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LIBRARY

OF THE

MASSACHUSETTS

AGRICULTURAL

COLLEGE

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DATE DUE 1

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

SB

354
A47

V.13
1871

>««r*

AMERICAN POMOLOGIGAL SOCIETY.

r3J^£}:r JF THF a:.'£R!':a?^ f'j^jl cr--

PEOCEEDINaS

OF THE

THIRTEENTH SESSION

OF THE

''^'*^>'''

HELD IN THE CITY OF

RICHMOI^D, A^iRaiisriA.,

SEPTEMBER G, 7 & 8, 1871.

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY.

CLEVELAND, OHIO.

FAIRBANKS, BENEDICT & CO., PRINTERS, BANK STREET.

18 7 1.

I'Bll

wmr'^ OF

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

CIRCULAR

In conformity with a resolution adopted at the last meeting of this National Association, the
undersigned hereby give notice, that its Thirteenth Session will be held in Assembly Hall, Eighth Street,
between Grace and Franklin Streets, in the City of Eichmond, Virginia, on the sixth, seventh and eighth
days of September, 1871. All Horticultural, Pomological, Agricultural, and other kindred institutions
in the United States and British Provinces, are invited to send delegations, as large as they may
deem expedient; and all other persons interested in the cultivation of fruits are invited to be present and
take seats in the Convention.

The coming session promises to be especially interesting, held, as it will be, in conjunction with the
exhibition of the Virginia Pomological and Horticultural Society, and at a great central point, farther
South than any previous session of the institution. This meeting will, therefore, it is believed, be one
of the most useful, in a national point of view, that has ever been held by the Society, thus affording an
opportunity not only to examine the fruits of the South, in comparison with those of the North, the
West and of the Pacific Slope, which it is expected will be freely contributed,. but also to foster and
perpetuate the amicable and social relations which have heretofore existed between the members of the
Society, and to widely diffuse the result of its deliberations, for the benefit of our constantly expanding
territory.

The climate of Virginia and adjacent States is believed to be admirably adapted to the culture of
fruits, esi^ecially the pear, the grape and the strawberry. It is, therefore, hoped that there will be a full
attendance of delegates from the South and the West, as well as from other quarters of our country,
thereby stimulating more extensive cultivation, upon which the North are so largely dependent for early
su])plies, thus, also, by the concentrated information and experience of cultivators, to aid the Society in
completing the Second Division of its Catalogue of Fruits, being that part which pertains especially to
the Southern States. This will be one of" the prominent subjects which will come before the Society,
and we, therefore, respectfully invite the various State and local Committees to report to P. Baert,
Chairman of the General Fruit Committee, agreeably to the constitution of the Society, such informa-
tion and lists of fruits as may aid in determining what varieties are best adapted to their several
localities. These reports should be transmitted by mail to F. K, Elliott, Secretary, Cleveland. Ohio, as
early as possible.

Arrangements have been made with the various I'ailroad companies tei'minating in Eichmond, to
return all members and others free of charge, who have paid full fare in coming, and who exhibit

6 CIRCULAK.

certificates of the Treasurer Uiat they have attended tlie sessions of the Society. Similar arrangements
can nndoubtcdly be made by tlie Yimous delegations, with roads in their localities.

Members and delegates are requested to contribute specimens of the fruits of their rcspectire
districts, and to communicate in regard to them whatever may aid in promoting (he objects of the
Society and the science of American Pomology. Each contributor is recpiested to jirtpafe a complete
list of his collection, and to ]>resent the same with his fruits, that a rii)ort of all the varieties entered
may be submitted to the meeting as soon as practicable.

Packages of fruits, with the name of the contributor, may be adtlressed as follows: "American
PojiOLOfiiCAL Society," care of 11. K. Elly.son, Secretary Virginia Horticultural and Poniological
Society, Richmond, Va.

All persons desirous of becoming members can remit the admission fee to TnoMAS P. James, Esq.,
Treasurer, Philadelphia, who will furnish them with Transactions of the Society. Life Membership,
Ten Dollars; Biennial, Two Dollars.

MARSHALL P. WTT,DER, PuEsmEXT,

Boston, Mass.

F. R. ELLIOTT, Secretary,

Cleveland, Ohio.

Although not heretofore a feature of the Society, voluntary offerings of individuals
for Premiums came forward, and the following circular was added to the circular
calling the meeting of the Society :

PRIilJSIIXJMS,

To be awarded at the Meetimj of the American Poniological Society, in Richmond, Va., Sept. 6 to S, 1871.

The following premiums are subject to the general rule of restriction, where objects are not deemed
worthy of the same. All fruits must be grown by the exhibiter.

The Virginia Poniological and Horticultural Society, lor sundries, otfer One Hundred and Fifty
Dollars.

The Virginia State Agricultural Society oH'er One lliuulird Dollars for the best collection of fruit,
embracing Apjiles, Pears, Peaches and (jlrai)es.

Eilwanger & Bariy, of Rochester, Xew York, offer Fifty Dollars for the largest and best collection
of Apples, not less than fifty varieties, three specimens of each.

Marshall P. Wilder, of Boston, Jfass.. offers Fifty Dollars for the largest and best collection of Pears,
not less than fifty varieties, three specimens each.

Charles Downing, of Xewburgh, New York, oflers Fifty Dollars for the largest and best collection
of American Graiies, not less than twenty varieties, three bunches each.

Thomas P. James, of Philadelphia, Pa., offers Thirty Dollars for the largest and liest collection
of Peaches, not less than ten varieties, of six s])ecimens each.

General R. L. Page, Norfolk, Va.. oflers Ten Dollars or a Medal for best half bushel of the Flowers
Grape.

G. F. B. Leightou. Norfolk, Va., offers Twenty Dollars or a Medal, at the disposition of the
American Poniological Society.

('. D. Barbot, Norfolk. Va., offers Twenty Dollai's or a Medal for best dozen bottles of Scuppernong
Wine.

CIKOULAK. 7

L. Berkley, Norfolk, Va., offers Ten Dollars or a Medal for best dozen bottles of the Flowers Grape
AVine.

W. 11. C. Lovett, Norfolk, Va., oilers Ten Dollars or a Medal for best Dried Figs— cured within the
territory of the Society.

Hon. Jno. B. Whitelu'ad, Norfolk, Va., offers Twenty Dollars or a- Medal for best half bushel of
Seupperuong (J rapes.

"W. S. Butt, Norfolk, Va., Two Premiums of Five Dollars each or Medals — one for best Figs; the
other at the disposal of the Society.

By H. M. Smith, Richmond, Va., Ten Dollars or a Medal for the best half bushel of Cider Apples.

By Downward, Anderson & Co., of Richmond, Va., Ten Dollars or a Medal for the best twelve
bunches of Norton Grapes.

By Chas. T. AVorthani \' Co., of Richmond, Va., Ten Dollars or a Medal for best twelve bunches of
' Delaware Grapes.

By 8. Zetelle, of Richmond, Va., Five Dollars or a Meilal for best twelve specimens of Peaches.

By Messrs. Rudolph & English, of Richinoiul, Va., P"'ive Dollars, at the disposal of the Society.

By Southern Fertilizer Co., Twenty Dollars, at the disposal of the Society.

By Messrs. Walker, Evans & Cogswell, Charleston, S. C, one year's subscrij)tion to the Riintl
Carolinian for each of the following: 1. The best show of Apples, not less than ten varieties, grown
south of Virginia, 'i. The best show of Yellow Horse Apples. 3. The best show of Meigs Apples.
4. The best show of Buff Apples. 5. The best show of Batcheler Apples. 6. The best show of Nick-
ajack Apples. 7. The best show of Chestatee Apples. 8. The best show of late Peaches, grown south
of Virginia. 9. The best show of Ilebe Pears. 10. The best show of Louis Bonne de Jersey Pears.
11. The best show of Bartlett Pears. 13. The best show of Duchesse d'Angouleme Pears. 13. The best
show of Seckel Pears. 14. The best collection of Figs, not less than six varieties. 15. The best box of
Dried Figs, cured in the South. 10. The best plate of Celestial or Sugar Figs. 17. The best plate
of Pomegranates. 18. The best show of Running Mangoes, {Sechium edulis.) 19. The best jar of
Pickled Olives, grown and prepared in the South. 20. The best new Seedling Grape, originated in the
South, and not before exhibited. (See Rural Carolinian for August.)

J. S. Downer & Sons, of Fairview, Todd Co., Ky., offer Twenty-five Dollars for the best Apple for
general cultivation in Kentucky.

Smith. Clark & l\)well, Syracuse, New York, offer Ten Dollars for the best late "Winter Pear,
character and productiveness to be considered, as well as the keeping (piality of the fruit.

Smith, Clark & Powell offer Ten Dollars for the best ten varieties of Pears, three specimens each.

D. D. T. Moore, of Mural New Yorker, offers Ten Dollars for the best ten varieties of Apples for
general cultivation.

The above Figs, Grajies and Wines, entered for premiums, to be the property of the Society, for the
use of those members residing in those localities where they are not grown.

The whole amount of preniinms, general and special, offered by societies and individuals in Virginia,
has been generously placed by them at the disposal of the American Pomological Society.

OFi^ICERS

OF THE

AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

President.
Hon. MAKSHALL PINCKNEY WILDER...

. Massachusetts.

Vice-Presidents,

Alabama C. C. Lang DON Mobile.

Arkansas S. J. Matthews Monticello.

Arizona A. P. R. Spapford Tucson.

California Dr. J. S. Curtiss Sacramento.

Colorado X. C. Meeker Greeley.

Connecticut . . . . F. Trowbridge Milford.

Dakota John A. Burbank Yankton.

Delaware Fdward Tatnaix Wilmington.

Disi. Columbia. .William Saunders Washington.

Florida Lucrns J. H.\edee Jacksonville.

Georgia William Schley Savannah.

Idaho M. Sterling Oro Dell.

Illinois Arthur Bryant, Sr. . . .Princeton.

Indiana I. D. G. Nelson Fort Wayne.

Indian Territ'ry,

Iowa James Smith Des Moines.

Kansas J. Statman Leavenworth.

Kentucky J. S. DowNKR Fairview.

Louisiana Richard H. Day Baton Rouge.

Maine S. L. Goodale Saco.

Maryland W. D. Breckenridgb Govanstown.

Massachusetts. .C. M. Hovey Boston.

Michigan Samuel J.\C'KS0N Burton Harbor.

Minnesota D. A. Robertson St. Paul.

Mississippi W. B. Wilkes Aberdeen.

Missouri C. W. Spaulding St. Louis.

Montana ...

Nebraska

Nevada

New Brunswick,

New York

N'w Hampshire
New Jersey. . . .
New Mexico. . . .
North Carolina.
Nova Scotia. . . .

Ohio

Ontario

Oregon

Pennsylvania . .

Quebec

Rhode Island.. ,
South Carolina.,

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Washington ... .
West Virginia. .

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Vermont

Virginia

.Nicholas Waugh.

.R. W. Furnas Brown ville.

L. R. Bradley ('arson City.

,Judge Wilmot Frederickton.

.Charles Downing Newburgh.

Fked'k Smyth Mancliester.

Wm. Parry Cinnamonson.

D. Ruyther.

Walter L. Steele Rockingham.

R. G. Haliburton Halifax.

George W. Campbell.. .Delaware, x^

Charles Arnold Paris.-

SiMEON Francis Salem.

Robert Buist, Sr Philadelphia.

Hugh Allen.

Silas Moore Providence.

A. P. Wylie Chester.

Wm. Heaver Nashville.

N, G. Mills Corsicana.

Wm. Woodrufp Salt Lake City.

Washington Blum Seabeck.

D. Strotheb Martinsburg.

J. C. Plumb Madison.

Judge Carter Carter's Station.

Richard Bradley Brattleboro.

G. F. B. Leighton Norfolk.

Treasurer.

•- THOMAS P. JAMES Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Secretary.

^ F. R. ELLIOTT Cleveland, Ohio.

10

( )FFI('EErt.

Execu.tive Comraittee.

President a.nd Vice-Presidents, ex officio.

J. E. Mitchell Pennsylvania.

Geo. Thcrber New York.

J. F. C. Hyde Massachusetts.

R. W. FuBNAS Nebraska.

P. J. Beuckmaxs Georgia.

Greneral i^^iaiit Cortimittee.

Chairman — P. Barry, Rochester, N. Y.

Alabama R. R. Hinley Talladega.

Arkansas CnAS. A. Strawn Rocky Comfort.

Arizona Warren Foote St. Thomas.

California Dr. John Strentzel. . . .Martinez.

Colorado H. B. Bearce Denver

Connecticut T. S. Gold West Cornwall.

Dakota J. A. Burhank Yankton.

Delaware Edward Tatnall Wilmington.

Dist. Columbia. .JohnSadi Washington.

Florida M. S. Littlefield Jacksonville.

Georgia P. J- Berckmans .\ujrusta.

Idaho T. W. Bennett Boise City.

Illinois O. B. Galusha Morris.

Indiana Dr. Allen Furnas Danville.

Indian Territory,

Iowa Mark Miller Des Moines.

Kansas W.m. M. IIowsley Leavenworth.

Kentucky Z. U. Huqgins Glasgow.

Louisiana' D. Redmond New Orleans.

Maine S. L. (iooDALE Saco.

Maryland R. Halliday Baltimore.

Massachusetts . . Robert Manning Salem.

Michigan A. T. Linderman Grand Rapids.

Minnesota P. A. Jewell Lake City.

Mississippi W. Cunningham Summit.

Missouri Wm. Muir Fox Creek.

Montana Rt. Rev. D. S. Tuttle. . . .Salt Lake City.

Nebraska J. H. Masters Nebraska City.

Nevada John Larcombe Reno.

New Brunswick,

New York Geo. W. Ellwanger. . . .Rochester.

N'w Hamp8hire,JonN Cupp Milton Mill.

New Jersey. ...AS. Fuller Ridgewood.

New Mexico M. Giddings Santa Fe.

North Carolina. .Joshua Lindsley.

Nova Scotia. . . .D. Henry Starr Halifax.

Oliio Dr. J. A. Wardkr Cincinnati.

Ontario D. W. Beadle St, Catherines.

Oiegon \Ni)UKW J. Dufur Portland.

Pennsylvania.. .J. S. HoUGHTON Philadelphia.

Rhode Island.. .J. P. ClIILDs Woonsocket.

South Carolina. D. II. Jacques Charleston.

Tennessee A. Cox Pulaski.

Texas A. S. Lipscomb Montgomery.

Utah J. E. Johnson St. (Jeorge.

Vermont Bartlett Bryant Derby Center.

Virginia Franklin D.^vis Richmond.

Washington ... . Albert Eggkrs Oiympia.

West Virginia. .W. S. Miller Gerrardstown.

Wisconsin O. S. Willey Madison.

Wyoming J. A. Campbell Cheyenne.

Comraittee on ISTative I^'rviits.

p. J. Berckmans Georgia.

Ch.\rles Downing New York.

Robert Manning Massachusetts.

Thomas Meeh.vn Pennsylvania.

Comraittee on

George Ellwanger Rochester, N. Y.

C. M. Hovey Boston, Mass.

Parker Earle South Pass, III.

Dr. John A. Warder Cincinnati, O.

W. C Flagg Illinois.

T. T. QuiNN New Jersey.

Jno. M. Allan Virginia.

Foreign Frnits.

Edwin Hoyt New Canaan, Conn.

J. E. Mitcheli Philadelphia, Pa.

R. R. Huxley Talladega, Ala.

Conrmittee on Synonyms and Rejected Fruits.

J S. Downer Fairview, Ky.

W. C. Barry Rochester, N. Y .

O. S. Willey Madison, Wis.

John J. Thomas Union Springs, N. Y.

John A. Warder Cincinnati, 0.

W. C. Flagg Alton, 111.

Robert Manning Salem, Mass.

Committee on Revision of Catalogne.

President, Ex officio. W. C. Flagg Alton, 111.

P. Barry Rochester, N. Y. Robert Manning Salem, Mass.

F. R. Elliott Cleveland, 0. George Husmann BlufRon, Mo.

Chas. Downing Newburgh, N. Y. P. J. Berckmans Augusta, Ga.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

The following List comprises the names of the Members of the American Pomological Society:

Xjife.

Edwin Allen New Bninswiok. New Jersey

Frank W. Andrew Boston Massachusetts

E. F. Babcock Summertield Illinois

Chas. R. Baker Dorchester Massachusetts

George Bancroft New Torlv New Yorli

Patrick Barry Kochester New York

D. W. Beadle St. Catliavines Canada West

G. M. Beeleb luilianapolis Indiana

Prosper J. Berckmans. -Augusta Georgia

Kader Biggs Norfolk Virginia

Joseph H. Billings VV. Roxbury Massachusetts

B. K. Bliss New York New York

Jos. H. BoiRNE Providence Rhode Island

Henry A. Breed Lynn Massachusetts

Gardner Brewer Boston Massachusetts

John R. Brewer Boston Massachusetts

Alfred Bridgeman New Yoik New York

Francis Brill Newark New Jersey

David D. Buchanan Elizabeth New Jersey

Isaac BrciiANAN New York New York

S. S. Bucklin Boston Massachusetts

Robert Bvist Philadelpliia Pennsylvania

Raphael Bush Peverly Missouri

Charles Butler New York New York

James Calder, D. D Agric'l College-. Pennsylvania

John S. Calkins Brickburg New Jersey

Geo. W. Campbeli Delaware Ohio

Otis C.-iREY Foxboro "Massachusetts

Charles Carpenter. Kelly's Island Ohio

Benj. p. Cheeny Boston Massachusetts

Gardner Ciiilson Manstield Massachusetts

Frederick Clapp Boston Massachusetts

liEMUEL Clapp Boston Massachusetts

Tu addeus Clapp Dorchester Massachusetts

Edmund S. Clark Framingham Massachusetts

Edson H. Clark Newburgh New York

Elizur E. Clark New Haven Connecticut

James W. Clark Framingham — Massachusetts

Asa Clement Dracut Massachusetts

Geo. S. Conover Geneva New Y'ork

N. J. < oleman St. Louis Missouri

R. McCleary' Copeland. Boston Massachusetts

Robert Cornelius Philadelphia Pennsylvania

A. Cox Pulaski Tennessee

Jno. a. J. Creswell Elkton Maryland

Ja.mes Cruickshanks Chelsea Mass.achusetts

A. P. Cummings New York New Y'ork

Franklin Davis Richmond Viiginia

Hervey Davis Cambridge Massachusetts

J. C. Bancroft Davis New Hamburgh New York

Arthur F. Dexter Providence Rhode Island

Geo. M. Dexter Boston Massachusetts

Robert Douglass Waukegan Illinois

J. S. Downer Elkton Kentucky

Charles Downing Newburgh New York

W. S. Dt nham New York New York

Nathan Durfee Fall River Massachusetts

Edward Earl Worcester Massachusetts

P.\RKER Earle South Pass Illinois

Geo Ellw.\nger Rochester New York

Charles Ely West Springtield JIis.souri

Henry M. Engle Marietta Pennsylvania

Hiram Engle Marietta Pennsylvania

John K. Esuleman, M. D-Downingtown Pennsylvania

Arthur W. Felton West Newton-.- Massachusetts

John Fisher Batavia New York

W. C. Flacjg Alton Illinois

T. S. Force Newburgh New York

C. Gilbert Fowler Newburgh New York

Jacob Frantz Lemon Place Pennsylvania

Jonathan French Roxbury Massachusetts

Isaac H. Frothingham -Boston Massachusetts

Andrew S. Fuller Ridgewood New Jersey

R. W. Furnas Biownville Nebraska

Addlsdn Gage Boston Massachusetts

E. B. Gardette, M. D Philadelphia Pennsylvania

Henry J. Gardner Boston Mas.'achusetts

Charles Gibb Montreal Canada

12

LIST OF MEMBERS.

J. E. M. GiLLEY Boston Massachusetts

T. S. Gold West Cornwiill Connecticut

S. S. Graves Geneva New York

William Griffith North East Pennsylvania

T. W. GlY Sulphur Springs Missouri

O. D. Hadwen Worcester Massachusetts

Johns. Haines Germantown — Pennsj'lvauia

Benj. B. Hance Red Bank New Jersey

Edward Harries Buftalo New York

Thomas M. Harvev AVest Grove rennsylvania

J. AV. Helmer Lockport New York

Wm. JIerdman Eaton Ohio

Geo. Hoadley Cincinnati Ohio

Thomas Hogg New York New York

E. S. Holmes Grarul Kapids Michigan

Warren Holton llaniiUon Canada

C. M. HoVEV Boston Massachusetts

John J. Howe .-.Birmingham Connecticut

John M. Hunter Ashley Illinois

TiNSLEY Jeter Bethlehem I'ennsylvania

James Jones Leipcrvillc Penn.sylvania

Joseph U . K knt K usscllville Pennsylvania

Samlel C. Kent Bichmond Virginia

John H. King Washington -.District Columhia

J. Kno.'s Pittsburg Pennsylvania

K . 15. KoEN Mempliis Tennessee

H.\kt.man Kiiin I'hiladeliihia I'ennsylvania

C. C. Lang DON Mobile .Vlabama

WiLi.i.'V.M Eanvton New Kochelle New York

A. M. Lawver Galena Illinois

G. F. B. Leighton Norfolk Virginia

Henry Little Bangor Maine

T. T. LvoN Plymouth Michigan

James M. Lyons 'I'erre Haute Indiana

David Maci-erron .Vlleghany City.. Pennsylvania

William B. Mann Sharon :Massaehuseits

Robert Manning Salem Massachusetts

James H. Masters Nebraska City Nebraska

F. K. Miller Sugar (; rove Pennsylvania

W. H. Mills Hamilton — Canada

J. E. Mitchell I'liil.idclphia Pennsylvania

J. M. McCullock ( incinnati Ohio

Silas Moore Providence Khode Island

Henry T. Mudd St. Louis ..Missouri

D. O. MVNSON Fall's Church Virginia

J. D. G. Nelson Fort Wayne Indiana

J. S. Newjian Sparta Georgia

Samuel W. Noble Jenkintown Pennsylvania

J. G. Orton, M. D .... Bingham i>lon New York

Charles Osborne N. Va.'Jsalboro Maine

Joel Parker Cambridge Massachusetts

William Parry Cinnaminson New Jersey

R. B. Parsons Flushing, L. I New York

James M. Paul North Adams Massachusetts

Samuel R. Payson Boston Massachusetts

Edward D. Pearce Providence Rhode Island

John M. Pearson Godfrey Illinois

Samuel F. Perley Naples Maine

Jonathan Periam Champaign Illinois

R. Peters Atlanta Georgia

F. K. Phcenix Bloomington Illinois

William A. Pile St. Louis Missouri

J. Pickering Putnam ... Boston Massachusetts

P. T. Quinn New York New York

James A. Requia Amenia New York

I. D. Richardson Buckeyetown Maryland

E. A. RiEliL Alton Illinois

William Saunders Washington.. District Columbia

W. Scarborough Cinciiuiati Ohio

David A. Scott Newbnrgh New York

Edward C. Selover Auburn New York

B.Smith Cuba Missouri

Benj. G. Smith Cambridge Massachusetts

Wm. Brown Smith Syracuse New York

Wm. Eliot S.mith Alton Illinois

BuYCK Stewart Clarksvillc Tennessee

Henry L. Stew.^rt Middle Iladilam Connecticut

Wing R. S.mith Syracuse New York

Robert W. Starr Coruwallis Nova Scotia

C. W. Spalding, M. D — St. Louis Missouri

J. (<. Stephens Booneville Missouri

JosiAii Stickney Watertown Massachusetts

J. M. Stone Calhoun Station Mississippi

Howard Swineford Richmond Virginia

Edm- a rd p. Taft Providence Rhode Island

Thomas Talbot Hillerica Massachsetts

E D w a rd Tatn a ll \V ilmington Delaware

Dr. Tiio:«as Taylor Washington.. District Columbia

.Joseph O. T a ylor Newport Kentucky

John T. 'J'e.mpi.e Davenport Iowa

J J. Tiio.MAS Union Springs New York

Geo. Thurber New York New York

Wii.LiA.M B. TowNE Boston Massachusetts

B. C. TowNSEND New York New York

F. Trowbridge Milford Connecticut

Geo. R. I'nderhill Locust Valley New York

Jacob VanGelder Saugerties New York

J. A. Warder, M. D Cincinnati Ohio

D. B. Weir Lacon Illinois

Aaron D. Wild Boston Massachusetts

Jesse M. Wellborn Covington Georgia

Leander Wkthereli Boston Massachusetts

Joseph \. Whelan Montgomery New York

John B. Whitehead Norfolk Virginia

CiiAS. O. WiiiTMORE Boston Massachusetts

John Wieland Farmersville Ohio

Edward B. Wilder Dorchester Massachusetts

Marshall P. Wilder — Dorchester Mas.sachusetts

MarsuallP. Wilder, Jr. Dorchester Massachusetts

Aaron D. W^illiams Roxbury Massachusetts

Vf. C. Wilson Baltimore Maryland

O. F. Winchester New Haven Connecticut

John D. Wolfe New York New York

A. Work- New York New York

Dr. a. p. Wylie Chester South Carolina

W. H. Yeomans Columbia Connecticut

J. M. W. Yerrington Boston Massachusetts

James Younglove Bowling Green Kentucky

LIST OF MEMBERS.

i;^

Gkorge AcHELis Westchester Pennsylvania

John M. Allan Eichniond Virginia

Nathaniel A. Bacon — New Haven Connecticut

William C. Barry Bochester New York

William Brocksbank ...Hudson New York

Wji. D. BRECKENRlDGE...Go\versto\Yn Maryland

.I.e. Brosu's Cochransville Pennsylvania

C. D. Brown Center Eidge Kansas

ARTHUR Bryant, Sr Princeton Illinois

E. W. BuswELL Boston Massachusetts

S. E. Ch.^mberlin Waterford Virginia

Isaac C. Chapman Newburgh New York

J. Henry Clark Syracuse New York

Robert S. Corse Baltiniore Maryland

Richard H. Day.- Baton Rouge Louisiana

C. S. DeV\ ITT .- Geneva Now York

John B. Iiillon Indianapolis Indiana

John Dollins Greenwood Virginia

Henry A. Dreer Philadelphia... .Pennsylvania

Charles Dubois Fishkill New York

H. B. Ellwanger Rochester New York

Edvtard J. Evans York Pennsylvania

Dr. J. H. Foster Lancaster South Carolina

J. B. GiLLES, LT. S. N Wilmington Delaware

Chalkley Gillingham -.Acotink Virginia

Lucius A. Hardie Jacksonville Florida

W. F. Heikes Dayton Ohio

D. W. Herstine Philadelphia Pennsylvania

Abner Hoopes West Chester Pennsylvania

JosiAH Hoopes WestChe.ster — Pennsylvania

Stephen Hoyt New Canaan Connecticut

Dr. F. M. Hexamer Newcastle New York

Dr. W. M. Howsley Leavenworth Kansas

W. D. Humphries Newburgh New York

Biennial.

J. p. C. Hyde Boston Massachusetts

Thomas P. James Cambridge Massachusetts

P. A. Jewell Lake City Missouri

Henry B. Jones Brownsburg Virginia

David Leonard Burlington Iowa

A. T. Lindekman Grand Rapids Michigan

Joshua Lindley Greensboro North Carolina

C. B. Lines Topeka Kansas

Jno. D. Long Willianisville New York

J. W. Manning Reading Mass.ichuseits

J. L. McIntosh Cleveland Ohio

John Miller, M. D St. Michaels Maryland

Mark Miller De.«Moines Iowa

Ambrose F. Page Billerica -- Massachusetts

R. L. Page Norfolk Virginia

James Pentland Baltimore Maryland

J. H. Ricketts Newburgh..- New York

John Robertson W ashington - . Dist i ict Columbia

H. R. Robey Fredericksburg Virginia

John Saul Washington . .District Columbia

W. S. SCHAFFER Philadelphia Pennsylvania

William Schley Sav.annah Georgia

J. Snedekkr Jerseyville Illinois

Daniel Smith Newburgh New York

J. Stayman Leavenworth .

James S. Stickney Wauwatosa.. .

W. H. Swan -.Natches

E. W. Sylvester, M. D. ..Lyons

Geo. B. Thomas West Chester .

Isaac P. Trimble, M. D. . . Newark New Jersey

H. C. Williams ...Vienna Virginia

Louis Winter Leuzburg Illinois

Alexander Young Newburgh New York

Kansas

— Wisconsin
. . Mississippi

-. New York
Pennsylvania

PROCElillJIIS^aS

OF THE

American Pomolo^ical Society.

In accordance with the preceding call, members and delegates representing forty,
three States and Territories, and twenty-six associations for the promotion of Horticul-
tural knowledge, assembled in the hall of the Exchange Hotel, at Richmond, Va., on
the morning of the 6th of September, at 9 o'clock, 1871.

The President, Hon. Marshall Pincknet Wilder, of Massachusetts, was intro-
duced to the meeting by Hon. Joel Parker, of Mass., with a few remarks, and, after
taking the chair and calling the Convention to order, introduced John M. Allan, Esq.
President of the Virginia Horticultural and Pomological Society, who addressed the
assembly, and said that no more pleasant duty could have devolved upon him, than
that of welcoming them to Richmond. Two years ago the Society of Virginia Pomolo-
gists had thanked the American Society for the promise to come, and to-day he had to
thank them, in behalf of his Society, for coming here. He was aware of the pressing
business which awaited the attention of the national body thus convened, and it was
not his desire further to detain them than to extend a cordial welcome. He hoped that
their sessions would prove harmonious, prosperous and pleasant, and, again welcoming
his friends from all parts of the countiy, took his seat.

Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, President of the American Pomological Society, then
replied, thanking Mr. Allan for his cordial reception and welcome, and, on behalf of the
Society, accepted it with equal warmth and feeling. He was glad to see so many
representatives of this great country — men from the "Everglades of Florida" to the cold
country of the far North. It was a pleasure to him to be in the midst of such an
assemblage ; and from whatever clime they came, he welcomed them from his heart.
He appreciated the hospitality already shown the American Pomological Society, and
was assured that its sessions would not only prove haftnonious and pleasant, but. when
ended, and each member at his home, he would have something to remember which

16 PROCEEDINGS.

would ever prove agreeable. As there would probably be much more to be said in
this connection, he would not longer detain the regular business of the Society, which
was, first, the appointment of committees for disj)atch of l)usines8, as follows:

On Credentials — AVm. Saunders, of the District of Columbia; John C. Hovey, of Massachusetts,
Henry Ellwanger, of New York ; Jolin Morton, of Virginia.

On Business — Parker Earle, of Illinois; P. T. Quinn, of New Jersey; R. Buist, of Pennsylvania;
Hon. W. Schley, of Georgia; Dr. Wm. Howsley, of Kansas.

On Nominations of Officers — J. M. Allan, of Virginia ; W. C. Barrj-, of New Yoi-k; John Saul,
of the District of Columbia; Hon. Joel Parker, of Massachusetts; Joshua Lindsey, of North Carolina;
John L. Mcintosh, of Ohio; W. C. Flagg, of Illinois; Thos. Meehau, of Pennsylvania; J. S. Downer, of
Kentucky; Wm. Parry, of New Jersey ; Dr. AVylie, of South Carolina ; Wm. Heaver, of Tennessee ; P.J.
Berckmans, of Georgia; Edwin Hoyt, of Connecticut; Mark Miller, of Iowa; R. W. Furnas, of
Nebraska; Dr. J. S. Curtiss, of California ; Col. Ilardee, of Florida ; Silas Moore, of Rhode Island ; Col.
Langdon, of Alabama; Jno. B. Dillon, of Indiana; and A. Lindenian, of Michigan.

On making Record of Fruits Exhibited — J. E. M. Gilley, of Massachusetts: 15. K. Bliss, of
New York; and Dr. Jas. F. Johnson, of Virginia.

During the absence of the Committees relative to Business, Permanent Officers,
etc., Hon. Joel Parkei', of Boston, offered a resolution, as follows :

That the price of membership of this Society shall be, from this time, four dollars (l>4) bienniaUy,
and after this session, twenty dollars (^^0) for life ; amd by this resolution the form of the Constitution
of the Society shall be changed so to read.

The Secretary records tliat the original resolution made the biennial three dollars,
instead of four dolhirs, but that discussion brought it to the price of lour dollars, and
he so reports it as the decision of the Society

The resolution elicited much discussion, and was compromised, as it were, from a
three dollar to fouj- dollar biennial, and from a twenty-Jive dollar to a twenty dollar life,
fee, and was then unanimously passed.

The above had remarks, pro and con, fi om Messrs. Bragdon, James, Wilder, Hogg,
Allan, Parker, Elliott, Hardee, Langdon, Schley and Campbell.

The Business Committee then reported, as follows :

ORDER OF BUSINESS.
Hours of Meeting. — Wednesday, nine o'clock in the morning and three o'clock in the afternoon ;
Thursday, ten o'clock in the morning and three o'clock in the afternoon ; Friday, nine o'clock in the
morning and three o'clock in the afternoon.

Rules for Speaking. — Five minutes ; and no person to speak more than twice on the same
subject, without leave.

Essays. — All essays to be referred to committees, but not read before the Convention.

Wednesday. — At three o'clock in the afternoon, address of the President; at the close of which,
election of officers. Then reading of the Treasurer's report.

Thursday — At ten o'clock in the morning, discussion in regard to place of holding next meeting,
and in regard to the form of a permanent catalogue.

PROCEEDINGS. 17

Disciissiou oil apples suited to general cultivation in the Southern States. The discussion to be
opened by Southern members, and they requested to speak only of varieties well known and tested.
Apples to be followed by pears, peaches, plums, grapes, apricots, nectarines, etc.

Thursday. — At three o'clock in the afternoon — Reports of committees. Introduction of subject,
by members relating to pruning, diseases, etc. ; all of which to be transferred to committees for report,
after which discussion continued.

Friday. — At nine o'clock in the morning — Reports of committees. Resolutions. Incidental
remarks and suggestions. Discussion on fruits continued.

Friday. — At three o'clock in the afternoon — Resolutions. Discussions continued. Adjournment.

Wm. Schley, Secretary.

INVITATION AND EXTENSION OF COURTESIES.
The following invitation was at this time received, read and accepted:

Richmond, Va., Sept. 6, 1871.
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,

President American P(jmo/ogicat Suciely:

Dear Sir: If it suits tlie convenience of your body, the Mayor desires to extend to it,
in theliall of the House of Delegates, at half- past twelve o'clock to-day, a cordial welcome
to the city of Richmond.

On behalf of the City Council and the Committee of Reception, I beg to extend to you

and your associate delegates an invitation to participate in an excursion down James River,

on the steamer Palisades, this afternoon, leaving the wharf at Rockett's, at half-past four

o'clock.

I am your obedient servant,

W. B. Isaacs,

Chairman Committee of Reception, etc.

Committees on Premiums and Fruits Exhibited were then announced by the
President,""' and the Society adjourned in a l)ody to the hall of the House of Delegates,
where they were addi'essed by Mayor Keiley, as follows:

Mr. Frrsideuf and (jentlcmen : It is a phi'asant service to be charged with extending
you, as I am happy to do, a very cordial welcome to our city, on behalf of the authorities
and people of Richmond, and I embrace the occasion also to congratulate my fellow-citizens
on the presence among them of so large and intelligent a body of gentlemen from all parts
of our common country, engaged in a duty so beneficent that their deliberations vrill
provoke hostile criticism in no quarter.

The union of science with labor is among the most characteristic peculiarities of our
age. The time was when philosophy marched along the highways of the earth wrapj^ed in
a lordly pride, which disdained all association witli labor, and if it deigned to cast a look
across the hedge that divided it from the field and the garden, it was to vent its scorn on the
dusty hand and less intelligent brain there engaged. From this two great evils resulted :
First, agriculture and every other foi-m of fruitful labor lost the important aid of philosophy ;

* The committee names will be found appended to their reports, on another page.
2

18 PROCEEDINGS.

and, secondly, philosophy itself lost the powerful stimulus which profit lends to every
development of human effort.

Almost within our memories all this has been chano-c^d ; the white hand has clasped the
brown ; the teeming brain has grasped the plow, the ]iruning-hook and the sickle, and those
great agencies for the betterment of our race whom God hath joined, are no longer by man
to be sundered. And -with what splendid results on every hand ! Surely, if he may be
claimed to be a benefactor of his race who makes two blades of grass grow where only one
grew before, your praise should be a thousand-fold grc^ater, who have taken the bitter fruit
of a thorny tree in the wilds of Eastern Europe, unfitted for food for man or beast, and
therefrom have developed the most delicious fruit of our day, in more than five hundred
varieties. [Applause.] And lastly, gentlemen, I welcome j^ou with peculiar pleasure, as
this is your first assembling in a Southern city. Let me indulge the hope that you have not
only brought hitlier your persons and the superb results of 3our skill, but that you have
come among us bringing your Jicdrta likewise. [Great ap])lause. |

When the late uuha])py strife was ended, the first act of reconstruction was passed by
nature. Our brother-blood was still boiling in hostile veins ; the clenched hand was still
unrelaxed, and the passions of war were still rife, wlicii IVmn a tliousand skies and hillsides
and athwart a thousand ])lains came the generous suiiliglit, the gentle rain and the tem-
pering, winds, filling up the gaping rifle-pits, battering down the sharp escarpments of
frowning forts, blotting out with waving grain the fierce scar of shot and shell, crowning
battlements with fragrant flowers, and weaving a beautiful carpet of green over the scenes
and sites of war's worst devastations. [Api)lause. ) May it be your happj^ fortune and
high privilege, gentlemen, you who laljor with Nature in so many ])leasant and juotitable
fields, to lend her a helping hand and a willing heart in tliis, tiie noblest field of all ! [Loud
and continued ap2:)lause.]

PRESIDENT WILDER'S RESPONSE.
President Wilder responded to the Mayor, as follows :

Mr. Mayor : In behalf of the American Pomological Society, and in my own behalf, I
tender to you my grateful acknowledgments for your gracious welcome and most eloquent
words in which you have addressed us. I am ha])py to be here — we are hap])y to be here —
in the capital of the old Dominion, a State so distinguished for th(> production of illustrious
men — of Washington, Jeffeison, Madison, Mf)nioe, ?larrison and Tyler — all of whom have
filled the highest station in the gift of the people ; John Marshall, Patrick Henry and
Henry Clay, names that will ever constitute a galaxy of talent to fill the brightest page in
the annals of American history. We come from different and widely distant sections of our
country. I come from the cold and sterile soil of New England, where we have not the
luxuriant soil of the West, nor the warm, genial, sunny clime of the South. But, sir, we
have hearts as warm as yours : and although granite and ice enter largely into our exports,
they are no evidence of the hardness of our hearts or the coldness of our affections. I assixre
you, sir, we are most happy to be here to meet our Southern brethren on Southern soil, to
concert measures for the promotion of the object of our Society — the extension of fruit
culture throughout the length and breadth of our land. With the natural advantages which
the South possesses, and especiall}^ your own A' ii-ginia, upon which the North depends so
largely for early fruits, the time is not far distant when fruit cultuic will constitute a source
of revenue scarcely second to any product of the soil. Our Society is now in session, our

PRESIDENT S AUDKESS. 19

time is very precious, and, with tlie hope that you and your board will honor us with your
presence at our meetings, I beg you will allow us to retire.

President Wilder was frequently applauded, and at the close of his speech, as he
extended his hand to the Mayor, there was a call for " Three cheers for Massachusetts
and Virginia shaking hands," which were given with great enthusiasm.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

At thi'ee o'clock in the afternoon, the Society again met, and listened to the
following addi'es.^, pronounced by President Wilder:

Oentlemen and Friends of the American Pomological Society : Twenty-three years
have nearly elapsed since the organization of this Society, in the city of New York. Held
as our meetings have been, in different and widely distant pai-ts of our country, I deem it
proper very briefly to allude to its history, objects and progress. Especially is this desir-
able as a means of information to such southern portions of our Union as may not have been
conversant with the proceedings of the Society. Its object is to advance that most interesting
and delightful pursuit, the cultivation of fruits ; to promote and perpetuate a cordial sj^irit
of intercourse between pomologists ; to compare fruits, and opinions concerning them ; to
settle doubtful points in pomology, and to establish a standard for every section of this
great Western Continent. How well this has been done, the Society need no better testimo-
nial than is furnished by its published transactions, the wide-spread inliuence it has exerted,
not only in our own, but other portions of the world, and especially by this grand assem-
blage of American fi-uits and American men. Many of tlie noble men who aided in the
establishment of this Societ}" have ceased from their labors — Downing, Prince, Saul, Hodge,
Bergen, Underbill , of New York ; Brinckle, of Pennsylvania ; Walker, French, Crapo and
Lovett, of Massachusetts ; Monson, of Connecticut ; Ernst, of Ohio ; Hancock and Reid, of
New Jersey ; Kennicott, of Illinois ; Eaton, of Rhode Island ; White, of Georgia ; Pierce,
of the District of Columbia. Tliese. and other associates of fair fame, have gone to their
reward ; but we rejoice that some still live who, from the earlier years of our history, have
distinguished tliemselves as the untiring friends of our institution ; who, by their efficient
services and wise counsels, have contributed to its prosperity ; some of whom are here
to-day, to rejoice with us in the progi'ess of our science and the perpetuity of our institution.

Nor would we forget the eminent services and devotion of others of later days, to whom
we are under equal obligations for the extension and influence of our Society, whose efforts
have broiight together the cultivators of fruits from the most distant portions of our country,
thus making our institution what it was designed by its founders to be — a truly national
association, where the knowledge of one becomes the property of all ; an association that
should constitute a compendium of experience, and where, without regard to religious creed
or sectional prejudice, a community of interest, enterprise and action might be established
for the promotion of a great source of national wealth and human happiness.

In order to i)romote the convenience of all, to distribute its favors and increase its
influence, the Society has wisely held its sessions in different and distant States of the

20 president's address.

Union. New York, Pennsylvania, Oliio, Massachusetts and Missouri have extended hospi-
talities to the Society, and some of these States have been repeatedly favored with the
presence of its members, and the privilege of listening to their discussions. And now I
congratulate you most sincerely upon the auspicious circumstances which enable us to meet
in this city, among our Southern brethren, who have honored us with so cordial a welcome,
and so large a representation of her men and her resources, here, in the capital of Virginia,
a State so renowned as the mother of Presidents, and the home of some of the most distin-
guished patrons of American agriculture, among wliom maj^ be named Washington, Jeffer-
son and others, who will ever be remembered as benefactors of theii' race.

I have so often addressed you on topics connected with the practical labors of our
calling, that it can scarcely be anticipated that I should have anything new to offer for your
consideration, especially in the pi-esence of so mnny wliose research and ex])erience is fully
equal to my own. I know, too, how precious our time is, and I should not attempt it were
it not a duty enjoined by the constitution of the Society. This duty will be performed in as
brief a manner as its importance will permit.

I would, therefore, suggest that it is desirabh^ for us to gather up for future use the
lessons which have been acquired l)y the experience of the past. We have been so busy in
accumulating knowledge in the various branches of our culture, that we have had no time to
look back and to systematize the inferences and deductions to be drawn from our operations.
But we believe the time has now come wlien we should pause, and survey the field, and
make a review of the lessons which science has taught ; for scieiu* is but a statement of
these lessons — experience systematized and ti-ained for progress. It is the grains of sand
that roll up the mountain, the drops of water that make the ocean, and it is lesson upon
lesson, fact upon fact, which must biiild up the science we wish to create. Nothing in the
present age astonishes us more than the wonderful power of association — the centralization
of thought and action for the promotion of partictilar objects, thus collecting the experience
of individuals, and diffusing this knowledge for the benefit of the world. How clearly is
this seen in the operations of our own Society — how great the changes, and how rapid the
progress since its formation ! Tlien its list of members was one hundred and seven ; now its
roll contains the names of three hundred and eleven peisons. Then its sphere of operations
w^as limited by the boundaries of a few States ; now its field extends from ocean to ocean,
from the Provinces to the Gulf, and wherever the foot of civilization rests in our broad
domain. Nor is it too much to say, that in this space of time more progress has been made
in the science of pomology than in the whole period since the settlement of our country.
Never before was the interest so engrossing or so widely extended. By publications,
correspondence and the remarkable facilities for interchange and intercourse, the enterprise
of cultivators is kept constantly on the alert ; and instead of useless discussions of other
subects, the pomologist finds all his time occupied in efforts for improvement.

How surprising the changes which have taken place during the existence of this Society !
States and sections of the Union which were scarcely known by name, now contribute noble
fruits to grace our exhibitions, and noble men to join us in efforts for the promotion of the
public good; and by the wonderful achievements of science and the golden chain of
commerce, a reciprocal exchange is made of our fruits, distances are almost annihilated, and
where fruits were onlj^ to be seen in our mai'kets at their peculiar season, they are now
found throughout the entii-e circle of the year. And by the arts of preservation, the seasons
of our fruits are further prolonged, until those of winter even linger in the lap of summer.
Thus our choicest varieties are successively matured ; thus distant markets are brought near

president's address. 21

together, so that the apple, the pear and the grape fi-om the South and West meet in the
Northern clime of New England in midsummer; and California, Kansas, Nebraska and
Illinois compete at the same time with Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia, in our Nortliern
markets.

LESSONS OF EXPERIENCE.

Among the lessons which we have learned, we may mention, as settled and acknowledged
principles, the following :

The observations of the last few years, under the influence of warm, dry seasons, would
appear to have establislied the jsrinciple that siich weather, (without excessive droiight,)
especially in the earlier part of the summer, is more favorable to the perfection and ripening
of fruits, particularly grapes, tlian cold, wet seasons. The fact is prominently shown in
California, as we have witnessed by personal observation ; and is especially to be seen in the
cultivation of the grape there, and also in Europe and in our Northern States, where, imder
the influence of such seasons, neither the vine nor its fruit is affected by disease of any kind.
These conditions we have noticed are also peculiarly advantageous for the formation of fruit-
buds, and the storing up of the necessary perfected food for a future crop, and for the
ripening of the wood, so necessarj^ that it may endure the winter with safety.

DRAINING OF FRUIT LANDS.

In conformity with the foregoing remarks, we see the importance of thorough draining
of our fruit lands, which produces in soils not naturally possessing them, the conditions of
warmth and dryness which we have named, thus rendering the condition of the earth, in
respect to warmth and dryness, analogous to that of the air, of the importance of which
we have before spoken. Besides these advantages, is the thorough aeration of the soil,
whei'eby it is enabled to absorb fertilizing matter from the atmosphere, rain and snow, and
the moisture evaporated from the springs below. Thus, paradoxical as it may seem, tlie
same means wliich guard against excessive wet, also serve to supply moisture in excessive
droughts. How aptly does the poet describe this condition :

" In grounds by art made dry, the watery bane
Which mars the wholesome fruit, is turned to use,
And drains, wliile drawing noxious vapors off,
Serve also to diffuse a full supply."

PREPARATION AND CULTIVATION OF THE SOIL.

It seems scarcely necessary in this presence to say that thorough preparation and
enrichment of such soils as are not already rich, is essential. Ordinaiy farm culture will
not produce the highest class of fruits ; they must have garden culture, and with this they
never fail. After this thorough preparation, the cleaner the culture the better, at least in
our older States, where tlie soils have been dejfleted by cropping. But one of the lessons
which experience has taught us most impressively is that, contrary to our former views,
this after cultivation should be shallow, so as not to injure the roots, but to preserve them
near the surface.

MANURES AND THEIR APPLICATION.

The subject of manures is a most important one, and every year becoming more so.
The supply of manure, in tlie older part of oui' country, is unequal to the demand, and every

22 president's address.

year increases the disparity. What would he our feelings if the su])ply of wheat, on which
we depend for onr daily bread, were inadequate to the demand ( Yet men are not more
dependent for life ui)on theii- dailj^ bread, than our fruit crops upon the food which is
supi)]ied to tliem in the form of manure of one kind or another. To supi)ly this want, we
shall be compelled to rely, in great measure, upon artificial fertilizers, and chemistry has
not yet taught us, as it will doubtless in the future, how to sujipl}- the wants of our fruit
crops with certainty and abundance. But we cannot too often or too forcibly impress upon
the minds of all cultivators, the sacred duty of sa\'ing every particle of fi^-tilizing material,
and applying it in such manner as will produce the utmost effect. And on this last point,
the lesson which experience has taught us is, that manure applied to fruit tiees should be
either in the form of a top-dressing, or as near the surface as is consistent witli tlie com^iosi-
ti(Mi of the sou and the preservation of its fertilizing elem(^nts.

MULCHIN(i.

While on this subject we will add, as another of the lessons of experience which may
be said to be fixed — the advantage of mulching for dry seasons and soils, whei-ebj^ the
temperature and moisture of the soils are kept uniform and the fertilizing elements in a
soluble state, an essential condition for the ])roduction of perfect I'niit.

TiiijfXiNfJ or KuriT.

This is another lesson which we liave learned, and the necessity of which we have
often endeavored to imi)ress upon cultivators, and which eveiy successive season teaclies
with stronger emphasis. It is absolutel^^ necessary for all who send fiiiit to market to send
large fruit, and the markets are constantly and progressively requiring lai"ge and fine fruit.
Even the Seckel pear, which once commanded in Boston market the liigliest pric(^ will not
now, unless of extra size, sell for any more than, if as much as, common varieties of larger
size. A medium sized fruit, or even one of smaller size, may be more economical for use,
but until some decided change in the preferences of the majoi-ity of purchasei's shall take
place, large fruit will sell better than small. To produce this, the fruit must not only have
good cultivation, but must be thinned : and we agree witii Mr. Meehan, tiiat "one-half the
trees whicli liear fruit every year would he benefited hy liaving one-half tlie fruit taken off
as soon as it is well set, and that the overbearing of a tree will in a few years destroy it."
We may lay it down as a certain rule, that excessive production is always at the expense of
both quantity and quality, if not in the sam(> season then in succeeding ones, for when branch
is contending with l)ranch, leaf with leaf, and fruit with fruit, for its supply of light and
food, it would l)e indeed an anomaly in nature if this should not result in ]iermanent injury
to the trees as well as to the annual crop.

INSECTS AND DISEASES.

The subject of insects and diseases is daily attracting more attention, for their depreda-
tions are daily becoming a greater evil, and the importance of entomological investigation is
every day more plainly seen. It is less than fifty jeai's since Dr. Harris tii'st published his
work on "Insects Injurious to Vegetation," and great is the debt of gratitude which we owe
to him and to the succeeding investigators who have givcni their lives to studying the habits
of these little "creeping things which he upon the earth," that they may teach us how to
destroy those which i^ivy upon our trees, and to distinguish our friends from our foes.

presibent's address. 23

Every plant imported from abroad brings with it a new insect or disease, and tlie dissemi-
nation of new plants and varieties, without which there can be no progress in horticulture,
inevitably disseminates tlieir insect enemies. On this subject the words of Edmund Burke
are appropriate: "Tlie most vigilant superintendence, the most prompt activity, which has
no such day as to-morrow in its calendar, are necessary to the farmer;" and we may add,
still more to the fruit grower, and tenfold more necessary in combating oiir insect enemies.
The neglect of battling with these ^ile creatures, is the great bane to successful cultivation ;
but as long as moral e^dl exists in tlie world, so long may we expect there will be evil in the
natural world, and lie who is not -willing to contend against both, is not worthy of the name
either of cultivator or of Christian.

We belong to that class who have faith in the ultimate triumph of good over evil in the
moral world, and our faith is not less strong that the insect plagues shall, if not exteimi-
nated, at least be subdued, so that the labor of keeping them so far in check, that no material
harm shall be caused by them, will be comparatively easy. We have discovered means for
preventing the ravages of tlip currant worm, curculio, canker worm, caterpillar, melon bug
and aphis, and the mildew and other diseases of our vines. If we can do this, is it not
reasonable to suppose that we can discover remedies for, or the means of preventing, all the
diseases and depredations that vegetation is liable to? Is it consistent with that Divine
economy, so benevolent in all its ways and works, to believe that this fail' creation has been
spread out only to be destroyed ; that seed-time should be promised and the harvest with-
held ; and from year to year our hopes deferred and our hearts made sick ? Is it in harmony
with that Divine Providence which created all things and pronounced them very good ?

If any one say it is of no use to contend with these hordes of vile creatiires, or the
disappointments upon which all culture is incident, let liim remember that it is the mission
of life to struggle against and overcome them. Instead of fretting and groaning over these
evils, let us battle with them and conquer lliem. Tlius shall we gather the ricli fruits of our
industry, and

" Where some would find tliorns but to torture the flesh.
We'll pluck the ripe chisters our souls to refresh."

But some one replies, let Nature do this, let Nature perform her perfect work. True, but
Nature brings us weeds, thistles and thorns, injiirious insects to vegetation, as well as those
that are useful ; and we were placed in this world, not merely to assist nature, but to meet
with and overcome the obstacles which she sometimes places in our jiath — to elevate her to
the highest and noblest purposes of her creation.

Many of the difficulties and privations we endure, if met and conquered, will prove
blessings in disguise. It is lal)or of mind as well as body ; it is work, work, work, that
makes men strong. Work is the great engine that moulds and moves the intellect, enter-
prise and destiny of the woi'ld ; work is the greatest tempf)ral boon bestowed on man ; work
is the heaven-apijointed means of advancement to a higher state of perfection ; and in no
profession is this more apparent than in the calling of the pomologist. This idea is well
expressed in the following lines, illustrative of the blessings of labor :

" The first man and the first of men,
Were tillers of the soil ;
And that was mercy's mandate then
Which destined man to toil."

24 president's address.

If man can seize tlie lightning in his hand and make it work for liim in earth, air or
water ; if he can descend into tlie secret laboratory of Nature, and learn the constituents of
soils and manures, and their adaptation to each other ; if he can learn how she prepares the
appropriate food for all vegetable life, from the humblest plant clinging close to the bosom
of earth, only blooming to die, to the lofty Sequoia, I'earing its head to heaven and braving
the tempests for thousands of years ; if the pliysician can disct)ver the agents which generate
disease in the animal kingdom, and prescribe antidotes and remedies for each, may not the
cultivator acquire a knowledge of the diseases which affect his trees and plants, and how to
cure them \

Is there any element in nature which man cannot make subservient to his use? Is
there any disease for which nature has not provided a remedy \ Is there any enemy to
vegetation that cannot be overcome^ True, there are many things of which we know but
little, and which require long and c-aivful study ; but there are others which are well estab-
lished, and which one fact may demonstrate as well as a thousand.

SHELTER.

The necessity of shelter was not as soon perceived as some of the other lessons which I
have named ; yet, with perhaps the exception of a few favored spots, its importance is year
by year becoming more generally appreciated, especially on our open prairies and in the
northern and nortliwcstcrn portions of our country. The fact is established, that the
removal of forests diminishes the quantity of rain, increases the evaporation of moisture,
reduces the temperature, and subjects our fruits to greater vicissitudes, so that the peach
and many of our finest X)ears can be no longer cultivated at the North, except in gardens or
sheltered places. Tlie inipoilance of shelter was well understood as long ago as the time of
Quintinye, who, in his work on gardening, gives full directions for j)lanting trees for shelter.
This was in a country long settled and denuded of its forests; and though our ancestors
planting fruit trees in a virgin soil, tliickly covennl with wood, failed to perceive its necessity'
we, in our older States, who have come to mucli the same conditions as existed in the time
of Quintinye, experience the same want.

There may be exceptions to this rule, as in the South, where the fruit season is warm
and dry, producing similar conditions to those afforded by shelter under glass. We may
find varieties, and probably shall, adaj)ted to exposed situations ; but at present the larger
majority of our finer fruits will be benefited by the shelter of belts of forest trees. We are
glad, therefore, to see the recognition of the advantages of forest trees on the part of the
managers of our Pacific railways, not only as affording shelter, but as collecting moisture
from the atmosphere, and so rendering available vast regions previously uninhabitable from
drouth. This good work has already been commenced on the line of the Kansas Pacific
Railroad.

METEOROLOGY.

Besides the lessons which experience has already taught us, permit me to mention one
which pomologists oiight to learn, and which, from present indications, I have no doubt they
will learn. The pomologist should have a better knowledge of the science of meteorology
than we now possess. The action of light and heat ; the influence of the winds, of frost, fog,
water and the electrical condition of the air and earth, have a most important bearing, and
we believe that when our science shall have attained to its greatest perfection, there will be
a discreet classification of our fruits, assigning to each its proper soil, location and asjiect.
We must not expect to alter the laws of nature, but to conform to them. We do not expect

president's address. 25

to restore tlie lost Pleiad, nor do we expect to find any supernatural means whereby
improvement and progress can be attained, without mental or physical exertion, but we
should endeavor to understand some of the workings of that mysterious macliine which
generates and perpetuates all vegetable life. True, the "wind bloweth where it listeth," as
of old, but it seems probable, if not certain, from the investigations made at Washington,
that man cannot only tell from whence it will come and where it will blow, but where the sun
wUl shed its rays and the clouds diffuse their showers, and the time may come when the
laws which govern the weather may be settled with nearly as much certainty as those which
now govern the calculations of the astronomer.

What wonders has science wrought in modern times, but these are only the rudiments
of that great plan which Providence has established for the happiness of mankind. "Tliese
are but parts of His ways," which we now see, glimmerings of that boundless exhibition of
power, wisdom and goodness which shall culminate in the perfection of all created things.

ORIGIISrATINft NEW VARIETIES.

I commend to you again, as I have done in my former addresses, and shall continue to
do while I live, tlie important and benevolent work of originating new varieties of fruit, both
as a means of improvement, and as a substitute for tliose whicli have experienced the decline
incident to all things of human origin. Our country, and in fact the whole world, has been
so thoroughly explored, that we can scarcely expect to discover any very important addition
to accidental varieties. Our main source of improvement, therefore, is to be found in the
production of new kinds from seed, and I again urge upon you the great importance of
continuing your efforts in this most interesting and hopeful department of labor. Tlie
acquisitions already made give promise of still richer rewards to him wlio will work with
Nature, in compelling her to yield to his solicitations for still greater improvement. Much
has alread}' been done, but this branch of science is still in its infancy, and opens to the
pomologist a broad field for enterprise. It may require time and patience and care to
produce a superior variety, l)ut we have the most cheering assurance of the time when every
section of our country shall possess fruits adapted to its own locality. There is no better
illustration of what can be accomplished than what has been done in the production of the
various and excellent American fruits which have been raised since the establishment of our
Society. If each member should originate one good variety, adaj^ted to a wide extent of
territory, or even to his own section, he would become a public benefactor. Think of the
number of persons in the United States who are now engaged in the growth of fruits.
Should each one produce one good variety — a not impossible thing — we should have
varieties enough to endure for centuries, adapted to every soil and location in our vast
territory.

Let any one visit the nurseries established by Mr. Clapp in Massachusetts, the
originator of the Clapp' s Favorite pear, and see the many seedling trees now just coming
into bearing, and he cannot but be delighted, as we have been, with witnessing these trees
in their youthful vigor, and studying the various forms into which tlie Bartlett, the Flemish
Beauty, the Beurre d'Anjou, the Urbaniste, the Beurre Clairgeau, the Beurre Bosc and
other standard varieties have been changed, and he cannot but admit that the daily oppor-
tunity for such study would be an ample recompense for all the trouble and expense
of raising such trees. But besides this gratification, is the probability of raising a new
variety which, in one point or another, shall be superior to any before acquired, and which

26 president's address.

sliall be a blessing to the natiou. Does any one object, that frnits adapted to cultivation
through the country are few and far between i Let him raise a variety which shall be better
adapted to his own locality than any before known. Let us have Favorites for Virginia and
Georgia, and for all and every State of our nation. If I could feel that I had been the means
of inducing our members, or other cultivators, to i-aise new fruits wortliy to bear their names,
I should feel that I had lived for a useful jmi-pose.'

The importance of producing new varieties fi-om seed is no longer questioned. The fact
that the seed of good varieties will generally produce good offspring, is now well established.
These are, however, the natural results which have been derived from fruits already
improved ; and we can offer no better proof of the advantages of artificial impregnation than
the multitude of improved varieties wliich have been produced in the vegetable kingdom by
this process.

We have learned manj' of tlu' laws which goveiii h} bridization, and tlie more we
become acquainted with tliis most interesting art, the more we work with nature in these
efforts for her improvement, tlie more we shall admire tliis most perfect and beautiful illus-
tration of the great fundamental law. which has been established from the beginning of
time, for the improvement of men, animals and jilants. Well di<l Linnanis exclaim, when
overwhelmed with the discovery of an unknown principle in this most interesting study,
"I have seen God passing by;" and well may the contemplation of tliis law inspire us with
the same reverence and delight, and

" like conductors, raise
Our spirits upward on their flight siililiniu
Up to the dread invisible, to pour •

Our grateful homage out in silent praise.'"

Let us go on, then, developing the wonderful resources of this art. Go on, persevere,
and you will leave a rich inheritance to your heirs. Go on, and the time will come when
every man shall sit under his vine and fi-nit tree, when all our hillsides shall rejoice in
the burden of the vintage, our valleys teem with the golden fruits of the orchard, and the
passing breeze become vocal with songs of gratitude and praise for these benefactions to
posterity.

The increasing interest in the cultivation of fruit at the South, induces me to ofter a few
suggestions in regard to the best means of obtaining varieties suited to that region. Of
apples and peaches, a large number of superior varieties have already been produced at the
South, perfectly adapted to that climate ; but the supjd}- of fine varieties of the pear is yet
inadequate, especially of late-keeping varieties, as tlie latest kinds gi-own at the North
cannot, when grown in the Gulf States, be preserved beyond autumn. To supply this
deficiency, we would recommend the trial of such varieties as refuse to ripen at the North —
Chaumontelle, the Colniar and its sub-varieties, Beurre Ranee Bergamot Fortunee— which
appear to need a longer season than ours to arrive at maturity. These, and seedlings from
these, offer, we think, the best prospect for a supply of late pears in the wanner parts of our
country. We would also recommend a trial of the sorts used at the North for cooking, as
some of these have proved fine dessert pears in the South. And probably some of the fine
old varieties which have decayed at the East, and show signs of the same fate at the West,

president's address. 27

may, in more genial climates, have their existence so far prolonged as to be among the most
desirable.

the society's catalogue.

Allow me again to commend to your consideration the value and importance of oui-
Catalogue of Fruits. The completion of tliis work, by embodying tlie fruits of tlie Southern
and Pacitic States, is yet to be accomplished. This has been delayed from unavoidable
circumstances, but we hope is now to be done, so that the basis of American Pomology can
be established for the generations that are to succeed us. Tlie work is indeed great, but it
is a duty that devolves on us, as the representatives of that science which the Society has in
charge. In proceeding with it, however, we find ourselves met by a difficulty not anticipated
at the beginning of our work, arising from the unparalleled expansion of our country. In
the few years since our catalogue was commenced, several new States and Territories have
been organized, and if such expansion continues, as it undoubtedly will, it will be difficult
to bring the catalogue, on its present plan, into any reasonable limits. On this point I liope
to hear from the Chairman of the General Fruit Committee, to whom, more than to any
one else, we are indebted for the progress already made ; and I commend the subject to
the thoughtful consideration of all the members of the Society, and especially invite the
co-operation of every State, in collecting and transmitting to him the information necessary
to the completion of our work.

THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF FRUIT CULTURE.

Tlie importance and value of our calling in developing the resources of our country, in
tlie occupation of unimproved land, adorning our homesteads, enhancing the value of real
estate, multiplying the blessings and comforts of life, and promoting a great source of
national wealth, cannot be too highly appreciated. The more I reflect upon the progress we
have made, the more am I confirmed in the belief that this branch of culture will, ere long,
become second only to the growth of the bread and meat of our country. The enormous
production of strawberries and other small fruits, the millions upon millions of baskets of
peaches — not to speak of the apples and pears and other fruits that are now annually
produced — ^give promise that the time is fast approaching when all classes of society may
enjoy this health-preserving condiment as a portion of their daily food. JSTor can I i-efrain
from referring once more to the benign influence whicli our employment has upon the moral
and religious instincts of the heart, the refinement of taste and the welfare of society.
Whatever pleasure may be derived from other pursuits, there is surely none that has
afforded stronger evidence of a high and progressive state of civilization or a more ennobling
influence, than the culture of fruits. "This," says Gen. Dearborn, "must have been the
first step in the march of civilization, while the method of ameliorating tlieir character and
multiplying the varieties, may be considered as taking precedence of all human efforts in
the industrial arts.

From the day when God gave our father in Eden trees "pleasant to the sight and
good for food," down to Solomon, who said, "I made me gardens and orchards, and I
planted in them trees of all kinds of fruits," and through the successive generations of men,
the cultivation of trees and plants has been the criterion of taste and refinement. No object
of attachment is more naturally allied to the instincts of the soul, and truly did Emerson
remark, "he who knows the most, he who knows what sweets and virtues are in tlie ground,
and how to come at these enchantments, is the rich and royal man." And what greater
benefactions can you leave for posterity, than these memorials which shall live and grow.

28 president's address.

which sliall tell of your love of the most beautiful works of nature, kindred and home, when
you are sluml)enng in the grave:' Far lietter these for the perpetuation of your memory,
and the benefit of the advancing millions of coming time, than all tlie monumental shafts
and pillars of polished marble that ever graced the hero' s tomb.

DECEASED MEMBERS.

Since my last report on the decease of members, three of the founders of this Society
have been removed by death, *"like fruits fully ripened in their season." I allude to Dr.
Alfred S. Monson, of New Haven, Ct. ; Dr. K. T. UnderhUl, of Croton Point, N. Y. ; and
Dr. Eben Wight, of Dedham, Mass.; all three of whom were present and took pai't in the
proceedings of the fii'st meeting, twenty-three years ago.

Dr. Alfred S. Monson died May 22, 187(>, at New Haven, Ct., at the advanced age of
seventy-four, niiiversally respected and beloved. He was one of the signers of the circular
calling the convention which resulted in the organization of our association ; was the first
Vice-President from Connecticut ; and on that occasion read a most able and instructive
paper "on the deterioration of certain fruits, and of ])arasitic agents injurious to vegeta-
tion." This paper may be found in tiie published Transactions of the Society, and gives
evidence of the careful investigation and research of its aiithor. Dr. Monson possessed a
highly appreciative mind, a refined taste and a great capacity for enjoyment. Hence his
love for fruits and flowers, which was a ruling passion with him through life. He was the
flrst President of the New Haven Horticultural Society, established in 1831 — one of the
earliest in this country — and was a frecj^uent writer on subje(;ts coiuie('ted with horticulture
and rural arts. His address before that Society in 1843 is full of wisdom and beautiful
illustrations. His memory will ever be revered and honored by all wlio knew him.

Dr. R. T. Underbill was also one of the founders of our Society, and his name is borne
on the call for its first meeting. He commenced his pomological ])ursuits at Croton Point
about forty-hve j^ears ago,^the grape, of which he planted a large vineyard, being a s})ecialty.
His experiments commimced with foreign varieties, but these proving a failure, he turned
his attention to the cultivation of the Isabella and Catawba, then but little known ; and so
great was his success tliat for many years he and his brotliei-, with whom he was associated,
sent more of these varieties to the New York market than were i-eceived from all other
sources. He also commenced tlie manufacture of wine, and at the time of his death had
about fifty acres of vineyard, and was also very successful in the cultivation of the plum, of
which he gave an account at our last meeting. He was a leading member of the American
Institute, and was one of the founders of the Agricultural and Horticultural yociety of
Westchester county, of which he was the first President. Dr. Underhill was a gentleman
of the old school, courteous in deportment and refined in his tastes, and althougli his age
prevented his frequent attendance at our meetings, his interest in our pursuits never declined.
As a proof of his fidelity, he came to our last meeting in Philadelphia, and took part in our
discussions as he had done in the beginning.

Dr. Eben Wight, of Dedham, Massachusetts, another of the signers of the call for the
first meeting of this Society, died at his home, where he had carried on his pomological
researches during his life. He had long been interested in horticultural pursuits, being an
early member of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and for a long course of years
Corresponding Secretary and Vice-President. For many years he was Chairman of the
Fruit Committee of this Society for Massachusetts, in which capacity he made many
interesting reports, which may be found among our published Transactions. He paid
special attention to the apple, of which he had a large and choice collection of varieties ;

president's address. 29

and throiigli his critical observation, he became remarkably well versed in the knowledge of
this fruit, and introduced several tine varieties to notice. He was a modest and unassuming
man, of the strictest integrity, and died, as he had lived, universally respected and beloved.

Nor can I close this sad record without adding the name of M. S. Frierson, Cohimbia,
Tenn., who died March 28, 1870. Mr. Frierson was the Vice-President of the Society from
Tennessee. He attended our last meeting, and his noble bearing and gentlemanly deport-
ment will long be remembered by all who were present with him. He was by profession a
lawyer, and at the time of his death was in practice as an old counselor at Columbia. But
what most concerns us is his interest in pomological pursuits, which was strikingly evinced
by the part which he took in the discussions of the Society ; his remarks being always
valuable, interesting and to the point. He was much interested in fruit culture, and had
given particular attention to the hybridization of the nectarine and the pear, with the special
view of producing late-keeping varieties of the latter. His experiments were evidently
based upon truly scientific knowledge, and at the time of his death had already been the
means of producing some valuable new fruits. In a letter written but a few months before
his death he says, in speaking of his experiments, "they may turn oiit nothing; still the
taste it gives m}- girls" (who had aided him in conducting them) "for such amusement, is
worth more than the trouble. The seeds will be carefully planted, and we will wait and
see." Noble sentiment! biit the fruition of his hopes was transferred to another world,
leaving lis to wait and see the further results which they may produce here.

These associates have gone to their i-eward. Their seats in this Society are forever
vacant, but their etforts for the advancement of our cause in the early liistory of our Society
will be appreciated more and more as time moves on.

CONCLUSION.

With the deepest sense of gratitude do I rejoice in the presence of a few of the founders
of this Society, whose lives have been prolonged to this day. Ere long, all those who were
present at its first meeting, and lie who by your indulgence has occupied this chair so long,
vdll vacate their seats. Others will fill the places wliich we now occupy, but our Society,
and the cause it seeks to promote, will live on to bless the generations which shall succeed lis.

Long may the members of this Society meet together as friends and mutual helpers,
dispensing and receiving good ; and may your efforts for promoting this most beautiful of
all arts, this health-preserving and life-prolonging industry, be crowned with continued
success. May the Society go on conferring blessings on our country, until every hearth-
stone and fireside shall be gladdened with the golden fruits of summer and autumn, until
thanksgiving and the perfume of tlie orchard shall ascend together like incense from the
altar of every family in our broad land, and the whole world realize, as in the beginning, the
blissful fruition of dwelling in the "Garden of the Lord." And when at last the chain of
friendship which has bound so many of us together in labor and in love shall be broken;
when the last link shall be sundered, and the fruits of this world shall delight us no more ;
when the culture, training and sorrows of earth shall culminate in the purity, perfection and
bliss of heaven, may we all sit down together at that feast of immortal fruits,

" Where life fills the wine-cup and love makes it clear,
Where Gilead's balm in its freshness shall flow,
O'er the wounds which the pruniug-kuife gave us below."

Adjourned to ten o'clock Thursday morning.

80

SECOISTD D^Y

MORNING SESSION.

TiuRSDAY, September 7tli, hs71.

The Society met at ten o'eloek in the nioi'ning, Pivsident Wihler in the chair.

The reading of the minutes was dispensed with.

The President then read the following message, received by telegraj)h, from

P. Bai{RY — Greeting — I hope yonr meeting is a grand success. I am with you in
spirit.

The message was received with rounds of applause, and tlu' President directed to
reply, which he did, as follows :

To P. Baury, Rochester, N. Y. :

Grand success. Unanimous tlianks of Convention. Hopes for youi- sjjeedy restoration
of healtli. Maksiiai.i. P. Wilder.

The report of the Committee on Nominations fur Officers was tiien received, read,
and the election made unanimous; for which see ])revious pages.
The Treasurer's Report was then read, as follows;

C'AMiiUiDGE, Mass., September, 1871.
To the President and Members of the American Pomological Society :

Gentlemen — I submit a statement of the account of Receipts and Disbursements of the funds, as
Treasurer of your association for the term 1869-1871, viz.:

STATEMENT.'

RECEIPTS.

1869.

Sept. To Balance on hand per Report 1869 $158 28

Dec. " Cash received of M. P. Wilder, President 150 00

Sept. " " " " thirty-two Life Members, 110 320 00

" " one hundred and eighty-seven Term Members, $2 374 00

'■ for sale of one copy of Catalogue 75

$1,003 03

a a

PLACE OF MEETING IN 18T3. 31

DISBURSEMENTS.
1869.

Sept. By Cash paid for printing free Return Certificate $ 3 00

" " " " " Badge on silk for Members 7 60

" '' " refunded two Term Contributions for two of Life 4 00

" " " paid F. R. Elliott, balance due on Salary 30 00

« « " " " Salary for present term 100 00

" " " refunded " for Circulars, Postages, etc 1.3 90

" " " •• " • a wood-cut 2100

Dec. " " paid Samuel Cliism, for Printing, Binding, etc.. Catalogue and

Transactions of Twelfth Session 600 00

" " " " Samuel Chism, for Enveloping Paper, Postages and Labor, 25 00

Sept. " « " Postages on Letters, $13.99 ; and Transactions, $4.63 18 62

" " " " Express from Boston of Box 50

" " " " for Paper in corresponding, $1.00 ; Envelopes, $1.25 2 25

" " " " Printing, etc., of one thousand Blank Bills 4 00

" " " " F. R. Elliott, on Salary present term 50 00

" " " Balance on hand 124 16

• ■ $1,003 03

Respectfully submitted,

Tho. P. James, Treasurer.

The Chair then, in accordance with the Constitution of the Society, announced the
names of persons to constitute the Permanent Standing Fruit Committees for the coming
two years.

(This list will be found appended to that of other officers, on page 10.)

PLACE OF MEETING IN 1873.

The fixing of the place for holding the next meeting of the Society, being next in
order, the President said, that as it would be the quarter-centennial, and as many
members in the Eastern States, and especially in Boston, had to do with its first
organization, and as Boston was his home, he, with deference to the wishes, whatever
they might be, of other gentlemen, should feel highly honored and gratified if it could
be appointed to be held in Boston.

Hon. Joel Parker and Mr. Buswell, of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
extended cordial invitations for Boston, and the Secretary of the American Pomological
Society presented the following, received liy him through the Secretary of the Massa-
chusetts Society :

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, ( '
Boston, August 7th, 1871. f

At a regular meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, this day holden,
it was

Noted, That the Massachusetts Horticultural Society invite the American Pomological
Society to hold its next biennial session, in 1873, being the twenty-fifth year of its existence,

32 MOTION TO VISIT CALIFORNIA.

in the city of Boston, and that this Society extend to them hospitalities and provide
accommodations for their exhibition.

A true copy from the records,

(Attest) Edward S. Rand, Jr., Secretary.

Ml". P. T. Quinn, of New Jersey, nominated Boston, Mass., and said, that in doing
so he was not unmindful of the claims of his own State as a fruit-growing country, but
thought it proper that the quarter centennial meeting of the Society should be held at
the home of its distinguished and venerable President.

Parker Earle, of Illinois, said that State wanted a meeting of the Society; but from
the associations of time and oi-igiu connected with the next meeting, he would reserve
that State for another year, and join in the move for Boston.

Jno. M Allan extended aii invitation to again meet at Richmond, either the next,
or such future time as the Society might feel it to the interest of Pomological progress
so to do.

Dr. Howsley e.xpre.ssed a wish that Leavenworth, Kansas, V)e the next place, but
while so doing acknowledged, and in fact favored, the move for Boston.

W. C. Flagg remai'ked, favoring Boston for the next; but he wished all to
remember that the next thereafter must be in Chicago, Illinois.

Col. Dillon said, Indiana would rejoice at a meeting of the Society in her borders,
and her arms were open and full of w-elcome; but, like others, he supposed Boston had
really the best claim for the next assembling, and he would coincide without a murmur

Col. Hardee, of Florida, would like the Society and its members to go farther into
the sunny South, although he was thankful to it and them for the reach they have now
made. He spoke feelingly and spiritedly of the North and South shaking hands so
fraternally in this bond of love and union, and while the sunny South was dear to him,
and full of beauty and intelligence, yet he knew it had not all thereof; and if they
would not come to Florida, why he would go to M;i8sachusetts, and would tiy to have
as many join him as he possilily could.

The vote being taken, it was unanimous for Boston in 1873

To which Hon. Marshall P. Wilder responded, thanking the Society for its courteous
amenity, in conceding all pei'sonal inteiests and feelings toward that of a request, in the
fulfillment whereof he was much interested and gratified.

MOTION TO VISIT CALIFORNIA.

D. B. Weir, of Illinois, made remarks and a motion, that the Society, as a body,
visit California during the season of 1872. He expressed a feeling, that if it was
generally known that a train would start at a certain time, and be at the command of
the party, that hundreds of fruit growers of the Union would join it.

The motion, or proposition, was, by motion of P. T. Quinn, referred to the Executive
Committee.

APPOINTMENT OF COMJIITTEES. 33

INVITATION TO SUPPER.

John M. Allan, Esq., of Richmond, on hehalf of the Richmond Horticultural
Society, invited the members of the American Pomological Society to meet and partake
of a supper, on Friday evening, the 8th.

The invitation was accepted, and thanks tendered.

REVISION OF CATALOGUE.
W. C. Flagg, of Illinois, offered the follovping :

Resolved, That tlie Committee ou the Revision of the Catalogue be requested, except in such cases
as it is impracticable, to place upon the lists only the names, with the appropriate number of stars, of
such fruits as are —

1st. Recommended by the action of State or other local Horticultural organizations; or
2d. By the concurrent testimony of not less than three competent persons, who have had personal
experience or observation in the district for wliich the resjiective fruits are recommended.

Col. Carrington and others made remarks, when the matter was referred back to
Mr. Flagg, who, as one of that Committee, should be empowered to act as, according to
his judgment, would meet the best interests of the Society.

DISEASED APPLE TREES.

J. S. Downer, of Fairview, Ky., stated that "many young apple trees were diseased
and dying in sections of Kentucky ; that the disease attacks the tree at its roots, and
causes a speedy decay. There is an orchard of one hundred trees in my immediate
vicinity, now ten years planted, and forty-live of them have died already, and some ten
others are now in a dying condition. These ti'ees were obtained from various nursery
establishnient.s, l)0th North and South, and have had more than ordinary care bestowed
on them since they weie planted. If consistent, therefore, Mr. President, I offer the
following, and ask the appointment of a committee thereon:

Whereas, a large percentage of the apple trees planted on rieli limestone soils, south of the thirty-
eighth degree of north latitude, die prematurely, or from the ages of two or three to some ten years, and
from a cause or causes not well understood ; therefore

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to examine into this disease and its cause, and
make report at the next biennial session of the Society.

The motion or resolution was accepted, passed, and the Pi'esident appointed as the
Committee thereon, Messrs. W. C. Flagg, of Illinois; Thomas Meehan, of Pennsylvania
and RoVjert Manning, of Massachusetts.

COMMITTEE ON PRUNING.

D. B. Wiei', of Illinois, asked the appointment of a committee to answer the

following: Does an apple, pear, plum, peach or other fruit tree ever require any pruning

whatever, one or two yeai-s from bud or gi'aft, with the head started at point indicated

by nature; or, in other words, does a tree that has never been trimmed or pruned up

84 AI'rulNTilENT OK CU.M.Mrri'KKS.

any wlien planted in orchard, ever require any pruning whatever (to give the best
results) ; and if so, at what time of its life i

The following gentlemen were named as the Committee : Wm. Saunders, of the
District of Columbia; Dr. Stayman, of Kansas; D. B. Wier, W. C. Flagg, of Illinois;
and Thomas Meehau, of Pennsylvania.

COMMITTEE ON CODLING MOTH TRAP,
Invented by Thomas Wier, of Illinois. This Committee was appointed on motion of
W. C. Flagg, of Illinois. It consisted of Charles Downing, of New York; Mark Miller,
of Iowa; Parker Earle of Illinois; and the report will be found in Committee Reports.

COMMITTEE ON MILDEWS. ETC.
Prof. Taylor, of the Agricultural Department, Washington, D. C, made some
remarks, (which the Secretary regrets he has lost,) relative to the mildew and rot, of
leaf and fruit; and after the following resolution by W. C. Flagg, a Committee,
consisting of Thomas Meehan, William Saundei's and Parker Farle, was appointed to
act upon and report at next session of Society.

Resolved, That we have learned with great pleasure that Professor Tliomas Taylor, of the Agricul-
tural Department, is engaged in the proseeution of scientific investigations into the grape mildews and
their cause; and that we trust that the Commissioner of Agriculture will be able to use some portion of
the funds placed at his disposal, in the investigation of this and other fruit diseases; especially of the
blight in the pear tree, "yellows" in the peach tree, and rot in its fruit.

COMMITTEE ON BLIGHT.
J. S. Newman, of Georgia, offered the following :

Resolved, That the Chair ap])oiut a Committee of three, to report in season for the next
Transactions, if possible, the cause and jireventive or remedy for blight in the pear tree; and to
continue their labors, and again report at tiie next biennial session.

The Chair appointed as Committee, P. J. Berckmans, Thos. Meehan, Robert
Manning, Wm. Saunders and Josiah Hoopes.

In connection with the above, the following, forwarded by P. Barry, Esc^., and
written by J. F. Tallant, of Burlington, Iowa, conies in appropi'iately :

As you correctly state, tree blight and grajje rot, and, in faft, all kindred diseases, are
entirely beyond the knowledge of the most careful and observing ivuii growers. Nothing
whatever in the shape of facts has as yet been discovered, and every man has his own theory,
which the more it is enlarged on, the less light we have.

Ajiple tree blight has thus far given Iowa fruit growers in tliis vicinity very little
trouble. A few varieties are subject to it, and these had better not be planted at all. There
is a sort of leaf and new growth scald, which destroys the young twigs and gives inexpe-
rienced planters some uneasiness, but which does no damage whatever. This prevails all
over the country, and is not worth notice. As a general rule, the climate of Iowa is adapted
in an unusual degree to the successful growth of the apple.

CONGRESSIONAL A IMPROPRIATION. 35

Pear blight is a very diiferent thing. It attacks trees of all ages and sizes, and its
appearance is so erratic and sudden as to be inexiilicable by any known rnles of plant
growth or destruction. I did say, in the Horticultural meeting, that I cared nothing about
hunting for its origin or cause, so long as we could get ahead of it ; and I further stated that
the experience of the past seven years had induced me to liope that at last its ravages had
been averted. So long as a complaint may certainly be cured, we need not worry about
hunting up the cause.

I have been engaged in growing pears in Iowa since 1847, with some intermissions, and
I have lost fifty times as many trees by blight as I have now growing. In 1864, I was
induced to cease cultivating them altogether, to allow the grass to grow close up to the trees,
only keeping it cut ever}' few weeks, and to oln-iate the binding and repressive effects of this
treatment, by putting a wheelbarrow load of manure around each tree every autumn. Since
that date, eight years ago, I have never lost a tree, and even saved some old wrecks which I
had given up as past cure, which are now the most interesting specimens on the place.
I have dwarf pear trees that are twenty tour years old, and in perfect health and vigor. One
of these has borne seven bushels of fruit this summer, and all that I would spare from it has
sold at two dollars and a half per busliel, the buyer coming after them. All my trees are
most vigorous and loaded with fruit. The success of the present year has been that of the
preceding seven. I do not give this treatment at all as a cure for blight, for it may return
again ; but I do wish to make it public, that others may try the same method, with, it is
hoped, the same success. Even those who do try and consider it a failure, ought not to give
it up, but try again. It is so simple and easy of adoption as to be within the reach of all.

TAX ON DISTILLATION OF FRUITS.

J. S. Newman, of Georgia, offered a resolution on Congressional matters of control,
relating to taxation on the distillation of peach brandies, etc., which, after much
discussion, was ruled out of order, and lost by almost an unanimous vote— as a feature
with which tlie American Pomological Society, in its legitimate role, has nothing
whatever to do.

CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATION.

Mr. Elliott, of Ohio, moved that a Committee be appointed to petition Congress for
$20,000, as a permanent fund, of which the Society shall use nothing but the interest
for twenty years.

Agreed to, and the President and Secretary authorized to aj^poiat the Committee.

Pending this motion of Mr. Elliott, there was considerable discussion, resulting in
a general opinion that "republics are ungrateful," and fai' from disposition to foster the
interests and home comforts of the people. Mr. Elliott, although acknowledging the
fact, yet had reason to believe there was, in the minds and breasts of the members of
the Congress of the United States, as much of disposition to assist and appropriate,
where no apparent use should be made for other than public good, as in the members
of the Society itself; and, as Secretaiy, he would now urge upon every member of this
association, conversation with and representation to, every member of Congiess from his
section, respecting the wants of this association and its labors for the public.

36 DISCUSSION ON APPLES.

NAME OF APPLE.

Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, spoke relative to name of Janet or (ienet Apple, and the
subject matter was referred to him, as a Committee of one, to report. See said report
on future page.

DISCUSSION ON APPLES.

The President and Secretary Loth remarked, that at this meeting it was all.
important we should gain as much information respecting the values of varieties of
fruits throughout the Southern States as could l)e, from the knowledge of the many
capable fruit growers of the South present, and suggested that discussions be mainly
given up to varieties suited to the South and remarks of gentlemen therefrom.

W. C. Flagg, of Illinois, who had previously introduced a resolution relative to
revision of Catalogue, asked "What shall govern and place a fruit on this Society's
Catalogue ?"

Several members responded, with the general acceptance that, as heretofore, the
judgment of fruit growers, acquainted with the State or locality they represent, is at
present our only reliable resource, and perhaps as reliable as it is possible to obtain ; for
we suppose the man who, after an acquaintance of years, and imbued with the love of
the subject, free from personal gain, as all must be who attend the American Pomological
Society's meetings, as capable of judging and valuing varieties, as under any existing
rules and laws may be })ossil)le.

The President then called on Mi'. P. J. Bereknians, of Georgia, to open the discussion,
by proposing varieties suited to the South.

Mr. Berckjians accordingly named Red AstracJian, to which he would give ** for
Georgia; and the response came alike fi-om Virginia, Alabama, District of Columbia,
Maryland, and all South.

Mr. Flago, of Illinois, stated the variety as unproductive since 1 848, but he should
be unwilling to discard it.

Earle (same State) would not.

Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, knew it to be a fine apple in Kentucky, and a success;
but in Kansas it is late coming into bearing; yet 1)y top grafting on stocks adapted to
the soil, the objection is removed.

WiER, of Lacon, 111., says with him it ])ears young; healthy tree; but not
productive nor profitable.

Miller, of Iowa. — Totally worthless in Central Iowa; discarded all over the State;
never saw a ripe one.

Jewell, of Minnesota. — ^Tree hardy, and more productive on timber than prairie
lands.

WiER, of Illinois. — Trees on prairie soil have not boi-ne ; tree hardy and grows
well; hope that it will succeed as it grows older.

Paul, of Massachusetts. — Grows well in Massachusetts and Eastern New York;
hardy when young, and a good bearer on all soils and in all localities.

DISCUSSION ON APPLES. 37

LiNDEEjrAN, of Michigan. — On the sandy soils of Western Michigan it produces
well and is a fair fruit; on the clay loams of the central and Eastei'n portions of the
State, it is not so productive, and scabs and cracks.

Masters, of Nebraska. — Healthy and hardy tree, liut not productive on the rich
prairie soils; but on the thinnest lands and on the bluffs, in a few oi'chards have seen
it producing well; should be cultivated only on thiu and sandy soils; on praiiie soils
its foliage turns yellow and then white ; would not recommend it for general cultivation
in Nebraska.

Atnerican Summer Pearmain was marked with * each for Georgia, Alabama,
Kentucky, Nebraska, South Carolina, Iowa and Minnesota, and ** foi' Virginia, District
of Columbia, Kansas and Maryland.

Early Harvest. — Berckjians would give this apple * for general cultivation in
Georgia (not a valuable market fruit), and ** for cultivation for femily iise.

It received ** for Alabama, District of Columbia, Kentucky and Tennessee,
and * for South Carolina, Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois and Virginia.

Col. Hakdee, of Florida, said "give it sixteen stars for our State."

Med Margaret or Striped June of the South, but declared to be Red Jurie,
received * for Georgia, and *" for South Carolina and Iowa.
Masters, of Nebraska. — Worthless in Nebraska.

Simimer Queen received ** for Georgia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Northern
Virginia and Alabama, and * for Southeastern Virginia.

Horse Apple received ** for Georgia, and, if synonymous with " Haas," the same
for Minnesota, and, if " Hoss," the same for Southern Illinois. There was a confusion of
names here.

Carolina Red June received ** for Georgia, District of Columbia, Virginia, Mary-
land, Kansas, Kentucky, South Carolina, Nebraska, and * for Iowa.

Flagg, of Illinois. — It shoidd be highly cultivated with us.

WiER, of Illinois. — If thoroughly cultivated, with trees low-headed and not allowed
to overbear, it is valuable.

Swninier Sweet Bough received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Kentucky and Connecticut, and * for Georgia, Kentucky, Alabama, Michigan and
Massachusetts.

Autumn Sweet Bough received ** for Georgia and Kentucky.

Buncombe received ** for Georgia, Kentucky, Alabama and South Carolina, * for
Iowa, * and a half for Kansas.

Carter''s Blue. — ** for Georgia.

Carolina Gi'eening. — ** for Georgia, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Alabama,
and * for District of Columbia and Maryland.

38 DISCUSSION ON APPLES.

White Winter Pearmain received ** for Georgia, Kentucky, Alabama, South
Carolina and from Dr. Howsley Kansas, while Dr. Stozman demanded and would
give it but one for Kansas. Iowa gave it *.

Bncktngham received ** for INIiddle Georgia, South Carolina and Virginia,
and * for Maryland and District of Columbia.

Flag«, of Illinois, said the Salem, which he had fruited two or three years, is
identical with this apple.

Taunton received """' for Middle Georgia, Kentucky and Alabama.

Ben Davis received ** for Georgia, Kentucky, Neln-aska and Kansas, and, foi'
market purposes alone, ** for Illinois and Iowa. It also received * foi' Alabama,
District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia.

Cannon Pearmain received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland and
Kentucky, and a * for Kansas.

Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, stated that it was introducc^d into Kentucky from
Virginia, in 1795, by Edward Darnaby.

Saul, of the Disti'ict of Columbia, said it originated in Loudon County, Va.

Williams, of Virginia, claimed it originated in Bradford County, which adjoins
Loudon.

Holly received " for Kansas, Kentucky and Georgia.

Janalushee received ** for Alabama, and * for Georgia and Kentucky.

MangiiDb (or Carter) received ** for Kentucky, Alabama and Kansas ; Howsley,
of Kansas, remarking that it is one of the best apples grown in Kansas. It received * for
Virginia and Georgia.

NichajacJc received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, and Alal)ama;
and * for Middle Georgia, Kentucky and Illinois ; one Illinois member remarking that he
thought it merited about * and a half.

Pri/or^s Red received ** for Georgia, District of Columbia, Maryland, North
Virginia, Kansas and Southern Illinois, and * for South Carolina and Iowa.

Allan, of Virginia. — It is useless as a market apple in East Virginia; is unpro'
ductive, and the tree is not healthy; it should only be recommended on account of its
quality; grown on strong soils in high localities, it is a useful apple for domestic use,
but not profitable.

Howsley, of Kansas. — Top-graft it, and it is excellent in Kentucky.

Flagg, of Illinois. — In some parts of Kentucky it has proved unhealthy ; in South
Illinois it is healthy and productive

Howsley, of Kansas. — It must l)e grafted al)ove ground, and it will prove
profitable.

DISCUSSION ON AIMM.KS. 39

Williams, of Virginia. — lu Northern Virginia it is entitled to *.

Chamberlain, of Virginia. — In the extreme northern part of Virginia it is a
valuable apple, hence I gave it **.

Langdon, of Alabama. — It does not succeed in South Alabama.

Miller, of Iowa. — It is one of the liest apples we grow ; bears late, but well when
once in bearing.

Gilpin received * for Virginia and South Carolina, Middle Georgia, District of
Columbia, Kentucky, Nebraska, Illinois and Minnesota, and ** for Kansas.
King, of District of Columbia. — In Maryland, it is excellent on rich soil.

ShocMey. — ** for Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Alabama and South Carolina; * for
Illinois.

Berckmans, of Georgia, says it is the best winter apple for Middle Georgia.

Flagg, of Illinois, says it is promising in Southern Illinois; tree strong and
vigorous.

Elliott, of Ohio. — Popular throughout the South.

StevensoTi's Winter received ** for Georgia and Alabama.

Yates received ** for Middle Georgia, Berckmans saying that it resembled Hall,
but is superior to it.

Large Striped Winter Pearmain received ** for Georgia, Kentucky and Kansas.

White Winter Pearmain received ** for South Cai'olina, Georgia, Kansas, Iowa,
and for Nebraska, if top-worked, otherwise *; it also received * for Virginia and
Illinois.

MasorHs Stranger^ Allan, of Virginia, said, is, for Eastern and Southern Virginia,
one of the best winter apples we have.

Pilot^ Allan, of Virginia, says, originated in Nelson County, Va., and is one of the
best apples for the Piedmont section of Virginia.

Winesap received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Iowa and Nebraska, and * for New Jersey, South Illinois and Michigan.

Rawle's Janet received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland, Kansas,
Kentucky, Nebraska, Iowa and Southern Illinois, and * for Northern Illinois.

Maiden's Blush received ** for Virginia, Kansas, New Jersey, Illinois, Iowa,
District of Columbia and Pennsylvania, and * for Massachusetts, Nebraska, Maryland
and Kentucky, Florida refusing to give it any.

Fallawater received ** for Michigan, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Kansas and
New Jersey.

Yellmo Newtown Pippin (Albemarle Pippin of Virginia, and other Southern
States,) received ** for the Piedmont region of Virginia and for Kansas.

40 DISCUSSIONS AND KKPURTS.

Yorh hnperial received ** for Virginia and Pennsylvania, and * for District of
Columbia and Maryland.

Winter Sweet Paradise received ** for Vii'ginia and Kansas.

LoudorHs Pippin received ** for Virginia, District of Columbia and Maryland.

Chamberlain, of Virginia, says the original tree was produced on the farm of Levi
White, Loudon County, Va., and is still a vigorous bearer ; has recently produced in
one season eighty bushels of marketable apples. It is a thrifty growing tree, spreads
very much ; fruit large, delicious in flavor, and promises to be one of the leading
varieties of winter apples in the South.

Adjoiirned to three o'clock in the afternoon.

AFTERNOON SESSION.

Society re-assembled at three o'clock in the afternoon, President Wilder in the
chair.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES,
Being in order, were received, as follows :

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FRUITS EXHIBITED.

The Committee ajipointed to make a record of thf uiiiulur of plates of liuit exhibited,
respectfully submit the following report :

From Nebraska State Horticultural Society, Nemaha County, R. W. Furnas, Secretary :
One hundred and thirty-four varieties of apples, twelve varieties of seedling ])eacli(>s, ten
varieties of pears, two varieties of plums, one variety of grapes. Tlie collecticm of seedling
peaches and apples attracted marked attention. Fourteen years ago not a single fruit tree
of any variety was grown in Nebi-aska.

Dr. Wylie. of South Cai-olina, exhibits forty vari(>ties ol s(>edling grapes, which are
fully described in his elaborate report on hybridization, sent to the Secretary of this Society.

Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., exhibit a collection of one hundred and tifty-
seven varieties of pears.

Franklin Davis, of Riclimond, \'a.:.One hundred and ninety-three varieties of apples,
thu'ty-one varieties of pears, two varieties of peaches.

H. R. Robey, Fredericksburg, Va.: Six varieties of grapes, twenty-three varieties of
apples, twenty-two varieties of pears.

Southern Illinois, grown at Cobden and its vicinity : Two hundred varieties of a|)ples,
fifteen varieties of pears ; exliibited by Parker Earle.

John Hopkins, Wilmington, N. C. : Scuppernong grape and the Muscadine Superior
(a seedling.)

Kansas State Agricultiu-al Society : Two himdred and lifty varieties of apples and thirty
varieties of pears.

UKPORTS (IF CO.M.MITTKES. 41

Marshall P. Wilder, of Boston, Mass.: Two hundred and thirty-two varieties of pears.
The largest ooUectiou contributed.

Wm. O. Hurt, Bedford County, \"a.: F'ifty-one varieties of apples.

Henry B. Jones, Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Va. : One hundred and ten varieties
of apples, ten varieties of pears, ten varieties of peaches.

California State Agricultural Society : Forty-one varieties of pears, thirty-six varieties
of apples, thirteen varieties of grapes, one orange, one dish of olives, one dish of quinces, and
one of plums.

Mark Miller, a delegate from Iowa, exhibits one hundred and eighteen vaiieties of
apples from Des Moines County, a section of the State where, but twenty-three years ago,
there was not an apjile tree of any kind.

H. Leonard, also from Iowa, exhilnts one hundred and thirty varieties of apples and
twenty-three varieties of pears.

G. F. C. Leighton, of Norfolk, \'a., exhibits eight vaiieties of pears, including magni.
ticent varieties of the Duchess, some of which weighed thirty and a half ounces; also Seckles
of very large size.

P. A. Jewell, of Minnesota: Sixty varieties of apples, including fine specimens of crab
apples.

F. & L. Chipp, of Boston: Twenty-nine seedling pears, among which were some of the
well known Ciapp's Favorite.

Michigan State Pomological Society, by M. Linderman, Agent, exhibits one hundred
and one varieties of apples, six varieties of grapes, nine varieties of peaches, eleven varieties
of pears.

C. C. Langdon, of Mobile, exhibits Scuppernong grapes.

Stephen W. Underhill, Croton Point, N. Y., exhibits Croton and Senasqua grapes.
George A\". Cam])bell, Delaware, Ohio : Martha grajje.

Tyree DoUins, Albemarle Coimty, Va. : One hundred and thirty -five varieties of apples.
Mansfield Call, Richmond, Va.: Four varieties of pears.

Wm. Parry, Cinnamonson, N. J.: Twenty-six varieties of pears and thirty-three
varieties of apples.

D. W. Herstine: New seedling I'aspberry, two varieties — Herstine & Saunders.
W. D. Breckenridge, Baltimore, Md.: Thirty-six varieties of pears.

J. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, N. Y.: Seedling grape ''Secretary."
Smith, Clark & Powell, Syracuse, N. Y.: Fifty-six varieties of pears.
Geo. W. Purvis, Nelson County, Va.: Five varieties of seedling peaches, one variety
of apples, one plate Catawlia grapes.

G. Gillingham & Co., Fairfax County, Va.: Eighteen varieties of apples and twenty-
one varieties of pears.

J. AV. Porter, Charlottesville, Va.: Four varieties of grapes and eleven varieties of

Will & Clark, Fayetteville, N. Y. : Twenty-two varieties of pears and live varieties of
apples.

Potomac Fruit Growers' Association : Eighteen varieties of apples, fifty-four varieties
of pears, three varieties of grapes, and one variety of figs.

J. C. Parker, of Richmond, Va. : One vaiiety of api)les.

Agricultural Department, Washington, D. C, by W. Saunders: Thirty-six varieties of
pears and six varieties of grapes.

4

43 KEPORTS OF CUJIMITTEES.

Mrs. S. E. Byers, of Texas : One case of dried iigs.

Virginia Nursery and Wine Company, Allaji, Johnston & Co., Agents: Eleven varieties
of native wines.

George Leick, of Cleveland, Ohio : Four varieties of native win^s.

F. W. Lemosy, of Norfolk, Va. : One variety of native wine.

G. Hoope, of Wilmington, N. C. : One variety of wine.

Whole nnmlx'r dishes of ap])les, sixteen hundred and twenty nine; whole number
dishes of pears, eight hundred and seventy-foiir ; whole numbei- dishes of grapes, eighty-
one; whole number dishes of peaches, etc., twenty-seven; total. Twenty-six hundred and
eleven.

Although not in the class of fruits, we cannot fail to mention the Faulonia ImperialiK,
seventeen feet high, one year from the seed, contributed by Messrs. Lcckenby & Lau'd, of
Richmond. This is considered one of the liiicst ornamental trees in the South.

John E. M. CIilley, of Massachusetts,

Chairman of Committee.

KKI'OKT OK CO.MMITTKE ON HKST COLLK('TION OF FKI'ITS.

The Committee on Special Pi'emiums for the best collection of a])ples, ])eachcs, pears

and grapes, report that the only entry meeting the requin'Uients of this jjnnnium is that from

Nebraska, and respectfully recommend that the premium of one hundred dollars offered by

the Virginia Pomological Society, be awarded accordingly.

\V. Saundeks,

W. Bkowk Smith,
P. J. Berckmans,

Committee.

Col. Furnas, of the Nebi'aska deley-ation, rose immediately after the reading of the
report, and said Nebraska did not send her fruits here to take premiums, and begged
leave to donate the premium awarded, to the American Pomological Society. The
donation was accepted, and three cheers given for Nebraska.

RFI'ORT OF COMMITTEE OX (iUAPE I'UKM IIMS.

We, the undersigned, appointed to award premiums on American grapes, as per special
premiums contributed by Charles Downing, Gen. R. L. Page, Hon. John B. Whitehead,
Messrs. Downward, Anderson & Co., and Messrs. Chas. T. Wortham & Co., respectfully
submit the following report, to wit :

1st. No collection of twenty varieties of American grapes found.

2d. No half-bushel of Flowers grape found.

3d. Premium of twenty dollars awarded to John Hopkins, Wilmington, N. C, for
half-bushel of Scuppernong grapes; who also exhibited a half-bushel of large black grapes,
which he called Muscadine Superior, and whi(-h he claims is a seedling of his.

4th. Premiiim awarded to Michigan State Pomological Society, of ten dollars for best
twelve bunches of Delaware grapes.

5th. Premium of ten dollars awarded to J. W. Porter, for best twelve bunches of

Norton grapes.

William Parry,

G. F. B. Leigiiton,

Comm,tttee.

REPORTS OF OOMMItTEES. 43

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON GRATUITIES.

To the President and 3f embers of the American Pomological Society :
Your Committee on Gratuities would report as follows :

1st. The premium of five dollars, offered by W. S. Butt, of Norfolk, Va., is awarded to
Dr. A. P. Wylie, of South Carolina, for his collection of hybrid grapes.

2d. The premium of five dollars, offered by Randolph & English, of Richmond, is
awarded to Mr. R. ^V. Furnas, of Nebraska, for his collection of seedling peaches.

3d. The premium of twenty dollars, offered by the Southern Fertilizer Company, of
Richmond, is equally divided, and awarded to the California collection of fruits, and to
Dollin & Bro., of Albemarle County, Va., for their collection of apples.

4th. The premium of twenty dollars or a medal, offered by G. F'. B. Leigh ton, of
Norfolk. Va., is awarded to the Kansas collection of fruits.

All of which is respectfully submitted. James H. Masteks,

H. B. ELLWAjraER,
T). W. Herstine,

Committee.
REPORT OF COMJIITTEE ON FIGS.

The Committee on Figs, etc., respectfully report, that they have awarded the premium
on same to Mrs. Chas. H. Rowland, of Norfolk, Va., for a large plate each of the following
varieties, viz.: White Ischa, Black Ischa and Brown Turkey. There were no oranges or
pomegranates on exhibition, and only a tVw indifferent olives.

Jxo. B. Whitehead,

C/iainnan nf OowmHtee.
REPORT OF ('0!\rMITTEK ON ADDITIONAL PREMIUMS.

Your (Committee appointed to examine fruit entered to compete for the list of Addi-
tional Premiums, respectfull}^ report, that inasmuch as these premiums were offered quite
late, no articles were entered for com])etition. The Committee take the liberty of suggesting
tliat the amounts offered as prizes be appropriated for the benefit of the Society, to be used
as premiums again, or otherwise, as maybe considered best ; provided the parties offering
such premiums, consent to such a disposition of them.

Respectfully submitted, W. C. Barry,.

R. L. Page,
D. B. WiER,

Committee,
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CONCUSSION.

To the President of tJie American Pomological Society:

Your Committee appointed to rejiort upon the discovery of Col. Lucius A. Hardee, of
Florida, as to the effect of concussion upon insect and vegetable life, etc., respectfully report
that we have listened to Col. Hardee's statement of facts and theory, and have examined his
attests of facts. We regret that we have had no personal opportunity to make practical
tests. Col. Hardee claims for his discovery —

1st. That concussion will destroy insect life, and brings facts to prove that the cotton
worm, curculio and other insects have been so destroyed, the past season.

2d. That violent concussion imparts new impetus to vegetable gi'owth and vitality.

44 EEPOKT.> OF COMMITTEES.

3d. That the concussion by tlie explosion of liU'ge (^nantities of powder in the atmo-
sphere, will i^revent, check or destroy the action of malaria and epidemic diseases.

These, in brief, are the claims. Your Committee do not regard the tests thus far

sufficient to establish these claims beyond doubt, but we cordially commend to this Society

the whole subject, as worthy of careful experiment by its members, and recommend that a

vote of thanks be tendered to Col. Hardee, for presenting his claims and making known his

discovery jrro hnno publico.

Chas. D. Bragdon,

w. sciiley,

" p. T. QUINN,

D. B. Herstine,
Geo. Tjiurbkr,

CdmmiUee.

report of committee on .special I'REMIUMS

Offered by the following parties, viz :

Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., fifty dollais for the largest and best
collection of apples, not less than fifty varieties, three specimens of each.

To Mark Miller, for the collection of a])ples from Iowa.

Mai'shall P. Wilder, of Boston, Mass., fifty dollars for the largest and best collection
of peai-s, not less than fifty varieties, tliree specimens each.

To Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, New York.

Thomas P. James, of Philadel])hia, Pa., thirty dollars for the largest and best
(•oUection of peaches, not less than ten varic^ties, of six specimens each.

Therc^ was no competition for this premium, Chas. Downing,

P. T. QlTINN,

J. S. Downer,

'5

Committee.

REPORT OF committee ON CODLING MOTH TRAP.

Your committee appointed to report on Thomas Wiei''s Codling Moth or Apple Worm
Tiap, would respectfully report that we have examined the same, and do find that, in our
opinion, it is a simple and efficient means for trap])ing this most destructive insect.

Chas. Downing,
Mark Miller,
P. T. QriNN.

Committee.
REPORT OF Cf)MMI'rrEE ON ADDITIONAL PREMIUMS.

The Committee on the following premiums, viz. : liy Smith, Clark & Powell, D. D. T.
Moore, Southern Planter and Farmer, and Rural Caiolinian, respectfully report that,
inasmuch as these premiums were offered quite late, no articles were entered for compe-
tition. The committee take the liberty of suggesting that tlie amounts offered as prizes
be appropriated for the benefit of the society, to be awarded as premiums again or other-
wise, as may be considered best, iirovided that ])arfies offering such premiums consent to

such disposition of them.

R. L. Page,

D. B. WiER,

Committee,

REPORTS OF COMJCITTEKS. _ 45

REPORT OF COMMITTEE OX WINES.

The Committee on AVines had that subject, last evening, 7tli instant, under considera-
ation, and beg leave to make the following report : At the outset it was determined that the
qualities of the wines should be indicated by a numerical standard, and that the number
"10" should be regarded as the maximum of excellence.

It is probable that the Committee, more accustomed to European wines, and taking
them as theii- guide, may have been influenced involuntarily in their judgments, and decreed
harshly. For, of all the wines exhibited, there were none exceeding two years of age, and
most of them but one ; and not three, in their estimation, came up to the maximum standard,
and they were Leicks' Norton and Concord, and Hooper' s Scuppernong.

In the determination of premiums, we observe in every case where offered, a dozen bot-
tles of any particular kind of wine required for exhibition. As this seems to have been a
general impression on the part of exhibiters, except in the case of Mr. Hooper, we therefore
decree that he is entitled to the premium of twenty dollars, oftered by C. D. Barbot, Esq.,

of Norfolk, Virginia.

W. H. Haxall,

W. GiLHAM,

Geo. S. Palmer,
G. A. Barksdale,

Committee.
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS.

To tlie President and Members of the American Pomological Society :

Your Committee appointed on Credentials, beg lea.ve to report as follows :

PENNSYLVANIA.

Pennsylvania. HoricuUvral Society. — Robert Buist, G. Emerson, Thos. Meehan,
Josiah Hoopes, Richard Wright, VV. Hacker, J. S. Houghton, W. Parry, 1). \V. Herstine,
S. W. Noble, S. C. Ford.

Pennsylvania Fruit Growers' Society. — J. E. Mitchell, H. M. Engle, Thos. Meehan,
T. B. Jenkins, S. W. Noble, Geo. Achelis, E. Satterthwait, Thomas M. Harvey, William
Hacker, S. B. Heiges, F. F. Merceron, Hiram Engle, Geo. B. Thomas, Abner Hoopes, Ed.
J. Evans.

NEW YORK.

NeiohurgJi. Bay Horticultural Society. — Charles Downing, Alfred Bridgeman, D. A.
Scott, Daniel Smith, J. C. Chapman, Charles Dubois, Charles Cornell, C. Gilbert Fowler
T. S. Force, William Gingell, Francis Kelley, E. H. Clark, Alexander Young, W. D.'
Humphries, Jos. V. Whelan.

Western Neto Yorl~ Horticitltural Society. — W. C. Barry.

MASSACHUSETTS.

MassacJiusetts Horticultnral Society. —Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, George Craft, Hon.
Joel Parker, Samuel Hartwell, Otis Cary, Hon. Thos. P. James, Jas. Cruickshank, Hon. Jas.
W. Clark, E. W. Cobb, Arthur Bryant, Robert Manning, E. W. Buswell, Frederick Clapp,
Lemuel Clapp, John E. M. Gilley, B. K. Bliss, John G. Barker, Benjamin G. Smith, J. C.
Hovey, E. F. Washburne, J. AY. Manning, H. H. Pilslniry, L. H. Felton, A. W. Felton, J.

46 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

H. Frothingham, A. Cushine. Jr., W. H. Spooner, W. R. Mann, George B. Piirfee, Edwin
Ho}4, J. P. Childs.

Essex Institute, Salem. — Robert Manning.

NEBRASKA.

NehrasJia State Ifarticiiltiiral Society. — James H. Masters, Robert W. Furnas.

KANSAS.

Kansas State TfoiiifiiJIiirnl Society. — Dr. W. M. Howsel}', Dr. J. Stayman.

MICHIGAN.

State Pomological Societi/. — A. T. Linderman, S. TI. Evarts.
State Agricultural Society. — A. 'Y. Linderman.

SOUTH CAROLINA.

state Agricultural and MecJi.a,nical Society. — Di'. A. P. Wylie, E. C. McLurn, Wm.
H. Bianley, Josepli H. Foster.

TENNESSEE.

Giles County Fniit flrowers Society.— B. V. Carter, S. E. Rose, IT. C. Bate, A. Cox.

NEW JEKSEY.

State Agricitllnral Society. — 1'. T. Quinn.

Bricksburg Agricntlunil and Iforticiiltnral Society. — Jolin S. Calkins.

Monmonth County Agr icnt I unit Society. — Benjamin V,. I lance.

CONNECTICUT.

State AgriciiUiiral Society. — W. TI. Yeomans.

VIRGINIA.

HorticiiltiiraJ and Pomological Society. — J. R. Rpuiii. Capt. C. H. Dimmock. J. M.
Porter.

GEORGIA.

State Horticultural Society. — J. S. Newman, Hon. Wm. Sclile}', P. J. Berckmaiis.

State Agricultural Society. — P. J. Berckmans.

Cotton States Meclianics" and AgricuUnnd Fair Assodation. — P. J. Berckmans.

ILLINOIS.

state Horticultural Society. — Arthur Bryant, W. C. Flagg, D. B. Weir. Parker Earle.

MINNESOTA.

state Horticultural Society. — P. A. Jewell.

CALIFORNIA.

state Board of Agriculture. — P. Barry, M. P. Wilder, C. T. Jennings.

REPOETS OF COMMITTEES. 47

IOWA.

State Ayrk-ultural College. — Mark Miller.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

Potomac Fruit (rroioers' Ansociation. — William iSaunders, P. H. Folsoin, J. H. (ij-ay,
H. Araidon, Thomas Taylor, Jno. B. Clagett, D. S. Curtiss, Ed. Daniels, Gr. E. Chamberlain
Chalkley Gillingham, John Saul, D. Darby, D. O. Munson, Ira Hopkins, J. B. Bryan, J'
E. Snodgrass, Z. M. P. King, W. H. Lipscomb.

Department of Agriculture. — John B. Russell, William Saunders.

William Saunders,
W. Brown Smith,
(teo. Ellwanger,

Committee.

In addition to the abov^e, the Secretary of the American Pomological Society woukl
make special notice and give commendation to M. P. Handy, of the Richmond Dispatch
and Col. Gilmau, of the Enquirer^ for their complete record made of the Society's
proceedings, and from which he has availed himself largely in the making up of the
present report.

He would also note the attendance upon the meeting of Hon. A. Mori, Japanese
charge d'affaires.

report of committee on native fruits.

The Committee on Native Fruits respectfully report, that since the last meeting of the
Society a large number of new varieties, of American origin, have been brought to notice.
A large number of these new varieties have not been fruited at other than the place of their
origin. Some of them will doubtless prove synonymous with old sorts. Many Avill most
likely pi'ove to be of little value ; whilst a few will be important additions to the catalogue
of useful sorts. The Committee would take this occasion to congratulate the American
Pomological Society, and the fruit growers of the country in general, tliat so much intelli-
gent and persevering effort is now being given to the production of new and improved
varieties, in all parts of our country.

With the limited knowledge of your Committee concerning the particular character-
istics and qualities of a majority of these new varieties, they have thought it best to merely
enumerate them in the following manner, so as to place them on record in tlie Society' s
Ti-ansactions and bring them to the attention of cultivators ; at the same time cautioning the
public in reference to planting more than one of a kind, until its value has been more widely
tested and acknowledged.

apples.

Ripley. — (Syn.) Ripley Claret, Ripley Claret Seedling. This apple is described by
W. C. Flagg, Esq., in Tiltov} s Journal of Agriculture, as introduced by J. S. Peers, of
Collinsville, Madison County, Illinois, and a seedling grown by N. L. Ripley, of that place.

The fruit is medium to large ; oblate ; generally somewhat conical ; somewhat lop-sided ;
calyx large and closed ; stem medium in length and rather slender ; skin smooth and
shining ; color a greenish ground, nearly covered with a brilliant crimson, and marked with

48 KEPOBTS OF COMMirrEKS.

numerous white dots; Hesh white, lirni, moderately juicy, sub-acid, and in quality very
good to best; core rather small; season, August and September. The tree is said to be
thrifty, well shaped and tolei'ably productive.

Sylvan Stoeet Crab Apple. — Under the above name, we have a small, round, red apple,
sent us by A. L. Hatch, of Ithaca, Richland County, AVisconsin. It is a pretty fruit, of a
mild, sweet and tendt^r flesh, and where such varieties as the Jersey Sweet, Sweet Bough,
etc., cannot be grown, may be valuable.

Mr. Hatch writes, that "it originated in the grounds of C. P. Ailing, fiom seed of
Siberian ; the original tree being now (1871 ) nine ^ears old. The tree very symmetrical aiul
productive."

Large for a crab; round; regular; light carmine red on warm yellow ground; many
light yellow gray dots; stem slender; calyx with retlexed segments; flesh yellowish white,
tender, rather cLy, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; August and September. Originated
by C. P. Ailing, from seed of the Siberian.

O. A. Kenyon, of McGregor, Iowa, sends, September 22, 1871, a cral) that, as rec-eived,
is ripe. He writes, "it will kee]) until Ktlnuary."

Fruit large for a crab; conical; licli 3('ll()w, mostly overspread with carminf! I'ed, in
stripes and shades ; calyx in a corrugated ])rq)(!cti(m; sti'm slender, sliort ; licsii yellowish.

Fay" s Joe Apple. — This is a variety supposed to be a hybrid between Early Joe and
Siberian Crab, specimens of which we have received from Charles Andrews, Esq., of
Marengo, lU. It was raised by L. Woodward, of Marengo.

The fruit is about the size of Early Joe; oblate; yellow, grained with broken stripes of
carmine red; llcsh while, granular; like sharp sand moistened with acid water to the palate,
good when you are educated to it, as is said of eating saur kraut.

Taft. — This came fiom S. F. Taft, Hannibal, Mo., who claims it a seedling, and says a
notice of it was ])ublished in tin' .lournni of Ayriculture.

Fruit small or below medium; oblate; deep lii-h orange yellow ground, with
shades and broken stripes of vermilion red; many small russet dots, with occasional
deep indenture and patch of russet ; stem short, slender, set in an open but deep cavity ;
calyx with half-open segments; basin broad, moderately deej); flesh white, fine-grained,
moderately teiuh'r; mild sub-acid, witli a rich, peculiar aroma and flavor; very good;
cone small; seeds })lump; season, JS^oveml)er to March.

Roc7iester Pippin. — This is an ajtple brought to notice! by the Western New York
Horticultural Society.

It is of full, medium size ; roundisli, oblique, oblate ; greenish yellow ; Hesh breaking,
pleasant sub-acid ; winter.

Rose Red. — John J. Thomas notes this as an apple originating in Egypt, Monroe
County, N. Y., and ripening in September.

Sedgwick. — This apple is described by Thomas, as follows : Grafts were sent me some
years since, by Lewis Jones, of CentreviUe, Ind., which liore the past season fine specimens,
and were of very good quality.

Fniit large, roimdish ; oblate ; yellow, covered with deep, rich red, and obscurely
splashed and striped with a darkei- hue, and many light, irregular shaped dots ; stalk slender,
inserted in a large and broad cavity, russeted, which often extends in rays bej'ond the

KEI'OK'l'S OF COJl.MITTEES. 49

cavity; calyx closed; basin large, uneven; flesh yellowish, a little coarse, .juicy, tender,
mild sub-acid, rather rich, slightlj' aromatic ; quality very good ; core small.

Mr. Thomas also describes the following, which is probably no more nor less than the
Tuttle, of Downing; and reference to Mr. Thomas' descriptions of Tuttle and Tuttle of
Geneoa, indicate thereof; but we give Mr. Thomas' descrijition of

Tuttle of Geneva. — (xrafts of this were sent me some years since from Geneva, N. Y.,
from Mr. Tuttle, but I know nothing of its origin, growth or bearing qualities. It produced
fruit the ])ast season, whicli was of very good quality.

Fruit medium; roundish oblate, slightly angular ; pale yellow, moderately spi'inkled
with brown dots ; stalk short, slender, medium cavity ; calj^x closed ; basin abrupt, deep,
corrugated; flesh white, flue, tender, .juicy, pleasant sub-acid; qiiality very good; core
small.

The following also comes from John J. Thonuis:

KcJtin/Icr' s Sicert. — A large, show}^ apple, ripening in October, originated on the lands
of Rensselaer Scliuyler, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Tree in vigor and form resembles the Baldwin,
and is productive.

Fi-uit large; roundish, inclinuig to loundisli oblate ; pale yellow, with a few scattering
blown dots ; stalk slender, inserted in a large deep cavity ; calyx closed ; basin large, deep,
slightly corrugated; flesh whitish, half flue, tender, moderately juicy, pleasant sweet;
quality good to verj' good ; core small.

Farna-s Apptc. — From Col. R. W. Furnas, Brownsville, Nebraska, we have a new
apple which, by the Colonel's friends, has been named the Farnus.

It is of full medium size ; roundish oblate conical, slightly obliqiie ; pale j^ellow ground,
marbled and blotched in sun with vermilion red dots, scattering, many of them sunken, as
it were, with a dull cast, as of bitter rot; stem set in a regular, deep, yet open cavity; calyx
lialf-closed, with pointed, half-recurved segments; basin iri'egulai-, abruj)!, and mocleratel}^
deep and smooth ; flesh whitish, half coarse with a spongy grain, a sharp sub-acid and void
of aroma ; good to almost very good ; core medium ; deca.y at outer line ; seeds abundant.

Col. Furnas writes that "this season we have no fruit, yet the Furnas is well laden.
On the ground of production, when no others fi'uit, it nuiy be a valuable sort, otherwise we
can see no good in it, as compared with nuuiy old sorts known too well in Nebraska."

W/iilcscdrrrr. — John Saul, Washington, I). C, sends an apple under the name of
WJiitc-scdicrr. It is of large size, with a smooth surface, only blurred or marred by the
peculiar green mold which belongs to all our Southern grown apples. In quality it is .fust of
that crispy, bi-eaking, tender, mild, .juic}', sub-acid flesh which geneially pleases all. Of its
history, Mr. Saul writes, "that it originated in the grounds of a gentleman by name of
Whitescarver, in Rappahannock County, "\'a., and was named after him. The tree is a
good grower and bearer."

Fruit large; form oblate roundisli ; color, jiale 3'ellow green, with a few si'attering

specks or dots, irregular in size, whicli on the sun-exposed side are carmine, and on the

shade side dark gi'een, with a suffused white surrounding; stem short; cavity narrow;

calyx small, closed ; segments usiially erect, sometimes slightl}' recxirved ; basin moderatelj''

deep ; broad at base ; flesh yellowish -white, nu)derately flue grained, crisp, tender, juicy,

pleasant, sub-acid ; very good, almost best ; core large, open, hollow center ; seeds quite

pointed ; season November and December.
5

50 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

ALscriioii' -s Early. — From Suel P^oster; orioiii said to be Columbiana County, Ohio;
as early as Early Harvest ; more acid and better tor cooking, but not as good an eating
apple ; slow grower, with thick, stout limbs. Fruit of medium size ; oblate ; pale yellow ;
flesh white, tender, juicy, brisk sub-acid ; good.

Bailey's Crimson Crab. — Originated with Wm. H. Bailey, Plattsburgh, N. Y. Tree
vigorous, upright, very productive and very handsome.

Fruit medium oi' hirge for its class ; roundish, inclining to conic ; skin yellow, shaded
over the whole suiface with deep rich crimson ; tiesli similar to other Siberian crabs.

3Ia]iaska or Miller ^^^7e.— Raised by Abram Miller, of Black Oak township?
Mahaska County, Iowa. Ti'ee moderately vigorous, si)reading, productive.

Fruit large ; roundish oblate ; skin whitish-yellow, shaded, splashed and striped with
light and dark rich red ; flesh whitish, half-flne, tender, juicy, mild, rich, sub-acid ; very
good ; ri])(> .lanuary to ]\Iarch.

Pen. — Said to have originated in the borough of Columbia, Pa., on the premises of the
Misses Betsey and Emily Wright, near a hoj) ])en, hence its name. Tliis is distinct from
Wm. Penn, and a largei- and better fruit. Some claim it to be Baldwin, while others say it
is distinct and a better fruit.

Fruit laig*> : roundisii oltlate. sliglitly conic : skin yellow, nearly covered with dark
rich red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, mild, lich, sub-acid; very good; ri]i(» from
December to Marcli.

Strihling. — Originated with thi' late \\'illiam Stiibling, Medon, Tennessee. Tree
vigorous, forming a round head ; an early and aluindaiit bearer.

Fruit medium; olilate ; skin wliitisli, nearly covered with broad splashes and stripes
of deep rich red, almost ])urplisli in tlie sun ; flesh white, tender, moderately juicy, mild
sub-acid ; good to very good ; ri])ens just after Early Tlai'vest.

Gorins Rnssef. — Supposed origin, Hartford County. Ky. Described l)y F. K. Pilliott
in Rural Kew Yorker, March 18, 1871. A winter apple, of medium size, dull crimson
russet color, very good in quality.

Boyd. — First described by AVar(h'r, in Ohio Transactions, 1869, afterward by Elliott, in
Rural Neio Yorker, with history, giving origin Monioe (!ounty, Ky. Late winter.

Curiosity. — Described in Western Farmer, as oi-iginating at Waupun, Wis. Valued
for cooking.

Mount Gilead Be(nily. — Originated from seed planted by Johnny Appleseed, in Mount
Gilead, Ohio, and described by F. R. Elliott in Rural New Yorker, 1871. A winter sort;
of medium size ; yellow, with red ; aromatic sub-acid.

Pyle. — Origin, Delaware County, Pa., and described in Gardener' s Monthly as valuable
for cooking, and as keeping well during winter.

Early Queening. — Described by Dr. Stay man in We.s-tern Poinoloyist, as valuable
during July, and as having come ft-om Dr. Waring, of Tyrone, Pa.

Bernj. — A varii^ty of the crab, described liy Elliott in Rural New Yorker, 1870, as from
Minnesota. Small, and of little value.

Galena,. — A crab or Siberian apple, originated at Sabula, Iowa, and described by
Elliott in Rural Neio Yorker. Not valuable.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 51

Hiaioatha. — Originated at Fond du Lac, Wis. Described by Elliott in Rural New
YorTcer, 1870, as of medium size ; roiindisli ; dull yellow and blush. Second quality.

Sinnnuiis. — Originated at Fond du Lac, Wis., and described by pjUiott as small, good,
maturing midsummer.

Onarrfa. — Described in Westrrn Rural as the product of Mrs. Diana Harper, Onarga,
111. Of medium size ; round, oblate ; red striped ; quality very good ; October to January.

PewavJcee. — Originated at Pewaukee, Wis. Described by O. S. Willey in the Horti-
ciilliirisf, as of medium size; round, obovate ; with yellowish-wliite Hesh ; sub-acid flavor;
in use from January to June.

^emjx'r. — Originated with E. Ware Sylvester, Lyons, N. Y., and described by Elliott
m. Rural New Yorlt'rr, 1870. as of medium size; roundish, oblate, conical; sub-acid; and
a long keeper.

Newv/lle. — This variety is of Pennsylvania origin, and supposed to have originated
from trees planted by the father of the present Commissioner of ^Vgricidture, Wm. Ramp.
It has been called Sharp's A})])le, Sharp's Seedling and Sharp's Mountain. Specimens sent
to F. R. Elliott, in 1870, caused him to make description in Rural Noi^ Yurl-er, under
name of Netoville, as a very good apple ; an early winter.

Otoe Red Fftreak. — Originated in Otoe County, Nebraska. Forwarded to F. R. Elliott
by R. W. Furnas, and by Elliott described in Rural New Yorker, 1870. An apple of tine
size, great beauty and superior quality in its section of origin ; October to January.

Noyes. — Introduced by O. H. Brown, of Minot, Maine, and described by Elliott in
Rural New Yorker, who says it is below medium size ; roundish, oblate ; red ; with a
tender, juicy, mild, sub-acid tiesh ; in season, November to February.

Briar Sweet. — A variety of the Siberian crab, brought to notice by A. G. Tuttle, of
Baraboo, W^is., and described by Elliott in Rural New Yorker. Size large for a crab
variety ; oblong, truncate ; yellow and red ; witlv a mild, sweet, tender tiesh ; September.

Pride of Minneapolis. — Originated by James Wyman Elliott, in 1855, and described
by F. R. Elliott in 7j'^//'«7 New Yorker, 1870, as about size of large yellow Siberian crab;
pale yellow ; and in season, October.

Pride of the Prairie. — From tlie same source as above, and by the same describer ;
greenish yellow ; good to very good.

Winter Gem.— One of C. Andrews' introductions; noted in liural New Yorker; sharp
sub-acid; good.

Mollie. — Claimed to have originated at Lake Minnetouka, Minnesota, from seed of the
Duchess of Oldenburgh ; and described by P]lliott in Rural New Yorker, as of medium size ;
oblate ; pale yellow green ; flesh half-tender, mild sub-acid ; November and Decembei-.

Reliance. — Introduced by G. N. Smith, of W^isconsin, and described by Elliott in
Rural Neio Yorker, as belonging to the class of Colvilles, and of good to very good quality.

Northern Blush. — This is another of G. N. Smith's introductions; described by
F. R. Elliott, as of medium size ; pale yellow, with blush in sun ; tiesh hardly good ;
December.

Quaker Beauty, Hooper's Blush, Beaelter t^weet and Stewart's Sweet, are all of the
Sibei-ian class, described by Elliott in Rural Neio Yorker, 1870.

52 EEPORTS OF COMMITl'EES.

Orange, Angular, Conical, HutcMnso/t s Winter Fiwect and Etireka, are also of the
Siberian class, and described m Rural Ifew Yorker, 1870, hy Elliott.

Sherman's Sweet. — Introduced to notice by H. T. Brooks, of New York, who claims
its origin in Wyoming County, N. Y., and describes it as of medium size ; greenish yellow;
with a half-tender, juicy, sweet flesh ; November to January.

The Geneva or Ladij Elgin is of tlic Silierian, and (l('s<'rib('d by Tlumias in the Country
Gentleman, as of value almost comparative witli Lad}' A])ple, ripening eatable early in
autumn, and keeping until midwinter.

Skinner'' fs Seedling \i^ Aei^crWicA by tlie San Jose AgrieaJturist, as a new California
apple, grown from seed sown in 1854; valua1)lr fioiii tlic middle of August to tlie middle of
Septemlier.

Potter's Early. — Described by Flagg in, TUton' s Journal oj' llniticnlture, as small to
medium ; very good ; and ripe early in July in Southern Illinois.

PEACHES.

Richmond. — Originated hj and with Dr. Sylvester, of AVestern New York, and
described by Elliott in Rural Neio Yorker and in Hortirultiiral Annual, 1870.

Lawrence. — Introduced by \Vm. K. Tipton. Jerusalem, Monroe County, Ohio, who
says it is of the size and superior quality of Hale's Early, and ripens six to right days earlier.

Southwick's Ty^r/c— Origin, Dansville, N. Y. Described in Tilton's Journal as large,
I'oundish, yellowish white, with wliiti^ tlesh ; freestone ; sisason, last of September.

PLUMS.

Imperial TFa-vZ/m/yfo??.— Described by O. S. Willey, as a seedling of G. P. Peffer,
Pewaukee, Wis.; of a red color, with light yellowish specks; Hesh greenish yellow, tender,
half sei)arating from stone ; jji'oductive ; September.

Blue Tweens is described by the writer above named, as very hardy ; of good quality ;
October.

STRAWBERRIES.

Mary White. — Originated with Matthew Crawford, Ohio; is aftei- the style of Jennings
White, and described by Elliott in Rural JS'eio Yorker, 1870.
Sterling. — Same origin and reference as al)ove.
Margaret. — Same origin and reference as preceding.

PEARS.

The Weltz Pear. — Originated at Wilmington, Ohio, and described by F. R. Elliott in
Moore's Rural New Yorker, of 15th April, 1871, as a pear of large size; oblong, obovate,
pyriform ; and quality only good for cooking.

Eliot's Early. — Raised by Jiidge Chas. Eliot, of Petite Cote township, Ontario. Tree
vigorous, hardy and very productive ; ripens a few days before Madeline, of which it is said
to be a seedling. Fruit small ; pyriform ; skin pale, greenish yellow, with a shade of
brownish red when exposed to the sun; flesh whitisli, juicy, melting sweet and a little
perfumed; good to very good ; July.

IIKPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 53

CHERRIES.

James Dougall, of Windsor, Ontario County, Canada, sends us, 20tli of June, 1871, a
seedling olieny, wliicli he writes, "is a decidedly Weeping Bigarreau,'' and he has given it
the name of Weeiting Napoleon or Napoleon in Elba. It is a great bearer, and the main
stalk is ten feet high, from whence the branches commence, and drooj) as they grow, like an
umbrella or Weeping Kilmarnock AVillow. The young trees propagated from it are very
pendulous, and should be propagated on high stems. Mr. Dougall also writes, that he has
a seedling from Early Purple Guigne, larger and more round in tlie l)eny, and ten days
earlier. The color is similar, the flavor better, the leaf largvj- and l)roader, and the twigs
not pendulous.

GRAPES.

Kalamazoo. — Said to have been raised from seed of Catawba, by Mr. Dixon, of
Steubenville, Ohio. Vine vigorous and very productive; bunch large, long, often shoul-
dered, compact ; berry large, round, dull red or chocolate color, with a lilac bloom ; skin
thick ; flesh soft, not quite tender all through ; sweet, but not as rich as Catawba. It is said
to ripen ten days earlier.

To the above we add the report of the temporary Committee on the New Fruits
exhibited at Richmond.

Richmond, September 8. 1871.

To the President and Members of the American Pomological Society :

The Committee on Native Fruits respectfully r('])ort, that the following new varieties on
exhibition have been examined by them :

APPLES.

By J. Ravenscroft Jones, Brunswick County, Va.: Masorts Stranger; unripe;
examined in February by one member of the Committee, w^ho thinks highly of it. Pilot ;
unripe. Eight unnamed seedlings ; unripe.

Dimoiddie. — From W. W. Dinwiddle. Albemarle County, Va.

BroiDn's Seedling. — F. Davis & Co., Rockbridge County, Va.

S/iarp. — Chester County, Pa. Summer apjile ; tender; .juicy; good.

A Seedling. — W. W. Dinwiddle, Albemarle County, Va. Fair looking; unripe.

Seedlings fi'om H. B. Jones, Rockbridge County, Va. Some fail- looking, but all
unripe.

Seedling. — G. W. Purvis, Nelson County, Va. Fail- looking ; unripe.

Via. — By Dollins & Bro., Albemarle County, Va. Good.

Also by the same Arm: Yanci/s Prize; good to very good. Matilda ; good to very
good. Ragland ; very good.

Baker.— By Parker Earie, Cobden, 111.

Red Sweet Pippin. — By Parker Earle, of Illinois.

Nebraska Seedling No. 1. — Col. Furnas, Brownsville, Nemaha County. Good.

Nebraska Seedling No. 2. — Col. Furnas. Scarcely good.

Nebraskian . — J. H. Masters, Nebraska City. Good.

64 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

Garden Beauty. — By P. A. Jewell, Minneapolis, Minn. Good.
Forest Queen. — By the same. (toocI.

Kansas Queen. — Raised by B. Atkinson, and exhibited by Dr. Stayman, Leavenwoitli.
Very handsome ; quality good ; over ripe ; promising well.

Kiiiisas BeUefleiir. — Dr. Stayman. \'ery good.
Kaiisd.^ F/ppiii. — Dr. Stayman.

TEARS.

Tioeidii-foiir t^eedJiiHfs. — PromF. & L. Clapp, Boston, ^fass. Of ]>i'omising (character,
but tiavor imi)aii-od bv the ])aeking material.

PEACHES.

Fire Seedling Clinf/s. — From G. W. Pnrvis, Nelson County, \'a. Kot ri]ie.
A large quantity se(>dlings, from Mi'. Lindennan, Grand Uaj)ids, Mich.; but no
numbers or names by wliieh any one can be referred to.

The same is to hi' said of Seedlings, by .1. II. Masters. Nebrasl\a City.

PLms.
Seedlings from P. A. .b'well. Lake City, Minnesota.

GRAPES.

Hybrids, by Di-. A. P. Wylie, Chester, S. C. A large collection of these were offered
by Dr. \V3'lie. 'I'licy wen^ for the greater part of such excellent character, as regards tiavor
and general ap])earance, as to preclude the Comnuttee from deciding wliich weiv the best.
One, however — liefer Wylie, A'o. 1 — was of a particularly excellent charactei-. The
Committee feel that too much can scarcely be said in praise of Dr. Wylie' s persevering
efforts in tlu^ improvement of tlie grape.

Sewppernong Seedling. — By John Hopkins, Wilmington, N. C.

Secretary. — By Jas. H. Ricketts, Newburgh, N. Y. Not ripe.

Concord Ilylirid Seedling. — G. \N\ Cam]ibi'l], Delaware, O. A wliite vai'iety, with
Chasselas Musque for its male parent. Bunch iiicdiujii ; berry medium to large; flavor
very good ; promising well.

From the same: Another Seedling Hybrid. \Vliit(': bunch medium; berj-y large;

also promising well.

P. J. Berckmans,

Chas. Downing,

Thomas Meeiian,

W. C. Flago,

P. T. QniNN,

Commiltee.

report of committee on foreign fruits.

Since the last session of the Society, a very small number of foreign varieties of fruits,
worthy of commendation, has come to the notice of your Committee. Some of the pears
mentioned in the last report, as being introduced from Eurojie witli high recommendations,
but not then fruited in this country, have since been tested to a limited extent. Of these

KEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Oil

Beurre cle V Assomjition and S^oiicenir du Congres are the most inipoitaiit. Both these
varieties promise to be valuable acquisitions. The trees are vigoroiis and frnitiul, and the
fruit of large size and good qualit_v. DvcJiesse de Bordeaux has also been fruited in several
localities, and promises to be a good late pear, but requiring good soil and warm season and
climate to bring it to perfection.

The following varieties have been fruited last year and this :

DucTiesse Precoce. — September. A large pyramidal, handsome fruit; skin greenish
yellow ; flesh melting, juicy, sprightly. Will rank as good, and, on account of size and
appearance, will make a good market fruit. Tree a moderate grower, and very prolific.

Longue de Bosquet. — September. Fruit medium size, conical, regular, not unlike
Tj^son ; skin yellow, with red cheek ; flesh greenish or j^ellowish, melting, juicy, sprightly,
excellent.

Loriulde Bdrney. — September. Fruit medium size; resembles Sterling, but darker,
covered with light streaks of red. A fine, melting peai', and a vigorous grower.

Bonne de Pnlfs, Ansaiilt. — September. Size medium to large; skin russet, like the
Cxolden Beurre of Bilboa; flesh melting, juicy and very fine grained; sweet, with a rich
flavor and aroma. A first class fruit. Tree a vigorous grower.

TJierese Appert. — Described by F. R. Elliott in Rural New Yorlier, as first fruited in
this country by EUwanger & Barry. It is obovate, pyramidal ; yellowish ; with a flesh
slightly granular, melting, rich and juicy ; ripening in October. Tree a good grower.

Delices de la Meuse. — Described in Le Bo//, and again by Elliott, with a figure, in
Bural New Yorker, July, 1870.

Beurre Woronzon. — Described by Elliott in Bural New Yorker, 1870, as of medium
size; obovate, pyriform ; juicy, but only good in quality.

Calehasse d'Oefohre. — October. Fruit lai-ge, long, pyriform ; skin smooth, pale yellow,
with a fine ruddy tint on one side ; flesh melting, fine grained and juicy. Tree vigorous.

Maurice Desportes. — October. Size medium to large; pyriform, tapering to a point
at stem ; of a dull yellow color, with russet streaks, mottled a litth^ like Paradis d'Automne,
but less russet ; flesh fine grained, sweet and melting ; not high flavored. A good grower.

St. Francois Selgner. — A foreign variety, fruited by Ellwanger & Barry, in 1870, and
described by Elliott in Rural New Yorker, as of medium size ; roundish, oblate, conical ;
dull yellow, with stripes of red in sun ; flesh coarse, and only good.

Pitmaston BurJiesse d' AngouJeme. — Originated at Pitmaston, England. First fruited
in this country by John Saul, Washington, D. C, in 1870, and described and figured by
Elliott in Bural Neio Yorker, as of large size; pale yellow, marbled with cinnamon russet;
with a buttery, rich, juicy, sweet flesh. Early October.

Mme. Baptiste Desportes. — October. Fruit medium to large ; roundish oval ; skin
yellow, marked with russet; flesh very fine, melting; similar in flavor to Edmonds; first
rate. A medium grower.

Henri Desportes. — September. Of medium size; turbinate; greenish yellow; juicy,
melting, sprightly ; wall keep well.

Hny she's Prince of Wales. — N'ovember. Medium to large ; form oval, with stalk over
an inch long; skin dull yellow, with russet specks; flesh white, rather coarse, vinous, juicy
and rich.

56 DISCUSSION ON PKARS.

Br. Lindlcy. — Xovember. Size medium; skin smooth and yellow; flesh crisp and
sweet.

Plantagenet. — October. Medium size ; skiu greenish yellow ; flesh melting, sweet,
vinous, juicy, excellent; \\\\\ rank as best.

Mme. Andre Leruy. — Fruit large ; skin thick, greenish yellow, with small dots and
mottled on one side with red; flesh fine, melting, very juicy, sprightly sometliing like
Duchesse; ver}^ good. Fruited, 1871, by Ellwanger & Barry. Figured and described by
Elliott in American Mural Home.

Ahne Ogereau. — September. Medium size ; form roundish, often with a suture on one
side from stem to eye; color yellow, with russet dots, washed witli ri'd on one side; flesh
white, melting, juicj'. excellent. Eipens with BaitU'tt. and ])romises to be a handsome,
excellent fruit, especiallj' for the amateur.

Madame Treyne. — September. Size medium; pyramidal; coloi- olive yellow, some-
times marki'd witli fawn color on sliady side, but reddisli on ojiposite side; juicy, sweet,
melting, perfumed. A first class pear.

PKACHES.

Salway. — First introduced to notice hy Thomas Kivers, England, and first fruited in this
country by H. II. IlunniweU, of \Velle.sley, near Boston, and first described in this country
by F. R. Elliott. It is a variety of consideral)](" promise, for all Southern ])each growing
localities. It is lai'ge to verj' lai'ge in size; crt-aniy yi'llnw ; with a tlii<'k deep yellow
flesh, stained with red at the stone; and in season, according to climate, from 1st October
to 10th November.

Quite a number of v;uietii's of ai)])les from Ndrtiieiii fairo^te, especially trom Russia,
have r(>cently been im})orted, but none of tliem are yet sufficiently tested to justify a notice
of them.

No new cherries or plums worthy of notice. Many new varieties of jjcaclies, fiHjm
France and England, have been received within tlie past two or three years, but they are not
yet satisfactorily tested.

New sti'awberries continue to lie introduced, especially trom France. Najioleon III
and a few others have, in rare instances, been reported as successful ; but, in general, they

are of little value in our climate.

CtEORGE Ellwanoei!,

Chairman of CommHtei:

DISCUSSION ON PEARS.

'^ The reports of Committees being received, read, and referred — as see preceding
pages — the Society took up the values of pears, which, on uiotion of members, were
ordered to be starred in the Catalogue as follows, viz.:

Bartlett received ** for Georgia, Alabama, Kansas, Virginia, Iowa, Disti'ict of
Columbia, Maryland, Illinois, Kentucky, Xebi-aska, New Jersey, Rhode Island and —
some one said — "for all other States."

Belle Lucrative received ** foi- Middle Georgia, South Carolina, District of
Columbia, (Saul asserting that it is one of the best pears in the District,) and Mary-
land.

DISCUSSION ON PEARS. 57

QuiNN, of New Jersey. — We can not sell it in the New York market. It is worth-
less as a market fruit, and I can not recommend that it be i:)lanted for such purpose. '

WiER, of Illinois. — Would give it ** for family use for Illinois, but none for
market purposes. It received ** from Kansas, Rhode Island, Alabama and Connec-
ticut, for home use, and * from Michigan and South Carolina for the same purpose.

Mr. Saul said he starred or double starred a variety, looking to its value for a
gentleman's own use. He had nothing to -do with valuing a fruit for the New York
market, and did not intend that his judgment, relative to the quality and value of
a fruit, should be predicated on the public taste, or general market value. What he
worked for, and supposed the Society was toning to, was the quality of a fruit,
combined with its character of growth, productiveness, tfec, to make product for the
delicate and refined tastes of the lovers of fruit. He had no knowledge of, and cared
less, for what the public, as a mass of roughs, demanded in the Nevp York or other
markets; that was a point, as he counted it, aside from what was designed to be taught
in the designation of varieties of fi-uits, i-ecommended by the American Pomological

If this were understood, then there would be a Market and an Amateur List in
the Catalogue, which he favoi-ed.

Messrs. W. C. Barky and Chamberlain agreed with Mr. Saul in the value of a
record for amateurs, as well as mai'ket culture.

Mr. BKAGDOisr thought, and moved, that there should be one star for market, and
two for family use. The motion was carried, and, to a certain extent, the principle
was acted upon, in stari-ing a few varieties, but, after a time, it was again lost.

Mr. Flagg gave the Belle Lucrative ** for family, and -•■ for market.

Earle would not give it any for market.

Kansas gave *■■• for family, and * for market; Michigan,"' for family; Nebraska,
* for f^xmily; Rhode Island, *"■■ for family; Ahibaina, "'■'' for family, and * for market;
South Carolina, '■ for family; Connecticut, ** for family.

Bloodffood receive A * from Illinois, South Carolina, District of Columbia, Maryland
and Virginia, foi- all purposes.

Bu^'um received ** from Vii'ginia for family use, and ■• from District of Columbia,
Kentucky, Maryland, Rhode Island and Illinois, for family and market purposes.

Doyenne (V Ete received •■* from District of Columbia, lVIarylan<l and Virginia, for
family use; ** from New York and Alabama, for mai-ket and family use; * from Rhode
Island and Illinois.

Flemifdi Beauty received '■* from Iowa, Nebraska, North Illinois, Kentucky, South
Carolina, Virginia, Maryland and Michigan for home and market use, and * from
Alal)ama. It was reported as cracking badly in Massachusetts.

QtTiNN, of New Jersey, knew the pear sixteen years ago, and would have given it
all the stars then. Now it was one of the meanest pears cultivated. It shetls its leaves
prematui-ely, and the fruit cracks badly.

58 DISCUSSION ON PEAKS.

Paul, of Massacliusetts, says it lias been more popular in West Massachusetts,

Southern Vermont and Eastern New York than any other pear, except Bartlett. Hardy

tree and good bearer. Within a few years, in a few sections, on poor soils, it has
cracked.

King, of Virginia. — In the Potomac region it is one of our best pears. Eastern

Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut refused to * it.

Kingsessing received * for District of Columbia, Maryland, Rhode Island, Virginia
and Pennsylvania.

Mostiezer received * from Southern Illinois, District of Columbia, Virginia, Mary-
land, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Jersey.

Sechel received ** from Massachusetts, District of Columbia, Maryland," Illinois,
Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia and Rhode Island, and * from Michigan, New Jersey
and Pennsylvania.

TIrhaniste received * from District of Columbia, Maryland, Rhode Island (for lioine
use,) Massachusetts and Virginia.

Beune Bosc received ** from Connecticut, Maryland, District of Columbia and
Illinois, and * from Southern Illinois, Rliode Island, Massachusetts, New Jersey and
Michigan.

Howell VQceiwe^ ** from District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, Iowa, Nebraska,
Pennsylvania and Illinois, and * from Michigan.

Beurre (TAujoii received ** from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Disti'ict of Colum
bia, Maryland, Virginia, Kansas, Iowa, Northern Illinois, South Carolina, Michigan,
Western New York and New Jersey, and ■• from Southern Illinois.

Beurre Clairgeau received ** from Illiode Island, (foi- home use,) District of
Columbia, Majyland, Virginia, Georgia and South Carolina, for market; and * from
Illinois, New Jersey, Connecticut, Michigan and Massachusetts.

QuiNN, of New Jersey, asks if it sheds its leaves ])rematurely — say before the
middle of x\ugust — with any of the gentlemen pi'esent.

Elliott, of Ohio. — Not with me.

Newman, of Georgia.- — -With us it matures its fruit perfectly before shedding its
leaves.

Beurre Diel received * for Kansas, District of Columl)ia, Maryland, Virginia, Iowa,
South Carolina, Kentucky and Nebraska; Rhode Island, New Jersey and Massachusetts
refusing to star it.

Benrre Emter received ** for Virginia, Southern Iowa, and "'■ for Northern Virginia.

Beurre Su/perfin received ** for District of Columbia and Middle Georgia, and *
for Rhode Island and Massachusetts.

WiER, of Illinois. — It should not be allowed to ripen on the tree.

D1SOUS8ION O.N PEAKS. 59

Doyenne Boitssoch received * for Rhode Island, Kentucky, Distnct of Columbia,
Maryland, Illinois and Iowa.

Duchesne (T Angouleme received ** for Virginia, Iowa, South Carolina, Massachu-
setts, Illinois, District of Columbia, Maryland, Kansas, Kentucky, Rhode Island, (on
quince stocks,) Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Alabama, and ■■■ for
Connecticut.

Lawrence received '■■'■' for New Jersey, Rhode Island, District of Columbia,
Kentucky, Maryland, Alabama, Iowa, Connecticut and Pennsylvania.

King, of Virginia. — Grown on gravelly, light soils; with us it is early; has a
smooth skin, and good flesli; on clay soil it is coai'se flesh and rough skin.

Onondaga i-eceived * for Rhode Island, Kentucky, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Kansas and Massachusetts.

Loidxe Bounc Je Jersey. — Leighton, of South Virginia — My experience is that
oiiefoui'th of its fruit cracks, balance gets good size; tree sheds its leaves three or four
weeks before the fruit matures. It I'eceived * for Kentucky, Iowa, Connecticut,
Massachusetts, North Virginia, Illinois, South Carolinia, Maryland and District of
Columbia.

KtN(;, of \'irginia — Though a first-class pear, I fear it is failing with us.

Sheldon received ** for Rhode Island, District of Columbia, Kansas, Massachusetts,
Maryland, Virginia, Illinois, and * for Kentucky and Alabama.

Adjourned.

()() DISCUSSlUiV OX STKAWBKKIUKS.

THIRD r)A.Y.

MORNING SESSION.

The Society met, pursuant to adjournment, at nine o'cloclv in the morning.

INVITATION FROM THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE.

An invitation was received from the Commissionei' of Agriculture, Hon. Frederick
Watts, to visit the Agricultural Department grounds and l)uildings, on their return
homeward from the meeting. Accepted, and thanks returned.

The discussion on Strawberries being in order, was spoken of as follows :

Wilsoiis Albany i-eceived ** for Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, Alabama,
Nebraska, Minnesota, Florida, New Jersey and Rhode Island.

Col. Hardee, of Florida, says it is almost a perpetual bearer in Florida, and our
most popular strawberry.

District of Columbia refused to * it.

President Wilder says it is growing in favor in Massachusetts ; Concoi'd, Mass.,
sends two hundred 1)ushels of it per day to the Boston market.

Saul, of the District of Columbia. — It bears well with us, but is so much inferior
in quality to other good growing varieties, that people will not purchase it in market.
On our firm soils it grows well.

Chajiberlain, of Northern Virginia. — We cannot grow strawberries in our locality
at all, while near us they are grown in abundance.

Col. Hardee, of Florida. — One objection to it is that it does not propagate well.
We cannot do without it, however.

QuiNN, of New Jersey. — After an experience of fifteen years, I can say that for
every half-acre of all other varieties of strawberries planted in New Jersey, there are one
hundred acres of Wilson's Albany.

Langdon, of Alabama. — Have had an experience of fifteen years with it in
Alabama; for several years had a monopoly of the Mobile market. There is no
strawberry to compare with it for quality and profit. It is a very perfect fruit. We
o-row it on sandy soil with clay subsoil. It is superior in flavor with us to those grown

DISCISSION ON srUAWHKIIKIKS. (il

North. In the South, if the fall is warm, we get a winter crop trom it, and from no
other variety of strawberry. It also bears from the middle of April to the middle of
July.

Berckmans, of Georgia. — It is the only beriy worth cultivating with us. It is in
our market, in Augusta, in December; excellent for shipping. Fifteen years ago there
was not such a thing known as a strawberry in our market; now we are supplying
thousands of bushels, with great profit.

Col. Hardek, of Florida.— I will challenge any other variety to produce one
twentieth the amount of fruit this produces in Georgia. I have sold it at five dollars
a pint.

Schley, of Savannah, Ga. — With us it is the l:)est berry we have; it stands all the
tests with more endurance than any other berry.

Masters, of Nebraska. — It is the most reliable l)erry we have. In dry locations it
does not produce foliage enough; l)ut on the Ijottom lands it is all right.

WiEH, of Illinois. — If the Southern gentlemen who complain that it does not
proj)agate, will cover their plantations lightly with mulch, after the bearing season is
over, they will find it will start runners.

Page, of Vii'ginia. — It is one of the iiuest and most profitaljle berries we have at
Norfolk. We have shipped two million baskets of strawberries this season, two-thirds
of which were Wilson's Albany.

Barnes' Mammoth. — Berckmans — For Middle Geoi-gia, for an early berry, I give
it * only. It also received only * for Virginia, District of Columbia, Maryland and
Alabama.

Stuart received * for Middle Georgia (extra early, Berckmans says) and Virginia

AgricuJturiist received * for Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, Virginia, District of
Columbia, Maryland and Nebraska.

LongwortK's Prolific, Berckeans says, is the linest early berry we have in Georgia,
and gave it **. It also received ** for Alabama and California, and * for Maryland,
District of Columbia, Illinois and Kentucky.

TriompJie de Grand received ** for District of Columbia, Georgia, Alabama,
and * for Massachusetts, Nebraska and Illinois.

Masters, of Nebraska. — It is an excellent berry, but a poor bearer.
WiER, of Illinois. — It is good on strong soils, with high ciiltivation.

Lennig^s White, received * for Georgia and ** for New Jersey, for amateur culture.
Saul, of District of Columbia. — It is a beautiful fruit, and adapted to amateur
culture in the District.

BoyderCn No. 30. — Quinn, of New Jersey — Give it ** for our State; it is the most
promising new fruit on the list; outsells all others in the market.

It also received ** for Illinois, and * for Ea.stern Pennsylvania, District of Columbia,
Alabama, Kentucky and Massachusetts.

62 DISCUSSION U\ srUAWIiERKIES.

Charles Diyiomng received ** for District of Columlna, South Carolina, Maryland
and Kentucky, and * for Pennsylvania, Illinois, Geoi'gia, Alabama and New Jersey,
QuiNN remarking, for the last named State, that it promises to become a leading market
variety.

Kentucky received ** for Kentucky and Georgia, Bekokmans of Georgia, remarking
that it is a highly flavored and excellent market l>erry, but the season is not so long as
that of the Wilson's Albany. It also I'eeeived * for Illinois and Western New Jersey.

Wilder. — Bekckjiaxs, of Geoi-gia, says it is a I'emarkably fine berry, but our climate
is too hot for it.

Saul, of District of Columbia. — One of the most ])i'oniising we have; of liigli
(quality, productive, but requires high culture.

QuiNN, of New Jersey. — A shy bearer, of excellent quality, but not promising.

Langdon, of Alabama. — Have cultivated it two years. It is pei-fectly satisfactory
in regard to foliage; quabty veiy good; colors well: medium as to productiveness.

Meehan, of Pennsylvania. — Promising; foliage vigorous; fruit of e.xcellent (juality
and beautiful.

Wilder, of Massachusetts. — My object was to get the perfect form and l)eauty of
La Constante, with the good qualities of Hovey. (iot the beauty of coloi- and perfection
of form. It ripens a bei-ry at a time. Does not produce so well the first year as
subsequently.

Seedling Eliza — Saul, of District of Columltia. — This is one of our best vai-ieties
in the District of Columbia and ^laryland, and give it ** for both Maryland and the
District.

Berck.mans, of Georgia. — It is excellent, Init docs not produce well enough with
us. It is large and of good flavor; foliage fine; * for Georgia.

Langdox, of Alabama. — I have cultivated it. Out of one hundred and tliite
varieties of strawberries that I have tested, have selected about a dozen to keep, 'i'liis
one is not among the dozen, because it is not good enough.

Campbell, of Ohio. — It is unproductive in Ohio; otherwise good.

Green Prolific. — Masters, of Nebraska. — It is excellent and profitable with us —
one of the best. Give it ** for Nebraska.

Illinois also gave it **.

QuiNN, of New Jersey. — Very profitable berry, if grown near market; does not
carry well. * for New Jersey.

Wilder, of Massachusetts. — It is a female plant, and must have a male alongside
of it if it produces. I do not recommend the planting of pistillate strawberries.

QriNN spoke of New Jersey as the cradle of small fruit culture. The Wilson is
the popular market sort.

Mr. GiLLiNGHAJi, of Virginia, was a native of New Jersey, and fii'st introduced
strawberry culture there.

DISCUSSION ON PEACHES. 63

Langdon, of Alabama. — Nothing like Wilson for profit ; bears from April to July.

The President said Alabama was much like Califoinia in her fruit products.

Beeckmans says the Wilson is best of all for the South ; bears great part of the
year ; best foi- shipping and sale.

Mr. Flaog spoke of the Wilson as having done much for strawbeny cultuie.

Judge Schley, of Georgia, remai'ked favoring mulching on sandy soil, especially at
South.

This closed the discussion on strawberries.

DISCUSSION ON PEACHES.

Hale^s Early. — Beeckmans, of Georgia. — It does not rot with us. We regard it
the best early peach ever originated. It received ** for Georgia, District of ColumV)ia,
Kansas and South Carolina.

Langdon, of Alabama. — After having high hopes for it in Southern Alabama,
Louisiana and Mississippi, it has proved a dead failure. It commences rotting before
ripening, and we get no crop. In Middle Alabama and Northern Mississippi it has
done well.

QuiNN, of New Jersey. — It is losing ground-in New Jersey, and growers are giving
it up; also in Delaware, on the peninsula. It rots badly.

Berckmans, of Geoi'gia. — I have received reports from nearly every part of Georgia,
and it seems to do well generally. Locality has much to do with its rotting. In
Ai'kansas, on rolling lands, it does nicely. In our market the early peaches were all
excellent, and all Hale's. Ten days after, when the later varieties came in, peaches
were wormy and imperfect. It is excellent for market, and especially for shipping.
Three years ago we got twenty dollars jDer half bushel for it in New Yoi-k city.

WiEE, of Illinois.-— Where the peach rot is prevalent, I suggest that growers add
four pounds of sulphur to a half bushel of unslacked lime. Slack the lime, and strew
it over the tree, and on the ground under the tree, just befoie the peaches begin, or &ve
expected to begin, to rot.

Dr. HowsLEY, of Kansas. — In Kansas it is one of the most valuable peaches we
have. It goes into market and sells at a high pi'ice weeks before it is fit to eat. Mine
stand on soil embedded in shale or gravel. It is the most popular and profitable
peach we have.

Flagg, of Illinois. — It has no rival, for there is no peach that ripens at the same
time. It is liable to rot with us, but no more so than other varieties having the same
consistencj" of flesh. It does not rot on the trees; it rots in the boxes after it is shipped
to such an extent as to render it very uncertain as a market fruit. Its extreme earliness
has induced extensive planting, and, if rot can lie prevented, it is valuable.

Lamosy, of Virginia. — It is verj^ much liked — like many a good man with a bad
name — when thoroughly understood. It is a hardy and vigorous grower; bloom hardy,
and stands when Tillotson dies. So soon as they commence coloring they commence to

(54 niSCFSSION ON PEACirKS.

rot. Having watched them pretty carefully, I caiue to the conclusion that the rotting
was clue to an excessive flow of sap, and resolved to check their giowth by allowing
grass to grow among them. The result was I secured a good crop wherever the grass
grew; hut wherever cleanly cultivated, either by myself or my neighbors, it lailed. I
made money by allowing the grass to grow.

WiLDEK, of Massachusetts.- — Of course we do not cidtivate it in open grounds in
Massachusetts, but it is e.xcellent for forcing; nothing can be finer; did not rot this
year.

Meeiian, of Pennsylvania. — When Hale's Early was first promulgated, Parky, of
New Jersey, planted lai-gely of it, and cultivated it thoroughly. It I'otted badly, and
he designed to cut up the trees; Init, before he got ready to do so, the weeds had got a
start in the orchard, and, to his astonishment, he got a good crop of excellent fruit.

Masters, of Nebraska. — It has not been fully tested in Nebraska; but the finest
peaches grown in Nebraska were grown on trees planted in prairie sod, without culti-
vatitjn; those gi-own on cultivated grounds have rotted. The best way to grow
peaches, I aiu satisfied, is to grow them in grass.

Eaklk, of Illinois. — The experience of the Southwestern fruit growers is that rot
in Hale's Early peach, as in all othei' kinds of fruit, is due to the injuries of the curculio.
When grown free from such injuries they do not rot.

Bekckmaxs, of (leorgia. — There are plenty of curculios all over the South, and yet
we do not have rot.

Chambeki.ain, of Virginia. — Hale's Early is the only peach that has rotted with
us this season. It has l>een entirely free from curculio — especialy so this season. It
rots invarial)l}'.

Schley, of Savannah, Ga. — On our coast it is the earliest peach and lai-gest. It is
hardy. We had it ripe this yeai- May 2S. There \\ere many specimens punctured
by the curculio, and yet none rotted. 'I'liere are many ])eaches I can not grow, that do
grow in Middle and Southern Georgia.

McIntosu, of Ohio. — It rotted liadly with us.

Yelloio St. John. — Berckmans, of Georgia. — (rive it "* for Georgia. In quality
and appearance it compares with Early Crawford, but is three weeks earliei'.

Langdon, of Alabama. — It is planted extensively on the Southern coast. It
repi'oduces itself from seed, and hence is distributed under several local names, as
Flaters, St. John, May Beauty, &c. It is handsome, large, high flavored, free-stone,
and promising in oui' climate. It received "'* for Alabama and South Carolina.

Early Tillotson received ** for Alabama, Georgia, Kansas, South Carolina, and *
for District of Columbia and Virginia.

Amelia. — BERCKx^rAxs, of (xeorgia. — It is an excellent, lai'ge peach, but too tendei-
for shipping. It received """ for Georgia, (for home use,) Alabama and South Carolina.

DISCUSSION ON PEACHES. 65

Crawford'' s Early received ** for Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, District of
Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, Massachusetts, (for family use,) New Jersey, Rhode
Island and Kansas.

Large Early Yorh received *'"' for Georgia, Vii-ginia, South Carolina, Alabama,
District of Cohimbia, Maryland and New Jersey.

Trothh Early received ** for Georgia, Delawaj-e, Maryland, Virginia, Alabama,
Southern Illinois, and * for Rhode Island.

Columhia, Berckmans, of Georgia, says, originated in Georgia; is extensively
grown; reproduces itself from seed; is always fine; begins to ripen the loth to 2(>th
of July, and, (with the aid of sub vaiieties, produced from seed,) it furnishes fi'uit
until the middle of September. It is a free stone. It received *"' for Georgia, South
Carolina, Alabama and Kansas, and * for Southern Illinois, District of Columbia and
Maryland.

Dr. Howsley, of Kansas, said that he is gi'owing a peach from a Columbia seed
that is a/«c simile of it, except that it is a cling stone.

Flagg, of Illinois, has one hundred seedlings of the Columbia, and all are essentially
the Columbia, though varying a little in the time of ripening. The stone of the
Columbia has a peculiar mark, by which it is always recognized by those familiar with
it. It is rather tender, though more hardy than othei' yellow peaches.

Berckmans, of Georgia. — Years ago, before the Columbia was known, we used to
get low prices for peaclies sent to market the 10th to the IHth of July; but since we
commenced shipping the Columbia, prices have greatly improved. It ships well.

Flago. — The quality is fii'st rate. Its color is against it in selling. It comes in
competition in our markets with Stump-the-Woi-ld and late Crawfoixl.

Su8qtieha7ina received "* for Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, District of
Columbia and Virginia.

Sfimip-the- Woi'ld received ** for District of Columbia, Georgia, Alal)ama, Virginia,
Kentucky, Rliode Island, Maryland, New Jersey, Southei'n Illinois and South Carolina.

C^rot) Mignonne received ** for Georgia, Alabama, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Virginia and Rhode Island.

Piequefs Late received ** for Georgia, Berckmans stating that he had fruited it
four years, and regards it the finest peach in its season. It I'ipens with the Smock, and
is twice as large and as luscious as any peach.

Langdon, of Alabama, says it has not been generally fruited South.

Baldwin^ s Late received ** foi' Georgia and Alabama.

Lady Parham, (originated in Mississippi) received ** for Kentucky, South Carolina,
Georgia and Alabama.

Mountain Rose, Berckmans says, is superior to Large Early York.
Flagg, of Illinois, had heard it highly sj)oken of l)y growers.

66 DONATIONS TO THE SOCIETY.

It received * for Georgia and Alabama.

Chhiese Cling, Berckmans says, is one of the largest peaches, peculiar in texture,
and commands the highest price. It received ** for South Carolina, Middle (ieorgia,
Kentucky, Alabama and Virginia, and '" for District of Columbia and Maryland.

Berckmans thinks it is identical with the peach known as Shanghai.

Lemon Cling received ** for Georgia, Alabama and South Carolina, and * for
District of Columbia, Maryland and Kentucky.

Indian Blood Cling, Berckmans, of Georgia, says is dark red, striped, ripens last
of July to August 1 T). It received ** for Georgia and * for Alabama and Kentucky.

Heath Cling received ** for Georgia, Alabama, Virginia, Southern Illinois, Ken-
tucky, Kansas and South Carolina.

Old Mixon Cling received ** for Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Virginia^
District of Columbia, Maryland and Kentucky.

EatovSs Golden Cling received ** for Georgia, Alabama and South Carolina.

Adjourned.

AFTERNOON SESSION.
The Society met pursuant to adjournment.

DONATIONS TO THE SOCIETY.

In addition to the donation by Nebraska of jtremium received, Thomas P. James,
Esq., the Treasurer of the Society, donated his offer of jn-emium which had, by the
report of the Committee, not been awarded.

J. S. Downer, of Kentucky, also tendered the Society, in like manner, his offer of
premium.

Mark Miller, delegate from Iowa, remarked : " Iowa is not here with her finiit for
dollars and cents. She is here to show to the world that she has the capacity to raise
fruit — to raise as good apples and many other fruits as can be jDroduced in the world,'
and concluded l)y donating, in the name of the Lnva State Horticultural Society, to the
American Pomological Society, the award made.

Hon. J. B. Whitehead then ottered the following :

Whereas, It is desirable that the preminms of the Society shonlcl be given in the form of
medals; and

Whereas. Some of the premiums generously contributed by fiiends of the Society, have not been
awarded ;

It j'.s herehii ordered. That all such moneys, and such other sums as may be acquired by donation
be, and they are hereliy, appropriated for the purpose of jirocuring a die foi- a medal of the Society.

DISCUSSION ON tiKAPES. 67

This was received and adopted, and the following, offerred by G. F. B. Leighton,
Esq., jmssed iinaiiiinously :

Resolved, Tluit Hon. John H. ^Vliiteliead, of Virginia; P. J. Bci-ekmaiis, of Georgia; and Thos. P.
James, of Massachusetts, be a committee to procure such a die.

RESOLUTION OF THANKS.

The President reatl the following resolution, offered by Judge Parker, which was
adopted with applause:

liesulvccl, Tluit for the courtesies and hospitalities extended by the nuiyor and citizens of Richmond,
by the Virginia Pomological and Horticultural Society, and by all wlio have rendered valuable means
and services, we return our sincere thanks, with a full and warm appi'eciatiou of their kindness and a
hope that the bread of love they have so cast upon tlie watei'S of life may be returned to them a
hundred fold.

Gcne.al It. L. Pai.i,v appropriately responded.

DISCUSSION ON PLUMS.

Wild (rouse. — WiKK, t)f Illinois; Downing, of New York; Bekckmans, of Georgia,
and some others, spoke of the varieties of Wild Goose and other native plums, and the
matter for history, etc., was referred to J. S. Downer, of Kentucky, whose report will be
found on another page.

DISCUSSION ON GRAPES.

Delaware received ** for Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Nebraska, Minnesota, Ohio, Iowa and Virginia, and * for Florida, Illinois, Alabama,
Connecticut, New Jersey and South Carolina.

Iven received ** for Alal)ama, Geoi'gia, Kentucky, Illinois and Virginia.

Berckmans, of Georgia, highly recommends it as an early ripening grape, and as a
substitute for Haitford Prolitic, ripening before the last named.

WiEK, of Illinois, says with him it ripened before Hartford Prolific. It is certainly
as early, and the V)ei'ries do not di'op off the bunch, making it a inoi'e desirable early
market fruit.

Concord received ** for Florida, New Jersey, Illinois, Nel:)raska, Iowa, Connecticut,
Kentucky, Kansas, North Viigiuia, South Carolina, Alabama and Massachusetts,
and * for Georgia.

NortorHii Virginia received ** for \'irginia, and * for (xeorgia, Alabama, Illinois,
Kentucky and South Carolina.

Herhemont, Berckmans, of Georgia, says, originated in Warren County, Ga., and
four or five years ago was the main Southern grape — never failed. Latterly it rots, but
we hope it may do better. It i-eceived * for Georgia; South Carolina refusing to star it,
because it rots so badly.

68 DISCUSSION ON GRAPES.

Black July, Eerckmans, of Georgia, says, bears a compact hunch ; gi'a])es of excellent
flavor, but not productive ; received * for Georgia and Alabama.

Scuppernong received ** for Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and Florida.
Wylie, of South Carolina, says it does well on light soils, but uot on clays.
King, of Virginia, confinns Mr. Wylie's statement, and says it does not succeed in
the District of Columbia.

^'lowers, Berckmans, of Georgia, says, is a late variety, and much esteemed on that
account. It is the same type as the Scuppernong, not (piite as good, dark color, and
about same size, lie gave it ** for Georgia, and it received ** for Alabama.

Thonias, Berokmans, of Georgia, says, is of light purple color, ripening befoi'e the
Scuppei'nong, and is of the same type; ** for Georgia.

Wine Graj>€sfor North Carolina and Virginia. — Sainuers, of Washington, D. C,
named Lenoir and Devereaux as desirable wine grapes for the mountain regions of
North Carolina and Virginia. All American wines have been made trom the fox family
of grapes, w'hich are not adapted to wine making. The viteH a'stivalis possess the trxie
characteristics of wine making — and the grapes named belong to this species — both with
regard to sugar and bouquet. The reason why they have not l)een grown is V)ecause
they do uot ripen North. But they can be grown on the Virginia and North Carolina
hills, and should l)e for wine. It has long been supposed that we have not the European
oiJium here; but we have it, though it is com])aratively innocuous. Our mildew is
unlike it, being caused by excess of moisture, while the European milde^v {()idiu>ri) is
caused by want of moisture.

Mish. — Baker, of Virginia, asks if any member knows aught of this variety, which
is a member of the Scuppernong family, though sweeter than any other members of that
family of which he has tasted.

Clinton, Wylie, of South Carolina, says, is an excellent grape in South Carolina.
Lakgdon, of Alabama. — It has done well with us the past four years.
Berckmans, of Georgia.— The Clinton has failed, more or less, in Georgia.

Hartford Prolific. — LangdI^n, of Alabama. — It is two weeks earlier than any other
grape in Alabama.

Berckmans, of Georgia. — Ives holds its berries and ships better, and is as early
with ns.

Languon, of Alabama. — Hartford brings us higher prices than any other grape —
is two weeks earlier. The Ives ripens, with us, with the Concord. The earliness of the
Hartford Prolific is its great recommendation with us.

Wylie, of South Carolina. — It does well in South Cai'olina.

It received ** for Florida, Alabama and South Carolina, and * for Georgia,
Kentucky and Ehode Island.

DISCUSSION ON GKAPKS. 69

Talman^ii Seedling was named l)y Bakek, of Virginia, who hears it is lietter and
earlier than any other grape in Noi'th Carolina, and asks if any one knows anything
about it.

Berckmans, of Georgia. — It is worthless.

Martha, Bekckjians, of Geoi'gia, says, is a very nice grape, but not productive nor
of very high flavor, as grown with him.

Cajipbell, of Ohio, says with him it is equal in health, growth and productiveness
to the Concord.

lona. — Wylie, of South- Carolina, says it does fairly in certain localities in South
Carolina.

WiER, of Illinois. — In some places in our State, on alluvial bottoms, it is very fine.
On other soils and locations it does not do well; mildews on leaf and fruit.

Miller, of Iowa. — I have known of good results from planting it in our State in
only one instance — where it was planted on heavy, blue clay soil, and perfect gi'apes
were there obtained. It is the only case of success I know of in Iowa. It cannot be
wintered with us.

Masters, of Nebraska, has sent three or four times for vines, and has now but three
or four little vines alive, out of dozens planted. The growth is very small. One oi-
two men in Nebraska have been tolerably successful with it, their success being probably
due to locality. On dry prairies and bluffs, it amounts to nothing.

Saunders, of District of Columbia.— It can be grown wherevei' it can be sheltered
and protected from mildew. All the best grape regions in this country are where there
are no dews, and hence no radiation.

WiER, of Illinois. — The trouble with lona, with me, is that it dies out in winter
If I could get it once well started, I have no doubt it would do well.

HoYT, of Connecticut. — It is worthless with us ; the roots freeze to death.

Wilder. — Langdon, of Alabama. — The Wilder succeeds with me, and I give
it ** for Alabama.

Allen, of Virginia. — It rots badly with us about Richmond.

Flagg, of Illinois. — It has failed in its foliage at Alton, so far as tried.

WiER, of Illinois. — It is only to be grown on special soils and special locations. It
does well on my best soils.

Wylie, of South Carolina. — It does not do in South Carolina.

Campbell, of Ohio. — Wilder has done veiy well with me, and I have received
good specimens of it the pi'esent season from Richmond, lud.

Herstine, of Pennsylvania. — It has given me the most satisfactory results of all
the grapes I grow.

QuiNN, of New Jersey-- — It is of no value with us.

Masters, of Nebraska. — Have not tried it sufficiently to determine its merits.

70 DISCUSSION OX KI08, ORANGES, ETC.

Campbell, of Ohio. — No. 5 is best in quality and hardiest in wood and foliage;
No. 30 nearly as good; No. 1 rarely ripens with me — is not quite hardy.

Langdon, of Alabama. — Last two years have succeeded with several of Roger's
grapes — such as Wilder, Bai-iy and Merrimac; soil, light sand, with red clay subsoil.

Oroton and Senasqmt. — Wier, of Illinois — These have been healthy in foliage and
hardy in vine with me. The quality of Croton is very fine. Seuasqua is a black grape
of peculiar quality, but not rich; it is rather more healthy than Croton, l)ut not so
productive.

DISCUSSION ON FIGS.

Brown Turkey received ** for (leorgia, Florida and South Caioliua.

Colonel Hardee says it stands ti'ansportation excellently — ten oi' fifteen days.

Black Ischia received ** for Floiida and Geoigia.

White Nerii received ** for Georgia, Bkrckmaxs pi'onouncing it the best of all the
white figs.

Celentia received ** foi- Georgia, South Carolina and Florida.

Bnimwich received ** for Florida and Geoi-gia.

Green Italian received ** for Georgia and Florida.

Lemon received ** for Georgia.

POMEGRANATES.

The French Sweet, Large Sweet, Violet Fruited and Common Sour were named as
succeeding in the South.

OLIVES.

Berckmans, of Georgia, says, are perfectly hardy in that State and, grow very fine
fruit; also in South Carolina.

ORANGES AND LEMONS.

The Mandarin and Northeast Blood are popular and j)i-ofitable varieties of this
fruit in Florida.

Colonel Hardee, of Florida, gave a very amusing and interesting account of groves
of lemons which he had seen while in the Seminole war, the size of many hundreds
being as lai'ge as a man's head. There were a great many varieties named by Colonel
Hardee, but there was no other State which had a voice with the Colonel. The lime
he also spoke of favorably, and said it was a source of revenue to his State.

ADJOURNMENT.

A motion to adjourn having been made by the Secretary, the President said that
he could not put the question without saying just a word of the feelings which filled

ADJOURNMENT. 7]

his heart at the great success of the meeting, as well as of the exhibition. There was
no occasion, in bis recollection of the sessions of the American Pomological Society,
which had Iteen more successful than the present one, and in bidding his friends
good-bye, he hoped it would be his pleasure to greet each and every one of them again
at the next session of the Society. He then declared the meeting adjourned until called
together in Boston, at such time as the President may elect in 1873.

GR^ND BA.I^QXJET

OF THE

HORTICULTURAL AND POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY,

OF VIRGIKIA.

On Friday evening, Septenil)er Stl), in accordance witli a j)i'('virnis hivitation, the
members of the American Pomological Society were entertained in a sumptuous manner
by the Horticultural Society, of Virginia, with a banquet, given in Assembly Hall. The
attendance was large, and the best feeling prevailed.

The fruit having been removed from the tables, five of them were set out in the
eastern half of the V)uilding, and upon them was spread a tempting array t>f
substantial.

Captain John M. Allan presided at the principal table, being flanked by Hon. M.
P. Wilder, of Boston, on the one side, and Mayor Keiley, of Richmond, on the other.
The toasts were read by the Chairman, in th<' following order:

1st. The American Pomological Society: Marshaled by a Wilder, it has grown
into a vigorous manhooil. May its future years be as glorious as its past has been
auspicious.

Colonel Wilder being called upon to respond, did so, in some })leasiiig remarks,
highly complimentary to the citizens of Richmond, and full of kind words for Virginia
and Virginians. He was frequently and loudly applauded.

2. The Virginia Horticultural and Pomological Society: May its labors cause our
fair hills and valleys to blossom as the rose, with nature's own ornaments of clinging
vines, and pendant boughs and beauteous flowers.

Mayor Keiley was called out by this sentiment, and made a capital after-dinner
speech.

3. California: The modern or real Hesperides, whose orchards and vineyards,
rooted in golden soil, bear a golden fruitage.

GRAND BANQUET. 73

Dr. J. S. Curtiss, of California, made au appropriate acknowledgment of this
sentiment.

4. Pomologists: The benefactors of mankind. "By their fruits ye shall know
them."

Judge Joel Parker, of Massachusetts, made a humorous response.

5. Our Fair Countrywomen : As dear as the apples of our eyes.

The response of Judge Schley, of Georgia, to this sentiment was gallant and
poetic.

6. The premium fruit : Though it elicited peals of applause, it deserves to b e
succored.

Dr. Furnas, of Nebraska, spoke to this sentiment, and was loudly applauded.

7. The True Pomologist: His reputation can not be impeached, or his integrity
impaired. When asked for his jewels, he proudly points to his nursery.

A good reply was made by Hon. W. C. Flagg, of Illinois.

8. Home Adornment: The first abode of man was decorated witli fruits and
flowers. May the precedent be forever followed to decorate and adorn our homes.

To this toast Mr. F. R. Elliott, of Ohio, Secretary of the American Pomological
Society, eloquently responded.

9. The Wine Press and the Printing Press : The powers behind the throne greater
than the throne itself May enthroned reason never be dethroned by either, and may
the deciduous juices of the one add vigor to the assiduous toils of the other, and both
continue to verify the adage, In vino Veritas.

Responded to by Colonel William S. Gilman, in his happiest vein.

SPECIAL MENTION.

In closing our rejiort, we would specially mention John M. Allan, the President of
the Virginia Horticultural Society, to whose indefatigable labors and efforts were lai'gely
due much of the pleasure of the American Pomological Society's meeting; and we can
assure Mr. Allan that he will ever be kindly rememljcred.

F. R. Elliott, Secretary.

REPORTS

OF

STATE FRUIT C0M31ITTEES AW INDIVIDUALS.

REPORT OF DR. HOWSLEY ON NOMENCLATURE OF APPLES.

By reference to the record of proceedings in foregoing P^ges, it will be seen that
Dr. Howsley \\as requested to make report, relative to his assertions and knowledge of
origin and names of some varieties of apples. The Secretary reports that the Doctor
sent him copies of the Western Gardener, and desired him to extract therefrom, as said
report. The following is, therefore, given :

RAWLES' GENET.

The various names bj^ wliich this apple has been called, has caused no little confusion
in pomological nomenclature.

As pomology is now approaching to something like scientific precision, it is important
that every subject falling within its legitinuite scope, should be stripped of everything which
does not bear directly upon the point in question.

The various names hy which many popular fruits are known, (especially the apple,)
makes it imperative that the original and ti-ue name of ever}- fruit should be known, and,
when known, to be placed upon the national catalogue, and all State and local organizations
be requested to conform thereto. Whenever the National Society shall feel satisfied, from
the evidences produced, that they have any fruit under a wrong name, it would seem to be
a duty obligatory upon them, to adopt the oi'iginal and true name for the spui-ious ; while
the request hei-etofo re made of State and local societies be still continued. The mere fact
that a society, either national or local, has catalogued a fniit under a name of long standing,
should not be held sufficient to keep the true and original name, when clearly ascertained,
from being substituted therefor. Age should never so sanctify error, as to make it perpetual
in preference to the triith. The truth should have precedence always.

REPORT OF DR. HOWSLET. 75

In conformity with the above remarks, we propose now to discuss the proper name of
the apple usually called Rawles'' Janet. That this is not the proper spelling of the name of
this ap})le, is to our mind quite clear, from the following reasons : The spelling of the word
Janet is claimed to have originated in this way —that Mr. Rawles had a daughter whose
name was Janet, and that, in honor of his daughter, he called the apple Janet. That this
version of the matter cannot be true, is appaient from the fact that no English baptismal
name can be found spelled in this way. It is derived neither from Jane, Jennie, nor Jenny.
It is properly the name of a beast of burden, with which not many of us would like to be
associated in name — we mean the female of the ass. In the second place, this derivation of
the name cannot be true, liecause, in that event, the apple shoiild be called Janet I?airles,
and not Mawles' Janet. In the first it would be honoring her as his daughter, and in the
second it would be degrading her as his servant. In the third place, no one ever has shown
that Mr. Rawles had a family at all, and if he had, whether or not in that family, he had
any children, and if he had children, wlit-ther among those children there were any
daughters, and if any daughters, whether there was one called Janet. The whole of this
seems to be a mere assumption, wholly iinsupported by any historical facts. In the fourth
place, it is remarkably strange, that if the name of this apple was derived from a common
English baptismal name, it should have become:" so corrupted as we now find it, as Genet,
Ginet, Janet, Rawles" Janet, Geneton, Geneting and otliers, all being intended to refer to the
supposed Miss Janet Rawles. We think that the derivation of the name as above given, is
not likelj" to be adopted by any pei'son making proper reflections on the subject of
derivation.

R-a-w-1-e-s' G-e-n-e-t is the proper spelling of the name of this apple, and not J-a-n-e-t,
as it is usually spelled. We derive the name of Rawles' Genet in the following manner:
During the administration of General Washington, M. Genet was sent to the city of
Washington, as minister of the government of France. Mr. Jefferson being at the same
time Secretary of State for General Washington, was frequently thrown into the company
of M. Genet, especially at their dinner parties. By this means Mr. J(^fferson became
acquainted with, and so admired this apple, which M. Genet had sent him from France,
for his own use, that he, Jefferson, procured scions of this variety. He lianded them over
to Mr. Rawles, a nurseryman and fruit grower of Virginia, for propagation. Mr. Rawles
grew trees from these scions, and introduced the fruit to the pviblic under the name of Oenet
Apple. Scions of this apple were brought to Mercer County, KJ^, in the year 1795, by a
nurseryman named Edward Darnebj', who commenced a nursery not far from Harrodsburg,
and within a, mile or two of a gentleman by the name of Ragan, the father of the late
lamented Reuben Ragan, of Fillmore, Ind. When Mr. Darneby introduced it into
Kentucky, the ajiple in question was called Genet, afterwards Ginet, and about the year
1810, it was called Geneton. Never, until aftiu- 1810, was it called Rawles' Janet, and not
until after this time was the last half of the name commenced with ./a instead of Ge. Within
our own recollection this apple was, in the vicinity of Lexington, Ky., called by the name
of Jefferson Pippin, thus showing the connection of Mr. Jefferson with the introduction of
this apple to public notice. Many of the foregoing facts are witliin our own knowledge,
others we ol)tained from Mr. Ragan during his life time, and the balance of the late Dr.
Thompson, who was born and raised near Lexington, Ky., to whom we are indebted for
many of the facts in regard to tlie history of this fine apple. We, therefore, conclude that
from the part wliicli Mr. Rawles performed in introducing this ap])]e to the fruit growers of

76 REPORT OF DR. HOWSLEY.

the Southwest, that it is highly appropriate to prefix his name to tlie apple, and spell it
properly, R-a-w-1-e-s' G-e-n-e-t.

McAfee's nonesuch.

By consulting Collin's History of Kentucky, pages 452 to 454, it will be found that a
colony from "\lrginia, consisting of five brothers of the name of McAfee, together with other
persons, came to Kentucky in the year 1779. These colonists erected a fort or station on the
banks of Salt River, about five miles below Harrodsburg, the county seat of Mercer County.
The McAfee portion of the colony, after clearing some land, planted jjeach pits, and also
sowed apple seeds. From the apple seeds thus sown, sprang the tree which produced the
apple now under consideration. They planted orchards from the seedlings thus raised, but
the tree bearing the apple in question stood in tln^ orchard of George McAfee, the oldest of
the five brothers. Col. John McAfee is the grandson, and now lives on the old h(Mnestead
of George McAfee, who planted and fruited the tree which produced the original McAfee's
Konesuch. He says, in his letters to us of 7th of July, 1869, and 13th of February, 1870,
that the tree which stood in his grandfather s orchard and producing this apple, was a
seedling and not a graft. He also well recollects the old tree, and can ])oint to within a few
feet of the i)lace wliere it stood. The apple was first called Nonesuch. After it commenced
to spread through the country, the name of McAfee was prefixed, and that, from that time
until now, it has been known and called by no other name than McAfee's Nonesuch.

Tlie Rev. R. L. McAfee, of Columbia, Mo., in his letters to us, bearing date respectively
IDth of August, 1809, and 13th of Feliruary, 1870, makes, in substance, the sam(> statements.

He says, further, that its migration to Missouri was in tliiswise: His father, James
McAfee, removed from Kentucky to Missouri some time previous to the year 1828 ; in which
year he, at his? father's request, sent to him scions taken fi-oin trees known to him to have
been grafted from the original tree, and that he is now living on tiie farm where his father
originally inserted these grafts ; that he is now about sevomty years of age, and has known
this ai)])le as the McAfee's Nonesuch from his earliest recollection; that all the apples
of this variety in the surrounding portions of Missouri, are believed to have originated from
Ms orchard, either directly or indirectly.

Br. G. L. McAfee now lives on the farm, in Hardin Coiinty, Ky., which was owned by
us up to 1856. On this farm we first plantt'd trees bearing the fruit above named. The
trees we planted, however, were labeled Winter Pearmain.

The Doctor, in-his letter to us, bearing date 26th of January, 1870, says when he saw the
fruit on the trees labeled Winter Pearmain, he at once recognized his old favorite Nonesuch,
which he had known from his childhood — even as far back as he could recollect any apple,
which was now more than fiftj' years. During all of his acciuaintance with this apple, it was
known and called by no other name than McAfee's Nonesuch.

Having spoken at sufficient length of the origin of the McAfee's Nonesuch, and also of
the time and manner of its introduction into Boone County, Mo., we will now speak of its
introduction into Indiana and into Soutliwestern Missouri. In the year 1823, the late
Reuben Ragan, of Fillmore, Ind., remo\ed from Mercer County, Ky., to Putnam County,
Ind. He took T\nth him scions of this variety, raising from them both nursery and orchard
trees. From his nursery and orchard, this apple was widelj' diffused through the adjoining
portions of that State, and was known by no other name than McAfee's Nonesuch. John
N. Buford, a few j^ears after, removed from Mercer County, Ky., to Park County, Ind.,

REPORT OF DR. HOWSLEY. 77

taking with liim scions from tlie original tree, standing at McAfee's Station, near Harrods-
burg. Mr. Buford furnislied Mr. Ragan with some of tliese same scions, so tliat tlie giafts
now in the hands of Buford and Ragan were from the original tree. Subsequently to this,
Mr. Buford removed to Independence, Mo., and by this nieans introduced the apple into
Jackson County. Through Mr. Buford and Mr. Ragan, it was also introduced into Cass
County, near Harrisonville, and also in tlie vicinity of Lone Jack. Through these early
introductions, this apple has been widely diffused, in its westward marcli, through Indiana
and Missouri. Through all its migrations from these sources, it has uniformly been known
as the McAfee' s Nonesuch.

We will now speak of the manner in which it has obtained such a multitude of names,
as the following: INIcAfee's Red, Large Striped Pearmain, Winter Pearmain, Zeeke, Storr's
AVine, Yalandingham, White Crow, Missouri Superior, New Missouri, HuViardston None-
such, Gray's Keeper, Park's Keeper, Park, etc.

And first, of the McAfee's Red, we sujipose this name was given from tlie simple
fact that it is a red apple, and being shorter and more easily called than McAfee's
Nonesuch, the former was adopted in preference to the latter. We have heard of it being
called by this name in but few places, and Quincy, Illinois, in the nursery of Haigis &
Sumer, is one of them.

2. Large Striped Pearmain. This name was, to our own knowledge, given hy Col.
James Allen, of Holly Spring Nursery, Nelson County, K3'. He originated the name but
not the tree. He cultivated it first under the name of A^'intel■ Pearmain. Z. R. Huggins, of
the Glasgow Nursery, Ky., got it at the same time we did, of Col. Allen, under the above
name, in the year 1838 or 1840. Mr. Huggins, in his catalogue of the current year, still calls
it Winter Pearmain. A. D. Webb, of Bowling Green, Ky., who got his stock, either
directly or indirectly, of us, catalogues it Winter Pearmain. Miner, who many years ago
ran a nursery at Clarksville, Tenn., got it of Col. Allen under the name of Large Striped
Winter Pearmain. J. S. Downer, of Fairview, Ky., got scions from Miner, under the above
name, as now appears in his catalogue. Elliott, in the edition of his Frnit Groioer'' a Guide
for 1845, calls it Striped Pearmain. Downing, in I808, calls it Large Striped Peaiinain.
Elliott leaves ofi" the words "large" and "winter," and Downing adds them both, while
Warder adds the word "large," and leaves ofi" "winter." At least two of them are wrong.
We hold that all are wrong. No one can, we assert, trace any of these names to any other
source than to Col. Allen. He never claimed to have originated tlie tree, but to have got it
of John Lightfoot, who died more than twenty years before Col. Allen retired from public
life and commenced his nursery. He, we feel quite certain, never saw the original McAfee's
Nonesuch tree. He was more than fifty years of age before he turned his attention to the
cultivation of a fruit nursery, and was, consequently, not well posted upon fruit nomen-
clature.

None of the above names can be traced farther back than 1838, while that of the
McAfee's Nonesuch is traced, with certainty, to the close of the last, or the beginning of the
present, century. We will prove, hereafter, that these apples are identical. When we do
this, we think that all other names than the McAfee's Nonesuch should at once be
expunged from every catalogue in the land, whether national or local.

3. The name Hubardston Nonesiich, is shown to be incorrect by a comparison of the
two ajiples, each name being correctly applied to two distinct fruits.

78 REPORT OF DR. IIOWSLEY.

4. Zeeke. Tliis name is derived iiom an old man, we believe, from Madison County,
Ky., who was familiarly called by his friends Uncle Zeeke. Uncle Zeeke gave the scions,
which he brought from Kentucky, to a man in Clay County, Mo., by the name of Williams,
from whom Mi-. Todd, who many years ago had a nursery near Liberty, Mo., got scions.
Prom Todd's nursery, the Wyandotte Indians got theii' ti'ees of this variety in 1847. Thus
we have it introduced into Todd's nurserj' in Northwest Missouri, at an early day, fi-om
which it has l)een widely disseminated among the Indians west of and ncnir the Missouri
River, lleiicc it has, for want of knowing the triie name, acquired the various local names
of Storrs' Wine, from Rev. Mr. Storrs; White Crow, from Jacob Wliite Crow, a half-breed
Indian; Uray's Keeper, from Alfred (ira}- ; all of whom are at Quindaro, Kansas. In
Missouri, it liiis obtain(>d the names of New Missouri, Missouri Superioi', Valandingham's
Wine, Pai-k's Kee])er and Park. The two last from Col. Parke, of Paikville, Mo.

We unhesitatingly pronounce the a])])le known l)y all these names, as identical with,
and non(^ other than the McAfee's Nonesuch. For ])roof of this, we refer to the records of
the Kansas State liorticiiltuial Society, at its annual session, in December last, at the city
of ( )ttowa :

At request of Di'. Ilowsley, a committee of five was appointed to establish the iiomenolatuii' of tlie
McAfee's Nonesucli, with })owers to send for persons and pajiers.

Committee — Dr. Jno. A. Warder, of Ohio; ti. C Brackett, of Lawrence; Dr. J. Stuynuui, Leaven
worth; S. T. Kelsej, Ottawa, Franklin County; Loyal Bishop, Jackson, Linn County.

Committee reported McAfee's Nonesuch, Large Striped Pearmain, Nonesuch, Zeeke, Missouri
Superior, (Jray's Keeper, Storrs Wine, Valandingham, New Missouri, White Crow, Ilubardsfcon
Nonesuch, Park's Keeper, as one and the same apple.

O. ('. Brackett, Secretary.

THE PWLL QTTEEN AI'IM.K.

Synonyms — Queen, Wintei- C^ueen, Byer's Red, Buckingham, Frankfort Queen,
Kentucky Queen, Lexington Queen, Ladies' Favoi-ite, Blackburn, llcnsliaw, Equinelly,
etc., etc.

In the year 170;"), a man by tlie name of Edward Darnaby, came tiom A'irginia, to
Mercer County, Kentucky, and planted a nursery some live or six miles from Harrodsburg,
and within a few miles of the place where the father of the late Reuben Ragan afterwards
settled. He brought with him, among others, grafts of the following varieties of apples, viz.:
Genet, Pryor's Red, Hughes' Crabl), Cannon Pearmain, and Queen. The Queen has been
known from 179.") to the present time, in Kentucky, by this name, having, as most line
apples have done, acquired the various local names as above.

It made its way, not long after Mr. Darnaby brought it to Kentucky, from Buckingham
County, Virginia, to Sierry County, North Carolina, by immigrants from the former, to the
latter place. When the trees in North Carolina came into bearing, the people there, as in
Kentuck}', for want of not knowing its true name, called it Buckingham, from the county
in Virginia from which the grafts were taken. It has made its way from A^irginia through
Kentucky into Indiana and Missouri, under the name of Queen, and from the same point
through North Carolina into Tennessee; thence into Southern and Central Illinois, under
the name of Buckingham.

REPORT OF DK. HOWSLKY. 79

Dr. Warder, in his late work on Pomology, has described the Queen and Buckingham
as distinct varieties. We apprehend that this erior on the part of those first calling it
Buckingham, has originated in a want of comparing the trees together, as well as a want
of comparing the fruits thoroughly, or they never could have made so palpable a mistake.
We have the trees of the Buckingham and Queen growing side by side, and cannot possibly
detect any difference in the growth and habit of the trees. There are peculiarities common
to both, which could not happen in one of ten thousand cases, if they were distinct. The
leaves are precisely alike, both in their physical conformation and in their pecidiar deep
green color. The singular manular protuberances, which are frequently found on the body
and larger branches of tlie one, are also found on the other. The roots of both ramify from
the body, very near the surface of the ground ; so much so, tliat both are frequently
reproduced from the sprouts that spring up around the tree. Another striking peculiarity,
which I do not remember to have observed in any other, is that root grafted. They send
out roots from the first bud below the surface like a grape cutting, frequently leaving a
naked space from the top bud down to the bud next above its junction with the stock upon
which it is grafted.

Moreover, the size, the color, the shape and the time in which the fruit is in eating
condition, are the same. Added to all this, the core and the seeds, where taken fi-om
specimens of the same maturity, are the same, as also the flesh of each is of the same color,
texture and flavor.

One of the most fruitful sources of enor, in Pomological nomenclature, is that single
specimens can be taken from the same tree, or from the same branch of the tree, as dissimilar
in appearance as if they were leally of different varieties. It is onlj^ when grouped in
masses, that they unmistakably show their true, distinct character.

External examinations of apples are the most unreliable of any other that can be
instituted ; for there is scarcely a single variety that does not var}^ in many of its outward
features, such as in the basin, the cal3'x, the cavit}^ and the stem. So that very little reliance
(for determining the true variety,) can be placed in any one, or all of these. We know of
no single trait which is constant and unvarying in but very few apples.

It is only where a group of points, all concentrating in a well known variety, are
considered, and they added to some well known or almost invariable characteiistic, that the
best of judges can decide, with any degree of certainty, as to the true variety of specimens
under consideration. A mere passing outside examination of an apple is not sufficient to
form a correct judgment, unless it be by some one who has been long and intimately
acquainted with the variety to be passed upon. An appeal to the books, in a case of this
kind, is next to nothing. *

It is in consequence of not having any flxed rules in Pomological usage for determining
the variety of a specimen presented for naming, that so many old and fine varieties find their
way into the books and catalogues of the present day, under new names. This is an intol-
erable evil, and grievous to be borne. Publishers of books, and conductors of Horticultural
journals, should guard this point with sleepless vigUance, and suffer nothing to go to the

* The Secretary of the American Pomological Society wonkl like to remark that just here comes in the fact of
so much of incorrect nomenclature, viz. : it is from the egotistical ideas of knowledge assumed by men who have had
but a half dozen or so of years acquaintance with a fruit, and are void of any knowledge of it outside of their own
immediate locality.

80 KEPOKT FKOM ARKANSAS.

world with tlie autlio)-ity of their names, as new, tliat can not l)e satislactorily traced to its
origin. *

We have used, in the heading of this article, the name t)f Fall Queen, instead of Queen,
the name under which it was first introduced Irom Virginia to Kentucky, by Mr. Darnaby,
as being necessary to distinguish it from another and distinct fruit, called the Summer Queen.
The prefix of Fall therefore, becomes quite appropriate, as it is in xise in the fall and early
winter.

REPORT FROM ARKANSAS.

Rocky Comfort, Little River Co., Akk., May 10th, 1871.
Mr. F. R. Elliott :

Dear Sir : I received your favor, in reply to my letter making iiKpiii'ies and asking
for information, which you kindly responded to, and wishing me to send you some
information in relation to fruits in my section of country. We know but very little
a))out fruits here ourselves, as a general thing, there being but one nursery in the county
worthy of the name, and no other, I suppose, for more than a liuudred miles. The
attention of our people lieretofore not being interested in fruits, we Iiave mostly to begin
anew. And I think it would be more becoming in us to receive information, than try to
impart it to others, undei' such cii'cumstances. I will say, that it will always be a pleasure
to me to do anything of this kind, if in my power. T am not judge enough of fruits to
tell many of the difl'erent kinds by inspection, nor could I, at this time, desci'ibe an
apple, so as to Ije relied on. We have some fine fruits in Southern Arkansas; and I
think we can raise as good fruit here as north of the Boston range of mountains, which
is so celebrated for fine apples. Peaches do well here; it appeal's to l)e their natural
home. Ours are most all seedlings, very few bmkled and improved kinds of ])eaches.

Chei'ries, but few trees carelessly managed ; don't aj^peai' to bear well.

Chickasaw plums bear and do well generally. 1 am not acquainted with any other
variety.

Pears grow and bear finely. My trees are too young to know what kinds do well;
I only have a few kinds.

I can't get off well with figs noi- (piinces, as yet; perhaps I have not good kinds.

Limber Twig apple does finely for winter. Horse apple, for summer, is the best
I know of We have an apple we call the Black Twig here. I have been told it is
what you describe and figure in )-our Western Fruit Boole, and Dr. Warder, in American

* The Secretary would here remark that conductors of journals and publis^ler.^ of books are utterly ignorant
of varieties of fruits, or plants. It is their business to publish and sell, and look to returns on the credit of the
writers who supply their matter, and it has become too noted, in all of our journals, to longer be questioned, viz. :
that if a journalist can obtain matter, free of cost, his position, simply as publisher, frees him of any responsibility,
and hence it is that the record of a man of one year's knowledge and acquaintance of a fruit, or principle, is valued
or recorded equal with him who has devoted a life to the suliject.

KJOl'oli'r FKU.M (ALIFOKXIA. 81

Pomology, as the Winesap. If that is the apple we call Black Twig, as I grow the apple
in ray orchard, your description is generally correct, except the description on quality
of the flesh; you say in your book, "flesh yellowish, juicy, tender, sub-acid, sprightly."
Here, with us, the flesh is rather firm than tender; with that exception, the description
all suits for the Winesap, or Black Twig, as we have it. It is the prince of apples.
My trees are just coming into ])earing. We have another fine apple, if it grows well
here, an apple we call the Shannon Pippin — you describe as Ohio Pippin— not thoroughly
tried here; so tar bids fair to be one of our leading fi'uits.

My orchard is not large nor well arranged. I intend to make fruits part of my
business, and I hope, in a few years, to add much in the way of different kinds of fruits.
I have, heretofore, neglected to label and maj) off my grounds, both of wliicli I shall do
in the future ; so I will be able to speak confidently about what I have, which I can't
do now in regard to all my trees.

I have no railroad nor other facilities for getting trees, only thi'ough the mail ; so
have to grope along slowly. If we could get scions through the mail that could lie
grafted here and grow, I would like to tiy many kinds I see figured and described in
the Department of Agriculture for several years past; and some I would like to try, I
see described in Jtidd's Anmial.

I am not a man of wealth ; shall have to move slowly, so as to go sui'e. I expect
to raise Iruit mostly foi' stock, there being no market near me more profitable, which
will not require a great many kinds. But I am not satisfied not to try new kinds ; it
don't cost much, and the satisfaction more than pays the trouble.

I am, very truly, yours,

Chas. a. Strawn.

N. B. Below are the names of some apples that do well with us here (South-
western Arkansas) : Red June, Early Strawberry, Summer Queen, Equinetelee, Carolina
Greening, Bradford's Best, Hew's Crab, English Crab, Yates, Kentucky Red, Stevenson's
Winter, Hall. My trees not fruited yet; but I speak from good authority. The altove
apples are all raised in this county. C. A. S.

REPORT FROM CALIFORNIA.

Alhambka, August 12th, 1871.
F. R. Elliott, Esq. :

Dear Sir : In response to your kind invitation, I have the honor to submit to the
American Pomological Society, my observations upon California products.

Numerous books and innumei'able newspaper articles have, from time to time,
heralded to the world the wonderful resources of California ; the prolific and mammoth
growth of its forest trees, gigantic pumpkins, hefty ^^ears and luscious grapes; so that
but little more on that score remains to be said. Otherwise, it is of the utmost interest

82 KEPoirr fimm caukokxia.

to every terraculturist, repeatedly to dwell ui)OD the conditions favoi'able to the develop-
ment of those products; to unravel the mooted points regarding the cultui-e of our fruits
and decide upon their adaptability to different sections of the country; and, finally, to
relate, compare and compile the individual efforts and experiences.

Favored by a most genial climate, and a virgin soil, rich in all the elements of
plant food, the first seeds here given to the earth grew up luxuriantly, amply
i-ewarding the labor of the culturist. Still, at the threshold of our efforts, we were
controverted by the advocates of deep and of shallow ploughing, or even trenching, as
a preliminary operation to planting. The conviction here appears to be settled, that a
deep, mellow and friable soil will do with less ploughing, but heavy, adhesive clays
cannot be worked too much ; provided the soil is well stirred, but not turned over to a
great depth, nor left too flaky, but well pulverized and ('ompressed. Tn this, during six
months, rainless climate, if the soil is well pulverized, corn, beans and many vegetables
are raised successfully without a drop of water, and fruit trees develop thriftily. Some
ascribe this to capillary attraction of moisture fi-om the bowels of the earth, othei's, with
better reason, to the known processes of condensation. With twenty inches of yearly
rainfall favorably distributed, all grain and fruits yit'ld aliundant crops. Still, judicious
irrigation would enable us to grow perpetual crops during the year; and also, if a})plied
early in the season, impi'ove the size and juiciness of our tVuits, without detei'iorating
their keeping qualities. Newly ti-ansplanted trees can gain, by irrigation, in one, the
growth of three seasons.

Tri'igation, so well understood by the ancients, but neglected under- the baibarism
of the middle ages, begins to receive that attention connnensui'ate to its importance for
California. To prevent and repair waste, is an uncontroverted axiom in agriculture;
still thei'e is but little done with us, to utilize the most valuable part of our
surface soil, or prevent its being cai'ried off" by heavy rains and overflows. Millions of
acres of the richest soil, now lying barren, or with only scanty vegetation, are waiting
for the vivifying flow over their surface of the su])ei'abundant waters of the Sacramento
and San Joaquin rivers and their tril)utaries, to fill the granaries of the world; and the
overflowed or tule land, at the conjunction of those rivers, if reclaimed, would surpass,
in abundance and variety of products, the famous delta of the Nile. The work of
reclaiming those tule lands is prosecuted most energetically; and the facility of its
accomplishment, and the success already achieved in I'aising bounteous and luxuriant
crops, surpasses the most hopeful anticipations. Their value is enhanced by the locality
being exempt from miasmatic diseases. They are subject to public entry at one dollar
and a quarter per acre, and the proceeds are disbursed for their reclamation. Here are
homes for the asking, in the future Holland of the Pacific, the most valuable, the most
highly to be prized land in California.

The tap root was another source of botheration, until by digging, observing and
comparing; following up several roots through many yards of gopher holes, some by a
circuitous route of over forty feet into a well, and others about the cellar, I concluded

BEPOET FROJr CALIFORNIA. 83

that it was wicked to curtail that appendage — it was opposing the instinct of nature
by a contracted spirit; besides, it was fighting a shadow; all the trees I ever bought
had a superabundance of top, but scanty tap.

In my first efforts at horticulture, I was forcibly impressed, while contemplating
the promising fruit-buds on my yearling peach trees, that to secure peaches for next
season, I certainly should not whittle up my darlings into fashionable standards; so I
contented myself with pinching off the ends of the shoots, and have invariably followed
that practice since with profit ; though often mortified by the remark of Eastern visitors,
that the " trees looked unnatural." Low-branched fruit trees shade the ground, protect
the stem from injury and sun-scald, and reduce the expense of pruning and gathering
fruit fully fifty per cent.

Our protracted dry season, bright skies and high temperature, are favorable to the
development of fruit buds; hence our fruit trees are weakened in their physique by
overbearing; and if to tliis is added insufficient moisture, close planting and neglect in
pruning, they soon fail. The advice holds good, to follow the renovating system of
pruning, by shortening in the liranches, thinning out the fruit, clean culture and shading
the trunk. There is a needless apprehension with some, that covering the stems of fruit
trees with a composition of clay, lime and ashes, which is otherwise very serviceable to
protect the stem from manifold injuiies, would obstruct the pores of the Ijark, to which
they ascribe the office of lungs. Having had occasion to apply such a mixture, some
seven years ago, I observe the good eftects of that application to this day ; the painted
bark of those trees is perfectly smooth and healthy looking, while the bark above has a
dull appeai'ance, and is covered more oi' less with moss; the line of demarkation is very
distinct. There is considerable ditt'erence here in the season of the ripening of many
varieties of fruit; some late winter varieties getting mellow in the fall; but it depends
entirely on the location, influenced by the aspect of the gi'ound, dryness of the soil and
the temperature, and is not general ; hence our markets are supplied, for many months
with a given variety of fruit in all stages of ripeness. From the same cause, there is
also a great difference — undoubtedly, more than in other countries — in the flavor, size
and coloring of California fruits.

Our pioneers in horticulture, formerly strangers to that vocation, tried to surpass
each other in possessing the greatest number of varieties ; and it is to be regi'etted that,
in very many instances, they were imposed upon ])y unscrupulous nurserymen, with long
catalogues of so-called choice varieties, which mainly proved perfectly woi'thless; and
the products of those trees now encumber our nuirket with unsaleable and inferioi-
fruits.

It would be desirable, if there could be the same spirit enlisted in the effort of
renovating and infusing new blood in the few really choice and desirable varieties, that
is now devoted to producing new ones from seed. The ettbrt would be as alluring in
its results, and require fully as much attention, care and judicious discrimination,
besides affording far more profitable i-et>irns. It would necessitate the careful selection

84 REPORT FROM GEORGIA.

of well developed seeds from thrifty seedling trees, if possible, to raise stocks, and the
selecting of scions from perfectly healthy young trees bearing a numbei' one fiuit, and
in every way of normal condition.

Our fruit trees are as yet measurably exempt from disease and depredations of
insects, but those pests begin to multiply, and soon will 1)6 as annoying as in the
older cultivated sections of the country.

But California can claim pre-eminence in the culture of the vine. The choicest
foreign varieties, either adaptinl for the table or for wine, thrive to perfection, and it is
only a nuitter of time to render suj)erriuous the importation of raisins and wines. It is
not to be expected that a new industry, requiring very nice and careiul manipulation,
considerable accumulated capital, antl many provisions and appliances which in other
countries took many generations to establish, can have arrived at perfection within the
one decade past. i')Ut there is no exaggeration in j)r()claiming, that here are lying idle
innumerable most (;lioice spots, in every way favorably adapted for viniculture, waiting
for the first comer to appropriate his share as a free gift from the nation. Those future
vineyards can be selected accoixling to whim or knowledge, in every desirable aspect,
altitude, underlaying strata of decomposed volcanic or aqueous detritus; with any
desirable predominance, either of silicions or calcareous foimations; and with ecpially
great modifications in climate and other meteorological conditions. The vine, once
rooted, delights in the ardent rays of the sun; no drought checks its growth; no
vicissitudes of season destroy the vignei'on's hope in California. No exhausting labor
exacts his every moment of existence, for carrying on his back the little earth he can
scrape between rocks and clifi's, to nourish his vine; nor needs he to toil through many
unpropitious seasons, to obtain now and then a fair crop. The fig, the olive, pome
granate, the citron family, the tea and coffee, and even the tro])ical palm and banana,
are ready to fill his lap with golden fruit — a most worthy prize for exeilion. The more
modest mull)erry is destined to exceed them all in value, with the silken threads soon
to be spun in so many prosperous households. Nut bearing trees of many varieties,
and the nourishing chestnut are ready as so many substitutes foi' bread. Even the
cork oak takes delight to float us ovei' many difficulties, and assist in all good offices
towards the vigneron.

J. Stkentzel.

REPORT FROM GEORGIA.

Augusta, Ga., August 7th, 1871.
F. R Elliott, Esq.,

Scrretary of the American Fomological Socieii/ :

Dear Sir: The peach crop throughout the Southern States has been uncommonly
large, and remarkable by the absence of defective truit among our early varieties.
Usually the first ripening specimens are attacked by the curculio, and unfit for use. This

REPORT FROM GEORGIA. 8o

year, the first defective peaches were apparent ouly when the extra early varieties had
matured. We fii'st attributed the absence of the usual depredation of the curculio to
the extreme cold weather of last winter, which might possibly have destroyed the
larvae of the insect; but as we soon found the usual amount of affected fruit among the
varieties maturing end of June, it was evident that the supposition was incorrect.
Hale's Early, Tillotson, Troth's Early, Haines' Early Red, Fleitas 8t. John, all maturing
between the 1st and 25th of June, were entirely free from worms. As these varieties
bloomed at the same time as those maturing at a later period, the fruit was as much
liable to being attacked by the curculio as the others. Still the entire freeness of this
defect was general through the State, and only as far as these varieties.

This season has enabled the Hales to be fully tested here. A great diversity of
opinion exists as far as its adaptation for shipping; in the main, those that have fully
tested it, coincide in a favorable opinion. If gathered when it has attained full size,
and just at the point when it begins to assume the ripening coloi-, it will stand shipping
as far as any peach can be sent. It has been condemned in a few localities, owing to
its predisposition to decay. Except these exceptional unfavorable reports, it is conceded
by fruit growers to be the best very early variety introduced. Its period of maturity
commenced in the middle section of the South, June 1st, and it continued to mature
gradually until the loth. During this time, rains were of almost daily occurrence,
still there was no decay visible in that section.

Among the new varieties, of late introduction, Mr. Rivers' seedlings are very
promising, but not sufficiently tested to report u]>on. The Fleitas St. John, which is
doubtless the original name of the May Beauty, of Louisiana, has been satisfactorily
tested, and admitted among our best very early varieties. The fruit resembles the Early
Crawford in appearance, Init with deeper colored skin, and matures with Early Tillotson,
or fully three weeks Ijefore the former. Mountain Rose follows Early Tillotson, and is
an improvement upon the large Early York. It is sujierioi' in quality. Many new
varieties have appeared, whose period of matui'ity takes place during July, when this
fruit is in its greatest al)undance; hence they are not as valuable as those that mature
at the beginning of the season. Of late varieties, the Piccjuets Late, as a substitute
for Smock, is unsurpassed.

Apples produced a moderate crop. Few new varieties, of merit, have appeared.

Pear trees have suffered from blight to an alarming extent. Few varieties are
exempt from this scourge; the Duchesse de Angouleme being the only variety which
has never been affected. Trees are not often affected until they commence to bear fruit,
and when a branch is diseased it is nearly always that which produces fruit, leaving
the others comparatively free from contamination. I have, of late years, gradually lost
many trees, which were first aft'ected upon such portion as produced fruit, each
succeeding year destroying the fruitful branches, until now scarcely the stump remains
alive. If, by chance, a branch is without fruit, it will ])e often found in a most luxuriant
growing condition. This singular fact should be carefully investigated, as it may,

86 REPORT FROM OEORCilA.

perchance, lead to the true cause of the disease, and, consequently, to the discovery of
a remedy. The pear crop has been very large in the past four years, there being no
intermission of good yield in that time. Our Ijest crops have been produced where
trees have received but oi'dinary care. Under the most favorable circumstances, such
as clean culture and heavy fertilizing, the blight was most disastrous in its effects.

PLUMS.

We have now several improved varieties of the Chickasaw type, which are
veiy productive, and this season have been entirely free from eurculio. Although these
varieties ai'e inferior in (piality to the finer varieties, such as the Gages, Washington,
etc., their quality is of a sufficiently fair standard to be admitted among our good fruits.
The earliest good variety is Caradeuc; fruit of medium size; round; yellow, with brown
red cheek; flesh melting, sweet and vinous, slightly adhering to the stone; ripens end
of May. This vai'iety shows hyl)rid characteristics. Next is the Wild (xoose, a large,
bright red fruit, a basket of which is an attraction to customers to any fruit dealer's
stall. We end the season with Mountain and Newman's, both improved Chickasavvs;
the latter I'ipens from middle of July to middle of August, and is an e.xtraordinary
prolific variety. This is only a l)eginning of the introduction of a new race of plums,
upon whic-li the cuiculio seem to have no destructive power. Several new varieties of
this I'lass have lately been produced in Alabama, but specimens sent were decayed on
ai-rival, and pi-evt^nted me fi'om giving a full report.

The Grape crop has generally been very small; even in our cities, where this crop
is always abundant, the smallness of this year's yield being a matter of surju'ise. The
Catawba seems to regain its former state of health, and many vines tliat had not
produced sound fruit during a luunber of years, and entirely neglected as to culture,
have this year produced sound fruit. On the other hand, Concord has decayed badly,
in nearly every section of the State.

The Ives has now l)een sufficiently tested to class it among oui' .standard varieties.
Kipening with Hartford Prolific, it colors more evenly, ])roduces larger bunches, keeps
the berries well on the stems, and is a most vigorous grower, and prolific bearer. No
decay has, so fai-, affected this variety. It is a source of regret, as well as surprise, that
of our Southern varieties, which formerly ranked foi'emost as to (juality and fertility,
we have scarely any left which are free from decay.

The Warren, or Herbemont, has nearly been abandoned, owing to its regular failure,
from decay. Jacques, or Ohio Lenoir, and Long, are similarly, though somewhat less,
affected. Pauline has stopped bearing fruit. Strong growing vines have, of late years,
failed to show any sign of fruit. These failures would indicate that grapes, like many
other fruits, have but a limited period of existence; that after a few years of fertility
they degenerate in vigor, and need replacing by newer and strongly constituted varieties.
The theory advanced Ijy many grape growers, that continual renewal of the vines is
necessary as a preventive of rot, is gaining ground here. We can not expect more than

REPORT FROM (iEOK<iIA. 87

three or four sound crops of grapes ft-om onr vines when planted in open field. After
that they do not pay to retain. In cities, or \vheie vines are trained upon buildings,
this defect is not so apparent. Close pruning has helped this state of degeneracy in
vigor. The drawbacks experienced by grape growers, by the decay in gi-apes, have
been so numerous that many have Ijeconie discouraged ; and this would eventually have
arrested this branch of culture, was it not for the Scuppernong, and other varieties of
the type, Rotundifolia, which never have yet failed to repay for its culture. To this
type we must look for the future of wine growing here. Many improved vai'ieties are
cultivated ; others will soon follow, imtil we may reasonably expect a list of varieties,
differing in their color and taste, to enable the production of different classes of wines.
There is improvement needed to make the Scuppernong perfect as a wine gi'ape ; as
it is, however, its value for our section can not be too highly estimated.

The Strawberry culture has increased with great rapidity. Our markets are now
supplied in great abundance, where a few years past this fruit was scarcely ever seen.
Still with the large amounts daily brought for sale, as a I'ule, good prices have been
obtained for good fruit, which will tend to a further increase of this fruit. Good fruit,
well cared for, has never failed to produce a paying price, notwithstanding the quantity
in market seemed above the demand. Our seaports of Carolina and Geoi'gia have
inaugurated a large trade with Northern cities in the supply of early strawberries.
Increased facilities in shipping are expected for next season, when immense quantities
of this fruit will be grown for that purpose.

Although not strictly classed -among our fruits, the melon has, by common consent,
been admitted among them; and as the culture of the water-melon, in the vicinity of
Augusta, has assumed immense proportions, this branch of culture is worthy of some
attention. Shipping water-melons to New York is a new branch of trade, inaugurated
here within the past few years, and is one that is increasing rapidly in extent. We
have here a section of country that seems admirably adapted to their production, and
such is their quality that Augusta melons are considered as the superior class of that
fruit in New York market. For shipping, the Rattlesnake melon is usually grown.
It grows of uniform large size; is always of superior quality, and remains fresh for a
long time after being gathered.

In conclusion, I am happy to say that great improvements have taken place in our
methods of fruit culture ; increased attention is paid to our native fruits, and their
amelioration; Pomological societies are being established, and fruit culture is now
recognized as one of our most important branches of husbandry.

Very respectfully, P. J. Berokmans,

Chairman State Fruit Committee.

88 KKI'Oin' FliO.M ILLINOIS.

REPORT FROM ILLINOIS.
F. K. Elliott,

Secretary American Pomnlogical Socieiy :

Deak Sir: I herewith give some notes of my experience with, and observation of,
varieties of fruits on the white soil of Southern Illinois, latitude thirty-nine degrees,
nine miles from the Mississippi.

APPLES.

American Svmmer Pearmain. — Desirable for familj' use, but not sufficiently pro-
ductive nor highly colored to ])e jirofitable for market. Trees thiiteen years planted.

Adrachan Red. — Thirteen years planted. Not pi'oductive, and inoi'e marked and
disfigured by insects than any other varieties. Fruit laige and high colored. Tree
very healthy.

Autumnal Sweet. — Nine years planted. Tree healthy ; not productive. Fiuit
very good.

Belmont.— Km% years planted. Productive and good, l>ut rather small, and here
an autumn apple.

Bdlefleur Yelloiv. — Trees of various ages not pioductive, as a general rule.

Benoni. — Eight and nine years planted. Inclined to l)liglit on ricli land. Over-
bears. Too small, perhaps, for market, but very good in quality.

Ben Davis. — Trees eight yeai-s planted. A good ti-ee and productive; the fruit of
good size and highly colored, V)ut rather moie subject to insect depredations than others,
and bai'ely good in quality.

Blu^ Pearmain. — I have not fruited; Ijut it is condemned as poor by those who
have.

Bohannaii. — Trees six years planted. Bore very handsome and good fruit, of
above medium size, this season. I am favoraV)ly iin])ivss('d witli it.

Bonum.—l consider this, all things considered, the most promising Southern
variety I have yet fruited. Tiee six yeais planted.

Caroliiia Red June. — ^Trees twenty-nine, thirteen and eight years planted. This
variety has been discarded l)y some growers for "scabl)ing;" but it succeeded well in
1870 and 1871, and, with high cidture, will, no doubt, give fartht-r good returns.

Clienango Strawberry, I have not had in beai'ing, but I have good accounts of it
from a neighbor. It is one of our most beautiful summer fruits.

Cooper. — Twenty-eight years planted. Although unshapely and cankered, has
borne some nice fruit. It is a September apple here, although I have seen it as a winter
variety from Northern Illinois.

Cogswell. — Nine years planted. Shows a barely good tree, l>ut ])roductive of a
good and handsome aj)ple. It may be worth extending the cultivation of farther north.

REPORT FROM ILLINOIt^. 89

CoUii Quince. — Nine years planted. A vigorous, heavy foliaged tree, and pro-
ductive. Fruit large, coarse and misshapen. Will not be desirable here, I think.

Dominie. — Trees nine years planted; are among the most regular and strong
growers. The fruit is out of shape, and drops prematurely. I don't think it will do
here.

Drap cVOr. — Ti'ees nine years planted. Tree good. Fruit not fair, but very good
to best in quality.

DueJiess of Oldenhurg. — Trees nine years planted ; are of slow growth, partly in
consequence of great bearing. The frviit drops prematurely, and, whether ripe or not,
is of too fearful an acidity to be tolerable where better varieties can be grown.

Early Harvest. — This variety ripened this year a week earlier than ever befoi-e,
and ten days in advance of its average season. The tree is not entirely healthy in my
older orchard; l)ut I think this may arise from climbing into them to pick the fruit,
when the bark is easily injured, as it is when we gather them. This vai'iety has some
faults of " scabbing" and unproductiveness, Imt we must keep it until we can do l)etter.

Early Pennoch. —Nine years planted. Has good trees, and, this season and last,
has borne some good crops of large, handsome apples, of good quality. I am favorably
impressed with it as a market apple.

Early Strawberry. — Twentj^-eight years planted. This variety, if I have it right,
is desirable. The tree is vigorous, and the fruit abundant, fair and good for mai'ket or
home use.

FaUaioater. — Tree a strong, healthy and rapid grower, and bearing well; ])ut the
fruit, though large, is almost without a tinge of red, though I have seen it in Michigan
pretty highly colored. Trees thirteen years planted; begin to look old. I doubt
whether this variety will pay.

Fall Pippin. — Nine years planted. Strong, healthy trees. No fruit to speak of,
as yet.

Fall Wine. — Trees thirteen years planted. Tree proved tender with high culti-
vation, and "bark burst" in several cases in 1803. Eather productive; and the fruit
one of the most exquisitely flavored varieties that I am acquainted with.

Fameuse. — Nine yeai's planted. Tree healthy, but the fruit rots l»adly, though
abundant and good. I think it cannot resist insect attacks as well as some other
varieties.

Fulton. — Trees nine years planted ; bore their first good crop this year. This is
evidently a seedling of the Rambo, resembling it in tree and fruit.

Gilpin. — Trees are short lived, and the planting of 1822 gone long ago. This is
considered a profitable variety, but my experience has not proved it. It keeps well, and
sells when there is nothing better, and makes good cider. I plant it under jirotest.

10

90 RKPOUT FUOM IM.INdlS.

Grirnes' Gohhn Pippin. — Trees seven years planted. Is very vigorous, and bore a
single fair seeming specimen of fruit this year.

Hawthornden. — Trees nine years planted ; are dwarfed with heavy bearing, and
look the worse for wear. They commenced bearing in 1865, and have borne, I think,
seven consecutive crops, generally heavy, of large, fair apples. I think it will prove
quite valuable for cooking and market. The productiveness of this variety, and its
dwarfing effect upon the tree, reminds one of the Oregon experience, all varieties there
being dwarfed by overbearing.

Hemes' Virgiiiia Grab.^ has just begun to l)ear fruit with me, but is in full bearing
on old trees some miles away, and succeeding admirably.

High-Top Sweet. — Trees eight years planted; began to bear this year. Tree
vigorous, but veiy irregular in its bearing; one limb will be roped with apples, whilst
another does not show a fruit. Fruit very good, but not marketable to any extent.
Where sour apples are so much toned d(>\vn by summer heat, sweet apples are not
appi'eciated as farther North.

Horse Apple. — This variety succeeds well, especially along the river bluffs, at
Chester and below. I have not fruited it.

Huhardston Nonemch. — Twelve years planted. A good ti'ce and productive
The apple is fine and large, but rots on the slightest provocation.

Jersey Sweet. — Thirteen years planted. A very strong, vigorous tree, quite
productive, and one of our best sweet summer apples. I shall extend its cultivation for
stock and home use, and I do not despair of selling the fruit, for they are pretty as well
as good.

Jonathan. — Nine years planted. A tree of good shape and vigor and very
productive. The fruit is very beautiful and very good. I shall plant more of it. The
only fault I have to find, is that it is here an autumn apple, not much later than the
Rambo.

Keswick Codlin. — Eight years planted. The tree is not entirely healthy, but
i-ather productive. I have not made up my mind as to its true value here, but am
inclined to substitute.

Kirhbridge White. — The first planting of this apple in our orchards was made in
1822, under the name of June Apple, and I have trees of various ages. It is apparently
a seedling of the Keswick Codlin, resembling it in tree and fruit, but is a good eating
apple. The tree is hardy, vigorous, an early bearei', productive, and the fruit fair and
very good.

Large Yelhiu Bough. — Trees twenty-nine years old and under. We want this for
family use, never for profit.

Lady Apple. — Trees thirteen years planted ; have borne very little fruit. Tree
healthy and strong, and the fruit approved.

REPORT PROM ILLINOIS. 91

Maiden\s Blnsh. — Eleven years planted. The tree is a little difficult to establish,
but vigorous when started. The fruit is marked more than other varieties by insects;
but it is a good market variety, from its fine appearance and productiveness.

Newtown Pippin. — Trees forty-nine, twenty-nine and fewer years planted. This
variety proves longer lived and more vigorous than its nursery growth would indicate.
It bears tolerably well ; the fruit mildews and cracks some yeai'S, but is always superior
in quality and worth fighting for.

Northern Spy. — Thirteen years planted ; has not borne much fruit as yet, and that
not fair. I hear better accounts of it from others.

Ortley — Thirteen years planted ; has given me very little fair fruit, and the foliage
does not promise much vigor in the future.

Porter. — Nine years planted; has a very handsome, healthy tree, and bears good
crops, all through the tree, of ftiir and even sized fruit. It is one of our best summer
varieties in older orchards. I shall plant more of them.

Primate. — Eight years planted; is just beginning to bear. The tree is healthy;
the fruit of good size and excellent. It will bear planting more of

Pryor\s Med, — I have trees of this, forty-nine years planted, bearing good crops of
fair fruit this yeai\ The tree is healthy, a moderate bearer, and the fruit one of our
best — perhaps the best, winter apple.

Ranibo. — I have trees, young and old, of this standard variety. I never found it
profitable, and never disagreeable to eat. It grows well and bears well.

Rawles Janet. — I have more trees of this variety than any othei-, and have found
it the most profitable winter apple. The tree is healthy, low, and bears prodigiously-
The fruit grows too much in clusters, and decays in consequence, and the tree, like other
great bearers, is short lived. It is a late bloomer, and escapes late frosts. It requires
a long season to mature its fruit well, and can endure freezing with great equanimity.

Red Canada^ is successful and highly esteemed in the orchai'ds about Bunker Hill,
ten miles distant.

Rhode Island Greening. — Eight years planted ; has a healthy tree, but the fruit is
not fair and drops prematurely. Early jiicking remedies the latter fault in pai't.

Roman Stem. — Twelve years planted ; has a tolerably, but not very, heavy foliage,
and is moderately productive, of a very good, but not showy, fi'uit. It seems only
desii'able for amateur purposes here.

Roichury Russet. — Some twenty-five yeai's planted ; has a healthy tree, and very
fair, large and handsome fruit, ripening in Novembei' and December, and inferior in
quality to the same variety grown north.

Rome Beauty.- -iwfii coming in; has a moderately healthy ti'ee and fair, handsome
fruit; but I am inclined to think we can do better, even foi- market.

92 REPORT FROM ILLINOIS!.

Sine qmmon. — ^Twenty-eight years planted; has a round-headed, Puritanical tree,
and bears fair crops of very good and rather tender apples. It is worth keeping up.

Smith's Cider. — ^Nine years planted. Trees tolerably healthy and quite productive.
Fruit very fair and handsome, but barely good in quality. This is said by President
Hyde and Mr. Snedecker, of our Alton Horticultural Society, to be their most profitable
apple.

Sopii of Wine. — -Nine years planted ; has a pretty good tree and is pretty
productive. The apple in this latitude is medium to large, highly colored and almost
sweet, in short, a strong contrast to the same variety grown in Vermont, where 1 found
it small and acid. The skin and flesh are tough, which do ui)t improve its eating, but
vastly help its shijiping qualities. Mr. Huggins, of Woodl)urn, and Mr. Hilliard, of
Brighton, reckon it their best summer market apple.

Summer Queen. — Trees twenty-eight years old and under, have failed to give satis-
faction. The tree grows rapidly and vigorously, but decays early, and its fruit is rank
in flavor and generally unfair.

Swaar. — Trees nine years planted; have grown slowly, and are just coming into
bearing. It is here an early winter apple, of best (piality, but piobalily not profitable
as a market sort.

Tetofshy. — Eiglit years planted; grows rather slowly, and very upright, witli a
lai'ge, healthy leaf It bears early, and the fruit is very handsome, and the best in
quality of any of the Russian varieties I have tried. I shall extend its culture.

Tolrnxxn^s Sweeting. — Nine years planted. Tree vigorous and healthy. It overbears
and drops its fruit early, but the apples keep well until fai' into the autumn. It
promises well for stock feeding.

Townsend. — I have this variety nine years planted, I suppose, under the name of
Hocking. Tree healthy and productive. The fruit very good and ripening in August.

White Pijypin. — Eight years planted; is just coming into Vjearing. Tree strong
and healthy; fruit promising.

White Winter Pearmain. — Nine years planted; is promising well in tree and fi'uit.

Wine Sap. — Of various ages. This variety has a rather ugly tree, and with me has
not been very productive. Its foliage threatens to fail. Generally, in this section, it is
one of the most highly esteemed.

Willow Twig. — Eleven years planted. Tree strong and healthy. Fiuit a good
deal damaged every year by insects, especially by the codlin moth. Very productive.

Wine Apple. — This variety was in our old orchard of 1822, under the name of
Pennsylvania Red Streak. It has a rather bad leaf and root, but bears well; and the
fruit is large, highly colored and very good foi- all purposes.

So much for sixty-six of the varieties of apples now upon our catalogue of fruits.

REPORT FROM ILLINOIS. 93

PEARS.

B'lrtlett^ here, as elsewhere, stands first for profit, and, like the Wilson's Albany
strawberry and Concord grape, forms the popular taste.

Belle Lucyr'atMie. — Nine years planted. One of our handsomest ti'ees, and one of
the woi'st to blight. Fruit large and excellent, but does not color enough, nor keep well
enough to market to advantage.

Beurre Bosc. — A single tree; ten years planted; has proved very ugly, and borne
a few fine pears this year and last. Pretty healthy.

Beurre (Jlairgean. — Six years planted. A small, healthy tree, thus far; productive,
and the fruit fair, well-colored and large. Quality a little questionable, though I
have seen it very good.

Beurre iVAnjou. — Nine years planted. A vigorous, healthy tree, moderately
productive. Fruit very good to best.

Beurre Diel. — Six years planted ; is just coming into bearing. It is healthy, thus
far, but from what I have seen of its loss of leaves, back of St. Louis, I have no great
hopes of it.

Beurre Easter. — Has blighted badly with me, when cultivated, and borne indif-
ferent fi'uit when not. I have not yet succeeded in making it both healthy and good.

Beurre Golden, of Bilboa. — Six years planted ; has borne one fair ci'op of good
fruit, somewhat uneven in size. More valuable pears ripen Avith it, and make it of no
special value.

Beurre Oswego. — Six years planted; has borne but little fruit, and that not
valuable. It may improve.

Bloodgood. — Nine years planted. A little inclined to blight, otherwise (juite
healthy. Ripens in succession to Doyenne d'Ete, and valuable for market, or home use.
Productive, thus fai".

Buffiim. — Eight years planted ; has a vigorous and healthy tree, and has borne
some fruit. This year the quality is very good. Rather small for a mai'ket pear, at
this season, but the health of the tree, and the keeping, after ripening, of the fruit, may
make it desirable.

DearhorrC s Seedling. — Six years planted. Tree rather poor fruit; pretty, and
rather wanting in character. Am not yet prepared to recommend it.

Doyenne Boussocli. — Eight years planted ; bore fruit the first time this year. Tree
strong and vigorous, but looks as if it might Idight. This variety loses its leaves
prematurely, in some quarters. Fruit fine.

Doyenne d) Ete. — Ten years planted. Tree pretty vigorous, but inclined to blight,
somewhat. Fruit, thus far, very good, and valuable, for an early pear; much suj)erior
to that of Madeleine. It is, thus far, my l)est early pear. Rijiens not much aftei- July 1.

94 REPORT FROM ILLINOIS.

Doyenne Gray. — Eigbfc years planted. Tree healthy, and fruit "best," except in
the matter of cracking, to which it is more or less liable. Toleral;)ly productive.

Doyenne White. — Ten years planted. The same statement will apply to this,
except that the fruit is more injured by cracking than that of the Gray.

Diiclie.'^.s (T Angoideme. — Nine years planted, on quince stock. Tree only moderately
vigorous, but quite productive. Next to Bartlett, it produces the most marketable
fi'uit of any variety I have tiled. Variable in quality.

Flemish Beauty. — I have not fruited, but find it generally but little favored in
Southern Illinois. In the North it succeeds better.

Glont Moreeau. — My own trees, planted on wet ground, in 1863, died of blight, in
five or six years. I know of old trees, in two localities, in this neighl)orhood, that are
very fruitful and pi'oiltable.

Howell. — Six years planted. One of the handsomest trees, and productive. It
ripens almost too near the season of the Bartlett to be planted for market, in competition
with it.

Kirtland. — Eight years planted; has a nice tree, and pretty, but, to my taste, not
very good fruit. Too small, perhaps, for market purposes.

Lawrence. — Nine years planted. Tiie tree is not so healthy as I would like.
Tolerably productive, of very good truit.

Madelciiii'. — Eight years planted ; has, to adapt the old story, but two faults: one
is, that it is hard to grow the tree, it blights so badly ; the other, that when the tree
is grown, its fruit is too poor to pay for the ])ains. I can hardly understand its
receiving so many stars.

Najmleoii. — I have seen trees of this l)eariiig nice fruit, at Alton, but think it
is not highly valued.

(Jiiondar/a. — Ten years planted. This tree has been unhealthy, but it was, perhaps,
the tault of the individual trees pui'chased. Pi'oductive, and the fruit large and good,
though coarse. I shall try it fartlier.

Osband^s Summer. — Six years planted; produced its first fruit this year. Tree
vigorous, some blight. Fruit very good, but small.

Rosiiezer. — Six years planted. Ti-ee strong, healthy, and ugly. Fruit rather
numerous, very small, and very good. An Alton friend recommends it for market, in
spite of its small size.

Seckel. — Ten years planted. One of the handsomest and healthiest trees, and
sufiiciently productive. Its color and size are against it, as a market fruit, and it
sometimes rots in the packages, on its way to market ; but the quality of the fruit is
making its way, nevertheless.

Sheldon. — Eight years planted. Tree tolerably healthy. Fruit very desirable, in
quality, and appearance. Not productive, thus far.

REPOliT KKOM ILLINOIS. 95

Stenen's Genesee. — Trees six years planted; are sufficiently healthy and ])roductive
for their years, but I do not much value the fruit. Its color is not attractive, nor its
flavor high.

Tyson. -Trees six years planted; are very strong and healthy, but have not borne
much fruit. The fruit itself, I think very highly of.

All the pears noted were on pear stocks, excepting the Duchess.

PEACHES.

Bergen^ s Yellow. — I have not fruited. Dr. Hull, on the Mississippi Bluffs, linds
it very flue, with other reniform sorts, in a dry season.

Coluinbia. — This variety I have grown mostly as a seedling. It reproduces itself,
with a little variation in color, and season of ripening. Of about one hundred seedlings,
only one seems to vary enough to make a separate propagation of it desirable. This
sub-variety is some days earlier than the Columbia proper, and yellow, rather than
brown, in its color. I have propagated it, by budding, and shall try it in greater
quantity. In favorable seasons, the Columbia is, perhaps, our best variety.

OraioforcVs Early. — A very beautiful peach; one of the best for market, but there
is a good deal of complaint of its tender buds, here and elsewhere.

Crawford' s Late. — The same is more emphatically true of this variety.

Early TUlotson. — This variety seems a little earlier than the Troth's Early, and is
a rather better peach. It is a serrate variety, however, and less healthy, and has been
generally discarded. On our stronger prairie soils, howevei', and, I pi'esume, with high
cultivation, elsewhere, it seems to be still worthy of a place.

Early York. — This variety also serrate; seems to be more healthy in tree and
hardy in bud than the Tillotson, but its fruit is more inclined to lot.

Haines'' Early Red. — The variety cultivated under this name is a favorite jjcach
among Alton fruit growers. As far as I have seen or fi'uited them, I have been unal)]e
to distinguish this variety or Cole's Early Red, as I have received it, from Troth's
Early, which is now the most widely known of the three. Under whatever name, it is
a hardy, healthy and valuable peach.

Hale's Early. — ^This variety has rotted here as elsewhere, but the vigor of the tree,
the hardiness of the buds, and the beauty and earliness of the fruit, niake it still
desirable. Judge A. M. Brown, of Villa Ridge, has ascertained, by special experiments,
that even in a quite warm and humid atmosphere, this variety is quite fi'ee from rot
provided the curculio is prevented from marking it. This is also the report of Dr. Hull
and others.

Heath Cling. — ^This variety mildews and ci'acks some seasons, but is one of our
hardiest and finest varieties, as well as valuable for its lateness.

06 KEl'OUT FROM ILIJXOIS.

Keiirick'' s Heath. — This peach was veiy fine in our dry autumn of 1870, but usually
is not much esteemed. White peaches, moreover, do not sell well in our Western
markets ; the reverse, I believe, is true in the East.

La (xrange. — One of our latest and best peaches, though subject to mildew and
cracking. We cannot spare it from an amateur list.

Lar(/e Early York. — A vigorous tree, with pretty hardy buds and large and iine
fruit. This is at once a good market and family variety. It rots somewhat in bad
seasons.

3Iorris WTtite. — The tree is weak, and the fiiiit generally too unu-li mildewed to be
profitable; yet, in its best condition, I think it a fine j^each.

Old Mixoii Free. — I am sorry to say I have no j)ei'sonal ex])erience with this
variety, but those who have, call it one of the best for market purposes. There is more
agreement upon this than upon any other variety.

SiDock. — My own exj)erience with this variety, in a small way, has not been very
much in its favor; but it is very generally approved in this I'egion. A successor to it
is needed, which we hope to find in Salway or Picquet's Late, bt)th of which I have
under cultivation, but not yet tVuited.

SI irmjy-the- World, is a successful variety; the ti-ee being hardy and vigorous, and
the fruit large, handsome, even in size and of f^iir quality.

Troth' a Earl;/, has a very stiong, vigorous tree, and its fiuit, if not large, is
abundant, beautiful and of fair quality.

Ward's Late Free. — This variety is less known than many others, and I have no
personal experience with it; but I hear very good accounts of it.

YelloiD Rareripe. — This variety, with me, has proved tender in bud, and conse-
quently a shy bearer; but it is, I think, the best early yellow peach, and I shall retain
it, though hardly for profit.

I have one hundred and seventy-five vaiieties of peaches planted, and ho])e to l)e
able to communicate further information of greater interest.

APRICOTS.

This species escaped frosts and insects this year beyond its wont, and was sold in
the markets in considerable cpiantity.

Early Golden. — This variety seemed the hardiest, but small in size and of relative
inferior quality.

Breda, if I have it right, which I douljt, much resembled the Early Golden.
Moor park, seemed more tender than these, but was much larger and finer.
Large Early, I have not fruited, l)ut, as grown by Dr. Hull, it seems valuable.

RKI'OKT KKO.M ILMNOfS. 97

The apricot ti'ee here seems to he injured something in the same way as the sweet
chei-ry, either Ijy a I'etentive subsoil or winter's sun. I am inclined to think it succeeds
best on the peach stock; and the finest tree I have ever seen grows in the Loess on the
Alton bluffs.

- NECTARINES.

Nectarines occasionally, as seedlings, bear heavy crops among our common peach
trees, but are generally of little value. The Ijudded varieties succeed less easily. Dr.
Hull, who has fruited them more than any person I am acquainted with, pronounces
Elruge the best; and that is hardly esteemed, except as a curiosity among the finer
peaches.

QUINCES.

Augers, Ijears good ci-oi)S of fair fruit, smaller and later than the Oiange.

()r<ui{/(\ bears tolera])ly well, and the fruit is the best of any well tested varieties.

The Cjuince has been grown by an old resident, Lyman Barljer, of Troy, in this
county, with great success, foi' twenty-five years. Lie recommends a (v /v/ ridi soil and
the bush for III. He plants twelve by twelve feet, has six hundred and fifty ti'ees in bearing,
and sold one hundred bairels of fruit for nine hundred dollars, in 18G8.

CURRANTS.

This is a hot climate for currants. By growing them in the shade, or continuous
loosening of the surface through the season, they do very well; but they will not endure
the neglect they suft'er in cooler climates. T have given a fair trial to liut few varieties.

Black Naples, succeeds tolerably well; but there is no demand, either in the home
circle or the market, for its fruit.

Cherry, is healthy and pietty productive, rather acid, but large and handsome;
making it a valuable market currant.

Red Dutch, is still, to my mind, the best currant, all things considered, that we
have.

Wliite (J rape, is very nice, but, with me, very unproductive.

GOOSEBERRIES.

The wild goosebeny of our woods, Rlbes rutundi folium, is a good deal cultivated
for its fruit, and is quite ornamental when well grown. For cooking, its flavor is
preferred by some to that of the moi'e cultivated varieties.

I have no intelligent experience with the English varieties, but am satisfied, from
observation, that many of them can be grown, with a little more than ordinary care.
I have tried in cj^uantity —

American Seedling, which is upright in its growth, and so more easily picked than
the Houghton's Seedling, but does not produce so large or fine fruit.
11

98 PvEPoKT FKOM ILLINOIS.

Houghton' s Seedling, which is eveiy way satisfactory, except in the trailing habit
of the bush. With me, it grows of a good size, on rich ground.

Both of these varieties have mildewed, where gi-owing overshadowed l)y ti'ees, but
are otherwise healthy.

KASPBEKRIES.

I have cultivated plants from the woods, that proved thrifty and productive, but
would not compete with our imi)ioved black caj) varieties.

American Black Cap, if that is the proper name of the Doolittle, has succeeded
tolerably well here; but is less cultivated as the Miami, or, more pi'opei-ly, the McCor
mick, becomes better known. It has ))een generally healthy, yet I have known it
affected by the orange colored leaf fungus, on wet soil. Blight of the pear; this and
analogous diseases seem aggravated and are, perhaps, in part, caused l)y excess of wet
about the roots.

Chirlic. — This variety is very good in (piality, but, probal)ly from the nature of its
roots, cannot endure the droughts which are apt to set in before the end of the
raspberry season ; and it is too soft, with us, for market transportation.

Oi'ange. — ^This variety is generally discarded, as not enduring our winters; yet I
have seen it in successful cultivation on a city lot, at Springfield, in this State.

Ohio EverheariiK/, is ([uite successful near Alton, in one or two cases.

Philadelphia, is very highly spoken of by nearly all who have tried it. Wm. E.
Smith, of Alton, who has given it a more extended ti'ial than any one else in this
locality, finds it so soft as to need shipping in pint boxes; but otherwise approves of it.
It is the most enduring of drought, of all varieties I have noticed or ti'ied, and here, I
think, is of better quality than its rei)utation in the East led us to expect.

Furple Cane, is one of our best and hardiest varieties, though entirely too soft for
market, even at a short distance.

3fcCormick, as our Illinois Society has it, and as our Ohio friends pi'efer to call the
variety named Miami on our lists, has been extensively cultivated in the lower edge of
this county, near Collinsville. There are, probably, one hundred acres or more in
bearing at that point. The fruit is sold mostly at St. Louis, eight miles distant, and is
found a remunerative crop. The yield per acre is reported to vary fi-om thirty to sixty
bushels.

BLACKBERRIES.

The culture and consumption of this fruit is rapidly extending. Next to the
strawberry, it seems to be the popular berry.

Dorchester, is not much cultivated nor valued.

Kittatinny, has a varied estimate. I have heard it condemned, as no better, in
any respect, than the Lawton, and inferior in fruitfulness ; and, on the other hand, some

REPORT FROM ILLINOIS. 99

of this year's experience give it a decided preference, in uniformity of size and fine
quality.

iVew Rochelle or Lawton. — In this latitude, this remains the popular blackberry,
thus far, and deserves a good deal of commendation. In quality, it is not so good as
our wild berries ripening at the same time; but its great size and productiveness tell
strongly in its favor.

Wilson's Early, does not get a foothold.

I may add, in conclusion, that we had wild blackberries, in 1870, that were shipped

with, and sold as well as the Lawton. They were not much smaller, and of a good deal

finer flavoi'.

i

STRAWBERRIES,

Are grown in inci'easing quantities, for market and home use. The Wilson's
Albany is the one variety grown, nearly to the exclusion of all othei's. So generally is
this the case, that the popular taste is getting to be formed on this somewhat acid and
strong flavored berry, and the finer varieties are actually not so well liked.

Jucvnda, under high culture, has succeeded well the present season.

LongworWs Prolific, holds its place in some quarters; and

Green Prolific, is in favor with some cultivators

PLirMS.

This season the plum has ripened some three weeks earlier than usual; and the
season for the latest varieties, at this writing, September 15th, is over for all except the
Ooe's Late Red, which is now maturing.

At this time, we propose to go hastily ovei' a part of the list which have fruited
with us, leaving the moi'e valuable varieties for another article.

liiiy-r's Early. — A round ]Hirple plum, a little below medium size, very productive
and a long time in ripening. This year the first ripe fruit was gathered the last days
of June, while a few. specimens were picked as late as the first of September. The
color, time of ripening and quality of this plum, make it desirable as an early variety.

Prince's Yellow Gage. — This variety is very hardy and productive, and lasts a long
time, ripening gi-adually from July istli to the middle of August. It is (|uite fi'ee from
rot and of nearly first rate in quality, juicy and most agreeably flavored.

Diiane's Purple. — A noble looking plum, l)ut of poor quality, ripening a little
before and with the last named. This is one of the varieties which is so largely grown
in California for our Eastern markets. With those who gi'ow fruit, regardless of
quality, because it is showy and will sell, this variety will be a favorite.

Bleeckef s Gage. — This is a yellow plum, ratlier above medium size; ripens at
mid season or a little past. It is rather susce])ti1)le to rot; quality very good,

100 REPORT FROM ILLIXOIS.

Imperial Gage. — This and the following were recently described. It was not,
however, mentioned, that it required much care in thinning, otherwise the fruit will
be small and not well flavored. This is one of the most profitable for mai'ket. Trees
set twelve years ago, this year averaged about eight bushels of fruit each — nearly
doul)le that of any other variety.

<ren. Hand. — The present season, which has been remarkable for its early and
continued di'outh, appears not to have been favorable to this variety, as it has, for the
first time with us-, leaf-blighted badly, and the fruit scalded and cracked, causing a good
deal of rot.

Columbia. — The trees of this variety are very vigoi'ous and of a broad, spi'eading
habit. Fruit extraordinarily large, of a bi'ick red coloi*; quality good to very good.
We shall have more to say of this variety at another time.

(rreen Oage. — The standard for equality among plums. As ordinarily treated, the
trees do not bear well, but when moderately root-pruned, they are apt to overbear and
to require thinning. The trees, however, grow too slowly to make this a profitable
market variety.

Bed Gage. — Fruit a little under medium size, of a dullish I'ed color; quality best.
The trees are strong, upright growers, and are late coming into bearing.

Dominie Dull. — An early plum of the prune class, originated in this country from
a foreign seed; very productive; nearly exempt from I'otting. A good mai-ket variety;
dries well. Desirable.

GJdfifon'.'i Early. — This is a very pretty and early fruit. Tree a slow grower,
but an early and most aT)undant bearer. Fruit rather under medium size, but
seldom rots.

Pond's Fieedling. — This is, perhaps, the most beautiful of all the very large plums.
Tree^i strong, iipright growers, with long, medium sized lirauches, which become pendant
aftei' the trees come into beai'ing. With re«]iect to size, (juality, etc., it ought to rank
with Duane's Purple.

St. Catherine. — A medium sized, handsome yellow jilum ; does not come early into
bearing, nor does it often set an over crop of fruit. It is, however, leather too small
to take well in the market. The set of fi'uit is generally not near as great as on
some of the large yellow varieties. This year, foi- the first time, the trees and fruit
were a good deal injured by the blighting of the leaves.

Magnum. Bon inn. or Wliite Egg. — Trees rather tender; buds not hardier than those
of the peach. Fruit very large and showy, coarse grained, of no value except for
preserving and to sell.

HuUng's Superb. — Trees not very hardy; growth upright; leaves of remarkable
size and thickness. Fruit varies greatly in size; one specimen, grown on a young tree,
measured eight inches in its largest circumference.

REPORT FROM IOWA. 101

Lombard. — Some fanciful agricultui'al writer, who was proljably a resident of a
region where ciirculios were unknown, proclaimed this variety as resisting the curculio ;
whereas, no variety is more injured or sought l>y them than this. Bears heavily the
alternate years; qualitj' only good.

Morocco. — A very excellent early plum. Frnit evenly and sparsely distributed
over the trees; but the trees ai'e so subject to leaf blight, that they but seldom mature
a crop.

C/i/c/ia-'itnr. — This fruit is much enlarged by cultivation. J^'om this, it is hoped,
excellent varieties may yet be produced, by cultivation and by crossing; but, as we now
have it, it is hardly worthy of cultivation where the liner varieties can be had. One
argument only, so far as we know, can be urged in its favor, that is the fruit, like others
of its class, in the early stages of its growth, is not very atti'active to the curculio.

The notes on the plum are by Dr. E. S. Hull.

Respectfully, W. G. Flagg.

REPORT FROM IOWA.

Coal Cbekk, Keokuk Co., Iowa, Aug. 15, 1871.
F. R. Elliott,

Secretary AmKrican Pomological Society :

As the biennial meeting of our Society is soon to convene, and as, in the wise
dispensation of Providence, it does not look likely that I can meet with you, and
partake of the enjoyments of the deliberations, on account of ill-health, I thought,
perhaps, I might write out a few notes on some varieties of fruits that I have been
cultivating — that probably it might be interesting, to some, at least.

Our soil, in this part of the State, is very fertile; is from one and, a half to three
feet deep, of a very black clay loam, underlaid with a stiif clay sul)-soil, ignite retentive
of moisture, mostly prairie, there being but little timber in this township.

I will mention some of the varieties of apples; first, as they have succeeded on
my farm, and within my neighborhood. I might also say we have a very trying
climate, frequently the extreme cold of twenty degrees below zero following a summer
of great growth, and probably followed by a warm, late fall, which keeps the growing
season prolonged till a sudden "snap" will injure the more tender varieties.

Early Harvest. —Nearly hardy; seldom injured by winter; not very productive
while young, but doing better as it gets older. Red Astrachan. — Very hardy and
healthy; not very productive, while young. Red June, or Carolina Red June. — Tree
hardy; free grower; early and abundant bearer; apt to over-bear, thereby rendering
the fruit quite small ; said to seal) in some localities, but one of our best for its season.

102 REPORT FROM IOWA.

Duchess of Oldenburgh. — Tree hcardy; good grower, after first year; does not appear to
work very freely on the common seedling; i-oot often sprouts; very early bearer; often
bearing in the nursery row; fruit not as good as some; rather sour for hand eating;
extra for cooking. Sweet June, or Hightop Sweet. — An excellent, early sweet apple;
tree hardy; early and abundant bearer. Summer Queen. — Seems hardy. Early
Pennock. — Haidy; good bearer, coming into bearing very early; flesh a little coarse,
but a very pi'ofitable variety; sells well. American Summer Pearmain. — Tree mostly
hardy, except that sometimes the bark bursts at the ground; i)ity it is such a poor,
dwarfish tree, for the fruit is so good. Eai'ly Bough. — Hardy; stands winter well.
Cooper's Early White. — This is an a]i])le of great excellence; good, and very eai-ly
bearer; often bears in the nuisery row; tree hardy; makes a most beautiful tree. I
do not know where it originated, but think it is a western a})ple; ripe now, August
ir)th. Keswick C'odlin. — Tree hardy; early antl prodigous beai'er; fruit of good size;
very sour; tree very subject to fire-blight. Autumn Strawberry. — Very harily; early
l)earing; beautiful tree; fruit medium; first-rate; one of the best for this climate. Fall
Wine. — Not a very good tree; moderately hai'dy. Maiden's Blush. — Not very hardy,
in the nursery, but the fruit is so fine; have to cultivate some trees; more liardy after
being established in orrliard. Benoni. — Best of its season; not so early coming into
bearing; tree very hardy ; bliglits some. Snow, or Fameuse. — Hardy tree; good apple;
one of the best for this countiy. Kamsdel's Sweet. — Tree very hardy; vigorous; early
bearei'; good, sweet apple; fall. Ivambo. — Half hardy; in nursery rather inclined to
late growth; when estal)lished in orchard, it requires being worked with low heads.
Baily Sweet. — Hardy, or nearly so. Mothei'. — Seems to do well; not bearing much
yet, in this neighborhood; tree not one of the best, but fruit of such fine (]uality it will
be planted when it becomes known. Col vert. — Tree hardy, vigorous; one of the finest
trees; fruit large and fine. Jett'eris. — Seems hai'dy; not bearing yet. Jonathan. — This
I will place at the head of the winter list; "it is the apple" almost; tree hardy; early
bearer; fruit very fine, showy, excellent: keeps well, if gathered early; good to cook,
when half grown, and has been kept here perfectly till autumn. Eawles' Janet. — Hardy;
great bearer; keeps well; one of the leading varieties; escapes spring frosts by its late
starting. Ben Davis. — Tree one of the very best; always hardy; great and early
bearer; fruit large and showy; not of the l)est quality, but profitable. Willow
Twig. — Hardy tree; early and great bearer; fruit large and fair; keeps well; very
profitable. Dominie. — Great grower; very early bearer, and most profuse; fruit of good
quality; sometimes bark bursts at the ground. Roman Stem. — Fruit excellent; tree
generally hardy; sometimes injures like the foregoing. Westfield Seek-uo-farther.
Hardy, good tree; don't bear so early as some. Wine Sap. — Tree very hardy; strong
grower; bears well. White Winter Pearmain. — Tree hardy, strong; stocky grower;
bears well; quality of fruit best for a good keeper. Yellow Bellefleur. — Tree hardy;
seems variable; some trees bear well, while others are shy. Tolman's Sweet. — Hardy,
great grower; very early bearer; good fruit. English Golden Russet. — Tree never

REPOK'l' FROM IKWA. 103

winter kills; one of the best in form, but its tendency to fire-blight is a great objection;
the worst of all for blight. Sweet Vandevere. — Hardy, straggling grower; bears
young. Milam. — Not fruited hei'e yet; hardy. Northern Spy. — Hardy tree, though
tardy; don't seem to suit prairie planters. They want apples. Seems to bear well,
when "old enough." Perry Russet. — Hardy, superb tree; one of our "iron clads;" not
so early coming into bearing as some. Red Romanite. — Hardy; early and abundant
bearer; small, but profitable. Wagner — Hardy; earliest coming into bearing; blights
sometimes; should be grown with low heads; if root grafted, think it would be better
worked on some hardy stock; standard high. Swaar. — Tree hardy, early bearer; good
crops of fair apples, every year, as good as (Crimes' (lolden, to my taste, if properly
kept; tree rather objectionable shape; in nursery, makes a fair orchard tree. Fulton. —
Not yet fruited; does not bear as early as some; tree not very hardy, but so good that
we will cultivate it. Northern Spitzenburg. — Tree hardy; not a very good bearer
here, viz.: not very early. Esopus Spitzenburg. — Tree seems to be hardy; rather
tardy; not in bearing yet. Hubardston Nonesuch. — Tree seems to be moderately
hardy; not fruited yet. Belmont, or Gate. — Tree tender; does better top-grafted on
some hardy stock. Bailey Sweet. — Seems hardy, not yet fruiting. Stark. — Great
grower; seems hardy; not yet fruited here.

Grimes' Golden. — Not fruited with me; though seems hardy, and bears well in
this State considerably north and south of here. Rome Beauty. — Not entirely hardy ;
an early bearer; fine, showy apple; second quality. Smith's Cider. — Half hardy; not
bearing yet. Sweet Romanite. — Ti'ee moderately hardy, great grower, early and pro-
digous bearer; keeps well; good for baking in spring; excellent for cider. White
Bellefleur or Ortley. — Tree not very hardy; early bearer; fruit sometimes scabs. Rhode
Island Greening. — Tree moderately hardy ; not bearing yet. Pennock or Big Romanite. —
Tree hardy; does tolerably well. Pennsylvania Red Streak or Winter Wine. — A fine
looking apple; seems like doing well; tree not most hardy. Leicester Sweet. — Seems
very hardy ; not fruited yet. White Rambo. — Moderately hardy ; profuse bearer ;
excellent quality. Newtown Pippin — Not bearing yet to satisfaction ; trees stand the
winter well, so far. Minkler. — Great grower; much like its parent. Little Red Romanite,
in growth ; not fruited yet. Pomme Grise. — Good hardy tree, fruiting at six years from
the root graft; seems like doing well. Dutch Mignonne. — Good grower; seems like
being hardy ; not bearing yet. Fort Miami. — Good grower; hardy tree; not fruiting
yet. Black Gilliflower. — Hardy and fine; spreading, straggling tree.

I have tried a great many othei's of more or less note, but, for fear of tiring, I will
omit to report on them at this time. I will give a list of the hardiest and best l)earers.

Summer.— 'Red Astrachan, Red June, Duchess of Oldenburgh, Sweet June, Early
Pennock, Early Harvest, Cooper's Early White.

Autumn. — Benoni, Keswick Codlin, Late Stiawberry, Lowell, Snow or Fameuse,
Ramsdell's Sweet, Colvert, and Jefteris, so far as tried.

III4 i;ki'(>i;i' i'ijom iowa.

W/idt^r. — Jonathan, Eawles' Janet, Ben Davis, Willow Twig, Dominie, Roman
Stem, Westfield, Seek-no-farther, Wine Sap, White Winter Pearmain, Yellow Bellefleur,
Tolman's Sweet, Sweet Vandevere, Perry Russet, Red Ronianite, Sw^aar. Some others
are good, Init these are the most hardy and reliable, so far as tried.

The Siberian apples are doing well; Golden Beauty, Montreal Beauty, Hyslop and
Transcendent mostly planted now.

Of pears, the following are doing well, but few of them bearing yet:

Summer. — Bartlett, not quite hardy; Kirtland, hardy and good tree; Doyenne
d'Ete.

Autiiiiiit. — Flemish Beauty, very hardy and tiiu-; HuH'um, White Doyenne, Beurre
d'Anjou, Belle Lucrative, Tyson, Howell, Louis Bonne de Jersey, Seckel, Sheldon.

Winter. — Duchesse d'Angouleme, Vicar of Winkfield, Beurre Easter, Lawrence,
Winter Nellis, Glout Morceau.

CHERRIES.

Early Richmond does well, and has lioeii extensively planted ; l)ut English Morello
seems equally well adapted to the climate and soil, and is a much better cherry. Late
Richmond or Kentish, seems to do well. The sweet cherries ai"e too tender for this soil
and climate; the soil forcing too strong and jmious a gi'owth for our cold winters.

I'LUJIS.

As yet the cultivation of llic jilum is in its infancy here; our natives having
furnished the early settlers with an abundance, and some of them of really fine cpiality,
some of wdiicli are jjropagated to some extent. Among the cultivated vaiietie.s, I might
mention the Lombard and Reiue Claude de Bavay, as doing well. Washington, Jefter.
son and Coe's Golden Di'op, stand oui' winters.

GRAPES.

Concord is first of all; does first rate. Clinton, haidiest, and always bears. Golden
Clinton, of but little account. Delaware, doing moderately; Diana, also.

CURRANTS AND RASPBERRIES.

Red Dutch, best. White (n^ape, bears well. Chejry, sometimes full. Doolittle
Raspberry, good, hardy, pi'oductive. Philadelphia and Clarke stand out unprotected,
but fruit wdiat is called "flat," insipid; great bearers; hang full, like apple trees. Am
trying some of the newer varieties; cannot report yet.

BLACKBERRIES.

Kittatinuy, hardy ; best tried.

REPORT FROM MARYLAND. 105

STRAWBERRIES.

Strawberries ai-e perfectly at home in our rich prairie soil. Russell and Triomphe

de Gand, or a variety I obtained for Triomphe ; am not sure but it is something else ;

if not, it is changed by climate or soil, as it is not a solid berry like Russell. These

vai'ieties are best, all things considered, of any tried. Have tried latterly Philadelphia,

Chas. Downing, Stinger, Durand, Jucunda, Austin, etc.

John Edgerton.

REPORT FROM MARYLAND.

To tlie President and Members of the American JPomological Society :

Gentlemen: The progress made in fruit culture in the State of Maryland, since the
termination of the late war, has l^een quite extensive; when we say extensive, we refer
to the thousands of acres of land l)ordering the eastern and westei'n shores of the
Chesapeake, dedicated lately to the cultivation of the peach and stra^vberry ; a ready
market foi' which is to be had at our fruit preserving hous(,'S in Baltimoi'e, as well as in
the Northern and Eastern cities; the transmission thither, by railroads and bay steamels,
l»eing quick, anil the l)usiness, to the orchardist, remunei'ative.

Maryland, as an apple growing State, does not compare favorably with its
adjoiuiug sister States, Pennsylvania and Viiginia, yet we have, in our upper counties,
many extensive, thrifty orchards of this fruit, the product of more than two-thirds of
which is made into cider. In the vicinity of Baltimore, the apple orchards i)lanted
within the last half ceutuiy, are rapidly passing into decay, partly from old age, and
partly from the destructive workings of the Ijorer, which has l)een permitted to
multiply, as to set the pei'severance and industry of man almost at deflance ; and his
helpmates in this work of subduing — we mean the insect-eating birds — are almost
extei-minated by the ruthless hand of the fowler; and we feel positive in stating, that in
Baltimore County, for eveiy three apple trees that have died, not more than one has been
planted to take theii' place; so that we find large farmei'S, who formerly had from twenty
to thirty acres of an orchard, have now only a few trees, affording scarcely apples enough
to sup])ly their own families.

But just as the growing of apples is on the decline, the demand and taste for pear
culture as rapidly advances. We cannot boast of having very large peai' oichartls in
Maryland ; that of Ross Winaus, Esq., of Baltimoi'e, being the largest, as fiir as we know
and embraces a selection of over t'ti)o thousand standard trees, in a very thiift}- bearing
condition; Init there are numerous minor orchards all over the State, lately {planted, the
fruit of which is now reaching our markets, and we think that the time is not far
distant when we shall be able to compare favorably, in the ]>roduction of this delicious
fruit, with any State in the Union. To etfect this, much has still to be achieved, in the
selection ot proper sites for orchards, preparation of the soil, care in the tiaining of the

13

KIH REPORT FROM NKBKASKA.

trees after planting, as well as a proper knowledge of the most desirable kinds, and
the best time for the gathering of the vai-ioiis sorts ; and this kind of knowledge we find
increasing daily, and extending itself to the mechanic- and laborer; so that we find
individuals owning small house lots, who are not contented, or do not consider their
establishment complete, unless they possess their half dozen of Bartletts and Seckels.

Plums, in the lower and middle counties, do not succeed well, owing to the ravages
of the curculio, to stop which no satisfactoiy remedy has yet l)een found. The plum
wart prevails in some districts, to such an alarming extent, that scarcely a Pui-ple
Damson tree is left, where scores of bushels of that useful fruit used to be collected and
forwarded to market; on the other hand, those counties bordering on Pennsylvania,
produce plums of an excellent quality, and in great abundance.

Tn the cultivation of small fruits, no one, that I am a\vare of, makes a specialty in
the growing of any jtaiticidar kind on a large scale; tliat is, if we except the large fields
of strawberries on lands boi'dering our bay, the care iind culture of which foi'ms j)art of
farm work ; but large quantities of small fruits ai-e grown in a j)romiscuous way, both
))y amateurs and mercantile gardeners.

Vineyards of Catawba and Isabelhi grajies, that exi.sted in fonmr times, having
failed from the effects of mildew and otiier climatic causes, their place has been taken
by even a larger number of Concord, Hartford Prolific, Delaware and Ives' Seedling
vines; and, in many localities, the Clinton is grown, to a consideraitle extent, as a wine
grape; yet few people have gone largely into grape growing, with a view to wine
making, as a business. Almost all of the different kinds of grapes, that have been
raised in the North and West, have been tried in Maryland, and many of these give
great promise of success, and among such would we especially notice four or five of
Rogers' seedlings; biit, on the other hand, a goodly number has reached us, that have
proved unworthy of cultivation, which wei'e heralded by their growers as the ne plus
ultras of the grape kind.

In conclusion, we would say that here, as elsewhere, the cultivation of small fruits
pays well, if convenient to a market, and the land light, rich and easily kept clean, with
the necessary help to assist in gathering the crops, at a reasonable rate.*

Very respectfully submitted, W. D. Brackenridge.

REPORT FROM NEBRASKA.

The fall of 1870 was most auspicious, in all respects, for a coming fruit ci'op in
Nebraska for 1871. The season was late, and the wood and buds matured well. The
winter, too, of 1870 and 1871 was favorable. The early s])ring of 1871 opened up with
continued flattering prospects, and the friends of fruit growing were rejoicing in hopes

* With the above report, Mr. B. gave a list of fruits, but, as he was present at the Eichmond meeting, and
there noted varieties. Uie Secretary has omitted the list report.

REPORT FROM XEBRASKA. 107

of being able to contribute, in a becoming manner, to the American Pomological
gathering at Richmond, the coming autumn. But, alas ! like other human hopes, we
were doomed to disappointment. The late frost and April winds, for which our region
has become characterized, destroyed all hopes of a general fruit crop. In many sheltered
and protected localities, our peach crop, especially in Southern Nebraska, has been best;
apples and pears good ; plums and cherries not even passable. Small fruits have done
better. The grape croj), notwithstanding the early bloom was cut off, was never better.
Blackberries, raspberries and strawberries have been fine. Currants and gooseberries
not quite as good as usual.

The persistent fruit growers, or experimenters, as they may moi-e properly be
termed, have demonstrated the ftxct that Nebraska can be claimed as a fruit-producing
State. In substantiation of this assertion, our young State presents " living evidences,"
in its collection of fruits, to speak for themselves.

Our State Horticultural Society is Init in its infancy, yet a permanent and growing
organization, destined, we hope, to accomplish much good in the end. We have held
two annual and two semi-annual meetings. But one of our meetings has partaken of an
exclusive Pomological character. We have recommended no list of fruits. The discus-
sions and conversations have been taken down and published, as uttered by the various
persons and friends in attendance, and go before the world in that shape, for what
they may be worth.

The following are lists of various fruits cultivated, fruited and found worthy, in
our State :

APPLES.

Rawles' Janet, known by a host of synonyms, has been found to be the stand-by—
the " old reliaT)le." It is pai'ticularly valuable with us, because of its tenacious
adherence to "winter quarteis." The summer days of Febi'uary and Maich, foi' which
Nebraska is characterized, cannot seduce the " Jannetting" from its slumbers. It holds
back until the spring is really on hand. On this particular account, this variety is
indispensable in our collections. Without attempting to classify, the other varieties
found reliable, are about in the order named : Ben Davis, Wine Sap, Rambo, Fameuse,
Willow Twig, Periy Russet, English Golden Russet, Duchess of Oldenburgh, Red
Astrachan, Early Harvest, Early Joe, Early Red, Buffington's Early, Coopei-'s Early
While, Red June, Autumn Strawbeny, Fall Orange, Mother Gabiiel, Drap d'Or, Red
Detroit, Fulton, Red Canada, Roman Stem, Tetofsky, Tolman's Sweet, Jonathan, Stark,
Hass, Summer Queen, Spark's Late, Nickajack, Vandervere, Pippin and Swaar. Very
many other varieties are being grown, not yet fruited, but which show vigor and
hardiness of tree, encouraging to the friends of Pomology.

PEARS.

«

Nebraska can safely be set down as reliable for peai' culture. Nearly all tlie
varieties with reasonable pretensions to hardiness, will reward the laboi' with us. The

K'8 RKPORT FROM NEBRASKA.

following named varieties have been fruited, and are reliable: Howell, Benrre Gilford,
Bloodgood, Bartlett, Brandywine, Dearl>orn, Osband's Summer, Kostiezer, Tyson, Belle
Lucrative, D'Aujou, Beurre Diel, Butfum, Dix, Doyenne Boussock, Doyenne White or
Virgalieu, Duchesse d'Angouleme, Flemish Beauty, Louis Bonne de Jersey, Seckel,
Urbaniste, Beurre Easter, Glout Morceau, Lawrence, Vicar of Winkfield, Winter Nelis.

PEACHES.

Our people have relied principally on seedlings, of which we have produced many
valuable varieties and specimens. The past year, however, quite a number of the old
and well known varieties, known as biidded varieties, have been fruited to satisfaction
in Nebraska. Hale's Early, Crawford's Early, Early York and Ti-oth's Earl)' have been
greatly admired, and will be more extensively cultivated hereafter. Some of the late
varieties are in full fruit, showing fine specimens and an abundant crop. Crawford's
Late, Heath Cling, President and Red Cheek Melocotou, are doing finely undei- the
writer's observation. Southern Nebraska will henceforth make no small jiretensions in
the cultivation of the peach. Some samples of our seedlings are sent to IJichmond, for
inspection and name.

ORAPES.

We think the Creator formed the bluff lands, especially in Nebraska, on which to
grow grapes; and we know no reason why the rough lands bordering the Missouri
river, may not be made to equal the Longworth gi'ape lands, near Cincinnati, or even
those of the Rhine. I am aware this is an extravagant idea, somewhat ; and yet I make
it, fully conscious of what I say. Our grape crop has never failed; in fact, has always
been at least good, generally magnificent. Thus fai-, but few ills have befallen the vine
in Nebraska, save and except depradations by birds. W^here vines have been permitted
to run wild, without ])ruuing or care, mildew has been the i-esult, to some extent. On
our high lands, grapes, in Nebraska, have an admirable aroma, and possess all the
essential characteristics. The birds make sad havoc with our sweet grapes. With
many, patience has ceased to be a virtue, and powder and shot ai'e resorted to.

We regard the Concord the "grape for the million." Next it, we range gra])es in
Nebraska about in the order named: Delaware, Rogei-'s Hybrids, Waltei-, Isabella,
Iowa, Diana, Catawl)a, Martha, Norton's Virginia, Arnold's Hyl)rids, Union Village,
Cassady, Creveling, Maxatawny, Ives, C'linton, and Hartford Prolific. The old
Catawba and Isabella have shown more evidences of tenderness than almost any
other varieties, especially young vines. After the vines attain age, and become some-
what permanently established, they do much better. The Oporto, to which but little
attention has been given generally, and which has received many "kicks and cuffs" from
friend Ilussman and others, the writei' regards as -a valuable wine variety. It comes
into bearing early; is prolific, and perfectly hardy and reliable. My vines have never
failed to give a fine cro]). Last year I picked eleven hundred good bunches from one

UKl'OKT FKOM XKIiKASKA. Id'.l

vine, five years old. It is an exceedingly rampant grower, and, as a rule, the liuncb not
compact, hearing the fruit on until after first frosts in fall. 1 have found the Opoi-to to
give a first-class yield of very good wines, gi'eatly improved by age.

Plums, apricots and nectarines have only been cultivated and fi'uited to a limited
extent. Wild plums gi'ow in great profusion, and of very fine quality. The Bradshaw,
Peach, Jefterson and Washington have been fruited with success. The Minoi- and Wild
Goose ai'e favorites.

The Breda and Moorpark varieties of apricots have been fruited, and aie good
with us.

Of nectarines, we have fruited the Boston and Eai'ly Violet.

CHERRIES.

The Heart cherries have not been found to do much o;<>od in the West. Both trees
and fruit tender. The Morello varieties have been found most I'elialile. The Early
Richmond leads oft". The Belle Magnifique, English Morello and Late Kentish have
fruited quite satisfactory, and are being cultivated to considei'able extent in our State,
and the West generally.

QUINCES

Have done no good with us, and are now experimented with but little. It has been
my misfortune to see but one quince tree l)ear, and but one year, in the past fifteen, in
Nebraska.

CURRANTS.

The standai'd varieties are the old Bed and White Dutch. They flourish in deep,
rich soil most admii-a])ly; produce luxuriant crops of fine, large, delicious fruit. The
cherry Victoria and Versailles are cultivated to some extent, and with success.

GOOSEBERRIES.'

The Houghton's Seedling and Downing's Seedling are the leading and most reliable
varieties. Some of the English varieties are cultivated with success, viz.: Gi'own Bob
Whitesmith, Cottage Girl and Warrington.

RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES.

Of the raspberry we have experimented with an endless variety, but found but
few, if any, superior to our native berry, which, under cultivation, is vei-y fine. Our
soil and climate is well adapted to the growth of raspberries. The finest sorts grow
rampant, and the fops winter kill. Our native is a Black Cap.

What we say of raspberries may also be said of blackberi-ies. The Kittatinny and
Wilson's Early have done fine.

STRAWBERRIES

Flourish fine with us. We have some excellent, wild varieties, much improved by
culture. Wilson's Albany seems to be the berry. The Agriculturist, Triomphe de

110 RE PORT FROM VIROIXIA.

Gand, Ilusseirs. Prolific aud Hovey's Seedling have Ijeen cultivated to considerable
extent, and with success.

This season oui' apples aud pears have ])een infected to some extent, for the lirst
time, with the worm; pears, very slightly, with blight; peach, with borer, to quite an
extent. As a rule, our trees and fruits are healthy, and free from ills. F'ruits obtain a
good character for size, form, texture, aroma and color.

Respectfully, Robert W. Furnas,

Secretary of Stale Hiirticiiltural Society.

REPORT FROM VIRGINIA.

Woodford Orcu.^rb and Vineyard, )

Near Vienn.\, Fairfax Co., Va., Sept. isth, ls7l. )

F. R. Elliott,

Secretary Amiricaii Poinological Soricti/:

Sir: The credit of introducing into the United States, the peach extensively knovs^n
as the Heath or Heath Cling, is given l)y Coxe, in his work on fruit trees, to Mr. Daniel
Heath, who, it is stated, brought the seeds of it from the Mediterranean. It is not my
purpose to impeach the correctness of this statement; but I hope it will be regarded as
the history of its origin in the Northei'n States. At the South, there are traditions,
which likely never reached Mr. Coxe, and if they had, might onl)' have caused him to
divide the honor with a person who was somewhat conspicuous in the Revolutionary
war. With a variety of any fruit, so true to reproduce itself frofn the seed, as the Heath
peach, it cannot be otherwise expected than that there will be numerous claimants for
the honor of its introduction. Mr. Coxe has presented the claims of Mr. Heath ; I will now
bring forward another candidate; and in doing so, I shall have to make allusions to my
family, that being the source of my information, which I would most willingly omit.

Prior to the Revolutionaiy wai', there was a strong settlement of Scotch emigrants,
in Caswell County, N. C. By subsequent division of the county, that settlement fell
into Person County. A Mr. Hamilton had a store thei'e, the place being known as the
"Red House." In the course of his mercantile career, he made several trips to Scotland,
and on his retui'n from one of these, brought kernels of this peach with him, which he
distributed among his friends. My grandfather, (who was of Welsh descent, had
mari'ied a Miss Cochran, a sister of James Cocliiaii, who was a member of Congress in
1809-K5, and grandfather of James C. Dobbin, Secretary of the Navy luulei' Piesident
Pierce,) came into 2)ossession of some of the oi-iginal kei-nels V)i-ought from Scotland, and
raised trees from them as long as he remained in that State.

I may here remark, that when the Revolutionary war broke out, the settlement was
divided, my ancestors becoming rel)els, showing that they were better judges ^vhen to
rebel than some of theii' posterity, while Mr. Plamilton em])raced the royal cause, aud
became a lieutenant-colonel in a |)i'<>vincial regiment. In the course of the wai', he had

UKPORT FROM VIinilNIA.

a conflict with Marion's partizan corps. His military career was so difterent from that
of Rawdou and Tarleton, that, on his I'eturu to his old home after peace, his former
customers gave him a public dinner and paid their debts, notwithstanding they were
canceled by the acts of confiscation. He was, I have heard, afterwards British consul
at Norfolk.

My tather, Paul Williams, emigi-atiug to what is now Clarke County, Ga., in the
year 1789, carried kernels of this peach with him, and it was soon extensively cultivated
and called the English peach. From Georgia, he caii-ied it to Tennessee, and estab'
lishing orchards in the counties of Franklin and Haixleman, it had a still further diffusion
south and southwest, and may be now found in the orchards of my relatives in Arkansas
and Texas, where the trees ai'e seedlings, in a direct line, from the original Scotch
kernels, having passed through many generations.

Accepting an oifice in the Treasury Department, in 1«29, 1 was not a little surprised
to find my old friend, the English peach, on the market stalls in Washington City, in
all his glory, called by the name of the Heath. It was, in all respects, the same that I
had known it from boyhood.

I think there is no inconsistency in the two statements, this one being of the oi'igin
of this peach in this country. Both Mi'. Heath and Col. Hamilton may have oljtained
the kernels while in other countries, and have introduced them at different points, where
they became popular. After a long lapse of time, by my taking budded trees of the
variety, from Washington to Aikansas, in 1841, the two branches of the same family
came together, and the most critical Pomologist cannot tell one from the other.

The Potomac Heath, now in some catalogues, is a seedling, the oiiginal tree
belonging to Mr. William Dulin, in this neighborhood.

The Heath was not the only old acquaintance, under a new name, which I found in
Washington, in 1829. What is called the Columbia, was known many years since, in
Georgia, as the Indian peach, and is so called still in parts of Tennessee, Alabama and
Arkansas. It obtained this name from the fact that the whites found it cultivated by
the Cherokee Indians, in the early settlement of Georgia. When I went to Washington,
it was called the Geoi-gia peach. Mi-. Fi'ederick Keller, a clerk in the General Land
Office, obtained kernels of it, while on a visit in Philadelphia, and grew trees from them
in Washington. They were, doubtless, from the late Joshua Pierce, a Vice-President of
the Pomological Society, who disseminated it from his nursery under the names of Black
George and Golden Purple. Carrying trees of it to Arkansas, which fruiting by the
side of seedling ti'ees belonging to my brother, he informed me that it was a "full
blooded Indian." When my orchard at this place began to bear, I then, for the first
time, learned its true name. My trees were from a New Jersey nursery, and were
labeled correctly.

I hope these notes may be of some interest to Pomologists.

Your most obedient servant,

H. C. Williams.

112 KKPOUT FROM XKW l!UK(i II. N. Y.

REPORT FROM NEWBURGH. N. Y.
F. R. Ellioti',

Secretari/ American Poniological Soi-ieti/ :

NEW SEEDLING (iRAPES.

My experience in the hybridizing of gi'apes, I admit, has T>een of but a few years'
duration, l>ut in that time, I claim, that I have a collection of promise beyond all
precedent.

• Some of my seedlings have been named, and their I'ecord of values reported upon;
others, in my grounds, have character and promise gratifying to nie, because of the
favorable words I have from men of judgment, knowledge and thought, who have
visited me, and made notes of the vines and fruits, as shown and grown in my gTounds,
with the same exposure and position, side by side, with Delawai-e, Concord, Clinton,
lona, &c. I will first speak of those that have names, viz.:

My Raritan has been tested in its wine values, and with a must of one hundred and
five degrees saccharometer; has an acid of nine and a half degrees; of coiu'se too much acid.
It is a small gra])e, of delicious, sweet tiesh to the taste.

My Secretary has also been tested, and gives ninety-three degrees of must, with
seven and one-fourth degrees of acid. It is a large bunch, moderately compact,
and with a black, roundish, oval beiry. Its peduncle red at base, when drawn from
the berry; juicy, sweet.

One, to which I have given the name of Adelaide, is a"bei'ry of oval shape; black,
with a light blue bloom; a rich, juicy, sweet, i)urplish red tiesh; a short peduncle, and
a grape, my friends say, of high pi'omise.

Another, to which the name of Putnam has been attixed, and which was gi'own
from seed crossed Delaware and Concoixl, has stood eighty degrees in must, with seven
and a half degrees of acid.

Ere going farthei-, I would like to say tliat these tests, compared with Catawba
and lona, in my own gi-ound growths, ai'e favoralile, and, as I think, may make me
record worthy when they come to be grown in moi-e favorable localities.

My lona rated ninety-eight degrees of must, nine degrees of acid; my Catawl)a
rated seventy-seven and eighty-one degrees of must, and from nine and thiee-fourths
to ten and five-eighths degrees of acid. Of my remaining seedlings, I shall only name
a few, viz. :

Concord No. 1. — Bunch large; V)erry large, I'oundish, oval, black. A young but
vigorous vine, tree from disease. It was grown fiom seed of Concord, fertilized with
Black Muscat, of Alexandria.

No. 6 A, is from Delaware and Foster's White. It is a c()mi)act bunch, with l)erry
much the size and color of lona. The leaf of the vine is large, lobed, serrated and
very thick; wood short jointed.

REPORT FROM CHESTER, S. C. 11,^

My No. 10 A, is from Hartford Prolific and Purple Damascus. It is an extra large
berry, and bunch shouldered; of a Sherry wine color; meaty, juicy, and, observers say,
of great promise for market use.

My No. 12 B, is from Hartford Prolific and Muscat Hamburgh. It is a large,
double-shouldered bunch ; berry black, with a thick, blue bloom ; a strong, vigorous
vine.

My No. 12 A, from same parentage as above, is unlike any other of my list. Its
flesh is deep purple, with a peculiar cinnamon-like flavor.

My No. 22 is from Clinton and Muscat, of Alexandria, and is, by some of my
friends, counted as of great promise. It is a large, compact shouldered bunch ; a large,
round berry, of a greenish, amber yellow; very solid; a thick skin; flesh juicy, half
tender, and vinous sweet; leaf large, thick and healthy; wood moderately short-jointed,
like Concord.

Yours, &c., James H. Ricketts.

REPORT FROM CHESTER. S. C.
F. R. Elliott,

Secretary Ammcfin PomologirnI Socieli/ :

GRAPES.

Dear Sir: I promised, at the close of the meeting of the American Pomological
Society, at Richmond, to prepare and send to you a report of the progress of my experi.
ments, in hybridizing the grape, since my report sent to you in 1869, which would
include a descriptive list of some of the best of the hyl)rid grapes exhibited. I regret
that, owing to a mistake, the committee to whom was assigned the duty of examining
the specimens, had not my descriptive list, which would have enabled them to undei'-
stand my numbers and formulas; and consec[uent]y they could only make a general
report as to their merits.

In my formulas, or names used to identify and describe my different varieties of
hybrids, I always make the female parent's name precede that of the male, viz: Clinton
and Foreign, No. 1, means that Clinton is the female parent, and Foreign is the male
parent.

Clinton and Foreign, No. 1, (alias Janie Wylie.) — This variety has not failed to bear
with me since 1864. All praise it highly. The only danger is that it is too Foreign in
constitution, to admit of general cultivation. One of the earliest.

Clinton and Foreign, No. 6. — The male parent of this was Black Hamburgh.
Wood and foliage clearly native; not the remotest resemblance to its male parent. A
vigorous grower; no mildew.

13

114 EEPOIIT FROJr CHESTER, 8. C.

Clinton and Foreign^ No. 8. — The male parent Black Prince. Wood and leaves
large and coarse. A vigorous growler. Bore in 1870, for the first time, when three
years of age.

Clinton and Foreign, No. 9, {Muscat Hamhurgli.) — A beautiful and first-rate white
grape; but foliage too Foreign.

Clinton and Foreign., No. 14, {Blach Frmce.)^A healthy, strong growing vine.
Berry oblong, medium to large, transparent, few seeds.

CIinto7i and Foreign, No. 15, {Muscat Hamburgh.)— Closelj resembles Clinton in
wood and foliage. Started from seed in 1868. From all I can see, this is a promising
variety. No vestige of rot or mildew.

Clinton and Foreign, No. 16, {Botvood Muscat.') — A large, dark red fruit; fine
Muscat flavor.

Clinton and Syrian, No. 1. — A strong grower, void of mildew. A medium or
small black fruit. Very early.

Clinton and Syrian, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. — I have about sixty vines of this cross,
growing in a nursery, about two feet apart.

Clinton and Black Damascus, No. 1. — Only one out of nine hybrids of this
parentage, has borne.

Clinton and Pei • Wylie, No. 1, Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. — No. 1 is a vigoi'ous vine;
wood and foliage resembling Clinton. No. 2, a white grape, of about same size, and a
very delicate and peculiar flavor; wood and foliage also like Clinton.

Red Frontignan ami Clinton, No. 3. — This is the only variety, out of several
specimens of the same cross, which I have deemed worthy of preserving. I have never
seen any red grape compare with it in beauty.

Delaware and Clinton, No. 1. — The seed which produced this variety was planted
in 1868; bore for the flrst time in 1870.

Delaware and Clinton and Foreign, No. 1. — The wood and foliage of this hybrid
are rpiite different from either parent, apparently.

Delaivare and Clinton and Foreign, No. 2. — A remarkably vigorous grower.
Foliage unusually large, tri-lobed, serrated, very thick, and rough on both sides. No
rot or mildew. One of the earliest.

Lahruftca. and Foreign.' — In 1868, I planted, in a row about thi'ee hundred feet
long, about one hundred seedlings of Concord fertilized with Foreign, viz. : Bowood
Muscat, Chavouk, Lady Downes' Seedling and West's St. Peter, and about fifty of
Diana fertilized with West's St. Peter, \\'hite Chasselas and Lady Downes' Seedling.
Of the three hundred, many mildewed badly, some died, others I gave away.

Li ISr).'?, I had over one hundred seedlings; gave Mr. Pobei't Guthrie, of York
County, S. C, about seventy. His land was a stift' red clay. His flourished, and never

KKI'OIM l-i;<)\l ClIKSTEi;, s. c. 115

missed a full crop until this summer, when he has been absent, and neglected to prune
and cultivate them.

Halifax and Hambu I glt^ No. 11. — I had, in 1863, over a hundred seedlings of this
cross. It is much sweeter than Concord.

Delaxoare and Foreign. — I'have had many seedlings of this cross, some as far back
as 1859; all have proved failures. I have abandoned them.

Catawba, Blond, Isabella, Halifax, Anna, Union Village, Lenoir, Herbemont and
Pauline hybrids, produced by crossing any of those with Foreign, have nearly all failed,
most of them from mildew and rot; but many, particularly between Herbemont and
Foreign, would produce vines of healthy appeai'ance and fruit rivaling the best Foreign,
but they would fail to set their fruit. This is a great drawback in crossing native and
foreign grapes. In my report of 1869, I stated that the Cordifolia appeared to be
exempt from this defect, but I tind, since then, some males among Clinton and Foreign
hybrids; not perfect males, but very defective in the reproductive organs, and only
setting a few strange lookina; berries to the bunch.

Peter Wyl/'e, No. 1. — Parentage: female, Halifax and Foreign; male, Delaware and
Foreign. A very vigorous, short-jointed, rapid growing vine, with thick native leaves.
Holds its leaves and ripens its wood thoroughly. Bunches and l)erries between
Delaware and Concord; round, white, transparent, becoming golden yellow when
perfectly ripe.

Halifax and Foreign, No. 1. — A rapid grower, with a thick native leaf; bunches
long and shouldered; berries oblong, very juicy, sweet; ripens 15th August.

Delaware and Concord. — Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of this cross have borne fi'uit this summer,
for the first time.

Black September and Red Frontignan, No. 1. — This has been called a Cordifolia.
The leaves are heai't shaped and thin. Fruit ripens in September; very sour, and the
same peculiar flavor as Chick or Frost grape. I have thirty-four vines of this cross, of
bearing size, mostly very vigoious; some of them set their fi'uit badly. The fi-uit of
many of them not much improved, Ijeiug still acid, and retaining that disagreeable
Chick or Frost flavor; but a few of them are much improved.

Red Frontignan and Frost or Winter Crrape, bore a few berries this summer. Vine
peculiar in appearance; a feeble grower.

Black Hamburgh and Union Village No. 1 and Frost; Delaware and Foreign No.
8 and Frost; Halifax and Foreign No. 2 and Fiost. — I have two or three dozen vines
of those three hybrids, fertilized with Frost, (cordifolia.) I did not select those to
hybridize with Frost, as a matter of choice; but they were the kinds that bloomed
sufficiently late, so as to be fertilized by Frost. Those hybrids grow rapidly, have hard,
slender wood and smooth leaves, very much like Frost. Several bloomed this summer
most of which were staminate.

ll(i UKPOHI' OX TIIK WrM» (iOdSK I'LIM.

My experience will go far to establish the following facts, viz.: that we cannot
fertilize the Sciipjjeruong with the pollen from any other species, or their hybrid
varieties, or with male (staminate) hyl)rid Scnppernongs. Second, that we can impreg-
nate the Foreign, {viti.^ viiiifera,') with pollen from the Hcuppernong, pi'oducing thereby
only male (staminate) plants, and imperfect hermaphrodite or pistillate plants, which
bear no fruit. Third, that we cannot impi'egnate Labrnsca, vEstivales, Cordifolia, or
their hybrids with Foreign, (yitls vinifera^ with pollen from Scuppernong. Fourth,
that we can feitilize both native and foreign and their hybrids, with male (staminate)
hylirid Scuppeinong pollen, producing thereby prolific hybrid Scuppernong vines.
Fifth, that w'e can fertilize those prolific hybrid Scu])pernong plants, wnth pollen from
the hybrid male (staminate) Scuppernong vines, thei'eby giving more of the Scupper-
nong constitution to the progeny. I find that the seed of the prolific hybrid Scup-
pernongs grow, and that you can impregnate other varieties with pollen from prolific
hybrid Scuppernongs.

Owing to various circumstances, which I will not attempt to detail, I have not
pushed the production of prolific hybrid Scuppernongs, as I'apidly as I expected and
desired. There is one difficulty in using the hybrid Sciippernong pollen, where we
have no hot-house; it blooms, like the Scuppernong, after nearly every other grape has
done blooming; but, besides this difficulty, T have lost many plants and seed already
hybridized, from other sources.

Res])ectfiilly, ' A. P. Wylie.

REPORT ON THE WILD GOOSE PLUM.

Kenti'ckv, September, 1871.
F. R. Elliott,

Secretarij Amencan Pomologkal Society :

As this fruit is now attracting considerable attention in various parts of the
country, and, as I first introduced it into Kentucky, and also several of the adjacent
States, it will, perhaps, not be improper, that I should state what 1 may know relative
to its origin, history, (qualities, etc.

It was first brought to my notice by the late Mr. James Harvey, of Columbia,
Tenn., about the year 1850. In a letter to me, at that time, he gave me an account,
as then understood, of the origin of this plum; praised it in very high terms for its
fine qualities, hardiness, etc., and kindly sent me buds, as, he stated, taken from the
oiiginal tree, which was standing in the vicinity of Columbia, Tenn. There were
no conflicting statements, at that time, as to the place or manner of the origin of this
fruit. All these have arisen since. The account given me by Mr. Harvey, in a letter
written about that time, was as follows, to-wit: That some years previous to that time,
(1850,) a gentleman shot a wild goose, in that neighborhood, and on the very spot it

KEl'OKI' ON IIIK WIMi (iDOSK IMJ'M. 117

was thrown down and left to decompose, the next spring oauie up the plant now
known as the Wild Goose plum; and that it was confidently believed, in that neigh,
borhood, that the seed from which this plum tree sprang, was in the craw of the goose
when killed, and this gave rise to its name.

The tree flourishes well when woi-ked on the peach ; comes early into bearing, and
yields abundant crops of fruit every year. The fruit is large and handsome, of a
pinkish red color, covered with a thin, delicate bloom. The flavoi-, though to an
educated taste, not quite equal to some of the popular varieties, is, notwithstanding,
very good. It is not, sti'ictly speaking, proof against the attacks of the curculio, but
the sting of this insect seems to have little or no effect on it, and, planted by the side
of any of the ordinary cultivated sorts, the Wild Goose plum will produce full crops,
while they will not rijien a single specimen.

This plum has a small stalk, and so soon as the fruit begins to ripen readily parts
from it, which makes it necessary to gather the fruit before fully ripe. This seeming
defect, however, is fully compensated for, by its ripening equally well when taken from
the tree at this stage, as at any other. Indeed, I regard this characteristic as increasing
its value. It enables the grower to have it in market at its best season for use. With
me it begins to ripen about the 25th of June, and continues in use some three weeks.

We have, for some years past, raised this fruit for market, at our fruit farm, near
Cave City, Ky., and find it the most profitable truit we grow. It has but once. I think,
in the past ten years, failed to produce a full crop of fruit.

This plum, so far as I know, has no tendency to reproduce itself from seed, and,
as great numbers of trees have been raised in this way, spurious and worthless varieties,
bearing the name of Wild Goose plum, may be found all over Western Tennessee,
Kentucky, and, perhaps, farther West.

J. S. Downer.

Catalogue of Fruits.

PLAN OF THE CATALOGUE.

The Committee on Eevision of Catalogue, consisting of the President, Hon. Marshall P.
Wilder; the Chairman, P. Barky, Esq., of Rochester, N. Y. ; Charles Downing, Esq., of New-
burgh, N. Y. ; Hon. W. C. Flado, of Alton, III.; Robert Manning, Esq., of Salem, Mass., and
F. E. Elliott, of Cleveland, Ohio, met, according to a published circular and agreement, in the
city of Rochester, N. Y.. on the 31st November, 1871. The Hon. P. J. Berckmans, of Augusta,
Ga., being unable to attend the meeting, forwarded voluminous and detailed views relative to the
proposed revision. These, together with numerous reports and views of gentlemen, memljers of the
Society, as well as the records of State societies, were carefully examined and discussed by the
members of tlie committee present.

The labor of preparing and perfecting a catalogue of fruits to meet the sectional wants of our
great country, was fully conceded to be one of great difficulty, and impossible to be so created as
to avoid sectional criticism. Nevertheless, the greatest good for the greatest number being the
paramount object, in connection with truth and reliability, the Committee, after examining plans
of Messrs. Barky, Flagg, Berckmans and others, adopted, measurably, the one submitted by Mr.
Flagg. In this plan Mr. Flagg, after arranging his States associate in climate and character
affecting fruit culture, re-divided or arranged it into groups. This re-arrangement, while valuable
in some points, was, on careful consideration, regarded as presenting too much of an attempt at
gcience, without being available practically to the masses, and the simplified plan of Mr. Flagg,
making three divisions and arranging States in their order of climate association in fruit growing,
was adopted, and is here presented.

As in the old editions of the Society's Catalogxie, the columns connected witli the States,
have upon lines referring to varieties the single * to designate it as recotr.mended ; while ** give
to it the character of superiority, and generally botli for table and market use. The f indicates
varieties that having been on trial not less than five years present so many good characters as to
render them worthv still fni-fher culture.

14

I -A P P L E S .

Explanation of Abbreviation?.— The Size is uiideivtood by 1. lor large; m. for mediiiiii. and s. for
sroall. The Form— r. c. for roundish conical ; ob. lor oblong; r. ob. for roundish oblate; fl. for Hat or oblate;
r. for roundish. The Color— y. r. for yellow and red; r. s. for red striped; g. y. for greenish yellow; riis for
rus.setted; y. rus. for yellow and russet. 1 he Quality— g. for good; v. g. for very good; b. for best. The
Use— F. fruit valuable for all family purposes; K. M. valuable for kitchen or market purposes; F. M. fiimily
and market. The Season— S. for summer; E. A. for early autumn; L. A. for lat(! autumn, and W. for
winter. All these cliaracters of course only designate leading positive features, and vary in their distinctness
according to soil and climate in which they are grown. The Origin is shown by Eus. for Kussian; En. for
English; Am. for American: Ger. for GernLin; F. for foreign.

VI

CATALOGUE OF FRUIT8 — APPLES.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern DiTision— between 42° and 49°

1

CO

1

1

'A
<

<

a

H

cs

o

6
a.

>

1

^

i

.1

- *

~ ■§ 3 6 «i2
i; 1 J ^ -E .SJ, o

5 C « 5 ?, Is ;

1

1.
m.
m.
ru.

1.

1.
111.

1.
1.

1.

m.

m.

1.

s.

1.

1.

1.

m.
m.
in.

1.

1.

s.

in.

I.

m.
m.

1.
m.

1.

m.
m.

1.
in.

r.c.
Ob.
r.c.
r.ob.
r.c.
r.c.
r.c.

r.c.
r.c.

r.c.

r.ob.
r.ob.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.c.

r.ob.

r.ob.

r.

r.c.

r.c.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.c.

r.ob.
r.c.
r.c.
r.c.
r.ob.
ob.c.

r.ob.
r.c.
r.ob.

!r.ob.
ob.

r. s.
y. r.

g-y-
g-y.

r. s.
r-g.
r. y.

r. s.

y-r.
y. r.

y.r.
g-y-

y.r.
r.
r.

g-y-
y- r.
y-r.
y-1-
g- y-
g- y-
y-r.

y. rus
g- r.

g- y-

r. s.
g. r.
g. r.

g- y-
y. r.
y- r.

g-y-
y-r,

y. s.

g-y-

g- r.

y-

r. s.

y-r-

g-y-
g- y-

r. s.
y-r.
y- 1-

r. .s.
y. rus

y- r-
y- r-

g-y-

g-y-
g-y-
y- r.
g-y-

r-y-
r. s.

r. s.

g- y-

r. y.
y- r-
y- !••

y.rus
y. rus

g y-
y. r-

g-y-

K- y-
g- y-

y. r.

g-y-

g-y-

r-s-

y-r-
y-r.
g-y-
g-y-

y.r.
y.r.

V. g.
V. g.
V. g.

v-g.

V. g-

t

g-
v-g.

\'-

8-

g-
g-

V. g-

g-
g-

V. g.
V. g.

v-g-
b.

g-

V. g.
V. g.
V. g.

v-g-
v-g-

g-

t

v-g.

g-
g-

v-g.

V. g-
V. g.

g-

g-

v.g.

V. ^.

\'-

g.

v. g.
V. Sf.

b.

g.
g-

g-

g-
g-

V. g.

b.

v-g-

g-
g.
g.

K.M.

F.

F.

F.
F.M.
F.M.
P.M.

K.M.
F.M.
K.M.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.

M.

M.

M.

M.

M.
P.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.M.

M.K.
F.M.
F.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.

M.

F.M.

F.M.

M.'
F.M.
F.M.

F.

M.

M.

F.
F.M.
F.M.

P.

M.

F.
F.M.

F.M.
M.
M.

M.
M.

E.A.

S.
E.A.
L.A.
L.A.

W.

w.

L.A.
W.
W.

S.

w.
w.
w.
w.

L.A.
L.A.
L.A.
L.A.
L.A.

W.

W.

W.

W.
W.
W.

s.

E.A.
E.A.

L.A.

Rus.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

En.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.

-- * * -- * —

3
4

5

Autumn Bough -

Autumnal Swaar --

- **

ti

8
9

Oihle'A aaUJloxver.
Beauty of Kent -.

...

■ *

..»*-.*--.
.-..*.-**'

Kt

Riiji Davi^

11

New York Pippin.
Benoni _

l:i

:;:: + * + :::
.. +

13

Ht'thl.-heniite -

Itlark i)xrord -

15

* *

* * * -

Bohaiinan

Bonum

Am.
Am.
Am.
Ger.
Am.

17

1K

-

■ *

----*--

14

Boiirassa -

Broad well

Brooke's Pippin -

ISucki Hicham

/■'*(// [^htrrii i>f Kentucky, Bachelor, Equinetely.
BuUoL-k's Pippin

a)

■ *

.- -- *

•t-t

Am.
Am.
Am.

'^3

- *

- +

2+

« * *-.*--.

'^'>

•'<i

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

........ + .

27

Carolina Red June

Carter's Blue -

--

- +

.. * *--*...

2S»

-, * ..

mi

Sherwood's Farorite.

.

Ml

W.
W.

W.
L.A.
W.

w:

W.

s.
w.

s.

E.A.

s:
s.
s.
s.
s.
w.

w.
w.
w.

L.A.
E.A.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

;«

**
*

■13

JVaJbridge, Mahaska.

i

34

'_':

30
31)
37

Cuilasaga - -.-

Danver's Winter Sweet —

m. r.ob.

;. * *

3.S
3M

Dlap d'Or

1.

III.
in.
m.
m.
m.

s.

1.

r.ob.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.
r.ob.

r.

fl.
r.c.

r.
r.c.

ob.

r.

r.c.

r.ob.

fl.

r.
r.ob.

r.ob.
r.ob.

r.ob.

fl.
r.ob.
r.ob.
r. c.

r.ob.
r.ob.

Ger.
Ger.

41-1

Duchess of Oldenburgh ---

#., + *♦**
....*..♦-...
. t^^if ■* * * .

41

F.
Am.
Ger.
Am.
Am.
Am.
En.

Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
F.

Ger.
Am.

Am.
Am.

En.
Am.
Am.
Ger.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
-•Vm.

P.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

F.
Am.
Am.

4-1

43

+ ,..

44

4.i

4li

■-

-- *

*

4T
48

Ent;lish Russet

Pouyhkee ijsic Rvsset.

m.

1.
1.
I.

1.
1.
1.
1.

m.
m.

m.
m.

Ul.

111.

. . ** * * * . . *

49

50

** -- -

51

F(trniralder^ Tulpehockcn.
Fall Harvey -

5:1

'

53

51

Fall Pippin

K.M. L.A.
F M I- A .

-- <t
* *

*
* *

** * * %

J

55

P.
P.M.

M.
M.
M.

L.A.
W.

s.
w.

L.A.

S.

w.

w.

w.

s.

L.A.
W.

W.

W.

W.
E.A.
E.A.

W.
LA.

I. A

5fi

-. + ..+ +-

57

Pomine de Neige, Snow Apple.
Fourth of July -

58

5!)

rJabriel -

- *

, i -f . . * ...

1

(Ml
111

Garden Royal -

Gilpin

b. F.
g. M.

62
113

Cart Ihmsc, Little Roinnnite.

Golden Russet, of Western New York

Golden Russet, of Massachusetts

Golden Sweet

Griivcnst<'in

in.
m.

1.

1

V. g.

V. g.

v. g.

V. g.
V. g.

g-

V. B-
V. g-
V. g.

g-
g-

g-

V. g.
V. g.

g-
g-

P.M.
P.M.
P.M.
F.M.
F.M.

K.M.

F.

P.

F.
K.M.

M.
Cider

K

(15

• - ;i

«*..*** if * ♦

(it)

Dl. H-

fi7

(Jarolina Qrccninu-
Green Sweet .-_.

m.
m.

r.ob.
r.ob.

fl.

fl.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.
>. c.

r.

r.
r.ob.

r.

. *t

* -- ♦

m

m

H'lll

70
71
72
73

74

Haskell Sweet

Hawtliornden

Hartford Sweet .,..

m.
in.

!•

■ ♦

.. -- *

■ir .. * ^ 4f * *

* *

♦

-• * * -

+

75

Tri"h Too I^weet

s.

F.M. S.
K.M. LA.
K. W.
K.M. S.

- %

- A

7fi

Hr)llaud Pippin

1.

m.
1.

77

Holly

78

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES.

VII

II.— Central Divisl

on — between 35° and 42° ll

Il-Sonth. DlT.-b. 2£

°i35°

i § 5? . ^ s -a

B 1 £ £ 1 =j .3 ^S

1

e
O J

s

i

£'
<

I

c
"t

*< -

6

.S Remarks.

X .

11

.... Moderate bearer ; showy.

Slender j,'rower, but healthy.

3 *..*--*--**.-
3 *

*..*.-*++♦

* *

*
- ♦*

*

--

. #

"::;::::.: + ::::::

5 * * *

.. .- Showy and fine.

7 *

.... , +■■::::

8

10 * » *».-

11 *..***--»*--

12 t

«« t * * * **♦* -- -- ..

* -

- **

*

. *

Valuable shipping sort.

13 t *

14

15

Liable to dron at the We^t

16 t

- *

17 *

Valued South

18 «

19 _. ._ ., .

20 * tt

21 . .- * *

■ ■

22 *»..-.

* -

***

*

-- -- Has many synonyms; popular in the South and South-west.
A valuable variety wherever known.

23 *♦***--**--

24 t * * *

...,*--*

1

36 -****.- * * ..

.. :^

+ .

- *

- *

*

---

...*..=»
..-*--*

A hardy tree.

38 - * *

39 .. +

-. -- Valued at the South.

30 . t * ..

31 J ,

-- .. A hardy tree ; valued wherever grown.

33

34 ***--« -

+

36 »

-- Productive and hardy.

38 t .. .. ..

39 - --»...

* -
** -

* -

4:

40 i . -. * *

.... * * -- * *..*,-

+ * * --

**.. * * ** *. ---- * --
* -- * - * --

- +

«

. .. :l

One of the most hardy varieties.

41 , « .. .

- *

*

43 ,-.-**-*«.

44 , t --..*,.

4.5 * - -- * * .

* « « * .-

* -

* -

46 *-.**♦-.**.

47 » * -

--

---

Continuesalongtimeripening; often calledRedJuneating.

48 * * * .

49 t --

51 ..*--,

* ** #*..*..

---

52

* -

*♦ -

*
*

.53

*

54 *****-.**.

55 .

.57 * + .

.... * ♦--_.*..*..
+

...

'-'-

-.-*---

A hardy tree ; one of the best for the North and West.

58

59

•

60 * **-. .

61 ^..*i^*--*^.

-*..*******--♦-.

*

♦ *

63 -- * .- .

63 t*

*
*

* *

«

-'

— * -- -

— + -- -

Ripens early and keeps late.

.. One of the best South.

66 * * *

*

67

\

68 + + .

:"" "+" ■ *

69 - *

70 + .- .

71 --

*

72 ,

73 * **--**.

74 .. -. - « .. .

: *. + * • - * -

*

...

-

Valued only for Cider.

. .. .. A delicious dessert apple.

- — .- * * « 4f *..*.,

*

76 ,

77

78 *

15

VIII

('ATAL()(;UE OF FKI ITS — APPLES.

DESCRIPTION.

1.— Northetn DiTlsion— between 42° and 49°

p

NAMES.

o

0

o

o

CD

1

2

M

2
«
o

o
o

1 .£ »

i » t

IJII

^ .= :: u ■'/_
Q> J3 -. - .t:

a ^ s^ ;> S

is

n O

. 03

B .

He"

31
= fl

= o

"9
KO
81
82
83
84
&5
86
87
88
89
90
91
H2

93
94

95
96

Haas.

1.

m.
m.
m.
m.
m.
m.

1.

r.
m.
m.

1.

s.

1.

I.
m.

1.
m.

1.
1.

1.
1.

m.
m.
m.

m.

r. c.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.
r.ob.
r. c.
r.ob.
r. c.
r. c.

Ob.

fl.

r.

fl.

Ob.

r.

r.

r.ob.
r.ob.

fl.
r. c.

r.
r.ob.

r.ob.

r.
rob.
r.ob.

y. r.

yrus
y. r.
y. r.
y. r.

yr.
s.

yr.
g- y.
g- y.
yr.
yr.
yr.
gy-

yr.
yr.

yr.
yr.

yr.
gy-

e- y-
yr.

yr.
g- y-
yr.
yr.

V. g.
V. g.

g-

v-g-

v-g.

g-

V. g-

g.

S-

g-

g-

f - g-

y-g-

V. g.

V- g-

v-g-

y-g-
g-

g-

v-g.

g-

v-g-
V. g.

g-

V- g.

y-g-

F.M.

F.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
H'.M.
P.M.

M.
K.M.
KM.
KM.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.M.
F.M.

F.M.
M.

M.
F.M.

F.M.
F.M.

F.M.
K.M.
F.M.
F.M.

w.
w.

L.A.
E.A.
E.A.

W.

W.
L A

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

.. -- *#:

Hunt's Kusset

Hurlbut

Jersey Sweet

Jefferis

*

Jonathan

-. « -. .- ♦*

*

Kentucky .

E.A.
E.A.
E.A.

W.

W.

S.

w.

LA.

W.
W.

w.

E.A.

E.A.
W.

W.

E.A.

W.

E.A.

En.

Am.
Am.

F.
Am.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

** -- * * *

Kirlibridge White . ..

King of Tompkins County

****** * •

* --

-..

*

Large i'ellow Bough

-- * -- * ♦+
*

Summi:r Sweet Bough.
Lady's Sweet

Late Strawberry

-. -.*__*

Aututnn Strawberry.

Limber Twig

97

James River.
Loudon Pippin

99

Orange, Tallow Pippin^ Queen Anne, Michigan

GnUien Pippin.
Lysconi

McAffee's Nonesuch

Large Striped Pcarmain.

*

im

102

♦ * — * *

¥ *

*

- - -

104
KlS
106
107
108
109
110

111
113
113

*

*

m.

1.

m.
m.

1.

m.
ra.
1.

m.

1.

1.
m.

1.
m.

m.
m.

1.

s.

1.
m.

1.

m.
m.

1.

m.

1.

U1.

m.

1.

r.ob.
ob.
r.
r.
fl.

r. c.

fl.

r.ob.

r.ob.

r.ob.

r. c.
r.ob.
r.ob.

ob.

fl.

r.

fl.
r.ob.

ob.
r. c.
r.ob.

ob.

fl.
r. c.

r.
r.ob.

r. c.
r. c.
r.ob.

r.
r. 0.
r. c.

r.
r.ob.

r.
r.ob.

fl.

y.r.

r. s.
r. s.

g-y.

y.r.

yr.

y.

gy.

yr.

r. s.

yr.
g-y-

y.r.

g.y-

r. s.

g-y-
g- y-

y.rus

g- y-
gy-

y. r.
y.r.
y- r.
y.r.
y.r.
y- r.

y- r-
yr-

g- y-
y-r-

v.rus

yr.

y.rus
y.rus

yr.
g-y-
y-r.

b.
g-
g-
g-

V. g-

b.

g-

v-g.

b.

K-
b.

v-g.

V. g-

V. g.
v-g.

V. g.

\^-

b.
b.

V. g.

g-
v-g-
V. g.

t

g-

v-g-

v-g-

v-g-

g.

V. g.

v. g.
V. g.

g-
g-

v-g.

F.M.
K.M.
KM.
K.M.
P.M.

F.M.
K.M.
P.M.

P.M.

F.M.
P.M.

P.
F.M.
F.M.

P.
P.M.
P.M.

F.
P.M.

F.
F.M.
K.M.
F.M.
F.M.
K.M.
F.M.

P.M.
F.M.

F.M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.

M.

W.

LA.

W.

W.

w.
w.

L.A.
W.

W.

W.

W.
E.A.
L.A.

W.

A.

W.

w.
w.
w.

E.A.

W.
L.A.
LA.

W.

S.

w.

LA.

W.

W.

W.

W.

W.

W.

W.
L.A.
L.A.

A.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.

-

-- *

Minister

Michael Henry Pippin

Red Cheek Pippin.

Munson Sweet

1 Albemarle PipiAn.

Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.

P.
Am.
Am.

-**-** ii

115

Vandecerc, of New York.

Nickajack

Northern Spy

116

.. ♦ *♦ -- * -

....

117

■*

I1R

\

119

Ortley

i^n

^Vhite BeUJiower.t Woolman's Long.

I'^l

t* * ** * * -

,.»,

us

124
125
126
127
12H
129
130
131

132
W)
VM

ia5
1*)

137
138
139
140
141
142
14:i
14t
145
146

Pom me Grise

Porter

... * * -

-•

--♦***
-- * — — «*

Pryor's Red _

Am.

*****

N *

Ked Astraolian

P.

--

--♦--* **

* * **** *

N *

Old Niinesuvh, Richfield Nonesuch, Steele's Red
Winter of mme.

Am.

Rhode Island Greening

Am.
En.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

- • - - - - * **

If***** ♦ ** .

Ridge Pippin

m.
m.

1.
m.

1.

Roxbury Russet

****** * *♦ -

**

Robertson's White

* .. * * ** i

m.

r.c.

r. c.

r.ob.

r.ob.

r.

r.ob.
r.ob.
r.ob.
r. 0.

r.c.

r- s.
y.r.
y.r.
y.r.
y.r.

y-r.

g- y-

r. s.

yr.

y.rus

K-

g-
g.
g-

g.

g-
g-

v- g.

g.
g.

F.
P.M.
F.M.
K.M.
K.M.

M.

M.
K.M.
K.M.

M.

L.A.
W

w.
w.

E.A.
L.A.

Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
En.

S;inith-<j r'iilpr

1.

m.

m.
m.
1.
1.

1.

--

-- -- -- -- *

147 Si.i..L-oli..iiQo 1

14H

149
150
151
152

153

Sops of Wine

--

-- *

- ■- *

Homuity.

W.

S.

s.

E.A.

Am.
Am.
Am.

Summer Ilaglne

Summt^r (^iummi

ilarmutiii.

.-.*..*.

♦

--

—

--

L

CATALOGUE OF FUUITS — APPLES.

IX

n.— Central Di

Tlslon — between 35° and 42

" III. -South. Dl

T.-b 38°&45«

Number.

Petuisylvania

New Jersey.

JJel aware.

Maryland &D.C.

\'irt:iiiia.

Nortli Carolina. ,

nhiu.

d
•= ■ w Remarks.

"'-■=■ y ■; N

79^ ^

t^ * — * -- * *

t

.*

Kl

Very valuable for market or Stock.

ts * *

84 « --***

85

^ * ** * * * * -- *

* +**..* * -- *

-*..--

89 *

90 # **

<f , * * -- ■- *

'

_•

93 #*--***--* ^
93 .. . * i

fc - * -- * -- -- -- *

- *

- *

-. + +-- + ..

96 * * i

Hardy and productive South-vrest.

97 *♦ *:*

. .. +

98 * * .. * i

99

t .. « * .. -- *--..-

- * ._

100 **..*:.

101

..*♦* ^ * 1^ --♦*

103 .. * -

**----*+****+--*-

. * +

A profitable market sort.

--+***-

A valued sweet apple.

105 - *

...+++

106 * * *

107

*

108 * « * 4

.

109 + **..*.

110 * «« 4C -

- * + --♦*--

111 * -- * *

112

Esteemed where known.

*

113 - - n

U4 ♦ .. * * *

.. * ._ -

-** .. *

- *

- - - * * ** ..

----...-.. This apple is known South and West by over forty different

117

118 ._ --** t

....-* -/t

U9 *,....,

130 * 4

[or more years since.

131 , - . - **

123 +

t. -. *-.*--*

- * •" --

123 .-..«*

134

135 « « .. , t t

4e t * * .. # -

.- * * ****** ***.-..-
.. .. .. .. .. * * -

- *

- *

127 - - * *

139 .* ««.. t *

. . ** * ** * ******....-

- * -- -- --

131 "* "■ *.::.:

132 *

133 *

-_ * -- * -- -- -

-. * -- * * -

_, . Extensively grown South and West.

134 t*** » *

1.35

- *

+

A long keeper.

137

138 * * *

.- ♦ -- *

* *

* -- _ Entirely distinct fr<)m Gilpin or Shockley.

139 ,« ♦ ,

140 * * ,

* * * -

- *

- * -

141 » ,

143 .. ,

143

* *

144

145 « t -- -

*♦

148 , « . ♦ ..

149

+ +

150

1.51 « , ..

152 , * -. * .

♦.-♦*- - * .

153 .. +

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — APPLES — APRICOTS.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern Ditisiou— befwien Ai" and 49"

s
a

a
S
a

^

a

a

s

8

i

c

<

3
o

p

>

c

c

CQ

■

Cfj

■5

1

i

a)

Oi

x:

*
■■

Ik

*

*
*

*

—

*
*

**

*

*
+

*
*

+

*

*

*

c

*
*
*

*

*

**
*

*

*
*

*
*

*

*

--

a

*
*

*

*

*

;;

*

*

*

*

**

t

*

*

*

c

ai

■o

1

c

1

1

151

m.
s.
1.
1.
m.
1.
m.

m.
s.
m.
m.
m.

1.

m.
I.

m.

s.
m.
s.
I.
1.
s.
I.
m-
m-
m>
1.
m.
I.

ni.
1.
s.
1.
m.

fl.

r.
r.ob.

r.

fl.
r.ob.

fl.

r.c.

r.c.

fl.

fl.

r.
r.ob.

r.

r.ob.
r.c.

r.ob.
r.c.
r.ob.
r.ob.
r.c.
Ir.ob.

r.
r.ob.
r.c.
r.ob.
r.c.
r.

r.c.
r.

r.
r.ob,
fl.
ob.
fl.

y.r.

y. r.

g.y-
B. y-
y.r.
g. y.

r. s.
yr.
r. s.
y-r.

y.r.
K-y-

r. s.
r. K.
y.r.

y.r.

g.y.

r. s.
r. .s.
«. y.
y. r.

K-y-
K- y.
B-y.
y. r.
K. y.
y. r.
y.r.
y.r.
y. r.

y.r.
K-y.
y.r.
K-y.

y.r.

g-

V. g.

t
V. K.

K.

g-
V. g.
V. g.
V. g.

V. g.

b.

V. g.

g.
g.

V. g.

g.

b.

g.

g.
V. g.
V. g.

g.
g-

V. g.

g.

V. g.

V. g.
V. g.

g.

V. g.

g-

M.

F.
K.M.

F.

F.
F.M.

M.
F.M.
K.M.
F.M.

F.
K.M.

M.

F.M.

F.
F.M.

M.
Cider
F.M.

M.
F.M.
K.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.

M.
K.M.
K.M.
F.M.

F.M.

F.

M.
F.M.

F.M.

E.A.

s!

E.A.
A.
W.
W.
A.
S.

w.
w.
w.

s.

L.A.

W.
E.A.

W.
W.
W.
W.
W.
E..\.

s.
w.
\v.

L.A.

s.
s.
w.
w.

w.
w.
w.
w.
w.

Fr.

Am.

.\m.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Hus.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.

Am.
Am.

.\ra.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
F.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

1'i'i

156

157

Summer Pippin..

Summer Sweet Paradise

--

IW

Susan's Spice

15H
IfiO

Swaar

Ifil

IH'^

Tetofsky

^m

Tewksbury Winter Blush

1K(

Tinmouth

165

18«

Townsend

167
IfiR

Hochiug.
Twenty Ounce Apple

Cai/itga Red Streali.
Wagener

1KH

170

Wa.shington Strawberry.
Washington Koyal.

171

Wiiufjli's Crab

17"

Wealthy

17:i

171

Wellford's Yellow

Westl!<^!<l Set'k-no-further

175
17li

White Dortof

177

17S

White Pippin

White Winter Pearraain

170

White Rambo

i,sn

IHl

Willis Sweet

1H«

W i 1 1 o w T \v ig -

1S3

Wine

1R4

Haye's Wine, Pemisylvania Red Streali.
Winesap .. .

185
IHIi

Winter Sweet Paradise -

Yates

187

Yellow Beilefieur

188

II. -APRICOTS.

The columns explain as follows: Size— 1, lart;e; m, luedium: a, sniaii. Fok.m -r, rouodisli; r. f., roimdi.sh flattened ; r.o., roundish
oval; ob. c, oblong compressed. Color— y. o., yellow, shaded to deep oraniie in sun; o. r., oran£.'e, with a red cheek ; o, orange.
Quality— g, good ; v. g., very good ; b, best. Use— All .Vpricots being valued for the dessert, the letter F will signify that it is extra
for the de.^sert, and F. M. that it is valued for table dessert, and at same time profitable for market. Season— E, early ; M, medium ;
L, late in season of ripening. OiUfiiN— F, foreign; Am., Amerii'au.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

1.— Northern Division— between 42° and 49"^

a

1

s

8

a

s

■<

CO

z

M

o
O

o

Eft

c

3

PQ

1

c
'5

i

a

i

B

c
o
B

>

_1

■d

—

o

3

c
c
o

1

in

2;

o

'til

c
O

--

c

C
a.

o
It:

53

aj

C

c
o

1

d

o

a

O

1

Beda

m.
s.
I.
m.
1.
1.
1.
s.

m.

r.
r. o.
r.f.
ob.c.
r. o.

r.
r.f.

r.
r.f.

r.

o.

o.

0. r.
o. r.
o. r.
y. 0.
y. o.
y. 0.
y. o.
y. 0.

V. g.
V. g.

b.

b.

b.

b.

b.
V. g.

b.
V. g.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.

F.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.
F.M.

E.
E.
M.
E.

f:

L.
M.
M.
L.

P.
Am.
F.
F.
F.
P.
F.
F.
F.
F.

—

o

Early Golden

•-

;<

4

Hemskirke

5

Large Red

li

■-

7
8

Peach

Red Masculine

!)
Ill

St. Anibroise

Turkey ..

::

^

CATALOOL'E OF FKUITS—APPLES — APRICOTS.

XI

IX. —Central Olyision— between 35° and 42°

lir.-South DlT.-b. 80° & 45''

a

n
s
a
Z

.2

c

cs

>.
-

Z

a.

*

*
+

*

*
*

♦

*

t

""

*
*

*
**

*
**

4)

*

♦
*

-IS

*

*
*

*

*
**

*

*

*

*
*

*

*
**

*
**

c

1

re

,.

*

*

*
--
♦
*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*

+
*

*

*

*
*

*
*

**
**

*

:

*
*

**

*

*

.5

c
"5

*

**

**

a;
x

.2

*

*

*
*

*
*
*

+

*

*
*
*

**
*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*
*
*

*
*

*

*
*

*
*

*

*
*

*
*

£

*

*

■-
*

**

**

*

*

**

*
*

*
*
+*

*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*

*

If
*

*♦

c

*

*
*

5

i

O

__

'E.

1

.5
'7-

X

C

C

1

Remarks.

154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166

167

168
169

170
171
173
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183

184
185
186

187
188

Valued for Stock feeding.
Valuable for late keeping.

II. -APRICOTS

The columns explain as follows : Size— I, large : m, medium ; s, small. Form— r, roundish ; r. f., roundish flattened ; r. o., roundish
oval ; ob. c, oblong compressed. Color— y. o., yellow, shaded to deep orange in sun ; o. r., orange, with a red cheek ; o, orange.
Quality- g. good ; v. g., very good ; b, best. Use— All Apricots being valued for the dessert, the letter F will signify that it is extra
for the dessert, and F. M. that it is valued for table dessert, and at same time profitable for market. Season— E, early ; M, medium ;
L, late in season of ripening. Origin — F, foreign ; Am., American.

II 1 entral DivisiOD— between 36" and 42"

Ill-South. DiT.-b. 28° & 35-

Remarks.

a
a

a

D

i

x'

C

*
*
*

*

I

X

*
*

*

d

*
*

*
•

B

5

*
*
*

3j

*
*

6

Z

*

*
*
•

*
*

7-

«
^

«

^

2

*
*

*

*

*

i

*

*

*

eg

C

C

J

'7.

rf.

i

C
K

1

■

1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

*
*
*

«
*

*

*

•

16

XII

CATALOG UK Ul' FKLIT;

|{i,A( ki:ei;i;iks — ciikkuiks

1 I I -B L A C K B E R R 1 E S .

The columns explain as follows; Size— 1, large ; m, medium; s, small. Form— ob. c, uljlong cunic; v. v., roundish conical or
oval ; ob. ov., oblong oval. Color— b., black. Quality— b., beat ; g., pood ; v. g., very good. Use -F. M, family and market;
M., market. Season— M., medium; E., early; L., late. Origin— Am., American ; F., foreign.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— orthcin DiTlsiop— bt-twecn 42" and -iH"

y

®

K

m

Tl

n
1^

NAMES.

2

1

1

^

i-
c

6

1

c:

^

c

3

H

K

i;

K

C

X

a

is

4)

ffi

=

■f.
■f.

t/^'X.

a;.*:.

X

t —

•f ' ii

C

c

p

X

B

o

0;

XJ

CO

Pn

Q

Cf

t)

cc

o

Sq

^

S

^

>

^

ai

'^ "^

Z, '<'

■^ 'f'^ r

rt

? '

■^

^

1

b

b

Tf

M

3

Kittatinny _

r. c.

b.

b. iF.M.

M.

Am.

''■

*

*

*

+t

H

NewKochelle or Lawton

1

ov.

b.

g. M.

L.

Am.

*

+
*

*

*

*
+

'

4

Wilson's Early

1.

ob.ov.

b

B.

Am.

*

IV. -CHERRIES

The columns explain as follows: Size— 1, large ; m, medium ; s, small. Form— ob. h., olrtuse heart sliape ; r. nb. h., roundish
obtuse heart shape ; r. h., roundish heart shape ; r, roundish or round. Color— 1. r., lively bright red ; d. r., dark red, almost black ;
a.m., amber mottled with red; y. r.. yellow gro\ind shaded and marbled with red. Class— H, Hearts, or tender tieshed sweet
cherries; B, liigarreau, or firm tieshed cherries; I), Dukes, having a character in tree and fruit midway between the Hearts and
Morellos; M, Morellos, having sour fruit, and the tree of small, slender growth. Use— F, family, for dessert: F. M., family or market ;
K. M., for cooking or market ; M, market. Season— E, early ; M, medium ; L. late. Origin— F, Foreign : Am., American.

NAMES.

Arch Duke

Belle Magniflque

Belle de Choisy.

Belle de Orleans

Bigarreau

Graffiun, Yellow Spanish.
Bigarreau of Mezel

MnnMreusc de Mczcl, Bigarreau Goulialaiis.

Black Eagle

Black Heart

Black Tartarian

Carnation

Coe's Transparent

Donna Maria

Downer's Late

Early Purple Guigne

Early Kichmond

Elton

Governor Wood

Gridley

Hovey

Knight's Early Black

Late Duke ,

L<Hiis Philippe

May Duke

Morel lo

Kiilllish MoreW), Large Morello. *

Napoleon

Osceol.'i

Ohio Beauty

Plumstone Morello

I'ontiac

Bed Jacket

Heine Hortensc

Rockport

R<»ya! Duke

Tecu mseh

Tradescant's Blaok Heart

Elklitmu Large Black Bigarreau.

iiKscuir riiLN.

ob.h.
r.h.

ob.h,

ob.h

ob.h,
r.h.
r.h.

r.

r.

r.

r.h.

r.h.

r.

r.h.

r.h.

r.h.
ob.h.
ob.h.

r.
r.ob.h

r.h.

r.ob.h
r.h.
ob.h.

r.
ob.h
ob.h.

r.
r.ob.h

oblh.
r.h.

d.r.
1. r.
a. m.
y. r.

y. r.

d.r.

d.r.
d.r.
d.r.
a. m.
a. ni.
d. r.
y. r.
d. r.
1. r.
y. r.

U:

Vr.
d. r.
d.r.
d.r.
d.r.

d.r.

y. r.
d. r.
d. r.

l^:

a. m.
d.r.
d.r.
d.r.

B.
H.
H.
D.
H.
M.
H.
H.
M.
II.
H.
B.
B.
H.
D,
D.
D.
M.

B.
H.
H.
M.
H.
H.
D.
B.
D.
H.
B.

K.M.
KM.

F.
F.M.
F.M..

F.M. M.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
K.M.

F.
K.M.
F.M.
P.M.
K.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.
F.M.
K.M.
K.M.
K.M.
K.M.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
K.M.
K.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
K.M.

M.

M.

F.
F.
F.
F.
P.

F.

F.

F.

F.

F.
Am,

F.
Am.

F.

F.

F.
Am.
Am.
Am.

F.

F.

F.
F.

F.
Am.
Am.

F.
Am.
Am.

F.
Am.

F.
Am.

F.

I. — IVortheni Division— betwfun 42" and 49**

t.

'/.

1

"»

o

*X.

2£

3

=

t:

"

-/.

'-

r

- '7 '^

!5.~|pjfc,;7.,. ^:P *- :.

* * * if. i|E Uc *

■■]■■ - » -■ -■

.! -- -. » -. *

* -• * *(-■

, ♦ -- * * !-- *

CATALOGUE (IF FKl'ITS — HLACKBERBIES — CHERRIES.

XIII

I I I -B L A C K B E R Pv I E S .

The columns explain as follows : Size— 1, large ; m, medium ; s, small. Form— ob. c, oblong conic ; r. c. roundish conical or
oval; ob. ov., oblong oval. COLOR— b., black. Quality— b., best; g., good; v. g., very good. Use— F. M., family and market;
M., market. Season— M., medium ; E., early ; L., late. Origin— Am., American; F., foreign.

H. — t'bntra! DivisUn— between 35** and 42°

III. -South. »iv.-b 38°&45»

.5
a

1

t

*
*

1

*

**
*

6

CO

1

*

**

Q
■o

«

*
*
*
*

.3

>

*
*
*

a
£

CIS

*
**

*

c
'5

-■
*

*

Si

■r.

6

.2

♦
+

*
*

3
-

*

«3

*
*

*
*

o

*
*

?

.5

*
**

i
1

*
*

:^

11

c
'?

•-

'i

£

-

6

y.

<

Remarks.

1

2
3

4

Of flne flavor, not profitable tor market.
Mainly valued for market.

IV. -CHERRIES

The columns explain as follows : Size— 1, large ; m, medium ; .s, small. Form— ob. h., obtuse heart shape ; r. ob. h., roundish
obtuse heart shape ; r. h., roundish heart shape ; r, roundish or round. Color— 1. r., lively bright red ; d. r., dark red, almost black ;
a. m., amber mottled with red; y. r., yellow ground shaded and marbled with red. Class— H, Hearts, or tender fleshed sweet
cherries ; B, Bigarreau, or firm fleshed cherries ; D, Dukes, having a character in tree and fruit midway between the Hearts and
Morellos; M, Morellos, having sour fruit, and the tree of small, slender growth. Use.— F, family, for dessert ; F. M., family or market;
K. M., for cooking or market ; M, market. Season— E, early ; M, medium ; L, late. Origin— F, Foreign ; Am., American.

11.— Central B

ivision-

-between 35

^ and 4^°

Ill-Soatli

.Dh

_

t).

28° ASS"

S3

C
B

■j!

*
*

*
*

*

*
*

**
*
*

*

*

+

*
*
*

+

*

•Si
?

*

*

*

*

*
*
*

*

*

*

*
*

S3
0)

*

«

*
*

*
*

*

*

+
*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*
*

1

1

o

3

*

*

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*

**

**

*

*
**

*+

*+

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*
*

*
.*
+*

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cc

■5

c

*
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--
*

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*

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d

"S

1

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c
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■-

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m

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*

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*

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*

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If
*
*

*
*

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7.
■f.

*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*

*

a

.-3

*
*

+
*

*

v

*
*

*

+

T;

*

+

*

*
*

*

*
*

+

i

P
*
*

*

i

o

*
*

*

*
*
+

*
*
*

*

*

*
**

*
*

*

o

o
O

si

£

i
Si

1

i-l

'■5

<

<i

•^

>

6

.-

0

Kemakks.

1
2
3
i
5

6

7

8

9

10

U

■a

13
14
1.5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

at

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

A fine old variety, but by many supposed superceded.
Very hardy and productive.

An old varietj-, very firm flesh ; carries well to market.
An old excellent sort ; little known.

The latest ripening; large sweet cherry.

XIV

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — CUUKANTS — FIGS, P:TC.

V. -CURRANTS.

The colums explain; Size— I, large ; m, medium; s, small. Form— with reference to form of hunch— 1., long; v. 1., very
long; s., short; m., medium. Color— r., red ; b, black ; w, white. Qualitv— a., acid ; m. a., moderately acid ; v. a., very acid.
Use— K.M., kitchen and market; F.M., family and market; M., market. Season— E., early ; M, medium; L.late. Origin— F., foreign.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

1.— Xorthern Division- between 42° and 49°

a
oa
S
0

1

a

s

§

&

z

c

<

2

M

0

M

.2
■7.

z

i i

I I

X

03

7,

X

T3

C
X

3

u
c

6

c
tl

+

c

•7.

*

1

■j:

*

3!

C

t
t

, ;

= o

1

Black Naples

1.

s.

b.

111 .a.

K.M.

M.

F.

*

•>

1.

s.

s.
s.

r.
b.

v.a.
m.a.

M.
K.M.

M.
M.

F.
F.

*

*

*

*

*

*

--

■-

;i

Common Black

. ..

Black Ejiglixh.

4

Fertile de Palnau

1.
1.

1.
1.

r.
r.

a.
ni.a.

F.M.
P.M.

M.
M.

F.
F.

fc --

*

■-

--

5

K

Knight's Large Red

1.

m.

r.

m.a.

F.

M.

F.

K --

*

.,

La Versaillaise -.

1.

s.

r.

a.

M.

M.

F.

■ ■ * I--

*

*

*

*

*

*

«

,.

. .

K

Prince Alliert

1.
m.

m.
m.
m.
1.

1.

m.
m.
m.
m.
v.l.

r.
r.
r.
w.
w.
r.

m.a.
m.a.
m.a.
m.a.
m.a.
a.

M.
F.M.
P.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

L.
E.
E.
E.
E.
h.

P.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.

...

*

*

*
*

«
*

*

*

*
*
*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

■-

-

--

--

q

Tn

Red Grape

n

White Dutch

i«

White Grape

l.S

Rahu Castle.

VI.-FIGS-MULBERRIES-POMEGRANATES.

The following list c»f flgs, mulberries and pomegranates was prepared by Mr. P. J. Berckmans, of Georgia. In California,
and many sections of the Southern States, the flg and pomegranate is grown as readily as the apple in the middle States, while
the mulberry is a success wherever the cherry succeeds.

NO.

Name.

Season.

Color.

Quality.

Size.

1

FIGS.

Early.

Early.

Early.
Medium.
Medium.

Early.

Early.

Early.
Medium.
Medium.

Late.
Medium.
Medium.

Late.
Early to Late.

Early.

Early.

Late.
Medium.
Medium.

Earlv.
Early.
Late.
Late.

Yellow.
Violet.

Blue.

Blue.

Pale Violet.

Green.

Yellow.
Yellow.
Violet.
Violet.
White.
Purple.
White.
Brown.
Brown.

Black.
Black.
Black.
Lilac.
Black.

Reddish.
Reddish.

Viclct.
Itcl,

Second.
First.

First.
First.

First.
First.

Second.

First.

First.
Second.

First.

First.

First.

First.

First.

Second.

First.

First.
Third.

First.

First.
Third.

First.
Second.

Small.

■>

;t

4

MaiUm na, Constantinople.

Medium.

n

Black Ischia

ti

Celestial

Small.

White iHChia,

9

Medium.

10

Violet, lone

Large.

11

la

Nerii

Small.

13

Small.

14

Medium.

1.5

Medium.

lU

Turkey - -

Large.

17

MULBEUltlES.

18

Downing

Best.

!!•

Very Tart.

•I)

Persian White

22

POMEGRANATES.
Sweet

Large.

23

Acid

34

Violet

Verv Large.

25

Small.

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — CUKHANTfS — (iRAPES, EOREIGN.

XV

v.- CURRANTS.

The ci'himns explain : Size— I, large ; m, medium ; s, small. Form— with reference to the form of hunch— 1., lonsr ; v. I., very
long; s., short ; m, medium. Color— r., red ; b., black ; w., white. Quality— a., acid ; m. a., moderately acid; v. a., very acid.
Season— E., early; M., medium ; L.,late. Use— K. M., kitchen and market ; F. M., family and market; M., market. Origin— F., foreign.

11.— Central Blriiion- between 35° and 42"

Ill-Soalh, DlT.-b.28"&35-

s

c
c

*
*

*

*
*
*

+

a;

c

•-5
■t

*

*
*

*
*

9

*

V

B
*j

■o

*
*

*
*

>

93

3

o

5

**

*

*
*

._

*+

*
*

*

C

■ ll

1

*

*
*

*
*
*

*
*

83

*

*
*

*

*

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*

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6

-a

*

V

*

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•a

.5

'5

0
*

*
*

*

i-

5

S

i

>4

^
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H

o

o

c
o

<

Rem.irks.

1

3
3

."i
B
7
8
9
10

u

12
13

*

*

V

*
*

VII. -GRAPES- FOREIGN.

As the Foreign Grapes are for cultivation under glass, they are not subject to those variations induced by climate or soil, and
therefore they may lie regarded as equally adapted to all localities. Very few of the local committees have made any report in
reference to these Grapes. The list below contains such as have been already adopted by the Society, with a few others very generally
esteemed. In California, and sections of the Southern States, they require no artificial protection or heat; it has, therefore, been
thought unnecessary to tabulate the States and Territories relative to them ; but, taking the old catalogue, and simply adding to it
a column relative to variety as adapted to a cnkl house, or its want of Are heat, in our Nortliern States, the old form is continued.

The coluuins explain : 1st— The Color of the fruit ; 3d— Flavor; 3d— Season of maturity ; ith-COLD, for a variety that does
well without fire heat— Hot, for a variety wanting fire heat. In flavor, the only distinction is between those that are simply »weet,
as the Chasselas or Hamburgs, and those having a distinct musky aroma, as the Muscats.

No.

Name.

Color.

Flavor.

Season.

Vinery.

1

Black.

Black.
Black.
Black.
Black.
Black.
White.
White.
White.

White.
White.

White.

Red and Yellow.

Black.
White.
Anilicr.
Black.
White.
Black.
Black.
Red.

White.
Black.
Black.

White.

White.

Black.

Sweet.

Sweet.

Sweet.
Muscat.

Sweet.

Sweet.
Muscat.

Sweet.

Sweet.

Muscat.
Muscat.

Sweet.

Muscat.

Sweet.
Muscat.

Sweet.

Sweet.
Muscat.
Muscat.
Muscat.

Sweet.

Sweet.

Sweet.
Sweet.

Sweet.

Muscat.

Sweet.

Very Late.

Early.
Late.

Late.
Medium.
Medium.
Medium.
Medium.

Late.

Late.
Early.

Late.

Medium.

Early.

Early.

Medium.

Very Late.

Late.
Medium.

Late.
Medium.

Late.

Very Late.

Medium.

Early.

Medium.

Medium.

Hot

o

Prince Alhert. Brlzzola.

Cold

3

Blairk Damascus

Cold

4

Black Front ignan

Cold

5
B

R
!)

10
11

1;^

Black Hamburg .

Cold

Black Prime

Cold

Buckl;ind Swt'ctwater

Cold

Cahibriaii Raisin

lO'isiii ilr I \ijalire.
Cann,ni Hall .Muscat

Hot.

Hot.

Musi rit Jilane Native (.')

Hot.

13

StiK'htiyioil G. Hamburg.
Grizzly Frontignan

Hot

U

Red Front ignan, Red ConstanUa.

Hot.

Iri

Earlv Silver Frontignan

Hot.

10

Hot.

n

Ladv Down's Seedling

Hot.

1R

Hot.

1<)

Muscat Hamburg

Hot.

■m

Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat

Hot.

"1

Hot.

22

fio.?e Cha.<«elaif.
White Nice

Hot.

;«

West St. Peter's

Hot.

2+

Wilmot's Black Hamburg

Hot.

2.5
30

Dutch Hdnihuru.
White Swc-twati-r

Dtltrl, SUf.liniler, etc.
White FriiTitignan

Cold.
Hot.

?n

White Constantia, Mtiscat blanc.
Zinflndal.

Hot.

17

XVI

CAIAI.IXJl'K OF FHIITS — (JKAPK'^. .NATIVK — ( ;(>< IS |;|!K|; |; I K

VIIl.-GRAPES-NATIVE.

The columns explain ;is follows: Size— with reference to tlie berry, 1, large ; m, niediuni ; s. small. Form— with reference to
bunch and berrj', s. r., short bunch, round berry ; 1. r., large and round ; m. r. c, medium bunch, roundish oval berry ; ni. r., niediuni
bunch, round berry. Color— b., black or nearly so when fully ripe; r., redish or coppery-brownish red; g. greenish white or
yellowish. Qi-ality- g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— T., table ; M., market ; W., wine. Season- E., early ; if., medium :
L., late. Origin — Am., American ; F., foreign.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern Division— betwi-uii 42" and 44**"

a

a
a

i

o

8

X

2 i Z

1 1

•1

i

>

o

|i

^!|

oj, re

6

X

z;

£

Hi

+

*
+

*

*

1

1

*

*
+
•I-

*
+

*

*

*

+
+

*

+

*
*

1

*

*
*

*
*

+

-
*

4:
*

*

*

•

+

*

>

*
*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*

♦

*

+

*
*

*
*

*

*
*

-■

*

-i

*

V

*
+

*

*
*

v

'^

?.

— ^

^

c

c

c

1

1

1

m.

s.
1.
s.

1.

m.

s.
s.
m.
s.
1,

1.

s.
m.
m.

1.

m.
m.

1.
111.

m.r.
s.r.o.

m.r.
m.r.o
m.r.

l.r.
m.r.o
l.r.o.

s.r.
s.r.o.
m.r.
l.r.o.

m.r.o
m.r.
m.r.o
s.r.o.
m.r.o
m.r.o
m.r.o

m.r.

s.r.
m.r.o

s.r.

m.r.

m.r.

s.r.

r.

m.r.o

s.r.o.

s.r.
l.r.

b.
r.

b.
r.
b.
b.
b.
S-
r.
r.
b.

e-

b.
b.
r.
b.
b.
b.
r.

r.

g.
g.
b.
b.

b.

r.

b.

b.

r.
b.

V. g.

g.

\''
g.

V. g.

\'-

b.

v.g.
V. g.
V. g.

g-

\'-

V. g.

g.
g.

K-
V.g.

g.
g.
g-

v.g.
g.

V. g.

e-

b.

V. g.

T.

T.

.M.W.

T.W.

I'M W

T.

T.

r.M W

T.M.

T.
T.W.

M.
T.W.
I'. M.W

T.
T.M.
M.W.

M.W.
T.
M.
T.
W.
T.
W.
T.M.

M.

TM.W.
T.M.

E. |Am.
M. 1 Am.

E. Am.
L. Am.
L. 1 Am.
M. 1 Am.
E. (Am.
B. Am.
M. Am.
L. Am.
E. Am.
L. jAm.

E. [Am.

..l-.l 1

2
3

Agawam ._.

Rniier'n No. 1.5.

_

.J 1

4

""

-

(i

1 A

"

*
*

V

8
9

Croton _-.

in

:

11

*

*

V
+

12
13

Goethe .-. -.-

It(i(je7''s Nik 1.
Hartford Prolific

U

15

lona

L.
M.

L.
M.

M.

M.

M.
M.
M.
E.
L.
M.
M.
E.

M.

M.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.

IH

IT

IK

la

Lindlev

20

31
22
23

n

Ri>{ief'!i Xo. 9.
Massasoit. —

UdUcr's No. 3.

Martha

Maxatawney - -

Merrimack ..-

Miles

:;

--

-

25

Norton's Virginia --

s.
m.
1.
1.

1.

m.
1.

»fi

37

Scuppernong

•>8

29
30

Union Village

Oiitari(K
Walter

-

31

Wilder

Rofjcr'x Nn. 4.

M.

Am.

IX. -GOOSEBERRIES

The coluiims explain : SiZK— 1., large ; in., niediuni ; s., small. Form — r.. round; o., oval ; r. o.. roundisli «ival. Color- r., reddish
when fully ripe ; g., greenish yellow, when fully ripe. Quality— g., good ; v. g., very good : b.. best. TsE— K.. kitchen ; M.; market.
Season— E., early ; M.. nicdium ; M. I,., medium late. Origin— Am.. .Vmerican ; F., Foreign.

NAMKS.

DESClilPTION.

I.— Nortliern Division— between 42" and 49°

n
a
u
fa

1

a

a

s

Hi

g

3
1

.s|l

'5

*

i

2;

C

>

*
*

s
1

—

i

•o

c

■a

a;

o

c

■s

*

i

o

z,

♦

*

*

t

*

i^

c

s

*
♦

d
"k

g

C

ft

5

o

ti

c

o

x:

2

o

1

C

c

t

C

1

Downing

m.

s.

1.
m.

1.

r. 0.
r. o.

0.

r. o.

o.
o.

g.

r.
r.

r.

g.
g-

v.g.
g.
g.

V. g.

v.g.

V. g.

K.
K. M.

M.
K.M.

K.M.
K.M.

M.L.

E.
M.

E.

M.
M.

Am.

Am.

Am.

F.

Am.
F.

'"

■>

Hoiighlon

■"

T

Mountain

4

Pale Ked

::

""

5

American.

--

«

Woodward's Whitosmitli

Note on Native Grapes.— CoHcorrf -Should have •* for Ma-saachusetts, Connecticut, West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Iowa,
Nebra-ska, Kansas, South Carolina, Alabama and Florida ; and * for Georgia. Dehnearc—** for Miussachusetts, Illiode Island,
Minnesota, Virginia, Ohio, Kentucky, Iowa and Nebraska; and * for New Jei-scy, Illinois, South Carolina, Alabama and
Florida. Ires—** for Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, 'Georgia and Alabama. Norlan's Virainia—* for ;South Carolina,
Georgia and Alabama. .ScHjipcrnoiii/— »♦ for South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Florida.

( a: AI.oiMK OF FKI'll'S -(illAPKS, N'ATIVE — tiOOSEBERUtES.

XVII

Viri. -GRAPES-NATIVE.

The I'lilumns explain as follows ; Size— with reference to the berry, I, large ; m, medium ; s, small. Form— with reference to
bunch and berry, s. r., short bunch, round berry ; I. r., large and round ; in. r. o., medium bunch, roundish oval berry ; m. r., medium
bunch, round berry. Color— b., black, or nearly so when fully ripe; r., redish or copjiery-brownish red; g., greenish white or
yellowish. Quality- g., good ; v. g., very good ; b.. best. Use— T., table: M., market ; W., wine. Season— E.. early ; M., medium
L., late. Origin— Am., American ; F., foreign.

II.— Cen ral DiTislon- between 35° and^"

ni-Sontk. DlT.-b 2S°435°

c
?3

-J.

c

*

*
**

*

*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*
*

*
*

+
*

if

*
*

*

*
*

+

if

q

*

*

*

*
+

c5

c

*
*

**

*
*+

♦

*
*

*

*

+
*

*

*

V

+
*

*
*

*

+*
+

C

c

a

;5

0

*

*
*

*

+

*

*
**
+

*
*

*

+
*

*
*

*

.2

c

*

*

*
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--

*
*

*
+

*

*
*

i

■r.

*

*
*

t

*

*
*

*

*

*
*

+

*

v

*
*

*

*

+

i

*
*

■+-

*

*

*

*

*
*

*
+

*

*
*

*

*

*

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+
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V

+

C

*
+

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*

+

o
o

1

+

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p

*

+

*

*
*

+

*

ei

-a

a

Z

■■

--
"

--
+

'a

&
3

t

a

1
6

3

*
*
*

*

--

*

+

+

o

*
*

*

♦

*♦

+

*♦

*
*
**

*♦

*

*

a

*

*

*

*

*

s

c

--

2

•E

■/I

—
*

*&
*

i

1

--

*

*
*

*

d

si
<

Kemahks.

1

3

t

B

7

8

9

10

11

13

13
14
15
16
17
18
19

20

21
22
23

2i
25
26

27
28

29

30
31

Unreliable.

Too small and imperfect.

Suited only to clayey loams and certain localities.

Hardy everywhere.

Bunches imperfect.

The most promising white variety,

Wants rich soil and high culture.

Only valuable for the dessert.

Liable to drop from the bunch.
Makes the finest of w^hite wine.
Unreliable, except in a few locations.

Valueless at the West.

Mainly valued for a harsh, dark wine.

Vines require age to give perfect fruit.
Very early— too small for market.

The more known tlio better liked.

¥:S°' For the list of Foreign Grapes see page xv.

IX. -GOOSEBERRIES.

The columns explain: Size— 1., large; m., medium ; s., small. Form— r., round ; o.,oval; r. o., roundish oval. Color— r., reddish
when fully ripe ; g., greenish yellow, when fully ripe. Qu.\lity — g, good ; v. g., very good : b, best. Use — K.. kitchen ; M., market
Season— E, early ; M., medium ; M. L., medium late. Obioin— Am., American ; F., Foreign.

II.— Central Division— between do^ and 42^ Ill.-Sonlli Div.-b -^S"* 35c-

s

S

c

X

&

*
*

*

+

*

v

♦
*

-3

p

*

'■zi

a
o

'•J

*

t

*

+

c
'3.

IS

4

*
+

C3

1 !

* i

* t

t 1

* -

. 6

s '2

* -- i
f ...

■ •a
- «

K --

1

C

1

L

.5

S
-1

d
^

o

_i

1

<

id

a

'a

6

c

0

Remarks.

1

2
3
4

5
6

A little liable to sunburn or blister.

A strong growing bush— berry with a verj' thick skin.

An old European sort, entirely free from mildew— more

[upright than Houghton.

New and promising.

The best of all the foreign large sorts in its immunity

[from mildew.

XV 1 11

catalogup: ok fhi its — XK("rAUiNP:s — peach ks.

X

NECTARINES

Explanations

same

IS

for Apricots

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

1.— Sorthern Division— between 42° and 49»

p

»

«

s
s

<

c
a

E>3

z
c

m

<

CO

g

2
s
o

5
o

>
o

C

2
!z;

c

CO

a

1

a

0)

>

o
n!
en

2

3

:^
C

c

&

c
>^
£:

*
*
*
*

*

6

c
O

'■

c

--

c

C

5

o

61

c

1

o

o

■V

a
1

£

1

1.
1.
1.
1.

m.
1.

r.o.
r.o.
r.o.
r.
r.o.

T.O.

o.r.
o.r.
o.r.
o.r.
o.r.
o.r.

V. K.
V. g.

V. K.

g.

F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.

M.
E.
E.
E.
L.
L.

Am.

F.
Am.

F.

F.

F.

■>

3

-I

Early Newington ..-

Early Violet

--

5

Elrupe

Stanwick

XI. -PEACHES

-relative to the tlesh,
j. r., melting, .juicy,

The coliunn.s explain: Size— 1, large; m. medium; s, small. Class— F, freestone; C, clingstone. Color-
w, white iir pale t'olored ; y, yellow or yellowish ; g, greenish white, red at stone. Qi\\t.ity- j. v. ..juicy, vinous

rich ; s. j., sweet and .juicy; s. j. h„ sweet. Juicy and liigh flavored. (tI.ands— s, serrated, wit liout glands ; g. Ldands gjohnse; v. glands
renif(trin. Season — the Season of maturity, as Early, Medium or Late ; those designated as Early, rii'en in hit. 4:! deg. previous to or
about Sept. 1st; Medium, those riiiening from 1st to Ifith of Sept., and Late tiio.se after that period; a few of the Very Early and
Very Late are so designated— E, early: M, medium ; L, late ; V. E., very early; V. L., very late. Origin— Am., American ; F., Foreign

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION

1

-

xorthe

II

Division-

-between

i2°

and 49

s

<

pi

s

8

■<

i

z
<

0

02
<

s

w

B

Am.
Am.

'■5
■/-

>
O

?

•/J

c

if

a
■'

■-

>
--

1

**
**

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

+

**

♦

*

's
S

S

*

*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*

*
*

4i

o
2

*

*

*

*
*
+

*

V

*

*
*
*

*

*
*
*
*
+

*

*

*
*

*

*

V

♦

5

--
--

*
--

*

+
**
**

^

"

X

--
--

a

0

.1

o

1

•>

Amelia

1.
1.

m.

1.
m.

L
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.

m.
m.
ra.

1.
m.

1,
m.
m.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

ra.

1.
m.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.
m.
m.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1.
m.

1.
m.

m.

1.

1.
m.
m.

1.

m.
m.

1.

1.

F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
C.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
P.
C.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
C.
C.
C.
F.
F.

F.
F.
F.
C.
F.
C.
F.

F.

F.
F.
K.
F.
F.
C.
F.
F.
F.
C.
F.
F.
F.
F.
F.
P.
C.
F.
F.
P.
P.
P.
F.
F.

vr.
w.

y.

g-

y-
g-

w.

y-

w.

y-
y-

g-
g.
g-

w.

y-
y.
y-

w.

g-

w.

g-

w.

y-
y.

g-

g-

w.
w.
w.
w.

y-
y-

g.

w.
w.

w.
w.

g.

w.

y.

w.

y.

w.
w.

y.

\v.
w.

y.
y-
y.

w.
w.
w.

w.

y.
y-
y.

m.j.r
.1- m.

j.v.
.i.y.
m.j.r

.1- V.
S..l.tl.

.i- V.

j.y.
m.j.r

J- V.

m..j.r
m.j.r

j.-f

m.j.r
s.J.h.

S.J.

m..i.r
s..1.h.
m..i.r
.i- V.

.1. V.

j.v.

.i- V.

s..1.h.

S.J.h.

s. ,1.

s.,i.h.

.i-v.

j.v.

m.. .r

»■'.. ■
m.j.r

s. . .

B. J.

s.j.h.
m.j.r
s. . .
m.j.r

il
m.j.r
j.v.

8. J.

S.J.h.
s.j.h.
s.j.v.

J- v.

s. . .
m.j.r
r.J.s.
m.j.r

8.3.

j.v.
s j.

r.
r.

g.
g.
r.
r.

g.
r.
g.
g-
g.
g-
g.
.s.
s.
r.
g.
g-
g.
g-
g-
r.
r.
r.
r.
r.

r.
r.
g-
g-
g-
r.
r.

s.
r.
r.
g-
s.
g-
g-
r.
g.
g-
r.
s.
r.
r.
g-
g.
g.
r.
g.
g-
r.
g.
g-
g-
g-

E.

L.

E.

M.

M.

M.
V.E.

M.

M.

M.

L.
V.L.

E.
V.E.
V.E.

L.

L.

M.

M.
V.E.
V.E.
V.L.
V.L.

L.

M.

L.

V.L.
V.L.
V.E.

L.

M.

L.

M.

M.

L.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.

L.

E.

L.
M.

L.
M.
M.

I>.

E.
M.

L.

E.

1:

V.E.

Baldwin's Late

3

-t

.')

I)

7

8

il

10

11

12

13

U

1.')

Hi

17

IK

19

20

31

22

33

34

25

26

37
28

"f. "

Am. ..

Am. L.
Am. j..
Am.l .
Am. 1 - -

Bellegarde

Chinese Cling

Columbia-

Crawford's Early

Druid Hill ..

Am.
Am.
Am.

Early Tillotson

Am. 1..
Am. I..
Am. 1..
Am. 1..
F. ]..
Am. -.
Am. ..
Am. --

Eaton's Golden

*

*

*
*

Foster

(Jeorge the Fourth

Maine's Early Red

Heath Cling

Hyslop Cling

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
Am.
Am.

..

Indian Blood Cling..

Kenrick's Heath

Heath Frcei<tone.
I-adv Parham

I.argc Early York

■in

Large W'liite Cling .

Am.l..
Am. ..

Am. i._
P. ..

P.

31

liate l{ri\ Ranu'ipe

■f

Lenion ( 'ling . .

33

34

Leopold Freestone.
Malta

m

3fi

M<)lden's White

Morris' White

Am.

Am.

Am.

F.

Am.

1
'**

*
*

*
*

37

Mountain Ki)se

3«

Noblesse

39
40
41
43
43
41

ir,
u\

47
4»
49
50
51
52
.5:3
.54
55
.50
57
58

Old Mixon I'^ree

Old Mixon Cling -

Am.

Piccpiett's Late

Am.l.,
Am. ..
Am. ..
Am. ,. .

P. 1..

Pre.sident

Hodman's Cling

Snow .

Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
F.
Am.
Am.

Stump the World

Slurtevant

Tippecanoe

Troth's Early

Van /andt's Superb

Wliite Iniptuial

Yellow Alherge

Yellow St. John

rh it.i's, Flatcr'H St. John.

(•ATAL()(;UK OK FRUITS — NECTARINES — PEACHES.

XIX

X. -NECTARINES.

Explanations same as for Apricots.

II.— 1 enlral Division— between .35" and 42°

lil-Sooth. Div.-b. 28*^ A 35"

Remarks.

i

n
s

1
2
3
4
S
6

£

n
C

C

*

:2

■d

♦

■-

*

.5

03

C

O

a

2

5

5

*
*

.2

pi

>

is

1

-■

±

*

^

d

^

oi

c

0

c

.i.
6

c
<

'_2

c

si
<

c

'a

'5

c

•

XI. -PEACH ES.

The columns explain : Size — 1, large; m, medivim ; s, small. Class— F, freestone; C, clingstone. COLOR— relative to the flesh,
w, white or pale colored ; y, yellow or yellowish ; g, greenish white, red at stone. Quality— j. v., juicy, vinous ; m. j. r., melting, juicy,
rich ; s. j., sweet and juicy ; s. j. h., sweet, juicy and high flavored. Glands— s, serrated, without glands; g, glands glolin.^e ; r, glands
reniform. Seasox— the Season of maturity, as Early, Medium or Late; those designated as Early, ripen in lat. W deg. previcni.-^ to or
about Sejit. 1st ; iMedium, those ripening from 1st to 15th of Sept., and Late, those after that period ; a few of tlie Very Early and
Very Late are so designated— E, early ; m, medium ; L, late ; V. E., very early ; V. L., very late. Origin— Am., American ; f'., Foreign.

i "-

-Uentra! Dir.sion- between 35° and 42°

III. -South. Di?.-b.2fe°j

.35°

Number.

Pennsylvania
New Jersey.
Delaware.

jj 1,:

5

lit

i.

E c

i

p

.2

1

c
p

**

*+
*♦

**
**

<j
**

if*

**
*+

O
a;

a

*
*
♦*

c a-

-- * -

* * -

-- * -

* +* -

* * -
** * -

i Remarks.

•i .

^ «

5<!

1 .. ..

. .. TIlis originated in Soutii Carolina, and differs from the

[Missouri Amelia.

2

3 .. ..

*

f *

*
*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*
*

*
*

**

*

**
**

-■

*
*
*

*

*
*

*
*

"-

*
*

*
**

*

**
*

.4,,..

* -

6

7 .. * --

8

+ -- * * -- -

- *♦

- ^ ..

- * --

- * --

- * --

— Berckmans tliinl^s it is same as Sbangliae.

9 * « --

*--*♦*-

4c« ** « - - ** -

** . - * * ** -

*■-+**-

10 «,„«

11 ** * **

12 * . --
13

**
**

**

--

**

**

--

--

..

*

* * -

* * -
-- * -

-- * -

14

15 .- * ,

* * * -

- * --
^

. ♦ —

16

**
**
*♦

»*

*♦
**

**
**

**
**

*

-

*

*
**

»*

♦*

*

*

* * -

-- * -
** * -

**** -

♦* * -

* * -

17

+

"

18 * , *

19 » * --

20 » ..-.

21 , ..-
22 * « *
23

**** ^ *: » -
* -- * + -. -
4:* * .. -

---

24

25

.. --##.-

26

27 -- -.

* -- *

- * -- ^

-*♦---

4

>t

. * -- -

28

29 * ** *

30 *

*.-*--*♦-

31 « -. »

32 * ...-

33

*--•**-

- * .- *

. * ,. -
. «

1

- - .- *

*

--

*
*

*

*
*

-

*
*

--

*
*

*

Me

**

t

**

*

**

*
t

*

'■'-

**

+

*

M:
¥*

*
*

*
*

**+* -

♦ * -

* ** -

♦ * -

-- * -
-- * -

-- * -
-- ♦ •

* * -

34

35 » ----
36 * * *

37 + » +

38 .- , .-

39 » . t*

40 t .. *

41

42

43 * ..--
41 - , .
45 .. t .-

*

*-.--* « -

t + + ,

.- -. , «

- .- * .- . .

* -. * • -- -

-. .. * * .. .
» -- * .

46 * * *

47

*.-***-

* -- *J

--

48 * , -

49

50 *

* -- * * * -
** -- -

.. .- *

51

52 * * *

53 -

* .. * * .. .

*

*

* - -

--

*
*

*

:;

*
*

•

*

54 »« *

55 -- -

*--***-

56 * , -

57 « .. »

58 --

*

If*

IE*

-

IE*

** * -

18

XX

CATALOGUE OF FKl'lTS — PKAIiS.

X I I.-P EARS

The coliims expliiin as follows : Size— s., small ; I., larfre ; m., medium. Form— p., pyriform ; r. o. p., roundish obtuse pyriform ;
r. a. p., roundish acute pyriform ; ob. p., obtuse pyriform ; ob. o. p., oblong obtuse pyriform ; r., roundish ; r. ob., roundish obtuse.
Color— y. ix--, yellow or yellowish green with a red or russet-red cheek ; y. r., yellow and russet ; y., when mostly yellow or yellowish.
Quality— g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— F., valuable family dessert ; KM., kitchen and market; F. M., family and market.
Season— S., summer; L. S., late summer; A., autumn ; E. A. early autumn ; L. A., late autumn ; W., winter. Origin— En., English ;
Am., American ; F., French ; Fl., Flemish ; B., Belgium ; H., Holland.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern Diyision— between 42" and 49"

i
1

a

e

s

5

0

s

o

>

o

i

*

*
*

*
*

i

*

is

V

*

0^
*

*

*

5

'J.

■J.

*
*

*

**

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*+

*
*
*
*

v

**

*
**
+
*♦

t

--
+

*
*

*

*
*

*
*

*

♦+

*

*
*

*♦
«*

+

*

■c
~

Z)

•g

*

*

**

*

*

*

*
*

*
*♦

--

*

*
+

*
*

*♦

*

*
*

*
*

3

**

*■

**
*

*
*

*

*
*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*+
*
**

*

*

*
+

*

*
*

*

*
*
*
*
*

*

+
*
*

+

++

*

*+
*

+

*
*

*

*

*
*

**

♦

**

*
*

*

*

*
*
+

*

*

--

*

++

+

+

*
*

*

*

♦
*

;;

«

*

»
*

'7

-

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

c
*

(fl

o

"«
Q

fflj

c

s

c
o

c

S

o

--

6
.c
s;
•c

--

c

o

c
IS

a

1
o

1

Abbott -

m.
1.
1.

1.

m.
m.

m.

1.

1.
1.
1.
m.

1.
m.

1.
m.

ni.
m.
m.
1.

m.
m.

I.
1.
1.

8.

ob. p.
p.
J'-

ob.o.p

r.a.p.
r.o.p.

r.o.p.

p.

J'-
ob. p.

r.o.p

r.ob.

r.ob.p

ob. p.
ob. p.
r. p.
r.
r.o.p.
ob. p.
r.o.p.
ob. p.
r.a.p.

ob.o.p

r.o.p.
ob. p.
r.ob.p
r. p.
ob. p.
r.o.p.
r.o.p.
r. p.
r.o.p.
r.o.p.
ob.o.p
r.ob.

r.
r.ob.p
ob. p.
r.ob.p
r.ob.

J'-
ob.p.

r.

r.ob.p

r.ob.

r.p.
r.a.p.

r.ob.
r.ob.p
r.ob.
ob.p.
r.ob.
r.ob.

r.o.p.
ob. p.

p.
r.a.p.
ob. p.

ob. p.
r.ob.
r.o.p.

ol>. p.

p

y. r.

y.g.

y. e-

y-

y. r.

y.g-
y-

y. r.
y. r.

y-g-

y- s-

y-

y-r.
y. g.
y.g.
y. r.
y.r.
y. r.
y.g.
y. r.

y-g-

y.r.

y.
y-g-

y-

y-g-
y-K-

y-

y.

y.r.

y-r.

y. r.

y-g-

y- g-

y-

y-r.
y-r.
y-r.

y. r.
y- g-
y. r.

y-

y-

y. r.
y.r.

y.

y-g.
y- 1-
y-r-
y- >'.

y-

y-
y-r.

y-

y.r.

y-g-
y- g-
y-r-
y- r-
y.r.
y-g-
y-r.
y.r.
y-

V. g.
V. g-
V. g.
V. g.

\'-

v-g-

b.

g-
V. g-

g-
v-g-

V. g.
V. g.

v.g.
V. g.
v.g.
v.g.
v.g-
V- g.

g-
v.g.

g-

v.g.

g-

\'-

b.

v.g.

V. g.

b.
v.g.

v.g.
v.g.

g-

V-

v.g.
v. g.
v.g.

v.g.

g-

v. g.
v-g-
v-g.
v-g.

g-

g-
v.g.

g-

V. g.
V. g.

v.g.

V. g.

v.g.

V. g.

v.g.

g-

vg-
B-

g-

K.

F.M.

F.

F.M.

F.M.

F.

F.

F.M.

.M.
M.F.

M.

F.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.

F.
F.M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.
K.M.
F.M.
M.K.
F.M.

F.

F.
F.M.

F.
F.M.
FM.
F.M.

F.
F.M.

F.

M.

F.

F.
F.M.

F.

F.

f:m."

F.

m.

F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.
M.

F.M.
F.M.

E.A.
E.A.
E.A.
L.S.
E.A.
E.A.

L.A.

LA.
L.A.
LA.
E.A.
E.A.

L.A.

S.
E.A.

Am.
H.

Am.
En.
B.
Fl.

B.

F.
F.
B.

B.

F.

?.

s

4

5

(i

7

Ftniihinte d'AuUtmnc.

Belle Ei)ine Dumas

Due de Bordeaux.

q

lieurre Olairgeau

in

11

13

13
14

lieuri-f d'AiiiiiuIis

Ueurre i.l'Brii.'ii:iis

lira N'WUts,

Beiirre Diel -

Beurre Giffard

-•

IS

1H

Beurre Langelier

W.
A.

S.

S.
A.
E.A.
W.

w.
s.
w.

L.A.
\V.

s.

LA.
L.A.
E.A.
W.
L.A.

s.

A.

s.
w.
w.

L.A.
E.A.
A.
E.A.
L.A.
L.A.
E.A.

s.

E.A.

A.

W.

W.

S.
E.A.
E.A.

A.

W.
F. A

F.

F.
Am.
Am.

B.
Am.

F.

F.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

B.

*
*

*
*

17

18

Beurre Superfiii-.

Blondjjood

Ifl

?n

Brialinont . ..».

n

Buffum -

33

Caen de France

33

94

Catillac

Clapp's Favorite

-

25
2fi

27

Columbia

Dallas -

Dana's Hovey

;;

29

Dix ."?

1.
S.
1.

m.
1.

s.
1.
s.
m.
1.
1.
1.
s.
m.
1.

m.
1.

Ul.

1.

m.
m.
m.
s.
1.

m.
m.

ni.

1.
m.

1.
s.

1.

1.
ni.
m.

i

30
31
32

Doctor Reeder

Doyen ne Boussocli

Doyenne dAlencon

Doyenne du Comice

Doyenne d ' Ete

Duchesse d'Aufioulenie

--

33

34
35

F.
B.
F.
P.
F.
B.
B.
B.
Am.

"fV"

B.

Am.

Am.
F.

"fV

--

*
*

--

.-

36

37

Ducliesse d'Berri d'Ete

Duchesse de Bordeaux

-

38
39

Easter Beurre

Emile de Heyst . .

"

40
41

42

Flemish Beauty

Fulton

43

Glout Morceau

44

45
4fi

Henkol...

Hosenschenck

--

47

Miiiire's Pnuiid.
Howell

48
49

Jalousie de Fontenay Vendee

Jaminette

SO

.losepliine de Malines

11

Juiienne

Kinj^sessinji

5"

Am.
Am.
Am.

Am.
F.
F.
B.

*

53

54

Knit'lit's

55

h'li ifiht's Seedllnu.

5fi

Ijiuisi' Itonno de Jersey

F.M.I s

58
59

Mailanii' Eliza

Manninji's Elizabeth

F.M.

F.

F.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.

M.

A.

S.

A.

W.

A.
LA.

A.
L.A.

-

m

B.

Am.
Am.
Am.

B.

B.

Rl

McLaudhlin

03
63

Merriam

Mount Vernon

M

fi5

—

OATALOGTTK OF FRUITS — PEARS.

XXI

X I I. -PEAR S.

The columns explain as follows : Size— s., small ; 1., large ; m., medium. FORM— p., pyriform ; r. o. p., roundish obtuse pyriform ;
r. a. p., roundish aoite pyriform ; ob. p., obtuse pyriform ; ob. o. p., oblong obtuse pyriform ; r., roundish ; r. ob., roundish obtuse.
Color— y. g., yellow or yellowish green with a red or russet-red cheek ; y. r., yellow and russet ; y., when mostly yellow or yellowish.
Quality- g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— F., valuable family dessert ; K. M., kitchen and market ; F. M., family and market.
Season— S., summer; L. S., late summer ; A., autumn ; E. A., early autumn ; L. A., late autumn ; W., winter. Origin— En., English ;
Am.t American; F., French; Fl., Flemish; B., Belgium; H., Holland.

11.— Central UiTision— between So" and 42"

Ul.-South Div.-b. B8» & 35°

i

is

si

> t

c ^

-- »

d

c
1

- ^

6
!a
O

*

*

*

+

**
«

**

*
**

*

**

*

*
+

v

V

V

+

*
*

*

*
**

v

+

*
*
**

*
*

*
*
*
*
*

*

+
+

*

+

*
*

.2
'■c

c

**
*

*
*

*
*

*
*
*

*

t

*

*

*
**

*
*

*

*
*

c

1

>

i

*

*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*

*

*
**

t*

**

*

CD

-22

"c
c

♦*

**

+

*

*

*
*
*

*

t

V

*

V

*

*

**

*

1*

**
♦

*

+

*

*
*

*

*

if

o

**

*+

*

*

*

*

♦
+

*

*
*+

**

*

*

o

i

*
*

*

♦
*

*

*

*

*

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*

g

*

*

if
*

*

*
"t"

*

*
*+

*

*
*

*
♦*

+

*

*

*

*
*
*

V

♦
*

+

*

+

*
*

1

5
*

+

*

*

*
*
*

*
*

**
*

«*

♦

*
**

+

*

♦
t

*

*
**

*

*+

♦*

**

*
*

if-

*

+

*

*

1

*

*+
*+

*

**

*

O

**

*

*
**

..

*+

**
**

**
**

*

*

o
I

a:

<
-

i

c
.2
is

""

d

o

!2;

c
o
.2

<1

Remarks.

1

9.

3

1
5
6

7

-- *
****

****

* «

* **

* --

* ***
-- * -

* ** -

* ..

Like all pears, should be gathered ere fully ripe, or liable to

[decay at core.

Not profitable for market.

8

9

10

U

1?!

* * *
-■ ** *
--***-
-- * «

* --

Quality inferior.

13
14
15

* --

* *

-- * *
* * *

16
17
18
19

* --

* --

* *

* .-
+

,. .. *

■- ** -

* * *
» * -

Trees very healthy.

21

*^ «

* * *=

<f ■■

23

24

* --

+

-- * -

--

25

* --

-- * -

-

Liable to drop ere ripe.

27

t

28

+ --

* * *

an

+

Delicious, but too small to meet the present market wants.

31
32
33
34

35
36
37

* **

* *
****

+ +

-- *
+

* * ■

.- * -

* ***^
■- *♦*

N --

|! --

38

3n

-- * *^

N --

40
41
42
43
44
45
46

* --

* --

* --

* -.

* --
-- *

* ***^
-- * -

-- * -
-- * *
-- ** -

--

Begins to fail East.

A hardy, productive tree.

Unreliable at the North.
Fails in Eastern States.
Fine for the table.
A profitable market sort.

47

48

>* --

-- ***^

44

An old variety; very healthy and productive.
A pear of great promise in its season.

A hardy tree.

Very productive and profitable.

Some say liable to blight.

50
51
52
53
54

55
56
57
58
59

* *

* --

- *

It***

* --

.- * -.
+ * -

- * *^

- * -

- » *

* *♦ -

* * *

..

60
61

...

- * ■

A capital pear, but unreliable.
Hardy and promising.
Valuable for market.

6?

63

+

64
65

* --

- * -

- * *

--

xxri

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — PEARS.

XII. -PEARS.

[continued.]

The columns explain as follows : Size— s., small ; 1., large ; m., medium. FORM— p., pyriform ; r. o. p., roundish obtuse pyriform ;
r. a. p., roundish acute pyriform ; ob. p., obtuse pyriform ; ob. o. p., oblong obtuse pyriform ; r., roundish ; r. ob., roundish oblate.
Color— y. g., yellow or yellowish green with a red or russet-red cheek ; y. r., yellow and russet ; y., when mostly yellow or yellowish.
Quality— g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— F., valuable family dessert ; K. M., kitchen and market : F. M., family and market.
Season— S., summer; L. S., late summer; A., autumn; E. A., early autumn ; L. A., late autumn; W., winter. Origin— En., English ;
Am., American; F , French ; Fl., Flemish ; B. Belgium ; H., Holland.

DBSCKIPTION.

I.— Northern DiviBlon— between 42° and 49°

s

NAMES.

i

6

<

QQ

g
■<

Ed
CO

2

H

s

o

03

>

O

Z

o

i

C

D

n

1

^;

--

2

i

1

>

+
*

*
*

+
*

i

X

'^

*

*
*
*

*
**

*
**
**

*

*

*
*

*

■it-

if.
*
*

*
*
*

*

it
*

*
*
*

*

*
*

3

6
*

*

*
*

*

*

*
*

0)

*

*
*

*

*

*

*
**

*
*

*
♦*

*

*
**

5

7

--
■-
■■

*

*
*

*

*

-i

it

*

*
*
*

*
*

c

*

r.

Si

"

^

"

i
"1

c
o
tn
<s>
u
O

KA

s.
s.
1.
1.

s.

1.

m.
s.
m.
m.

1.

s.
m.
m.

1.

m.
m.
m.

1.

m.
m.

ob. p.

r. p.
r.
r.a.p.
r.o.p.
r. ob.
P-

ob. p.

r. ob.

P-
r. p.

r.

r.

r.

r.
r. p.
r.a.p.

P-

p.

ob.o.p
ob. p.

r.
ob. p.
ob. p.

P-

y-g-

y. g-
y-g-

y. r.

y-

y- g-
y-

y. r.

y-g-
y- g-

y-

y-g-
y-g-
y-g-
y-g-

y-

y-g-
y- g-
y-g-

y-

y-
y-g-

y-r.
y-r.

y-r.

g-

v-g-

V g

g

V g

e
g-
g

e-

b.

V. g.
g

§:

V. g

v-g.
V. g.

\'-

V. g.

g-

V

g-

g.

b.

g-

F.M.

F.
F.
F.
M.

KM

M.

F
F.M.
F.M.
F.M
FM
FM.
F.M
FM.

F.

F
F.M
K M.

F.M
FM.

M

FM.
M

L.A.

S.

s.

E.A.
W.

S.

w.

E.A.

S.

A.
E.A.

A.

A.

A.
E.A.
E.A.

S.

S.

A.

W.

E.A.
A.

E.A.
LA.
W.

S.

Am.

Am.
Am

B.

B.
Am.

Am.

..

fi7

,Sir((«'.s Orange.

68

Ott

69

"n

Paradise d'Automne -

71

7''

73

Bdk Awj€ciuc,WinterBeU,UvcdaJe's St.Germain
Pratt

74

Am.

B.

F.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

B.
Am.

B.

F.

Am.
F.

Am.
B.
B.

*
*

7(i

St Ghislan .

.-

7H

.-

71

m

81

S"

--

83

Tvson -

Hi

S.T

Vicar of Winkfleld

86

87

Li dnr.
WashiiiKton

K8

Viraalieu.
Wilbur

m

1.
m.

--

m

Winter Nelis

.-

Sitmmer BelL

_

_

_

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — PEABS.

XXIII

X I I. -PEA R S.

[continued.]

The columns explain as follows : Size— s., small ; 1., large : m., medium. Fokm— p., pyriform ; r. o. p., roundish obtuse pyriform ;
r. a. p., roundish acute pyriform ; ob. p., obtuse pyriform ; ob. o. p., oblong obtuse pyriform ; r., roundish ; r. ob., roundish oblate.
Color — y. g., yellow or yellowish green with a red or russet-red cheek ; y. r., yellow and russet ; y., when mostly yellow tiryellowish.
Quality— g., good ; v. g., very good : b., best. Use— F., valuable family dessert ; K. M., kitchen and market ; F. M., family and market.
Season— S., summer; L. S., late summer; A., autumn; E. A., early autumn; L. A., late autumn; W., winter. Origin— En., English;
Am., American ; F., French ; FI., Flemish ; B., Belgium ; H., Holland.

U.— Ceotral DiTislon— between 35° and 4a»

ni-South. DiT.-b. 28°a35°

s

C
>

-

*

*
*
*

: : ; : l New Jersey.

1*1 11 l>elaware.

* * * * [ Maryland &D.C.

si

c

1

• - -■ **

* .- * -

c

It --

>>

o

3

*

*

1= --
t= --

-7

si

Ji6
si

*

*
*

*
*

1

*

•a

'S

u
o

*

*
*

*

*♦
*

+*

*
*

♦

*

C

s
6

E
<

^

o

i

<

7

^

a

d

0)

s

2

o

•5

Remarks.

66

67
68
69
TO

*

*

■-

The more known the more esteemed.

1= --

—

Ranks with Beurre Bosc.

n

73

*

73

* -- * -

* - ■ *+ *

* *

*

*

*
*

*

-- *
-- *

-- i

-- A
-- ;*

-- i4

-- 1
-- 4

* --

* --

*

*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*

*

**
**

*

**

1i
75
76
77
78
79
8fl

*

*
*

*

* -- *

* -- *

-. -- **
** * **

**

Of superior quality.

But yet little known ; promising.

81
82
83
81
85

86

87

*
*

* * +
** -- *

* *

* - - ** *

-- -- + *

* -- * *

*+ ■

*

A hardy tree.

One of the most profitable for market.

88
89
90
91

|!*

Of rare excellence; requires age ere profitable.
Of poor quality, but profitable for market.

19

XXIV

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS— PLUMS— QUINCKS.

XI II.-PLU M S.

The columns explain: Size— 1., large; m., medium; s, small. Form— r., roundish; o., oval ; r. o., roundish oval ; o. ob, oval
obovate. Color— p., purplish or very dark ; r., reddish or copper color; y., yellow; g.y., greenish yellow; y. r., yellowish with shades or
spots of red. QnALiTY—g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— F., family ; M., market. Season— E., early ; M., medium ; L., late
Origin— Am., American ; F., Foreign.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern Division— between 42° and 49°

5

s

s

s

o

CO

M
O

M

a
o

1

C

12;

c

u

o

6

c

*

*

*
*

*
*

*

t

c
X

i
>

*

*
*
*

*
*
*

*

tf.

t3
■I.

*
+

--

*

*
*

+

*

V

.

•a
3

*

*
--
■■

"'
*

*

*
*

*
*

*
V

*

*

*

*

*
*

*

*

*

*
*

*
V

1

**

*
*
+

*
*
*

*

*
*
*

*

*
**

*

♦
*
+

+

*
*

*
*
*

*

*

t
t

*

5

*

*
*

*

*

*
*

c

*
*

*
*

I

^

*

i

i

--

*

1

s

c

o

1

1

1

1.

ra.
1.
m.

s.
m.
I.
I.
s.
m.
1.
s.

\.

r.

r. o.
o. ob.
o.
r.
r.
o.
r.
o.

0.

o.
r. 0.

o.
r. o.

r.
r. o.

0.

o.

o.

r.

r.

r. 0.

r.

0.

r.

o.

o.
o.
o.
r.
r. ob.
r.
r.
r.
o.
ob.

0.

r. o.

r. ob.

o.

r. o.
r.

0.

g.y-
y-

r. p.
y. r.
y. r.

P-
y. r.

p.

P-

P-
r. p.

P-

P-

g. y.
g- y-
gy.
g-y-
p-

y. r.
y. r.

B- y-

r. p.
y. r.

g-y.

p.
y. r.

p.

y-
p.
p.
p.
p-
p.
r.
r. p.

gy-
g-y-

y. r-

g-y-

P-

g-y-
y. r-

y-

b.

V. g.

g-
v-g-

g-
V. g.
v. g.

g-
g-

1

g-
g.
b.

t

g-

b.

\'-
g.
b.
g-
g.
g-

V. g.

\'-

\'-

g-

V. g-

g-

V. g.
V. g.

g-

g-

V. g.

g-

V. g.

g-
g-

F.

F.M.
M.

F.

M.
F.M.
F.M.

M.
iM.

M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.
F.M.
F.M.
F.M.

F.M.

F.
F.M.

M.
F.M.

M.

M.

M.

F.M.
F.M.

F.
F.M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.

M.

M.

M.

F.

M.
F.M.

M.
F.M.

L.

M.
M.
L.
L.
L.
L.
M.
L.
M.
E.
E.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.

M.

E.
M.
M.
M.
M.
E.
M.

M.
E.
M.
M.
E.
M.
E.
E.
M.
L.
L.
M.

M.
-M.

M.
M.
M.

F.

Am.
Am.

F.
Am.

F.

F.
Am.
Am
Am.
Am.

F.

F.
Am.

F.
Am.
Am.

F.

Am.

F.
Am.
Am.
Am.
Am.

F.

F.

/■
Am.

F.

Am.
Am.

F.

F.
Am.

F.

F.

F.

F

F.

Am.

Am.

jKeiKf; amulG de Bavay.

3

4

Bradshaw

Columbia

9
10

Damson. -. -

Domine Dull

11

12

Karly Favorite

13
l-t

General Hand .

15

16

Hulintj's Superb

1.
1.

m.

1.
m.

1.
m.

1.
m.

I.

1.

1.
m.
m.
m.
m.

1.

1.

m.
m.
1.

m.
m.
1.

18

Fallcnburg

2(1

21

*>?

McLauirhlin

'1

25

Peach Plum

26

27

FoHtfiiU

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Purple Gii^e

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33

Knyale Hative . -

SI

35

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St. Martin's Quetsche -

SH

Sharp's Emperor

Tl

Victoria.

40

41

4"

Wild Gtiuse

43

1.

yVhite Magnum Bomim.

XIV. -QUINCES

The columns explain: Size — ]., large ;m., medium; v. 1., very large. Form — ob. p., oblate pyriform ; r., roundish; r. ob. p.,
roundish obtu.se pyriform. CoLOB—y., yellowish or yellowish green. Quality— t., tender ; h. t., half tender. Use— K., kitchen ;
M., market. Season— E., early ; E. to L., early to late. Origin— Am., American ; F., foreign.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I.— Northern Division— between 42° and 49°

i
iZ!

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in

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M.K.
M.K.
M.K.

E.to L.
E.tO L.

E.
E.

F.

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Am.

?.

1.

r 1

3

Portugal

4

Uea's Seedling

CATALUUUE OF FKUITS — PLUMS — QUINCES.

XXV

XI I I.-PLU M S.

The columns explain : Size— 1, large ; m., medium; s., small. Form— r., roundish; o., oval; r. o., roundish oval; o. ob., oval
obovate. Color— p., purplish or very dark; r., reddish or copper color; y., yellow; g.y., greenish yellow; y. r., yellowish with shades or
spots of red. Qhality- g., good : v. g., very good ; b., best. U.SE— F., family ; M., market. Season— E., early ; M., medium ; L., late.
Origin— Am., American ; F., Foreign.

11.— Central DlvUion- between 35° and 43° Ill-Sonth. Div.-b. 28"& 35°

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9

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12
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15
16
17
18

19
20
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24
25
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28
29
30
31
32

m

34
35
36
37
38

39
40
41
42
43

*

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XI V.-Q UI N CES

The colunis explain: Size— 1., large; m., medium; v. I., very large. FORM— ob. p., oblate pyriform ; r., roundish ; r. ob. p.,
roundish obtuse pyriform. Color— y., yellowish or yellowish green. Quality— t., tender ; h. t., half tender. Use— K., kitchen ;
M., market. Season— E., early; E. to L., early to late. Origin— Am., American; F., foreign.

IL— C«ntral Division— between 35° and 42°

ai.-South Div.-b. 28^ & 35^

pi
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Remarks.

1

2
3

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XXVI

CATALOGUE OF FRUITS — RASI'HKKHIES — STRAWBERRIES.

XV.-RASPBERRIES.

The columns explain: Size— 1., large; m., mediuni ; s., small. Form— r., roundish ; r. o., roundish conical; c, conical ; ob. c,
obtuse conical. Color— b., black ; r., reddish ; p., purplish ; y., yellow. Qu.iLiTY—g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— M.,
most profitable for market ; F. M., of value for family and market ; F., mostly valued for the family dessert. SE.tsON- E., early ; L.,
late ; M., medium. Origin— Am., American ; F., Foreign.

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I Northern Division— between 4a» and 49°

a

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10

u

13
13
14

October Red.
McCormick.

Mammoth Clxister.

15
16
11

* I--

L

—

XVI-STRAWBERRIES.

The columns explain : Size— 1., large ; s., small ; m., medium. Se.\— H., Hermapbrodite ; P.. Pistillate ; S., Staminate. Color—
d. c, deep crimso ; d. s., deep scarlet ; b. s., bright scarlet ; w. t., whitish tinted with red ; 1. c, light crimson. Form— r. c, roundish
conical ; o. c, obtuse conical or coxcomb form ; c, conical ; r., roundish ; r. o. c, roundish obtuse conical. Flesh— s.. soft ; f.. Arm
Season— E., early; M., medium; L., late ; E. L. early to late. Origin— Am., American; F , Foreign.

= =

NAMES.

DESCRIPTION.

I Northern Division— between 42° and 49°

1

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Kentucky

T.f»nnij''s White

-- *

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==

=

=

( ATAJ.OGl'E OK I'ltUITS — HA8PBP:KKI]':S — STnAWBEKKIES.

XXVIl

XV.-R ASP BERRIES.

The oolumns explain: Size -I., large; m., medium; s., small. Form— r., roundish; i-. c, roundish conical; c, conical ; ob. c,
obtuse conical. Color— b., black ; r., reddish ; p., purplish ; y., yellow. Quality— g., good ; v. g., very good ; b., best. Use— M.,
most profitable for markt-t ; F. M., of value for family and market ; F., mostly valued for the family dessert. Season — E., early : L.,
late; M., medium. Okigin- Am., American; F., Foreign.

n .—Central Dhision— between 36° and 42°

lU-Sonth.9iT.-b.28* & 35°

s

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cr/

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REM-ARKS.

1

2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

13

14
15
16
17

Deep, rich soil or not profitable.

Not profitable.

Profitable nuu-ket sort.

Valued for family use.

Not prolitalilc.

Ver\- prcductive.

An old variety, by many thought to be superseded.

XVI-STRAWBERRIES.

The columns explain : .Size— 1., large ; s., small ; m., medium. Se.x—H., Hermaphrodite; P., Pistillate ; S., Staminate. Color—
d. c, deep crimson ; d. s., deep scarlet ; b. s., bright scarlet ; w. t., whitish tinted with red ; 1. c, light crimson. Form— r. c, roundish
conical ; o. c, obtuse conical or coxcomb form ; c, conical ; r., roundish ; r. o. c, roundish obtuse conical. Flesh— s., soft ; f., firm.
Season— E., early ; M., medium ; L., late ; E. L., early to late. Origin- Am., American ; F., Foreign.

II.— Central DiTigion- between 35° and 43°

Ill.-^outh. -bDiT,.28°&35

s
s

C

:

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Remarks.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

--

*

**

+

An old highly valued sort.
Very productive.

Only valued for the amateur.
Extra for canning.

Esteemed as a family sort.

20

INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.

Page.

Address of President Wilder -. 19

Jno. M. Allen 15

Mayor Keiley - - IT

Adjournment -. - - 70

American Pomological Society, Circular of .-. 5

Appointment of Committees .-- 16

Apple trees, diseased 33

Apples, discussion on 36

Apple— American Summer Pearmain 37

Alsernon's Early. 50

Angular 52

Autumn Sweet Bough 37

Bailey's Crimson Crab 50

Baker 53

Beaoher Sweet 51

Ben Davis 38

Berry 50

Boyd -. 50

Briar Sweet 51

Buckingham 38

Buncombe.- .- 37

Cannon Pearmain 38

Carolina Greening 37

Carolina Red June 37

Carter's Blue 37

Conical 53

Curiosity 50

Early Harvest 37

Early Queening 50

Eureka 52

Fall Queen 78

Fallawater 39

Fay's Joe 48

Forest Queen 54

Furnas - 49

Galena 50

Garden Beauty 54

Gilpin .. 39

Gorin's Russet 50

Hiawatha 51

Holly 38

Hooper's Black 50

Horse 37

Hutchinson's Sweet 52

Junaluskee 38

Kansas IJellfiower 54

Kansas Pippin 54

Kansas Queen.. 54

Lady Elgin 52

Page.

Apple— London Pippin 40

Mahaska 50

Maiden's Blush 39

Mangum 38

Mason's Stranger 39

Mollie 51

Mount Gilead Beauty 50

McAfee's Nonesuch 39 & 76

Newville 51

Nicka.1ack 38

Northern Blush.. 51

Noyes 51

Onarga 51

Orange 52

Otoe Red Streak 51

Pen 50

Pewaukie 51

Pilot 39

Potter's Early 52

Pride of Minneapolis 51

Pride of the Prairie 51

Pryor's Red 38

Pyle 50

Quaker Beauty - 51

Rawles' Genet 39 & 74

Red Astrachan 36

Red Margaret 37

Red Rose 48

Reliance. 51

Ripley 47

Rochester Pippin 48

Schuyler's Sweet 49

Sedgwick 48

Semper 51

Sherman's Sweet -. 52

Shockley.. 39

Skinner's Seedling 53

Simmon's 51

Stevenson's Winter 39

Stewart's Sweet... 51

Stribling 50

Summer Queen... 37

Summer Sweet Bough 37

Sylvan Sweet Crab -- *8

Taft «

Taunton... 38

Tuttle.. <9

VVTiitescarver 49

White Winter Pearmain 39

.\.\x

IXDEX TO rKO(;KEI)INGS.

Page.

Apple— Winesap --- 39

Winter Sweet Paradise 40

Winter Gem 51

Yates -... - 39

Yellow Newton Pippin - 39

York Imperial --- 40

Zeeke 78

Arkansas, Report from 80

llanquet, Grand 71

California, Report from -.. 81

Chester, S. C, Report from 113

Committee on Credentials.. 16

Blight — - 34

Business - 16

Codling Moth Trap - M

Diseased Apple Trees 33

Exerntive 10

Foreign Fruits - 10

General Fruit - 10

Medal or Die 37

Mildews- _. -.. 34

Name of Apple 36

Native Fruits 10

Nominations of Officers - - 16

Pruning .33

Reeord of Fruits exhibited- 16

Revision of Catalogue 33

Synonyms and Rejected Fruits 10

Congressional Appropriation 3.'t

Deceased Members - 28

Discussion on Apples 36

Figs --- --.- 70

Grapes - - 67

Pears - 56

Peaches -- - 63

Plums. - 67

Strawberries 60

Diseases and Insects 22

Donations to the Society 66

Downer. J. S., of Kentucky, on Wild Goose Plums IKi

Draining of Fruit Lands 21

Executive Committee 10

Figs, Discussion on 70

Fig, Black Ischia 70

Brown Turkey 70

Brunswick 70

Celestia , 70

Green Italian 70

Lemon - 70

White Nerii -- 70

General Fruit Committee 10

Georgia, Iteport from 84

Grapes, Discussion on 67

Grand Hamiuet - 70

Grape, Blaik July - 68

Clinton - 68

Concord 67

Croton 70

Delaware 67

Flowers 68

Hartford Prolific 68

Herbemont 67

lona 69

Ives 67

P.\GE.

Grape— Kalamazoo 53

Martha 69

Mish 68

Norton's Virginia _. 67

Scuppernong 68

Senasqua 70

Talman's Seedling.. 89

Thomas 68

Wilder 69

Grapes— Report on, by Rickets 113

Wylie 113

Howsley on Apples 74

Invitation from City of Richmond. 17

Commissioner of Agriculture (jO

Massachusetts Horticultural Society 31

Richmond Horticultural Society 33

Illinois, Report from sg

Influence of warm dry seasons 21

Importance of Fruit Culture 27

Insects and Diseases _ 22

Iowa, Report from 101

Kentucky— J. S. Downer, Wild Goose Plum 116

Lemons - 70

List of Premiums - 6

Manures and their application 21

Medal Resolution 66

Members - 11

Members— List of 11

Meteorological - - 24

Mildew, Committee on 34

Motion to Visit California 32

Mulching-- - 23

Nebraska, Report from 106

Newburgh, N. Y., Report from 113

Officers A. P. Society - 9

Olives 70

Opening of Proceedings 15

Oranges - 70

Order of Business - 16

Originating new varieties - 35

Pears. Discussi()n on .56

Pear, Aime Ogereau - - 56

Bartlett -- 56

Belle Lucartive .56

Bcurre de rAssomption -- 55

Beurre d'Anjou - --- 58

Beurre Bosc - - 58

Beurre Clairgeau 58

Beurre Diel 58

Beurre Easter 58

Beurre Superfln 58

Beurre Woronjou 55

Bloodgood --. 57

Bonne de Puits Ansault 55

BulTum 57

Calcbasse d'Octobre 55

Dclices de la Meuse .55

Doctor Lindley 56

Doyenne Boussock .59 ^

Doyenne d'Ete — 57

Duchesse d'Angouleme .59

Duchesse Precoce 55

INDEX TO PROCEEDINGS.

XXXI

Page.

Pears— Diuhesse de Bordeaux 55

Eliot's Early 52

Flemish Beauty - 57

Henri Desportes 55

Howell 58

Huyshe's Prince of Wales 55

Kingsessing 58

Lawrence - 59

Longue de Bosquet 55

Lorial de Barney 55

Louise Bcinne de Jersey 59

Madame Andre Leroy 56

Madame Baptiste Desportes 55

Madame TrejTe 56

Maurire Desportes 55

Onondaga 59

Pitmaston Duchesse d'Angouleme - 55

Plantaganet - 56

Rostiezer - 58

Seckel - - 58

Sheldon 59

St. Francois Seignier 55

Urbaniste 58

Weltz 53

Peacli, Salway 56

Lawrence 52

Richmond 52

Southwicli's Late-- 52

Peaches. Discussion on S3

Peach, Amelia-- 6i

Baldwin's Late 65

Chinese cling 66

Columbia _, 65

Crawford's Early 65

Early Tillotson 64

Eaton's Golden Cling 66

Grosse Mignonne 65

Hale's Early 63

Heath Cling 66

Indian Blood Cling , 66

Large Early York 65

Lady Parham 65

Lemon Cling 66

Mountain Rose 65

Old Mixon Cling 66

Picquet's Late - 65

Stump the World 65

Susquehanna 65

Troth's Early 65

Yellow St. John 64

Place of Meeting 1873 31

Plums, Discussion on 67

Plum, Blue Tweens 53

Imperial Washington 53

Wild Goose 67

Pomegranates 70

Premium List 6

Preparation of Soil 21

Pruning, Committee on 34

Report of W. D. Breckenridge, Maryland 105

R. W. Furnas, Nebraska 106

H.C. Williams, Virginia 110

Face.

Report of J. H. Rickets, Newburgh, N. Y 113

A. P. Wylie, Chester, S. C 113

J. S. Downer, Kentucky - 116

Report of Committee on Business - 16

Treasurer 30

Report of Committee on Fruits Exhibited 40

Best Collection of Fruits 43

Grape Premiums 42

Gratuities - 43

Figs 43

Additional Premiums iS

Concussion 43

Special Premiums 44

Codling Moth Trap.- 44

Additional Premiuns 44

Wines - 45

Credentials 45

Native Fruits 47

Foreign Fruits 54

Reports of State Fruit Committees and Individuals 74

Report of Dr Howsley on Apples 74

C. A. Strawn, Arkansas .-. 80

J. Strentzell, California 81

P. J. Berckmans, Georgia 84

W. C. Flagg, Illinois 88

John Edgerton, Iowa 101

Response of President Wilder 15, 17, :S

Resolution on Membership fees .- 16

Revision of Catalogue 33

Diseased Apple Trees 33

Mildew 34

Medal for Society (jQ

Blight 34

of Thanks - 67

Shelter - 24

Society's Catalogue - 37

Special Mention -- - 73

Standing Committees- - 10

Strawberries, Discussion on 60

Strawberry, Agriculturist 61

Barnes' Mammoth 61

Boyden's No. 30 _ 61

Charles Downing -. -. 62

Green Prolific 63

Kentucky &i

Lennigs White 61

Longworth's Prolific 61

Mary White 53

Margaret - - 53

Sterling --- 53

Seedling Eliza 63

Stuart 61

Triomph de Gand 61

Wilder - 62

Wilson's Albany 60

Tax on Distillation of Fruits 35

Telegraph, P Barry 30

Thanks, Resolution of 67

Thinning of Fruit 22

Trea.surer's Report - 30

Virginia, Report from 110

21

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

Page.

Apples, Explanations, &c V

Varieties VI

Apricots ^

Blackberries xii

Cherries xii

Currants xiv

Figs - XIV

Gooseberries xvi

Grapes, Foreign xv

Native xvii

Page.
Mulberries xiv

Nectarines xviii

Peaches xvni

Pears XX

Plan of - III

Plums - XXIV

Pomegranates xiv '

Quinces xxiv

Raspberries scxvi

Strawberries xxvi

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