SNCS aU IS NMS She vi Wy Verve | vs = ae oy Mee ah wei ssa | We es 0) Mae Wie Mara cue core yw aes vv V Pee CMe WO OS RING ON Vey < $e Be =e hes ie 3 Ny at War a Seas (EE COC ace seat v ww Ui wi G Gaxe Se CCLAC CEv | iW Vy wr eee V VERA Pree VV ee Oy, VAIS cs pei ‘ sce EAE rons Mage STATS aoe at se, ee wu lrwssayoivae’ pee PICA Yu Wye N oh AAAS We SRNR re bee uGe seo he Wy ane uv ee Ow) WU aaa Aha amore yyy Y VOU ye iay Olly tiy yy, nel ase ic My v Rech We Sa Chee Muy: i wr SH pot Wy \/ VU / Wrigs Pee es Sieh Atty fee Ly aceehee : a : yi Nad VA a i) von Wu cu ae: XA ANIING ENS eg ty ~“VOes y augue ieee re Gf. nee ; a afi ceenaae ee a wooo vs ‘ NG \ wed WS, SONS Sehaee Vv ys UNL Y ws ae We y™ EY Fey Wily M Nt be ay : w S Wvverk ye we seta ee we “dhs Ny} A ve hay is pacrceoe ve yvOyy vine be oWUY NN V wy 4 gee is Weenie fered, Wann ‘ey Seni) EYL E i v v Rove Maneetwitct YEU ie Y Avie sopuevettoy is — Wy AAA Ma? Wa TE 55 Ng IGoS* FES lS} eel roa tbe nageovevvly’:S¥e% : | ut yuh yyPVyRy Me iii, Si eee nae WU IVUG ET ISN) JIGS Vy J wy V MWY, ' | Oe VVC AAO Le, Yveyr Seed | Meh Yue Sy OLY Le roe: | TEL) Seo ae AAR Wwe wigly voto vere onivortuns iy Ny ge Oeee Lav andaininel oe Nayuueve veveuet seh aaa Mv YU Yayoi ud WV yyy Vv yy uM eeVigy wir Ble egvE NIG Uv v) What hed, uy yey ee \ ys UG PII ISO GY WU Ae tN A Bet hel tt PT At ls ARO IAN wivvgy WW WW”, We piipaioge cue -— > his ay i i, eae. pe ae © ad SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Wollzm eso ET. | 1889. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1890. ADVERTISEMENT. The extension of the scope of the National Museum during the past few years, and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest, have caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession. Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series of pub- lications, entitled “ Proceedings of the United States National Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the papers are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed, and in advance of the bound volume. The date of publication being plainly expressed on each article the ready settlement of questions of priority is assured. The present volume constitutes the twelfth of the series. The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the scientific corps of the National Museum ; secondly, of papers by others, founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian In- stitution. The Bulletins of the National Museum, the publication of which was commenced in 1875, consist of elaborate papers based upon the collec- tions of the Museum, reports of expeditions, etc., while the proceedings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly-acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions relative to the synonymy of species, and the diaries of minor expeditions. Other papers, of more general popular interest, are printed in the Appendix to the Annual Report. Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletins of the National Museum are referred to the Committee on Publications, consisting of the following members: T. H. Bean, A. Howard Clark (editor), Otis T. Mason, John Murdoch, Leonhard Stejneger, Frederick W. True, and Lester F. Ward. S. P. LANGLEY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. II TABLE OF CONTENTS. Alphabetical index....................-.--..-- Ue ease sinea cia ace ine meiel ce nien se wedeinaici as 652-686 Allen, Harrison. Description of two new species of Bats—Nyctinomus europs and N. GV NOE) Sab SASS oO AS Sen OS AR CASO op HI aN eBE Eee Sn nGe Ooo nEUa se DodaS EP ering ood Sedo aigeboskas* see)! 635-640 Ashmead, William Hi. Descriptions of new Ichneumonide in the collection of the U.S. ATION MSOTMM A wen eieiat cee astceie te talelu = sian ce Wesel ulals wie sisrcje mln eletm one Sant eyelets acai 2 eee ee aed 387-451 Eristicus minutus, E. erythrogaster, E. apicalis, E. basilaris, E. binotatus, E. cinctus, Tchneumon xanthopsis, I. canthogrammus, I. fulvopictus, I. leucopsis, Amblyteles con- tractus, A. cookit, Phceogenes gelechie, P. missouriensis, P. hemiteloides, P. ruficornis, P. montivagus, Ischnus americanus, Nematomicrus coloradensis, Colpognathus eurypty- chie, C. annulicornis, Herpestomus plutelle, Stilpnus texanus, Exolytus gelechiee, Hemi- teles belfraget, H. melitec, H. coleophore, H. variegatus, H. nigriceps, H. gracilarie, Hi. bucculatricis, H. hydrophilus, H. annulatus, H. columbianus, H. rileyi, H. bicornu- tus, H. annulicornis, H. albiscapus, H. mellicornis, H. hemerobii, H. texanus, H. virgi- niensis, H. rubricornis, H. townsendi, H. syrphicola, H. pallidus, Mesostenus erythrogas- ter, M. leucopus, M. leucocoxa, Cryptus violaceipennis, CO. coloradensis, C. leucopus, OC. alamedensis, 0. monticola, OC. texensis, O. armatus, OC. nigripennis, OC. californicus, C.fer- rugineus, OC. brevicauda, O. nebraskensis, Brachycentrus fasciatus, Orypturus texanus, 0. albomaculatus, Nematopodius texanus, Orthopelma bedellie, O.erythropa, O. minu- tum, O. bimaculatum, O. occidentale, O. rosecola, O. californicum, O.coloradense, O. disastrophi, Ischnocerus montanus, Catalytus pallipes, Cremnodes californicus, Pezolo- chus bucculatricis, Pezomachus jflavocinctus, P. californicus, P. alaskensis, Thyreodon texanus, Nototrachys annulicornis, Anomalon xanthopsis, A. eureka, A. simile, Agrypon puparum, A. boreale, Paniscus texanus, P. nigripectus, Oharops annulipes, Bxochilum texanum, Schizoloma confusa, Campoplex texanus, Oasinaria texana, Limneria mela- nocoxa, L. nigricincta, L. nole, L. erythropus, L. brachyura, L. ferrugineipes, L. occt- dentalis, L. gelechie, L. solenobice, L. enure, L. sessilis, L. erythrogaster, L. pattoni, L. eurycreontis, L. consimilis, L. perafinis, L. belfragei, L. pterophoree, L. flavicincta, L. edemasice, L. eureka, L. salicicola, L. cupressi, L. noctue, Metopius xanthostigma, M. terminalis, Bassus eyrphicola, B. orbitalis, B. zanthopsis, B.enure, B. virginiensis, Pri- noda scutellata, Trematopygus, cultriformis, Adelognathus texanus, Orthocentrus califor- nicus, Ischyrocnemis carolina, Hxochus rufigaster, Chorineus flavifrons, Coleocentrus texanus, Pumpla yukonensis, P. pterophori, P. gossypii, P. xanthothorax, P. aplopappi, P. enure, P. lithocolletidis, Polysphincta rujigaster, Olistopyga pulchripicta, O. pleuralis, Glypta leucozonata, G. xanthozonata, Lampronota puritana, Xylonomus rileyi, X. pul- cher, X. floridanus, new species. } Bean, Tarleton H. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. VUI.— Description of a new Cottoid fish from British Columbia. ............ .------ceeee- eee eeneee 641, 642 [Synchirine, new subfamily ; Synchirus gilli, new genus and species. | Bollman, Charles Harvey. (See Jordan and Bollman.) Descriptions of new species of PESOS tt wiacel aja e sie atm ela ns BPS ctr Sct TEI ele mjel te in oem tena chaste oie afer Gcrares stare ete SEE Sic 149-183 (See Howard, L. O.) Myriapoda of Albatross explorations..-...-.-..-------------------- 211-216 Bruner, Lawrence. New North American Acridide, found north of the Mexican boun- dary, (with Plate; 1): ccsnejanan = chats is tec es ia achis - seek cas seebecsiee Sen seeeesceece esse sesmere 47-82 [Mesops cylindricus, new species ; Dadrotettix monstrosus, new genus and species; Ochri- lidia (?) crenulata, O. cinerea, Mermiria texana, M. maculipennis, Syrbula acuticornis, new species; Eritettix variabilis, H. abortivus, Bodtettix argentatus, new genera and species; Pedioscerteles pulchella, Psoloessa buddiana, P. eurotie, Arphia saussureana, Aulocara scudderi, Mestobregma pulchella, Conozoa texana, C. albolineata, C. koebelet, Trimerotropis cyanetpennis, T. azurescens, T. bifasciata, T. californica, T. modesta, T. tha- lassica, T. pacifica, T. perplexa, Circottetix lapidicolus, C. shastanus, @idipoda (?) occi- dentalis, Thrincus (?) avidus, T. maculatus, Haldemanella robusta, new species. } Cope, E. D. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. 111.—Report on the Batrachians and reptiles collected in 1887-’88......-. ..---- 20022-20220 - 22s cent ee eee eee 141-147 [Zachenus roseus, Paludicola frenata, Phyllodactylus leet, Tropidurus lemniscatus, new species. } IIt IV TABLE: OF CONTENTS. 0 ~ Page. Dall, William Healey. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross. No. ae vil.—Preliminary report on the collection of Molluscaand Brachiopoda obtained in 1887-88 (with Plates V-XIV) -..----.----------- +--+ 2-2-2202 e eee eter renee RASTA ES Wey rt, ha tas 219-362 [Malletia goniura, M. (Tindaria ?) eolata, M. (Tindaria) agathida, M. (Tindaria) acinula, M. (Tindaria) virens, Yoldia seapania, Yoldia pompholyx, Leda cestrota, Leda platessa, Leda pontonia, Nucula callicredemna, Cryptodon barbarensis, Cryptodon fuegiensis, Cal- locardia albida, Cytherea encymata, Cymatoica occidentalis, O. orientalis, Bushia pana- mensis, Lyonsiella radiata, Verticordia perplicata, Ouspidarva (?) monosteira, CO. (Luzo- nia) chilenss, Poromya cymata, Poromya microdonta, Dermatomya mactroides, Den- taliwm megathyris, Cadulus albicomatus, Acton curtulus, A. perconicus, Scaphan- der interruptus, Terebra benthalis var. nodata, Leucosyrina goodei, L. (goodei var. 2) persimilis, Pleurotoma exulans, Calliotectum vernicosum, Pleurotomella cingulata, P. argeta, P. (Gymnobela) agonia, P. sujfusa, P. (agassizii var.) permagna, Marginella cineracea, Volutilithes philippiana, Conomitra intermedia, Mesorhytis costatus, Bucci- num viridum, Chrysodomus amiantus, CO. griseus, OC. aphelus, O. (Sipho) testudinis, Nassa townsendi, Columbella permodesta, Murex (Chicoreus) leeanus, Scala pompho- lyx, Alaba conoidea, Adeorbis sincera, Cocculina pocillum, Halistylus columna, Callios- toma platinum, O. ridensis, Turcicula bairdii, T. macdonaldi, Solvriella oxybasis, S. actinophora, Rimula erecta, new species. ] Evermann, Barton W. (See Jordan, D.S.) Description of Yellow-finned Trout..-.... 453-454 [Salmo mykiss macdonaldi, new subspecies. | Faxon, Walter. Notes on North American Crayfishes, family AStACIA Domes) enamine 619-634 [Cambarus evermanni, Cambarus hylas, new species. ] Gilbert, Charles HI. Notes on the occurrence of Gillichthys y-cauda at San Francisco. ... 363 Howard, LL. ©. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. V.—Anno- tated catalogue of the insects collected in 1887-’88 ....--..---.------ Meco dbise Same eoaee 185-216 ARACHNIDA.—By George Marx, M.D .......----.--.--------5--- 22-222 sete ee seen eee 207-211 [Linyphia (Dyplostylum) magellanii, Loxosceles galapagoensis, Thanatus antarcticus, Te- genaria morsitans, Amaurobius frigidus, Drassus pacificus, Gayenna rosea, Clubiona brevipes, Zora californica, Zora latithorax, Lycosa fallax. L. fuegiana, L. ornata, Ctenus obscurus, Menemerus galapagoensis, Segestria galapagoensis, Filistata oceanea, new species. } Myrrapopa.—By C. H. Bollman -...--..-..2-----2- --- +--+ --- 222 een eee renee e teen eee 211-216 [Spirobolus sanctce-lucie, new species; Pectiniunguis americanus, new genus and species ; Scolopendra macracanthus, S. microcanthus, S. galapagoensis, new species. | SJerdan, David Starr. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. TX.—Catalogue of fishes collected at Port Castries, St. Lucia, by the steamer Albatross, November, 1888 ....--------------- 0 - =e eee cere ee mee ee een eee tenn nee ne eens 645-652 [Corvula sancte-lucice, new species. } Jerdan, David Starr, and Bollman, Charles Harvey. (Scientific results of ex- plorations by steamer Albatross.) No. IV.—Descriptions of new species of fishes collected at the Galapagos Islands and along the coast of the United States of Colombia, 1887-88... 149-183 [Raja equatorialis, Discopyge ommata, Urolophus goodei, Synodus evermanni, 8. jenkinst, Ophisoma nitens, Ophichthus evionthas, O. rugifer, Menidia gilberti, Stromateus palo- meta, Diplectrum euryplectrum, Prionodes stisbostigma, Kuhlia arge, new species ; Xenocys jessie, new genus and species; Larimus pacisicus, Polycirrhus rathbuni, Kathe- ostoma averruncus; Bollmannia chalmydes, new genus aud species ; Scorpena russula, Prionotus quiescens, Prionotus albirostris, Prionotus xenisma, new species; Runula azalea, new genus and species; Porichthys nautopedium, Otophidium indefatigabile, Leptophidium prorates, Bregmaceros bathymaster, Azevia querna, new species; Engy- ophrys sancti-lawrentii, new genus and species; Symphurus atramentatus, S. leet, new species. | Jordan, David Starr, and Evermann, Barton W. Description of the yellow- finned trout of Twin Lakes, Colorado...--..---------2-------- + cence ne seen ee cece ee enn ne nee 453, 454 [Salmo mykiss macdonaldi, new subspecies. ] Knowlton, F. EN. A revision of the genus Araucarioxylon of Kraus, with compiled de- = scriptions and partial synonomy of the species ..-..-----.--------+------------++2-2-2------ 601-617 Lucas, Frederic 4. Description of some bones of Pallas’s Cormorant (Phalacrocorax per- spicillatus) ..---. acces == 2 ene c ee eee nee ne een n ene cnet ee eters enn n ce cae ene seen ee ern nne 88-94 Marx, George. (See Howard, L. 0.) Arachnida of Albatross exploration...-.------------ 207-211 Catalogue of the described Aranece of Temperate North America ......---------------- 497-594 Wason, Otis T. The archeology of the Potomac tide-water region (with Plates XV-—XIX). 367-370 Merrill, George P. Notes on the serpentinous rocks of Essex County, New York; from Aqueduct shaft 26, New York City; and from near Easton, Pennsylvania ...--.---------- 595-600 -. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vv Ridgway, Robert. A review of the genus Xiphocolaptes of Lesson..... Mia noltina sida oe wtcielee 1-20 | Xiphocolaptes sclateri, X. virgatus, X. ignotus, X. cinnamomeus, new species; and X. major castaneus, new subspecies. | —— A review of the genus Sclerurus of Swainson......------se-000-22s00- ence ne eee e ee eee eee 21-31 (Sclerurus lawrencei, new species. ] (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. I.—Birds collected on the Galapacosualandsnimel S88) (text fomres) oo. ote pence s-Pencniccacnacusctalcsesccrbasessicude ne 101-128 [Nesomimus macdonaldi, N. personatus, new genus and species; Certhidea cinerascens, Geospiza media, Oactornis brevirostris, O. hypoleuca, Oamarhynchus townsendi, O. pau- per, Pecilonetta galapagensis, new species. | —— (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. I1.—Birds collected on the Island of Santa Lucia, West Indies; the Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; and at the Straits of Marelli any S (SS! at c= ance aden eticts selviat ace nsiewee a catblonde se teiacjecbeealcele Note nutes 129-139 [Geositta longipennis, Upucerthia propinqua, new species. } Smith, John B. Contributions toward a monograph of the Noctuide of Temperate North America—Revision of some Tzeniocampid genera (with Plates XXII-XXIII)........-..-. 455-496 Stejneger, Leonhard. Description of two new species of snakes from California ......-. 95-99 [Lichanura orcutti, L. simplex, new species. ] Notes on a third collection of birds made in Kauai, Hawaiian Islands, by Valdemar ERAN OM erate erate ee etc ae eayeria ateniate = Mise le ee eet aiaa ate ee wince cies oes[osinie eae aaeeaceee ae meee 377-386 [Oreomyza wilsoni, new species. | Description Of a new lizard from Lower California .............--+-.2--2+s-2eee-eeeeeee 643, 644 {Cnemidophorus labialis, new species. ] Stejneger, Leonhard, and Lucas, BF. A. Contributions to the natural history of the Commander Islands. X.—Contribution to the history of Pallas’s Cormorant (with Plates EIN ee ecm re eaten es aati aiania rettiosulcwnietssesececee nase ne cucadewaces sesianmeceen 83-94 Vasey, Dr. George. (Scientific results of explorations by steamer Albatross.) No. VI.— ist of the plants'collected in Alaska in 1888.00... 0.- 2. eine ease ees came scneees cee 217, 218 Walcott, Charies D. Descriptive notes of new genera and species from the Lower Cam- brant omOlenellus|Zone of North America::..2.--saccscescccos se csct ah escecese-l.aseecoee 33-46 [Archeocyathus (A.) dwighti, Ethmophyllum meeki, Planolites annularius, new species ; Kutorgina labradorica var. swantonensis, new variety; Obolella atlantica, Camerella minor, new species; Coleoloides typicalis, new genus and species; Hyolithes terranovi- cus, H. similis, new species; Helenia bella, new genus and species; Agnostus desidera- tus, Microdiscus helena, new species; Avalonia manuelensis, new genus and species; Zacanthordes eatoni, Solenopleura harveyi, S. howleyi, new species. } Description of a new genus and species of inarticulate brachiopod from the Trenton EGET S TONG se Sore erst eee tee Ae ss oo ce Sunes oa crin wis dimaciawe Sob ae eee eee 365, 366 [Conotreta rusti, new genus and species. ] Wilson, Thomas. The Paleolithic period in the District of Columbia (with plates X VII- NOON) cadds cada g ad ocoed oabace Bade 606d Coca abe Pages SBOE OOCCOCEEE MOTE OEeL rs aSocecrernantccad 371-376 Pie NS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TEXT FIGURES. Three views of Lichanura orcutti, a new species of snake.....-...----- 2-2-2 ---2nee eee e ee cee eee Views of Lichanura simplex, a new species of snake....------------2---5---- seek ees e ee ennene VAC ROPE ICL ILT LU CNCUUN OULD sa. seve alone in 2] ae meralalia eine yai te oleln ol ime salam imate mete ale einieiaiclosmcieole ae facts Head of Nesomimus macdonaldi, a new species of bird ......----.----------------- ene ee ee eee Head of Geospiza controstris,a new species of bird .-2. 60). - 2... cee erence nec cen cece nncensccne Head of Geospiza media, anew species of bird)... ...- 2.020502 sce. oon nescence ae een nne -neoes Head of Cactornis brevirosiris, anew species of bird...... 122... 2-026 cece -eonneecosceceaer-=> Head of Camarhynchus townsendi, a new species of bird .......-.--.---.- 2-22 eee ween ee ene Head of Camarhynchus pauper, a new species of bird...--..------ 2.2200. 000. nn ee een en ececese Views of Conotreta rusti, new genus and species of inarticulate brachiopod from the Trenton NTO ENE cote aBiadia bases 4 toc boo ceraUs te Bag Sscooes AanetesCorercoaaeae we PLATES. I. New North American Acridide: Dracotettix monstrosus, Thrincus aridus, Bootettix i argentatus, Psoloessa Buddiana, Gidipoda occidentalis, Hritettix abortivus, Pedios- centctes pulchella; Menmiurni@ LECUND Jace. oa e\nsasosctactesse os anton sc ueldeweeceee II. Bones of Pallas’s Cormorant; rostrum, mandible, and metacarpalsicn. 2 2 seeeeeeeeee Pe Bones ome alias|s| Cormorants elWISE. Jacksa- ast oe esc esate seca s of ce mae ee eee ee IV. Bones of Pallas’s Cormorant; coracoid, sternum, femur, tarsus, and tibia ...........-. V. Gastropods; Chrysodomus (Sipho) Rushti, Nassa scissurata, Conomitra intermedia, Co- lumbella permodesta, Mesorhytis costatus, Chrysodomus griseus, Pleurotoma exulans, Calliotectum vernicosum, Terebra benthalis var. nodata, Chrysodomus amiantus, YE OE GURDON TO TEU iammtate einiats mma tayaioE sialon Te sia \einle eee icine Aa 8 eee i oe eee ees VI. Gastropods ; Leucosyrinx Goodei, Plewrotomella cingulata, Leucosyrina enue Pleu- rotomella (Gymnobela) agonia, P. argeta, Fusus ceramidus, Chrysodomus aphelus, Nassarina columbellata; Buccinum viridum...... 2.2.04. .2.0ce seen ee cece eomeesee sans VII. Gastropods; Murex (Chicoreus) Leeanus, Oalliostoma platinum, Turticula Bairdii, Gaza Rathbuni, Fusus epynotus, F. aleimus, Turcicula MacDonaldi .........-..-..- VIII. Pelecypods: Verticordia perplicata, Pecten glyptus, Poromya cymata, Cuspidaria mono- steira, Poromyamnvicrodonta, Lyonsiellaradiata, Poromya (Dermatomya) mactroides, OFT BORO DON OURCNBIS Mammen teytece not as apa hacia aoe hela ees. ee See ee IX. Gastropods and Scaphopods: Dentaliwm megathyris, ovicapsule of Scapella brasiliensis, Solariella infundibulum, Volutilithes Philippiana, Scaphella magellanica, Halis- tyluscolumna, Cadulus albicomatus ...- 2. --- 2-2 nc sno cewceec cents ecec tne selsecnde X. Pelecypods: Callocardia (Vesicomya) Smithii, Lophocardium Annette, ‘Callocardia guttata, C. (Callogonia) Leeana, Malletia goniura, Cymatoica occidentalis, C. orien- XI. Gastropods and Pelecypods: Pteronotus phaneus, Pecten (Pseudamusium) strigillatuin, Eupleura Stimpsoni, Crassatella floridana, Benthonella gaza, Marginella cineracea, Mitra Bairdii, Scala babylonia, Pecten efiuens, Peristichia toreta, Cyclostrema cis- CROTIUT VS. sae ee eS Pate Ao Seas on So Se cote was sae. cae wer, Panes eee XII. Gastropods: Haliotis Pourtalesii, Adeorbis sincera, Calliostoma Ooppingeri, O. Rid- ensis, Solariella oxybasis, Actceeon perconicus, Solariella actinophora, Nassa Town- sendi, Pleurotomella suffusa, Scaphander interruptus...--..----.....-+-+---------- XIII. Pelecypods: Nucula cymella, Thracia Stimpsoni, Malletia (Tindaria) virens, M. (Tin- daria) acinula, Leda pontonia, Yoldia scapania, Leda cestrota, Yoldia pompholyx. Nucula callicredemna, Malletia (Tindaria) agathida, Cytherea encymata, Myonera poncistriata, Ouspidaria (Dugonia) chilensis -.-.:----- .<.0--seceeen- acs cccenncccs - 82 88 88 88 362 362 362 362 VIII é LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ? Page. XIV. Pelecypods: Oryptodon pyriformis, 0. fuegiénsis, OC. ovoidens, Nucula Verrillit, Semele ‘ nuculoides, Lucina leucosyma, Venerigtossa vesica, Limea Bronniana, Limatula setifera, Lucina sagrinata, Veneriglossa vesica, Lucina sombrerensis..-..---.------ 362° XV. Ethnological Map of the Middle Atlantic Slope. Location of Indian tribes in 1607.--. 368 XVI. Examples of fabrics impressed upon Pottery of the Potomac Valley...--..----------- 367 XVII. Map of the District of Columbia, showing ancient village sites, etc-----..... Seasons 370 XVIII. Rude chipped implements from the District of Columbia (half natural size) .-----.--- 370 XIX. Rude chipped implements from the District f Columbia (half natural size) .......-.. 370 XX. Paleolithic implements from the District of Columbia (half natural size) .-..-..--..--- 373, XXI. Paleolithic implements from the District of Columbia (half natural size).-----.--.---. 374 XXII. Harpe and clasper of species of Teniocampin®......--------.----------------+--+--- 496 XXIII. Harpe and clasper of species of Teniocampinew........---2+----- +2022 - =e ee ee ee eens 496 DATES OF PUBLICATION OF ARTICLES. Nos. 761-772, February 5, 1890; 773, March 7, 1890; 774, Marc. 4, 1890; 775, March 4, 1890, advance sheets issued December 10, 1889; 776, 777, March 7, 1890; 778, March 8, 1890; 779, April 21, 1890; 780, April 21, 1890, advance sheets issued January 20, 1890; 782-786, May 22, 1890; 787-789, June —, 1890; advance sheets of 787 issued March 4, 1890. LIST OF ERRATA. Page 85. The fourth paragraph should read: Dr. Theodor Pleske kindly writes me in regard to the specimens in St. Petersburg: ‘‘Our museum possesses two excel- lent specimens of this species, both fully adult. One specimen was collected in Bering Island by Wrangell, the other is of unknown origin.” Page 369, line 3, for ‘‘ Plates XVI, XVII” read ‘‘ Plates XVIII, XIX.” ‘ Page 369, line 13, for ‘‘ Plate XVIII” read ‘‘ Plate XVII.” Page 369, line 34, for ‘‘Plate XIX” read “ Plate XVI.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BY OeEe SDE Ee BAL RSS 9: VOLUME XII. A REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES OF LESSON. ris BY ~ RosertT RipGway, Curator of the Department of Birds, Two specimens of an unknown species of this genus, from Costa Rica, having been sent to me for identification by the director of the Costa Rica National Museum, I found myself led into an investigation which, contrary to my expectation or desire, has involved a very considerable amount of labor and research. Fortunately, the National Museum col- lection, re-enforced by specimens in the collections of the American Mu- seum of Natural History, in New York, the Boston Society of Natural History, and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Cambridge, has afforded me fair material to work upon, and my thanks are due to the officers of those institutions who have kindly placed this material in my hands for study. Somewhat to my surprise, the existence of a much greater number of clearly-defined forms than have been recognized by leading authori- ties soon became apparent; and a strict regard for the principles of geographical distribution and variation has left me no other resource than to describe a considerable number as new to science, even though by so doing the number of the latter exactly equals that of those which have hitherto been recognized as valid. Until the two Costa Rican specimens above mentioned were obtained no representative of the genus was known to occur in any portion of the continent lying between Guatemala and the interior of Colombia, and there are still extensive regions in South America of which the same may still be said. Consequently, it is quite certain that when more extensive collections have been made in those regions and the birds of other portions of the “great bird continent” are better known, the number of forms will be considerably further increased. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XTI—No. 761. 1 Proc. N. M. 89 1 74 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES-——RIDGWAY. It is also very likely that more material will show that several of the forms now ranked as distinet species actually intergrade, thus being en- titled only to trinomial instead of binomial appellations. Genus Xiphocolaptes LEsson. Xiphocolaptes Luss., Rey. Zool., 1840, 269 (type, Dendrocopus albicollis VIEILL. ).—CaB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., 11, 1859, 35, 36.—Scu., Cat. Am. B., 1861, 163, 164 (excel. X. perrotii,—=Dendrexetastes perrotii).—Scu. & SALy., Nom. Neotr., 1873, 68. Dendrocolaptes (part) LAFR., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, 98-104. “¢ Dendrocopus RCHB., 1853 (nee VIEILL., 1815).” GEN. CHAR.—Size, largest of the family, except genera Nasica* and Drymornist (total length about 11.00-13.00, wing 4.70-6.00); bill, from rictus, nearly twice the length of the tarsus, slightly curved, much com- pressed; tarsus longer than middle toe, the outer toe equal to the mid- dle; wing longer than tail, third to sixth quill longest (fourth or fifth a little longer than third and sixth), the primaries exceeding the sec- ondaries by much less than length of tarsus; tail graduated, the feathers hard, with very rigid, sharp-pointed shafts. Color: Remiges and ree- trices chestnut or cinnamon-rufous, the inner webs of longer primaries tipped with dusky ; rest of plumage brownish (chiefly cinnamon-rufous in A. major), the breast, etc., with more or less distinct streaks of paler, the pileum and hind-neck (rarely the back) usually also streaked. The genera most nearly allied to Xiphocolaptes are Nasica Lesson, Dendrexetastes Eyton,t and Dendrocolaptes Heermann.§ They are all readily distinguished, however, by the following characters : a. Bill much compressed, its width at gonydeal angle little if any more than half its height at same place. b'. Bill extremely long, its length from nostril more than twice the length of the TATSUIS!: 215% 5 Rosse sox cote eee ease ee Sees ehctacc foals Sinope eee es Nasica. b?. Bill moderately long, its length from nostril less than one and a half times the length of the tarsus: 225225 S5e eee oe ates aiee eel ee eee Xiphocolaptes. a’, Bill not compressed, its width at gonydeal angle nearly equal to its height at same place. Ul SBill from nostril lonver than warsusesssesee sone eee ee Dendrocolaptes. B®. Bill from nostril not longer thanitarsus) ~:.2-----=- 2-2 2. --2--- Dendrexetastes. HAB—Southern Mexico to Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Peru. KEY TO SPECIES. (Omitting those which I have not seen, excepting X. simpliciceps Latr.) a’, Back and scapulars brown, very different from the cinnamon-rufous or chestnut -of remiges and tail. b!. Pileum and hind neck streaked with paler. ce. Pileum and hind neck sharply (though sometimes very narrowly) streaked, the ground color more or less darker than the back. * Nasica LEss., Traité, 1, 1851, 311 (type, N. nasalis Less.,—Dendrocolaptes longiros- tris LICHT.). t Drymornis EYTON, Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1852, 23 (type, D. bridgesii EyT.). { Dendreretastes Eyv., Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1851, 76 (type, D. capitoides EyT.,= Dendrocolaptes temmincki LAFR.). § Dendrocolaptes HEERM., Obs. Zool., 1804, 135 (type, Picus certhia BODD.). anaes PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3 ad, Belly and under tail-coverts distinctly barred with dusky. el, Bars on belly, ete., very distinct and continuous; pileum black, broadly streaked ; tail dark chestnut. Hab., Brazil. X,. albicollis (VIEILL.) (p. 3). e*, Bars on belly, etc., less distinct, in places more or less concealed or in- terrupted; pileum dusky brown, narrowly streaked; tail clear chestnut. Hab. pooOmbnerm-MexXiGOe ones aelee= ences o='anrs X. sclateri RiDGW. (p. 6). @. Belly and under tail-coverts not distinctly barred with dusky. e’. Middle of belly with very faint bars or transverse spots. f!. Breast very narrowly streaked. Hab. Guatemala. X,. emigrans SCL, (p. 7). Jf?. Breast broadly streaked. Hab. Costa Rica. X. emigrans costaricensis RIDGW. (p. 8). e?. Whole belly spotted with black (the spots in two rows on each feather, separated by a more or less distinct buffy streak). fi. Pileum broadly streaked (streaks much broader than shafts of the feathers). g'. Brown of lower parts, back, etc., of a ruddy or tawny hue; bill slen- der, blackish; wing-coverts without streaks. Hab. Colombia. X. promeropirhynchus, Less. (p. 10). g?. Brown of lower parts, back, etc., of an olive hue; bill stouter, light horn-color; lesser and middle wing-coverts streaked with buff. Hab. LIMUKAM ONT Se ecw xaiete oe cee esas 53 X. virgatus Ripaw. (p. 11). f?. Pileum very narrowly streaked (streaks nearly or quite confined to the shafts). g?. Rusty-brown above, tawny-brown below, the tail clear rufous, like winosia #ab. Ecuador. 25-3. 22. eae X. ignotus RIpGw. (p. 13). g. Rich umber-brown above and below; tail very dark chestnut, much darker than deep chestnut wings. Hab. Ecuador to Peru. X. compressirostris TACZAN. (p. 18). c*, Pileum indistinctly streaked, and not darker than back. (Pileum and back cinnamon-brown, the former narrowly and indistinctly streaked with pale cinnamon or rusty buff; beneath pale wood-brown, streaked with light buff.) Hab. Northeastern Brazil (Bahia). X. cinnamomeus RipGw. (p. 15). bt, Pileum and hind-neck without streaks (otherwise much like X. compressirostris). AOS Bolivian ions csise ses se Sew X. simpliciceps Larr. (p. 13). a’. Back and seapulars bright cinnamon-rufous, like wings and tail. b'. Beneath pale cinnamon, with broader bufiy streaks, the throat much paler; under tail-coverts light cinnamon-rufous; above cinnamon-rufous. Hab. Par- acuay and Argentine Republic ...-.-......-...-.-...X. major VIEILL. (p. 16). b?. Beneath deep cinnamon-rusty, with much narrower buffy streaks, the throat much duller but scarcely paler; under tail-coverts bright chestnut; upper parts bright chestnut. Hab. Bolivia ......-.----- X. major castaneus RIDGW. (p. 17). Xiphocolaptes albicollis (VIEILI.). Dendrocopus albicollis Vir1Lu., Nouv. Dict., xxvr, 1818, 117; Enc. Méth., 1823, 625 (Brazil).—Reicn., Handb., 1, 1850, 189, pl. 539, fig. 3692. Dendrocolaptes albicollis Gray, Gen. B., 1, 1849, 140.—Bonap., Consp., 1, 1850, 287.—LaAFR., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, 98. Xiphocolaptes albicollis CaB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., 1, 1859, 36 (Brazil).—Sct., Ibis, 1859, 118; Cat. Am. B., 1861, 163 (S. E. Brazil).—Sci. & Satv., Ex. Orn., 1, 1869, 72; Nom. Neotr., 1873, 63.—VoN BERL.,J. f. O., 1873, 253 (Sta. Catarina).— White, P. Z. S., 1882, 613 (Misiones, Arg. Rep.). VON BERL & VON JAERING, Zeitschr. fiir Ora., 1885, 146 (Taquara and Arroio Grande, Proy. Rio Grande do Sul),—Scri. & Hupson, Arg. Orn., 1, 1888, 200 (Misiones). 4 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. Dendrocolaptes decwumanus Licut., Abh. Ak. Berl., 1820, 256, pl. 1, fig.1; Verz. Doubl., 1323, 16.—SPrix, Av, Bras., 1, 1824, 86, pl. 87 (Arapacu).—BurM., Syst. Ueb., 11, 1856, 10. Xiphocolaptes decumanus Lrss., Rev. Zool., 1840, 269. Dendrocolaptes crassirostris SucuH, Zool. Jour., 1826, 11, 115. Dendrocops crassirostris LAFR., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, 325. Dendrocolaptes guttatus MAx., Beitr., 11, 1831, 1120 (Rio de Janeiro, Capo Frio, and Espiritu Santo; nec LICHT.). Has.—Eastern Brazil, north to Bahia, south to northern portion of Argentine Republic (Misiones, etc.). Sp. CHAR.—Pileum and. hind-neck black, rather broadiy streaked with buff; whole belly, thighs, anal region, and under tail-coverts dis- tinctly and regularly barred with blackish; chin and nearly whole throat white or pale buif; tail dark or dull chestnut, contrasting with color of upper tail-coverts. Adult (No. 36770, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Natural History Museum of Kio).—Pileum and hind-neck black, broadly streaked with buff, some of the streaks of guttate form ; back and scapulars raw-umber, outer sur- face of closed wings similar, but browner (nearly a mummy-brown hue); upper back narrowly streaked with buff; lower back tawny brown or mummy brown, deepening into rusty chestnut on rump and upper tail- coverts; tail dark chestnut, the shafts still darker; inner webs of remiges clear light chestnut, the terminal portion, however, dusky. Lores, suborbital region, ear-coverts, and narrow superciliary stripe pale buff, narrowly and indistinetly streaked (except the first) with dusky ; upper portion of auricular region blackish, streaked with buff, forming a broken postocular stripe; malar region brownish black, marked with guttate spots or streaks of buff. Chin and throat plain buffy white; rest of under parts light raw-umber, tinged with tawny, brighter and deeper on sides and flanks, paler and more tawny on belly, thighs, anal region, and under tail-coverts (the latter more rusty), which are dis- tinctly and regularly barred with blackish; chest, breast, and sides nar- rowly striped with pale dull buff, the streaks becoming much narrower posteriorly, those along the median line, quite to the white of the throat, margined with small dusky-brown spots. Under wing coverts pale tawny or light ochraceous, barred with black. Upper mandible brown- ish black; lower mandible brownish in middle portion, dark grayish basally, blackish at tip and horn-whitish on gonys; legs and feet olive- dusky. Length (skin), 11.90; wing, 5.30; tail, 5.10; culmen, 2.10; depth of bill at angle of gonys, .40; tarsus, 1.22; middle toe, 1.00. Young.—According to Gonut von Berlepsch (1. ¢.), the young have shorter bills and broad rusty yellow guttate spots, instead of streaks, on the top of the head. Among the eight adult examples of this species which have been ex- amined in connection with the present review, are some notable varia- tions of color, correlated with difference of locality, which if shared by Secae | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 additional specimens would necessitate the recognition of at least two geographical races in addition to the typical form. The specimens ex- amined are as follows: ; - a. No. 36770, U. S. Nat. Mus., Rio de Janeiro; Natural History Museum of Rio b. No. 36769, U. S. Nat. Mus., Rio de Janeiro; Natural History Museum of Rio. e. No. 24016, U. S. Nat. Mus., ‘‘South America (Cruise of the Delaware) Dr. G. R. Horner.” d. No. 24035, U. S. Nat. Mus., Sta. Catarina; Lemuel Wells. e. No. 116630, U. S. Nat. Mus., Sta. Catarina; Lemuel Wells. f. No. 14726, U. S. Nat. Mus., Buenos Ayres; J. K. Townsend. g. No. 17966, Mus. Comp. Zoology, Thayer expedition. (Locality not given.) h. No. , Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., ‘“‘Brazil?”; Lawrence collection. Specimens a, b,c, and h are typical X. albicellis, having the rump and upper tail-coverts rusty-chestnut (the lower back, even, tinged with the same), and the under surface strongly tinged with tawny. Specimens d and e (from Sta. Catarina) have the ramp and upper tail-coverts olivaceous-russet, only slightly tinged with rusty (this tinge confined to upper tail-coverts in specimen qd), the under parts much less tawny, the buffy streaks on pileum slightly narrower and paler, and the bill decidedly smaller and more slender, and uniform brownish black in color, instead of having the under mandible (and sometimes terminal portion of the upper) mostly horn-colored. Specimen gis nearly intermediate, having the more tawny under parts of true X. albicollis, the small, slender, wholly black bill of Sta. Cata- rina specimens, and the color of the rump and upper tail-coverts inter- mediate between the two, or russet, becoming deeper on upper tail- coverts. Specimen f (from Buenos Ayres) is particularly different in color from true X. albicollis, and unless the peculiar coloration may be due, more or less, to exposure to the light (it having been mounted for many years) is different enough to be considered specifically distinct. The ground color of the pileum and hind-neck, instead of being black is dull sepia-brown, with the streaks dull buffy-whitish ; the back, scapulars, and almost the whole of the outer surface of the closed wing are dull grayish-brown or pale sepia, the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts browner, but not approaching rusty, though the upper tail-coverts have a tinge of light Mars-brown. The tailand the inner webs of the remiges are dull chestnut, much lighter as well as duller than in typical X. al- bicollis ; the ground color of the under parts of the body is light gray- ish-brown or broccoli-brown, the streaks dull whitish. Should other examples from Buenos Ayres prove to be similar to this one, I propose that the bird be called Xtphocolaptes argentinus or X. albicollis argen- tinus. 6 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. The measurements of these specimens are as follows: Total : Cul- | Depth of Mid. : pill. length. Wing. | Tail. | mon Tarsus. | “too, | a. 12.10 5.30 | 5 20 | 2.00 42 oe) 1 AO? db. 11. 90 5.30 | 5.10 | 2.1 40 129i) 100 Cag eee RSPAS SRN see eoeasoaae. 1.25 1.02 | Bill broken off near base. d. 11. 50 4.70 | 4.50 | 2.05 any 1.20 | 1.08 é. 1J.. 20 5.05) |4o00u) LO sah) 1184 1105 if: (11.50) GiGi)! eorce 2.08 B84] Pe saaeee --- | Middle tail-feathers wanting. g. 11. 78 B20 5.08 | 208 40 2omiede OD: h. 12. 40 5.30 | 4.90 | 2.18 38 25185) 105 It will thus be seen that not only do the two Sta. Catarina specimens (ad and e) have smaller or more slender bills, but they also have shorter wings and tails than those from other localities. Xiphocolaptes sclateri, sp. nov. “Viphocolaptes albicollis (VIEILL.)?” Scu., P. Z. S., 1857, 202 (vicinity of Jalapa). Xiphocolaptes emigrans (part) Scu., Ibis, 1859, 118 (Jalapa).—Scu. & SALy., Ex. Orn., pt. v, December, 1867, 69 (part).—Sumicur., Mem. Bost. Soc., 1, 1869, 554 (Vera Cruz). Sp. CHAR.—Similar to X. albicollis (Vieill.), but larger, with longer bill, narrower streaks on pileum and hind neck, and less distinet bars on abdomen. HAzB.—Southeastern Mexico (mountains of Vera Cruz). Adult (type, No. 37442, Orizaba, Mexico; Prof. F. Sumichrast).—Pil- eum brownish black, each feather with a sharply-defined narrow mesial streak of pale buff; hind-neck, back, and scapulars olive-brown, the first streaked like the pileum, the upper back with much narrower streaks or shaft-lines; rump and upper tail-coverts bright cinnamon- rufous, the lower back tinged with the same; wings slightly paler cin- namon-rufous, the exposed portion of the coverts mostly hight olive- brown, the primaries and secondaries indistinctly edged with the same; tail clear chestnut, with shafts of the feathers mostly dusky. Sides of head streaked with dark olive-brown and pale buffy, the latter prevail- ing on superciliary and orbital regions and ear-coverts, the former on upper portion of ear-coverts and on malar region. Chin and upper throat buffy white, deepening into light buff on lower throat; fore- neck, sides of neck, chest, and breast light olive brown, inclining to raw-umber, each feather marked with a distinet mesial streak of buffy whitish ; sides and flanks raw-umber, tinged with cinnamon-tawny, the first with very narrow paler streaks; belly and under tail-coverts light olive-tawny, barred or transversely spotted with dusky, the feathers with very fine paler shaft-streaks; axillars and under wing-coverts ochraceous, barred with dusky. Upper mandible dark horn-color, lower bluish dusky (plumbeous in life?) ; legs and feet greenish dusky (dark olive inlife?). Length (skin), 12.50; wing, 5.60; tail, 5.60; culmen, 2.30; depth of bill at angle, .40; tarsus, 1.30; middle toe, 1.12. alent may ied ene PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7 An adult from Orizaba in the collection of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (No. 31837), is like the one de- scribed above, but is slightly more olivaceous beneath, the upper belly somewhat tinged with tawny, and the outer surface of the remiges (except tertials) more strongly washed with brown. The bill is also somewhat paler, being tinged with horn-whitish on terminal portion of the culmen, and on the gonys. Length (skin), 13.00; wing, 5.55; tail, 5.30; culmen, 2.35; depth of bill at angle, .40; tarsus, 1.32; middle toe, 112. I am less surprised that this very distinct species should have been at first referred to X. albicollis than that it could afterwards have been considered the same as the Guatemalan X. emigrans. Xiphocolaptes emigrans SCL. Xiphocolaptes emigrans Scu., Ibis, April, 1859, 118, 127 (Guatemala); Cat. Am. B., 1861, 163.-—CaB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., 1, 1859, 36.—ScL. & Saxv., Ex. Orn., 1, 1869, pl. 35 (part; Guatemala); Nom. Neotr., 1873, 68 (part). Sp. CHAR.—Pileum bistre-brown, narrowly streaked with pale buffy ; lower parts raw-umber, the belly without distinct markings, the throat striped with pale buff or dull buffy white, and chest very narrowly streaked with the same; malar region dark bistre, narrowly streaked with pale tawny. HAaB.—Guatemala. Adult (Lawrence collection, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Guatemala; J. G. Bell).—Pileum dark bistre, each feather with a narrow mesial streak of pale buffy; hind-neck similar, but paler brown, with still narrower streaks; back and scapulars plain brown (intermediate between bistre and mummy brown), the wing-coverts similar, but tinged with rusty, the inner web of greater and primary coverts rusty chestnut; remiges clear chestnut, the outer web of primaries mostly light mummy brown, and terminal portion of inner web of five outer quills dusky; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts rusty chestnut; tail deep chestnut, with shafts darker (dusky on middle feathers except toward tips). Lores dull brownish whitish ; superciliary region broadly streaked with pale dull buffy; suborbital region and auriculars (except along upper margin) dull brownish whitish streaked with dark brown; malar region deep bistre, narrowly streaked with pale tawny. Chin brownish white or pale dull buffy tinged with brown; upper throat similar, broadly streaked or striped with raw umber; rest of lower parts raw-umber brown, the lower throat broadly and chest narrowly streaked with pale buffy, the breast and anterior portion of sides with very narrow shaft- streaks of the same; belly, anal region, and under tail-coverts marked with small, indistinct, transverse spots of grayish brown; axillars and under wing-coverts pale tawny or ochraceous barred or transversely spotted with blackish brown. Bill horn-color, paler on terminal half of upper mandible, the basal half of lower mandible grayish or bluish 8 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. horn-color; feet greenish horn-color, the claws pale brownish. Length (skin), 10.60; wing, 5.50; tail, 5.00; culmen, 2.10; depth of bill at gonydeal angle, .40; tarsus, 1.18; middle toe, 1.05. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis Ripew. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis RIDGW., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xi, 1889, 541. Sussp. CHAR.—Similar to X. emigrans Scl., from Guatemala, but slightly larger, and with streaks on breast, ete., broader. HAB.—Costa Rica (Naranjo, Cartago). Adult male (type, No. 115041, U.S. Nat. Mus., Naranjo, Cartago, Costa Rica, August, 1886, J. C. Zeledon).—Pileum dusky sepia brown, each feather with a very distinct mesial streak of pale dull buffy, the ground color gradually changing on occiput, hind-neck and back into raw-um- ber, tinged with rusty, the streaks at the same time becoming narrower until they disappear altogether about the middle of the upper back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light reddish chestnut; remiges and rectrices rather deeper, or clear chestnut, the shafts of the latter becoming blackish basally; wing-coverts and outer webs of primaries and their coverts light raw-umber. Sides of head streaked with pale dull buffy and dark sepia, the latter prevailing on malar region, the former immediately above, forming two ill-defined, rather broad, stripes ; chin and upper throat plain pale dull buffy; rest of lower parts raw- umber, tinged with rusty or tawny, the chest, upper breast, and sides of neck rather broadly and very distinctly streaked with very pale buffy, the other lower parts much more narrowly and indistinctly streaked with the same; middle portion of lower belly marked with a few transverse spots of blackish, arranged transversely, but not form- ing continuous bars; under wing-coverts light ochraceous, transversely spotted with blackish, these spots on both webs of the feathers, but those of opposite webs separated by a median space of ochraceous. Bill light grayish horn-color, darker basally; feet dusky horn-color; “iris dark.” Length (skin), 10.90; wing (quills worn at tips and some of them moulting), 5.70; tail (middle feathers not full grown), 5.10; cul- men, 2.20; bill from nostril, 1.53; depth at angle of gonys, .40; tarsus, 1.30. Immature female (No. 2006, coll. Costa Rica National Museum, same locality, ete.).—Pileum dull black, changing to bistre-brown on occiput, each feather marked with a distinct mesial streak of pale brownish buff; hind-neck and upper back lighter and clearer brown* than occiput, but Similarly streaked, though the streaks become much narrower on the back; scapulars and lesser wing-coverts similar in color to the back, but without streaks; middle and greater coverts similar, but tinged with rusty; remiges clear, rather light, chestnut, the primaries edged with light bistre; primary coverts light bistre, with median portion * Intermediate between the bistre and mummy-brown of my ‘‘ Nomenclature of Colors.” Page PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9 chestnut; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright reddish chestnut; tail clear chestnut, with shafts becoming blackish basally. Sides of head streaked with dark bistre and light dull buffy, the latter prevailing on orbital region and ear-coverts, the former on malar region; chin and upper throat plain pale grayish buffy, the lower throat similar but indistinctly spotted or mottled with brownish; sides of neck, chest, and under parts generally, raw-umber, more rufescent on sides and lower tail-coverts; sides of neck narrowly streaked with pale brownish buffy; chest and upper breast broadly streaked with a paler and duller tint of the same, each streak margined laterally by a narrower dusky streak; lower breast and belly with similar but much narrower and less distinct streaks, the middle and lower portion of the Jatter marked with small transverse spots of dusky, in transverse series, but not forming continu- ous bars; under tail-coverts very indistinctly streaked with paler and faintly spotted with dusky. Bill horn-color, feet dusky, “iris dark.” Length (skin), 11.75; wing, 5.50; tail, 5.30; culmen, 1.90. Compared with a typical example of X: emigrans Scl., from Guate- mala (in the Lawrence collection, American Museum Nat. Hist.), the re- semblance is so very close as to leave no doubt as to their specific iden- tity, such differences as are observable being not more than sufficient to characterize a local race. These consist,in addition to those mentioned in the diagnosis, in the longer, rather narrower bill (culmen 2.20 instead of 2.10, depth at gonydeal angle .40 instead of .42), longer wing (5.70 instead of 5.45) and tail (5.10 instead of 4.85), much broader streaks on chest, etc., and absence of distinct brown stripes on the throat. ‘When the two specimens described above were first received I was able to compare them only with two specimens of so-called Y. emigrans from Southern Mexico (Jalapa), from which they were so very different that I considered them specifically distinct. At the same time I was greatly puzzled by several very marked discrepancies between Mr. Sclater’s .and other) descriptions of Y. emigrans and the characters of the Crizaba specimens, the latter having the belly distinctly barred with dusky instead of having this feature entirely absent, the tail 4.70 to 5.00 inches (measured from insertion of the middle feathers) instead of 4.50, and the bill mainly dusky instead of ‘‘a dirty horn-colored white.” The matter was quite cleared up, however, when I received (from the authorities of the American Museum, in New York) a speci- men of the true XY. emigrans, from Guatemala, agreeing entirely with Dr. Sclater’s description, and so different from all Mexican examples I have seen that I can not avoid considering them specifically distinct.* The immature bird described above, with its rather darker colors, smaller and darker bill, and dusky margins to the pale buffy streaks on the breast, etc., presents a rather close general resemblance to X. pro- meropirhynchus, from Colombia, four specimens of which are now before me. But the bill is much deeper, as well as less curved, the ramp much * X sclateri, sp. nov., described on pp. 6-7. 10 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES — RIDGWAY. more extensively chestnut, the throat whiter, and the belly much less distinctly spotted. The adult does not at all resemble X. promeropi- rhynchus.* Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (LEss. ). Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus (LEsS.), Rev. Zool., 1840, 270.—Larr., Rey. et Mag. f Zool., 1850, 99 (Colombia).—Sct., P. Z. 8., 1855, 142 (Bogota). Dendrocoptes promeropirhynchus RetcuH., Handb., 1, 1850, 190, pl. 536, fig. 3678. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus CAB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., 11, 1859, 36 (New Granada).—Scu., Cat. Am. B., 1861, 163 (Bogota ).—Scu. & SALv., Ex. Orn., 1,1869, 72 (part); Nom. Neotr., 1873, 68 (part). Picolaptes promeropirhynchus GRAY, Gen. B., 1, 1840, 140. Sp. CHAR.—Pileum bistre-brown, very narrowly streaked with light tawny; chin and throat dull light tawny or brownish-buff; rest of under parts raw umber-brown, broadly streaked with brownish-buff or light tawny, these streaks usually (?) with indistinct dusky margins; belly brownish-tawny, streaked with paler, and spotted with dusky. Bill dusky, smaller than in any other member of the genus ‘culmep not more than 2.00, usually much less). Hazs.—Colombia (vicinity of Bogota). Adult (No. 88457, Bogota; obtained from Count von Berlepsch).— Pileum deep bistre, this color gradually fading on hind-neck, back, scapulars, and lesser and middle wing-coverts into raw-umber brown, with a slight tawny tinge, the pileum and hind-neck very narrowly streaked with buff, the upper portion of the back with still narrower streaks of the same; lower back russet, deepening into chestnut on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail deep chestnut, the shafts brighter or redder, becoming darker basally; outer webs of greater and primary wing-coverts tawny brown or raw-umber, like back, their inner webs chestnut (a little lighter than tail), the outer webs of exterior primaries inclining to raw-umber, the terminal portion of inner webs of seven outer quills dusky brown. Lores, suborbital region, and auriculars buff, the latter sparsely streaked with dark brown, this more ex- tended along upper portion, producing an indistinct postocular stripe, bordered above by a stripe of broad buff streaks; malar region dark bistre marked with guttate streaks of buff. Chin dull brownish-white, deepening into brownish-buff on throat; rest of under parts raw-umber, becoming paler and more tawny on belly; the chest, breast, and anterior portion of sides rather broadly streaked { with buff, the belly with wider but less sharply defined serrated streaks margined on each side by a row of dusky spots; under tail-coverts mummy-brown, with pale tawny shaft-streaks; axillars and under wing-coverts tawny ochraceous, spotted *The young specimen was at first, before the description was published, made the type, on account of its fresher plumage. It was sent for examination to Dr. Sclater, who returned it with the observation that it was the same as X. promeropirhynchus. Had he seen the adult specimen, however, I am sure he would not have made this mistake. t Streaks about .08 wide anteriorly, but much narrower posteriorly and reduced to mere shaft-lines on sides. aoe. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1 with dusky. Bill blackish, horn-color, feet grayish-black. Length (skin), 10.50; wing, 5.60; tail, 5.50; culmen, 1.80; depth of bill at gony- deal angle, 235; tarsus, 1.2 (ie “seale toe, 1.10. Three adults from Bogota in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (Lawrence collection) are essentially similar, but have the streaks on lower parts broader and extending quite to the belly and flanks, and indistinetly margined along each side with dusky; the belly more heavily spotted with dusky or blackish; two of them having the under tail-coverts spotted. They measure as follows: : Depth of rast seoeel Wings. Tail. Culmen. bill at | Tarsus. gree oe angl | : (oe -| es = sates sali a. 10. 30 5. 70 5. 50 2. 00 | 30 1, 27 1.03 b. 9. 70 5. 35 5.15 SY), o) sa soSecose 1, 25 1.00 c. 10, 60 5. 60 5. 25 2.00 | 37 1. 25 1.10 | This species may very readily be distinguished from its allies by the very small, dark-colored bill (smaller than in any other member of the genus), and from all except XY. compressirostris Taczan., by the very deep coloration, with distinctly spotted belly. All the skins examined are of the well-known ‘“‘ Bogota” make. It is hardly possible to determine from the description (Rev. Zool., 1840, 270+) what species Lesson intended to describe under the name Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus, the uncertainty being rendered still greater by the fact that he gave no locality. Lafresnaye, however, re- described the species (Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1850, pp. 99, 100), and assigned to it the habitat ‘‘ Colombia” Gans frequens”); and, pre- suming that he had examined Lesson’s type, I follow the general cus- tom of identifying Lesson’s name with the Bogota bird. Xiphocolaptes virgatus, sp. nov. Sp. CHAR.—Most like X. promeropirhynchus (Less.), but paler and grayer on anterior upper parts, the back conspicuously streaked with pale buffy; under parts much less tawny, with stripes broader; bill stouter, light grayish horn-color, dusky only at base. HaB.—Unknown Adult (type in Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., without number, local- ity, or other data).— Pileum dull, dusky alive or olive-bistre, dis- * These measurements of total length are of course of Hae Sipe since they depend wholly on the “make” of the skins. t* Bill, .05™ (or 25 lines long), very compressed, arched, black. Top of head dead black, with an oblong spot of buff (‘‘rouille”) in the middle of each feather. Neck above and back reddish-olive, with a rufous yellow line in the middle of each feather. Wings, rump, and tail cinnamon. Chin white; front and sides of neck, thorax, and flanks yellowish-olive, with a longitudinal streak of yellowish-white in the center of each feather. Middle of belly with three to four series of black spots. Under [tail?] coverts rufous, spotted with black and with a light stripe in the middle. Tarsi black. Total length, .33™ (12 inches).” (Translation.) 12 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES——RIDGWAY. tinctly streaked with pale buffy (streaks about as wide as in X. promero- pirhynchus); hind-neck and back light olive-brown, narrowly but very distinctly streaked with pale buffy; lesser and middle wing-coverts and anterior scapulars similar, but the more anterior lesser coverts tinged with rusty; posterior scapulars, greater and primary coverts, and lower back plain raw-umber brown, becoming more russet posteriorly, the rump and upper tail-coverts inclining to rusty chestnut; tail chestnut (lighter than in X. promeropirhynchus), with shafts becoming blackish in middle portion; remiges and inner webs of primary and greater cov- erts dull cinnamon-rufous or light chestnut (much less bright than in X. promeropirhynchus), the outer webs of secondaries and five or six outer primaries washed or overlaid on edges with light raw-umber (appearing nearly uniform on the closed wing); inner webs of prima- ries dusky at tips, this color extending for about 1.50 inches on sec- ond quill, from which gradually but decidedly decreasing in extent toward innermost quill. Band on side of head from (and inelud- ing) lores beneath eyes and across lower half of auriculars light buff, the posterior portion sparsely streaked with dusky; upper portion of ear-coverts more broadly streaked with dusky, forming a broken postocular stripe; above this a stripe of pale buff extending from above the eyes to the occiput, broken by a few narrow, dusky streaks; malar region dusky brown, marked with longitudinal broad spots or streaks of light buff. Chin and upper throat pale buff, the latter with several dashes or irregular streaks of light olive-brown; fore-neck and sides of neck light olive-brown, broadly streaked with pale buff, the streaks on fore-neck margined laterally with dusky; chest, breast, and sides col- ored and marked like the fore-neck, but buff streaks broader (averag- ing about .15 of an inch) and more distinctly margined with blackish ; flanks raw-umber brown, less distinctly streaked; belly tawny-brown, marked with broad, serrated streaks of buff, margined on each side by a row of distinct black, deltoid spots; under tail-coverts somewhat similarly marked, but streaks more regular and spots much less dis- tinct; under wing-coverts ochraceous, with obliquely transverse spots or interrupted bars of blackish. Bill light grayish horn-color, dusky at base; legs and feet grayish black. Length (skin, neck stretched), 13.30; wing, 5.80; tail, 5.70; culmen, 2.00; depth of bill at gonydeal angle, .40; tarsus, 1.25; middle toe, 1.05. With almost exactly the pattern of coloration characterizing X. pro- meropirhynchus, this species has a closer general resemblance, on account of the prevalent olivaceous coloring, to X. albicollis; but the latter dif- fers conspicuously in the decided black ground-color of the pileum, very muck. narrower streaks on breast, ete., bars on abdomen, darker chestnut of the tail, and several other characters. It does not require comparison with any other species except X. ignotus, nobis, which is much more rufescent, has the stripes on the breast, etc., much less regular, the throat whiter, ete. erry PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13 Xiphocolaptes ignotus, sp. nov. Sp. CHAR.—Similar to XY. virgatus, but much more rufescent, streaks on pileum and hind-neck much narrower, those on breast, etc., much less regular, throat whiter, belly less distinctly spotted, and under tail-coverts barred with dusky. d “Has.—Ecuador. Young male (type, No. 5263, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Ecuador; Verreaux collection, No. 38684).—Pileum, hind-neck, back, and scapulars mummy- brown, the first two narrowly streaked with light brownish or tawny buff, the upper back with a few narrow shaft-lines of the same; wings (including lesser and middle coverts), lower back, rump, upper ur cov- erts, and tail, deep cinnamon-rufous or hazel, the outer webs of greater wing-coverts, primary coverts, and primaries more like the color of the’ back, and terminal portion of inner webs of six outer primaries dull dusky brown. Sides of head streaked with light buff and deep brown, the latter prevailing on upper portion of auricular region, the former predominating elsewhere; the two colors in about equal amount on malar region. Chin and upper throat plain dull white; rest of under parts light tawny-brown, the chest, breast, and sides broadly streaked with pale buff, each streak margined laterally with a blackish line; middle of lower breast with similar but more irregular streaks, with the blackish margin broken into spots, the belly similarly marked, but the paler streaks less defined and the general color more tawny; under tail-coverts broadly barred with blackish, the bars interrupted, how- ever, by a narrow pale tawny streak along the shaft of each feather. Bill horn-color, becoming brownish white at tip; legs and eee dusky horn-color. Length (mounted specimen), about 10.00; wing, 5.75; tail, 4,80; culmen, 1.87; depth of bill at gonydeal angle, .40 ; aie 1.25 middle toe, 1.12. The specimen described is undoubtedly a young bird, though fully grown, except perhaps as to the bill. The adult youll doubtless be somewhat different in plumage, but, judging from other species, could not be so much different as to render its identity with any other species with which it has been compared at all likely. Xiphocolaptes compressirostris TACZAN. ? Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Scu., P. Z. S., 1859, 140 (Pallatanga, Ecuador).— Sci. & SALv., P. Z. S., 1873, 780 (Huasampilla, Peru). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus? 'TACZAN., P. Z. S., 1879, 231 (Tambillo, Peru). Xiphocolaptes compressirostris TACZAN., P. Z. S., Jan. 3, 1882, 28 (Rayurmana and Tam- billo, N. BE. Pern); Orn. du Pérou, u, 1884, 172.—TaczaNn. and VON BERL., P. Z. S., 1885, 93 (San Rafael, Ecuador). HAs.—Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador. Sp. CHAR.—“ Similar to X. promeropirhynchus, but bill shorter, more compressed, and pallid; fulvous streaks of the pileum and hind-neck narrower; back unicolored; throat fulvous, with two longitudinal stripes 14 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. of brown; middle of belly broadly ochraceous, spotted with black; stripes of the breast margined with black lines; under tail-coverts brownish rusty, varied with black; wings and tail darker.” (TACZAN., P. Z. 8., 1882, 28; translation.) Adult male.-—“ Entirely similar to _X. promeropirhynchus, but differing in several details, particularly in the general coloration of the plumage being deeper; the rusty on the top of the head and neck much narrower, reduced to the shaft alone, and slightly enlarged on the barbels on the tip; the front part of the back would be almost unstriped did not the yel- lowish shafts of the feathers of this part produce some indication of stripes; throat uniform fulvous, crossed for whole length by two stripes formed by a series of brown spots; on the lower part of the throat, the breast, the upper abdomen, and the flanks rusty stripes, bordered on both sides by a well-defined black line; the middle of the abdomen mostly covered by feathers of an ochreous fulvous, of which each one is variegated by a series of black transverse stripes interrupted in the middle, so as to form a pronounced spotting; the under tail-coverts deeper and more rusty than the preceding [belly] and equally varie- gated with black; size somewhat larger [than X. promeropirhynchus], bill less long, more elevated and more compressed. Upper mandible of a horny-gray, with the tip black, lighter along the tomia, the lower one horn-blackish, passing gradually into plumbeous-gray towards the base; feet of an olive-plumbeous; iris deep brown. “Total length, 342-350" [13.42-13.78 inches]; extent, 458-460™™ [18.00-18.11 inches]; wing, 152™™" [5.94 inches]; tail, 135™™ [5.31 inches]; bill, 52™" [2.00 inches]; height of bill opposite nostrils, 12" [.47 inch]; length of tarsus, 32"" [1.25 inches]; external toe without claw, 28" [1.10 inches].” (TAczZAN., Orn. du Pérou, I, 1884, pp. 172, 173; trans- lation.) I refer with some doubt to this species a fine specimen from Guaya- quil, Ecuador, in the National Museum collection (No. 101287, 1854, Dr. William H. Jones, U. S. Navy). It agrees with the above descrip- tion so far as coloration is concerned, except that the back has narrow, pale, sbaft-streaks, and the throat has four instead of two brown stripes. But the bill, instead of being shorter and more compressed than in_X. promeropirhynchus, is longer and every way thicker, the culmen meas- uring 2.20, the depth at gonydeal angle .40, while it is also much more decurved. Should this bird prove to be distinct from X. compressirostris, it might be appropriately named X. saturatus ; and in view of the possibility of this proving to be the case, I append the following description: Adult (No. 101287, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1884; Dr. William H. Jones, U.S. Navy).—Pileum rather deep bistre (paler than in most examples of XY. promeropirhynchus), each feather with a very fine mesial line or Shaft-streak of buff; hind-neck and upper back similar, but rather lighter and brighter, with the streaks still narrower; scapulars, wing- Aes PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 coverts, and middle back Vandyke-brown; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and remiges deep chestnut, the inner webs of longer prima- ries with terminal portion abruptly dusky (for the distance of 1.50 on third quill); tail very dark chestnut or chocolate. Supra-auricular re- gion buff, streaked with deep brown; upper portion of auriculars deep brown narrowly streaked with brownish buff; a broad band of nearly plain buff on side of head, extending from lores beneath eyes over lower half, or more, of auriculars; beneath this a broad malar stripe of dark brown, streaked with buff; chin and throat dull buffy, the lower por- tion of the latter with several lines of dark brown; rest of lower parts deep raw-umber (inclining to burnt-umber laterally and posteriorly), the chest and breast very broadly streaked with buff, each buff streak mar- gined on each side by a narrower streak of black; whole belly spotted with black, the median portion of each feather deep buff; under tail- coverts lighter burnt-umber, less distinetly spotted with dusky and streaked with buffy or light rusty. Bill deep horn-color, strongly de- curved; feetdusky. Length (skin), 10.20; wing, 5.80; tail, 4.60; culmen, 2.20 (exposed part 1.90); bill from nostril, 1.55; depth of bill at angle of gonys, .40; tarsus, 1.28. Speaking of a “female from San Rafael [Ecuador] collected on the 1st of March,” Taczanowski (P. Z. 8., 1885, pp. 98, 99) says: This bird is intermediate between those collected in Peru and the X. promeropi- rhynchus (Less.) from New Granada, but more nearly allied to the former in many re- spects. It has the two brownish stripes on the throat well pronounced. The middle of the abdomen is equally strongly spotted in its whole extent up to the breast, on the middle of which, even, there are also some black spots. The bill is intermediate, almost as high as in the Peruvian birds, but not quite so compressed. It seems to be even broader than in the six birds from New Granada (museums of Warsaw and von Berlepseh), with which it has been compared. The color of the bill is also interme- diate, darker than that of the bill of the Peruvian bird, but not black as in X. pro- meropirhynchus. Xiphocolaptes cinnamomeus, sp. nov. Sp. CHAR.—Smallest of the genus (wing 5.20, tail 4.30). Pileum cin- namon-brown (not very different from color of the back), narrowly streaked with cinnamon-buffy ; lower parts light wood-brown, broadly streaked with pale dull buffy, the belly marked with small, rather in- distinct transverse spots of dull grayish-brown, the breast with a few similar markings; chin, upper throat, lores, supra-auricular stripe, and broader stripe beneath eyes, buff. Has.—Eastern Brazil (Bahia?). Adult (Type, No. 7868, Mus. Comp. Zool., ‘Bahia, Brazil; A. de Lacerda”*).—Pileum and hind-neck cinnamon-brown, each feather with a narrow and not very distinct mesial streak of pale cinnamon or cin- namon-buffy ; back and scapulars cinnamon-brown, tinged with rusty, the former with narrow shaft-streaks of pale cinnamon-buffy; lower ' * There is probably a mistake in the locality, the skin, a very perfect one, being of the unmistakable handsome, ‘‘make” of specimens from Cearé. 16 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. back, rump, and upper tail-coverts clear cinnamon-rufous; wings light cinnamon-rufous, outer webs of wing-coverts chiefly cinnamon-brown, and edges of remiges (except tertials and inner primaries) inclining to the same; tail deeper cinnamon-rufous, inclining to pale chestnut, the shafts of ten middle feathers blackish except towards tips. Lores, narrow supra-auricular stripe, and broader stripe from beneath eye across lower half of auriculars, plain dull buffy ; a postocular stripe (oc- cupying upper half of auriculars) and broad malar stripe dull cinnamon- brown, very indistinctly streaked with paler; chin and upper throat plain pale buffy; rest of under parts light wood-brown (or pale buffy cinnamon-brown), the lower throat, chest, breast, sides, and flanks, rather broadly streaked with pale buffy (streaks narrower on sides and flanks), some of the streaks, especially on breast, margined on each side with small spots of darker brown than the general color; belly with similar but more numerous spots, becoming nearly obsolete posteriorly ; under tail-coverts light cinnamon, streaked with pale buffy; axillars and under wing-coverts light ochraceous marked with narrow trans- verse spots of dusky. Upper mandible dark horn-color, fading into pale horn-color terminally; lower mandible pale horn-color, paler and more yellowish on gonydeal angle, dusky horn-color basally; legs and feet horu-dusky. Length (skin), 10.90; wing, 5.20; tail, 4.00; culmen, 2.00; depth of bill at gonydeal angle, .40; tarsus, 1.18; middle toe, 1.00. With the single exeeption of XY. major (Vieill.), this is by far the most strongly characterized species that I have seen, and scarcely needs comparison with any other. Xiphocolaptes major (VIEILL.). Dendrocopus major VrieIuu., Nouv. Dict., xxvi, 1818, 118 (Paraguay; ex Trapadore Grande AZARA); Enc. Méth., 1823, 624. Dendrocolaptes major BoNaAP., Consp., 1, 1850, 207.—LarFrR., Rev. et Mag. Zouvl., 1850, 103. Xiphocolaptes major VON BERL., J. f.0., Jan., 1887, 15 (Paraguay).—(?) SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, 359 (Tucuman, Arg. Rep.).—(?) WHITE, P. Z. S., 1882, 613 (Salta, Arg. Rep.).—(?) Sci. & Hupson, Arg. Orn., I, 18&8, 201 (part; Oran, Arg. Rep. ; not the description !). Dendrocolaptes rubiginosus LAFR., Mag. de Zool., 1833, Ois., pl]. 16 (Buenos Ayres; type examined!). Sp. Cuar.—Above clear cinnamon-rufous, much paler on head and neck and darker on tail; ear-coverts light chestnut; chin and throat pale cinnamon streaked with buffy whitish; other under parts deeper cinnamon, streaked with pale butfy, the sides, flanks, and under tail- coverts rusty. Has.—Paraguay and Argentine Republic. Adult male (No. 16327, Paraguay, June, 1859; Capt. T. J. Page, U. S. Navy).—Head and neck cinnamon-color, the chin and throat much paler and streaked with buffy; ear-coverts light chestnut; lores mixed dusky and dull buffy-whitish. Upper parts (except head and neck) clear cinnamon-rufous, deepening into chestnutontail, Under surface of body tinea rca | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ab: light cinnamon, tinged with rusty, streaked with pale buffy, the middle of the belly barred with brownish; sides, flanks, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts uearly uniform cinnamon-rufous orrusty. Bill horn- colored basally, horn-whitish on terminal half; legs and feet dusky.* Length (skin), 12.00; wing, 5.80; tail, 4.50; culmen, 2.32; tarsus, 1.30; middle toe, 1.07. The type of Dendrocolaptes rubiginosus Lafr., now before me, agrees closely in coloration with the specimen described above, and undoubt- edly belongs to the same species. It has the chin and throat a little paler, however, and the ear-coverts less distinctly chestnut, and the bill almost wholly horn-whitish. Length (mounted specimen), 11.50; wing, 6.00; tail, 4.80; culmen, 2.52; depth of bill at angle, .42; tarsus, 1.40; middle toe, 1.12. Speaking of specimens from Lambaré, Paraguay, Count von Berlepsch remarks as follows (J. f. O., 1887, 15): The female collected on the 8th of January has blackish edges on the tips of the feathers of the crown, of which markings the other female shows no trace. The other has conspicuously red-brown cheeks [auriculars] and seems to be an older, more highly-colored bird. This bird also agrees essentially with a specimen in my collection from Tucuman. It should be noted that in Vieillot’s description of this species is an important error, in the statement that the under parts are streaked with black, whereas they are streaked with whitish. Since Vieillot expressly says that all the other species of the genus are streaked with white, it would seem that the mistake is not a mere ‘slip of the pen,” thus ren- dering it probable that Azara himself, inadvertently perhaps, commit- ted the error. Xiphocolaptes major castaneus, subsp. nov. Xiphocolaptes major Scu., Cat. Am. B., 1861, 164 (Bolivia; nee Dendrocolaptes major VIEILL. ).—SCL. Se SALVA FX. OM., Pb. Vi, san., 1868, 71 (excl. syn.), pli .36 (Bolivia).—Scui. & Hupson, Arg. Orn., 1, 1888, 201, part (description). Sp. CHAR.—Similar to XY. major (Vieill.) of Paraguay and Argentina, but much deeper colored, especially on the head, neck, and under parts, the chin and throat dull russet-brown, instead of cinnamon-buify, the light streaks of breast. etc., much narrower, bars on belly obsolete, and under tail-coverts deep chestnut. HAB.—Bolivia. Adult female (type, No. 33648, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Piedra Blanca, Bolivia, April 20, 1886; H. H. Smith)—Head russet-brown (scarcely paler on chin and throat), the ear-coverts chestnut, and the lores dusky; hind-neck chestnut-russet, deepening into bright rufous-chestnut on other upper parts, the upper tail-coverts being deep chestnut and the tail dark chestnut, with dusky’shafts; feathers of pileum, hind-neck, upper back, chin, and throat with very narrow and indistinct paler shaft streaks. Color of the under parts gradually brightening from brownish-russet *“Trislight brown; beak pale slate, tip darker ; legs and feet olive-green.” (DURN- FORD, Ibis, 1880, 359.) Proc. N. M. 89——2 18 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. on the throat through deep russet on the under surface of the body, where strongly tinged with rusty chestnut to deep chestnut on the under tail-coverts; chest, breast, upper belly, and anterior portion of sides with narrow mesial streaks or shaft-streaks of pale tawny, the middle of the belly showing a few, hardly discernible, faint bars of dull brownish; axil- lars and under wing-coverts rufous-tawny. Bill horn-color, paler at tip and on tomia and gonys; legs and feet horn-dusky. Length (skin), 12.80; wing, 5.70; tail, 4.70; culmen, 2.20; depth of bill at angle, .38; tarsus, 1.30; middle toe, 1.08. There can be no doubt of the distinctness of the Bolivian bird from that of Paraguay and Buenos Ayres, at least as a well-marked geograph- ical race. The description and colored plate in the Exotic Ornithology, “taken from a specimen in Sclater’s collection, believed to be from Bolivia,” agree very closely with the example described above. The following species I have not seen: (1) Xiphocolaptes simpliciceps Larr. Dendrocolaptes simpliciceps ‘‘Pucheran et Lafresnaye, in Mus. Parisiense,” LAFR., Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, 100 (Yungas, Bolivia). Sp. CHAar.—“‘ Above immaculate olive-brown, the head and neck uni- colored; wing, rump, and tail cinnamon, the tail more intense; beneath same color as the back, but paler, the whole throat, superciliary stripe, another beneath the eyes, and extremely narrow oblong spots on the upper lateral portion of the head and on the breast, white, slightly tinged with ochraceous; middle of the belly and anal region paler, spotted with black, as if banded; the under wing-coverts yellowish ochraceous, distantly streaked with black ; remiges brown or chestnut, black at tips. ‘“ HABIT.—Yungas, collected by M. d’Orbigny.” (Lafr., l. ¢.; trans- lation.) The most obvious character of X. simpliciceps consists in the entire absence of streaks on the pileum and hind-neck, in which respect it differs from every other known species of the genus excepting the other- wise very different XY. major and X. castaneus ; otherwise it seems to agree quite nearly with XY. compressirostyis,* in which the streaks on the head and neck above are narrower than in allied species. (2) Xiphocolaptes lineatocephalus GRAY. Dendrocolaptes lineatocephaius GRAY, Gen. B., 1, 1847, pl. 43. Dendrocops lineatocephalus BONAP., Consp., 1, 1850, 207. Xiphocolaptes lineatocephalus Gray, Hand-l., 1, 1869, 176, No. 287. No description is given of this bird, neither is any labitat assigned to it. In the “ Hand-list,” however, the habitat is givenas Bolivia, while “ nromeropirhynchus, p., Sclat.” is given as a synonym. It is doubtless one of several forms included by some authors under the comprehensive * Lafresnaye (1. ¢.) compares it with X. promeropirhynchus, X. compressirostris being then unknown. eet PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. i9 specific title of promeropirhynchus, but is probably different from the Colombian bird to which the name properly belongs. Since the type is doubtless in the British Museum, it should be easy to ascertain its true status. (3) Xiphocolaptes procerus CaB. & HEINE. Xiphocolaptes procerus Cas. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., 0, Sept. 10, 1859, 36 (Caracas).— Sci.,Cat. Am. B., 1861, 163 (Venezuela).—Scu. & SALy., Ex. Orn., 1, 1869, 72; Nom. Neotr., 1873, 68. ? Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus SCL. & SALv., P. Z. S., 1868, 117 (Venezuela). Sp. CHAR.—“ Similar to the following [X. promeropirhynchus| but larger, paler, bill longer and pale horn-color, throat yellowish-white, immaculate, and streaks and spots of under parts more indistinct.— Potal leneth, 1” 6!" ; wing, 5! 11"; tars., 1/5 tail, 5”. “These specimens from Caracas seem to be intermediate, so to speak, between X. emigrans and X. promeropirhynchus. The head is lighter olive-brown, wing and tail lighter cinnamon-brown than in X. promero- pirhynchus, while in X. emigrans the contour feathers are still more olive and the markings on the belly almost entirely obsolete. Whether X. lineatocephalus Gray belongs to this or to the following species LX. pro- meropirhynchus| it is not possible to determine with certainty from the figure alone without description and locality.” (Cab. & Heine, Ll. ¢.; translation.) This species is unknown to me except from the above description. (4) Xiphocolaptes fortis HEINE. Xiphocolaptes fortis HEINE, J. f. O., May, 1360, 185 (hab. ignot.). Sp. CHAR.—“‘ The whole upper surface is exactly as in XY. procerus, to which, on the whele, it is most nearly related; but the wings and tail are somewhat darker cinnamon red-brown, and the head is a little lighter colored and lighter striped; the under side may almost be said to be red- brown, and does not show the slightest tinge of the olive-colored admixture So very prominent in _X. emigrans, less so in _X. procerus, and also entirely wanting in X. promeropirhynchus. The color of the throat is brownish- yellow, between the yellow of XY. procerus and the brownish of X. pro- meropirhynchus. The fore-neck is but very narrowly striped, almost more so than in X. emigrans. The blackish spot markings which in X. procerus aud X. promeropirhynchus almost extend over the whole breast, in the present species hardly take up more space than in X. emigrans, and hardly more distinct than in the latter species, and are restricted to the very middle of the belly. Total length, 12 inches; wing, 5! 8”, tail, 4’ 9’; culmen, 1’ 9”; tarsus, 1/1’; middle claw without claw, 1’ 1”; hind toe without claw, 5”. ‘Tt is tolerably intermediate between the three nearly related species, X. emigrans Scl., from Guatemala, XY. promeropirhynchus (Less.), from New Granada, and X. procerus Cab. & Heine, from Venezuela; and judging from this it might, perhaps, have come from Cartagena or Sta. 20 REVIEW OF THE GENUS XIPHOCOLAPTES—RIDGWAY. Marta. In size and coloration it reminds one particularly of the two latter. The stripes and spots of the under side are almost as obsolete as in the first mentioned, and the red-brown of the under side is almost as intense as in the Bogota bird, while the head is lighter than in all three.” (Heine, l. c.; translation.) This species would seem to be somewhat closely related to X. emi- grans costaricensis, but to differ in the more rusty hue of the less dis- tinctly streaked under parts and the lighter ground color of the pileum. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, June 29, 1889, A REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS OF SWAINSON. BY RosperT RipGway, Curator of the Department of Birds. The following attempt at a revision of the species of this difficult genus was brought about by the necessity of determining certain un- named specimens in the National Museum collection. It has proved a difficuit task, rendered particularly so by the confusion of synonyms which had to be unraveled, caused, in part, by the unnecessary ‘ lump- ing together” of forms which, on comparison of specimens, are found to be perfectly distinct, although it is probable some of them will re- quire a trinomial title when they shall have been found to intergrade with others. For the exact purposes of modern ornithological science it is necessary to recognize such forms by name, their habitat being as well defined as that of perfectly distinct species, and their distinctive characters often, within a given area, as marked. I have fortunately been able to examine a number of specimens kindly lent for the purpose by the authorities of the American Museum of Nat- ural History, in New York City, to whom my thanks are due, as well as to Dr. P. L. Sclater, of London (now engaged in the preparation of the catalogue of the birds of this family in the British Museum), for the loan of an example of S. albogularis (Swains.), from Venezuela. Genus Sclerurus SWAINSON. Sclerurus SWAINS., Zool. Jour., 1827, 356 (type, S. albogularis SWAINs). Scelurus BuRM., Th. Bras., 111, 1856, 45. Tinactor MAx., Beitr., 111, 1831, 1106 (type, T. fuscus Max.). Oxypyga MENETR., Mém. de l’Acad. St. Petersb., vi ser., Sci. Nat., 1, 1835, 519 (type, O. scansor MENETR.,—Myiothera wmbretta LIcuHT. ). GENERIC CHAR.—Similar to Furnarius, Vieill., but tail-feathers with very stiff, acuminate-pointed shafts, wing more rounded, tarsi shorter and much more compressed. Bill slender, nearly straight to near tip, where rather abruptly decurved ; nostrils exposed, oval, with small overhanging membrane; third, fourth, and fifth quills longest, the first shortest ; tail decidedly shorter than wing, much rounded or graduated ; tarsus about equal to exposed culmen (sometimes a little longer, some- times a little shorter), much compressed, distinctly scutellate ; middle toe (without claw) decidedly shorter than tarsus; lateral claws very un- equal in length (outer much the longer); hind toe very stout (about equal to the outer in length), with claw very large. Color: Plain Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 762. 21 22 REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS—RIDGWAY. brownish, the rump and upper tail-coverts usually more rusty, some- times bright chestnut ; under parts paler than upper, the throat some- times whitish ; no superciliary stripe, and inner webs of primaries uni- colored. RANGE.—Southern Mexico to Argentine Republic. KEY TO THE SPECIES. a', Lower rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut, distinctly different from color of back. b'. Chin and throat whitish or grayish, distinctly different from color of chest. cl, Chin and throat uniform dull white or grayish white, the feathers margined or tipped with dark grayish or dusky. Hab., Brazil, south of the AMAZON MAN GY se Fas cn Seles a es a eee S. umbretta (LIcHT.) (p. 22). ce. Chin and upper throat white, lower throat gray, the feathers without dis- tinct (if any) darker tips or margins. d'. Chest olive-tawny or raw-umber, the belly, etc., grayish olive ; upper parts olive, the lower rump and upper tail-coverts bright chestnut. Hab., Venezuela and Tobago...-........ S. albogularis (SWAINS.) (p. 24). @. Chest chestnut-brown or burnt-umber, the belly, etc., dull slate-color tinged with dark rusty ; upper parts dark umber- brown, the lower rump and upper tail-coverts dark chestnut. Hab., Costa Rica. S. canigularis RipGw. (p. 24). b2, Chin and throat bright russet or rufous-tawny, like color of chest. Hab., South- ern Mexico to Peru and Lower Amazons..-.S. mexicanus SCL. (p. 25). a?, Lower rump and upper tail-coverts similar in color to back, or only slightly more rufescent. bl. Chin and throat tawny or russet, like chest. Hab., Guiana: S. caudacutus (VIFILL.) (p. 27). b?. Chin and upper throat with basal portion of feathers whitish or very pale brownish, their tips or terminal margins dark brown or dusky. c!, Genera! color umber or sepia brown. d@'. Throat brown, with basal portion of feathers dull brownish-white or pale brownish. Hab., Upper Amazons..-.--.---- S. fuscus (MAX.) (p. 28). d@. Chin and upper throat white, the feathers tipped or margined with brown or dusky. el, Chest without spots or distinct streaks of tawny, and general coloration lighter brown. f'. General color deep chocolate-brown ; smaller (wing, 3.30-3.46 ; tail, 2.10- PESO ea lritie Clo! Koya WEA sooo oaeo cosas eeeeee S. brunneus SCL. (p. 29). 72, General color vandyke-brown, more olivaceous on under parts, the sides of head and neck and upper chest brownish-tawny : larger (wing, 3.95; tail, 3.10). Hab., Eastern Brazil (Bahia). S. lawrencei RIDGW. (p. 29). e, Chest with distinct spots or streaks of tawny, and general color much darker brown. Hab., Southern Mexico to Panama. S. guatemalensis HARTL. (p. 80.) c?, General color olivaceous. Hab., Western Pern...-.. S. olivascens CAB. (p.31). Sclerurus umbretta (LICHT.). ' Myjiothera umbretta Licut., Verz. Doubl., 1823, 43, No. 471 (Bahia). Myioturdus umbretta MENETR., Mém. de lAcad. St. Petersb., v1 ser., Sci. Nat., 1, 1835, 468 (Bahia). Formicartus umbrettus GRAY, Gen. B., 1, 1840, 211. Sclerurus umbretta Scr. & Satv., Nom. Neotr., 1873, 62.—Sci. & Hups., Arg. Orn., 1, 1888, 174 (Misiones, Arg. Rep.). yor 23 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23 Myothera caudacuta LAFR., Mag. de Zool., 1833, pl. 10 (Brazil; nee Thamophilus cauda- cutus VIEILL. ) Sclerurus caudacutus BURM., Verz. Mus. Hal. ——, 45; Th. Bras., 111, 1856, 45 (New Freiburg; ‘Scelurus”).—CaB., Mus. Hein., 1, 1859, 25 (Brazil; excl. syn. al- bogularis Sw.).—Scu., Cat. Am. B., 1861, 149 (Brazil; excl. syn. pt.).—PELZz., Orn. Bras., 11 Arb., 1869, 86 (Registro do Sai, Rio August, Ypanema, and Borba).—WuiTE, P. Z. S., 1882, 610 (Misiones, Arg. Rep.).—Taczan., Orn, du Pérou, 1, 1884, 114 (Peru, ex TscHuDI). Oxypuga scansor MENETR., Mém. Ac. St. Petersb., vi ser., Sci. Nat., 1, 1835, 520, pl. 11, (Rio de Janeiro and Minas Geraes). Tinactor fuscus Max., Beitr., m1, 1831, 1106 (part; female only !). Sp. CHAR.—Above clear brown, becoming bright chestnut on rump and upper tail-coverts; beneath paler, more olive, brown, becoming bright russet on chest (where usually paler shaft-streaks), the throat whitish, with dull brownish margins to feathers; tail dusky. Hazs.—Brazil, south of the Amazon; west to eastern Peru. Adult male (No. 32796, Brazil; Ed. Verreaux).—Above clear mummy- brown, duller (more bistre) on pileum, the rump and upper tail-coverts bright chestnut; wing-coverts margined with rusty brown; tail choco- late-brown basally, deepening towards tip into brownish black. Sides of head similar to pileum, but slightly paler; chin and upper throat dull brownish- white, the feathers indistinctly margined with brownish; lower throat light tawny-brown, the feathers with paler shaft-streaks; chest bright russet, with similar lighter shaft-streaks; other under parts olive- brown or raw-umber, tinged with brighter brown on sides and flanks and changing to more ruddy brown, or light burnt-umber, on lower tail- coverts. Bill dusky brown, the basal balf of under mandible paler; feet dusky brown. Length (skin), 7.70; wing, 3.85; tail, 3.30; exposed cul- men, .90; tarsus, .90; middle toe, .75. _ Adult female (No, 32795, Brazil; Verreaux).—Similar to the male de- scribed above, but smaller. Length (skin), 6.70; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.80; exposed culmen, .90; tarsus; .90; middle toe, .72. There are before me nine examples of this species, six of which have no more definite locality attached to them than * Brazil,” while one of them has no indication whatever of locality. The other two are, respect- ively, from Rio Grande do Sul (No. 88453, U. S. Nat. Mus., H. von Jaering, collector), and Chapada, Matto Grosso (No. 33762, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., H. H. Smith, collector). Tinactor fuscus Max., which is quite universally cited as a synonym of Myiothera umbretta Licht., is soin part only. The two types, belong- ing to the American Museum of Natural History, are now before me, and are evidently the identical specimens from which the descriptions in the *“‘Beitriige” were taken. The specimen described as the female is ‘true S. wnbretta, but that described as the male is identical with the Rio Napo bird, identified by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin with S. brunneus Sel., and if not really the latter must stand as a distinct form, S. fuscus Max. (See remarks under S. fuscus, on page 28.) 24 REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS—RIDGWAY. S. umbretta is a strongly characterized species, easily distinguished from its nearest allies by the combination of bright chestnut ramp and upper tail-coverts, with bright russet or tawny-rufous chest and olive- brown under parts, and is apparently entirely confined to Brazil south of the Amazon. Sclerurus albogularis SwaAIns. Sclerurus albogularis Swatns., B. Bras., 1834~41, pl. 87; Zool. Jour., 1827.—Jarp., Ann. and Mag. N. H., xrx, 1847, 80 (Tobago).—ScL. & SALv., P. Z. S., 1868, 627, 630 (Venezuela). Sp. CHAR.—Somewhat like S. wmbretta, but lower throat plain light gray, upper throat and chin dull white, without distinct squamations, chest olive-tawny, and other under parts dull grayish olive. Has.—Venezuela and Tobago. Adult (coll. P. L. Sclater, Venezuela, 1868; Goering).—Pileum and hind-neck, brownish olive; back similar, but slightly browner, becoming clear bistre posteriorly and changing to bright chestnut on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail dull brownish black, browner basally, especially on edges of the feathers. Chin and upper throat dull white, some of the feathers with very faint darker margins; lower throat plain dull light gray, the cheeks similar, but tinged with olive-brown; chest tawny- olive, approaching raw-umber; rest of under parts grayish olive, the under tail-coverts rusty brown (intermediate between vandyke-brown and burnt-umber). Upper mandible black, the tip and edges brown- ish; lower mandible with basal half whitish, terminal half brownish ; legs and feet dusky brown. Length (skin), 6.50; wing, 3.40; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, .80; tarsus, .85; middle toe, .77. A specimen in the U.S. National Museum collection from Tobago (No. 74884, April, F. A. Ober) agrees exactly in coloration with the Ven- ezuela specimen described above. It measures as follows: Length be- fore skinning, 7.25; skin, 6.30; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.50; exposed culmen, .82; tarsus, .80; middle toe, .70. Sclerurus canigularis, RipGw. Sclerurus canigularis RipGw., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,. xi, 1889, 542. Sp. Cuar.—Somewhat like S. wnbretta (Licht.), but much smaller and darker in color, the chest dark chestnut and the throat, abruptly, deep dull ash gray, fading into grayish white anteriorly. H1aBs.—Costa Rica. Adult male (type, No. 115038, U. 8. Nat. Mus., Turrialba, Costa Rica, August, 1886; J. J. Cooper).—Prevailing color of upper parts plain dark sooty brown, overlaid on hind-neck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials, with a wash of burnt-umber, this changing to dark chest-— nut on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail brownish black. Sides of head dull grayish brown, this changing gradually to dull grayish white on chin and upper throat and to dull ash gray on lower throat; chest deep chestnut brown (abruptly defined against gray of throat), this changing or er PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25 gradually into dull dark sooty brown on rest of under parts; lower tail-coverts tinged with dark chestnut. Upper mandible black, lower chiefly light colored; legs and feet brownish black. Length (skin), 6.00; wing, 3.45; tail, 2.55; exposed culmen, .85; tarsus, .85. Since the above was written I have received a specimen of S. albogu- laris Sel. from Dr. P. L. Sclater, who writes me that my S. canigularis, the type of which was submitted to him for examination, is the same species. I can not, however, see why he should hold this view, since, placing side by side the type of S. canigularis, Dr. Sclater’s S. albigu- laris (from Venezuela), and any one of several specimens of S. wm- bretta (Light.) (from Brazil), it is at a glance obvious that S. canigularis is much more different from S, albigularis than the latter is from S. umbretta, though the two latter are distinct enough. S. canigularis is altogether a darker-colorea bird than S. albogularis, of which the U.S. National Museum possesses an example from Tobago (No. 74884, F. A. Ober, collector), agreeing very closely with Dr. Scla- ter’s Venezuelan specimen. The differential characters of the three species may be expressed as follows: a, Feathers of throat tipped or broadly margined with olive-brownish. Under parts light bistre-brown, tinged with olive, becoming russet-brown on CHESt May EOD eS LAZlliets avons ia- yaiae see ean Shae Scere asicac noose S. umbretta. a?, Feathers of throat without brownish tips or margins. b!. Under parts dull grayish olive, becoming tawny-olive on chest; back and scap- ulars bistre-brown tinged with olive ; lower half of throat dull light gray; upper half, including chin, dull white. Hab. Venezuela and Tobago. S. albogularis. b2, Under parts dark slaty, tinged, on tips of some feathers, with bright mummy- brown, the chest deep burnt-umber brown; lower half of throat deep gray- ish; upper half, including chin, paler, but scarcely approaching white; back and scapulars deep vandyke-brown. Hab. Costa Rica.--....-.. S. canigularis. Sclerurus mexicanus SCL. ? Sclerurus ruficollis SWAINS., ‘‘ Birds Braz.,” 1 [ ‘‘ 1834-1841” ], Tb. 79. Sclerurus mexicanus SCL., P. Z. 8., August 8, 1856, 290 (Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico) ; 1859, 365 (Jalapa) ; 1864, 175 (city of Mexico); Cat. Am. B., 1861, 149 (Cor- dova, Mexico; Coban, Guat.).—Sci. & SALV., Ibis, 1860, 35 (Coban) ; P. Z. S., 1867, 574 (Capim R., Lower Amazon), 750 (Yurimaguas and Chyavetas, E. Peru); Nom. Neotr., 1873, 62 (Mexico to Amazonia).—Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y., vit, 1862, 465 (Panama).—SaLvin, P. Z. 8., 1867, 14 (Veragua).—Sum- 1cHrR., Mem. Bost. Soc.,1, 1869, 555 (Vera Cruz).—Taczan., Orn. du Pérou, I, 1884, 115 (Yurimaguas). Sclerurus Fautemulansia (sic) Lawr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vu, i May, 1863, 4 (Isth. Panama).* * This reference of Mr. bawronce’ 5S: Gidianas nsis is made on the stron ath of his having previously mentioned the specimen to which it refers (under name of S. mexi- canus) as having a rufous throat, which at once distinguishes S. mexicanus from S. guatemalensis. What is probably the very same specimen is now before me and is labeled in Mr. Lawrence’s handwriting ‘‘ Sclerurus gautimalensis.” Its locality is Lion Hill, near Aspinwall (No. 41585, U.S. Nat. Mus.). 26 REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS—RIDGWAY. ? Sclerurus rufigularis PEuLz., Orn. Bras., m1 Arb., 1869, 161 (Maribatanas; ex ‘ Ti- nactor rufigularis Natterer Catal. msc.”’).* Sp. CHar.—Above plain deep brown, duller (bistre) on head, chang- ing to bright chestnut on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail dusky ; throat and chest tawny or tawny-chestnut, the chin sometimes paler; rest of under parts similar to back, ete., but rather paler. Length (skin), about 6.00. MHaB.—Southern Mexico to Eastern Peru and Lower Amazons; Bahia? Adult male (No. 42144, Protrero, Vera Cruz, February 20, 1866; F. Sumichrast).—Above bistre-brown, duller anteriorly, brighter on lower back, and changing to chestnut on rump and upper tail-coverts ; tail dusky ordull blackish brown terminally, more brown basally, the feathers edged, except near tips, with the color of the lower back; edges of greater wing-covert and secondaries more rusty brown than back. Throat light russet or rusty cinnamon (chin paler), deepening on chest and upper breast into chestnut-russet ; rest of under parts plain brown (intermediate between mummy-brown and bistre), the under tail coverts more rusty. Upper mandible blackish brown, lower pale brownish or brownish white, becoming dusky terminally ; tarsi clear brownish, toes darker. Length (skin), 6.00; wing, 3.15; tail, 2.40; exposed culmen, 95; tarsus, .85; middle toe, .70. Adult female (No. 42120, Mirador, Vera Cruz; C. Sartorius).—Similar to the male described above, but colors brighter, the entire throat, chest, and breast bright chestnut-tawny, lower parts more tinged with the same, and chestnut of rump and upper tail-coverts brighter. Length (skin), 5.90; wing, 3.20; tail, 2.40; exposed culmen, .95; tarsus, .80; middle toe, .70. Immature male (coil. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,t Panama, 1862; J. Mc- Leannan).—Similar to adults, but colors rather duller, especially on the throat and chest, where the color is paler or more tawny, some of the feathers with very indistinct duil brownish tips or margins and paler shaft-streaks. An adult (sex not determined) from Guatemala (No. 30771, Coban, Vera Paz, March, 1860; O. Salvin), is much deeper colored than either of the Mexican skins described above, the upper parts being a very deep vandyke-brown, and the throat a bright chestnut. Length (skin), 5.90; wing, 3.20; tail, 2.35; exposed culmen, .88; tarsus, .80; middle toe; .72. An adult male from the Isthmus of Panama (No. 41585, Lion Hill, near Aspinwall, J. MeLeannan) is almost identical with the preceding in coloration, but is somewhat smaller, measuring as follows: Length *Brunneus, dorso inferiore rufescente, gula et collo superiore ochraceis, pectore ferrugineo lavato, canda nigrescente. Longit. (specim,. exsicc.) 6/’, ale 3” 1/’, cau- dz 2’ 3'", rostri a rictu 11’, tars. 94/, (PELZz., l.c.) + Lawrence collection. ia Se PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27 (skin), 5.60; wing, 3.10; tail, 2.35; exposed culinen (bill broken); tar- sus, .85; middle toe, .72. A specimen said to be from Bahia, in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History (Lawrence collection), agrees exactly in all essential features with the Panama and Guatemala specimens men- tioned above. It measures as follows: Length (skin), 6.55; wing, 3.40; tail, 2.70; exposed culmen, .85; tarsus, .88; middle toe, .75. I have been unable to refer to the “‘ Birds of Brazil” in order to ascer- tain whether the Sclerwrus ruficollis of Swainson is the same as this spe- cies; but a specimen in the Lafrasnaye collection (No. 2323 ter.), kindly lent to me by the authorities of the Boston Society of Natural History, labeled “ Sclerurus rujicollis Swains., Brazil,” is so much like examples of S. mexicanus that I can not distinguish it satisfactorily. The only differences that I am able to find consist in the shorter bill (the exposed culmen measuring only .82 against .90-1.60 in Central American speci- mens), and rather lighter color of the pileuam and hind-neck; but these differences are so slight that I am not inclined to regard them as of any importance or as representing more than a moderate extent of individ- ual variation. , Sclerurus caudacutus (VIEILL.). Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILL., Nouv. Dict., m1, 1816, 310 (Guiana); Ene. Méth., 1823, 742. ? Myiothera caudacuta Larr., Mag. de Zool., 1833, pl. 10.—GRay, Gen. B., 1, 1846, 210. Sclerurus caudacutus BONAP., Consp., 1, 1850, 210.—Sci. & SaLv., P. Z. S., 1867, 573 (Capim R., Lower Amazon); Nom. Neotr., 1873, 62 (part).—SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, 419 (Br. Guiana). ? Sclerurus caudacutus, var., PELZ., Orn. Bras., 11 Arb., 1869, 66* (Maribatanas). Sp. CHAR.—Plain vandyke-brown, rather lighter beneath, where be- coming russet on chest and tawny or ochraceous on throat; rump and upper tail-coverts more ruddy brown or burnt-umber; tail dusky brown. Has.—Guiana and Lower Amazons. Adult (specimen in Lawrence collection, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., from Cayenne).—Above uniform clear vandyke-vrown, becoming chestnut- brown or burnt-umber on rump and upper tail-coverts; tail dusky brown, lighter basally ; sides of head and neck, chest, and lower throat russet-brown, the under surface of the body, including under tail-cov- erts, similar in color to back, but paler, more of a mummy-brown hue. (Upper throat and chin apparently tawny or ochraceous, but the feathers of these parts wanting.) Bill brownish black, the basal half of the lower mandible brownish whitish ; legs and feet brown. Length (skin), *“A female and a male (from Maribatanas, April, 1831) are very similar to Scleru- rus caudacutus, though somewhat smaller (but not so small, however, as those of No. 999 [S. rufigularis]); the tail is shorter, lower back brown like upper back, only the upper tail-coverts somewhat reddish-brown (S. caudacutus has the lower back and upper tail-coverts dark rust-colored), and the upper breast hardly a trace of ochre.” (PELZ., 1. c.; translation. ) 28 REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS—RIDGWAY. 6.70; wing, 3.75; tail, 2.90; tarsus, .87; middle toe,.75. (Bill with tip broken.) Sclerurus fuscus (Max.). Tinactor fuscus Max., Beitr., 11, 1831, 1106 (part; male, but not female). ? Sclerurus caudacutus SCL. & Sary., P. Z. S., 1867, 750 (Yurimaguas and Chyavetas, E. Peru.) Sp. Cuar.—Uniform vandyke or mummy brown, slightly paler and more tawny on sides of head and neck and under portions of the same, and slightly more rufescent on rump and upper tail-coverts; feathers of chin and upper throat indistinctly paler basally. Has.—Upper Amazons. Adult male (No. 6807, American Mus. Nat. Hist.; type of Yinactor fuscus Max.!)—Uniform bright vandyke-brown, inclining to mummy- brown on under parts, the rump and upper tail-coverts inclining to burnt-umber, and the forehead, sides of head and neck (especially on malar region) lighter and more tawny, this color extending indistinctly around hind-reck ; chin and upper throat dull brownish white, but this nearly hidden by broad brown tips to the feathers; lower throat and chest mummy-brown, like under parts of the body, but slightly tinged or mixed with tawny. Tail dark dull brown, less dusky toward base, especially on edge of feathers. Upper mandible with basal half blackish, terminal half and entire edge brownish; lower mandible whitish, brown- ish terminally. Length (mounted specimen), 6.50; wing, 3.55; tail, 2.90; exposed culmen, .50. Young male (No. 32797, Rio Napo; maison Verreaux).—Uniform van- dyke-brown, becoming burnt-umber on lower rump and upper tail cov- erts, lighter vandyke-brown, or almost mummy-brown, on chest, the throat and sides of head still slightly paler, the feathers of chin and upper throat pale brownish or dull brownish white basally ; tail blackish brown terminally, more brown basally and on edge of feathers. Upper mandible brownish black, browner terminally and on edges; lower man- dible dusky brown, paler at base; legs and feet dusky brown. Length (skin), 7.40; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.75; exposed culmen, .80; tarsus, .87 ; middle toe, .75. The type of Tinactor fuscus Max., described above, is certainly spe- cifically identical with the immature Rio Napo skin labeied by Ver- reaux ‘ Sclerurus brunneus SCL., juv. ¢.” In fact, the two are abso- lutely alike in coloration, though the difference in the texture of the plumage shows at once that one is an adult and the other a young bird. While there is considerable resemblance to S. brunneus SCL., the size is considerably greater, and there is no admixture of white on the throat, the latter showing distinctly even in a young bird of S. brun- neus, from the Rio Ingador, Colombia. (See remarks on the latter, p. 29.) The specimnen described by Maximilian as the female of T. fuscus (Beitr., 111, p. 1109) is a typical specimen of S. wumbretta, and was prob- ably from a different locality. Unfortunately Prince Maximilian does mee | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29 not specify the localities where his specimens were obtained, merely remarking that he obtained 7. fuscus (including, of course, both species under this name) first in the forests of the river Itabapuana, between the parallels of 219 and 22° south latitude, apparently a tributary of the Paraguay, and afterwards in the forests of the river Belmonte, in Eastern Brazil (province of Minas Geraes). If he met with these birds at only these two localities and obtained only the two specimens which formed part of his collection, it seems very probable that the type of T. fuscus came from the former locality, thus considerably extending the range of the species. Sclerurus brunneus SCL. Sclerurus brunneus Scu., P. Z. S., 1857, 17 (Bogota); (?) 1858, 62 (Rio Napo) ; Cat. Am. B., 1862, 149 (part).—SaLvi, Ibis, 1885, 419. Sp. CHAR.—Uniform reddish-brown or chocolate, the chin and upper throat white with brown or dusky margins to the feathers.* Has.—Colombia. Young (No. 17505, Mus. Comp. Zool., Rio Ingador, near Pacific coast, Colombia; A. Schott).—Prevailing color deep chocolate-brown, the under parts paler and duller (intermediate between light vandyke- brown and bistre); tail brownish-black; feathers of chin and upper throat white, broadly margined with blackish-brown; chest tinged with burnt-umber, the feathers with indistinct shaft-streaks of pale tawny. Wing, 3.30; tail, 2.30; exposed culmen, .77; tarsus, .83; middle toe, ole I have not seen an adult specimen of this species, which Mr. Salvin regards as valid (¢f. Ibis, 1885, p. 419), which opinion is certainly de- cidedly indicated by the single immature example now before me. Ac- cording to Dr. Sclater (P. Z. 8., 1857, p. 18), it differs from its nearest allies as follows: “From S. caudacutus of Brazil [i. e, S. wmbretta (Licht.)| and S. mexicanus * * * of Mexico and Guatemala it dif- fers in the want of the bright rufous coloring in the rump and fore- neck. in this respect it would seem to resemble Hartlaub’s S. guate- malensis * * * but that bird is said to be of the size of S. caudacu- tus, to which the present species is inferior in dimensions.” Sclerurus lawrencei, sp. nov. Sp. CHAR.—Similar to S. guatemalensis (Hartl.), but much larger (wing, nearly 4.00; tail, 3.00 or more); the coloration of lower parts in the adult exactly as in the young of that species. Has.—* Bahia” (but locality probably erroneous). Adult female (Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., “ Bahia”; Lawrence collec- tion).—Above, warm bistre-brown, changing to burnt-umber on rump * The Peace Reeuiied: in Ce original description, freely ney ap are as fol- lows: ‘“‘Above, brown tinged with cinnamon; beneath, slightly paler; throat mixed with white; wings and tail-feathers with inner webs blackish, external margins sim- ilar in color to the back; bill black, the base yellowish; feet black. Total length, 6.00; wing, 3.40; tail, 2.10.” 30 REVIEW OF THE GENUS SCLERURUS—RIDGWAY. and upper tail-coverts; tail brownish-black, browner at base; sides of head and neck light cinnamon-brown, indistinctly clouded or broken by dark, duller brown; chin and throat white, the feathers indistinctly margined with dull brown; chest dull tawny-brown (much like color of malar region and sides of neck), gradually changing into light bistre, tinged with raw-umber on other under parts. Bill dusky, with lower mandible chiefly pale brownish; legs and feet dusky brown. Length (skin), 7.30; wing, 3.95; tail, 3.10; exposed culmen, .80; tarsus, .93; middle toe, .78. This species, of which I have seen only the specimen described above, differs from S. umbretta in the brown instead of bright-chestnut color of the rump and upper tail-coverts, absence of reddish-brown on chest, and more distinctly white throat. It is also larger, though some specimens referred to S. wmbretta approach it very closely in size. Sclerurus guatemalensis (HARTL.) Tinactor quatemalensis HaRTL., Rev. Zool., 1844, 370. Sclerurus guatemalensis Sci. & Sarv., P. Z.S8., 1864, 354 (Panama) ; Nom. Neotr., 1873, 62 (Guatemala). Scleurus [sic] caudacutus (Vre1Lu.) LAwre., Ann. Lye. N. Y., vir, 1861, 320 (Panama; nec Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILL. ). Sp. CHAR.—Similar to S. wnbretta (Light.), but darker, with rump and upper tail-coverts deep vandyke or bistre brown instead of bright chestnut, feathers of throat much more distinctly margined with dusky, and chest much less russet, as well as (usually) streaked or flecked with light tawny. HAB.—Guatemala to Isthmus of Panama. Adult male (No. 116589, Jiménez, Costa Rica, April, 1886; Anastasio Alfaro).—A bove uniform very deep vandyke-brown, somewhat brighter on wings and upper tail-coverts; tail brownish black. Chin and throat white, the feathers broadly margined with dusky; rest of under parts bistre or sepia, brighter on chest, where feathers have a central space (including shaft-streak) of light tawny. Bill blackish, basal half of lower mandible whitish; feet blackish brown. Length (skin), 6.60; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.60; exposed culmen, .85; tarsus, .90; middle toe, .75. Adult female (No. 64822, Sibuhue, Talamanca, Costa Rica, May, 1873; J. C. Zeledon).—Similar in plumage to the male, as described above. Length (skin), 6.20; wing, 3.50; tail, 2.60; exposed culmen (bill broken); tarsus, .87; middle toe, .75. Young female (Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Panama, 1862; J. McLean- nan).*—Simnilar to the adult, but under parts much more uniform, the white of throat duller and with much less distinct squamations, the chest uniform mummy-brown, with only a few fine shaft-streaks of paler. In addition to-the three specimens described above, there are now be- fore me a young female in transition plumage from Panama (No. 53806, McLeannan) and an adult male and two young birds (one a inale) from * Lawrence collection. eee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ol Costa Rica, belonging to the Costa Rica National Museum. These show a considerable amount of individual variation, the two young birds from Costa Rica being particularly unlike, one resembling the Panama spec- imen described, though considerably darker above and less tinged with tawny beneath, while the other (No. 2334, male, San Carlos, December 25, 1888, A. Alfaro) is very much darker throughout, the under parts being mainly of a dark sepia-brown. Sclerurus olivascens CABANIS. Sclerurus olivascens CaB., Jour. fiir Orn., Jan., 1873, 67 (Monterico, W. Peru).—Tac- ZAN., P. Z. S., 1874, 526 (Monterico) ; Orn. du Pérou, 11, 1884, 115. HABs.—Western Peru. Sp. CHAR.*—“ Nearly uniform olive-brown; the breast more olive; throat whitish, undulated with olive; tail black.” (Taczan., Orn. du . Pérou, 11, 1884, 115; translation.) “ Female adult.—General plumage of a dusky fuliginous-olive, the olive clearer on the under parts, especially on the breast; middle of the throat whitish, undulated with olive. Wings of the same color as the back; tail blackish. Bill brown, the lower mandible paler, whitish un- derneath; feet brown; iris deep brown. “Length of the wing, 95; tail, 70; bill, 24; tarsus, 23 millimeters.” ‘‘ OBSERVATIONS.—A form similar to the preceding [S. wmbretta], the bill shorter and straighter, the general color more uniform, the rump concolor with the back.” (Taczanowski, |. c.; translation.) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, June 29, 1889. * The original description, by Cabanis (1. ¢.), translated, is as follows: ‘‘ In general resembling the Brazilian Sc. wumbretta, with somewhat longer wings (94™™). It differs in coloring by the want of the brownish red rump, which is uniformly colored with the other upper parts. The rusty reddish tinge to the whole plumage is replaced by a brownish olive color. Throat mixed with whitish. Hab. Monterico. Female. The male is still unknown. The female is characterized in all the species by the whitish throat. Inthe Brazilian S. umbretta the male has arusty red throat. Sc. ruficollis Sws., which Gray considers identical with S. mexicanus, is the male of S. umbretta. On the other hand, the very similarly colored mexicanus is to be considered as the male of a somewhat smaller variety.” It may be remarked regarding the alleged sexual differences in color that, so far as IT am aware, no other author appears to hold views similar to those expressed by Pro- fessor Cabanis. The circumstance that S. mexicanus inhabits the combined areas of several other species is of itself sufficient to disprove them, while even more convinc- ing is the fact that in the series of specimens of the two Middle American species (S. mexicanus and S. guatemalensis), both sexes, according to the determinations of the collectors, are represented in each. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES FROM THE LOWER CAMBRIAN OR OLENELLUS ZONE OF NORTH AMERICA.* BY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, Honorary Curator of the Department of Invertebrate Fossils. The types of the new genera and species described in this paper are in the collection of the National Museum, and may be identified by the Museum catalogue number given with the description of each species. The illustrations of the species will be published in the Tenth Annual Report of the Director of the U. 8S. Geological Survey for the year ending June 30, 1889. CORALS. It has been an open question for many years whether the forms referred to the genus Archwocyathus, Billings, were corals or sponges (see Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Survey, No. 50, 1886, p. 78-80). Dr. G. J. Hinde has recently reviewed the genera and species,t and concluded that “the Archwocyathine form a special family of the Zoantharia sclero- dermata, in some features allied to the group of perforate corals.” Although previously inclined to consider the forms under notice sponges, I am now of the opinion that Dr. Hinde is more nearly correct in refer- ring them to the corals. Protopharetra BORNEMANN. See Geol. Zeitschr., 1883, p. 274. Protopharetra sp. ? This is a form related to P. polymorpha Bornemann.t It varies in form of growth from round stems to flattened fronds, in which the structure is very irregular. It is an open question if Spirocyathus atlanticus is not generically identical with Protopharetra. LocaALity.—Silver Peak, Nevada. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 15303. Spirocyathus HINDE. See Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, 1889, vol. 35, p. 136. This genus is proposed to include the original type of the genus Archeocyathus, Billings. As the change to another type was made *Read before the Biological Society of Washington, June 1, 1889. t Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, vol. 45, 1889, pp. 125-148, pl. 5. t Nova Acta Leop. Carol., Deutsche Acad. Naturforscher, vol. 51, pt, 1, 1856. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 763, Proc. N. M. 89——3 33 od LOWER CAMBRIAN FOSSILS—WALCOTT. by Mr. Billings and no good result can now come from urging the use of the name Archwocyathus, as originally proposed, it appears best to accept Dr. Hinde’s generic name. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 1468. Coscinocyathus BORNEMANN. See Zeitschr. d. deutsch, geol. Gesellsch., 1£84, p. 704. Coscinocyathus billingsi Walcott. Archeocyathus billingsi Walcott, 1886. See Bull. U.S, Geol. Survey, No. 30, p. 74. By the subdivision of the genus Archocyathus this species is re- ferred to Coscinocyathus. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 15302. Archeocyathus (A.) dwighti sp. nov. This species differs from A. (A.) rensselaericus in having in the outer wall a double row of pores and then a raised space upon which no pores have been detected. Interior structure unknown. LocaLities.—Troy, N. Y., and near School-house No. 8, Greenwich, Washington County, New York. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18352. Ethmophyllum meeki sp. nov. This form differs from EH. whitneyi, with which it is associated, in having stronger radiating septa, numerous dissepiments, and large pores in the outer wall. LOGALITY.—Silver Peak, Nevada. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18358. TRAILS, BURROWS, AND TRACKS OF ANIMALS. As far as known to me there are no true Alge found in the rocks of the Lower Cambrian. That such forms existed, there can scarcely be any doubé, but, after a careful study of all the reported species, I think that they can be referred to trails of worms or mollusks with more pro- priety than to the Algz. - Planolites NICHOLSON. Planolites Nicholson, 1873. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, p. 289. Planolites annularius sp. nov. The cast of a burrowing worm that shows numerous annulations. LocALiry.—At the Reynolds Inn locality, of Olenellus asaphoides, one wile west of North Greenwich, Washington County, New York. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18360. Planolites congregatus BILLINGS. Paleophycus congregatus Billings, 1861. Bull. Geol. Survey Canada, p. 2. This and the following species were referred to the Algze by Mr. Billings. The reference may be correct, but the species impress mec ag Me PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. oD being the casts of worm-borings ; and there is nothing in the specimen to indicate their vegetable crigin. This form of east is found in sandy argillaceous deposits all through the sedimentary rocks. Type in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada. Planolites incipiens BILLINGs. Palwophycus incipiens Billings, 1861. Bull. Geol. Survey Canada, p. 3. This character of worm-buring is common in the sandy shales near Swanton, and at Parker’s Quarry, Georgia, Vermont. It is associated with Olenellus asaphoides. It is impossible to-determine whether the trails on the slate were made by the same species of animal as that making the trails referred to P. congregatus. As the two forms have received specific names they are retained for the present. Type in the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada. Helminthoidichnites Frrcu. Helminthoidichnites Fitch, 1850. Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. for 1849, p. 868. Compare Nemertites Nicholson, 1873. Proc. Roy. Soc., London, p. 289. Helminthoidichnites marinus EMMONS (sp.). Gordia marina Emmons, 1844. Taconic System, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 2.—IJdem, 1846. Agric. N. Y., vol. 1, p. 68, pl. 14, fig. 2.—Jdem, Hall, 1847. Pal. N. Y., vol. 1, p. 264, pl. 71, figs. 1, 2. Paleophycus rectus Fitch, 1850. Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. for 1849, p. 862. Compare Fucoides jlecuosa Emmons, 1844. Taconic System, pl. v, fig. 3. Helminthoidichnites tenuis Fitch, 1850. ® Trans. N. Y. State Agric. Soc, for 1849, p. 866, figure in text. Dr. Fitch proposed the genus Helminthoidichnites for tracks resem- bling those of worms, and figured this species as a very narrow trail on an arevaceous shale. I have seen fragments of a similar trail in the arenaceous slates of the Olenellus zone, and also in the Upper Cam- brian shales of the Grand Canon of the Colorado, Arizona. Those from the latter locality afford the best illustration, and a figure is given of a small portion of the surface of the arenaceous shale, showing the trail upon if. This type of boring or trail is very abundant in the purple, green, and dark slates, and in the arenaceous shales of the Olenellus zone. Similar trails may have been made by many different species during all the geologic epochs down to the present day. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18359. Cruziana D’ORBIGNY. Bilobites DeKay, 1823. Am. Lyc. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 1. pp. 45-49. Not Bilobites Linn., 1775. Cruziana VOrbigny, 1842. Voyage d’Amérique Mérid., 11, Rusophycus Hall, 1852. Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, p. 23. Cruziana sp.? A careful examination of a large series of specimens of the trails and burrows referred to Oruziana, from a single Jayer of sandstone, leads 36 LOWER CAMBRIAN FOSSILS—-WALCOTT, me to consider that they are all of animal origin, and that many of the so-called species were formed by one species of animal. Also, that specific differences in the animals making them would not generally be shown in the casts of the burrows and trails. In a paper on the genus Cruziana and allied forms I will give my reasons for considering them burrows and trails of animals, and not the casts of fucoids. Kutorgina labradorica var. swantonensis var. nov. A comparison of a series of specimens of K. labradorica, from New- foundland, with aseries from near Swanton, Vermont, shows constant dif- ferences. The strize on the Swanton shells are finer and more regular, and the valves are less transverse in proportion to the length, and the beak of the ventral valve is less elevated. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—Lower Cambian. Hast of Swanton and Highgate Springs, Vermont. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 15329. Obolella atlantica sp. nov. This is a small species of Obolella that occurs in great abundance in Newfoundland and also (less frequently) at North Attleborough, Massa- chusetts.* It is of the type of Obolella crassa, but differs in the details of the interior surface and the average smaller size. LOCALITIES.—Manuel’s Brook, Topsail and Brigus Heads, Conception Bay, Newfoundland. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18322. Camerella minor sp. nov. Shell small, moderately convex ; valves about equal in depth. Ven- tral valve convex on the umbo, with the beak slightly incurved ; cardi- nal slopes nearly straight from the beak to the rounded sides; the posterior or umbonal third of the valve is usually more or less tumid, a ridge of growth separating it from the anterior portion of the shell. Dorsal valve shorter than the ventral valve; transversely oval, most prominent at the umbo; beak very small and terminating at the cardi- nal margin. ; The casts of the surface show only concentric lines of growth. Usually a marked line or ridge separates the tumid umbonal portion of the shell from the anterior part. The casts of the interior of the ventral valve have a small pit just in front of the termination of the beak, from which two narrow depres- sions extend forward and separate off a short, narrow, central ridge * Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard College, vol, 16, 1888; Prelim, Descpt, North Atilevborough Fossils, p. 27. vO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37 and two lateral pointed projections, which extend forward to the line of the base of the central ridge, and are defined, laterally, by sharp, nar- row depressions. This) forni indicates that two lamellz or plates ex- tended out from the beak on each side of a narrow central depression and then curved outward towards the margin, somewhat as in Pentame- rus. In one east two slight ridges extend from the base of the lateral projections a short distance anteriorly. In the interior of the dorsal valve a transverse depression, just in front of the beak, corresponds to a transverse ridge on the interior of the valve. Owing to the imperfect casts of the interior the generic reference to Camerella is tentative. In company with Prof. William B. Dwight I found this species asso- ciated with heads and fragments of a trilobite that is referred to Olenel- lus asaphoides. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—Lower Cambrian. In the quartzitie sandstones of Stissing Mountain, near Stissingville, Dutchess County, New York. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. ——. Coleoloides gen. nov. Shell slender, elongate, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, ap- parently thin. Surface marked by very fine, slightly oblique, longitudinal stric in the only species known. In form this shell is like that of Hyolithellus micans, but the surface markings are unlike those of either Hyolithellus, Billings, or Coleolus, Hall. Coleoloides typicalis sp. nov. Straight, slender, elongate, cylindrical shells that taper so gradually that the diminution in size is only apparent in long pieces of the tube and then observable only by the closest examination. Shell apparently very thin. Surface marked by very fine, slightly oblique, longitudinal striz that are a little irregular in their course, as shown by a strong magnifier. The strie make one revolution around the tube in a length of sixteen diameters of the tube. The longest specimen found has a length of 23™™ and is about one- half a millimeter in diameter. It is broken off at each extremity. I do not know of any related species. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—Same as Hyolithes terranovicus. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18326. Hyolithes terranovicus sp. nov. Form an elongate subtriangular pyramid, gradually and regularly tapering to an acute extremity. The anyle of tapering of the dorsal side is very nearly 15°. Transverse section subtriangular or semi- 38 LOWER CAMBRIAN FOSSILS—WALCOTT. elliptical. Dorsal face slightly convex and curving gently from the ex- tremity to the anterior subspatulate portion. Ventral face strongly and regularly convex transversely; the dorsal and ventral faces meet to form the rounded Jateral angles of the shell. Aperture oblique, the margin extending on the dorsal side; the peristome of the ventral side is slightly curved backward. Operculum unknown. Shell thick and strong. Surface of thé shell transversely or concentrically striated; on the dorsal surface the strive are faintly defined and on the ventral surface strongly marked and aiso cancellated by raised lines with finer strive between. . | The largest specimen collected has a width of 16™™ at the aperture and a length of about 55™™ is indicated, the portion preserved being 45"™ jn length. I do not know of any. identical species, although the surface mark- ings are like those of Hyolithes nobilis Barrande.* The presence of a septum near the extremity of the shell is very dis- tinct in one species where the point is broken off. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—Lower Cambrian. This species is found in irregular masses of limestone resting on and among the bowlders of gneiss forming the base of the Olenellus zone on Manuel’s Brook, Con- ception Bay, Newfoundland. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18319. Hyolithes similis sp. nov. Form an elongate subtriangular pyramid, gradually and regularly tapering to an acute extremity. The angle of tapering of the dorsal side is about 13°. Transverse section subtriangular. The ventral angle is Sharp and the lateral angles rounded. Dorsal face slightly arched longitudinally, transversely nearly flat, except at the sides, where it curves slightly to meet the two planes of the ventral face, which is strongly angular at the center. Aperture oblique; the peri- stome is indented at the center of the ventral side and arched over the subspatulate extension of the dorsal face. Operculum uvknown. Shell comparatively thin. Surface of the shell marked by transverse or concentric striz that arch forward ou the dorsal face. The ventral face is further marked by four raised lines on each side of the central angle, and between the raised lines by very fine longitudinal striz. The portion preserved of the largest specimen collected has a length of 43", When entire it was about 50™™ in length; it has a width at the aperture of 13™™, and a depth of 7™™. In general form this shell is closely related to H. americanus. It dif- fers in the strongly marked ventral surface. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—Same as H. terranovicus. Nat. Mus, Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18317. *Syst. Sil. Boheme, Vol. 111, 1867, pl. 13, figs 22-26. Mead PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3Y Helenia gen. noy. Shell an elongate, narrow, flattened, curved tube; transverse section and aperture elliptical. Surface marked by transverse, concentric, im- bricating lines of growth. Helenia bella sp. nov. Shell an elongate, narrow, flattened, curved tube. The plane of the flatuened surfaces is slightly twisted, so as to throw the lateral margins about one-quarter of a turn around and to incline the upper and lower faces nearly 45° at one extremity, as compared with the other. The curvature is nearly semicircular. The cross-section is an elongated ellipse. The form of the aperture of the larger extremity, as indicated by the strive of growth, has the peristome arching forward on one of the flattened sides and curving slightly backward on the opposite side. As far as I am able to determine the shell was open at the smaller end, as in Dentalium, or the extremity was decollated in all the specimens collected. I am inclined to think that it was open at both ends, and hence should be referred to the Dentalida. Surface marked by irregular, transverse or concentric, imbricating lines of growth that vary in number and size on the same specimen and in different specimens. ‘Helenia bella is provisionally referred to the Dentalide on account of its form and the apparent opening at both extremities. FORMATION AND LOCALITY.—In a pinkish-colored limestone of Lower Cambrian age, in association with Hyolithes princeps, Olenellus bréggeri, ete. In a railway cut north of Manuel’s Brook, Conception Bay, New- foundland. Nat. Mus. Cat. Invt. Foss., No. 18324. Agnostus desideratus sp. nov. Cephalic shield about as broad as long, broadly rounded in front, sides curving in very slightly towards the posterior margin ; posterior margin sloping obliquely inward from the postero lateral angles to the median lobe. A narrow raised rim extends all around the margin except across the base of the glabella or median lobe. The space between the rim and the glabella is slightly convex. Glabella less than two-thirds the length of the head, narrow, subeylindrical, and with a small tubercle on the posterior third. Surface smooth. ™> of hind remora, io, 145", 2, 19": width of pronetum, ¢, 7™™, 2, LO™™, Described from two specimens, male and female. HaBs.—Los Angeles, Cal., March 5 and 27 (D. W. Coquillitt). Sub-family TRYXALIN ZA. Ochrilidia (?) crenulata sp. nov. Related to O. occidentalis (Stenobothrus occidentalis Thos.), from which it differs in its smaller size, shorter occiput, and in its markings. Occiput rather short and slightly rounding; the vertex between the eyes about as wide as the length of the basal antennal joint, the front margined by a blunt carina, forming at the fastigium aright angle, with the apex, gently rounded ; lateral foveole missing; frontal costa prom- inent above, where it is very narrow, widening evenly below, sulcate throughout, the literal walls sharp. Eyes pyriform, not prominent. Face straight, very oblique. Pronotum short, nearly as broad as long, the lateral carine greatly bowed, faint; median carina visible through- out, severed about the middle by the last transverse impressed line ; anterior edge slightly ascending upon the occiput; posterior edge broadly rounded. Tegmina narrow, the anterior edge bowed, the pos- terior edge straight; the veins of the disk not uniting and forming cells. Posterior femora slender, in the female just reaching, but in the male surpassing, the tip of the abdomen about one-third of their length. In- terior apical spines of the posterior tibiz fully twice as long as those on the outside, the lower one much the longest. Antenne long, with the basal joints somewhat flattened, aud the apex acuminate. General color light testaceous, striped, and marked with brown. Frontal costa and a quite broad median line reaching from the fas- 52 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. tigium to the front edge of the pronotum, a similar one extending from the lower edge of each eye down the face to the corner of the clypeus ; in some specimens this line is separated into two by the very nar- row yellow front border of the cheeks; there is a third line or band of the same color directed backwards from the middle of the eyes, widen- ing as it goes, and continued upon the sides of the pronotum, of which it covers a little more than the upper half. This last band is partially interrupted on the front edge of the pronotum by a pointed streak of yellow which reaches nearly to the_lateral carine. Disk ferruginous, with two lateral triangular brown spots on the posterior lobe, that ap- pear as if separated from the coloring of the sides by the narrow yel- low lines along the carine. Tegmina with the disk brown to the apex, the anterior edge of which is much the darkest and deeply crenulate or waved, remainder grayish, becoming somewhat transparent apically. Wings pellucid, with the veins and nerves of the apical third infuscated. The posterior femora, with the upper carina and the upper half of the outer face brown, also with indications of two dusky bands on the upper edge. Posterior tibie dirty grayish-yellow, becoming infuseated apically. Venter dull yellow. Antenne testaceous, in some specimens inclining to lavender. Length of body, ¢5 138"™) 2, 1857s eimantenne, 6.19" eee of pronotum;. 6, 2™™, 2, 2.92"; of téemina, 2,90) 26 al2oP or hind demora, ¢.5:8.6"™, -9.,:11™™; of hind tibice, <6 5-(.6a84 oo Hazs.—Silver City, N. Mex. (Chas. 1. Marsh); Yellowstone Valley, Mont., Helena and Fort Benton, Mont., and from several points in northern Wyoming, southwest Dakota, northwest Nebraska (Bruner). This trim little locust is quite common throughout the regions above indicated, where it is to be met with among the short bunch grasses of the plains; and especially is it partial to localities where the surface is somewhat strewn with gravel and small stones. Ochrilidia (?) cinerea sp. nov. Somewhat larger than O. crenulata and O. occipitalis. Dull, dirty, erayish-yellow, with the tegmina evenly mottled throughout. Differing from the species just described in the somewhat longer, more acute vertex, which expands a little in advance of the eyes and is quite deeply hollowed; also in the presence of rather plain, elongate, trian- gular lateral foveolie., Pronotum as in occipitalis. Tegmina with the discal cells closed at about two-thirds the distance to the apex, and the marginal field somewhat expanding on the basal half. Antenne a little heavier and more flattened than in occipitalis. Posterior femora as in that species to which it is most closely related. General color’cinereo-testaceous, with faint indications of the brown markings of the head and thorax, as seen in the other two species. Teemina evenly mottled throughout, with small fuscous quadrate spots. Posterior femora crossed by two faint, dusky, oblique bands, plainest My ras ‘PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53 above. Posterior tibix testaceous, the spines black-tipped. Antenne grayish-brown. Length of body, ¢,15.5™™, 2, 21™™; of antenne, 6, 8-10™™, 9 9m; of pronotum, ¢, 2.45™, 2, 3.d5™™; of tegmina, ¢, 11.5™™, 9,14™™; of hind femora, 3, 9.25™™, 2, 11.2™, of tibia, 3, 8™™, 2, 10"™, Has.—Fort McKinney, Wyo., Birch Creek, Idaho, and Burleigh County, Dak. (Bruner), northwest Nebraska (Bruner). This and occipitalis are frequenters of the mountain slopes and foot- hills, and especially so where these localities are somewhat sandy. Like crenulata, they are most partial to partly bare surfaces, and are very ac- tive in their movements. The present species reminds one not a little of the different members of the genus Mermiria in its general appear- ance and actions. Mermiria texana sp. nov. [PIl. I, Fig. 11.] A rather robust species with comparatively short hind legs. Dark brown, testaceous, and dirty white or pale lavender. Head moderately short, the vertex short (though not quite so short as in M. bivittata), narrow, rounded in front, with but very slight traces of raised lateral carine and no median carina; frontal costa plainly visi- ble throughout but not prominent, straight, narrow above and gradu- ally widening below ( ¢ ), or with the sides parallel ( 2 ), suleate through- out. Eyes large and moderately prominent, elongate pyriform—as long as that portion of the cheeks immediately below them. Antenne rather narrow, reaching one-third of their length beyond the hind extremity of the pronotum. Pronotum short and broad, the sides nearly parallel, rounded above on the anterior and nearly flat on the posterior lobe, which is rather coarsely punctate; median carina quite prominent, severed back of the middle by the last transverse impressed line; lateral carine nearly obsolete; anterior margin slightly concave; poste- rior margin very broadly rounded. Tegmina broad, the apex rounded, with the veins quite prominent, reaching beyond the tip of the body in both sexes. Posterior femora shorter and heavier than usual, not quite reaching (2) or a trifle surpassing (4) the tip of the abdomen; tibiz heavy, with rather short, stout spines. Last ventral segment of the male abdomen less elongate than in WV. bivitteta and M. alacris. General color light grayish-brown, heavily lined and marked with dark brown, and testaceous. A broad brownish band, commencing at the tip of the vertex and extending backwards along the middle of the occiput and pronotum to the middle of the dorsal edge of the closed tegmina; another reaching from the eyes backwards along the upper half of the sides of the pronotum upon the tegmina, the entire sides of which (save a narrow costal line of testaceous) it covers. These lines are darkest on the pronotum, where the color is nearly black. Thereis also a continuation of this color on the upper portion o¢ the frontal costa and also a narrow line down the inner edges of the lateral facial carine. 54 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDZA—BRUNER. These brown lines are much darker in the male, where the antenne and the anterior and middle legs are also of this color. The dark lines are broadly bordered with testaceous, of which color are also the antenne of the female, a line along the upper and lower edges of the posterior femora, and also the tarsi of the posterior pair of legs. There are also lines of the brown along the upper carina and upper edge of the outer face of the posterior femora, which terminate at a rather wide preapi- cal annulus of the testaceous color. Posterior tibie bright red, in some: specimens inclining to purplish at the immediate base and towards the apex; the spines black-tipped. Length of body, 3, 27-29™™, 2, 43™™; of antenne, ¢,14™™, 2, 16™™; of pronotum, ¢, 4.85™™, 2,6.45™"; of tegmina, ¢, 23-26™™, 2, dom"; of hind femora, ¢,15.5-17™™, @,21-24™™; of hind tibiz, ¢, 14.5-16™™, Q, 20-21-5™™, Hapn.—E] Paso, Tex.; also Lerdo, in the State of Durango, Mexico, during November (L. Bruner). This locust was only met with among the sisal producing plant (a sort of Agave, I believe) growing upon the rocky hills back from the rivers. It is very active, wild, and difficult to capture, and when disturbed flies great distances, invariably alighting among the thorny, rigid, and fleshy leaves of.the plant above referred to. Whether or not it feeds upon the leaves of this plant I was unable to ascertain. Mermiria maculipennis sp. nov. Large and robust, with the tegmina more or less mottled. Testaceous and brown. Head large and wide, the occiput shorter than in M. neo-mexicana and M. alacris ; face straight, less oblique than in those species; eyes large, quite wide, and prominent; vertex not quite so wide as in the species just mentioned, short and broadly rounded in front, not suleate; lateral foveole lunate and small; frontal costa moderately prominent above, slightly widening and fading below, gently sulcate above the ocellus ( @ ) or throughout(¢). Antenne long, of medium width near the base, apex acuminate. Pronotum broad, without lateral carine, subcylindrical above, the posterior lobe expanding; anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin subangulate. Tegmina extending just beyond the tip of theabdomen, with the nerves and veins prominent. Posterior femora robust, reaching past the tip of the body and wings in both sexes. Posternal spine quadrate, short, bluntly acuminate, directed gently to the rear. Dull testaceous, in some specimens inclining to ferruginous, with the usual dark band along the sides of the head and pronotum, which ex- tends upwards upon the edges of the disk of the latter; occiput fur- nished with two rather narrow, somewhat interrupted central brown stripes inclosing a still narrower one of yellow. Median carina of the pronotum sometimes occupied by a narrow brown stripe. Tegmina with oe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55" a subcostal and dorsal yellow lines, remaining portion brownish cinere- ous, becoming translucent beyond the basal third; veins and cross- veins brown. There are also a number of rather large dim fuscous blotches arranged along the middle field and a few smaller ones above and below. Posterior femora with the upper half of the outer face, to- gether with the upper inner face, dusky; there is also a row of small dark spots along the lower outer edge; apex fuscous above; posterior tibize light red, inclining to pinkish in the female, their spines black on the outer half. Antenne testaceous, lightest in the female. Besides the markings already mentioned there are, in some specimens of the female, small cresent-shaped black marks on the face below the ocellus, and interrupted bands of brown reaching from the lower edge of the eyes down the cheeks. Also a dim broad band just below the lower lateral edges of the pronotum. Length of body, ¢, 36™™, 2, 46-52™™; of antennae, 6, 21™™, 2,15™™; of pronotum, 6.5.85", 2,38™™": of tegmina, ¢,277™,2,37™™; of hind femora, ¢, 21.55", 2, 351™™ ;- of hind tibia, ¢, 21™™, 2, 29™™. HAB.—San Antonio, Tex., in June (M. Newell); Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Tex., also in June (A. Wadgymar). Syrbula acuticornis sp. nov. Very closely resembling S. admirabilis (Uhl.) in its general appear- ance and size, but differing from that species in its somewhat slenderer form and in several other respects. Antenne acuminate, the basal joints flattened and wider than long, reminding one not a little of the different members of the genus Mer- miria, not quite as long as the head and pronotum combined. Vertex between and in advance of the eyes as in admirabilis, but with the caring much more strongly developed; the lateral foveole inconspicu- ous; frontal costa of only medium width, the sides straight and diverg- ing but little towards their lower end, continuous to and upon the cly- peus, sulcate at upper end and below the ocellus; lateral facial carinze Straight and nearly parallel with those of the frontal costa; eyes sim- ilar in form to those of admirabilis, but larger and slightly more promi- nent than there. Pronotum with the lateral carine greatly arcuate, heavier and more prominent than the median, all three severed by the single transverse impressed line upon the disk a little back of the mid- dle, the lateral lobes slightly deeper than in the other species. Teg- mina and wings as in admirabilis. Posterior femora moderately heavy, reaching slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen. General color grass-green, marked upon the pronotum and tegmina as in admirabilis, with this possible difference, that these members, to- gether with the wings, are more deeply infuscated here than there. Length of body, 2, 34™™; of antennae, 8.5™™; of pronotum, 5.75™™ ; of tegmina, 24-25"™™ ; of hind femora, 22™™. Described from 3 female specimens. Male not known to me. Haxz.—Southwestern Texas (F. G. Schaupp). ‘D6 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. Eritettix gen. nov. Related to the genera Oxycoryphus, and Stenobothrus of Fischer in the general make up of the body; but differing from these in having the oe- ciput tricarinate, which caring are continuous upon the disk of the pro- notum as the median and two supplementary carine, these latter about midway between the median and lateral carine which are common to all the other genera of the sub-famiy Truxaline. Vertex nearly hori- zontal, only moderately broad, increasing but little and extending in advance of the eyes about as far as the distance which separates them, the apex roundly angulate. Antenne with the joints more or less flat- tened towards the base, the apex clubbed to bluntly acuminate, of moderate length, not reaching the posterior extremity of the pronotum ; face oblique, slighty arcuate ; the frontal costa prominent and broad, with its sides greatly divergent below, shallowly sulcate at the ocellus; the lateral facial carine rather faint, arcuate. Pronotum short to medi- um in length, somewhat tumid at the sides below, the front edge nearly straight, the posterior edge roundly angulate above; median carina rather prominent, straight; the lateral but gently (carinatus, tricarina- tus, virgatus, and variabilis) or considerably arcuate (abortivus); the last transverse impressed line faint, nearly in the middle. ‘Tegmina from one-half to as long as the abdomen, when the latter just reaching (2) or slightly surpassing the tip of theabdomen(é). The anterior or costal area of the former but gently inflated. Valves of ovipositor short and blunt. Posterior femora stout, surpassing the tip of the ab- domen. Second internal tibial claw almost twice as long as the first. The two sexes very unequal in size, the female being much the largest. All the species of this genus of locusts, so far as I am aware, live through the winter as larve or pup, and mature very early in spring, in that respect reminding one of the genera Chortophaga, Chimaro- cephala, Psoloessa, and a few of the representatives of the genera Hip- piscus and Arphia among the Gidipodine and the Tettigine. Eritettix variabilis sp. nov. Very similar in size and general structure to Stenobotirus carinatus Thos., and like that insect also very variable as to color. In this latter species the antenne are acuminate instead of clavate, the vertex is nar- rower between the eyes, and the supplementary carine of the pronotum and occiput are less prominent than there. Size and color of carinatus. HAB.—Silver City, N. Mex., in the month of May (Chas. H. Marsh). Eritettix abortivus sp. nov. [PI1. I, Figs. 8, 9.] Short and compact with aborted wings. In general appearance re- sembling the genus Oxycoryplhus, but belonging with Sé. carinatus, St. tricarinatus, and St. virgatus in a distinet genus; very variable in color, ranging from bright grass-greeu to dull wood-brown. pees PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5 ‘Vertex triangular, about as wide as the smaller diameter of the eyes; the margins but gently raised. furnished with a well-defined longitudi- nal carina, which, with two supplementary carin, extend backward across the occiput to the front edge of the pronotum, where the lateral supplementary ones are more or less interrupted, but appear again upon the disk of the posterior lobe. Face oblique, nearly straight, the frontal costa prominent, evenly widening below where it reaches the clypeus, suleate at the ocellus ( ° ) or from the antenne nearly to the lower end (2); lateral facial carine minute, straight, antenne with the joints slightly flattened but not ensiform. Pronotum short and rather broad, the median carina very prominent; lateral carinee much curved, the disk provided with a pair of supplementary carina, one on either side and parallel to the median, as mentioned above; anterior edge nearly straight, posterior edge broadly angulate; posterior im- pressed line back of the middle, faint. Tegmina abortive, furnished with rather prominent nerves, acuminate, not quite (2) ora little more than half as long asthe abdomen(é). Posterior femora large, com- pressed, just reaching (2) or considerably surpassing the tip of the abdomen ( ¢); posterior tibize with the middle terminal claw more than twice as long as the others. Very variable in color, like the other species of the genus, varying from dull wood-brown to nearly wholly green. Lateral carine of the pronotum, together with a median lateral line, of bright yellow, also the disk and rather wide lower lateral border of testaceous, a dusky band on disk, just inside of lateral carine, crossing to outside in middle, and recrossing at hind extremity; also one on micdle of sides, somewhat interrupted near the hind margin. Antenne ferruginous or darker. Length of body, ¢,9"™, 2, 16™™; of antenne, 4, 3.57, 9, 4™™; of pronotum, 6, 2.3™™,?, 3.1™"; of tegmina, 6, 4.5™™, 9, 4,25™™"; of hind femorda,.:d 5-0, 25,95". ; Haz.—Central Texas (Schaupp); Washington County, Texas (Bru- ner). Found quite plentifully in closely grazed pastures during the month of April, when the sexes were taken in coitu. Bootettix gen. nov. Comprising insects of medium size, somewhat related to Pedioscertetes Thos., in the form of the pronotum and posterior femora, but otherwise approaching Gomphocerus and Stenobothrus. Heads of medium size, occiput rather short; the eyes moderately prominent, rounded behind, nearly straight in front; vertex broad, nearly horizontal, triangular, shallowly suleate, with a minute median longitudinal carina, the lateral margins sharp, fastigium very pointed; face rather oblique, straight, the frontal costa pointed above, broadest between the antenne, plain, fading near the clypeas; lateral facial carinz parallel in the male, gently divergent in the female. Antenne about 20-jointed, slightly flattened 58 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDAI—BRUNER. near the base and apex, the latter pointed; in the female very short, reaching only to the front edge of the pronotum, in the male a little be- yond its posterior extremity. Pronotum rather short and moderately broad, depressed in the middle, rounded above on the anterior lobe, from which point it expands rapidly posteriorly ; lower lateral edges nearly straight, the sides deep, the lower posterior angle square, the: point rounded ; anterior edge slightly rounded, posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen ‘in both sexes, rather narrow in the female, the costal field considerably dilated in the male as in Chloéaltis and Arcyptera. Posterior femora long and slender, reaching (2) or extending past the tip of the body (¢). Prosternum armed with a large, very low, quadrate process. Bootettix argentatus sp. nov. [PI. I, Figs. 4,5.] Light green marked with deep ferruginous, brown and black. A series of silvery blotches along the sides and beneath is a distinguish- ing character. Body and limbs hirsute. About an inch in length. Vertex between the eyes quite broad, nearly as wide as the shortest diameter of the eyes; fastigium pointed, triangular, very shallowly sul- cate and furnished with a minute central longitudinal carina, lateral margins sharp, abrupt; lateral fovecle elongate, narrow, fading away along their lower edge where the surface is rather coarsely granulate ; lateral ocelli very large and situated lower down the face than ordinarily. Front coarsely punctate, the costa widest above between the antenne, not suleate, but punctate throughout. Antenne slightly flattened, nearly twice as long in the male as in the female. Pronotum glabrous, with the anterior lobe equal, rounded above, the posterior lobe rapidly expanding, nearly flat above, well shouldered; front edge gently ad- vanced upon the occiput, posterior edge broadly rounded, marginate; trausverse impressed lines well defined, continuous, rather sinuous, the last about the middle; median carina visible throughout ( 2 ), or only ou the posterior and on the front edge of the anterior lobe. Tegmina long and narrow, the apex rounded, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes; the costal margin considerably dilated in the male, forming the stridulating organ, or rather the “sound board,” as in the genus Gomphocerus. Posterior femora long and slender; the tibize as long as the femora, the spines slender and more numerous than usual. Metasternum furnished with two converging keels which termin- ate near the center at the front edge and are united by a strong cross- piece. Prosternum armed with a short, blunt, quadrangular process. Terminal segment of the male abdomen elongate, wedge-shaped; supra- anal plate elongate cordate, roundly scooped out, the sides bent down so as to clasp the underlying processes. Cerci a little more than twice as long as broad, tapering, blunt. General color light transparent green, with a metallicluster. Lateral foveole and fastigium of the vertex black, changing to plain brown eee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. og above; occiput with a rapidly widening median brown band; median carina of the pronotum furnished with a similar band commencing in front with the carina alone, but spreading evenly posteriorly until cov- ering the entire upper surface just before reaching the posterior ex- tremity, where it changes to a bright rust brown. There is also alarge patch of this color down the sides of the pronotum in advance of the last transverse impressed line, and another on the sides of the head back of each eye. Tegmina furnished with a row of rather large fus- cous blotches along the posterior edge, also a few smaller ones along the disk which vary in size and number in different individuals; wings dull transparent green, with the principal veins and the cells on the outer third of the posterior field fuliginous; anterior or humeral field, with the veins greenish and the cells clear. Sides of meso- and meta- thorax brown, inclining to black. Posterior femora with four broad fus- cous bands, apex ferruginous; tibize furnished with a narrow basal an- nulus of black, followed by avery broad one of greenish yellow; below this they are dull red, more or less infuscated at the apex and in the middle, brightest in the male. Anterior and middle femora brown, banded in the middle with greenish. The most striking feature in the coloration of this insect, and one which readily distinguishes it from all other North American locusts with which I am acquainted, is a series of pearly or bright silvery markings situated as follows: A rather wide line commencing just below the lateral angle and following down the front edge and around the corner to the middle of the lower edge of the pronotum; a large.blotch upon the side just above the in- sertion of the middle pair of legs, a third just below the base of the wings, and a fourth on the trochanter of the posterior legs. There is also a very conspicuous one along each of the two metasternal carine mentioned above; besides these, each of the middle and posterior femora has a rather conspicuous blotch of this color on the middle of its outer face. Immersion in alcohol does not erase these. Antenne and tarsi ferruginous ; tibial spines tipped with black. Eyes alternately lined with perpendicular lines of yellow and brown. hensth or body, co. 195".. 223.5% of antenns, ¢,,7.75"™, 2, 2-5 OF PIOnOtUM, 6, o.02°", 2, 4.55"; of tegmina, ¢, 18™™, 2,19"; or Hint femora, 6, 11.J0=",. 9. 12.355: of hind tibie, ¢, 117, °, 1, HaB.—Arizona and “El Paso, Texas, (G. W. Dunn); Lerdo and Co- mancho, in the State of Durango, Mexico, during the month of Novem- ber (Bruner). Described from numerous specimens of both sexes. This peculiar and gaudily colored locust is entirely “arboreal” in its habits, and lives upon a peculiar evergreen shrub (Ceanothus) among the sinall smooth oval leaves of which it readily conceals itself. Dur- _ ing the middle of the day when the sun shines hot it is very active, and by jumping and flying from bush to bush easily eludes the pur- 60 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDE—BRUNER. suer. When the sky is overcast with clouds and during early morning it is very sluggish and can readily be taken. Its presence is easily de- tected by the sharp stridulating sound produced by the males, which closely resembles that produced by some of the Stenobothri and allies. Although of medium size, so closely does its color resemble the plants upon which it lives that it is difficult to find, even though you are aware of its presence upon a particular plant that is quite isolated. Pedioscertetes pulchella sp. nov. [Pl. I, Fig. 10.] Olivaceous, variegated with pinkish-yellow streaks and mottlings. The middle two-fifths of the wings crossed by a fuliginous band. Ex- ceedingly hirsute. Occiput moderately long, ascending rapidly to the fastigium of the vertex, which is acute; vertex between the eyes a trifle broader than the shortest diameter of the pyriform eyes, convex; frontal costa very narrow and prominent above the base of the antennz, where it suddenly diminishes in height, suleate throughout, the lateral walls gently and evenly diverging, continuous to the elypeus. Antenne somewhat flat- tened, rather heavy, considerably longer than the head and pronotum combined. Pronotum short, the posterior lobe greatly divergent; an- terior lobes nearly equal, rounded above; transverse impressed lines rather faint, the posterior one about the middle; median carina distinct throughout; lateral carine present only on posterior lobe as sharp Shoulders; anterior margin rounded, ascending upon the occiput; pos- terior margin also rounded, marginate. “Legs slender, somewhat heavi- est in the female; posterior femora a little surpassing ( ¢ ) or not quite reaching the tip of the abdomen (2); posterior tibiz as long as the femora, gently bowed downward, the spines minute, slender. Tegmina of moderate width, broadest in middle, the anterior edge somewhat arcuate, posterior edge nearly straight; wings rather narrow, the cross- veins unusually faint and distant. Last ventral segment of male ab- domen acuminate; the preceding segment furnished beneath with a cordate depression, which is margined by sharp caring that meet and continue as a median ridge to the apex of last segment. Valves of the ovipositor rather large and exserted. General color olive green, the male somewhat brightest, streaked and mottled with dull pinkish-yellow. The entire insect covered toa greater or less degree with a whitish powder, which, together with the hair- covered surface, gives it a sort of hoary appearance. The pinkish lines are arranged as follows: On the back of the head, one on each side; another from the lower edge of the eyes obliquely backwards to the back margin of the cheek, where it continues as a border to the lower corners, the carine of the face, and borders of the clypeus and labium ; on the pronotum as an entire border, on each side of the disk in place of the lateral carin, and a short backward projection from the middle of front edge of sides to first transverse impressed line; on the teg- ecg. a: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61 mina along the two principal veins, the front and back margins with others joining these, thereby giving the wing the appearance of being heavily and irregularly marked with dark olivaceous blotches. Pos. terior femora with three oblique lines each of the olivaceous and pink- ish yellow; posterior tibie, with the under surface and anterior and middle legs testaceous; the former with the base and middle somewhat infusecated, giving them an obscure banded appearance ; spines without dark tips. Wings with the basal fourth (2) or fifth (¢) tinged very slightly with dull yellow, the apical fourth byaline with the principal veins and some of the cross veins black ; remaining portion of the wing fuliginous, a rather broad shoot extending nearly to the base along the costal margin. Antenne ferruginous. sMenefh or odysc 195", 927: of antenne, ¢, 1177, 2, 12™™~ of Proic UM, Ovo.400 2), 4a Of texmina, 2, 157", 2 , 22.50%» of posterior femora, 4. 10.5", 25 15"™; of tibize, ¢ , 10.5™™, 2,13", Hazs.—Birch Creek, Idaho (Bruner). A single pair taken in August, 1883, upon the small thorny plant known as Grayia polygaloides. Other specimens might have been se- cured had there not been a heavy frost the preceding night, thereby causing most of the locusts to seek shelter for the time being. The only time we could spare here*for collecting was early morning before the heat of the day. This species differs considerably from the description and figures of P. nevadensis Thos., in its variegated color, the much shorter pronotum which is rounded instead of truncate in front, and in the rounded an- terior edges of the tegmina. Subfamily GADIPODIN 4. Psoloessa Buddiana sp. noy. [Pl. I, Fig. 6.] In size and general structure very similar to P. ferruginea Scudd., but differing from that species in the coloration, which here is very decided. ; Vertex rather deeply suleate in the form of a new moon, without indications of a median carina; the lateral carinz quite prominent ; frontal costa plain above, gently suleate just below the ocellus; lateral facial carine arcuate, united at their upper and lower ends by cross carinz with those of the frontal costa, forming elongate walled fields, as it were, in the center of each of which is a lunate depression directly opposite to the lower edge of the ocellus. Pronotum with its lateral carine arcuate, the median carina prominent throughout, straight. Tegmina narrow, a little surpassing the tip of the abdomen. Posterior femora a little stouter than in ferruginea, reaching just past the abdo- men. Face, sides of pronotum, under side, and abdomen yellowish white ; the former with a few brown dots along the costa and ecarine. Upper side of pronotum, occiput, and anterior half of tegmina testacevus, the 62 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. atter with a few dots along the overlapping edges. Posterior femoral testaceous, with the usual markings of brown, though less conspicuous than common. ‘The characteristic marking is, however, a dark-brown band commencing at the eyes and extending back to the sides of the pronotum, the upper edge of which it covers and continues across the sides of the meso and meta thorax to the tegmina, the lower or anterior halves of which it follows almost to their tips. On the pronotum this band is broadly deflected near both edges, sending down an anterior and posterior shoot nearly to the lower edge. Above, this dark band is edged with a narrow one of bright yellow. Length of body, 2, 20™™; of antenne, 6™™; of pronotum, 4.1™™; of tegmina, 17.5"™; of hind femora, 13"™™. HAB.—South western Texas, Carrizo Springs (A. Wadgymar). Named for my friend A. 8S. Budd, of El Paso, Tex., from two female specimens. Psoloessa ? eurotic sp. noy. A beautiful species that resembles the highly colored Mestobregma pulchella Bruner in its general color and markings. In structure and size very similar to P. coloradensis Thos. Head rather small; the vertex depressed, of moderate width, the suleus quite deep with the bounding walls sharp and arcuate, the me- dian carin slight; lateral foveolz large, subquadrate ( 2 ) or triangular (3). Face gently arcuate, the frontal costa moderately broad, evenly expanding and shallowly sulcate throughout. Pronotum short, the lateral carine greatly bowed, the last transverse impressed line cutting all three carina little in advance of the middle; posterior margin very obtuse angled. Tegmiua slightly surpassing ( ¢ ) or not quite reaching (¢) the tip of the abdomen. Posterior femora moderately heavy, not quite reaching the tips of the tegmina. Antenne rather heavy, joints 4-5 about equal, a little shorter than the others. General color creamy white with a greenish tinge, conspicuously marked with very dark brown and black spots and bands. On the head the mouth parts, antennal sulci, a narrow circle around each eye, anda band directed backwards from the middle of the eyes black; on the pronotum a baud of medium width along the upper lateral edges which cross over to the disk back of the sulcus, also the lower anterior fourth of the same color; on the thorax all but a narrow white stripe reaching from near the base of the wings to the base of the posterior femora black. Tegmina with a median line of elongate blackish spots and the two edges and apical half infuscated. Posterior femora marked above with three spots and the apex black, the middle spot the largest and continued over to the inner and outer faces. There is also a slight basal blotch and a few smaller dots of the same color along the lower edge of the outer face. Posterior tibize pale yellowish-red more or less infus- cated; spines with their outer half black. Antenne brunneus inclin- ing to fuliginous. aaa PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63 Length of body, ¢, 12™™, 2, 18™™; of antennae, ¢,6.2™™, 9, 4.5mm; of pronotum, ¢, 2.157, 2,2.89°™"; of tegmina, ¢,11™™, ?, 13.25"; of lind femora, 6 5°37", 2: 9.o"™. HABs.—Laramie River, just inside of the Colorado line during early July, at an elevation of about 8,000 feet above sea-level (Bruner). This is one of the few of our North American locusts that is known to have a particular food-plant. In this instance the plant is Hurotia lanata or the sweet sage of the West, which is also known as “ winter fat” and several other local popular names. It certainly is an inter- esting fact to know that Mestobregma pulchella, a species found in quite a different region, that is also partial to the same food-plant is likewise similarly marked —showing the tendency of mimicry in color between an insect and its surroundings. Arphia Saussureana sp. noy. Smail and rather slender; with the wings bright vermillion, which with the general appearance at the first glance reminds one of a dimin- utive A. tenebrosa Scudd. Vertex between the eyes broad, the sulcus broadly pyriform and fur- nished with a strong median longitudinal carina which is severed in the middle by a deep transverse arcuate depression ; bounding walls rather prominent; occiput rugulose, with two quite large semi-triangular de- pressions, one on either side of a slight median carina; frontal costa broad, a trifle expanding at the ocellus, very coarsely granulated and punctate throughout, slightly suleate in the male with a heavy median carina reaching from the fastigium to the ocellus; antennie rather heavy, a third longer in the male than the female. Disk of the prouno- tum tuberculate, the median carina subcristate, notched about the mid- dle by the last transverse impressed line; posterior angle nearly square. Tegmina of medium width, reaching ( 2?) or extending nearly one-third of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen ( ¢ ). General color dull brown, heavily mottled with dark brown and dull black. Wings bright vermillion or roseate, with the outer third and a rather broad tapering ulnar ray reaching nearly to the base dark fulig- inous. Posterior femora obscurely faciate with fuscous; the tibie with a wide basal annulus of dull testaceous, remainder more or less infuscated. Length of body, ¢, 15.75™™, 9,217"; of antenna, ¢, 6™™, 2, 4.257"; Orpronoluims ag , o-00™", Oo, 4.5""- of tegmina, é, 16™™, 2, 18™™; of hind femora, 3, 10™™, 2, 11™™; of hind tibiae, ¢,9™™, 2, 1o™™. A large series of both sexes. HaBs.—On the hills lying back of San Francisco, Cal., during the latter part of October (Bruner, Koebele). Aulocara Scudderi sp. noy. About the size of A. decens Scudd., from which it difters in its more robust form and in having the posterior tibiv red instead of blue. 64 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDZ—BRUNER. Vertex between the eyes rather broad, the fastigium either right-an- gled (2) or slightly obtuse ( 2 ), not so deeply suleate as in Elliottii and decens ; lateral foveol rather large and prominent, a little elongate, the upper and lower edges parallel, the latter not quite horizontal; frontal costa continuous to the clypeus, but gently sulcate in the male, scarcely depressed at the ocellus in the female. Eyes rather large, not prominent, rounded behind, nearly straight in front. Pronotum as in the other species, except that here the median carina is but once severed by the transverse sulci. Tegmina and wings about as long ( ¢ ) or a trifle surpassing the tip of the abdomen (¢). Posterior femora stout, just reaching the tip of the body in the female but surpassing itin the male. Posterior tibiz with the second inner terminal claw long and strong, much as in the genus Seyllina. General color dull brown, in some specimens inclining to ferruginous, the tegmina usually very heavily and evenly mottled with dark brown. quadrate spots, sometimes only confined to the disk. Some specimens have a light testaceous band reaching from the vertex backwards across the middle of the occiput and pronotum to the tips of the tegmina. Posterior femora marked as in the other species, but plainer; hind tibie bright coral red with a whitish basal annulus, the knee deep black; antenne ferruginous, testaceous or lavender—usually the lat- ter in living specimens. Lower surface dirty yellowish-white. Length of body, ¢, 14.5%", 9, 20°" of antenuz, ¢, 107s of pronotum, ¢,3.1™™, 9°, 3.45™™s of tegmina, ¢ , 117, 95 12a Ok hind femora, 3, 10:o™™): 2, Voor. [fiAB.—Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, British America in Saskatchewan Valley (Bruner); Kansas (F. W. Cragin). This is a very common species throughout the region west of the Mississippi River. Mestobregma pulchella sp. nov. A beautiful greenish-white species marked with black and gray; wings hyaline, without a band as in M. kiowa. Distinct from all other North Aierican species in habits and appearance. In general form and size most closely related to M. kiowa, but differ- ing from that species in its somewhat smaller size, the proportionately broader lower face, the smaller eyes, and generally smoother surface of head and pronotum. The general color is a beautiful greenish white, in imitation of the plant upon which it feeds; heavily marked with the characteristic markings belonging to genus, which in the present instance are black and quite sharply defined. These latter are arranged as follows: A nar- row transverse line connecting the upper extremities of the eyes, another but broader extending from the edges of the frontal costa immediately below the base of the antenne backward across the lower half of the eyes upon the sides of the pronotum to the first transverse impressed line; ve PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65 on the pronotum nearly thé entire sides of the anterior lobes, also the front half of the disk along both sides of the median carina; on the meso- and metathorax the entire pleure except two short narrow an- teriorly directed oblique blotches of the light color. The tegmina have the dorsal or posterior half free from marks, save at the immediate base, where they have the narrow converging fuscous dashes; on the lower half are three rather large black biotches, the first with its outer margin defining the basal fourth, the second about the middie, and the third just beyond; apex and base also containing a few small scattered quadrate spots; apical third more or less hyaline, the principal veins black. Wings hyaline, with the faintest possible yellowish tinge at the immedi- ate base; veins on the outer third and along the costal margin more or less dusky. Antenne piceous, becoming greenish white, in some speci- mens obscurely annulate. Posterior femora with three deep black patches above, which continue over to the inner face; lower outer carina furnished with a few dusky dots, outer face somewhat clouded. There is also an obscure clouded or marbled appearance noticeable throughout the greater portion of the greenish upper surface. Posterior tibice glau- cous, the apex and a narrow band just beyond the base infuseated, tle spines black; anterior and middle legs quite regularly annulate with dark brown or black. Sides of abdomen marked with a row of dusky dots, which are plainest in the male. Length of body, ¢,18™™, 2, 23™™; of antenne ¢,9™™, 2, 8™™; of pronotum, ¢, 3.62™™, 2, 4.75™™; of tegmina, 6, 18™™, 2, 21; of posterior FeIMOLA, sor. ite See Leos) OF Wl, 6 974, 2, 10.50™™, HaAsB.—Yellowstone Valley, Montana, between Livingston and Gar- diner; also at Glendive, below the mouth of Powder River (L. Bruner). This interesting species has been observed to feed upon the foliage of the “Sweet Sage” (Hurotia lanata) to the exclusion of all other plants; and although so far as at present known, is local in its distribution, yet not at all rare. Why it should be confined to the valley of the Yellow- stone is not known, for certainly the same plant occurs at other localities in far greater quantities. In Colorado, on the Laramie River, there is another locust found with a similar habit, which also very singularly possesses almost identical markings, although belonging to a different genus. This latter species is also new and described here for the first time. The preparatory stages of pulchella, like the mature insect, are so char- acteristically marked and so closely resemble the perfect specimens that there can be no mistaking their identity. These also feed upon the same plant. Conozoa texana sp. nov. About the size of C. sulcifrons and C. albolineata, to the latter of which it is most nearly related, but differing from it in general color- ation, in the shorter and more robust hind femora, in the shorter an- terior lobes of the pronotuim, and in the larger more globular eyes. Proc, N. M. 89—-—5 66 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. Vertex deeply and roundly suleate, the bounding walls continuous with those of the frontal costa, the fastigium furnished with -a rather deep V-shaped depression, from the apex of which a median carina ex- tends backwards through the sulcus and across the occiput; lateral foveolx rather large and shallow; frontal costa quite prominent, widen- ing below. The sides a little contracted just below the ocellus, deeply sulcate throughout. Pronotum rather smooth. The anterior lobes combined about one-half as long as the posterior lobe; median carina twice notched, nearly equal throughout; posterior extremity about a right angle; lower lateral tooth less elongate than in C. albolineata. Tegmina long and narrow, reaching about one-fourth their length be- yond the tip of the abdomen. Posterior femora rather robust, with the carine inconspicuous. General color cinereo-testaceous, profusely and heavily mottled with dark brown and black. Antenne black, annulate with testaceous. Tegmina testaceous on lower or anterior half, dirty white above, very heavily and profusely mottled with black, These spots not congre- gating in bands. Wings sulphur-yellow on basal half, crossed by a broad, arcuate, black band that sends a wide ray half way to the base near the anterior edge; apical third hyaline, with two pretty well de- fined longitudinal black rays reaching from the extreme tip nearly to the outer edge of the band, most apparent in male specimens. Pos- terior femora light testaceous, with two dark patches above and an outer face, also some dots of same color along the carinze ; posterior tibize pale coral red with a wide white basal annulus. Length of body, ¢, 2277, 2, 26°"; of antenne, ¢, 115°", 2 lia. of pronotum, ¢, 4.37", 9, 5™™; of tegmina, ¢, 23.07, -2, 287"= of hind, femora, 3, 141.85%7, 2, 139™™ HAB.—E] Paso, Tex. (G. W. Dunn). Conozoa albolineata sp. nov. Rather slenderer than the other species of the genus. Grayish-brown streaked with white. Vertex somewhat elevated; fastigium as in (. sulcifrons, continuous with the deeply sulcate frontal costa, which expands evenly and gradu- ally to the clypeus; eyes of medium size, slightly prominent, separated above by about their width; antenn: as long as the posterior femora; pronotum quite smooth in comparison with that of C. sulcifrons and C. wallula, considerably depressed at last transverse sulcus, from which point it expands and ascends quite rapidly posteriorly; median carina not prominent but visible throughout, twice notched, anterior por- tion most elevated, lateral carniz slight, only noticeable on the posterior lobe, posterior angle a little less than a right-angle. Tegmina ex- tending about one-fourth their length beyond the tip of the abdomen, slender. General color grayish-brown above streaked with white, yellowish me PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67 beneath. Head white, slightly tinged with ferruginous on the sides and front, somewhat obscured with the general color on the occiput; lateral carinw of the fastigium more or less marked with black; an- tenn reddish-brown, the basal joint whitish. Pronotum with a rather broad white stripe extending along the outer edges of the dorsum, a quadrate spot of the same color on the front edge opposite the lower angle of each eye and another in the middle of the sides there is also a narrow border of white about the lower anterior angles. A white streak also extends oliquely backward from the base of the tegmina to the insertion of the posterior femora, also one from the middle of the back edges of tne lateral lobes of the pronotum to that of the middle legs. Tegmina with the costal edge streaked with white three-fifths of their length ; central field clouded with brown, not forming definite bands; nerves of apical portion dusky. Wings dull lemon-yellow at the base, crossed about the middle by a light fuliginous band of medium width, which is parallel to the body when spread; nerves of apical portion, which is vitreous, dusky. Posterior femora whitish, with the apex and two very oblique bands black externally and two ordinary ones internally; posterior tibiz yellow with black- tipped spines, the extreme base also black. Abdomen citron yellow at base, becoming paler apically. Length of body, 23™™"; of antenna, 12.5"; of pronotum, 3.32™™; of tegmina, 22""; of posterior femora, 13™™; of posterior tibiw, 12™™. Described from a single é. HAB.—Los Angeles, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett). Conozoa Koebelei sp. noy. A little smaller than C. wallula Seudd. Light gray, marked with dirty white and brown. Hind tibize deep blue with a black base and quite wide sub-basal light-colored annulus. Vertex between the prominent, nearly globular eyes a little wider than in C. wallula, deeply and broadly suleate, the lateral walls gently diverging anteriorly to the middle and then converging to nearly one- half of the greatest width at the fastigium; frontal costa moderately broad, somewhat constricted above the antenne, where it is plain, gently widening, and suleate below. Pronotum smooth above; the median carina slight, twice notched, the anterior portion the highest; posterior extremity nearly a right-angle; lower lateral angles more rounded than in wallula. Tegmina extending past the tip of the ab- domen about one-fourth their length. Posterior femora a little heavier than in wallula, which insect it most nearly resembles in size. General color light cinereus with the usual markings of the genus fuscous. There are two rather broad diagonal bands of dirty white ex- tending from the lower edge of the lateral carinz of the pronotum in the middle forward along the side of the head, just below the eyes and meeting in the front upon the clypeus; there are also two others along 63 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA‘—BRUNER. the outer edges of the disk of the posterior Jobe of the pronotum, and the dorsal edges of the tegmina are also of this color. Wings green- ish yellow on the basal half, followed by a rather broad indistinct fuliginous band which sends the usual tapering shoot along the preanal area nearly to the base, and continues around the outer edge nearly to the anal angle. Veins and nervules of the apical half dark, also those near the edge of the anal angle. Posterior femora dimly banded; pos- terior tibize deep blue with pale basal annulus. Length of body, 6 ,17™™,?—™™; of antennae, 6, 9.25™™, 2, —™ ; of pronotum, ¢, 3.85™™, 2 —™™; of tegmina, 6, 17™™, ?,—™; of hind femora, ¢,10™™, ?,—™™; of hind tibiz, ¢, 9™™, 2,—™™. A single male specimen. Has.—Placer County, Cal., in September (Koebele). Trimerotropis cyaneipennisn sp. nov. Color of posterior wings very dark blue crossed by a moderately broad dark fuliginous band, as in TJ. similis Seudd. In size and general structure this insect is very similar to 7. vinculata, but differs from that species in the more nearly equa! size of the sexes, in the slightly larger head with larger and more prominent eyes, the slightly longer and deeper sulcus of the vertex, which here has the lateral carine nearly parallel and quite prominent, and also the frontal costa deeply sulcate throughout. Besides these differences already mentioned there is a general resemblance in cyaneipennis to the various species of Circotettix, and especially the slenderer ones. In the mottling of the tegmina cyaneipennis resembles T. ceruleipennis Bruner, from which it is quite distinct in the structure of the vertex and anterior lobe of the pronotum, the latter being plain above in cyaneipennis, while in ceru- leipennis it is greatly elevated and tuberculate. The posterior femora are also much heavier in that species than in this. General color dark gray with a rusty tinge above in some specimens, profusely mottled and marked with fuscous. Face, cheeks, and occiput gray, profusely mottled below and above between the eyes with brown; also two diverging bands of the same color on the occiput and another backwards from the middle of each eye. Pronotum with the disk bor- dered on the sides by a rather wide lighter band, also a mesial ray from the front edge and a central quadrate spot of the same color on the sides. Tegmina profusely mottled with rather large quadrate brownish spots, which in most specimens are congregated into three patches— the first occupying the basal third, the second the center of the middle, and the third the outer third of the wing—most profuse on the basal and middle areas, but not forming definite bands as in most of the other species belonging to the genus. Wings very dark blue on their basal half, crossed beyond by a rather wide fuliginous band that does not con- tinue around towards the anal angle; apical third hyaline with the veins and nerves black. Posterior femora crossed externally by three Yea PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69 moderately broad oblique brown bands, internally with the basal half and a single band in advance of the light yellow preapical annulation black. Posterior tibixe deep coerulean blue with light basal anuulation, spines black-tipped. Abdomen deep blue above in some specimens, in- clining to greenish along the sides; dirty white to gray below. An- tenn brown, darkest at the apex, with faint annulations of a lighter brown. Length of body, ¢, 25™™, 2,29™™; of antennz, ¢,11™", 2, 10™™; of PLONOLUM-d 4 4.5" 2 Oot Or tegmina, 6, 20™™, 9, 28.5™™: of hind feMmOlaea wl stato OL MINI. 6, LOE, F, 11.25mm, HazB.—Salt Lake Valley, Utah, near the mouth of Ogden Cajon, just at the upper shore-line of the ancient Lake Bonneville (Bruner, Dodge). Numerous specimens both male and female. - The present species differs greatly in its habits from those of cwrulei- pennis and azurescens, which latter are only to be met with upon almost bare alkali flats and slopes. T. cyaneipennis, on the other hand, fre- quents rather well-clothed surfaces among the rocky talus of mountain sides, where it is found in company with Pycnodyctia Wheeleri? Thos., also a blue-winged Cidipodini. Trimerotropis azurescens sp. nov. This form differs from TY. cwruleipennis Bruner, with which it has hitherto been confounded, in the entire absence of all traces of the band on the wings, as also in the structure of the pronotum. It is also a slenderer and longer winged insect than that species. Vertex between the eyes very broad, depressed, and quite deeply suleate, with the median carina nearly as prominent as the bounding walls; the pit at the extreme vertex very weli defined but not quite so deep as in ceruleipennis. Eyes not quite as prominent as in that species, and with the frontal costa not so deeply sulcate as there. Pro- notum with the anterior lobe plain above, the median carina nearly equal throughout; posterior edge a little less than a right-angle. Wings a little more ample than in ceruleipennis, with the nerves of the outer half of the post-axillary field very irregular. Posterior femora shorter and narrower than in that species, and the antenn a little heaver and longer than there. General color light grayish yellow varied with brown. The teg- mina usuaily quite evenly flecked with quadrate fuscous spots, which in some specimens have a tendency of gathering into groups as in cwru. leipennis. Wings very delicate diaphanous ccerulean blue on the im- mediate basal portion from which point the color gradually fades out. ward, without the slightest indication in cell or vein of the usual dusky band—being the only species of the genus entirely without a trace of this character; veins and cross-veins black except at the immediate base and a small space on the axillary field towards the apex. Poste- rior femora dimly banded externally ; internally, alternately yellow aad TO NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDAS—BRUNER. black. Posterior tibia and tarsi yellow, with black spines. Anterior and middle legs mottled and banded with fuscous. Abdomen and un- der side dull whitish yellow or cream—color. Antenne very markedly annulate. Length of body, ¢, 20-23™™, 2, 29-31™™; ofantenne, ¢,10.0"™, °, 10™™; of pronotum, ¢, 5™™, ¢ ,6™™ >; of termina, 6, 25-20", 2 29- oem: of hind femora, 6,112", 9 13" ot hind tiDikey 0 5 Oo an eat ee 1aB.—Fort Benton, Mont., U.S. National Park, Wyoming, and Lemhi or Salmon River, Idaho (Bruner); Alkali Stage Station, Green River, Wyoming (S. H. Seudder). The present species is what might well be termed a barren ground locust from its habit of frequenting only desolate alkali flats and the dried-out beds of shallow saline lakes, where it maintains its almost solitary existence upon the few dwarfed and straggling Chenopodiacie that manage to draw a scant sustenance from the strongly impregnated soil. Trimerotropis bifasciata sp. nov. Having the general appearance of 7. pseudofasciata Seudd., and prob- ably that species as determined by Saussure [Prodrom. Cidipod, p. 172}. It differs from it, however, in several important characters. Head rather short and broad, eyes wider apart than usual in the genus, not prominent, fastigium bounded by well defined carinwe and separated from the sulcus of the frontal costa by a A-shaped carina, the apex of which continues as a median carina that divides the fastigiam into two longitudinal furrows that are interrupted about the center by a lateral triangular projection from the front edges of the eyes; pronotum rather short and broad, deeply cut by the last transverse sulcus, anterior lobe tuberculate, rather prominent, glossy, posterior lobe roughly gran- ulose, median carina distinct, twice notched, lateral carinwe forming well-defined shoulders to posterior lobe, posterior angle obtuse. General color ferruginous and ochraceous. The tegmina are rather shorter than usual and very distinetly bifasci- ate. The basal fourth dark chocolate brown, darkest at outer edge, and the second band a rather broad one of same color with its inner edge just about the middle of the elytra, and reaching entirely across; be- yond this the remaining portion is hyaline with a few inconspicuous spots confined to the upper and lower edges, veins and cross-veins dark. Posterior femora with the apex black internally and brown externally, followed below by a rather broad yellowish-white annulation and below this by one of black, giving it the appearance of that of Hadrottetix trifasciatus. Posterior tibize with the basal third yellowish and the re- mainder deep plumbeous. Wings with the basal half very light greenish yellow crossed by a rather narrow, interrupted, arcuate, fuliginous band, with the inner edge about the middle; beyond this band the wing is hy- aline with dusky nerves and cross-veins. Principal nerves of basal por- tion greenish. ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. (id: Size of T. cyaneipennis. Hazs.—Los Angeles, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett), . This locust has something of the appearance of a species very common jn the vicinity of Ogden, Utah, that I have referred to T. citrina Scudd., but is much heavier in its structure. it and 7. pacificus were taken upon a sandy, rather barren soil, judging from their glossy appearance. In addition to these there is a third species of this genus, which ap- pears to be new. The specimens here described were received from the same gentleman. Trimerotropis californica sp. nov. In size and general appearance this insect comes very close to T. ceruleipennis Bruner, from which, however, it is quite distinct as the color of the posterior tibiz and wings will at once indicate. It is also a somewhat slenderer species than the one named above. Vertex between the eyes moderately broad, fastigium as in T. ceru- leipennis, partly closed in front by the meeting of the lateral carinze which separate it from the rather deep quadrangular pit at the upper ex- tremity of the frontalcosta. Frontal costa nearly equal to ( 4 ) or expand- ing considerably ( 2 ) below the ocellus; not very deeply suleate. Anten- ne normal, not annulate, nearly black. Pronotum with the anterior lobe somewhat elevated, though much less so than in the species above re- ferred to, rather coarsely granulose; median carina well defined, poste- ~ rior border a right angle, lower posterior lateral anglesacute. Tegmina and wings moderately long and narrow, surpassing the abdomen nearly one-third of their length in the male, and about one-fourth in the female. Posterior femora nearly (2) or quite ( ¢ ) reaching the extremity of the body, somewhat slenderer than in 7. ceruleipennis. ‘General color above dirty yellowish gray profusely flecked with dull brown and black spots and dots. Tegmina with these brown spots con- gregated into three irregular, dim bands, situated as in T. vinculata. Wings yellow on the basal half, crossed in the middle by a moderately broad, dark, fuliginous band, which sends a humeral ray nearly to the base as well as along the humeral vein almost to the apex; apical por- tion hyaline, with the median, axillary and subaxillary veins black. Posterior femora crossed externally by three slightly oblique dusky bands, internally by the one nearest the apex; basal half and apex also black. Posterior tibizw with the base black, followed by a moderately wide annulus of whitish yellow, below which they are a bright coral red; tarsi also red. There is also a reddish hue upon the upper side of the abdomen—most decided in the male—yellowish white beneath. Length of body, ¢ ,22™™, 9, 24™™; of antenna, ¢,11.25™™, 2,9™™; of pronotum, 6 ,4.42™, °,5™™; oftegmina, ¢,24™™, 2, 25™™; of posterior femora, ¢,11.75™™, 2° ,13™™; of posterior tibie, ¢,11™™, 912.15". Described from two males and a single female. HaAs.—San Louis Valley, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett). NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA-—BRUNER. =I bo Trimerotropis modesta sp. nov. Pale tile’ color inclining to gray, with two rather narrow dusky bands upon the tegmina. Posterior tibie red; the wings with a wide, light, fuliginous, arcuate band just beyond the middle, the basal portion dull yellow. Vertex of moderate width, shallowly suleate, partly closed in front with the median carina faint; frontal costa not prominent, the sides a trifle constricted just below the ocellus, plain above, sulcate from the antenne down. Face distantly and shallowly punctate, slightly oblique. Pronotum with the disk nearly flat, the anterior lobe much the same as in T. thalaussica; posterior lobe coarsely granulated and furnished with a series of medium sized tubercles arranged in a similar manner with those of T. pistrinaria and T. laticincta Sauss. Tegmina as long as the body, extending about one-fourth of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen. Posterior tibiz and femora heavy, as long as the abdomen. General color pale rust brown inclining to gray, lightest beneath. _Tegmina furnished with two narrow converging brown bands and a few scattered quadrate spots on the basal part of the apical third; wings pale yellow, crossed by a wide but not very dark fuliginous band shaped as in 7. vinculata, save that the distal ray reaches nearly to the base of the wing in the present species. Apical portion hyaline, with the principal veins infuscated. Posterior femora with but a single dusky band outside, and two black and three yellow ones inside. Pos- terior tibizw light coral red. Antenne very dark brown on the apical third and of the color of the body on the basal portion. Length of body, ¢,—™™, 2, 26™"; of antenne, ¢, —™™, 2, 10.5™™; of pronotum, 6, —™™, 2, 5.5™™; of tegmina, 6, —™™, 2, 26™™; of hind femora, ¢,—™™, 2, 13.25™™; of hind tibie, ¢, —™™, ¢, 12™. Described from two female specimens. HAB.—Silver City, N. Mex. (Charles H. Marsh). There is some resemblance between this insect and the one known as Conozoa Behrensii Sauss., but a comparison of the two will at once show their distinction. ‘The main cause of their resemblance is their color, and this resemblance becomes less apparent upon a slight cemparison. Trimerotropis thalassica sp. nov. About the size of T. vinculata Scudd. Varying in color from dark to griseo-testaceous, with the colored portion of the wings sea-green. Wings and tegmina but dimly banded. Posterior tibiz deep cerulean with basal annulus of dirty whitish. Head, when seen from in front, as broad above as below, a little longer than common with the species of the genus; the eyes rather large and prominent, separated above by the flat ( 2) or slightly suleate ( 3 ) ver- tex, which in both sexes is furnished with a faint median carina that terminates in front without perceptibly branching and uniting with the you Au] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73 lateral carine; frontal costa of nearly equal. width throughout, sulecate only at the ocellus. Face minutely punctate, the puncte brown or black. Antenne of the normal length, light testaceous, with very faint anuulations of a darker color. Pronotum somewhat smoother than usual, the anterior lobe but gently raised above; the median carina rather faint and nearly equal; posterior angle slightly acute in the male, abouta right angle in the female; posterior lateral edges furnished with a minute tooth-like downward projection as in T. californica and T. pacifica, the lower angle with the apex minutely rounded. Tegmina moderately narrow, the veins and cross-veins not prominent, the latter more numerous than usual on the apical third. Posterior femora nor- mal, reaching the tip of the abdomen in both sexes; posterior tibiz in the single female specimen examined greatly sinuous. General color dark gray ( ¢ specimen) to testaceous gray ( 2 specimen), evenly and minutely flecked with dusky dots, thereby giving the surface a granular appearance. Tegmina very dimly (¢) or with the bands moderately well defined, brown and arranged as in 7. vinculata (¢). Wings deep sea-green, alittle the lightest in the female, witha very faint fuliginous arcuate band just beyond the middle in the male, but in the female indicated only by the infuscation of the nerves belongiug to that region; apical portion hyaline with most of the veins dark. Posterior femora black internally with a preapical yellowish annulus, externally without any bands, but furnished with an upper and lower elongate black spot in advance of the pale annulus. There is also a faint green- ish tinge on the basal portion of the abdomen above. : Length of body, 6,20", 2, 26°": of antenne, 6 ,9™™, 2, 9.307"; of pronotum, fe ie Soot Ol Leamint,. 6. 217, 9, 26™™ : of hind femora, ¢ 10:57", 2, 13.8o™™ ; of hind tibi, -¢, 9™™, 9, 12.15™™. Has.—Los Angeles, Cal., in September and October (A. Koebele). Trimerotropis pacifica sp. nov. Size and markings similar to those of 7. vinculata. Pronotum quite long and smooth. Head deeper than usual in the genus. This locust has a slight general resemblance to one form of Hadro- tettiv trifasciatus Say, and, if it were not for other characters which for- bid its being placed there, [ should feel inclined to refer it to that genus. Head and thorax deeper than usual in the genus, with the carinve and angles well defined, but otherwise appearing smooth and glossy to the naked eye. The magnifying glass, however, reveals numerous small pits or poculi that are evenly distributed throughout the face as well as the anterior lobes of the pronotum. Fastigium of the vertex flat, slop- ing gently forward and divided into two lateral halves by a rather prominent median carina, with the lateral edges rather blunt but plainly visible, continuous with the carin of the frontal costa, expanding slightly but evenly downward, fading before reaching the clypeus, deeply sul- cate. deepest at the ocellus, bounding walls prominent but rounded, 74 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDAZ—BRUNER. smooth. Ocellus and lateral ocelli very round and shining, ferruginous. Antenne a trifle longer than usual in the genus, somewhat flattened. Pronotum deeper than usual, expanding slightly downward to the lower edges anteriorly so as to make them nearly parallel; posterior lower an- gles more acute than inany other species with which I am acquainted ; dorsum with the median carina visible and nearly equal throughout, twice notched; the middle lobe very short, expanding rapidly posteriorly, lateral carinz visible as rounded shoulders on the posterior lobe; pos- terior edge a little more than a right-angle. Tegmina and wings as in T. vinculata. Generalcolor light cinereous, with a plumbeous tinge about the head and pronotum, mottled with dark brown. Head dirty bluish white, darkest above, the pits appearing as specksof dust; antennee dark ferruginous, annulated with ochraceous, eyes ferruginous; p.onotum cinereous with acentral quadrate whitish spot upon the lateral lobes, posterior margin marked with a series of dark brown spots. Tegmina marked with dark brown, much as in J. vinculata, save the middle band, which here only reaches two-thirds across the wing, and if anything the apex is less mottled than in that species; wings with the base very light yellow, crossed by a rather narrow fuliginous band, which is divided into two parts by the yellow humeral veins; humeral portion extending nearly to the base of the wing, the portion beyond the dusky band hyaline with the nerves whitish except at the extreme tip, where they are fuliginous. Posterior femora as in 7. vinculata, posterior tibize yellowish wiih black- tipped spines. Length of body, 23™ ; of antenne, 14™; of pronotum, 6"; of teg- mina, 25™" ; of posterior femora, 9™™"; of posterior tibiae, 8™™. Described from a single male. HAB.—Los Angeles, Cal. (D. W. Coquillett). Trimerotropis perplexa sp. nov. A peculiarly perplexing form belonging to the group of non-banded winged species and resembling to a certain extent the 7’. azurescens of the extreme west and northwest, but from which it is to be distin- guished by its more robust form, shorter and broader tegmina and wings, and in the much heavier posterior femora. Vertex between the large moderately prominent eyes, broad, smooth and quite deeply suleate, with well defined lateral and longitudinal median carine, the latter branching at the apex of the fastigial de- pression and uniting with the lateral in front and continuing poste- riorly upon the occiput almost to the front edge of the pronotum; frontal costa moderately broad, with well defined edges, quite deeply (¢) or more shallowly (2) sulcate, not continuous with the sulcus of vertex. Pronotum nearly as broad as long, the surface finely rugose, the disk nearly flat, the anterior lobes quite smooth and but gently raised above; the median carina nearly equal and quite plain throughout; eee PROCEFDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. (5) lateral lobes with the anterior and posterior edges almost parallel. The lower posterior angle evenly rounded; first and last transverse im- pressed lines continuous, the latter considerably in advance of the middle; posterior extremity more than a right-angle. Tegmina rather broad, and shorter than in the allied forms, reminding one of these members in the genus Circotettix, and especially those of C. maculatus, not reaching more than one-fifth of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen. Wings nearly as broad as long in some specimens. The radial or anal field full and furnished with strong radial veins, the cross-veins few and quite irregular in their arrangement. Posterior femora robust, almost reaching the extremity of the abdomen in both sexes. Abdomen a little heavier than usual in members of the genus. Body without the pruinescens or hairs usual in other species found in like localities. General color light gray, varied and mottled with dull or plain brown; in some specimens inclining to pale fawn or testaceous. Teg- mina more or less densely mottled with pale brown quadrate spots that show a tendency to congregate into three patches, the one occu- pying the basal third, the second the middle, and the third the outer third of the wing; remainder of wing light gray. Wings without any indication of transverse dusky band, the basal portion very pale dull yellow, inclining to greenish when seen as folded. The veins and cross- veins of apical half (save near the anterior edge where they are white) dusky, Posterior femora with the usual dusky markings outside, and with inner face and lower suleus chiefly black ; the posterior tibize pale greenish yellow with black spines. Antenne faintly annulate. Lensth..of body, oy 20°". 9.902" > ot antennz, 6, 127, 2, lim; Of pronotum,-¢, 4.855%, 2, 6.7o™™: of tegmina, ¢, 23™™, 9, 23m"; of hind femora, ¢, 11.5™", 2, 14.15™™. Described from 4 male and 7 female specimens. Hasp.—Bad Lands, about five or six miles to the north of Chadron, Nebr., during the month of August (lL. Bruner). This peculiar locust, like all of the allied forms, is partial to nearly bare surfaces, and especially to such as have the soil more or less strongly impregnated with alkalies. Itis a noisy insect and produces a very decided clatter when upon the wing, showing that it is not distantly removed from the various members of the genus Circotettix, as many of its structural characters would also indicate. Circotettix lapidicolus sp. noy. Dark grayish brown, profusely mottled with dull black. Wings bot- tle-green without a well-defined dusky band; nerves and cross-veius of apical half more or less infuseated. Posterior tibiz glaucous with light basal annulus. Head of moderate size, the eyes quite prominent, giving the upper portion a square appearance. Vertex between the eyes of moderate 76 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. | width, somewhat narrower, with the sulcus of the fastigium also a trifle deeper than in C. undulatus, the bounding walls sharper and better de- fined than there and continuous witb the lateral carine of the frontal costa. The latter and also the lateral facial carinze much more prom- inent than in undulatus. It also differs from that species in its smoother body, more graceful and slenderer form, its longer and broader wings, and shorter antenn, which are very slender and thread-like. The chief and distinguishing characteristic of this species, however, is in the vena- tion of the hind wings. Instead of there being but a single vein along the middle of the axillary field there are two of nearly equal prom- inence; the secondary or auxiliary vein being a branch of the first radial which in the female unites with the primary vein several milli- meters before reaching the outer margin, but in the male continues parallel withor a little divergent from it to the edge. The radial veins here are no heavier in the male than in the female, and the cross-veins of the humeral area are irregular, while in wndulatus they are very regularly scalariform. There are also other slight differences in the venation of the wings between the two species, as there is also in the margin. Inl apidicolus the margin is even more undulate or lobed than in undulatus. General color dark-brownish cinereous, very profusely mottled with rather small quadrate fuliginous spots, giving the insect a dingy black color in imitation of the rocks among which they were taken. Wings bright bottle-green or greenish yellow with a very faint indication of the usual fuliginous band on the humeral field in some specimens, want- ing in others; apical portion with the veins and cross-veins black. Posterior tibiz glaucous, furnished with a moderately broad, light, testa- ceous, basal annulus; tibial spines black; tarsi testaceous. Antenne dimly annulate. Length of_body, 6, 307%, 92> 31™™> of antenna. .¢ ,9.0°", 206s of pronotum, ¢,6.3™™, 2,6.5™™; of tegmina, ¢ ,32™™, 2, 30.5™™; width of wing, 3, 21™, 2, 18.5™™; length of posterior femora, é and 2, 14m, OF tibie, oO and 92, 22s HAxB.—Salmon City, Idaho (Bruner). This locust was observed at but a single locality in the Salmon River range of mountains, west of Salmon City. It occurred among the fine rocks forming the talus at the foot of a high precipice facing the south. Although local, it is quite cominon, and was found in company with several other locusts, such as Arphia tenebrosa, Circotettix verruculatus, etc. In habits it is very similar to those of its allies, and during the hottest, brightest hours of noonday is to be seen and heard in the air, producing its clattering music, which is anything but soothing. Circotettix shastamus sp. noy. A moderately slender species about the size of or a little larger than C. verruculatus Kirby, but more closely related to C. undulatus Thos. — Wings with the disk yellow, brightest near the posterior outer edge. ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 77 Structure and markings of head, pronotum, and tegmina as in C. lapidicolus Bruner, but differing from that species in the venation and coloring of the wings. There is but a single axillary vein present in the male of this species, while in verruculatus and lapidicolus there are two; undulatus also has the secondary vein present, although much obliterated. Besides this difference in the axillary field there is also a difference in the venation of the radial field—the present species hav- ing the cells of the outer edge very regular, short and wide, and the radial veins very strong. Posterior tibia glaucous, the spines black. Apical portion of the wing hyaline, with dark veins and cross-veins preceded by a slight indication of a fuliginous band. Length of body, a 2 fe) ; —mm 5 oft antenne, a - Sum Hy —mm s of pronotum, ¢, 5.5™™, 2,—™"; of tegmina, ¢, 28™7, 2,—™™:; of hind femora, ¢,12™™, 2,—™™; greatest breadth of wing, 6, 17", Q ; —mm, Described from a single male specimen. HAB.—Hazel Creek, Shasta County, Cal., in the month of August (Jas. Behrens). Cidipoda (?) occidentalis sp. nov. [Pl. I, Fig. 7.] Resembling rather distantly the various members of the genns Cir- cotettiz, but with much shorter tegmina and wings. Dirty grayish brown, the mottlings on the tegmina gathered into obscure bands. Wings light greenish yellow, without the usual fuliginous band in most specimens, apical half hyaline with the nerves and cross-veins dark. Head short and broad, widening but gently below, the face straight, perpendicular. Antenne of medium length, a little heavy, with the joints somewhat flattened, the apex acuminate in the male. Vertex considerably depressed, between the rather prominent, almost globular, eyes nearly (4) or quite as broad as their shortest diameter (2), the suleus irregular, a little expanding in front, quite shallow, furnished with a distinct longitudinal median carina that divides in front and after joining with the lateral carinze continues down the face as the walls of the frontal costa; frontal costa rather wide, a little constricted at the upper end and just below the ocellus, from this latter point ex- panding and reaching the clypeus, a rather deep A-shaped pit at its upper extremity, plain between the antenne, sulecate at and below the ocellus. Face coarsely pitted and transversely wrinkled. Pronotum short and broad, rapidly widening posteriorly ; anterior lobe short, rounded above, nearly equal, coarsely wrinkled transversely and sev- ered from the front edge of the posterior lobe by the deep last trans- verse impressed line; posterior lobe coarsely and closely granulate, with well-defined shoulders; median carina slight, twice severed, the last only one-third the distance from the front edge; posterior extremity nearly (2) or quite(é) aright-angle; anterior edge slightly advauced 78 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDZ—BRUNER, upon the occiput; lower lateral edges rather more rounded than in the allied forms. Teginina moderately broad, and very closely reticu- lated—so much so as to give the unmagnified surface a sort of granu- lar appearance—most of the cross-veins as heavy as the veins, extend- ing a little beyond the tip of the body in both sexes. Posterior femora ample, with heavy carina, considerably longer than the tibiz, reaching the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. General color dirty grayish brown, inclining to ferruginous in some specimens, lightest beneath. The tegmina mottled with small quad- rate fuscous spots, which are gathered into groups forming two dim bands, the one with its outer edge defining the basal third, and the second across the middle of the wing; there are also a few scattered spots on the apical third; all the nerves and veins of the tegmina are brownish testaceous, darkest near the base, the wing itself being dull dirty yellow becoming more or less transparent apically. Wings light greenish yellow on the basal half, usually without any well-defined fuliginous band, but in some specimens represented by a very faint cloudiness in some of the cells just beyond the middle of the wing; veins and ecross-veins of the apical half of the wing black, which on the middle of the humeral field reach nearly to the base. Posterior femora with the basal half of the inner face and lower sulcus black, the former followed by a narrow yellow then a black band; externally crossed by two faint dusky oblique bands; posterior tibiz glaucous with a rather wide dul) yellow annulus just below the knee; spines black. Antenne dark, obscurely annulate. Length of body, ¢, 17™™, 2,21"; of antenne,@6, 17"; 2, 622s o£ pronotum, ¢.;:3.6"™, -2, 4o™™: of teeming, ¢. 1hb™™) 2. 19nes ob hind femora, ¢, 10°"). 2. 120" 3 of hind iibia.: ¢ S500 2 owe. HAB.—On high stony hill-tops to the southwest of San Francisco, Cal., late in October (Koebele, Bruner). Thrincus (?) avidus sp. nov. [Pl. I, Figs. 2, 3.] Considerably larger than Thrincus californicus Thos., with the teg- mina and wings much longer than these. Cinereo-testaceous, profusely mottled with dull rust brown and black. Head proportionately broader and longer than in T. californicus, and less sunken into the front edge of the pronotum than in that species. Vertex between the eyes a very little broader ( 4), or nearly twice as broad (¢) as the diameter of the basal antennal joint, depressed, roundly sulcate, rather shallowly in the female but deeper in the male, the lateral carine parallel, reaching trom near the posterior edge of the eyes deflecting and meeting in front in a right angle; frontal costa rather narrow above, expanding below and fading just before reaching the clypeus, gently suleate throughout in both sexes. Face, sides of head and thorax coarsely pitted and wrinkled, giving the surface a very rough appearance. Pronotum short and broad, the anterior lobe with ae | PROCEEDINGS.OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79 the sides nearly parallel, rounded above; posterior lobe rapidly ex- panding, the disk nearly flat, coarsely granulate ; median carina almost obsolete; posterior edge forming a rather obtuse angle with the apex cut off. Tegmina and wings extending about one-third ( 2) or only one- fifth of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen (2). Posterior ‘femora rather heavy, just reaching 2, or slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen ¢; posterior tibiw with the spines few, long, and stout. General color cinereo-testaceous, profusely mottled with dull rust brown and black, darkest above. The face and sides of pronotum and body thinly covered by a whitish, mealy powder or pruinescens. Teg- mina irregularly mottled with numerous quadrate brown spots which arrange themselves in rows along the dorsal edges; wings pellucid on the basal third, beyond this hyaline inclining to pale fuliginous api- cally, the veins and cross-veins of the outer two-thirds for the most part dusky. Posterior femora marked externally in the middle with a faint and preapically with a nearly black fascia; tibiz inclining to light blue-gray along the bases of the spines which latter are black tipped; anterior and mide legs mottled, the mottlings congregating into obscure bands. Antenne testaceous, a little infuscated apieally, in some specimens annulate. mensth, of body,.¢, lom, 2, 276. of antenna, ¢, 6™™, 2, 8.2mm; On pronetum, 655°", 2, d.lo™™: of tegmina, ¢, 17™™, 2, 25™™; of hind femora, ¢, 9™, 2, 14.5™"; of hind tibie, ¢, 8.1, 9, 12m; greatest width of thorax, ¢, 4.85™™, 2, 8™™, ; Hap.—Arid slopes back of Albuquerque, N. Mex., in May (H. Bru- ner). Thrincus (?) maculatus sp. nov. The female quite large and robust; grayish, heavily mottled with dark brown or dull black; posterior femora with lower sulcus on inner face deep purple-red ; tibize with inner edge also of same coior. | Vertex between the eyes moderately wide, shallowly sulcate, with a rather prominent median longitudinal carina that extends from the apex across occiput to front edge of pronotum; there is also a more or less distinct transverse ridge just about the middle that divides the sulcus into four nearly equal subquadrate fields, the two posterior ones with their surface smooth and well defined, the anterior two, rough and dim in outline; lateral fovealz obsolete, and their place occupied by a raised triangular field, in the center of which are situated the large lateral ocelli; frontal costa quite broad above, a little contracted just above the antenne, and terminating immediately below the ocellus, at which it is a trifle depressed ; lateral facial carine tortuous, rather dim; eyes large and prominent, reniform, fully as long as that portion of the cheeks just beneath; antenne filiform, nearly as long as the head and prono- tum combined. Pronotum widening posteriorly, rugose tuberculate, the disk nearly flat; the three transverse impressed lines nearly equally plain, continuous, the last a little in advance of the middle; anterior SO NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDIDA—BRUNER. edge nearly straight, posterior edge a little acute-angled, with the apex rounded, entire pronotum strongly marginate. Tegmina straight and moderately broad; reaching fuliy one-fourth their length beyond the tip of the abdomen; the veins moderately well defined, wings normal. Posterior femora, with their base not greatly inflated; the carine and pinue of outer and inner disks strong, but not prominent, extending slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen. Tibize strong, few-spined and somewhat hirsute; anterior and middle femora with their apices inflated beneath externally. General color dirty grayish white, inclining to a pale testaceous in some specimens, very heavily blotched and mottled with dull black or ‘dark brown, most heavily upon the tegmina, which in some specimens are almost entirely obscured with the darker color. Posterior femora and tibiz with their inner face deep purplish red. Antenne fuscous, annulate with testaceous. There is usually a more or less distinct pruinescens upon the entire upper surface of the insect, which in con- junction with its dull color would render its detection exceedingly diffi- cult in the desert. Length of body, 2? ,45™™; of antenna, 12™™; of pronotum, 9.5-10.25™™ ; of tegmina, 35-37"; of hind femora, 20™™; greatest width of thorax, ey Described from four female specimens. Has.—Needles, California (Wickham). Genus Haldemanella Sauss. In a recent work* Mr. Henry de Saussure establishes the genus Haldemanella for the reception of certain large locusts that inhabit the arid regions of Arizona and New Mexico. Of these two species have been described by American authors, viz: EHphippigera tschivavensis Haldemann and Hremobia magna Thos. In 1872, Mr. Townend Glover figured an insect under the manuscript name of Phrynotettia verruculata Uhler, which also belongs here [Illustr. Amer. Entom. Orthopt., Pl. V1, figs. 25, 25 side view]. This latter evidently is synonymous with Haldemann’s tschivavensis ; while Thomas’ insect is distinct, as can be seen by comparing the two descriptions and figures. I herewith add a third to these toad-like locusts of the deserts. The genus Haldemanella can be characterized as follows : Body very obese, depressed, rugose, somewhat pubescent. Antenne filiform, moderately long. The head not large; the face vertical, broadening a little below; the vertex between the eyes broad, declivant in front; the eyes rather large and prominent; the frontal costa quite wide and prominent above between the antenne, fading be- low the ocellus. Lateral foveole nearly obsolete, in the female, minute in the males, where they are triangular. Lateral ocelli transparent. *Additamenta ad Prodromum (Edipodiorum, p. 153. eo PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81 Pronotum broad and shield-like; the front lobe strongly coarctate above, the hind lobe broad and flattened and drawn out to a prolonged point behind. Tegmina and wings abbreviated; the former in the female lateral, about as broad as long, the apex broadly rounded, in the males sometimes fully two-thirds as long as the abdomen and meeting on the back. Abdomen heavy at the base but tapering rapidly backwards, not carinate. Tip of male abdomen strongly upturned, the last ventral segment small and entire. Posterior femora robust, pubescent, the upper and lower carine destitute of teeth; the tibix bowed, heavy. Entire surface with an earthy or dirt-covered appearance. Haldemanella robusta sp. nov. _A very distinctly marked species that differs considerably from both H. tschivavensis and H. magna. White, testaceous, and fawn color. Female very large and robust; the male more graceful. Pronotum, head and sides of thorax very rough—being ridged, pitted and ‘‘warty” in appearance, reminding one very much of the skin of our roughest toads. Vertex between the eyes very wide, equaling that of the shortest (¢) or fully equal to the longest diameter ( @ ) of the moderately prominent eyes; in the female plane, but broadly and ather deeply sulcate in the male; the apex greatly depressed and closed in front by a transverse carina; frontal costa very irregular, suleate above and below the antenne but plane between them, the sides somewhat contracted just below the fastigium and strongly pinched below the ocellus where they terminate, the costa continuing to the clypeus as a swelled ridge; antenne rather heavily filiform, reach- ing only to middle of pronotal shield, 22-jointed. Pronotum very large and shield-like, the surface very coarsely and irregularly rugose and tuberculate ; the anterior lobe without lateral carine, the middle and posterior lobes with these strongly marked ; anterior edge slightly ad- vanced in the middle; the posterior lobe greatly but broadly elongate, its edges undulate and toothed; the median carine perceptible only on posterior lobe; transverse sulci profound, continuous, the third in advance of the middle. Tegmina and wings abortive; the former, which are broadly rounded in the female, only reaching to front edge of second abdominal segment, in the male three-fifths as long as the abdomen, tapering; wings fully as long as the tegmina—both these and the former densely reticulate. Abdomen tapering rapidly in the female, but less so in the male, very faintly carined above; the apex of male quite strongly upturned, the last ventral segment conical; valves of the ovipositor exserted, short, strong, and unusually blunt. Posterior femora coarse and heavy, the carine of the outer disk rather inconspicuous, and the pinne distant and few; posterior tibizw heavy, bowed, the inner spines much the longest and heaviest, arcuate, very sparsely hirsute as is, in fact, the entire insect. Proc. N. M. 89——6 82 NEW NORTH AMERICAN ACRIDID®—BRUNER. General color (dried after remaining for a short period in alcohol) dirty white below; testaceous, marked with streaks and blotches of light reddish-brown above. The brown markings are arranged some- what as follows: Sides of frontal costa, the margin of clypeus, middle of cheeks, nearly all of occiput; on the pronotum along the line of lateral carine, a pair of stripes upon the disk that cross each other at first transverse sulcus, and four elongate dashes on disk of posterior lobe; also a median lateral band with a shorter one above near the posterior edge. Sides of thoracic and abdominal segments, anterior and middle femora and upper half of posterior femora also more or less mottled ; all of the tibs fasciate with brown and testaceous. Tegmina with the veins and a few mottlings of the brown, remainder testaceous. Markings of the female less conspicuous than those of the male. Length of body, ¢32™™, 246™ ; of antennae, é 11.5™™, 2 14™™; of pro- notum, ¢16™™, 2 22™; of tegmina, 6 14™™, 28.5™™; of hind femora, ¢ 17™™, 220.5™™; greatest width of pronotum, ¢9.75™™, 2 15™™, Described from two males and two females. HAB.—Collected in southern Arizona during the summer of 1887 by G. W. Dunn. Received from the curator of the museum of the Cali- fornia State University (Bruner). Like the other two described North American representatives of the genus this locust is also a denizen of the deserts, for which life it is eminently fitted, both as to structure and coloration. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM _ (Page 50.) Side view. 1. Dracotettix monstrosus, 2 2. Thrincus (2) aridus, 2. (Page 78.) 5. Thrincus (?) aridus,?. Dorsal view. (Page 78.) 4. Bootettix argentatus, ?. 5. Boodtettiv argentatus, &. (Page 58.) (Page 58.) . Psoloessa Buddiana. 2 . Edipoda (%) occidentalis. 2 . Eritettix abortivus, %. . Pedioscertetes pulchella, 3. . Mermiria terana, ¥ PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XII (Page 61 ) (Page 77.) (Page 56.) (Page 56.) (Page 60.) (Page 53 ) Eritettix abortivus, Q. RES CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COM- MANDER ISLANDS. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER AND FREDERIC A. LUCAS. (With Plates I1-Iv.) A.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE HISTORY OF PALLAS’ CORMORANT, BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER, Curator of the Department of Reptiles and Batrachians. About forty years ago the Great Auk (Plautus impennis) of the North- ern Atlantic became exterminated. -A vigorous search has been made for it and its remains; fabulous sums have been paid for skins and eggs; and monographers, among-whom some of the most prominent ornithelogists, have collected together the most minute facts bearing upon its history, and discussed in extreme detail the number of speci- mens extant as well as their individual history, so that the latest account of this remarkable bird fills a quarto volume of quite respect- able dimensions. There are now on record about eighty mounted specimens, or skins, seventy eggs, and countless bones as being pre- served in the various museums of the Old and the New World. Within the same period another large water bird has become extinct in the North Pacific, without having as yet attracted the attention of the monographers. It is so rare in collections that only four specimens are known to exist in museums, while nobody is the proud possessor of its eggs, and no bones had been found or preserved until I was so for- tunate some years ago as torescue afew of them. Yet, this bird was the largest and handsomest of its tribe. And so little has been known of it that there is not yet printed a detailed and good description of it. The bird which has fared so badly is Pallas’s Cormorant, or the Spec- tacled Cormorant, Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pall. I have recorded elsewhere (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, p. 65, and Bulletin U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 29, Res. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch., p. 180) my reasons for considering this species extinct and the causes which led to its extermination. It seems as if the very causes which terminated the existence of the Great Auk worked the same result in Pallas’s Cor- morant, and it is even probable that if the latter, at some earlier period, Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII, No. 765. 2 do 84 ON PALLAS’ CORMORANT—STEJNEGER AND LUCAS. also inhabited the other Aleutian Islands, as is most likely, volcanic eruptions may have played a role in this drama as well as in that of the Great Auk. True, the latter was entirely deprived of its power of flight, but it is evident both from the measurements of the skins as well as of those of the bones, given below, that the wings of this cormorant were disproportionately small. Steller speaks of its great bulk of body and its weight, which varied between twelve and fourteen pounds,* so that one single bird was sufficient for three starving men of the ship- wrecked crew. With this bulk it combined an unusual “ stoliditas,” but it is pretty clear that this stupidity, which made them such an easy prey, was due more to their slowness of locomotion on land and in the air than to any special temperament or dullness of intellect. The natives of Bering Island inform me that the meat of this species was particularly palata- ble compared with that of its congeners, and that consequently, during the long winter, when other fresh meat than that of the cormorants was unobtainable, it was used as food in preference to any other. In brief, all the circumstances combined to make short work at extermin- ating this bird at its last refuge, for there is no evidence that it has ever been found during historical times in any other locality than Bering Island. The result was that Pallas’s Cormorant, which was found by Steller and his shipwrecked comrades on that desolate island in 1741, and which at that time—tliat is, before man ever visited its rocky shores—occurred there in great numbers, “frequentissimi,” as Steller says, became extinct in about a hundred years from its discovery. ‘The history of this bird forms an interesting parallel to that of the great northern sea-cow (lytina gigas). Up to 1837 or 1839 Steller seems to have been the only naturalist who had seen this bird, for, although naming it in his Zoographia, all Pallas knew of the species was derived from Steller’s observations, whose de. scription he merely quotes. It is, then, safe to conclude that it was not among the many water birds collected by Billings’s expedition, which brought. home such rich spoils from the Kuriles and the Aleutian Island, but which did not touch at Bering Island. Im the above-mentioned year Captain Belcher, with the Sulphur, visited Sitka, and was there presented by Kuprianoff, the Russian governor, with one of the speci- mens of this bird in his possession. This specimen is evidently the one now in the British Museum, while the others went to the St. Petersburg Academy, from which one was again secured by the Leyden Museum. Although obtained from the governor in Sitka, there is nothing to indi- cate whence came the specimens; but inasmuch as Bering Island at that time belonged to the administrative district of Sitka, at which port all the furs were received from that island before being shipped to Europe, *The average length of wing of adult Ph. perspicillatus is 355™™ (see table beyon |) and the weight 12 to 14 pounds. Compare with this the fact recorded by me (Orn. Expl. Kamtsch., p. 186) that Ph. urile, the nearest ally of the present species, weighs only 5 pounds, with a length of wing of 300™™, ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85 all vessels from Bering Island consequently first stopping at Sitka, there is every probability that the specimens in question were collected on thatisland. This conclusion is corroborated by the manner in which P. perspicillatus and Leucosticte griseogenys are mentioned together. So far as known, these are the only specimens in existence, viz: Two in the museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg ; one in the British Museum, London; one in the “ Rijks Museum,” Ley- den, Holland. Several pictures of Pallas’s Cormorant have been published. A large colored plate by Wolf, from the British Museum specimen, is in Elliot’s Birds of North America, a reduced wood engraving copy of which is given in the Standard Natural History (or Riverside Natural History), vol. Iv, p. 192. The same specimen is also figured in two different posi- tions by Gould in the Zoology of the voyage of the Sulphur, and poorly copied in Reichenbach’s “ Natatorum Novitix.” In Schlegel’s “ Dieren- tium,” p. 281, there is a wood-cut, probably taken from the Leyden speci- men. According to Dr. Finsch (Abh. Natur. Hist. Ver. Bremen, II, 1872, p. 20) this species, undoubtedly from one of the St. Petersburg specimens, is represented on plate v, Fig. 4, of Brandt’s ‘Icon. Ay. Ross,” a work which was never published. Dr. Theodor Pleske kindly writes me in regard to the specimens in St. Petersburg: Through the kind offices of Dr. Pleske | have received from Profes- sor Brandt’s heirs that part of the manuscript of his unpublished mono- graph of the Cormorants, which relates to the species in question, with permission to publish it. The description is very full, and being the only accurate and detailed description of the species I take great pleas- ure in printing it in full. In order to avoid any errors | deem it best to publish it in the language in which it was originally written. I have preceded this description with asynonymy which is thought to be nearly exhaustive. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus PALL. 1826.—Phalacrocorax perspicillatus PaLLtas, Zoogr. Ross. As. U, p. 305.—GOULD, Zool. Sulphur, p. 49, pl. xxxii (1844).—BoNsPaRTE, Consp. Av. I, p. 167 (1855).—Id., Compt. Rend., 1856, xLu1, p.—TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Faun. Vert. Sibir., p. 66 (1877).—Jd., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877, p.41.—RipG@way, Nomencl. N. Am. 8., p.51 (1851).—Jd., Man. N. Am. B., p. 81 (1887).—CovuEs, Check L. and Dict., p. 118 (1882).—Jd., Key, 2ed., p.—(18—).—Jd., Auk, 1804, p. 144.—Id , Key, 3 ed., p.— (18—).—STEJNEGER, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus, v1, 1883, p. 65.—Id., ibid., x, 1887, p. 138.—Id., Auk., 1884, p. 173.—Jd., Orn. Expl. Kamtsch., pp. 180, 318 (1885).—Jd., Stand. Nat. Hist., rv, p. 191, Fig. 92 (1885).—BairD, BREWER, & RipGway, Water B., N. Am., I1., p. 164, fig. (1884).—A. O. U. Code and Check L., p. 351 (1886). 1858.—Graculus perspicillatus LAWRENCE, in Baird, B. N. Am., p. 877 (1858).—ScBLE- GEL, Mus. P.-Bas, Pelec., p. 17 (1863).—Zd., Dierentuin, p. 281, fig. (1871).— Ex.iot, B. N. Am., pt. —, pl. 50 (——).—Gray, Hand-l., m1, p. 127 (1871).— CouEs, Key, 1 ed., p. 304 (1872).—Jd., Check L., p. 101 (1873). 1850.—Graculus urile REICHENBACH, Natat. Novit., pl. xvu1, Figs. 2311 and 2312 (nee GMEL.) (Cf. Bonap., Consp, Av. 1, p.168, and A. B, Meyer, Index Reichenb., p. 44; no name on the plate!) 86 ON PALLAS’ CORMORANT—STEJNEGER AND LUCAS. Brandt’s description, here published for the first time, is literally as follows: DESCRIPTIO. Carbo perspicillatus specierum generis Carbonum hucusque notorum maximam si8- tere videtur. Corporis enim mole Carborem cormoranum superat. Rostrum robustum, satis altum, modice elongatum, nigrum, apice summo albicanti- corneo, basi marginibusque tamen corneo. Culminis basis supra rotundata, convexa, medium supra subrectum. Culminis margine anterioris subrecti apex supra dertri basin haud prominens sed angusta sutura distinctum. Culminis superior facies nec non paratonorum atque gnathidiorum apice uncato, acuto, elongato, gonydem in rostro clauso longe superante. Exterior facies tenuiter per longitudinem subelevato- striata, striis teneris plus minusve parallelis. Dertrum in baseos faciei superioris lateribus sulco arcuato satis profundo exaratum, in facie laterali autem sulcis pa- rum distinctis, transversis, obliquis, subparallelis 2 vel tribus instructum. Gonys subrecta et in medio vix prominens. Myxa apice truncato rotundata. Frontis antica pars, genae, regio ophthalmica, spatium angustum pone oris angu- lum, mentum et gulae summum initium nuda cinnabarina, albo et coeruleo varia ut in gallopavone (Steller). In genis penne brevissimae, solitariae, sparsae. Oculi annulo membranaceo, nudo, elevato, subelliptico, lato, albo, perspicillum quodam- modo aemulante, cincti. Inter oculi annulum et superiorem oris anguli marginem calvum spatium triangulare pennis brevibus obsessum.* Alae complicatae vix ad uropygii posteriorem extremitatem porrigentes. Cauda inverti subspathulata, basi angustior, e pennis 12 composita. Tarsi pro magnitudine admodum breves. Color in universum ater. Capitis anterior pars cum gula initio violaceonitens. Capitis posterior pars, collum, pectus, abdomen, dorsum, crissum et uropygium ob- scure vel aureo viride nitentia luce angulo plus minusve recto in observatoris oculos reflexa plus minusve obscure violascentia. Pennae parapterii et humerales nec non tectrices alarum supra e subpurpurascente violaceo-nitidae, anguste nigro-margin- atae, rotundatae vel obtuse subacuminatae, apice fere subellipticae. Remiges primariae et tectrices alarum inferiores e subfuscescente nigrae. Remiges secunda- riae nigrae, limbo externo plus minusve subnitide purpurascente violaceae. Cauda cum tectricibus atra, subopaca. Rectricum scapi supra ad apicem usque albi, mar- ginibus nigricantibus, apice autem cum inferiore facie nigri. Frontis posterioris partis et verticis pennae dilatatae medio atrae marginibus subpurpureo-violascente vel interdum subyvirescente nitidulae in cristam subtetragonam antice angustiorem basi latam, suberectam retrorsum spectantem, postice subtruncatam, 3” fere longam apice 2” latam insignem elevatae. In occipitis postrema parte et cervicis summo crista alia 2” longa 24’ lata, flabelliformis, basi angustior e peunis satis latis atris margine virescentibus media plus minusve subpurpurescentibus formata, retrorsum spectans conspicitur. In frontis medio supra oculos, in temporibus et in lateribus superioris partis colli pennae candidae angustae + ad #? lineae latae elongatae, 1-3” longae, lineares, acutae, fere subsetaceae, subsolitariae sparsae invenientur, quarum quae in fronte sunt breviores, interdum pollicares vel paulo ultra; quas vero in collo observare licet multo longiores, 2-3’ longi evadunt. Praeterea vero etiam in tem- poribus et collo pennulae albae breves penicilliformes apice tantum radiolatae. In femoribus macula candida triangularis a quovis hypochondrio late incipiens et ad crus usque angulo acuminatio extensa e pennis longis, valde acuminatis apicibus radiolis rarioribus compositis formata. Pedes atri unguibus obscure corneis. Feminae Stellero auctore et cristis et membrana perspicilliformi, alba oculos late cingente carent. Pondus Stellero auctore 12-14 librarum. *Ob hancce annulum peculiarem Pallasius haud incommode speciem nostram per- spicillatum nominavit. a eeniat PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87 Mensurae avis adultae in Museo Academico servatae. A rostri apice ad caudae apicem....-........... at oe stisca ete oe coe eee cane 39! AC eIRONLOMIp esse elena ce o cnc eters sec oe ac oe oo Comoe b oacels aie Gis AOL OH: ARGUUITW EC SeLES 3808 GoOSE Se SOAECC SESE RAE See a aera Ag gitt AGIHOMiMACECAMO RE -WASLN sehierte secs mee choca cess skincus ehaedeseccod cane ables are O (ta COTS TopGear ae eters ts oe oe are esos ccs oe ase ceils / neice ootioeee Ieee ets Ab alarum angulo humeali ad remigum apicem........-...02......2-2----. 13 3” Re COMTI s aletenti awa £epsseee eC « wefamsie Sea enlsoploe cate cceascvsens al! Bl! Params MLA eee ee Sn eye oes cok dd cdc c ot Tecss oteetsise ss PMA Longitude digiti intern ad unguis basin..2.....2... 2 ese ce ccede woes bee 1" Bi" FOGWITGN SSE Ae A ree eee me oo i ae UCVATILS | 5 0 SA ee Ls CUaAnbb ROMS OXtOLO ve <2 = lisz seus ae cw co 4 OM 1 have thought it useful to tabulate the measurements given by the various describers reduced to millimeters : Brandt, Gould, Schlegel, Specimen in| Specimen in | Specimen in Museum St. | British Mu- | Leyden Mu: Petersburg. seum. | seum, Motalslon pte: vec ecce seis sisciitisanisis ate msinsscicctesbiccmebic’s 1055 O14 fe creosote Billttomtorc head semcseee cies reser stan anee ness ce ljlse ram UB bseqsececckese llores w arsyere enero eats SUL TOW PANS R ce aowemceicelee\sieiecis's cisisicisisic'sSe scissc ese cass eccis's NOM ese copscacedd ledocecaecocnae Peers aan actoetan esis S SEHR CIDR INO CODUDOGD ASCO O06 HO RERACAChC HEREC acme sae 102 81 Hero nc otepillimwmid los seet clssises scteeeiic cies access cece (se odoscetemecclaceceseecs cons 18 WAN oro cise bree ontiacctiet cacenetwoscrecamgcnscsceaneccses 359 356 351 ER ete aes ose Jaee a clee acer molec doen esenenseease stmeccl=s 201 229 | 189 SRATSUS eter ete aoc elec = | seu : ; 50). | 17041). | seum, 535) 12502) 18050) le Bee ee path de ale se Se Pelvis—Continued : | | | G-_eatest width of ilio-ischiatic space. .....---.--. 18 13 13 10 From dorsal edge of ilium, above the ilio-ischiatic | foramen, to ventral edge of ischium......--.-. 28 23 23 19 Length of ilio-pubic articulation..............-:. Ah : 28 | 15+ | 23 Between posterior terminations of ischia......... 46 | 40 42 40 Femur: | | engthe oe. ae wa Sa ptare ninietatarerata aialeratasicteie staat ats 7 70 66 | 55 Greatest proximal width= ssnq--sp-aceceea ee | Da Be 19 16) 3 eer 3 Greatest diameter midway between extremities _| 1 Keen 10 ee 8 Greatest distalewid these. -- sce eeee eee 22 18 1G at 15+ Tibia: | LEG TT eee ceseacd secre ponsancacocss sSeeesges 140 127 al rae 102 Width across cnemial ridges ...-...-----.------- } 15} 13 1 Deeks 10 Width at distal end of articulation with fibula...) 15 13 ils 7 13. Least transverse diameter of shaft-./............ Bek 8 Tay 7 Wistalwidths2 sess sc cests one oe shee ceseeeteee 16 15D nt 12 | 13 “Tarsus :”’ ers) TSG Neeeoueesnepaecne Pe epaeadeoOeocardepsscasn 71 (2 60 | 62 Proximal transverse width...-.:.-..-.....-.....: 19 | 16 14 | 14 Distaliwidth? <3 oo so.ce-eece se cee Sowa wales 20=| 18 ue | 14 DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF SNAKES FROM CALI- FORNIA. BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER, Curator of the Department of Reptiles and Batrachians. In 1861 Prof. E. D. Cope established the genus Lichanura for L. trivir- gata, which at the same time he described as new, from specimens in the Smithsonian Institution and the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. Of the types in the former, collected by J. Xantus at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, only one specimen now remains (U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 15502), and since then only one additional specimen has been received, viz, No. 12602, which was collected by Mr. L. Belding at La Paz. For this genus Prof. Cope, in 1868 (Proc. Ac. Philada., 1868, p. 2), instituted the family Lichanuride, but afterwards, having been able to study the anatomy of these and allied forms, he referred Lichanura to the Boide. Its external distinctive characters are givenas: Tail prehensile, [though in buta slight degree]; scales smooth; no labial fossee; muzzle and front sealed ; nasal plates meeting (Bull. 32, U.S. Nat. Mus.). To the type species the same author, in 1868 (1. ¢.), added two more species, L. myriolepis and L. roseofusca, the type specimens of which ap- pear to be in his private collection. The distinguishing characters were derived from differences in the number of scale rows, labials, and scales composing the orbital ring, as well as in the coloration. These two species which, like the type, came from Lower California, are entirely overlooked by Bocourt in his great work on the Reptiles of Mexico (Mission Scientif. au Mexique, Rech. Zool, etc., 1882), while Garman (North Amer. Rept., Ophid, 1883) simply enumerates them as syn- onyms of the original type species. Besides the short description of L. trivirgata in Jau’s Iconogr. génér. Ophid., 2° livr., 1865 (pp. 69 and 70), reproduced in Bocourt’s work already referred to (p. 514), nothing of im- portance seems to have been published in regard to these interesting snakes. It should be remarked, however, that Professor Cope still ad- heres to the distinctness of the species described by him (see Bull. 1, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1875, p. 43, and Bull. 32, 1887, p. 65). From the above it will be seen that the genus Lichanura, the. only North American genus of the family Boida, has hitherto not been re- corded from the United States. It was, therefore, very interesting to receive from Miss Rosa Smith a Lichanura, from San Diego, and from Mr. C. R. Ureutt another from the same locality, as well asa third one collected in the Colorado Desert. Upon examination the latter proved Proceedings of the National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 766. ; 95 96 NEW SNAKES FROM CALIFORNIA—STEJNEGER. to be quite different from the species hitherto described, and I propose to call it * Lichanura orcutti. Lichanura orcutti sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—NSeales in 33 to 35 rows; eye encircled by 9 or 10 scales ; Jorealst 4; labials +35; gasterosteges 232; anal entire; urosteges 45, entire. HaAB.—Colorado Desert, San Diego County, California. Type.—U. 8S. National Museum, No. 15503; C. R. Oreutt coll., April, 1889. Description of type spectmen.—Rostral plate very prominent, recurved, pentagonal, its nasal border twice as long as its labial; eye surrounded by a ring of scales of nearly equal size, 10 on the right side, but only 9 on the left; between the posterior nasal and the middle preoe lar two large loreal scales, and under the posterior one, wedged in between it, the middle and lower prefrontals, and fourth, fifth, and sixth supra- labials, a somewhat smaller subloreal; over the postericr loreal a super- loreal of medium size; nasal divided, the anterior plate meeting the one of the other side; back of these a pair of rather large anterior pre- frontals followed by four smaller posterior prefrontals, or what cor- responds to these plates where a frontal exists, the outer ones being larger than those in the middle; posterior to these the head is covered with numerous rather irregular scales; supralabials 13, the first four highest; infralabials 15, gradually diminishing in height from the pair joining the triangular mental; mental fissure separating four pairs of scales; scales of body smooth, in 33 to 35 longitudinai rows, the inferior on each side slightly larger than the rest; gasterosteges narrow. 232 ; anal small, entire; tail short, blunt; urosteges 45, entire. Fig. 1.—Lichanura orcutti. Dimensions.—Total length, 870™™; length of tail from anus, 110™™; diameter of eye, 3™"; from tip of muzzle to anterior border of eye, 11™™; proportion of last two measurements=1: 3.7. Coloration.—Ground color light bluish gray, with a light brownish wash on the upper surface; three longitudinal ill-defined, zigzag bands of a pale raw umber brown running the whole length of the body, the *The diagnosis, reprinted from advance sheets of the present article, is published in the ‘‘ West American Scientist.” t By loreals are here meant all the scales situated between the posterior nasals, the supralabials, the preorbitals, and the scales corresponding to the prefrontals, without reference to their origin; in the present case I think there are only two loreals proper, while the subloreal is only a detached portion of the fifth supralabials, and the supraloreal a part of the prefrontals. : ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. oF middle one starting between the eyes running to the end of the tail, the lateral ones starting on the temporal region becoming obscure on the tail; top of muzzle and occasional blotches between the bands of the same color; whole underside, except the gulars, mottled irregularly with blotches of a dark neutral tint. Of the forms which compose this genus the present species appears to be the most highly differentiated, the most distinctive feature being the elongation of the snout and the prominence and shape of the rostral. From the ZL. trivirgata, myriolepis, and simplex group, it differs more par- ticularly by the low numberof scale rows and loreals. Intheserespects it seems to agree very well with roseofusca, from which it differs in the greater number of scales composing the eye ring as well as in coloration. There may be other and more important distinctions, but not having seen a specimen of the latter species, I have to rely solely upon Pro- fessor Cope’s original description, which is very meager indeed. A specimen collected at San Diego, Cal., received from Miss Rosa Smith can not be identified with any of the other forms hitherto recognized though combining characters of some of them in such a manner as to make it probable that additional material will prove it to be only a sub- species of Z. myriolepis. It may be characterized as follows: Lichanura simplex sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Sceales in 40 rows; eye encircled by 7 or 8 scales; loreals 6; labials 32; gasterosteges 232; anal entire; urosteges 39, entire. HasB.—San Diego, Cal. Type.—U. 8. National Museum, No. 13810; Miss Rosa Smith, coll., March 5, 1884. Fic. 2.—Lichanwra simplex. Fic. 3.—Lichanura trivirgata. Description of type specimen.—Rostral plate as in the other species, ex- cept L. orcutti, pentagonal, its nasal border but slightly longer than its labial; eye surrounded by a ring of 8 scales (on the left side, but 7 only on the right side, the two posterior superorbitals having become fused) the anteorbital being very large; three true loreals, above which two smaller supraloreals; on the right side two rather large subloreals, be- ing the detached upper portions of the fourth and fifth supralabials, while on the left side only part of the fifth is thus separated; nasal di- vided, the anterior portion meeting the one of the other side; posterior to these are two pairs of rather regular prefrontals followed by the usual small irregular frontal scales of the genus; supralabials 15, the first three (four) highest; infralibials 15; mental small, triangular, mental fissure separating four pairs of scales; scales of body smooth, hexagonal, im- bricated, in 40 longitudinal rows, the lower one largest; gasterosteges 232; anal small, eutire; urosteges 39, entire. Proc, N. M. 89 7 98; NEW SNAKES FROM CALIFORNIA——STEJNGERE. Dimensions.—Total Jength, 765™™; length of tail, from anus, 80™™; diameter of eye, 2.57"; from tip of muzzle to anterior border of eye, 10™"; proportion of last two measurements = 1: 4. Coloration. Uniform drab-brown above, fading into whitish on the under parts. In spite of the fewer scales forming the eye ring, a feature which seems to be of less importance, the present form appears to agree better with Z. myriolepis than with roseofusca. The scale rows are only two jess than in a specimen labeled L. myriolepis by Cope himself (U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 14129; San Diego; Charles Orcutt, coll.), and in the numerous loreal scales it also agrees better with the latter. The diameter of the eye shows the same ratio to the distance from the tip of the muzzle in these two forms, thereby differing considerably from ZL. trivirgata, in whieh the eye is comparatively much larger. From ZL. orcutti the new form differs in the much less produced muzzle and rostral, in the num- ber of scale rows, loreals, and scales composing the eye ring, in the still smaller eye, as well as in coloration. So far as can be made out from the scanty material there are at least five species, or varieties, the differences of which may be tabulated as follows : a', Eye ring of 9 to 10-scales, or else more than 4 loreals. b'. Eye large, its diameter more than one-third the distance from anterior canthus to tip of muzzle; gasterosteges abont 218; color whitish with three blackish-brown longitudinal bands in strong contrast. 1. L. trivirgatu. 6%. Eye smaller, its diameter less than one-third the distance from anterior canthus to tip of muzzle; gasterosteges about 232; color brown- ish or bluish above, with or without longitudinal bands, which, when present, contrast but little against the ground color. cl. Scale rows 40 to 45; loreals 5 to 7. d', Eye ring of 9 to 10 seales; scale rows 42 to 45; color bluish gray above, with three longitudinal light-brownish bands, 2. L. myriolepis. d, Eye ring of 7 to 8 scales; scale rows 40; color uniform; brownish drab above. 3. L. simplex. c*, Scale rows 33 to 35; loreals 4 (eye ring 9 to 10 scales). 4. L. orcutti. a’, Eye ring of 7 to 8 scales and 4 loreals. 5. L. roseofusca. It is more than probable that additional material will alter the above results and necessitate the modification of the ‘ key,” which is some- what clumsy because of our ignorance of the character of the rostral, or 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99 the size of the eye, the number of gasterosteges, etc., in L. roseofusca. The manifest great variability of the characters derived from the num- ber and shape of scales and plates in these snakes makes it quite likely that some of the forms here recognized, in the future will be recognized only as varieties. The number of gasterosteges, on the other hand, seems to be rather constant, and the large size of the eye in L. trivir- gata, as well as the prominence of the rostral in L. orcutti, are appar- ently also features of considerable diagnostic importance. vat SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U. S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. [Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries. ] No. I.—BIRDS COLLECTED ON THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS IN 1888. BY RoserT Ripcway, Curator of the Department of Birds. The collection of birds made by the Fish Commission Steamer Alba- tross having been placed by the Commissioner of Fisheries in my hands tor identification and report, the following list of the species is here- with given, classified according to locality, and accompanied by such notes as seem necessary or desirable. ‘The collection was made by Prof. Leslie A. Lee, naturalist of the ex- pedition, assisted by Mr. Charles H. Townsend and Mr. Thomas Lee, and would doubtless have been much more extensive had not other duties, more closely connected with the main objects of the cruise, pre- vented. In compliance with instructions from Professor Baird, then Com- missioner of Fisheries and Director of the National Museum, the writer prepared for the use of the naturalists of the Albatross memoranda of “suggestions as to what localities lying along or contiguous to the pro- posed route” of that vessel were ‘‘ most worthy of special ornitholog- ical exploration,” besides naming the more important and special desiderata; while Mr. Leonhard Stejneger, Assistant Curator of the Department of Birds, furnished memoranda of ‘suggestions for the exploration of the avifauna of the Galapagos Islands,” which gave, besides recommendations regarding future explorations, a review of what had already been accomplished in that interesting group by previous explorers. It is much to be regretted that so little attention was paid to the collecfing of specimens of the Procellariide, for obtaining which un- usual opportunities must have been afforded, since numerous species of this pelagic family of birds are involved in great confusion, and it is equally unfortunate that no notes accompany the specimens; bat doubt- less this apparent oversight was caused by want of necessary time, or other circumstances over which the naturalists of the expedition had no control. The collection of birds from the Galapagos archipelago is of special interest for the reason that two islands are represented upon which no collections have previously been made, several new species being thus Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 767. iG 102 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. added not only to the archipelago, but to science, while other islands have been more carefully explored, thereby adding very materially to our knowledge of the remarkable endemic bird-fauna of these remote and highly interesting islands.* ; The general character, relationships, and significance of the Gala- pagoan bird-fauna have been so thoroughly and ably discussed by Mr. Oshert Salvin, in his admirable monograph entitled ‘On the Avifauna of the Galapagos Archipelago” +t that it would not be desirable tc here enter into an elaborate discussion of the subject. A complete list of the species collected on the Galapagos by the naturalists of the Albatross is given on the following pages, with such comments as seem necessary or desirable, and following this list is a tabular statement giving all the species which have been taken, to date, on or among these islands, and indicating those upon which each species has been found; also, a list of the species which have been taken oneach island, together with other matter intended to further elucidate the subject, to properly understand which Mr. Salvin’s very important mouograph, before mentioned, should be at the same time consulted. Family MIMIDé. 1. Nesomimus: melanotis (GOULD). James Island, ¢leven specimens; Chatham Island, five specimens; Indefatigable Island, three specimens. . Owing to the circumstance that none of the specimens are in perfect plumage, I am unable to ascertain whether there are any constant dif- ferences of coloration according to locality. Examples from James Island, however, appear to have longer, slenderer, and more curved bills than those from Indefatigable Island, which have the bill more as in N. parvulus. All the specimens from Chatham Island are, unfortu- nately, young birds. / 2. Nesomimus parvulus (GOULD). Albemarle Island, three specimens. Closely allied to N. melanotis, but readily distinguished by the dis- tinctly ashy breast, even in the much worn plumage, when other as- cribed characters fail. It is somewhat Bes that this character tias te The evan is Saaaio sretnal sural the acted prides of the Galapagos Islands will ever be appealed to by those occupied in investigating the complicated problems involved in the doctrine of the derivative origin of species. OSBERT SALVIN. + On the Avifauna of the Galapagos Archipelago. By Osbert Salvin, M. A., I’. R, S., ete. soem aeess acielce ose $?| 8 = oan =a Pi GuiH enlist s harp @mee ase tomes elastin |ataiet iS) lsBoel Gea sess x ue . Cactornis: 22 scandens) GOW =-2sccn)a-acnseleesn en -in'= EST eee IVES eee tic Gand eared bdod aco E Zo ASSIMTNIS) GOW ee ocen anes cera |a~= || ==) ~~ = e WEsaalbcea loocon S59|l5oc 2, ma ReG Gy SRY noe case Aoserbcaeecs| |oaad peoa) betes! Bebe bose Pate - Le Zo DIO VILOStLis Wid O Wiecasciecceseceeece x Wali Bey eae i revere 5 ae Zoe pallida sclaandipalv. scene ccccccemesllocesla-iss pon) ar alae eB 3 2 . Camarhyncbus: 27. psittaculus Gould ................-..)- SAg\eseui! i es 5 285 crassirostris Gould <25-4--4-ceso----= 2120 bese eeaalloeee E dy | Sete 205 VATIEPaAbus SCL. ANG SALVs jcc oclcce icc ci)/-1-10m\|' and Indefatigable: Islands. 8. Pyrocephalus nanus Gould. Chatham ?,° Charles, and Abingdon Islands. 9, Myiarchus magnirostris (Gould). Charles, Duncan, and Hood Islands. 0. Ardea herodias Linn.? Dunean Island. 1. Butorides plumbeus (Sund.). Abingdon, Duncan, and Hood Islands. 12. Nyeticorax pauper Scl. and Salv. Hood Island. 13. Pheenicopterus raber Linn. Charles and James Islands. 1 Possibly the same as Sula gossi, and not the true S. cyanops. 2 There is a specimen of this species in the Albatross collection which had lost its label, and may have come from the Galapagos, 3This may possibly be the species referred to by Sundevall and Salvin as S. cyanops (Sundey.). +Perhaps a distinct species (C. hypoleuca Ridgw. ; see p, 109.) » Doubtfully accredited to Charles Island by Mr. Salvin, ‘Perhaps distinct (P. minimus Ridgw. ; see p. 113.) 128 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. 14. Pecilonetta galapagensis Ridgw.! Charles Island. 15. Zenaida galapagoensis Gould. Duncan and Hood Islands. 16. Hematopus galapagensis Ridgw.? James Island. 17. Himantopus mexicanus (Miill.). James Island. 18. Arenaria interpres Linn. Hood Island. 19. Heteractitis incanus (Gm.). James and Hood Islands. 20. Larus fuliginosus Gould. Chatham Island. 21. Spheniscus mendiculus Sundey. Albemarle Island. The following species have definite localities for the first time assigned them: 1. Pelecanus californicus Ridgw.? Chatham Island. 2. Anous stolidus (Linn.). Chatham Island. 3. Anous galapagensis Sharpe. Chatham and Hood Islands. The following species were obtained from new localities by Dr. Wil- liam H. Jones, U.S. N., in 1884: 1, Buteo galapagoensis (Gould).? Chatham Island. 2. Butorides plumbeus (Sundey.). Chatham Island. 3. Zenaida gaiapagoensis Gould. Chatham Island. 4, Hematopus galapagensis Ridgw. Chatham Island. It is very evident from the above showing that the avifauna of the Galapagos Archipelago is by no means exhausted as a field for promis- ing research in the problem of the ‘derivative origin of species.” Future explorations will no doubt add new species and extend the range of those already known. The largest island of the group, Albe- marle, is still almost untouched, only four species having as yet been collected there; two islands (Wenman and Culpepper) have not been explored at all, while it can safely be said that on none of the islands | has anything like a thorough investigation of the bird-fauna been made. The many interesting problems yet to be worked out will re- quire a careful exploration of every island, by some one competent to study carefully and intelligently each species in relation to its con- geners and its conditions of environment; its differences of plumage according to sex, age, and season, and to what extent, if any, migration from one island to another takes place. Many changes in the bird- fauna of these islands have doubtless been wrought by the hand of man, through destruction of birds for food, and disturbance by the introduction of domestic animals; therefore, it is earnestly to be hoped that the subject may receive the careful attention which its importance merits before these changes have gone so far as to render investigation more difticult and its results less satisfactory. 1 —Dafila bahamensis Salv., Anas bahamensis Sundevy. ? *—Hematopus palliatus of Salvin and Sundevall? 3’ =P. fuscus of Salvin and Sundevall ? SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U.S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. {Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. ] No. II.—BIRDS COLLECTED ON THE ISLAND OF SANTA LUCIA, WEST INDIES, THE ABROLHOS ISLANDS, BRAZIL, AND AT THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN, IN 1887-’88, BY ROBERT RIDGWAY, Curator of the Department of Birds. A.—ISLAND OF SANTA LUCIA. Family MIMIDZ. 1. Margarops montanus ( VIEILL. ). Port Castries, December 2; one specimen. Family MNIOTILTID. 2. Leucopeza semperi SCL. Port Castries, December 1; one specimen. 3. Dendroica delicata (RIDGw.). Dendroica adelaide delicata Ripew., Pr., U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 525. Dendroica delicata SHARPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., x, 1835, 306. Family CALREBIDE. 4. Cerebamiartinicana (REICH. ). Seven specimens. Four of these have the superciliary stripe wholly white, and three bright yellow passing into white anteriorly, thus show- ing that my Certhiola finschi (Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi11, September 20, 1885, 25) is untenable. Family VIREONIDZ&. 5. Vireo calidris dominicana (LAwR.). Two specimens. Family FRINGILLIDA. 6. Loxigilla noctis sclateri ALLEN. Three specimens. 7. Euetheia richardsoni (Cory). Loxigilla richardsoni, Cory, Auk, 111, 1886, 382; Ibis, 1886, 472, 475; B. West Indies, 1889, 290. One specimen. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 768. 129 Proc. N. M. 89 9 130 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. The bill of this species is so very different in shape from that of any species of Lowigilla, that it should either be made the type of a new genus or referred to Luetheia, the latter alternative being my preference. 8. Euetheia bicolor (LINN. ). Two specimens. Family ICTERIDZ. 9. Icterus laudabilis Sct. One specimen. 10. Quiscalus inflexirostris Sw. One specimen. Family TYRANNIDZ. 11. Tyrannus rostratus SCL. One specimen. 12. Elainea martinica (LINN.). One specimen. Family TROCHILID. 13. Bulampis holosericeus (LINN.). Two specimens. 14. Bellona cristata (LINN.). Four specimens. Family CUCULIDZ. 15. Coccyzus minor (GM.). Two specimens. B.—ABROLHOS ISLANDS. Family PHAETHONTID 2. 1. Phaéthon ethereus (LINN.). Five specimens. Family SULID. 2. Sula cyanops (SUND.). One specimen. 3, Sula leucogastra (BODD.). Two specimens, adult male and female. These are alike in plumage, but have the feet very differently colored, those of the male being dull greenish while those of the female are clear pale yellow. It would be interesting to know whether this difference is constant. 22. ars PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131 Family ARENARIID A. 4. Arenaria interpres (LINN. ). One specimen. Family CHARADRITD, 5. #gialitis semipalmata (BP.). One specimen. C.—STRAITS OF MAGELLAN. Family TURDID®. 1. Merula magellanica (KING). Laredo, Port Otway, and Port Churruca, four specimens. Family TROGLODYTID. 2. Troglodytes hornensis LEss. Laredo, four specimens. 3. Cistothorus platensis (LATH.) ?. Gregory Bay. An adult female, apparently this species, but very much paler than two adults from Santiago, Chili (July). The differ- ence in color may be seasonal, the Gregory Bay specimen having the plumage considerably worn and evidently faded; but it may prove to belong to a different race or subspecies. Family MOTACILLID 4. 4. Anthus correndera (VIEILL.). Gregory Bay, one specimen; Point Elizabeth. two young (full- fledged). Family HIRUNDINIDA. 5. Tachycineta meyeni (BONAP.). Laredo Bay, one specimen. 6. Atticora cyanoleuca (VIEILL.). . Port Elizabeth and Gregory Bay, two specimens. Family FRINGILLIDE. 7. Spinus barbatus (MOL.). Sandy Point, two specimens, male and female. Laredo, one speci- men, young. 8. Phrygilus formosus (GOULD),= P. gayi (EYD. aud GERV.) AUCT.* Sandy Point, one specimen. * Cf. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. x, 1887, pp. 431-433. 132 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. 9. Phrygilus gayi (Eyp. and GERV.). Gregory Bay, two adults; Laredo Bay, two young. (Cf. Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., vol. x, 1887, pp. 431-433.) 10. ‘‘Zonotrichia” canicapilla GOULD. Gregory Bay, two specimens; Elizabeth Island, two specimens. Family ICTERID 4. 11. Trupialis militaris (LINN.). Gregory Bay, two specimens; Laredo Bay, one specimen. 12. Curzeus curzus (MOL.). Port Churruca and Laredo Bay, two specimens. Family TYRANNIDA. 13. Teenioptera pyrope (KITTL.). Laredo Bay, four specimens; Port Otway, one specimen. 14. Muscisaxicola mentalis D’ORb. and LAFR. Sandy Point, one specimen; Latitude Cove, one specimen (young) ; Mayne Harbor, one specimen. Mr. Sclater has recently (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., xiv, p. 56) referred this species to M. macloviana (Garn.) of the Falkland Islands, but seems to be not quite convinced of their identity, since he states his inability to see how they ‘‘can be fairly separated.” The doubt expressed by the word ‘‘ fairly” (not italicized in the original) would seem to imply that some difference exists, and until they can be proven identical I prefer to keep them separate, as the safer course. 15. Centrites niger (BoDD.). Gregory Bay, four specimens; Elizabeth Island, two specimens. 16. Elainea albiceps (D’OrRB. and LAFR.). Laredo Bay, three specimens; Sandy Point, three specimens; Port Otway, one specimen; Port Churruca, one specimen. 17. Anzretes parulus (KITTL.). Sandy Point, two specimens; Mayne Harbor, one specimen. Family DENDROCOLAPTID2. 18. Oxyurus spinicauda (GMEL.). Laredo Bay, four specimens; Port Otway, one specimen. 19. Synallaxis anthoides (KING). Laredo Bay, one specimen. 20. Cinclodes patagonicus (GMEL.). Gregory Bay, Elizabeth Island, and Port Otway, three specimens. 21. Cinclodes fuscus (VIEILL.). Gregory Bay, Laredo Bay, and Elizabeth Island, three specimens. ate PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135 22. Geositta antarctica LANDB. (‘‘ Weigm. Archiv., Jahr. 46, 1,275”) ? Elizabeth Island, one specimen. This bird is referred, with doubt, to G. antarctica for the reason that it does not agree with either of the six species given in the Nomenclator Avium Neotropicalium (four of which are in the National Museum col- -lection), nor with any of the species not therein mentioned, with the possible exception of G. antarctica, a description of which I have not been able to consult.* Compared with G. cunicularia (Vieill.), G. crassirostris Scl., @. isabel- lina (Ph. and Landb.), G. fasciata (Ph. and Landb.), @. frobeni (Ph. and Landb.t), and G. maritima LAFR. and D’ORB., with all of which it has been directly compared, the bird in question is found to differ strik- ingly from them all in much longer wings and tail and shorter Dill, which raises the suspicion that it may not be a Geositta at all, though it certainly cannot be referred to the allied genus Cinclodes, or any other thus far characterized. Of the species named above it comes much nearest to G. cunicularia, both in size and coloration; but the bill is not more than two-thirds as long, the wing about .70 of an inch longer (with primaries .85 of an inch longer than longest tertials, instead of barely exceeding them in length), and the tail .40 of an inch longer. The coloration is, at first glance, very similar to that of G- cunicularia, the upper tail-coverts being of exactly the same buffy whit- ish; but the upper surface is more ashy, the tail-feathers much darker, the breast very faintly instead of heavily marked, and the inner webs of the primaries a dull isabella color instead of bright cinnamon, while the secondaries (except tertials) are wholly uniform drab, without the broad subterminal dusky band of G. cunicularia. Should the species prove to be distinct from G. antarctica, I propose to name it G. longipennis.t * The reference quoted above, the source of which I have forgotten, is evidently incorrect, no such bird being mentioned in Weigman’s ‘‘ Archives” for 1846. + G. frobeni (Certhilanda frobeni, PH. and LANDB., Weigm. Archiv., 1865, 62 ; Geositta frobeni Tacz., Orn. du Pérou, U1, 95) is perfectly distinct, differing from all the other species, as correctly stated by its describers, in the distinctly white color of the basal half of the tail, nearly the whole of the outer feather being of that color. The U. S. National Museum possesses a single, very imperfect, skin obtained by Mr. Walter S. Church at Andahuaylas, Ayacucho, Peru, October 14, 1864. tWith the foliowing characters : Geositta longipennis sp. nov. Sp. CHar.—Adult female (type, No. 116173, Point Elizabeth, Straits of Magellan, January 20, 1888; U.S. S. Albatross): Above dull brownish gray, the forehead and hind neck indistinctly spotted or mottled with pale grayish buffy ; upper tail-coverts buffy whitish; general color of closed wing drab, the middJe and posterior row of lesser coverts broadly but not sharply margined at tips with pale grayish butty ; primary coverts dusky terminally, their tips margined with pale grayish buffy; ter- tials with a wedge-shaped basal patch of cinnamon-drab, succeeded by a somewhat v-shaped patch of dusky, terminal and exterior portion drab, narrowly edged with whitish; secondaries and four inner primaries uniform drab, the color exactly the 134 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. 23. Upucerthia propinqua sp. nov. Sp. CHAR.—Similar to U. dumetoria Geoff. and D’Orb., but much grayer above, less tinged with brown beneath, the squamate markings on the breast much more distinct, tail-feathers (except middle pair) much blacker, with ochraceous more restricted, inner webs of seconda- ries decidedly dusky for terminal half, tawny spaces on inner webs of primaries much more sharply defined against much darker color of ter- minal portion, and the bill shorter and proportionally broader at the base. Has.—Straits of Magellan (Gregory Bay). Adult female (type, No. 116224, Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan; U.S. 8. Albatross): Above hair-brown, somewhat darker on pileum and browner (broccoli- brown) on middle tail-feathers; alula, terminal portion of primaries and their coverts, and outer webs of six outer primaries, except at base of fifth and sixth, dusky; outer webs of secondaries (except tertials) and four inner primaries, and basal portion of the fifth and sixth, dull russet or tawny-brown, the basal half (approximately) of inner webs of secondaries and extensive wedge shaped spaces on inner webs of primaries clearer tawny; three outer tail-feathers dull black, tipped with ochraceous-buff, this broadest on exterior feathers, where extending along outer web nearly an inch from tip; fourth feather dull black terminally, fading into broccoli-brownish basally, the tip narrowing and indistinctly dull whitish; fifth feather broccoli- brown suffused with dusky near tip. A broad superciliary stripe of dull brownish white sparsely streaked with dusky; auriculars grayish brown streaked with dusky ; cheeks and entire under parts dull white, the former, with chest, breast, and anterior portion of sides marked with squamate edgings of dull blackish or dusky, these largest on pectoral region; feathers of throat tipped with blackish; longer under tail-coverts pale brown, tipped with whitish; axillars and under wing- coverts pale cinnamon-buff. Bill black, under mandible more brownish basally; tarsi dusky horn-color; feet brownish black. Length (skin), 7.90; wing, 3.95; tail, 3.35; exposed culmen, 1.08; tarsus, 1.02; middle toe, .63. The specimen described above differs equally from each of the four same on both webs; rest primaries similar, but with a broad, abruptly black, sub- terminal space, succeeded by a whitish terminal margin; six middle tail-feathers dull blackish, passing into drab exteriorly and terminally, the edges still paler, the concealed basal portion buff; next feather similar, but outer web chiefly pale buff; next similar, but with more buff on inner web; outer feather with exterior web wholly pale buff, the inner web deeper buff, with an oblique dusky space near tip, following curve of margin; a broad superciliary stripe of pale grayish buff, less dis- tinct anteriorly ; chin and throat white; rest of lower parts pale, dull grayish buff, or dull buffy whitish, becoming nearly pure white on belly and clear pale buff on lower tail-coverts; breast faintly variegated with broad but very indistinct edgings of grayish brown; axillars and under wing-coverts deep cinnamon-buff. Length (skin), 6.30; wing, 4.30; tail, 2.55; exposed culmen, .52; bill from nostril, .38; tarsus, .88; middle toe, .53. ea PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. 135 examples of U. dumetoria from Chili (Santiago and Valley del Yeso) with which it has been compared. All the latter also show quite dis- tinct paler streaks on the hind neck, which are not observable in the Gregory Bay bird. Family PTEROPTOCHIDA. 24. Hylactes tarnii KING. Port Otway ; two specimens. 25. Pteroptochus rubecula KITTL. Port Otway ; four specimens. 26. Scytalopus magellanicus (LATH.) ?. Otter Bay, one adult female; Port Churruea, two young. Iam unable to determine whether these specimens are 8. magellanicus or S. obscurus (King). According to Dr. Sclater (Ibis, 1874, pp. 192- 194), these two species are “easily distinguishable,” the latter ‘by its larger size, more cinereous color, longer tail, and the faint bars across the rump and lower belly.” Yet the alleged difference of size is by no means shown by the measurements which Dr. Sclater himself gives, which are as follows: S. magellanicus (“smaller”). Wing, 2.20; tail, 1.50. S. obscurus (“larger”). Wing, 2.00; tail, 1.60. The adult female from Otter Bay measures : wing, 2.00; tail, 2.30. On the other hand, an adult female from Santiago, Chili, determined by Dr. Sclater as 8. magellanicus, has the wing 1.95 and the tail 1.60, while it has the hinder parts of the body, both above and below, distinetly barred with dusky—a character said to distinguish S. obscurus. It is very evident that the birds of this genus need careful revision ; but lacking sufficient material I am unable to give them further attention at present. 27. Scytalopus albifrons (LANDB.). Port Otway, two specimens, adult female and young, the former agreeing minutely with a specimen from Valdivia, Chili, received from the National Museum of Chili. This species is certainly distinct from S. magellanicus, as Mr. Allen has already shown (Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, No. 2, p. 99). Family TROCHILID. 28. Eustephanus galeritus (MOL.). Port Otway, two specimens. Family PICIDA. 29. Dryobates lignarius (MOL. ). Laredo Bay, one specimen. 30. Campephilus magellanicus (KING). Laredo Bay and Sandy Point, two specimens. 136 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. Family ALCEDINID. 31. Ceryle stellata (MEYEN). Port Otway and Port Churruca, two specimens. Family ARID. 32. Pyrrhura smaragdina (GMEL.). Sandy Point, three specimens. Family BUBONID. 33. Glaucidium nanum (KING). Laredo Bay, two specimens. 34. Bubo magellanicus (GM.). Gregory Bay, one specimen. Family FALCONIDE. 35. Falco peregrinus TUNST. Elizabeth Island, one specimen (adult male). 36. Falco sparverius cinnamominus (Sw.). Sandy Point, one specimen (young female). 37. Polyborus tharus (MOL.). Elizabeth Island, two specimens. 38. Milvago chimango (VIEILL.). Laredo Bay, three specimens. Family BUTEONIDA. 39. Geranoaétus melanoleucus (VIEILL.). Elizabeth Island, one specimen. Family HASMATOPODIDZ. 40. Hematopus ater (VIEILL.). Elizabeth Island, two specimens. 41. Hematopus leucopus (GARN.). Elizabeth Island, one specimen. Family CHARADRIID. 42. Belonopterus chilensis (MOL.). Gregory Bay, one specimen. 43. #gialitis falklandica (LATH.). Laredo Bay, one specimen. es PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. eai/| 44. Zonibyx modesta (LICHT.). Port Otway, one specimen. The single specimen obtained appears to be the true modesta and not the Chilian form, distinguished by Mr. Seebohm (Geog. Distr. Chara- driidee, p. 106) as Charadrius modestus rubecola (ex Charadrius rubecola Vig., Zool. Jour., Iv, 1829, p. 96). © Family SCOLOPACID&. 45. Gallinago paraguaye (VIEILL.). Gregory Bay and Laredo Bay, two specimens. 46. Tringa fuscicollis VIEILL. Gregory Bay, one specimen. 47. Totanus flavipes (GMEL.). Gregory Bay, one specimen. Family RALLIDZS. 48. Fulica leucoptera VIEILL. Sandy Point, one specimen; certainly referable to this species rather than to F. leucopyga Licht. Family ARDEID. 49. Nycticorax obscurus BONAP. Port Otway, two specimens. In the ‘‘ Water Birds of North America” (vol. 1, p. 56), I have ex- pressed my inability to distinguish satisfactorily this form from the or- dinary American bird (N. nycticorax nevius); but the specimens ob- tained by the naturalists of the Albatross show that the examples (eight in number), on which that statement was based, were not the true or typical N. obscurus, as was supposed. Neither of the two Albatross specimens is adult, though one is very nearly so. This one (No. 116282, obtained February 10) is wholly of a dark sooty color, approaching black on the head and neck, and the back glossed with greenish bronze. The under surface of the body is nearly as dark as the upper, but rather more brownish in hue. The younger specimen (No. 116283, 2, same date) is essentially similar in color except that the throat, fore neck, under parts, back, scapulars, and wing coverts are narrowly streaked with buff, these streaks broadest on the under surface of the body. Without having seen adult specimens, I can not, of course, express & decided opinion as to whether the present bird should rank as a species or subspecies; but, considering the marked individual varia- tion in color among the eight examples examined when the remarks above referred to were written, Iam at present inclined to the belief that the true N. obscurus is simply an extreme variation, or melanism, of the same form as the lighter colored birds from Chili and other parts of southern South America. 138 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, BIRDS—RIDGWAY. Family ANATIDZE. 50. Chloephaga magellanica (GMEL. ) Elizabeth Island, one specimen (adult female). 51. Chloephaga antarctica (GMEL.). Two specimens (male and female), without labels. 52. Tachyeres cinereus (GMEL.). Elizabeth Island, one specimen. Also two specimens without la- bels. 53. Poecilonetta cristata (GMEL.). Elizabeth Island, one specimen (adult female), 54. Nettion flavirostris (VIEILL.). Port Famine, two specimens; Sandy Point, one specimen. 55. Querquedula versicolor (VIEILL.). Gregory Bay; one specimen. Family PHALACROCORACID 4. 56. Phalacrocorax vigua (VIEILL.). Port Otway, one adult female, in nearly full nuptial plumage. This species is the P. brasilianus (GMEL.) of authors, based on Puffinus brasiliensis BRISSON, the latter based on the Majague of PISON; butit is almost incomprehensible how such an identification should have been made, Pison’s bird being described by Brisson as having the JSeathers of the throat or lower neck yellow (‘que partem colli inferiorem obtegunt, sunt flave”) and if a Phalacrocorax at all cannot possibly be identified with this or any other known species. On the other hand, Vieillov’s “Le Cormoran vigua, Hydrocorax vigua” (Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Vil, 1817, p. 90) from Paraguay, is unquestionably this species, and probably the oldest name for it.* Vieillot’s description coincides very minutely with the Albatross specimen, except that the latter lacks the lengthened whitish filamentous feathers behind the eyes, which, being exceedingly temporary, have probably been lost, or possibly not yet assumed. Phalacrocorax vigua (Vieill.) is very closely allied to P. mexicanus (Brandt); so closely, in fact, that the differences are not readily ex- pressed, being, in fact, not greater than between the different races of P. dilophus, as, for example, the true P.dilophus and P. dilophus florida- nus. Theonly differences which I am able to discern consist in the some- what smaller size of P. mexicanus, and somewhat paler and browner cen- tral areas of the wing-coverts, scapulars, and interscapulars, rendering “Bonaparte (Consp., U1. p. 172) and Schlegel (Hist. Nat. Mus. P.-B., v1, No. 21, livr. 4, Pelecani, p. 22) make matters still worse, by including P. dilophus and other species together with the present one under the species they call P. brasilianus ! ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139 the black borders to these feathers rather more distinct. But I very much doubt whether these slight differences in coloration would prove constant were a series of specimens of the two forms compared. In short, it seems almost certain that P. mexicanus is simply a smaller in- tertropical race of P. vigua, in which case it should be called P. vigua mexicanus. 57. Urile magellanica (GMEL.). San Martin Island, one specimen. 58. Urile albiventer (LEss.)?. San Martin Island, one adult female. This is apparently the species called Phalacrocorax albiventris by Sclater and Salvin (Voy. Challenger, Zodlogy, vol. 11, pt. VIII, p. 121, pl. 25, fig. 2), but the crest is different both as to position and form from that indicated in both the description and figure cited, since it springs directly from the forehead instead of the middle of the crown, and the feathers are quite straight instead of being distinctly recurved. Family LARID. 59. Larus dominicanus LICHT. Sandy Point, six specimens; Elizabeth Island, one specimen. 60. Larus glaucodes MEYEN. Port Otway, three specimens. . 61. Sterna hirundinacea LEss. Elizabeth Island and Point Grappler, two specimens, Family STERCORARIID. 62. Megalestris antarcticus (LESsS.). St. Peter and St. Paul Island, one specimen. Family DIOMEDEIDZ. 63. Diomedea melanophrys TEMM. One specimen, without label. Family PROCELLARIIDZ. 64. Puffinus major FABR. “Off Patagonia,” one specimen. Family COLYMBIDZ. 65. Colymbus rollandi (Quoy and GaIM.). One specimen; locality not given. Family SPHENISCIDZ. 66. Spheniscus magellanicus (FORSsT.). Two specimens, without labels. REN erat, aie ts) si - oY i% Pal SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U.S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. {Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. ] No, III.—REPORT ON THE BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES COLLECTED IN 1887-’88. BY 18, JO, (Coa The contents of the following list are arranged in accordance with the localities visited by the Albatross, and in the order in which they were reached in a voyage from Washington to San Francisco via Cape Horn. I, WEST INDIES. 1. Bufo agua DauD. Santa Lueia. 2. Anolis alligator D. and B. Santa Lucia. 3. Liophis ornatus GARMAN. : Dromicus ornatus GARMAN, Proceeds. Amer. Philos. Society, 1887, p. 281 Santa Lucia, No. 15084. This species is clearly a Liophis, and it resembles no other species of the genus. The scuta of the only specimen are 195, 1-1, 88. The color differs a good deal from the type as described by Garman, in the dark color of the sides. This is not clearly distinguished as a band, and it is interrupted by light vertical spots of irregular outlines. 4. Bothrops caribbeeus GARMAN. Trigonocephalus caribbaus GARMAN, Proceeds. Amer. Philosoph. Proc., 1387, p. 285. Santa Lucia, Nos. 15082-3. This species is nearly allied to the B. atrox, but differs very much in the coloration. II. EAST CoAST OF BRAZIL. 5. Taraguira torquata WIED. Abrolhos Islands, Nos. 15107-19. III. ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. 6. Nannophryne variegata GUNTHER. Two specimens, 15123-4, from Mayne Harbor, Patagonia. Prof. L. A. Lee. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 769. 141 142 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, REPTILES—COPE. The genus Nannophryne differs from Bufo in the entire absence of the cavum tympant and Eustachian tubes. It is identical with Ollotis Cope, and the name proposed by Giinther must be retained as it was published in 1873, while Ollotis was not proposed until 1875. Nanno- phryne (Ollotis) caerulescens Cope is from the Cordilleras of Costa Rica. In the Zachenus roseus, described below, the auditory organs, though present, are minute. From the same region two other genera with im- perfect auditory organs are known, Alsodes Bell and Eusophus Cope (= Cacotus Gthr.). I have already called attention to the tendeney to this peculiarity among the Salientia which inhabit mountainous re- gions.* Cophcus, Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius are from the Peru- vian Andes, and Crepidophryne, Cranophryne, and Nannophryne from the Cordilleras of Central America. 7. Zachzenus roseus sp. noy. Cystignathidarum. Head and body rather short; hind legs elongate. Width of head entering length of head and body, two and a half times, and equal the length of the head measured on the side to the middle of the tympanic drum. Heel of extended hind leg reaching a point between the orbit and the nostril. Head depressed, muzzle but little prominent in pro- file; nostril but little nearer end of muzzle than to eye. Tympanie disk a vertical oval, not defined below, but, if completed, measuring less ‘than half eye-fissure. Interorbital space flat, wider than eye-fissure. Tongue a longitudinal oval, but little free, and slightly notched pos- teriorly. Vomerine teeth in two fascicles near each other, and just posterior to the line connecting the posterior borders of the internal nares. Internal nares minute. Skin smooth above and below ; the abdominal integument forming a disk, the anterior fold of which extends from axilla to axilla. A narrow glandular fold from the posterior part of the eyelid to just above the axilla, Digits with slight tubercles below, and the inferior surfaces of their extremities thickened. First finger shorter than second. Toes rather short, with indistinct dermal borders. An internal, but no ex- ternal solar tubercle. No tarsal tubercle; the thin inner edge turned upwards. Color, pale rose gray above, dirty white below. A black band ex- tends from the end of the muzzle along the canthus rostralis, and fol- lows the glandular fold to its end above the axilla. A branch descends, and, crossing the tympanic drum, stops a short distance in front of the shoulder. Limbs with very indistinct dusky cross-bars. Tarsus dusky below. Two large brown spots on the front side of the fore-arm. Two similar spots on the proximal half of the front of the tibia. Length of head and body, 23"™™"; of head to posterior edge of tym- panum (axial), 7.5™"; width at canthus oris, 9™™; of fore leg, 14™™; of fore foot, 6™™; of hind leg from vent, 37™™; of hind foot, 15.5™™; of tarsus, 8™; of tibia, 11.5™™. * Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica: Journal Academy Philada., vu, p. 95. ol bac | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143 One specimen, No. 15126, from Port Otway, Patagonia. Dr. L. A. ee: This species is the second of the genus Zachenus, the typical one being the Z. parvulus Girard from near Rio Janeiro. The Z. roseus is of less robust form than the Z parvulus, has no dermal folds on the back, and the prefrontal bones are widely separated, and the vomerine teeth are not in arched series. Zachwnus has a simple cartilaginous sternum, and the terminal phalanges are simple. These characters, with the complete frontoparietal bones, place it in the group Ceratophrydes, where it forms the approach to the group Hylodes. 8. Batrachyla leptopus BELL., Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, 111, p. 43, pl. 18, fig. 5. Hylodes leptopus BOULENGER, Catal., Batr.-Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p- 219. No. 15125. The genus Batrachyla may be now correctly defined for the first time. It enters the group Hylodes of the family Cystignathide. That is, it has the external metatarsals united, the terminal phalange with a transverse terminal branch, and the sternum a simple cartilaginous plate. A frontoparietal fontanelle, vomerine teeth, and Eustachian tube. Toes free. This genus in its cranial fontanelle approaches nearer to Malachy- lodes Cope (founded on a Mexican species) than to any other genus of Cystignathide. It differs from this form in the presence of vomerine teeth. In its membraneous cranial roof it possesses a character of infe- riority, as all the Batrachian forms of Patagonia do in some respect or other, as compared with their allies elsewhere. 9. Leptodactylus ocellatus. Buenos Ayres, Nos. 14889-94. 10. Hydromedusa tectifera COPE. Buenos Ayres, No. 15189. EVs ‘CHILI: 11. Paludicola frenata sp. nov. Well developed inguinal glands. No tarsal tubercle; metatarsal tubercles two, both of conic form, the internal the larger. Toes free, like the fingers without dermal lateral ridge or wing. Heel of ex- tended hind leg reaching to posterior border of orbit. Skin with a few small low tubercles. Muzzle obtuse, projecting a little beyond lip-border, narrowed above. Nostril nearer orbit than lip-border. Tympanum hidden. Vomerine teeth in oblique fascicles between nares. Choan and ostia pharyngea small. Tongue very slightly emarginate. First finger longer than fourth, and much longer than the second, which consists of the meta- carpal only. Third and_ fifth toes subequal. Skin without definite folds above or below. Posterior face of femur tubercular. 144 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, REPTILES—COPE. Ground-color gray. A row of six or seven blackish-light-bordered spots on each side of the median line. One of these pairs is between the orbit; one on the interscapular, and one on the sacral regions, and four or five small ones on each side of the urostyle. Two spots posterior to each orbit, the inferior much the larger, and extending posteriorly to the humerus, and in line anteriorly with a band on the canthus rostralis which extends to the upper lip. A dark triangular spot below the eye. Inguinal gland anteriorly light, posteriorly black. Limbs cross-banded (four bands on tibia) ; inferior surfaces immaculate. M. Leneth of heady and bod yee secon ee nena = eet ae 029 Length of head to canthus oris.....- ---- 2. 22-2. pence oo ome .0075 Length of head to canthus oculi anterior........---.-.-.---- .0035 Width of head at canthus Oris... .. ...00. 2200-22202 -2 02 a= 010 Joeneth of fore lee. to tee. -< saccle= = ccc innicleeeta- as Senin ee 016 Length of hind les trom ventisc- -ooce so. mem enema ee .040 Gene thi ot hind! footmesssserser ce eee eee eee see eemer .020 ILGMeR UGS! UANISWIS cosons coco coosee Geasa0 ASOGog secconsacous 2555 .007 The extreme reduction of the second anterior digit is a remarkable feature of the individual which represents this species. The character appears to be normal, but tbe first finger on one of the hands is also abbreviated, though to a less degree than the second digit. This is clearly abnormal, since it is unsymmetrical, but it may be an imperfect expression of the tendency so distinctly marked in the second digit. From Lota, No. 15129. 12. Liolaemus chilensis LESSON. Tomé, No. 15128. 13. Liolemus tenuis BELL. Lota, No, 15127. 14. Opheomorphus chamissonis WIEG. Coluber chamissonis WEIG. C. temminckii SCHLEG. Dromicus temminckii D. and B.* “2 ; ‘ « bs - _ y oie iJ r “ - Z e : Da ‘ ‘ - ‘ ie : ead) r . xf * - a he ' é ‘ f ‘ 7 7 7 J : } of eae 4 7 yr one! De on a 4 vi ee < s Dee ae. ae 7 A ‘sel Ea Simons iS a er SS 1 Gs e eae ea Si ; Li Bona ea eS > ays Beat oe tas ey FS herbs eens wal a ce eee ce hte oo SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U.S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. [Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. | No. IV.—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF FISHES COLLECTED AT THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS AND ALONG THE COAST OF THE UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA, 188783. BY Davip STARR JORDAN AND CHARLES HaArvEY BOLLMAN. In the winter and spring of 1888 the steamer Albatross made a cruise from Norfolk, Va., to San Francisco, in the service of the United States Fish Commission. Extensive collections of fishes were made at various points off the coast of Central and South America. One of the most valuable of this series of collections was that from the region between the Gala- pagos Islands and Panama. This collection has been placed in our hands for study. In it are found the thirty-one new species mentioned in the present paper. These are described in advance of the appear- ance of the general report, by the consent of Hon. Marshall McDonald, U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries, and of Mr. Richard Rathbun, assistant in charge of the department of scientific investigation. The following is a list of the species which seem to be as yet undescribed: Rajide: 16. Polycirrhus rathbuni. 1. Raja equatorialis. Uranoscopidee : Torpedinidee : 17. Kathetostoma averruncus. 2. Discopyge ommata. Gobiidie : Dasyatide : 18. Bollmannia chlamydes. 3. Urolophus goodei. Scorpenidee : Synodontide : 19. Scorpzena russula. 4, Synodus evermanni. Triglide : 5. Synodus jenkinsi. 20. Prionotus quiescens. Congride: 21. Prionotus albirostris. 6. Ophisoma nitens. 22.’ Prionotus xenisma. Ophisuride : Blenniide: 7. Ophichthus evionthas. 23. Runula azalea. 8. Ophichthus rugifer. Batrachidie : Atherinidee : 24. Porichthys nautopedium. 9. Menidia gilberti. Ophidiide : Stromateide : 25. Otophidium indefatigabile. 10. Stromateus palometa. Serranidie : 11. Diplectrum euryplectrum. 12. Prionodes stilbostigma. 13. Kuhlia arge. Sparidee : 14. Xenocys jessiz. Scienide : 15. Larimus pacificus. 26. Leptophidium prorates. Gadidee : 27. Bregmaceros bathymaster. Pleuronectide : 28. Azevia querna. 29. Engyophrys sancti-laurentii. 30. Symphurus atramentatus. 31. Symphurus leei. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 770. 149 150 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN. 1. Raja equatorialis sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Related to Raja inornata Jordan and Gilbert, from which it is at once distinguished by having four rows of spines below eyes, a series of stout spines on each side of tail in the male and no prickles on back except the median series and the spine on each shoulder. The size is much smaller (length, 14 inches), it being one of the smallest of the rays. Type: No. 41,132, U. S. National Museum. HaBp.—Pacifie Ocean, off coast of the United States of Colombia. 8° 06/ 30” N.; 78° 51’ W. Description.—Disk to posterior base of pectorals one-third broader than long, the breadth exceeding the length by a distance equal to snout and eye; the breadth somewhat longer than length of tail (meas- ured from vent); anterior margin concave in front of eyes. Snout produced at a rather acute angle, its tip rounded, its length from eye 32 in length of disk. Interorbital space rather strongly concave, its width 22 in snout. Eye not much larger than spiracles, 3 in snout. Width of mouth 13 in prenasal part of head; nasal flaps at angle of mouth deeply fringed. Pectorals reaching middle of ventrals, which are as long as from tip of snout to posterior border of spiracle. Claspers in typical example 12 in disk. Dorsals small, their length 2 in snout. Caudalsmall, not longer than eye. Snont above, with two rows of spines besides smaller asperities; arow of about 12 before and above eye and spiracle; a row of strong spines along line of back from posterior border of spiracle to second dorsal, these alternately large and small on the tail; a row of similar spines on each side of tail commencing just behind posterior base of ventrals and extending to caudal; a single spine on the shoulder on each side; four or five ir- - regular rows near the anterior margin of the disk opposite the eyes; the length of this patch not as long as snout. Pectorals with the usual strong retrorse spines characteristic of the males of this genus. Small prickles present along the outer anterior margin of pectorals, interorbital area, on top of snout and along its margin for a distance equal to three-fourths of snout and beneath from tip to opposite pos- terior teeth, the anterior prickles strongest; a small patch in front of eyes. Teeth 42. Color, light brown, spotted with paler; the back with obscure reticu- lations of the ground color, forming honey-comb like markings, surround- ing paler, anobscure roundish dusky blotch at middle of base of pectorals, and a darker one near their posterior base. Edges of ventrals, pectorals, and snout pale. Dark markings on interorbital area and below eye. No markings below. This species is known from asingle male specimen 14 inches in length dredged at a depth of 33 fathoms, at station 2797, off the west coast of Colombia, between Panama and the Galapagos Islands. re pad Seedee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1 2. Discopyge ommata Jordan and Gilbert sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—-Separated from Discopyge tschudii by the spiracles hay- ing coarse fringes. ‘ Type: No. 41,133, U.S. National Museum. Hazs.—Pacifie Ocean off coast of Colombia, 8° 06/ 30/’ N.; 78° 51/ W.; also taken by Professor Gilbert at Panama in 1882. Description.—Disk wider than long by 2 interorbal width. Pectorals extending backward covering base of ventrals. Snout broadly rounded, not at all exserted, its length 45 in length of disk. Eye small, not quite half length of snout. Interorbital space slightly concave, its width 14 in snout. Spiracle smaller than eye, its margin fringed with 8 to 10 papille. Edge of nasal valve vaguely crenulate. Width of mouth 12 in preoral part of head; its anterior margin crenulate; pre- oral part of snout with distinct pores. Tail from vent to tip of caudal, very slightly shorter than rest of body from vent to tip of snout; a fold of skin on each side of tail extending to opposite posterior margin of first dorsal. Second dorsal narrower and higher than first, its length about equal to snout. Upper margin of caudal equal to snout and eye; its margin like that of dorsal, rounded. Ventrals large, adnate behind, with scarcely any antero-posterior margin. Color brown, irregularly mottled and spotted with lighter and darker, these markings more pronounced nearer the margins of disk and on sides of tail; center of disk with a large blackish ocellated spot equal to length of snout, the darker center surrounded by a narrow pale circle, a pale spot in the center; snout pale. Posterior edge of pectoral and entire edge of ventrals pale, the lower posterior part of pectorals spotted. Dorsals and caudal pale, marbled with darker. This species is known from a single female specimen dredged at a depth of 33 fathoms at Station 2795. A specimen was also obtained by Dr. C. H. Gilbert at Panama in 1882.. This specimen was destroyed by fire before a description was published. 3. Urolophus goodei sp. nov. DIAGNosis.—A pproaching Urolophus halleri and nebulosus, from which it is separated by the presence of a strong spine on the middle of the back, by the more angular outline, the narrow ventrals, and the plain coloration. Type: No. 41,150, U. S. National Museum. Has.—Pacifie Ocean, off coast of Colombia: 8° 06/ 30/ N., 78° 51’ W. Description.—Disk (to posterior base of pectorals) broader than long by a distance equal to snout and half eye; anterior margins of disk very slightly convex from in front of eyes outwards, Snout with its tip exserted and sharply pointed, its length 3? in disk to base of pecto- rals. Eye about equal to spiracle, 34 in snout. Margin of spiracles not denticulated. Interorbital area scarcely coneave, its width 2 in snout, Width of mouth 2 in preoral part of head. Nasal fold con- 152 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BULLMAN, cave behind, its edge fringed. Ventrals projecting considerably be- yond disk, their length (from anterior margin of vent backwards) 1} in their breadth. Caudal spine large, its length equal to snout and half eye, its margin with 8-10 sharp forward-projecting spinules; its inser- tion anterior to middle of tail measured from pectorals, its tip reaching front of caudal. Caudal fin (measured from end of spine) equal to snout and eye. Length of tail greater than that of disk by a distance equal to eye and spiracle. Body (in young specimens) entirely smooth except for the presence of one (or two) sharp spine on middle of back. Color plain brown, paler toward margins.of disk; no spots or distinet markings ; under side not mottled; caudal dark above, margined with pale. The above description was taken from a young female specimen 7 inches long. This specimen has the snout wholly smooth. Another about an inch shorter has to spines on middle of back and the snout prickly. Both specimens were dredged at Station 2795, with the pre- ceding species. The snout is wholly smooth in the type. We have named this species for Dr. G. Brown Goode, Director of the U. S. Na- tional Museum. 4. Synodus evermanni sp. noy. DIAGNOSIS.—Related to Synodus poeyi Jordan, but the snout shorter, the interorbital space broader; the pectorals reaching middle of ven- trals, which are 12 in head; coloration, dark above ; lining of gill cavity and of shoulder girdle, black. From other related species the present one may be known by the large size of the scales. Type: No. 41,144, U. 8S. National Museum. Has.—Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, from 8° 6/30” N., 78° 51’ W., and 7° 57’ N., 78° 55’ W. Stations 2797 and 2795. Description.— Head, 34 to 53 in length; depth, 64 to 7 (74-84 in total). D. 1,10; A.1,10. Scales, 4-47 to 49-5. Body terete, rather robust; snout short, rounded rather than pointed, 4in head. Mouth large; maxillary 1} in head. Interorbital area con- cave, rugose, its least width 52 in head; supraorbital ridge prominent, finely striate. Origin of dorsal nearer adipose fin than snout by three-fourths width of interorbital area. Anterior rays of dorsal coterminous with posterior when depressed ; the last rays not filamentous; the free edge of the fin little concave; dorsal fin higher than long by nearly an eye’s diameter, its length 2+ in head. Lower jaw barely projecting. Lateral line with a blunt keel. Tip of ventrals reaching half way to vent (farther in young); their length 3-14 in head. Pectorals extending to near middle of ventrals, 13-14 in head. Lobes of caudal equal. Color, dark above, pale below; 8 to 10 dusky greenish oblong spots along lateral line; between which and below lateral line are traces of or ll PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. L538 smaller spots. A dusky shade over opercle ; skin lining opercle and shoulder girdle dark, the black markings surrounded by yellow. Adi- pose fin dark, edged with pale; caudal not barred, inner rays dusky; pectorals and dorsal somewhat dusky; other fins pale. Tip of chin searcely dusky. This species is known from numerous specimens dredged at a depth of 33 fathoms in Stations 2795 and 2797. The largest are about 8 inches in length. It is named for Prof. Barton W. Evermann. 5. Synodus jenkinsi sp. noy. DIAGNOsIsS—Closely allied to Synodus scituliceps Jordan & Gilbert, but the head larger, 33 in body; ventrals 12 in head and 6 rows of seales on cheeks. Type: No. 41,171, U. S. National Museum. Hazs.—Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia; Stations 2795 and 2802 ; 8° 6/ 30” N., 78° 51’ W., and 8°51’ (2), 79° 31’ 30” W.; also from Guaymas. Description Head about 3? to 4 in length to base of caudal; depth, 64to7. D.1,100r11; A.1,13. Scales, 5-62 to 65-6; 6 rows on cheeks. Body slender, subterete, depressed. Snout broadly triangular, little pointed, 34 in head, its length about equal to its breadth at base. Mouth large; maxillary 13 in head. Interorbital area concave, rugose, slightly broader than eye, 54 in head; supraorbital, finely striate, with serrulate edge. Origin of dorsal midway between adipose fin and anterior margin of pupil; free margin of fin concave ; anterior rays of dorsal not extending so far as the last when depressed ; last ray filamentous and half length of largest; fin higher than long by an eye’s diameter. Lower jaw included; teeth moderate. Lateral line without a keel. Tip of ventrals reaching slightly more than half way to vent; their length 13 in head. Pectorals reaching root of ventrals, 2 in head, and longer than snout and eye in larger specimens. Upper lobe of caudal the longer, 14 in head. Color, brownish olive, white below ; scales on back with paler specks ; a few rows of scales below lateral line with numerous black dots; head not marbled; jaws not spotted, tip of lower black; inside of opercles dark; lining of shoulder girdle yellow. Pectorals and caudal dusky, former tipped with pale. Adipose fin dark, margined with paler; lower fins pale. This species is known from numerous specimens, dredged at Station 2797 in 33 fathoms and at Station 2802 in 16. The largest is 13 inches in length. Specimens were also obtained by Jenkins and Evermann at Guaymas. The species is named for Dr. Oliver P. Jenkins. 6. Ophisoma nitens sp. nov. DraGnosis.—Related to Ophisoma heterognathus (Bleeker), but with the body (head and trunk) contained 23 times in tail; eye, 7 in head. 154 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN. Type: No. ———, U.S. National Museum. Has.—Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia, 8° 47’ N., 79° 29/ 30” W.; dredged in 14 fathoms, at Station 2801. Description.—Head 1+ in trunk, 54 in tail; interorbital area 2 in the large eye; snout 44 in head, very soft; eye very large, 7 in head, 12 in snout; cleft of mouth 33 in head, extending slightly behind middle of eye; lower jaw considerably shorter than upper. Body slender; tail compressed, 2% times as long as head and trunk. Pectoral long and narrow, 24 in head, 1} times as long as gill-slit; dorsal beginning slightly in advance of root ot pectoral. Color olivaceous, upper parts of head and body with numerous fine black dots; a silvery shade across opercles and below lateral line. Peritoneum bright silvery, giving the belly a pale color. Dorsal and anal with a narrow black margin, below which are a few small spots ; pectoral pale. This species is known from a single young example, 9 inches long, dredged at Station 2801, between the Galapagos and Panama. 7. Ophichthus evionthas sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Approaching Ophichthus bonaparti (Kaup), but having the head, body, and tail covered with numerous round or oval black spots, separated by a yellowish ground-color, and which, at about, 15 places, are larger, and tend to form cross-bands. Type: No. 41,476, U. S. National Museum. Haxs.—Hood Island, Galapagos Archipelago. Description —Head 43 in trunk; about 8 to 10 coarse wrinkles on opercles and throat; snout 44 in head; eye small, 22 in snout, much nearer angle of mouth than tip of snout; cleft of mouth 24 in head, extending slightly beyond eye; lower jaw considerably shorter than upper; teeth small, subequal, acute, recurved, all except anterior vomerine uniserial. Body rather stout; tail very slightly longer than trunk. Pectoral quite small, 95 in head, equal to eye, and slightly shorter than gill-opening; dorsal beginning about twice length of pectoral behind tip of latter. Color, light olive, the entire body covered with numerous round or oval black spots, which are separated by a yellowish ground-color, at intervals. In about 15 places these spots are considerably enlarged, tending to form dusky ecross-bands. At these points the spots extend farther down on the belly; spots most numerous and smallest on head, especially across jaws, behind angle of mouth, and across opercles ; those which tend to form cross-bands on body and tail are the largest, especially the lowermost, which are brownish and more diffused; an irregular series along middle line of belly, this becoming a double series along base of anal; lower side of head profusely spotted. Pectoral with two obscure spots on.1ts anterior side; dorsal with 3 eee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15 15) or 4 rows of spots, those of the upper row elongate; anal pale, the row of spots along each side extending slightly on fin. This species is known from a single specimen, 194 inches leng, taken at Hood Island. It is a female, full of eggs. 8. Ophichthus rugifer sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Closely allied to Ophichthus triserialis (Kaup), but differ- ing as follows: Gill-opening, 23? in the long pectoral, which is 23 in head ; dorsal beginning over middle of pectoral; head and entire body corrugated ; no black occipital band; dorsal with a submarginal row of spots; anal pale; spots on under part of head not distinct; a dark shade extending from gular region across opercles. In other respects it agrees fully with the description of O. triserialis, as given in Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fishes of North America, p. 359. Type: No. 41,428, U. S. National Museum. ‘Has.—Charles Island; Galapagos Archipelago. Description.—Head, 223 in trunk; eye, 32 in gape, 14 in snout; gape, 22 in head; tail, more than 4 longer than head and body; teeth, small, acute, biserial in both jaws and on front of vomer. Color light olive, a row of rather large, round spots along lateral line; a series of smaller spots on each side above the lateral series and alter- nating with it; a row of submarginal spots on the dorsal fin, irregularly alternating with the second series. Top and sides of head with smaller spots; a dusky shade near the middle of each pectoral; lower parts pale except the jaws and throat. This species is known from a single female example, 214 inches in length, taken at Charles Island. 9. Menidia gilberti sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Distinguished from M. pachylepis and guatemalensis (Giinther) by the much smaller scales. i Type : No. 41,165, U. S. National Museum. HAB.—Panama. Description.—Head, 43-44 (54-52 in total); depth, 5§-53 (64-62). D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 21 or 22. Seales, 4-48 or 49-4. Length, 44 inches. Body rather slender, elongate, compressed, especially below. Head sh ‘rt, its upper surface slightly convex. Snout larger than eye, 3 to 5§ in head. Maxillary,14 in snout. Lower jaw included. Eye moderate, 3 to 34 in head, 14 to 1} in interorbital space. Teeth in jaws small, not close set, none on vomer or palatines. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 20 developed below angle. Origin of first dorsal midway between posterior margin of head and base of caudal, its posterior margin opposite front of anal. Its longest spine 41 in head. Insertion of second dorsal midway between base of caudal and fifth scale in front of first dorsal, opposite middle of anal, its longest ray equalto snout. Distance between origin of second 156 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN, dorsal and base of caudal equal to a distance from tip of snout to two- thirds an eye’s diameter beyond upper angle of pectorals. Origin of anal midway between base of caudal and posterior base of peetorals, the base equal to distance from tip of snout to base of pectorals; longest ray equal to snout and eye. Pectorals reaching beyond origin of ventrals, 14 to 14 inhead. Ventrals reaching half way to vent, 13 to 2 in head, their origin midway between front of anal and edge of pre- opercle. Vertical fins nearly or quite scaleless. Scales large and firm ; those above with the edges distinctly crenate. Color greenish, the back rather pale, the szales thickly dusted with brown dots; auarrow vertebral band, which is anteriorly accompanied by a short line on each side; this band is broadest posteriorly. A bluish-silvery lateral band, bordered by dark above, upper parts dotted with biack ; sides and belly paler than back, the upper two rows of scales below lateral band anteriorly with a few dots. Tip of snout, head between eyes, and A-shaped area on top of head, dark; from the occipital mark a streak of dots extend to base of pec- torals; only a few dots on top of opercles; lower jaw dusky; lining of opercle dark; fins ail pale. Of this species numerous specimens, the largest about 44 inches long, were obtained by the Albatross at Panama. Numerous specimens were also obtained at Panama in 1882, by Dr. Gilbert, for whom we have named the species. The species lately described from Guaymas, by Jenkins and Ever mann, under the name of Atherina sardina, is also a Menidia, and should stand as Menidia sardina. 10. Stromateus palometa sp. nov. DIAGNOSIS.—Allied to Stromateus medius Peters, but distinguished by the greater number of dorsal and anal rays (D. III, 45 to 47; A. IL, 45), and by its larger head. (Head 2# to 3 in length.) Type.—No. 41,136, U. S. National Museum. HazB.—Pacific Ocean, off coast of Colombia : 8° 16/ 30” N., 79° 37/ 45” W. Station 2804. Description —Head 23 to 3; depth 2. D. III, 45 to 47; A. ITI, 45. Length of type, 23 inches. Body ovate, compressed, rather deeper than in S. triacanthus; ventral outline most arched; profile evenly convex to nostrils, where it abruptly descends, rendering the snout very blunt. Mouth small: maxillary reaching middle of pupil, 3 in head. Jaws equal. Teeth comparatively long, slender, and close-set, especially in the lower jaw, where they form an even cutting edge. No teeth evident on vomer or tongue. Snout shorter than eye, 44 in head. Hye rather large, 3 to 35 in head (young). Gill-membranes entirely separate. Gill-rakers long and slender, the longest about half eye, about 17 developed below angle. Dorsal and anal spines subequal, the longest not half eye; distance from tip of snout to first soft ray | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM: ac of dorsal less than depth of body by two-thirds diameter ofeye. Base _ of anal slightly shorter than base of dorsal (perhaps longer in the adult). Pectorals as long as head. No trace of ventrals, the pubic bone ending in a sharp spine; the usual antrorse spines before dorsal. Region above lateral line without evident pores. Greatest width of head 24 in its length; cheeks scaly ; opercle naked; body covered with very small seales. Color, silvery, bluish above; body with numerous small black dots, which are most numerous along bases of fins, caudal peduncle, top of head, and snout, and largest along base of anal. Vertical fins covered with small black dots, those on dorsal and anal larger than those on caudal. Pectorals dotted. Numerous specimens of this species, the largest 2? inches long, were dredged in station 2804, at a depth of 47 fathoms. 11. Diplectrum euryplectrum sp. noy. Draqnosis.—Allied to Diplectrum radiale and D. macropoma, distin- guished from the former by having the fascicle of preopercular spines much wider, wider than eye; from the latter by having smaller scales, those on cheeks in 8 or 9 rows, Type.—No. 41,141, U. 8S. National Museum. HaxB.—Pacifie Ocean, off coast of Colombia, from 8° 06 30” N,, 78° 51’ W., and 7° 57’ N., 78° 55’ W., 7° 56’ N., 79° 41’ 30’ W., stations 2797, 2795, 2805. Head (to end of opercular spine) 22 to 22 (34 to 34); depth 32 to 34 (44 to 44). D. X,12; A. III, 8 Scales 8-50 to 55-18. Description —Body moderately elongate, heavy through shoulders; the back not much elevated; anterior profile convex, nearly straight above eyes; mouth large, maxillary reaching posterior border of eye, 2 in head; snout blunt, 32 in head; eye large, slightly shorter than snout, 4 in head. Interorbital space appearing slightly concave, 13 in eye. Teethasin D. radiale. Preopercular process very wide, its width 1} times diameter of eye; spines long and slender, 15 to 20 developed ; the lower angle not so strongly projecting asin D.macropoma. Opercu- lar spine rather sharp, embedded. Gill-rakers rather long, stout as inother species, X + 12. Seales small, rather firm; smaller than in other species; 8 or 9 rows on cheeks; scales on opercle smaller than in D, radiale or D. macropoma. Dorsal spines weak, pungent; second 12 in third; fourth and fifth almost equal, 31 in head; first soft ray 3 in head, shorter than next the last. Upper lobe of caudal longest, 12-12 in head, lower lobe 12-14 in head. First anal spine 14 in second, which is strongest and 14 in third, latter 5in head; soft rays showing a couvex margin; the longest 3$ in head. Pectorals broad; their posterior margin truncate-concave, their length 13 in head. Ventrals 12 in head. Color, brownish above, as in D. radiale, becoming more yellowish and silvery below; sides with about 5 pairs of interrupted black bars; a large black blotch at base of cau- 158 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN. dal. Markings on preorbital and cheeks rather indistinct; a large black spot above preopercular angle on opercle; lips bluish. Spin- ous dorsal dusky above; a small pale spot under tip of spines; soft dorsal plain olive, dark at base; inner rays of caudal tipped with dusky, a few lower rays pale; pectoral and anal pale; ventrals dusky. This species is known from numerous specimens dredged by the Al- batross at stations 2795 and 2797, at a depth of 33 fathoms, and at station 2805 at a depth of 514 fathoms. The largest of these is about 7 inches long. Taken with this species is another equally abundant and very closely related, distinguished chiefly by the larger scales. This seems to be Diplectrum macropoma (Centropristis macropoma Giinther), originally described from Panama. The third species of this type, Diplectrum radiale, was obtained by the Albatross at Panama. In this species the breadth of the fascicle of preopercular spines is notably less, while in the fourth species, D. formesum, this fascicle is, in the adult, divided into two. 12. Prionodes stilbostigma sp. nov. DiAGNOSIS.—Allied to Prionodes luciopercanus (Poey), but the colora- tion entirely different, and the body deeper. Type.—No. ——, U.S. National Museum. Has.—Pacifie Ocean, off the coast of Ecuador, 0° 50’ S8., 89° 36’ W.; depth, 45 fathoms; station, 2809. Description.—Head 3 (33) inlength; depth, 33 (42); D. X, 12; A. III, 7. Seales, 8-58-18. Length of type, 74 inches. Body elongate-elliptical, less slender than in P. luciopercanus; back not much elevated; anterior profile straight from tip of snout to front of dorsal. Sunout sharp, 34 in head, lower jaw considerably projecting, mandible 34 in head. Mouth rather large; maxillary reaching nearly to middle of pupil, 22 in head. Eye large, a little shorter than snout, 4 in head. Interorbital space very slightly concave, ridged. Teeth sinall, anterior teeth of front row in both jaws slightly enlarged; pos- terior teeth of lower jaw also enlarged; vomerine teeth in a A-shaped patch. Preopercle finely serrate, the lower teeth a little coarser, the margin evenly rounded. Opercle ending in three spines of which the middle one is considerably the largest; membrane extending beyond spines. Gill-rakers moderately long and slender, about 9 developed. Seales small, firm, etenoid; 11 rows on cheeks; 11 vertical rows on opercle to pass of spines; 2 rows on interopercle. Spineus dorsal rather low, not notched; first spine about 14 in ey fourth very slightly longer than third, as inne as from tip of snout to mid- dle of eye, 24 in head; soft dorsal not elevated, first ray 23 in-head. Upper lobe of caudal the longer, 12 in head; lower lobe, 13 in head. Second anal spine strongest, hardly as long as third, which is 33 in head; > first, 14 in second; first anal ray, 3 in head; penultimate longest, 2 Seal PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159 in head; lastsomewhat shorter. Pectorals pointed, 14 in head, reach- ing beyond tips of ventrals to vent. Ventrals 12 in head. Soft dor- sal and anal with a few scales. Scales on breast and belly small. Color reddish (prolfably crimson in life), becoming paler beneath, breast somewhat orange. 45 47 2 ies cccese Bes SROs AE SSSR EASE CREE Cte ae ite ete ae ye sah) 79 41 30 514 PAI. Gers dad HS Shee aS cs Stn eh ene ee ee 0 50 O S./ 89 86 0 45 Galeorhinide : Eulamia lamiella (Jordan & Gilbert). Chatham. Galeocerdo maculatus (Ranzani). Panama. Galeus dorsalis (Gill). Panama. Rajide : Raja equatorialis Jordan & Bollman. Station 2797. Torpedinide : Discopyge ommata Jordan & Gilbert. 2797. Dasyatidee : Urolophus goodei Jordan & Bollman. 2797 Siluride : Tachysurus platypogon (Giinther). 2795. Yachysurus elatturus (Jordan & Gilbert). (Var.?) 2800. Albulidee : Albula vulpes (L.). Panama. Clupeide : Pellona panamensis Steindacnner. Panama. Clupeasp. (very young). Indefatigable. Stolephoride : e Cetengraulis mysticetus (Giinther). Panama. Stolephorus poeyi Giinther. Panama. Stolephorus ischanus Jordan & Gilbert. Panama. Synodontide : Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman. 2805, 2797, 2795. Synodus jenkinsi Jordan & Bollman. 2797, 2800, 2799. Murwenidie : Murena lentiginosa Jenyns (=M. pinta Jordan & Gilbert), Charles, 180 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN. Ophisuridie: Ophichthus evionthas Jordan & Bollman. Hood. Ophichthus rugifer Jordan & Bollman, Charles. Congride : Ophisoma nitens Jordan & Bollman, 2801. Murienesox coniceps Jordan & Gilbert. 2795, Panama. Cyvrinodontide : Pecilia elongata Giinther. Panama. Exocetide: Exoceetus cyanopterus C. & V. James. Halocypselus evolans (L.), 6° south of equator. Fodiator acutus (C. & V.). Panama. Hemiramphus unifasciatus Ranzani. Panama. Hemiramphus roberti (C. & V.). Indefatigable. Chatham. Tylosurus stolzmanni (Steindachner). Indefatigable; Panama. Fistularidie : Fistularia depressa Giinther. Panama. Mugilida : Mugil curema C. & V. Panama. Mugil cephalus L. (rammelsbergi). Chatham; Hood. Mugil species nova (?). Chenomugil proboscideus (Giinther). Panama. Querimana harengus (Giinther). Panama. Atherinids : Menidia gilberti Jordan & Bollman. Panama. Polynemide : Polydactylus opereularis (Gill). 2304. Panama. Polydactylus approximans Lay & Bennett, 2500. Panama. Trichiuride : Trichiurus lepturus L. Panama. Scombride : Scomber colias Gmelin. Albemarle. Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill), Panaia. - Carangide : Oligoplites altus (Giinther). Panama, Oligoplites saliens (Bloch & Schneider), Panama. Decapterus hypodus Gill. Charles, Caranx latus Agassiz. Panama; Chatham. Caranx hippos (L.). Panama. Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). 2800, 2501, 2797, 2802, 2-04. Panama. Chloroscombrus orqueta Jordan & Gilbert. Panama, Seriola dorsalis Gill (?). Albemarle. Stromateide : Stromateus palometa Jordan & Bollman. 2804. Centropomide : Centropomus armatus Gill. Panama. Serranide : Rypticus nigripinnis Gill. Panama. Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns). Indefatigable ; Charies, eee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Serranida—Continued. Epinephelus analogus Gill. Charles; Panama. Mycteroperca olfax (Jenyus). Abingdon; Charles. Paranthias farcifer (C. & V.). Albemarle; Chatham ; Hood; Charles. Paralabrax albomaculatus (Jenyns). Albemarle ; Charles, Prionodes stilbostigma Jordan & Bollman — 2809. Prionodes fasciatus Jenyns. Hood; Albemarle; Charles. Diplectrum radiale (Quoy & Gaimard). 2800. Panama. Diplectrum macropoma (Giinther). 2795, 2797, 2800, 2799. Panama. } \ 5) ’ ’ Diplectrum euryplectrum Jordan & Bollman. 2795, 2805, 2797. Cratinus agassizi Steindachner. Charles. Kuhlia arge Jordan & Bollman. Chatham. Sparide : Xenichthys xanti Gill. Panama. Xenocys jessie Jordan & Bollm.u. Charles. Lutjanus inermis Peters. Panama. Lutjanus guttatus Steindachner. Panama. Hzemulon seudderi Gill. Panama. Anisotremus bilineatus (C. & V.). Hood. Indefatigable. Anisotremus treniatus Gill. Panama. Pomadasis panamensis (Steindachner). 2305, 2800, 2801. Pomadasis macracantkus (Giinther). Panama. Pomadasis leuciscus (Giinther). Panama. Pomadasis elongatus (Steindachner). Panama. Orthopristis chalceus (Giinther). Panama; Albemarle; Chatham; Charles. Calamus taurinus (Jenyns). Charles. Archosargus peurtalesi (Steindachner). Chatham. Mullide : Upeneus grandisquamis Gill. 2800. Panama; Chatham. Sciznide : Archboscion remifer (Jordan & Gilbert). Panama. Cynoscion reticulatus (Giinther). Panama. Cynoscion stolzmanni Steindachner(?). Panama. Cynoscion phoxocephalum (Jordan & Gilbert). Panama. Nebris microps C. & V. Panama. Larimus argenteus (Gill). Panama. Larimus pacificus Jordan & Bollman. Panama. Bairdiella ensifera (Jordan & Gilbert). Panama. Bairdiella armata Gill. Panama. Bairdiella chrysoleuca (Giintber). Panama. Stelliferus escitans Jordan & Gilbert. Panama. Stelliferus ericymba Jordan & Gilbert. Panama. Scizna typica (Gill). Panama. Scizena imiceps Jordan & Gilbert. Panama. Micropogon altipinnis Giinther. Panama. Polycirrhus rathbuni Jordan & Bollman. Panama. Polycirrhus dumerili Bocourt. Panama. Menticirrhus nasus (Giinther). Panama. Gerridee : Gerres gracilis (Gill). Panama. -Gerres californiensis (Gill). Panama. Gerres cinereus (Walbaum). Chatham. Gerres peruvianus Cuy. & Val. Panama, 181 182 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, FISHES—JORDAN AND BOLLMAN. Chatodontide : Cheetodon humeralis Giinther. Panama. Ephippide : Cheetodipterus faber (L.). Panama. Pomacentride : Pomacentrus sp. (very young). Indefatigable. Labride : Platyglossus nicholsi Jordan & Gilbert. Charles. Platyglossus dispilus Giinther. Panama Malacanthide : : Caulolatilus princeps (Jenyns). Charles; Albemarle. Scorpenide : Scorpena histrio Jenyns. Hood ; Charles ; Panama. Scorpena russula Jordan & Bollman. 2797, 2795. Triglide : Prionotus horrens Richardson, 2800. Prionotus miles Jenyns. Albemarle; Charles. Prionotus quiescens Jordan & Bollman. 2800, 2801, 2804, 2805, 2795. Prionotus albirostris Jordan & Bollman. 2795. Prionotus birostratus Richardson. 2795. Prionotus xenisma Jordan & Bollman. 2805, 2795. Gobiide : Gobius soporator C. & V. Panama. Bollmannia chlamydes Jordan. 2804, 2805, 2803, 2802, 2800. Blenniide : Runula azalea Jordan & Bollman. Indefatigable. Uranoscopide : Kathetostoma averruncus Jordan & Bollman. 2800. Batrachide : Batrachoides pacifici (Giinther). Panama. Porichthys nautopedium Jordan & Bollman. Indefatigable, 2796, 2795, 2802, 2805. Thalassophryne dowi Jordan & Gilbert. 2800. Ophidiide : Leptophidium prorates Jordan & Bollman, 2801. Panama. Otophidium indefatigabile Jordan & Bollman. Indefatigable. Gadide: Bregmaceros bathymaster Jordan & Bollman. 2804. Pleuronectidee : Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner). Panama. Paralichthys sp. nov.? adspersus aff. Panama. Syacium ovale (Giinther). (Including S§. latifrons, ¢ of same species.) 2800. Panama. 2795, 2797. Azevia panamensis (Steindachner). 2797. Azevia querna Jordan & Bollman. 2800, 2801, 2802. Citharichthys spilopterus Giinther. Panama. 2803. Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert, 2802. Panama. Etropus species nova?, 2802, 2803. Engyophrys sancti-laurentii Jordan & Bollman, 2805, 2795. Maar PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 183 Pleuronectidzee—Continued. Platophrys constellatus Jordan, 2795, 2797, 2796. Platophrys leopardinus (Giinther). Chatham. Hippoglossina macrops Steindachner. 2805, 2804. Achirus fonsecensis (Giinther). Panama. Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman. 2795, 2797, 2805. Symphurus elongatus (Giinther). 2804. Symphurus leei Jordan & Bollman. 2800, 2802, 2803. Balistide : Balistes capistratus Shaw. Chatham. Tetraodontide : Spheroides fiirthi (Steindachner). 2800. Spheroides politus (Ayres). Panama. Spheroides annulatus (Jenyns). Indefatigable; Albemarle; Panama; Chatham. Spheroides angusticeps (Jenyns). Chatham ; Charles; Panama. Tetraodon erethizon (Jordan & Gilbert). Panama. Lophiide : Lophius sp. (very young). 2804. Malthide : Malthe elater Jordan & Gilbert. Panama. THE INDIANA UNIVERSITY, June 27, 1889. - ad ia v7 : er 7 7 as # ape Om i. . i. le 7 i <_- : > i 7 » ts: ~ Ps. i ni 3 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U.S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. {Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. | No. V.—ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE INSECTS COLLECTED IN 1887-88. BY L. O. Howarp, Acting Curator of the Depariment of Insects. INTRODUCTION. Upon assuming charge of the Department of Insects, after Dr. Riley’s departure for Europe in April last, I found this collection awaiting re- port, and learned that the Myriapoda and Arachnida received with the Hexapoda, under Accession Number 21699, had been sent to specialists for report. After a review of the material, and notification from the office of the Assistant Secretary in charge of the Museuin that a speedy report was desirable, I decided that the most expeditious and satisfac- tory method of determining the collection would be to call upon the best known specialists in the country for assistance. I therefore sent the Hemiptera of the collection to Prof. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore, Md.; the Orthoptera to Mr. Lawrence Bruner, of Lincoln, Nebr.; the Diptera to Dr. S. W. Williston, of New Haven, Conn.; the Lepidoptera to Rev. W. J. Holland, of Pittsburgh, Pa.; and the Mallophaga to Prof. Herbert Osborn, of Ames, lowa. All of these gentlemen very kindly sent in prompt and satisfactory reports, and each is wholly responsible for the determinations in his group. The remainder of the material was deter- mined by the Aid of the Department, Mr. M. L. Linell. The method of arrangement adopted was deemed most desirable as giving at a glance an idea of the collections made in each general local- ity, but at the same time it rendered it impossible to publish each report by itself. The Arachnida have been determined by Dr. George Marx, of the Department of Agriculture, and it has been deemed best to place his report in its entirety at the end of the Hexapoda. His report includes certain manuscript names, and the specific descriptions accompanying will be published elsewhere. The Myriapoda were submitted to Mr. Charles H. Bollman, of Bloom- ington, Ind., who finds but eight species represented. His report is so short that his descriptions of new species are included. gl Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 771. ee told) 186 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, INSECTS-—HOWARD. The material as a whole is of great interest, and presents a strong argument in favor of future collections by the Fish Commission steam- ers and other Government vessels. From our standpoint the collections are surprisingly small, and but little time has evidently been given to these three classes. Conspicuous species have in most cases been pre- ferred, and in all of the localities an hour’s industrious sweeping of the herbage with a beating-net would have infinitely enriched the collec- tions. HEXAPODA. CLEMENTE ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. COLEOPTERA. Family CARABIDZ. Besides fragments of the common Californian Anisodactylus brunneus Dej., a new species of Calosoma was collected here. 28 6. Size of C. palmeri Lee. from Guadeloupe Island, but different in form and sculpt- ure.* Family TENHBRIONIDZ. Eulabis grossa Lec. | One specimen. Eusattus robustus Lec. Three specimens. These two species seem to be peculiar to the island. Eleodes dentipes Esch. One specimen. Occurs abundantly in South California. LEPIDOPTERA. Family BOMBYCID 2. One larva of Spilosoma sp. LOWER CALIFORNIA AND PANAMA. COLEOPTERA. ) Family TENEBRIONID. Asida morbillosa Lec. One specimen. Ballenas Bay. Asida obsoleta Lec. Fragments of a variety of this Californian species were taken on St. | Margarita Island. - *The coleopterological fauna of Clemente Island is quite well known, and the oc- ; currence of this conspicuous new Calosoma under this locality label arouses the sus- picion that a mistake may have been made.—L. O. H. rae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187 Bleodes quadricollis Esch. Thirty-seven specimens. St. Margarita Island. Occurs also abund- antly in Southern California. Eleodes militaris Horn. Eleodes dentipes Esch. Hleodes acuticauda Lec. Fragments of these three species found at Ballenas Bay. Cryptoglossa sp.? Fragments. Ballenas Bay. Cerenopus costulatus Horn. A female and fragments of another specimen of this rare species found at Ballenas Bay. Argoporis, new species. . Six specimens. St. Margarita Island. Family MELOIDA. Tegrodera erosa Lec. Four specimens. St. Margarita Island. A species well known from Southern California. Family CERAMBYCID. Megaderus stigma Lin. One specimen. Panama. ORTHOPTHERA. Family ACRIDIID. Schistocerca vaga Scudd. A single female specimen from Ballenas Bay belongs here. Thrincus californicus Thos. A single pupa of this species is contained in the collection from Cer- ros Island. Five specimens of a rather large Acridiid were collected at Cerros Island. This insect is a rather peculiar one, since from its general ap- pearance it can easily be mistaken for one of the Gidipodine. A casual glance will, however, be sufficient to show its relationship with the Rhomaleans on the one side and the Truxalids on the other. It is one of comprehensive forms sometimes met with among insects. The strongly spined prosternum forbids its being placed either with the Gdipodine or Truxaline, while the structure of the pronotum gives its piace with the Tropidinotians. It may be new, but from want of the proper refer- ence-books I refrain from describing it as such. 188 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, INSECTS—-HOWARD. Family BLATTID. Blabera limbata (Burm. ). A single specimen from Panama belongs here. Nyctobora ? holosericea? KI]. Two immature specimens of a cockroach from Panama are placed in the genus Nyctobora and referred to holosericea Kl. with doubt. HEMIPTHERA. Tetyra farcta Germar, (Pachycoris). Zeits. I, p. 92. No. 20. Pachycoris guttipes Walker, Brit. Mus,, Cat. Hem., I, p. 47, No. 11. One female from Panama. It has the antero-lateral margins of the pronotum a little more expanded than in the normal Mexican speci- mens, and the black dots much reduced in size. Augocoris sexpunctatus Fabr. (Cimex), Spec. Ins., 11, p. 339, No. 7. Augocoris sexpunctatus Sfal, Enum. Hemipt., 1, p. 18, No. 2. Two males were taken on board the ship at electric light, latitude 4° 18’ N., longitude 85° W. The smaller one is suffused with rose color on the upper side, and it is evidently immature, with the exterior in- tegument imperfectly oxidized, and consequently it would have been dark colored if allowed to reach maturity. It is remarkable for having the rostrum very nearly as long as the body. The tip of this organ as now resting reaches almost te the end of the anal segment, but if set flat against the venter it would reach quite to the extremity of that segment. Augocoris ehrenbergii Germar, Zeits., 1, p. 140, No. 2. One male from Panama, captured on board ship, March 6. It is only in deference to the views of my friend, the late Dr. Carl Stal, that I retain this-species as separate from the preceding. The length of the rostrum is now observed to be of no value in separating the species of this genus. Family COREIDZ. Catorhintha guttula Fabr. (Lygieus), Ent. Syst., rv, p. 162, No. 92. A single immature female was collected at Panama. It is larger than the typical specimens from the West Indies and Central America, has the antenniferous spine longer and more curved, and one of the spines is wanting on the right-hand side. MALLOPHAGA. (On Diomedea exulans). Two species of Lipeurus. Lipeurus taurus Nitsch. Many specimens of males, females, and young. Nore PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189 Lipeurus diomedee F. 4, 9, juv., and eggs. Fabricius’s description is very meager. Dufour described it fully as did Giglioli from D. brachyura. Piaget thinks Z. ferox of Giebel from D. melanophrys the same, but makes diomedew the synonym. The identity of the forms irom the different species of Diomedew is sup- ported by careful comparison of these specimens with the deseriptions of various authors and with a 2 from the D. brachyura in my possession. The eggs inclosed in the vial with these and LZ. taurus probably (almost ceriainly) belong to diomedew. They are very large, 2.4"" long. Their shape is peculiar, reminding one of the valves of a barnacle, flattened, attached by a short pedicel, the outline as a whole semicordate, the straight line running from pedicel to apex and the opposite sides curved. Black lines run along the margin and on each face parallel to these, and a short, transverse line near the center ; between this and the base are two irregular spots or expansions of the dark lines. (On Phaéton ethereus). No species have been described from this bird to my knowledge, and if so it must have been since the publication of Piaget’s ‘“ Les Pedi- culines” Docophorus sp. An undescribed species, 2™™ long, with triangular head, narrow elypeus which is deeply emarginate. The color is brown, and the trausverse bands of the abdomen run without interruption the width of the segments. Differs decidedly from D. hexagonus Giebel described from Pheton phenicurus, in having the clypeus deeply cut instead of evenly truncate. Approaches D. breviantennatus Piaget, which occurs on Sula australis, but appears to be slightly smaller and lighter colored, while the abdominal bands are not interrupted in the middle. Three specimens. If desired to designate by name it may be called Docophorus phatonus. Menopon sp. near fuscofasciatum Piag. Agrees very closely with fuscofasciatum described from Lestris poma- rina except that it appears somewhat more robust than shown in Piaget’s figure. Whether the difference is sufficient for formation of a new species is doubtful without comparison with specimens of that species. Colpocephalum sp. near angulaticeps Piaget. Agrees more closely with C. angulaticeps from Fregata minor than with C. incisum from Pheton flavirostris. A very minute species, of which there was a single specimen in the vial with other lice from Pheton wthereus, and this was unfortunately lost by accident, an invol- untary cough carrying it from the slide while placed under the micro- scope for dry examination, 190 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, INSECTS—HOWARD. NEUROPTERA, Family LIBELLULIDZ. Anax junius Drury. A specimen of this widely distributed species was caught on board on the Pacifie coast. It also occurs in our Southern States. Family TERMITINA. A colony of Termites was collected at Panama, but no winged speci- mens. The species consequently can not be determined. LEPIDOPTERA. Family NYMPHALIDZ. Heliccnius apseudes Hiibn. (Sicyonia A.), Zutr. Ex. Shmett., Figs. 141, 142. One example; g. Panama. Elnia vanessoides Blanch. Gay, Faun. Chil., vir, p. 28, Pl. v, Fig. 5, 6. One very badly worn female specimen, ticketed ‘‘ Panama.” Family SPHINGID. 4Bllopus titan Cram. Pap. Exot., Pl. 142, Fig. F. One example, ticketed ‘‘ Off Taboga, Bay of Panama.” Family SESITDZ. Isanthrene crabroniformis Stand. One example; 2; labeled ‘* Panama.” HYMENOPTERA. Family MYRMICID. Cremastogaster lineolata Say. A specimen from Ballenas Bay shows that this, our common species, has a wide distribution. Family POMPILID. Pepsis formosa Say. Of this Arizona species a specimen was collected on St. Margarita Island. Family VESPID 2. One poor specimen of the genus Polybia, from Panama. A light-colored specimen of Polistes from St. Margarita Island, some- wliat different from any of our southwestern forms, and two specimens of an obscure species of the same genus collected at Panama. Hee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM L9k DIPTERA. Family TABANIDZ. One specimen of a species belonging to the genus Tabanus from Panama. It resembles 7. (Atylotus) insuetus O. S., though difterent. GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO. COLEOPTERA Family CARABID. Calosoma galapagoum ? Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1838. Fifty-eight specimens (2, Duncan Island, 44, Charles Island, and 12, Chatham Island) were collected of a Calosoma that is of a shining bronze-green color and has the elytral intervals distinctly carinated, with the third, seventh, and tenth broken up by large punctures. The male has three tarsal joints strongly dilated and spongy beneath. Hope describes his species above as black and smooth, with three rows of punctures on the elytra. Still it is likely to be the same species. Together with all the following Galapagos beetles described by Hope and Waterhouse, it was first collected by Charles Darwin during the famous Beagle expedition. Pecilus calathoides Waterh., Ann. Nat. Hist., xvi, 1845. A pair was found on Charles Island ; the male is shining, the female opaque. Selenophorus galapagoensis Waterh., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1845. Five specimens from Charles Island. Family PTINIDZ. One specimen of the genus Tetrapriocerca was collected on Indefatig- able Island. Although of the same habitus it is probably different from our Florida species, 7. longicornis Oliv., which is known to have a wide distribution in Central and South America.. Family SCARABAIDA. Oryctes galapagoensis Hope, Ann. Nat. Hist., 1845. One specimen from Chatham Island. Itis 1 inch long, shining chest- nut-brown. Family CERAMBYCIDE. Mallodon sp.? Thirteen specimens were collected on Chatham Island and one on Dunean Island. As no species of this conspicuous genus had been previously recorded from this island group, it will be highly interest- ing to see whether it is a new species, peculiar to the archipelago, or whether it belongs to a continental form, This can not besettled at the present time. All the other Coleoptera from this locality are not found elsewhere. 197 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, INSECTS—-HOWARD. Eburia amabilis Bohem., Eugen. Resa, 1859. One specimen of this elegant species was captured on Charles Island. Family CISTELID. Two specimens of a species of Allecula, probably new, from Charles Island. Family TENEBRIONIDE. Stomion galapagoensis Waterh., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1845. Stomion helopoides Waterh., l. c. The series collected is sufficient to prove the identity of these two species, and it is interesting to notice the same variability in sculpture that characterizes our western Tenebrionide. Thirteen specimens from Charles Island and five from Chatham Island. Ammophorus bifoveatus Waterh. One specimen from Charles Island. Family CURCULIONIDE. Three specimens of a form belonging to this family were collected on Chatham Island. ORTHOPTERA. Family FORFICULID. Anisolabis maritima? Bon. A single earwig, collected on Chatham Island, is doubtfully referred to this species. Itagrees more closely with A. azteca Dohrn. in general color than it does with maritima, but in size it approaches more nearly the latter. Family GRYLLID. A ericket of the genus Gryllus, of which there are eleven (immature and mature) specimens, one collected on Albemarle Island, the others on Chatham Island; bears a close resemblance to the common Gryllus domesticus, if it is not that species. My material is scant in this group, and especially in foreign forms; and not wishing to rely entirely upon comparisons with descriptions in so difficult a group as this is, I have hesitated to decide further. Family LOCUSTIDZ. Bucrates? cocanus? Boliy. The species which is referred to the above-named genus and species with doubt, is represented by a single very young larva. In addition to its youth, it is alcoholic as well as somewhat mutilated. Anaulocomera cornucervi? Brunner. There is also a pair of small katydids, one from Chatham Island and one from Indefatigable Island, belonging te the genus Anaulocomera. ea || PROCEEDINGS OF 'THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 193 Although the specimens are alcoholic, the long stag-horn-like cerei of the male will hardly leave room for doubt as to its identity with cornu- cervi of Brunner. Family ACRIDIID&. Schistocerca melanocera Stal. There are thirty-eight specimens of this beautiful large locust (col- lected—sixteen on Indefatigable Island, fifteen on Charles Island, three on James Island, four on Albemarle Island, and six on Duncan Island). They are somewhat larger than our americana and the oriental pere- grina, with the wings longer and more ample. It is therefore well equipped for long flights, which it evidently sometimes takes. There are also four specimens, from Chatham Island, of a much smaller locust belonging to the same genus with the preceding. Whether or not it is a described species I am unable to say until after [ have had the opportunity of examining several works upon these insects that I do not have in my library. It is a diminutive of americana in many respects, the females being only a trifle over 1} inches in length, while the males are even smaller. In addition to the specimens above enumerated the collection also contains four pup of some member of the same genus, and perhaps of the preceding species, since they too were taken on Chatham Isl- and. Among the others from Chatham Island are two specimens of Acridti belonging close to the genus Pezotettiv, but I do not care to definitely place them, since one is immature and the other has no abdomen. The tegmina and wings of the mutilated one are rudimentary, and it evi- dently measured 25"™ in length. The posterior femora are marked with three moderately broad, dusky bands, both internally and externally. A small specimen, a male, of a locust that at first glance reminds one of the lined Stenobothri on account of the trivittate coloring of the head, pronotum, and tegmina, but which, upon a closer inspection, is found to be an Acridiid, is placed in the genus Luprepocnemis. It is probably an undescribed form. Indefatigable Island. Trimerotropis placida? Stal. Two specimens of a small 7rimerotropis are placed here, although Saussure in his “ Prodromus Gidipodiorum” makes it a synonym of 77. ochraceipennis (Blanch.). Length of body, 2, 20 to 22 millimeters. James Island. Family BLATTIDZ. Periplaneta americana Linn. Ten specimens of this cosmopolitan cockroach were collected on Chatham Island. Proc. N. M, 89 13 194 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, INSECTS—-HOWARD, Periplaneta australasie Fab. Also widely distributed. Three mature specimens and three mature larvee from Charles Island. Leucophea surinamensis (Lin.). This rather widely distributed species of cockroach is represented in the present collection by three mature and nine immature specimens. Of the former one, a rather darker form than usual is from Bahia, Bra- zil; three young are from the Island of Abrolhos. The remaining speci- mens are from the Galapagos Islands. Naupheta bivittata Brunner. Three specimens from Chatham Island are referred here. Naupheta levigata? (Pal.). The Galapagos Islands material also contains three immature speci- mens of a second Naupheta, which is evidently the Blatta levigata of Palisot de Beauvais. HEMIPTERA. Family PENTATOMID. Nezara viridans Stal., Freg. Eugenie Resa. Ins., p. 228, No. 21. Two specimens were secured on Chatham Island. Family HYDROBATID&. Halobates wuellerstorfi Frauenf.. Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell., v. 17, 458. B. White, Challenger Exped. Zool., v. vil, p. 40, pl. 1, fig. 1. Numerous specimens were collected from the surface of the ocean near the Galapagos Islands and south as far as latitude 239, and also in the Caribbean Sea. The sculpture most usual on deep-water shells is of a kind which serves to strengthen the structure, much like the ridges which give rigidity to corrugated-iron work, or the curves used by architects in wrought-iron beams. Spiral or longitudinal hollow riblets, a transverse lattice work of elevated laminz such as are developed for. similar rea- sons on the frail larval shells of many gastropods, a recurvature of the margin of the aperture in forms which in the Litoral Region never de- velop such recurvature —these are instances in point. Besides these there are small props and buttresses developed which serve the same purpose of strengthening the frail structure at its points of least resistance. Such are the garlands of little knobs so commonly found in front ef the suture in abyssal shells of many and diverse groups. It is not intended to suggest that the methods above indicated have eae PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 229 not been developed also in shallow-water forms and for similar reasons. The distinction which I would point out is that in litoral species, as a rule, these devices are subsidiary to the much simpler course of strength- ening the shell by adding to its thickness. In the abyssal forms, for reasonsalready explained, this mode is not practicable and consequently we have the one without the other. .The operculum is generally horny in abyssal mollusks, frequently disproportionately small, compared with that of congeneric litoral species, and in a remarkably large number of cases is absent altogether. As might be expected of descendants with modification, the resem- blance is greater between the larval shells of benthal species and those of their shallow-water relatives than between the parts of the shell of later growth. There is one notable difference, however. In the deep- water forms the nucleus is frequently larger than in their litoral ana- logues. It would seem as if the condition of the depths were such that of a small number of large larvie more are more likely to survive than of a large number of small ones; or at least that this form of repro- duction is more useful to the species. These details will serve to show the multiplicity of facts to be accounted for and the opportunity for advancing science by a study of abyssal conditions and their effects upon the animals subjected to them. Without claiming any unique importance for the theories advanced in the foregoing remarks it may still be said that the subject is one of the very greatest interest. Perhaps experiments upon shallow-water forms, artificially subjected to pressure, may at some future time enable us to penetrate more deeply into the mysteries of life in the abysses. It now remains to take up the collections made by the Albatross party on their voyage. Beginning the enumeration at Santa Lucia in the West Indies, and terminating it at San Francisco, California, it appears that the register of operations includes one hundred and forty dredging stations and forty anchorages, besides sundry surface collections. From the inspec- tion of the collection of mollusks, which is almost entirely preserved in alcohol, it seems that mollusks were collected in eighty of tie casts of the dredge or trawl, and at twenty-seven of the anchorages, distrib- uted as follows: On the Atlantic coast of America and in the Straits of Magellan, six- ‘teen stations and eleven anchorages are represented, of which eight casts were in water over 100 fathoms deep. On the Pacific coast of South America from the Straits of Magellan to Panama and to the Galapagos Islands mollusks were collected at thirty-nine stations and twelve anchorages. At eleven American sta- tions and three near the Galapagos Islands the depth was over 100 fathoms. On the Mexican and Central American coast north of Panama mol- 230 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. lusks were chtained at twenty stations and six anchorages, none of which were in more than 100 fathoms. Lastly, on the coast of California at five stations, of which two were in more than 100 fathoms, and at three anchorages, mollusks were col- lected. Altogether the dredgings on archibenthal grounds amounted to tweuty-four, all told. The mollusk collection made at these stations was very small in bulk, though important in its nature. The collections can be roughly divided into two classes. The first, from the Litoral Region, is of value as indicating the distribution of the species, and as affording rare specimens with the soft parts in condi- tion for study. The full value of this part of the collection will not be evident until the whole has been thoroughly studied, compared, and named, which will necessarily be a work of considerable duration. The second portion of the collection is that containing the deep. water species whose interest is of a wider sort, for reasons already discussed. Being so much smaller in buik it can be readily handled and discussed, especially in connection with previous work done in the region between Chesapeake Bay and the northern shores of South America. I shall therefore in this report, which is avowedly ofa wholly prelim- inary nature, confine my attention chiefly to the deep-sea forms of both oceans and the Atlantic shallow-water species; combining with those collected on the voyage from ocean to ocean a few, obtained by the Alba- tross in previous work on our southeastern coast, which naturally fall into the same category, and including with the merely descriptive mat- ter a discussion of some points in regard to the anatomy and biogra- phy of these species. A suppiementary report on the shallow-water forms of the Pacifie collected on the voyage is in preparation by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns. In a general way, before dismissing the shallow-water collections from consideration, I may point out that the collections from the eastern shores of the two Americas are of great value as extending our knowl- edge of the geographical distribution of many species. Thus we find that a good many of the forms common to the shores of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, as well as the Antilles, extend to the Abrolhos Islands or even to Rio Janeiro, while, mixed with them, area few which seem to find their normal geographical center near the southern extremity of South America. On the west coast of South America the shore collec. tions offer nothing unexpected and the collections from the shores of ‘the Galapagos Islands are unfortunately meager. Those from moder- ate depths of water off the coast of Lower California, on the other hand, show glimpses of a fauna apparently as rich as that of the Antilles and which has so far been little investigated. The archibenthal fauna off the coast of Alta California, like that off the shoals of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard in New England, shows an almost entirely distinct facies from that of the shallower water near a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. aol the shores, and in the future will doubtless afford a rich harvest of nov- elties to the naturalists who investigate its treasures. The present contribution to that branch of the subject is a mere beginning ina line which promises rich results when more effectively explored. In conclusion I would express my appreciation of the facilities offered by the authorities of the Fish-Commission, the National Museum, and the Smithsonian Institution in the preparation of this report. NOTES ON THE SPECIES COLLECTED. Class BRACHIOPODA. The collection of Brachiopoda made on the voyage was small and of little interest. Only one species, represented by two specimens, was an addition to the Museum collection. The localities and data have a cer- tain value for students of the group. Family EUDESIIDA. Budesia venosa Solander. This species was obtained from latitude 45° south, off the east coast of South America, near Point Malaspina southward to Magellan Straits, in 20 to 80 fathoms, the temperature varying from 47° to 57° F. The OF station numbers were 2769, 2770, 2772, 2775, 2777, 2778, and 2779. Eudesia fontaineana Orbigny. Terebratula fontaineana Orb. Voy. Am. Mer., v., p. 675, No. 782, ix, pl. 85, figs. 30, 31. Waldheimia venosa (pars) Dall, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., p. 183, 1873, not of Solander. HAB.—Station 2783, off the west coast of Patagonia, in south lat- itude 51° 2’, in 122 fathoms mud; bottom temperature 47°.9 F, This interesting species appears to be very rare; the only other spee- imens I have heard of are the original types of Orbiguy, in the Paris Museum, which I have never seen. His figure is excellent, but rather too inflated, which led me in 1873 to refer the species, though with some doubt,. to H. venosa as a synonym. Aw examination of the present Specimens leaves no doubt of the validity of the species. Externally it much resembles a large, smooth speciinen of Terebratulina caputserpen- tis var. septentrionalis. The ramifications of the sinuses are white and form two blunt rather short channels on each side of each valve. They have no small attenuated divarications as in HL. venosa. The exterior is mostly of a russet-brown color, but this may possibly be extraneous. The soft parts and apophyses do not differ {rom the usual type in this genus. Terebratella dorsata Gmelin. This species was, on the east coast of South America, not obtained north of south latitude 52°, near Cape Virgins, but elsewhere was asso- ciated with H. venosa and obtained through the same range of depth and Dae REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. temperature at Stations 2772, 2775, 2777, 2778, 2779 and at various points in Magellan Straits. Bouchardia rosea Mawe. Special search for this species was enjoined in the instructions to the collectors of the expedition, as the soft parts are not yet known and the shell is very peculiar. The only results were the dredging of a number of valves and dead shells at Station 2762, in south latitude 23° 08’ and west longitude 41° 54’, east of Rio Janeiro in 59 fathoms mud and gravel; bottom temperature 579.1 F. Family TEREBRATULID. Terebratulina cailleti Crosse. This well known Antillean species was obtained at Station 2750, off St. Bartholomew, West Indies, in 496 fathoms sand, and at Stations 2752 and 2753 in 281 fathoms sand off Santa Lucia, the bottom temperatures ranging from 44°.4 to 48° F. Family LINGULID!. Glottidia albida Hinds. This species was dredged in 5 fathoms mud, off the coast of Lower California, in north latitude 26° 42’. Family CRANIIDA. Crania pourtalesii Dall. HAB.—-Station 2,781 in south latitude 51° 52’ west, longitude 73° 41’ on the west coast of Patagonia in 348 fathoms mud; bottom tem- perature 50° F, This species had previously been obtained only from the Florida reefs and in the Antiliean region in deep water. The discovery of it at the present locality not only carries it southward to the Straits of Ma- gellan but to the western coast of South America, where this genus has not hitherto been known, either as recent or fossil. Class PELECYPODA. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. ™~ The attempt to divide the class Pelecypoda or Lamellibranchiata iuto orders has so far been unsuccessful, or, at least, the subdivisions adopted have from time to time been found unsatisfactory ou account of the discovery of forms which combine in their organization characters which had previously been regarded as diagnostic of important subdi- Visions, such as orders. This has resulted from the selection of characters as diagnostic which are not really fundamental in the evolutionary history of the minor rm ea ar re em te at ver =u: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233 groups. As we gradually become acquainted with the mutability of the adductor muscles, the gills, the arrangements for retracting the siphous and other factors in the mechanics of these organisms, the classification based upon their mutations has gradually ceased to satisfy students, though one phase or another of it may still retain a place in ordinary text-books. To cite a few examples: It will be remembered that the most persistent of the early systems for classifying these animals was based on the number of adductor muscles or the scars upon the shell by which they might be traced. At first the groups of Monomyarians, or forms with one adductor like the oyster, and Dimyarians with two adduetors, like the ordinary edible clam, seemed sufficiently well distinguished. Later when transitional forms like the mussel and its allies were carefully studied, a new group, Heteromyaria, was erected for those which would not fit into either of the others. But when it is considered that there are forms like Dimya, in which with a monomyarian organization two distinct adductors are found, one at each end of the shell; that in Chlamydoconcha we have a specially modified aninal with no adductors at all; that in Mulleria we have the young (not larval) animal typically dimyarian yet becoming in its adult stage as typically monomyarian in its muscular apparatus as an oyster; then it is sufficiently evident that better and more fundamental diag- nostic characters should be found or the so-called orders given up. Again, an attempt has been made to use the characters of one of the most mutable parts of the whole organism, namely the gill, as a basis for primary divisions of the group. I have shown elsewhere, I venture to think conclusively, that this selection is ill-advised and can not suc- cessfully solve the problem. The simplicity or sinuation of the pallial line has been regarded as a character of high importance and has heen used as diagnostie of divis- jons of primary importance. I have recently shown that, in certain groups, long siphons may exist with a simple pallial line, as in Cuspi- daria; that in species without long siphons, members of the same fam- ily Poromyide, and perhaps of the same genus, may show a simple or a strongly sinuated pallial line according to the modifications of certain muscular elements which certainly can not be claimed to have any high systematic importance. The question is further complicated by the fact that certain characters which in general are indicative of very early evolutionary divergencies, may be simulated or assumed as very modern special modifications brought about in animals of diverse groups by natural selection under the influence of special circumstances. Species thus modified will very naturally be classed with those who bear the same or similar characters as the early result of very ancient ancestral divergencies, and, as a consequence, other characters not harmonizing, the systems are thrown into confusion. These are the difficulties among which the sum total 234 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. of the organic characters must be our guide in attempting to decide. Only too often we may find, as knowledge increases, that our first judg- ment was more or less in error. In reflecting upon the origin of the complicated mechanical arrange- ments in bivalves which we call the hinge, | have come to the conclu. sion that here, asin the cases of the mammalian foot and tooth, elabo- rated so clearly by Cope and Ryder, we have the result of influences of a mechanical nature operating upon an organ or apparatus in the pro- cess of development. The hinge of a bivalve, reduced to its ultimate terms, consists of two more or less rigid edges of shell united by a flexible membrane or ligament. The ligament may be wholly external or may be supplemented by an internal addendum (called the cartilage), which exerts a stress in the same direction, within certain limits. The movements of the hinge are dependent upon the elasticity of the ligament and cartilage and upon force exerted by one or more adductor muscles connecting the valves. The rigid edges or cardinal margins of the valves may be simple or modified by the presence of interlocking processes, known as teeth, whose purpose is to regulate the direction of the valves in opening and closing. There are three fundamental types of hinge: (1) The simple edentu- lous margin closing by simple apposition of the edges of the two valves; (2) the hinge in which the teeth are developed in a direction trans- verse to the cardinal margin; and (3) the hinge in which the diree- tion of the teeth is parallel to the margin. The mechanical features of the second and third types may be more or iess combined in a single hinge, but the affinities of the particular form in which this may occur are usually not difficult to determine on a general survey of all its organic characters. Iam disposed to think that the time relations of the different types are those of the order in which I have cited them; the most perfect hinge, morphologically speaking, would be one which should combine the most effective features of the second and thizd types. The architypal form of bivalve may be imagined as small, with nearly equilateral, symmetrical, subcireular valves with edentulous cardinal margin and a short external ligament nearly central between the umbones. This is the character of many larval bivalves at the present day, though it is probable that many of the forms now edentulous in the adult state, have passed through an evolutionary stage in which they had amore or less denticulate hinge margin, while their present condition is one in which the hinge has diminished in complexity, or, in other words, undergone degeneration. Very few of the earliest known bivalves appear to have hinge teeth, though this may be on account of our imperfect knowledge of many of them, since they are often represented by fossils in which no evidence eae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. dao of the hinge structure is discernible. It is highly probable that the evolution of hinge teeth closely followed the differentiation of the Pelecypod class. The first bivalves are all minute, as far as known, when compared with a majority of their descendants. They are usually Dimyarian, as I assume the architype to have been. It is highly probable that they possessed a developed foot and that their gills were either lamelliform on either side of an arterial stem, as in Nucula, Solenomya, and many Gastropods, or filiform, as in Dimya and certain Pectens. The siphons were probably little developed and the lobes of the mantle rather widely separated, or perhaps entirely free. As long as the shell remained small and subglobular the ligament short and wholly internal, the imperfect character of the hinge was of less importance. With the essential difference between the anterior and the posterior halves of the animal, and especially with any material increase in the magnitude of the adult, more or less discrepancy would develop itself between the two ends of the shell, the subglobular form would disappear, and certain other consequences would follow. Hither the ligament must increase with the size of the shell and become longer or its power would become inadequate for the proper performance of its functions. Here I will turn aside for a moment from the direct line of argument to describe the mechanical relations of ligament and shell, a proper understanding’ of which is very necessary to the comprehension of the whole question. With a wholly external ligament the operation of the valves is that of two appendages to the free ends of a C-shaped spring. The action of the muscles in pulling the valves together includes the bringing nearer to each other of the two extremities of the ligament, which the latter by its elasticity resists; consequently the operation of the liga- ment is in the direction of opening the valves to a certain distance. Beyond this distance the separation of the valves tends to compress the ligament, which again resists, and therefore beyond the normal distance of separation the action of the ligament tends to prevent the valves from opening. This very simple matter may be observed by any one who’ will examine an ordinary clam with the ligament in fresh condi- tion and whose adductor muscles have been severed, When the ligament, in harmony with the elongation of the cardinal margin, becomes elongated it must be either straight or angulated. For obvious reasons a ligament forming a curve or the are of a circle is mechanicaily impossible. Thisany one can prove to their own satistac- tion by putting two light wooden saucers edge to edge, convexity out- ward, and attaching a leather or paper ligament by cement. A curved ligament, when the valves open, will tear or break at once either itself . or the edge to which it is fixed. In other words, the axis of motion of the hinge must bea straight line. If any part of the ligament diverges 236 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. from the axial line it must cease to take part in the axial motion and must be capable of stretching to an extent which will neutralize its an- gulation, or it will be broken or torn away. But if the thickness of the ligament increases ventrally, as may be the case, when it is situated be- tween the valves rather than as an arch above them, a certain portion may extend to and beyond the axial plane in a downward direction. The portion thus projecting will then partake of the axial motion in an opposite sense to that portion which remains above the axial line. It will be compressed when the latter is stretched by the closing of the valves and will expand as the opening of the valves allows the external portion to contract. This change may be brought about by a down- ward angulation of one end of the ligament (as in Solenomya) or as a sim- ple downward growth, which may be central as in Neilonella or Galeomma). The former mode may be the result of an angulation of the hinge margin consequent on elongation or ventral extension. Its re- sult is to separate a longitudinal segment of the original ligament, which may be totally detached or remain physically connected, while in either case its mechanical function has undergone a reversal of diree- tion. The second mode likewise removes a segment, but in a vertical di- rection. This segment may be physically continuous throughout its upper portion with the Jower portion of the superjacent ligament. It may be wholly detached, or it may be attached by one extremity while the other is separated. In the last case its direction will be oblique, or at an acute angle with that of the original ligament. This detached segment, whatever its position, has always similar mechanical relations to the movement of the hinge, and is called a cartilage. The separa- tion of the cartilage from the ligament is generally either central or toward the shortest end of the hinge, which is usually the anterior, owing to the fact that when the size of a lamellibranch increases, the siphons, the ovaries, the visceral mass, or the gills are the organs where proportionally increased growth is most likely to occur, and these are usually central or posterior to the umbones. In Solenomya, which is exceptional in having a posterior cartilage, the posterior portion is the shortest. The amount of shifting required to put part of the ligament on ‘the ventral side of the axis of hinge motion, or cardinal axis, is extremely small. All stages of the changes involved may be observed in the Nu- culacea, even to one, not hitherto mentioned, where the cartilage has been developed and has subsequently become obsolete or altogether disappeared (Malletia), while leaving some traces of its former presence in the shape of an empty and degenerate fossette (Pleurodon). It is noteworthy that this suborder, which gives us so many hints as to processes which we may imagine to be of great antiquity, should, on other grounds, be regarded as among the few which best retain traces in the soft parts of archaic stages of development. aera PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. aot With the lengthening and angulation of the cardinal margin the lig- ament gradually shifted to a point where it became posterior to the beaks. Perhaps it would be better to say that the portion in front of the beaks either became segmented off as a cartilage, or became obso- lete and vanished, while the portion on the posterior side gradually elongated, as the elongation of the posterior hinge-margin rendered a longer ligament more useful. It has already been pointed out that a curved ligament would involve stresses leading to its own destruction. The curvature of the cardinal margin, now the common property of a vast majority of bivalves, was inevitable with increase in size and asymmetrical development of the anterior and posterior ends of the body. Consequently, that the ligament should be shifted was a mechanical necessity unless the evolution of the group was to be confined within extremely narrow limits as regards hinge characters. The infolding of the ligament, and the development of a cartilage and its supports, would be especially likely to oceur in forms with a thin edentulous hinge, where the least shifting would be necessary (Soleno- mya, Anatina), rather than in those with a broad, flat hinge margin. In harmony with this proposition, we find the archaic forms, with inter- nal cartilage, have generally a narrow edentulous cardinal border, the exceptions belonging to the more recently specialized types (Mactra, Spondylus), while the groups without an internal cartilage contain the broadest and heaviest types of hinge (Pectunculus, Venerida). The infolding of a cartilage which arose by longitudinal segmenta- tion would leave a line of weakness in the arch of the umbones. In thin shells with strong adductors there would be a tendency to fracture here. This singular feature has been perpetrated in what may be termed the normal umbonal fissure of Solenomya, Periploma, and simi- lar forms. Traces of it are evident in Thracia, while the unfractured suture itselfis visible in Isocardia, Pachyrisma, aud Pecchiolia, In the thin-shelled Cuspidaritide a special buttress is often developed to support the shell at this weak point. In the Jsocardiide an inde- pendent cartilage was possibly never developed, but the infolding of the anterior part of the ligament went far enough to leave permanent traces on the shell. That it did not result in a cartilage, if this was the case, may possibly be due to the fact that, owing to the great size and spiral character of the umbones, the anterior part of the liga- ment was turned up instead of downward, and therefore did not tend to shift toward the interior. If it is not clear how the thickening or vertical extension of the ligament below the cardinal axis should cause its separation iuto two parts, I need only recall the familiar experience of every one in breaking off a wire or piece of tin by bending it back- ward and forward on the line of the desired fracture. The mechanical principles and results in the two cases are precisely similar. When finally developed in the same individual the ligament and carti- lage work in identically the same manner but in different directions, 238 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. The resistance of the ligament to compression prevents any straining of the adductors by a too wide opening of the valves. The same resistance in the cartilage prevents the ventral margins from erushing each other by sudden and violent contractions of the adductors when the animal is alarmed and closes its valves. The nymphe, or processes to which the ligament is attached, and the fossette or socket of the cartilage have been strengthened and regulated by the development of various buttresses and other devices, varying in different groups. The earti- lage in turn has its rigidity and strength increased in many species by the special development of shell substance known as the ossiculum. To return to the development of the cardinal margin. The asymme- try of the shell and ligament, relative to a vertical transverse plane passing through the umbones, would be promoted not only by the nat- ural discrepancies between the anterior and posterior halves of the body, but by the mechanical effect of the projecting umbones. Where a shell opens laterally in the strict sense of the word, unless the beaks are very inconspicuous, or are separated by a wide projection of the cardinal border (as in Arca noe), they will strike against and wear out one an- other. This abnormal or accidental result is very constantly observable in many Anatinida, such as our own Thracia conradi. But it must be a source of weakuess and danger to the animal. If the ligament is shifted posteriorly, the valves must open more obliquely, with the result that this dangerous friction will be avoided in most cases. In a protective armor like the valves of bivalves, other things being equal, it will be obviously beneficial, if not absolutely essential, that it should offer as few weak joints or open spaces as possible. Burrowing animals, who serve themselves of their burrow as a supplementary defense, may be able to perpetuate gaping shells and exposed siphons without serious danger from their enemies. Those animals which bur- row but slightly, or live in material which enemies may also easily pene- trate in their forays, will unquestionably benefit greatly by an accurate and exact closure of the valves. The intrusion of solid bodies can be to some extent guarded against by the action of the cilia or processes of the mantle margin, but such intrusion would be greatly facilitated by any organization of the hinge which would permit an independent rocking motion of the valves with respect to each other. The sudden closing which danger incites leaves no time for clearing out obstructions, and the gap is especially liable to the incursion of gravel, ete., in species which live with the plane of junction of the valves in a vertical direc- tion. Incertain brachiopods, such as Glottidia and Discina, such a semi- rotary motion of the valves exists, but is less dangerous to them since the plane of juncture with them appears to be generally horizontal. To avoid these dangers and to guide the motion of the valves in clos- ing and to prevent their sliding upon one another after closing, nature through natural selection and physical stresses has developed these cardinal processes which are known as teeth. ta eee | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239 Attention has already been called to the fact that there can be but three fundamental types of hinge, which may be called the anodont, prionodont, and orthodont, the latter term being used to indicate the forms in which the cardinal margin has become longitudinally plicate. Actually the pure orthodont type hardly exists; in nearly all forms traces of the prionodont characters are mingled with it. For those forms, in which the archaic anodontism still persists as the characteristic of chief importance, though frequently modified by special mechanical contrivances which to a certain extent mask the type, I have proposed the term Anomalodesmacea. The fossette, cuilleron, or spoon-shaped process for the cartilage is a separate development, serving a special purpose. Though influencing the teeth, if any exist, in its vicinity, it must not be confounded with them. The weakness of the anodont type has left an opening for the specialization and perfection of this process, which, to a considerable extent, in this group, assumes the functions which in groups without a cartilage are the special office of the teeth. For those forms in which transverse plication of the hinge is the chief characteristic, though rarely wholly exclusive of the orthodont influence, I have used the term Prionodesmacea. In some cases what may seem to be the chief features of the hinge as regards size and strength are orthodont, yet these I believe to be comparatively modern specializations illustrating the general tendency of evolutionary proe- esses toward a teleodont hinge. In cases of doubt the sum of the characters will enable us to decide on a proper place for a given genus. It must not be supposed that, because the names suggested by a single set of characters are used to denominate the proposed orders, therefore that set of characters is to be our sole criterion. Such too hasty assump- tions are a relic of the days when the immutability of species was an orthodox dogma in biology, and doom to failure any system founded upon them. For those forms in which the various types of hinge have become harmoniously combined, though in varying proportion contributing to the final mechanism, I have selected the designation of Teleodesmacea. These may be regarded as the highest and evolutionally the most per- fect in type of hinge, though this perfection shows itself in a variety of forms. Prionodont traces remain with most of them, but are never characteristic of the type. _ The three groups I propose to call orders. It is difficult to say whether they can be compared in systematic value with orders in other classes. 526 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. Family NASSID4E. Genus NASSA Lamarck. WNassa scissurata Dall. * Plate v, Hig. 2. Nassa scissurata Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xvi, p. 185, 1889. Shell short, conical, glistening, white, clouded with light brown or buff; whorls stout, well rounded; nucleus of two translucent turns, smooth, or transversely slightly wrinkled; remainder, comprising five or six turns, separated by a deep but not channeled suture; sculpture of (on the last whorl about fourteen) stout, rounded ribs, with wider interspaces, completely crossing the whorls, and fine incremental strive ; spiral sculpture of (on the last whorl about ten) revolving ridges, faint in the interspaces, strongly ovally noduled on the ribs, three rows ° showing on the upper whorls; ribs interlocking at the sutures; aper- ture rounded, with its edge continuous and raised, contracted in front of a stout varix, irate on both sides; a stout tooth on the body and another at the base of. the pillar; a deep groove behind the siphonal fasciole ; canal short, strongly twisted; operculum serrate at the sides. Longitude of shell, 12; of last whorl, 8; of aperture, 5; maximum lati- tude of shell, 7.5™™. Has.—The Antilles and Gulf of Mexico, in 76 to 805 fathoms, rocky bottom; bottom temperature 58°.5 to 65° F. This species is clearly distinguished from N. Hotessieri, which is its nearest relative, by the character of the sutures, which are not chan- neled, by its fewer strongly nodulated ribs, and by the curve of the ribs, which in Hotessiert, as in most ribbed univalves, are convex for- ward on the periphery, and then curve a little backward, while in W. scissurata the curve is in a contrary sense, as is at once evident on com- paring two specimens. The total curve is not great, but quite sufficient to form a marked distinction. This species has the bright waxen luster of a deep-water shell, and probably lives in between 75 and 200 fathoms depth. Its sculpture re- calls that of VN. spinulosa Phil. Nassa Townsendi sp. nov. Plate xu, Fig. 9. Shell small, short, very stout, yellowish white, with six whorls; nu- cleus eroded; transverse sculpture of about sixteen narrow, rounded, low riblets, which extend from suture to suture, but on the last whorl fade away in front of the periphery; the interspaces are nearly twice as wide as the ribs, which in front of the suture have two or three small, prominent nodules coronating the whorls, caused by the intersection of as many spiral threads, which, however, are faint or obsolete in the a ee “= at re Upc i NTE ONE | TERI I ALI RR am rae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. oat interspaces ; incremeptal lines not prominent; spiral sculpture of (in addition to the presutural threads above mentioned) numerous rather faint threads on the base of the last whorl and on the canal; surface somewhat polished with a very thin epidermis; aperture short, wide, with a thin, simple outer lip, perhaps thickened later; no internal lire ; inner lip with a smooth, moderately thick, white callus; canal very short and slightly recurved ; edge of the pillar raised and sharp. Max- imum longitude of sheli (without nuclear whorls), 10; diameter, 6™™. HAB.—Station 2307, near the Galapagos Islands, in 812 fathoms, ooze; temperature 38°.4 F. This species is nearest to N. babylonica Watson, from near the Philip- ine Islands, and like that has a chrysodomoid operculum. It is, how- ever, stouter, with a proportionately shorter spire, compared with the last whorl, and is more inflated. The operculum is also more elongated. This species is named in honor of Mr. ©. H. Townsend, of the U.S. Fish Commission, one of the naturalists connected with the Albatross in her later explorations. Family COLUMBELLID. Genus COLUMBELLA Lamarck. Section ASTYRIS H. & A. Adams, Columbella permodesta sp. nov. Plate v, Fig. 4. Shell small, thin, polished, ‘with five rounded whorls, a pale yellowish epidermis covering a bluish white substratum; transverse sculpture only of faint incremental lines; spiral seulpture of fine spiral threads on the base of the shell, obsolete or absent between the sutures; aperture wide, oval; outer lip thin, simple, very slightly reflected ; axis pervious; eanal wide, extremely short, hardly differentiated; pillar smooth, twisted, not callous ; suture distinet, not appressed or channeled; nu- cleus rounded, slightly flattened, generally eroded. Maximum longi- tude of shell, 14; maximum latitude, 7™™. HAB.—Station 2540, off the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 276 fathoms, mud. The soft parts of this animal are of a greenish white color. The foot is unusually long, narrow, pointed behind, double-edged, truncate, and distinetly auriculate in front. The tentacles are very short, stout, blunt, and stand straight forward with a notch between them rather than laterally from the head; the basal part is swollen outwardly and there are pigmented eyes, but so hidden beneath tie cuticle as to be readily overlooked when the latter is rendered opaque by alcohol. The sides of the foot are smooth, they are marginated below as in Limax, so that the sole is distinctly marked off from the upper surface. The whole animal exudes an abundant mucus. The proboscis is stout, its opening notched below. The gills are rather large, but otherwise 328 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. as usual. The osphradium also presents nothing unusual. The verge is extremely long, slender, nearly cylindrical, situated on the right side a little distance behind the right tentacle; as contracted in aleohol it was about 7™@ in length, tapering gently to a subconical point, without papille or appendages of any sort. The dentition re- sembles that of 0. Hélbollit as figured by Lovén, and the species evidently belongs to the same section of the genus, though with a more buecinoid shell than any of the others. The median tooth is a wide, flat, arcuate, edentulous plate without anything resembling a cusp. The laterals have the usual form and two rather rounded den- ticles near the tip. The operculum recalls that of Nassa, but is rounded at the’ corners with an entire edge, the nuciens within the margin at the smaller end and a lunate ridge of yellowish translucent callus bounding the scar internally. A large number of specimens of this species were taken, living at the locality indicated. All were more or less eroded at the tip and were incrusted with a scaly combination of caleareous matter and iron of a rusty color. Section COLUMBELLA s. s. Columbella mercatoria Lamarck. Collected at the Abrolhos Islands. Section ANACHIS Adams. Columbella Saintpairiana Caillet. Collected at Station 2765, off the Rio de la Plata, in 103 fathoms, sand. Columbella Verrillii Dall. C. ( Astyris?) Verrillit Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xvi, p. 192, Pl. x1x, Fig. 8. Collected at Station 2756, in 391 fathoms, sand, off the Para River, Brazil. Section NITIDELLA Swainson. Columbella moleculina Duclos. Collected at Stations 2764 and 2765, off the Rio de la Plata, in 103 fathoms, sand. Subgenus AESOPUS Gould. Aesopus Metcalfei (Reeve) Dall. Aesopus Metcalfei Dall, op. cit., xvi, p. 194, 1889. Terebra Metcalfei Reeve. Collected at Station 2764, off the Rio de la Plata, in 103 fathoms, sand. It was previously known from Santo Domingo. tet Ry ig re aE Pe ee ee + i vous | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329 Family MURICID A. Subfamily MURICINA. Genus MUREX Linné. Murex (Chicoreus) Leeanus sp. nov. Plate vu, Fig. 1. Shell strong, stout, pale yellowish brown, with three varices to each whorl, and a faint intervarical node between each pair of varices; the varices toward the apex fall slightly short of completing a whole whor}, so that they are slightly spirally arranged; the deficit on the whole shell of six and a half whorls (excluding the nucleus) is about one-quarter of a turn, so that the great varical spines on the spire are not directly over one another; nucleus minute (lost in the specimen); first whorl or two with eight or ten small spiny or scaly nodes; at the third whorl the spines begin to take on the characteristic trialate arrangement; spiral sculpture of rather fine, rounded threads, almost uniformly dis- tributed, slightly coarser in front of the periphery and on the varices, and in front of the suture for a short distance nearly obsolete; the in- terspaces are narrow grooves, with very rarely an intercalary thread; there are also fine microscopic spiral strive; this spiral sculpture, with the qualifications noted, covers the whole shell; transverse seulpture of intervarical nodes obsolete or obscure on the last whorl, growing stronger and sharper toward the apex; apart from the varices the only other sculpture, in a transverse sense, is due to irregularities of growth or faint incremental lines; the varices on the last whorl are slightly elevated, rounded ridges, extending from the suture to the end of the canal; behind the periphery the whorl is flattened; at the periphery or shoulder of the whorl each varix is extended in a strong, stout, single hollow spine, rounded behind, deeply narrowly grooved in front, curv- ing slightly upward and more strongly backward toward its distal end; the aperture is ovate, rounded behind, a little pointed in front, with a thin, raised edge, white or waxen internally and without denticulations; the canal is closed, long, stout, obliquely truncate in front, showing two older termini at the left beside the one in actual use. Maximum longi- tude of shell, 70; maximum latitude, including spines, 63; latitude of aperture, 13.5; iongitude of aperture, 20™™. HAB.—Station 2838, off Cerros Island, Lower California, in 44 fath- oms, mud. : The only species with which this fine Murex need be compared is M. centrifugus Hinds, a member of the same faunal region, which also was collected near Cape St. Lucas, in 12 to 51 fathoms. The specimens of M. centrifugus hitherto collected have not exceeded 35™™" In total length. The most obvious difference between the young of M. Leeanus and M. centrifugus of the same size is seen in the varical processes. In M. Leeanus a section of these processes at any age is oval, with a 330 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. . deep groove on the anterior side which is widest internally, since the lips of the groove fold over one another in most cases, so that the proe- esses contain a permanent subtubular gutter. In M. centrifugus the varical spines are triangular in section, the anterior margins do not ap- proach one another, and a shallow median suleus on the front of the spine is the only representative of the groove of M. Leeanus. Below the main spine on each varix in M. centrifugus are three smaller flat Spines; on M. Leeanus the varix is rounded and without spines. The intervarical node in M. Leeanus is obsolete or obscure and rounded ; in M. centrifugus it is much more prominent in proportion and forms an oblique rather narrow rib with a kind of elbow at the periphery. The most prominent character of MM. Leeanus is the rounded, root-like, sleek variceal spine. It is named in honor of Prof. Leslie A. Lee, of Bowdoin College, in charge of the scientific work of the Albatross party during the voyage. The specimen was a female. The foot is auriculate and double edged in front, short, rounded behind, with nearly smooth sides. The eyes are small, the basal two-thirds of the tentacles behind the eyes is stout and thick, the distal part beyond the eyes much more slender. The dentition is typically muricoid, the radula small and narrow, the central*tooth very wide, very short, and with three inconspicuous den- ticles on its cusp. The soft parts hardly differ externally from those of Murex brandaris L. Subgenus PTERONOTUS Swainson. Pteronotus phaneus Dall. Plate x1, Fig. 1. Pteronotus phaneus Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp Zo6l., xvii1, p. 201, June, 1889. Shell ashy white, elorgated, thin, six-whorled. Nucleus translucent, smooth, polished, of about one and a half whorls; whorls slightly con- vex, appressed to the suture behind them, connected by three continu- ous fin-like varices which in descending the spire make about half a revolution around it; these varices on the upper whorls were extended backward into a little wing-like point with dentate edges; on the last whorl the lines of growth indicate that the thin margin was rounded parallel with the whorl. Transverse seulpture of fine growth lines, and on the last two whorls at the periphery three short little narrow pinched-up riblets between the varices; spiral sculpture of fine rather faint strive and wider undulations, hardly visible except on the varices ; of these there are nine or ten on the last varix. Aperture elongate- oval, internally white, thickened, smooth; canal rather long, open, bent back. Maximum longitude of shell, 17; of last whorl, 13.5; of aperture, 5; maximum latitude of aperture, 3; of shell, 8™™. HAB.—U. 8S. Fish Commission Station 2662, off St. Augustine, Flor- ida, in 43£ fathoms, sand; temperature 43°.7 F.; also at Station 2668, in 294 fathoms. é “ ae ake sels py : : t i i aera | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 331 This species agrees more nearly with the Indo-Pacific species by having three intervarical ribs, while the Atlantic species hitherto known have only one. I[tis, however, more nearly related to P. tristichus Dall than to any hitherto described, as far as I have been able to ascer- tain. The body of the shell is not unlike that of P. cordismet Watson, figured in the Challenger report, but the present species has none of the semitubular spines which give the Australian shell the look of a Typhis. A variety almost wants the intervarical ribs and has the fin- like point of the varices present on all of them. It is probable that there is a good deal of variation in these small details. Genus BUPLEURA H. & A. Adams. Eupleura Stimpsoni Dall. Plate x1, Fig. 3. Eupleura Stimpsoni Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Xvi, p. 204, June, 1889. Shell small, thin, whitish, not polished, with four varices to the whorl and five whorls ; nucleus smooth, white; spiral sculpture of extremely fine-faint striz and of (on the last whorl) five low keels, most prominent on the back of the varices. The posterior keel is produced at the shoulder as a spine, which.on the front side of the varix looks as if if were holding up the webbing of the varix as a tent-pole holds a tent; the other keels are répresented on the front of the varix only by shal- low grooves. The transverse sculpture is composed of well-marked in- cremental lines; above the spine on the last whorl the web of the varix extends to the fifth preceding varix; below the spine it follows the outline of the aperture nearly, and terminates midway down the canal ; the margin is even except at the spine and the ends of the grooves ; aperture rounded, continuously marginate except at the open narrow canal; there are four teeth inside the outer lip in front of the spine, and * three near the front of the inner lip; the canal is slightly recurved, the end of the antecedent canal projecting from it at the left; suture well marked. Maximum: longitude of shell, 12; of last whorl, 9; of aperture, 3; of canal, 4; maximum latitude of aperture, 2.2; of the varix at the spine, 2.8; of the shell, 7™™. HAB.—Near: Barbados, in about 100 fathoms; dredged alive, but the soft parts were lost before the specimens were received. Subfamily PURPURINZ. Genus PURPURA Bruguiére. Purpura deltoidea Gmelin. Purpura hemastoma L. var. trinidadensis Guppy. The above were collected at the Abrolhos Islands, on the southeast coast of Brazil. a REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA——DALL. Subfamily CORALLIOPHILINZ. Genus CORALLIOPHILA Adams. Coralliophila abbreviata Lamarck. Collected at the Abrolhos Islands. It is frequently called C. galea Chemnitz, but that author did not use the Linnean nomenclature. Suborder STREPTODONTA. Superfamily PTHNOGLOSSA, Family SCALID A. Genus SCALA (Humphrey) Auct. Section AQRILLA A. Adams. Scala pompholy=x sp. nov. Shell thin, conical, inflated, white, with a pale yellow epidermis, smooth, polished, glassy nucleus, and nine or more whorls; spiral sculpture of fine numerous close-set rounded threads, with narrower interspaces, covering the whole surface, and a single stouter thread mar- ginating the base, on which the suture runs; transverse sculpture of rather irregular rounded wrinkles following the incremental lines when present, but often absent, to some extent reticulating the stronger spirals; also of extremely thin, hardly raised, varical lamellae, about 32 on the last whorl; these are a little more elevated in the vicinity of the suture and a little fainter on the base; suture distinct, not deep; base imperforate; aperture subcireular, a little angulated below. Maximum longitude of shell, 14; of last whorl, 8; maximum diameter, 7.6™™, Has.—Station 2807, near Galapagos Islands, in 812 fathoms, ooze; temperature, 38°.4 F. This species is remarkable for its faint reticulated sculpture, its thin and inflated whorls, and its rapid increase in diameter. I do not find any closely related species to compare it with. Scala babylonia Dall. Plate x1, Fig. 8. Scala babylonia Dall, ep. cit., p. 311, June, 1889. Shell thin, white, elongate, with fifteen rounded whorls (nucleus lost), each ornamented with about twenty-five thin sharp varices, each of which has a small triangular sharp point half-way from the suture to the periphery ; behind these the interspaces are smooth to the suture; in front of the varical points the surface is sculptured with raised flat- topped threads with wider intervals between them and numerous still finer spiral strive ; the spiral sculpture does not crenulate the varices; shell imperforate, without basal disk or cordon; aperture small; lip thin, narrow, hardly reflected, tortuous, and a little patulous at the anterior eae rt VOL. XU, 1889. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 333 end of the axis; suture very deep. Longitude, 30; maximum latitude, 6.5mm, HAB.—Station 2678, off Cape Fear, in 731 fathoms, light gray ooze; bottom temperature, 38°.7 F. The specimen procured was fresh, but without the soft parts. ‘This beautiful species somewhat resembles Verrili’s figure of S. Dalliana, but is longer, much more cylindrical, and has strong spiral sculpture which is wanting in that species. The upper fourth of S. babylonia, which would about correspond in size to S. Dalliana, has the cost more sparse, thin and erect, the whorls much rounder, and the suture much deeper than in that species. None of the other species described trom deep water are much like it. Scala denticulata Sowerby. | Collected at Station 2762, east from Rio Janeiro, in 59 fathoms, mud. Genus ACLIS Loven. Aclis nucleata Dali. Aclis nucleata Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xvi, p. 325, Pl. xvi, Fig. 7, June, 1889. Sia First collected by the Blake at St. Vincent, West Indies; then by the U.S. Fish Commission, in 294 fathems, off Fernandina, Florida. The Albatross still further extends the list of localities by adding Station 2750, off the island of St. Bartholomew, in 496 fathoms, sand ; tempera- ture 44°.4 F. This last specimen is the finest yet found, and measures 17'"™ long by 4,5™ in maximum diameter. Genus PERISTICHIA Dall. Peristichia Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Xvi, p. 339, 1889. Shell elongated, acute, many-whorled, dextral, with a small, sinistral nucleus, spirally or reticulately sculptured ; aperture ovate, lips thick- ened; columella straight, simple, without plaits, a basal cord eutering the aperture on the body between the pillar and the outer lip; aperture anteriorly a little effuse, but not channeled in front of the pillar; outer lip varicoid in the adult, internally with a few very strong lire; solt parts? Type, Peristichia toreta Dall. This genus has the spire, sculpture, and nucleus of Mathilda; the basal cord is like that of Oscilla nivea; the outer lip, though less patu- lous and more varicose, has something about it which recalls Lissotna, It is like an Oscilla without columellar plaits, or like a Mathilda with a thickened and internally lirate peritreme and rounded base. As far as one may judge from the characters of the shell alone, this genus would indicate the passage between Mathilda and Oscilla. aoA* REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. Peristichia toreta Dall. Plate x1, Fig. 10. Peristichia toreta Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., xv, p. 340, June, 1889. Shell slender, yellowish white, thirteen-whorled; nucleus minute, glassy, set on edge, having about two turbinate whorls; spire with the suture distinct, marked by a plain or slightly undulate thread behind’ it; behind this is a strong nodulated spiral, with round nodules, then a little interval and two more, slightly smaller, similar nodulous spirals, adjagent to each other and to the suture behind them; the last whorl would show about thirty-four nodules in its circuit; transverse sculp- ture of elevated ridges, visible in the interspaces following the line of the nodules across the whorl; on the rounded base they appear as strong radii; base with one strong cord, with a deep suleus outside of it, and the space between it and the pillar somewhat excavated; aperture ovate; pillar straight, forming almost a right-angle with the hip in front of it; outer lip with three strong internal lire; body with the basal cord projecting, slightly covered with enamel; outer lip swollen, vari- cose, and whiter than the rest of the shell, its margin undulated by the external sculpture; callus joining the piilar and outer lips distinet and continuous. Maximum longitude of shell, 10.75; of last whorl, 3; max- imum latitude of shell, 3™™. HapB.—Coast of North Carolina, at U.S. Fish Commission Stations 2607, 2608, in 18 to 22 fathoms, sand, 16 miles off Cape Lookout; bottom temperature 73° to 78° F. Charlotte Harbor, West Florida, in 2 fath- oms, weedy bottom; Dall. Key West, between tides ; H. Hemphill. This is an extremely elegant shell, in which the relative strength of the transverse and the spiral sculpture varies somewhat in different individuals. The sides of the spire are straight, but the whorls are distinctly marked. The color in very fresh specimens is a’ milky white, more or less clouded with pale yellowish brown on tbe base or sides. Superfamily TACNIOGLOSSA. Family TRITONITIDE. Genus TRITONIUM Link. Subgenus RANULARIA Schumacher. Ranularia tuberosa Lamarck. Collected off the Rio de la Plata, in 103 fathoms, sandy bottom. Family OOCORITID ®. Genus OOCORYS Fischer. Oscorys sulcata Fischer. Ovcorys sulcata Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., Xvi, p. 228, 1889. Collected at Station 2751, south of St. Kitt’s, West Indies, in 687 fathoms, ooze; temperature, 39°.9 F. a ri en A RN tt te Gk “ly te la ance tials yy Gee yl PROCEEDINGS. OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 330 Family TRIFORID 2. Genus TRIFORIS Deshayes. Section MASTONIA Hinds. Triforis pulchella C. B. Adams. Collected at Station 2758, 90 miles southeast from Cape San Roque, Brazil, in 20 fathoms, shelly bottom. Family CERITHIID A. Genus CBRITHIUM Bruguitre. Cerithium semiferrugineum Lamarck. This species, which ranges throughout the Antilles and as far north as St. Augustine, Florida, was collected at Port Castries, Santa Lucia, and at Station 2758, off the Brazilian coast, in 20 fathoms. Family SEGUENZiID 2. Genus SHGUENZIA Jettreys. Seguenzia monocingulata Seguenza. Collected at Stations 2751, 2756, and 2760, in 391 to 1,019 fathoms, mud and ooze; temperatures 379.9 to 40°.4 I. The southernmost station is 90 miles north from Ceara, Brazil, in south latitude 12° 07 and west longitude 37° 17’. Seguenzia trispinosa Watson. Collected at Station 2754, in 880 fathoms, ooze, east from Tobago, and at Stations 2751 and 2760, with the preceding species. Family VERMETID A. Genus VERMETUS Morch. Subgenus PETALOCONCHUS Lea. Petaloconchus irregularis Orbigny. Abundant at the Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Family LITORINID. Genus LITORINA Ferussac. Section MELARAPHE Muhlfeldt. Litorina angulifera Lamarck. Abundant and large, and rather pale colored, at the Abrolhos Islands. Of the two series of color markings those connected with the spiral strive were the least conspicuous. 336 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. Family LITIOPID&. Genus ALABA A. Adams. Alaba conoidea Dall. Alaba conoidea Dall, List of Marine Mollusks, ete., Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 146, 1839. Shell small, conical, subtranslucent white, with six whorls; apex rather blunt; nucleus not differentiated ; whorls polished, sculptured only with obscure incremental lines, suture distinct, a little channeled ; sides of the spire flattened, the whoils hardiy rounded ; the base almost carinate or bluntly rounded; aperture lozenge shaped, angulated ac the end of the carina, pointed bluntly in front and behind; body and pillar somewhat callous; operculum normal; the shell has but one or two not very conspicuous varices, all on the last whorl. Maximum longitude 3.3; diameter 1.6™™. . HaB.—Station 2595 and 2596, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 49 to 63 fathoms, sand; Station 2612, in 52 fathoms, sand, off Cape Lookout, North Carolina; and Station 2668, in 294 fathoms, gravel, off Fernandina, Florida; and by Dr. W. H. Rush, of U. 8. 8. Blake, on the Campeche Bank, in 200 fathoms ; temperatures 46° to 75° I’. Family SOLARIID Ai Genus SOLARIUM Lamarck. Solarium bisulcatum Orbigny. Collected at Station 2762, east from Rio Janeiro, in 59 fathoms, mud. It extends northward to the archibenthal area off Martha’s Vineyard, where the young was described by Professor Verrill under the name of S. boreale. Family RISSOID®. Genus BENTHONELLA Dall. Hela Jeffreys, 1870 (ex parte) not of Miinster, 1830. Benthonella Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xviw, p. 281, June, 1889. In the fifth volume of his British Conchology (p. 204, pl. 101, f. 7, 1869), Dr. Jeffreys described a Lacuna tenella dredged by Drs. Carpenter and Thomson, in the North Atlantic, at a depth of 180 to 650 fathoms. The types are in the Jeffreys’ collection now in the U. 8S. National Museum. In July, 1870, in the “Annals and Magazine of Natural History,” he proposed a genus Hela for these shells, which he still retained in the vicinity of Lacuna. The name Hela, however, had been preoccupied in Crustacea for many years. In the proceedings ofthe Zoological Society for 1883 (p. 110), he referred his genus to Cithna, a subgenus of Fossarus, proposed by Arthur Adams (P. Z. S., 1863, p. 110). An ex- — amination of three species of Cithna, sent by Mr. Adams to Dr. Jeffreys, Tea al PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sot convinces me that Cithna Adams, is not a member of the family Lacu- nide nor allied to Fossarus, neither is the Japanese genus the same as the Hela of Jeffreys. Indeed, Cithna Adams, with its small pointed apex and continuous peritreme does not offer any very good characters which might separate it from Cingula or Littorinella. Owing to the fact that several of Dr. Jeffreys’ species of Hela or Cithna are probably Vitri- nelle, I did not at first recognize that the shells which I called Bentho- nella were of the same genus as those first named Hela, by Jeffreys. Atter the Blake Report was in type it suddenly occurred to me that it was remarkable that Hela did not appear in the dredgings of the Fish Commission, or the Blake. A re-examination of Dr. Jeffreys’ material revealed the fact that his original type, and also the Cithna margari- tifera of Watson should be referred to Benthonella. This genus I regard as a thin-shelled deepwater member of the Rissoida, with a blunt apex, turbinate brownish nuclear shell and a thin paucispiral operculum. The umbilicus is always small, bounded by a more or less evident ridge or angle at the base, the shell is always thin and polished, the aperture simple and sharp-edged, the peritreme interrupted by the body whorl, and the pillar lip arcuated or passing insensibly into the rounded base. The operculum is like that of Jithoglyphus, as figured by H. & A. Adams, thin, translucent horn color, without any process internally. The epi- .dermis, if any exists, is so thin and close as to seem absent. The spe- cies which may be referred to Benthonella are, B. tenella (Jeftreys), B. margaritifera (Watson), B. gaza, B. Fischeri, and Bb. nisonis Dail. A shell named tenella, by Jeffreys, from the Zanclean formation of Cala- bria, is not Hela tenella Jeffreys, but is possibly a Benthonella. The only specimen in the Jeffreys collection is somewhat abnormal. A specimen marked Hela inflata Monterosato, seems to be a Vitrinella ; it was dredged by Nares, in the Mediterranean, in 200 fathoms. H. fulva Jeffreys, from Korea (St. John), is not a Benthonella. Cithna Adamsi, cincta, carinata, and naticiformis of Jeffreys (P. Z. S., 1883, pp. 111-112, pl. xx) do not belong to Benthonella nor to the original Cithna of Adams. They resemble Vitrinella as much as anything e'se. A careful scrutiny of the specimens in the Jeffreys collection shows that B. tenella was collected by the Porcupine in 1869 at stations 4, 25, 23a, 36, 39, 40, and 41; in 1870 at stations 16, 17, 51, 54, and 50. It was also dredged in the Mediterranean by Spratt and Nares in 96 to 600 fathoms. B. margaritifera (which is very like B. Fischeri, but ‘ribbed transversely) was obtained by the Porcupine in 1870 at stations 16, 17, 17a, and 22; also in Setubal Bay and off Cape Espichel. Tne three West Atlantic forms seem uniformly larger than those from the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic. All the species are closely related and differ in details of form, size, and proportion rather than by more salient characters. The dried animal remains in one of the specimens of B. margaritifera together with the operculum, and I hope later to examine the dentition of it. Proc. N. M. 89 22 338 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. Benthonella gaza Dail. Plate x1, Fig. 5. Benthonella gaza Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., Xv, p. 282, June, 1889. Shell elongated, glistening opaque white, extremely thin, with two and a half larval and five later whorls. Nucleus trochiform, brown, polished, with a single carina above the periphery; other whorls full, rounded, the earlier ones marked with a few faint flexuous transverse waves, the rest with only lines of growth. The whorls are full and rounded, the suture distinct ; base full, rounded, with a small umbilicus, in front of which is reflected the thin inner lip; aperture rounded, lip slightly reflected, not thickened. Longitude of shell, 8; of last whorl, 4; maximum latitude of shell, 4"™. Hazs.—Station 2352, west of Cuba, in 463 fathoms, coral; also at Sta- tion 2394, between the delta of the Mississippi and Cedar Keys, Florida, in 420 fathoms, mud; temperature 419.8; Station 2751, south of St. Kitts, West Indies, in 687 fathoms, ooze; temperature 39°.9 F. Station 2754, in 880 fathoms, ooze, east from Tobago; temperature 379.9; and Station 2760, 90 miles north from Ceara, Brazil, in 1,019 fathoms, broken coral; temperature 39°.4 F. This species may be regarded as the type.- Its polished white rounded simple whorls and brown tip present an elegant appearance. Family ADEORBID.1? Genus ADEORBIS Wood. Adeorbis sincera sp. nov. Plate xu, Fig. 2 Shell small, depressed, white, with a deep olive epidermis, four- whorled; nucleus not differentiated, smooth, regular; surface of shell polished, sculptured only by incremental lines; whorls full and regu- larly descending; after the first whorl nearly all specimens have a flat- tened area in front of the suture, strongest in the apical whorls, where it is usually bounded in front by a sharp cariua or angle on the whorl; this decreases and is nearly obsolete on the last whorl; in the same way the umbilicus is generally bounded by a well-marked angle which is visible even on the margin of the aperture, and is less prominent on the adult than in the young; other specimens have the whorls evenly rounded; umbilicus wide; aperture complete, continuous, nearly cir- cular, except at the upper end of the outer lip where it joins the body, where there is a slight angle; young and strongly carinate specimens Show angles in the margin ee to the carina. Maximum diameter, 3.25; minimum diameter, 2.5; altitude, 2.6™™, Hire“ Station : 2668, off Fernandina, Florida, in 294 fathoms, shelly bottom ; and Station 2756, off the Para River, Brazil, in 391 fathoms, sand; temperature 409.4 to 469.3 I. Meal PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Jou ‘This shell is very like Valvata sincera, though smaller and of an olivaceous brown when perfect. The aperture is sometimes slightly thickened inside, so it may prove to be a Mélleria. Ihave not seen the operculum and the generic reference is merely provisional. IT regard the genus Adeorbis-as closely related to Skenea, with which it may possibly be necessary to unite it. But though the type is Rissoid, doubtless numerous species belonging to the Cyclostrematide or other Trochoid groups may have been referred to it in the absence of the soft parts. Family CALYPTRAID A. Genus MITRULARIA Schumacher, Mitrularia equestris Linné. Collected at the Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Genus CREPIDULA Lamarck. Crepidula (Sandalium) aculeata Gmelin, Collected at Station 2762, east of Rio Janeiro, in 59 fathoms; Sta- tions 2764 and 2765, in 10 to 12 fathoms, off the Rio de la Plata. Family CAPULID. Genus CAPULUS Montfort. Capulus incurvatus Gmelin. Collected at the Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Family AMALTHEID A. Genus AMALTHEA Schumacher. Amalthea effodiens Carpenter. Collected at Station 2758, 90 miles southeast from Cape San Roque, Brazil, in 20 fathoms, gravel. Amalthea antiquata Linné. Amalthea costellata Carpenter. The preceding two species were found at the Abrolhos Islands, near Porto Allegre, North Brazil. Family NATICID. Genus NATICA Lamarck. Natica canrena Lamarck. Collected at Station 2762, east from Rio Janeiro, in 59 fathoms, mud, and Station 2765, off the Kio de la Plata, in 105 fathoms ; temperature 579.1 F. 340 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA——DALL, Natica maroccana Dillwyn. Obtained at Station 2751, in 687 fathoms, ooze¢, south of St. Kitts, West Indies. Probably adventitious from shallower water. Subgenus LUNATIA Gray. Lunatia fringilla Dall. Natica fringilla Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., rx, p. 95, September, 1881. Lunatia fringilla Dall, op. cit., XVI, p. 295, Pl. xx1, Fig. 12, 1889. Collected at Station 2754, east of Tobago, in 880 fathoms, ooze, and Station 2756, off the Para River, Brazil, in 391 fathoms, sand; tempera- tures 37°.9 and 40°.4 F. Superfamily DOCOGLOSSA. Family ACMBID 2. Genus ACMZG4 Eschscholtz. Acmza melanoleuca Gmelin. Collected abundantly at the Abrolhos Islands, near Porto Allegre, North Brazil. It extends northward to Florida. Superfamily RHIPIDOGLOSSA. Family COCCULINID&. Genus COCCULINA Dall. Cocculina Beanii Dall. Collected at Station 2754, east from Tobago, in 880 fathoms, ooze; temperature 379.9 I. Tectura adunca Jettreys, as far as one can tell from an examination of the shell alone, is a synonym of this species. Cocculina pocillum sp. nov. Shell small, stout, short, high, arched in front, bluish white, with a dark-brown epidermis; ends evenly rounded, sides nearly straight on the margin; sculpture of numerous larger obscure radii, each pair with about three finer intercalary ones, shghtly scalloped by the very fine slightly raised incremental lines; over all where the surface 1s perfect is a fine, dust like, nicroscopic granulation; margin entire; apex pro- jecting backward, decurved in the posterior third of the length; the summit arched slightly above it; interior bluish white, polished ; maxi- mum longitude, 5.5; latitude, 3.7; altitude, 3.5; apex in front of hinder margin, 1.5™™. Has.—With the preceding species. This species is not much like any of those previously described. Two male specimens were taken, each with a well marked verge extending from the right tentacle. It has no posterior epipodial filaments, and therefore should be placed in the section or subgenus Coccopygia. rece PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 341 Family TURBINID A. Genus ASTRALIUM Link. Astralium americanum Gmelin. Collected at the Abrolhos Islands, Brazil, and extending thence northward to Florida. Family TROCHID. Genus OMPHALIUS Philippi. Omphalius fasciatus Born. (yar.) Collected at the Abrolhos Islands. Genus CANTHARIDUS Montfort. Subgenus HALISTYLUS Dall. Shell small, cylindrical, holostomate, polychromatic; operculum multi- spiral, coriaceous ; dental formula =-;;;; ; type, H. columna Dall. This group differs from Leiopyrga in its holostomate aperture and absence of spiral sculpture. Halistylus columna sp. nov. Plate 1x, Fig. 7. Shell small, subeylindrical, blunt-tipped, polished; yellow, brown, salmon-colored, bluish gray, or streaked or banded with these colors; seven whorled; apex flattish; nucleus not differentiated, small; whorls, after the second, nearly equal in diameter; suture much appressed, the whorl somewhat constricted in front of it; sculpture only of faint inere- mental fines; base rounded; aperture rounded ovate, slightly oblique ; outer lip continuous with the pillar, which is raised, arched in harmony with the lip, but not reflected; no umbilicus; lip simple, hardly thick- ened; a little callus on the body and in the posterior angle between the lip and body; throat simple, very slightly pearly ; operculum circular, externally shaggy, with many whorls; animal with long slender tenta- cles; the eyes black, on separate rather long peduncles ; epipodial line indicated by four or six short stout papille; foot short and broad; muzzle rather large and long, alittle indented in the middle line; me- dian and admedian teeth simple, with narrow straight stems, and simple, wide, mushroom-like cusps; uncini numerous, filiform ; admedian teeth four, the outer ones the larger; stems and bases of the middle part of the radula so small and thin as to be difficult to distinguish ; maximum longitude of shell, 5.8; maximum latitude, 1.9; longitude of aperture, ” rae HAB.—Station 2762, off Rio Janeiro, in 59 fathoms, mud; temperature 57° F.; Stations 2764 and 2765, off the Rio de la Plata, in 10 to 12 fath- oms, sand. 342 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. This singular little shell appears to be the only representative on the shores of America of the Australasian Bankivia. The tentacles did not appear ciliated, nor could I observe any cephalic lappets between them. The difficulties of observation, however, are so great with so minute an object that their absence can not be dogmatically affirmed merely from an examination of alcoholic specimens. Genus GAZA Watson. Gaza Watson, Jour. Linn. Soc., xt1v, p. 601, 1879; Challenger Gastr., p.93, 1885. Type G. dedala Watson. Gaza Rathbuni Dall. Plate vu, Fig. 4: Gaza Rathbuni Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., xviu, p. 354, June, 1889. This species differs from its nearest ally among those already known (@. superba Dall) by being more depressed, with stronger spiral grooving, a slightly smaller umbilicus, and more flattened over the sutures. The single specimen obtained has not yet formed the reflected lip and callus over the umbilicus. Maximum altitude of shell, 24; maximum lati- tude, 38™™. Operculum of about seven whorls, thin and polished, slightly cen- trally concave, with a narrow thinner band marginating the coil. It has a maximum diameter of 16™™. HAB.—Station 2818, near the Galapagos Islands, in 392 fathoms, sand ; bottom temperature 44° F. As the specimen of this fine species is not quite mature it has been figured in a position which will enable it to be compared with G. superba and other species of the genus. The soft parts recall those of G. superba Dall, but the muzzle seems shorter and there are seven slender, rather long epipodial filaments on the right side, instead of five as in @. superba. The intestine is crammed with foraminifera. The pointed tail-end of the foot, in the contracted animal, is turned directly down and in, so that the angles of the fold stand out and at first give the impression that the foot is bifid, behind. Subgenus CALLOGAZA Dall. Callogaza Watsoni Dall. C. Watsoni Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., rx, p.50, 1881; xvi, p. 356; Pl. xxu, Figs. 7, 7a, 1889. Has.—Autilles, between Florida Strait and Barbados, in 84 to 640 fathoms, Blake expedition. Station 2756, in 391 fathoms, sand, off the Para River, Brazil; temperature 40°.4 F. This extends the known range southward about 1,000 miles. tay ea | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343 Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson. Calliostoma platinum sp. nov. Plate vil, Fig. 2. Shell large, thin, polished, iridescent white, with seven whorls beside the nucleus; nucleus minute, lost; subsequent whorls slightly flattened behind the periphery, full and rounded on the base; longitudinal seulp- ture of obscure spiral lines behind the periphery and somewhat stronger flattish threads, separated by shallow grooves, on the base; at the periphery is a single prominent thread, in mediately in front of which is the suture, the succeeding whorl being appressed against the thread ; the single specimen obtained has a second prominent thread about two miliimeters behind the peripheral one on the last whorl, but it is prob- able that the development of this thread was stimulated by an injury of which traces are plainly visible just before the second thread begins ; base full and rounded; aperture rounded quadrate ; the outer lip thin and sharp, its plane oblique and slightly flexuous; body with a very faint wash of callus; pillar slender, pearly, slightly arched, very little reflected, siniple; interior polished, iridescent, without lire; the exter- nal sculpture faintly perceptible owing to the tenuity of the shell. Maximum longitude of shell, 32; maximum latitude, 29"™™. Hap.—Station 2839, near the Santa Barbara Islands, California, in 414 fathoms, sand; with Turcicula Bairdii. The operculum of this species has about fourteen very narrow whorls, is polished internally and somewhat rough externally from the project- ing margin of the coils. It bears about the same proportion to the aperture as in the shallow water species. The shell itself is less at- tractive than most of the group, but indicates that some individuals of the species may have a delicate pale iridescence. The exterior of this specimen. shows little pearliness and is chiefly of a somewhat livid white, like the eye of a boiled fish. The soft parts are whitish; the head and the sides of the foot below the epipodial line are profusely granulose; among the granules rise pointed larger papille, also very granulose, so as to appear almost arborescent. The epipodial line projects moderately, with a finely fringed edge. There are two moderate-sized filaments in front of the operculum and two smaller ones beneath it. The foot is long, rather narrow, double-edged, and somewhat auriculate in front, with a wide transversely rugose median channel behind the operculum about the tail. The oral surface is granulous, the corners are a little produced. The tentacles are long and slender, the eyes very large and black. There are no palmettes. The gill resembles that of Turcicula, but is less triangularas a whole. The mantle margin is finely papillose. The jaws are small and not remarkable. The dentition was not examined. 344 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—DALL. Calliostoma teniatum Wood. Trochus teniatus Weod, Ind. Test. Suppl., Pl. v, Fig. 12, 1828; Phil. Mon., Trochide, Pp. 251, t. ov, Hip. 12: Trochus bicolor Lesson; Voy. Coq., p. 345, t. 16, f. 3. Has.—Falkland Islands (Philippi). Station 2770, in 58 fathoms, sand, off Spring Bay, east coast of Patagonia, and also at Station 2771, off Point Gallegos, in 50 fathoms, sand; temperature 49°.4 I. This species is referred to Photinula by H. & A. Adams, but appears to be simply a smooth Calliostoma. There is no umbilical callus as in Photinula cerulescens, which was also obtained by the Albatross at Sta- tions 2770 and 2771. Calliostoma Coppingeri Smith. Plate xu, Fig. 4. Trochus (Ziziphinus) Coppingeri BE. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, Vol. vi, No. 34, p. 320, Oct., 1880. Shell glistening, small, flattened: at the periphery, seven-whorled ; color pale waxen white, with pinkish nacre; the exterior on the spiral sculpture more or less articulated, with elongated brown spots; these are sometimes wholly absent, but disappear last on the carinal threads; nucleus white, small, subglobular, polished, not sculptured; early whorls spirally threaded, the two threads next in front of the suture granu- lous; these and all the others become flattened out and obsolete on the last whorl or two of the adult in most cases, but are exceptionally re- tained; the periphery of the whorls is angulated but not keeled; in front of it is another angle on which the suture is laid; the space be- tween is flattened and nearly vertical, becoming more inclined on the last whorl; transverse sculpture of inconspicuous incremental lines, rarely emphasized; base moderately convex; the umbilical region im- pressed and surrounded by three or four coarse, often articulated spiral threads; outer lips thin, sharp, rounding to the columella without no- ticeable interruption; pillar somewhat arched, pearly, rather strong; body with a faint wash of callus; operculum amber-colored, thin, mul- tispiral. Maximum altitude of shell, 10; diameter, 11™™. Hazs.—Stations 2765, 2766, in 10 fathoms, sand, off the Rio de la Plata, and 2768, off Cape Delgado, in 43 fathoms, sand. This shell was at first supposed to be new, but.it is probably the un- figured species described by Mr. Smith from 28 fathoms off the mouth of the Rio de la Plata in latitude 36° 47'S. This species has much such a surface as C. yucatecanum Dall, which, however, is umbilicated. There is a small swelling, hardly a tooth, at the end of the pillar. Its colors look washed out; otherwise they also recall those of C. yucatecanum. There are no lire in the throat. Occa- sional specimens have the spiral sculpture emphasized ; in such cases the flattening of the periphery becomes less prominent. Now and then Meaea 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345 one of these strongly sculptured forms has all the threads behind the periphery undulated or granulous, forming a variety which may be called C. Coppingeri var. cymatum. Calliostoma ridensis sp. nov. Plate x11, Fig, 5. Shell of a waxen color, nearly obscured by clouds, flammules, and articulations of lighter or.deeper flesh coior; whorls eight, somewhat flat- tened above, angulated around the base, spirally granulosely threaded ; apex pointed; nucleus small, white, dextral; spiral sculpture of alter- nately larger and smaller threads, of which at the beginning of the last whorl there are six each between the sutures; the paired thread on which the suture runs and the next primary behind it are distinetly wider than the other primaries; all are set with close rounded granules, which are only moderately prominent; the interspaces are about as wide as the secondary threads; the base has about a dozen rather strong spirals, with subequal interspaces, but no secondary finer threads; trans- verse sculpture only of lines of growth; the whorls and base are only slightly convex; aperture subquadrate, the outer lip sharp; pillar stout, short, a little angulated at its anterior point, pearly, and hardly reflected over the imperforate umbilical region. Maximum altitude of shell, 15; maximum diameter of base, 14". HazB.—Rio Janeiro, on the Encuados Islets, U. S. Exploring Expedi- tion. Albatross Expedition at Station 2762, off Rio, in 59 fathoms, mud; temp:rature 57°; Stations 2764 and “765, off Rio la Plata, in 10 to 12 fathoms, sand. This species recalls CO. jucundum Gould, from New Zealand, and O. euglyptum Adams, from Florida, but is sufficiently distinet from either. It is less elegantly painted than C. jucundum, and the same may be said of its relation to the finer specimens of C. euglyptum, which also has its whorls more rounded and its flammules more regular. C. ridensis is very apt to be overgrown with Polyzoa; few of the speci- mens are free from them. The operculum and soft parts are as usual in the group. ‘ Genus MARGARITA Leach. Subgenus TURCICULA Dall. Turcicula Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., rx, p. 42,1881. This group is remarkable among Trochid:e for its large size and thin shell with delicate green epidermis and reflected peristome like a land shell. The type of the group is small compared with the others now known, but has the characteristic surface sculpture and form, though no perfectly adult and complete specimen has yet come to hand. The voyage of the Albatross has given us two fine species from the Pacific belonging to this group, which are perhaps the finest mollusks collected during the voyage. 346 REPORT ON ALBATROSS MOLLUSCA—-DALL. Turcicula Bairdii Dall. » Plate vil, Fig. 3. Turcicula Bairdii Dall, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xvii, pp. 376-378, June, 1889, Shell large, turbinate, elevated, thin, inflated, with four and a half or five whorls, of which the jast is much the largest; surface apt to be eroded, but where perfect covered with an extremely thin dense verni- cose pale apple-green epidermis; whorlsinflated; suture deep, not chan- neled; apex moderately pointed; spiral sculpture of (L) numerous fine faint rather irregular scratches or impressed lines; (2) sparse slightly elevated revolving bands which are usually more or less nodulous, the nodules when prominent being sharp and laterally flattened as if pinched up; of these there are, on the upper whorls usually three series between the sutures, of which one at the periphery is the most prominent and persistent, the next one behind it, half way between the periphery and the suture, being the least marked; on the base the cinguli are six or seven in number, becoming narrower toward the axis, smaller than those behind the suture, with smaller, less prominent, rounder and more numerous nodules; there is some variation in number and strength of all the cinguli, but that on the periphery is the most prominent and constant; the whorls are particularly round and inflated above and be- low, so that the outline of the aperture is often nearly circular; interior of the aperture brilliantly pearly, a thin wash of callus on the body ; the outer lip very slightly thiekened and distinctly reflected in the adult; pillar thin, simple, arching roundly into the curve of the base without any interruption, angle, or tooth; axis imperforate } the exter- nal sculpture showing through the thin shell. Altitude 50; maximum diameter 42™™, Maximum diameter of operculum 18™", “with about twelve whorls. The operculum is externally polished, smooth and deeply concave; the inner side presents a miuute central rounded ele- vated point; the margin is very thin but entire. HaxB.—Station 2839, off San Clemente Island, California, in 414 fath- oms, sand; bottom temperature not registered. Soft parts.—The sides of the foot below the epipodial line are granu- lous; above the line the surface is rather smooth. Much of the surface is apt to be covered with a layer of blackish or clivaceous substance, like solidified mucus or paint, which seems to belong to the animal, vet is wholly external to the cuticle. The foot is broad, not very long, bluntly pointed behind, the front edge straight, double, the lateral an- gles pointed; the upper layer of the edge is smooth and turgid in most of the specimens ; it is not indented in the median line. The muzzle is stout, circularly wrinkled, a little expanded at the- disk; the oral disk is not marginated; its surface is finely granulose; it is angulated at its lower outer corners and medially indented be- low. There are no oral palps or tactile appendages. vosen, | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. D347 The cephalic tentacles, for the size of the animal, are small and short. At their inner bases are small “‘ palmettes,” or cephalic epipodial fringes, not quite meeting in the middle line. They are rounded, with papillose edges. At the outer bases of the tentacles are the eyes, large, oliviform, mounted on short pedicels. The pigmented portion itself is ovoid and not hemispherical. In some specimens the pigment seems to be more extensive on the under side, in others the reverse, and still others have it equally distributed. A lens and aqueous humor are distinetly observ- able. At the right side, behind and on a level with the eye, is a short tubular verge. The anterior epipodial side lappet does not appear to be modified into a seminal conduit, as in Margarita infundibulum Wat- son. These lappets are nearly symmetrical. Their bases are turned up a little on each side behind the eyes and the lappets are rather wide. They extend backward about two-thirds of the way to the operculum, with a finely papillose edge. Then comes a single tentacular filament, less than half as long as a cephalic tentacle. There is another stretch of edge fringed with only small papille ; under the operculum there are three long filaments, of which the posterior is longest. Behind the operculum the epipodial lines of the two sides approach each other and bound a median furrow, coarsely transversely ridged (as in Pleuroto- maria), which extends to the end of the foot. The mantle edge is smooth or very sparsely papillate, slightly thiek- ened. The free end of the intestine projects on the right side over the neck, with its termination constricted by a sphincter, and then expanded into a cup-shaped circular foramen. On the left side is the gill, consist- ing of a central, somewhat muscular, ensiform basement, from which depend two sets of elongate triangular lamellx, separated by a narrow ridge. The left-hand set are slightly the longer. Most of the gill is free. Its distal end is pointed and the lamelle hang side by side, with the ridge between the two series, as in Nucula. The intestine takes a curve to the left side, where the renal gland is visible between it and the gill. I observed no osphradium. The mouth is small. Jace sae os te ineai een eee cee eee eee Length of fourth metacarpal bone ~ Length of fifth metacarpal bone - encth ot tibiats--as65c 2 -5— Menethof foot)... . | 2 Bot os |S ie Ae ede ected a 2 U.S. wh eel ee) est ceaeal cain ete eS arsine ees ° Nat. |(; . BlES/ Ela l/S]S)2iosi 2) 3 = Collector. Locality. Sissi ol es Se Sal Sa ey oualiene ? ama Mus. Pd a ee | PER Ol ve (ol seam del Seu |e Olga ue a No. ale || © ele) | See es ee aes o |2 5 | ra 5 =| a a| » =| hs a : a Soe eet hal Pistaalft= Oe Paine veh Pate Wena Geet ese fie | 83) se) Slee e | ed aeons Bla |alealalFlake |al|olialele| «2 & wa ees ecteal a Poebe ge aT) ie | : — | | lm mem mm | meme Mem MM MLM Me MLM 15596 | Belding.| Cerros Island,| 13) 31 5] 187/ 18] 8 |10 | 5,3/19.5}| 37} 18) 40) 132) Type. Lower California. AT eee Ota sole cess nec eceetae 13} 33) 5) 173) 17) 8 9. 5) 5. 3/18 33] 18) 37| 123 SOR demas seme AO lrrcass ces tee 12) 33] 5|....| 17] 8 [10.3] 5. 3/20 37) spegsyeee. AHSOOT He deine. SoM ekect ee Se 12) SLi 4)....) LT) 7.5) 95) 5.5118 34| 15) 36 TDOO0S| oO ee aal cas OO'~ .nactacescccs |} d= 30 Ali. cas 18 8 bee (sora BS) Bae BY | | SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U.S. FISH COM- MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS. | Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries. ] No. IX.—CATALOGUE OF FISHES COLLECTED AT PORT CASTRIES, Bs LUCIA, BY THE STEAMER ALBATROSS, NOVEMBER, 1888. BY DaviIpD STARR JORDAN. In the fall and winter of 1988-89 the steamer Albatross made a voy- age from Norfolk, Va., around Cape Horn to San Francisco, in the interests of the U.S. Fish Commission. During this trip large collec- tions of fishes were made. In the present paper I give an enumeration of the species found at Port Castries on the island of St. Lucia, in the West Indies. The specimens collected are in the U. S. National Museum. A partial series is in the University of Indiana. TORPEDINIDS. 1. Narcine brasiliensis. STOLEPHORIDZ. 2. Stolephorus browni (Gmelin). Abundant. 3. Stolephorus perfasciatus (Poey). CLUPEID&. 4. Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). 5. Harengula arcuata (Jenyns). 6. Harengula macrophthama (Ranzani). Two species of Harengula are abundant in this collection. These two species, and a third (ZH. sardina Poey), have been recognized by Poey and fairly well distinguished. It is probable that all the nominal species of this group in the West Indian fauna should be referred to the synonymy of these three. These may be generally recognized by the following characters: a. Scales firm and very adherent, so that in ordinary specimens very few if any are lost. Each scale with one to four vertical strix, well defined and more or less curved; ventral scutes about 16-++-12; scales on back before dorsal more or less laciniate. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII—No. 789. 645 646 FISHES FROM ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES—JORDAN. b. Body deep, with the ventral outline forming an even curve from chin to vent; depth of body, 2? to 3 in length to base of caudal (33 to 3? with caudal) ; head, 34 in length, 14 to 15 in depth of body; eye moderate, one-third longer than snout, 22 in head; insertion of ventrals nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; dark humeral spot often obscure or wanting; usually a row of dark points extending backward from it along upper part of sides of body; caudal pale. (Specimens from Cedar Keys, Key West, Havana, and St. ID Der) Paper Beco s6ae Go aooe SAGs Hose aA cooeD Ole cEcc.coueuSEsHS Sobsec ARCUATA.* bb. Body more elongate, the ventral outline little convex, forming a weak pe depth of body, 32 in iength to base of caudal (4} with caudal); head, 3} in length, 1 to 14 in depth of body; eye large, 1} longer than snout, 2% in head; insertion of ventrals nearly midway between snout and base of cau- dal; dark humeral spot usually evident, sometimes wanting; above this spot a narrow dark streak extends, bounding the dark color of the back; just above this a pale streak; candal dusky; scales a little less striate than in the others. (Specimens from St. Lucia)............--- MACROPHTHALMA. aa. Scales less firm and little adherent, so that many of them are lost in ordinary museum or market specimens; each scale with about four wavy vertical strive on its free edge; ventral scutes, 154-10; body rather elongate, the ven- tral outline little convex, forming a weak arch; depth of body, 3} to 3} in length (44 with caudal); head, 34 in lefgth, 1,45 in depth of body; eye very large, one-third longer than snout, 24 in head; insertion of ventrals nearly midway between snout and base of caudal; color pale; no dark humeral spot; caudal pale. (Specimens from Key West and Havana). -...CLUPEOLA. The following seems to be the synonymy of the species, most of the earlier descriptions being so loosely drawn as to be more or less uncer- tain. The nomenclature is therefore throughout only provisional. HARENGULA ARCUATA, Sardina Escamuda. 2? Clupea arcuata Jenyns, Iechth. Voy. Beagle, 1842, 134. (Bahia Blanca). Harengula humeralis Cuy. & Val., Xx, 293, 1847. (Guadaloupe. ) Clupea humeralis Giinther, VII, 422. (Bahia, Jamaica, Trinidad, Dominica, Barba- does.) Alosa striata Cuv. & Val., Xx, 429. (Guadaloupe. ) Harengula (?) clupeola Poey. Knumeratio, ete. (Havana.) Clupea clupeola Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i866, 33. (Havana. ) Harengula pensacola,* Goode and Bean. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1879, 152. (Pen- sacola. ) Clupea pensacole Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 107. (Key West.) HARENGULA MACROPHTHALMA. ? Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani, “Noy. Com. Ae. Se. Inst. Bonon., v, 1842, 320, tab, 23” (fide Giinther): Giinther, vir, 421. (Cuba, St. Croix, Jamaica, Barbadoes. ) ? Harengula maculosa Cuy. & Val., Xx, 292, 1847. (Martinique. ) Hareng uta jaguana Foe Bepertoec io, 1, 190, 1866. (Jagua, near Cienfuegos. ) *Specimens from Florida seem to average a little Aaa in body than those from Cuba. This difference becomes, however, inappreciable on the examination of large numbers of specimens. Picea | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 647 HARENGULA CLUPEOLA. Sardina De Ley. ” Harengula ciupeola Cuv. & Val., Xx, 289, 1847. (Martinique. ) Harengula sardina Poey, Memorias, 11, 310, 1861. (Havana. ) Clupea sardina Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 106 (Key West); ibid., 1886, _ 33 (Havana). Harengula callolepis Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 152. (Bermuda. ) EXOCGTIDZ. 7. Hemiramphus unifasciatus Ranzani. BELONIDA. 8. Tylosurus raphidoma (Ranzani). 9. Tylosurus euryops (Bean). A single specimen, agreeing with the description given by Jordan and Fordice (Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 347). SYNGNATHIDZz. 10. Siphostoma rousseau (Kaap). Syngnathus elucens Poey, Synopsis, 1867, 445. A small, slender species, with the snout one-fourth longer than the rest of the head; top of head with a slight keel; rings 16 +4 34 = 50. Dorsal rays 26 to 28, the fin covering 144 5 rings. Vent midway between tip of snout and twenty-third caudal segment. Head almost three times in distance from tip of snout to vent. Lateral line inter- rupted above the vent. Head 7+ in length. This specimen agrees very closely with the short account given by Kaup of a specimen sent by Alexandre Rousseau from Martinique. The Syngnathus elucens of Poey seems to be the same. Poey counts 14 + 4 rings under the dorsal. This species is close to the European Siphostoma pelagicum, but the latter is more slender, with longer snout and longer head, 64 to 74 in length to base of caudal. The Euro- pean Siphostoma agassizi is also closely related, but that species is stouter than S. rousseau, with shorter snout. MURANIDZ. 11. Gymnothorax funebris (Ranzani). A young specimen. 12. Echidna catenata (Bloch). Several young specimens in good condition. MUGILID&. 13. Mugil curema Cuy. & Val. Common. 14. Querimana gyrans Jordan & Gilbert. Several specimens about 14 inches in length. Teeth in upper jaw comparatively strong; apparently no teeth in the lower. Anal rays II, 9 or II, 10, not II, 7 or §, as counted in the original types. 648 FISHES FROM ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES—JORDAN. SPHYRANIDZ. 15. Sphyrzena guaguanche (Cuy. & Val. POLY NEMIDA. 16. Polydactylus virginicus (L.) SCOMBRIDZ. 17. Auxis thazard (Lacépéde). 18. Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier). CARANGIDZ. 19. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). 20. Chloroscombrus chrysurus (L.). 21. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch). 22. Caranx latus Agassiz. 23. Vomer setipinnis (Mitchell). 24. Selene vomer (L.). 25. Trachinotus falcatus (L.). (Trachynotus ovatus authors. ) HOLOCENTRID&A. 26. Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck). SBERRANIDA. 27. Rypticus saponaceus (L.). 28. Bodianus cruentatus (Lacépede). 29. Mycteroperca venenosa guttata (Bloch). SPARIDZ. 30. Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider). 31. Lutjanus caxis (Bloch & Schneider). 32. Lutjanus synagris (L.). 33. Lutjanus analis (Cuv. & Val.). 34. Lutjanus vivanus (Cuy. & Val.). (Lutjanus profundus Poey). 35. Lutjanus buccanella (Cuv. and Val.). 36. Hzemulon parra (Desmarest). (Hemulon acutum Poey). 37. Hemulon plumieri (Lacépéde). 38. Hemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest). 39. Hemulon schranki Agassiz. (Hamulon steindachneri Jordan & Gilbert.) Not before taken north of Brazil. 40. Hemulon chrysargyreum Giinther. 41. Hemulon aurolineatum (Cuv. & Val.). 42. Hemulon striatum (L.). (Hemulon quadrilineatum Cuy. & Val.) 43. Conodon nobilis (L.). 44. Calamus bajonado (Bloch & Schreider). en PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 649 MULELIDZ. 45, Upeneus maculatus (Bloch). SCIAINID 4. 46. Larimus breviceps Cuv. & Val. 47. Odontoscion dentex (Cuy. & Val.). 48. Corvula sancte-lucie sp. noy. (Type, No. 41732, U.S. N. M.). Allied to Corvula subaqualis (Poey), but with a larger mouth, shorter pectoral, and different coloration. Head, 34 in length; depth, 33; D. XI-I, 23 : A. II, 8; scales, 6-46-10. Length of type, 53? inches. Body oblong, moderately compressed, the back moderately elevated. Head rather short and blunt, the anterior profile uniform, and slightly arched. Snout short, shorter than eye, 43 in head. Eye large, 32 in head, a little greater than interorbital space. Mouth considerably oblique, the jaws equal, the premaxillary in front on the levei of lower part of pupil, the maxillary extending to beyond line of middle of pupil, 24 in head; teeth of upper jaw in a narrow band, the outer moderately enlarged; teeth of lower jaw moderate, not quite equal, almost in one series ; preopercle with its membranous edge finely den- tate; gill rakers long and slender, about x + 15. Seales large and firm, those above lateral line anteriorly in series parallel with the lateral line; at a point below last dorsal rays each series is suddenly bent upward, and then again becomes horizontal. Rows of scales be- low lateral line horizontal and nearly straight. Dorsal spines slender; soft dorsal and anal scaly at base; caudal (broken) apparently subtran- cate; pectoral very short, in head, reaching about to eighth dorsal spine; anal small, inserted backward, its second spine moderate. Dis- stance from insertion of ventral to first anal spine one and one-fifth times depth of body. Coloration silvery, with about fourteen hori- zontal dark stripes, aS in some other species of Corvula and Larimus. These stripes are continuous, and those above bend upward underneath last dorsal spines; fins pale yellowish, all more or less soiled with dark points ; a faint dark axillary spot; lining of gill cavity pale. One specimen, from St. Lucia. 49. Umbrina broussoneti (Cuv. and Val.) 50. Micropogon fournieri (Desmarest. ) GERRIDZ. 51. Gerres olisthostoma Goode & Bean. 52. Gerres rhombeus Cuy. & Val. 53. Gerres gula Cuv. & Val. 54. Gerres pseudogula (Poey.) Very close to the Florida species, Gerres harengulus, but a little more slender, and with rather weaker anal spines. In the paper on this 650 FISHES FROM ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES—JORDAN. genus by Evermann and Meek (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1886, 261), Gerres harengulus, as represented by specimens from Florida and Cuba, was referred to the synonymy of the west coast Gerres gracilis. The two species are very closely related. A comparison of specimens show that G. harengulus has a blunter snout, somewhat larger eye, and larger anal spines than G. gracilis. Eye, 24 in head; snout, 3; second anal spine, 22 to 34 in head in G. harengulus from Key West; (34, 34, 44 in G. gracilis from Guaymas). It is, however, not always possible to dis- tinguish G. harengulus, G. pseudogula, G. gracilis and G@. dowi, and per- haps all should be regarded as varieties of one, G. gracilis. EPHIPPID Ai. 55. Cheetodipterus faber (L.) CHA:TODONTIDA. 56. Chzetodon striatus Bloch. 57. Cheetodon ocellatus Bloch. 58. Chztodon sedentarius Poey. 59. Chetodon capistratus L. 60. Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch). ACANTHURIDA. 61. Acanthurus hepatus (L.) 62. Acanthurus bahianus Castelman. (Acanthurus tractus Poey.) 63. Acanthurus cceruleus (Bloch & Schneider.) LABRIDA. 64. Halichcres maculipinna (Miiller & Troschel.) 65. Halicheres bivittatus (Bloch). 66. Platyglossus dimidiatus (Agassiz). 67. Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). 68. Sparisoma abildgaardi (Bloch). 69. Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Cuy. & Val.). 70. Sparisoma hoplomystax (Cope). (S. cyanolene Jordan & Swain.) Abundant, as is also the next species. The fact of the wide distribu- tion of these two species is an interesting one, as until very lately both have been overlooked or else not intelligibly described. 71. Sparisoma xystrodon Jordan & Swain. 72. Scarus cceruleus (Bloch). 73. Scarus croicensis (Bloch). One young specimen. 74. Scarus acutus Poey. eg | PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 651 One specimen. In spirits, dark above, with a paler area extending from pectorals to base of candal. Caudal subtruncate, with the angles slightly produced. No posterior canines. Scales on cheek in four rows, those of the first row largest, the third row with six or seven scales; body rather elongate, the depth 32 in length; snout compara- tively sharp, 23 in length of head; eye small. MALACANTHIDSA. 75. Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch). GOBIIDZ&. 76. Gobius soporator Cuv. & Val. SCORPAINIDZ. 77. Scorpzena plumieri Bloch. 78. Scorpeena grandicornis Cuv. & Val. DACTYLOSCOPIDS. 79. Dactyloecopus tridigitatus Gill. Dactyloscopus poeyi Gill (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, 266) seems to be the same species. PLEURONECTIDA. 80. Syacium micrurum Ranzani. 81. Platophrys lunatus (L.). 82. Symphurus pusillus (Goode & Bean). Depth, 3 in length; scales, 88. Dark gray, with very obscure brown cross-bands. Fins, including caudal, pale, with dusky blotches at short intervals. This specimen is identical with the one taken by Dr. O. P. Jenkins at Beaufort, North Carolina, mentioned by Jordan and Goss, Review Pleuron., p. 326. It is decidedly different from the common S. plagusia of the West Indies, and seems to be specifically distinct from S. plagiusa. I may here note that the appearance of ‘keeled scales” on Symphurus nebulosus (Goode & Bean) is due toa black line on the skin under the center of each row of scales. There seems to be no real keel and the species is congoneric with the other species of Symphurus. BALISTIDZ. 83. Monacanthus pullus (Ranzani). TETRAODONTIDS.. 84. Spheroides testudineus (L.). DIODONTIDZ. 85. Diodon hystrix L. 652 FISHES FROM ST. LUCIA, WEST INDIES—JORDAN. OSTRACIIDZ. 86. Ostracion bicaudale L. ANTENNARIIDZ. 87. Antennarius scaber (Cuvier). One small specimen. Body light brown, clouded with darker. Fins all with round black spots, those at the base of the dorsal somewhat larger than others. Ventrals tipped with black. UNIVERSITY OF INDIANA, December 11, 1889. ALPHABE'TICAL INDEX. [Pages in heavy type contain important references. | A. Page. Abingdon Island, birds from ....---..---- 119, 124 ASH FON == sete o-oo cjome 179 Abra lon crcallyseracserisaceser = osllciesiccie 274 Abrolhos Islands, birds from....-.-.--.-- 129-139 IMSECtS ALOM) = ces oe 205 Acanthurus bahianus...--. Jemeeieeia Spee 650 COBLULEUS ee ae ee cee ene 650 NOpatUS .scmsciee oc osc wee -soee 296 latiporosum ......-...-. 616 Anisotremus bilineatus..-.............2. 181 medullosum ......-....2 607 HONIALUS ese occas cee 181 MOllhausianum ........-. 617 PAMIMMLI NOS eeu caccee eee eect oe ee eee 599 Ouangondianum .......- 606 ‘Amolisjalligatonke.. cece: csescc nes cee eee ae 141 Robectianumess-eeceaecs 616 PONTAPLiON eae teccs cece e ees 144 Schmidianum ..-......-. 616 ANOMBlOdeSMACEA ---=)=5/--2 22-2 soot ee 247, 275 Subtle seeaeceeecee ens 617 Anomalon eureka, new species.........-- AZ Wirginianum: -2-2-o-c.=s 615 simile, new species............ AS Wurtembergiacum.....- 615 xanthopsis, new species....... 423 | Araucarites Agyptiacus...-.....--.---.. 614 PATIO DOIENMSiee= = -/--seee eee a ee eee eee 44 ambicuus#2 ccs) -eeeeeeee 610 Anous galapagensis........... 116, 120, 121, 124, 128 Arpillicblaresecsessece ca 615 SIOUG I ce merscaccssae 116, 120, 121, 125, 128 Beinerianus)..54--0-s-ilee 609 FATMUGMINATI Cee teams a= ciece sce ene se eeeeee 652 Brandlingii, soeeeckese se 607 PAMTONNALUS IS CADELA Ne -ce= ice cea sees 652 CUPLOUS. Sees sae eee eterna 613 Anthropological Society -...........2..2. 370, 371 Edwardianus’-22.---secee ae 617 Amnthus correndera.;:-.-.-iic, 5.2. 22s-2-- 131 Fleurotiicees-tscesteaceee cee 613 Antrobia mammouthia................... 531 Ieperianusie-ece-eecee sneer 614 INDEX. 655 Page. Page. Araucarites Kutorga ...............--2-- CSE Psnia di ep MO IB oe bine gaeBom cas Das eeee bob: 259 | Astyris, scction.........---.0seeeeeee0=5" 327 ASHCITER ROWAN paeeeaeoes cose coneeesosae SOP Ate acy 3 ene ee a Se an Le nS Pee 542 AT GHes OGY ULIMS) <2 ce == ee ae a mene 33°| Atherinidi, family, new species of .----- 149 billingsi......-.--..-...-- 34 | Atkinson, G. F., on spiders...-.........-. 587 dwighti, new species. ..-. G32E || ONT nle@na ON NOG oncanaodenoscens cone 131 rensselaericus....-....-.- 3 PACH cl Se tees Naat ees tone Se 208, 568 Archeology of Potomac Region..-.....-.- SOT Avitin sey een ten cone ee ee 568 Anchibenthal Region .---..-..-2- eee ZOOM AG nd (lee cc ws) eset ice ph @ Fei | tran eee 568 Archosareus PpOurtalesil.-.s2c0. 2c scene LST AVIS eStiT Ali ke eer eee 570, 577 PAMCHOSCION TOMILET, wie ceo sess -ss-mesiciae 181 MEPLCATIUS: 2S ceeeee ote 576 INTO 8 5b GSE OCO BOO CR MOCO SED CO HERE CCoe 259 agrestis Sr dietajevnte\ aietmte alwloel ovale a) makers ated e 577 FAT CCOSAY GINGLAisees.c..c sce socis cre 5 otstoe wie 564 alboimaculatus ......-----. See nes 577 Ly NK aoe sa clesmaismciniscisteasicisyajs isc 564 ADIDESAS eo esc baoc saree eee aes Se 577 Ardea lOrodlass « === 618 4 Opifexssscpe see seaseencees-naseeses 579 | Avalonia, new genus of invertebrate fos- 4 GPPOSIMS secs ence eens eae ae eee 579 Bilices Gant eer enae eset Ad QHOSUS r= Sojrsccisci. co sensonclneseckisct 579 manuelensis, new species .--.-- 45 ; PALUSULI Soca wm cee enamel 5791) sAwicularia: .-2cce seeeeces-ncee onesie eee 502 3 WRIAYIG) = 5 sepeceogcssso0 2o55ns SoEt aes 570,579 | Azevia panamensis.....--.--------------- 174, 182 ; PAV KU socccice des ecas ee esecees 576 querna, new species of fish. ....-. 174 POLCSTINUS). - ocean eeene ee mneelentone 579 petulans\ os... seco eamciewlseaeenee 579 i B. pileatus....-..--..----------------. 579) | Baird) ProtessOl-e sen esesesa-eeer ese 101 pilosus......------------+++-++----- 579 | Bairdiella armata .--..--.----.---..------ 181 pinus ..---..--+-----+---------+---+ 579 chrysoleuca .-........---------- 181 pistaceus -----.---------.2.---.--2- 579 ensifera).2cscee ee eee 181 plumosus ..-...--...--------------- 579 | Palistes capistratus.-.....-..--.--------- 183 Balistidax Ballus youngii : Barathra, description of genus brassice curialis occidenta Bane anc Os talamsemaeeaecnecesne eleasie ciel Barrington Island, birds from IBAScANUNNlateraley case aces or esisee a ele Basilissa alsa Basommatophora, suborder...--.-.-.----- Bassus euure, new species.----.--.------- orbitalis, new species syrphicola, new species.....------ virginiensis, new species .....--. - xanthopsis, new species Bathyphantes alpina angulata bibamata cow plicata formica micaria minuta MEV MOStass eas cee ss ocacies = nebulosus subalpina zebra Batrachians and reptiles collected by Al- batrossiee cesar from West In- dies Batrachide, new species of Batrachoides pacifica Batrachyla leptopus IBA AING We SPECLOS| Ofer -- 540 fulvicrural.-.-cc.e--ssecesee = 203 Cerenopus costulatus........:...--..-... 187 fASClAta’. ccisissg=. 2-55 504s cesses 203 Cai MGES = oseoee Gonmcos eons sooSerposadc 335 PATINOTEY, SaGaceasoeear cone 203 Cerithium semiferrugineum .-....--..----- 335 NeyaGy SS sen eeescsssocuosccecs 203 Certhidea cinerasceus, new species of Mherminierissssc-ccsee a oeesee 203 bindeetesecces aekosecies 105, 119, 127 IN AREY eoeinepEno socenebesace 203 PB escaeocdennoeocnne 105, 119, 123, 124 THES aaaoscshacnboan.nccone 203 Certhilanda frobeni.--............ ...... 133 BOCIRe n= 5. corsdeae st cecneineae oe 203 Certhidea olivacea.....--.- 105, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125 tibialis... so2ye resins woxqececoe 203 CeEylorstella tase sa\ccmmie saline one a 136 | VOLOlih sae seeeecceecaaceenccts 203 Cetengraulis mysticetus. .-..--...-..---. 179 WAT eens cocina. see eemeie 203 Cetomya, subgenus..............-.....-. 290 | Chrysso albomaculata.........-......-..- 523 AUIDGES Soba bseseGuesora onaacous 28on le Cicindelidw esse oseoeeee eee eens =a eee 197 QUI SUT coootaodsopgcceaon oneose 285 | Cicurina arcuata -........--2------+----06 516 Chenomugil proboscidens. .........-.-.- 180 COMPlCapaeeeeee-seeeene ceases 516 @heetodipterus) faber: .----. <2... 555. 5).- 182, 650 NOVAGENSIS! 2 yeaee cae se aeeee ees 516 Chetodon capistratus .............----.-- 650 UNG: ccossocencoscenaedcassos 516 Lng eHU Eo Csopapononagoondds 182 MODUS Uys eemaeeee cle e mien stats 516 Ocellatus saceesses-msemeaesce- 650 RMN he Sonoce cance csSemeanasee 516 HOCOMALNS beeeemeeminsiescice (es = 650 COGS ea cenc cess oseaasacem eee 516 SUPERS sc opeemoebeeopoccBode v50' | ?@inclodes! fUSCUS» -ccce-eneaclesneemcenee 132 (Chpetod Onii0 ey aee a ae acacia =e 650 PAlACONICUS eee eae eee eee 132 aM AC OAlseceeeise ses -jonccinaleasincele eels = 200715 Cinereay cane sesame cee ae nema ecmteet 54% (CHT, EGE opnecanocboonecotenenenseecor 264) | *Cimifl0 2i25.sccaeo ccdecectaceseceset cue se 510 @lamidw).sos-c 2 c-o-5a6 Hee a eeao ele e aes 264 | Cinitlonidae?.s2n25,0-cns eee e eee 509 RTA CLL wean le Seceicise = cin4 scm omslacsin 131, 186 | Circe (Gouldia) cerina...........:...i.... 261 Charadrius dominicus fulvus ....-.-.----- 380 | Circotettix lapidicolus, new species of in- Charles Island, birds from........-...---. 119, 122 SCCbe =) esas ac Sees eee 48,75 HEH sos oecaoos seeoe 179 shastanus, new species. .-.--... 48,76 Charops annulipes, new species..-....--. 425 undulatus: .-s.6seeeeretees ac 76 Chasiempis dolei -..............-..--.-... 382 Verruculatusns-s.sceane==aaee 76 SClUtenl <2 Ssccecsstece alee’ 382) | (Circumflexa:-ca.-ccccesscssececeeteessnes 528 Chatham Island, birds from......... ---. IS AZ1 it Cistelidaa <2csssoseen see ss oc eto eaeees 192 fish from.......--.--.--- 179 | Cistothurus platensis .........-....------ 131 Cheiromeles.......-------5+++-++-++++-++- 635 | Citharichthys spilopterus -.........----- 182 Cheiroptera .....-.---.-------------+----- CoS MNCitiorad atm busissssasseee eee see taee 560 Chili, batrachians from .......-.....-.... 143 Oitigradesccz soaree- neo see eee et eee 560 insects from.......-----------++++- 197 | Clemente Island, insects from..-....----. 186 Chilomeniscus cinctus ..-....-----.---.-- 147 Clerk, C., work on spiders by..-.-.-..---- 588 Chimarocephala ........-...-.--.-------- 56 | Clistopyga pleuralis, new species...--.-- 448 Chione cancellata .......----.-----+----++ 271 pulchripicta, pew species... .. 448 TUQOSA..---.----+---2--- +22 eee eee 272 AClnbiona abboti -.y.s2-sesoseeess <2 - 25 512 Chiracanthium albens...................- 513 % APTOSS! «25-60. nace esesecse ss 512 HUG) oe 5 sceRrchopecposaoc 513 albens’.-cc2 oes ee eee 512 Chlamydoconcha ....-..-------------++++- 233 brevipes, new species......---. 208, 209 Chloephaga antarctica ..........-.....--- 138 GANAGCLSIN«. <<. oxveeadeeieee ce coee 512 660 INDEX. Page. Page. Cinbionaicelereereenas- seem aes =a === 512 | Columbella permodesta, new species of ; CLASSIpal pis ees esen ane ser eee 512 mollusk-=35-4- sce sae eeee 327 OXCODUA! = cose = eae ieeas cee 512 Saintpairiana.............-.. 328 PAU OTS Selene a sete ele eae 512) «Columbidp sist asye sen see emer eee eee 116, 139 beta dhe sees saapcodaenaS mons ol2i| Colymbus rollandi-ss--. esses eee srecne 139 gracilis -..-------------2---3---< 512 | Commander Islands, natural history of... 83-94 immatura..--.------------+---+- BIZ |\"Compositiescaca)-cen cece cence eee 218 HACE So agesnabesactosaces soSact 512 | Congride, new species of.....-......----- 149 minuta -...---.----------- were O12 NO onide ceaaocsceek ag nena eee eee 300 MixXta. -..----+----2+------------ 512 | Conocephalus subulatus ...-.....-------- 206 obesa....--------.-------------- 512 | Conocreta, new genus of brachiopod ...-. 365 ornata ....-.-.------------------ 512 rusti, NEW SPeCies. -204--- ace 365 WOBURN poceigconoaesoace Seeeses 512" |’Gonodon nobiliss-cc2. ee 2seeece eee 648 piscatoria .....-.-...----------- 512 | Conomitra intermedia, new species of mol- THEN se seonganencessnocmessce 512 Musk fce. seco eee ee eae ee 316 UN PHAM E eS pnococcomssoec Soo aeeese 512’ | Conopisthazcccsce ence eee nese 523 TUDID. sacecteccweeretetesee ec J 512 | Conozoa albolineata, new species of insect 48, 66 saltabunda -----.---..-.-.-..--- 512 koebelei, new species of insect.. 48,67 SP Wha Dee eeaoeadndoorbosssogD = 512 AulciiZ0ONso- sa eee eee tee aoeee eee 65 Une MEA 5 pons soosescesoense 512 | texana, new species of nsect.... 48,65 @lupioni deseo = see ecco e cece eeea seeker 11, 592 Wallnla..j.ncsuecsse sae etmemee 67 Clupea arcuata....-.--------------+------- 646) \Conus\cleryil cece see 2 ce eeeeee Hee eeeee eee 300 (MYO B scecqocsoodescassscconcs= 646 Cook, Profi, A. Sis. -cs Sas eseeeeeeeee 392 Sandinaseesersim aeons aaa es eaer 647 | Cope, E. D., on Albatross batrachians and (CIMENGE sSosbosopsscassesosseSdsorceosce 179, 645 EVANS. 6 Sopsaosusocedonddou ndabaocsecion 141-147 Cnemidophorus Jabialis, new species of Copimamestra:+....----.c2=26--s25-heenes 457 lizard -ccecceeceas--ce, ON >) (Coquillitt, DaWeeseeecee cece eee eee 51 ocellifer)-sessscs=see— == 644 | Coralliophila abbreviata -.....----. -c-cm. 332 sexilineatus ..-...-.----- 147. || ‘Corals, fossil 3:72 54-52 20ccesso=2se eee eres 33 tessellatus tessellatus. - 147 |\Corbula-Barrattiana.-..22-2-) 2 eeeeee 292 tigpisi cos 147 cymellas sno = ace easeee ene 292 (Vertecaria) hyperyth- Dietziana:- 22... scsse0pses0 cesses 292 WHE) 517 Crassatella floridana:.---s-0--scees-ce=c~ 260 Ssiomifeniesecectece= aelseeeenieeseie 517 (LARA Tellico tacen ce scence Secs seen 2605) Oyelosaybilares eee esen. secs aee 549 CRAMER S 6 oonpeneee Seoacodsooeesasesco 217 CH Ne apeanoconopoosbortacsscoc 549 CraninUs VCASSIZ1 - = soe imie oso as es eiaia 181 COMICRreeee coerce seine eee tera 549, 593 Gratoscelis tal pes) .--- 4-2 eee eeien = -i= 500 PUT DIM ate sacar 549 (Wrenerns fOLCAtUs) =o. 4-ccce soc se--2-== 120,121 | Cyclocosmia truncata.......-.....-..--.- 501 description of....----- 417 | Cyclostrema cistronium.................. 354 Cremastogaster lineolata .......-....--.- 190 diaphantm)-c ces sae eae 355 Cremnodes californicus, new species..--. 420 On lOl yxte aes eee 355 Crenella (decussata var.) divaricata....-. 251 Valli tO1d GSi ter ciesetaee ieee 355 Crepidula (Sandalium) aculeata.....-.--- 339 | Cyclostrematida.....-...-.....-----.---- 354 Cresson, Dr. Hilborne 'l......----..----- 373 | Cyclosternum schmard®...............-. 208 Creswell Crags, England, paleolithie im- Cylichna Verrillii.-.--..---...--)..--..--- 298 MIEMIONUSAb ees soe one to tet swe ee ees 374 | Cylindrorrhinus angulatus...........---- 199 (GHW: 2k aE eee best od! 514 | Cyllopoda.....--....2-2-+--+e20 +--+ 22-2 553 Crocigrapha, characteristics of.......---- 469 | Cymatoica occidentalis, new species of TaYEV TTT a Os eS ee a ne 469 TIOPIELS WesScnocoseee codbor 6] Crotalus adamanteus atrox .....-...----- 147 orientalis, uew species of mol- Grustulinwstictaseseeeeee ree see sees aia 526 lusk.--..-------+------+--- 273 CHOI ATEIT Ree eo ts as te ae 35 | Cynoscion phoxocephalum.....--.-...--- 181 Cryptodon barbarensis, description of - -- 261 reticulatus ....------.+-+++---+ 181 fuegiensis, new species of mol- stolamanni. .-..----------.--- 181 ~ isk eae serene: 2G2 | Cyperaces.----.-----..--...------------- 218 GUO Este tae oe ere 569) | Cypinodontide.-----.----.22<7 ==. 2 ee 180 DyLiarmiig-sesesces cen eeeseees 963 | Cypripedium..-....--...-.--..-...--..--- 218 (CnypLOPlOSsaiS Prete seem eleee ce seater 187 | Cyrba pulex .......----.------+---------- 573, 574 Crypturus'albomaculatus, new species... 444 teeniola .......--+---+--+20 20-25. 574 texanus, new species ......... 443 Cyrtarachne bicurvatasoccccsacecse-s =e 541, 551 Cryptus, analysis of new species of .....407, 408 bisaceata ..-...-.----+------ 551 alamedensis, new species ...-.-- 409 cornigera....+..-- 282203006 541, 991 armatus, new species........... 411 @yrtanchenivs similis eset = ae see 208 brevicauda, new species........ 482 | Cyrtophora bifarea ....--..-++- .+--+---- 549 californicus, new species ..----. ait californiensis ...... SCBSBISSAc 549 coloradensis, new species....-.. 408 | tuberculata..-.....-+-..----- 549 4a2 Cytwa minuta .......-----..----+-------- 574 4144 | Cytherea encymata, new species of mol- 409 lughkivecsetco wee cemecere cae D> a | 410 NG) dcr ReaRmAbeoe oboocone saeccs 271 nebraskensis, new species....... KAD ue : : 1B}, nigripennis, new species ......-. Att texensis, new species......-..... ALO) | Dactyloscopidse <3. - seca. oa sae e=ne ee 652 violaceipennis, new species ..... 408 | Dactyloscopus poeyi..----.------- ASBOaSE 651 (Cher Be canccoaaceeoScoscoodadneSaxesEceS 208, 567 CRICI Mt EUS eee onl eee ieee 651 Ctenizd CalitoOrniCae c=. cence alee ne == - 502 | Dadoxylon Acadianum .............----- 608 Ctenobranchiata, order...............--.. 299 AGP YP blACUUN .-2 jesse eens = 614 Chenusphibemalisieeca- a= - geese cies. aacte 567 PALM Ne coe ceencddos canaLe 610 obscurus, new species...-....---- 208 ANP US GU Me seas shee tee etainietater 610 DUNCHULAUUS cols seas een cies sito 567 ANNULAUUM eacnie see e eae 610 (CHUNG Ee) soc coSSea SE pnEoocobcns aapanonnee 113, 130 ATIULQULUS eee seeeet es eee 611 Wnmlex7 Specimens Of---se-e-cecie cece vce 197 DTG |e WNvecaresosedennoceacse 610 CLIO E2 552 eeasescutne: Scec sad sdnescac 197 Beinertianum --.--:.--..-.--- 609 CHAI TCUCTNPEU EE) Seaceercbags ceaees sonaocoe 132 biatmicus)|-<-s¢ to espe 613 Curculionids (oo. 2-= 22-2206 =< =2 so-so al° 192, 199 Brandlineii-se. -.eeseee eee 607 MUS OG See ee eee ote aa eicte mints ace /= wintaraiet=i ain ala 560 IBNGHISNUTE = oer 609 Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) striata -.-.-..--- 281 cupreum ....- Hesaasonobcnoeae 613 662 INDEX. Page. | Page. Dadoxylon Edvardianum ...-.-.--------- G15. | Dictyna pallida....2¢-.22-esacae.0-Sa, s 510 GUO tiis-sses ce? mane oe 613 TUbra. fi o24 se8s eisences weasel eee 510 Wallicce ccc an seetee neces sees 606 sedentaria .s-sac--o oneness eee 510 intermediums.2scs: s--sseeo === 608 Wibtata oe sscccc osetia ene 510 Keuperiamomss-c.--sss-o== 614 VOLUCTIPCS hes eee eee eee ete 510 materiarum.............----- 608 | Dendroica adelaide delicata........------ 129 medullarezecpeccesee ese = == 610 aureola ......-- 105, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125 INOW DILLY lsseseeesa-ese eee 607 elicata cose set s-- acu stersisete ele 129 Ouangondianum .-.----.------ 606 | Dendryphantes alboimaculatus ........-- 570, 577 pachy tichumesssessee4-ceno2e 612 | Capitatus --------- 570, 577, 578, 579 Permicume-se.s4-s= sss sacs 613 elegans ..-...-....571, 573, 579, 580 RhodeanuM.ss---.5-2-eb==e—= 612 flavipedes face. «as -eqse5 571 Richteris. -.-22.5- «snac-e.s5%6 612 HQVUS so aee eae eae 571 Rollei: -.5< si.-cescsceenese ae 612 multicolor <2. <-.2---.2- san ed Schrollianum’-ce-esssesesesee 611 | Dentalinm\callithrix-<------c- -ceceeseenee 294 RUG Ney «nga aosodacascadecoe 611 candidum-=-=--/.--=== qeocesue. 294 Stephanese:-cs-c-s-sasee—see= 608 CSE eeomanessosc ecsossonspods 294 Stern bergite oe. sees se eens 617 didymunt 2.2502 2. aceoasesens 294 stigmolithos ................- 611 ONSIBUNNS - 220 eis eee ees cite 294 Subrhodeanum......-. ..--.. 608 Gonldits S27 ese. e ee eee 295 Tchichatcheffianum.......... 609 megathyris, new species of Thurinciacumy-ss-s4ss- esse" 614 mollusk. .-225 25.nceeue eee 293 Vialdiejolenses---.3.epenese ese 611 perlongum.-2--2sse5. ace eee 294 WocesiaCcumEs-so2 5 -pe ee Ze 609) ‘Dictyna volupis;o+--2---ss aoa 2... eee eme= eee 544, 545 664 INDEX. Page. Page. pera CONICATIA- «6-9 -eceeece sere seer ae 5427 IOPSILA MIVOD sone gseeet eee eee eee 546 eraciterd... /S.sas) cesses cece eee 545 apiculata.......... Sewaimieinteinlaierelmiete 548 incestilica co... scceees eee en eee 545 S) UNCP Seeeerecos ce pee pososenenss 548 inhamatacssesccces ceeeeee merenee 545 SPiNigera...-...2------------e eee 548 ANGUIATIS( cen sash eeste eene eens 545, 546 SPIT veeeee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee 548 RELA eee ee ee. oa eee Nene 545 stellata..........++5----------.--- 548 JASPIGAGA: a5 - alas eae eens sees 545 SUVIX .----- 2.00 seen eee eee eee ee 544, 548 Fuolandi). sees! asseeeaces eee 545 SUDIUSCA/So a nnensee es =e eeeeeeeee 548 SMP ONL acc ses sieves acioers aeea ees 545 SULLIX.-.- 222202. eee eee eee eee 548 labyrinthes +scss--ssesreeeeeeee 208, 545 tauricornis .--...-+..-.-++-++---+- 548 Noucopaster-1 set ecaeeee aes eee eee 546 thaddeus .....--. 22...----- feneeee 548 IMPALA ss =< << =. sam eine seme ete 546 theis -----..e. se eee eee erence cree ee 548 MACUIALA: - cs-cco0scnccdaeeee cee 546 tranquilla ..... Tso2cEdeaEeSs S-acc5 548 AULACA GA ae ao oc 32 ore Se 54G tramsversa........---..------.---- 541 MIATUROLGA CE «soos cee eeeee ee ee eee 546 triaranea ..-.---.----+++---+------ 545, 548 TUMUEA ees ces tase cs oaassaeceee ees 546 triflex BO PISCID OHO GOBA Si c3.99 GAEIDO 548 MUAY ONE eos setae acti sce 5 tee eee 546 triplium .........-....-++--.------ 548 Tmiiatametete (= 2862-22 55 2geso 546 trinotata -..020-+---2..2--r-e-ceee B48 ALE eee eee nec oS ce 546 trivitatasi.: Sono eseee eee creme 5148 MOPMON «scctcec Perea ne 2h) Ns Be 546 turbinata...--...------+---+------ 548 mUutapiwiseaseseses vocwseosscceeus 546 tytera .-...--+++-++2-+ 22ers eee eee 548 MEphiloidessecsecees se es-kseet sees 546 Venusta ...----- sees 2 -seeee eee eee ie phOWA sec eae steeds. MEE 546 V GIT COS Arse aera =e ey eee eerie 548 MICATASUENSIS Mee ese teeaeeseenee 546 vertebrata....---.---++--s20e--ssee 548 a INDEX. 665 Page Page. Epeira virgata..... srelereiaiatniainiatal eroidiatetsteteratets DATs UN DIC ONG LUC Ak cacie cle aimlalaisiete wetasiaf= eee 534 VLVL (Liem tsi croc in clateic miaivieletacinense wes 548 AUB CAs a nicicisiew a's © s'mie)eiceisis sisisie ecto 534 WOWCTIPCS. soos cccesewscecce scsses 518 INOW Ross ero abe seoc correc 534 WHEE Scop osonoooasoneee sacs oo Eh MES AT CUINE CUinen accent see eeees 534 MU peculabaya-mcsctowlcioasainelewe sl 548 INfCTN AIS) 2-\waecis eee ese 534 EM CIN ES coke nites cen emitec commen semsec sees 208, 539 ANOLD MU ewetce sins aciosceasecsoets 534 JOOS IBUICE Ce Shossnnee cep eeoecoeeacaeeeacae 539 INGEPLES's see aise e cae ee ese 534 HET OINOLG © < ciais araiolsic'ereininte <0(a c eleictels miavic sisisic 539 Wetdicncecccesccn. esse covets se 534 HM PeInOVd Osh a-seisanstesaeos io -oe a soaeesteosic 525 Letabilis paasaccer =e ceeneeeeseee 534 Hiphippid wee ec eriecse eects semneiceaceis 650 Mabel oso /se'sioe oe sine oeenisenieeeece 534 Ephippigera tschivavensis. .....-.....-- 80 laticeps..c2.2.ccces too cde cece ae 534 Hpiblemumitantstumy 7222 -)a- cence censios 574 latifiens =: ss2<%cneccces ses ae 534 palmarum 25. -ah.-22essce= 55 574 longipalpis=-2-...2---4-e50en2s= 534 SCON LEU 5262 mesa aicce oie 574 FON GISeLOSAn. anes eeee saiee eee 534 By enlo) Die ENG) Sasa pa ameneacoonneecao 217 longitarsis/-c-enqcacce sees conte 5384 SIC ALUIM see sie ot annie alseie 217 lonpihwlba, < /.s2=2-ttccsesceeceee 534 Hpinsphelus analogus......-......<------ 181 MAT Sil 2a is sete ee ene ee eee 534 Lalprifor mis) = cicee ces ejse= cine 180 MAINA 22/5 Sasha ose eres 534 I PISINGS CRUNCALUSS aa aje emcee se soon 524 THLCTOP Alp lS temeleateeeesee eee ie 535 VG UUS) OM OLA a ae. cae nese memse shoosocoocs 206 MUCTOLALSISMs. scaceet ener caress 535 Mem ODA WtVe Me ae atelae) mee setae tee tosie 80 MiINnUta ss wack yoeeaataccesscee eee 535 LOVRTONGES. 6S ece pepo eso seecosaseeaccoos 49 minutissima cclstnctasteccoodeaes 535 GO MMO MSM Uber lalelene ele alel=!= sem =|ainlolal sia == 577 MONOCCLOS exten seco a alter 535 LORIERIITISS 6 sor coecneceepoe sep accIbEe orn comace 509 | MON tall Aisne ee nee =e seers 535 DO NAGGED: oe 2oe Rec pepopo ppboau sSeepeDocoEoeS 218 | MOntiCOlA sen c sens. o-oo 535 Krigeron salsuginosus..--.....-----.----- 218 | MONUILETA msc desis este ae 535 Erigone atra -----.2-------2---.-----se--- 532 MM RGeSiM a wse locas eee 535 AACE Ne) — Geno ooepooEEpooasoscec 532 NICK COPS ee el-= > vee omens ieee 535 PUMAW TELE NE! < SS o6 aeeobeDaDeooace - 532 MOM IPA PSs setee seslacaesteeeante 535 MUG A Stee ole wn ceciel 535 PROVICORNIS tees ce ocicjnersecmceusicsaee 533 PAllOSCONS measles sees eee 535 Dru eis saecaaces gece seciscece 533 pallida cscoct.acsess soccer sane 535 bulbosa ..... ERE Roe aeons 533 paula a eee = oeecseeeseea 535 bulbosulaiecc cetetelasjee = als aires stemeaerers 218 G. Giebel, C.G., work on spiders by--.------ 589 Gadidw, new species of .......--.----.--- 449 | Gilbert, Charles H., on Gillichthys......- 363 Galapagos Islands, batrachians from..... 145 | Gill, De Lancy .....+.-+-++-+--++ +--+ +++ 369 ind etteor eee TOLATOSE | Gill. Dri’ Eheodore=.'.--~). ccs ise sn eee 642 fishies {rOmeee eee 149, 183 | Gaillichthys:mirabiliseoec-\ ese = 22-— ee 363 SAAS) GOT aoe ose 191 y-cauda at San Diego .....-.-- 363 nivalis Utomo 257 Girard, Charles, work on spiders by .--.-- 589 Galeocerdo maculatus........----.--.---- 179 | Glaucidium nanum......--.---.---------- 136 (ta BOTTI CECE ee ete tee cee 179 Glottidiapallbidalveeeasseeceeteee ssi aes 232 (GalensdOrsalish..-tsess--ceereo--cceeceee 179 | Glyphis barbadensis ........----.-.------ 358 Gallinago paraguaym..........---2-2--0+- 137 | Glyphostoma gratula.....- vanscscenses oes 309 Gallinula galeata sandvicensis.-..-.----- 3g0 | Glypta leucozonata, new species.......... 449 Gallinule, Hawaiian..........-.---------- 380 xanthozonata, new species..------ 449 Gasteracantha caneriformis....-..------- 208,539 | Gnaphosa brumalis ...-...---.----------- 508 en ar ae ee 993 | Gnaphosa conspersa .-------------------- 508 DIGGS. <2 1+ -Fecce rata 539 fontinalis........ BAO SaSepeCor 508 Uae ee eee 539 Pra OCRy aneseenocans=sac Ices 508 rufospinosa ...--.-:------ 539 Scudder ee eee eee 508 reitatige uc occa pg Bag. | ODUM ---.a--2enmnnnnennnc na saseranes LADO Gastrepoda, Albatross collections of .-.-.- 296 Gobius soporator peeks a eins on 182, ae Gaucelmus angustinus..........-.....--- 521 townsendi...-.--------+---02-=< > 868 Gayenna rosea, new species ......-.---. 208, 209 Got DRO CONS fea 2e cir mn rec aaa ae we Gaza Rathbunisenccseeteccscmicecine «a cems 342 Gonatium’..---- 20-200 sess 22002552 77202" =" ee (ape HORT ke ee a 541 PANINVNS) 2 Sama gocccoc sneneds2225¢ 536, 538 Genota Carpenteriana........----...2-+- - 303 | Gonatodes albigularis fuscus ........--.- 144 Geological Survey, fossil collections of .-. 33 | Gone yin coon ona nns san sae ae ee Shap nH ee NOE eee ge oes Sleg bir oS 196 | Goode, G. B., shell named for ..-.-..----- 300 Geophila, superfamily.........--.------ - ogg | Gordia marina ..--.. ----++--+0+-s-e20e- i Goosttmantarcticaeecen season ae eee 133 | Gould, John.......-2-++-+---+-----eeeeeee 121 GEASSITOSTTIS@e ee ee eee 133 Gouldia cerina.-...-..22.. 22 -2-.-- ===. 261 Bee ee oh eaten 133 | Graculus perspicillatus ...--------------- 85 TRS CIBbAy ese see ere easel ass 133 WAG 0 ous cee eeeis (oar aaaas ie ei Ae ee a 193 | Grallator ...--- ----e+ eee eee eee eee 552 Ea nee ees: 193, Graminew..-.- PERE ERC Ee eanercino cannnO - 218 longipennis, new speciesof bird. 135 SENG TRG A fen ean a i cap CE le el eam 133 HYOTE He aeeoo ceonowoceaooT 6 : 537 Geospiza conirostris, new species of bird. 106, 119 Eee iad TS Sag Sonia ime ooy et 124, 127 AHIR Geeces eee scoscsacoae 535, 537 dentirostris:..<.-.-..119, 121, 122, 125, 126 | Grand Cation of the Colorado .------..---- 35 difficilis......... TO7a W991 29: 194,106. 107 | Gratecap, Lek sa ane eae eames eee Fie ni) ee a 119, 126 | Great Auk, extermination of.-.-.-..----. 83 fortis . ..107, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126,127 | Green Sickle-bill --------------c--+--2-<0 aes Mie oncane se 107.119. 131, 122, 129124, 107, | CY NO a8 eae tay magnirostris ...-..------ 119, 121, 122, 126 | Grylotalpa hexadactyla ......--------+- ay media, new species of bird. 107, 119, 124 Grylls COMICS UI CUS oa son ease no acaa nas 192 a atta ea ae 119, 121, 122, 125, 126 Gymuothorax funebris ......----..------ 647 parvula-..----..-... 107, 119, 121, 123, 124 eo strenua ......-.. 105, 119, 122, 123, 124, 127 GreOLTGCH A pene at ae sece= ns = aielaie (eile =n) -l 513 | Habenaria dilatata...-..----------+++---- 218 Geraniaeees- = se seeet ons nsen ee ee omni 217 | Habrocestum auratum ......------------- 572 Geranium erianthum..............----.-- 217 | COCCRUM Mss. e eae anc = 572, 578 668 INDEX. Page. Page. Habrocestum coronatum .......---------- Si2jo18)| waalophilashahnl soe eeeee sees eee esas 203 CLIShAbW Me esem =e ee eee ee ee D2.¢\ elOphoras =. cee nee cease cee e tes aeeeeee 526, 530 LST PO aang aancdbacgssac 572 insignis eoesace cceee ee Sees ceils 530 Oregonense:-..-22--22-25--- 572 | Hemignathusstejnegeri.......-..-....--- 384 PELECMINUM Ms sees eee esa 572,579 | Hemileuca hyadeti.............--.-- pee 201 splendens7- sess -estssce= Of 2; Ole sHemip tera cess aceee aes ence eases 188, 194, 200, 204 viridipes....... SEue ec eneaeee 572,580 | Hemiramphus roberti...........--..----- 180 Hadrotettix trifasciatus .......----..--.- 70 MNMMASClabUSiee seem oe cme ae 180, 647 Hicematopodid sae sseae se = seen ee eee eater 116135") Hemerobiidzesee-ceeces sees eesonereeeeeeer 204 HM aAtOPUS Ale eee eer eee ee eee es 186 | Hemiteles albiscapus, new species. -....399, 403 galapagensis .....-... 116, 120, 123, 128 annulatus, new species ...--- 398, 402 IGUCOPUS Een sw e.weceniyse sence 136 annulicornis, new species. ...399, 403 palliatus'e- Jc oseore ee 116, 128 Belfragei, new species .....-.- 399 Hemulon acutum...... BS Sus oe ale sears 648 bicornutus, new species..... 399, 403 AUTOliNeGstumM sce eee aneee cee se 648 | bueculatricis, new species. --.398, 401 chrysargyreum.......--..--- a6 648 coleophora, new species -.... 399, 400 flavolineatum=s.sss.2sse. se o6 648 gracilarie, new species...... 398, 401 DUM eran acoaqncac anSocecosc00 648 hydrophilus, new species-....398, 401 DIM hee eee ese ee eeeeeaes 648 hemerobii, new species..-....399, 404 quadrilineatum..-...-.-........ 648 melita, new species ........- 399 Scud deniewesseseciacie eae 181 mellicornis, new species ..... 399, 404 SGM — essen noogeconcene ns 648 nigriceps, new species....-..- 398, 400 sSteindachneri.-..-. .----.---..- 648 | pallidus, new species.........399, 406 GUTTA S oon emoo ad neesdeesedag 648 | Rileyi, new species ....-..--. 398, 402 Hahn, C. W., work on spiders by..---.--- 589 rabricornis, new species. ---. 999, 405 1 GM AEN) Se oRSencocceocer Sa aoosesonS 517 syrphicola, new species...--. 399, 405 bimaculatacccsscteceeoetemccces ce 517 | texanus, new species .-..-...- 399, 404 ONTNEHED- scocacosscnon 2oySEnsesss= 5L7 Townsendi, new species. ....399, 405 HOBFAE 5 Soonseboseaabonacacdecsce 517 variegatus, new species....-. 398, 400 THAW Asan cose See ecldaws cece eee ce 517 | virginiensis, new species ....399, 404 TOE Songs esooesonnceasacsac sce 517 | Henicops' chilensis- ==. 2-222. -----.ssan- 216 Haldimanella robusta, new species of in- |) Ren tzil noses aeece career esse mee chee eee 543 BOC UREReEe ere teaweceeicacepascincce esac 48,8 | Hentz, N. M., works on spiders by ....-- 589 HaAlesis) hy tle Stee acetals ieeeele aa 200 | Herpestomus plutella, new species...... 396 Halichoeres bivittatus.........-.--..----- 6500) Herp yllns see ce ees eee eee eee ae eee 506, 507, 508 POEUN) Soeeccomocaeaodc 650 BlATING ee see eens snine oe eeeee es 508 Haliotis Podrtalesii.......---..-..- 001560 355 BOL’ sis fecisosweec< 2s sceneceerne 508 Halistylus columna, new species of mol- ANTE Ht Pbesonoosocce ceases cooecs 508 Tie es A508 oebocodocoodeeeceapcbscBDaccDs 341 WW SenadoeceBasceqcnenosots 508 Halobates wuellerstorfi .........--..----- 194 bilincCabustececaq-sececeseeree 508 Halocypselus evolans............-.------ 180 CLOCALUSs - ou = ooceeeececicee sels 508 Eta MaLaULV ee CLISGS o-cclscow cae cocnecicasnns 517 CLUCIV ellen. acseeee eee ee 509 HAM AAlIV acco camtisceencepsisisls tacice Societe 592 descriptus2 sce. sees eee nee 509 Harbrocestum auratum .........-.-.-.--- 578 GUbINS Haseeno ee cee eeeeiae 509 Harenpula arcuata.................------ 645, 646 GCCIESIASTICNS ac cesses ereaaee 509 callolepisiess-ccesese=s escort 647 LOn@ipalpis! ss. cee ene eens 509 Clupedlairess-seeeeceeee seen 617 marmoratus .......---...-....- 509 LMA PMs eee og oopoeesnocconod 646 (Aten Ree seeaocoodocsadeccaseos 509 HOU AN Berrys cs cetataiel oe afore saeaiets 646 TEN CS sor enteccons soodadccdace 509 macrophthalma <2. -2--<-s05 645, 646 PY LMU) coaene eae eeee eee cee 509 PONSACO]D 2222 2c saccesencisewss 646 TamMulOSuS)es-eeeieea ae eee 509 Sardinaye tee. asses oe iseete 647 trilineatusce soccer acess ne 509 Harvey, Rev. M., on Newfoundland...... 45 Vanegatus).caeccssese ss s-eoe 509 PAS ATIUS NO VI seco cece ce este sees 572, 578, 579 VOSP Accs aavmeciet eee cise cess 509 Pay kullii ) | lsocardiidas esas. cess-- seeeee seas eee 266 Holmes: Wi). Hes. 22. 2. csccecaccst ea eooee 369 | Isodermus patagonicus ..........-....... 200 Hotocentri dtc a. celeeccectececace oece. ees 648 | Itabapuana River, Tinactor fuscus found Holocentrus ascensionis.......-.....----- GS Spal near careac ce ence oae Renee er 29 HOMal ais CYANCUS) <. ccc. ccm cciecemais 578, 576, 578 septentrionalis...........-.- 576 | J. Hood Island, birds from...........-...-.. 119, 124 | Tuering VE sont 8 wee ee 93 ; ; JUTMED I 9 De he James Island, birds from ..............-. 119, 123 = aed i crayfish......-.----.--. a4 fale tronics ee eee 179 CHNGe, IDE tea deoheadagaosokeneSdeouasses i a olf ci 1s Sie Wo eee ‘ Howard, L. O., on insects of Albatross sf eae Peet ti te, Cn 363, i Be OMe ra herman aneple= na elane = == end idlervasi island, birds from .2.--e-seesseees 119 Howley, James JE Gas Sas SSS a ulocusimitrata seo. os =e es eee 579 Hyctia pikei os ee ae ea ira RL ee learones) Dp Wan ticee cece cc oen esac eee 14, 119 Hydrecia, larva Of....+.+2--20----------- 196 Jondan- DriDs Seas ects eee 619, 620 = a jean ie ae ae aaleee ag aaa ai | on Albatross collection of De COREE ULE eases Pace ssigeislocire ras fishes ..: 2...2:.222-5- 6452059 tne aa ale ed CaO ae on fishes from Galapagos See ee ceros ne? © 22ac ct irsS=sisise's Taland2. 5-2) oe 149-183 ae dodes Here Sasha eee Fi on yellow-finned trout... 453 ymenoptera...-.----.=-- , 197, 202, 205, 206, 2 : ania Knigr Hyolithes AMOLI CAUSE Sean eee eee eras 38 | ae slessie as hoy it oi ee a SeRicty wee ee Soe oe UNOWIA) f COVEN Asseces cee nis seee eee 205 PURINES) ts) oss capacbos cosas anene 39 K. similis, new-species of shell -- 38 terranovicus, new species of Karsch, Fr., works on spiders by.....--. 589 Sit enseerercansoscdecansoce 37 | Kathetostoma averruncus, new species of EM DOCH CEO cere tele satan aioe rate ela 497, 503 ths) NeeeeeocicoUepeeeacsiccc 1635, 182 Ey OC biltSieeeeceecmes(oeeeneiee seeiaa eee 497 He Gyeseneossescaonease css 377 thorelliitesss Seoacert casos. s 0S) | calla. DITA LOM a s2s> cones cease emer 163 Myptiotes cavatus:-so2...cesecccececcet sce 553,|| Kelliella (militaris))2-\/s.e--.2seeseee= 267 Kernel a, 01S) sesereeee eaten eee 369 I. Keyserling, E., works on spiders by-...-- 589 F A P Knowlton, F. H., on genus araucarioxylon 601-617 vebaewnon Ae ce dy ema iy age | Knudsen, Valdemar, birds collected by-. 377 Be ee sic enhcies 390 | Koch, C., works on spiders DYcseete -ccice 589 Tryin ee oe) oat 202, 205,387 | Koch, Ludw., works on spiders by.------ 589 Thine albovitkatus 20... Calardets . 571 | Kuhlia arge, new species Of fish}ees-ee 159, 18L CONVO ZENS see see nesee a senece By ene 576 Lenore Ce a re eee Seen age pe CTASHLVONTCE. «22-5 econ neccae ccc one 571 | Kunz, ennee a Sin tt a eee a ae Biba ee Sei a 571 | Kutoyina labradorica, var. swantonensis, ; AN GatL Se ee ee eee he 71, 573, 580 | new variety.--.--.----+-++-+-+--------- 36 MM EEAUUS iaeclaiciacecicisclscclciaeisbeso. 571, 573, 579 iy MIPTOMACUlAGUS S- -s.a6eeacde esc c- esa 571 | Wal MAUI ene ese cale x tame see. ates 571 IGE NEG be Nee Seo secocursoococodone obarent 650 piraticus LE ee SR one a a 571 Labulla altioculata...-......... tee teeeeee 530 ML GLAL US ee eater 571 | Lampronota puritana, new species...---. 450 Ferenc eee eee eee ete) 130) 132) || LaMmpylld2e!. sece et: see aoe aeeeceee eae 206 670 INDEX. Page. Lancetes premorus..............-..-.--- 198.) Lichanura. trivireatace..-cc. 22+ ae eee ee GPG) op ooddesors Beseoo SogsSconeas faste 116,139 | Light, influence of, in ocean depths ....-- TLarimus argenteus........---...--...- ate 181 |Sicusticanr Scoticunt +. seo se-2=4-ee- se DLOVICOPS cmicet somite ee ee are 1617649" | hioyrus tumulosus’ << 2c -c.ce< cme a> a! pacificus, new species of fish...161,181 | Liliacez ....-..--.--..----...------------ Qarinia nigrifoliata ...........----..----- 54 | eimeea Brownlana -<..-. nano ao pe eee arus delawarensis 5. sos «)--2-+ssaaeaae M17) | deimatulaisetiferacssa-cic---- oe eee er GOMINICANUS teh nee ois ee eae TBD). |) ihe eee ceceeoncnacsocasoSoNenoSSATBe c fuliginosus .... 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,128 | Limneria, analysis of new species of ..--. PLAUCODES 3-22 eee eee ee cee 139 Belfragei, new species. -....---- TAN ROLL see ke ce wee see eee seers 526 brachyura, new species --....--- JOR ETO Ea nano Addacinioscocesene sbododesas 502 consimilis, new species ..------ StLiatipes|s---- eee eee 208 cupressi, new species .--:.----. masseola-cancellatws..s hee -cecen ees colar 523 erythrogaster, new species..... Waterigvadw --s-ccseccsscnasae sees aes 554 erythropus, new species ....-.- WathrObiwa MM. e060 seece cs esesshices neceseas 206 eurycreontis, new species.-...- Lathrodectus geometricus ........--.---- 522 eureka, new species ......-.-.. MACtANS eee seasons ses by?) euure, hew species ..-.-..-.... Mathyrospalustnisy. 2-2 s 1 se aes eee = Py lif ferrugineipes, new species .--.- satinns ee enUstase see = ce sce eee cee eee 318 flavicincta, new species ...-....- Latreille, P. A., works on spiders by .--.- 589 gelechiwx, new species...--..-.. Latrodectus apicalis ............- beecels ae 208 melanocoxa, new species --..--- MAC tATIS See ee st oeece coe eee 208 noctue, new species..-......-.. SCCMOM een enace cea cee meee 208 nigricincta, new species .....-- Lawrence collection of birds.....-..----- 8,9 nolx, new species......-..-..-. MAWLCNCO; Miso ac alesse ose s oe see cce esse 25 occidentalis, new species ...... Leach, W. E., work on spiders by ....-.--- 590 cedemasiz, new species ....---- Ada BTOOKEL (sco 2ce/s oa cisins oi eintet ere iniel ate aie 253 Pattoni, new species ......--... cestrota, new species of mollusk.... 235 peratinnis, new species ....-...- platessa, new species of mollusk.... 256 pterophore, new species. .----- pontania, new species of mollusk... 257 salicicola, new species .......-- OCI rains ener ce Seenen ccs ees, setae 251 sessilis, new species.......----- MeeterorisesliGrAGn ase aes cnccieee eee 101, 145, 330 | solenobiz, new species......--- eee hOMaS cease secs ee = eecinemrns ene =e 101 | Linell, M. L., insects determined by..-... JOG pu Tn Fe) ope sepeesondoseseceoOre oe 5s6 O17) | Bingulidie...scsacceeesseee te eee eee é Lepidogobius gilberti........----.--..--. 363 | Linneus, C., work on spiders by......---. Lepidoptera. --..----- 186, 190, 194, 201, 205, 206, 207 | Linyphia alpina....... SES eee par acne Mepthy planes. 2 --scsac-ee emma ee 526 | anculitateconcsscscscsceuaee oe CLV PUL CO lbenno ee 528 OTCHICA = oases oe nsec sesame MUsciola) esses eee eee ee 528 BUCUATA esa aees coe =e re ese tasear NevwlOsaere-ee eee eeee ss 52 AUP YVTLOUES |= seis ene sae eet tae eel Leptodactylus ocellatus..-........--.---- 143 antumnalis-s2ss-e-s5- oreo = ee Leptophidium brevibarbe-...... Sanbedose 172 bucculenta. ...... SE RO OEE AO Ge (promi OM sees ee 173 Diam Atal seceseine= sees eects prorates, new species of IDLOVIPOS! 2. -c062-~ o- = nen sane ISN etter ene aos ae 172, 182 canadensis .2----=-f2sc6.c-seere IEG OUNB Pe peccactnaSco osesen sctotscecbar 532 Clathratas-cecs.ss-saeeeeeeeee oe Lestes simplex...... SERED ECEOOLEDOCOneSe 207 coccinea << - asses tee sates WGOSCLIS POMALIN Goa teem a retsleretel e/a elele r= l= 189 COMMUN Seem e eee eee seein Leucania from Straits of Magellan.-.-..... 201 Complicatar ceswceese= seeeee Soe: Leucopeza semperi .-.......-....--.--.-- 129 Concolon=es- aa Jue See aaee = Leucophea surinamensis ....-..----.---- 194 CONTORtR see acal ees s eee Gnesec c Leucosyrinx Goodei, new species...-.-.-.- 300 COStAL Sone see cee ese enee emer persimilis new spe- G@ignaie.. Sascegec see en eeeeeeese GlOS? asec eee 301 drassoidé¢s). 22-32 =--s- esse sees TENOCETASH R= cece memes 302 (Dyplostylum) magellanii, new Wiernillitti =< es eatsemecees 302 SPCClOSeeceet- masts oseee eee Leucozonia cingulifera. ........--..- wesc 318 emertonil =2-.52-----= eee Saciee (UCNETM. -speaaSonesdiocesseace 318 fru ChUOSAa) .osese sera Sse eee Laibellulids ee sacece ce nimis =< «= =e osnminm einai 190, 194 gaAlbeOa ne. Vasc 3 2b msc cemesesee Lichanura, key to species of ..-........-- 98 grandpevasy.- se. scassseesee sees TM YLOLG PIS) se alel-i= se cle miele 97 | ANG OL bate e stelle ee eee ete ea orcutti, new species of snake. 96 | INSIONIS ao anee ces see eedette ROSCOLUSCA ere ease asa 98 lemniscata) = ss-.scesee=e-eaeeeee simplex, new species of snake 97,58 lineatass.3.32ecchs-eacem eee cess : 250 428-430 435 430 4395 437 434 431 ASA 436 433 Adz 436 BS 7 430 437 ASE 431 AS 436 ASS ASS 435 437 A3S 433 185 232 590 527 527 ao aan pwn ww a anne ww wh Nn 94 a | ao 4 on bo bo a | Linyphia litigiosa............---..------- luctuosa ...... Mandibulatare sas co.cc. eee MIEN Phang eaGoee RS esOUBeeeS marmorata...-. Taigaicte shee wels moje MLCT tesicn ie -\seriieste’= ae se arons PUAN CBee pons ofa araiars op] acts wisici wim siecle nebulosa...... neophita NIGVINDyccemcisnessc orophila.-... eiscce < phrygiana pusilla ...... eet Mei os Seca cles. pyramides..-..52.0.5---- tsierysje's TCADA chee rcise ered aicicminwicle o'<)s.2 reducta TOUICUTAbA = 529 HWOMINTVONAK viajes sryaeael seit wai aie 529 TUDTUPLOUS 26.5 22). alamo sere peeeee 529 VALUEGAN sos cteCersteicre siete siasietorsioe senvere 4 Hei || Wsncinacea.c3 2... oSee ce dsetone dcceeleee eee Me 529) |) Wucina, COstath.-—c2-s--msasneee sees Pee 529 lemueotyn ai. 222--ose= SISO OoUOe : 529 pectem ....-.----. Haswoeb dass eeos6 529 SQORINAUAN emma eee niece = eee 560 529 | SOMDLELEUSISS. = -neee coe cece ene 3 529 | SQUAMOSA aeene aes e eae a satel 529 | trisculata :o-2. INDEX. 673 Page. Page. WMiglord sapesasectes tacsce aces sesh beness cece 187 | Microplophorus magelianicus ............ 199 Menemerus’cruciferus -...-.............- 975 | Micropogon altipinnis.........--......... 181 LOWEN) < ob beaacseee sete aes 576 | FOUINIELI, cc eeas sesso ee ee 649 galapagoensis, new species.. ‘O08 | Micryphantes.............--..--sceseeeee 532 melanognathus .........-. 575, 576,579 | Migadops ovalis .........2-.--.-eee+eeeee 197 Paybulhssseec.c22 5.5.2. 576, 678 || Miltioidss.):.-2:- sucesso sadse a) een es 592 Menge, A., work on spiders by -.--....-.- 590 | Milvago chimango...... eet eee eee 136 Menidia gilberti, uew species of fish. .-.. 155, 180 | Mimetus epeiroides .........-.....--.---- 524 Suahemalensis.....--.-.--+2----. 155 INTOMeCtO Lee eee eee eee 525 ACM YOM Se cemeteries eis)--- Afe)=\~ = => 155 Syllepsicus sees eee ee ee eee eee 525 Menopon fuscofasciatum.-................ 189 taberosts! s32tee eee eee 525 NGMILCITVHUS NASUS)scccmmmcocewiccce ss sses USI Ne Meinai dias 2 ocn eos chert ee ee eee 102, 129 IMGKINION AIS seesae eee cecace cqcccss. e's 5230) Mimuluglnteusee.o-secee eee eee eee 218 GRMN ae tlACHIS( ssemceasecccee sce s <2 2 582 53° |ieMirand acct ee kee eee 542 JON UENIE i GS ose oaoeeo seoees sees 53 | Misumena alabamensis............--.---- 556 maculipennis, pew species of in- GMericana ee eee eee lee eee 556 SOG i aemeinera tela citieie Sclerosis isisersis 48, D4 CONSPEPSAia sacs csee eerie reer 556 meo-Mexic¢anae-<- <5. 222-5... 0- 54 iePois tease ceaseeecaeeenee 556 texana, new species of insect .. 48, 53 Gu biasc-e5s- 22 cea cease 556 WiGyalDb Oe, digOk Sa. bees Sees 634 BGOLLIANA, oes sio 536 | Museum of Comparative Zoology........ 1, 619 CAVED AWE ett MeO ce ed 5389 | Myacea, subordep....cccccecccccnecsssves otiy aga Proe. N. M. 89——43 674 INDEX. Page. Page. Myadestes obscurus -..-...-------------- 383 Nesomimus, melanotis ------..102, 119, 120, 122, 123 tOWDSONCI Co -ss. 204 UNCOOL . ce ccoccckwceecs sees sees 503 | Viridans (.c0- << seises= ces taeseee 194 My palodontas--.-s-<-9 540 Poli esas sae wc Ss cue ee 2 505 gracilis. .....------------++9---> 540 Pholcomma hirsutum........--.---+----- 532 reduviana .....-----------+--+-- 540 rostratuis; = 180 | Progne concolor .....-...--------- 105, 119, 122, 128 Pocilus calathoides......-...------------ 19}; ||) Propinqua w.ttos..ceeeses seek ee eee eae 507 Pecilochroa bilineata.........------.---- 508 | Prostheclina cambridgii .--..--...------- 573 Montana: =...-os2sss~252ec0e5 508 | Prosthesimaatra -.... hte Bea erat ars 507 varievatal -<-<.+---=5=-ace= 3 508 | bicolor:3225- 222 Shiheeeeress 507 Pocilonetta cristata .........------.2..2% 138 | bimaculatas=<22-sto25.sesee 507 galapagensis... 285, 120, 121, 122, 125 Gepressas seen cose nae ers 507 Peecilonitta bahamensis.....--..---.----- 115 | 6ceclesiasticas<*------.-ss-25 507 TEGUNEGS 32268 Jago ddododdSsoeosedceasssase 191 | ROMNGS tele ae eee eee eee 507 Oly POrUms AROS eee selene 136 melancholicatec: assess sees 507 Polycirrliusidumerili---.----------------- 181 Protoparce calapagensis, new Lepidop- PELUSNUS nse cs eae eee == 162 berases ce eas sete ce ccna 195 rathbuni, new species of fish. £6,181 cinculatacetssscteces sea oeeeis 165 ApPPLOXIMAN Sy one eesemee =r 180 | Protopharetra polymorpha. .-....-.--..--. 33 Opercularis-s-aesesseseseee 180 | Protopitys buchiana .......--.-..--...--- 609 WIP TIMI CUS emacs iinae eae Earn hihn Se odesoeecrctiatdasoodeesseacs6 369 IRolyconaceme=sesesase sms. a oeleeeiaa mee aees DIS s | MP eoudaclOssaiere = s=ceeeeeieeeeeteas cee 196 Polygonum viviparum: --:--.--2--------< 218 | Pseudamusium strigillatum....-..------- 250 Palymemidie ose ese eee ete ee ees eee 648 | Pseudicius hardfordii...............-..-- 571 Polysphincta rufigaster, new species-.-.-. 4497 | Psittirostra psittacea .......-.-....------ 386 IBOMABCENULUS Gace cemacccos= sess ce eiee see 182 | Psolcessa buddiana, new species of insect. 48,61 Pomadasis elongatus.......--.-...--.---- 181 eurotia, new species of insect.. 48,62 lenciscus.-=.2hss5225-0-e0-= ~~ 181 ia dnabi ey Paqaeind a saEReSaccia= 61 macracanthus ....--..:..2.... 181 | Ptenoglossa, superfamily....-...--------- 332 Rom plidbicess sccese hacen see hee eee iaeee me 190, 207 | Pteronotus phaneus........-------------- 330 Bam pilus sesct ose see eee see rere ner canes 202i) Pteroptochid es seecmeres mets etere= sien eee 135 Porichthys margaritatus.---.--.-.--..--- 171 | Pteroptochus rubecula......-...--.------ 135 nautopwedium, new species of 1 nbAU eee See Oe oOee Hees oceivaspessacjeras 191 fish: << acseeeeeeeeeee encores 171,182 | Puftinus brasiliensis ....--.-------------- 138 Poromya cymata, new speciesof mollusk. 289 CUM Ga bUS heen = nemiemie eters 377 (Dermatomya) mactroides.---.-- 291 aN EGA) > KE Seqsoonoasedseoboder 377 microdonta, new species of mol- MID{Ol ee esee ees secs see aee eee neces st!) ING ea eecpinor Sones adenoma eer 290 | Pulmonata, order ------ 2-522. 2-525---=-- 299 BUDIOVIS) aacceses ee x Saltigrads :......--... Rajidz, new species of..........--..----- 149 S MErad glia Cashes oS 568 RA oe ee ee eae alix reticulate). asssecectess teeeseeo eee 218 Ranula azalea a INES a eee Ee oe ae ee 182 salva Osbert SS 5, 8, ee |e on wma a 102 BEATA toGoriea 394 | Sambucus racemosus..............--..--- 217 Ranunculaceex .... ck i ; ; = ese i 217 Santa Lucia, birds from .......-.---...-.- 129-139 Ranunculus occidentalis. ....-....------- 21% Surcontaeiads Shove On eee ee ea Rathbun, Richatd|.:..:--.<0.s<--<-0-+-c, 149,163 | © Hite iiss eae eee nee Pe i ek 203 arotes regius ROCURVAROSUBIG DS cae e cieleoeica seine elsiccicinciats 116 BO Les ke ais Soft Na ass ign rae a aes ge ee 560 Reed.J.E 597 WENATOLIUS ete aicieie =ieleisielee bitemee ates 560 SOs Jane Se ccc mares = acre a oeeaiseins Someiaie yeise : Reticlarleeee cot eee Bpgenieecgoy ee oe ee or ee 26 viedo ae elle Og 554 Satilatlas marsKileces cer ssc soeeeecere eee 531 Reuss; A., on spiders --2.-<\.-52.--2- m=. 590 Saturnia lyadeti:---- Wis are 201 Reynolds, Elmer R..........-----+-+- Be 008 | te Soe ar eee aca aut Rhachiglossa, superfamily ..-..--.-.----- SUG) hep ee a le ea oae ree aL tn eee Boe ad ee 576 SEE pe cose soosee ose sooda se ssssoused. 532 Rhipidoglossa, superfamily .--..---.----- 340 aoe : ur Si aa Se cae lal pe Rhododendron Kamtschaticum..-....--. 218 Seicaee seas Scere eR oy ace ade aut Whomales miles. - 92 ce = qacccmawiece c= 205 Sais se ae at ae arcade: ts tee ang Rhyephenes levirostris.....--..--------- 199 Bee eS HT ot ee ne Pe Ridgway, Robert, on Albatross collection pergola tia: ie A ee ee ae aie Ps oe ee 101-139 | Scala babyloniai.---— = =~ -- eee nen ae 332 on birds from Galapagos CO ue So sn se ke , og Télands 101-128 pompholyx, new species of mollusk. #832 sae Neen ee x on genus Sclerurus.... 21-31 a ee REN aE ne yey, 2 84 on genus Xiphocolaptes 1-20 Scapkander interruptus, new species of Pipeaeaseur 7 85 MOMMSkio esse ew seees aes eee ume 297 TE tra (CS ieee Orn 47,387 | | ODI ee aaearscam a rie, Rimula subgenus et 357 Scaphandrid Ce eS a. ie ate te ata td eh 297 Ri Sddeo Scere eile 33g | Scaphella? brasiliana...--.....-...-.---. 312 ke - * CS ee at a, oct rm gage ta 523 Scaphella magellanica.........---- ------ 311 pee SE OS Ee te Eyota thin ae 217 Scaphopoda...-.-----.---------+-----se--- 293 Stee pee atieeer 647 | Scapteriscus vicinus.....-..-...-..------ 205, 206 =e Berane ie Fi ee eae 917 Scarabeidw...... se eee cece e cee ese cesee= 191, 206 : : Scarus acwtus) 2seen ee seeesecewemaate net 650 Rumex occidentalis. -....-..--.---.-+----- 218 i ere 650 Runcinia brendelii...........--------- --- 556 ae ie ies he 650 Runula, new genus of fish ..-......------ Wem |p. ogee to aa ie eee aolanot fisl ; 171, Sceloporus zosteromus........+--+-------- 147 2 ee mis LS ea ana 35 | Schaupp, BY, Gi... 202-222 eee nnn ene eee nee 55 CASO PLY CUS y napalaiata jm min mips ania! s!a'n jai cinieim ine shis "ered le POPOR ccf os oe ec eome 193 Rust, William P., fossils collected by .... 363 | Schistocerca me nove ia ea SM ge gale | BOR eae aoe eetee sereeeseeene 2D ETSI ee oc Pye Schizoloma confusa, new species. -.-....-- 426 BAPONAC EUS Kem ainn\a)-/c)cj0 2 ss *\= r= Seisnd iMICODS' oss eee oon ee eee ecenenes 181 s ty pica... see ece eee = ee -iem ele == 181 ° ; x Solidi ces eawacdcmeee eee nese eee eee 149, 649 Sabatia bathymophila..........-.-------- 998) | Sclater, Dr. P.L.--...-...-- BOS meron oor 21, 25 Sadala Cistinctaestenpeccneremen--- s-'---6 571 | Selerognathus glaciale.......-.-.----+--- 198 STILINUTIOUR Aa oe te nee eines om =o eicciea''= 573 | Sclerurus, characteristics of..--...------- 21 680 INDEX. Page. ; Page. Scierurus, key to species .-.....---------- 22. | Selinum Hookeri.:<25..s-2s-ce=cacseoeeee 217 albooulariss{22-. eeeeberee a 21, 22,24. | Semele cancellata.¢=--5.-25--s--cc. scents 274 PIUNNGUS! ase ses eses eS eeeee ts 22, 29 MUuCuIOMM eS -aosse2cesee ee eee tees 274 CADILUATISes- -sseeee eee eee 22, 24 TOviCpaibac. pa wes AeL eee EER EEe 274 Candacutus= + sce. seheesreee 22,93. .SPig a0.) Semelide 206 0 oak san eleanor ie 274 USCIS sc-o see eee 22,28 | Senecio pseudo-arnica..............------ 218 guatemalensis......-.-----22, 25, 29, 30 resedifolins esc smaee aeieetee 590 Scomboer colias ce. cee ce- seems ei eesem se 180 | Singa maculata..-....---..--------------- 549 Scomberomorus cavalla..-.-..-.--.------ 648 | MAUL = oe dese soe secre ee Ree 546, 549 mMacwlatws esses ase 180 | molly byrne® <- 2 =. - 22 -c-ebece oer 549 Scambmg eso. sss-cerassceetiae. = = siceeis 648 | MigvTipes.c.semascosesaccseceeece see 549 Scopoli, J. A., on spiders .......-.-------- 590 | PIALCNSIS\ ose c- oe ee hase eee 549 Scorpzna fernandeziana ...--.----------- 165 TU DCM aE som mate cee ale ae a eee 549 PTANCICONNIS| 2s --< eee eae 652 | Van BYruyselliins a scaen-© sees eee 550 HIStliOn eee ssn eee eee eee oe 182: || iSipho, subgenus. ---.- .o.s2sa-50 eoeeseeee 323 plumieri so. 2oas5s-pins2 255526 652 | Siphonaria ferruginea..-..-.---- Vekeoeeee 299 russula, new species of fish...165,182 | Siphonariidw....-............-----.------ 299 SONOGD, -c ace cs asiecsstsvaxcecee 165 | Siphostoma rousseau-.......+......------ 647 Scorpenidee es pene aes. see ase eee aes 849,651 Smith, John B., on Noctuids -.-......-.-- 455-496 Scorpions, collected by Albatross ..-..--- 211 | Smith, Miss Rosa, new snake from ....... 97 Scotogramma, characteristics of genus... 461 | Shige ICIS aioe poe sdocecscociogsesrendec 17 INCONCINNA = 604 een eee 463: | osmocek, Proisdl Cossack: seeeea eee one 595 MELPIOXA | ose sesame) eee 463 | Snakes, new species of!....-..---=.------ 95 PhOCae cae. = esseroseeer ee 463 Solariella actinophora, new species of mol- IPLOMUG See eee mass slsaeeee 463 | NEG) ea Gabesnonc Mieebaepes nee 353 stretch}i..o<-n-s05S5-eeeeae7- 464 DMNA DIN Stee a aes ake ene ae 352 SUDMATING .<<<5e5eccer sees 462, 496 clavate. 612 ioe asSece oaeneeree eee 352 TMMDTOSA «sas. cosncssesscce 464 | infundibulum ----eeceseeee ee 349 Serophulariaces c-ose.---=-se-<-—= aaa 218 oxybasis, new species of mol- Scudder. 'S: H., on spidersss-ccee—---0--=- 590 IGE eee cosestesasosscesal see c 352 Seyllina peregrans ..-225- 3 -2ssstesaeoneee Pie so brn G ES Sas seen secre nce se pacewocmenccac 336 Scytalopus albifrons ---2-2-.-.acince-o-5- 135 | Solarium bisulcatum......-.-----.------- 336 magellanicus-.222s2-e-6=-=-- 135,| jsolenoconchiac- =. 2. ---see-eeseeee eee 293 ObSCULUS £22282 coe eee eee een 135 | ‘Solenomyacea'..2- ---cceacoss se eee see 247 SoviOlesine tone se occa eee ee ae eee cere 505 | Solenopleura harveyi, new species of fos- CaMmerabuss: -oceeeeeeeeencerees 504 | BY epcneaasasnc ocbecacbesics 45, 46 (horacicasas...<0cssee haces eens 504 howleyi, new species of fos- DUVbOCIC ier oo hecese eee sceseee ....208, 498, 504 peer roreaoe socosbeisn sec 45 SeytOditOrMisesecce ossemanseeee 552 Sina: eee | et oe 486, 496 OXGONSBi..< -ececs scene eeeeees 552 pectinata...... tos HEA se 481, 496 fimbrista .:.2<.cscenccte nese 552 perbroannes_=s2=- 22-0" te 478, 496 Arias tiliseeeameme neler -- 552 perediaz.: 0s sbeessclee zene 478, 496 ACS rece ee ae eae 552 porforata..-s<. ose eae 481 WEY eesanbnscgane see Sab be 552 PRBSOS so sses tees eRe te se 488, 496 prallatov cs os conemcisaeaceiee 552 pafwlayccsesscesoce uence 5 5 MOO AES illinoisensis=..---sasencc-e oe 552 eubtusculajees: - sessenne ee 485, 496 laboriosa ...---........----- 552 subterminalis .-........-.-.- 496 VAQG0bA oni =o eaeaineiamie 552 subterminata).2622.° sieen..-- 488 lutea) o2- 532 sc-eeeeeeeaee 552 SUMOSSE~ 2 oo ce ee ee ae Gone ood Banctitata si\c<5205<=csencme 552 terminalis ss5.2- sees ace: 496 | Sifamines, .2-- 4. ts.saseecese 552 terniinata 225% (52 see eas 485 ITANSZOIGES a. soos eee 552 URTOTMIS \a2 7-0 ease ele eee 479, 496 VeGLMILGEMUs <2 -cineceaeeee= 552 utahensis® ss-t=<24-2) ascot 482, 496 VeELslGOlOR |. sna s<\se= anc soe mes 552 Tenioglossa, superfamily...............- 334 | WIOLR. COB) Pine aise seinece mele scene 552 Fonioptera pyrope --.c.. - 2225244262 525 132 VALOIS asamet emer seectea 552 Taraguira torquata ...--:--..2< .22 22522 =. 141 | BOW Ais - <<< ss. saeco ena taesa eae eee 272 longipalpisscee.-22-4-4-84eeeer 513 Tellkampf, on spiders ..-......-..------- 591 Marmorata ... 2.6 occeee conn enae 513 INDEX. Page Thargalia ornata.......--..--.----------: 514 | Theridium roscidum .........-.-sea0s+--- NMOS, GSsdee eoncOsonBoccsrpooe 514 WUpicola....2| Nritoninm soect tan. ce eee ee eee 334 Magniceps ---------.-....-.-.--- 558!) Privittatas: 22. occecscee eee eee 542 rubromaculatus.-.-....----. B Soke 558), Trochids . cc. co. eae ee seo eet a ee ee 341 PRMOGCUS eae seamen teen -- 532 || Trochilids . 0222 sescsc on ceces eee 130, 135 bidentatus ...-.2..-<.:-...-..-- 538 Trochosa VALTER 2 nas once ee 564 DOSLONCNSIS| ceo -ee eee 538 CiINOLEA Se cee ee 561, 564 DEUNNOUS. 223-2250. seo ese esses 534, 538 Nelvapes: cen css sess. eee eee 564 CONCAVUS: conse sco: ac aston seca 538 rabicunda ce. . 2 aso eee nee 564 Contonuus, 2.2. «22 - ss seweeece te a= 538 vattac 2 eee eee 564 longisetosus ....-.-..---------- 935 | "Erochusalwine.--2202sse cesses oe eters 353 MAXIMUS..----------++-++--+--- 538 (Margarita) infundibulum......- 349 microtarsis...--..---.---------- 538 Troglodytes hornensis ....-..--. .-.....- 131 montanUs .---------+------+++-- 533,538 | ‘Troglody tides <2. s.. cece sesseeeneee 647 Trachynotus ovatus ...--.--s-..0ssee=.--- 648 SOLA ATI Ni ee ee ee 180 | Tramea from Albemarle Island......-... 194 Terannide jooeoc sek esas eee 112, 130, 132 Treat, Mary. on spiders See on ee ieee 591 Tyrannus Tostratus's 243 quinquepunctatus ------------- 595 | Yoantharia sclerodermata.....-.--------- 33 stomachosws -.----------- PERC ce 959 | Zonibyx modesta. .......-.---------+---+- 137 triguttatus-..-------+-+------- 555 | Zonotrichia canicapilla.......------------ 132 variabilis -.....---+++----09---+ 555 | Zora californica, new species....-.------ 208 vernilus..-----+--+++++-+++++--- 555 latithorax, new species.-.----.----- 208 y Zygoballus bettina-.-.------------------- 577 Z sexpunctatus -.--.-.-.--.---- 577 Yellow-finned trout, new subspecies..--. 453 | Zygobranchia superfamily....-.--------- 355 a ae a ' , m ‘ fA'AN\ NA LW Mae 2 m Ap VY aA PY Vy Wale w eae panini ae nae amare ‘iu eae a RANMA AS aaah nah ii a Do Annneanone’ val | rs BERRA RERAC oh Ar A er An pe ; BRac. 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