig...
Venericardia (Pleur omeris) Bol-
lonsi, n.sp. (fig.)
t Ver tigo par cedentata, Al. Braun
t Volutilithes muricina (Lam.) (fig.)
pertusa, Swains. (fig.)
t+ Volutospina, a.m. .« : :
Volvula compacta, n.sp. (fig.)
W.
Woodward, B. B., ‘On the Dates
of Publication of C. L. F. von
Sandberger’s ‘‘ Die Land- und
Susswasser - Conchylien — der
Vorwelt.”’ ’ ; :
INDEX.
PAGE
307
211
119
100
101
108
19
killer ’
Woodward, B. B., ‘On the Dates
of Publication of J. D. Wilhelm
Hartmann’s ‘‘ Erd- und Siiss-
wasser-Gasteropoden ”’ ”
‘Cement as a Slug-
‘On some | GE Feeding-
tracks”? of Gastropods ’
‘ What evolutionary
processes do the Mollusca
show ¢ ’? (Inaugural Address)
see Kennard, A. 8., and
Woodward, B. B. . 119, 261, :
X.
Xesta cornicen, n.sp. (fig.) .
Wanganensis, Cox. (fig.)
Printed by Stephen Austin § Sons, Ltd., Hertford.
PROCEEDINGS :—
Vol. VII. No.1.
MARCH, 1906.
PROCEEDINGS
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OF LONDON.
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PAPERS.
COTE eaNE ES...
Ordinary Meetings :
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January 12th, 1906
Notes :—
On the Dates of Publication of
J. D. Wilhelm Hartmann’s
‘« ird- und Stisswasser-Gastero-
poden.”” By B. B.Woopwarp,
F.L.S.
On the Dates of Publication of
C. L. F. von Sandberger’s
‘‘ Die Land- und Stisswasser-
Conchylien der Vorwelt.”” By
B. B. Woopwarp, F.L.S. .....
Cement as a Slug-killer! By
B.B.Woopwarp,F.L.S. (Fig.)
A Pteropod Alias. ByC. Hepiey,
F.L.S., and E. R. Syxzs, B.A.
On the Locality of Melanotic
Helicigona arbustorum. By
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On Conus Waterhousee, Brazier,
var. By A. F. Kenyon ........
On Voluta papillosa, Swainson,
var. By A. F. Kenyon ..........
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Description of a new species of
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By 8. 1. Da Costa. (Fig.).....
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LONDON:
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11
Papers continued :—
Description of a new species of
Oliva. By F. Bripeman, (Fig.)
On the Anatomy of Hnsis macha,
Solen Fonesii, and 8. viridis.
By H. H. BLoomeEr ..........5.......
A Revision of the Species of Cyclo-
strematidee and Liotiidee occurring
in the Persian Gulf and North
Arabian Sea. By J. C. Mer-
vinL,M.A.,F.L.S. (Plate 1II.)
Description of Cyclostrema Prestoni
and Nassa Tindalli, u.spp.,
from Ceylon. By J. C. Mez-
vit, M.A., F.L.S. (Plate
sVBT ATG cin SES 3) eeecss censor steree testesecs
On some ‘ Feeding-tracks’ of
Gastropods. By B. B. Woop-
WARD, F.L.S. (Figs.) ........000..
Descriptions of four new species
of Marine Shells, probably from
Ceylon. By H. B. Preston,
1 Atsine | 2(( UT) Condon eantinccpe aon
Description of a new species ot
Limnea from N.W. Australia.
By H. B. Presron, F.Z.S8.
(Fig-)
On new species of Siphonaria,
Terebra, and Mangilia, and a
remarkable form of Cyprea
eruenta, from South Africa. By
G. B. Sowrrsy,F.L.S. (Figs.)
Critical remarks on certain forms
of Chloritis, with descriptions
of twelve new species. By G. K.
Gupg, F.Z.S. (Plates IV, V.)
Notes on the Anatomy of South
African Aplysiide, with de-
scriptions of two new species.
By R. H. Burne, B.A. (Figs.)
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STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD.
Vol. VII. No. 2. JUNE, 1906. Price 5s.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
EDITED BY
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Inder the direction of the Publication Committee.
AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE
PAPERS.
@) Qaxjadaw as gaate ye
Papers continued :— PAGE
On asmall collection of Land and
Fresh-water Shells from Uganda,
PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE
Annual Meeting: Feb. 9th,1906 60
Ordinary Meetings :
with descriptions of new species
February 9th, 1906) s.ec.ccssssso 61 of Martensia and Limicolaria.
1750 1 U1 ae ae a 62 By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8. _
Moriches os 63 (Era ry ee ccpasessasstespsearnesastest ontrves ints 88
: Searels a laa On new species of Polyplacophora
Obituary Notices. (Plate VI.).... 64 from South Australia. By
N : W. T. Bepnaut and E. H. VY.
ae Marrurws. (Plate IX.)....... 91
Cassidaria rugosa. ByA.REYNELL 67 Ona species of the Land Molluscan
On SE ares By E. A. an ee By
BS MIMI pa MSD CO) ss sense stsescsecvecorsnesososice 68 ieut.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-
inte ee Pilsbryella. By Ss se Deane 93
yon ING ett paras ianccont sor eSCripuions Spey
2 ale ne Land Shells from Peru and
PAPERS :— Colombia and two new species
inti ; of Curvella from the Philippine
Descriptions of thirty-one Gastro- ede Be So Poa Courk
poda and one Scaphopod from Plat XI Sie: Meee ge
the Persian Gulf and Gulf of ( ate ) conavacs ¢ ccesecsencesesenes : f sence ez
Oman. By J. C. Metvitt, Note on Swainson’s genus Voluti-
M.A., F.L.S. (Plates VII lithes. By R. B. Newton,
Ti, \10 Sb aoe 69 F.G.S. (Plate XID.) wees 100
th arks on the genus
Capulus lissus, Smith, as type of ae loritie, with deceptions of
a Proposed new subgenus eleven new species. By G. K.
(Mallwwium) of Amalthea, Gupe, F.Z.S. (Plate XIII.) 105
eee a MREN ILL, On the occurrence of Vertigo
VIIA pp bied as Sere (EAS 2) eacterscesceere 81 parcedentata, Al. Braun, in
Notes on a Holocene deposit at Holocene deposits in Great
Harlton, Cambs. By Rey. Britain. By A. S. Kennarp,
R. A. Burien, B.A., F.L.S. F.G.S., and B. B. Woopwarp,
(FIgS.) sueoneanne i eee 85 Tei, Gheiterca ee aa ae 119
LONDON: BERLIN :
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Walacological Soctety of London.
(Founded 27th February, 1893.)
Officers and Council—elected February, 1906.
President :—E. R. Syxss, B.A., F.L.S.
Vice-Presidents: — Sir C. N. E. Enrot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A.
HERDMAN, F.R.S.;. W. G. RipEwoop, D.Sc., F.L.S.; B. B.
Woopwarb, F.L.S.
Treasurer :—J. H. Ponsonsy, F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, 8.W.
Secretary :—R. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting
Hill, London, W.
Editor: —E. A. Smirn, LS.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell
Road, London, S.W.
Other Members of Council :— Rev. R. AsHtncron Buuien, F.LS. ;
S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Metnvitt, M.A., F.L.S.; R. BULLEN
Newton, F.G.S.; ALEXANDER REYNELL; HENRY WoopDwarD,
ESD: Bans.
By kind permission of the Council of the Linnean Socrery, the
MEETINGS are held in their apartments at Buritineron House,
- Piccaptbiy, W., on the sEconD Fripay in each month from NOVEMBER
to JUNE.
The OBJECT of the Society is to promote the study of the Mollusca,
both recent and fossil.
MEMBERS, both Ordinary and Corresponding (the latter resident
without the British Islands), are elected by ballot on a certificate of
recommendation signed by two or more Members.
LADIES are eligible for election.
The SUBSCRIPTION is, for Ordinary Members 10s. 6d. per annum
or £7 7s. for Life, for Corresponding Members 7s. 6d. per annum or
£5 5s. for Life. All Members on election pay an Entrance Fee of 10s. 6d.
The PROCEEDINGS are issued three times a year, and each
Member is entitled to receive a copy of those numbers issued during
his membership.
[Vols. I-VI, consisting of 37 Parts, and Vol. VII, Pt. 1, have
now appeared. Price 5s. per Part. To Members, for personal
use only, 3s. per Part, or 15s. per vol.]
Further information, with forms of proposal for Membership, may be
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at his private address, as given above.
JAPANESE SHELLS,
Land, Fresh-water, and Marine.
Catalogue sent on Application.
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SPECIAL OFFER:
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Vol. VII. No. 8. SEPTEMBER, 1906. Price 5s.
PROCEEDINGS
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EDITED BY
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Under the direction of the Publieation Comittee.
AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE
PAPERS.
GO) SG Bes aS Pee
PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE | PAPERS continued :-— PAGE
Ordinary Meetings ; Notes on Indian and Ceylonese
species of Glessula. By Col.
Wiley SUIS, TRON C Shee eee aeons 121 Per Hie Beppo: bal:
MUAUIRSE HU LaRoche ree iccosnasstercceesececseeaye 121 (Plnbee RVG): oo teee cect 160
PApErs:— Mollusca of the ‘‘ Poreupine’’
Note on the subgenus Walluvium,
Melyill. By Epear A. Smiru,
LISD cistceee see ee eee 122
Notes on some species of Mitride,
with the description of J.
Brettinghami,u.sp. By Encar
PAC MO MIEDEEWA Sa) urtsscsersasesstnesiavsevae 124
On some land and fresh-water
Mollusca from Sumatra. Part II.
By the Rev. R. A. BuLLEN,
BS Ates Ere lere Ste (EASE), corercsssseesse 126
Report upon a collection of Nudi-
branchiata from the Cape Verd
Islands, with notes by C.
CrossLanD. By Sir Cuaries
Extor, K.C.M.G. (Pl. XIV.) 131
LONDON:
DULAU & CO.,
37, SoHo Savarz, W.
Expéditions, 1869-1870. Sup-
plemental Notes, Part IIT. By
BE. R. Syxus, B.A. (PI. XVI.) 173
On the Dates of Publication of
Sowerby’s ‘‘ Mineral Concho-
logy’? and ‘‘ Genera of Recent
and Fossil Shells.” By E. R.
SIRES AD ecAlteusectnasascreiareercantarsmtert 191
Note on anew variety (var. longi-
spira) of Oliva ispidula. By
F. G. Bripeman. (Fig.)......... 195
On Chloritis heteromphalus, Pils-
bry. By Prof. H. A. Pussry.
(Bio) seagesstsacaacnestancoesn(ueteeresierslanguns 196
On Burtoa Nilotica and its rela-
tionship to Achatina, etc. By
A. Reynetu. (Plate XVII.). 197
BERLIN :
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M. ANDRE BONNET
186, BOULEVARD PEREIRE, PARIS,
Désire entrer en relation avec ses collégues pour échanges de
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éocénes et miocénes de France pour coquilles récentes de
tous pays, et fossiles tertiaires.
Envoyer oblata.
Walacological Soctety of London.
(Founded 27th February, 1893.)
Officers and Council—elected 9th February, 1906.
President :—E. R. Sykes, B.A., F.LS.
Vice-Presidents: — Sir C. N. E. Extot, K.C.M.G.; Professor W. A.
HerpMAN, F.R.S.; W. G. Riprwoop, D.Sc., F.L.8.; B. B.
WoopwakbD, F.L.S.
Treasurer :—J. H. Ponsonpy, F.Z.S., 15, Chesham Place, London, S.W.
Secretary :—R. H. Burne, B.A., F.Z.S., 21, Stanley Crescent, Notting
Hill, London, W.
Editor: —E. A. Smiru, I.8.0., Natural History Museum, Cromwell.
Road, London, S.W.
Other Members of Council :—Rev. R. AsHineton BuLien, B.A., F.L:S. ;
S. I. Da Costa; J. Cosmo Metvitt, M.A., F.L.S.; R. BuLLEn
Newton, F.G.S.; ALEXANDER ReEYNELL ; HENRY WooDWARD,
ELD; ERS:
By kind permission of the Council of the Linnean Socinty, the
MEETINGS are held in their apartments at Buriincron HOUvsE,
PiccaDILLy, W., on the SECOND FRIDAY in each month from NOVEMBER
to JUNE.
The OBJECT of the Society is to promote the study of the Mollusca,
both recent and fossil.
MEMBERS, both Ordinary and Corresponding (the latter resident
without the British Islands), are elected by ballot on a certificate of
recommendation signed by two or more Members.
LADIES are eligible for election.
The SUBSCRIPTION is, for Ordinary Members 10s. 6d. per annum
or £7 7s. for Life, for Corresponding Members 7s. 6d. per annum or
£5 5s. for Life. All Members on election pay an Entrance Fee of 10s. 6d.
The PROCEEDINGS are issued three times a year, and each
Member is entitled to receive a copy of those numbers issued during
his membership.
[Vols. I-VI, consisting of 37 Parts, and Vol. VII, Pt. 1-3, have
now appeared. Price 5s. per Part. To Members, for personal
use only, 3s. per Part, or 15s. per vol.]
Further information, with forms of proposal for Membership, may be
obtained from the Secretary, to whom all communications should be sent
at his private address, as given above.
STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, HERTFORD.
Vol. VII. No. 4. MARCH, 1907. Price 5s.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON.
EDITED BY
EH. A. SMITH, 1.8.0., F.Z.S.
Inder the direction of the Publication Committee.
AUTHORS ALONE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE STATEMENTS IN THEIR RESPECTIVE
PAPERS.
(CGA PE a SHIN a Ee
PROCEEDINGS :— PAGE | PAPERS continued :— PAGE
Ordinary Meetings : Description of a new species of
November 9th, 1906 .................. 201 Latirus. By J. C. Metvii1,
Mecembervl4 phy eee cee 201 Ju aod Nal Dinsce CNG) tarde tl 217
January Tilia? USK O (ie eekeee re 202 On the Anatomy. of Tagelus gibbus
Nores:— and ZY. divisus. By H. H.
On Fistulana mumia perforating
a valve of a Dosinia. By E. A.
Smire, [-S8.0.° (Wigs.).............., 203
On Paludestrina Jenkinsi. By
PpPAC OMIM. ACS. O8 cose 208
On Glessula parabilis. By Colonel
Bea ETO EDD ONDE feceectestvgtecserevsce ss 204
PAPERS :-—
Description of a new species of
Calliostoma from South For-
mosa. By E. A. Surru, 1.8.0.
ONES) ey ee ea rene 205
Description of a new subgenus
and species of dlyceus from
Ke-lan-tan. By H. B. Preston,
Hee erie (CE ea) os asanesasussseesesssasacter 206
Descriptions of some Tertiary
shells from New Zealand. By
H. Surer. (Plate XVIIL)..... 207
Descriptions of six new species of
shells and of Leptomya lintea,
Hutton, from New Zealand.
By H. Suter. (Plate XVIII.) 211
LONDON :
DULAU & CO.,
37, Sono Savarz, W.
Buoomer. (Plate XIX.)........... 218
Description of two new species
of Helicoid Land-Shells from
German New Guinea. By J. H.
Ponsonsy, F.Z.8. (Figs.) ..... 224
Descriptions of seven new species
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