Pope ay vere tie ity hae nh a aaah aes 49 he mas fa ast “bead fhe atey nat a nt PUAN Te vested ah hited eer teh Hy) Mm iat itt cep dhe ait vs Teh) Hasire i oe Hi ‘ > bi iNideibent ti ira ie Hine ca Wirt 4) ona ape eit we tha At ‘nh nigh shih if U ni + ae Vitaha a ini laen ” ey be titeas! sine U ve eae i aged he [5 iT u i veoh] oat a , eee hts crear ih HH to hs iva a Palsate f oS : f Sithe 5 rein iets bith ui ty ih hares 3) Ht RASS We Hear Nivandh sit? vl, meat i} tease esa i, ifs EL his assy shittte ’ seoreees Oust iy by it V1 oa He it 5 shin t yey ft) ay Pa rt i “anys > Hew ay 4 ee rds 4 09) ty + iieiat } ita Haft tt ue ster fant ae 4 {ie Hit Hh ttt nara ) " mitt np Mi Lah allied ait ca ersten i pies i sey ae astra he Th ait THE ahd " ieee tneticite pian eae Misidc tia vee a iid thy i) i ae ba Uli piri! a ale Si ’ * nite ne 5 Ua tate re, Aedes 4 et aS ree Hin He * Baihite r 7 RV ta) pate en avenaate 1H algae _suorsdrtosqng pue seay uorisstupy * OL Il 8I a 9g E161 Wo sourjeq oy, Bes: OF “SLALOM YY ‘ST6E aveAK 84} AO} CLNAWALYLS IWIONYNIA GAGNWISNAANO AO ALAIOOS IWAOW AHL ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. rate ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, APRIL 26TH, 1915. The Ordinary monthly meeting was held in the Geology Lecture Theatre in the University at 8 p.m. Dr. T. H. Johnston, President, in the chair. Dr. Johnston thanked members for his election to the office of president, and took the opportunity of recording the members’ appreciation of the work done by the retiring Honorary Secretary (Mr. F. Bennett) during his years of office. The minutes of the special meeting of November 30th, 1914, were read and confirmed. Mr. J. R. Cullen, of Montville, and Miss Irene V. Butler- Wood, B.D.S., were proposed as ordinary members, and Miss Edna Peberdy as an associate member of the Society. Dr. F. Butler-Wood and Mr. J. Colvin were elected members. The Library exchanges and donations for the month were laid on the table. The following papers were read : (1.) Studies in Australian Lepidoptera, by A. Jefferis Turner, M.D., F.E.S: Fifty-seven genera and 82 species are dealt with, of which 10 genera and 49 species are new. They are mainly from Queensland localities, a few being from other Aus- tralian States. (2.) The Nature and Origin of Manganiferous and Ferruginous Incrustations and Deposits, by W. D. Francis. The subject is treated under the headings of incrusta- tions, bog-iron ore and bog-manganese, and the disintegra- tion of rocks. Incrustations are divided into fluviatile, subarial, internal, marine and corrosive (chiefly iron rust). The author is opposed to the theory that incrustations of various types, accumulations of bog-iron ore and_ bog- manganese, and the disintegration of rocks are brought about by chemical action, and holds that these phenomena are occasioned almost completely, if not wholly, by organic iV. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. agents. Incrustations such as manganiferous and ferru- ginous coatings, dendritic markings, etc., are ascribed to the decay and alteration of encrusting algz and lichens, or of colonies of bacteria. To the latter are also ascribed accumulations of bog-iron ore and bog-manganese. The disintegration of rocks is held to be brought about by the ‘attack of bacteria on their carbonaceous, ferruginous and other constituents and the consequent breaking down and loosening of the originally compact and resistant rock substance. In the discussion on the paper it was generally con- ceded that the author had made certain interesting obser- vations but his deductions were almost entirely disagreed with. The difficulty of carrying out efficient experiments with bacteria was pointed out and the wish was expressed that more should be known about the conditions under which the experiments had been carried out before any reliable conclusions could be drawn from them. Messrs. Gurney, Richards, Smith and Walkom and the President took part in the discussion. NOTES AND EXHIBITS. Dr. T. H. Johnston exhibited some interesting polypes (2 Corymorpha) which were living as messmates on a crab ; also some simple corals (?Cylicia). All of these specimens were collected by dredging recently in Bribie Passage. He also exhibited a worm, Gordius sp., which was found by Mr. H. A. Longman in freshwater at Montville. In its young stage this animal lives as a parasite on certain insects. Mr. C. T. White exhibited specimens of (i) Nostoc commune, a widely-spread species of alga recently recorded from Queensland. The specimens were found growing in damp soil on the Brisbane River. (ii) Sporochnus pedun- culatus collected recently in Moreton Bay, a species of alga new to Queensland waters. Also a fungus, Morchella rotundata, var. fulva, an European species recently found by him growing in quantity at Fig Tree Pocket, Brisbane River. : Mr. H. A. Longman exhibited a live specimen of Physignathus lesueurti from Montville and a giant cricket. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. Vic ABSTRACT OF ProceED1NGs, May 31st, 1915 The Ordinary monthly meeting was held in the Geology Lecture Theatre in the University, at 8 p.m. Dr. T. H. Johnston, President, in the chair. The President extended the Society’s congratulations to Mr. W. H. Bryan, B.Sc., as being the first member of the Society to enlist for active service. He also expressed the sincere sympathy of members with Miss Bage in the loss of her brother in action at the Dardanelles, and with Mrs. De Vis in the loss of her husband, who was formerly one of our most prominent members. Dr. Hamlyn-Harris and Mr. H. A. Longman spoke in appreciation of the late Mr. De Vis and his work. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. Dene B. Fry was proposed as an Ordinary Member, and Miss Margaret Mackenzie as an Associate Member of the Society. Mr. J. R. Cullen and Miss Irene V. Butler-Wood were elected Ordinary Members, and Miss Edna Peberdy an Associate Member. The following paper was read : Herpetological Notes, by Dene B. Fry (communicated by Mr. H. A. Longman). The paper comprised four parts, viz. : (i) Description and Notes on three Lizards. The species (dura monilis, De Vis, is redescribed and notes given on Calotes cristatellus, Kuhl, and Gonyocephalus spinipes, A. Dum. (ii) On a new Chelodina with a key to the genus. A new species is described as C. intergularis. (iii) Two new species of Pseudelaps and a key to the genus. P. christieanus, sp. nov., is de- scribed from Port Darwin, and P. minutus from three localities in New South Wales. Vi. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. (iv) A new Queensland Frog. Austrochaperina brevipes, sp. nov., is described from the Bloom- field River, near Cooktown, Queensland. NoTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. H. A. Longman exhibited a live specimen of Phyllurus platurus Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris exhibited (1) some native knitting needles and opossum-fur twine from Groote Eylandt. It was pointed out that the natives there had been singularly isolated, and beyond possible influence from Malay had not been affected by contact with civiliza- tion ; hence the significance of the specimens. The twine consists of series of lengths of fur of about three-quarters of an inch, and these are united by being junctioned into clumps, presenting an almost moniliform appearance. (2) Two unpointed and rather roughly manufactured Death-bones were shown from the Mitchell River, Queens- land. These specimens, which had actually been responsible for the death of two individuals, clearly demonstrated that in the olden days the natives used implements unlike the ordinary type, which may be compared to the elongated bone sewing-needle (example exhibited). (3) Poison carriers from the Roper River. These are made from the wing bones of the Pelican and are of special interest, and they point to the use of such things as arsenic as a modern idea. Whether here, as in Melanesia, the natural properties of poisons were disputed and their noxious results attributed to magic charms is an interesting question by no means easily solved. (4) A magical rain stick. Mr. A. B. Walkom, by permission of the Director of the Queensland Museum, exhibited a specimen of Annularia associated with Glossopteris from Permo-Carboniferous rocks near Dunedoo, New South Wales. The specimen is of a type somewhat similar to A. stellata (Schloth), and is quite distinct from the only species of Annularia (A. aus- tralis) of which record can be found in rocks of this age in Australia. Dr. T. H. Johnston exhibited a series of specimens of Ceratodus. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. vil. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, JUNE 28th, 1915. A Special Monthly Meeting was held in the Geology Lecture Theatre in the University at 8 p.m. Dr. T. H. Johnston, President, in the chair. The President referred to the loss sustained by the Society in the death of Mr. F. M. Bailey. The late Mr. Bailey had been a member of the Society since its inception, and in the earlier years took a very active part, having been President one year, Vice-President one year, and a member of the Council for fifteen years. He had also made twenty- one contributions to our Proceedings, in addition to many outside publications. Messrs. Longman and Colledge also spoke in appreciation of Mr. Bailey and his work. The President also extended a welcome to Mr. Bridwell, Entomologist to the Hawaiian Government. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and confirmed. Mr. H. A. Longman proposed ‘“ That the Society suspend the annual subscriptions of ordinary members on active service.” Dr. Hamlyn-Harris seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. The exchanges and donations for the month were laid on the table. Mr. Dene B. Fry was elected an Ordinary Member, and Miss Margaret Mackenzie an Associate Member of the Society. The following paper was read :— Herpetological Notes : Descriptions of Some Australian and Papuan Frogs ; by Dene B. Fry. The paper was communicated by Mr. H. A. Longman. Mr. Bridwell and the President offered remarks on the paper. Mr. Bridwell, at the invitation of the President, gave an account of some of his experiences while engaged in scientific work in W. Africa. NoTES AND EXHIBITS :— Dr. T. H. Johnston exhibited specimens of Acetabularia sp. dredged by him in Pumice Stone Passage between Bribig Vill ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. Island and the mainland. They were found at a few fathoms depth on a soft, muddy bottom, along with Zostera marina and Halophyllum ovatum. Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris exhibited a number of stone, iron and other implements of the Queensland Aborigines. He stated that the interest of the specimens lay in the fact that whereas some were genuine stone implements of the paleolithic stage of culture, others, having been manu- factured quite recently, represented a temporary transition stage rapidly evolved through contact with civilization. This hastened disappearance of accurate and genuine workmanship on the part of these primitive people, whereby their trade becomes a lost art, emphasises with considerable force the necessity of saving the few remaining records before it is too late. Amongst the exhibits some very indifferently-worked knives and axes, shown in contrast with the genuine article, are evidences of the crudeness of the modern bungler. Since the introduction of such things as flakes of glass bottles and pieces of iron gives an already partially-manufactured product easily adapted to modern use, the native, however slightly civilised he may be, soon prefers to relinquish the arduous methods of old-time manufacture for the more easily acquired modern appliances placed in his hands. Mr. H. A. Longman exhibited a specimen, seven feet in length, of Acrochordus javanicus, Hornst., obtained by Mr. Esmond Parkinson in the Leichhardt River, Gulf of Carpentaria, and forwarded to the Queensland Museum. This snake has not previously been recorded for Australia, but examples are occasionally found in or near rivers in the Malay Peninsula, Java, Siam and Papua. The species is non-venomous, and belongs to the Aglypha series. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, JULY 26TH, 1915. The ordinary monthly meeting was held in the Geology Lecture Theatre, in the University, at 8 p.m. Dr. T. H. Johnston, President, in the chair. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. rbse The President extended the congratulations of the Society to Mr. J. F. Bailey on his appointment to the position of Colonial Botanist. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. The donations and exchanges for the month were laid on the table. The following paper was read :— ‘“Notes on a few interesting plants from Moreton Bay,” by C. T. White. The paper consists mainly of records of occurrences of plants which have not previously been recorded from the Moreton Bay District. Mr. Longman and the President remarked on the paper and congratulated Mr. White on his first contribu- tion to the Proceedings. Mr. J. C. Bridwell delivered a lecture entitled ‘‘ The Use of Parasites in Economic Entomology.” The lecture was illustrated by many diagrams and lantern slides. NoTES AND EXHIBITS. Mr. H. A. Longman exhibited a portion of the fore part of a fossil cranium with a fragment of tooth, received from North Western Queensland, which apparently repre- sented an animal quite new to Australia. Although too fragmentary to be definitely allocated, some slight re- semblance might be traced to the Dicynodonts of South Africa. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS, AUGUST 30TH, 1915. The ordinary monthly meeting was held in the Geology Lecture Theatre in the University, at 8 p.m. Dr. T. H. Johnston, President, in the chair. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. The donations and exchanges for the month were laid on the table. The following paper was read :— xX. ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. ‘A List of the Recorded Freshwater Protozoa of Queensland, with a number of new records,” by C. D. Gillies, B.Sc. The paper contains an addition of 14 species to the recorded freshwater Protozoa of Queensland, together with a list of previously recorded forms. NoTes AND EXHIBITS. Dr. Shirley exhibited shells from North Wes* Is., collected by Miss Peberdy. They included; Atactodea striata, Gmel.; Trochus calcaratus, Souv.; Chrysostoma paradoxa, Born.; Quoyia decollata Q.& G.; Cerithium columna, Sby.; C. hanleyi, Sby.;: C. rubum, Martyn; C. granosum, Kien; Clava aspera, L.; C. vertaga, L. ; Natica chinensis, Lam. ; Cyprea isabella, L.; C. annulus, L.; C. caurica, L.; C. errones, L.; Conus spectrum, L. ; Arcularia jonasi, Dunk (=nana, A. Ad.). Except Cerithium hanleyi, most of these shells are of very extensive range. Quoyia decollata has been reported from Ascension I., and Clava aspera from Mada- gascar ; the rest range widely over the E. Indian Islands or Western Polynesia, or both. Mr. C. T. White exhibited specimens of Erigeron linifolius, Willd. ; E. canadensis, Linn, and Aster subulatus, Michx, from the Queensland Herbarium, by permission of the Govt. Botanist. The latter species, for some time recorded as naturalised in Victoria and N.S.W., has pre- viously gone in Queensland as a glabrous form of #. cana- densis, but the normal form of that species has now ap- peared in several places in Queensland, and the two when seen growing together are very distinct. Mr. H. A. Longman exhibited the following Queens- land Museum specimens: (1) A fragment of the left maxilla with three abraded molars of a Diprotodon from the Flinders River, near Hughenden, donated by Mr. R. Pool, the locality record being of considerable interest ; (2) dermal ossifications and a_ disarticulated cranium of Trachysaurus rugosus, the parietal region showing interiorly aninfundibular pit for the accommodation of the epiphysial diverticulum of the pineal body; (3) a living Typhlops ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS. Xa wiedii ; this ** blind snake’’ shows unusua! transparency for a land vertebrate, and when held before a strong light its viscera may be discerned and the pulsations of the heart noted. Dr. Hamlyn-Harris exhibited:a Fijian chief’s necklet made of a sperm whale’s tooth, highly polished, with a cord of plaited and twisted vegetable fibre, much prized and formerly a sort of native currency. Also a fine set of shell implements collected recently by him from several native camps on Dunk Island, the knives and spoke-shaves being made from a species of Perna. embrithes le Darala rubicunda = So Deathbones, native, exhibited .. Demansia ' Desmodium asmeriee Difflugia acuminata a - globulosa a5 lobostoma Ss oblonga Dinobryon Page 75 Diprotodon, left peal of, ceenibited x Dohertya submicans Eclipsiodes acrocapna Emydura Ss Enchelys aie C Epipaschia Bos ; ae Epistylis as wa al aK Eragrostis brownti, var. pubescens Erigeron canadensis, exhibited - linifolius, A Eucalyptus planchoniana Euglena oe 5c se 33 viridis ss = Euglypha alveolata ns Bs cristata ate Euzora, gen. nov. ae 3 collucens ees Francis, W. D., Manganiferous and ferruginous incrustations and deposits sc =~ Frogs, new or little-known nee tralian and Papuasian Fry, D. B., A new Chelodina from Australia, with a key to the genus » Description and notes on three Lizards Herpetological notes > New or little known Australian and Papuasian frogs 3 Two new species of Pseudelaps, key to the genus Gillies, C. D.: Recorded freshwater Protozoa of Queensland Glossopteris Bs Glyphodes ae and a. 61 91 100 vi 43 XXV Pag Gonyocephalus ai ie ee 88 spinipes 61, 88 Gran sp. exhibited she ve iv Graphosia stenopepla he ar 15 Halone coryphea ae 5S 17 % ebeea Sy Se 56 17 y sobria Sc ale 50 17 Halophyllim ovatum ae Vili Helcioniseus ae & wed 5 Heleioporus st 73, 75 eS albopunctatus 70, 75 Heliothela didymospila is Ss 50 s ophideres ne bs 51 x oreias ts An 50 paracentra ste aie 51 Hemet us astathes at - 56 os lewinit fe Re 56 is lignivorus 6 3 56 7 tephroptilus a o% 57 Herpetological notes te ae 60 Hiiviseus diversifolius are xe 96 5 3 Var. genuinus 96 Hyla aurea 7 ats He 72 » coerulea Ae Ae ae 73 yy «-ewingit Stella geR: ewingit v. alpina , 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 » v.- calliscelis 60, 82, 83, 84 » Vv. kretftit 82, 83, 84 » ¥. orientalis 79, 81, 82, 83, 84 >» Vv. typica . 82, 84 lesueurit 84, 85, 86 as Vv. vinosa 60, 84, 85, 86 y macgregorii 60, 76, 77, 78 » nigrofrenta sis fs 85 » regilla me ve “ie 81 ,, thesaurensis . 76, 78 » vinosa - . 84, 85 Hypolamprus us Se ae 28 Implements, stone and iron, of Queensland borates: ex- hibited Vili Implements, shell, of Queensland Aborgines, exhibited vs Xi Imaus marginepunctiata .. Air 24 Incrustations, manganiferous and ferruginous .. a6 ste lii Tonthas is 56 ae ae 19 ze ataracta is $i 20 Tsidora xe nis aa Or Tf Johnston, Mba a pe and Bancroft, L.: Notes on exhibit of Ceratodus xe sts et 58 Lamacha .. ne ve SG 33 Lechriodus Ne URES TKS as melanopyga 60, 73, 74, 75 Lepidoptera, Studies in Australian 11 Lepista¥pulverea .. 55 ee 16 XXV1. INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII Page Leptocarpus tenax ais ~ 98 Leptospermum flavescens, v. citriodorum 33 ee Sc 97 Leptospermum liversidgei a 97 Lepturus repens .. ae Zi 99 Limnodynastes. Re « (420 =, dorsalis 68, 72, 75 + 3 Vv. dumerilii 67, 68, 72 7 » V. terra- regine 60, 67, 68 iletcheri 60, 62, 64, 65, 67 45 marmoratus ae 65 olivaceus . 60; 1655167 5 platycephalus 60, 63, 67 oy tasmaniensis 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67 Lindswa dimorpha xe aie 99 Littorina 10 Lizards, eee aaiods and notes on three sc ae ate 86 Lymantria antennata og as 23 _ aurora ie a 23 35 grandis avs Sle 23 7 maculosa wie “0 23 * nephrographa = 23 ae pelospila ais oe 24 as turneri ate ae 23 Macaduma picroptila a's ie 18 Macalla eupepla &% a 35 oe mixtirosalis ac fs 34 a3 pentabela Bie An 34 i3 zophera .. ae Fe 34 Mactra queenslandica ae te 7 a tristis Ac oe oe 7 Mallomonas ae AA aM 101 Manganiferous and ferruginous incrustations ac ate iii Marasmia loxodesma we Bie 44 Margaritijera margaritifera we xi Margaronia hyaloptila .. Sg 43 Metasia asphycta a ae 45 33 crocophara ve ate 45 diplophragma.. fe 44 3 ecbleta ae ae ae 46 5 orphnopis 5 AS 44 phragmatias an sve 44 Monedoita diminuta 50 aie 5 Morchella rotundata var. fulva, exhibited 2 iv Moreton, Bay: Interesting plants from : 96 Mosoda consolatrix oe ee ily Musotima stictochroa bt Es 37 Myriostephes callipepla .. a 47 Nassula A nr “te 101 _, aurea ae ie 101 Natica chinensis, exhibited 56 x Needles, native knitting, exhibited vi Neoceratodus forsteri ar = 58 : Page Nola belotypa Ss ang aa 14 ao) LCChTAODGs eee Py. ate 12 > phleophila ae ae 14 s» zaplethes ee ae, We 13 Noorda amethystina 1% Ne 47 » hedyphaés : *) 47 Nostoc commune, exhibited. a iv Obelura 5 see oie ne 28 (dura monilis .. - 6 S637 Hs tryoni a, a 87 Orthaga picta ~ .. Be aA 35 Otiophora . ' 48 Oxyeophina : 28 Papuasian frogs, new or little- known Australian and, Pauiamecium Si we A 101 ee bursarea a ry 101 Patella tramoserica 2 Dts 5 Peridinium : ae Gis 101 Perimeceta, gen. nov a ais 48 a niphotypa. .. 2 48 Perna cust eds ee ts xi Phacus ah xm sl oe 101 Phanerotis ae Ze apse (Sar) 3 fletcheri ae .. 60, 69 Pharambara parcipunctalis oe 28 si splendida Ye es 28 Philocryphus australiaeus 60, 70, 73 55 flavoguttatus 107 15 73 Phractops brevipalmatus oe O05 70 Phyllurus platurus, exhibited .. vi Physa as Ar oe oe, ee a compacta 2 7 Physignathus lesueurii; exhibited iv Physopsis : ‘ Pi ai, GRE Pisara ignlessaie g 11 Plants, et from Moreton ; Bay j 2 ae 96 Platytes idioptila He Me av OO Poison carriers, native, exhibited vi Poliosia zatesima oe ara 16 a zetesima 5 ae 16 Pollinia argentea oe a, 98 Porthesia collucens ve «2 a2, 23 Protozoa, recorded freshwater, of Queensland - = 100 Pseudelaps, two new species of, and a 8 to the ts genus . 91 3 bancrojtii a ES 95 = christieanus 61, 91, 92, 94 3 diadema Ss .. 92, 94 35 fordit 0 Ba) pam xf harriette a aie 94 - krefftii oa ae 94 5 minutus ««,,.01, 935,94 4 mulleri sa tee ear rae squamulosus re. See > sutherlandi .. ze 95 » °° warro ap tee 95 INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. Page Pseudemydura umbrina 89 Pyrausta apocrypha 47 Fi epicroca 47 rf perflavalis 47 op petrosarca 47 Queensland, recorded freshwater Polyzoa of, ia 100 Queensland, Volcanic Peeks of south- eastern ie 105 Quoyia decollata, exhibited! x Rainstick, magical, exhibited vi Rana australiaca ois COs LS (e2 5 c@rulea 71, 73 ay RS tae + papua 88 3 © Spinipes 0, 72 Ranaster 74, 76 Rhodogastria meus 20 Rhodoneura a 28 aA erypsilitha 28 sy giulia 28 ss molybditis 29 35 rhaphiducha 28 $3 splendida 28 submicans 28 inane. H. C., Volcanic Rocks of south-eastern Queensland 5 105 Rissoa + Sameodes argentijera 49 Seaphella hedleyi 5 et reticulata 5 Scoliacma xuthopis 16 Scoparia emmetropis 52 5 gercnnaie 52 Shirley, J. : Review of recent ae tralian Conchology 1 Sialocyttara 35 Fr erasta 36 Siculodes ? glareola 27 7 platyntis 27 Siliqua 7 Songara decussata 27 - vittata 27 Sporochnus pedunculatus, exhibited iv. Stentor polymorphus 102 Stentors ae 102 Stricta picta ° 35 Striglina bes 28 wa decussata ac 28 5 duplicifimbria ae 28 3 glareola - 275,28 3 sordida 27 Stypholepis 31 hs agenor 31 Sylepta emmetris os hicana 55 placophea 3 polytimeta a zophosticta Teniopteris daintreet Tanaobela gen. nov. x chrysochlora Termioptycha cs cyanopa Tetraprosopus Thalotia tricingulata Thesaurica, gen. nov. : argentifera Tholerastis, gen. nov. es elaphra Tinospora smilacina Titanoceros cataphanes “5 cataxautha Torqueola ~ hy pola mpra Trachelomonas volvocint Trachysaurus rugosus, dermal ossi- fications and — disarticulated cranium, exhibited 5 Trichocerosia zebrina Trigonobela, gen. nov. - nebridopepla Trinema enchelys Trochus calcaratus, exibited Tropidophorus Turner, A. J. : Studies in Auntralian Lepidoptera Sie Tiphlops wiedii, exiibited: Tyspanodes metachrysialis wa pheosticha Venus Vigna luteola Voleanie Rocks of nonene sactegt Queensland Voluta Vorticella White, C. T.: Interesting Bate from Moreton Bay Xanthomelum pachystyloides Xyleutes dictyoschema PA leucomochla ? olbia Xyleutis eremonoma Zeuzera ceglospila Zostera marina XXVIl. Page 40 41 41 39 40 Viii rhe th - PROCEHDINGS OF THE moOY Abe SOCAL Y Cease as IN IstOMS 7 jae alls VOW NOY [el SPA nee See —— Edited by A. B. WALKOM, &. U a The Authors of Papers ure alone responsible for the siatemcents made and the opinions expressed therein. PRINTED VOR THE SOCLETY BY H. POLE & CO., PRINTERS, ELIZABETH STREET, BRISBANE. 1915. Price: Five Shillings. ay ; hi y , : yi md fy j Lola ab anni eo) = 05eh Raval Society of Queensland. Patron : HIS EXCELLENCY SIR HAMILTON GOOLD-ADAMS. GCM: Gas (Cob. Eire: OREICBins= 1905. President : T. HARVEY JOHNSTON, M.A., D.Sc. Vice-President : R. HAMLYN-HARRIS, D.Sc., Ere. Hon. Treasurer: EB. H. GURNEY. Hon. Librarian : C. D. GILLIES, B.Sc. Hon. Secretary and Editor : A. B. WALKOM, B.Sc. Members of Couneil: W. R. COLLEDGE. H. A. LONGMAN. B. DUNSTAN, F.G.S. H. C. RICHARDS, M.Se. J. SHIRLEY, D.Sc. Trustees : Hon. W. F. TAYLOR, M.L.C. Hon. A. J. THYNNE, M.L.CG. R. H. ROE, M.A. Hon. Auditor: GEO. WATKINS. No. No. NoTE ON AN EXHIBIT OF AN ABORIGINAL CONTENTS. VOLUME XXVII.—PALi 1.—PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: A Review of Recent Australian Conchology, by John Shirley, D.Sc., F.M.S., Principal, Teachers’ Training College, Brisbane (issued l0th May, 1915) 7! aie eg yp 2.—STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA, by A. Jefferts Turner, M.D., F. HS. (issued Ist July, 1915) ahs oP - ig ie aut 11 3.—NOoTES ON AN EXHIBIT OF SPECIMENS OF CERA- ropus, by Dr. T. Harvey Johnston and Dr. T. L. Bancroft (issued Ist July, 1915) Tat Xe ee ». 4.-HERPETOLOGICAL Notes, by Dene B. Fry, Austra- lian Museum, Sydney (printed by permission of the Trustees). (With Plates I-IV, text figs 1-7) (issued 26th July, 1915) ie oe att sp sie OU) . 5.—NOTES ON A FEW INTERESTING PLANTS FROM MORE- TON Bay, by C. T. Wéite, Botanic Gardens, brisbane (issued 28th August, 1915) .. Ag ae ete 5 (| . 6.—A: List oF THE RECORDED FRESHWATER PROTOZOA OF QUEENSLAND, by C.D. Gillies, B.Sc., Biology Laboratory, University of Queensland (issued 25th September, 1915)... a ave be ay ic “Camp” CoL- LECTION FROM NEAR BuNDABERG,, by Dr. Hamlyr- Harris. 56 a3 on sis ie .. OS: A REVIEW OF RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY. (PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS.) By JoHN Surety, D.Sc., F.MS.. Principal, Teachers’ Training College, Brisbane. (Delivered before the Royal Society of Queensland, March 29th, 1915.) THE conchologists of the world owe a debt of gratitude to America for the production of a standard work on the Mollusca. The publication of Tryon’s Manual of the Mollusca has placed our knowledge of the Gasteropoda, Amphineura and Scaphopoda on a sound basis. The specialist, who devotes himself to the determination of species in these classes, has this work continually at his elbow, and though he may find fault with a few minor details, it is to him what the dictionary is to the beginner in a new language. Recent species makers with Tryon’s Manual for reference are apt to talk from a height about ““ Tryon who hastily united species, which, though then indefinite in literature were distinct in nature,’ or of the slovenly work of early authors, as for instance the “ care- lessness and incapacity of Lovell Reeve,” or to complain that “ having left his species in the wrong genus, unfigured, unlocalised, known and knowable only to those who saw the type, Arthur Adams fortunately crowned his work by the adoption of a preoccupied name’ Of the known marine mollusca of Queensland, it must not be forgotten A 2 RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY. that we owe the recognition and description of one-sixth of its species to Reeve, and one-twelfth to A. Adams, either alone or in conjunction with H. Adams, Reeve or Angas. This criticism of the private worker by men who have the resources of a State at their back is unfair and ungenerous ; and leads one to recall with amusement the not yet for- gotten early blunders of the critics themselves. The Second Series of the Manual of Conchology has reached its twenty-second volume and its completion will place the classification of the land-shells — Subclass Pulmonata—on a similarly sound footing. The late Geo. W. Tryon, Junr., in a preface dated January Ist, 1885, makes the following declaration as to his basis of classifica- tion :—‘‘ The classification of the * Pulmonata’ will be essentially that exhibited in the third volume of my ‘ Structural and Systematic Conchology ’; modified, never- theless, as to minor details and chiefly by the introduction of additional groups. In the arrangement and synonymy of the species, the late Dr. Louis Pfeiffer’s “ Nomenclator Heliceorum Viventium,’ 1878, will be my principal guide, and I will endeavour so to intercalate the more recently described species as to preserve the essential features of that monumental work. I shall not follow him blindly, however. I shall consider the opinions of the special students of each local fauna as entitled to great weight, and J shall constantly subject questions of synonymy to the test of comparison of specimens in the admirable collections of terrestrial shells in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.” Mr Tryon lived to complete four volumes, the fiist dealing with the Testacellide, etc., the second with the Zonitide, and the third and fourth with various orders of the Helicide, when death put an end to his labours. Fortunately in February, 1888, a fit successor to con- tinue this important work, was found in Mr. Henry A. Pilsbry, Conservator of the Conchologica) Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Mr. Pilsbry completed the Helicide in Volume IX., and took this opportunity to make an index and a revision of all orders and sub-classes described by his predecessor. Twenty- BY JOHN SHIRLEY. 3 two volumes dealing with inoperculate land shells have been published to date. The following table gives a brief summary of their contents and shows where the indexes are to be found :— aa at Panily suey I Testacellide to Arionidz As S06 I II | Zonitide, Endodontide (Laoma, Flam- mulina, Endodonta, Pyramidula) .. IX TII-IX | Helicide, Acavide (Strophocheilus, Gonyos- tomus) 5% es Bre iy exe Xe KCL) | Bulimulide, Cerionide Se Ne an XIV XV-XVI | Urocoptide, Megaspiride .. rs fe XVI XVI-XX | Achatinide, Oleacinidse, and Ferrusacidz XX XXI Partulide .. EA ef, Ba A XXI XXI-XXII | Achatinellide Se ae os a XXII This system of classification is now generally accepted and was used by Mr. Charles Hedley and Mr. W. F. Petterd in their valuable “‘ Revised Census of the Terrestrial Mollusca of Tasmania.” It will be necessary to bring the collections of land shells in our museums into agreement with Pilsbry’s classification if they are*to be of any service to students and collectors. It is understood that the Manual is not to be extended to include the Pelecypoda. This is a distinct loss to science and to the species makers, whose timidity in dealing with bivalves contrasts with the readiness with which they attack material where the main divisions have been dealt with by Tryon or Pilsbry. The loss of the trawler Endeavour will also be a Joss to scientific study in Australia. Material collected by the trawler was distributed to various workers of eminence in the field of science, the Mollusca being reported upon by Mr. Charles Hedley, Assistant Curator and Conchologist, Australian Museum, Sydney. Mr. Hedley took part in 4 RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY. one cruise from Melbourne to Nuyt’s Archipelago, W. Australia, when he obtained specimens of some _ three hundred and fifty species, the greatest haul being made in the neighbourhood of Cape Wiles, South Australia. In his report on the Mollusca obtained by the F.I.S. ““En- deavour,” chiefly: off Cape Wiles, South Australia, the writer gives a list of Adelaidean species, and describes a number of new shells. The most important feature of the paper is a separation unaer Carpenter’s title—Amphi- thalamus—of a section of the swollen genus Rissoa. The Australian species and their synonyms are given for the benefit of systematists generally. In Part II. of the same series, Sydney, 2nd February, 1914, a number of large shells taken in the Australian Bight are described, some being new species, and various changes in classification are indicated. One of the most important of recent additions to Australian Conchology is Mr. Hedley’s “‘ Notes in Museums Abroad’ forming Part XI. of ‘‘ Studies of Australian Mollusea.”” In conjunction with Mr. E. A. Smith, the Conchologist of the Natural History Museum, South Ken- sington, the writer examined many critical and doubtful species, each of which is discussed at length, and notes on their localities, synonyms, etc., are given. Much of this information was supplied by the learned British con- chologist, his opportunities in charge of the South Kensing- ton collection having made him gre of the arbiters in mol- luscan determination. Mr. Hedley also visited Newcastie, England, to study G. F. Angas’s Australian land-shells, and Geneva, where Lamarck’s priceless collection is housed in the city museum. Of this collection the well known conchologists Kiener and Chenu were in turn curators. The result of Mr. Hedley’s critical studies is the relegation to the position of synonyms of many names that have swollen Australian lists, and recommendations that some twenty-four species be struck off as incorrect recognitions, or because they have never been figured, or from the habitat proving to be outside Australian waters, etc., Objection has already been given* * Shirley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Q., 1914, XXVI., 48. BY JOHN SHIRLEY. a) to the elimination of Arca pistachia, Lamk., from Queensland shells, and a further objection may be made to striking Thalotia tricingulata, A. Ad., off our lists. This shell is found plentifully at Murray Island, and extends at least as far south as Gladstone. It agrees far too closely with Monodonta diminuta* Hedley, which is likely to prove a synonym. Mr. Hedley’s * Studies of Australian Mollusca,’ Part XII., contains much important matter for the collector and systematist. There is a rearrangement of the former overweighted genus Voluta giving generic rank to a number of its subdivisions, and rearranging under these all known Australian species. The beautiful shell, Scaphella reticu- lata, Rve., disappears from the Queensland list, Mr. Tom Iredale proving that this name had already been used, and renaming it S. hedleyi. A very appreciative article on the French conchologist Montrouzier is introduced in connection with a generic name given in his honour by Souverbie which lapses, having been previously appro- priated in entomology. In the examination of protean forms of Acmea and Helcioniscus pertinacity and keen research are exhibited, and many tangled skeins are straightened for the assistance of the student. To those who have similar work to do in other branches of biology, a study of the argument upon the many-named Patella tramoserica, Chemnitz, will be of service. All descriptions are detailed enough to aid recogni- tion, without being so minute as to be true of the type specimen only ; and the plates, as is always the case in Mr. Hedley’s papers, are models of their kind. A large proportion of the new species are additions to the Queens- land fauna. Mr. Tom Iredale, the authority on Chitons, paid a visit to Queensland during the meeting of the Australasian Association in Brisbane, 1909. He collected round Caloundra, at the northern end of Moreton Bay, where he obtained fifteen species, of which ten had not previously * Hedley, ‘Rec. Aust. Mus., VIII, I., p. 137, Pl. XLI, £. 12. 6 RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY, been recorded for our State. In all, Mr. Iredale collected ninety-five species of Australian Polyplacophora. At his request, to assist him in his studies, specimens of Chitons in my collection were sent to him, in all forty-six species or marked varieties, of which the majority have been re- turned, while some are still under consideration. Kindly recognition of the assistance given was made through the Proceedings of the Malacological Society.* In a paper in Proc. Zool. Soc.,t Mr. Iredale deals with a small collection of shells from the Montebello Islands, W.A. As the Dampierian province stretches from Cape York along the northern and western portions of Australia to Shark Bay, it is not surprising that a number of the species identified are found in the Gulf of Carpentaria, and much helpful work has been done in collating the synonyms of well known species. The late Mr. .A. J. Jukes-Browne, F.R.S., F.G.S., a writer both on fossil and on recent shells, was specially interested in Pelecypoda, and wrote a series of articles in the proceedings of the Malacological Journal of which Part Il. appeared in Volume XI., Part Il., June, 1914. To this conchologist were forwarded specimens of all col- lected species of the Venus family. Review of the shells forwarded proved more conclusively than ever the great want of a standard work on bivalves; it also revealed the overlapping of species, the distribution of shells under in- correct names, and the simultaneous use of several synonyms for one and the same shell. Mr. Jukes-Browne was specially interested in Cytherea embrithes, Melville and Standen, whose astonishing similarity to the Madeiran Cytherea ( Antigona) effossa, Phil, was shown on receipt of a specimen from my correspondent. Through a relative the sad news has just come to hand of Mr. Jukes-Browne’s death, after much suffering, which did not keep him from carrying on his beloved studies to the last. His collection has been left to Oxford University. His death, as his labours were beginning to evolve order out of the chaos of bivalve nomen- clature and classification, will be a distinct loss to all students of this branch of natural history. IDO City WOL 22d Jie Yosjo5, Hsite +1914, Pt. 3, p. 665. BY JOHN SHIRLEY. 7 Mr. H. H. Bloomer, well known for his anatomical studies of shell-fish, especially the genus Siliqua and its allies, made a collection of marine shells during a visit to Queensland in 1912. He submitted a small collection of Moreton Bay bivalves to Mr. E. A. Smith. These were chiefly Mactridz, and were dealt with by the conchologist of the British Museum in the Proceedings of the Malaco- logical Society.* The paper, by its table of synonymy, sheds much long-needed light on species reported from Queensland ; it makes a new species, M. queenslandica, of a shell formerly distributed under various names, and common in Moreton Bay. It also determines a common, dirty-brown Mactra, to be picked up anywhere on the beach at Caloundra, as M. tristis, Desh. This paper still further accentuates the need for the continuation of Tryon’s Manual to include the Pelecypoda. As in other groups of animals the teeth of mollusks are of assistance in the grouping of genera and the classifica- tion of species. In the volume on ** Molluscs and Brachio- pods ” of the Cambridge Natural History Series, the figures of radule or lingual ribbons, are all taken from original specimens in the collection of the Revd. Professor H. M. Gwatkin, D.D., M.A. At the request of the Professor @ number of Queensland shells, each containing the animal and preserved in spirit, were forwarded to him, and he very kindly returned a large number of mounted radul, of which many were Australian. These, when viewed under the microscope, are among the most beautiful objects in nature. In a presidential address of October 11th, 1914, entitled “Some Molluscan Radule’”’ published in the ‘* Journal of Conchology”’ the value of a study of this branch of anatomy is strikingly shown. Professor Gwatkin states: “The distribution of Physa is anomalous. Like the higher mammalia, it has not reached Australia and Poly- nesia—at least all the Physas 1 have seen from those parts have the radula of Jsidora (including Physopsis). Never- theless there is a true Physa (Physa compacta, Gld.) from the Hawaiian Islands Either we have overlooked Physas *Mocucit-. Vole. .et: 25 pp» lev-lole 8 RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY. in Australia, or—what I am more inclined to think— this Physa, like some of the birds, may be of American origin.”’” Yet Mr. E. A. Smith in a paper read before the Linnean Society of New South Wales, April 21st, 1881, gives the names of fifty-two species of Australian Physas and one of Physopsis. Mr. H. B. Preston, F.L.S., is one of the best known writers on land-shells. He has published papers on the Pulmonata from all parts of the world, including recent ones on Chinese, Nigerian, British East African, South African, and Uruguayan shells. To Australian conchology his study of shells from the Montebello Islands, West Aus- tralia, is a valuable addition Several parcels of Queens- land mollusca have been sent to Mr. Preston, among which were a few new species. For a record of Victorian marine mollusca, and for . the determination of many new species, we are indebted during recent years mainly to Mr. J. H. Gatliff, at first in conjunction with Mr. G. B. Pritchard, but for the last seven years in collaboration with Mr. C. J. Gabriel. Over one thousand marine species have been recorded from Victorian waters. An index of seven hundred and sixty- five species was given in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, in 1905,* and between two and three hundred additions have since been announced. In illus- tration of new species, Mr. Gatliff and his colleagues have at times made use of photographs of large shells taken on a black background. These are particularly clear and definite, and, where the copies are struck off distinctly, are of more use to collectors and workers generally than a drawing. This will be readily acknowledged by any expert studying such an illustration as Plate XV., of Proc. Roy. Soc., Victoria, 1903. South Australian conchologists have been assisted in their studies by the labours of Dr. J. C. Verco, who published a list of nine hundred and sixty Adelaidean species, in 1908, to supersede the out of date and out of print list published by Adcock in 1893. For over twenty years Dr. Verco has devoted himself to this branch of biology, and has now one * Proc. Roy. Soc., Vic., 18 (N.S.), Pt. I., pp. 70-92. BY JOHN SHIRLEY, g of the finest private collections in Australia It may interest members of this Society to know that the late Mr. G. Gross’s collection passed into Dr. Verco’s hands, and arrangements have been made which will prevent this va.uable collec- tion of Australian shells from being broken up. Recently Dr. Verco has extended his studies to the great Australian Bight and Western Australia generally, and in the ‘“‘ Trans- actions of the Royal Society of South Australia ”’ for 1912,* gives a list of one hundred and fifty shells mainly from Geraldton and the Abrolhos Islands. The Polyplacophora of Dr. Verco’s list were furnished by Dr. W. G. Torr, also of South Australia, who has made this difficult family his special study. Dr. Torr has col- lected in most of the Australian States, and alone, or in collaboration with Mr. W. L. May and others, has published critical notes and descriptions of new species which have been of marked assistance, especially to southern workers. Tasmania has been noted for its many workers and collectors in the conchological field, of whom Petterd, Legrand, Simson, Beddome, Miss M. Lodder, the Revd. Tenison-Woods, may be mentioned. The “Census” of Tasmanian Shells of the latter, published in 1878} was revised in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1901, by Professor Ralph Tate and Mr. W. L. May; since which date Mr. May has communicated many papers on the molluscan fauna of the island, mainly by means of the publications of its Royal Society. Other of Mr. May’s papers, in conjunction with Dr. Torr or with Mr. C. Hedley, appear in the same series or in the *“‘ Records of the Australian Museum.” Mr. May has done much to clear the way for those who follow him in the study of Tas- manian shells, by ridding the list of false entries, by his extensive lists of synonyms, by his study of critical species, and by constant reference to typical specimens, especially to those in the collections of the Tasmanian Museum. The geological distribution of marine shellfish is re- ceiving increased attention since the bulk of existing species have been determined and recorded. * Loc. cit., Vol. XXXVI, pp. 202-205. t Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas., pp. 26-57 1877. ¢ P.L.S., N.S.W., 1901, Pt. 3, July 31st, pp. 344-471, Pl. XXXIII- XXXVII. 10 RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONCHOLOGY.,. Our coasts have been divided into four sub-regions— (1) The Solanderian, from Cape York to Moreton Bay ;. ‘2) The Dampierian, from Cape York to Shark Bay ; (3) The Adelaidean, from Shark Bay to the Australian Bight along the south coast of Austraba, to Wilson’s Promontory, and including the west side of Tasmania; (4) The Peronian, taking in the east side of Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales, to Moreton Bay. The first and second of these are subdivisions of the great Indo-Pacific Province, and the third and fourth of the Australian Province. Shells have been assigned to each of the four subprovinces, not always ina tentative way, but from the point of view of - the courtiers of King Canute, the creatures being expected to obey the arrangement made for them, however artificial or temporary. Some few years ago specimens of a striking species of Littorina were sent down from Yeppoon, and were submitted to a specialist for determination. He decided that they be- longed to an American species from the North Atlantic, and that they could not have come from Keppel Bay. Recently Dr. Hamlyn-Harris visited Dunk Island and picked up a single specimen of the same Littorina on the island beach. While such mistakes are possible, it is well to make our schemes of distribution elastic, until the gaps in our information have been filled in. My main purpose in placing this information before the Royal Society of Queensland is to show how little is being done for Queensland conchology within the State, and to point out to possible workers what a wide field and what splendid opportunities lie waiting for them. With the opening of the Queensland University new workezs in biology are being added to our present meagre list, and the known species of marine mollusca, numbering close on two thousand five hundred at present, should in the next few decades be raised to three or four thousand. Of known species little has been recorded about the animals themselves, and large stores of material await the coming of the anatomist, the physiologist and the student of life histories. STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By A. JEFFERIS TURNER, M.D., F.E.S. (Read before the Royal Society of Queensland, 26th April, 1915.) Family ARCTIADA. Subfamily Noline. PISARA HYALOSPILA. dahoomdAoc, with transparent spot. Pisara hyalospila, Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal., Suppl. i., p. 389. 6 2 18-20 mm. Head white. Palpi 3; pale brownish. Antenne grey; basal joint white ; ciliations in g 2. Thorax brown mixed with whitish. Abdomen whitish ; a strong basal dorsal crest pale brown. Legs whitish with some fuscous irroration ; anterior femora and tibie fuscous; anterior and middle tarsi fuscous with white annulations. Forewings suboblong, costa rather strongly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; in ¢ with a square hyaline fovea at 4 with trans- versely striated base and visible on both upper and lower surfaces ; white ; basal third fuscous brown with a darker outwardly curved transverse line from 4 costa to } dorsum ; fovea preceded and followed by a raised tuft of scales ; a fine interrupted dark fuscous line from } costa to mid- dorsum, curved outwards in disc; a thick dark fuscous line from costa before apex to tornus, straight but with a posterior dentation above tornus; a fuscous terminal line ; cilia white with some fusecus irroration. Hindwings with termen rounded grey-whitish, towards base whitish ; cilia whitish. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in June and October. Q Brisbane. Three specimens. 1 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. CELAMA THYRIDOTA. Oveidotos, windowed. Celama thyridota, Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal., Suppl. i., p. 390- 14-16 mm. Head white. Palpi 24}; white external surface suffused with pale fuscous. Antenne white ; in ¢ finely pectinated. Thorax white with some pale fuscous suf- fusion. Abdomen grey-whitish, apices of segments white. Legs white, with some fuscous irroration ; tarsi fuscous annulated with white. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight to beyond middle, then rather abruptly bowed, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; in g with a large oval hyaline fovea in costal and posterior part of cell, and a second narrower similar fovea between bases of veins 6 and 7; white with some fuscous and brownish irroration ; three raised tufts on costa, fuscous-brownish ; first near base ; second at 4, its apex rounded, expanded, dark-fuscous, preceding first fovea; third shorter, its rounded apex lying between the two fovee ; a dark-fuscous dot beneath second tuft ; a fine dark fuscous transverse line at 3, with slight outward projections in middle and above dorsum ; an irregularly dentate pale fuscous sub- terminal line, with subcostal and median projections ; an interrupted pale fuscous terminal line ; cilia white with greyish specks. Hindwings with termen rounded ; grey- whitish ; cilia grey-whitish. Exactly like C. bifascialis, Wlk., which is found in the same localities, except for the ¢ fovew. The only dif- ference I can detect in the 2 is in the shape of the fore- wings, but this may not be trustworthy. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Townsville, in May (g type); Q., Brisbane (l 9). NOLA LECHRIOPA. Aeyunmos, oblique-looking. Nola lechriopa, Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal., Suppl. i., p. 418 ; Py. 24, £: 10. S$ 2 16-18 mm. Head whice, irrorated with grey- Palpi 3; grey. Antenne grey-whitish; in @ with BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 13 moderately long ciliations (2). Thorax grey, with slight fuscous irroration. Abdomen pale grey. Legs whitish, wich fuscous irroration; anterior pair fuscous; all tarsi fuscous with whitish annulations. Forewings elongate- triangular, costa moderately arched, more strongly towards apex, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; grey, with slight fuscous and whitish irroration: seca small tufts of raised scales beneath costa, near base, at 2, and middle, fuscous ; a slender fuscous line, internally oblique, from second tuft, bent outwards and dentate near dorsum, ending on 4 dorsum; a dark fuscous finely dentate line from 2 costa, at first outwards, then strongly sinuate and very obliquely inwards, bent outwards again beneath middle of disc and ending ondorsum at 3%, its posterior edge suffusedly grey-whitish; a faintly darker dentate subterminal line ; also edged posteriorly with grey-whitish ; some obscure dark terminal dots ; cilia grey, with whitish specks. Hindwings rather elongate, termen gently povaded pale grey ; cilia pale grey. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Brisbane, in July and September; Stradbroke Island, in September ; four specimens. NOLA ZAPLETHES. samdAnOne, of full size. Nola zaplethes, Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal, Suppl. i., p. 418. Pia 2a ste 9: Q@ 28 mm. Head white; face irrorated with pale brownish-fuscous. Palpi 2; pale brownish-fuscous, basal joint dark fuscous. Antenne grey-whitish. Thorax whitish, tegule pale brownish-fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; tarsi fuscous, with whitish annulations ; anterior cox fuscous. Forewings suboblong, costa strongly arched at base, then straight (apex broken), termen obliquely rounded ; whitish ; a broad pale fuscous streak from base along costa to 4; a dark fuscous ring on costa at 2; a pale fuscous suffusion on costal half of disc containing crests of raised scales at 4 and middle; a curved dark fuscous line trom ? costa towards midtermen, then bent parallel to termen 14 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. not reaching tornus ; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; grey-whitish ; cilia grey-whitich. Type (damaged) in Coll. Turner. Q., Mount Tambourine, in November ; one specimen. The locality given by Hampson is incorrect. NOLA PHL@OPHILA. gdovopihoc, bark-loving. Nola phleophila, Hmps. Cat. Lep. Phal., Suppl. i., p. 419. 1s Bog: a ica La S Q 22-24 mm. Head white, with a few dark fuscous scales. Palpi 3; whitish, towards base dark-fuscous, in Q mostly dark-fuscous. Antenne grey-whitish, towards base white; ciliations in g 2. Abdomen pale fuscous ochreous-tinged ; tuft whitish-ochreous. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings. suboval, costa strongly and uniformly arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish with fuscous irroration ; mark- ings dark-fuscous ; a short broad streak from base of costa ending in a raised tuft ; a fine line from } costa obliquely outwards to a raised tuft, there sharply angled, again angled outwards, then curved to 4 dorsum ; a third tuft beneath mid-costa connected by a subcostal streak — with second tuft ; a second line from midcosta very obliquely outwards, then curved and continued by interrupted dots to mid-dorsum ; some fine streaks on veins in subterminal area, with some whitish streaks succeeding them, and in Q a series of short streaks running into termen; cilia grey barred with whitish, apices whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; grey ; cilia pale grey. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Brisbane, in July and August; three specimens on tree trunks. NoOLA BELOTYPA. Bedotunoc, marked with a dart. Nola belotypa, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 421, Pl. 24, f. 15. S Q 21-22 mm. Head white; in Q grey. Palpi 5; grey, internal surface whitish. Antenne pale grey, towards BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 15 base whitish ; ciliations in g 2. Thorax grey, anteriorly in ¢ white. Abdomen grey-whitish. Legs fuscous ; posterior pair whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish suffused with pale brownish-fuscous ; markings dark-fusccus; a subcostal streak from base of costa to middle, gradually attenuating, with a raised tuft at 4 of disc and at termination; a very oblique sharply and finely dentate line from 3 costa to mid-dorsum, succeeded by a whitish shade; cilia grey irrorated with whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; pale grey, cilia pale grey. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Ebor in January; Mount Victoria, . near Katoomba, in February; two specimens. The locality given by Hampson is incorrect. Subfamily Lithosiane. GRAPHOSIA STENOPEPLA. otevomerhoc, narrow-robed. Graphosia stenopepla, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i, p- 444, Pl. 25, f. 12. 6 Q 24-26 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous. Antenne pale-ochreous; in @ with short ciliations (4), and longer bristles (1). Abdomen and legs whitish-ochreous. Forewings narrow-elongate; costa gently arched towards apex, apex rounded-rectangular, termen obliquely rounded ;_ whitish-ochreous irrorated with fuscous, more so towards termen; a fuscous fascia from 2 costa to mid-dorsum, interrupted beneath costa, its anterior edge straight, posterior edge sharply dentate, in 9 obsolescent ; cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings elongate- ovate, termen rounded; whitish-ochreous; cilia whitish- ochreous. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Atherton ; Q., Mount Tambourine, in November. Two specimens. The locality given by Hampson is incorrect. 16 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. SCOLIACMA XUTHOPIS. Eovbmmic, tawny. Scoliacma xuthopis, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i, p. 461, BLS 2a, hy 22: Q 24 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and _ thorax brownish-ochreous. Abdomen grey, tuft brownish- ochreous. Legs brownish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly dilated, costa evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; brcwnish-ochreous; a faint interrupted fuscous line from 2 dorsum towards 3 costa ; cilia brownish-ochreous. Hindwings with termen sinuate beneath apex, then rounded; pale ochreous; cilia pale ochreous. Type in Coll. Turner. W.A., Albany, in January. One specimen. LEPISTA PULVEREA. Pulvereus, dusty. Lepista pulverea, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 462. Q 23-24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish. Antenne brownish; in Q with short ciliations (4) and longer bristles (1). Abdomen brownish-grey. Legs pale brownish. Forewings narrow-elongate, costa evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish- ochreous unevenly irrorated with pale-fuscous, which sometimes forms a streak along fold, and a median streak beyond middle; cilia whitish-ochreous. Hindwings broadly ovate, termen rounded ; pale ochreous ; cilia pale ochveous. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Burpengary, near Brisbane, in April; Stradbroke Island, in April ; Coolangatta, in March ; three specimens. POLIOSIA ZETESIMA, 7. Sp. $ntHowwoc, to be searched out. Poliosia zatesima (misprint), Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 463, Pl. 25, f. 26. 6 12 mm. Head ochreous-grey-whitish ; face grey. Palpi minute; grey. Antenne ochreous-grey-whitish ; in BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 1i7/ 6 with moderate ciliations (1) and longer bristles (13). Thorax ochreous-grey-whitish. Abdomen ochreous-whitish. Legs grey; posterior pair ochreous-whitish. Forewings narrow, costa moderately and evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-grey-whitish without markings ; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; cilia whitish. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in October; Evelyn Scrub, near Herberton, in December or January; three specimens. HALONE CORYPHAA, nN. Sp. xoovgatoc, chief. This is the species described by Mr. Meyrick (P.L.S. N.S.W., 1886, p. 729) as Mosoda consolatrix, Ros. This is, however, an erroneous identification, as that name is asynonym of Halone sobria, Wik. Inthe British Museum the two species have been confused, and most of the localities given by Sir Geo. Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal. i., p. 279) for sobria are erroneous. The present species has a wide distribution. Q., Warwick. N.S.W., Tenterfield, Glen Innes, Ebor, Bathurst, Mount Kosciusko (4,700ft.). V., Beechworth. HALONE EBA. 7 Batoc, little. Halone ebewa; Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 589, Pies, f. 16. 6 10mm. Head whitish. Palpi rather long (2), very slender ; whitish, apex fuscous. Antenne whitish; in ¢ minutely ciliated. Thorax whitish. Abdomen fuscous, tuft whitish. Legs whitish. Forewings oval, costa strongly and evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded; whitish with a few fuscous scales ; markings fuscous, indistinct ; a dot on midcosta, a second in mid-disc, a third in fold, and a fourth on mid-dorsum, representing an angulated median line; a fine interrupted line from ? costa to 2 dorsum, angulated outwards in disc ; a dot on termen beneath apex, and a second above tornus ; B 18 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly sinuate beneath apex ; pale grey ; cilia pale grey. Type in Coll. Turner. A minute and _ insignificant. species. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in February, March and May ; Innisfail in November ; seven specimens. MACADUMA PICROPTILA. mixoontiAos, with sharp-pointed wings. Macaduma picroptila, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p- 580. Sg 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brown. Antenne brown, in ¢ moderately ciliated (}), with longer bristles (14). Abdomen grey; basal segment and apical tuft brown. Legs whitish-brown. Forewings irregularly quadrate, costa sinuate, strongly bowed at ?, apex acute, produced, termen concave ; 7, 8 and 9 stalked; brown, without defined markings ; a fuscous dot on midcosta and another slightly beyond ; traces of a transverse line from second dot; cilia ochreous-brown. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly sinuate beneath apex; grey ; short brown streaks from base along median and internal veins ; cilia grey. Type in Coll. Turner. -Q., Burpengary, near Brisbane, in April; one specimen. CAPRIMIMA PELOCHROA. mn doyowos, clay-coloured. Caprimima pelochroa, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i. ;. pa Ghl .Pl..32, £216. 6 @Q 15-18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish- fuscous. Antennz brownish-fuscous ; ciliations in ¢ 14. Abdomen brownish-fuscous. Legs _brownish-fuscous ; posterior pair whitish. Forewings triangular, costa rather strongly and evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; brownish-fuscous ; a fine strongly-dentate fuscous line from } costa to 4 dorsum, in ¢ sometimes blackish on costa ; a second similar but more finely dentate and often BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 19: indistinct line from 3 costa to } dorsum, bent outwards in disc ; a similar indistinct subterminal line ; cilia brownish- fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded, slightly sinuate beneath apex ; brownish-fuscous ; cilia brownish-fuscous. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Brisbane, in May and July ; Killarney, in October ; three specimens. The locality given by Hampson is incorrect. TRICHOCEROSIA ZEBRINA. Trichocerosia zebrina, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p 739, Pl. 38, f. 26. S 2 20-25 mm. Head blackish, face orange. Palpi blackish. Antenne blackish; in ¢@ bipectinate to apex, pectinations 6; in Q serrate ; in both sexes hairy on upper surface of shaft. Thorax blackish, tegule orange. Abdomen blackish, apical segments ochreous ; towards base beneath ochreous with two pairs of lateral orange spots. Legs blackish; middle joints of posterior tarsi ochreous. Forewings narrowly elongate-ovate, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; blackish ; a transverse orange streak from dorsum near base, not reaching costa ; an orange spot above dorsum at 4 ; a second orange streak from mid-dorsum, in Q almost reaching midcosta, in ¢ shorter; an ochreous spot just above tornus, with another above in disc, in ¢ these two spots are absent; cilia blackish. Hindwings elongate-ovate ; blackish ; an orange sub-basal spot ; a larger median spot. elongated transversely ; cilia blackish. A brilliant little species very tropical in appearance. It differs from the type in having vein 9 present arising with 8 by a common stalk from 7. Type in Coll. Lyell. N.S.W., Lilyvale, Wingham, and Stanwell Park, near Bulli, in March ; four specimens. Gen. LONTHAS. iovOac, with fine hairs. Ionthas, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 777. Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with hairs above and beneath. Tongue absent. Palpi minute, porrect- 20 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. Antenne of ¢ bipectinate to apex, pectinations long. Anterior coxe hairy. Posterior tibiz with all spurs present. Wings clothed with fine hairs. Forewings with 2 from 2, 3, 4, 5 separately from near angle, 6 from near upper angle, 7, 9 stalked, 8 absent, 10 connate with 9, 11 from 3. Hind- wings with 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximated at base to 4, 6 and 7 stalked, 8 anastomosing with cell to 3. IONTHAS ATARACTA. ataoaxtoc, unperturbed. Ionthas ataracta, Hmps., Cat. Lep. Phal. Suppl. i., p. 777. d 24mm. Head pale ochreous-yellow. Palpi fuscous. Antenne fuscous; pectinations in g very long (10). Thorax fuscous; tegule pale ochreous-yellow. Abdomen ochreous. Legs fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen rounded ; oblique ; pale fuscous; cilia fuscous-whitish. Hindwings broad, termen rounded ; pale ochreous-yellow ; a moderate fuscous terminal band, attenuated shortly beneath apex; cilia pale-fuscous. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Warwick, in October; one specimen. Subfam. Arctiane. RHODOGASTRIA TIMIOLIS, 7. sp. tymodtc, worthy of honour. 3 Q 60-64 mm. Head whitish, with a black dot on crown and another on forehead. Palpi short (1), not nearly reaching vertex; rosy, beneath whitish, apices of joints broadly blackish. Antenne blackish, towards base rosy ; in ¢ with minute almost inappreciable ciliations and shert bristles (4). Thorax whitish with ten black dots, one each on tegule and patagia, and a double row of three on thorax. Abdomen rosy; basal segments in @ partly whitish-ochreous ; a double lateral row of black dots; beneath whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish longitudinally streaked with rosy; tarsi rosy; a black dot on base of anterior coxe. Forewings elongate-oval, costa strongly arched, apex round-pointed, termen slightly rounded, strongly oblique; whitish, semihyaline; a black dot on base of costa, a second on middle of base, and a third BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. Pall closely following second; a pale ochreous-fuscous broad transverse bar beyond middle on end of cell ; a large similar apical patch ; in g whole of basal area to middle and on dorsum to tornus suffused with pale ochreous-fuscous ; cilia whitish, in ¢ pale ochreous-fuscous. Hindwings with termen slightly rounded in Q, more strongly in @; in Q whitish ; in ¢ wholly suffused with pale ochreous-fuscous, with long hairs on basal area, and a darker bar on end of cell ; cilia whitish. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns (Q) ; Townsville in April ; three specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. I have also seen a Q from N.A., Melville Island. The Q from N.Q., Cape York, described by Mr. Meyrick as astreas, Drury, is in all probability the same species. The females of the two species are scarcely distinguishable, but the males are very different Fam. NOCTUIDAE. Subfam. Agrotine. CANTHYLIDIA EURHYTHMA, 2. sp. evov0 oc, well-proportioned. Q 25-26 mm. Head ochreous-whitish; face pale ochreous-fuscous. Palpi ochreous-whitish. Antenne pale ochreous-fuscous. Thorax ochreous-whitish. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, towards base ochreous. Legs ochreous- whitish. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex rounded, termen bowed, oblique; ochreous-whitish ; markings dark-fuscous irrorated with pale-ochreous so as to appear greenish; a broad median band, edged internally by a dentate fuscous line, and including a round whitish median discal spot; a fine dentate line from 3 costa, extending outwards beneath costa, then bent, and slightly sinuate to 2 dorsum; a subterminal transverse shade ; a terminal series of dark-fuscous dots between veins ; cilia grey-whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; ochreous-whitish ; a broad fuscous terminal band; cilia whitish, with a grey sub-basal line. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Gayndah; two specimens received from Dr. Hamilton Kenny. 22 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. ARIATHISA SPILOCROSSA, 7”. sp. onthoxpocaoc, with spotted border. 6 26 mm. Head and palpi dark-fuscous. Antenne dark-fuscous : in g shortly and evenly ciliated (4). Thorax dark-fuscous with a few whitish scales. Abdomen grey. Legs fuscous mixed with whitish; posterior pair paler ; tarsi dark-fuscous annulated with whitish. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa straight, apex rounded, termen scarcely oblique, rounded beneath ; dark-fuscous ; markings and some scattered scales whitish; a short dentate line from costa near base not reaching dorsum ; a dentate line _ from } costa to 4 dorsum; orbicular represented by a minute white dot; reniform by a _ blackish spot, its posterior lower angle produced into a sharp point, edged especially posteriorly by whitish ; two sharply dentate lines from beneath reniform to before tornus; a series of dots along apical half of costa and whole of termen; cilia fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwing grey; cilia whitish, towards apex grey. Type in W.A. Museum. W.A., Busselton, in October ; two specimens. Fam. LYMANTRIAD/. Subfam. Lymantriane. Gen. EUZORA, nov. €0}wpoc, pure. Palpi minute, porrect. Antenne bipectinated in both sexes. Thorax and abdomen not crested. Posterior tibie without middle spurs. Forewings with 2 from 3, 3 from before angle, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 arising before 9, 10 and 11 from cell, no areole. Hindwings with 5 approximated at base to 4, 6 and 7 connate, 8 approximated to cell before middle. Type Porthesia collucens, Luc. This genus is the same as Caragola, Moore, Lep. Atk., p. 46 (1879), Hmps., Moths Ind. i., p. 489, but that name is preoccupied (Gray, Pisces, 1851). BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 23 EUZORA COLLUCENS. Porthesia collucens, Luc., P.L.S. N.S.W., 1889, p. 1090. N.Q., Atherton. Q., Brisbane. I formerly identified this species with clara, WI1k., Cat. Brit. Mus. xxxii., p. 348, but I note that Sir Geo. Hampson, Moths Ind. i., p. 490, states that in that species the palpi and legs are orange, which is not the case in my example. LYMANTRIA ANTENNATA. Lymantria antennata, Wlk., Cat. Brit. Mus., iv., p. 881. Lymantria aurora, Turn., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1902, p. 181 (preeoce.) Lymantria turneri, Swin., Tr. E.S., 1903, p. 484. Aurora = turneri is merely a varietal form. A series of bred specimens shows great variation in the reddish suffusion of abdomen and hindwings. Lymantria maculosa, Wik. Cat. Brit. Mus. iv., p. 881, is a synonym of L. grandis, Wlk., from Ceylon, and the Australian locality may be taken as erroneous. LYMANTRIA NEPHROGRAPHA, 2. Sp. vepooyoagoc, kidney-marked. g 62-65 mm. Head white. Palpi blackish. Antenne fuscous or blackish, pectinations brown. Thorax white. Abdomen white, apices of segments blackish. Legs whitish; tarsi fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, tcrmen nearly straight, oblique; grey-whitish; markings blackish or scmetimes partly reddish ; a basal spot; a spet on costa near base, and another beneath it; a transverse row of four dots at 3; an irregularly dentate line from 4 costa to 4 dorsum ; a dot on costa before middle ; a reniform median pale-centred discal spot; a dentate interrupted line from 2 costa to % dorsum, bent inwards beneath reniform ; a similar subterminal line; a terminal series of dots; cilia whitish, on dots partly blackish. Hindwings subquadrate, obtusely angled on vein 4; fuscous, towards termen grey- whitish ; a terminal series of blackish dots of which the two next tornus are transversely elongate ; cilia as fore- wings. 24 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Mount Tambourine; Killarney, in November ; two specimens. LYMANTRIA PELOSPILA, 7. sp. anhoamhoc, clay-spotted. 6 38 mm. Head white. Palpi whitish, faintly brownish-tinged. | Antenne ochreous-whitish. Thorax white. Abdomen whitish, towards base ochreous-tinged. Legs whitish. Forewings broadly triangular, costa straight to beyond middle, then strongly arched, apex rounded, termen nearly straight, 1ounded beneath, slightly oblique ; white ; a brown subcostal spot near base, and a second beneath it ; a straight row of brown dots from }$ costa to ; dorsum ; a suffused brownish fascia from + costa bent outwards in disc, and then strongly inwards, then outwards again to * dorsum; a suffused interrupted line from 2 costa joining fascia ; cilia white. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded ; white ; cilia white. Veins 6 and 7 of hindwings are short-stalked, which is unusual in this genus. Type in Coll. Turner. . N.T., Port Darwin, in October ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. IMAUS MARGINEPUNCTATA. B—Bak., Nov. Zool. 1904, p. 410. N.Q., Atherton; Kuranda, near Cairns in November, December, and February. Also from New Guinea. Subfam. Antheline. ANTHELA CHRYSOCROSSA, 1. Sp. yovaoxpoococ, with golden border. 36 38 mm. Head fuscous, back of crown ochreous. Palpi fuscous, beneath ochreous. Antenne pale ochreous, pectinations fuscous. Thorax fuscous; patagia with a basal ochreous spot. Abdomen densely clothed with very long hairs towards apex ; fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight nearly to apex, apex rounded, termen strongly rounded, slightly oblique ; fuscous, partly suffused with orange-ochreous ; markings orange-ochreous ; a streak BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 25 along costa from base to 3; a small discal spot at +, and another somewhat larger at middle ; a fine strongly dentate subterminal line; cilia pale ochreous, bases mixed with fuscous. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded ; dark fuscous ; an ochreous discal dot at 4; an orange-ochreous narrow terminal band containing a few dark-fuscous scales, its anterior edge dentate; cilia orange-ochreous, apices paler. Underside of forewings ochreous; discal dots faintly outlined and followed by a slight fuscous suffusion ; a short fuscous line from costa at 2? ; an interrupted dentate dark-fuscous subterminal line ; a suffused fuscous terminal line not reaching tornus; of hindwings like upperside but with larger discal spot. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Batchelor, near Stapleton ; one specimen received from Mr. G. F. Hill. ANTHELA OCHRONEURA, N. Sp. @yoovevooc, pale-nerved. 6 38 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish. Palpi brownish-ochreous. Antenne ochreous-whitish, pectinations brown. Abdomen pale brownish-fuscous ; tuft and underside ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish ; anterior and middle pairs fuscous on anterior surface. Forewings triangular, costa straight, arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen strengly rounded, rather outwardly oblique; pale brownish-fuscous with strongly marked ochreous-whitish lines along veins ; comprising a wide subcostal streak bifurcating beyond middle, and reuniting before apex, giving off five streaks to costa, apex and termen; a median streak giving off four streaks to termen; and a subdorsal streak ending in tornus ; dorsal edge ochreous-whitish ; cilia whitish, bases barred with pale brownish-fuscous. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded ; pale brownish-fuscous ; veins outlined by slender whitish lines; cilia as forewings. Underside similar, but lines on forewing cbsolescent. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Stapleton, in January ; two specimens received from Mr. G. F. Hill. 26 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. ANTHELA RUBICUNDA. S Darala rubicunda, Swin., A.M.N.H. (7), ix., p. 419 (1902). S Anthela phenicias, Turn., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1902, p. 182. Q Anthela aspilota, Turn., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1902, p. 182. In spite of the difference in colour, the g being reddish- purple and the Q ochreous, I now believe these two sexes to be of the same species, which has a wide distribution. N.Q., Cairns, Stannary Hills. Q., Brisbane, Stanthorpe. N.W.A., Roeburne. Fam. THYRIDIDA. Gen. ABROTESIA, nov. aBowtnyotoc, unfit for eating. Head rounded. Tongue obsolete. (Palpi unknown). Antenne of ¢ shortly bipectinate. Thorax and abdomen moderately stout. Posterior tibize not hairy. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 9 and 10 short-stalked. Hindwings with 5 from below middle of discocellulars, but remote from 4, 6 and 7 remote at origin. ABROTESIA GRIPHODES, 2. Sp. youpworc, reticulated. S$ 20 mm. Head reddish-brown. (Palpi broken). Antenne reddish-brown; in 4 shortly bipectinate (1). Thorax dark-brown; tegule and posterior end reddish- brown. Abdomen dark-brown, apices of segments ochreous. Legs brownish-ochreous. Forewings triangular, costa _ straight, apex round-pointed, termen strongly bowed, oblique ; brownish-ochreous coarsely reticulated with brown- fuscous ; a broad dorsal streak ; a transverse fascia at 4, and another at 3, with some fine transverse lines before and between fasciz ; coarse reticulations between second fascia and apex; cilia brown-fuscous. Hindwings with termen slightly rounded ; similar to forewings, but with fasciz narrower. Underside similar, but pale-ochreous. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in January ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 27 ven. CYDRASTIS, nov. xvdoaotic, illustrious. Frons rounded. Tongue well-developed. Palpi iong, porrect ; terminal joint long, stout, obtuse. Antenne of 6 (unknown). Thorax and abdomen moderately stout. Posterior tibia hairy. Forewings with 7 and 8 stalked, 9 and 10 parallel and closely approximated. Hindwings with 5 approximated to 4 at origin, 7 from before angle of cell, closely approximated to 8 for a short distance. Allied to Aglaopus, Turn, with which it agrees in neuration, but differs markedly in the palpi. CYDRASTIS CARYCINA, 7. sp. xaovuivoc, blood-red. Q 24 mm. Head yellowish mixed with red; face bright red. Palpi 23, second joint long, slightly rough- haired ; terminal joint } second, smooth ; yellowish mixed with red. Thorax and abdomen red mixed with pale- yellow and a few fuscous scales. Legs ochreous ; anterior coxe and femora red anteriorly ; anterior tibize and tarsi fuscous anteriorly. Forewings triangular, costa moderately arched, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, slightly oblique ; bright red with numerous thickly-set pale-yellow spots ; costa] edge fuscous; a series of fuscous subcostal spots confluent with this: a double transverse row of fuscous spots before middle ; some small fuscous spots irregularly scattered in posterior part of disc ; cilia yellowish, towards tornus reddish, on dorsum fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; as forewings. Type in Coll. Lyell. N.Q., Evelyn Scrub, near Herberton; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. STRIGLINA GLAREOLA. Siculodes ? glareola, Feld., Reise Nov. Pl. 134, f. 11. Songara vittata, Moore, P.Z.S., 1883, p. 27, Pl. vi., f. 7. Songara decussata, Moore, P.Z.S., 1883, p. 27, Pl. vi., f. 8. Striglina sordida, Pag., Iris v., p. 47. Siculodes platyntis, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1894, p. 479. 28 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. Striglina duplicifimbria, Warr., A.M.N.H. (6), xviii., p. 272. Striglina decussata, Hmps., Moths Ind. i., p. 354. Striglina glareola, Hmps., P.Z.S., 1897, p. 613. This species appears variable. My examples agree fairly well with the description of Sir Geo. Hampson. Moore’s figures are poor, Felder’s is quite unrecognisable, but I believe Sir Geo. Hampson has examined his type. N.A., Melville and Bathurst Islands (W. D. Dodd). Also from Java, Borneo, Ceylon, and India. Gen. RHODONEURA. In my revision of this family (Ann. Q. Mus. x., p. 97), I overlooked an important character. This is a large expanded tuft of scales arising from the base of the costa beneath, and overlying the frenulum. It is present in both sexes, not only in this genus but also in the genera. Oxycophina, Hypolamprus, Obelura, and Addea, but is absent in Striglina and the other Australian genera of this family. RHODONEURA SPLENDIDA. Pharambara splendida, Butl., A.M.N.H. (5), xx., p. 117 (1887), Hmps. Moths Ind., i., p. 363. Pharambara parcipunctalis, Warr., A.M.N.H. (6), xvii, p- 210. Rhodoneura rhaphiducha, Turn., Ann. Q. Mus. x., p. 106 (1910). N.Q., Cairns, Herberton. Also from Solomons and India. RHODONEURA SUBMICANS. Dohertya submicans, Warr., Nov. Zool. xv., p. 330 (1908). Rhodoneura crypsilitha, Turn., Ann. Q. Mus. x., p. 105 (1910). Q., Brisbane. Also from New Guinea. RHODONEURA GIULIA. Rhodoneura giulia, Swin. A.M.N.H. (7), x., p. 50 (1902). Q 22 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne pale brownish- ochreous. Thorax pale brownish-ochreous, posteriorly whitish. Abdomen brownish-grey, towards base pale brownish-ochreous ; a fuscous band on dorsum on apex BY A JEFFERIS TURNER. 29 of fifth segment. Forelegs brownish-grey, apices of tibize and tarsal joints whitish ; (other legs broken). Forewings triangular, costa straight to near apex, apex rounded, termen slightly sinuate beneath apex, then strongly bowed, oblique ; pale brownish-ochreous, markings pale-fuscous ; four rectangular costal spots, first near base, second at }, third before middle, fourth, rather larger, at 2? ; an oblique streak from mid-dorsum to beneath 3 costa; a subapical blotch connected with mid-termen ; some short transverse strigulz dispersed in disc ; cilia whitish barred with fuscous on veins 2, 3, 4, and 7. Hindwings with termen doubly sinuate ; colour and strigule as forewings; a transverse fuscous streak before middle ; a second streak from tornus along termen for a short distance ; cilia whitish. Underside similar but groundcolour paler, markings dark-fuscous and more clearly defined. My example corresponds closely to Swinhoe’s descrip- tion, except that in this the ground colour is ‘‘ orange-red.” N.Q., Evelyn Scrub, near Herberton, in January ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Also from New Guinea. RHODONEURA MOLYBDITIS, n. sp. bodvpoitic, leaden. 2 18 mm. Head brewnish-ochreous ; face fuscous. Palpi pale fuscous, lower edge whitish. Antenne whitish- ochreous. Thorax fuscous-brown; tegule brownish- ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous partly suffused with fuscous. Legs whitish-ochreous ; anterior pair fuscous with whitish annulations. Forewings obovate, costa straight to near apex, apex rounded, termen sinuate beneath apex, strongly bowed on vein 3, oblique; leaden-fuscous with obscure ochreous reticulations towards margins, on costa these are more conspicuous and whitish ; cilia ochreous- whitish, barred with dark-fuscous at apex and broadly so opposite veins 3 and 4. Hindwings with termen sinuate beneath apex and bowed on vein 4; ochreous finely reticulated with fuscous ; three fuscous fascize from dorsum at base, middle, and tornus, reaching about middle of disc ; cilia ochreous with some obscure fuscous bars, apices whitish. Underside whitish-ochreous; forewings with 30 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. angular spots more or less confluent, forming interrupted antemedian, postmedian, and subterminal lines, vhe last connected with mid-termen; hindwings marked as on upper side. ‘ Type in Coll Turner. N.A., Port Darwin; one specimen received from Mr. G: ¥. Hill. ADDHA ANERANNA, 2. Sp. avegarvoc, unlcvely. Q@ 17 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne ochreous- whitish. Thorax and abdomen ochreous-grey-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish; tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight, beyond middle slightly sinuate, apex acute and slightiy produced, vermen sinuate beneath apex, then strongly bowed, oblique; ochveous- whitish, merkings pale brownish-fuscous; costa finely strigulated ; an ill-defined basal patch ; a postmedian fascia, well defined towards costa, towards dorsum lost in a strigulated dark shade which extends broadly along tornus and termen to beneath apex; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings triangular, apex round-pointed, termen straight ; as forewings but without basal patch and postmedian fascia. Underside similar but more distinct. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin; one specimen received from Mr. BE Dodd. Fem. PYRALID. Subfam. Crambine. PLATYTES IDIOPTILA, 7. sp. wrontihoc, with peculiar wing. 6 44 mm. Head whitish. Palpi 3; pale ochreous- brown, upper edge and internal surface whitish. Antenne ochreous-whitish, beneath pale fuscous; in g somewhat: thickened and flattened. Thorax whitish, patagia reddish- brown. Abdomen whitish. Legs whitish; anterior pair ochreous-brown anteriorly. Forewings’ elongate, not. dilated, costa moderately arched, apex rounded, tornus deeply incised at vein 3, the incision overhung by a hooklike BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. ol projection containing vein 4; whitish, strongly suffused with reddish-brown and fuscous except dorsal area and costal edge ; an interrupted fuscous line from beneath & costa, outwardly oblique, then bent strongly inwards towards % dorsum; cilia grey, apices whitish, on apex whitish, on hook fuscous, on incision whitish. Hindwings more than twice breadth of forewings, termen sinuate ; whitish, thinly scaled ; cilia whitish. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Brewarrina; one specimen received from Mr. W. W. Froggatt. Very little is yet known of the lepidoptera of the western interior, and the advent of this large and remarkable form shows that there is still much to be discovered. Subfam. Schoenobiane. Gen. STYPHLOLEPIS. Hmps., P.Z.S., 1895, p. 912. I have but one example (@) of S. sguamosalis, the only described species, and in this veins 6 and 7 of the forewings are separate at origin, not stalked, as stated by Hampson. I mention this as the latter structure, which is peculiar, occurs in the @ of the following species. Probably the difference in neuration is sexual. STYPHLOLEPIS AGENOR, 7. sp. aynvoe, splendid. 6 46-48 mm. Head whitish-grey. Palpi 3 ; whitish- grey, base beneath white. Antenne of g flattened, thickened towards base, and shortly laminate ; ochreous- fuscous. Thorax and abdomen grey. Legs whitish. Forewings with costa straight for 3, then moderately arched, apex acute, termen sinuate beneath apex and abc ve costa, in middle rather strcngly bowed, oblique ; 6 and 7 stalked in @ separate in 9, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; grey-whitish coarsely irrorated with dark grey ; some ochreous suffusion near base; 2 faint cblique grey line at &; cilia fuscous with a white patch above tornus. Hindwings with termen gently round.d; orange-cchreous towards apex suffused with grey ; a short fine grey line from # costa parallel to 32 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. termen ; cilia whitish, cn apex grey, with a fuscous basal line except on tornus and dorsum. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Brewairina:; two specimens received from Mr. W. W. Froggatt, who informs me that the larve bore the stems of Capparis mitchelli, feeding for about twelve months in the wood and finally killing the tree. This is an even finer discovery than the previous species described from the same locality. Subfam. Pyraline. CANGETTA AMMOCHROA, 1. sp. ajoxooos, sand-coloured. 6 10 mm. Head pale-brown; face whitish. Palpi pale-brown ; apex of second joint blackish ; terminal joint white. Antenne brown-whitish. Thorax pale-brown. Abdomen pale-brown, apices of segments whitish, but apex of ninth segment blackish. Legs whitish. Forewings triangular, costa straight, arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen rounded, scarcely oblique ; pale-brown ; a costal fuscous streak to 4; two brown transverse lines, fuscous on costa; first at 4, outwardly curved; second from 2 costa to ? dorsum, nearly straight ; four or five brown-fuscous dots on apical half of termen, edged by a narrow whitish shade ; cilia white with a fuscous sub-basal line. Hindwings with termen gently rounded ; as forewings but without first line ; a line from 2 costa forming a v-shaped curve in disc, and ending on dorsum near tornus. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in January ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. Gen. TANAOBELA, nov. tavaopehoc, with long weapons (palpi). Frons with a short projecting tuft. Tongue present. Palpi extremely long (12), porrect ; second joint extremely long, thickened with long loose scales above and beneath ; terminal joint about 4 second, spathulate, much thickened with loosely spreading scales at apex. Maxillary palpi long (1), triangularly dilated with scales. (Antenne of ¢ BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 33 unknown). Forewings with discocellulars very obliquely angled inwards, 2 from 3, 3 from well before angle, 4 from angle, 5 from a little above angle, 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked, 6 and 7 arising by a common stalk which is very shortly coincident with that of 8, 9, 10 from well before upper angle, 11 from 2, running into 12. Hindwings with 4 and 5 stalked, 6 and 7 connate, 7 anastomosing with 8 for a short distance. This peculiar genus with its extraordinary palpi appears to be nearest Lamacha, Wlk. (Hmps. Tr. E.S., 1896, p. 526), though in this genus vein 7 of the hindwings and veins 6 and 11 of the forewings are free. TANAOBELA CHRYSOCHLORA, 2. sp. yovooyAwooc, golden green. Q 20 mm. Head yellowish-green. Palpi pinkish- white densely irrorated with fuscous, inner surface whitish- ochreous. Antenne pale ochreous-fuscous. Thorax yellowish-green. Abdomen pale-ochreous. Legs ochreous- whitish ; anterior and middle tarsi annulated with dark- fuscous, posterior tarsi with pinkish. Forewings triangular, costa nearly straight, apex rounded-rectangular, termen straight, slightly oblique ; yellowish-green without defined markings ; a brownish streak on base of costa, and a minute dot beneath mid-costa; traces of a pale-fuscous dentate transverse line at 2; some fuscous suffusion at tornus ; cilia dark brownish-fuscous. Hindwings with termen strongly rounded; pale-pinkish; a narrow dark-fuscous sub-dorsal blotch, from the base of which arises a long tuft of pinkish hairs ; cilia grey, on dorsum whitish. Type (damaged) in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in May; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. TITANOCEROS CATAPHANES. Axiocrita cataphanes, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1912, p. 136. The genus Axiocrita must be dropped unless the ¢ shows reason for its retention. My type is a Q; my error arose from overlooking the fact that in this group there is a single bristle in the frenulum in both sexes. The species is very similar to the Q of 7. cataxautha, Meyr., C 34 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. but is certainly distinct. The much longer slender palpi, and the snow-white spot on base of anterior coxe are in themselves sufficient distinctions. MACALLA ZOPHERA. Macalla zophera, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1903, p. 196. Macalla mixtirosalis, Hmps., A.M.N.H. (7), xvii., p. 135 (1906). Q., Duaringa, Brisbane. MACALLA PENTABELA, 1. Sp. mevtapedoc, with five arrows, or darts. 6 35 mm. Head greenish-fuscous. Palpi greenish- fuscous with some whitish scales. Antenne fuscous; in 6 dentate with fascicles of rather long cilia (14) ; antennal processes dark-fuscous. Thorax reddish-whitish ; patagia and tegule greenish. Abdomen whitish rather densely irrorated with fuscous. Legs dark-fuscous mixed with reddish and whitish scales ; tarsi annulated with whitish. Forewings triangular, costa almost straight, a slight incision at 2 preceded by a small glandular (?) thickening, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, slightly oblique; whitish suffused with greenish and irrorated with dark fuscous ; a strong tuft of raised scales in disc at 4, anteriorly whitish posteriorly dark-fuscous ; a dark fuscous line from 4 costa to dorsum before middle ; a finely dentate slender fuscous line edged posteriorly with whitish, bent first outwards. and then inwards to ? dorsum ; median area whitish towards costa ; a whitish subcostal tuft just beyond first line; a suffused dark-fuscous broad line from dorsal end of first line curved outwards along edge of cell, and emitting five slender streaks along veins 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; terminal area whitish towards tornus ; a terminal series of whitish dots on ends of veins; cilia reddish-whitish barred with fuscous. Hindwings with termen gently bowed ; whitish, towards termen fuscous ; a short dentate line from 3 costa, terminal dots and cilia as forewings. Underside of fore- wings with dentate postmedian line well marked. Type in Coll. Goldfinch. N.S.W., Mount Kosciusko (5,000ft.), in January ; one specimen taken by Mr. G. N. Goldfinch. BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 35 MACALLA EUPEPLA, 7. sp. epmenhoc, well-clothed. Q 36 mm. Head ochreous-green mixed with white. Palpi ochreous-green mixed with white and rosy ; terminal joint rosy, apex whitish. Antennz ochreous-green, at base mixed with white and rosy. Thorax ochreous-green mixed with whitish and rosy. Abdomen white mixed with fuscous and rosy, towards base and at apex suffused with ochreous-green. Legs fuscous, annulated with white and irrorated with rosy. Forewings triangular, costa straight, slightly arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; ochreous-green patchily irrorated with fuscous, white, and rosy scales; a triangular basal patch extending to 4, its outer portion wholly ochreous-green ; a transverse rosy line following this ; a white spot on costa at 3, extending as a dentate line a short way into disc, at its extremity two blackish dots ; a white spot above dorsum at 3 edged anteriorly and posteriorly with blackish ; some short blackish streaks on veins beyond 3 ; a rosy and white terminal shade, with a terminal series of ochreous- green spots; cilia whitish, bases barred with ochreous- green, apices with pale-rosy. Hindwings with termen rounded ; whitish ; towards termen shaded with fuscous ; cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in June; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. EPIPASCHIA CLETOLIS. Also in British Museum from New Guinea. ORTHAGA PICTA. Stricta picta, Warr., A.M.N.H. (6), xvi., p. 461. N.Q., Kuranda. near Cairns, in June; one ¢ specimen (Dodd). Gen. TERMIOPTYCHA. Termioptycha, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1889, p. 504 ; Hmps., ibe -E.S., 1896, p. 451. Sialocyttara, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1912, p. 134. My description needs amendment in two particulars. The forewing of ¢ is not abbreviated, but the termen is 36 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. broadly folded over beneath, and vein 10 anastomoses with 9 beyond 7 in both sexes. TERMIOPTYCHA CYANOPA. Termioptycha cyanopa, Meyr., Tr. E.S., 1889, p. 505. Sialocyttara erasta, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1912, p. 134. N.Q., Cairns. Also from New Guinea. Subfam. Pyraustine. Gen. THOLERASTIS, nov. OodAeoaotic, turbid, muddy. Frons not projecting. Tongue present. Palpi long, ascending, recurved; terminal joint as long as second, slender, acuminate. Maxillary palpi moderately dilated. Forewings rather narrow, 5 absent, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hindwings with 5 absent, 8 anastomosing with cell and with 7. A derivative of Nymphula. THOLERASTIS ELAPHRA, 7. Sp. éhagooc, light. Q 16 mm. Head, palpi, antenne, and _ thorax fuscous. Abdomen and legs pale fuscous. Forewings narrowly triangular, costa straight for %, gently arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; fuscous-whitish suffused with fuscous; a fuscous spot beneath costa just beyond middle; a pale submarginal line ; cilia fuscous-whitish with a fuscous basal line. Hindwings with termen rounded ; whitish with some pale grey suffusion ; cilia whitish with a grey basal line. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Killarney, in November; one specimen. CATACLYSTA PERICOMPSA, 7. Sp. MEOLKOUYOS, exquisite. S$ 9 11-14 mm. Head, whitish. Palpi 14; fuscous, apices whitish. Antenne fuscous-whitish; ciliations in g 4. Thorax fuscous ; patagia mostly whitish. Abdomen fuscous or ochreous-brown, beneath whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior coxe and femora fuscous; anterior tibie and tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings elongate- BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. ou triangular, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed, termen slightly rounded, oblique ; 10 from cell ; brownish- ochreous sometimes partly suffused with fuscous ; markings white edged with fuscous ; short broad subcostal and dorsal streaks from base ; two sickle-shaped fascie from dorsum at 4 and 4, outwardly curved, not quite reaching costa, narrowly connected beneath costa; a subcostal spot just beyond second fascia; a dorsal spot at 3; a bar from ? costa to about middle of disc; a subterminal fascia from costa ending above tornus, mostly suffused with fuscous ; cilia white with a dark-fuscous basal line, on apex and tornus fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; 7 and 8 coincident ; colour as forewings; basal streaks present or absent ; a transverse fascia at + sometimes interrupted by a fuscous septum ; a fascia from ? costa describing a sharp curve before apex and continued to dorsum near tornus, its curve including anteriorly an elongate spot ; a black subterminal streak from beneath apex to before tornus, connected by bars with termen, and including five or six silvery dots; cilia white with a fuscous basal line. Type in Coll. Turner. + N.A., Port Darwin; five specimens received from Mr. G. F. Hill. MUSOTIMA STICTOCHROA, nN. sp. otixtoxoooc, speckled. Q@ 14mm. Head whitish, irrorated with dark-fuscous. Palpi whitish with dark-fuscous annulations. Antenne dark-fuscous. Thorax dark-fuscous with some whitish scales. Abdomen dark-fuscous mixed with whitish- ochreous, apices of segments whitish. Legs fuscous ; tarsi partly whitish. Forewings triangular, costa twice sinuate, apex rounded ; termen deeply sinuate beneath apex, then strongly bowed, incised above tornus ; moderately oblique ; dark-fuscous with some whitish-ochreous irroration ; a fine whitish transverse line at 4, angled outwardly in middle ; a large oblong white discal spot beyond middle ; a second fine whitish line from # costa parallel to termen, then bent to below discal spot, and again bent at right angle to end in 2 dorsum ; a white subapical dot giving rise to an obscure 38 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. subterminal line of dots, ending in a white subtornal dot ; cilia fuscéus barred with white beneath apex, in sinuation, and in subtornal incision. Hindwings with termen deeply sinuate beneath apex, irregularly dentate towards tornus ; colour as in forewings; a curved transverse whitish line at } ; a white discal spot before middle ; a whitish line from % costa at first sinuate and approaching termen, dentate in middle, then bent inwards, and again bent to end in dorsum above tornus ; cilia dark-fuscous, irregularly barred with white. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Ebor (4,000ft.), in January; one specimen. Gen. TRIGONOBELA, nov. toryovopedoc, with triangular weapons (palpi). Frons flat. Tongue well-developed. Palpi moderately long, curved, ascending ; basal and second joint densely clothed with long scales beneath, forming a triangular mass on second joint; terminal joint triangularly scaled, and forming an angle with second joint. Maxillary palpi filiform. (Antenne in g unknown). Posterior tibie with outer spurs about } inner. Forewings with 3, 4, 5 approximated at base, 6 from above middle, 7 approximated at base to 8 and nearly straight, 8, 9 long-stalked, 10 separate but closely approximated to their common stalk. Hindwings with 3, 4, 5 approximated at base, and 4, 5 approximated for a short distance, 6 and 7 connate, 7 anastomosing with 8 for about } its length. The terminal joint of labial palpi resembles that of Agrotera, but in that genus the scaling of the first and second joints forms three distinct triangles. TRIGONOBELA NEBRIDOPEPLA, 2. Sp. vefoldonenhoc, clad in a fawn-skin. Q 34 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous- brown, base sharply ochreous-whitish. Antenne pale- brown. Thorax and abdomen pale-brown. Legs brown- whitish ; anterior tibie and tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa scarcely arched, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, strongly oblique ; pale-brown BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 39 with pale-fuscous markings, and pale-ochrecus spots; a dentate transverse line at }:; a pale-centred discal spot before middle; a dentate line from ? costa, obsolete towards dorsum, preceded and followed by some small pale-ochreous spots; a subterminal series of pale-fuscous spots, succeeded by a series of pale-ochreous spots ; cilia pale-fuscous. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate ; colour and markings as forewings but lines not dentate. {n its peculiar colouring and faint ill-defined markings this species is not like any other. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in October ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd, with the note that the larva is an internal feeder in a species of scrub cane. SYLEPTA POLYTIMETA, 2. sp. noAvtipntoc, precious. 6 25 mm. Head yellow ; face whitish-yellow. Palpi whitish-yellow ; basal joint black. Antenne whitish- ochrecus ; ciliations in ¢@ 1. Thorax yellow. Abdomen yellow, apices of segments white, but apices of ninth and tenth segments black. Legs whitish-yellow ; anterior tarsi, apex of anterior tibie and base of anterior and middle tibiz annulated with black. Forewings triangular, costa straight, gently arched beyond middle, apex round-pointed, termen slightly bowed, oblique ; whitish with five partly- connected deep-yellow transverse tasciz, near base, at 4, at middle, ac 3, and on termen; four conspicuous black spots, on costa near base, on costa at }, in disc beneath midecosta, and on costa at 3; a fine blackish te:minal line, broader beneath apex; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen slightly sinuate ; as forewings but with only four yellow fasciz, which are obsolete towards costa, and with only one black spot at apex. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in December; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd, and I have seen another from the same locality. 40 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. SYLEPTA ZOPHOSTICTA, 1. sp. Copootixtoc, dark-spotted. 6 24 mm. Head whitish-ochreous; lower half of face fuscous. Palpi white; terminal joint and apices of first and second joints dark-fuscous. Antenne whitish ; ciliations in ¢ 1. Thorax whitish-ochreous ; shoulders narrowly dark-fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-whitish with a pair of dark-fuscous dots on apex of second segment. Legs whitish, base and apex of anterior tibie and terminal joints of anterior tarsi dark-fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight, arched towards apex, apex round-pointed, termen slightly bowed, oblique; whitish-ochreous; a fuscous streak along costa throughout ; dots dark-fuscous ; one on dorsum near base; one at 4} just beneath costal streak ; another larger similarly placed at middle; a line of fine dots from ? costa, bent outwards in disc, again bent inwards, and ending in a dot above 3 dorsum ; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen gently rounded ; colour and cilia as forewings ; a large median discal dot at 4; a line of fine dots from costa at 3, slightly bent outwards in disc, obsolete towards dorsum, but represented by a dot on dorsum at ? ; a spot on apex. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in December; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. SYLEPTA EMMETRIS, 7”. sp. éupetots, measured, moderate. Q 27 mm. Head whitish-ochreous; face whitish. Palpi whitish, towards apex greyish. Antenne whitish- ochreous. Thorax whitish-ochreous. Abdomen ochreous- whitish. Legs whitish; base and apex of anterior tibiz pale-fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight, arched towards apex, apex round-pointed, termen nearly straight, oblique; whitish-brown-ochreous ; markings fuscous; a line from 4 costa to } dorsum, slightly curved outwards ; a transverse discal mark before middle ; a line from % costa, slightly dentate at commencement, curved a little outwards in disc, then bent inwards at a right angle tu beneath discal mark, bent again at a right angle, and ending on % BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 41 dorsum ; cilia ochreous-whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded ; as forewings but without first line. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in November; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. SYLEPTA PLACOPHZA, 7. sp. tiaxopatos, broadly fuscous. Q 36 mm. Head and thorax fuscous. Palpi with terminal joint slender, acute; fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, towards base fuscous-whitish. Legs fuscous ; anterior tibiz and all tarsi annulated with whitish- ochreous. Forewings triangular, costa gently arched, more strongly towards apex, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, oblique ; brown-whitish, markings fuscous; a moderate basal patch ; a subcostal spot at 4, succeeded by an oval pale-centred subcostal spot ; a dentate line from 3 costa, bent inwards below middle to beneath second spot, and then at a right angle to 3 dorsum ; a broad terminal fascia separated from the preceding by a fine dentate whitish line ; cilia fuscous, bases barred with whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; fuscous, towards base suffused with brown-whitish ; a median fuscous pale-centred spot at 4; a whitish subcostal spot at 4, giving rise to a fine dentate whitish line as far as vein 2; a whitish line from vein 2 at middle of disc nearly to tornus ; cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. Referred to this genus for the present, but the slender acute terminal joint of palpi renders its position doubtful. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in January ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. SYLEPTA HICANA, Nn. sp. ixavoc, befitting. 6 @Q 17-21 mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous ; base sharply white ; terminal joint short, obtuse, whitish. Antennze whitish-ochreous; ciliations in ¢ extremely minute. Thorax whitish-ochreous, towards base mixed with white; terminal segment white with fuscous apex and whitish-ochreous tuft. Legs whitish; anterior 42 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. coxe and femora pale-fuscous; anterior tibie and _ tarsi annulated with fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight to near apex, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, strongly oblique ; whitish-ochreous with some pale-fuscous suffusion especially on costa ; a white subcostal dot at 4; a squarish white subcostal spot, outlined with fuscous, at 4; a fuscous line from anterior margin of this to 4 dorsum ; a fuscous line from 2 costa very obliquely outwards for a short distance, then acutely toothed and transverse to middle of disc ; space between this and following line clear white; a dentate line from shortly beyond preceding, at first transverse, then bent inwards at a right angle to beneath middle of disc, again bent and sinuate to 3 dorsum ; cilia fuscous, apices clear white. Hindwings with termen slightly rounded; whitish-ochreous with fuscous lines ; a dentate transverse line at 1; a dentate line from % costa gradually approaching termen, beyond middle sharply bent inwards and continued to 2 dorsum; a_ fuscous terminal line; cilia white, towards tornus with a fuscous basal line. Sir Geo. Hampson refers this species to the genus Samea. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in October and January; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. TYSPANODES METACHRYSIALIS. Tyspanodes metachrysialis, Low., Tr. R.S.8.A., 1903, p- 63. Tyspanodes pheosticha, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1912, p. 146. Gen. TORQUEOLA. Torqueola, Swin., A.M.N.H. (7), xvii., p. 382 (1906). Frons flat. Tongue well-developed. Palpi moderately long, ascending, appressed to face ; second joint moderately thickened with loosely appressed scales, but not dilated nor tufted, terminal joint short, obtuse, dilated fanwise with loose scales. Maxillary palpi minute. Antenne of ¢ with basal joint much dilated and excavated into a deep notch on inner side, with a short corneous spine from lower margin of notch, then simple to 4, from 4 to middle dilated and shortly bipectinate, from middle to apex slightly BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 43 serrate with short ciliations. Forewings with 7 curved at base, 10 closely approximated to 9. Hindwings with 4 and 5 approximated for a short distance, 6 and 7 connate, 7 anastomosing with 8 for half its length. Type Botys ophiceralis, Wlk., from Java. The ¢ antenne are highly specialised. Sir Geo. Hampson makes it a section of the genus Glyphodes, but I think the palpi are very different. TORQUEOLA HYPOLAMPRA, 2. Sp. bnodaunpos, brilliant beneath. é 36 mm. Head, palpi, and antenne dark-fuscous. Thorax and abdomen dark-fuscous ; pectus shining snow- white. Legs fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa rather strongly arched, apex round-pointed, termen nearly straight, very oblique ; dark-fuscous with a purple gloss ; cilia fuscous. Hindwings rather elongate, termen slightly rounded ; colour and cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in February; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. MARGARONIA HYALOPTILA, 2. Sp. dadontiAoc, with transparent wings. Q 28 mm. Head fuscous-whitish; face and palpi pale-fuscous. Antenne grey. Thorax and abdomen whitish irrorated with pale-fuscous. Legs whitish ; anterior pair pale fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa straight, towards apex arched, apex round-pointed, termen slightly bowed, oblique; whitish, thinly-scaled, semi- transparent, with a purplish gloss when viewed obliquely ; markings pale-fuscous outlined with darker fuscous; a dot on dorsum near base; a thick streak on basal fourth of costa, with two triangular expansions, first in middle, second near distal end; an incomplete fascia from immediately beneath mid-costa with crenated margins, bent inwards in disc, and ending in a rounded extremity above mid-dorsum ; a thick interrupted dentate subterminal line ; a fine terminal line ; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen gently rounded ; colour as forewings ; a fine fuscous 44 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. streak along median vein, ending in an irregular fuscous annulus before mid-disc ; subterminal and terminal lines and cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in November; . one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. MARASMIA LOXODESMA, N. sp. Aog0decuoc, obliquely banded. ¢ 14 mm. Head and thorax fuscous-whitish. Palpi fuscous, base sharply white. Antennz whitish ; ciliations in g minute. Abdomen fuscous-whitish, base whitish. Legs whitish ; anterior pair fuscous. Forewings triangular, costa straight almost to apex, apex round-pointed, termen bowed, oblique ; whitish with some fuscous suffusion at base and on costal part of disc, lines fuscous ; a line from 4 costa, obliquely curved in disc to } dorsum ; a similar line from costa before middle to dorsum before middle; a third line from ? costa to 3? dorsum; a subterminal line from costa shortly before this, sinuate, not reaching tornus ; a fuscous terminal line; cilia fuscous, bases narrowly whitish. Hindwings with termen gently rounded; as forewings. . Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in October ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. METASIA PHRAGMATIAS. Metasia phragmatias, Low., Tr. R.S.8.A., 1903, p. 66. Metasia diplophragma, Turn., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1908, p. 97. N.Q., Townsville. METASIA ORPHNOPIS, 1. sp. doprvwmic, dusky. is Q@ 20 mm. Head and thorax fuscous. Palpi 3 ; fuscous, beneath white. Antenne fuscous; ciliations in S 4. Abdomen fuscous, beneath whitish. Legs fuscous- whitish ; anterior pair fuscous, tarsi annulated with whitish. Forewings triangular, costa slightly sinuate, arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen sinuate, oblique ; fuscous ; BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 45 lines dark-fuscous ; antemedian from } costa to 4 dorsum, indistinct ; postmedian from 3? costa to 3 dorsum, slightly dentate, partly edged posteriorly with whitish, at first straight, then bent outwards, and again inwards, and finally bent at a right angle towards dorsum; a square whitish subcostal discal spot before middle ; cilia fuscous, bases narrowly whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; as forewings; antemedian line curved, interrupted ; postmedian line not reaching much more than half across disc. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Killarney, in November; eight specimens. METASIA CROCOPHARA, 2. Sp. xooxogapoc, saffron-robed. gd 11mm. Head ochreous. Palpi fuscous, lower edge towards base sharply white. Antenne whitish-grey. Thorax orange-yellow. Abdomen ochreous. Legs white ; anterior pair fuscous anteriorly. Forewings triangular, costa straight to near apex, apex pointed, termen sinuate, oblique ; orange-yellow, towards apex brownish-tinged ; a broad brown-fuscous streak along costa to 2; a fuscous line from 2 costa, distinct at commencement, but soon becoming slender and very obscure, apparently looped inwards in disc and then bent to end in 2 dorsum; a fuscous terminal line ; cilia with basal half white, apical half dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded towards tornus ; yellow, towards termen brownish-tinged ; termina] line and cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Stradbroke Island, in December ; one specimen. I have a second Q example from Stanthorpe, Q., in November, larger, more brightly coloured, and with the apices of the cilia white. METASIA ASPHYOTA, nN. Sp. aogyxtoc, feeble. S 9 10mm. Head whitish-ochreous. Palpi fuscous, lower edge narrowly whitish. Antenne with joints slightly dilated at apices ; ochreous-whitish ; ciliations in 46 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. g minute. Thorax and abdomen _ whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish; anterior pair pale-fuscous. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa straight, apex round-pcinted, termen slightly sinuate, oblique; whitish suffused with brownish-ochreous and on costa and termen with fuscous ; lines fuscous ; first from } costa to } dorsum, necrly straight ; second from 3 costa, bent outwards in disc, and then bent. inwards below middle, ending on 2 dorsum ; cilia fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings with termen gently rounded ; whitish with faint brownish-ochreous suffusion; an outwardly curved transverse line at 2; a broad _ pale- fuscous terminal suffusion ; cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in February; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. METASIA ECBLETA, 2. sp. éxBPAntoc, despised. 6 11 mm. Head, thorax, and _ palpi fuscous. Antenne fuscous ; ciliations in ¢ minute. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish ; anterior pai: fuscous. Forewings narrowly tiiangular, costa gently arched, apex round-pointed ; termen slightly rounded, oblique; ochreous-whitish with fuscous markings and irroration; a fuscous streak along costa to middle, another from base expanding into an irregular spot in mid-dise before middle, and a third much shorter on base of dorsum ; an outwardly curved line from mid-costa to mid-dorsum ; a terminal suffusion containing five or six ochrecus-whitish terminal dots ; cilia fuscous- whitish. Hindwings with termen rounded; grey; cilia grey. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in October ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. CALAMOCHROUS ASPILUS, 7. sp. aomhoo, spotless. Q 25mm. Head, thorax, and antenne whitish-brown. Palpi 3; whitish-brown ; lower edge of basal and terminal joints whitish. Abdomen whitish-brown, sides whitish. BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 47 Legs whitish-brown; posterior pair whitish. Forewings triangular, costa straight, (apices broken), termen obliquely rounded ; uniform whitish-brown without markings ; cilia pale-brown. Hindwings with termen rounded; whitish, thinly scaled, towards apex slightly brownish-tinged ; cilia whitish, slightly brownish-tinged except on tornus and dorsum. Type in Cell. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin, in November; one’ specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. NooRDA AMETHYSTINA. Autocharis amethystina, Swin., A.M.N.H. (6), xiv., p. 149. Noorda hedyphaes, Turn., P.R.S.Q., 1912, p. 155. Distinct from N. fessalis, Swin., I think. PYRAUSTA EPICROCA. Pyrausta epicroca, Low., Tr. R.S.8S.A., 1903, p. 67. Pyrausta perflavalis, Hmps., A.M.N.H. (8), xii., 23 (1913). N. Q., Cairns, Stannary Hills, Townsville. Q., Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine. N.S.W., Sydney. Also from Louisiades. PYRAUSTA PETROSARCA. Pyrausta petrosarca, Low., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1903., p. 68. Pyrausta apocrypha, Turn., Tr. R.S.S.A., 1908, p. 101. N.Q., Cooktown ? (Lower). Q., Brisbane. MYRIOSTEPHES CALLIPEPLA, 7. sp. xaddinerdAoc, beautifully clothed. g 12mm. Head brown-whitish ; face fuscous. Palpi 3; fuscous, beneath white. Antenne dark-fusccus ; in @ with a double row of long pectinations (3). Thorax dark- fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs dark-fuscous ; posterior pair whitish ; anterior and middle tarsi annulated with white. Forewings triangular, costa straight to near apex, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; dark-fuscous ; markings snow-white ; a broad bar from 4 dorsum nearly reaching costa ; a fascia from 3 costa to 3 dorsum, expanded on costa, its posterior edge irregular ; a subtermina] streak 48 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. from tornus not reaching apex; a series of minute sub- marginal lunules ; cilia fuscous with a pale median line. Hindwings with termen rounded; white; a pale-fuscous line at % not reaching dorsum ; a similar line on termen ; cilia white, bases pale-fuscous. Differs from the other species in the ¢@ pectinate antenne, but I doubt whether this will justify generic separation. Type in Coll. Turner. N.A., Port Darwin; one specimen received from Mr. G. F. Hill. Gen. PERIMECETA, nov. mEolunxetoc, long. Frons flat, oblique. Tongue well-developed. Palpi long, porrect ; second joint very long, stout, smooth-scaled ; terminal joint exposed, rather long, obtuse. Antenne of S (unknown). Posterior tibiz with outer spurs half inner. Forewings very long ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hindwings normal. Probably allied to Otiophora, Turn., in spite of the stalking of vein 10. The @ may show additional characters. PERIMECETA NIPHOTYPA, 2. sp. yipotvmtoc, snow-marked. Q 30 mm. Head fuscous-brown ; lateral margins of face whitish. Palpi 3 ; fuscous-brown, extreme base white. Antenne fuscous-brown. Thorax fuscous-brown; pectus— white. Abdomen and legs brown. Forewings narrow- elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; fuscous-brown; a snow-white streak from base to i, at first subcostal, then bent down- wards along fold, twice interrupted so as to form three spots in longitudinal series ; an inverted “comma ”’ shaped snow-white spot in disc just beyond middle ; a white cc stal mark at ¢; a white dot on termen beneath apex, from it a series of dark dots in a straight line towards # dorsum ; cilia brown, a darker basal line interrupted by white dots. Hindwings broad, termen slightly sinuate ; pale-brownish, BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 49 rather thinly scaled ; cilia whitish with a brown basal line. Type in Coll. Goldfinch. N.S.W., Taree, in September; one specimen. Gen. THESAURICA, nov. Oncaveos, a treasure. Frons with a bluntly triangular prominence. Tongue well-developed. Palpi moderate, porrect, terminal joint downcurved. Maxillary palpi filiform. Forewings with tufts of raised scales ; 2 from ?, 3 from just before angle, 4, 5 approximated at base from angle, 8, 9 stalked, 10 approximated to them. Hindwings with 4, 5 approximated for a shoit distance, 6, 7 connatc, 7 anastomosing with 8 for less than half its length. The combination of a triangularly projecting frons with tufted forewings makes this a very distinct genus. THESAURICA ARGENTIFERA. Sameodes argentifera, Hmps., A.M.N.H. (8), xi., 325 (1913). 6 16 mm. Head orange; face whitish-ochreous. Palpi orange, base and upper edge white. Antenne g-zey ; in ¢ thickened and with minute ciliations. Thorax orange with three whitish-ochreous spots on each side. Abdomen ochreous, bases of segments fuscous 5th to 8th segments with broad basal fuscous bands. Legs orange-ochreous, ventral aspect whitish ; tarsi brownish-ochreous annulated with white. Forewings rather broadly triangular. costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen slightly bowed, moderately oblique; orange partly brownish-tinged; a whitish-ochreous spot on bas2, connected with a spot just beyond, and this again with an irregular spot resting on + dorsum ; three steely metallic streaks between this spot and costa, and a similar dot on 4 dorsum; an elevated ridge of similar metallic scales from } costa 1o 4 dorsum ; a squarish whitish-ochreous subcostal spot beyond this ; a broken series of raised metallic dots from mid-costa to % dorsum; a whitish-ochreous subcostal dot at 3; a line of raised metallic dots from ¢ costa angulated outwards in disc, joining previous line on dorsum; two elongate subterminal whitish-ochreous spots interrupting a sub- D 50 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. terminal line of metallic dots; cilia orange, apices paler, on tornus grey. Hindwings with termen gently rounded ; fuscous ; terminal edge and cilia pale orange-ochreous. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in March ; one specimen received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. HELIOTHELA DIDYMOSPILA, 1”. sp. dldvpoontdAoc, twin-spotted. d 10-11 mm. Head blackish. Palpi blackish, towards base beneath sharply white. Antenne blackish; in @ thickened and slightly laminate with very short ciliations. Thorax blackish. Abdomen blackish ; apices of first and third segments whitish. Legs dark-fuscous irrorated, and tarsi annulated with “whitish. Forewings narrowly triangular, costa first straight then gently arched towards apex, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded : blackish ; a broad whitish line from % costa reaching half across disc ; cilia dark-fuscous, on apex with apices sometimes white. Hindwings with termen 1ounded:; blackish; an oval orange-ochreous spot near base nearly reaching dorsum ; a similar spot in disc rather to the costal side of middle ; cilia dark fuscous. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Herberton, in February. Q., Brisbane ; Stradbroke Island in December and January. This little species appears to be scarce, for though I have known it for many years, I have only four examples. HELIOTHELA OREIAS, n. sp. deétac, daughter of the mountain. 6 @ 15-17 mm. Head blackish. Palpi with a fairly long dense tuft on apex of second joint beneath ; blackish, bases of second and third joints white. Maxillary palpi blackish with three slender white rings. Antenne blackish ;_ ciliations in ¢ minute. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous with some ochreous irroration on sides, apices. of segments whitish. Legs dark-fuscous irrorated, and tarsi annulated with whitish. Forewings narrowly triangular, costa straight or slightly sinuate, apex round, termen obliquely rounded; dark-fuscous with obscure BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. bik blackish lines ; first from } costa slightly bent in disc to 4 dorsum, and followed by a blackish subcostal dot ; second similar but more obscure from #% costa, rather strongly bent inwards in disc, and bent again to 2 dorsum ; between upper bend and costa is a short straight transverse mark ; a third Jine shortly posterior and paralle] to second, not reaching dorsum; space between second and third lines irrorated with white from costa to mid-dise ; a few white scales on termen; cilia dark-fuscous. Hindwings with termen rounded ; bright orange: basal hairs, a line along dorsum, a discal spot, and a broad terminal band narrowed in middle, blackish; cilia dark-fuscous, towards tornus paler with whitish apices. This mountain species may be distinguished from H. ophideres by the blackish dorsum of hindwings, from H. paracentra by the absence of a white mark on dorsum of forewings, and from both by the tufted palpi. Type.in Coll. Lyell. V., Mount St. Bernard, in January and February ; four specimens received from Mr. Geo. Lyell. ECLIPSIODES ACROCAPNA, 7. sp. > . axooxazvoc, with smoky apex. 6 18 mm. Head dark-fuscous mixed with whitish on crown. Palpi dark-fuscous, beneath whitish towards base. Antenne fuscous ; ciliations in ¢ minute. Thorax dark-fuscous. Abdomen dark-fuscous, bases of segments. whitish-ochreous. Legs dark-fuscous irrorated, and tarsi annulated with whitish-ochreous; posterior pair mostly whitish-ochreous. Forewings triangular, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded ; whitish-- ochreous much suffused with dark-fuscous: a dentate dark-fuscous transverse line from } costa te 4} dorsum ; a dark-fuscous median subcostal annulus ; a dentate dark- fuscous line from 2 costa bent inwards in disc and again downwards to dorsum beyond middle; this is outlined posteriorly by a whitish line, beyond which terminal area is broadly infuscated ; a terminal series of dark-fuscous spots ; cilia dark-fuscous, apices whitish. Hindwings with termen slightly rounded; whitish-ochreous with a very 52 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. broad dark-fuscous terminal band; cilia fuscous, apices whitish-ochreous. Type in Coll. Turner. Q., Gayndah; one specimen received from Dr. Hamilton Kenny. SCOPARIA EMMETROPIS, 7”. sp. EMPETOWIIC, precise. 6 Q 20-22 mm. Head fuscous with some white scales. Palpi 2}, tufts on second and third joints slightly separate ; fuscous with some white scales, base white. Antenne grey; ciliations in g@ }. Thorax fuscous. Abdomen grey. Legs whitish irrorated with dark-fuscous ; anterio: pair mostly dark-fuscous ; all tarsi dark-fuscous with whitish annulations. Forewings elongate-triangular, costa gently arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, slightly oblique ; whitish irrorated with pale-grey and with a few scattered dark-fuscous scales ; markings blackish ; a short streak from base of costa along fold; first line dentate, oblique, from 4 costa to } dorsum ; crbicular distinct, pale centred, touching first line ; claviform dot-like, just beyond first line ; reniform 8-shaped with two pale centres, but lower edge obsolete, connected with a dot on costa beyond middle ; second Jine from # costa, angled obtusely above middle, very slightly dentate, ending on # dorsum; a suffused dark-fuscous subapical spect, and another on mid- termen ; cilia whitish, bases barred with fuscous. Hind- wings 1}; grey-whitish ; indications of a subterminal grey line ; cilia whitish. Characterised by the uniform groundcolour, dark lines, and distinct markings. The palpi approximate to those of Tetraprosopus. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Mount Kosciusko (5,000f.), in January ; three specimens. ScOPARIA OCHROPHARA, ”. Sp. @yoop~aeoc, pale-robed. Q 22 mm. Head grey. Palpi 3; fuscous, base sharply white. Antenne grey. Thorax grey. Abdomen BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 53 grey-whitish. Legs whitish with some grey irrcration ; anterior and middle tarsi fuscous with whitish annulaticns. Forewings narrow, elongate, costa moderately and evenly arched, apex rounded, tarmen straight, oblique ; pale-grey irrorated with white and with a few scatiered blackish scales ; a short fine blackish streak from base ; first line obsolete, indicated only by a few blackish scales ; orbicular indicated by a short longitudinal blackish streak touching first line ; claviform by a few blackish scales just beyond first line ; reniform bya short blackish streak with some blackish suffusion on its costal edge ; second line distinct, whitish, anteriorly dark-edged, slightly dentate, from 3 costa obliquely outwards, then obtusely bent above middle of disc, and ending cn 2? dorsum; some blackish streaks on veins towards termen ; cilia white, bases barred with grey. Hindwings 2; whitish, thinly scaled; cilia whitish. Distinguished by the pale forewings with orbicular and reniform reduced to streaks, and the whitish hindwings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.S.W., Mount Kosciusko (3,500ft.), in March; two specimens. Fam. ZEUZERIDA. ZEUZERA AIGLOSPILA, 2. sp. aiydoomthoc, |ustrous-spotted. 6 45 mm., Q 80 mm. Head whitish ; face blackish. Antenne whitish, apical half blackish; in g with long pectinations, apical half simple. Thorax whitish with thirteen dark-fuscous spots, which show greenish lustre on oblique illumination; a double median row of four spots each, two lateral rows of two each, and a median posterior spot. Abdomen whitish with median lateral, and sublateral series of spots similar to those on thorax. Legs dark-fuscous with blue and purple lustre ; coxe and basal part of femora whitish; anterior coxe fuscous anteriorly. Forewings very elongate-triangular, costa gently and evenly arched, apex round-pointed, termen very obliquely rounded; whitish, thinly scaled, semi- translucent with numerous dark-fuscous or blackish spots, with greenish or purple lustre; a row on costa, the last spot before apex larger; three rows in cell between the 54 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. dividing veinlets; a row in each interneural space, a dorsal and a termina] row, both. blackish ; cilia whitish, on spots blackish and lustrous. Hindwings narrow, termen sinuate, tornus strongly produced ; vein 6 from below upper angle of cell, parallel with 7 colour and cilia as forewings ; a terminal series of minute spots similar to those on fore- wings, on tornal projection and just beyond these are fused into an elongate spot. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns ; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. : XYLEUTES OLBIA, n. sp. 6ABios, happy. S 90 mm., Q 135 mm. Head and palpi dark-fuscous irrorated with whitish. Antenne whitish with dark-fuscous irroration, in Q dark-fuscous ; pectinations in ¢ 6, dark- fuscous, apical ¢ simple. Thorax dark-fuscous with a few whitish scales, patagia except bases densely irrorated with whitish. Abdomen dark-fuscous, apices of segments grey- whitish ; apical segments and tuft grey-whitish. Legs fuscous irrorated with grey-whitish; tarsi dark-fuscous with whitish rings. Forewings elongate, not dilated, costa nearly straight, apex rounded, termen scarcely rounded, strongly oblique, dorsum sinuate; pale grey, towards apex and termen grey-whitish, markings blackish; a series of spots on basal half of costa more or less confluent ; a subcostal basal blotch with irregular outline ; a series of fine transverse streaks through mid-disc as far as middle ; a longitudinal streak above middle third of dorsum; a network at mid-disc, connected by a thick blackish irregular streak to termen beneath apex; between this streak and termen is a network extending to tornus ; cilia whitish, barred with fuscous. Hindwings with apex narrowly rounded, pointed, termen nearly straight, tornus somewhat prominent; pale grey with some _ fuscous irroration and a network between middle of disc and middle half of termen. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in October ; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 55 XYLEUTES DICTYOSCHEMA, 1. sp. dixtvooynmoc, with netted pattern. 6 62 mm., 2 94 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark- fuscous. Antenne dark-fuscous;: pectinations in @ 5, apical 4 simple. Abdomen fuscous, apices of segments whitish. Legs dark-fuscous; tarsi with obscure whitish annulations. Forewings elongate-oblong, costa, moderately and evenly arched, apex rounded, termen obliquely rounded, dorsum sinuate; dark-fuscous closely reticulated with blackish ; some whitish irroration of costal edge, a sub- apical patch, above dorsum, and on termen ; cilia fuscous mixed with whitish. Hindwings elongate, apex rounded, termen gently rounded ; whitish, in Q grey, with dark- fuscous network on apical half; cilia as forewings. Type in Coll. Turner. N.Q., Kuranda, near Cairns, in October ; two specimens received from Mr. F. P. Dodd. XYLEUTES LEUCOMOCHLA, %. sp. AevnopoyxdAoc, white-barred. ¢6 120 mm. Head fuscous mixed with white; face and palpi dark-fuscous. Antenne ochreous-fuscous ; pectinations in ¢@ 6. Thorax white irrorated with fuscous, a v-shaped blackish mark, its apex anterior, surrounds a central fuscous area. Abdomen whitish, bases of segments dark-fuscous. Legsfuscous. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa slightly arched, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique ; dark-fuscous with scanty whitish irroration ; a broad whitish median bar from base to beyond middle ; connected with apex by ill-defined broad whitish streaks, partly strigulated with dark-fuscous ; cilia dark-fuscous with some whitish scales. Hindwings broader than forewings, termen somewhat sinuate ; fuscous- grey, darker towards base ; some whitish suffusion at apex and tornus ; cilia whitish with some dark-fuscous bars. Type in Coll. Illidge. W.A., Cunderdin, in November; one specimen taken by Mr. R. Illidge. 56 STUDIES IN AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA XYLEUTIS EREMONOMA. Xyleutis eremonoma, Turn., Tr. R.S.8.A., 1906, p. 139. Q., Cunnamulla. N.S.W., Brewarrina; one ¢ example received from Mr. W. W. Froggatt, who states that the larve feed in the roots of the “ Roley Poley,”’ the plancs snapping off and blowing away through their infestation. Fam. HEPIALIDA. HEPIALUS ASTATHES, 7. sp. aota@yc, unstable. g 41-44 mm. Head whitish sometimes pinkish- Palpi fuscous, internal surface whitish. Antenne very short, ochreous-whitish. Thorax with a posterior crest ; whitish, sometimes pinkish; an _ ill-defined transverse median greenish band. Abdomen whitish, towards apex greenish or pinkish. Legs ochreous-whitish or pinkish. Forewings triangular, costa strongly sinuate, apex acute, termen sinuate, oblique; pale green, or pinkish with or without greenish suffusion, some irregular darker strie ; a whitish streak on basal 2 of costa; a slender whitish streak from mid-dise at 4 towards but not reaching dorsum beyond middle, then curved and continued parallel to termen to 3 costa; cilia whitish. Hindwings with termen sinuate ; white ; tinged with greenish or pinkish at tornus ; cilia whitish. Q 46-72 mm. Forewings fuscous-reddish; a large triangular green blotch beneath costa from } to #, its rounded lower angle approximating to mid-dorsum; a broad green terminal band not reaching tornus, sometimes with a projection on its anterior border in mid-disc ; cilia fuscous-reddish. Hindwings with termen sinuate; pale red ; some fuscous suffusion at tornus ; cilia reddish. Allied to H. lignivorus ; the females of the two species are hardly distinguishable. The males are very distinct in the discal curved line, which in astathes is more like that of lewiniz. The colouration of the ¢ varies much. Type in Coll. Ilidge. W.A., Albany and Waroona; larve taken by Mr. R. Illidge emerged in February. BY A. JEFFERIS TURNER. 57 HEPIALUS TEPHROPTILUS, 7. sp. tegoontiioc, ashy-winged. Q@ 112 mm. Head and palpi green. Antenne ochreous-whitish. Thorax grey, anteriorly greenish-tinged. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, dorsum fuscous except three basal segments, and bases of other segments. Legs whitish- ochreous, greenish-tinged; tarsi grey. Forewings broadly triangular, costa nearly straight, arched towards apex, apex round-pointed, termen straight, oblique, rounded towards tornus; grey, at base and along costa greenish ; several triangular whitish spots in basal half ; a straight interrupted narrow whitish band from # costa towards but not reaching mid-dorsum ; a fainter similar band midway between this and termen; cilia grey. Hind- wings broad, termen strongly rounded ; grey ; cilia grey. Type in Coll. Illidge. W.A., Albany ; one specimen, which emerged in March, from © larva obtained by Mr. R. Illidge. NOTES ON AN EXHIBIT OF SPECIMENS OF CERATODUS Dr. T. HARVEY JOHNSTON AND Dr. T. L. BANCROFT. (Before the Royal Society of Queensland, May 31st, 1915.) Dr. T. Harvey JOHNSTON exhibited a series of speci- mens of Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft), forwarded to him by Dr. T. L. Bancroft, of Eidsvold, Burnett River. The largest measured exactly 40 cm. (16 inches), and its weight was approximately a pound and a-half. Only one Ceratodus of a smaller size, a fourteen inch specimen, appears to have been taken previously. Another of the exhibits was 75 mm. in length with a maximum dorsoventral breadth of 13.5 mm. which was in the anterior part of the tail region, the greatest breadth in the trunk reaching 13 mm. The maxi- mum width, 7.e., from side to side, was in the head region and measured 10.0 mm. The dorsal fin extended relatively much further forward than in the adult, reaching to within a few millimetres of the opercular - region. The opercula were much more evident than in an adult, the two meeting ventrally to form a V, whose apex was directed forwards, whereas in the adult exhibited, they were separated by a considerable interval. Each covered relatively more of the base of the corresponding pectoral fin than in an adult lung-fish. The inequality in the size of the pectoral and pelvic fin was relatively much greater than in adults, the pelvic fin being much smaller. The ratio of the length of the tail, 7.e., the region behind the anus, to the rest of the body was nearly the same as in the case of an adult, being 5 : 6 and 5.27 : 6 respectively. BY T. HARVEY JOHNSTON AND T. L. BANCROFT. 59 This specimen was just seven months old and had been reared, along with a few others, from the egg stage by Dr. Bancroft. It was killed to serve as a record of the work, the remaining fish being still alive. Pelvic fins were dis- tinctly visible to the naked eye when the fish were two and a-quarter inches long and about six and a-half months old. The third exhibit was a very young Ceratodus, six weeks old (7.e., after hatching), and measuring 17 mm. in length, the tail being only a little over one third of the total length of the animal. It possessed very simple pectoral fins, but there was no trace of the pelvics. The specimen showed a_ distinct advance in development on the four-weeks-old larva figured by Semon. HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. By DEeneE B. Fry, Australian Museum, Sydney. (Printed by permission of the Trustees.) (Plates I—IV, text-figures 1—7.) (Read before the Royal Society of Queensland, May 31st and June 28th, 1915.) THE present paper consists of notes on, and descriptions and redescriptions of, new or little known Reptiles and Batrachians from Australia and New Guinea, based mainly on specimens in the collection of the Australian Museum. The ‘notes’ mostly consist of additions to the faune of the different States of Australia and New Guinea, together with remarks on affinities and distribution. There are four new species and two new varieties proposed. The following species are dealt with :— Austrochaperina brevipes, sp. nov. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Gthr. na platycephalus, Gthr. 3 fletcheri, Blgr. "e olivaceus, de Vis. es dorsalis, v. terre-regine var. nov. Phanerotis fletcheri, Blgr. Phractops brevipalmatus, Gthr. Philocryphus australiacus, Shaw. Lechriodus melanopyga, Doria. Hyla macgregori, Ogilby. » ewingii v. alpina, var. nov. a » Vv. calliscelis, Ptrs. » lesueurit v. vinosa, Lamb. dura monilis, de Vis. BY DENE B. FRY. 61 Calotes cristatellus, Kuhl. Gonyocephalus spinipes, A. Dum. Chelodina intergularis, sp. nov. Pseudelaps christieanus, sp. nov. ss minutus, sp. nov. i. NOTES ON, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN AUSTRALIAN AND PAPUASIAN FROGS. 1. AUSTROCHAPERINA BREVIPES, sp. nov. Austrochaperina robusta (part), Fry, Rec. Austr. Mus., ix, 1912, p. 89, pl. viii, fig. 2-20. Habit very stout. Head two-thirds as long as broad, the measurement taken at a line drawn between the hinder margins of the tympana. Snout rounded, very slightly prominent, shorter than the orbital diameter. Nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye. Canthus rostralis moderately rounded ; loreal region slightly con- cave. Interorbital space broader than the upper eye-lid. Tympanum rather distinct, slightly less than half the dia- meter of the eye. Lower jaw rounded, tri-lobed. Tongue very large, oval, entire, free right along the sides and for about half its length posteriorly. Two dermal esophageal ridges ; anterior very weak although nearly as extensive as the posterior, with a well developed median lobe and pappillose laterally ; posterior ridge extending right across the hinder palate and strongly and evenly serrated. Arms weak. Fingers depressed ; discs distinct but not enlarged ; a thick fringe present; first nearly as long as second, cylindrical and not disced; an indistinct metacarpal pad on the base of the first finger. Hind limb very stout. Toes rather short, depressed ; third, fourth and fifth with a distinct rather thick fringe ; discs larger than the finger discs. A very small oval inner metatarsal tubercle. The length of the outstretched hind-limb, from the anus to the tibio-tarsal articulation, equals the distance between the anus and the shoulder. Colour (spirits) :—Upper-surfaces uniform fawn brown, spotted and speckled with chocolate brown. A dark streak 62 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES from the tip of the snout through the eye to the shoulder- Under-surfaces uniform creamish. Total length of type .. we Bye 28.5 mm Localities :—-One specimen from the Bloomfield River, near Cooktown, North-eastern Queensland, collected by Mr. Geo. Hislop, in 1897. The specimen on which this new species is founded was regarded in my original description of Awstrochaperina robusta* as a variety of that species. It was placed in var. B. of A. robusta, a variety which may still be distinguished amongst the collection of type specimens by the absence of a thread-like dorsal stripe. A. brevipes is distinguished from A. robusta by its larger size, the type of the latter being only 23mm. in length, its broader head, its much shorter and stouter hind-limbs, and the more accentuated markings. The colouration of the type of A. brevipes, after 17 years immersion in spirits, resembles markedly that of Chaperina polysticta as shown by von ~ Méhely’st+ figure. However, in that species the spots are rather fewer and larger than in my new Austrochaperina. I have examined the sternal apparatus of A. brevipes and find that it differs from A. robusta in the greater development of the procoracoid cartilage, showing a con- dition intermediate between the latter and Chaperina punctata, v. Kampen,{ for a specimen of which I am indebted to the author. 2. LIMNODYNASTES TASMANIENSIS, Gthr. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, (Gthr.) Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1882, p. 260. Jd., Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W. (2), iv, 1889, pp. 365 and 374. Id.., Fletcher, loc. cit., v, pp. 667-676. Id., Fletcher, loc. cit., vi, 1891, p. 271. Id., Fletcher, loc. cit., vii, pp. 7-18 (L. fletcheri, Blgr., a var. of L. tasmaniensis). Id., Fletcher, loc. cit., xxii, 1898, p. 662. Id., Lucas and le Souef, Anim. Austr., 1909, p- 269. figs. Id., English, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1910, p. 268, pl. li, figs. 1-2. - Fry—Ree. Austr. Mus., ix, 1912, p. 89. + Méhely—Termés. Fiizeteck, xxiv, 1901, pl. xii. t Van Kampen—Nova Guinez, ix, 1913, p- 463, pl. xi, fig. 7. BY DENE B. FRY. 63 There is a reason to doubt Gerard Krefft’s record* of this species from South Australia, for it is probable that the specimens were those afterwards described by Dr. Gunther as L. platycephalus. The only other record is that of Peters.t This record is substantiated by a specimen forwarded recently to the trustees by Miss A. M. Sharply from Narracoorte, a township near the Victorian border in South Australia. In this specimen there is no trace of an outer meta- tarsal tubercle so distinct in L. platycephalus, although it sometimes does occur in Eastern Australian examples. The toes are normally fringed, and the width of the head is normal. Whether L. platycephalus is distinct or not, there can be no doubt that the true L. tasmaniensis shares with it or lives closely approximated to its habitat. 3. LIMNODYNASTES PLATYCEPHALUS, Gthr. Limnodynastes platycephalus (Gthr.) Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1882, p. 260, pl. xvii, fig. 3. Redescription of Limnodynasies platycephalus, Gthr. Habit moderate. Head, three-quarters as long as broad, the measurement taken at a line drawn between the hinder margins of the tympana; very depressed. Snout bluntly. rounded, not prominent, less than the dia- meter of the eye ; nostril much nearer the tip of the snout than the eye; canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region with a concavity in the form of a narrow groove. The outline of the tympanum is very slightly visible, about half the diameter of the eye. Interorbital space con- siderably broader than the upper eye-lid. Vomerine teeth in two long contiguous series, perfectly transverse and not arched, behind, and extending beyond the outer edge of the widely separated choane. ‘Tongue sub-circular, entire. Skin smooth with very obscure flat warts; no fold above the tympanum, but a glandular thickening along the side; a yellowish gland from below the eye past the angle of the mouth; under-surfaces smooth * Krefft :—Cat. Industr. Nat. Prod., N.S.W., Paris Exhib., 1867, App., p. 107. + Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863. 64 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. except for some small whitish granules on the hinder side of the thighs. Limbs moderate. Fingers with a slight fringe, the first shorter than the second ; sub-articular tubercles distinct but not prominent ; three well developed metacarpal tubercles, one at the base of the first finger. Toes with a slight fringe and the merest indication of a web between their bases ; sub-articular tubercles pro- minent ; a small oval inner and «, distinct round outer metatarsal tubercle. The distance between the anus and the tibio-tarsal-articulation equals the distance between the latter and the tympanum. Colour (Spirits) :—Dark-grey above, speckled, spotted and marbled with darker. An indication of an interrupted light dorsal stripe. A black streak along whe canthus; lips spotted ; sub-orbital gland a yellow streak. Shank spotted but not barred. Under-surfaces yellowish to brownish ; throat grey. Sides, thighs, and shank with brownish freckles. Measurements in Millimetres. Length of head to tympana i os 12 mm. ‘Width of head at tympana : 16 mm. Length of hind limb, anus to tarso-metat-art. 40 mm. Total length, anus to tip of snout He 40 mm. Loc. :—One specimen from Wilcannia, Darling River, Western New South Wales, collected by R. Helms in 1890. At present there appear to be only three specimens of this species known. These certainly warrant our recognising it as distinct from its ally, ZL. tasmaniensis. The distinguishing characters are the most extensive vomerine teeth, which extend outwards well beyond the choanz, the broader head, and to a lesser extent, the dis- — position and nature of the colour markings. Several other differences noted may be due to individuality, but we require further specimens to prove this. The species has arisen at the western limit of L. tasmaniensis, and its presence on the Darling River in Western New South Wales proves that it has followed the watercourses northward in that state. Although it is here found in company with L. fletcheri, I regard the latter as having arisen after isolation from the true Eastern L. tasmaniensis, either (1) after crossing the Dividing Range or entering Western BY DENE Bs FRY. 65 New South Wales by way of the upper reaches of the Murray River from Gippsland, or (2), after crossing -the low watershed of Southern Queensland. 4. LIMNODYNASTES FLETCHERI, Bler. Limnodynastes fletcheri, Boulenger, A.M.N.H., (6), ii, 1888, p. 142. Id., Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., (yy Vad L800; pp. 672: ‘and 675. LIimnodynastes tasmaniensis (Gthr.} var. (?) Fletcher, loc. Cll, Vu, 18925 pp. 6-18., Jd. Fletcher, - loc. cit., vili, 1894, p. 529. Limnodynastes marmoratus, Lamb, Ann. Q’land. Mus., No. 10, 1914, p- 28. Jd., Fry, Rec. Austr. Mus., ix, 1912, pp. 98 and 106. (=L.. fletcheri.) There are seven examples of this species in the Museum collection taken by Mr. Robt. Helms, at Wilcannia, Darling River, Western New South Wales. Besides these, are two unlocalited examples and a co-type specimen of Lamb’s L. marmoratus. The latter agrees well with the Western New South Wales examples. Limnodynastes fletchert is a larger and stouter species than L. tasmaniensis and may be distinguished by the following characters :—The toes are very much more pointed and fringed and have a prominent basal web. (This was suggested by Mr. Fletcher, who forwarded the types to Dr. Boulenger, to be possibly due to immersion in too strong a preserving fluid, but my specimens dispel all doubt and show that the condition is natural). The skin is rough and glandular. The markings on the back consist of coarse marmorations of dark brown (sometimes grey) with noticeable suffusions of bright carmine or pink, most pronounced on the eyelids. There is always only one metatarsal tubercle, an outer. 5. LIMNODYNASTES OLIVACEUS, de Vis. Limnodynastes olivaceus, de Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., ix, 1884, p. 66. Jd., Boulenger, A.M.N.H., (5), xvi, 1885, p. 387. Re-description of Limnodynastes olivaceus, de Vis. E 66 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. Habit moderate. Head three-quarters to four-fifths as long as broad, the measurement taken at a line drawn between the hinder margins of the tympana. Snout rather prominent and pointed when seen from above, longer than the orbital diameter; nostril equidistant between the eye and the tip of the snout ; canthus rostralis very rounded ; loreal region grooved.. Tympanum hardly discernible or completely hidden. Interorbital space as broad as the upper eye-lid. Tongue large, oval or sub- circular, entire, free behind and a little on the sides. | Vomerine teeth in two long straight or slightly arched series behind, and extending well beyond the outer edge of the choane. Limbs moderate. Fingers free, cylindrical, not fringed, first as long as second ; sub-articular tubercles very prominent ; two outer metacarpal tubercles and a third large one at the base of the first finger. Toes cylindrical, tapering, quite free; sub-articular tubercles very prominent, conical; a conical outer, but no inner metatarsal tubercle. Skin warty; sométimes with -short plice ; sometimes the warts are large oval and raised, or round and flat, but always profusely present (they are often exactly covered by a dark spot). A weak gland from below the eye to above the forearm. Sides with a distinct fold ; no fold across the chest or along the inner edge of the tarsus. Under-surfaces uniformly smooth. The dis- tance between the anus and the tibijo-tarsal articulation is equal to the distance between the latter and the tympanum. Colour (spirits) :—Uniform greyish above (perhaps olive in life) with numerous roundish black spots, which sometimes form more or less broken bands of which a broad dorsal one—commencing between the eye-lids, and a lateral one can usually be traced. Upper-surface of snout usually with a light triangular mark. No dorsal stripe. Lips barred or spotted. Limbs spotted. Under surfaces uniform white or with a few spots of grey on the chin. Measurements in Millimetres. Total length, from tip of snouttoanus .. . 45 mm. Length of head, to tympana — oe 14 mm. Width of head, at tympana : 18 mm. Length of hind- limb to tarso-metat-articul. 40 mm. Locs.:—Four specimens from Mapoon, Gulf of Car- pentaria, North Queensland, collected by Mr. Charles BY DENE B. FRY. 67 Hedley. There are also two unlocalised specimens and one. from Herbert River, North-east Queensland. L. olivaceus differs from L. tasmaniensis which it. replaces on the north and central coast of Queensland, by the following characters :—The toes are cylindrical, generally devoid of a basal web or any trace of fringe ; the sub-articular tubercles are very prominent and conical ; only one metatarsal tubercle always ; the back has promin- ent warts; the snout is more pointed ; and more or less by the broken up nature of the markings of the back, and their tendency to distribution in characteristic bands. The four species of. Limnodynastes so far noticed, e.g., L. tasmaniensis, platycephalus, fletcheri, and olivaceus,. form a natural group more or less distinct from the rest of the genus. They are closely allied to each other, and it becomes a question whether we should regard them as distinct species or as geographical varieties of one, L. tasmaniensis. Of all but L. platycephalus I have examined a series of specimens, but of that species I have only seen one. This, however, certainly supports its separation from L. tasmaniensis. The distinguishing characters of the four species are of relative value, and although to an extent variable, do not merge completely with one another. The habitat of each, with the exception of L. platycephalus, is distinct. While at present their validity as species is perhaps a matter of opinion, I am inclined to believe that they are correctly regarded as such. 6. LIMNODYNASTES DORSALIS, var. TERR2-REGINA, var. nov. (Text fig. 2a, sacral verteb.) L. dorsalis, v. dumerilit, Ptrs. (part), Fry, Rec. Austr. Mus., x, 1913, pp. 26-28, 30, pl. iii, fig. 2. © A variety proposed for north and central coastal Queensland examples, differing from L. dorsalis v. dumerilii confined to South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales and Southern Queensland, in the following characters :—The habit is excessively stout and the size very large; the hind-limb is very short being 1.1 to 1.25 68 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. in the total length ; the head is usually broader, but occa- sional New South Wales specimens are found with just as broad heads ; vomerine teeth very strong, always extending well beyond the outer edge of the choanz; toes short and cylindrical, usually devoid of fringe; in far northern examples the spots are disposed in well marked bands and a light dorsal stripe may be present ; under-surfaces often with hiight red suffusions. SpPEcIMEN No. 1 2 mm, mm From snout to vent i ae a $e, 79.5 78 Head, to level of tympana os ee x 24 22 Width of head at tympana A a se 37.5 36 Hind-limb, anus to tip of toe de ste aye = (207 100 Specimen No. 1 from Cape York (one of the types). Specimen No. 2 from Burnett River. Shows how the length of the hind- limb lengthens as we go south. The other characters, too, show a gradual passing into the southern variety. Type:—In the Australian Museum, Sydney. Reg. No. R.4525. Loc. :—Somerset, Cape York, N. Queensland, collected by Messrs. Hedley and McCulloch in 1907. Since writing the paper referred to above on the varieties of L. dorsalis, Gray, it has become evident that the characters noted on p. 30 of some Cape York examples are to a great extent constant throughout specimens as far south as the Burnett River in Queensland. The in- clusion of these specimens in var. dumerilii makes that variety so comprehensive that I think it best to separate off this distinct form as a separate variety. The var. terre-regine then, will stand for all specimens from the area north of the Burnett River, including the district drained by the river itself. At some locality south of the Burnett River and probably north of the Brisbane River, this new variety blends with var. dumerilii, for specimens from Brisbane possess the characters of the latter. BY DENE B. FRY. 69 7. PHANEROTIS FLETCHERI, Blgr. (Pl. I, fig. 2, mouth only. Text fig. 1.) Phanerotis fletcheri, Boulenger, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., (2), v, 1890, p. 593. Id., Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., (2), v, 1890, p. 669. IJd., Fry, Mem. Q’land Mus., ii, 1913, p. 47. The types of this rare frog were taken at Dunoon, Richmond River, north coast of New South Wales, by Rich- ard Helms, in 1890. In the Australian Museum collection is a single adult specimen collected by the late J. A. Thorpe, in the year 1886, at Ourimbah, near Gosford, N.S. Wales. Ourimbah is about forty miles north of Sydney and is the southern termination of a stretch of ‘ Dorrigo Serub ” country possessing the same geological and_ botanical features as that in which the types were procured. Its range is thus extended about two-hundred miles southwards. Fig. 1.—Phanerotis fletcheri, Blgy. Superior and lateral view of head of a specimen from Ourimbah, N.S. Wales. Slightly enlarged. This specimen differs slightly from the types as fol- lows :—In transverse diameter the tympanum is two-thirds the eye, perpendicularly it is four-fifths; the A-shaped fold between the shoulders is absent. The colouration is here described in detail :—Upper-surface of body and limbs greyish green to putty colour, with obscure faint blotches of darker grey on the back ; a fairly distinct dark cross-bar between the eye-lids ; sides of head with faint marks, one of which runs from the eye to the lip; a thin, broken rostral streak of chocolate-brown which continues from behind the eye to the posterior edge of the tympanum, where it breaks into a few disconnected spots on the shoulder: front, hinder and under-surfaces of limbs reddish-brown 70 HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. with small grey spots ; lower-surfaces of body yellowish, the gular region with faint brown spots ; with the excep- - tion of the sides of the body the colour of the upper and lower surfaces shows a sharp line of demarcation ; the limbs bear indistinct cross-bars. 8. PHRACTOPS BREVIPALMATUS, Gthr. Chiroleptes brevipalmatus, (Gthr.), Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr., 1882, p. 269, pl. xvii, fig. 5. Ja., Spencer, Rep. “‘ Horn.” Sci. Expd., 1896, p. 165. Jd., Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., xxii, 1898, pp. 678 and 682. Id., Lucas and le Souef, Anim. Austr., 1909, p. 277. This species is known from the following localities :— Port Denison, Cape York, Gayndah and Peak Downs, in Queensland (Boulenger, 1882), Central Australia (Spencer, 1896), King’s Sound, Fitzroy River, and Margaret Creek in Western Australia (Fletcher, 1898). It does not, however, appear to have been recorded from New South Wales, but in the Museum collection are eighty well preserved specimens from Wilcannia on the Darling River, in the far west of that State. 9. PHILOCRYPHUS AUSTRALIACUS, Shaw. Rana australiaca, Shaw, Nat. Mise., vi, 1795, pl. 200, and text. Jd., Andersson, Kungl. Sv. Ak. Handl., Bd. 52, 1913) per 3. Rana spinipes, Schneider, Hist. Amphi. i, 1799, pp. 129 and 139. Id., Shaw, Gen. Zool., iii, i, 1802, p. 112. Id., Andersson, loc. cit. Heleioporus albopunctatus, Gray? Fletcher, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., (2), v, 1890, p. 671. Philocryphus flavoguitatus, Fletcher, loc. cit. (2), viii, 1894, p. 233. Id., Lucas and le Souef, Anim. Austr., 1909, p. 282, fig. Id., Steel, Austr. Natj =u; ieee: 135, (habits). “Id:, Fry, Reé. W. Austere) Bigs, 1914, p. 205, figs. 8a and 9. Whilst recently referring to Shaw’s ‘“ Naturalists’ Miscellany’ (1795) I was struck with the resemblance between the frog figured on plate two-hundred as Rana BY DENE B. FRY. 71 australiaca and that described a century later by Mr. J. J. Fletcher as Philocryphus flavoguttatus. In comparison to recent figures Shaw’s figure is of course very crude, but it permits of identification just as well as the figures of Rana cerulea, Coluber porphyriacus, etc., which form the basis of present recognised species. As will be shown later the two frogs are almost certainly identical, so that no course is open but to replace Fletcher’s well founded name. This is to be regretted, for Rana australiaca was founded on a drawing sent to Dr. Shaw from New Holland and no specimen type exists, while the types of Philo- cryphus are beautifully preserved specimens in Mr. Fletcher’s private collection. As Shaw’s work (Nat. Misc.) is rare and not easily accessible the concise description and remarks are here given in toto :— RANA AUSTRALIACA. Character Genericus. Corpus tetrapodum, ecaudatum, nudum. Linn. Syst. Nat., p. 354. Character Specificus. RANA FUSCA, subtus cerulescens, lateribus gilvo punctatis, digitis anterioii! us spinosis. On the following page, not numbered, facing plate 200, Dr.-Shaw remarks :— “This animal certainly cannot be numbered amongst the most beautiful of its genus: it is a species, however, which has never before been described, and is more par- ticularly interesting from the circumstances of its being a native of the distant regions of New Holland, which has added so many zoological treasures to the cabinets of natural history. Its rarity must, therefore, apologise for its deformity.” da HERPETOLOGICAL NOTES. In General Zoology (1802), Shaw gives a useful refer- ence and some supplementary remarks as follows :— “Rana Australiaca. Australian Frog. Naturalists’ Miscellany, vol. 6, pl. 200. Rana spinipes. Schneid. Amph., p. 129-139. “ This was first described in the Naturalists’ Miscellany ; and so careful has Mr. Schneider been to preserve it from oblivion, that he has twice described it in his own work within the compass of a few pages. He is mistaken, how- ever, in supposing it to exist in the British Museum ; the figure having been etched from a drawing made in New Holland, its native country. Its size appears to be some- what larger than that of the common European Frog, and its habit approaches rather to that of a toad, or a Natter- Jaek, which latter it seems to resemble in its manner of walking, viz., with the limbs elevated, or in the manner of the generality of quadrupeds. All the feet are unweb- bed.” There are only two Australian frogs which could reasonably be compared with Rana australiaca, Shaw, namely, Philocryphus flavoguttatus, Fletcher, and Limnody- nastes dorsalis, Gray (eastern form, var. dumerilii, Ptrs.). The ‘“‘spines’’ on the hands, which, no doubt, prompted Schneider to rename the species “ spinipes,” are secondary sexual characters developed only in males, and are of course seasonal. It is this character which prevents us further considering it with Limnodynastes dorsalis. In that frog, as in Hyla aurea, Lesson, the nuptial excresence is in the form of a flat, horny, brown plate on the inner side of the first finger, spines being quite absent. The dis- tribution of these spines in Shaw’s figure is not exactly as shown by my specimens of Philocryphus, but gives a general representation. The tympanum jis figured as hidden. As in the case of the spines this must not be seriously considered. Even though the tympanum of Philocryphus is described as ‘ distinct,’ it is nevertheless not obvious and may easily have escaped notice by a colonial artist, or if indicated by him, not reproduced in Shaw’s etching. Such a character did not then have the ce BY DENE B. FRY. es significance it has to-day, and the obscure tympanic rim and undifferentiated colouration makes it easy to under- stand its absence in the figure, which undoubtedly gives a striking, if a little impressionistic, representation of this ungainly frog. The colouration resembles closely one of my specimens. In L. dorsalis there is a yellowish glandular band laterally, but the row of spots figured are typically those of Philocryphus, giving the suggestion for Fletcher’s specific name flavoguttatus. Hence I regard P. flavoguttatus, described in 1894, as identical with Rana australiaca, des- cribed a century earlier. As has been shown* recently Philocryphus is not, as afterwards supposed by Fletcher, synonymous with Heleioporus, therefore the name will be altered to Philocryphus australiacus. The disappearance of a well figured, named, and localised frog from literature is unaccountable. L. G. Andersson recently called (see syn.) attention to the fact that the name Rana australiaca had disappeared from literature subsequent to the mention by Schneider in 1799 and Shaw in 1802. After examining the works of Daudin, Cuvier and Merrem, he says that ‘‘ but a single Australian species is recorded, viz., White’s Rana (Hyla) cerulea.”’ He also suggests the likelihood of Shaw’s locality being erroneous, suggesting that perhaps the frog really came from the East Indies and not New Holland, in which case it would probably prove identical with Bufo melanost- ictus. We have no need to assume this, however. 10. LECHRIODUS MELANOPYGA, Doria. (Plate I, fig. 1, Text fig. 2c.) Asterophrys melanopyga, Doria, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov , vi, 1874, p. 355, pl. xii, fig. k. Jd., Ptrs. and Doria, loc. cit., xili, 1878, p. 417. Batrachopsis melanopyga, Boulenger, Brit. Mus. Cat. Batr. Wale, 1882, -p. 439.

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C. RICHARDS. 183 . Rhyolite—3 miles south of Lamington, por. 58v, par. Telemon. . Comendite—Mount Conowrin, Glass House Mountains. . Pitchstone—Mount Lindsay. . Rhyolite—Mount Barney. . Rhyolite—Glen Rock, Esk. . Rhyolite—Springbrook Plateau, por. 89, par. Numinbah, . Pantellerite—Mount Ngun-Ngun, Glass House Mountains. . Rhyolite—Ottaba, por. 28v, par. Biarra, Esk District. . Pantellerite—Trachyte Range, Glass House Mountains. . Porphyritic Soda-Trachyte—Mount Flinders, . Trachyte—Portion 136a, par. Esk. . Soda-Trachyte—2,000 feet level, Warwick coach road, Main Range. . Trachyte—Cainbable Creek, por. 12, par. Numinbah. 14. Trachyte—Mount Beerwah, Glass House Mountains. 15. Dacite—Near Bankfoot House, Glass House Mountains. 16. Trachyte—Summit, Mount Flinders. eomAR a FP WH & ee — wnre © 17. Trachyte—Portion 51, par. Esk. 18. Andesite—Observation Hill, Tweed Heads. 19. Augite-Andesite—Portion 134, par. Esk. 20. Andesite—Tamborine Plateau, por. 18, par. Witherin. 21. Phonolitic-A#girine-Trachyte—Foot of Mount Flinders. 22. Oligoclase-Basalt—Summit of Spicer’s Peak. 23. Andesite—Springbrook Plateau, por. 84, par. Numinbah. 24. Andesitic-Basalt—Burleigh Heads. Basalt—South of Ipswich, por. 25/26, par. Purga. 26. Basalt—Quarries, Bundamba. 27. Basalt—South of Ipswich, por. 124, par. Purga. 28. Olivine-Basalt—Fingal Point, Tweed Heads. 29. Basalt—Walkeden’s Quarry, Cooper’s Plains. bo OU : 30. Basalt—Two miles south of Lamington, por. 69, par. Telemon. 31. Basalt—Quarries, Toowoomba. 32. Basalt—Red Hill, Ipswich. 33. Basalt—Four miles south of Lamington, por. 67v, par. Telemon. 34, Basalt—Pittsworth, Queensland. 35. Basalt—3,000 feet level, south-east side, Mount Lindsay. Average Composition of the Volcanic Rocks of the Lower Division. This is of much less importance than the other two divisions and two analyses only were used here. They were combined equally in making the determination, and the analyses used were those of rocks numbered 30, 35. 184 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND: Mean Average Composition of the Volcanic Rocks of the Area. All three divisions are represented in each of the important accumulations of extruded material, and the average thicknesses are 1,000, 500 and 100 feet respectively for the upper, middle and lower divisions. The actual areal distribution of each division is approximately the same, as they are all piled one on top of the other, so that a general ratio of 10 : 5 : 1 is arrived at for the respective volumes of the upper, middle and lower divisions. By combining the averages for each of these divisions of rocks in these proportions, the following average composi- tion as shown in Table VIII. of the whole of the volcanic rocks of the area is obtained. For the purposes of these calculations, all the rocks were assumed to have the same density, as the roughness of the mapping did not warrant one taking differences of density mto account. The average analysis is seen to be close to the average andesite given by Daly,*® and also to the andesite from the southern end of Tamborine Plateau. It differs from the average andesite analysis mainly in alumina and iron-oxide value, though on totalling these a close approximation is ob- tained. The magnesia is rather higher, the lime slightly lower, and the potash a little higher than in the average andesite analysis. In comparing the average obtained with the Tam- borine andesite it is seen that the former is about 1 per cent. higher in silica, the ferric oxide is considerably lower, the magnesia is rather higher, and the potash and also the titania a little lower. : * Toneous Rocks and their Origin, p. 26. BY H. CG. RICHARDS. 185 This estimated average composition for the whole of the voleanie rocks of the area is based on rough general calculations, but it may be regarded as approximately correct. TaBLE VIII.—AVERAGE COMPOSITIONS. SESbe Teens vee IV. Westaseslats We | | | SiO, .. | 52-45 | 71-73 | 48-63 | 58-24 | 59:59 | 57-25 Al,O3 ..| 15:05 | 12:30 | 14:97 | 14-19 | 17-31 | (13-54 Fe,03 SrA DAR 2-16 | 3-14 2-62 | 333 | 5:38 FeO 2a) 4-89 1-21 | 9-19 5:89 PONE lime fe MgO So PRY Ree ean eres 3-89 2-75. '| 2-84 CaO = AE tig Ce yaad ten G0! ed es te 5-43 5-80 | 5-53 Na,O Si (ate ee 3°85 | 3-53 3-54 3-58 3-36 K,O aie ALG 4-74 | ~1:23 2-66 | 2-04 3-05 EMG ae ee aot 1:55 | 1:47 (cc 2 Ww ee a Hee Cig att higeae Yen seBi | Migeaaigy) AO esi laee TiO, .. | 240 _|--0-40 2-52 1:16 | 0-77 1-74 P3205 i, OroG | 0:00) s0.61 0-42 | 0-26 0-40 MnO -.| 0-19 | 0-04 | 0-16 0-14 | 0-18 0-26 Total .. | 100-00 100-00 | 100-00 | 100-00 100-00 100-00 | | Calculated as Water-Free. SiO, ..' 53:37 | 73:17 | 49°88 | 59-34 | 60-35 | 58-15 Al,Oz TORS St 12-58 | 15-32 | 14-46 | 17-54 | 13-75 Fe,O3 se ene 2-20 3-22 2-67 3:37 | 5-46 FeO Sali B03. [ep Poee 9-31 5-99 317 | 5-20 MgO ..| 558 0-43 5-53 3-97 2-78 | 2-89 CaO Sey, rade th Tele 8-47 5-53 5-87 | 5-62 Na,O ey Bare ae 3-61 | 3-59 | 3-63 3-41 K,O Baits CRO Lie sc Maeee 5 271 2-07 3-10 TiO, Se ara ee (0-40 2-63 | 1-18 0-78 1-76 PO; ..| 0-57 | 0-09 0-62 0-42 0-26 0-40 MnO -.| 0-19 | © 0-04 0-16 0-14 0-18 0-26 Tctal .. | 100-00 | 160-00 | 100-00 | 100-00 | 100-00 100-00 I.—Average composition of Voleanic Rocks of Upper Division. il.— Average compositicn of Voleanic Rccks of Middle Division. III.—Average composition of Voleanie Rocks of Lower Division. IV.—Average composition of Voleanic Rocks of all three Divisicns. V.—Average composition of 87 Andesites. (a) VI.—Composition of Andesite from Tamborine Plateau, por. 18, parish Witherin. (a) Daly. Igneous Rocks. 186 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND All the analyses available were used with the exception of that of the Glass House Mountains dacite and the Cainbable Creek trachyte. These are both of very minor importance, and would not really affect the determinations carried out above. Magmatic Relationships. In order to see whether the volcanic rocks were magma- tically related, the recalculated analyses, in percentages by weight, were plotted with the different oxides against the silica in the usual way in the constitution of variation dia- grams. It is quite obvious that the rocks as a whole do not conform to one particular curve for each oxide, and investigation shows that it is necessary to have at least three curves. The rocks which are definitely alkaline con- form closely to one series of curves having all the charac- teristics of curves for alkaline rocks, while the rocks definitely sub-alkaline conform closely to one series of curves which have all the characteristics of curves for sub-alkaline rocks. There are, however, nine rocks whose somewhat intermediate character had been detected already microscopically, and these are all found to conform fairly well with a series of curves which take up, as a rule, an intermediate position between the alkaline and sub-alkaline curves. An examination of all the diagrams (see Plates VI.- IX.) shows that generally speaking there is a close con- formity of the three series of rocks to their respective curves in each diagram. ‘ While in general the term ‘‘alkaline’’ as applied to rocks may be satisfactory the author felt that he wanted some specific information for the correct determination of the character of certain rocks, particularly the acid ones. A fine series of generalised variation diagrams which Harker shows on pages 150 and 151 of ‘‘The Natural History of Igneous Rocks’’ proved of very great value in this direction and the author adapted them for the purpose mentioned above. By drawing up the variation diagrams, each with its three curves, and also plotting Harker’s adapted generalised variation diagrams showing the curves for the alkaline (atlantic) and sub-alkaline (pacific) series, ‘ BY H. C. RICHARDS. 187 the normality or otherwise of the alkaline and sub-alkaline series of the rocks in question is shown, also the inter- mediate nature of the third series is made quite evident. There is no question as to the reliability of the curves on Harker’s generalised variation diagrams, and they fur- nish an excellent method of comparison. Harker’s curves are plotted from analyses of all igneous rocks whereas we are concerned with volcanic rocks only, and although in certain minor respects the curves for voleanic rocks would differ from curves for plutonic rocks, the influence this would have on these comparisons might be considered of minor importance. In addition Harker’s curves have not been drawn up from water-free analyses recalculated to 100 per cent. There are many interesting features about the varia- tion diagrams but the most outstanding thing is the general paucity of alumina and the general richness of iron-oxides for the rocks as a whole. Curves have been drawn for lime, magnesia, soda, potash, combined soda and potash, alumina, total iron-oxides as ferrous oxide, and combined alumina and total ferrous oxide. Well-shaped curves with the respective rocks of each series closely con- forming to its particular curve can be drawn for lime, magnesia, soda, potash, combined soda and potash, and combined alumina and total iron-oxide as ferrous oxide. In the case of alumina alone, and also of the total iron-oxides as ferrous oxide, it is impossible to draw curves of any value at all which have all the rocks conforming to them; but it is most noticeable that by combining these two values and plotting them, excellent curves, with the rocks closely conforming, can be drawn. An examination of Plate VIII. shows that the alumina values are as a rule. markedly low and the ferrous oxide values markedly high, and, moreover, there is an antipathetic variation from the normal curve of these values in the same rock. Normally, curves for alumina and ferrous oxides are antipathetic, so that one might expect to obtain reasonable curves for the combined oxides. This expectation is very well fulfilled (see Plate IX.), and the curves for the three rock series are all very close and are closely comparable with the 188 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND eurves for these combined oxides which have been adapted from Harker’s curves. The only rock that does not conform well is the Toowoomba basalt, and the low alumina value is accompanied by a high magnesia value; this rock is extremely rich in olivine. Thus while the alumina is certainly low and the total iron-oxides as ferrous oxide certainly high, the combined oxides are thoroughly normal. The curves for lime are all good ones, and when com- pared with the generalised curves of Harker it is seen that both the sub-alkaline and alkaline series are slightly lower than normal, while the third series occupies an intermediate position. The curves for magnesia are, generally speaking, good, although the Burleigh Heads andesitic-basalt has a low value, and the Toowoomba basalt a high value. The Bur- leigh Heads rock in other respects is, however, nearly normal. The Toowoomba basalt is extremely rich in olivine, and this accounts for the high value for magnesia, and it is to be noted that the alumina value for this rock is corres- pondinely low. The curve for the sub-alkaline series is almost normal although a little low, but that for the alka- line series is considerably lower than the normal alkaline curve. The third series gives a very good curve which takes up an intermediate position between the other two. The curves for soda are reasonably good, but in com- parison with the generalised curves of Harker the alkaline curve is seen to be considerably higher, and the sub-alkaline curve, while nearly normal, is a shade high towards the basic end. The curve for the third series is again in an intermediate position. The trachyte from the summit of Mount Flinders is considerably below the alkaline curve, but in the potash diagram it is seen to be somewhat above. The rocks as a whole are a little above the normal in soda. The curves for potash are not as good as those for soda, and show the alkaline series to be shghtly above the normal, and the sub-alkaline series rather more so, except towards the basic end. The rhyolite from Glen Rock is considerably off the curve for the third series. The rocks as a whole are little above the normal in their potash value. BY H. C. RICHARDS. 189 The curves for combined soda and potash are good curves, and both the alkaline and sub-alkaline curves are somewhat above the normal. The trachyte from Cainbable Creek, which on general considerations is regarded as belonging to the sub-alkaline series, is rather richer in alka- lies than the others of that series. The third series of rocks again takes up an intermediate position. Curves for phosphorus pentoxide, titania and manganese oxide have not been drawn up. After an investigation of these variation diagrams, it is clear that the rocks of the area belong to three series, an alkaline series, a sub-alkaline series, and a third series intermediate between these two. also that the rocks of the area as a whole are a little higher in both soda and potash, and a little lower in both lime and magnesia, than the normal, and although the alumina is low and the total iron-oxides are high, the combined oxides of aluminium and iron are normal. The Alkaline Series. The rocks of this series are from the Glass House Mountains, Flinders Range and the Main Range. There are eight analyses, and all are those of Dr. Jensen. These rocks form perhaps 5 per cent. of the voleanie rocks of this area, which has been generally regarded as one rich in alkaline eruptives. The series ranges from acid to sub-acid and is much more restricted in that respect than the other series. It is particularly rich in alkalies and rather deficient in lime and magnesia, when compared with the alkaline rocks as a whole; but this is to be expected to some extent as alkaline voleanic extrusives are, in general, more salic than the equivalent plutonic types. The occurrences are somewhat scattered and separated from one another. Dr. Jensen has dwelt on the fact that these alkaline rocks have been poured out near the june- tions of the Palxozoic and Mesozoic formations. This is in general true, but we have had apparently similar conditions of folding, faulting and position with regard to Mesozoic coastlines &e., for both the alkaline and _ sub-alkaline series. 190 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND Dr. Jensen** has also advocated the assimilation of carbonate rocks by the parent magma with the resultant production of alkaline material. Daly*’ has elaborated this view, and indicates that, in the localities with which we are here concerned, highly calcareous Mesozoic sedi- ments and possibly Paleozoic limestones have been cut by the alkaline eruptives. While small lenticular patches of limestone a few feet in diameter, and sandstone beds con- taining abundant calcareous material, are occasionally met in the Mesozoic sediments of this area, the use of the term ‘* highly caleareous’’ does not seem at all justified for the formation as a whole; and, as far as the author can learn, there is no justification at all for assuming that Paleozoic limestones have been cut through, for the Mesozoic sedi- ments lie unconformably on the old Palzozoie schists which are not at all specially calcareous but rather the reverse and which are older than any known deposit of limestone in this portion of Queensland. An analysis of a typical sample of these schists by the Agricultural Chemist, Bris- bane, gave 1-59 per cent. CaO, 3-39 per cent. Na,O, 3-07 per cent. K,O. As far as this area is concerned the evidence is rather against any special limestone assimilation by the sub- alkaline magma. Daly apparently holds that the sub-alkaline magma as it traverses the formation absorbs the limestone or dolomite with the resultant production of alkaline material. The thickness of Mesozoic formations traversed by the alkaline rocks in the Glass House Mountains and Mount Flinders area is really small, especially at Mount Beerwah, and it seems inconceivable to the author that the alkaline nature of this material resulted subsequently to the passage of the material into the Mesozoic material. If it did so, then one is faced with explaining why one finds alkaline lavas and sub-alkaline lavas resting one on top of the other and poured out in all probability from the same opening. At the Main Range, we have alkaline trachyte occur- ring between sub-alkaline, sub-basic, and basic lavas. * Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W., 1908, vol. xxxiii. “Op. cit. BY H. C. RICHARDS. 191 It is very difficult to fit in the above evidence with the idea that the alkaline magma results from the assimilation of limestone material as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic for- mations are intruded. It is conceivable that, in the magma reservoir, the absorption of limestone material would bring about a magmatic splitting resulting in an alkaline partial magma being formed, but it has already been shown that the sub-alkaline as well as the alkaline rocks are really slightly deficient in lime and magnesia. It is of interest also to note that in connection with Daly’s theory Professor P. Marshall states**:—‘‘ There appears to be no evidence in support of this theory as far as our knowledge of the alkaline rocks of the South Pacific Islands allows us to form a judgment at the present time.”’ The evidence from this area is certainly strongly in favour of differentiation of the original magma resulting in the formation of the alkaline material having taken place in the magma reservoir. The average composition of the alkaline rocks in the area has been estimated, and the Glass House Mountains area, Mount Flinders area, and the Main Range area were assumed to be of approximately equal importance in making the calculation. The result is possibly a little high in soda and titania, as the Main Range trachyte was especially rich in these two, and perhaps more so than usual. Analyses used were those of rocks numbered 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 21. Sub-alkaline Series. This series of rocks is represented in the upper, middle, and lower divisions, and embraces something more than 90 per cent. of the extruded material. The series ranges from acid to basic, and the rocks occur in all parts of the area. In comparison with normal sub-alkaline rocks, it has been shown that this series is characterised by a slightly higher alkali percentage and slightly lower lime and magnesia percentage ; also, while the alumina is lower and the iron- oxides higher, the combination of these is about normal. 8 Trans. and Proc., N. Z. Inst., vol. xlvii., 1915, p. 372. 192 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND There is little doubt as to the magmatic relationship of the rocks of this series, for in practically all the curves all the rocks conform closely. Considering the extent of the area from which these rocks have been collected, and the fact that at least four different analysts carried out the chemical work, the general conformity to the curves might be considered good. The magmatic relationship existing between acid and_ basic rocks in this series is of note, because the alkaline series seems restricted to acid and sub-acid representatives. The mean average composition of the sub-alkaline series has been determined, and in doing so the results of the eighteen analyses of the series were combined equally, for it was considered that the rocks analysed in the general way represented the rocks of the series in the proper pro- portions. Analyses used were those of rocks numbered 1,3, 4, 6, 18, 15; 18, 20; 23, 24, 25, 26, 29,30) SI aaa.as Intermediate Series. This series embraces rocks from the upper, middle, and lower divisions, and their positions in these divisions are worthy of note. The basalt from Mount Lindsay is the uppermost flow of the lower division, and the basalts from the summit of Mount Spicer, Purga, and Fingal Point, Tweed Heads, are some of the most recent flows of the upper division, while the five remaining rocks of the series from the Esk district are believed to belong to the middle division. Whether the occurrence of these rocks at the termination of two periods of activity during which basic rocks have been poured out is a mere coincidence or not, is a question. It is true that following upon the Mount Lind- say basalt there were acid rocks made up almost entirely of quartz and alkali felspar, but whether this has any bearing or not on the somewhat intermediate character of this basalt is at present indefinite. One may explain this series of rocks as resulting from a magma formed by an admixture of the alkaline and sub- alkaline magmas, or else from a separate partial magma which had been split off from the parent magma in the Same way that one assumes other partial magmas to have BY H. C. RICHARDS. 193 resulted. This series is, perhaps, more ¢losely allied to the sub-alkaline series than to the alkaline series. An estimate of the average composition of this series has been made, and in doing so the nine rocks analysed were taken as equally proportionate. Analyses used were those of rocks numbered 5, 8, 11, 17, 19, 22, 27, 28, 35. TaBLE I[X.—AVERAGE COMPOSITIONS. se I. bean ple: eh SiO, ae 2. igs KS 66-13 | 5824 | 59-06 Al,O; ae i; ag Saiile 14368 14-07 14-44 Fe,0, ee ae iy uf 2-93 3-00 2-83 FeO is ns ee a 1:25 | 551 6-13 MgO Be md ey aa 0-19 | 4-26 | 2-45 CaO < ne we Es 0-98 5-83 | 4-07 Na,O a - 3 i 6-22 — 3-38 4-64 K,O 4-61 2-52 2-54 H,O+ 0-98 1-21 1-42 Hos 0-66 | 0.47 0-47 TiO, 1-27 | 1-03 1:30 P.O; eral 0-33 0.53 MnO 0-09 | 0-15 0-12 Total?” -¥: ! .. | 100-€0 | 100-00 100-00 Calculated as Water-Free. SiO, ae ce a ..{ 67-22 | 59-25 60-19 Al,O5 a ae ee £5 14:95 | 14-29 14-73 Fe,03 i a iy ar 2-98 | 3-05 2-89 FeO a a a - 1:27 5-61 6-25 MgO : a ae Ee 0-19 | 4-33 2-49 CaO he 2 be ‘es 1-00 | 5-94 4-15 Na,O ty = ead x 6-32 3-43 4-73 K,O oy i i 4-68 2-56 2-59 TiO, * i e ¥ 1-29 1-05 1-32 P.O; MG: aS i Sails hayaer® 0-34 0-54. MnO ic Pt 0 ae 0-09 0-15 0-12 Bo tialyaees< x ..| 100-00 100-00 100-00 | I.—Average Composition of Alkaline Series of Voleanic Rocks. IIl.—Average Composition of Sub-alkaline Series of Voleanic Rocks. IJi.—Average Composition of Series intermediate between Alka- line and Sub-alkaline. 194 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND VII. PETROGRAPHIC PROVINCES. The conclusions to be derived from the above considera- tions are— 1. During the ? Lower Cainozoie period there was an extensive basic to sub-basie sub-alkaline pro- vince over most of the southern and western portion of the area. 2. During the ? Middle Cainozoic period there was an acid sub-alkaline sub-province, and at least three acid to sub-acid alkaline sub-pro- vinces, two of which. namely, those of the Main Range and Mount Flinders, were probably connected. 3. During the ?Upper Cainozoic period there was a basic to sub-basic sub-alkaline province over almost the whole area. In addition to this, during the ? Middle Cainozoic period, there was a sub-province in the Esk district, parti- cularly characterised by an acid to sub-acid series of rocks: of a nature intermediate between the alkaline and sub- alkaline but more allied perhaps to the latter. Relationship between the Volcanic Rocks and Earth Movements. There is no evidence in this area of the folding move- ments such as Harker*® associates with the pacific or sub- alkaline type of rocks; but, on the other hand, faulting on an extensive scale is known to have taken place along cer- tain lines. The main fault-lines are in a general north and south direction along the eastern escarpment of the Main Range, and along a line to the west of Ipswich; there is a possible extension of this latter fault-line in a north-east ‘and south-west direction to Mount Flinders. The Main Range faulting took place at some time sub- sequent to the extrusion of the volcanic rocks of the upper division, as they had been dissected by streams to a depth of 1,500 feet at least, but whether faulting had occurred * Natural History of Igneous Rocks. BY H. C. RICHARDS. 195 along this line before, it is difficult to say. However, we have along this particular line both the upper and lower sub-alkaline extrusions with the alkaline extrusions between, so that it is difficult to see how Harker’s generalisations hold here. The available evidence certainly does not sup- port the generalisations made by Harker. Similar con- clusions have been arrived at for the Victorian Cainozoic rocks by Professor Skeats and Dr. Summers.°° In all probability, further evidence of faulting will be forthcoming in the southern portion of the area, but there is nothing to suggest that folding except on a very minor scale has happened anywhere in the area since the Palzo- zole era. VIII. ORIGIN OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS. It has been shown that different portions and also in some cases the same portions of the area have been charac- terised by different series of voleanic rocks at various times. This one assumes to be the result of magmatic differences, and further that these different magmas have been derived from the parent magma. Certain characteris- tics which are common to the different series strengthen the belief that they are magmatically related. These charac- teristics have been frequently cited earlier, and are the general paucity in alumina and corresponding richness in iron-oxides, together with a slight lack of lime and magnesia and a slight excess of the alkalies. An estimate of the general composition of this parent magma has been made, and it is very close to that of the average andesite. That such a rock magma could exist is shown by the similarity of its composition with that of the andesite from the southern portion of Tamborine Plateau. The parent magma split up in some way into a large sub-alkaline magma, and several smaller alkaline magmas, and magmas with a composition intermediate between the Geol. Surv., Victoria, Bull. 24; and Proc. Roy. Soc., Vic., 1914, p. 289. 196 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND sub-alkaline and alkaline ones. Serial differentiation then went on in these magmas, and as a result the various rocks were separated out. With the sub-alkaline magma, the order of separation and extrusion of the material seems to have been as follows: —RBasic, then sub-basie and basic, extensive acid, still more extensive basic and sub-basic, and finally basic. While the sub-alkaline magma was extruding the acid material the alkali magmas were sending off acid and sub-acid material in the different centres, and these were exhausted before the sub-alkaline magma again extruded the basic and sub-basic material. The magmas of intermediate com- position began extruding basic material previous to the acid sub-alkaline extrusions, and while the latter were being exhausted, acid and sub-acid material of an intermediate nature was separated off and extruded; some of the most recent flows in the area were the last extrusions of a basic nature from these magmas. TABLE X. a | if | oe ihe | IV. SiO, 70-47 49-65 60-06 59°34 Al,O; 14:90 16-13 15-52 14-46 Fe,0, 1-63 5-47 3°55 2-67 FeO 1:68 6:45 4-06 5:99 MgO 0-98 6-14 3°56 3°97 CaO 2-17 9-07 5-62 5:53 Na,O 3°31 3°24 3-28 3°59 iO 4-10 1-66 2-88 2-71 TiO, 0-39 1-41 0-90 1-18 PlOF 0-24 0:48 0:36 0-42 MnO 0-13 0-30 0-21 0-14 Total -. | 100-00 |} 100-00 100-00 100-00 I.—Average Composition of Granites of the World. (a) IJ.—Average Composition of Basalts of the World. (a) I1I.—Mean of I. and II. IV.—Average Composition of Voleanic Rocks of the Area. (a) Daly, Igneous Rocks. The estimated average composition of the parent magma bears a close relationship to the mean of the world’s average BY H. C. RICHARDS. 197 granitic rock and the world’s average basaltic rock. (See Table X.) Whether this has any significance or not it is difficult to say, but it is certainly a matter of interest in view of the fact that there are many ardent advocates of the view that there are two primary magmas, an acid and a basic one. In any case, a commingling of these two magmas could only be regarded as furnishing the magmatie material which became differentiated somewhat on the lines outlined above. IX. SUMMARY. The area dealt with is one of 4,000 square miles, and is in the extreme south-eastern corner of Queensland. The physical features have several marked charae- teristics, and a close relationship between them and the voleanie rocks exists. Important earth movements of a vertical kind only have taken place since the Paleozoic era. Volcanic rocks occur in great abundance, and the dis- tribution of these rocks and their relationship to the sedimentary and metamorphic rocks of the area have been described and illustrated by means of a sketch-map and sketch-sections. The maximum thickness of the voleanic products is approximately 3,000 feet, and three well-marked strati- graphic divisions of these have been definitely established. A close correlation between these volcanic rocks and those of Cainozoic age in New South Wales and Victoria has been shown. The upper division has a maximum thickness of 2,000 feet, which is common throughout a large portion of the area, and which is made up of a large number of flows of basalt, andesitic basalt, and andesite; in some places pyro- clastic accumulations occur. The middle division has a maximum thickness of 1,000: feet, and is made up of acid and sub-acid lava flows, plugs, and in the south of a very extensive development of acid pyroclastic material. 198 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND The lower division has a maximum thickness in one place of 1,500 feet, though 100 feet is the average thickness, and it is made up mainly of basic lavas with occasional flows of andesitic material. The age of the activity which produced all the volcanic material of this area, with the exception of the Brisbane tuff, is believed to be Cainozoic, and that of the lower, middle and upper divisions to be of approximately lower, middle and upper Cainozoie age. The evidence of previous observers, notably E. O. Marks and R. A. Wearne, in favour of an upper Trias- Jura age for portion of the extruded material has been critically examined and rejected in favour of a post-Trias- Jura age for all the material. The field occurrence of the volcanic rocks is recorded and they are shown in all cases to rest on top of the uppermost Trias-Jura deposits. Extrusions both from fissures and central vents have taken place, though the greater portion of the basic and sub-basic material has been effused quietly from fissures. Rhyolites, trachytes, dacites, andesites and basalts have been recognised and petrographic descriptions re- corded. The distribution of trachytes as indicated by Dr. Jensen is criticised, also a general sketch-section through the area which he has published. The chemical characters of the rocks are illustrated by thirty-five complete analyses, twenty-five of which have been recently made in the laboratory of the State Agricul- tural Chemist. By means of variation diagrams, the genetic relation- ship existing between all the rocks is shown and three definite series have been recognised. The three series are—(a) An alkaline series, the members of which range from acid to sub-acid, and belong to the middle division; (b) a sub-alkaline series, embracing BY H. C. RICHARDS. 199 rocks from acid to basic, and oceurring in all three divi- sions; and (c) a series intermediate between (a) and (b), containing rocks ranging from acid to basic and in all three divisions. The chemical characters of the rocks in comparison with alkaline and sub-alkaline rocks in general is shown by means of variation diagrams. 6 6 $s 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 / oO Sasa wh Xe Proc. Roy. Soc, Q’LAND, Vou. xxv. No. 7 PLATE VIT. 50% 55% 60% los 708 75 & bs r SS B = - @ - f2 7 “a wa ae “ a 10. Z 10 7 e it |e es a 7 , 8 5 u 7 (= — os = —— ace e fee ae — Sub Cikalime ré ba Ie u os as SS AiR, Ps) a on —ar —— —bntrmediat 5 4 = ue ye (3 * ri le 4S ete * ee = 3 - 3 8 ; «0, __ a s ed) 6st ref, 5, Pelt = Jha a hi [ee Proc. Ro 22 2/ Zos Simin (eV Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’LAND, Vou. xxv. No. 7 Puate VIII. 50% cord oox Cord por 752 Hl. Os % S25 ait SSioy 126 —— rites akan FeOx 1 10 9 s 6 8 uy 7 . 6 5 ’ 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 , BH be Att ak re NE eg mi i Wy I bh Ot Ot 4 o) 2 oa | il ca ne capo tl ey | ‘ a ; | NSS ay un : ae 6lozrt gtr Bt Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’LAND, VOL. XXvVII. Ss) Ehy Gos S 3 a Ss S s Ma+kO t INO} 7 4 6/ (] St PLATE IX. o£- 205 O09 (24 > GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-MAP OF SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND SHOWING THE EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS ° 6 12 mi/es ees cree eel BASED ON MAPS PUBLISHED BY THE QLD. GEOL. SurRvEY ano | JENSEN D SC... WITH ALTERATIONS AND ADO:TIONS BY THE AUTHOR > — PLate X, On) eee Ogee So NOM Ce V Ih, NO. Ie | GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-—MAP oO F SOUTH-EASTERN QUEENSLAND SHOWING THE EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION CAINOZCIC OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS — Manco umole SS WS Se NUN = eee ty fa VG SS Wyse Ye Zs Ya 4 h v A / fi // ; ca ZL YA Ya A“ 4 f 1 ! PLATE, XG: PRO S\ E; COAST TAMBORINE PLATEAU | PACIFIC OCEAN COOMERA RIVER NERANG | NERANG RIVER VERTICAL SCALE t 2000! HORIZONTAL SCALE f_/ 7 UPPER ———— BASALT, ANDESITE. | oo sau] TRACHYTE LAVA, TUFF. OStTO Le EO CAINOZOIC FHYOLITE LAVA. TUFF. PITCHSTONE AGGLOMERATE, -— LOWER Ss NW. er BASALT. ANDESITE MraMBORINE PLATEAU ALBERT RIVER| | es | | = MESOZOIC faa | : FEC On | eee = eee PALAEOZCIC ? $3 274 Cxr ¥ VERTICAL SCALE 2 =. a or feck HORIZONTAL SCALE 2&4 4 3 4% ¢ € mies LAMINGTON PLATEAU MacPHERSONSRANGE [= VERTICAL) SCALE | 12 2opot ees ae HORIZONTAL SCALE 2 4 & "A miles ig SKETCH=SECTION E.&.4. THROUGH LAMINGTON PLATEAU. | Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’LANp, Vou, xxvii, No. 7 Pure XI. NY JAMBORINE PLATEAU coast BLANTYRE LOGAN RivcR | CIRNAM RANGE | A Toempeiene ENGLESBURG Mr FunoERS WoooHiLe ALBERT RIVER FASSIFERN cLumec) Mr. EDWARDS ees alee COOMERA RIVER NERANG. | | NERANG RIVER FIG. I. GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-SECTION N.5. PROM MAIN RANGE TO MT.PLINDERS AND EAST TO PACIFIC OCEAN. cAiNozolc SSE NNW. W.. SSW. NNE|SE. NW, | | RM 020667 swear | W | om Mar PHERSONSRANGE GLASS CUTTING NEAASL Mr) MkehscHAUM. TAMBORINE PLATEAU a Hl SPRINGBROOK PLATEAU oor LBERT RIVER) ---------- uesozorc RRAfbemee ees. Meese 7) ih e833 eae EA RTICAL) SCALP eee iar PIG, 11, GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-SECTION IN GENERAL N.W. DIRECTION FROU MACPHERSON'S HORIZONTAL SCALE S = af 4 ¢ ¢ € msec RANGE TO ALBERT RIVER. beats Wee Bese A 335 26 VERTICAL ScAl WW Wee Sei F VERTICAL) SCALE) t= po sar res HORIZONTAL scaLee os hen HORIZONTAL SCALES ___8 : Sits FIG. 1V. GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-SECTION E.&.4. THROUGH LAMINGTON PLATEAU. FIG. 111.GEOLOGICAL SKETCH-SECTION N.&.S. THROUGH MT. LINDSAY. Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’LAND, VoL. xxv. No. 7 PLATE XIT. Proc. Roy. Soc. Q’LAND, Vou. xxvil. No. 7 PLATE XTIT. PLATE XGhV- = ( No. XXVII. Soc. Q’LAND, VOL. Proc. Roy. 4 7 : ns 5 te ies, a wd MYA er on } k ba ee fs f - corse b ¥ of i. ¢ | * rhage. o* P QUBENSLAND ““BiO = 1925: caine VOL. XXVII—PART IL. ——— _ ISSUED 18rx MARCH, 1916. : PRINTED FOR THE SocreTy : gee Bae ge ae 5 HONY JAMES CUMMING, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, BRISBAN a bitin ae > AND sat SG H. POLE & COQ., PRINTERS, ELIZABETH STREET, BRISBAN) wi