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ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL. SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
' Established 1879

REGISTERED UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT 1899 (1917)

Patrons :
Sir Philip Woolcott Game, K-C.B., K.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., G.B.E., D.S.O.
The Right Honourable Sir John Greig Latham, G.C.M.G.

COUNCIL, 1952-53
President : James Roy Kinghorn, F.R.Z.S., C.M.Z.S.

Vice-Presidents :
Sir Edward John Lees Hallstrom, K.B., F.R.Z.S.
Frank Marshall, C.M.G., D.D.S. * |
Garnet Halloran, M.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.S. CEdin.), F.R.A.C.S.
Emil Herman Zeck, F.R.Z.S.
Members :
Anthony Irwin Ormsby, LL.B.

Henry Burgh
Theodore Cleveland Roughley, B.Sc.,
F.R.Z.S.

Norman Chaffer

Percy Fincham Harvey
James Allen Keast
Keith Collingwood McKeown, F.R.Z.S. *

John Waterhouse

Ellis Le rae Troughton, F.R.Z.S.,

Officers:
Honorary Secretary: Mrs. L. Harford.

_ Honorary Treasurer: C. F. Laseron, F.R.Z.S.
Honorary Editor : Gilbert Percy Whitley, F.R.Z.S.
Honorary Librarian: Mrs. M. D. Scott-Sim
Assistant Honorary Secretary : Mrs. F. E. Lane
Assistant Honorary Treasurer: L. Webber.
Honorary Auditor: M. S. Davies

Honorary Solicitor: Aubrey Halloran, B.A., LL.B.
OFFICERS OF SECTIONS
Marine Zoological Section :
Chairman: C. F. Laseron
Hon. Secretary: L. Walters
Ornithological Section :

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Avicultural Section:
Chairman: L. Webber
Hon. Secretary: Percy F. Harvey
Budgerigar Section :
Chairman: H. Yardley : Chairman: J. J.’ Francis
Hon. Secretary: J. L. Bright Hon. Secretary: A. R. McGill
General Section: ‘
Chairman: Elizabeth Pope, M.Sc.
_ Hon. Secretary: P. R. Johnston

' * Since Deceased —

It was with profound regret that Members of
the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
learnt of the death last February of

HIS MAJESTY KING GEORGE VI.

The President, on behalf of Members, offered
appropriate messages, and the following commun1-
cation has been received from His Excellency the

Governor of New South Wales:—

Government House,
Sydney.
“The Governor of New South Wales, Lieutenant-General
Sir John Northcott, has it in command from Her Majesty Queen
Elizabeth the Second to say that your message of sympathy and
loyalty has been received at Buckingham Palace and was much

appreciated by Her Majesty and other Members of the Royal

Family.”

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ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

NEW SOUTH WALES

The Seventy-second Annual Meeting was held at Taronga Park on
Saturday, 26th July, 1952. Over 70 members and friends were present.
The Hon. Secretary presented the

72nd ANNUAL REPORT

Membership at Ist July, 1952.—The total membership of the
Society is 577, which is only one less than that for the previous year; these
are divided as follows:—1 Endowment Member, 3 Associate Benefactors,
8 Honorary Members, 55 Life Members, 371 Ordinary Members, 2 Honorary
aoe Members, 18 Life Associate Members, 111 Associates and 22 Junior

embers.

A total of 61 members were removed from the Register; 44 of these
in terms of Article 9 of the Constitution; 16 by resignation and 7 by death.
In respect to the latter it is felt that special reference should be made to the
late Dr. Frank Marshall, who died on the 16th of January of this year.
Dr. Marshall was a member for twenty years and was President from 1945
to 1948. He did much to foster the interests of the Society. (See obituary
notice on page 11.)

Council.— Twelve meetings of the Council were held during the year,
the average attendance being 13; an increase over the last two years.

Honours.— The Council is pleased to record that Her Most Gracious
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. has conferred a knighthood on our esteemed
member, Edward John Lees Hallstrom, in honour mainly of his great philan-
thropic work in this country and his contributions in the cause of the
advancement of medical science. I am sure that members of the Society
join with the Council in congratulating Sir Edward, wishing him long life
to enjoy this great honour.

Appointments.— Mr. Charles Laseron, who was acting ‘Treasurer, has
offered to continue and was officially elected to that office, ably assisted by
the Assistant Treasurer, Mr. Webber. ‘Through Mr. Laseron’s efforts the
gccty has been able to present two, and possibly three, long overdue balance
sheets.

Mr. Vincent Fairfax has been made an Honorary Member of the Society
in appreciation of the work he has done, particularly on behalf of the
Budgerigar Section.

Mr. S. Davies has accepted the position of Honorary Auditor. The
Council has created a new ofice—that of Honorary Solicitor—and is pleased
to announce that its senior and revered member, Mr. Aubrey Halloran, has
accepted that office.

DECS 1 1952

Ladies’ Auxiliary.—During the year the Honorary Secretary and Mrs.
Gadsden were asked to convene a meeting to form a Ladies’ Auxiliary with
the object of arranging social events, hoping thereby to add to the revenue
of the Society. On the 20th November, 1951, the visiting scientists of the
Danish Deep Sea Expedition, from the “Galatea,” were entertained at
Taronga Park, and later Dr. Anton Bruun and several of his associates
attended a Christmas social held in the Society’s room. ‘This was a most
enjoyable evening, and promised success for further ventures of the
Auxiliary.

Financial.— Unfortunately, the balance sheet shows a heavy deficit
for the year, but this is due almost entirely to the greatly increased rental
for our headquarters. Following the announcement of this to the Council,
a special finance committee was formed, and reported that to save the
Pee. any further financial embarrassment the fees of members must be
raised.

Special General Meeting.—A Special General Meeting was held
in the lecture hall of the Australian Museum on the 22nd April, 1952, when
it was agreed to amend Article 9 so that subscriptions be increased as follows:
Members, £2/2/- per annum; Association Members, £1/1/- per annum; the
increase to affect subscriptions commencing the year 1952. Following this
meeting, Mr. A. Musgrave, a Life Member, made a donation of £20 to
the Society’s funds—a gesture greatly appreciated by the Council.

Publications.— The Australian Zoologist, Vol. xi, Part 4, was issued
in July, 1951, and the Proceedings for 1950-51 was published in March,
1952:

Entomological Activities.—Following a suggestion by the President
at the last Annual Meeting regarding the possibility of establishing an insect
breeding house at Taronga Zoological Park, all available information has been
collected from overseas Zoos. ‘This was submitted to entomologists within
the Society and will be put to the Entomological Society of New South Wales
by the President at an early date. It is hoped that an Entomological Section
of this Society will eventuate and that some valuable work will result
therefrom.

Fauna Panel.—Your representative on the Panel, Mr. E. Le G.
Troughton, has attended all meetings during the year and he has played
a very active part, and submitted valuable suggestions for the better education
of New Australians and others, so far as the protection of fauna is con-
cerned. The Panel is giving every possible help to country groups wishing
to form local fauna societies, and in addition has carried out a successful
survey of the status of the Mallee Fowl, and is now engaged on one con-
cerning the Plain Turkey and the Scrub Turkey.

A letter of protest was sent to the Minister for Local Government re
the proposed oil refinery at Cowan Creek.

Sections.—The sections continue to function satisfactorily, as their
various annual reports (printed elsewhere) will show.

The adoption of the Annual Report was moved by Lieut.-Colonel H.
Burgh, seconded by Mr. G. P. Whitley, and carried unanimously.

The following were re-elected to the Council:—Lieut.-Colonel H.
Burgh, Dr. G. Halloran, Messrs. T. Roughley, N. Chaffer, K. McKeown and
E. ‘Troughton.

Address by Guest Speaker.—Dr. John Hough, of the University of
Colorado, U.S.A.:—

I may claim to be somewhat of a zoologist by marriage, and also by
avocation, since Mrs. Hough and I spend many of our spare hours in the
operation of the bird banding station in the garden of our home. Hence,

4

very unofficially, but nonetheless sincerely, I may be permitted to express greet-
ings to you from the research branch of my Government, the Fish and
Wild Life Service of the Department of the Interior, under which the bird
banding programme in the United States is administered.

Being a layman, I am encouraged by my observations here of the large
number of laymen who take a keen interest in research in the natural
sciences, who make of the membership of the sections I have been privileged
to attend, butchers, bakers and candlestick makers, as well as others of less
strenuous occupations. JI am encouraged to speak briefly of the work to
which our contribution is a tiny part.

We are but one pair of approximately 2,000 amateurs who, simply
because they are interested in birds and in the forwarding of the programme,
serve as banders of as many birds as possible in order that there may be
banded and recorded individuals from whom the small per cent. recovered
provide data for scientific conclusions. All our records, both of our own
banding, returns to our own station after an interval of a breeding season,
or birds banded elsewhere that may appear in our traps, go to the central
office in Washington, where they are immediately duplicated and sent to
Ottawa. Canadian records are similarly shared, not only for the obvious
reason that on the North American continent birds do not recognise the 49th
parallel, but for the more serious purpose of providing information on which
both Canadian and American laws and regulations may be based, dealing
with, in the case of game birds, for example, season and bag limits, protected
areas and such like. All these records are filed on IBM cards, suitably
punched in code design of all pertinent information, so that the specialists
who use them may, simply by setting the proper push buttons, immediately
and automatically extract all records desired, say, for example, all female
mallard ducks banded in a given State, or at a given station within a given
length of time, or conversely, all other recoveries of the above ducks in other
areas. Data of this sort are actually provided by Federal and State officers
who band huge numbers of game birds in colony or roost banding. ‘The
amateur, like myself, provides anywhere from 500 to 2,000 banding records
per year, of many different species, mostly song birds, on which depends
an appreciable fraction of the material necessary for ornithological research
of all kinds. Even more satisfying than this are the opportunities for small
but important contributions of our own, for studies of plumage, longevity
and local problems of distribution and movement which can be, and are,
not infrequently made. ‘The use of colour bands, for identification of an
individual without necessity for retrapping, greatly enlarges the scope of
the layman’s possible activities.

In addition to general banding, we are not infrequently given special
instructions by the Service to make an effort to band as many as possible
of a certain species, since the Service itself may be working on a _ particular
problem over a wide area. The last few years, for example, all banders
have been requested to band large numbers of Mourning Doves, to note
carefully conditions of health on all birds handled, and report thereon in
order to provide the Government with the necessary information concerning
the carrying and spread of certain diseases which is of serious concern to
this species.

Special observations are also required of us on some matters which may
not actually have a direct bearing upon our own banding. The Service
itself for some years now has been placing different coloured bands on_nestling
gulls from the Great Lakes breeding grounds as opposed to those along the
eastern coasts. All banders are expected to co-operate in field observation of
gulls and send in information which will contribute to the solution of the
problem of dispersal of nestlings from one nesting area to subsequent mature
life in the other area.

Passing from those activities in which the bander takes a direct or
indirect part, I may note some of the more exciting activities which have
recently attracted much attention. The breeding grounds of the 37 remaining

5

Whooping Cranes have been the object of search by the Service, by follow-
ing the Cranes into northern Canada in the spring. ‘The efforts have so far
failed, as each time the Cranes succeeded in losing the airplane in fog or
bad weather. But another attempt will be made, I believe, next spring,
and when the place is known it will be the object of strenuous efforts to
protect this fast disappearing bird.*

Similar data previous to protective measures have in the past, often in
co-operation with Audubon Societies, succeeded in preserving the Egret from
a different kind of danger, the millinery trade. The fate of the Ivory-billed
Woodpecker, now reduced to only two known individuals, both females,
warns us of the necessity for reconciling ornithology with progress. The
removal of dead trees, which are the natural nesting place also for thie
once common and much beloved Red-headed Woodpecker, forced them to
use telephone poles instead. But of this the telephone companies took a
dim view. After having just rejoiced at the virtual extinction of the Bison,
which chose poles against which to rub themselves, and often knocked
them down, telephone companies then found that the woodpecker holes were
repeatedly causing the poles to break in high winds. A coat of creosote
effectively discouraged the bird from nesting, but it has also effectively cut
down his numbers. Even the common bluebird suffers also from “progress,”
and the Service lends strong support to the Audubon Society programme
of providing man-made boxes for the nesting of this species.

Other important work in which the bander is expected to co-operate
is the very difficult task of educating the public, especially farmers, to a
realisation that many species, especially Raptores and various kinds of black-
birds, are more beneficial than harmful, and that against the occasional
chicken that may disappear from the farmyard, the same bird devours thou-
sands upon thousands of rats, mice, grasshoppers and other pests that destroy
the same farmer’s crops. ‘These facts, incontrovertibly established by stomach
analyses, make a greater appeal when reinforced by popular demonstration,
as occasionally happens when a crop is actually saved by the appearance
of a flock of the birds in question. I recall, off hand, that Massachusetts
farmers were finally convinced of the value of Grackles when, after shooting
them by the thousands, they lost their crops all the faster, since it then lay
open to the grasshopper, which, the farmer now knows, is the natural food
of his supposed enemy, the Grackle. We in the west love our inland
gulls, who light by thousands upon the wheatlands to feed on this same
destructive insect. You may have heard of the granite monument in honour
of the gulls in Salt Lake City, set up by grateful Mormons, the saving
of whose crops in their pioneer days was more than of scientific interest.

As the name indicates, the Fish and Wild Life Service has other interests.
Wide scale fish marking with similar purposes and similar results, and in
co-operation with State agencies, produces the Canadian and U.S. laws, of
benefit alike to fish and fisher. The Columbia River salmon experiment bids
fair to revolutionise the salmon industry. ‘The Great Lakes lamprey danger
is under close survey. In my State, and very close to my home, in co-opera-
tion with the Park and Forest Service, airlift operations preserve the elk, deer
and antelope in winter blizzards.

These are but a few of the activities which come to my mind, random
samples within and without my own field of interest. If they have been
of even the mildest interest to you who are the leaders in scientific research,
both amateur and professional, I shall be even more deeply honoured than
I already am by the kind invitation to speak to you. In any event, to the
furthering of our common interests in nature and natural science, I greet
you and wish you well, with friendly “hands across the sea.”

* Since Dr. Hough spoke, two workers from the U.S. Field and Wild Life
Service have seen two adult Whooping Cranes near Great Slave Lake, northern
Canada, according to the ‘‘Sydney Morning Herald,” 6th August, 1952.—Kd.

6

A vote of thanks to the Guest Speaker was moved by Dr. G. Halloran
and carried by acclamation.

There was no formal Presidential Address, but Mr. J. R. Kinghorn made
special mention of the following matters:—

1. The proposed Insect House at Taronga Park.

2. Possible re-formation of a strong Entomological Section in the Royal
Zoological Society.

3. The excellent work of the new Ladies’ Auxiliary.
4. Efforts to have the National Park Cabin rebuilt.

5. Advantages of a biennial or even annual conference of all Sydney
natural history societies.

6. The suggested preparation by ornithologists of a metropolitan Bird
Calendar.

7. A proposed map of marine collecting grounds near Sydney, showing
also accessibility by transport.

8. Abstracts of scientific papers at sectional meetings.

9. Sections to notify Council regularly of any outstanding work being
done; and

10. Recommendation that the President or a Councillor should be
officially present at all meetings.

The Hon. Treasurer, Mr. C. F. Laseron, read his report. ‘The adoption
of this report, subject to audit, was proposed by Mr. P. F. Harvey, seconded
by Mr. A. Stephen, and carried. ‘The President thanked the Honorary
Secretary for her fine work during the year and congratulated the Honorary
Treasurer on the preparation of his report.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1952-1953

President: Mr. J. R. Kinghorn.

Vice-Presidents: Sir Edward Hallstrom, Dr. G. Halloran, Mr. E. H. Zeck and
Mr. A. Halloran.

Honorary Secretary: Mrs. L. Harford.

Honorary Treasurer: Mr. C. F. Laseron.
Honorary Editor: Mr. G. P. Whitley.
Honorary Librarian: CTo be elected.)
Honorary Solicitor: Mr. A. Halloran.

Honorary Auditor: Mr. M. S. Davies.
Assistant Honorary Secretary: Mrs. F. E. Lane.
Assistant Honorary Treasurer: Mr. L. Webber.

Publication Committee: Messrs. E. Zeck and K. McKeown and Executive
Officers.

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10

OBITUARIES

*

FRANK MARSHALL, C.M.G., D.D.S.

The late Dr. Marshall was born in Sydney, September 28th, 1883, and
died there on January 16th, 1952. He was educated at Newington College
and the University of Sydney (L.D.S., 1904; B.D.S., 1906) and the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (D.D.S., 1909). Lecturer in prosthetic
dentistry at the University of Sydney from 1910-15, he was granted leave
to join the A.I.F., in which he served at Gallipoli. He was in charge of
all jaw cases at No. 3 A.G. Hospital at Lemnos, was also in Egypt, and
made a special study of facial restoration at Sidcup Hospital, England. The
London Gazette, 1916-18, noted that he was twice mentioned in despatches
and was honoured by the King by being made a Companion of the Order of
St. Michael and St. George. He resumed his lectureship at Sydney between
the wars and practised in Macquarie Street. Early in 1940 he was appointed
Assistant Director Dental Services with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel, but the
responsibility for the vast amount of organisation and administration involved
caused an irrevocable decline in his health. He had always been interested
in birds and general natural history and kept a large collection of rare birds
in bushland surroundings at his Rose Bay home. He also gathered an excel-
lent library of Australiana and ornithological books over the years. He was
a member of the Council of the Royal Zoological Society almost continuously
from 1935 to 1952, and was President from 1945 to 1948. Councillors will
long remember the friendly atmosphere he imparted to the meetings over

which he presided.
I.F.M.

*

KEITH COLLINGWOOD McKEOWN, F.R.ZS.

It is with deep regret that we record, as we go to press, the sudden
passing of Mr. K. C. McKeown, who died at Sydney on August 21st, 1952,
at the age of 60. An obituary notice will appear in next year’s Proceedings.

1]

REPORTS OF SECTIONS

AVICULTURAL SECTION

In printing this annual report, I am happy to be able to say “we
have helped the other man.”

During the year the section has had numerous inquiries from the
Australian Museum and “Nature Speaks” on the treatment for sick birds,
and in every case we have been able to save the birds.

The attendances have been satisfactory, with an average of 16. There
were 22 at the February meeting, when the Chief Guardian of Fauna,
Mr. F. J. Griffith, spoke on the Fauna and Flora Protection Act.

Owing to the ban on foreign birds entering Australia, members are now
endeavouring to keep and breed many of our local insectivorous and soft-
bill varieties, including the Silvereye, and several members now have them
in their aviaries hoping to be of some assistance to Mr. A. Keast in his
study of the species of Silvereyes.

Throughout the year we have had very instructive and entertaining
evenings, and to the following guest speakers I extend the thanks of the
members for their excellent talks and films:—

1951—
July: “Bird Life and Its Economic Value,” by Mr. J. R. Kinghorn.
August: “The Silvereye,”’ by Mr. A. Keast.
September: “Soft Bills and Their Care,” by Mr. S. Dummett.

October: Films, “Mineral Deficiency,’ “Birds of Prey,” by Mrs. L.
Harford.

November: “Birds in Sickness and in Health,’ by Mr. L. Webber.

1952—

February: The Fauna and Flora Protection Act, by Mr. E. J. Griffith.

March: “Some Mites and Lice Pests of Birds,’ by Mr. E. Zeck.

May: “Some Birds We Should Know Around Sydney,” by Mr. A. R.
McGill.

I extend an invitation to members of the Society who are interested
in aviculture, whether you have one bird or many, to be present at our
meetings; we may be able to help you make the life of your feathered friends
healthier and happier.

Percy F. Harvey,

Hon. Secretary.

12

BUDGERIGAR SECTION

CNo report submitted for publication.)

*
GENERAL SECTION

During the past year the work of this section has carried on with in-
creasing success, attendances having shown a 25 per cent. increase over the
preceding year:

The thanks of the section are extended to those who delivered addresses
during the year.

Of particular interest were two lectures on the subjects of “Spiders” and
“The Preparation of Scientific Papers.” Other lectures were of the usual

high standard.

_ By introducing an increasing number of discussion evenings, led by
professional zoologists, it is felt that a greater degree of co-operation and
understanding can be brought about between the professional and amateur
elements of the Society as a whole.

Due to unforeseen circumstances, two lectures set down in the syllabus
had to be abandoned.

At the July, 1951, meeting the section had much pleasure in associating
itself with the presentation of a Certificate of Fellowship of the Society to
Mr. E. H. Zeck. In making the presentation, the Hon. Secretary of the
Society, Mrs. Harford, expressed the appreciation of the Society for the
fine work done by Mr. Zeck for science and the Society. The outstanding
work done by Mr. Zeck in the field of entomology over the years is such
that it needs no introduction. It is felt that the honour bestowed was most
richly merited.

In conclusion, it should be pointed out that this is the third year of
post-war operation of the section, and that in the coming year, if attendances
continue to increase, the section shows promise of reaching its pre-war
standard of popularity.

J. R. Kincuorn, Chairman.
Peter R. Jounston, Hon. Secretary.

*

MARINE ZOOLOGICAL SECTION

The Marine Zoological Section of the Society, with which is incor-
porated the conchology group, has experienced another successful year with
some valuable field days and instructive lectures.

On behalf of the section I wish to extend my sincere thanks to the
various lecturers and the past Chairman and Secretary for their contributions
of time and knowledge in the interest of our section.

The specimens of molluscs donated for the shell cabinet continue to
roll in, but many more are required to complete various families. Thanks
are extended to Mrs. Woollacott for her care of the cabinet and exhibits.

The outside dredging expedition, under the leadership of Mr. J. Laseron,
was marred by rough seas, but it is hoped that another excursion will be a
feature of the coming year’s activities.

13

Attendances averaged 22—a satisfactory figure in the light of past years
—but I am sure it is capable of being increased with an appropriate widening
of the section’s interests.

The following is a list of outings and lectures for the past year:—
Lectures.

1951—
July to November: (As listed in last year’s Proceedings, page 17.)
1952—
February 5: “The Place of Molluscs in Science,” by C. Laseron.
March 4: “African and American Experiences,’ by J. Hallstrom.
April 1: “Fishes,” by A. Colefax and G. P. Whitley.
May 3: “Fresh Water Shells,” by D. F. McMichael.
Field Days.
September 16: Fairlight. Leader, Mr. J. Laseron.
December 1: Shark Island. Annual Picnic.
February 23: Gunnamatta Bay.
April 27: Off Shore Dredging Excursion. Leader, Mr. J. Laseron.
A. L. Watters,
Hon. Secretary.

*
ORNITHOLOGICAL SECTION

Continued interest among members has been evident during the year,
as shown by enthusiastic field-study and good attendance at meetings. Regular
monthly meetings were held during the year in conjunction with the New
South Wales Branch of the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union. The
maximum attendance at any one meeting was 81, and the average 37.

Details of the twelve months’ programme are as follows:—
1951—
July 19: Film Slides and Commentary, by N. Chaffer.
August 16: “Avifauna of Some Island Groups,” by J. A. Keast.
September 20: Question Night.
October 18: Screening of Colour Films.
November 15: Lake Hattah R.A.O.U. Camp-out Discussion.
December 20: General Discussion on Birds of the Sandstone Areas.
1952—
January 17: “Birds and Man,” by K. A. Hindwood.
February 21: General Discussion on Vocal Mimicry.
March 20: Screening of Colour Films, by N. Chaffer.
April 17: “A Patch of Heath,” by W. R. Moore.
May 15: General Discussion on Birds of the Shale Areas.
June 19: “Rambling with a Colour Camera,” by J. D. Waterhouse.

Thanks are extended to lecturers, participants in general discussions and
those arranging the film evenings.

14

Amongst visitors who were given welcome might be mentioned Mr.
Poochin, Secretary of the Leicestershire Ornithological Society, England;
Professor and Mrs. Hough, from America; Mr. H. Jarman, from South
Australia; and Mr. R. P. Cooper, from Melbourne.

A number of members journeyed to Melbourne in October to participate
in the Jubilee Congress of the R.A.O.U., and many attended the Lake Hattah
Camp-out that followed. A few also joined in the Gould League Camp-out at
Castlereagh in late August. Messrs. Chisholm and Ramsay visited interesting
areas in central-western New South Wales, Mr. Hindwood paid a visit to
Binna Burra in south-eastern Queensland, Messrs. Keast and Mackay were
amongst the personnel of the Australian Museum Field Expedition to north-
west Australia, and further brief trips to interesting ornithological areas were
made by other members.

A Photo Exhibition, arranged as part of the R.A.O.U.’s jubilee celebra-
tions, was on display at Kodak’s Galleries for some weeks during November.
Many members were amongst the good-sized audience that viewed the premiere
screening of the Gould League film of its history and activities.

The section has been active in bird protection. A Conservation Com-
mittee of the R.A.O.U. has been formed, and Messrs. J. Palmer and J. Francis
Were appointed as representatives for New South Wales. A report on the
Mallee Fowl Survey, carried out by the Fauna Protection Panel on the
recommendation of the section, in conjunction with the State Branch of
the R.A.O.U., was compiled early in 1952, and contained interesting data
and figures. A further request has now been made for a similar survey in
relation to the Bustard, or Plain Turkey, and the Brush Turkey. Although
some months of the allotted period had already elapsed, it was disappointing
that the twelve months’ experimental total protection of the Wedge-tailed
Eagle was quickly rescinded when the new Chief Secretary took office.
Objections were made in the Press by Mr. Chisholm, with the support of
members, to the misleading and untrue official report on the bird life of
the Monte Bello Islands, when it was notified that they were to be used for
atomic weapon experiments.

At the Annual Meeting the following officers were elected:—
Chairman: Mr. J. Francis.

Vice-Chairman: Lieut.-Colonel H. B. Burgh.

Secretary: Mr. A. R. McGill.

Assistant Secretary: Mr. J. A. Keast.

Committee (with power to co-opt): Messrs. N. C. Fearnley, K. A.
Hindwood, E. S. Hoskin, J. A. Palmer and R. M. Virtue.

FIELD REPORT FOR 1951-1952

In the vicinity of capital cities of southern and south-western Australia,
the summer and autumn of 1951-1952 was somewhat remarkable for the
unusual number of “new” or rare avian visitors. From Perth, Adelaide and
Melbourne reports have been received of interesting visitations by birds,
sometimes in large numbers. It seems probable that it has been brought
about by the dry conditions inland after the abnormal wet season of the
previous year, when breeding apparently was most successful. Within the
vicinity of Sydney this “irruption” was less noticeable. However, there are
some records that are of more than ordinary interest.

During the period between November, 1951, and April, 1952, the Darter
(Anhinga novaehollandiae) appeared in many places near Sydney. It is
usually considered a rare bird in that area, but almost every swamp, lagoon,
river, and even semi-permanent dams, was frequented by one or more birds
during that time. The Royal Spoonbill (Platalea regia) and White Ibis
(Threskiornis molucca), also, were in slightly larger numbers than usual,

US

and extended right to the coastal salt water swamps, but otherwise amongst
the larger swamp-frequenting species generally, such as ducks and herons,
there was no apparent influx. Amongst the smaller waders, the most inter-
esting observation was that of a pair of Wood Sandpipers (Tringa glareola),
which was seen on various occasions at Wheeney Lagoon during March, and
also once in April (possibly the same two birds) at Pitt Town Bottoms. At
the latter locality a pair of Double-banded Dotterels (Charadrius bicinctus)
was observed. ‘The Wood Sandpiper had not previously been gecorded in
the Sydney district, and the Double-banded Dotterel is rarely seen away from
the shore line and salt water inlets.

Another unusual visitor was the Fork-tailed Kite CMilvus migrans).
One bird was observed at Camden in April. ‘This species, which is common
in the far inland, reached southern Australia this year in good numbers, but
this is the only known recent occurrence near Sydney. The Black-shouldered
Kite (Elanus notatus.) was reported from many localities. It is hard to judge
whether it is quickly increasing in numbers around Sydney or that an unusual
numerical visitation to Sydney took place. Whistling Eagles (CHaliastur
sphenurus) appeared in good numbers and nesting was reported at Mona
Vale. From that locality, also, Musk Lorikeets (Glossopsitta concinna) and
Scaly-breasted Lorikeets (Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus) were recorded, and
a party of six Topknot Pigeons (Lopholaimus antarcticus).

A party of Grey-crowned Babblers (Pomatostomus temporalis) was seen
at Beecroft. A small flock of Whitefaces (Aphelocephala leucopsis) occurred
out of normal habitat at Pymble and late at Avondale. All three species
of crakes, the Spotted (Porzana fluminea), Leaden (CP. tabuensis) and Little
CP. pusilla), were recorded from such favoured habitats as Eastlakes and
Moorfield in the late winter and early spring months. ‘The Greenshank
(Tringa nebularia) occurred at Quibray Bay.

Detailed study of the nesting habits of the Fantail-Warbler CCisticola
exilis) was made by Mr. Chisholm and a number of nests were located
during the season. Amongst some autumn nesting records reported might be
mentioned those of the Banded Finch (Steganopleura bichenovii) and Peace-
ful Dove (Geopelia placida)—both with eggs in April.

One of the most interesting records of the season was the collecting of a
few specimens of the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) in the Newcastle area.
This species was only recently added to the Australian list following the
examination of earlier collected Australian material, wrongly labelled.

Bush fires caused severe damage during the summer and large tracts of
heathland and timbered areas in the vicinity of Sydney were destroyed. Their
effect on bird life must have been considerable. Favoured spots for bird
observation soon became areas of desolation. It will be difficult for some time
to assess the decrease in numbers they must have caused to certain sedentary
species. Country areas also experienced similar devastation, but, as in previous
years, few reports reach us because of few observers.

Arnotp R. McGi11,

Section Hon. Secretary.
*

SYLLABUS OF SECTIONAL MEETINGS
FOR 1952-53

Visitors are welcome and members are invited to bring their friends
to any or all of the Society’s sectional meetings.

Avicultural Section.
Meets on the fourth Tuesday of each month. Lectures, films, etc.

16

Budgerigar Section.
Meets on the third Tuesday of each month.

General Section.
Meets on the second ‘Tuesday of each month.

Marine Zoological Section.
Meets on the first Tuesday of each month. Syllabus:—

1952—
July 1: “Torres Straits Islands,” by Mr. Melbourne Ward.
pa 5: “The Plymouth Laboratories” and “Ascidians,’ by Miss P.

ott.

September 2: Members’ Lecturettes.
October 7: “Ancient Seas of Australia,’ by Mr. C. Laseron.
November 4: “Marine Reptiles,’ by Mr. J. R. Kinghorn.
December 2: Film Night. Mrs. Harford.

1953—
January 6: “Marine Worms,” by Miss B. Dew.
February 10: Specimen Night.
March 10: “Marine Mammals,” by Mr. E. L. Troughton.
April 7: “Marine Plant Life.”
May 5: “The Life Story of the Fish,” by Mr. L. Walters.

June 2: Annual General Meeting.

Conchology Study Group.
Meets at 7.30 p.m. on the second Thursday in each month.
Ornithological Section. N.S.W. Branch, Royal Australasian
Ornithologists’ Union.

Combined meetings are held in the R.Z.S. Rooms, 6th Floor, Bull’s
oe 28 Martin Place, on the third Thursday of each month
at 7.45 p.m.

SYLLABUS FOR 1952-53
1952—
July 17: “Bird Banding in America,” by Professor J. Hough.
August 21: “Bird/Insect Relationships,’ by A. H. Chisholm.
September 18: “Birds of the Inland and North-west,” by J. A. Rens
October 16: General Discussion on Birds of the Rain-Forests.
November 20: Film Evening.

December 18: General Discussion on Bird-Calls, with recordings by
Norman Chaffer.

1953—
January 15: Address and Colour Slides, by Roy P. Cooper.
February 19: “Birds of the Swamps,” by K. A. Hindwood.
March 19: Films by N. Chaffer.
April 16: General Discussion on Birds of the Seashore.
May 21: Address and Colour Slides, by W. R. Moore.
June 18: Annual Meeting. Chairman’s Address.

UZ

x

THE AUSTRALIAN CROCODILES

By Ertc WorRELL

Order Loricata, Family Crocodilidae. Single Genus Crocodilus (Laurenti,
1768). ‘Two species, porosus and johnsoni.

Length rarely exceeding eight feet, snout without ridges—johnsoni.

Length known to exceed twenty-five feet, ridge extending from each
eye to premaxilla—vyorosus.

FEATURES OF ANATOMY.

Crocodilians are distinguished by a number of outstanding anatomical
features, notably the four-chambered heart (the ventricle being entirely
divided in the crocodile, but only partly so with other reptiles). The dorsal
surface is protected by a layer of bony scutes to which the skin is attached,
and on the ventral surface is a series of fine abdominal “ribs,” or parasterna.
The teeth are conical, slightly recurved and developed principally to grip their
prey. Teeth are frequently broken or attacked by decay, but are regularly
replaced by new teeth growing into the bases of the old teeth. ‘Thus when
an old tooth is lost a fairly well-developed new tooth is usually ready to
function. The nasal passage extends well to the back of the throat and
due to an efficient valve at the base of the tongue the crocodile is able to
swallow beneath the surface and still breathe with the tip of the snout above
water.

The tongue is entirely attached to the lower jaw and cannot be pro-
truded, the anal cleft is longitudinal, nostrils and ears are valvular and a
transparent nictitating membrane sheathes the elliptical eyes when the reptile
submerges. Crocodiles can remain submerged for lengthy periods and when
surfacing need only show the eyes, which are almost flush with the top of
the skull and the nostril-mound. The remainder of the body hangs diagonally
in the water.

The fore feet are feebly webbed, five-toed, the outside two clawless.
The hind feet are strongly webbed, four-toed, the outside one clawless. ‘The
tail and hind limbs are used in casual swimming, but swimming at any speed
the powerful tail alone is used, the limbs being stretched along the body.

The copulatory organ is single and sheathed within the body. “Musk”
glands on the chin protrude when the reptile is excited. ‘There is also a
pair of cloacal glands. ‘The precise function of these glands is unknown.

Crocodiles’ stomachs always contatin a quantity of gravel and stones as
a digestive aid. Dissection and X-rays reveal the gravel in juveniles only
a few weeks old.

Although many bush sounds are attributed to crocodiles, including the
hoarse cry of the great heron (Ardea sumatrana), the only sounds they can
utter are a long-drawn hiss, an almost inaudible gurgling sound and a some-
se high -pitched yelp. Adult crocodiles rarely emit sounds other than

issing.

CROCODILUS JOHNSONI. Krefft.
JOHNSTON’S CROCODILE

Also known as Johnston’s river crocodile, freshwater crocodile, fish
crocodile. (The type was collected from the Herbert River, Queensland, by
sub-inspectaor Johnston. The spelling of the specific name was Krefft’s error. )

18

1. Aborigines skinning Crocodilus porosus for professional hunters.

19

DistaisuTion: The inland freshwater billabongs, lagoons and rivers
of far northern Australia. Both species of crocodiles are never found to-
gether in numbers. Where either is in profusion the other is a rarity.
Johnsoni does not descend to the saltwater, although I did once see a four-
feet specimen in the Walker River, Blue Mud Bay.

Description: Snout narrow, without ridges; 19 teeth normally on each
side in the upper jaw, 15 on each side of the lower jaw; a post-occipital
shield of scutes and a nuchal shield. ‘The upper surface is brown, sides
mottled and ventral surface whitish.

Foop: Actually the crocodile will eat anything it is large enough to
swallow, but shows a preference for frogs, giant shrimps, crayfish, insects
and small fish. In some dissected specimens I have found the remains of
water rats, young C. johnsoni, snakes, goannas and spiders.

Repropuction: During August or September the female scoops an
ovoid hollow with her hind feet about six inches by twelve inches by twelve
inches deep in a high, firm sandbank close to the water. She deposits from
twelve to twenty-four white hard-shelled eggs and covers them with sand.
The eggs are slightly elongate and the bigger the clutch the smaller the
eggs. One measuring 223 inches in length could be considered a large one.
The eggs hatch in November and not later than December, before the
annual flood water rises to cover the nesting sites.

The female johnsoni stays near the nest, and there is evidence from
the nests I have kept under observation that she returns periodically to inspect.

The newly-hatched young are about ten inches in length, and emitting
tiny squeaking yelps, they make their way down the sandbank to the female
in the water. They stay with the parent for a short indeterminate period
and spend the first days of their lives feeding on insects in the shallows and
among the pandanus roots.

GENERAL: Crocodilus johnsoni is harmless to man and too shy to
be accidentally encountered. There are several records, however, of serious
wounds resulting from handling wounded specimens. ‘The skins are not
considered suitable for first-grade leather, and in view of the inaccessibility of
their haunts and the small average skins, cannot be considered commercially.
There appears to be no reason why this harmless species cannot be protected.

CROCODILUS POROSUS. Schnieder.
ESTAURINE CROCODILE

Also known as saltwater crocodile, sea-going crocodile, man-eating croco-
dile, ’gator.

Distrisution: Until recently could be seen in great numbers along
the mangrove-fringed mudbanks of the estauries and rivers of the far north.
The largest specimens are found in the freshwater coastal billabongs and
rivers connected with the sea. Also occurs in south-east Asia, Solomons
and Fiji Is.

Description: Snout comparatively broad, a ridge extends from each
eye to the premaxilla; normally 17 teeth on each side of the upper jaw, 15 on
each side of the lower jaw; a shield of nuchal scutes present, but normally
no post-occipital scutes. Upper surface variable from black to mottled brown
and yellow, ventral surface whitish to yellow.

Foon: Principally fish and crabs in the salt water, and fish, crayfish and
water rats in the fresh water. Some dissected specimens yielded birds, turtles, .
smaller crocodiles, snakes and wallabies. Strangely enough, although captive
crocodiles will only eat fresh or live meat, I have frequently seen crocodiles
in their natural state eat the decaying flesh of other crocodiles a fortnight
dead. Crocodiles frequently take up positions in a river beneath the nesting
platforms of cormorants and snake-necked divers, and undoubtedly some of

20

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21

the young of these birds, when first venturing from the nests, fall prey
to crocodiles. ‘There is no evidence to support the story that crocodiles anchor
newly-killed food with a stone to eat when it is putrid. Almost invariably
crocodiles have catfish and stingray spines embedded in their tough palates.

REPRODUCTION: It was previously assumed that all estaurine crocodiles
made their way to the fresh water to breed and returned to the salt water
every dry season. Actually they will breed anywhere the banks are suitable
along the salt water rivers, usually away from the mouth. ‘Those breeding
in the fresh-water billabongs are the “permanent residents.” ‘This is not to
say that crocodiles do not wander from the salt water to the fresh water and
vice versa, but that they are not in search of nesting sites. In any case, the
wanderers are usually males.

Throughout the wet season to early in the dry season, between October
and May the female deposits from forty to eighty or more white, hard-
shelled eggs measuring up to 3+ inches in length on a hard bank well pro-
tected by river scrub. ‘The eggs incubate in a nest mound of leaf mould
roughly six feet across by eighteen inches deep. The female regularly repairs
damage to the nest inflicted by scratching rails, jungle fowl and wild pigs. .
The eggs normally hatch three months later, but under cooler conditions I
have been able to extend the period to five months.

When the egg is about to hatch the young crocodile can be heard
yelping inside. Movement bulges the inner membrane and causes part of
the shell to flake off. The membrane is then ripped with a tiny two-
pronged egg-tooth on the tip of the snout and the crocodile struggles from
the shell still attached by the yolk sac, which it later scratches free with its
hind feet. CThe egg-tooth is lost several days later.)

The newly-hatched young then join their mother in the water, and
it appears that they remain with her for only two or three days before dis-
persing. Growth rate is about a foot each year for the first five years and
gradually less as the crocodile matures.

Dancerous To Man: In Australia cases of humans taken by crocodiles
are rare. However, there is no doubt that a large crocodile will attack a
human if given the opportunity. Natives are the principal victims, but
every native I have interviewed who exhibited scars from crocodiles told
the same story; the crocodile, wounded in the course of a hunt, fastened
on the native’s limb, held on for a while, then let go. Natives have a
fatalistic approach to crocodiles, and although they do not unnecessarily leave
themselves open to attack, they do not hesitate in groups to swim a river
if it will shorten a journey. On the other hand, I once saw two natives
camped for a week on a sandbank on which two crocodiles sunbaked every
afternoon only fifty yards away.

Crocodiles do account for a certain amount of stock, and it is no rarity
to see horses and cattle with scars from an encounter. Bushmen in the
north believe the scars are caused by the crocodile’s claws, but the wounds
aer from the long raking teeth. ‘The claws of a crocodile are not suitable
as weapons, but are used only to assist the crocodile to climb steep banks,
having the same effect as spiked shoes.

CommerciaL Aspect: Crocodile hunting in the Northern Territoy
over the past five years has seriously depleted the crocodile population. Along
the Wildman River, Northern Territory, where in 1945 I saw hundreds, it
is now considered rare to see two or three in the course of a day. The skin
of the estaurine crocodile is used in the manufacture of high quality fancy
leather goods. White men in boats, with native assistants, shoot the croco-
diles on the banks during the day, or approach them with a powerful
spotlight at night, when they are harpooned by native spearmen. The
crocodiles are then finished off with a bullet, rolled into the boat and hunting
continued until dawn.

22

The crocodiles are skinned, taking all but the bony dorsal strip, and
the skins fleshed, salted and stacked, then dried and folded two days later.
These are then offered to hide agents at the ruling price per inch across

the belly.

The aboriginal has now entered this commercial field on his own
_ account, spearing the crocodiles and selling the skins through the church
missions.

White men now consider crocodile hunting does not warrant the
overhead.

GENERAL: Crocodiles are extremely shy, and although they will approach
to within feet of a perfectly still observer, they immediately retreat at the
slightest movement. When a surfacing crocodile dives it draws it head
back diagonally with the minimum water disturbance. Disturbed on a bank,
the reptile may reach the water by three methods of progression: If there
appears to be no immediate danger the water is reached with a slow
waddling gait, but when alarmed on a hard bank some distance from the
river the body and tail are raised from the ground and with an amazing
turn of speed the crocodile races for the water. Where the banks are soft
mangrove mud, the mud is used as a slide.

Small crocodiles are occasionally seen stretched on limbs overhanging a
river. ‘This does not mean that crocodiles can climb trees. In parts of the
north the tide may rise and fall twenty feet or more, with the result that
small crocodiles resting on submerged limbs at high tide may be left dry
when the tide drops.

Crocodile eggs and crocodile flesh is a staple diet with the aborigines.

Melville Island natives say the scutes are beautification scars, while
other tribes say they are caused by mythological battles.

The Australian Crocodile Shooters’ Club, a game shooting organisation,
is now considering limiting the sizes of crocodiles shot in order to conserve
the rapidly dwindling species.

FIGURES OF SOME AUSTRALIAN FISH TYPES

By Gitspert P. WHITLEY, F.R.Z.S.
CContribution from The Australian Museum)
(Figures 1-8)
Practically all of the species dealt with in this paper have not been
illustrated before, so figures have been prepared from typical specimens.

Family CARANGIDAE
DECAPTERUS LEPTOSOMUS Osgilby

(Figure 1)

Decapierus leptosomus Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. Wales, xxii, 4, 1898,
p. 760. Port Jackson, N.S. Wales. Cotypes in Australian Museum.

23

SPP a

Figure 1.—Scad, Decapterus leptosomus. Lectotype, Australian Museum.

Here figured from the lectotype of the species, the larger of two cotypes,
a specimen 152mm. in length to caudal fork. Austr. Mus., reed. no.

1.4362. It has D.viii/i, 34; A.ii/i, 27; P.23; L.Lat. circa 83 scales and 27
scutes.

Family LUTJANIDAE
LUTJANUS CASTELNAUI Whitley
(Figure 2)

Lutjanus castelnaui Whitley, Rec. Austr. Mus., xvi, 1928, p. 215. New
name for Genyoroge unicolor Alleyne & Macleay, 1877, anticipated by

Neomesoprion unicolor Castelnau, 1875, another species of Lutjanus.

Here illustrated from the lectotype of the species, a specimen 210mm.
in standard length, from the Percy Islands, Queensland. It was kindly

lent by the Curator of the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney, for this
purpose.

TP,
‘end.

ig EPP

COCs
ACCC
LEE:
tO
(

= eg

= CG

0 é 66% (1 Sot) (OG
Shel Oe me Hang

SRA SS x Z 4
GPW.
——__ 4
UY
YJ /

Figure 2.—Hussar, Lutjanus castelnaui. Lectotype of Genyoroge unicolor,
Macleay Museum. Inset, vomerine teeth.

24-

LUTJANUS LONGMANI Whitley

(Figure 3)

Lutjanus longmani Whitley, Rec. Austr. Mus., xx, 1937, p. 12. Off Lindeman
Island, Queensland.

Figure 3.—Hussar, Lutjanus longmani. Head of holotype, Austr. Mus.

Figured here from the holotype in the Australian Museum; regd. no.
TA.6584.

Family GOBITDAE
INNOCULUS, gen. nov.

Orthotype, Gobius nigroocellatus Gunther, as identified here. D.vi/11; A.10;
Sc! 26"to 28> Tr.''8:

Head bluntly rounded, longer than broad, and broader than deep.
Eyes fairly large, without cirrhus above. Interorbital narrow.

Head with loose (especially around lower jaws) skin, crossed by some
rows of minute sensory papillae. Chin without barbels. Cheeks and opercles
naked. Nape and top of head scaly, without crests. Mouth extending to
below middle of eye. ‘Teeth villiform, in bands on jaws, some outer ones
enlarged (but not canine), hook-like, erect, movable. None on lips, vomer
or palatines. ‘Tongue broadly convex, not notched, not adnate. Jaws sub-
equal or upper slightly overhanging lower. Nostrils subcircular, before
eyes. No occipital crest.

Few slender, weak gill-rakers. No pit above the opercle. Preopercle
unarmed. Géill-openings little wider than depth of pectoral base; isthmus
fairly broad.

Form rather elongate, compressed. Body opaque with large ctenoid
scales which extend over breast, pectoral base and top of head. Exposed
edge of shoulder-girdle without fleshy lobes.

Dorsal fins separate: sixth dorsal spine rather remote from others; middle
spines longest. No produced spines or rays. Soft dorsal and anal fins, free
from caudal, the latter rounded.

Ventrals united, not adnate to belly, fifth rays longest.

Infundibulum moderate. Upper pectoral rays free, silk-like; the fin
rather pointed and about as long as head.

25

Figure 4.—Goby, Innoculus nigroocellatus. Pleisotype, Austr. Mus.

Colour dark brown with blackish spots on body. Length to about
34 inches.

Allied to the genus Gobius of authors in the broadest sense, but differs
from Gobius (niger) Linne, in the strict sense, in being smaller, in having
much longer body, yet fewer dorsal and anal rays, and larger scales with
longer, more converging radii and granular rather than striated field.

European and Australian specimens of the two genotypes compared.

The word innoculus has no meaning (see Savory, Browsing Among
Words of Science, 1951, the last word in his book). ‘Then let it at least
mean this harmless, innocent little goby, black-spotted though it be.

INNOCULUS NIGROOCELLATUS (Gunther)
(Figure 4)

Gobius nigroocellatus Gunther, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, i, 2, 1873, p. 101.
Bowen, Queensland. ‘Type in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Seen
in 1937. Id. Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. Wales, v, 1881, p. 603,
and Cat. Austr. Fish., i, 1881, p. 238 (English trans. of original German
description). Id. McCulloch and Ogilby, Rec. Austr. Mus., xii, 1919,
p. 230. Id. McCulloch and Whitley, Mem. Qld. Mus., viii, 1925,
ioe gals

Here figured from one of several specimens collected by Rev. W. S.
Chaseling in 1939 from the Melville Bay and Cape Arnhem areas (Austr.
Mus., regd. no. IB.422)). New record for the Northern Territory of Australia.
Hitherto known only from Gunther's type from Bowen, Queensland.

Genus NESOGOBIUS Whitley, 1929

Nesogobius Whitley, Proc. Roy. Soc. Tas., 1928 (1929), p. 62. Orthotype,
Gobius hinsbyi McCulloch and Ogilby. Id. Scott, ibid, 1934 (1935),
pp: 4/7 and 60; et sbid, 1938) (11939) p. 157.

NESOGOBIUS PULCHELLUS (Castelnau)
(Figure 5)
Gobius pulchellus Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc., Vict., i, 1872, p. 125.

Westernport, Victoria. And of later Australian lists. Jd. Koumans,
Zool. Med., xxii, 1940, p. 162, but not the species on p. 171.

General characters as described for the genotype, hinsbyi, by McCulloch
and Ogilby (Rec. Austr. Mus., xii, 1919, p. 215, pl. 33, fig. 1), but scales

26

fewer, lacking on head, form less slender, spinous dorsal elevated and dark
anteriorly, body not barred, and differing in various other details as described
below.

En ee avant LOA 2088-0 Pey 17>) Voi.) 5G. 12) branched rays.

About 25 rows of scales between operculum or axil and hypural joint,
and 7 between anterior dorsal and anal rays. Tr. 7 or 8. Predorsal 0.
Head (13mm.) 3, depth (8) 5 in standard lenth (40).

Eye (4) 3.2, snout (3) and depth of caudal peduncle (3) 4.3 in head.
Breadth (7) 1.1 in depth.

Head subconic, naked. Rows of papillae around chin and preoperculum,
along interorbital, on sides of head and in scattered groups (resembling
microscopic chimneys) on the naked vertex and nape to near spinous dorsal
fin. Eyes very close together. Snout convex. Nostrils not far from eye,
the anterior in a short, flap-like tube, the posterior a slightly raised opening.
Mouth slightly oblique, mandible projecting a trifle, maxilla reaching below
front of orbit. Bands of fine, subequal, backwardly directed teeth in jaws.
Tongue truncate, free. Gill-openings extending well forward below, separated
by narrow isthmus.

Body robust, subcylindrical in front, compressed behind. Scales large,
deciduous, ctenoid with radii converging posteriorly. ‘hey extend over the
breast, but not on nape, and not always on pectoral bases.

Caudal peduncle slightly more than twice as long as deep. Genital

papilla large, probably finger-like in male and broad and leaf-shaped in
females.

First dorsal origin slightly behind level of pectoral and ventral origins,
the fin is elevated, reaching second dorsal when adpressed, seven-spined, with
the fourth longest. Second dorsal and anal fins with the rays more or less
than the depth of the body between them. Pectorals rounded reaching about
7th body-scale or to below notch between dorsal fins. Ventrals larger than

pectoral, with broad infundibulum, and reaching genital papilla. Caudal
rounded.

+
bb INCH GPW.

“RS

Figure 5.—Goby, Nesogobius ypulchellus. Two Port Jackson specimens,
Austr. Mus.

Colour, in alcohol, pale brown, finely punctulated with dark brown,
punctae larger on snout and sides of head. About seven brown blotches
along middle of side, with (behind the last) one above and one below on
the scales before the caudal fin. First dorsal fin dark brown (perhaps
blackish in life) anteriorly, becoming spotted and then white posteriorly.
Soft dorsal yellowish with three or four irregular rows of rosettes of reddish-

27

brown dots and with a brown margin. Anal plain with narrow brown
margin. Pectorals and ventrals yellowish, infuscated with brown. Caudal
yellowish, plain. No vertical bars as in hinsbyi.

Described and figured from a specimen 40mm. in standard length or
2 inches overall, in comparison with smaller specimens.

Localities: Rose Bay, Port Jackson, New South Wales (described ex-
ample, Austr. Mus., regd. no. 1.9736); collected in 1908 by Messrs. Dene
B. Fry and C. Ross. New record for New South Wales.

Port Jackson, 10th July, 1886; old collection (1.6750), four specimens;
and another numbered 1.9010.

Westernport, Victoria; six specimens collected by J. Gabriel in 1906 and
in May, 1915 CNos. I.7616 and IA.1319).

Genus MARS Jordan and Seale, 1906

Mars Jordan and Seale, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., xxv, 1905 (1906), pp. 382,
399 and 408. Orthotype, M. strigilliceys Jordan and Seale.

Id. Fowler, Mem. Bishop Mus., x, 1928, p. 414 (Cas subgenus of
Cryptocentrus ). 5

Id. Koumans ,Prelim. Rev. Gen. Gobioid Fishes, 1931, pp. 36 and 98.
Id. Herre, Copeia, 1933, i, 1933, p. 22.

Id. Herre, Fish Herre Exped., 1934, pp. 84 and 87.

Id) Ferre, Journ:,,Pan-Pacit., Ress Inst x. 2.0l935))p. 166,

Id. Herre, Philip Journ. Sci., lix, 1936, p. 363.

Id. Herre, Proc. Biol. Soc., Washington, lviii, 1945, pp. 12 and 79.

MARS STRIGILLICEPS Jordan and Seale

One specimen from Murray Island, Queensland (Austr. Mus., regd. no.
1.11829), agrees in detail with Jordan and Seale’s description (Bull. U.S.
Bur. Fisher., xxv, 1905 (1906), p. 408, fig. 95), only differing in having
no elevated spine in first dorsal fin, and no perceptible palatine teeth.
This species is new to the Australian list.

Cryptocentrus octofasciatus Regan (Trans. Linn. Soc., London (2), xii,
1908, p. 241, pl. 29, fig. 2), from Chagos Archipelago and more especially
as figured from Hiroshima by Tomiyama (Jap. Journ. Zool., vii, 1936, p. 80,
fig. 30) looks very like my example, but has smaller scales and these extend
over breast and belly and some at least are cycloid, whilst the suboperculum
is said to be produced into a spine.

Genus STIGMATOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1874

Stigmatogobius Bleeker, Arch. Neerl. Sci. Nat., ix, 1874, pp. 298 and 323.
Orthotype, Gobius pleurostigma Bleeker.

Id. Bleeker, Versl. Akad. Amsterd. (2), xii, 1878, pp. 199-208 (fide
Weber and Beaufort, Fish. Indo-Austr. Archip., i, 1911, p. 376).

Id. Weber, Siboga Exped., lvii, 1931, Fische, p. 475.

I have not seen Bleeker’s “Description des especes insulindiennes du genre
Stigmatogobius” (loc. cit, 1878), so follow Koumans in placing Gobius
johnstoniensis De Vis, MS. in the genus Stigmatogobius.

28

STIGMATOGOBIUS JOHNSTONIENSIS CKoumans)
(Figure 6)

Gobius johnstoniensis Koumans, Zool. Med., xxii, 1940, p. 166. Ex De Vis,
MS. Johnston R., Queensland.

SSS

Figure 6.—Goby, Stigmatogobius johnstoniensis. Lectotype, Austr. Mus.

Here figured from the lectotype, being the largest of four cotypes in the
Australian Museum, from the Johnstone River at “Geraldton,” now Innisfail,
north Queensland, Austr. Mus., regd. no. 1.447.

Allied to Vaimosa balteata Herre (Field Mus. Publ., 335, Zool., xviii,
12, 1935, p. 419, and xxi, 1936, p. 359, fig. 21) from Waigiu.

Family ALEUTERIDAE
OSBECKIA SCRIPTA (Forster)
(Figure 7)

Balistes scriptus Forster, Voy. China COsbeck), ii, 1771, Faunula Sinensis,
p- 331. Based on Osbeck, 1765, a non-binomial translation of a pre-
Linnean work. China and Bahamas.

Balistes laevis Bloch, 1795; B. liturosus Shaw, 1804; B. ornatus Proce, 1822;
Aluteres personatus and pareva Lesson, 1830; and Aluterus venosus

Hollard, 1854.

Figure 7.—Leatherjacket, Osbeckia scripta. Pleisotype of Monacanthus
macrurus — maculicauda, Macleay Museum.

GPW

29

Monacanthus macrurus Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S. Wales, vi, 1881,
p. 330. Port Jackson, N.S. Wales. Name preocc. by Bleeker, 1856,

now a Pseudomonacanthus.

Monacanthus maculicauda Ogilby, Cat. Fish. N.S. Wales, 1886, p. 64. New

name for M. macrurus Macleay, preocc.

The Curator of the Macleay Museum kindly lent me a type of M.
macrurus Macleay (non Bleeker) — maculicauda Ogilby for figuring here.
The colour-markings have disappeared, but it proves to be a small Osbeckia
scripta.

The West Indian congener should evidently be called O. picturata
(Poey), because Poey (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., xv, 1863, p. 183)
restricted Bloch’s laevis to the East Indian species, now scripta.

Family SOLENICHTHYIDAE, nov.
Genus SOLENICHTHYS Bleeker, 1865

Solenostomus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 1803, p. 360. Haplotype,
Fistularia paradoxa Pallas, Spicil. Zool., viii, 1770, p. 32, pl. iv, fig. 6,
from Amboina. Preocc. by Solenostomus Meuschen, Index Zoophy.
Gronow, 1781, ex Gronow, p. 119, no. 365, non-binomial, another genus
of fishes equal to Fistularia. Spelt Solenostoma by some authors, but
preoce. by Dumeril, 1805, equals Fistularia.

Solenichthys Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., ii, 1865, p. 183. New name
for Solenostomus Lac., preocc. Later emended to Solenostomichthys
and Solenostomatichthys by Bleeker in 1873 and 1875 respectively.

There are nine nominal species: Solenichthys armatus (Weber, 1913),
S. bleekeri (Dumeril, 1870), S. brachyurus (Bleeker, 1855), S. cyanopterus
(Bleeker, 1855), S. laciniatus (Willey, 1909), S. leptosomus (Tanaka, 1908),
S. paegnius (Jordan and Thompson, 1914), S. paradoxus (Pallas, 1770),
and S. phantasticus (Herre, 1933). The new family name proposed above
replaces Solenostomidae of authors, preoccupied.

SOLENICHTHYS LEPTOSOMUS (Tanaka)
(Figure 8)

Solenostomus leptosoma ‘Tanaka, Annot. Zool. Jap., vi, 4, 1908, p. 29, fig.
Sagami Sea, Japan. Id. Jordan and Thompson, Mem. Carneg. Mus., vi,
shy MSS os, ekoy

Ae agad Bru
: NVNANS AGE oceans,
Seta:

3 Sy,
DALAT

Figure 8.—Ghost Pipefish, Solenichthys leptosomus. A specimen from New
South Wales.

30

Weber and Beaufort place this species in the synonymy of paradoxus,
of which it is probably the male. A specimen agreeing well with Tanaka’s
description and figure was trawled off Newcastle, New South Wales, a new
record for Australia.

Dy 19: alo meee 1@alo:, leads(@/mm,.) 2.2, heisht of
body (11) 5.5, of caud. ped. (2) 30 in total length without caudal (61).
Eye (3) 9, interorbital (2.3) 1.2, snout (18) 1.5 in head. Depth of snout
(2) 9 in its lenth. Has more pectoral and anal fin-rays and slightly different
proportions from Tanaka’s type. Height of body before anal greater than
eye. Length of caud. ped. (4mm.) shorter than base of second dorsal (6).
Maxillary (3.5) exceeds interorbital. No median ridge on belly behind anal
fin. First dorsal fin just reaching second when adpressed, 13.5mm. in height;
second dorsal little higher than eye-diameter. Ventrals (12mm.) free of
body. Caudal (21) shorter than distance from eye to anal origin. ‘Total
length, 82mm. or 32 ins.

Colour pale yellow. Eyes and ends of ventral fins brick red. Black
blotches between first and second and second and third dorsal spines. One
or two curved rows of dark grey blotches along caudal fin. A blue mark
inside belly behind viscera.

*
A WANDERER IN WAX

By Tartton RAYMENT, F.R.z.S.
(Honorary Hymenopterist, National Museum, Melbourne )

A naturalist’s life is full of surprises. That is one of its compensations.
“Do you know of a curious sort of wasp that breeds in wet wax-cappings?”
That is the question posed by an observant correspondent, a commercial
bee-farmer, Robert E. Martin, of Denman, in the fertile valley of the Hunter
River in New South Wales.

The apiarist’s technical term, “wet wax-cappings,’ may appear somewhat
strange to you, so bear with me a moment while I| clear the ground a trifle
before we jump into the actual story of the insect itself.

6

’

The apiarist first cuts off the thin wax “cap,” or sealing, of “ripe” honey-
comb with a heavy, but sharp and hot decapping knife, before he places
the combs in a mechanical honey-extractor. Generally, these cappings are
rendered down into beeswax as fast as they are shaved from the combs, but
there are times when the cappings are stored in tanks, awaiting a less busy
period. Since a small amount of honey is usually sliced off with the wax,
such cappings are known as “wet,” but when they have been thoroughly
drained off, or even pressed, they are then referred to as “dry” cappings.

The bee-farmer hastens to explain that a small amount of rain had
splashed into the tank through a faulty cover, so that the cappings contained
more moisture than is normally the case. Of course, honey being hygroscopic,
absorbs moisture from the air, and so becomes thinner, and this is an inter-
esting point, because certain diptera in the Family Syrphidae, drone-flies,
are known to breed in damp places.

Well, in due course, the postman delivers to me a small tin containing
a mass of wet cappings, among which I discern several wriggling larvae,
drab-white in colour. ‘They arrive on a day when I am hard-pressed with
work, and for the moment, I can do no more than note the presence of the
squirming “grubs” before I have to put the package aside. You see, I am
so accustomated to receiving the disgusting larvae of the ubiquitous wax-
moth, Galleria mellonella, in honey-capping, that I give the creatures no
more than a casual glance, and close the tin again. I resume my interrupted
studies.

3]

When the press of work eases, I reopen the tin to make a closer examina-
tion, and lift a larva from its sticky bed. Yes, the size.is right, so is the
colour, for moth babies—but no, the movements of the creatures are different.
Under the microscope, the “head” and the “tail” are strange, different from
any other insect babies in my collection. I recall the apiarist’s words: “A
curious sort of wasp.” :

Well, well! I am too familiar with grubs of the Hymenoptera to mistake
them for anything else, but no matter, I will soon establish the identity
of the strangers, for I shall rear them to maturity. Plainly, these babies belong
to neither wasps nor bees. I admit I am somewhat surprised that any insect
is able to breed successfully in “wet” cappings, because while there is an
abundance of carbohydrates—honey to provide fuel for energy—there is little, -
if any, nitrogenous-protein for forming the “bricks” of the body.

The wax-moth succeeds because, in its wanderings over the combs, the
larva is somehow able to obtain sufficient pollen—debris, protein—to build
the cells of the body. I conclude, then, that the strange larvae are also
successful in obtaining an adequate supply of nitrogenous protein, for no
insect could grow on a diet of pure beeswax. Frankly, I find so little
pollen among the cappings that I am sceptical of its adequacy. Let us keep
an open mind on this matter, and continue our observations on the larvae.

On my reopening the tin container, the larvae wriggle vigorously to
seek cover; obviously, they do not enjoy being exposed—but neither do the
babies of the wax-moth. However, I select a large well-grown one, and put
it under the microscope. ‘The date is 5th October, 1951. It is a drab-white
“grub,” say, 10-11 mm. in length, with a diameter of 4.5 mm. I had already
noted six pairs of hair-like “feet,” but under magnification, I can see that
what I had taken to be hairs, prove to be groups of strong brown hooklets,
twenty-four of which, disposed in two rows, may be large and strong, with
several additional much smaller ones.

A cherry-red tubercle distinguishes the head end, where there are two
small lateral ‘arms’ not altogether unlike those of the reed-bees, Exoneura.
There are several groups of the small hooklets disposed about the anal
segments. The grubs began to shrink a little on the following day, and
it was evidence that they were preparing to pupate.

Twenty-two days later, on the 27th October, one larva had encased
itself in a smooth skin covering, the puparium, of a burnt sienna-colour, and
which showed faint traces of the developing form within. Of course, I now
no longer expect to rear either a moth or a wasp.

The cradles of baby flies are not true cocoons, such as one finds in
the wasps, and which are spun separately of silken materials by. the larva
itself. ‘The barrel-shaped puparium of flies reveals the faintest outline of
the creature within, and this is due to the fact that the dry brown case was
originally the outer skin of the larva.

On the 10th November, I deemed it advisable to open the case to
investigate the contents. ‘The pupa is stout and broad, drab-white in colour,
10 mm. in length, and 5 mm. in diameter. The thorax is somewhat browner,
and the large eyes are pinkish-red in colour; there are two black triangles
on the frons, and immediately below them, two club-shaped black marks.
We do not have to guess just wkat these represent—they will surely be the
antennae.

The second segment of the abdomen is light-brownish in colour, and
there are, of course, the “pads” of the embryonic wings. At the end of the
fifth tarsal segment of each leg is a strong curved hooklet. Oh, I almost
overlooked the developing glossa. "The whole pupa is enveloped in a wet
film-like milky membrane.

32

TARLTON Raymen

-|

CC

For Explanation of Plate, see page 35.

KEG

yf
We ae
Ny

25

)

y)

2)

On the 22nd November, the end of another case was thrust open,
with the lid hinged like a coffee-pot. A moist black and reddish insect
emerges to the light of day, and begins to groom itself in a leisurely manner,
during which the crinkled wings are extended out straight.

Now, I am indeed surprised, and I can perceive at once just how
my correspondent was misled, for the insects have only two large deeply-
fuliginous or smoky wings. A novice could easily mistake them for wasps,
and since these insects are not so well known, permit me to sketch a portrait
in some detail.

Say, 12 mm. in length, and 5 mm. across the “shoulders”; the head
and the thorax are opaque or dull-black, so is the larger portion of the
abdomen, which is banded with reddish-orange colour as though imitating a

ume mud wasp; the “face,” too, is of a somewhat similar pale-yellow
colour.

The antennae are certainly peculiar, for they are not articulated with
the frons, but rise from a solid horn-like base, and terminate in a pointed
club-like segment. On each side of the “waist” are two tiny pale “balancers.”

They are not quite like the typical form, being somewhat smaller and
blacker, and they lack a yellow line continuing round over the top of the
head-capsule, and the apical segments of the abdomen are blacker. The
Denman insects may be more than a variety, but their true relationships must
be left until more evidence is to hand.

The insects are not altogether unlike the well-known hover-flies, in the
Family Syrphidae, the larvae of which are known to be insectivorous, feeding
or aphids, and thus are beneficial species. ‘Their rat-tailed larvae are well
known, and are always developed in moist situations. In a sub-family there
is a subgenus of wasp-like flies, which closely resemble Eumenid mud wasps,
and these wasp-flies have the vena spuria in the wings, and lack the frontal
lunule of the face. My friend, Keith McKeown, of the Australian Museum,
Sydney, tells me that the wasplike flies are Tenthredomyia
(Pterygophoromyia) ornata (Saunders).* A really terrible name, but a later
one appears to be Cerioides variabilis Ferg.

The “books” assure us that other species in the family are commensal
in the nests of bees and wasps. ‘That is not entirely satisfactory, for the
apiarist was confident that our flies had bred in the moist cappings, and they
most certainly pupated there, and no Hymenopteron was present to serve
as the host. Moreover, the cappings had been stored in closed tanks for
several weeks, so that there was little chance of the flies being parasites on
the honey-bee. Several of the larvae were very young, and I have no doubt
that the eggs had been deposited in the wax.

The resemblance to the mud-wasps is certainly remarkable, but is there
anything to be gained by such arresting camouflage? Is the likeness merely acci-
dental? ‘The camouflage could possible bestow certain advantages, such as
immunity from attack by insectivorous birds. Should a bird capture a mud-
wasp, and then find it unpalatable, then a fly of similar size and colours would
probably escape attention. Cinnabar red is regarded by many naturalists as
a “warning colour,” consequently, although the fly may be quite flavoursome,
yet it escapes because it exhibits the “keep clear” sign. “But is that true?”
you may well ask. I confess I do not know, and I can give only the opinions
of other observers. Careful counts of insects consumed, in certain feeding
experiments, proved conclusively that birds reject the prey showing “warning
colours.”

* Originally Ceria ornata Saunders, Trans. Ent. Soc., London, iv, 1, April 7,
1845, p. 64, pl. iv, fig. 3. North-west coast of New Holland.

34

. The brown puparium with the “cap’

ExPLANATION OF PLATE

. Adult wasp-fly Tenthredomyia (Pterygophoromyia) ornata (Saunders).
. Oblique view of the front of the head-capsule.

. Coxa and trochanter of anterior leg.

. Ventral view of the pupa.

. Portion of the glossa showing suctorial tubes.

. Graphic section of one of the tubes.

. The club-shaped antennae.

,

still attached.

. One of the pupal hooklets of the tarsal segments.
. Portion of the under surface of the glossa.

. Four tarsal segments of the “foot.”

. Larva of the fly.

. Oblique view of the genitalia of the male. (Allowance must be made

for distortion due to pressure from the cover-glass. )

. Comb of the apical tarsal segment highly magnified.
. The group of hooklets of the larval pseudopodia.
. Sternal plates of abdomen.

. Some of the sensory peg-hairs of the femora.

35

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“THE MARINE ZOOLOGIST”

INTRODUCTION

This is the first issue of the “Marine Zoologist,’ a dream which has come
true at last for us, for we have desired a paper of our own for many years.
We must thank the Council of the Royal Zoological Society for the realisation
of this project and for their keen interest in our venture.

The “Marine Zoologist” is incorporated with the “Proceedings of the
Royal Zoological Society.” ‘The reprints of this part will then be bound under
our own cover and become our own magazine. We hope that the infant
will become in time so lusty that it may walk alone. In these first hesitant
steps we present to you some of the results of our field collecting and study.
Most of us are interested in the various forms of conchology and malacology.

The sub-editors have asked Mrs. Woolacott, one of our senior members,
to write an introductory article entitled “Outlines,” which defines the fields
of study which we hope to follow in future issues of this magazine.

We must thank Miss Joyce Allan, Conchologist of the Australian
Museum, Mr. T. Iredale, and Mr. Bernard Cotton for their support and
for the articles they have so kindly promised to contribute to our magazine.

(Signed) Miss G. THorntey,
Mr. D. McAtrine,
Sub-Editors.

*

OUTLINES

By Mrs. L. WoottacottT

It is the aim and purpose of members of the marine group of the Royal
Zoological Society of New South Wales to collect marine specimens, living
and dead, to study them in every manner possible, using available literature
as well as observations in the field; and to publish their findings and con-
clusions in this small journal once a year.

Naturally, we hope to expand considerably as the years go by, and,
in due course, to produce a small magazine that will be of great benefit to
later students in our chosen field, especially in view of the fact that material
readily available to-day may be difficult or even impossible to obtain a few
years from now.

Members of the Marine Section of the Royal Zoological Society are asked
to contribute towards the cost of production of this journal and to pay a
reasonable amount for each copy, in order that we may have blocks made
and to raise funds for future publications.

37

We wish to acknowledge the fine gesture made by the Royal Zoological
Society in permitting us to include our notes and records in the Annual
Proceedings of the Society. Without this assistance and encouragement it
would not have been possible to make a beginning for a long time to come,
and certainly not under such favourable circumstances.

Up to date, most of the work done has been in the molluscan fauna,
as the bulk of the members are shell collectors, but, as time goes on, we
hope to acquire students in other branches of marine work and so round
out our studies to give a more comprehensive picture of the marine life of
New South Wales. ‘The main reason for selecting New South Wales as
our field of operations is obvious, as we are all members of that State, but
a greater and more significant factor is that Australia as a whole presents
such a vast and bewildering number of marine species that it is quite beyond
the ability of a small group, such as this, to do justice to in a lifetime;
nevertheless, occasional excursions into other States will be made, from time
to time, for studies of particular interest.

The Australian marine fauna has suffered the fate of much erroneous
nomenclature, owing, in part, to the fact that the early naturalists visiting
our shores gave European names to the material collected. ‘These names are
in constant process of alteration, and much painstaking and exhaustive study
of literature is necessary to unravel the names of some of the commonest of
our sea shells and other marine fauna. ‘This study is termed taxonomy.

Taking a section of the animal kingdom, such as the marine molluscan
fauna of any given country, or part thereof, and listing the names in the
approved scientific method, with the species name being followed by the name
of the authority for such species, is termed systematics, and is a very necessary
foundation for any subsequent study of that particular fauna. It has been said
that systematics is the lowest form of science, but granting that there may
be a modicum of truth in this assertion, it is still the Sound Rock on which
all the rest is built.

Having sound and authoritative lists of the marine creatures to be found
in a given area, a student may branch out from that point and take up any
one of several interesting aspects of marine life such as Mollusca (shells).
He, or she, may work hard to collect every species mentioned on the list, or
find the greatest joy in adding entirely new species to that list. Then, again,
there is the study of the living animal and all its soft parts; how it breathes,
eats, moves and mates, and the shape and structure of all the organs. This
study of the living animal is termed melecology, and, by a sound knowledge
of the difference in the animals, many otherwise difficult problems may be
solved and a new species established or an old one discarded.

Next we have investigation into the habits of the creature, its seasonal
migration, the area in which it prefers to live, what particular association
of other marine flora or fauna is necessary to its well-being, the degree of
salinity, the amount of muddy silt which it can tolerate Cor even prefer), the
food on which it lives, the temperature which it can endure, the mating
habits and seasons, and the type and form in which the eggs are laid. All
these factors, and many more as well, constitute one of the most fascinating
of all the studies, ecology. All collectors know that certain marine species
are found only within a very narrow, restricted belt between high and low
watermarks, sometimes a matter of a mere band of a few inches, and that it
would be futile to look for such species either above or below these special
living quarters. Other species have a limited coastal range, being found only on
a strip 200 or so miles in extent; and yet there are other species which have
a most remarkable range, living in New South Wales and extending through
Queensland to Darwin, showing an adaptability of the most amazing kind.
Many marine creatures live in deep water only, show a very close afhnity
with other deep-water species many hundreds of miles apart. If all the
knowledge obtained by various collectors could be competently tabulated, it
would not be long before a very comprehensive scheme of the marine ecology
of Australia could be worked out and published.

38

Most of the students’ findings can be fairly well conveyed by the
written word, but that is not now sufficient for the ultimate designation of
a particular species, and illustrations are imperative to finalise the matter
for all time, so we find that the artist is necessary to give the final touch
to all our observations.

Some of our members are interested in taxonomy and systematics and
have prepared and are preparing illustrated papers on these subjects. Others
are interested in malacology and ecology and are studying the living animal
and its ways, and recording these for future generations. One member is well
advanced in the study of our land snails from all possible aspects and has
carried out some very fine experiments in breeding and in recording the
results of special foods. I am sure that all this worthwhile work will be
carried on, and this publication will be the means of encouraging our members
to continue to investigate, study and experiment, in the knowledge that
their efforts will be appreciated and their results published.

*

A SHELL THAT BUILDS A HOUSE
By C. F. and J. LasEron

A new record for New South Wales is the extraordinary little bivalve
Gastrochaena. When examining material brought up by the harbour dredge
Triton from 6-9 fathoms in the West Channel of the Sow and Pigs Reef in
Port Jackson, our attention was attracted by small blisters on worn fragments
of larger shells. When broken open each of these was seen to contain a
small bivalve. The shell itself is undistinguished, thin, white, elongated
and very inequilateral, the umbones terminally placed, and the united valves
gaping widely along the whole of the ventral margin. From comparison
with figures of the Tasmanian species, G. tasmanica Ten. Woods, no essential
differences could be detected, and the New South Wales shell may be
tentatively taken as identical. G. tasmanica has also been recorded from
South Australia, but the South Australian shells have a slightly different
shape and may be a different species.

The main interest in Gastrochaena lies in its habit of constructing a flask
or house, in which the shell remains hidden throughout its life. As the size
of the flask is adapted to the size of the shell, the problem arises how the
flask is enlarged from the inside. There would seem to be only one solution.
Examination of the surface of the flask with a lens shows that it is covered
with a number of small, rounded, bubble-like protuberances. ach of these
evidently marks where the wall has been dissolved away from the inside
and a small annex secreted. In this way the size of the flask increases as
the shell within grows.

Further examination shows that in the larval stage the bivalve actually
bores just below the surface into the dead shell, emerging some distance
away, where it begins to construct the flask. A tube is thus left through
‘which the elongated siphons protrude, and thus the animal, though apparently
completely enclosed, is able to find microscopic life for its sustenance.

There is in Queensland an allied species which shows rather a different
habit. In this the larval shell bores completely through a piece of dead shell
and emerges always on the opposite side. The flask, instead of being covered
with small bubbles, is perfectly smooth, but is divided into regular segments,
each showing where the end of the flask has been dissolved out, and a larger
addition made.

Specimens of the flasks and shells have been placed in the Marine
Section’s Collection.

39

NOTES ON SOME SIPHONARIIDAE
CCLASS GASTROPODA )
By Davin McA pine

The commonest member of the Siphonariidae living in the vicinity
of Sydney has been known as Siphonaria scabra Reeve for many years.
Examination of Reeve’s description and figure (Conch. Icon., Vol. Ix,
Siphonaria, pl. 1, fig. and sp. 2, March, 1856) shows that this is based
on Quoy and Gaimard’s Siphonaria diemenensis, the differences pointed out
by Reeve being merely individual, not geographical, though races may be
separated at a later date when very many series are available.

Quoy and Gaimard’s species, Siphonaria denticulata, was described from
Western Port, Victoria (Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. ii, p. 340, pl. 25, figs.
19-20, 1833) and has been confused with S. diemenensis Q. and G. (Cop.
cit.. p. 327, pl. 25, figs. 1-12, 1833) by some recent authors, but is a very
different species. Most Victorian specimens determined as denticulata in the
Australian Museum collection are not that species at all, but are diemenensis.
In one case the correct name diemenensis has been crossed out and denticulata
has been substituted. The true denticulata appears to be rare in Victoria
except perhaps within bays.

Miss E. Pope, of the Australian Museum, has kindly collected many
specimens of Siphonariidae from the open coast in a number of localities
in Victoria, and though always searching for denticulata, failed to find it
even at Mallacoota in the extreme east of the State. Western Port, the
type locality, is much further west, but is not on the open coast. ‘The only
Victorian specimens I have seen which agree with the figure of denticulata
are from Red Bluff, Gippsland, and are specifically identical with the
Sydney species erroneously called scabra by Hedley and by most workers
since. Angas’s record of denticulata from New South Wales (Proc. Zool.
Soc., London, 1867, p. 232) must now be accepted as correct.

Reeve described S. scabra as coming from Port Jackson and this localisa-
tion probably caused later workers to use his name incorrectly for the
commonest species living there G.e., denticulata Quoy and Gaimard, Reeve
and Angas, but not of recent authors). The true scabra, whose correct
name is diemenensis, really occurs in Port Jackson, but is quite scarce, and
has not previously been recorded under its correct name from this locality,
although known as diemenensis in Southern Australia.

Iredale introduced a new generic name, Ellsiphon CAust. Zool., vol. ix,
pt. 4, p. 437, Dec., 1940) with type (by monotypy) the Queensland
E. marza Iredale, which I regard as doubtfully distinct from denticulata.
As it differs anatomically from Siphonaria s.str. the species listed by Hedley
as Siphonaria scabra must bear the name Ellsiphen denticulatus Quoy and
Gaimard. An account of the features of the genital organs of Ellsiphon is
given below because of their importance in the classification of this group.

Spermatheca normal, the duct moderately long; epiphallus duct long,
slender, terminating in a small gland and rather long flagellum; muscular
sac of genital atrium present, but small. The epiphallus seems to separate
this genus from Hubendick’s section Sacculosiphonaria. The shell in that

group is said to have reticulate sculpture, while in Ellsiphon the sculpture
is radial only.

40

The generic position of diemenensis is not so easy to determine. Huben-
dick Cop. cit., p. 58, 1945) gave the sectional name Ductosiphonaria to his
“Bifurcatagruppe,’ which included Siphonaria bifurcata Rve. and S. die-
menensis Quoy and Gaimard. An examination of the genitalia of these
two species shows that although they have certain similarities they are not
closely related. ‘Though the former species was designed as type species, the
latter agrees much better with his description of the group. I therefore
introduce the new generic name Hubendickula with Siphonaria diemenensis
QO. and G. as type.

The genus Planesiphon was described by Iredale (op. cit., p. 437, 1940),
but no genotype was given. A few pages later (p. 441) he placed in it the
two newly described species elegans and soranus. Hubendick (Cop. cit., figs.
44 and 47, 1945) shows the genital system of “Siphonaria elegans” differing
very greatly from that of bifurcata. Iredale’s elegans, however, closely re-
sembles bifurcata conchologically and there is no doubt that the two are
congeneric, or possibly only subspecifically separable. Hubendick’s elegans
cannot be the same as Iredale’s, but as only the genital system was figured
by the former, we do not know to what species it refers.

The International Rules of zoological nomenclature state quite justly
that all generic names published after 1930 are to be considered invalid |
unless a genotype is designated. Under this ruling Ductosiphonaria will
replace Planesiphon for which a genotype has not yet been designated.
designate Planesiphon elegans Iredale as type of Planesiphon in order to
give it a definite position in the synonymy of Ductosiphonaria.

The chief characteristics of Ductosiphonaria and Hubendickula are
summarised below.

Ductosiphonaria: Shell rather thin, depressed, sculptured with few,
coarse, depressedly rounded ribs, the wide, flat interstices containing up to
four or five fine, weak riblets, seldom rivalling the primary ribs in size;
coloration pallid, interstitial riblets separated by fine, brown lines or some-
times the whole of the primary interstices blackish; interior greenish buff
to light brown centrally, white marginally with small, variable black marks.
Animal pale, without dark markings. Cutting points of lateral radula teeth
entire. The epiphallus has a short, stout, straight duct with a large, elongate
accessory gland and very short flagellum. Genital atrium swollen; sper-
mathecal duct short and very slender, the terminal vesicle very small.

Hubendickula: Shell solid, elevated, sculptured with strong, coarse,
rounded, white ribs having narrow, black, unsculptured interstices. Animal
usually dark coloured externally. Cutting points of innermost lateral teeth
bifid. Epiphallus duct long, curved and looped so that the small accessory
gland and short flagellum lie normally against the small genital atrium.
Spermathecal duct very long and twisted, terminating in a large vesicle.

SuMMARY OF SYNONYMY

Hubendickula diemensis Quoy and Gaimard + Siphonaria diemenensis
Quoy and Gaimard and Reeve equals S. scabra of Reeve (not of Hedley)
equals Siphonaria denticulata in Australian Museum collection.

Ellsiphon denticulatus Quoy and Gaimard: Siphonaria denticulata Quoy
and Gaimard of Reeve, and Angas equals S. scabra of Hedley (not Reeve).

ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Ellsiphon denticulatus (Q. & G.) Genitalia.
2. Hubendickula diemenensis (Q. & G.) Genitalia.

3. Ductosiphonaria bifurcata (Reeve) Genitalia.
Delin. D. McAlpine.

42

A NEW THAIS FOUND ON A LOG AT
PORT STEPHENS

By GERTRUDE THORNLEY

One sunny day towards the end of August, 1950, Mrs. Jackson and I
paused to rest after collecting at Hawkesnest Beach on the northern side
of the port. Hawkesnest is a double beach, inner and outer, shaped like a
“V,” the two beaches separated by sandhills, but converging at the point
to a sandspit which connects it with the mountainous Yacoaba, which towers
over the entrance. We had the sea on one side, the bay on the other.

Nearby was a log, covered with barnacles, and there I saw a Thais
shell that was new to me. We searched carefully and found several more
each, and a few weeks later I found seven more adults and several sub-adult.

With it were Mytilus obscurus Dunk. and a new Agnewia, which is
more ventricose than Agnewia tritoniformis (Blain). It is of a deep bluish
tinge throughout, marked with splashes of brown, and the ribbing is more
widely spaced. It is also smoother than tritoniformis.

My first problem was to determine, if possible, the habitat of the new
Thais. A floating log might have come from anywhere. No similar Thais
could be found in the bay or along the foreshores. The shell it most
resembles is Dicathais scalaris (Menke), found in New Zealand. It is
certainly very different in appearance to our common cartrut shell, Dicathais
orbita (Gmelin). This log might have drifted even from New Zealand, as
both the other shells are generically or specifically represented there. So I
first obtained from Mr. Powell specimens of Neothais smithii, and from
Mr. Brookes specimens of some rarer forms of Dicathais scalaris (Menke),
examination of which proved that this shell could be neither of these species.
I must thank these gentlemen for their kindly assistance.

The barnacles proved to be a common variety found in all tropical
and subtropical waters. Miss Pope, of the Australian Museum, was very
interested in the problem, and helped me to identify it.

I then sent samples of the wood to the Forestry Commission, who
informed me that it was scrub beefwood, sometimes referred to as silky oak.
Its distribution is from Milton on the South Coast of N.S.W. to Southern
Queensland.”

A few weeks before record floods had carried many logs to sea from
all the river mouths of Northern N.S.W. Fishermen told me that for
weeks the sea was full of them, all drifting south on the Notonectian
current. Since the barnacles and shells on this log were only just dead,
it seems to me to be fairly well established that it came south during these
floods from some location on the mid-north coast of N.S.W.

So our new Thais went to sea like a stowaway riding on a log for his
ship. Therefore, I am going to call the species “vector,” meaning “one who
is carried,” or “a passenger.” His little companion may be called Agnewia
nautica, the sailor.

The type description is as follows: —
Genus DICATHAIS Iredale, 1936
DICATHAIS VECTOR, sp. nov.

43

1. Dicathais vector, sp. nov. 3. Cominella eburnea Reeve.
2. Agnewia nautica, sp. nov.

Delin. Gertrude Thornley.
44 ;

Shell ovate, ventricose, protoconch pale horn colour, of 3 whorls; four
other whorls in the adult, somewhat shouldered, with small oblique lamellae
at the sutures, which are closely conjoined; flat superficial ribs throughout
on the body whorl. At the top they occur in groups of three, a wide rib,
then a less wide, then a narrow rib; about half-way down they alternate
wide and narrwo in pairs. ‘The interstices are somewhat punctate. With
a lens it is possible to see fine revolving striae on each rib. These ribs are
crossed by growth lines, giving a somewhat cancellate appearance to the
apical whorls. The aperture is wide, of a pale brownish white. Young
specimens show brown radiating lines; adults have brown in the interstices
at the edge only. Columella white; the shell being a drab light brown
me dull brown irregular maculations. ‘The upper whorls are bluish in
colour.

This shell cannot’ be confused with D. textiliosa CLam.) (a form of
which seems also to occur in N.S.W.), though they are related species, but it
resembles more closely the smooth form of bicostalis Lam., illustrated by
Tryon, pl. 50, fig. 91. It is fairly similar to D. scalaris (Menke), of New
Zealand, which may perhaps be its closest relation, though this shell seems
also to have some affinities with the more tropical Indo-Pacific forms, such
as D. bicostalis and D. persica.

This paper may serve to show how, in the pursuit of knowledge, the
shell collector must often turn detective. ‘The story of this shell is rather
an unusual and fascinating one and still further work remains to be done
before the mystery of its origin is fully solved. I must thank all the people
who helped me with this somewhat unusual problem, Mrs. Jackson, Miss
Pope, Miss Allan, who allowed me to compare the shells with those in the
Australian Museum collections. Mr. Powell and Mr. Brookes, who so
kindly forwarded me shells for comparison, and the Forestry Commission, who
identified the wood for me.

The type specimens have been donated to the Australian Museum, and
specimens also to the Royal Zoological Society.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cotton and Godfrey, South Australian Shells, “South Australian Naturalist,”
vol. xiii, No. 4, p. 142

Iredale, Results from Roy Bell’s Molluscan Collections, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
IND SeWWic wolk’ xin, pt. 3, 1924, p. 273.

Australian Molluscan Notes, No. 2, Rec. Aust. Museum, vol. xix,
iNoe 55 1936, p. 325.

Menke, Verz. Conch. Samml. Mals., 1929, p. 33.
Tryon, Manual of Conchology, vol. 2, pl. 50, fig. 91.

COMINELLA EBURNEA Reeve
By R. Swan

A specimen was found on the 8th January, 1951, on the sandflat to
the east of the bridge crossing the Wagonga Inlet, Narooma. It was
crawling on open sand between oyster beds, below low water. Search
failed to locate more than the one specimen, but in May several Cominella
lineolata \vere found in a dead state, and one more C. eburnea.

I believe this to be the first specimen of C. eburnea to be found in

45

Description: Colour, orange brown or chestnut, with irregular cream
spots and blotches. Shape fusiform, spire sharp, turreted, whorls sharply
angled and nodulose. Sculpture: Broad ribs, crossed by spiral grooves. Aper-
ture, ovate, light brown, lined within; lip sharp, canal broad and _ short.
Operculum horny, dark brown. Size: 25 mm.

*
A VISIT TO PORT STEPHENS

By T. Garrarp

A fortnight’s holiday spent at Nelson’s Bay, Port Stephens, yielded a
a very varied assortment of shells. Beach collecting was poor at Nelson’s
Bay or Shoal Bay, but on the northern side, at Hawkesnest Beach, many
specimens were found, including pairs of a number of bivalves, the most
noteworthy being Mactra eximia. Beach collecting was also very good at
Fingal Bay, mostly small varieties, although several Voluta zebra were found,
and also numbers of Janthina violacea. ‘The most valuable discovery at this
spot was a good specimen of the rare Laciniorbis morti, and a number of

Cavolina spp.

Dredging was carried out for a period of about three hours within
300 yards of Nelson’s Bay trawler wharf, but yielded over 100 species of
small shells, from a bottom of sandy mud and short ribbon weed, and
included 12 species of Marginella, some alive, and also three live specimens
of Trigonostoma vinnulum, a Cancellaria which is fairly uncommon, and
somewhat resembles the Queensland Cancellaria costifera.

Practically the only shells found on the rocks west of Nelson Bay
were three fairly good specimens of Dinassovica militaris, which I was rather
surprised to find so far south.

Unfortunately, both the crayfish season and also a phenomenal run
of prawns came to an end about three days after arriving, consequently the
number of shells obtained from the trawlermen was not as good as hoped for.
However, many bivalves were obtained alive, which are normally very scarce,
including Glycymeris flammeus, Glycymeris holoserica and Chlamys caroli,
as well as Phalium insperatum and several live Ancilla velesiana, the largest
being a shade over 4 inches in length.

Most of the shells from the crayfish pots were poor specimens inhabited
by hermit crabs, but those obtained included a few Livonia mamilla, good
Cymbiolena magnifica and Ericusa sowerbyi, and one specimen of Charonia
euclia instructa.

The most prized specimen from deep water was one Ericusa sericata, the
new Volute recently discovered and described by Miss G. Thornley.

From the number of species obtained and broken pieces of other varieties
noticed on the beaches and elsewhere, I am convinced that over a fairly
long period it might be quite possible to obtain over 1,000 species of shells
of all sizes from Port Stephens and its environs.

DULCERANA VERSIGRANULATA Iredale

This shell, known for many years as Bursa granifera (Lamarck) was
first recorded in N.S.W. by G. F. Angas (Proceedings of the Scientific Meet-
ings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877). He mentions that it was
found at the Macleay River. Later he records that it was taken alive at

the Bottle and Glass Rocks by Mr. Rossiter.

46

Bursa granifera (Lam.) is found in the Red Sea, Natal, throughout the
islands and the north-east coast of Australia.

Mr. Iredale renamed the local shell, which is darker, broader and
somewhat more promiently tuberculated than the typical form.

The animal of Dulcerana versigranulata Iredale has not previously
been described. I have found two specimens alive at the south side of Long
Reef, the first one on the 28th April, 1946, and the second one on 17th
September, 1950. ‘The description of the animal is as follows:—

Foot: Greyish white with minute mottling of cinnamon colour, more
pronounced in the centre. Tentacles: Five stripes alternately white and
black. The two small projections from near tail are also striped black and
white. The small siphon under magnifying lens is whitish cream with
very minute black mottling almost in lines round the edges. ‘The eyes are
black. The body of the animal was of light pinkish beige with extremely
minute bright orange spots (only discernable with the aid of a magnifying
glass) and mottled in dark cinnamon brown. ‘The operculum is thin and

horny, of light yellowish brown.
N. Jackson.

*

SOCIAL NOTES

One of the best (worst) aspects of becoming interested in conchology
is that concurrently one develops a wanderlust. Most of us go places and
perhaps the shells are an excuse.

One of our members, Mrs. K. Rutland, has been away now for over
18 months on a tour of England and the Continent. That is indeed a grand
tour.

Most of us, however, have to content ourselves with trips in and
around Australia.

Mr. Frank McCamley has been to Perth and Darwin, though on each
trip he could only stay six or seven days, yet he managed to bring back
some prizes from each location.

Mrs. Kerslake was lucky in being able to spend the winter of 1950 in
Noumea, so is now busily attending classes in French. Evidently a second
visit is being contemplated.

Mrs. Woolacott spent some weeks in Woolgoolga, N.S.W. She reported
that collecting there was not of the best, but came back with a Cypraea
chinensis, the only one so far recorded from N.S.W.

Miss ‘Thornley and Mrs. Jackson spent a very delightful holid t
Ballina and Wooli. J oe Ta Bats Holday 2

Mr. and Mrs. Swann seem to make for Bermagui and the South
Coast as well as trips to Queensland.

Mr. Garrard struck some collecting at Eden, which was surely a col-
lector’s dream come true—a beach covered with shells—volutes, bivalves and
many others.

_ Mr. CG. Laseron does not get around so much, as he is too busy writing
his scientific papers; but son John gets to Queensland and is now planning
a trip to Bowen.

47

Miss Thornley, who is perhaps the greatest gipsy of us all, has been
to Adelaide, where she was warmly received by the Conchological Club of
S.A. and by the members of the Adelaide Museum.

So we do get around!

*

BOOK REVIEWS

“Australian Spiders: Their Lives and Habits.” By K. C. McKeown.
Angus & Robertson, Sydney and London, May 16, 1952, 274 pp., 43
half-tone and 16 line figures. Price 21/-.

Stranger even than some of the “scientific” fiction and crime thrillers
of the popular bookstalls are the true stories told in Australian Spiders about
their monstrous and mysterious instincts and the wonders of their webs. The
intimate life of the Wolf Spider (chap. vi) reads like a whodunit. Who
murdered whom? Did Sweeny Todd bump off Sibyl, and was Lazy Lena
Cwho lived with a bug) a male or a female? Amongst the dramatis personae,
besides those mentioned, is a company of females, ranging from murderous
amazons to ardent feminists, and some lesser lights in the form of chalcid
wasps and beetle or two. Then there is Nephila, who polishes off her husband
like a cocktail sausage if he makes a single false step.

In this underworld of spidery spivs with their hypodermic weapons,
however, virtuous maternity is still triumphant over murder most foul, as
demonstrated by a rising generation of bright young spiderlings parachuting
off to a brave new web. Another chapter describes the charming little
acrobatic ballet of the Jumping Spiders, whilst those of us who thought
bird-catching spiders were confined to South America, learn that many
birds are captured by Australian spiders, some of which eat, besides fishes,
mammals and lizards. What an amazing world is opened to our vision,
not only from the stories in the text, but illustrated in the marvellous plates.
There is, according to McKeown, no really complete life of any one spider
known to us, but his book tells what is known and will inspire naturalists
to fill in the gaps in our knowledge. ‘This is not a text book, but a real
natural history, and the only criticism that can be levelled at it is that one
would like more of it, more stories and still more pictures. The purple
patches in arachnids’ lives are treated throughout with tact and good taste,
so that the book may be recommended not only to naturalists and those with
a relish for the ghoulish, but to the most innocent child. Final chapters
deal with scorpions and ticks and hints on the treatment of spider bite are
given.

“Anatomy of the Chordates.” By Charles K. Weichert, Professor of
Zoology, University of Cincinnati. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New
York, etc. Ist Edition, 1951, pp. vii and 921, 506 figures. Price,
American, 8 dollars; Australian, £4/6/-.

Only a little new material has been added to this, one of several recent
textbooks of chordate anatomy, but Professor Weichert has presented in a
clear, modern, interesting manner a difficult subject which is so often
drudgery to the student. His book is set out in four sections. The
reader is first given a very comprehensive introduction to the various chordate
types, and to their natural history, as well as the chief features of chordate
embryology. The major portion of the book deals with the detailed func-
tional anatomy of the following organ systems:—Integumentary, Digestive,
Respiratory, Excretory, Reproductive, Endocrine, Skeletal, Muscular, Circu-
latory, Nervous and Receptor Organs.

48

There is something to be said, both for and against the “Comparative
Method” used in this book (i.e., treatment of each individual organ system
throughout the phylum, as opposed to dealing with each systematic group
as a whole), but few could find fault with Professor Weichert’s presentation.
The chapters follow a natural sequence, and each includes functional and
physiological aspects. It is pleasing to note the inclusion of a chapter
on the endocrine glands, a subject on which much recent work has been done.

The third section deals with the anatomy of four representative types—
the Lamprey, the Dogfish, the Salamander and the Cat—as an aid to students
in laboratory work. ‘The inclusion of a representative of the Reptiles and the
Birds would have been an advantage. Australian students will find the
chapters on the Dogfish and the Cat very useful, as they are clearly described
and well illustrated, although thirty pages of description of the musculature
of the latter are scarcely warranted.

Finally, a summary of the characteristics and evolutionary advances of
the various groups is given, using a modern system of classification. An
exhaustive index is included, and an excellent summary is found at the end
of each chapter. ‘There are several points of interest and criticism. ‘The
figures are for the greater part, excellent, being well drawn and adequately
labelled. Professor Weichert is to be commended for avoiding the use of
abbreviated labelling on the figures, with a key to the abbreviations else-
where Unfortunately, there was insufficient space for a thorough treatment
of fossil types, which are particularly useful in obtaining a picture of the
evolution of the chordates, especially with reference to the skeletal system.
The main characteristics of more of the fossil groups could also have been
aged in the final table of characters, particularly in the Amphibia and
Reptiles.

“Anatomy of the Chordates” should prove to be a useful, although not
an essential, addition to text-books of this nature.

D. F. McMicuatt.

“Flower and Feather at Mt. Buffalo National Park, Victoria,
Australia.” By H. E. Stewart, R.A.O.U. Public Relations and Bet-
terment Board, Melbourne. Victorian Railways Print, 1952. 84 x 54 ins.,
20 pages, 4 figs. On sale at The Chalet, Mt. Buffalo. Price 1/-.

An admirable handbook to the botany and birds of the famed tourist resort
by a naturalist who knows the region well. Scientific names are given, and
there is a good deal of useful information, such as we should like to have
in such a handy form for many other parts of Australia. ‘There are no intro-
duced, only native birds in the “champagne air of over 4,000 feet,” and
ornithologists will welcome the list of these, arranged in accordance with

the revised R.A.O.U. check-list.
G.P.W.

49

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL
SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES AS AT
Ist JULY, 1952

PATRONS:
Sir Philip Woolcott Game, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., G.B.E., D.S.O.,

Langham House, Ham Common, Surrey, England.
The Right Honorable Sir John Greig Latham, G.C.M.G., Judges’ Chambers,
Darlinghurst.

ENDOWMENT MEMBER:
Hallstrom, Sir E. J. L., F.R.Z.S., 462 Willoughby Rd., Willoughby.

ASSOCIATE BENEFACTORS:

Littlejohn, Albert, c/o Australian Club, 165 Macquarie St., Sydney.
Weingott, Mr. iL 76 Clarence St., Sydney.
Walter & Eliza Hall Trust, Box 130CC, POs Sydney.

FELLOWS:

Allan, Miss Joyce K., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Barrett, Charles, C. M.Z.S “Maralena,” Maysbury St., Elsternwick, Victoria.

Chisholm, A. H., c/o Angus & Robertson, Castlereagh St., Sydney.

Glauert, L., Western Australian Museum, Perth, W.A.

Hallstrom, Sir E. J. L., 462 Willoughby Rad., Willoughby.

Hindwood, Keith A., Wingello House, Angel. Place, Sydney.

Iredale, ‘Tom, “Solander,’ Queenscliff Rd., Manly.

Kinghorn, J. R., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Laseron, C. F., 15 Hill St., Balgowlah.

McKeown, Keith Collingwood, Australian Museum, Sydney.

Musgrave, Anthony, Australian Museum, Sydney.

Rayment, Tarlton, Bath St., Sandringham, Victoria.

Roughley, Theodore Cleveland, B.Sc., Fisheries Dept., Chief Secretary’s
Dept., Sydney.

Troughton, Ellis Le Geyt, F.R.Z.S., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Ward, Melbourne, Hydro Majestic Hotel, Medlow Bath, N.S.W.

Whitley, er Percy, Australian Museum, Sydney.

Zeck, E. H., F.R.Z.S., Entomological Branch, Dept. "OE Agriculture, Box 36,
CPO! Sydney.

HONORARY MEMBERS:

Allan, Miss Joyce K., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Dunbabin, Thomas, c/o Aust. High Commissioner, Ottawa, Canada.
Evatt, The Hon. Clive, 121 Macquarie St., Sydney.

Fairfax, Vincent, 850 New South Head Rd., Double Bay.

Iredale, ‘Tom, F.R.Z.S., “Solander,”’ Queenscliff Rd., Manly.
McKeown, Keith C., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Shipway, Phillip, 133 Pitt St., Sydney.

Stiffe, R. J., 350 George St., Sydney.

50

LIFE MEMBERS:

Allman, Stewart L. W., 42 Premier St., Neutral Bay.

Baxter, Mrs. D., 35 Station St., Crow’s Nest.

Bright, James L., 49 Victoria St., Waverley.

Bryce, Ernest J., 47 Nelson Rd., Killara.

Buckle, Frank, 104 Hunter St., Sydney.

Campbell, Joseph Owen, Clump Pt., via El Arish, North Queensland.

Comtesse, Capt. D. L., No. 3 Flat, Bardsley Garden, North Sydney.

oe Miss Minard F., Warra Sanctuary, Pearl Beach, via Woy Way,

Dellow, Walter Joseph, 32 Alibone St., Ashfield.

Dew, Miss Barbara, 16 Wallaroy Rd., Double Bay.

Dixson, Robert Craig, 33 Hunter St., Sydney.

Dixson, Sir William, 586 Pacific Highway, Killara.

Friend, Alfred Harry, c/o Entomology Branch, Dept. Agriculture, Box 36,
G.P.O., Sydney.

Goddard, Wililam Strickland, 4 Lennox St., Mosman.

Golding, Miss M., 2 Broderick St., Balmain.

Halloran, Aubrey, LL.B., B.A., Bull’s Chambers, Martin Place, Sydney.

Hallstrom, John E., 462 Willoughby Rd., Willoughby.

Harford, Mrs. Leone Z., 33 Henson St., Marrickville.

Hendy, Mr. H. R., Mbabane, Swaziland, South Africa.

Hewitt, Frank Charles, 4 St. Elmo St., Clifton Gardens.

Hordern, Sir Samuel, “Babworth House,’ Darling Point.

Johnston, Cyril D., “Terrigal,” Bennet St., Glenbrook.

Johnston, Peter R., 15 Fairfax Rd., Mosman.

Keast, James Allen, 313 West Botany St., Rockdale.

Mackillop, John C., “Cumbrae,” Ellamatta Ave., Mosman.

Manwaring, Mr. H. A., 2 Altona St., Abbotsford.

Minell, Mrs. Dorothy Ebsworth, 20 Wylde St., Potts Point.

Monticone, Dr. Charles Albert, Box 2058, G.P.O., Sydney.

Morgan, H. E., 74 Pitt St., Sydney.

Murray, GC. Stuart, Box 2427, G.P.O., Sydney.

Musgrave, Anthony, F.R.Z.S., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Oldham, Jioland V., c/o Mrs. ‘T. Suess, 70 Kent Rd., Wooloowin, near
Brisbane, Queensland.

Ormsby, Anthony Irwin, 3 Castlereagh St., Sydney.

Packer, H. E., Belgenny Flats, ‘Taylor Square, Darlinghurst.

Pope, Miss Elizabeth, 36 Kameruka Rd., Northbridge.

Rogers, William James, 12 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Scott, N. A. H., 22 Terminus St., Petersham.

Smith, Warren Frederick, 14 Myrna Rd., Strathfield.

Spain, Col. Alfred, V.D., 16 Spring St., Sydney.

Spring, Robert Alexander, “Woodford,” St. Elmo St., Mosman.

Street, The Hon. Mr. Justice K. W., 2 Greenoaks Ave., Edgecliff.

Todman, R. G., “Merdin,” 328 Edgecliff Rd., Edgecliff.

Troughton, Ellis Le Geyt, Australian Museum, Sydney.

Turner, W. H., 15 Sutherland Rd., Chatswood.

Vickery, Ottoman George, c/o The Coal Cliff Collieries Ltd., Sydney.

Ward, Melbourne, F.R.Z.S., Hydro Majestic Hotel, Medlow Bath, N.S.W.

Warland, Leslie Keith, 8 Westbourne St., Carlton.

Warland, Oswald Edward, 8 Westbourne St., Carlton.

White, Alfred Henry, Bell Trees, Scone, N.S.W.

White, Mrs. Millicent, c/o Hotel Australia, Sydney.

Whitley, Gilbert Percy, F.R.Z.S., Australian Museum, Sydney.

Wiley, Dr. C. J., 193 Macquarie St., Sydney.

Woolacott, Mrs. L. H., lla Everview Ave., Mosman.

Yardley, H., 10 Great North Rd., Five Dock.

Zeck, Emil H., Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Box 36, G.P.O.,

Sydney.

Dil

ORDINARY MEMBERS:

Adams, Miss Muriel M., 46 Milson Rd., Cremorne.

Adkins, John J. S., 10 Middle Head Rd., Mosman.

Allan, Miss Elizabeth May, “Vergemount,” Gilliver Ave., Vaucluse.
Allen, Mrs. H. A., 12 Audrey St., Balgowlah.

Allen, Mr. H. A., 12 Audrey St., Balgowlah.

Allsop, Hartley Ernest, 38 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.
Alt, Jack, 9 Whiting Beach Rd., Mosman.

‘Andrews, William C., 38 Kameruka Rd., Northbridge.

Angell, A., 14 O’Donnell St., North Bondi.

Anstey, A. Mervyn, 6 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Armstrong, J. E., 70 Wolseley Rd., Mosman.

Arnott, P. S., c/o Wm. Arnott Pty. Ltd., Homebush.

Arnott, Ronald Bruce, 51 Lindfield Ave., Lindfield.

Arthur, Mrs. Jessie Sinclair, 796 Military Rd., Mosman.

Asher, David A., 65 Falcon St., Crow’s Nest.

Asprey, Cecil J., 24 Mabel St., Chatswood.

Atkinson, Gerald B., 5 Ellawatta Ave., Mosman.

Austin, Miss M., 352 Victoria Ave., Chatswood.

Baass, Otto Hermann, 31 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Barker, A. F., 42 Blair St., Bondi.

Barrett, Frederick William, Scottish House, 17 Bridge St., Sydney.
Barrie, W., 15 Blair St., Bondi.

Bauer, C. J., 11 Clifton St., Clifton Gardens.

Baur, George N., Forrestry Office, Coffs Harbour Jetty, N.S.W.
Beahan, W. P., Bull’s Chambers, 28 Martin Place, Sydney.
Beardsall, Mrs. Lois, 141 Miller St., North Sydney.

Beaufoy, Roland Arthur, 44 Telegraph Rd., Pymble.

Bell, Scott, 4 Flat, 174 Military Rd., Neutral Bay.

Bell, W. H., 2 Coolawin Rd., Northbridge.

Berckelman, Miss Edith M., 29 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.
Berry, Edgar George, 15 Ruby St., Mosman.

Beswick, G. H., LL.B., St. James’ Building, 107-109 Elizabeth St., Sydney.
Biber, Samuel, 675 New South Head Rd., Rose Bay.

Blackburn, Maurice, 118 Willarong Rd., Caringbah.

‘Blenkarn, G. G., Phillip House, Phillip St., Sydney.

Bouchier, Reginald W., 191 Nicholson Pde., Cronulla.

Bray, Miss Q., 10 St. Elmo St., Mosman.

Brookes, Brian H., 15 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Brooks, Wm. & Co. Ltd. (Secretary), 199 Elizabeth St., Waterloo.
Brooks, Wm. & Co. Ltd. (Secretary), 199 Elizabeth St., Waterloo.
Brown, Sir Harry Percy, 16 Luxor Pde., Roseville.

Brown, Howard Bruce, 3 Ryrie St., Mosman.

Bruce, Robert, 126 Falcon St., Crow’s Nest.

Bryden-Brown, C., 5 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.
Buchanan, Captain H. J., R.A.N., H.M.A.S. Sydney, c/o G.P.O.
Bullen, Errol, 7 Burrabirra Ave., Vaucluse.

Burgh, Henry Bertram, 42 Warialda St., West Kogarah.

Bush, Francis G., 492 King St., Newtown.

Campbell, T. G., c/o C.S.I.R.O., Box 109, Canberra, A.C.T.
Carlaw, B., 35 Arlington St., Five Dock.

Catchlove, F. S. L., 15 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Catt, John Ward, “Tomah,” Church St., Carlingford.

Chaffer, Norman, 1 Roslyn Ave., Roseville.

Chettle, F. A., c/o C.T.A. Club, Martin Place, Sydney.

Clark, Eric Edward, 148 Franklyn St., Matraville.

Clark, Dr. Ernest, 822 Military Rd., Mosman.

Clark, Roland C., 33 Kardinia Rd., Mosman.

Clayton, Charles, c/o Printers Pty. Ltd., Box 36, P.O., Waterloo.
Cleburne, E. W., 12 “Cavlee Circuit,”” Middle Cove, East Willoughby.
Clyne, Daniel, The Hon., M.L.A., 29 Farleigh St., Ashfield.

32

Collett, Sister M., Donald St., Greenwich.

Copland, Prof. Stephen J., Chilton Pde., Warrawee.

Coppleson, Dr. V. M., 225 Macquarie St., Sydney.

Coventry, Thomas Francis, 3 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.

Cox, R. E., 28 Bond St., Sydney.

Crane, Mrs. J. I., 13 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Crane, Stanley Warren, 13 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Cranston, Henry V., 34 Rickard Ave., Mosman.

Cropley, Mrs. Dorothy Lee, “St. Julien,” Kirkoswald Ave., Mosman.

Crough, Victor Albert, 30 Sibbick St., Five Dock.

Cunningham, John T., 9 Wilde St., Canamar, N.S.W.

D’Alpuget, Miss B., Apartment 8, 40 Blue’s Point Rd., McMahon’s Point.

Dangerfield, Miss Joan, 33 Ourimbah Rd., Mosman.

Darrell, Herbert, “Bushlands,’ Acres Rd., Kellyville.

Darrell, Mrs. M. K., “Bushlands,” Acres Rd., Kellyville.

Davidson, Charles Robert, Fay’s Ltd., Liverpool St., Sydney.

Dawson, Richard Stanley, 36a Burrawong Ave., Mosman.

Deakin, Dr. John Edward Ferdinand, “Vindoro,” Military Rd., Mosman.

Dempster, G. W., 10 Kardinia Rd., Mosman.

Denham, H. H., 463 Willoughby Rd., Willoughby.

Desmarchelier, Theo., 3 Flat, 11 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Dewhurst, Norman, Box 478aa, G.P.O., Sydney.

Done, Herbert Stanley, Rockley St., Castlecrag.

Doswell, Mrs. R., 12 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Dougall, Andrew, 43 Lancaster Rd., Rose Bay.

Douglass, Colin W. H., 48 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.

Douglass, E. W. T., Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, George and
Barrack Sts., Sydney.

Doust, Barton, 5 St. Elmo St., Mosman.

Downing, Hon. R. R., 28 Earl St., Gladesville.

Drake, J. M., 40 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Drummond Hay, Francis, c/o United Kingdom Trade Commissioner, Pruden-
tial Building, Martin Place, Sydney.

Duff, Miss E. E., 460 Burwood Rd., Belmore.

Duff, Mrs. H. Agnes, 109 Wilkins St., Yagoona.

Duff, J. G., Senr., 7 Cross St., Mosman.

Duff, J. G., Junr., 7 Cross St., Mosman.

Dummett, Stephen, 7 English St., Kogarah.

Duncan, Grantley A., cr. Cooyong and Pittwater Rds., Terrey Hills, via
Chatswood.

Dwyer, Edmond Alfred, 2 St. Elmo St., Clifton Gardens.

Dwyer, John Edward, 6 Simpson St., Mosman.

Eccles, Alfred Edward, 31 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Edwards, Edward Oliver, Cummins Rd., Menangle Park.

Elliott, John Henry, 8 Shellcove Rd., Neutral Bay.

Ellison, N., 13 Whiting Beach Rd., Mosman.

Ensor, E. G., 1 Gundimaine Ave., Neutral Bay.

Evans, Arthur Phillipi, 24 Fifth Ave., Eastwood.

Everitt, Theo. Athol, Rural Bank, Box 41, G.P.O., Sydney.

Ewin, Miss Josephine, 37 Oliver Rd., Roseville.

Fairfax, John & Son, Hunter St., Sydney.

Fairfax, John & Son, Hunter St., Sydney.

Farleigh, Miss K. M., 32 Kardinia Rd., Mosman.

Fell, John W., 15 Silex Rd., Clifton Gardens.

Ferguson, George A., c/o Angus & Robertson Ltd., 89 Castlereagh St., Sydney.

Finckh, Dr. E. S., 1 Valley Rd., Lindfield.

Finckh, E. V., 13 Wharf Rd., Snail’s Bay.

Fisk, William James, 18 Moore St., Campsie.

Fitzhardinge, Miss Julie G., 19 Beecroft Rd., Pennant Hills.

Fleming, Mr. A., 30 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Ford, Robert Paul, Athol Flats, Whiting Beach Rd., Mosman.

Francis, John James, 3 Castlereagh St., Sydney.

5S)

Francis, Neville H., 58 McPherson St., Cremorne.

Freame, Mrs. M. E., 33 Mount St., Seaholme, Victoria.
Friend, Norman Bartlett, 43 Archer St., Chatswood.
Gadsden, E. J., 7 Greenknowe Ave., Potts Point.

Gates, Edward Roy, 98 High St., Willoughby.

Gatliff, Henry Ernest, 82 Raglan St., Mosman.

Garrard, Thomas A., c/o Union Bank of Australia, Bankstown.
Gibson, John Alan, 19 Ruby St., Mosman.

Glauert, L., F.R.Z.S., Western Australian Museum, Perth, W.A.
Gollin, Mrs. B., Flat 65, 4 Macleay St., Potts Point.

Green, R. Rae, 5 Whiting Beach Rd., Mosman.

Hackman, Trevor Ratcliff, 2 Milton Ave., Mosman.

Hall, Miss Nancy Myra, “Lynwood,” 1 Major St., Mosman.
Halolran, Dr. Garnet, 143 Macquarie St., Sydney.

Hardy, Mrs. T. L., 11 Rickard Ave., Mosman.

Hargreaves, Andrew Richardson, 16 Archbold Rd., Roseville.
Harper, A. G., 26 Simpson’s Bay, Bundeena.

Harris, Dr. Clive, 5th Floor, 235 Macquarie St., Sydney.
Hart, Lavington B., 4 Athol Flats, Rickard Ave., Mosman.
Harvey, H., 14 Chestnut Rd., Auburn.

Harvey, Percy Fincham, 7 Pacific St., Clovelly.

Hastings, W. K., 60 Quenton Rd., Manly.

Hayes, D. J., 1 Watkin St., Rockdale.

Heath, Albert Edward, “Strathkyle,’ 19-23 Bligh St., Sydney.
Heath, Gladstone Hodsoll, 3 Thompson St., Clifton Gardens.
Hewitt, Dr. George Henry, Park St., Bellingen, N.S.W.
Heyde, Charles William, 216 Nicholson Pde., Cronulla.
Higgs, A. B., 62 Melton Ave., Mosman.

Hill, A. C. W., 115 Pitt St., Sydney.

Hill, F. T., 12 Zara Rd., Willoughby.

Hill, Miss Jean B., Dalton House, 115 Pitt St., Sydney.
Hindwood, Keith Alfred, Wingello House, Angel Place, Sydney.
Hirst, Edward, Magnet House, 104 Clarence St., Sydney.
Hockings, Arthur Thornton, Box 1761, G.P.O., Sydney.
Hodson, Mrs. Marian Elizabeth, “Burlington,’ Main St., Katoomba.
Hodson, Norman, “Burlington,’ Main St., Katoomba.
Holland, |. F., 76a Ninth Ave., Campsie.

Hooke, Fi. Waldron, 34 Thompson St., Mosman.

Hooke, R. W., 34 Thompson St., Mosman.

Hopkinson, A. R., 1 David St., Mosman.

Hordern, Lady, 21 Thornton St., Darling Point.

Hordern, /\nthony, 21 Thornton St., Darling Point.

Hudson, William Arthur, 40 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.
Hume, Frank, 7 Wunda Rd., Mosman.

Hunt, Reginald Thomas, 14 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.
Inglis, Eric, 82 Gordon St., Paddington.

Jenkinson, Mrs., 326 Victoria Rd., Marrickville.

Jentsch, A. M., 27 Smith St., Manly.

Jervis, T. H., 74 Roseville Ave., Roseville.

Johnson, A. L., 693 Anzac Pde., Maroubra.

Johnson, G. A., 546 George St., Sydney.

Johnston, Claude, 3 Major St., Mosman.

Jones, Albert E., Box 9, P.O., Biggenden, Queensland.

Jones, Sir Charles Lloyd, c/o David Jones Ltd., Sydney.
Jones, Frederick C., 4 Russell St., Woollahra.

Jones, Keith Thomas, 23 Lewis St., Epping.

Jones, Miss Valmai, 14 Middle Head Rd., Mosman.

Judd, Everard, 24 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Kater, Dr. Norman M., 146 Wolseley Rd., Point Piper.
Kay, Mrs. F., 358 Victoria Rd., Marrickville.

Keighley, F. M., Golden Valley, Sutton Forest.

54

Kellner, Stephen, 174 Phillip St., Sydney.

Kelly, Barry, 80 Mintaro Ave., Strathfield.

Kennedy, Miss Grace, 10 Burra Rd., Artarmon.

King, Ambrose, 116 Croydon Rd., Croydon.

Kinghorn, James Roy, Australian Museum, Sydney.

Krug, G., 22 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Langmuir, Ronald J., 26 Strickland St., Rose Bay.

Laseron, C. F., 15 Hill St., Balgowlah.

Lavett, J., C.L.A., 279 George St., Sydney.

Lawson, A. A., Harden Rd., Artarmon.

Lawson, Miss E., 30 Thompson St., Mosman.

Lee, Patrick E., 4 Camden St., Newtown.

Leeds, Richard Alan, Warana, Wyandra, W. Line, Queensland.

Levitt, Miss D. C., 94 Rossmore Ave., Punchbowl.

Levitt, Miss V. C., 94 Rossmore Ave., Punchbowl.

Lewis, George Owen, c/o Tooth & Co., Kent abet Sydney.

Llewelyn, Arthur Stuart, 131 Pitt St., Sydne

Lloyd, Miss ae F., c/o Sister May, Ds Bradley’ s Head Rd., Mosman.

Lough, E. 1 Burrawong Ave., Mosman.

Loveday, a oe 28 Kardinia Rd.,. Clifton Gardens.

Marks, L. W., 34 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.

Marr, Sir Charles, Telegraph Rd., Pymble.

Matthews, Bert, “Petgar,’ West St., Brookvale.

Matthews, P. ae c/o Bank of N. S.W., Head Office, Sydney.

Mathews, R., 730 Prince’s Highway, Sylvania.

Mellor, Walter L., “Stamford,” 437 Forest Rd., Penshurst.

Micholson, Julius ’ Charles, 9 Whiting Beach Bde Mosman.

Miller, Don, Old Northern Rd., Glenorie, N.S.W.

Mills, George Newnham, 14 City Rd., Sydney.

Milne, Mrs. J., 21 Joubert St., Hunter’s Hill.

Moodie, Walter S., 68 Avenue Rd., Mosman.

Moore, Clifton Wolseley, “Kilrea,’ 11 Stuart St., Manly.

Moore, Harold Hamilton, 7 Bushlands Ave., Gordon.

Moore, William Robert, 12 Kywong Ave., Pymble.

Morgan, Frederick E., Snow Elliott Pty. Ltd., 324 Pitt St., Sydney.

Morley, William Arnold, 16 Elfrieda St., Mosman.

Moss, Miss I. R., 16 Kardinia Rd., Clifton Gardens.

Murray, Prof. P. D. F., Challis Professor of Zoology, Dept. of Zoology, The
University of Sydney.

Murray, R. J., 34 Thornley St., Marrickville.

Macculloch, Dr. H. T. C., “Hillcrest,” 76 Boulevard, Lewisham.

Macdonald, A., 11 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

MacKenzie, Mrs. V. J., 17 St. Neots Ave., Potts Point.

Mackillop, F. C., “Cumbrae,” Ellamatta Ave., Mosman.

Mackillop, J. A., F.R.G.S., 7 Clytha House, Thrupp St., Neutral Bay.

McAlpine, D. K., 12 St. Thomas St., Bronte.

McCamley, F., Flat 6, 25 Clarendon Rd., Stanmore.

McDonald, Robert W., 20 Saville St., Gore Hill.

McFadyen, Miss Ella, 1290 Pacific Highway, ‘Turramurra.

McGill, A. R., 119 Wollongong Rd., Arncliffe.

McLauchlan, C. F., Flat 5, 10a Yeo St., Neutral Bay.

McMaster, Sir Frederick Duncan, “Dalkeith,” Cassilis, N.S.W.

McRae, Colin, 1 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

McRae, David Beattie, 1 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.

Nash, Robert L., 2 Lennox St., Mosman.

Neill, Miss F. F., 13 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Nettheim, R. F., 21 Thompson St., Mosman.

Nevill, J. J., 26 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Newth, F. W., 2 Alexander Ave., Mosman.

Noble, Rupert F. S., 5 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Nott, A. A., 38 Muston St., Mosman.

55

Oakes, S., 533 Darling St., Rozelle.

Oatley, P. A., 4 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Oberg, O. D. A., Gardener’s Rd., Mascot.

Orsben, H. J., 43 Bradley's Head Rd., Mosman.

Palmer, L. E., 96 Pitt St., Sydney.

Paterson, J. G., 21 Kardinia Rd., Mosman.

Paton, F. A., 46 Birriga Rd., Bellevue Hill.

Patten, Miss M. K., 27 Rickard Ave., Mosman.

Patten, R. A., P.O. Box 1, Mosman.

Patterson, W., 14 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Pearse, George, 18 Albert St., Bexley.

Pearson, R. B., “Nelgowrie,” Coonamble, N.S.W.

Percy, Dr. C. E., Flat 2, 4 Thompson St., Mosman.

Perkins, R. A., 9 Buena Vista Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Perry, L. J.. 9 Thompson St., Mosman.

Pescott, J. M., 32 Kardinia Rd., Mosman.

Peters, R. E., 2 Simpson St., Mosman.

Phillips, E. A., 68 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Playoust, Maurice, 22 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Plomley, E. M., 10 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Pockley, Dr. Eric, c/o Perpetual Trustee Co., 33 Hunter St., Sydney.
Pointon, Mrs. A., “Yantara,’ St. Elmo St., Mosman.

Pollock, E. F., 7 Carrington Ave., Strathfield.

Ponsford, Mrs. D., “Dandenong,” Bayview Rd., Bayview.
Poolman, N. K., 6 St. Elmo St., Clifton Gardens.

Popplewell, William L., 39 Alice St., Sans Souci.

Powell, F. D., 9 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Purser, Dr. Cecil, “Ascot,” Grosvenor Rd., Wahroonga.
Ramage, V. R., 15 Simpson St., Mosman.

Ramsay, J. S. P., “Kalia,”’ Gale St., Woolwich.

Randall, E. J., 511 Kent St., Sydney.

Raper, L. F., Box 284, P.O., Lismore, N.S.W.

Rapson, A. M., C.S.I.R.O., Division of Fisheries, Cronulla, N.S.W.
Raves, J. V., 18 Burrawong Ave., Mosman.

Raves, V. S., “Craig Athol,” 18 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.
Rayment, Mrs. R. E., 17 Muston St., Mosman.

Read, B., 17 Pine St., North Sydney.

Richardson, H. R., 181 Clarence St., Sydney.

Rigby, A. L., 17 Castlereagh St., Sydney.

Roberts, K. S., 3 Richmond Ave., Cremorne.

Roberts, N. L., 43 Hannah St., Beecroft.

Robertson, S. G., 42 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Rodd, Norman W., 204 Beecroft Rd., Cheltenham.

Ross, Miss J., 5 Stanton Rd., Haberfield.

Roughley, T. C., F.R.Z.S., Fisheries Dept., Chief Secretary’s Dept., Sydney.
Russell, G. E. A., “Archer Russell,” Collaroy, N.S.W.
Sachisthal, N. A., “Charlton” Boys’ Home, Avona Ave., Glebe Point.
Sagar, H., 1 Simpson St., Mosman.

Sampson, Mrs. R., 102 Birrell St., Waverley.

Saunderson, M., Terranora Buildings, 29 Reiby Place, Sydney.
Sayers, E. C., 455 Marrickville Rd., Dulwich Hill.
Scammell, G. V., 7 David St., Clifton Gardens.

Scammell, R. B., “Storrington,” 10 Buena Vista Ave., Clifton Gardens.
Scanlen, A. K. G., 24 Ocean St., Clovelly.

Scott-Sim, Mrs. M. D., 64h Belgrave St., Manly.

Scott, R. I., 10 Kardinia Rd., Clifton Gardens.

Scott, George, 19 Kardinia Rd., Clifton Gardens.

Selby, Mrs. Barbara, 7 Fisher Ave., Vaucluse.

Shaffran, John, 9 St. Elmo St., Mosman.

Shaw, C. Vernon, 61 Concord Rd., Concord.

Shaw, Douglas John, 28 Prince Albert St., Mosman.
Shellshear, Prof. Joseph L., 14 Raymond Rd., Neutral Bay.

56

Shipway, Bruce, “The Hatchery,” Pemberton, W.A.

Shirley, W. L., 41 Clifford Ave., Manly.

Short, P. H., 27 Downey St., Bexley.

Simons, Miss R., Spencer Rd., Killara.

Simpson, W. H., 2 Effingham St., Mosman.

Slater, K. R., 155 Victoria Rd., Bellevue Hill.

Smith, Mrs. A. I., Box 28, Post Office, Auburn .

Smith, Colin Campbell, 46 St. Thomas St., Waverley.

Soady, Miss M. E., c/o Union Trustees, 2 O’Connell St., Sydney.

Spain, I. A. H., 11 Cyprian St., Mosman.

Spears, Frank, 4 Bridge St., Sydney.

Spencer, Jack L., 62 Western Rd., Parramatta.

Stephen, A. E., Box 1158 HH, G.P.O., Sydney.

Stewart, A. D. G., c/o McCarron, Stewart & Co. Pty. Ltd., 22 Goulburn St.,
Sydney.

SB avatt, Prof. James Douglas, 53 Homebush Rd., Strathfield.

Stinson, E. R. D., 8 Prince Albert St., Mosman.

Bee E. A., c/o The Adelaide Steamship Co. Ltd., Box 1535, G.P.O.,
Sydney.

Summerbell, L. M., 8 Burrawong Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Tait, George Edward, “Marchmont,” 35 Moruben Rd., Mosman.

‘Taylor, Dr. Arthur Thornton, 175 Macquarie St., Sydney.

Thomas, Mrs. Dorothy, R.M.B., 128 Nelson Rd., Nelson, via Riverstone,
N.S.W.

Thomas, John, Shell Harbour.

Thomas, Mrs. M. I., “Antheor,” Rickard Ave., Mosman.

Thompson, Charles Kenneth, 20 Denison St., Mayfield, 2N., N.S.W.

Thornley, Miss G., 37 Auburn Rd., Lidcombe.

Thornthwaite, Ormond Robert, 17 Raglan St., Mosman.

Toy, Miss Jane Errol, 235 Ben Boyd Rd., Cremorne.

‘Trebilco, A. E. L., Raymond Ave., Turramurra.

Trebitsch, F., 13 Elfrieda St., Mosman.

Trebitsch, Mrs. M., 13 Elfreida St., Mosman.

Tremlett, Frank C. G., 22 Thompson St., Mosman.

Trenerry, William Leo, c/o Comm. Banking Co. of Sydney, Mosman.

Utz, Gordon Albert, 6 Silex Rd., Mosman.

Vicars, Robert John, Victoria Rd., Marrickville.

Vowles, Arthur George, 44 Martin Place, Sydney.

Voysey, Cedric Ernest, Grange Ave., Marsden Park, via Riverstone.

Walker, A. D., “Tregoyd,” Raglan St., Mosman.

Walters, A. C., 24 Havilah St., Chatswood.

Walters, L., Taronga Park Aquarium, Mosman.

Ward, Miss Betty, 29 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Warren, E. E., Morella Rd., Clifton Gardens.

Waterhouse, John, c/o A.M.P. Society, Pitt St., Sydney.

Webber, L., 6 Grandview Pde., Epping.

Webster, Miss M., 2 Buena Vista Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Webster, R. J., 2 Buena Vista Ave., Clifton Gardens.

Weymark, John N., “Kenilworth,” 26 David St., Mosman.

Wheelwright, A. H., “Rosedale,” Narrawa Private Bag, via Crookwell.

Whitburn, A., 112 Rosebery Ave., Rosebery.

Whitburn, Mrs. D. R., 112 Rosebery Ave., Rosebery.

White, Mrs. Adrian, 28 Thompson St., Mosman.

Whitley, P. N., 43 The Crescent, Mosman.

Williams, Amos E., Wyoming, Berridale, N.S.W .

Willows, Alan G., 37 Mutch Ave., Kyeemagh, via Rockdale.

Wills, J. R., 4 Rose Bank Ave., Epping.

Winkel, A: E., 15 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Winter-Irving, Mrs. A., 22 Wolseley Rd., Point Piper.

Wiseman, William A., 10 Effingham St., Mosman.

Wood, J. R., 93 Brighton St., Croydon.

ie

Wood, Harold, 54 Abbotsford Pde., Abbotsford.

Woolf, Mr. R. K., Cross Keys Hotel, Maitland Rd., ‘Tighes Hill, Newcastle.
Worrell, E. F. A., Ocean Beach Aquarium, Umina, Woy Woy, N.S.W.
Zeck, Mrs. E. H., 694 Victoria Rd., Ryde.

Zylstra, J. W., Bethungra.

HONORARY ASSOCIATE MEMBERS:

Chisholm, Alex H., F.R.Z.S., c/o Angus & Robertson Ltd., 89 Castlereagh
St., Sydney.
Malloch, J. R., 5635 Nth. 8th St., Arlington, Va., U.S.A.

LIFE ASSOCIATE MEMBERS:

Chadwick, C. E., Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Sydney.

Colliver, F. S., c/o Geological Dept., University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Queensland.

Director, Dominion Museum, Wellington, N.Z.

Hardy, G. H. H., “The Gardens,” Letitia St., Katoomba.

Hill, Gerald F., Durraa, P.O., Benandarah, South Coast, N.S.W.

Hopkinson, Dr. Emilius, C.M.G., Balcombe, Sussex, England.

Houison, J. K. S., 274 Church St., Parramatta.

Johnston, P. R., 15 Fairfax Rd., Mosman.

Morrison, Philip Crosbie, M.Sc., 9 Maroona Rd., Brighton, $.5, Victoria.

Moss-Robinson, Leslie H., “Exon Vale,’ Narara, N.S.W.

Palmer, J., 82 Bridge Rd., Glebe.

Sears, Miss C., c/o Bank of N.S.W., cnr. King and George Sts., Sydney.

Thackway, A. E. J., “Wyoming,” Albyn Rd., Strathfield.

Thom, Leslie Alexander, 124 Belmore Rd., Hurstville.

Thomas, Andrew David, 216 Darebin St., Heidelberg, N.22, Victoria.

Wilkinson, John Wrixon, 24 William St., Mascot.

Wililams, Godfrey Herbert, Aberpergwyn, South Wales, Great Britain.

Wright, Phillip A., Wallamunbi, Armidale, N.S.W.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS:

Aguilar, Miss Grace, Box 2920, G.P.O., Sydney.

Barnett, G. W., 32 Shelley St., Campsie.

Barrett, Charles, “Maralena,” Maysbury Ave., Elsternwick, Victoria.
Boardman, W., Zoology Dept., University of Melbourne, Carlton, N.3, Vic.
Bold, A., 12 Carlton St., Carlton, Victoria.

Border, A. J., Box 1839K, G.P.O., Sydney.

Bouchier, Mrs. Bertha, 191 Nicholson Pde., Cronulla.

Boulton, E. C., 26 Enmore Rd., Newtown.

Brandon, Miss G. Hargren, Collins Rd., St. Ives.

Brodie, Mrs., 15 Botany Rd., Bondi Junction.

Brookes, Albert E., 178 Balmoral Rd., Mt. Eden, $2, Auckland, N.Z.
Brown, Dr. A. Graham, Colac, Victoria.

Brown, J. M., 73 Wells St., Newtown.

Browne, Mrs. R. B., 113 Pacific Highway, Hornsby.

Burgh, Mrs. Ada May, 42 Warialda St., West Kogarah.

Butters, Miss Elizabeth, 28 Toxteth St., Glebe.

Cardwell, Mrs. M., 102 Birrell St., Bondi Junction.

Carter, Alan Norval, Box 2, “St. Ronan,’ 10 Berkeley St., Hawthorn, Vic.
Cleland, Prof. J. Burton, 1 Dashwood Rd., Beaumont, Adelaide, S.A.
Clewett, J. W., Elwin St., Peakhurst.

Colefax, Alan, Dept. of Zoology, University of Sydney.

Cotton, Bernard C., Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, S.A.
D’Ombrain, Athel F., 9 Park St., Lorn, Maitland, N.S.W.

Dume, Leslie A., 2 Churchill Ave., Strathfield.

English, Miss Kathleen M. I., 2 Shirley Rd., Roseville.

58

Fell, Mrs. W., 80 Newton Rd., Strathfield.

Fell, Mr. W., 80 Newton Rd., Strathfield.

Forbes, Dr. Arthur Duncan, Nyngan, N.S.W .

Fraser, A. J., Chief Inspector of Fisheries, Fisheries Dept., Perth, W.A.

Gadsden, Mrs. E. J., 7 Greenknowe Ave., Potts Point.

Galley, Ronald Mitchell, c/o Scottish Union & National Insurance Co.,
11 Hamilton St., Sydney.

Gannon, Mrs. G. R., “Bushlands,” Livingstone Ave., Pymble.

Gannon, Gilbert Roscoe, “Bushlands,” Livingstone Ave., Pymble.

Goldsmith, Mrs., 1 Garden Ave., Harbord.

Goodman, C. W., 127 Pyrmont St., Pyrmont.

Graham, David H., 28 White Line East, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.

Halstead, Dr. Bruce W., Dept. of Medical Zoology, School of Tropical and
Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda, Calif., U.S.A.

Hanger, Mr. L., 15 Hawkins St., Marrickville.

Henderson, George, 141 Miller St., North Sydney.

Henderson, Mrs. Kathleen, 141 Miller St., North Sydney.

Herriot, S. T., c/o 15 Robinson St., Kogarah.

Holmes, Alex, 24 Attunga St., Bellevue Hill.

Hoskin, E., Flat 1, 253 Pacific Highway, North Sydney.

Jackson, Mrs. E .J., 282 Anzac Pde., Kensington.

Jackson, Edward John, 727 George St., Sydney.

Jones, Robert G. M., 129 Queen St., Woollahra.

Keats, Mrs. J. E., 5 Hunter Rd., Mosman.

Kennedy, Colin, 24 Richmond Ave., Cremorne.

Kershaw, R. C., “Manorama,” Clarence Point, West Tamar, Tasmania.

Kerslake, Mrs. J., 29 Nundah St., Lane Cove.

Ketley, H. J., 14 Robian St., Croydon.

Kitchen, Mr. G., 7 Castle St., Blakehurst.

Laseron, John, 15 Hill St., Balgowlah.

Leggett, Miss Maude W., Stanley, N.W. Tasmania.

Leithhead, D., 174 Derby St., Penrith.

Le Souef, J. C., Kyabram Cordial Co., Kyabram, Victoria.

Lovett, Margaret Darnill, 90 French St., Maroubra.

Lowe, Mrs. Norman E., 56 Bradley’s Head Rd., Mosman.

Mackay, Roy David, 90 French St., Maroubra.

Macknight, K. H., 10 O’Connell St., Sydney.

MacLean, Miss C., 23 Wolseley Gardens, Point Piper.

MacNamara, John, 46 Alt St., Ashfield.

McDougall, William Alexander, Dept. of Agriculture and Stock, Brisbane,
Queensland.

McKie, Thomas, R.M. 220, Braidwood Rd., Goulburn.

McNeill, Frank A., Australian Museum, College St., Sydney.

McSwiggan, Thomas James, 50 Railway Pde., Penshurst.

Maher, S., 48 Sir Joseph Banks Rd., Bankstown.

Mann, John S., Biological Section, Lands Dept., Sherwood, Brisbane, Qld.

Marshall, John M. J., 27 Paul St., Waverley.

Matheson, H. W., cnr. Lothian St., Annersley S.B., Brisbane, Queensland.

Merrett, Albert William, 67 Castlereagh St., Sydney.

Mills, G. W., 3 Denman St., Hurstville.

Mutton, F., 16 Empress St., Hurstville.

Nicholson, E., 116 Bacon St., Grafton.

Nicol, A., 70 Salisbury Rd., Rose Bay.

Nubling, Erwin, 34 Plummer Rd., Mentone, Victoria.

Oberg, Miss Gwenell, 33 Dudley St., Dobroyd Point, Haberfield.

Oliver, Dr. W. RB. B., 26 Ventnor St., Seatoun, Wellington, E.5, N.Z.

Oliver, A. W., c/o Union Bank, Sydney.

Paul, Hector George, c/o H. Jockel, Matthews Chambers, The Corso, Manly.

Pearce, Alan Lindsay, Menangle St., Picton, N.S.W.

Pennell, Albert, Arcadia St., Penshurst.

Rayment, Tarlton, “Bow-worrung,” Bath St., Sandringham, Victoria.

59

Ridley, D. M., 78 Innes Rd., Balgowlah.

Robbins, D., 50 Dennis St., Lakemba.

Roberts, J. E., 35 Shaftesbury Ave., Burwood.

Robinson, Angus Hargreaves, “Yanjettee,’ Coolup, West Australia.

Rutland, Mrs. K., 19 Riley St., North Sydney.

Sampson, R., 102 Birrell St., Waverley.

Seaward, William Trotman, “Myala,’ Scone, N.S.W.

Seward, N. H., Pty. Ltd., 457 Bourke St., Melbourne, Victoria.

Shand, R. T., 20 Lynwood Ave., Killara.

Sharland, Michael S. R., 141 “Melrose,” Hampden Rd., Hobart, Tasmania.

Sharp, J. H., 1 Moore St., Campsie.

Sheldrick, K. G., 3 Keeyuga Rd., Huntley’s Point, Gladesville.

Stowar, A., 8 Chisholm St., Auburn.

Swann, Mrs. R. G., 285 Livingstone Rd., Marrickville.

Swann, R. G., 285 Livingstone Rd., Marrickville.

Thomas, I. M., Dept. of Zoology, University, Adelaide, S.A.

Turnidge, Frederick, c/o Bank of N.S.W., 47 Berkeley Square, London.

Vance, J. L., 4 Rawson St., Mosman.

Waite Agricultural Institute, University of Adelaide. Private Mail Bag,
Adelaide, S.A.

Walker, T., 4 Parnell St., Strathfield.

Ward, P. H., c/o “Hillcrest,” Quirk St., Dee Why.

Warr, H., 33 Minnesota Ave., Five Dock.

Wee Ding, Rev. Benjamin J., 5 York St., Henley Beach, S.A.

Weymouth, Miss L., 23 Forsyth St., Killara.

Wood, W. J., 61 Milson Rd., Cremorne.

Woodlands, Harold, Box 989H, G.P.O., Adelaide, S.A.

Woods, S. W., 17 Antwerp St., Bankstown.

Zoological Board of Victoria, Royal Park, Parkville, Melbourne, N.2.

JUNIOR MEMBERS:

Anderson, Master K., 46 Wardell Rd., Petersham. |
Burgh, Master Philip Henry, 42 Warialda St., West Kogarah.
Burgh, Miss Robin May, 42 Warialda St., West Kogarah.
Catts, Master Peter, c/o Mrs. Kay, 358 Victoria Rd., Marrickville.
Clark, Master Colin James, 10 Hannam St., Arncliffe.
Crough, Master Victor Joseph, 30 Sibbick St., Five Dock.
Gore, Master John J., lla Warren Rd., Marrickville.
Hamblion, Miss D., 16 Flinders Rd., Earlwood.

Hangar, Master W., 15 Hawkins St., Marrickville.

Harvey, Master Brian, 7 Pacific St., Clovelly.

Kaltenbach, Miss D., 188 Morrison Rd., Ryde.

Keats, Master Michael, 5 Hunter Rd., Mosman.

Nicoll, Master L. W., 3 School Pde., Marrickville.

Nolan, Master Raymond J., 32 Cuthbert St., Waverley.
Perry, Master J., 46 Francis St., Bondi.

Price, Master Henry, 119 Kent St., Sydney.

Roberts, Master C., 25 Henson St., Marrickville.

Roberts, Master Edward T., 75 Wellington St., Arncliffe.
Roberts, Master Trevor James, 51 Shellharbour Rd., Port Kembla.
Robertson, Master John, 14 Broun St., Waverley.
Robinson, Master Bryan, 558 Cullens Rd., Punchbowl.
Wood, Miss Janet Ferguson, 40 Trevellyan St., Cronulla.

Members are requested to inform the Honorary Secretary of any change

of addres:.

EXCELSIS PRESS, WINGELLO HOUSE, ANGEL PLACE, SYDNEY. BW 7270

60

ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
MEMBERSHIP.

(The Society’s year commences on Ist July)
Fees commencing lst July, 1952, as follows:

Class Amount of Subscription
Demperiee WCNC 80s... ke eee Sse a Jesse £1 1 Operannum
ema WARS ADOL 6 5 es tree eee Mae Fe. 26-0 =

_ (Members joining after Ist January in any year pay

one-half subscription.)
Pe Associate. Member (5 nek te £7 10 OQOinone sum
IES ae ks Ste aa ak £15 15 O es

Ipoporary Member. 2-6 ns ened peat ete Elected for services to

1
Honorary Associate Member Re Pg oe eee cee at

; to the Society
Junior Members ef #8 aes Re eee ere eran ae 5- O perannum

TITLEs.
(Conferred by the Council)

For valuable services

SUR eee re ba BF. A nee ee to the Society or to
Australian Zoology
Associate Benefactor... For edt of £100 to the Society’s funds
Benemtetor .< ae = »» E00" 5535 < =
Endowment Member ...... 3 ss £1,000 aes, = ns
. PRIVILEGES.

Members of all classes may attend all meetings of the Society and its
various Sections. Every member (other than an Associate or Life Associate
member) receives a free pass to Taronga Zoological Park and Aquarium, and
twelve tickets each year, admitting 12 adults or 24 children to the Park only.

APPLICATION FoR MEMBERSHIP

should be addressed to the Honorary Secretary, Royal Zoological Society of
New South Wales, 28 Martin Epc, Sydney.

PUBLICATIONS

_ “The Australian Zoologist”
A Journal containing papers relating to the Zoology of Australia.
_ Published at irregular intervals. Subscription to ordinary members elected
prior to Ist July, 1933, ls. per annum; ordinary members elected afte
30th June 1933, and all associate members, 2s. 6d. per annum.

Price
Vol. No. Parts Date Pages Plates ae)

S.
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pag tl 4 1921-22 172 45 12 6
Ill 8 1922-25 362 41 1 0 0
IV 6 1925-27 362 49 4 =O
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VI 4 1929-31 394 32 1 0 0
vil 5 1931-33 398 23 bop 20
Vill 4 1934-37 346 19° 17 6
IX 4 1937-40 454 38 1 0 0
Xx 3 1941-44 334 20 1 0;. 70
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application to the Honorary Secretary.

ITUTION LIBRARIE

il i } a

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PUBLICATIONS (continued )
PROCEEDINGS

Published annually since 1933-34. Price, ls. per annum; 3s. per annum
from 1951- 92. Free to all members and associates.

Index to Special Articles in the Proceedings, 1933-43, éd., See free.

AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGICAL HanpBOOoKS AND SPECIAL Pee

“Australian Insects”, by Keith C. McKeown, F.R.Z.S., 300 pp., and
over 400 illustrations. Second edition (revised). Price, 12s. 6d. Plus~
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and A. F. Basset Hull. 168-+xiii pp., 21 plates and portrait. Price, 5S." 4 nae
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“Bibliography of Australian Entomology, 1775-1930”, by Anthony"
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CONTENTS
Page

Seventy-sécond ‘Annual Report’) 0) ny ee ee Bi ie
Officers forthe ‘Year 21952-5379. 9c 5 Sas Cia ee eee Oe ee Ya
Revenue | Account?)=¢2..00 2p yeh. Ae Ce Oo ae
Balance » Sheet is. 52 9? ae Ge cee ee tee Eada ii pit Misi chaos hs RAD tia
Obituaries ek eae a RE oe ee Ty
Reports of -Sections ° 3)" 445 2 a ee ee ee ee 12
Syllabus of Sectional Meetings 0.00 0) a ao ent [oe
Papers: Oh. ae

The Australian Crocodiles, by 5, Worrell 3. ie a eee 18224 A

Figures of Some Australian Fish Types, by G. P. Whitley nish cones

A Wanderer in Wax, by T. Rayment oe “Se oe
The Marine Zoologist [Special Supplement] 2.00 20.0 oe. ee ae 86%

Outlines, ‘by dh. Woollacott:.2 oo. SA eS teers ee “are af

A Shell that Builds a House, by C. F. and J. Laseron ...... _..... ne 39 2.

Notes on Some Siphonariidae, by D. McAlpine 2.00 2... yous 40

A Néw Thais found on a log at Port Stephens, by G. Thornley on 43

Cominella eburnea Reeve, by R. Swan ... .... fa CTD a canes coe 45 ~.

A. Visit. :to’“Port -Stephens;~ by 4s ) Gareard 9h aot ee 2 46 ,

Dulcerana versigranulata Iredale, by N. Jackson 00.0 i ce cue 46

Social Notes 5) 4 ean BERN e eater TE OR eine oo 8 oe AT:
Book. Reviews (0 2201S) Re oe es cs ee ge re or gee ARES
List. .of. Members), ts." jotta dite! Oe Wee > Oe ere 50 :