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SVITEISONIAN INSTITUTION.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ONITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Wolaime “XX 'V
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON :
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1903.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The publications of the National Museum consist of two series:
Proceedings and Bulletins. .
The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878. are
intended primarily as a medium of publication for newly-acquired
facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of new forms
of animals and plants acquired by the National Museum, discussions of
nomenclature, ete. A volume is issued annually or oftener for distri-
“~tion to libraries, while in view of the importance to science of the
mpt publication of descriptions of new species, a limited edition of
1 paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance.
che present volume is the twenty-fifth of the series.
The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series
of more elaborate papers, issued separately and based for the most
part upon collections in the National Museum. They are mono-
graphic in scope, and are devoted principally to the discussion of large
zoological groups, bibliographies of eminent naturalists. reports of
expeditions, ete.
A quarto formof the Bulletin, known as the * Special Bulletin,” has
been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed
indispensable.
The Annual Report of the National Museum (being the second vol-
ume of the Smithsonian Report) contains papers chiefly of an ethno-
logical character, describing collections in the National Museum.
Papers intended for publication by the National Museum are usually
referred to an advisory committee, composed as follows: Frederick
W. True (chairman), William H. Holmes. George P. Merrill, James
EK. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, Lester F. Ward, and
Marcus Benjamin (editor).
S. P. Lanetey,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
IIL
a
ARLE OF CONDANTS.
Banks, NatHan. A List of Spiders Collected in Arizona by
Messrs. Schwarz and Barber During the Summer of 1901.—
om seenoeptember lOo 1902 Co 2 ee ee et
New species: Prosthesima barberi, Marpissa albopilosa, Discopoma. hir-
suta.
Buscx, Aucusr. ". =. -2 3 Sie. eee
ELA SS HILC OR ee eee eg eee Be a ea
BSN ON UIOCSC CAR ena ops 2 > Mg ee ee
GUO d ONS COUAIMSS ae eee ee es = ee
Gama iOn. enn oben se ber tS al nb ag ee ee
PIMA CHRINUS TONY ae or 2 Se Se
Lateral view of Antigonia rubescens.........-----
Inner side of ‘‘ face bones’’ of Antigonia rubescens
PPCUTOSCITIES ChUPUS' o8 2 227 8. oS a Se Soe es ented oa ee ea ee
4 wry
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Mol dexromcdll evoted 71g O7n CimuUDeSCensis ne ee oe eileen sels oe eee
BLO RIN a at fae hae ee eee ah So elas aka ciee a dsincia ne sseneee ses sevens
BES Gt OSUCTNTLONLCUD SO CCS een seer tay ET Pot rae en etare jae Sree fer nais Sate cee serene
SU OSKCTIUIN Ue CLECORUUUM Ves =o pay Ate Notere fn fone Stee ae a oe so terns o Soe Sas eee ae
PEST OLO WD LUSHULSUNTULUS =f aes otaze A ae te See ee areas yas ahaa a stn ceererole wa wlercrao Nis sacks
Right shoulder girdle of Gasterosteus cataphractus from inner side and hypo-
coracoid of left shoulder girdle from outer side -..--.....------.----.-----
Left shoulder girdle of Aulorhynchus flavidus from outer side..----.----------
Left shoulder girdle of Awlostomus valentin from outer side..--.--.----------
Right shoulder girdle of Fistularia petimba from outside .......-...----------
Right shoulder girdle of Macrorhamphosus sagifue from outer girdle ......----
Right shoulder girdle of Holiscus strigatus from inner side
Avsinclercluster of the eggs of Argulus catostomt:=-+...-2..------5--22-22--+--
Boos O1Anguiusmegalops avout ready toshateh:.< 2.265... 0226222 2525-2.
Wanvarot Aroultusmegalops just ready to hatch .52-. 62. -22--542.004-+-255-5-
First and second antenn of newly hatched larva of Argulus megalops.--..---
Second antenna and labial palp of newly hatched larva of Argulus foliaceus
(ano ditiedeiromuS Aus) yee setcic encase nee! aha apee: Seminar nie eee
Anterior maxilliped of newly hatched megalops larva, showing musculature. - -
Posterior maxilliped of newly hatched megalops larva, showing armature
Chitin skeleton of the proboscis of a newly hatched megalops larva......-.----
Abdomen of newly hatched male larva of Argulus megalops...---..----------
Larva of Argulus foliaceus after the first molt (from Claus)--...--...---------
Anterior maxilliped of foliaceus larva after several molts, showing transition
fromuarclawa tovusuckinexdiska (imomiClaus)i 22-25-24. ---5-2s2 sce
Dorsal view of adult Argulus megalops (female)-....-.---..---------------:--
Bordenorsuckime disk im Aryulus amemcanue 2. .-.-225256-2 +b e25-ssecee-s
bordemomsuckmerdiskaimeAngulus megqopseas 222.252 -225-25-.+25-525- 522 -
Posteniornswimming lepot Argulusiamenicanus =... 22-.2-2:--.-.-22222-222---
punrandupoisonslandvot Argulus versicolor 222 Se sche2- 5. sells ii s22 ee 8
Mouth parts and chitin skeleton of proboscis of Argulus foliaceus (after Claus) -
Dorsal view of the heart of Argulus americanus (diagrammatic) -..------
Side view of the heart of Argulus americanus (diagrammatic)
thesmenvousisystem OteA nqnlusiamenicanus!....2-. == s5 2222522 ee et sees
Remale sexual orvans Gl AnQUlUs GMeCMCONUS 5.2222 secs ses eae oe tee Slee
Semen receptacles and papillee of Argulus americanus female, under greater
SM ATS CUCM Gere rere ee ey hectare ew tay ee Ce ecko apie a. Ae
Male sexual organs OLA rquhis amencanus'.. 02. =. elo. ee isso leeet- 2-2 atl .s
BUC asi GILG SHOT ECMO) (LCS Maree Sete este ans sclera yee Sane ronan hn ls ue ene mle UI tesa oes
RUCCHGIELU SS ECULUNLOT Mtn emer neree ens Sele me Gad OS Na ee Maan se ee eS
SOUR OCOMOSSES LO Matyas te parts Ele en Shgea s NN eee YR a 2
OL CAUTURCSUT OMe sean rin ae Feeney i ec hy se A eyes ae a oko eR eo :
RAINES OM ICUS A ere Sane ets aL ge? Sopa e ONS Ton ele cl oe
Calliurichthys japonicus
Calliurichthys variegatus
OH OUETG ILE LU SROLO NEU SSCL S eee SPa ts SP ea Se pea enya Se Rae ie a2 ys As a Be
OO OT TUUSHULUTTCLUU Sweet ien ny meaee Aye AN a neta ee etait Siena Sen ae
ODL RG TEU TIO SHUCLCTLGLCIIIICS erat tee en EL MS Lee e ast one eae ee
OU OIG LUSH LCG IES Seren ee eee ee ye ee ee oid) ers oae
OCU GIN TUSECCULLUS | Camere enn ten Pah Ni aoe es ye Sib a! See eee
COULOT USEING LS eee meer meter (a. ENE TaD SEL NSE scm ele So wane De seseiese
XIII
Page.
570
579
614
616
618
627
628
629
63
652
XIV
i
H go te
i
nS
om KC
10.
12:
ite
14.
15.
16.
Vie
18.
ge
20.
21
99
aa.
BY
24.
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26.
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Facing page.
The:Casas: Grandes ‘Meteorite -..5 250.2) 2 aeons a eee ee 74
Portion of Casas Grandes Mass, etched. .--- ars Se See eee ee 74
Cube; etched, of Casas Grandes arom: . 2.22252 5-5 eee one eee eee 74
Genitalia (of Geucanid 2222 Se bee on Se A ee ee eee 210
Some /ATIZOMa: Spiders. = ac, Jas ceiciae aerate es 222
A newly hatched female larva of Argulus megalops......------------- 742
Thetemaletofwingulaswvatus ss oA= Cs Se Re ae ae ae ee 742
Themaleand female of -Argulusilaticaudat.=- sss ase 742
The male and female of Argulus megalops ...---.-------------------- 742
TMheimalerand wtemale ot-Aroguius alos tease ee eee ae eee 742
Mresmaletand temale of Argiulus catosto mies eee oe eee 742
Themaleand temalevot AnguluswuUndulicee=asee eee eee eee 742
The female of Argulus pugettensis .....------- Rnernter ne eam sees ATI;
The male and female of Argulus lepidostet ........-.---.------------- 742
The male and female of Argulus stizostethit .......--.---------------- 742
The female of Argulus gen. = 222 2 asst oe ee eee 142
The male and female of Argulus maculosus -.....-------------------- 742
Rhemaleyand female ofc Arquiliswersicolopeesse ees ee 742
The male and female of Argulus americanus ....-.------------------- 742
South-Amenicanhmanine cA gili- se ee eee 742
Non-Américan ‘marine Argulis se) acase tS - oeee e 742
Buropean tresh-water-Argulins. sas oseeeeae See ee eee eee eee 742
The genus Dolops from, South, America 425-4. 2 =. 22458 eee oan 742
Microphotographes of North American Argult:. 22-2222 eerie 742
Mheisenus VolopsandeAr-quilius porns] meee ee 742
American Gelechid Moths'~ 2-025 0. act solemn tee tee ne ee eee 930
eee
A LIST OF THE BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
By Henry ULKE.
I. INTRODUCTION.
The following list of the Coleoptera of the District of Columbia is
the result of a diligent search extending over a period of nearly forty
years.
In the fifties, the city of Washington was still surrounded by many
fine woods and lovely meadows, which promised the entomologist and
botanist a rich harvest. In truth, almost every collecting excursion
in those days furnished abundant new material and raised the interest
and enthusiasm of the collector to a high pitch.
With the beginning of our civil war, the woods on the Virginia side
of the Potomac began to disappear, and not many years later the
pleasant fields and woods north and northwest of the city were occu-
pied by city extensions, avenues, and building lots, so that one hunt-
ing ground after the other was captured by advancing civilization.
Nevertheless the right bank of the Potomac, between the Aqueduct
Bridge and Little Falls, remained a rich field for the collector until
quite recently, when it, too, began to suffer from the inroads of the
stone quarrymen and others.
As a result of the destruction of forests and meadows, a number
of beetles seem to have disappeared, which were formerly quite
common, such as Boros unicolor, Doryphora juncta, and Laricobius
erichson?, while other species were introduced with the extension of
agriculture and horticulture. Among the introduced species, some
have multiplied so fast that they may now fairly be considered pests,
such as Phytonomus punctatus and Sitones hispidulus. A large por-
tion of the District, however, still remains unexplored, and only
recently the southeastern region, toward Marlboro, furnished botan-
ists several species not previously enumerated in Lester F. Ward’s
excellent List of the Flora of Washington and Vicinity.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL, XXV—No. 1275.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 L 1
9 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The northeastern region, in the neighborhood of Odenton, should
also be studied more carefully, as, for example, the sand dunes there
constitute the only places where the rare Cremastochilus leucostictus
ras found.
Notwithstanding the attendant difficulties and large extent of unex-
plored territory to furnish a nearly complete list of the Coleoptera of
the District of Columbia, I must acknowledge that success is in part
due to the encouragement of my friend, E. A. Schwarz, who kindly
lent his wide experience and assistance in preparing the annexed
biological notes.
The following important facts have been observed concerning the
relation existing between the local geology, flora, and general fauna
and the occurrence of the District beetles in special.
It is a well-known fact that the distribution and varied habits of
Coleoptera afford such striking features that the general physical
characteristics of any locality can be determined from an average
collection of the beetles of such region.
The number of species found in the District of Columbia, or, more
broadly, in an area within a radius of 20 miles of the Capitol, is not
less than 3,000. This is a much larger number than has been recorded
from local lists of any other equal area in the United States... It repre-
sents about one-fourth of the total number of species now recorded
from North America north of the Mexican boundary.
Let us now examine the physical conditions which form the enyiron-
ment of the Coleoptera here. Z
The geology of the District presents the following features:
Washington City is chiefly built upon thin beds of sedimentary
sands, clays, or gravels of the Post-Jurassic age, covering the Archean
crystalline rocks—chiefly gneiss and granite.
Satisfactory exposures of these rocks are to be found only in the
deep ravines cut by the Potomac and Rock Creek or their tributaries,
since, at the surface of the Washington plateau, their character has
been obscured or obliterated by extensive superficial decay and by
cultivation.
Toward the west the gneisses, which are for the most part granitoid
in character and possess a north-south strike, become somewhat more
foliated and schistose. In many places it appears that the granites
and gneisses have been subjected to extensive metamorphism. Near
Georgetown and Cabin John occur pronounced developments of a
massive dark-green diorite, and in other localities are found bands of
siliceous and chloritic schists. These, however, grade imperceptibly
into the prevailing granite and gneiss, and probably represent the
result of intense dynamic action. Limited occurrences of gabbro, ser-
pentine, and steatite complete the list of eruptive rocks found in the
District. Altogether they contain at least forty different mineral
species.
No. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 5
The soil formed by the decomposition of the above sediments and
rocks is so varied in character that it is able to support no less than
1,400 species and varieties of vascular plants.
Now, as about half of all the beetles depend upon plants for their
food, the greater the variety of food plants the larger we find the
number of species of beetles.
The geographical position and topographical features of the District
of Columbia also largely account for its diversified insect fauna.
The coastal plain deposits, concealing the crystalline rocks of the
eastern and southern portions of the District, are formed into numer-
ous terraces, so that Washington is surrounded by low hills on all
sides, except where the Eastern Branch and southeastern shores of
the Potomac flatten out into marshy grounds.
As the District lies on the border of the crystalline plateau and the
lower coastal formation and at the head of tide water on the great
lowland plain, which extends from New York to Richmond, the local
fauna has the composite character belonging to the upper austral,
lower austral, and the transition zones, or, to be more exact. it has
the facies of the Allegheny, Carolina, and austro-riparian regions, as
classified by Dr. ©. Hart Merriam.'
In a region so restricted and comparatively level, there are of course
no such changes in the temperature as in mountainous countries,
where we find forms of insects on the top of mountains very different
from those below, the former being always of a more northern type.
The appearance of northern and southern forms are here controlled by
the change of seasons, so in early spring we may always expect more
northern types, while in midsummer the southern ones predominate.
There are other local causes which influence the character of our
fauna. The Potomac River every spring carries down quantities of
flood débris from the mountain districts, containing insects which
properly belong to higher elevations, for example, 2hellops/s obcor-
data, Pinodytes cryptophagoides, Carebara longula, Enehodes sericea,
and several Carabide, Longicorns, and Elateride. Southern forms
have been observed chiefly in the middle and eastern part of the
District as along the Eastern Branch, where species were collected,
such as" Casnonia ludoviciana, Cymindis elegans, Thalpius dorsalis, and
several Chrysomelide.
The great attraction of the electric lights for insects has also resulted
in the discovery of certain kinds, whose occurrence here was not pre-
viously known with certainty, such as Omophron labiatum, Clivina
punetigera, Platynus picticornis, Rhantus calidus, Atenius fiqurator,
Pleurophorus ventralis, and Donacia hypoleuca, which belong to the
austroriparian fauna.
'The geographical Distribution of Animals and Plants in North America. Bull
Nat. Geog. Soc., 1895, .
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
To convey a correct impression of the geographical distribution of
the beetles, it is absolutely essential to obtain accurate lists of the
Coleoptera ofthe different sections of this country. The first step in
this direction was taken by Messrs. E. A. Schwarz and H. G. Hubbard,
who prepared the Coleoptera of Michigan and Florida, and their exam-
ple was followed by numerous other entomologists. Of special inter-
est for comparison is Dr. John Hamilton’s Catalogue of the Coleop-
tera of Southwestern Pennsylvania (1895).
There are especially three localities in the immediate vicinity of
Washington which have been very carefully explored by the ento-
mologists: The meadows, rocks, and woods along both sides of the
Potomac and including the river flats across Long Bridge; the valleys
of the Rock Creek, and the banks of Eastern Branch. The richest
collecting ground near Washington has been the rocky ledges and
ravines along the south banks of the Potomac just above the Free
Bridge. The Rock Creek region is also full of interest. The creek
cutting its snake like course here through solid rocks, leaves deep
‘avines and winds its way among mossy sand banks and swampy
meadows, presenting a variety of conditions that always assures the
collector a rich harvest. In striking contrast to the above localities
are the banks of the Eastern Branch, with their extensive marshes
of wild rice. Here a great many species were found not occurring
elsewhere in the District.
Some representative forms of the austroriparian fauna are found
all along the Atlantic coast from Florida to New Jersey, but the
majority do not extend more northerly than the Chesapeake region,
while certain northern species find their southern limit of distribution
in this vicinity.
The following are examples of austroriparian species which find
here their northern limit:
Omophron labiatum, Platynus striatopunctatus and picticornis,
Anatrichis minuta, Celina angustata, Bryaxis belfrage:, Ino reclusa,
Meristhus scobinula, Ischiodontus soleatus, Ozognathus floridanus,
(dionychis indigoptera, Lactica tibialis, Mecynotarsus candidus,
Aylophilus notatus, IHyporhagus punctulatus, Liopus crassulus, Au-
leutes tachygonoides, Ceutorhynchus siculus, Oomorphidius levicollis,
Cheetocelus setosus, and others.
Of Alleghenian forms, which find here their southern limit, we have:
Cicindela rugifrons, Lebia fuscata, [ps confluentus, Boros unicolor,
Laricobius erichsoni, Rhinosimus viridizneus, Carebara longula,
Linchodes sericea, Pterostichus corvinus, Platynus obsoletus, Acalyptus
carpini, and others.
The great bulk of our Coleoptera, however, belongs to the caro-
linian fauna.
No. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 5
As this manuscript was prepared nearly four years ago, papers on
North American Coleoptera that have been published since have not
been taken into consideration. Some of the changes in the nomencla-
ture established in these papers have been inserted, but many others
could not be attended to. :
Everyone familiar with the systematic study of North American
Coleoptera is aware that in many genera of various families we have
a larger or smaller number of undescribed species; the description of
which must by all means be left for future monographs. Such species
are omitted in this list; they are most numerous in the subfamily
Aleocharine of the family Staphylinidee, in the Cioidee, Cryptopla-
gidee, ete.
A local faunal list acquires interest and importance only when
compared with lists of adjacent regions. As to Coleoptera we have
the list by the late Dr. John Hamilton’ on the Coleopetra of south-
western Pennsylvania, and that of Dr. J. B. Smith on the insects of
New Jersey (second edition, 1899.) Both of these lists refer to regions
north of the District of Columbia. Southward we have no compre-
hensive faunal lists of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and
Georgia. The list of Coleoptera of Florida, by Schwarz and Hubbard ®
is also of importance for comparison with our District fauna.
It is very gratifying to find that some of the younger enthusiastic
students in the Division of Insects in the United States National
Museum, and the Division of Entomology in the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, such as H. 5S. Barber and F. C. Pratt, have taken
up coleopterology and already give proof of their success in studying
and collecting coleoptera. No doubt many additions will hereafter be
made to the species enumerated in this paper.
LIST OF SPECIES.
CICINDELID 4s. CARA BID.
1. Tetracha virginica Linneeus. 14. Omophron labiatum Fabricius.
2. Cicindela rugifrons Dejean. 15. americanum Dejean.
35 6-guttata Fabricius. 16. Cychrus stenostomus Weber.
4. var. patruela Dejean. ie elevatus Fabricius.
5. purpurea Olivier. 18. unicolor Olivier.
6. var. splendida Hentz. 19. viduus Dejean.
ie vulgaris Say. 20. Carabus sylvosus Say.
8. repanda Dejean. 7 serratus Say.
9: var. 12-guttata Dejean. 22. limbatus Say.
10. hirticollis Say. 2a: vinctus Weber.
1. punctulata Fabricius. 24. Calosoma externum Say.
12. margiata Fabricius. 25. scrutator Fabricius.
ites rufiventris Dejean. 26. wilcoxi Le Conte.
. }!Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XII, 1895. * Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., X VII, 1878.
Sy}
=
COCs COM Ne INS ats
NES DS :
oe
ve
Oo
2
1
o.
S
2
36.
ol.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Calosoma sayi Dejean.
calidum Fabricius.
Hlaphrus riparius Linnezeus.
ruscarius Say.
Notiophilus xneus Herbst.
semistriatus Le Conte.
sibiricus Motschulsky.
Nebria pallipes Say.
Pasimachus sublevis Dejean.
depressus Fabricius.
Scarites subterraneus Fabricius.
Dyschirius globulosus Say.
hemorrhoidalis Dejean.
sphxricollis Say.
pumilus Putzeys.
pilosus Le Conte.
Clivina dentipes Dejean.
impressifrons Le Conte.
planicollis Le Conte.
punetigera Le Conte.
pallida Say.
rufa Le Conte.
americana Dejean.
morula Le Conte.
ferrea Le Conte.
bipustulata Fabricius.
Aspidoglossa subangulata Chaudoir.
Schizogenius lineolatus Say.
ferrugineus Putzeys.
amphibius Haldeman.
Panageus fasciatus Say.
Bembidium punctatostriatum Say.
littorale Olivier.
inequale Say.
coxendix Say.
levigatum Say.
americanum Dejean.
antiquum Dejean.
chalceum Dejean.
nigrum Say.
fugax Le Conte.
guexti Chaudoir.
ustulatum Linneeus.
picipes Kirby.
fraternum Le Conte.
dorsale Say.
patruele Dejean.
variegatum Say.
constrictum Le Conte.
contractum Say.
affine Say.
4-maculatum Linneeus.
79. Bembidium pedicellatum Le Conte.
_ 80. semistriatum Haldeman.
81. Anillus fortis Horn.
82. Tachys proximus Say.
83. scitulus Le Conte.
84. corruscus Le Conte.
85. pumilus Dejean.
86. leevus Say.
87. nanus Gyllenhal.
88. flavicauda Say.
89. tripunctatus Say.
90. vivax Le Conte.
Oi: capax Le Conte.
92; cvanthopus Dejean.
Jo. ferrugineus Dejean.
94. incurvus Say.
95. var. pulchellus Laterté.
96. granarius Dejean.
ie dolosus Le Conte.
98. Pericompsus ephippiatus Say.
99. Patrobus longicornis Say.
100. Myas coracinus Say.
LOL. Pterostichus adoxus Say.
102. rostratus Newman.
103. rotundatus Le Conte.
104. approximatus Le Conte.
105. diligendus Chaudoir.
106. honestus Say.
107. lachrymosus Newman.
108. coracinus Newman.
109. stygicus Say.
110. moestus Say.
itetale sayi Brullé.
2: lucublandus Say.
ase ebeninus Dejean.
114. caudicalis Say.
115. luctuosus Dejean.
Hels corvinus Dejean.
Hf gravis Le Conte.
one mutus Say.
lis. erythropus Dejean.
120. femoralis Kirby.
121. Evarthrus sigillatus Say.
22s sodalis Le Conte.
123. Amara avida Say.
124. fulvipes Putzeys.
125. exarata Dejean.
126. angustata Say.
127. impuncticollis Say.
128. basillaris Say.
129. crassispina Le Conte.
150. cupreolata Putzeys.
Rao
NO. 12
75. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
. Amara fallax Le Conte.
interstitialis Dejean.
chalcea Dejean.
rubrica Haldeman.
musculus Say.
Loxandrus rectus Say.
minor Chaudoir.
erraticus Dejean.
agilis Dejean.
Diplochila laticollis Le Conte.
Diecixlus dilatatus Say.
purpuratus Bonelli.
ovalis Le Conte.
elongatus Bonelli.
ambiguus Laferté.
teter Bonelli.
politus Dejean.
Badister notatus Haldeman.
pulchellus Le Conte.
maculatus Le Conte.
flavipes Le Conte.
reflecus Le Conte.
Calathus gregarius Say.
opaculus Le Conte.
impunctatus Say.
Platynus caudatus Le Conte.
decens Say.
sinuatus Dejean.
cincticollis Say.
reflecus Le Conte.
extensicollis Say.
decorus Say.
morens Dejean.
melanarius Dejean.
carbo Le Conte.
cupripennis Say.
excavatus Dejean.
ferreus Haldeman.
nutans Say.
striatopunctatus Dejean.
picticornis Newman.
&-punctatus Fabricius.
placidus Say.
bogemanni Gyllenhal.
wruginosus Dejean.
limbatus Say.
punctiformis Say.
crenistriatus Le Conte.
rubripes Zimmermann.
= picipennis Kirby.
lutulentus Le Conte.
182.
18:
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
995
200.
201.
202.
208.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213:
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
Olisthopus parmatus Say.
micans Le Conte.
Perigona nigriceps Dejean.
pallipennis Le Conte.
Atranus pubescens Dejean.
Leptotrachelus dorsalis Fabricius.
Casnonia pennsylvanica Linnweus.
ludoviciana Salle.
Galerita janus Fabricius.
bicolor Drury.
Thalpius dorsalis Brulle.
Tetragonoderus fasciatus Haldeman.
Lebia grandis Hentz.
atriventris Say.
tricolor Say.
pulchella Dejean.
marginicollis Dejean.
viridis Say.
var. mosta Le Conte.
pumila Dejean.
pleuritica Le Conte.
viridipennis Dejean.
lobulata Le Conte.
ornata Say.
analis Dejean.
fuscata Dejean.
abdominalis Chaudoir.
scapularis Dejean.
depicta Horn.
pectita Horn.
bivittata Fabricius.
Coptodera xrata Dejean.
Dromius piceus Dejean.
Apristus cordicollis Le Conte.
subsulcatus Dejean.
Blechrus glabratus Duitschmid.
pusio Le Conte.
Metabletus americanus Dejean.
Plochionus timidus Haldeman.
Pinacodera limbata Dejean.
platicollis Say.
Cymindis elegans Le Conte.
americana Dejean.
pilosa Say.
neglecta Haldeman.
Apenes lucidula Dejean.
sinuata Say.
Helluomorpha nigripennis Dejean.
bicolor Harris.
Brachynus americanus Le Conte.
minutus Harris.
| OO
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
233. Brachynus perplexus Dejean.
234. ballistarius Le Conte.
235. fumans Fabricius.
236. Chlenius sericeus Forster.
237. laticollis Say.
238. wstivus Say.
239. prasinus Dejean.
240. leucoscelis Chevrolat.
241. nemoralis Say.
242. tricolor Dejean.
243. brevilabris Le Conte.
244. pennsylvanicus Say.
245. impunctifrons Say.
246. niger Randall.
247. tomentosus Say.
248. emarginatus Say.
249. ceruleicollis Chaudoir.
250. Brachylobus lithophilus Say.
251. Lachnocrepis parallelus Say.
252. Anatrichis minuta Dejean.
253. Oodes amaroides Dejean.
254. americanus Dejean.
255. Evolenes exaratus Dejean.
256. Geopinus incrassatus Dejean.
257. Cratacanthus dubius Beauvois.
258. Agonoderus lineola Fabricius.
259. pallipes Fabricius.
260. comma Fabricius.
261. pauperculus Dejean.
262. indistinctus Dejean.
263. testaceus Dejean.
264. micros Le Conte.
265. Discoderus tenebrosus Le Conte.
266. Gynandrupus hylacis Say.
267. Harpalus dichrous Dejean.
268. vulpeculus Say.
269. autumnalis Say.
270. erraticus Say.
PAA caliginosus Fabricius.
272. faunus Say.
27% pennsylvanicus De Geer.
274. var. compar Le Conte.
275. var. longior Kirby.
276 var. erythropus Dejean.
277. spadiceus Dejean.
278. herbivagus Say.
279. nitidulus Chaudoir.
280. viduus Le Conte.
281. Selenophorus pedicularius Dejean.
282. gagatinus Dejean.
283. opalinus Le Conte.
284. Selenophorus ellipticus Dejean.
285. Stenolophus carbonarius Brullé.
286. spretus Dejean.
287. fuliginosus Dejean.
288. plebejus Dejean.
289. conjunctus Say.
290. humidus Hamilton.
2K: ochropezus Dejean.
292. alternans Le Conte.
293. Acupalpus hydropicus Le Conte.
294. carus Le Conte.
295. rectangulus Chaudoir.
296. Bradycellus linearis Le Conte.
297. rupestris Say.
298. var. parallelus Chaudoir.
299. tantillus Chaudoir.
300. nigriceps Le Conte.
301. Tachycellus badiipennis Haldeman.
302. atrimedius Say.
303. Anisodactylus rusticus Say.
304. carbonarius Say.
305. agricola Say.
306. nigerrimus Dejean.
307. nigrita Dejean.
308. discoideus Dejean.
309. baltimorensis Say.
310. letus Dejean.
311. cenus Say.
312. sericeus Harris.
313. Nestonotus lugubris Dejean.
314. Amphasia interstitialis Say.
315. Anisotarsus terminatus Say.
316. nitidipennis Le Conte.
317. Spongopus verticalis Le Conte.
HALIPLID.
318. Haliplus fasciatus Aubé.
319. punctatus Aubé.
320. triopsis Say.
Sah ruficollis De Geer.
322. Cnemidotus simplex Le Conte.
323. 12-punctatus Say.
DYTISCID.
324. Canthydrus bicolor Say.
325. puneticollis Crotch.
326. Hydrocanthus iricolor Say.
327. Laccophilus maculosus Germar.
328. fasciatus Aubé.
329. proximus Say.
330. undatus Aubé.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. Q
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
~ No. 1275.
331. Hydrovatus pustulatus Melsheimer.
332. Desmopachria convera Aubé.
333. Bidessus flavicollis Le Conte.
334. affinis Say.
339. lacustris Say.
336. granarius Aubé.
337. Celina angustata Aubé.
338. Celambus nubilus Le Conte.
339. dissimilis Gemminger and
Harold.
340. Hydroporus concinnus Le Conte.
341. pulcher Le Conte.
342. mellitus Le Conte.
343. inornatus Sharp.
B44. niger Say.
345. modestus Aubé.
346. oblitus Aubé.
347. undulatus Say.
348. consimilis Le Conte.
349. proximus Aube.
390. vitiosus Le Conte.
351. sericeus Le Conte.
302. striatopunctatus Mels-
heimer.
393. americanus Aube,
304, Tlybius biguttulus Germar.
355, Coptotomus interrogatus Fabricius.
396. Copelatus glyphicus Say.
. Matus bicarinatus Say.
. Agabetes acuductus Harris.
9. Agabus seriatus Say.
obtusatus Say.
stagninus Say.
disintegratus Crotch.
erythropterus Say.
gagates Aubé.
. Rhantus calidus Fabricius.
. Hydaticus bimarginatus Say.
. Dytiscus hybridus Aubé.
. Acilius mediatus Say.
. Thermonectes ornaticollis Aubé.
basilaris Harris.
Graphoderes liberus Say.
. Cybister fimbriolatus Say.
GYRINID.
. Dineutes vittatus Germar.
carolinus Le Conte.
assimilis Aubé.
discolor Aubé.
emarginatus Say.
378,
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
388.
389.
390.
391,
392.
393.
394,
395,
396.
Soiie
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
Dineutes nigrior Roberts.
Gyrinus rockinghamensis Zinmer-
mann.
zeneolus Le Conte.
ventralis Kirby.
analis Say.
AYDROPHILID.
Helophorus lineatus Say.
inquinatus Mannerheim.
Hydrochus scabratus Mulsant.
ineequalis Le Conte.
subcupreus Randall.
Hydrena pennsylvanica Kiesenwet-
ter.
Hydrophilus triangularis Say.
ovatus Gemminger and
Harold.
Tropisternus nimbatus Say.
glaber Herbst.
striolatus Le Conte.
Hydrocharis obtusatus Say.
Berosus peregrinus Herbst.
exiguus Say.
striatus Say.
Laccobius agilis Randall.
Philhydrus nebulosus Say.
ochraceus Melsheimer.
cinctus Say.
perplexus Le Conte.
Helochares maculicollis Mulsant.
Helocombus bifidus Le Conte.
Cymbiodyta fimbriata Melsheimer.
blanchardi Horn.
Hydrobius fuscipes Linneeus.
globosus Say.
tesselatus Ziegler.
Creniphilus subcupreus Say.
suturalis Le Conte.
Phenonotum exstriatum Say.
Cercyon unipunctatus Linneeus.
pretextatus Say.
indistinctus Horn.
analis Paykull.
analis var. ?
lugubris Paykull.
hemorrhoidalis Fabricius.
nigriceps Marsham.
pygmeus Iliger.
melanocephalus Linnzeus.
ranartus Erichson.
10
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Cercyon navicularis Zimmermann.
pubescens Le Conte.
Cryptopleurum minutum Fabricius.
americanum Horn.
Pemelus costatus Le Conte.
LEPTINIDZ:
Leptinus testaceus Miller.
SIL PHID A.
Necrophorus americanus Olivier.
orbicollis Say.
marginatus Fabricius.
tomentosus Weber.
Silpha surinamensis Weber.
lapponica Herbst.
ineequalis Fabricius.
noveboracensis Forster.
americana Linneeus.
Pinodytes cryptophagoides Manner-
heim.
Choleva luridipennis Mannerheim.
simplex Say.
clavicornis Le Conte.
terminans Le Conte.
Prionocheta opaca Say.
Ptomaphagus consobrinus Le Conte.
ulkei Horn.
oblitus Le Conte.
parasitus Le Conte.
Colon paradoxum Horn.
hubbardi Horn.
putum Horn.
pusillum Horn.
thoracicum Horn.
asperatum Horn.
Anisotoma alternata Melsheimer.
assimilis Le Conte.
collaris Le Conte.
obsoleta Melsheiner.
Colenis impunctata Le Conte.
Liodes discolor Melsheimer.
obsoleta Horn.
basalis Le Conte.
geminata Horn.
Cyrtusa picipennis Le Conte.
blandissima Zimmermann.
egena Le Conte.
Tsoplastus fossor Horn.
Agathidium oniscoides Beauyois.
exiguum Melsheimer.
470.
471.
472,
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
5038.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
dll.
512.
5138,
514.
515.
516.
Aglyptus levis Le Conte.
Clambus gibbulus Le Conte.
puberulus Le Conte.
SCY DM ANID.
Chevrolatia amena Le Conte.
Brachycepsis subpunctatus Le Conte.
cribrarius Le Conte.
perforatus Schaum.
Scydmenus flavitarsis Le Conte.
fossiger Le Conte.
capillosulus Le Conte.
basalis Le Conte.
hirtellus Le Conte.
analis Le Conte.
brevicornis Say.
rasus Le Conte.
obscurellus Le Conte.
clavatus Le Conte.
clavipes Say.
consobrinus Le Conte.
lecontei Schautuss.
salinator Le Conte.
fatuus Le Conte.
misellus Le Conte.
fulvus Le Conte.
pyramidalis Le Conte.
Eumicrus grossus Le Conte.
motschulskii Le Conte.
Cholerus zimmermanni Schaum.
Cephennium corporosum Le Conte.
SHELA PHID AL.
Adranes lecontei Brendel.
Ceophyllus monilis Le Conte.
Cedius ziegleri Le Conte.
spinosus Le Conte.
Tmesiphorus costalis Le Conte.
carinatus Le Conte.
Chennium monilicorne Brendel.
Ctenistes piceus Le Conte.
consobrinus Le Conte.
zimmermanni Le Conte.
Tyrus humeralis Aubé.
Pselaphus erichsonii Le Conte.
Tychus longipalpus Le Conte.
minor Le Conte.
Eutrichites zimmermanni Le Conte.
Nisaxis tomentosa Aubé.
Decarthron abnorme Le Conte.
exsectum Brendel.
VOL. XXV.
ey
ne
a
No. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 11
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
517. Decarthron stigmosum Brendel. 567. Euplectus confluens Le Conte.
518. longulum Brendel. 568. pertenuis Casey.
519. formiceti Le Conte. 569. Eutyphlus similis Le Conte.
520. Bryaxis valida Brendel. STAPH YLINID_E.
521. conjuncta Le Conte.
522. luniger Le Conte. 570. Allochara’ lata Gravenhorst.
525. cavicornis Brendel. 571. brachyptera Fourcroy.
524. -abdominalis Aubé. 572. bimaculata Grayvenhorst.
020. floridana Brendel. 573. nitida Gravenhorst.
526. intermedia Brendel. 574. Cratarea suturalis Mannerheim.
527. ulkei Brendel. 575. Oxypoda? sagulata Erichson.
528. illinoiensis Brendel. 576. minuta Sachse.
529. dentata Say. 577. Ocyusa asperula Casey.
530. perforata Brendel. 578. Thiasophila angustiventris Casey.
531. belfragei Le Conte. 579. Ocalea sp.
532. gemmifer Le Conte. 580. Phleopora latens Erichson.
533. atlantica Brendel. 581. Nenodusa cava Le Conte.
534. congener Brendel. 582. Myrmedonia rudis Le Conte.
539. rubicunda Aubé. Sane planifera Casey.
536. puncticollis Le Conte. 584. loricata Casey.
537. Arthmius globicollis Le Conte. 585. caliginosa Casey.
538. Batrisus ione Le Conte. 586. schwarzi Wasmann.
539. ferox Le Conte. 587. Philothermes pennsylvanicus Kraatz.
540. monstrosus Le Conte. 588. pilosus Kraatz.
541. schaumii Aube. 589. Callicerus, two species.
542. riparius Aubé. 590. Hoplandria® lateralis Melsheimer.
543. scabriceps Le Conte. 591. Trichiusa? compacta Casey.
544. bistriatus Le Conte. 592. Atheta® emula Erichson.
545. globosus Le Conte. 593. dichroa Grayenhorst.
546. spretus Le Conte. 594. luteola Erichson.
547. punctifrons Casey. 595. recondita Erichson.
548. denticollis Casey. 596. analis Gravenhorst.
549. triangulifer Brendel. 597. lividipennis Mannerhein.
590. nigricans Le Conte. 598. Tachyusa gracillima Le Conte.
551. Trimium globifer Le Conte. 599. mgrella Le Conte.
dd2. impunctatum Brendel. 600. baltifera Le Conte.
553. discolor Le Conte. 601. Falagria bilobata Say.
dod. parvulum Le Conte. 602. cingulata Le Conte.
59d. converulum Le Conte. 603. dissecta Erichson.
596. dubium Le Conte. 604. quadriceps Le Conte.
597. simplex Le Conte. 605. venustula Erichson.
558. Rhexidius canaliculatus Le Conte. © 606. Bolitochara trimaculata Erichson.
599. Rhexius insculptus Le Conte. 607. Myrmecochara debilis WVasmann.
560. Thesium cavifrons Le Conte. 608. Euryusa obtusa Le Conte.
561. Trinioplectus arcuatus Le Conte. 609. Leptusa® opaca Casey.
562. Huplectus leviceps Casey. 610. Silusa. +
563. interruptus Le Conte. 611. Homalota plana Gyllenhal.
564. difficilis Le Conte. 612. Placusa.?
969. congener Casey. 613. Gyrophxna® vinula Erichson.
566. linearis Le Conte. 614. flavicornis Melsheimer.
1One species undetermined. 4+Three undetermined species.
2Several undetermined species. 5 About eight undetermined species.
3 Many undetermined species.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
615. Gyrophena corruscula Erichson.
616. Oligota! pedalis Le Conte.
617. Myllena® infuscata Kraatz.
618.: Dinopsis americanus Kraatz.
619. myllenoides Kraatz.®
620. Acylophorus flavicollis Sachse.
621. pronus Erichson.
622. densus Le Conte.
623. Heterothops pusio Le Conte.
624. (Quedius ferox Le Conte.
625. fulgidus Fabricius.
626. peregrinus Gravenhorst.
627. capucinus Gravenhorst.
628. molochinus Gravenhorst.
629. Listotrophus cingulatus Gravenhorst.
630. Creophilus villosus Gravenhorst.
631. Staphylinus vulpinus Nordmann.
632. maculosus Gravenhorst.
633. mysticus Erichson.
634. tomentosus Gravenhorst.
635. fossator Gravenhorst.
636. comes Le Conte.
637. cinnamopterus Grayen-
horst.
638. violaceus Gravenhorst.
639. viridans Horn.
640. exulans Erichson. .
641. prelongus Mannerheim.
642. Ocypus ater Gravenhorst.
643. Belonuchus formosus Gravenhorst.
644. Tympanophorus puncticollis Erichson.
645. Philonthus politus Linnzeus.
646. umbratilis Gravenhorst.
647. leetulus Say.
648. asper Horn.
649. hepaticus Erichson.
650. umbrinus Gravenhorst.
651. palliatus Gravenhorst.
652. debilis Gravenhorst.
653. varians Paykull.
654. longicornis Stephens.
655. discoideus Gravenhorst.
656. thermarum Aubé.
657. alumnus Erichson.
658. thoracicus Gravenhorst.
659. fusiformis Melsheimer.
660. fulvipes Fabricius.
661. lomatus Erichson.
1Several undetermined species.
2Several species.
662. Philonthus cunctans Horn.
663. wqualis Horn.
664. brunneus Gravenhorst.
665. cyanipennis Fabricius.
666. blandus Gravenhorst.
667. cephalotes Gravenhorst.
668. inquietus Erichson.
669. ventralis Gravenhorst.
670. microphthalmus Horn.
671. baltimorensis Graven-
horst.
672. apicalis Say.
673. Actobius cinerascens Gravenhorst.
674. procerulus Gravenhorst.
675. sobrinus Erichson.
676. patella Horn.
677. loxatus Horn.
678. parcus Horn.
679. pederoides Horn.
680. jocosus Horn.
681. terminalis Le Conte.
682. lepidulus Le Conte.
683. Nantholinus fulgidus Fabricius.
684. cephalus Say.
685. obsidianus Melsheimer.
686. emmesus Gravenhorst.
687. hamatus Say.
688. temporalis Le Conte.
689. Leptolinus rubripennis Le Conte.
690. Leptacinus longicollis Le Conte.
691. nigritulus Le Conte.
692. cephalicus Le Conte.
693. Diochus schaum@i Kraatz.
694. Stenus bipunctatus Erichson.
695. colon Say.
696. semicolon Le Conte.
697. delavarensis Casey.
698. militaris Casey.
699. colonus Erichson.
700. stygicus Say.
701. egenus Erichson.
702. sectilifer Casey.
703. caroline Casey.
704, argus Gravenhorst.
705. dispar Casey.
706. croceatus Casey.
707. flavicornis Erichson.
708. annularis Erichson.
3 A large number of species belonging to different genera of the subfamily Aleocharine still remain
undetermined.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
13
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
NO. 1275.
709. Stenus callosus Erichson.
710. arculus Erichson.
711. punctatus Erichson.
712. Euesthetus americanus Erichson.
713. Edaphus nitidus Le Conte.
714. Stictocranius puncticeps Le Conte.
715. Cryptobium badium Gravenhorst.
716. bicolor Gravenhorst.
mve carolinum Erichson.
718. pallipes Gravenhorst.
719. latebricola Nordmann.
720. flavicorne Le Conte.
721. cribratum Le Conte.
722. serpentinum Le Conte.
723. Lathrobium terminatum Gravenhorst.
724. angulare Le Conte.
725. armatum Say.
726. simile Le Conte.
120. longiusculum Graven-
horst.
728. collare Erichson.
u29. ambiguum Le Conte.
730. ventrale Le Conte.
731. anale Le Conte.
732. pallidulum Le Conte.
709. dimidiatum Say.
734. Scop xus exiguus Erichson.
739. opacus Le Conte.
736. nitidus Le Conte.
737. Stilicus tristis Melsheimer.
738. opaculus Le Conte.
739. angularis Le Conte.
740. dentatus Say.
741. biarmatus Le Conte.
742. rudis Le Conte.
743. Lithocharis! ochracea Gravenhorst.
744. Aderocharis corticina Gravenhorst.
745. Trachysectus confluens Say.
746. Pederus littorarius Gravenhorst.
747. Sunius prolixus Erichson.
748. binotatus Say.
749. longiusculus Mannerheim.
790. Echiaster brevicornis Casey.
751. Stilicopsis monstrosa Le Conte.
752. paradoxa Sachse.
753. Pinovhilus picipes Erichson.
754. latipes Erichson.
755. opacus Le Conte.
756. Palaminus testaceus Erichson.
757. contortus Le Conte.
758. Microcyptus testaceus Le Conte.
799.
760.
761.
762.
763.
764.
765.
766.
767.
768.
769.
770.
~I ~J
SY
noe
Tae],
ES
Ot He CO
S$
=
“.
SO
as
aa
ows sy
~J
CO
—_
782.
783.
784.
785.
786.
787.
788.
789.
790.
791.
792.
793.
794.
795.
796.
(97.
798.
199.
800.
801.
802.
803.
804.
805.
806.
807.
808.
809.
Tachinus memnonius Gravenhorst.
luridus Erichson.
flavipennis Dejean.
repandus Horn.
Jimbriatus Gravenhorst.
picipes Erichson.
limbatus Melsheimer.
fumipennis Say.
nitiduloides Horn.
pallipes Gravenhorst.
Tachyporus maculipennis Le Conte.
elegans Horn.
jocosus Say.
chrysomelinus Linnzeus.
nitidulus Fabricius.
nanus Erichson.
Cilea silphoides Linnezeus.
Erchomus ventriculus Say.
levis Le Conte.
Conosoma knoxii Le Conte.
crassum Gravenhorst.
parvulum Horn.
basale Erichson.
opicum Say.
scriptum Horn.
niger Gravenhorst.
dimidiatus Erichson.
intrusus Horn.
cincticollis Say.
anticus Horn.
angularis Sachse.
Bolitobius
trinotatus Erichson.
obsoletus Say.
cinctus Gravenhorst.
var. gentilis Le Conte.
Bryoporus flavipes Le Conte.
rufescens Le Conte.
Mycetoporus humidus Say.
tenuis Horn.
consors Le Conte.
americanus Erichson.
flavicollis Le Conte.
splendidus Gravenhorst.
Pseudopsis sulcata Newman.
Megalops cxlatus Gravenhorst.
Oxyporus femoralis Gravenhorst.
major Gravenhorst.
stygicus Say.
rufipennis Le Conte.
vittatus Gravenhorst.
fasciatus Melsheimer.
1 About five other unnamed species.
14
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. DKV:
810.
811.
812.
815.
814.
815.
816.
817.
818.
819.
820.
821.
R96
Osa.
»)
c Do.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
O06
852.
835.
Oo
Out.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
S41.
$42.
845.
S44.
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
1 Undescribed species.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Oxvyporus bicolor Fauvel.
lateralis Gravenhorst.
occipitalis Fauyel.
lepidus Le Conte.
5-maculatus Le Conte.
Osorius latipes Erichson.
Tolotrochus lievicauda Le Conte.
Bledius mandibularis Erichson.
semiferrugineus Le Conte.
analis Le Conte.
sinuatus Le Conte.
annularis Le Conte.
confusus Le Conte.
emarginatus Say.
Platystethus americanus Erichson.
Oxytelus incolumnis Erichson.
sculptus Gravenhorst.
pennsylvanicus Krichson.
laqueatus Marsham.
insignitus Gravenhorst.
suspectus Casey.
placusinus Le Conte.
nanus Erichson.
eviguus Erichson.
Trogophleus quadripunctatus Say.
arcifer Le Conte.
memnonius Erichson.
corvinus Casey.
fulvipes Erichson.
subtilis Erichson.
uniformis Le Conte.
spretus Casey.
difficilis Casey.
riparius Lacordaire.
fuliginosus Gravenhorst.
pusillus Gravenhorst.
tenellus Erichson.
Apocellus sphericollis Erichson.
Ancyrophorus.
Thinobius finbriatus Le Conte.
Geodromicus cvsus Erichson.
nigrita Muller.
Lesteva pallipes Le Conte.
Acidota subcarinata Erichson.
Arpedium schwarzi Fauvel.
Olophrum obtectum Erichson.
Homatium? humerosuin Fauvel.
repandum Erichson.
cribrum Fauvel.
diffusum Fauyel.
rufipes Fourcroy.
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
ssl.
882.
883.
884.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
898.
899.
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
906.
2 And several undescribed species.
Homalium fractum Fauve.
hamatum Fauyel.
AAnthobium convexum Fauvel.
Uphelis notata Le Conte.
gultata Le Conte.
Protinus atomarius Erichson.
Megarthrus americanus Sachse
Lispinus exiguus Erichson.
Glyptoma costale Erichson.
Triga picipennis Le Conte.
Eleusis pallida Le Conte.
nigrella Le Conte.
Siagonium americanum Melsheimer.
Micropeplus cribratus Le Conte.
TRICHOPTERY GID AS.
Nossidium americanun Motschulsky.
Ptilium collani Macklin.
Ptenidium foveicolle Le Conte.
speculifer Matthews.
evanescens Marsham.
lineatum Le Conte.
Limulodes paradoxus Matthews.
Pteryx balteata Le Conte.
Ptinellodes lecontei: Matthews.
Trichopteryx*® parallela Motschulsky.
haldemani Le Conte.
abrupta Haldeman.
aspera Haldeman.
merens Matthews.
sericans Heer.
glabricollis Matthews.
Smicrus filicornis Fairmaire.
Ptinella quercus J.e Conte.
pini Le Conte.
Nephanes lviusculus Matthews.
SCAPHIDIID.
Scaphidium obliteratum Le Conte.
quadriguilatuin Say.
var. piceum Mclsheimer.
Cyparium flavipes Le Conte.
Beocera concolor Fabricius.
apicalis Le Conte.
Toxidium gammaroides Le Conte.
Scaphisoma convecum Say.
punctulatum Le Conte.
suturale Le Conte.
terminatum Melsheimer.
pusillum Le Conte.
3 Several undescribed species.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
pd
Or
907.
908.
m0:
910.
Sila.
912:
915.
914.
915.
916.
Ste
918.
SO:
920.
O21
922.
923.
924,
925.
926.
927.
928.
929)
950.
931.
932.
953.
954.
9359.
936.
937.
938.
939.
940.
941.
942.
948.
944.
945.
947.
948,
949,
950.
Ss eee
951.
PHALACRIDAEL.
Phalacrus penicillatus Say.
politus Melsheimer.
pumilio Le Conte.
Olibrus lecontei Casey.
piceus Casey.
striatulus Le Conte.
consimilis Melsheimer.
nitidus Melsheimer.
pusillus Le Conte.
Litochrus immaculatus Casey.
Litochropus scalptus Casey.
CORYLOPHIDL.
Sacium fasciatum Say.
lepidum Le Conte.
lunatum Le Conte.
misellum Le Conte.
splendens Schwarz.
scitulum Le Conte.
Arthrolips marginicollis Le Conte.
Corylophus truncatus Le Conte.
Sericoderus flavidus Le Conte.
obscurus Le Conte.
subtilis Le Conte.
Orthoperus glaber Le Conte.
COCCINELLIDL.
Anisosticta seriata Melsheimer.
Megilla maculata De Geer.
Hippodamia glacialis Fabricius.
convergens Guérin.
18-punctata Linnieus.
parenthesis Say.
Coccinella affinis Randall.
9-notata Herbst.
sanguinea Linneeus.
oculata Fabricius.
var. abdominalis Say.
Adalia bipunctata Linneeus.
Harmonia picta Randa :.
Mysia pullata Say.
Anatis ocellata Linnzeus.
Psyllobora 20-maculata Say.
Chilocorus bivulnerus Mulsant.
Exochomus marginipennis Le Conte.
3-pustulatus De Geer. -
Cryptognatha pusilla Le Conte.
Smilia marginata Le Conte.
misella Le Conte.
952
953.
954.
958.
959
960.
961.
962.
963.
964.
965.
966.
967.
968.
96°.
970.
971.
972.
973.
974.
975.
976.
OTT.
978.
979.
980.
981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.
988.
989.
990.
991.
992.
993.
994.
995.
996,
oO
or
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Brachyacantha dentipes Fabricius.
ursina Fabricius.
var. flavifrons Mul-
sant.
var. 10-pustulatu Mels-
heimer.
var. basalis Mels-
heimer.
4-punctata Mels-
heimer.
indubitabilis Crotch.
Hyperaspis finbriolata Melsheimer.
undulata Say.
lewistti Crotch.
signata Olivier.
proba Say.
bigeminata Randall.
pratensis Le Conte.
Seymnus myrmidon Mulsant.
quadriteniatus Le Conte.
canthaspis Mulsant.
terminatus Say.
ultrusus Horn.
flavifrons Melsheimer.
var. bioculatus Mulsant.
americanus Mulsant.
fraternus Le Conte.
collaris Melsheimer.
cervicalis Mulsant.
tenebrosus Mulsant.
punctum Le Conte.
nanus Le Conte.
punctatus Melsheimer,
Cephaloscymnus zimimermanni Crotch.
Epilachna borealis Fabricius.
ENDOM YCHIDE.
Alexia lobata Le Conte.
Anamorphus pusillus Zimmermann.
Symbiotes ulkei Crotch.
minor Crotch.
Mycetxa hirta Marsham.
Rhanis unicolor Ziegler.
Liestes.*
Phymaphora pulchella Newman.
Lycoperdina ferruginea Le Conte.
Aphorista vittata Fabricius.
Mycetina testacea Fabricius.
perpulchra Newman.
Stenotarsus hispidus Herbst.
Endomychus biguttatus Say.
1Species not described,
997.
998.
999.
1000.
1001.
1002.
1003.
1004.
1005.
1006.
1007.
1008.
1009.
1010.
1011.
1012.
1013.
1014.
1015.
1016.
1017.
1018.
1019.
1020.
1021.
1022.
1023.
1024.
1025.
1026.
1027.
1028.
1029.
1030.
1031.
1082.
1033.
1054.
1035.
1056.
1037.
1038.
1039.
1040.
1041.
1042.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
EROTYLID.
Languria bicolor Fabricius.
mozardi Latreille.
angustata Beauvois.
var. trifasciata Say.
lecontei Crotch.
Acropteroxys gracilis Newman.
Ku.xestus punctatus Le Conte.
Dacne 4-maculata Say.
Megalodaene fasciata Fabricius.
heros Say.
Ischyrus 4-punctatus Olivier.
Mycotretus sanguinipennis Say.
pulchra Say.
Tritoma humeralis Fabricius.
var. aulica Horn.
biguttata Say.
mimetica Crotch.
erythrocephala Lacordaire.
angulata Say.
affinis Lacordaire.
unicolor Say.
thoracica Say.
flavicollis Lacordaire.
COLYDIID.
Synchita laticollis Le Conte.
obscura Horn.
parvula Guérin.
fuliginosa Melsheimer.
granulata Say.
Cicones marginalis Melsheimer.
Ditoma quadriguttata Say.
quadricollis Horn.
Coxelus guitulatus Le Conte.
Lasconotus referendarius
mann.
Aulonium parallelopipedum Say.
tuberculatum Le Conte.
Colydium lineola Say.
var. nigripenne Le Conte.
Aglenus brunneus Gyllenhal.
Oxylemus americanus Le Conte.
Penthelispa hematodes Fabricius.
refleca Say.
Pycnomerus sulcicollis Le Conte.
Bothrideres geminatus Say.
Erotylathris exaratus Melsheimer.
Cerylon castaneum Say.
Philothermus glabriculus Le Conte.
Zimmer-
1043.
1044.
1045.
1046.
1047.
1048.
1049.
1050.
1051.
1052.
1053.
1054.
1055.
1056.
1057.
1058.
1059.
1060.
1061,
1062.
1063.
1064.
1065.
1066.
1067.
1068.
1069.
1070.
1071.
1072.
1073.
1074.
1075.
1076.
1077.
1078.
1079.
1080.
1081.
1082.
MURMIDIID.
Murmidius ovalis Beck.
Mychocerus depressus Le Conte.
RH YSSODIDA.
Rhyssodes exaratus Iliger.
Clinidium sculptile Newman.
CUCUJID.
Silvanus surinamensis Linnzeus.
bidentatus Fabricius.
planatus Germar.
imbellis Le Conte.
advena Waltl.
rectus Le Conte.
Nausibius clavicornis Kugelann.
repandus Le Conte.
Catogenus rufus Fabricius.
Pediacus depressus Herbst.
Cucujus clavipes Fabricius.
Ino reclusa Le Conte.
Lemophleus biguttatus Say.
fasciatus Melsheimer.
modestus Say.
convexulus Le Conte.
adustus Le Conte.
testaceus Fabricius.
punctatus Le Conte.
angustulus Le Conte.
schwarzi Casey.
alternans Erichson.
pusillus Schonherr.
Lathropus vernalis Le Conte.
Dysmerus basalis Casey.
Brontes dubius Fabricius.
debilis Le Conte.
Telephanus velox Haldeman.
CRY PTOPHAGIDA.
Telmatophilus americanus Le Conte.
Loberus impressus Le Conte.
Tomarus pulchellus Le Conte.
Antherophagus ochraceus Melshei-
mer.
Henoticus serratus Gylenhal.
Cryptophagus' cellaris Scopuli.
difficilis Le Conte.
plectrum Casey.
1And several] unnamed species.
bo
~I
t
NO. 1
D. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. ere
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
1083. Cryptophagus croceus Zimmer- 1122> Anthrenus scrophularixe Linnzeus.
mann. 1123. verbasci Linnveus.
1084. fungicola Gimmer- 1124. museorum Linnzeus.
mann. 1125. Cryptorhopalum h:emorrhoidale Le
1085. crinittus Zimmer- Conte.
mann. 1126. triste Le Conte.
1086. nodangulus Zimmer- 1127. Apsectus hispidus Melsheimer.
mann. 1128.° Orphilus niger Rossi.
1087. Cexnoscelis! ferrugined Sahlberg(?). HISTERIDE.
1088. testacea Zimmermann.
1089. Atomaria) ephippiata Zimmermann, 1129. Hololepta lucida Le Conte.
1090. ochracea Zimmermann. 1150, fossularis Say.
1091. distincta Casev. 1131. Hister biplagiatus Le Conte.
1092. Ephistemus apicalis Le Conte. 1182. levipes Germar.
1133. harrisii Kirby.
MYCETOPHAGID.E. sae merdarius Hoffmann.
1135. interruptus Beauyois.
1093. Mycetophagus punctatus Say. 1136. immunis Erichson.
1094. flexuosus Say. 1137. marginicollis Le Conte.
1095. bipustulatus Melshei- 1188. cognatus Le Conte.
mer. 1139. fedatus Le Conte.
1096. melsheimeri Le Conte. 1140. abbreviatus Fabricius.
1097. pluripunctatus Le 141. civilis Le Conte.
Conte. 1142. depurator Say.
1098. pini Ziegler. 1148. curtatus Le Conte.
1099. obsoletus Melsheimer. 1144. indistinctus Say.
1100. Litargus tetraspilotus Le Conte. 1145. bimaculatus Linnzeus.
1101. 6-punctatus Say. 1146. 16-striatus Say.
1102. balteatus Le Conte. 1147. americanus Paykull.
1103. didesmus Say. 1148. Phelister eneomicans Horn.
1104. nebulosus Le Conte. 1149. subrotundus Say.
1105. Typhea fumata Linneeus. 1150. vernus Say.
1106. Berginus pumilus Le Conte. 1151. Platysoma carolinum Paykaull.
1107. Myrmechixenus lathridioides Crotch. 1152. lecontei Marseul.
1108. Diplocelus brunneus Le Conte. 1153. aurelianum Horn.
1109. rudis Le Conte. 1154. parallelum Say.
1155. coarctatum Le Conte.
DERMESTID. 1156. Cylistix cylindricus Paykull.
1157. attenuatus Le Conte.
1110. Byturus unicolor Say. 1158. Tribalister marginellus Le Conte.
1111. Dermestes caninus Germar. 1159. Tribalus americanus Le Conte.
1112. lardarius Linnzeus. 1160. Epierus regularis Beauvois.
1118. elongatus Le Conte. 1161. pulicarius Erichson.
1114. vulpinus Fabricius. 1162. Hetxrius brunnipennis Randall.
1115. frischii Kuagelann. 1163. Echinodes setiger Le Conte.
1116. Attagenus pellio Linneeus. 1164. Onthophilus alternatus Say.
OTL 7e hornii Jayne. 1165. Dendrophilus punctulatus Say.
1118. piceus Olivier. 1166. Paromalus wqualis Say.
1119. Trogoderma ornatum Say. 1167. bistriatus Erichson.
1120. sternale Jayne. 1168. seminulum Krichson.
1121. tarsale Melsbeimer. 1169. teres Le Conte.
!And several unnamed species.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 2
18
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XX.
1170.
(Ale
1172.
1173.
1174.
1175.
1176.
LA Gihs
les:
oe
1180.
1181.
1182.
1185.
1184.
1185.
1186.
SG
1188.
1189.
1190.
TOs
1192,
1193.
1194.
1195.
1196.
1197.
1198.
1199.
1200.
1201.
1202.
1203.
1204.
1205.
1206.
1207.
1208.
1209.
1210.
1211.
1212.
1218.
1214.
1215,
1216,
1217.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Carcinops conjunctus Say.
geminatus Le Conte.
14-striatus Stephens.
Anapleus marginatus Le Conte.
Saprinus rotundatus Kugelann.
pennsylvanicus Paykull.
impressus Le Conte.
assimilis Paykull. °
conformis Le Conte.
placidus Erichson.
Sfraternus Say.
jitchii Marseul.
patruelis Le Conte.
sphexroides Le Conte.
Plegaderus transversus Say.
Teretrius americanus Le Conte.
Bacanius tantillus Le Conte.
punctiformis Marseul.
Acritus exiguus Erichson.
discus Le Conte.
Jimetarius Le Conte.
strigosus Le Conte.
politus Le Conte.
simplex Le Conte.
NITIDULIDA.
Brachypterus urtice Fabricius.
Cercus abdominalis Erichson.
pennatus Murray.
Carpophilus hemipterus Linnzeus.
dimidiatus Fabricius.
niger Say.
marginatus Erichson.
corticinus Erichson.
brachypterus Say.
antiquus Melsheimer.
Colastus morio Erichson.
maculatus Erichson.
semitectus Say.
unicolor Say.
truncatus Randall.
Conotelus obscurus Erichson.
mexicanus Murray.
_Epurexa helvola Erichson.
rufa Say.
erichsonii Reitter.
rufida Melsheimer.
corticina Krichson.
fulvescens Horn.
planulata Erichson.
1218.
1219.
1220.
1221.
12929
1223.
1224.
1225.
1226.
1227.
1228.
1229.
1230.
1231.
1232.
1233.
1234.
1239.
1236.
1237.
1238.
1239.
1240.
1241.
1242.
1243.
1244.
- 1245.
1246.
1247.
1248.
1249.
1250.
1251.
Epurza peltoides Horn.
labilis Krichson.
obtusicollis Reitter.
Nitidula bipunctata Linneeus.
rufipes Linnzeus.
ziczac Say.
Stelidota geminata Say.
S-maculata Say.
strigosa Gyllenhal.
Prometopia 6-maculata Say.
Phenolia grossa Fabricius.
Omosita colon Linnzeus.
Amphotis ulkei Le Conte.
Soronia undulata Say.
substriata Hamilton.
Thalycra concolor Le Conte.
Pocadius helvolus Erichson.
Oxycnemus histrinus Le Conte.
nigripennis Le Conte.
Amphicrossus ciliatus Olivier.
Pallodes pallidus Beauvois.
Cychramus adustus Erichson.
var. bicolor Horn.
Cybocephalus nigritulus Le Conte.
Cryptarcha ampla Erichson.
strigata Fabricius.
concinna Melsheimer.
Ips obtusus Say.
quadriguitatus Fabricius.
confluentus Say.
sanguinolentus Olivier.
Pityophagus cephalotes Le Conte.
thizophagus cylindricus Le Conte
bipunctatus Say.
LATHRIDIDA.
2. Holoparamecus kunzei Aubé.
3. Lathridius liratus Le Conte.
. Coninomus constrictus Gy Wenhal
nodifer Westwood.
Enicmus minutus Linneus.
aterrimus Motschulsky
. Cartodere elegans Aubé.
jiliformis Gyllenhal.
. Adistemia watsoni Wollaston.
. Corticaria pubescens Gyllenhal.
dentigera Le Conte.
ferruginea Gyllenhal.
serrata Paykull.
elongata Gyllenhal,
a a TS eae
1267.
1273.
1274.
1245.
1276.
1277.
bo bo
e
CO
.
7
7
7
¢
C
)
—
So tb
CO
1280.
1281.
1282.
1283.
1284.
1285.
1286.
ee
bo
Co 0c Ww
9.
he
to tS
Ro)
1S
1291.
+1292.
1293.
1294.
1295.
1296.
1297.
1298.
1299.
1500.
1301.
1302.
1303.
5. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
1266. Melanophthalma! longipennis Le
Conte.
americana
nerheim.
cavicollis Manner-
heim.
gibbosa Herbst.
distinguenda Co-
molli.
picta Le Conte.
simplex Le Conte.
Man-
TROGOSITID 2.
Nemosoma parallelum Melsheimer.
cylindricum Le Conte.
Alindria cylindrica Serville.
teres Melsheimer.
Trogosita virescens Fabricius.
Tenebrioides mauritanica Linnezeus.
corticalis Melsheimer.
nana Melsheimer.
marginuta Beauyolis.
yar. cucujiformis Horn.
americana Kirby.
var. laticollis Horn.
rugosipennis Horn.
bimaculata’ Melshei-
mer.
obtusa Worn.
Grynocharis 4-lineuta Melsheimer.
Lycoptus villosus Casey.
Thymalus fulgidus Erichson.
MONOTOMIDA..
Monotoma picipes Herbst.
americana Aubé.
4-foveolata Aubé.
parallela Le Conte.
longicollis Gyllenhal.
Hesperobenus rufipes Le Conte.
Hurops pallipennis Le Conte.
Bactridium ephippigerum Guerin.
striolatum Reitter.
cavicolle Horn,
BYRRHIDE.
Nosodendron wnicolor Say.
Byrrhus murinus Fabricius.
Syncalypta strigosa Melsheimer.
1504.
1305.
1506.
1307.
1508.
1509.
1510.
1311.
1312.
1513.
1314.
1315.
1516.
1317.
1518.
1319.
1520.
1321.
1322.
1323.
1324.
1325.
1326.
1320.
1528.
1329.
13380.
13381.
13o2-
909
O00.
1334.
1335.
1536.
133i.
1338.
13389.
1540.
1341.
1342.
1545.
1544.
1545.
1546.
1And some undetermined species,
Limnichus olivnaceus Le Conte.
punctatus Le Conte.
nebulosus Le Conte.
ater Le Conte.
lutrochinus Le Conte.
ovatus Le Conte.
PARNIDZE.
Psephenus lecontei Le Conte.
LTutrochus luteus Le Conte.
Dryops lithophilus Germar.
fastigiatus Say.
Elinis 4-notatus Say.
fastiditus Le Conte.
ovalis Le Conte.
nitidulus Le Conte.
latiusculus Le Conte.
pusillus Le Conte.
Stenelmis linearis Zimmerman.
sinuatus Le Conte.
crenatus Say.
quadrimaculatus Horn.
Macronychus glabratus Say.
Ancyronyx variegatus Germar.
HETEROCERID ZA.
Fleterocerus ventralis Melsheimer.
brunneus Melsheimer,
collaris IKiesenwetter.
pusillus Say.
DASCYLEID A.
Eurypogon niger Melsheimer.
californicus Horn.
Odontonyx trivittis Germar.
Anchytarsus bicolor Melsheimer.
Ptilodactyla serricollis Say.
Hucinetus punctulatus Le Conte.
morio Le Conte.
strigosus Le Conte.
tctopria nervosa Melsheimer.
var. thoracica Ziegler.
Prionocyphon discoideus Say.
limbatus le Conte.
FHelodes pulchella Guérin.
Suscipennis Guérin.
thoracica Guérin.
Scyrtes tibialis Guérin.
Cyphon robustus Le Conte.
20
1547.
1548.
1549.
15950.
1551.
1552.
1555.
1554.
1555.
1556.
1566.
1567.
1568.
1569.
1570.
1371.
1 97)
ols.
1375.
1574.
1375.
1576.
1377
old.
1378.
1579.
ol
1580.
1381.
1382.
1383.
1584.
1385.
1386.
1387.
1388.
1389.
1390.
1391.
1392.
1393.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Cyphon obscurus Guerin.
rariabilis Thunbere.
collaris Guérin.
ruficollis Say.
RHIPICERIDA.
Zenoa picea Beauvois.
Sandalus niger Knoch.
petrophya Knoch.
EDLATERID A.
Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer.
Tharops ruficornis Say.
Stethon pectorosus Le Conte.
Deltometopus amenicornis Say.
rujfipes Melsheimer.
Dromxolus striatus Le Conte.
cylindricollis Say.
Fornax badius Melsheimer.
calceatus Say.
hornii Bonvouloir.
Adelothyreus dejeanti Bonyouloir.
Microrhagus humeralis Say.
pectinatus Le Conte.
bonvouloiri Horn.
audax Horn.
subsinuatus Le Conte.
triangularis Say.
Hypocelus frontosus Say.
terminalis Le Conte.
Nematodes atropos Say.
Adelocera impressicollis Say.
marmorata Fabricius.
discoidea Weber.
maculata Le Conte.
avita Say.
Meristhus scobinula Candéze.
Chalcolepidius viridipilis Le Conte.
Alaus oculatus Linneeus.
myops Fabricus.
THemirhipus fascicularis Fabricius.
Cardiophorus convexrus Say.
cardisce Say.
gagates Erichson,
Horistonotus curiatus Say.
Lsthesopus claricollis Say.
Cryplohypnus choris Say.
melsheimeri Horn.
pectoralis Say.
var. imops Say.
obliquatulus Mels-
heimer,
1594.
1395.
1596.
1397.
1398.
1399.
1400.
1401.
1402.
1405.
1404.
1405.
1406.
1407.
1408.
1409.
1410.
Lat.
1412.
1413.
1414.
1415.
1416.
1417.
1418.
1419.
1420.
1421.
1422.
1423.
1424.
1425.
1426.
1427.
1428.
1429.
1450.
1431.
1432.
1435.
143
1485.
1436.
1437.
1458.
1459.
1440.
1441.
1442.
1445.
1444.
1445,
Cryptohypnus perplecus Horn.
Anchastus rufus Candéze.
Monocrepidius lividus De Geer.
suturalis Le Conte.
vespertinus Fabricius.
auritus Herbst.
hellus Say.
Dicrepidius ramicornis Beauyois.
Ischiodontus soleatus Say.
Eater hepaticus Melsheimer.
manipularis Candéze.
pedalis Germayr.
mirtus Herbst.
nigricollis Herbst.
linteus Say.
discoideus Fabricius.
sayt Le Conte.
impolitus Melsheimer,
socer-Le Conte.
rubricollis Herbst.
semicinctus Randall.
nigricans Germar.
rubricus Say.
collaris Say.
var. palans Le Conte.
sanguinipennis Say.
vanthomus Germar.
obliquus Say.
pusto Germar.
Drasterius elegans Fabricius.
amabilis Le Conte.
Megapenthes rufilabris Germar.
limbalis Herbst.
Ludius attenuatus Say.
abruptus Say.
Agriotes avulsus Le Conte.
pubescens Melsheimer.
imsanus Candéze.
oblongicollis Melsheimer.
Dolopius lateralis Eschscholtz.
Betarinon bigeminatus Randall.
Glyphonyx recticollis Say.
testaceus Melsheimer.
Melanotus depressus Melsheimer.
clandestinus Erichson.
castanipes Paykull.
sagittarius Le Conte.
fissilis Say.
communis Gyllenhal.
infaustus Le Conte.
lenac Say.
americanus Herbst.
ct ete
No. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. At
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
— 1446. Melanotus pertinax Say.
1447. imsipiens Say.
1448. Limonius auripilis Say.
1449. aurifer Le Conte.
1450. stigma Herbst.
1451. griseus Beauvois.
1452. confusus Le Conte.
1453. plebejus Say.
1454. quercinus Say.
1455. agonus Say.
1456. ornatipennis Le Conte.
1457. definitus Ziegler.
1458. nimbatus Say.
1459. basillaris Say.
1460. Athous brightwelli Kirby.
1461. acanthus Say.
1462. - cucullatus Say.
1463. scapularis Say.
1464. posticus Melsheimer.
1465. Leptoschema bicolor Le Conte.
1466. Sericosomus viridanus Say.
1467. silaceus Say.
1468. Corymbites tessellatus Linneeus.
1469. cylindriformis Herbst.
1470. pyrrhos Herbst.
1471. tarsalis Melsheimer.
1472. wthiops Herbst.
1473. hamatus Say.
1474. splendens Ziegler.
1475. inflatus Say.
1476. rotundicollis Say.
1477. Hemicrepidius memnonius Herbst.
1478. bilobutus Say.
1479. decoloratus Say.
1480. Melanactes piceus De Geer.
1481. morio Fabricius.
1482. reichei Germar.
1483. Perothops mucida Gyllenhal.
1484. Cerophytum pulsator Haldeman.
THROSCID 2.
1485. Drapetes geminatus Say.
1486. Aulonothroscus constrictor Say.
1487. Throscus punctatus Bonvouloir.
1488. chevrolatii Bonyouloir.
1489. convergens Horn.
1490. pugnax Horn.
BUPRESTID.
1491. Chalcophora virginiensis Drury.
1492. campestris Say.
1493.
1494.
1495.
1496.
1497.
1498.
1499.
1500.
1501.
1502.
1503.
1504.
1505.
1506.
1507.
1508.
1509.
1510.
1511.
1512.
1513.
1514.
1515.
1516.
1517.
1518.
1519.
1520.
1521.
1522.
1523.
1524.
1525,
1526.
1527.
1528.
1529.
1530.
1531.
1532.
1533.
1534.
1535.
1536.
1587.
1538.
1539.
1540.
1541.
1542.
1543.
1544.
Iicerca divaricata Say.
var. caudata Le Conte.
pugionata Germar.
obscura Fabricius.
yar. durida Fabricius.
lepida Le Conte.
spreta Gory.
asperata Laporte.
punctulata Schonherr.
Pecilonota debilis Le Conte.
Buprestis rufipes Olivier.
lineata Fabricius.
striata Fabricius.
decora Fabricius.
Cinyra gracilipes Melsheimer.
Melanophila notata Laporte.
acuminata De Geer.
zneola Melsheimer.
Anthaxia viridifrons Laporte.
viridicornis Say.
cyanella Gory.
quercata Fabricius.
flavimana Gory.
Chrysobothris fenorata Fabricius.
floricola Gory.
dentipes Germayr.
blanchardi Horn.
pusilla Laporte.
6-signata Say.
azurea Le Conte.
scitula Gory.
harrisii Hentz.
Actenodes acornis Say.
Acmeodera ornata Fabricius.
culta Weber.
Ptosima gibbicollis Say.
Mastogenius subcyaneus Le Conte.
Eupristocerus cogitans Weber.
Agrilus ruficollis Fabricius.
otiosus Say.
arcuatus Say.
bilineatus Weber.
granulatus Say.
politus Say.
fallax Say.
obsoletoguttatus Gory.
subeinctus Gory.
lecontei Saunders.
egenus Gory.
Rheboscelis tenuis Le Conte.
Taphrocerus gracilis Say.
Brachys ovata Weber.
29 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
1545. Brachys «xrosa Melsheimer. 1592. Telephorus fraxini Say.
1546. wruginosa Gory. 1593. carolinus Fabricius.
1547. Pachyscelus purpureus Say. 1594. lineola Fabricius.
1548. levigatus Say. 1595. costipennis Le Conte.
1596. rectus Melsheimer.
LAMPYRIDE. 1597. scitulus Say.
1549. Calovt eet 1598. pusillus Le Conte.
otd. Calopteron ter ene ée pay. pe 1599. longulus Be Conte.
1550. reticulatum Fabricius. : ere |
Weir s Colsket heats La Gout 1600. rotundicollis Say.
oe qo ree ea ts a oe S 1601. tuberculatus Le Conte. \
1552. Cenia dimidiata Fabricius. ie et e
ca : : 1602. bilineatus Say.
1593. Eros thoracicus Randall. Res Bhs a ;
1BEA HiEBH MEL CET 1608. margmellus Le Conte.
oe ae ‘us S aa 1604. Polemius laticornis Say.
oat eee eae ; 1605. Trypherus latipennis Germar.
1556. sculptilis Say. oe ; aie Heat ‘
pare ae : : 1606. Malthinus oecipitalis Le Conte.
1557. trilineatus Melsheimer.
; . 1607. Malthodes spado Le Conte.
1558. Plateros timidus Le Conte. ae Gates
1559. modestus Say. vee. ae ce ome
1560 canalic ulatus Say. oe mee Lee
meen BER ON Ma aN oA 1610. arcifer Le Conte.
oe ee
, Le eas 1612. parvulus Le Conte.
1563. Calochromus perfacetus Say.
1564. Lucidota atra Fabricius. MALACHID.E. >
1565. punctata Le Conte.
1566. Eilychnia corrusca Linnveus. 1613. Collops tricolor Say.
1567. Pyropyga nigricans Say. 1614. extmius Erichson.
1568. decipiens Harris. 1615. nigriceps Say.
1569. minuta Le Conte. 1616. 4-maculatus Fabricius.
1570. Pyractomena angulata Say. 1617. vittatus Say.
To 7A lucifera Melsheimer. 1618. Chetocelus setosus Le Conte.
1572. Photinus consanguineus Le Conte. 1619. Anthocomus flavilabris Say.
1573. pyralis Linneeus. 1620. Pseudebeus apicalis Say.
1574. scintillans Say. 1621. oblitus Le Conte.
1575. Photuris pennsylvanica De Geer. 1622. bicolor Le Conte.
1576. Phengodes.' 1623. Attalus terminalis Erichson.
1577. Tytthonyx erythrocephala Fabricius, 1624. granularis Erichson.
1578. Omethes marginatus Le Conte. 1625. morulus Le Conte.
1579. Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus De 1626. pallifrons Motschulsky.
; Geer. 1627. melanopterus Erichson.
1580. marginatus Fabri- 1628. otiosus Say.
clus, 1629. circumscriptus Say.
1581. Podabrus tricostatus Say. 1630. scincetus Say.
1582. rugosulus Le Conte.
1583. frater Le Conte. MELYRIDE.
ae penis ey 1631. Alymeris cribrata Le Conte.
1585. tomentosus Say. ;
1586. brunnicollis Le Conte. CLERIDZ.
1587. Silis peréomis Say.
1588. spathulata Le Conte. 1632. EHlasmocerus terminatus Say.
1589. Ditemnus bidentatus Say. 1633. Cymatodera brunnea Melsheimer.
1590. Telephorus excavatus Le Conte. 1634. imornata Say.
1591. vilis Le Conte. 1635. undulata Say.
1Unknown species, female.
NO. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. Dey
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
1636. Trichodes apivorus Germar.
1637. Clerus quadriguttatus Olivier.
1638. var. nigrifrons Say.
1639. rosmarus Say.
1640. ichneumoneus Fabricius.
1641. thoracicus Olivier.
1642. Thanasimus dubius Fabricius.
1643. Thaneroclerus sanguineus Say.
1644. tantillus Le Conte.
1645. Hydnocera unifasciata Say.
1646. humeralis Say.
1647. pallipennis Say.
1648. verticalis Say.
1649. tabida Le Conte.
1650. longicollis Ziegler.
1651. Phyllobenus dislocatus Say.
1652. Ichnea laticornis Say.
1653. Chariessa pilosa Say.
1654. var. onusta Say.
1655. Cregya vetusta Spinola.
1656. oculata Say.
1657. mixta Le Conte.
1658. Orthopleura damicornis Fabricius.
1659. tevana Bland.
1660. Necrohia rufipes Fabricius.
1661. ruficollis Fabricius.
1662. violacea Linnzeus.
DERODONTID.
1663. Derodontus inaculatus Melsheimer.
1664
1665. Gibbium psylloides Czenpinsk.
1666. Ptinus fur Linneeus.
1667. brunneus Duttschmid.
1668. quadrimaculatus Melsheimer.
1669. interruptus Le Conte.
1670. Eucrada humeralis Melsheimer.
1671. Ernobius mollis Fabricius.
1672. luteipennis Le Conte.
1673. filicornis Le Conte.
1674. granulatus Le Conte.
1675. Ozognathus floridanus Le Conte.
1676. Oligomerus sericans Melsheimer.
1677. alternatus Le Conte.
1678. obtusus Le Conte.
1679. Sitodrepa panicea Linneeus.
1680. ° Hadrobregmus errans Melsheimer.
1681 carinatus Say.
1682. Trichodesma gibbosa Say.
1683. Anobiium notatum Say.
. Laricobius erichsoni Rosenhauer.
PTINIDA.
1684.
1685,
1686.
1687.
1688.
1689.
1690.
1691.
1692.
1693.
1694.
1695.
1696.
1697.
1698.
1699.
1700.
1701.
1702.
1703.
1704.
1705.
1706.
1707.
1708.
1709.
1710.
iiyalite
1712.
1713.
1714.
1715.
1716.
ALgAlbyfe
1718.
1719.
1720.
1721.
1722.
Trypopitys sericeus Say.
Petalium bistriatum Say.
Theca profunda Le Conte.
Hupactus nitidus Le Conte.
Xyletinus peltatus Harris.
Lasioderma serricorne Fabricius.
Hemiptychus punctatus Le Conte.
gravis Le Conte.
ventralis Le Conte.
nigritulus Le Conte
Protheca hispida Le Conte.
puberula Le Conte.
Dorcatoma setulosum Le Conte.
incomptuim Le Conte.
pallicorne Le Conte.
Ceenocara oculata Say.
intermedia Le Conte.
Ptilinus ruficornis Say.
Endecatomus rugosus Randall.
BOSTRICHID 2.
Dinoderus minutus Fabricius.
thizopertha dominica Fabricius.
Stephanopachys cribratus Le Conte.
densus Le Conte.
rugosus Olivier.
Prostephanus punctatus Le Conte.
Tichenophanes truncaticollis Le
Conte.
armiger Le Conte.
bicornis Weber.
Schistocerus hamatus Fabricius.
Micrapate dinoderdides Horn.
cristicauda Casey.
Nylobiops basilaris Say.
texana Horn.
Scobicia bidentata Horn.
LYCTIDA.
Lyctus striatus Melsheimer.
opaculus Le Conte.
planicollis Le Conte.
Trogoxylon parallelopipedum Mels-
heimer.
CUPESID 2.
Cupes concolor Westwood.
LYMEX YLIDZ:.
Lymexylon sericeum Harris.
. Micromalthus debilis Le Conte.
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
CISID 24. 1764. Aphodius termininalis Say.
1765. bicolor Say. q
1725. Cis fuscipes Mellié. 1766. femoralis Say.
1726. creberrimus Mellié. 1767. oblongus Say.
"D7. Prachucis brevicolis Casey. oe ; ; :
Vi Brachycis brevicollis Casey. 1768. Dialytes truncatus Melsheimer.
1728. Orthocis punctatus Mellié. 1769. striatulus Say.
729 Mne /” a, PAY To a BY .
1729. Ennearthron thoracicorne Ziegler. 1770. Atwenius cylindrus Horn.
730. Ceracis sallei Mellié. 177A: abditus Haldeman.
1731. Rhipidandrus paradoxus Beauyois. — 1779. lecontei Harold.
: 1773. tecanus Harold.
SPHINDIDAL. a : 5 oes
1774. leviventris Horn.
1732. Sphindus americanus Le Conte. 1779. imbricatus Melsheimer.
1776. socialis Horn.
LUCANID.. LET ovatulus Horn.
1778. gracilis Melsheimer.
1733. Dnucanus elaphus Fabricius. 1779. figurator Harold.
1734. dama Thunberg. 1780. strigatus Say.
1735. Dorcus parallelus Say. 1781. cognatus Le Conte.
1736. Platycerus quercus Weber. 1782. Rhyssemus scaber Haldeman.
737. Ceruchus priceus Weber. 1783. Plewrophorus cesus Panzer.
17388. Nicagus obscurus Le Conte. 1784. ventralis Horn.
. 1785. Psammodius xgialioides Haldeman.
> 1Cr i 5 a
ASSALID A. 1786. interruptus Say.
1787. Aigialia new species.
1739. Passalus cornutus Fabricius. re :
1788. Ochodus musculus Say.
SCARAB EIDE. 1789. Bolbocerus farctus Fabricius.
1790. lazarus Fabricius.
1740. Canthon levis Drury. 1791. Odontxus cornigerus Melsheimer.
1741. vigilans Le Conte. 1792. Geotrupes splendidus Fabricius.
1742. viridis Beauvois. 1793. balyi Jekel.
1743. Cheridium histeroides Weber. 1794. semiopacus Jekel.
1744. Copris carolina Linnzeus. 1795. blackburnii: Fabricius.
1745. anaglyptica Say. 1796. egeriei Germar.
1746. minuta Drury. AGT. hornti Blanchard.
1747. Phaneus carnifex Linnezeus. 1798. Cleotus aphodioides Iliger.
1748. Onthophagus hecate Panzer. 1799. Trox monachus Herbst.
1749. janus Panzer. 1800. asper Le Conte.
1750. var. orpheus Panzer 1801. suberosus Fabricius.
1751. var. striatulus Beau- 1802. tuberculatus De Geer.
vols. 1803. erinaceus Le Conte.
1752. tuberculifrons Harold. 1804. capillaris Say.
1753. pennsylvanicus Harold. 1805. foveicollis Harold.
1754. Aphodius fimetarius Linneeus. 1806. terrestris Say.
1755. ruricola Melsheimer. 1807. scaber Linneeus.
1756. granarius Linneeus, 1808. Hoplia trivialis Harold.
1757. viltatus Say. 1809. mucorea Germar.
1758. lividus Olivier. 1810. modesta Haldeman.
1759. serval Say. 1811. Dichelonycha elongata Fabricius.
1760. inquinatus Herbst. 1812. fuscula Le Conte.
1761. leopardus Horn. 1813. Serica vespertina Gyllenhal. -
1762. rubeolus Beauvois. 1814. iricolor Say.
1763. stercorosus Melsheimer. 1815. sericea Iliger.
>
NO. 12.5. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 95
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
1816. Serica trociformis Burmeister. 1866. Strategus anteus Fabricius.
1817. Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabricius. 1867. Dynastes tityus Linnzeus.
1818. angustatus Beauyois. 1868. Phileurus valgus Fabricius.
1819. Diplotaxis sordida Say. 1869. Allorhina nitida Linnzeus.
1820. liberta Germar. 1870. Euphoria areata Fabricius.
1821. tristis Kirby. 1871. sepulchralis Fabricius.
1822. harperi Blanchard. 1872. fulgida Fabricius.
1823. Lachnosterna prununculina Bur- 1873. herbacea Olivier.
meister. 1874. ida Linnzeus.
1824. ephilida Say. 1875. Cremastochilus leucostictus Burmeis-
1825. glaberrima Blanchard. ter.
1826. gracilis Burmeister. 1876. variolosus Kirby.
1827. gibbosa Burmeister. ISM PTs canaliculatus Wirby.
1828. congrua Le Conte. 1878. castanee Knoch.
1829. inversa Horn. 1879. harristi Kirby.
1830. micans Knoch. 1880. Osmoderma eremicola Knoch.
SS: fusca Frohlich. 1881. scabrum Beauyois.
1832. arcuata Smith. 1882. Gnorimus maculosus Knoch.
1833. grandis Smith. 1883. Trichius piger Fabricius.
1834. dubia Smith. 1884. affinis Gory.
1835. hornii Smith. 1885. bibens Fabricius.
1856. marginalis Le Conte. 1886. viridulus Fabricius.
1837. fraterna Harris. 1887. Valgus canaliculatus Fabricius.
1838. nova Smith. 1888. squamiger Beauvois.
1839. luctuosa Horn.
1840. knochtii Gyllenhal. SPONDY LID.
1841. profunda Blanchard. teks eh
1849. balia Say. 1889. Parandra brunnea Fabricius.
1843. hirsuta Knoch. CERAMBYCID-E.
1844. ilicis Knoch.
1845. hirticula Knoch. 1890. Orthosoma brunneum Forster.
- 1846. parvidens Le Conte. 1891. Prionus laticollis Drury.
1847. quercus Knoch. 1892. pocularis Dalman.
1848. tristis Fabricius. 1893. imbricornis Linnzeus.
1849. Anomala marginata Fabricius. 1894. Sphenostethus taslei Buquet.
1850. binotata Gyllenhal. 1895. Asemum mestum Haldeman.
1851. undulata Melsheimer. 1896. Criocephalus obsoletus Randall.
1852. minuta Burmeister. 1897. agrestis Kirby.
1853. lucicola Fabricius. 1898. Smodicum cucujiforme Say.
1854. Strigoderma arboricola Fabricius. 1899. Hylotrupes bajulus Linnzeus.
1855. pygmeum Fabricius. 1900. ligneus Fabricius.
1856. Pelidnota punctata Linneeus. 1901. Phymatodes variabilis Fabricius.
1857. Cotalpa lanigera Linneeus. 1902. infuscatus Le Conte.
1858. Cyclocephala immaculata Burmeis- 1903. varius Fabricius.
ter. 1904. amanus Say.
1859. villosa Burmeister. 1905. Callidium antennatum Newman.
1860. Chalepus trachypygus Burmeister. 1906. janthinum Le Conte.
1861. Ligyrus gibbosus De Geer. 1907. aereum Newman.
1862. relictus Say. 1908. Gime rigida Say.
1863. Aphonus tridentatus Say. 1909. Gracilia minuta Fabricius.
1864. castaneus Melsheimer. 1910. Chion cinctus Drury.
1865. NXyloryctes satyrus Fabricius. 1911. Eburia quaarigeminata Say.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
GO!
1920.
TZ
1922.
19235
1924.
1925.
1926.
1927.
1928.
G29}
1930.
19S.
1932:
1938.
1934.
1935.
1936.
1937.
1938.
1939.
1940.
1941.
1942.
1943.
1944.
1945.
1946.
1947.
1948.
1949.
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.
1960.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Romaleum atomarium Drury.
rufulum Haldeman.
Elaphidion mucronatum Fabricius.
incertum Newman.
villosum Fabricius.
pumilum Newman.
subpubescens Le Conte.
unicolor Randall.
cinerascens Le Conte.
Tylonotus bimaculatus Haldeman.
Heterachthes quadrimaculatus New-
man.
ebenus Newman.
Curius dentatus Newman.
Phyton pallidum Say.
Obrium rubrum Newman.
Callimoxys sanguinicollis Olivier.
Molorchus bimaculatus Say.
Rhopalophorus longipes Say.
Tragidion coquus Linnzeus.
var. fulvipenne Say.
Purpuricenus humeralis Fabricius.
var. axillaris Halde-
man.
Batyle suturalis Say.
Stenosphenus notatus Olivier.
Cyllene pictus Drury.
robiniz Forster.
Calloides nobilis Say.
Arhopalus fulminans Fabricius.
Clytus marginicollis Laporte.
NXylotrechus colonus Fabricius.
sagittatus Germar.
quadrimaculatus Halde-
man.
Neoclytus scutellaris Olivier.
luscus Fabricius.
caprea Say.
erythrocephalus Fabricius.
longipes Kirby.
Clytanthus ruricola Olivier.
albofasciatus Laporte.
Microclytus gazellula Haldeman.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus Olivier.
Tillomorpha geminata Haldeman.
Euderces picipes Fabricius.
pimi Olivier.
Atimia confusa Say.
Distenia undata Olivier.
Desmocerus palliatus Forster.
Necydatis mellitus Say.
Encyclops coeruleus Say.
1961.
1962.
1965.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
1970.
Ose
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
White
1978.
1979.
1980.
1981.
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
1990.
oie
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
oo 7
1998.
USS)
2000.
2001.
2002.
2003.
2004.
2005.
2006.
2007.
2008.
2009.
2010.
2011.
2012.
Rhagium lineatum Olivier.
Centrodera decolorata Harris.
pica Haldeman.
Toxotus trivittatus Say.
Acmops discoidea Haldeman.
directa Newman.
Gaurotes cyanipennis Say.
Strangalia famelica Newman.
accuminata Olivier.
luteicornis Fabricius.
bicolor Swederus.
Typocerus zebratus Fabricius.
lunatus Fabricius.
velutinus Olivier.
lugubris Say.
sinuatus Newman.
Leptura emarginata Fabricius.
subhamata Randall.
lineola Say.
hematites Newman.
subargentata Kirby.
nitens Forster.
cordifera Olivier.
rubrica Jay.
circumdata Olivier.
vagans Olivier.
provima Say.
vittata Germar.
pubera Say.
mutabilis Newman.
Euryptera lateralis Olivier.
Cyrtinus pygmeus Haldeman.
Psenocerus supernotatus Say.
Monohammus titillator Fabricius.
confusor Kirby.
scutellatus Say.
Dorcaschema wildii Uhler.
alternatum Say.
nigrum Say.
Heteemis cinerea Olivier.
Cacoplia pullata Haldeman.
Goes tigrina De Geer.
pulchra Haldeman.
debilis Le Conte.
tessellata Haldeman.
pulverulenta Haldeman.
oculata Le Conte.
Plectrodera scalator Fabricius.
Acanthoderes quadrigibbus Say.
decipiens Haldeman.
morrisii Uhler.
Leptostylus aculiferus Say.
VOL, XXV.
a a
aati ait
i acer lt in
NO. 1275.
2013. Leptostylus parvus Le Conte.
2014. biustus Le Conte.
2015. commiatus Haldeman.
2016. collaris Haldeman.
2017. macula Say.
2018. Liopus variegatus Haldeman.
2019. crassulus Le Conte.
2020. fascicularis Harris.
2021. alpha Say.
2022. var. cinereus Le Conte.
2023. punctatus Le Conte.
2024. Dectes spinosus Say.
2025. Lepturges symmetricus Haldeman.
2026. quercus Fitch.
2027. signatus Le Conte.
2028. facetus Say.
2029. Hyperplatys aspersus Say.
2030. Urographis fasciata De Geer.
2031. Ceratographis pusilla Kirby.
2032. Acanthocinus obsoletus Olivier.
2033. nodosus Fabricius.
2034. Pogonocherus mixtus Haldeman.
2035. Heyrus dasycerus Say.
2036. Eupogonius tomentosus Haldeman.
2037. vestitus Say.
2038. pubescens Le Conte.
2039. subarmatus Le Conte.
2040. Oncideres cingulata Say.
2041. Ataxia crypta Say.
2042. Hippopsis lemniscata Fabricius.
2043. Saperda obliqua Say.
2044. candida Fabricius.
2045. discoidea Fabricius.
2046. lateralis Fabricius.
2047. tridentata Olivier.
2048. vestita Say.
2049. puncticollis Say.
2050. Oberea bimaculata Olivier.
2051. tripunctata Swederus.
2052. flavipes Haldeman.
2053. ocellata Haldeman.
2054. ' gracilis Fabricius.
2055. ruficollis Fabricius.
2056. Tetrops monostigma Haldeman.
2057. jucunda Le Conte.
2058. Tetraopes tetraophthalmus Forster.
2059. canteriator Drapiez.
2060. 5-maculatus Haldeman.
2061. Amphionycha flammata Newman.
2062. Dysphaga tenuipes Haldeman.
2065. levis Le Conte.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. Dk
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
2064.
2065.
2066.
2067.
2068.
2069.
2070.
2071.
2072.
2073.
2074.
2075.
2076
2077.
2078.
2079.
2080.
2081.
2082.
2083.
2084.
2085.
2086.
2087.
2088.
2089.
2090.
2091.
2092.
2095.
2094.
2095.
2096.
2097.
2098.
2099.
2100.
2101.
2102.
2103.
2104.
2105.
2106.
2107.
2108.
2109.
CHRYSOMELID.
Donacia cincticornis Newman.
palmata Olivier.
hypoleuca Lacordaire.
piscatriv Lacordaire.
subtilis Kunze.
porosicollis Lacordaire.
wqualis Say.
tuberculata Lacordaire.
distincta Le Conte.
pusilla Say.
metallica Ahrens.
flavipes Kirby.
Hemonia nigricornis Kirby.
Orsodacna atra Ahrens.
Zeugophora puberula Crotch.
Symeta ferruginea Germar,
Lema brunnicollis Lacordaire.
sayi Crotch.
6-punctata Olivier.
var. ephippiata Lacordaire.
3-lineata Olivier.
Crioceris asparagi Linnzeus.
12-punctata Linneeus.
Anomea laticlavia Forster.
Coscinopteru dominicana Fabricius.
Babia 4-guttata Olivier.
Saxinis omogera Lacordaire.
Chlamys plicata Fabricius.
var. assimilis Klug.
Exema gibber Olivier.
conspersa Mannerheim.
Bassareus congestus Fabricius.
formosus*Melsheimer.
var. sulphuripennis Mels-
heimer.
detritus Olivier.
mammifer Newman.
var. Mels-
heimer.
lituratus Fabricius.
luteipennis
var. lativittis Germar.
Cryptocephalus quadrimaculatusSay.
hinominis Newman.
quadruplex Newman.
guttulatus Olivier.
leucomelas Suffrian.
venustus Fabricius.
var. Fabri-
clus.
ornatus
28
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
2110.
2111.
2112.
2113:
2114.
2115.
2116.
Play.
2118.
Zi:
2120.
Az.
Pee
2123.
2124.
2125.
2126.
2127.
2128.
2129.
2130.
2131.
2132.
2133:
2134.
2135.
2136.
2137.
2138.
2139.
2140.
2141.
2142.
2143.
2144.
2145.
2146.
2147.
2148.
2149.
2150.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Cryptocephalus var. hamatus Mels-
heimer.
var. simplex Halde-
man.
insertus Haldeman.
calidus Suffrian.
albicans Haldeman.
gibbicollis Halde-
man.
trivittatus Olivier.
mutabilis Melshei-
mer.
var. dispersus Hal-
deman.
badius Suftrian.
schreibersii Suftrian.
striatulus Le Conte.
Griburius equestris Olivier.
Pachybrachys*' othonus Say.
trinotatus Melshei-
mer.
intricatus Suffrian.
tridens Melsheimer.
carbonarius Le
Conte.
luridus Fabricius.
atomarius Melshei-
mer.
infaustus Haldeman.
hepaticus Melshei-
mer.
subfasciatus
man.
dilatatus Suttrain.
Monachus ater Haldeman.
saponatus Fabricius.
Diachus auratus Fabricius.
levis Haldeman.
catarius Suffrian.
pallidicornis Suffrian.
Triachus atomus Suffrian.
vacuus Le Conte.
Fidia viticida Walsh.
longipes Melsheimer.
Xanthonia 10-notata Say.
villosula Melsheimer.
Myochrous denticollis Say.
Halde-
Glyptoscelis pubescens Fabricius.
barbata Say.
Graphops pubescens Melsheimer.
marcassita Crotch.
2151. Graphops curtipennis Melsheimer.
2152. Typophorus viridicyaneus Crotch.
2153. canellus Fabricius.
2154. var. 6-notata Say.
2155. var. 4-notata Say.
2156. var. aterrima Olivier.
2157. var. thoracica Mels’ ei-
mer,
2158. Metachroma quercatum Fabricius.
2159. pallidum Say.
2160. laterale Crotch.
2161. leevicolle Crotch.
2162. Chrysochus auratus Fabricius.
2163. Tymnes tricolor Fabricius.
2164. Colaspis brunnea Fabricius.
2165. Javosa Say.
2166. Rhabdopterus picipes Olivier.
2167. Nodonota puncticollis Say.
2168. tristis Olivier.
2169. Prasocuris varipes Le Conte.
2170. Labidomera clivicollis Kirby.
2171. Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.
2172. juncta Germar.
2173. Zygogramma suturalis Fabricius.
2174. Calligrapha similis Rogers.
2175. elegans Olivier.
2176. scalaris Le Conte.
2177. philadelphica Linnzeus.
2178. var. spire Say.
2179. bigsbyana Kirby.
2180. Plagiodera viridis Melsheimer.
2181. wruginosa Suffrian.
2182. Gastroidea cyanea Melsheimer.
2183. Lina lapponica Linneeus.
2184. scripta Fabricius.
‘2185. Monocesta coryli Say.
2186. Trirhabda tomentosa Linneeus.
2187. virgata Le Conte.
2188. Galerucella americana Fabricius
2189. 6-vittata Le Conte.
2190. rufosanguinea Say.
2191. integra Le Conte.
2192. notulata Fabricius.
2193. notata Fabricius.
2194. nymphee Linneeus.
2195. tuberculata Say.
2196. decora Say.
2197. xanthomelena Schrank.
2198. Diabrotica 12-punctata Fabricius.
2199. atripennis Say.
2200. vittata Fabricius.
1 Also some unrecognized forms.
oie
EE —————— ee Oe ee ee
29
Chetocnema pulicaria Melsheimer.
crenulata Croteh.
confinis Crotch.
minuta Melsheimer.
Systena hudsonias Forster.
frontalis Fabricius.
elongata Fabricius.
teeniata Say.
marginalis Mliger.
Glyptina spuria Le Conte.
brunnea Horn.
Aphthona insolita Melsheimer.
Phyllotreta sinuata Stephens.
vittata Fabricius.
bipustulata Fabricius.
picta Say.
Longitarsus melanurus Melsheimer.
testaceus Melsheimer.
subrufus Le Conte.
turbatus Horn.
pygmeus Horn.
Dibolia borealis Chevrolat.
Psylliodes convexior Le Conte.
Microrhopala vittata Fabricius.
xerene Newman.
excavata Olivier.
cyanea Say.
porcata Melsheiner.
melsheimert Crotch.
Odontota scapularis Olivier.
bicolor Olivier.
hormi Smith.
dorsalis Thunberg.
rubra Weber.
nervosa Panzer.
Charistena ariadne Newman.
Octotoma plicatula Olivier.
Stenispa metallica Fabricius.
Cassida nigripes Olivier.
bivittata Say.
Coptocycla clavata Fabricius.
signifera Herbst.
purpurata Boheman.
bicolor Fabricius.
Chelymorpha argus Lichtenstein.
BRUCHIDZ.
Spermophagus robinize Schonherr.
Bruchus pisorum Linneeus.
mimus Say.
chinensis Linnzeus.
4-maculatus Fabricius,
NO. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
2201. Phyllobrotica discoidea Fabricius. 2252).
2202. limbata Fabricius. 2253.
2203. Luperodes cyanellus Le Conte. 2254.
2204. meraca Say. 2250.
2205. Phyllechthrus dorsalis Olivier. 2256.
2206. gentilis Le Conte. 2257.
2207. Cerotoma trifurcata Forster. 2258.
2208. Blepharida rhois Forster. 2259.
2209. Pachyonychus paradoxus Melshei- 2260.
mer. 2261.
2210. IHypolampsis pilosa Iliger. 2262.
2211. Usdionychis gibbitarsis Say. 2263.
2212. thoracica Fabricius. 2264.
2213. . vians Iliger. 2265.
2214. fimbriata Forster. 2266.
52215, petaurista Fabricius. 2267.
2216. miniata Fabricius. 2268.
2217. indigoptera Le Conte. 2269.
2218. limbalis Melsheimer. 2270.
2219. 6-maculata Illiger. 2271.
2220. quercata Fabricius. 2272.
2221. Disonycha pennsylvanica Miiger. 2273.
2222. 5-viltata Say. 2274.
2223. crenicollis Say. 2275.
2224. caroliniana Fabricius. 2276.
2225. glabrata Fabricius. 2277.
2226. abbreviata Melsheimer. 2278.
2227. xanthomelena Dalman. 2279.
2228. collata Fabricius. 2280.
2229. Sphexroderma opima Le Conte. 2281.
2230. Haltica chalybea Mliger. 2282.
2231. ignita Illiger. 2283.
2232. ameena Horn. 2284.
2233 Juscoxnea Melsheimer. 2289.
2234 marevagans Horn. 2286.
2235 rufa Haldeman. 2287.
2236. Lactica iris Olivier. 2288.
2237 tibialis Olivier. 2289.
2238. Diphaulaca bicolorata Horn. 2290.
2239. Orthaltica copalina Fabricius. 229i
2240. Crepidodera rufipes Linnzeus. 2292.
224], helxines Linneeus. 2293.
2949. atriventris Melsheimer. 2294.
2243. Epitrix cucumeris Harris. 2295.
2244, fuscula Crotch. 2296.
2245. parvula Fabricius.
2246. Luperaltica fuscula Le Conte.
2247. Mantura floridana Crotch. 2297.
2248. Chetocnema subcylindrica Le Conte. 2298.
2249. protensa Le Conte. 2299.
2250, denticulata Mliger. 2300.
2201, parcepunctata Crotch. 2301.
0)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
LIST OF SPECIES—OContinued.
2302. Bruchus discoideus Say.
2303.
2304.
2305.
2306.
2307.
2308.
2309.
2310.
2311.
2312.
2313.
2314.
2316.
2316.
2317.
2318.
2319.
2320
2321.
2322.
2328.
2324.
2325.
2326.
9397
404/.
2328.
2329.
2330.
awe
2331.
9339
2333
2334.
2335.
2396.
oor
233 :
2338.
99
2339.
2340.
2541.
2342.
2343.
2544.
2345.
2346.
2347.
2348.
2349.
Se
2350.
2051.
bivulneratus Horn.
cruentatus Horn.
nigrinus Horn.
alboscutellatus Horn.
perforatus Horn.
distinguendus Horn.
fraterculus Horn.
obsoletus Say.
obtectus Say.
hibisci Olivier.
longistylus Horn.
musculus Say.
exiguus Horn.
seminulum Horn.
macrocerus Horn.
Zabrotes obliteratus Horn.
subnitens Horn.
TENEBRIONID.
dpitragus arundinis Le Conte.
Phellopsis obcordata Kirby.
Blaps similis Latreille.
Polypleurus geminatus Solier.
Alobates pennsulvanica De Geer.
Merinus levis Olivier.
Haplandrus femoratus Fabricius.
ater Le Conte.
Scotobates calearatus Fabricius.
NXylopinus rufipes Say.
saperdioides Olivier.
zenescens Le Conte.
Tenebrio obscurus Fabricius.
molitor Linnzeus.
castaneus Knoch.
tenebrioides Beauvois.
Opatrinus notus Say.
Blapstinus meestus Melsheimer.
interruptus Say.
metallicus Fabricius.
Tribolium ferrugineum Fabricius.
confusum Duval.
Lyphia ficicola Mulsant.
Dicedus punctatus Le Conte.
Ychocerus maxillosus Fabricius.
dentiger Chittenden.
Alphitobius diapertnus Panzer.
Uloma impressa Melsheimer.
imberbis Le Conte.
punctulata Le Conte.
Eutochia picea Melsheimer.
Aniedus brunneus Ziegler.
2352.
2353.
2354.
2355.
2356.
DBO
2358.
2359.
2360.
2361.
2362.
2363.
2364.
2365.
2366.
2367.
2368.
2369.
2370.
Zonile
2372.
2373.
2374.
23795.
2376.
Deriiite
2378.
2379.
2380.
2381.
2382.
2383.
2384.
2385.
2386.
2387.
2388.
2389.
2590.
2391.
2392.
2393.
2394.
2399.
2596.
2397.
2398.
2399.
2400.
2401.
Paratenetus punctatus Solier.
Jfuscus Le Conte.
gibbipennis Motschulsky.
Prateus fusculus Le Conte.
Diaperis hydni Fabricius.
Arrhenoplita bicornis Olivier.
viridipennis Fabricius.
Platydema excavatum Say.
erythrocerum Laporte.
ruficolle Laporte.
ruficorne Sturm.
flavipes Fabricius.
ellipticum Fabricius.
micans Horn.
crenatum Le Conte.
picilabrum Melsheimer.
subcostatum Laporte.
Phylethus bifasciatus Say.
Palorus ratzeburgi Wissmann.
subdepressus Wollaston.
Hypophleus parallelus Melsheimer.
cavus Le Conte.
thoracicus Melsh: imer.
piliger Le Conte.
Pentaphyllus pallidus Le Conte.
Boletotherus bifurcus Fabricius.
Boletophagus corticola Say.
Helops micans Fabricius.
americanus Beauvois.
venustus Say.
ereus Germar.
Meracantha contracta Beauvois.
Slrongylium tenuicolle Say.
terminatum Say.
CISTELID.
Allecula punctulata Melsheimer.
atra Say.
Hymenorus niger Melsheimer.
pilosus Melsheimer.
obscurus Say.
communis Le Conte.
rufipes Le Conte.
Cistela brevis Say.
marginata Ziegler.
Tsomira valida Schwarz.
sericea Say.
quadristriata Couper.
Mycetochares haldemani Le Conte.
fraterna Say.
binotata Say.
foveata Le Conte,
a it itl ah eh i a il i | | hs ln
ee ee
2) Bt he a elle ted
= .
| No. 1275. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 351
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
2402. Chromatia amena Say. 2445. Salpingus virescens Le Conte.
2403. Capnochroa fuliginosa Melsheimer. 2446. Rhinosimus viridiwneus Randall.
2404. Androchirus fuscipes Melsheimer. 5
2405. femoralis Olivier. (EDEMERID£.
LAGRUDA. 2447. Microtonus sericans Le Conte.
. 2448. Nacerdes melanura Linnzeus.
2406. Arthromacra SAY: : 2449. Oxacis thoracica Fabricius.
2407. Statira resplendens Melsheimer. 2450 teeniata Le Conte
2408. gagatina Melsheimer. 2451. Probosca pleuralis Le Conte.
MONOMMID.E. 2452. Asclera ruficollis Say.
2453. puncticollis Say.
2409. Hyporhagus punctulatus Thomson.
a E e s MORDELLID 2.
MELANDRYIDE.
2410. Tetratoma truncorum Le Conte. ee : wares rypase rae. eres
| 2411. tessellata Melsheimer. Sieh ; ae ee ota on
2412. Pisenus humeralis Kirby. ses Poe am ne ee
2413. Penthe obliquata Fabricius. Re eRe ee ve
| ee ee MON nl 2458. inclusa Le Conte.
«2414. pimelia Fabricius. .
re feroes ; 2459. Mordella melena Germar.
| 2415. Synchroa punctata Newman. Seah
| = eee AS ek eae 2460. scutellaris Fabricius.
— 2416. EHustrophus bicolor Fabricius. : ; :
| = es 2461. irrorata Le Conte.
| 2417. repandus Horn. baie
| : ea 2462. 8-punctata Fabricius.
me2418. tomentosus Say. 9463 a enriches 5
2419. Holostrophus bifasciatus Say. Seen margyudia Meisnelmer.
94: , Sea onA aie 2464. lunulata Helmuth.
2420. Orchesia castanea Melsheimer. DARE hii Ga
2421. gracilis Melsheimer. = ae ar Panes Yas
9< . ee 2466. serval Say.
2422. Hallomenus scapularis Melsheimer. = re
9 7 ‘ 2467. oculata Say.
2423. debilis Le Conte. Oe ce iy
2424. Microscapha clavicornis Le Conte. ree as keer :
on : Ei 2469. undulata Melsheimer.
2425. Melandrya striata Say. 9470 eR DSC
2426. Carebara longula Le Conte. a id j seen =e oe
CT. cs é aaa 2471. discoidea Melsheimer.
2427. Spilotus 4-pustulosus Melsheimer. ns ; aps :
¢ eye . 2472. Mordellistena bicinctella Le Conte.
2428. Enchodes sericea Haldeman. Ss ; :
19¢ See Te 2473. arida Le Conte.
2429. Mystaxia simulator Newman. 2474 Ieee Malcesine
2430. Hypulus lituratus Le Conte. aes ae SEA
= 2478. trifasciata Say.
2431. concolor Le Conte. Sie si :
29 ; 2476. lepidula Le Conte.
2432. vaudouert Mulsant. cars : ; :
Bag 5. mene 4 2477. limbalis Melsheimer
2433. Symphora flavicollis Haldeman. atte : ;
j : 2478. biplagiata Helmuth.
2434. rugosa Haldeman. = os ,
9497 . ; : em 2479. vapida Le Conte.
2455. Anisorya glaucula Le Conte. ‘ is
PE cet oan es : 2480. decorella Le Conte.
2456. Scraptia sericea Melsheimer. 248] Bo coiiige MT Gia Oy
2437. Allopoda lutea Haldeman. Sree é De oP SUR
2458. Canifa plagiata Melsheimer. ae 2
Birac eae 2482. ornata Melsheimer.
2439. pusilla Haldeman. 2489 aria Le. Cont
2440, pallipes Melsheimer. ee : ee x a a Res
2441. Nothus varians Le Conte. ae aay ae at
2442. Mycterus scaber Haldeman. arse He eee
2486. var. cervicalis Le
PYTHIDE. . Conte.
2487. Var. picicornis Le
2443. Boros unicolor Say. Conte.
2444. Pytho americanus Kirby. 2488, amica Le Conte.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
2489.
2490.
2491.
2492.
2493.
2494.
2495.
2496.
2497.
2498.
2499.
2500.
2501.
2902.
2503.
2504.
2505.
2506.
2507.
2508.
2509.
2510.
2011.
2512.
2515.
2514.
2515.
2516,
2017.
2518.
2019.
2520
2021.
ORO«
avec.
9522
D mit De
2524
2020.
2526
2027.
2528.
2529.
2530.
2031.
9ORQ9
2002.
ORI
2539.
2504.
ORO
L000.
9536
2000.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
Mordellistena aspersa Melsheimer.
picilabris Helmuth.
infima Le Conte.
andrex Le Conte.
grammica Le Conte.
ancilla Le Conte.
varians Le Conte.
ustulata Le Conte.
semiusta Le Conte.
impatiens Le Conte.
nigricans Melsheimer.
ruficeps Le Conte.
pustulata Melsheimer.
convicta Le Conte.
fuscipennis Melshei-
mer.
morula Le Conte.
ambusta Le Conte,
unicolor Le Conte.
marginalis Say.
pubescens Fabricius.
var. leporina Le Conte.
var. hebraica Le Conte.
bihamata Melsheimer.
liturata Melsheimer.
fuscata Melsheimer.
suturella Helmuth.
attenuata Say.
discolor Melsheimer.
ANTHICIDA.
Stereopalpus mellyi Laferté.
Corphyra terminalis Say.
labiata Say.
lugubris Say.
collaris Say.
Nylophilus melsheimeri Le Conte.
basalis Le Conte.
nebulosus Le Conte.
fasciatus Melsheimer.
subfasciatus Le Conte.
notatus Le Conte.
piceus Le Conte.
brunnipennis Le Conte.
impressus Le Conte.
Macratria confusa Le Conte.
muring Fabricius.
Notoxus anchora Hentz.
monodon Fabricius.
bicolor Say.
Mecynotarsus candidus Le Conte.
2537. Tomoderus constrictus Say.
2538. Anthicus sturmii Laferté.
2539. myrmecoides Hamilton.
2540. cinctus Say.
2541. ftoralis Linnzeus.
2542. vicinus Laferté.
2543. confusus Le Conte.
2544, scabriceps Le Conte.
2545. cervinus Laferté.
2546. latebrans Le Conte.
2547 spretus Le Conte.
2548. pubescens Le Conte.
2549. fulvipes Laferté.
2550. haldemani Le Conte.
PYROCHROID..
2551. Ischalia costata Le Conte.
2552. Pyrochroa flabellata Fabricius.
2553. femoralis Le Conte.
2554. Dendroides canadensis Latreille.
MELOID.
2555. Meloe angusticollis Say.
2556. americanus Leach.
2557. meerens Le Conte.
2558. Tricrania sanguinipennis Say.
2559. Nemognatha nemorensis Hentz.
2560. cribraria Le Conte.
2561. Zonitis bilineata Say.
2562. Hornia minutipennis Riley.
2568. Macrobasis unicolor Kirby.
2564. Epicauta pennsylvanica De Geer.
2565. cinerea Forster.
2566. vittata Fabricius.
2567. lemniscata Fabricius.
2568. strigosa Schonherr.
2569. trichrus Pallas.
2570. Pyrota germari Haldeman.
2571. linbalis Le Conte.
2572. Pomphopoa enea Say.
RHIPIPHORIDE.
2573. Pelecoloma flavipes Melsheimer.
2574. Rhipiphorus pectinatus Fabricius.
2575. cruentus Germar.
2576. limbatus Fabricius.
2577. Myodites fasciatus Say.
2578. var. stylopides Newman.
STYLOPID.
2579. Nenos peckii Kirby.
VOL. XXV.
iat es
ye
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
3d
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
NO. 1275.
RHINOMACERID.
2580. Rhinomacer pilosus Le Conte.
2581. elongatus Le Conte.
RHYNCHITID A.
2582. Auletes cassandre Le Conte.
2583. Hugnamptus angustatus Herbst.
2584. collaris Fabricius.
2585. Rhynchites hirtus Fabricius.
2586. zwneus Boheman.
2587. wratus Say.
2588. Pterocolus ovatus Fabricius.
ATTELABID.
2589. Attelabus analis Lliger.
2590. nigripes Le Conte.
2591. bipustulatus Fabricius.
OTIORH Y NCHID 2.
2592. Epicerus imbricatus Say.
2593. Hormorus undulatus Uhler.
2594. Panscopus erinaceus Say.
2595. Phyxelis rigidus Say.
2596. Otiorhynchus ovatus Linneeus.
2597. sulcatus Fabricius.
2598. Cercopeus chrysorhaus Say.
2599. Tanymecus confertus Gylenhal.
2600. Pandeletejus hilaris Herbst.
2601. Brachystylus acutus Say.
2602. Aramigus fulleri Horn.
2603. Aphrastus teniatus Gyllenhal.
CURCULIONIDA,.
2604. Sitones flavescens Marsham.
2605. hispidulus Germar.
2606. Ithycerus noveboracensis Forster.
2607. Apion impeditum Fall.
2608. impunctistriatum Smith.
2609. coracellum Fall.
2610. atripes Smith.
2611. finitimum Fall.
2612. melanarium Gerstiicker.
2613. robustum Smith.
2614. minutum Smith.
2615. pennsylvanicum Boheman.
2616. perminutum Smith.
2617. reclusum Fall.
2618. coxvale Fall.
2619. tenvirostrum Smith.
2620. ewneipenne Smith.
2621. Apion patruele Smith.
2622. walshit Smith.
2623. perforicolle Fall.
2624. novellum Fall.
2625. turbulentum Smith.
2626. griseum Smith.
2OQiM: porcatum Boheman.
2628. rostrum Say.
2629. nigrum Herbst.
2630. segnipes Say.
2631. ventricosum Le Conte.
2632. decoloratum Fall.
2633. emactipes Fall.
2634. carinatum Smith.
2635, parallelum Smith.
2636. puritanum Fall.
ae
2637.
2638
herculanum Smith.
. Podapion gallicola Riley.
2639. Phytonomus comptus Say.
2640.
punctatus Schonherr.
2641. Listronotus tuberosus Le Conte.
2642. callosus Le Conte.
2643. inequalipennis Bohe-
man.
2644. “‘caudatus Say.
2645. appendiculatus Bohe-
man.
2646. sulcirostris Le Conte.
2647. latiusculus Boheman.
2648. “acrops solutus Boheman.
2649. sparsus Say.
2650. porcellus Say.
2651. Pissodes strobi Peck.
2652. Péchylobius picivorus Germar.
2653. Hylobius pales Herbst.
2654. Eudocimus mannerheimii Boheman
2655. Liavus terminalis Le Conte.
2656. rectus Le Conte.
2657. concavus Say.
2658, musculus Say.
2659. scrobicollis Boheman.
2660. sylvius Boheman.
2661. juelichi Casey.
2662. Dorytomus brevicollis Le Conte.
2663. Pachyphanes ameenus Say.
2664. Smicronyx squalidus Casey.
2665. tesselatus Dietz.
2666. languidulus Dietz.
2667. atratus Dietz.
2668. congestus Casey.
2669. sculpticollis Casey.
2670. apionides Casey.
Proc, N, M. vol. xxv—02——3
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
2671. Smicronyx nebulosus Dietz.
2672. maculatus Dietz.
2673. corniculatus Fabricius.
2674. lanuginosus Dietz.
2675. sparsus Casey.
2676. Promecotarsus gibbirostris Casey.
2677. Phyllotrox ferrugineus Le Conte.
2678. Brachybamus electus Germar.
2679. Onychylis nigrirostris Boheman.
2680. Endalus limatulus Gylenhal.
2681. cribricollis Le Conte.
2682. ovalis Le Conte.
2683. Tanysphyrus lemne Fabricius.
2684. Anchodemus angustus Le Conte.
2685. Lissorhoptus simplec Say.
2686. apiculatus Gyllenhal.
2687. Bagous! mamimillatus Say.
2688. magister Le Conte.
2689. transversus Le Conte.
2690. bituberosus Le Conte.
2691. Otidocephalus myrmex Herbst.
2692. chevrolati Horn.
2693. leevicollis Horn.
2694. scrobicollis Boheman.
2695. Magdalis perforata Horn.
2696. olyra Herbst.
2697. hispoides Le Conte.
2698. pandura Say.
2699. pallida Say.
2700. Tachypterus quadrigibbus Say.
2701. Anthonomus rubidus Le Conte.
2702. gularis Le Conte.
2708. virgo Dietz.
2704. sycophanta Walsh.
2705. suturalis Le Conte.
2706. corvulus Le Conte.
2707. subguttatus Dietz.
2708. signatus Say.
2709. consimilis Dietz.
2710. musculus Say.
ele sulcifrons Le Conte.
Bile mterstitialis Dietz.
2713: nigrinus Boheman.
2714. seutellatus Gy llenhal.
2715. juniperinus Sanborn.
2716. orchestoides Dietz.
Dialga disjuncius Le Conte.
2718. subjasciatus Le Conte.
2719. robustulus Le Conte.
2720. moleculus Casey.
2721.
ungularis Le Conte.
bo bo bo bs b& bo bk
bo bo
ES
NNNNNW
oe
bo
2
bo
oO 09 08 CO O9
ONO
2 oO
or
bo bo bo bd bw bo
Tey) aT) od ey ee ee Tel) eed en on bese
Os
—_—
co tw
9 OS
bo bo
oo
OO
2739.
2740.
2741.
2742.
2743.
2744.
2745.
2746.
2747.
2748.
2749.
2750.
2701.
2752.
2753.
2754.
2795.
2756.
2107.
2758.
2109.
2760.
2/61.
2762.
2763.
2764.
2765.
2766.
2767.
2768.
2769.
Anthonomus nubilus Le Conte.
elongatus Le Conte.
Pseudanthonomus crategi Walsh.
‘ incipiens Dietz.
seriesetosus Dietz.
longulus Dietz.
rufulus Dietz.
Xanthus pygmeus Dietz.
hiliputanus Dietz.
Elleschus ephippiatus Say.
2. Acalyptus carpini Herbst.
Orchestes salicis Linnzeus.
niger Horn.
pallidicornis Say.
betuleti Horn. —
Prionomerus calceatus Say.
Piazorhinus scutellaris Say.
pictus Le Conte.
Thysanocnemis helvolus Le Conte.
fraxini Le Conte.
Plocetes ulini Le Conte.
Gymnetron teter Fabricius.
Miarus hispidulus Le Conte.
Lexmosaccus plagiatus Fabricius.
Conotrachelus juglandis Le Conte.
albicinctus Le Conte.
nenuphar Herbst.
seniculus Le Conte.
afinis Boheman.
elegans Say.
crategi Walsh.
naso Le Conte.
posticatus Boheman.
geminatus Le Conte.
cribricollis Say.
tuberosus Le Conte.
anaglypticus Say.
Jissunguis Le Conte.
erinaceus Le Conte.
hispidus Le Conte.
Rhyssematus lineaticollis Say.
wqualis Horn.
Chalcodermus collaris Horn.
Microhyus setiger Le Conte.
Acamptus rigidus Le Conte.
Acalles carinatus Le Conte.
sordidus Le Conte.
clavatus Say.
pectoralis Le Conte.
crassulus Le Conte.
Tyloderma foveolatum Say.
1Two undetermined species.
eee
a
i ll i EN tl
he itis
— ee
Ri i i ii i i i ta i i i a i
4
” Sopa art
try
BRETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. BD
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
No. 1275.
2773. Tuloderma fragarix Riley.
2774. wrewmn Say.
2775. Phyrdenus undatus Le Conte.
2776. Cryptorhynchus parochus Herbst.
2777. bisignatus Say.
2778. fuscatus Le Conte.
2779. obtentus Herbst.
2780. fallax Le Conte.
2781. minutissimus Le
Conte.
2782. tristris Le Conte.
2783. Jerratus Say.
2784. Piazurus oculatus Say.
2785. Copturus binotatus Le Conte.
2786. nanulus Le Conte.
2787. longulus Le Conte.
2788. quercus Say.
2789. minutus Le Conte.
2790. Acoptus sutwralis Lo Conte.
2791. Tachygonus lecontei Gylenhal.
2192. - tardipes Le Conte.
2793. Mononychus vulpeculus Fabricius.
2794. Craponius inwqualis Say.
2795. Acanthoscelis curtus Say.
2796. acephalus Say.
2197 tachygonoides Dietz.
2798. Auleutes nebulosus Le Conte.
2799. asper Le Conte.
2800. Pelenosomus cristatus Dietz.
2801. Acallodes ventricosus Le Conte.
2802. Ceutorhynchus rape Gyllenhal.
2808. sulcipennis Le Conte.
2804. “pusio Le Conte.
2805. atriculus Dietz.
2806. anthonomoides Dietz.
2807. squamatus Le Conte.
2808. siculus Dietz.
2809. erythropus Dietz.
2810. septentrionalis Gyl-
lenhal.
2811. puberulus Le Conte.
2812. zimmermanni — Gy1-
lenhal.
2813. Celogaster zimmermanni Gyllenhal.
2814. Perigaster cretura Herbst.
2815. Pelenomus sulcicollis Fabricius.
2816. Rhinoncus pericarpius Linneeus.
2817. pyrrhopus Le Conte.
2818. longulus Le Conte.
2819. Baris uinbilicata Le Conte.
2820. tumescens Le Conte.
2821. subeenea Le Conte.
2822.
2823.
2824.
2825.
2826.
2827.
2828.
2829.
2830.
2831.
2832.
2833.
2834.
2835.
2836.
2837.
2838.
2839.
2840.
2841.
2842.
2845.
2844.
2845.
2846.
2847.
2848.
2849.
2850.
2851.
2852.
2853.
2854.
2855.
2856.
2897.
2858.
2859.
2860.
2861.
2862.
2865.
2864.
2865.
2866.
2867.
2868.
2869.
2870.
Baris dolosa Casey.
conjinis Le Conte.
discipula Casey.
Plesiobaris T-signum Boheman.
disjuncta Casey.
Glyptobaris rugicollis Le Conte.
Onychobaris pectorosa Le Conte.
Madarellus undulatus Say.
Aulobaris pusilla Le Conte.
scolopax Sav.
Ampeloglypter ater Le Conte.
longipennis Casey.
Desmoglyptus crenatus Le Conte.
Pseudobaris pectoralis Le Conte.
nigrina Say.
Trichobaris trinotata Say.
Centrinus picumnus Herbst.
albotectus Casey.
perscillus Gyllenhal.
clarescens Casey.
perscitus Herbst.
penicellus Herbst.
scutellum-album Say.
Centrinopus alternatus Casey.
Nicentrus lineicollis Boheman.
Limnobaris bracata Casey.
limbifer Casey.
grisea Le Conte.
confusa Boheman.
confinis Le Conte.
concurrens Casey.
calva Le Conte.
Oligolochus converus Le Conte.
Idiostethus tubulatus Say.
Stethobaris corpulenta Le Conte.
ovata Le Conte.
Zaglyptus striatus Le Conte.
sulcatus Le Conte.
Oomorphidius levicollis Le Conte.
Barinus cribricollis Le Conte.
curticollis Casey.
Barilepton filiforme Le Conte.
Plocamus hispidulus Le Conte.
Balaninus caryatrypes Boheman.
quercus Horn.
uniformis Le Conte.
nasicus Say.
rectus Say.
BRENTHID ZZ.
Hupsalis minuta Drury.
36 PROCESDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
CALANDRID A. 2916. Cryphalus rigidus Le Conte.
2917. Ccecotrypes dactyliperda Fabricius.
2871. Rhodobenus 13-punctatus Mliger. :
2918. Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood.
2872. Sphenophorus ochreus Le Conte.
9973, ineequalis Say. 2919. dissimilis Zimmer-
2874. pertinax Olivier. 2990. Pityor betes ean ne
2875. Reais OLE. 2920. Pityophthorus minutissimus Zimmer-
2876. sculptilis Uhler. es . a ea
O877, OT arAIChe ae pullus UNITE ls
2878. melanocephalus Fabri- 9 ~~~ paliconiiss Ave oes
3 et 2923 ae s Le Conte
2879. placidus Say. Sh : 4a rac ; fe :
2880. parvulus Gyllenhal. oe ila anki ipo Sol
288]. gerinart Horn. 2925. consimilis Le Conte.
2882. Calandra oryze Linneeus. eae harticeps Le Conte.
2883, granaria Linnzeus. 2927. Pityogenes plagiatus-Le Conte. 4
2928. Nylocleptes decipiens Le Conte.
2884. Dryophthorus corticalis Say. 4 ; ; :
2929. Tomicus calligraphus Germar.
2885. Himatium errans Le Conte.
2886. conicum Le Conte. 293 ; cacographus Le Conte.
2887. Cossonus impressifrons Boheman. pate poi Say. :
2888. Stenomimus pallidus Boheman. Be avulsus Eichhott.
2889. Phleophagus apionides Horn. 2933. celatus Kichhoff.
2290, aiaartlcn 2934. Dryocetes granicollis Le Conte.
2891. Wollastonia quercicola Boheman. 2939. Micracis suturalis Le Conte.
2892. Amaurorhinus nitens Horn. 2926. opacicollis Le Conte.
2937. rudis Le Conte.
2893. Pentarthrinus parvicollis Casey.
2804. Hexrarthrum ulkei Horn. 2938. Thysanoes fimbricornis Le Conte.
rs | 9OS Y ay MW IYIALR ite
2895. Rhyncolus oregonensis Horn. 2939. Gnathotrichus materiarius Fitch.
7
|
2896. Stenoscelis brevis Boheman. 2940. asperulus Le Conte. j
2941. Nyleborus tachygraphus Zim mer-
SCOL Y TID At. mann.
2897. Scolytus quadrispinosus Say. 2942. dispar Fabricius.
2898. rithicus Saw? celsus Eichhoff, female.
2899. rugulosus Ratzeburg. 2945, [Piva Le Conte,
2900. Chramesus icoriz Le Conte. male.
2901. Phleotribus liminaris Harris. fuscatus Kichhoff, female.
9902. frontalis Fabricius. 2944. planicolis Zimmermann,
2903. Hylesinus fasciatus Le Conte. male. ‘
2904. hile Sue pubescens Zimmermann,
2905. opaculus Le Conte. 2045. female.
2906. Cnesimus strigicollis Le Conte. retusicollis Zimmermann,
2907. Phiwosinus dentatus Say. male.
2908. Carphoborus bifurcus Zimmermann. 2946. vylographus Say.
2909. Dendroctonus terebrans Olivier. 2947. Nyloterus scabricollis Le Conte.
2910. frontalis Zimmer- 2948. politus Say.
mann. 2949. Corthylus punctatissimus Zinmer-
2911. Hylastes porculus Erichson. mann.
2912. cavernosus Zimmermann. 2950. Monarthrum fasciatum Say.
2913. tenuis Zimmermann. 2951. mali Fitch.
2914. Hylurgops pinifex Fitch. 2952. Platypus flavicornis Fabricius.
2915. Crypturgus alutaceus Schwarz. 2953. quadridentatus Olivier.
NO. 1275.
‘BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 3
~I
LIST OF SPECIES—Continued.
ANTHRIBID.
2954. Eurymycter fasciatus Olivier.
2955. Tropideres bimaculatus Olivier.
2996. rectus Le Conte.
2957. Hormiscus saltator Le Conte.
2958. Toxotropis pusillus Le Conte.
2959. fasciaius Le Conte.
2960. Eusphyrus walshii Le Conte.
2961. Piezocorynus dispar Gyllenhal.
2962. moestus Le Conte.
2963. miartus Le Conte.
2964. Anthribus cornutus Say.
2965. Craloparis lunatus Fabricius.
2966. lugubris Olivier.
2967. Brachytarsus alternatus Say.
2968. limbatus Say.
2969. tomentosus Say.
2970. variegatus Say.
2971. Anthribulus rotundatus Le Conte.
2972. Choragus zimmermanni Le Conte.
2973. suyt Le Conte.
2974. nitens Le Conte.
2975. Euxenus punctatus Le Conte.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES.
CICINDELID.
Tetracha virginica, not common; single
specimens have been found at various
places.
Cicindela rugifrons, on the hills near Ben-
nings Station, not rare many years ago,
but not found again; sexguttata, com-
mon in the woods in early spring; pur-
purea, rare; vulgaris and repanda, com-
mon everywhere on open sandy places,
especially near water; /irticollis and
marginata, on sand banks of the lower
Potomac, where the water begins to be
brackish; punctulata, our commonest
species, abundant in the streets and
attracted by electric lights; rufiventris,
not rare in the fall, across the Free
Bridge, also found at Bladensburg
JARABID A.
Omophron labiatum, hitherto only found
at electric lights in June; americanum,
common along the Potomac and East-
ern Branch.
Cychrus stenostomus, in woods at various
places during the whole year; e/evatus,
like stenostomus, not common; wnicolor,
across the Free Bridge, not rare in
former years; viduus, found only once
near Chain Bridge.
Carabus. All species are found in woods
at various places; limbatus, very com-
mon; sylvosus, rather rare.
All species are extremely
abundant at electric lights, but not
commonly found elsewhere.
Calosoma.
Elaphrus riparius and ruscarius, on mud
banks along streams.
Notiophilus. The species are common in
dry woods under old leaves.
Nebria pallipes, along
courses.
Pasimachus depressus,
common water
rather common
under stones and logs in dry places;
sublevis, the same, but rare.
Scarites subterraneus, very Common every-
where under stones in the ground.
Dyschirius common under
leaves in rather wet places; hemorrhoid-
near pools of stagnant water;
sphericollis, along the Potomac; pumilus
and pilosus, the same.
globulosus,
alis,
Clivina punctigera, only a few specimens
were found at electric lights; planicollis,
rare; all the other species are common
along the Potomac and Eastern Branch,
under stones in moist places.
Aspidoglossa subangulata, along the Poto-
mac, not common, but more abundantly
found at electric lights.
Schizogenius, abundant along streams.
Ardistomis obliquata, not common, on the
Eastern Branch, near Bennings; viridis,
very abundant along the Potomac.
Panageus fasciatus, on grassy hills under
flat stones, not uncommon at electric
lights.
Bembidium punctatostriatum. Thisand all
the other species occur along the water
courses, especially on sandy and pebbly
places.
Anillus fortis, our only blind Carabid,
found under deeply interred stones.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Tachys. Allthe species occur abundantly
along streams, except nanus and flavi-
cauda, Which are common under bark
of decaying logs.
Pericompsus ephippiatus. along the shore
of the Potomac.
Patrobus longicornis, common with Nebria
pallipes.
Myas coracinus, two specimens found some
years ago in the woods near Mount
Pleasant.
Pterostichus. The species are more or less
common in the woods. Among the
less common species are ebenus, diligen-
dus, rotundatus, approximatus, and gravis
of which only two specimens were
found.
Evarthrus, like Pterostichus, rather rare.
Amara, found more or less common
everywhere, in woods, on hills, along
streams, etc.; only crassispina and cu-
preolata are less frequent.
Loxandrus, common on swampy places ~
across the Free Bridge.
Diplochila laticollis, not very common
along the river.
Dicelus, not rare under stones and logs.
Badister notatus and reflexus common in
moist places under old leaves; flavipes,
very rare; pulchellus and
found only at electric lights; only two
specimens of the latter have been
found.
Calathus, very common everywhere.
Platynus caudatus, very rare in moist
places in spring; picticornis, only one
specimen found at electric light; sinu-
atus, not rare under loose bark of trees;
the others are all more or less common
under old rubbish along the streams.
Olisthopus parmatus, common;
rare.
Perigona, both species found once gre-
gariously in moist places.
Atranus pubescens, very common under
old leaves in moist grounds.
Leptotrachelus dorsalis, not common.
maculatus
MICANS,
Casnonia pennsylvanica, extremely com-
mon; ludoviciana, apparently not rare
in swamps near Eastern Branch.
Galerita janus, very common, bicolor, less
common.
Thalpius dorsalis, a single specimen at
electric light.
Tetragonoderus fasciatus, common on dry
sand banks along streams.
Nemotarsus elegans, very rare; once found
at High Island.
Lebia, more or less common on flowers,
under stones, chips, and old leaves;
marginicollis, pleuritica, fuscata, and
abdominalis, rather rare.
Coptodera aerata, common on stumps and
logs.
Dromius piceus, ander park, common.
Apristus subsulcatus, common on sand
banks near the river; cordicollis, one
specimen.
Blechrus pusio, amongst the roots of
grasses in dry meadows.
Metabletus americanus, near the District
in Maryland.
Plochionus timidus, rare, beaten from
trees.
Pinacodera limbata, common; platycollis,
rather rare.
Cymindis pilosa and neglecta, very com-
mon, under stones in dry localities;
americana, less common; elegans, very
rare.
Apenes lucidula, not common; simuata,
more frequent.
Helluomorpha bicolor and nigripennis, both
rare,
Brachynus. All species of this genus are
more or less common, and their specific
value is by no means established.
Chlenius leucoscelis and prasinus are on
river banks; niger sometimes at electric
lights; the other species are common
everywhere.
Brachylobus lithophilus, like Chlenius pra-
SINUS.
Lachnocrepis parallelus, rather rare in
swampy places.
Anatrichis mimuta, only a single speci-
men tound.
Oodes amaroides, found in very. wet places,
not common; americanus, the same,
very common.
Hvolenesexaratus, several specimens found,
very rare.
Geopinus imerassalus, not rare, but tound
by hundreds at electric lights.
-
q
3
7
ee a
No. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
39
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Cratacanthus dubius, one of our most com-
mon Carabids.
Agonoderus. All species of this genus are
common, except indistinctus,. testacers,
and micros.
Discoderus tenebrosus, very rare.
Gynandropus lylacis, very common.
Harpalus caliginosus, extremely abundant,
especially at electric lights in midsum-
mer; all the other species are more or
less common everywhere.
Selenophorus pedicularius. This and the
other species are common, especially
at electric lights.
Stenolophus, common on wet places, except
alternans, Which is very rare on mud
banks near the Potomac.
Acupalpus, like Stenolophus.
Bradycellus linearis, many specimens of
this rare species found near swampy
_ places in spring; the other species are
common in moist grounds.
Tachycellus, common, like Stenolophus.
Anisodactylus discoideus and baltimorensis,
abundant along the rivers and at elec-
tric lights; /etus rather rare; the re-
maining species are common every-
where.
Nestonotus lugubris, not common, along
the river.
Amphasia interstitialis, very common.
Anisotarsus terminatus, common, nitidipen-
nis, less common.
Spongopus verticalis, rare.
HALIPLID&.
Haliplus triopsis, common in ponds of
stagnant water; punctatus, rare, ruficol-
lis, one specimen found.
Cnemidotus simplex and 12 punctatus, in
pools of stagnant water.
DYTISCID&.
Cunthydrus and Hydrocathus, abundant in
stagnant water.
Laccophilus, common in por ys and flowing
water.
Hydrovatus and Desmopachria, abundant
in stagnant water.
Bidessus, common, except flavicollis and
granar ius.
Celina angustata, very common in pools
on the Potomac Flats.
Celambus nubilus, common, dissinilis, one
specimen.
Hydroporus, all the species are more or
in brooks
oblitus, in cold springs.
less common and creeks;
Tybius biguttulus, very common, especially
at the electric lights.
Coptotomus and Copelatus, abundant.
Matus bicarinatus, not common.
Agabetes acuductus, rare.
Agabus crythropterus, rare in springs; the
rest more or less common.
2hantus calidus, two specimens at electric
light.
Hydaticus bimarginatus, few specimens at
electric light.
Dytiscus hybridus, rare.
Acilius mediatus, not rare.
Thermonectes basilaris, very abundant,
especially at electric lights; ornaticollis,
rare.
Graphoderus liberus, rare.
Cybister fimbriolatus, common in ponds.
GYRINID/.
Dineutes, more or less abundant in schools
in stagnant and running waters.
Gyrinus, like Dineutes.
Helophorns lineatus, in pools, common;
inquinatus, less common.
Hydrochus subcupreus, very abundant in
pools; scabratus and inequalis, not com-
mon.
Hydrena pennsylvanica, extremely abun-
dant.
Hydrophilus triangularis, very abundant
at electric lights; also oratus, but less
abundant.
Tropisternus and Hydrocharis, common at
electric lights.
Berosus peregrinus and striatus, very com-
mon; eviguus, rare.
Laccobius agilis, extremely abundant
everywhere.
Philhydrus, all common, except perplerus.
Helochares maculicolis, common.
Helocombus bifidus, rare.
Cymbiodyta fimbriata, not rare; blanchardi,
rare.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—(ontinued.
Hydrobius tesselatus, very rare; the others
common.
Creniphilus subcupreus, very abundant in
running water.
Phenonotum exstriatum, in swamps.
Cercyon unipunctatus, in horse dung; pree-
tevtatus, in dung and decaying plants;
indistinctus, one specimen; h:emorrhoid-
alis, in fungi; also naricularis and pu-
bescens; the rest are more or Jegs com-
mon in rotten vegetable matter.
Cryptopleurum minutum, common; ameri-
canum, very rare.
Pemelus costatus, very rare in rotten fungi.
LEPTINIDA.
Leptinus testaceus, in the nests of wood
mice (Arvicola), in different localities.
SILPHID A.
Necrophorus americanus, on dead snakes;
also at electric lights; the others are
found on various dead animals.
Silpha surinamensis, very abundant, espe-
cially at electric lights; this and the
others are found on putrid matters;
common.
Pinodytes cryptophagoides, blind, under
decayed leaves in rather moist places.
This species, in company with Eutyphlus
stmilis and Anillus fortis, both blind, is
frequently found in the mountains of
Virginia.
Cholera. All the species are found under
old leaves, in fungi, and on dead
animals.
Prionochxta opaca, like Choleva.
Ptomaphagus ulkei, only two specimens
were found under decayed leaves,
across the Free Bridge; parasitus, in
the nests of Formica integra.
Colon. Of paradoxrum, hubbardi, thorac-
icum, and asperatum, only single speci4
mens have been found.
Anisotoma obsoleta, not rare; of alternata
and assimilis only single specimens;
species of this genus are to be found
either under old leaves or in beating
meadows at sunset in early summer.
Colenis impunctata, very common in funei
and under old leaves.
Liodes. All live in rotten wood, per-
meated with fungus growth.
Cyrtusa, beaten from grass on warm sum-
mer evenings, common.
Tsoplastus fossor, like Cyrtusa, but rare.
Agathidium, in rotten wood and under
old bark.
Aglyptus levis, like Agathidium.
Clambus gibbulus, under flood débris:
puberulus, less common.
SCYDM-ENID.
Chevrolatia amena, sifted from old leaves,
very rare.
Brachycrepis, not rare, under old leaves.
under bark of old
stumps, always in company with Lasius
ahenus; all the other species occur
under old leaves in damp places.
Fumicrus very abundant;
Scydmenus rasus,
notschulskii,
grossus, rather rare.
Cholerus zimmermanni, rather rare.
Cephennium corporosum, not rare under
old leaves.
PSELAPHID ®.
[dranes lecontei, very rare, with Lasius
claviger.
Ceophyllus monilis, rare, under bark of
rotten trees.
Cedius ziegleri, common in the hills of
Formica integra and exsectoides; spi-
nosus, under loose bark of old trees.
Tinesiphorus, like Ceophylus.
Chennium monilicorne, very rare, with
Psenolepis parvula.
Ctenistes, all the species are abundant
under old leaves.
Tyrus humeralis, rare, under bark of old
trees.
Pselaphus erichsonii, one specimen under
a stone near Woodley Park.
Tychus longipalpus and minor, both fre-
quently found underold leaves in rather
dry places.
Hutrichites zimmermanni, rare.
Nisaxis tomentosa, rare.
Decarthron stigmosum with Aphaenogaster
reali; exsectum, one specimen found;
the rest by sifting old leaves and sweep-
ing meadow grass at sunset.
ita
OC etlatiies “i
NO. 1275.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Bryaxis, most all of the species are found
by beating grassy places toward sunset
in the early part of June; valida, two
specimens, near Free Bridge; belfragei,
two specimens; gemmifer, one specimen.
Arthmius globicollis, exceedingly abundant
under old leaves in moist places.
Batrisus ione, rare, with Lasius alienus;
monstrosus and ferox occur with Lasius
- claviger and interjectus; nigricans and
triangulifer, only single specimens;
globosus, very common.
Trimium, sifted from decayed roots in the
grounds, also beaten from grasses at
sunset.
Rhexidius canaliculatus, one specimen.
Rhexius insculptus, taken abundantly by
sweeping.
Thesium cavifrons, two specimens.
Trimioplectus arcuatus, one specimen.
Huplectus, generally found in rotten wood.
Hutyphlus similis, very common with
Pinodytes cryptophagoides.
STAPHYLINIDZ.
Aleochara lata, common under carcasses;
the others very common under dung.
Oxypoda sagulata, excessively common;
most of the species are common under
dung; several undescribed species.
NXenodusa found in the nests of
Camponotus pennsylvanicus.
Myrmedonia rudis, very rare; schwarzi, in
the nests of Lusius alienus.
Philothermes pennsylvanicus,among Termes,
not rare.
Hoplandria lateralis, very common under
old leaves and carcasses.
Atheta, most of the species remain unde-
termined.
Tachyusa, like Atheta.
Fulagria bilobata, this and the other
species are more or less abundant under
old leaves.
Euryusa obtusa, not rare in the nests of
Formica integra and exsectoides.
Leptusa, the species are common under
moist bark.
Placusa, like Leptusa.
Gyrophena, all species live in toadstools.
Myllena and Dinopsis, in old moist
leaves and flood débris. Several genera
caud,
and a great number of species of the
Aleocharine remain as yet unrecognized
and undescribed.
Acylophorus flavicollis and pronus, common
under débris near water;
rare,
densus, Very
Heterothops pusio, not rare.
Quedius ferox, rather rare; the others are
abundant under old leaves, stones, ete.
Listotrophus cingulatus, very common un-
der decaying vegetable and animal
matter.
Creophilus villosus, like the preceding.
Staphylinus vulpinus, under old leaves,
common; maculosus, in decaying fungi,
dung; fossator, decaying fungi; viola-
ceus, very abundant in old fungi; comes,
exulans, both rare under dung; prelon-
gus and viridans, each one specimen.
Ocypus ater, rare under stones.
Belonuchus formosus, very abundant on
sap exuding from wounded trees.
Tympanophorus puncticollis, very rare.
Philonthus politus, rare; wmbratilis, leetulus,
ingquietus, each one specimen;
not rare in the stems of toadstools;
asper,
hepaticus, very abundant under dry
leaves; wmbrinus, under old leaves near
the river; most of the other species are
more or less abundant under old dung
or decaying fungi.
Actobius cinerascens, under débris along
the river, common; also sobrinus and
pederoides, very abundant; of procer-
ulus, parcus, terminalis and lepidulus,
single specimens.
NXantholinus fulgidus and temporalis, rare;
cephalus, under bark of trees; emmesus,
abundant under bark and old leaves;
hamatus, common under decaying
weeds.
Leptolinus rubripennis, not rare in débris
along the river.
Leptacinus, all very common under old
leaves.
Diochus schaumii, common everywhere.
Stenus. Most species of this genus live
on sand banks near streams, some of
them gregariously in great numbers ;
of delawarensis only found two. speci-
mens under débris on the
Flats, and dispar, on the hills across
the Free Bridge.
Potomae
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Euesthetus americanus, under moist leaves.
Edaphus nitidus, ander moldy leaves.
Stictocranius puncticeps, under old leaves,
but not common.
Cryplobium bicolor, pallipes, carolinum,
common in swampy places near the
river; badiwmand cribratum, rather rare;
serpentinum and flavicorne, very rare.
Lathrobium, all very common under old
leaves, except armatum, simile and am-
higuum.
Scopus, like Lathrobium, common.
Stilicus tristis and biarmatus, rare; denta-
tus, common in fungi.
Lithocharis ochracea, rather common.
Aderocharis corticina, very common under
moist old leaves.
Trachysectus confluens, under moist bark
of old trees, abundant.
Pederus littorarius, very abundant every-
where.
Sunius, like Pederus.
Wchiaster (Leptogenius), an apparently
undescribed species, not rare under old
leaves. ;
Stilicopsis monstrosa, common; paradowa,
very rare.
Pinophilus latipes, not rare under stones;
picipes, one specimen.
Palaminus testaceus, eommon; contortus,
rare.
Microcyptus testaceus, one specimen among
termites.
Tachinus memnonius, luridus, flavidus, fim-
briatus, pallipes, in fungi; fumipennis,
common in dung; repardus, limbatus,
and nitiduloides under old leaves.
Tachyporus, all under old leaves and
stones; maculipennis, rare.
Cilea silphoides, very abundant in horse
manure.
Erchomus abundant under
moist old bark; /vis, under old leaves.
Conosoma. All the species of this genus
live under old leaves or on fungi grow-
ing on dead trees.
Bolitobius, more
fungi.
ventriculus,
or less common in
Bryoporus rufescens, very abundant under
old leaves; flavipes, two specimens.
Mycetoporus, all species occur under old
leaves.
Megalops celatus, very rare, on fungi grow-
ing under logs.
Oxyporus, all the species live exclusively
in toadstools.
Osorius latipes, not rare, burrowing in the
ground under stones.
FHolotrochus levicauda, rather rare.
Bledius. These species live on mud or
sand banks near the river.
Platystethus anericanus, exceedingly com-
mon in dung.
These species, with the excep-
tion of placusinus, which is myrme-
cophilous, live either in dung or decaying
vegetation.
Trogophleus, all live on mud banks or in
decaying leaves in muddy swamps.
Apocellus sphericollis, very common under
stones, every where.
Oxvytelus.
Ancyrophorus, found on stones ina small |
creek near Cabin John Bridge.
Thinobius fimbriatus, on gravel banks near
the Eastern Branch.
Geodromicus cesus and Lesteva pallipes, ©
common along water courses.
Acidota subcarinata, not rare under leaves
in the fall.
Arpedium schwarzi, very abundant under
old leaves.
Olophrum, like Arpedium.
Homalium and = repanduin,
common under old leaves; diffuswm, in
fungi; fractum, under moist bark;
hamatum, on dry leaves of felled trees.
Anthobium convecum, very abundant on
flowers in early spring.
Ephelis notata, very common,
rare.
Protinus atomarius, very common under
old leaves.
Megarthrus americanus, in fungi, not com-
mon.
Lispinus exiguus, one specimen under
bark.
Glyptoma costale, in decaying wood, very
humerosum
guittata,
common.
Triga picipennis, ander bark of various
trees.
Eleusis pallidus, found once in great num-
bers under the bark of an old stump.
Siagonium americanum, one specimen.
Micropeplus cribratus, one specimen.
eee
ila ial tal Ek Ai
acta et th Tal a a i i ki a ha i i ill a i
a a a NN i i a ee
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
43
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
TRICHOPTERYGID &.
Nossidium americanum, found once very
abundantly in a much decayed old
stump..
Ptilium and Ptenidium.
genera occur under old leaves in moist
places.
Limulodes paradoxus, strictly myrmecoph-
ilous, among Lasius claviger.
Pteryax batteata, in decaying wood.
Ptinellodes lecontei, under old leaves.
Trichopteryx. These species are more or
less abundant in all sorts of decayed
vegetable matters; several undescribed
species.
Smicrus filicornis, under débris near water.
Ptinella quercus and pini, under moist
bark.
Nephanes lieviuseulus, under old leaves.
Species of these
SCAPHIDIID 2.
Scaphidium obliteratum, on the mold-like
fungus growing on the underside of
logs, rather rare; quadriguttatum, with
the preceding, abundant.
Cyparium and Beocera on moldy old
leaves.
Toxidium gammaroides, lives like the next.
Scaphisoma, live in fungi and old leaves.
PHALACRIDA.
Phalacrus, Olibrus, Litochrus. All our
Phalacridze occur on various plants, as
well as under decaying leaves.
CORYLOPHID®.
Sacium, our species live under bark of
various trees; can also be beaten from
dead branches.
Arthrolips, Sericoderus, under old leaves.
Orthoperus glaber, very abundant on grow-
ing vegetation.
COCCINELLID.
Anisosticta seriata, one specimen; more
abundant near salt-water regions.
Megilla maculata, a very abundant species,
gregariously under bark and stones in
cold weather.
Mippodamia 13-punctata, one specimen;
the other species are common.
Coccinella affinis, on pine trees in. early
spring, on willows insummer; the other
species are common.
Adalia bipunctata, abundant in our parks
and gardens.
Harmonia picta, rare, on pine trees.
Mysia pullata, exclusively on pine trees.
Anatis ocellata, abundant
very every-
where.
Psyllobora 20-maculata, very common on
low vegetation.
Chilocorus bivulnerus, exceedingly abun-
dant.
Exochomus 3-pustulatus, on oaks, not com-
mon.
Cryptognatha pusilla, on shrubbery, very
abundant.
Smilia marginata and misella, on trees and
shrubs, common.
Brachyacantha. The various species are
beaten from low plants in meadows.
Hyperaspis. All the species are beaten
from trees and shrubs.
Seymnus. All species live on trees, shrubs,
and low plants.
Cephaloscymnus
branches, very rare.
Epilachna borealis, very common, feeds on
cucurbitaceous plants.
zimmermanni, on
ENDOMYCHID®.
Alexia lobata, a single specimen.
Anamorphus spec.? known in our collec-
tions as A. pusillus Zimmermann Mss.
Symbiotes ulkei and minor, live on mold
growing within red rotten logs.
Mycetia hirta, on molds in dark places.
Rhanis unicolor, very abundant under
old bark.
Testes spec.? very rare, at the base of
trees.
Phymaphora pulchella, ander old bark.
Lycoperdina ferruginea, in a small species
of Lycoperdon.
Aphorista vittata, on molds on logs, com-
mon.
Mycetina testacea, on fungi growing on
roots and logs; perpulchra, rare, on
mold under bark.
Stenotarsus hispidus, on dead branches of
_yarious trees.
44
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL SONS
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—(Continued.
Endomychus biguttatus, sometimes in great
numbers under loose bark.
EROTY LID.
Languria. Our species are most fre-
quently found on swampy meadows;
mozardi, the most common species.
Tusxestus punctatus, under old bark in-
fested with fungi.
Dacne 4-maculata, on white fungi, grow-
ing on old logs.
Megalodacne, like Euxestus.
Ischyrus 4-punctatus, in
Daene.
Mycotretus sanguinipennis and pulcher, in
a certain kind of toadstool.
company with
Tritoma. All species live usually in large
numbers in toadstools and yarious
fungi.
COLY DIITD #.
Synchita obscura, found exclusively on red
oak; the other species occur under
bark of dead branches of various decid-
uous trees.
Cicones marginalis, one specimen.
Ditoma. The species are found under
bark of all sorts of trees.
Coxelus guttulatus, not rare on
branches.
dead
Lasconotus referendarius, under pine bark
in the galleries of Scolytids.
Aulonium and Colydium, the species of
both genera are found under bark and
in twigs of coniferous and deciduous
trees.
Aglenusbrunneus, introduced from Europe;
one specimen found by Mr. Pergande.
Oxylemus americanus, rare.
Penthelispa and Pycnomerus, under moist
bark of dead pines.
Bothrideres geminatus, very common under
dry oak bark.
Hrotylathris ecaratus, very rare.
Cerylon castaneum, under all sorts of bark,
very abundant.
Philothermus glabriculus, very common in
decayed wood.
MURMIDIIDA.
Murmidius ovatis, introduced, inold stored
rice.
Mychocerus depressus, under moldy bark.
RHYSSODID.
Rhyssodes and Clinidium, both genera
found under bark of decayed wood.
CUCUJIDA.
Silvanus surinamensis and advena, cosmo-
politan, common; the others under all
sorts of bark.
Nausibius clavicornis, under bark, rare;
repandus, very rare.
Catogenus rufus, very common under bark
of various trees.
Pediacus depressus, under bark, rare.
Cucujus clavipes, very common under bark
of deciduous trees, especially Lirioden-
dron.
Ino reclusa, under bark of black locust.
Lemophloeus, species more or less common
under bark of various deciduous trees;
schwarzi, very rare; angustulus, in gal-
leries of Scolytids.
Lathropus vernalis, very common on old
twigs.
Dysmerus basalis, in branches of Rhus
toxicodendron, common at Bladensburg.
Brontes dubius, under bark, abundant;
debilis, one specimen.
Telephanus velox, under old leaves, one of
our commonest insects.
CRY PTOPHAGID &.
Telmatophilus and Loberus, by sweeping
humid meadows.
Tomarus pulchellus, under old leaves,
chips, etc., very common.
Antherophagus ochraceus, rare, on flowers,
inquilinous in nests of Bombus.
FHlenoticus serratus, the specimens found
here may belong to a distinct species,
rare.
Cryptophagus. Six species occur in the
District, which have not yet been
studied.
Cenoscelis. There are seven species found
here, which can not be named at pres-
ent; they occur under old leaves.
Atomariaephippiata, distincla, and ochracea.
Eight species have been found, among
which only these three are named at
present.
Ephistemus apicalis, very common under
old leaves and chips.
NO. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
45
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
MYCETOPHAGID.
Mycetophagus punctatus and flexwosus,
very common in various fungi; obso-
letus, once found in abundance in a
white fungus; pluripunctatus, in fungi
under moldy bark; bipustulatus, in old
flour barrels, also on moldy bark; pini,
under old pine bark; melsheimeri, one
specimen.
Litargus. All our species are common
under decomposing vegetable matter,
also under bark.
Typhea fumata, like Litargus, very com-
monk
Berginus pumilus, one specimen.
Myrmechixenus lathridioides, in old horse
manure, in autumn.
Diplocelus and
branches infested with fungi.
brunneus rudis, old
DERMESTID 4.
Bylurus unicolor, commonly found by
beating.
Dermestes under car-
casses; Jardarius, common in houses;
rulpinus, under old bones; elongatus,
one specimen found under bark.
Attagenus piceus, abundant, especially in
houses; pellio, one specimen; hornii,
introduced from Mexico.
Trogoderma and Anthrenus, our common
house and cabinet pests, also common
outdoors on flowers, especially Spireea.
Cryptorhopalum hemorrhoidale and triste,
very abundant on flowers.
Apsectus hispidus, one specimen.
Orphilus niger, on flowers, 1 rare.
caninus, common
HISTERIDZ.
TTololepta. The two species are not rare
under freshly loosened bark of trees.
THister. All our species of the genus //ister
occur in vegetable débris, except the
subgenera Platysoma and Cylistix, the
species of which live under bark of
deciduous or coniferous trees; Phelister
wneomicans is very rare and seems to
have not been found elsewhere.
Tribalister marginellus, very rare; only a
few specimens have been caught, flying
about in early spring.
Tribalus americanus, not rare, under bark
and in decaying wood.
dprerus, like Tribalus.
Hetexrius brunnipennis, in nests of Formica
fusca.
Echinodes setiger, only onespecimen found.
Onthophilus alternatus, ander fungus or
vegetable débris. i
Dendrophilus punctulatus, not rare under
bark of old trees.
Paromalus. Our species are more or less
abundant under old bark of trees.
Anapleus marginatus, under old boards
and sticks on the banks of the river.
Saprinus. Of thesespeciesfraternus, fitchii,
and patruelis are found in sand near the
river; all the others occur in various
kinds of dung.
Plegaderus transversus, in galleries of Toni-
cus under pine bark.
Teretrius, Bacanius, and Acritus. All spe-
cies of these genera live under bark of
trees.
NITIDULIDA.
Brachypterus urtice, on nettles.
Cercus abdominalis, on flowers of Sambucus
niger.
Carpophilus hemipterus, found in grocery
stores; the others live on blossomg and
sap of trees.
Colastus. All on exuding sap of trees.
Conotelus obscurus, on flowers of Convolvu-
lus; mexicanus is introduced into green-
houses.
Epurexe peltoides, rare, on sap of trees; all
the others are found under old leaves.
Nitidula, common under dry carcass.
Stelidota, under dry leaves.
Prometopia 6-maculata, on sap of trees,
common.
Phenolia grossa, in fungi, common.
Omosita colon, under dry animal matter,
abundant.
Amphotis ulkei, in ants’ nests.
Soronia undulata and substriata, on sap of
trees, common.
Thalycra concolor, one specimen.
Pocadius helvolus, in Lycoperdon, very
common.
Oxycnemus, in fungi.
Amphicrossus ciliatus, on sap of trees.
46
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Pallodes pallidus, in toadstools, abundant.
Cychramus adustus, in fungus.
Cybocephalus nigritulus, on twigs of trees.
Cryptarcha and Ips. The species of both
genera found on sap.
Pityophagus cephalotes, one specimen on a
fence, south of the Treasury.
Rhizophagus, on mold under bark.
LATHRIDIID.
Holoparamecus kunzei, one specimen
found under bark of an old hickory
tree.
Lathridius liratus, very common under
débris.
Mnicmus and Coninomus, found on molds.
Corticaria and Melanophthalmus, found by
sifting and beating.
TROGOSITID &.
Nemosoma parallelum and cylindricum,
parasitic on Scolytids.
Alindria and
branches.
Trogosita virescens, very common under
cylindrica teres, on old
various trees.
Tenebrioides mauritunica, in flour and feed
stores; the other species found under
bark of trees.
Grynocharis quadrilineata, rare, on tree
fungi. ;
Lycopltus villosus, in decaying wood.
Thymalus fulgidus, on tree fungi.
MONOTOMID 2.
Monotoma, under decaying weeds.
Flesperobenus, Europs, and Bactridium,
under bark of trees.
BYRRHID.
Nosodendron unicolor, sap of trees.
Byrrhus murinus, im moss.
Syncalypta strigosa, sifted from moss.
Limnichus, along the edge of the river.
PARNID .
Psephenus lecontei, under stones in run-
ning water.
Lutrochus luteus, two specimens swept
along the river.
Dryops, under stones and débris in run-
ning water.
Eimis, under stones and moss in running
creeks.
Stenelmis, Macronychus, and Ancyronyx,
like Elmis.
HETEROCERID.
Heterocerus. All the species oceur in
mud and sand banks.
DASCYLLIDA.
Eurypogon niger and californicus, on
bushes.
Odontonyx and Anchytarsus, in swampy
places.
Ptilodactyla serricollis, on bushes and low
plants.
Eucinetus, sifted from moldy leaves.
Ectopria nervosa, on plants.
Prionocyphon, Helodes, Scyrtes, and Cyphon.
All the species of these genera live on
plants in swampy places.
RHIPICERID.
Zenoa picea, under bark of trees.
Sandalus, occasionally found.
ELATERID.
Melasis pectinicornis, found boring in dead
oak.
Tharops ruficornis, boring in felled trees.
Deltometopus, on bushes, common.
Dromeolus, beating from dead branches.
Fornax, like Dromolus, but rare.
Adelothyreus dejeanii, one specimen.
Microrhagus, all on dead branches.
Hypocelus, like Microrhagus.
Adelocera, all under loose bark.
Meristhus scobinula, one specimen in a
sandy place near Rock Creek.
Chalcolepidi us viridipilis, on fences and
trees.
Alaus oculatus, under bark of various trees;
myops, ander bark of pine trees.
Hemirhipus fascicularis, on fences and
trees.
Cardiophorus converus and gagates, beat-
ing from trees and bushes; cardisce, on
sandy places. ;
lca Nar i catia hit TN Ni hi in
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~ No. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
47
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
FHoristonotus curiatus, on bushes and trees,
common.
Esthesopus claricollis, one specimen.
Cryptohypnus choris, on dry sand banks;
melsheimeri and perplerus, on gravel
banks; the others swept in meadows.
Anchastus rufus, very rare.
Monocrepidius, on meadows and bushes;
auritus and bellus very common under
stones in early spring.
Dicrepidius and Ischiodontus, both very
rare, on bushes.
Elater. All the species are found under
bark and by beating dead branches.
Drasterius elegans and amabilis, mostly
under stones, very abundant.
Megapenthes, on bushes.
Tudius, under bark.
Agriotes and Dolopius, on bushes.
Glyphonyx, on bushes, very common.
Melanotus, Limonius, Athous, Sericosomus,
Corymbites, Hemicrepidius, and Mela-
nactes are all more or less frequent in
old stumps, under bark and stones, or
beaten from various bushes; Lepto-
schema bicolor is very rare; Sericosomus
viridanus, under chips and stones in
early spring; Melanactes reichei, only
two specimens.
Perothops mucida, from old beech trees.
Cerophytum pulsator, three specimens
found under chips and stones in early
spring.
THROSCID.
Drapetes geminatus, under rotten bark and
on dead branches.
AAulonothroscus and Throscus, under old
leaves and plants.
BUPRESTID.
Chalcophora virginiensis, in pines; cam-
pestris, on sycamore.
Dicerca, on various deciduous trees.
Pecilonota debilis, very rare.
Buprestis rufipes, on oak; the other species
on pines.
Cinyra gracilipes, on oak.
Melanophila, all on pines.
Anthaxia, all on various deciduous trees.
Chrysobothris femorata, pusilla, azurea, and
scitula, on various deciduous trees; flori-
cola, dentipes, 6-signata, harrisii, on pines.
Actenodes acornis, rare.
Acmeodera ornata and culia on flowers.
Ptosima gibbicollis, on black locust.
Mastogenius, on oaks.
Eupristocerus cogitans, on elder bushes.
Agrilus ruficollis, on different kinds of
Rubus; otiosus, on oak and hickory;
arcuatus, on hazel; bilineatus, on chest-
nut and honey locust; politus, on oak;
egenus, on black locust; obsoletus and
granulatus are rare.
Rheeboscelis tenuis, on oaks.
Taphrocerus gracilis, yery common on
plants in swampy meadows.
Brachys, all on oak bushes.
Pachyscelus purpureus. The larva mines
the leaves of Lespedeza.
LAMPYRID.
Calopteron terminale and reticulatum, both
common.
Celetes basalis, not common.
Cenia dimidiata, rare.
Eros, Plateros, and Calochromus, on flow-
ers and bushes.
Lucidota, like the preceding.
Ellychnia corrusca, very common about
trees and bushes.
Pyropyga and Pyractomena, like Ellych-
nid.
Photinus pyralis, our commonest firefly.
Photuris pennsylvanica, very abundant.
Phengodes spec.?, asingle female specimen
has been found.
Tytthonyx erythrocephala,
bushes.
Omethes marginatus, rare, beaten from
common on
bushes.
Chauliognathus, very common on blossoms
and flowers.
Podabrus tricostatus and basilaris, rare; the
others common.
Silis percomis and spathulata are both
rare.
Ditemnus
clover.
Telephorus.
and bushes.
Polemius laticornis, on meadows.
Trypherus latipennis, common on bushes.
Malthinus and Malthodes, on bushes and
grasses in meadows.
bidentatus, very common on
All species are on low plants
48
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
MALACHIIDA.
Collops, more or Jess common in mead-
ows, chiefly on clover.
Cheetocelus setosus, on branches of oak.
Anthocomus Pseudebeus, and Attalus. All
the species of these genera are found
on grasses, flowers, and bushes.
MELY RIDE.
Alymeris cribrata, chiefly found on chest-
nut blossoms.
CLERID.
Elasmocerus terminatus, found on trees in-
fested with Scolytids and Bostrychids.
Cymatodera, on dead branches.
Trichodes upivorus, on flowers of Spireea.
Clerus quadriguttatus, on pine; rosmarus,
on flowers; ichneumoneus and thoracicus,
on branches of deciduous trees.
Thanasimus dubius, on pine.
Thaneroclerus sanguineus, under bark of
deciduous trees; tantillus, one single
specimen found.
Hydnocera, all species occur in meadows
and on bushes.
Phyllobenus dislocatus, on dead branches.
Ichnea laticornis, lives parasitic on Phleo-
sinus dentatus.
Chariessa pilosa, on dead branches of de-
ciduous trees.
Cregya, like Chariessa.
Orthopleura damicornis, on branches of
oak.
Necrobia, all on dried animal matter.
DERODONTID 2.
Derodontus maculatus, on mold under
loose bark of trees.
Laricobius erichsoni, found many years ago
on pine in the Smithsonian grounds.
PTINID.
Gibbium psylloides, one specimen found
at the wall of the United States Treas-
ury building.
Ptinus fur and brunneus, in houses; quad-
rimaculatus and interruptus, one speci-
men of each in white rotten oak.
Eucrada humeralis, on bushes.
Ernobius mollis, on old woodwork; the
others beaten from pine branches.
zognathus floridanus, two specimens,
beaten from bushes.
Oligomerus, all on dead branches.
Sitodrepa panicea, everywhere, in houses.
Hadrobregmus, beaten from dead
branches.
Trichodesma gibbosa, in old branches.
Anobium notatum, on old oak branches.
Trypopitys sericeus, on old branches.
Petalium bistriatum, very common on dead
branches.
Theca, Eupactus, and Nyletinus, all on old
twigs.
Lasioderma serricorne, in drugs and to-
bacco.
Hemiptychus, all species on dead branches.
Protheca hispida and puberula, in old
rotten wood, common.
Dorcatoma, all in dead branches.
Cenocara oculata, in Lycoperdon.
Ptilinus ruficornis, boring in old wood.
Endecatomus rugosus, in old timber.
BOSTRICHID.
Most of the Bostrichide: Stephanopachys,
Lichenophanes, Xylobiops, ete., bore in
dead twigs or are found under loose
bark. Dinoderus and Rhizopertha are
importations.
LYCTID.
Lyctus and Trogoxylon, both in old woods.
CUPESID A.
Cupes concolor, on old wood.
LYMEXILIDA.
LTymexylon sericeum, boring in old oak
wood.
Micromalthus debilis, one specimen found
in the city.
CIOID.
Cis. All species live in fungi growing on
logs and stumps; quite a number of
species are not determined yet.
ee ae ee
a
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ete
NO. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
40)
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Ennearthron thoracicorne, like Cis; several
undetermined species.
Ceracis salle’, like Ennearthron.
Rhipidandrus paradoxus, ina white fungus
at the base of trees.
SPHINDID #.
Sphindus americanus, in fungi growing on
timber.
LUCANIDA.
Lucanus elaphus, one specimen said to be
found in Washington; dama, not rare
at electric lights.
Dorcus parallelus, in white rotten wood.
Platycerus and Ceruchus, like Dorcus.
Nicagus obscurus, on sand banks along the
Eastern Branch.
PASSALID 2.
Passalus cornulus, boring galleries in old
stumps and logs.
SCARABAID A.
Canthon levis and vigilans, common in
dung; viridis, under old leaves.
Cheridium histeroides, in decaying fungi.
Copris, all in dung.
Phaneus carnifex, in human excrements.
Onthophagus hecate, tuberculifrons, and
pennsylvanicus, in dung; janus and vari-
eties, in decaying toadstools and fungi.
Aphodius. All species of this genus live
in various kinds of dung; only serval
is found under old leaves, and oblongus
in hollow trees.
Dialytes truncatus and striatulus, in horse
manure.
Atenius, all species found in rich grounds;
Jigurator, found at electric ght.
Rhyssemus scaber, ander stones in wet
sandy places.
Pleurophorus cxsus, in rich soil; ventralis,
one specimen.
-sammodius merruplus, in sandy places
along the river; wgialioides, one speci-
men.
Avgialia, one undescribed specimen.
Ochodeus musculus, one specimen.
Bolbocerus, found occasionally in roads.
Odontieus cornigerus, like Bolbocerus.
Geotrupes, all in rotten fungi and dung;
hornii, under the stem of a toadstool,
also at electric lights.
Cleotus (phodioides, in rotten wood.
Trox, all the species are found in dried
carcasses of mammals and birds, also at
electric lights.
Hoplia, found flying on sandy soil.
Dichelonycha, on bushes.
under
stones and logs in spring; ¢ricolor and
Serica vespertina, very common
sericea on bushes; trociformis, rare.
Macrodactylus subspinosus, the well-known
rose chafer.
Diplotavis, the species are all found under
stones and on bushes.
Lachnosterna. There are 26 species in the
District. All are found on trees at
night, or attracted by lights.
Anomala marginata, on grapevine; the
others all on pine.
Strigoderma, the two species are on blos-
soms of rubus.
Pelidnota
vine,
Cotalpa lanigera, on cottonwood trees.
Cyclocephala, flying after dusk.
punctata, common on grape-
Chalepus trachypygus, on muddy grounds
along the river, and abundant at elec-
tric lights.
Ligyrus, in moist sandy places.
Aphonus, in old decayed stump of trees.
Nyloryctes satyrus, larva very abundant
under stones in pastures.
Strategus anteus, in rotten wood.
Dynastes tityus In rotten wood, not com-
mon.
Phileurus valgus, one specimen dug out
from the ground.
Allorhina nitida, extremely abundant in
spring.
Euphoria inda, very abundant in early
spring; areata in sandy roads; herbacea
on bushes; fulgida and sepulchralis on
blossoms.
Cremastochilus leucostictus, one specimen
occurred at Odenton, Maryland. All
the others are found in nests of various
ants, also flying on roads.
Osmoderma eremicola and scabra, in rotten
trees.
Loe Ne Wi Ole xy — U2 ——b
50
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Gnorimus maculosus, on blossoms, very
rare.
Trichius, all species are found on flowers
and blossoms. :
Valgus, in decaying chestnut trees.
SPONDYLID.
Parandra brunnea, under bark of old de-
ciduous trees.
CERAMBYCID#.
Orthosoma brunneum, under loose bark.
Prionus, like Orthosoma.
Sphenostethus taslei, not common on bushes.
Asemum mestum, on pine.
Criocephalus, frequently met with in lum-
ber yards.
Smodicum cucujiforme, abundant under
bark.
Hylotrupes bajulus, on posts, lumber, ete. ;
ligneus, on juniper.
Phymatodes varius, in oaks; amenus, in
grapevine.
Callidium, all common on pine.
(Hine rigida, on juniper.
Gracilia minuta, on twigs of trees.
Chion cinctus. in hickory and oak.
Eburia quadrigeminata, in lumber yards
and attracted by light.
Romaleum atomarium and rufulum, both
not common.
EHlaphidion villosum, extremely abundant;
mucronatum, common; unicolor, less
common; subpubescens and cinerascens,
rare.
Tylonotus bimaculatus, rare, a specimen
found at electric light.
Heterachthes quadrimaculatus and ebenus,
both rare.
Phyton, Obrium,
branches and twigs.
Callimoavys sanguinicollis, on flowers.
Molorchus bimaculatus, on blossoms.
Rhopalophorus, on flowers.
Curius, beaten from
Tragidion coquus, rare.
Purpuricenus humeralis, on hickory and
oak; avillaris, rare.
Batyle suturalis, very common on flowers.
Stenosphenus notatus, on various trees.
Cyllene pictus, on hickory in spring; robi-
common on solidago in
nie, very
autumn.
Calloides nobilis, rare.
Arhopalus fulminans, rare.
Ciytus marginicollis, not common.
Nylotrechus colonus, very common; sagit-
fatus, in pine; quadrimuculatus, rare.
Neoclytus, on flowers and running on
trees,
Clytanthus ruricola and albofasciatus, both
rare.
Microclytus gazellula, one specimen.
Cyrtophorus verrucosus, common on flow-
ers.
Tillomorpha geminata, bred from sumac.
Euderces picipes, very common on flow-
ers; pini, in lumber yards.
Atimia confusa, not common on juniper.
Disienia undata, in grapevine.
Desmocerus palliatus, on sambucus.
Necydalis mellitus, one specimen.
Uncyclops coeruleus, on flowers.
Rhagium lineatum, very common under
pine bark.
Centrodera decolorata and picta, of both
single specimens.
Tovotus trivittatus, one specimen.
AAcmeops directa, not common; discoidea,
one specimen.
Gaurotes cycnipennis, on blossoms.
Strangalia and Typocerus, all on blossoms.
Leptura, all on blossoms and flowers;
marginata, very rare; hematites, circum-
data, pubera, are rare; lineola, nitens,
viltata, vagans, cordiferd, proxiuna, are
common; of subhamata and mutabilis,
single specimens.
Euryptera lateralis, rare.
Cyrtinus pymeus, common on trees and
bushes.
Psenocerus supernotatus, Common on vari-
ous deciduous trees.
Monohammus, on pine; also in our lum-
ber yards.
Dorcaschema wildii, on~> osage orange;
alternatum, on mulberry and osage
oO ange; nigrum, rare.
Hetcemis cinerea, on mulberry and hickory.
Cacoplia pullata, one specimen.
Goes tigrina, pulverulenta, oculata, and tes-
sellata, on bushes; pulchra, on hickory;
debilis, on white oak.
Plectrodera scalator, on willow; two speci-
mens near the Free Bridge.
NO, 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. yd
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
lcanthoderes quadrigibbus, rather rare;
decipiens, very common; morris, very
rare.
Leptostylus and Liopus, all on old twigs
and dead branches.
Dectes spinosus, common on various weeds.
epturges, like Leptostylus.
Hyperplatys, like the preceding.
Urographis fasciata, on deciduous trees.
Ceratographis pusillus, in pine trees.
Acanthocinus obsoletus and nodosus, in pine.
Pogonocherus mixtus, in pine, rare.
Ecyrus dasycerus, very common on decidu-
ous trees.
Hupogonius tomentosus, not rare on pine;
restitus, on bushes; subarinatus, rare on
beech.
Oncideres cingulata, on persimmon.
Atavia crypta, on old branches.
Hippopsis lemniscata, on weeds.
Saperda obliqua, on alnus; candida, ou ap-
ple trees; tridentata and vestita, on elm;
lateralis, on willows; puncticollis, on
Rhus toxicodendron.
Oberea bimaculata, on rubus; 3-punctata,
on solidago; ocellata, and gracilis, rare;
ruficollis, on sumac and sassafras.
Tetrops monostigna and jucunda, on mead-
OWS.
Tetraopes tetraophthalius, on Asclepias cor-
nui; canteriator, on an orange-colored
asclepias; 5-maculatus, on specimen.
Amphionycha flammata, on bushes.
Dysphaga tenuipes, in hickory; levis, one
specimen.
CHRYSOMELID&.
Donacia cincticornis, palmata, and piscatrix,
onaquatic plants; the otherson swampy
meadows; the only specimens of hypo-
leuca were found at electric light.
Hemonia nigricornis, in swamps on water
plants.
Orsodacna atra, on willow blossoms in
early spring.
Zeugophora puberula, on poplar.
Syneta ferruginea, rare.
Lema sayi, on Commelyna virginica, along
the Potomac Flats; trilineata, on pota-
toes; 6-punctata and
meadows.
brunnicollis, in
Crioceris asparagi and 12-punctata, on as-
paragus, imported.
Anomeea laticlavia, common on robinia.
Coscinoptera dominicana, on bushes and
herbs.
Babia and Saxinis, on meadows.
Chlamys, larva on sycamore.
Exema gibber and conspersa, in meadows
and on shrubs.
Bassareus and Cryptocephalus. All species
of these genera live on various flowers
and bushes; only schreibersii on pine.
Griburius equestris, on wild roses.
Pachybrachys, like Cryptocephalus; tridens,
on Rhus toxicodendrons; there are some
unrecognized forms.
Monachus, Diachus, Triachus, allon bushes
and plants in meadows; Diachus levis
and Triachus racuus are rare.
Fidia viticida and longipes, common on
grapevine.
Nanthonia,
bushes.
very common on yarious
Myochrous denticollis, by sweeping mead-
ows.
Glyptoscelis pubescens and barbata, common
on pine.
Graphops, in
clover.
Typophorus canellus and varieties, very
meadows;
meadows, especially on
common in viridicyaneus,
rare.
Metachroma, on bushes, especially oak.
Chrysochus auratus, common on apocy-
num.
Tymmnes tricolor, common on bushes.
Colaspis, common on meadows and
bushes.
Rhabdopterus picipes, like Colaspis.
Nodonota, on flowers and bushes.
Chrysodina, like Colaspis, very common.
Prasocuris varipes, on swampy grounds.
Labidomera clivicollis, on Asclepias inear-
nata.
Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the well-known
potato beetle; juncta, has disappeared
from our fauna since the arrival of
decemlineata.
Zygogramma and Calligrapha, all on mead-
ows and weeds.
Plagiodera viridis, very common on cru-
ciferous plants.
52
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Gastroidea cyanea, on rumex.
Lina lapponica and scripta, on willows.
Monocesta coryli, on elm, rare.
Trirhabda rare;
specimen.
Galerucella americana, on solidago; rufo-
tomentosa, virgala, one
sanguinea, on Azalea nudiflora; nym-
phee, on nympheea and other aquatic
plants; decora, on willows; notata, on
eupatorium; «anthomelena, on elm.
Diabrotica, 12-punctata and_ vittata, com-
mon everywhere; alripennis, rare.
Phyllobrotica discoidea and limbata, on
swampy grounds.
Luperodes meraca and cyanellus, on mead-
OWS.
Phyllechthrus dorsalis and gentilis, on les-
pedeza.
Cerotoma trifurcata, common on bushes
and meadows.
Blepharida rhois, on rhus.
Pachyonychus paradoxus, on smilax.
Hypolampsis pilosa, not rare.
(Edionychis, more or less common by
beating meadows; vians, very common;
indigoplera, one specimen.
Disonycha, like Usdionychis; 5-vittata, one
specimen.
Spheroderma opima, several specimens
by sweeping.
Haltica chalybea, on grapevine; fuscowned,
on cenothera; ignita, everywhere in
bushes; amena, rare; marevagans, one
specimen.
Lactica iris and tibialis, both rare.
Diphaulaca bicolorata, rare.
Orthaltica very
sumac.
copalina, common on
Crepidodera rufipes, on black locust; hel-
vines, very abundant on willows; «tri-
ventris, abundant on meadows.
gpitriv, very abundant on various low
plants; parvula, on solanum.
Mantura floridana, swampy meadows.
Cheetocnema, all on meadows; subcylin-
drica and protensa are rare.
Systena, all on bushes and lower plants.
Glyptina, by sweeping meadows.
Aphthona insolita, very rare.
Phyllotreta, all on cruciferous plants, ex-
cept picta.
Longitarsus, all by sweeping meadows.
Dibolia borealis, on plantago.
Psylliodes convexior, on low plants.
Microrhopala vittata and werene, live on
solidago; the others are rare; imelshei-
meri, very rare.
Odontota scapularis and bicolor on mead-
ows; dorsalis, on black locust; nervosa,
everywhere on bushes; horn’, very rare.
Charistena ariadne, one specimen.
Octotoma plicatula, on Tecoma radicans.
Stenispa imetallica, on swampy meadows.
Cassida nigripes on convolvulus, bivittata,
on potatoes.
Coplocycla clavata, on oak; the others
mostly on convolvulus.
Chelymorpha argus, common on conyol-
vulaceze.
BRUCHID.
Spermophagus robiniev, on Gleditschia tria-
canthos.
Bruchus pisorum, in peas, inported; chi-
nensis and 4-maculatus, both imported:
hivulneratus, in seeds of Cassia amar
landica; distinguendus, on Ladivigia at-
ternifolia; obsoletus, in seeds of Tephrosia
virginiana; oblectus in beans; /ibisci, in
seeds of Hibiscus moscheutos; exiguus,
seeds of Amorpha fruticosa; of calrus and
perforatus, single specimens.
Zabrotes obliteratus and subnitens, rare,
habits unknown.
TENEBRIONID A.
Epitragus arundinis, on bushes.
Phellopsis obcordata, ander old bark, one
specimen.
Blaps similis, said to be found in Alexan-
dria, Virginia.
Polypleurus geminatus, under stones and
chips.
Nyctobates pennsylvanica, abundant under
loose bark.
Merinus levis, like Nyctobates.
Haplandrus femoratus and ater, under loose
bark.
Scotobates calearatus, common under bark.
Nylopinus, under bark; cnescens, rather
rare.
Tenebrio obscurus and molitor, introduced
species; castaneus and tenebrioides, under
loose bark.
— ——
_—— a
i Rt te ed
|
i ath ae bee ls
fae niet
NO. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. a)
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—(Continued.
Opatrinus common under
stones.
Blapstinus, under stones and chips in
sandy places.
Tribolium ferrugineum and confusum, under
bark, introduced.
Lyphia ficicola, rare.
Diedus punctatus, very common under
bark.
Echocerus maxillosus and dentiger, both im-
notus, very
ported.
Alphitobius
ported.
Uloma, all in rotten wood.
Eutochia picea, under stones and in moss.
Anedus brunneus, exceedingly common
under old leaves.
Paratenetus, very common on dry leaves.
Prateus fusculus, in rotten wood, rare.
Diaperis hydni, in fungi, abundant.
Arrhenoplita bicornis and viridipennis, on
various fungi.
Platydema. ‘The species of this genus
live all under bark infested with fungi;
ruficolle, rare.
Phylethus bifasciatus, in fungus.
Palorus vratzeburgi and subdepressus, in
seeds, imported.
Hypophleus, parasiticon Scolytids; piliger,
rare.
Pentaphyllus pallidus, in fungus.
Boletotherus bifurcus, in hard fungi grow-
ing on trees.
Boletophagus corticola, under old bark.
Helops micans, americanus, and vreus, at
the base of trees; venustus, on dead
branches of oak.
Meracantha contracta, on old trees.
Strongylium tenuicolle and terminatum, in
rotten wood.
diaperinus, common, im-
CISTELIDA.
Allecula atra and punctulata, on dry twigs.
Hiymenorus, on bushes and dead branches.
Cistela brevis and marginata, on flowering
trees.
Isomira, on flowers and bushes.
Mycetochares, on old wood, but rare.
Chromatia anna, rare.
Capnochroa and Androchirus, on bushes
and old twigs.
LAGRIIDA.
Arthromaera senea, common on bushes.
Statira, like Arthromacra.
MONOMMID.
Hyporhagus punctulatus, common on chest-
nut logs.
MELANDRYID.
Tetratoma tessellata, on rotten twigs; trun-
corum, rare.
Pisenus humeralis, in fungi, not common.
Penthe, in fungi growing on
stumps.
Synchroa punetata, very common under
bark.
Eustrophus and Holostrophus, in fungi.
Orchesia, in hard fungi growing on trees.
Hallomenus, on fungi.
Microscapha clavicornis, common on dead
twigs.
Melandrya, under old bark.
longula, on pine
logs and
Carebara twigs; one
specimen.
Spilotus 4-pustulosus, common on twigs.
Enchodes sericea, from a felled old tree;
one specimen.
Mystaxia simulator, ander bark.
Hypulus lituratus, common on moss grow-
ing on trees; concolor, rare; vaudoueri,
one specimen.
Symphora flavicollis and
common everywhere.
Anisoxya glaucula, on dead twigs.
both
rugosa,
Scraptia sericea, very common on blossoms.
Allopoda lutea, on flowers.
Canifa, very common on bushes.
Nothus varians, on Crataegus.
Mycterus scaber, on flowers.
PYTHID.
Boros unicolor, ander pine bark, once
found across the Free Bridge.
Pytho americanus, under bark of stumps,
rare.
Salpingus virescens, rare, two specimens.
thinosimus viridixneus, one specimen.
GDEMERID AK.
Microionus sericans, very common on
bushes.
54
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Nacerdes melanura, everywhere in the
city.
Oxvacis, Probosca, and Asclera, all on
flowers.
MORDELLID &.
Pentaria trifasciata, on flowers, common.
Anaspis flavipennis and rufa, on flowers.
Tomoxia lineella on old twigs; inelusa, one
specimen.
Mordella, all the species live on bushes
and flowers.
Mordellistena. The very numerous species
of this genus live partly on flowers,
partly on dead twigs.
ANTHICID.
Stereopalpus mellyi, on bushes near water.
Corphyra, on flowers in swampy localities.
Xylophilus melsheimeri, basalis, nebulosus,
and fasciatus, on bushes; subfasciatus,
under old leaves and bushes; brunni-
pennis, under bark of sycamore, notats,
rare; impressus, on pine.
Maeratria confusa and murina, on bushes
near water, very common.
Notoxus anchora, monodon, on flowers and
bushes, very common; bicolor, under old
leaves, very abundant.
Mecynotarsus candidus, on sand banks near
Eastern Branch.
Anthicus. The numerous species live
either on flowers or on the banks of the
river.
PYROCHROID %.
Tschalia costata, in white rotten wood, rare
Pyrochroa flabellata and femoralis, under
chips of wood.
Dendroides canadensis, under bark of trees.
MELOIDZ.
Meloe, all species are crawling around in
early spring.
Tricrania sanguinipennis, found in Rock
Creek Valley on gravelly grounds.
Nemognatha nemorensis and cribraria, on
flowers of solidago.
Zonitis bilineata, on flowers.
Hornia minutipennis, in clay banks inhab-
ited by Anthophora abrupta.
Macrobasis wunicolor, on solidago and pota-
toes.
Epicauta pennsylranica and cinerea, on
solidago and solanum; viltata and lew-
niscata, on potatoes; strigosa, on flowers;
trichrus, on convolyulus.
Pyrota germari and limbalis, on solidago.
Pomphopea wnea, on willows.
RHIPIPHORIDA.
Pelecotoma flavipes, rare.
Rhipiphorus, all on flowers.
Myodites fasciatus and varieties, on soli-
dago and sumac.
STYLOPID&.
Xenos peckii, parasitic on polistes.
RHINOMACERID&.
Zhinomacer pilosus and elongatus, very
common on dying pine trees.
RHYNCHITID&.
Auletes cassandrx, on bushes.
Eugnamptus angustatus and collaris, on
sycamore and other trees.
Rhynchites, on various bushes, mostly oak.
Pterocolus ovatus, on oak bushes.
ATTELABID &.
Attelabus, mostly on oak bushes.
OTIORHYNCHID.
Epicerus imbricatus, common on dry
meadows.
Hormorus undulatus, rare.
-Panscopus erinaceus, wild grapevines,
June, July.
Phy.xelis rigidus, under stones.
Otiorhynchus sulcatus, one specimen in
Oak Hill Cemetery; ovatus, two speci-
mens.
Cercopeus chrysorheus, in early spring,
under chips and stones.
Tanymecus confertus, On dry meadows;
common.
Pandeletejus hilaris, extremely abundant
on branches and bushes.
Brachystylus acutus, exclusively on per-
simmon.
iil a a teehee halts
I a Rene
to
sl
\
NO. 1
2. BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE. 5
Qn
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Aphrastus teniatus, on hazel and other
bushes.
CURCULIONID 2.
Sitones flavescens and hispidulus, very com-
mon on clover.
Ithycerus noveboracensis, on hickory.
Apion. All species occur on dry or moist
meadows, on shrubs and bushes; only
a few of them have been bred, and
the food plants of these have been
repeatedly recorded.
Podapion gallicola, bred from its gall on
Pinus rigida.
Phytonomus comptus, on meadows; punc-
tatus, isthe well-known imported clover-
leaf beetle.
Listronotus, all the species are found on
sandy and muddy grounds near water.
Macrops, like Listronotus.
Pissodes strobi, common on pine.
Pachylobius and Hylobius, like Pissodes.
Budocimus mannerheiini, rare.
Lixus, all occur on rather low meadows.
Dorytomus brevicollis, on poplar.
Pachyphanes ameenus, on Cuscuta.
Smicronyx. All the species are found by
sweeping on meadows.
Promecotursus gibbirostris, like Smicronyx.
Phyllotrox ferrugineus, on bushes.
Brachybamus, Onychylis, Endalus, Tany-
sphyrus, Lissorhoptus, and Bagous, all
these genera are found on_palustral
plants.
Otidocephalus. Our species are inquili-
nous in Cynipid galls.
Magdalis olyra, on hickory; perforata and
hispoides, on pine; pandura and pallida,
on elm.
Tachypterus quadrigibbus, on Crateegus and
apple.
Anthonomus gularis, in pods of cassia;
suturalis in wild plum; sycophanta, in-
quilinous in willow galls; juniperinus,
in the juniper fungus; moleculus, on
solidago; ungularis, in Cassia marylan-
dica; signatus in Fragaria and rosaceous
plants.
Pseudanthonomus crateegi, on crateegus.
NXanthus pygmeus, on juniper.
Elleschus ephippiatus, on willow.
Acalyptus carpini, on willow blossoms.
Orchestes salicis, niger, pallidicornis, on
willows; betuleti, on Betula nigra.
Prionomerus calceatus, on sassafras.
Piazorhinus scutellaris, very common on
bushes; pictus, rare.
Thysanocnemis helvolus and fraxini, in
seeds of Mravinus.
Plocetes ulmi, on Cephalanthus occidentalis.
Gymnetron teler, on verbascum.
Miarus hispidulus, on Lobelia syphilitica.
Lemosaccus plagiatus, on oak bushes.
Conotrachelus juglandis and elegans, on
hickory; crategi, on crateegus; nenu-
phar, on plum; tuberosus, on urtica;
Jissunguis, on hibiscus; anaglypticus,
under moist bark and various bushes,
very common; /ispidus, rare.
thyssematus lineaticollis, in the pods of
asclepias.
Chalcodermus collaris, rare.
Microhyus setiger, on dead branches.
Acamptus rigidus, in red-rotten wood.
Acalles, all under decaying leaves.
Tyloderma foveolatum, in stems of Cino-
thera biennis; fragarix, on fragaria;
wreum, on plants growing in bogs.
Phyrdenus undatus, on Solanum nigrum.
Cryptorhynchus. All species are on dead
twigs.
Piazurus oculatus, on bushes, very com-
mon.
Copturus binotatus, on Gleditschia triacan-
thos; quercus, on oak; longulus, in poda-
pion galls; minutus, on oak.
Acoptus — suturalis, dead
branches.
Tachygonus lecontei, on oak; tardipes, rare.
common on
Mononychus vulpeculus, on iris.
Craponius inequalis, on grapes.
Acanthoscelis curtus and acephalus, com-
mon on polygonum.
Auleutes, allon swampy meadows; nebu-
losus andeasper, rare.
Pelenosomus cristatus, one specimen.
Acallodes ventricosus, rare.
Ceutorhynchus rape, on lepidium and
other cruciferous plants; the other
species all live on plants in marshy
ground.
Coclogaster zimmermanni, on swampy
places.
Perigaster cretura, like Coelogaster.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXV.
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Pelenomus sulcicollis, on polygonum.
Rhinoncus pericarpius, pyrrhopus, and lon-
gulus, all on polygonaceous plants.
Baris, the species are obtained by sweep-
ing meadows.
Plesiobaris T-signum and disjuncta, in
swampy meadows.
Glyptobaris, Onychobaris, and Aulobaris,
all are obtained by sweeping marshy
meadows.
Ampeloglypler ater and Madarellus, on
ampelopsis.
Desmoglyptus crenatus, on wild grape.
Pseudobaris pectoralis and nigrina on
meadows.
Trichobaris trinotata, on potatoes.
Centrinus. All live on flowers, especially
in the fall.
Centrinopus, Nicentrus, Limnobaris, Oligo-
lochus, Idiostethus, and Stethobaris, all
these genera live on various herbs and
weeds in meadows.
Ziglyptus striatus and sulcatus, in dead
twigs.
Oomorphidius lievicollis, one specimen.
Barinus cribricollis and curticollis, rare.
Barilepton jiliforme, in swampy meadows.
Plocamus hispidulus, breeds in dead twigs
of Robinia pseudacacia.
Balaninus. The habits of these species
have repeatedly been placed on record.
BRENTHID.
Eupsalis minuta, ander loose bark of vari-
ous trees.
CALANDRID A.
Rhodobenus 13-punctatus, very common
on meadows.
Sphenophorus. The species live on the
rootsof grasses in sandy places; ochrevs,
melanocephalus, sculptilis, and parvulus
are very abundant.
Calandra oryze and granaria, in stored
rice, wheat, corn, ete.
Dryophthorus,corticalis, very common un-
der bark of rotten trees.
Himatium errans, under bark; conicum, in
bark of Liriodendron tulipifera.
Cossonus impressifrons, ander bark of vari-
ous trees.
Stenomimus pallidus, under bark, rare.
Phleophagus apionides and minor, on dead
twigs.
Wollastonia quercicola, like Phleophagus.
Amaurorhinus nitens, on dead branches of
grapevine.
FHexvarthrum ulkei, rare, seems to be im-
ported.
thyncolus oregonensis, rare.
Stenoscelis brevis, common in rotten wood.
There are several undersecribed Calan-
dridex.
SCOLYTID.
Scolytus quadrispinosus, on hickory; muti-
cus, on celtis; rugulosus, on fruit trees.
Chramesus icoriz, in branches of hickory.
Phleotribus liminaris, on fruit trees; fron-
talis, on Morus rubra.
Flylesinus aculeatus, under bark of ash;
opaculus, under elm bark; fasciatus,
rare, infests twigs of Fraxinus.
Cnesinus strigicollis, on liquidambar.
Phicwosinus dentatus, under bark of juniper.
Carphoborus bifurcus, under pine bark.
Dendroctonus terebrans, under pine bark;
Frontalis, one specimen.
Hiylastes, all on pine; also Hylurgops pini-
Wea:
Crypturgus alutaceus, on pine.
Cryphalus rigidus, on beech, one speci-
men.
Coccotrypes dactyliperda, found oceasion-
ally in dates in our fruit stores.
Hypothenemus and — dissimilis,
found abundantly in dry twigs of vari-
ous trees in early spring.
Pityophthorus minutissimus,
eruditus
under oak
bark; pulicarius, pullus, puberulus, an-
nectens and hirticeps, on pine; consimilis,
on rhus.
Pityogenes plagiatus, on pines.
Nylocleptes decipiens, rare.
Tomicus. All under bark of pines.
Dryocetes granicollis, rare.
Micracis suturalis and opacicollis boring
in old twigs; rudis, in willow, rare.
Thysanoes fimbricornis, in dead hickory
twigs.
Gnathotrichus materiarius and asperulus,
in pine,
, ete
= Nad
NO. 1275.
BEETLES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—ULKE.
Or
~T
ECOLOGICAL NOTES—Continued.
Xyleborus tachygraphus, bores in Acer
dasycarpumand other trees, on the shore
of the river; dispur, in apple; celsus,
in hickory; biographus, male of celsus;
fuscatus, very common in oak; p/ani-
collis, probably male of fuscatus; re-
tusicolls, probably male of pubescens;
aylographus, abundant on oak.
NXyloterus scabricollis, rare; politus, com-
mon, bores in Acer dasycarpum.
Corthylus punctatissimus, common in the
roots of Vaccinium corymbosum.
Monarthrum fasciatum and mali,
abundant in deciduous trees.
Platypus flavicornis and quadridentatus,
mostly boring in pine.
very
ANTHRIBID/®.
EHurymycter fasciatus, on old branches.
Tropideres bimaculatus and rectus, on dead
twigs.
Hormiscus, Toxotropis and Eusphyrus, all
common on old twigs.
Piezocorynus dispar, mastus and mixtus, on
old logs and under loose bark; jv :/us
rather rare.
Anthribus
branches.
cornutus, not rare on dead
Cratoparis lunatus and lugubris, in fungi
growing on old logs; dunatus, exceed-
ingly common; /ugubris, rare.
Brachytarsus alternatus and variegatus very
common on meadows; tomentosus, very
common on ambrosia.
Anthribulus rotundatus, on swampy mead-
ows, Common.
Choragus, not rare on dead twigs.
Euxenus punctatus, on twigs, rare.
Ey) i a
we
ie
.
As
a,
SOME NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS.
By Harry C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Ornithologist, Department of Agriculture.
During the course of various recent systematic researches in the
bird collection of the United States National Museum, the following
South American species and subspecies, apparently new, were inci-
dentally brought to light. They for the most part belong to the
Tyrannide and other mesomyodian families. In several instances the
specimens had been for a long time in the United States National
Museum collection, but either undetermined or misidentified.
For privileges of investigation and publication, as well as for many
accessory courtesies, the thanks of the author are due Mr. Ridgway,
the curator of the division. In three cases where material from other
museums forms the basis of description, indebtedness to the proper
source is acknowledged.
Family FORMICARITD.
THAMNOPHILUS TEPHROGASTER, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Thamnophilus caerulescens in form and gen-
eral color, but differs in having the abdomen and crissum pale slate
gray instead of white, the lower tail-coverts barred with blackish.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 32846, U.S.N.M.; Bahia,
Brazil. Pileum, nape, and middle of back black, the latter with large
concealed spots of pure white; remainder of upper surface, the super-
ciliary stripe, sides of head and neck slate color, the lores and auric-
ulars mixed with blackish; tail black, broadly tipped with white, and
with a bar, or lengthened spot, on the middle of the exterior web of
each of the outer rectrices; wings fuscous, the secondaries margined
externally with slate color, the primaries narrowly with white, the
superior wing-coverts all black with broad white tips; lower surface
slate gray, paler posteriorly, where obsoletely barred with grayish;
crissum light slate gray, barred rather indistinctly with slaty blackish;
lining of wing grayish white. Length of wing, 71 mm.; tail, 66 mm.;
exposed culmen, 13.5 mm.; tarsus, 23 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm.
This new Zhamnophilus has apparently hitherto been confounded
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXV—No. 1276.
59
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
with Thamnophilus caerulescens, from which, however, it is at least _
subspecifically distinet. All the specimens we have seen are from
Brazil, and are quite uniform in characters, though some of them are
more plainly barred on the lower tail-coverts than is the type; and
while the present form may ultimately prove to be but the geo-
graphical representative of 7. caerulescens in Brazil, there is at pres-
ent no evidence of intergradation. From Thamnophilus naevius, with
which it agrees in general appearance, it differs in decidedly shorter,
weaker bill, somewhat paler abdomen, and broader bar on the median
portion of the outermost rectrix. A female, apparently belonging to
this new species, has a shorter bill than the same sex of T. naevius, 18
appreciably less rufescent above, with the tail, particularly on the
middle feathers, more blackish; and in place of the dull, grayish
ochraceous of naceius, is conspicuously rufous below, anteriorly shaded
with olive.
This form seems never to have received a name, since Thamnophilus
cacrulescens Vieillot,! and Thamnophilus auratus of the same author,’
both based on Paraguay specimens, as well as Thamnophilus ventralis
Sclater.’ all refer undoubtedly to the white-vented bird. It is barely
possible that Zhamnophilus pileatus Swainson * is the immature male
of the bird here described, but unless considerable allowance is to he
made for error of description this seems not to be the case.
Family FURNARIID®.
SYNALLAXIS SPIXI NOTIUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Synallaris spiei spivi, but much more
grayish above; sides, flanks, and crissum grayish, or but very slightly
rufescent.
Description.—Ty pe, adult male, No. 55783, U.S.N.M.; Conchitas,
Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, November, 1868; William H.
Hudson. Crown and forehead bright chestnut; rest of upper parts
dark grayish brown, somewhat rufescent on the back; tail similar, but
slightly darker; wings fuscous, margined externally with olive, the
median and lesser coverts chestnut, the greater series edged with the
same: sides of head and neck, including supraorbital region, deep
brownish gray; center of chin and throat black with silvery gray tips
to many of the feathers; remainder of lower surface down to the
breast ‘brownish gray; abdomen pale brownish gray, the sides and
erissum much darker and with a very slight tinge of rufous; lining of
wing buff. Length of wing, 49 mm.; tail, 71 mm.;° exposed culmen,
14 mm.: tarsus, 19 mm.; middle toe, 13 mm.
1Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., III, 1816, p. 311.
*Idem, p. 312.
’ Edinburgh New Philos. Journ., new ser., I, 1855, p. 244.
4 Zool. Journ., II, 1825, p. 91.
»Tail imperfect:
“No. 1276. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS—OBE TRHOLSER,. 61
The type of Synallavis spixi came from Brazil, and it is on the
strength of comparison with birds from that country that the present
separation is made. A specimen from Paraguay seems to be some-
what intermediate, though agreeing substantially with Brazilian birds.
XENICOPSIS PERCNOPTERUS, new species.
Chars. sp.—Allied to Xenicopsis olcagineus, but more rufescent
throughout; upper surface somewhat darker, superciliary more deeply
ochraceous; breast more strongly tinged with ochraceous: lining of
wing darker.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 177706, U.S.N.M.: Alto da
Serra, Brazil, August 8, 1899; J. Lima. Upper parts uniform reddish
olive brown, a little paler on the rump and upper tail-coverts, the
feathers with slightly darker margins, producing an obsolete squamate
effect; wings like the back but more rufescent; tail plain chestnut;
superciliary stripe deep ochraceous: lores ochraceous, mixed with
olive brown; cheeks, sides of head and neck olive brown, inclining to
blackish, with broad shaft streaks of buffy and white; chin and upper
throat pale buff, the feathers all tipped with olive; remainder of lower
surface olive brown, rather lighter than that of the upper parts,
streaked broadly and sharply with buffy white and ochraceous, these
markings narrow on flanks, sides, and crissum; lining of wing deep
fulvou-; inner margins of remiges dull ochraceous. Length of wing,
79 mm.; tail, 73 mm.;' exposed culmen, 18 mm.; tarsus, 22 mm.:
middle toe, 18.5 mm.
In the character of the streaking below this new species agrees with
both AeNICOPS!S oleagi nes and AXenicopsis acritus,? differing further
from the latter in its decidedly more rufescent color both above and
below, and in the strongly buffy instead of yellowish shade of the
light areas on the breast and lower throat. There is no difficulty in
distinguishing the present species from AENICOPSIS rufosuperciliatus,
since the much more distinctly streaked, less rufescent lower surface,
tae paler superciliary stripe, with the much darker, more olive upper
parts, serve to separate it almost at a glance. There seems to be little
it any difference in size between any of the five closely allied species,
Aenicopsis rufosuperciliatus, X. dleagineus, X. cabanisi, X. acritus,
and XY. percnopterus.
Family TYRANNID®.
OCHTHOECA RUFIMARGINATA ACROPHILA, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp. —Similar to Ochthoeca rupimarginata rupjimarginata,
hut entire upper surface rufescent instead of sooty brown.
Description. al yPe, eualh ENE. Ne: 32915, U.S. ee Es Napo,
"Tail not fully grown.
> Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 187.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
{
SY
+
"i
Ecuador. Pileum bister brown; rest of upper parts mummy brown;
tail plain fuscous, edged externally with the color of the back; wings
fuscous. the lesser and median coverts mummy brown, the latter
broadly tipped with dull rufous; the greater series bister, tipped as
the median series; outer webs of the secondaries with narrow dull
rufous margins, those of the innermost more extensive and somewhat
paler; superciliary stripe brownish white; lores and auriculars like the
pileum; cheeks brownish white; chin and upper throat dull white;
sides of breast mummy brown, the breast pale brownish; remainder
of lower surface pale dusky brownish yellow, the sides rather duller;
lining of wing light yellowish. Length of wing, 64 mm.; tail, 66
mm.; exposed culmen, 10 mm.; tarsus, 20.5 mm.; middle toe, 10.5 mm.
The differences charaeterizing this new form are not such as may
be graphically described, but they are nevertheless quite apparent on
comparison of specimens. The rufescent hue pervading the upper
parts is prevalent also on the sides of the breast and adjacent portion
of the neck. invading as well to an appreciable extent the brownish suf-
fusion of the breast. The two races appear to be alike in size.
The type of Ochthoeca rufimarginata, Which has been examined in
the American Museum of Natural History, came from Quito Valley,
and represents apparently the bird found on the central and western
Andes, while this new form, evidently but a subspecies, is its repre-
sentative on the eastern slope of these mountains.
MECOCERCULUS ALUTUS, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Mecocerculus stictopterus, but considerably
paler, more brownish above, as well as on sides of head and neck.
Description.—Type, No. 42422, American Museum of Natural His-
tory, collection of George N. Lawrence; Ecuador. Pileum dull
brownish gray; remaining upper parts a medium shade of olive
brown, the upper tail-coverts noticeably paler and more brownish;
wings and tail fuscous, margined with the color of the back, the
ereater and median wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish white,
producing two wing-bars; a broad superciliary stripe white; lores and
2 small postocular streak dark brown; cheeks and sides of neck dull
brownish white; under surface white, anteriorly washed with brownish,
the sides, flanks, and crissum tinged with yellowish; lining of wing
yellowish white. Length of wing, 59 mm.; tail, 52 mm.; exposed
culmen. 7 mm.; tarsus, 17.5 mm.; middle toe, 9 mm.
The single specimen of this bird differs so greatly from examples
of Mecocerculus stictopterus that its distinctness seems to be certain.
It may, however, ultimately prove to be but a subspecies, although
evidently a very well-marked one.
The type is the only specimen examined, and for permission to
describe it the writer is indebted to the authorities of the American |
Museum of Natural History. through Dr. J. A. Allen. |
~~
~
NO, 1276. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 6:
MECOCERCULUS STICTOPTERUS EUPLASTUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Mecocerculus stictopterus stictopterus, but
plumbeous of pileum less tinged with brownish: upper surface of body
olive green instead of olive brown; sides of head somewhat paler,
Description. —Type, adult male, No. 159818, U.S.N.M.: Maraynioe,
Peru, September 1, 1892; J. Kalinowski. Crown plumbeous; remain-
der of upper parts olive eveen: tail fuscous. margined with the color
of the back: Wings sepia brown, the lesser coverts and innermost sec-
ondaries edged with dull olive green, the greater and median wing-
coverts and innermost secondaries broadly tipped with buffy white, the
remaining wing-quills with external margins of pale olive brown; sides
of head dull slate gray, the cheeks mixed with whitish: superciliary
stripe white; sides of neck anteriorly grayish above, whitish below,
posteriorly dull olive green; lower parts white, the throat and breast
shaded with grayish, the sides, flanks, and crissum washed with
yellowish; lining of wing pale sulphur yellow. Length of wing,
65> mim.; tail, 59 mm.; exposed culmen, 8 mm.:; tarsus, 18 mm. ;
middle toe, 10 mim.
While possibly a distinct species, this new form so resembles true
Mecocerculus stictopterus from Ecuador as to appear the subspecific
representative of that species in Peru. It is, however, determinable
at sight by the very different color of the back. The size of both
forms appears to be nearly or quite the same.
RHYNCHOCYCLUS SCOTIUS, new species.
Chars. Sp. —Similar to Rhynchocyclus sul phurescens, but bill bre vader;
upper parts rather duller olive green; edgings of wings and tail less
yellowish, this most apparent on the Wing-coverts; entire lower sur-
face darker, more dingy, even the median portion of abdomen con-
siderably shaded with olivaceous: lining of wing of a deeper, more
olive yellow.
Description.—Type (sex unknown), No. 59181, U.S.N.M.: Brazil
(exact locality unknown). Above olive green, the head and nape
noticeably shaded with slate color: Wings and tail fuscous, margined
exteriorly with olive green, this on the remiges and greater wing-
coverts more yellowish; lores dusky; supraloral stripe dull white:
chin and cheeks dull grayish, mixed with olive green and slaty;
auriculars anteriorly olive green, posteriorly blackish; sides of neck
olive green; rest of under surface dull grayish olive yellow, brighter
on the central abdomen, the crissum tinged with ochraceous; lining of
wing olivaceous yellow, the axillars clear sulphur vellow. Leneth of
wing, 66.5 mm.; tail, 60 mm.;: exposed culmen, 11 mm.; tarsus,
18 mm.; middle toe, 10 mm.
The single specimen on whieh is based the above description is
unfortunately without further locality than ‘* Brazil,” but it is certainly
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
different from Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens, with which it alone needs
comparison. From all of a good series of sulphurescens it differs as
we have noted.
PERISSOTRICCUS, new genus.
Chars. gen.—Similar to Orchilus Cabanis, but tail very much
shorter—less than half of wing, and not decidedly longer than tarsus.
Type, Zodirostrum ecaudatum @Orbigny and Lafresnaye.
The species commonly known as Orchilus ecaudatus differs so much
from the type of the genus in which it has been placed that its formal
separation seems advisable. In addition to the structural characters
above given may be added the very different pattern of coloration—
unstreaked below, lacking the blackish auricular spot, and with a
cinereous or blackish crown. The species are:
»issotricous ccaudatus (VWOrbigny and Lafresnaye).
opi ssotriCCUs atricapillus (Lawrence).
HEMITRICCUS PAMMICTUS, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Hemitriccus diops, but upper parts more
ereenish olive: throat, cheeks, sides, flanks, and crissum much tinged
with yellowish olive; edgings of wing-quills more yellowish; wings
with two pale yellow bars; bill more compressed,
Description.—Type, adult (sex unknown), No. 23967, U.S.N.M.,
South America [probably some part of southeastern Brazil], cruise of
the Delaware; Dr. G. R. Horner. Upper surface olive green, rather
paler on the rump; tail fuscous, margined with the color of the back;
wings fuscous, edged externally with olive green—this on the quills
more yellowish—the innermost secondaries tipped with yellowish
white: the greater and median coverts broadly tipped with light
vellow, forming two wing-bars; lores, eye ring, and ill-defined super-
ciliary stripe dull yellowish white; cheeks pale olive yellow; sides of
neck dull light olive green; chin and throat pale dingy olive yellow;
remainder of lower surface dull white, the breast tinged with brown-
ish buff. the sides, flanks, and crissum shaded with olive vellow; lining
of wing sulphur yellow. Length of wing, 50 mm.; tail, 48 mm.;
exposed culmen, 9 mm.; tarsus, 17.5 mm.; middle toe, 9 mm.
The single specimen of this new species has been for a long time in
the National Museum, and has been labeled Phylloscartes ventralis, but
apparently is not even generically identical, as a comparison of speci-
mens readily proves. In fact, it is much nearer /Zemitriceus diops
than to any other species, though having rather a more narrow Dill,
in this respect being somewhat intermediate between /Zemétriccus and
Phylloscartes. In coloration it differs conspicuously from Phylloscartes ”
ventralis in having the abdomen white instead of yellow, and in being
venerally paler throughout.
die weal ss
. 1276. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER.
te -POGONOTRICCUS ALLENI, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps, Wut smaller, the
yellow of lower parts deeper and more greenish, the chin yellowish
instead of whitish, the auriculars with a black posterior band, the
plumbeous of head somewhat darker, the green of upper surface
brighter.
Description.—TVype, No. 71758, American Museum of Natural His-
tory; Rio Cauca, United States of Colombia, June, 1898; J. H. Batty.
Crown and occiput deep plumbeous with a slight brownish tinge; rest
of upper surface bright olive green; tail fuscous, edged with olive
green; wings fuscous, the lesser coverts margined with olive green, the
median and greater coverts with greenish yellow, forming two wing
bars, the secondaries similarly edged, the primaries more narrowly
with the same color; lores and ill-defined superciliary stripe grayish
white, mixed with slaty plumbeous; eye ring grayish white; subocular
area mixed plumbeous and whitish; anterior auriculars dull sulphur
yellow, this succeeded posteriorly by a black band; supra-auricular
region with a dull white spot, contiguous to the end of superciliary
stripe; sides of neck olive green like the back; entire lower surface
deep greenish yellow, clearest posteriorly, much overlaid with olive
green on the breast, duller and paler on the chin and upper throat;
-axillars and under wing-coverts pale yellow; inner margins of wing-
quills yellowish white. Wing, 57 mm.; tail, 52 mm.; exposed culmen,
8mm.; tarsus, 14.5 mm.; middle toe, 7.5 mm.
The single specimen on which this new species is based was origi-
nally identified as Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps, but it so greatly differs
from that species, with the type of which it has been compared, that
there is not the slightest doubt of its distinctness; and furthermore
it seems not to agree with any described form. In general appearance
it isa much brighter colored bird than P. plunberceps, this particu-
larly conspicuous on the upper parts and about the head. There is
much more blackish and slaty on the sides of the head; the more
deeply yellowish wing margins are broader; the anterior ear-coverts
are deep yellow; the crissum is darker yellow; the breast much more
strongly shaded with olive. From /ogonotriccus zeledoni it differs in
much the same respects, yet even more decidedly; and it may be dis-
tinguished from 7. ea/mius by its larger size, slaty plumbeous crown
and occiput, more yellowish edgings of the wings, slightly ashy chin
and slaty mixture in the white of lores and superciliary stripe.
_ This fine new species is with great pleasure dedicated to Dr. J. A.
Allen, through whose kindness the privilege of publishing this descrip-
tion is accorded, and to whom further the writer owes much for favors
past and present.
i Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02
~
0
msgs
were
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
eee ee eee eee
SIRYSTES SIBILATOR ATIMASTUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Sirystes sebilator sibilator, but slightly
smaller; the upper parts lighter and more grayish; the lower surface
somewhat paler; the rump distinctly whitish.
Description.—Ty pe, adult male, No. 129412, U.S.N.M.; Chapada,
Matto Grosso, Brazil, March 13, 1885; H. H. Smith. Crown and occi-
put dull black; upper tail-coverts dark sepia brown, edged with gray-
ish; remainder of upper surface olive gray, the feathers with median
streaks of dark brown, broadest on the back and scapulars, the rump
white, washed with yellowish gray; tail blackish brown, margined with
buffy; wings blackish brown, the lesser and median coverts edged with —
dark olive gray, rather paler on the latter, the greater series, with the
secondaries, margined with grayish white; lores, cheeks, and auriculars
brownish slate color; sides of neck medium gray, with a wash of green-
ish: chin, breast, and throat pale dull gray; rest of lower surface white,
the sides washed with yellowish; under wing-coverts light gray with
brownish centers; axillars pale yellow. Length of wing, 91 mm. ; tail,
79 mm.; exposed culmen, 16 mm.; tarsus, 20 mm. ; middle toe and
claw, 12 mm.
The most conspicuous character distinguishing the present form from
true stbilator is the distinctly whitish rump. In this respect S. s.
atimastus approaches S/rystes albocinereus, but differs in the conspicu-
ously streaked upper surface, though suggesting that albocinereus May
ultimately prove to be only subspecifically separable.
Family TROGLODYTID.
THRYOPHILUS ALBIPECTUS BOGOTENSIS Hellmayr.
Thryophilus albipectus bogotensis HeLtMAyR, Verhandl. k. k. Zool.-bot. Gesellsch.
Wien, 1901, pp. 770, 774.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Thryophilus albipectus Cabanis, but bill rather
longer; entire upper parts, including wings and tail, very much darker;
streaking on cheeks more conspicuous; sides of head and neck more
grayish; throat and breast more tinged with brownish; flanks and
crissum more deeply rufous.
Description.—Adult female, No. —,' collection of Carnegie Mu-
seum; Don Diego, Santa Marta, Colombia, May 12, 1901; Mrs. H. H. %
Smith. Above deep reddish brown, rather paler on rump and upper
tail-coverts; tail chestnut, barred with blackish; wings fuscous, the
lesser and median coverts like the back, the greater series, tertials, and
external webs of other wing-quills finely barred with the same color; —
superciliary stripe dull white, lores and postocular stripe dull brown, »
the former mixed with whitish; cheeks, auriculars, and post-auricular
1Not numbered.
é No. 1276. NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRDS—OBERHOLSER. 67
region grayish white, conspicuously streaked by feather margins of
dark brown; throat and breast dull brownish white, the breast laterally
much tinged with ochraceous; sides of body, flanks, lower abdomen,
andcrissum rufous, brighter posteriorly; lining of wing dull brownish
white. Length of wing, 60 mm.; tail, 42 mm.; exposed culmen, 15.5
mm.; tarsus, 23 mm.; middle toe, 15.5 mm.
The above-described species differs from Thryophilus longirostris
of Brazil in its much shorter bill and tail, darker upper surface, more
rufescent crown, conspicuous streaking of cheeks and auriculars,
whitish breast and center of abdomen. It is only subspecifically dis-
tinct from Thryophilus albipectus, although our material does not
indicate intergradation. 7hryophilus albipectus bogotensis is evidently
the bird identitied as 7hryophilus leucotis by Dr. Sharpe,’ but is cer-
certainly not the Zhriothorus leucotis of Lafresnaye. In the original
description of /eucotis” the cheeks are given as pure white, unmarked,
which character, as well as the color of the upper parts, clearly is
inapplicable to Dr. Sharpe’s bird from Venezuela or to the present
one from Colombia; but dewcotis is apparently the bird now known as
Thryophilus galbraithic Lawrence.* Dr. Sharpe synonymizes Thryo-
thorus albipectus Cabanis* with his 7. deucotis,’ but that they are not
identical is proved by a typical specimen in the National Museum
collection.
By the arrangement above indicated the South American species of
the 7. leucotis group would stand as follows:
Thryophilus leucotis (Lafresnaye) (= 7. galbraithii Auct.).—Panama.
Thryophilus superciliaris (Lawrence).—Western Ecuador.
Thryophilus longirostris longirostris (V ieillot).—Southeastern Brazil.
Thryophilus longirostris striolatus (Spix).—Eastern Brazil (Bahia).
Thryophilus albipectus albipectus (Cabanis).—Guiana and lower
Amazonia.
Thryophilus albipectus bogotensis Hellmayr.—Venezuela to Bolivia.
Thryophilus albipectus hypoleucus Berlepsch and Hartert.—Orinoco
region.
Thryophilus albipectus rufiventris (Sclater).—Central and South-
western Brazil.
Thryophilus minor (Pelzeln).—Southwestern Brazil and Paraguay.
Thryophilus teniopterus Ridgway.—Lower Amazonia.
For the privilege of describing the above specimen the writer is
indebted to the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and to
the kindness of Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, its curator of ornithology.
1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 207.
* Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 338.
3 Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1860, p. 320.
*Schomburgk’s Reis. Guian., III, 1848, p. 673,
> Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1881, p. 207.
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family ICTERID 4.
ICTERUS PYRRHOPTERUS COMPSUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Lcterus pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus, but
humeral patch ferrugineous instead of chestnut.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 60595, U.S.N.M.; Cuyaba,
Matto Grosso, Brazil; J. Natterer.—Entire plumage glossy black,
with the exception of a bright ferrugineous wing patch involving all
the superior coverts excepting the greater series. Length of wing
(average of 4 specimens), 94.3 mm.; tail. 94.6 mm.; exposed culmen,
17 mm.; tarsus, 238.1 mm.
The character upon which this new form rests—that is, the much
paler color of the reddish brown humeral area—is, notwithstanding
some individual variation, quite constant in all of the considerable
number of specimens examined. Birds from the neighborhood of
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, are of the same form, but those from
Corumba, farther to the southward, are true pyrrhopterus. Bona-
parte’s name Pendulinus periporphyrus' was based on the bird from
Bolivia, which, as proved by specimens examined, is the same as that
of Paraguay, the type locality of pyrrhopterus.” The present race is
therefore undescribed.
ICTERUS PYRRHOPTERUS ARGOPTILUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Like Icterus pyrrhopterus pyrrhopterus in color, but
decidedly larger, this particularly evident in the bill and tail.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 55749, U.S.N.M.; Conchitas,
Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic, September, 1868; William H.
Hudson.—Above and below glossy black, this including both wings
and tail, with the exception of a chestnut humeral patch.
Although in color not different from typical /. pyrrhopterus, the
birds from Buenos Ayres are so much larger that their subspecific
separation seems desirable. The subjoined table of millimeter meas-
urements exhibits the difference between the two races.
Ex-
Name. Sex. | Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus.
iculmen.
}
lee z csr tes Sal en :
NO. 1280. NEW NORTH AMERICAN DIPTERA—COQUILLETT. 97
SIMULIUM VIRGATUM, new species.
Male.—Head and body black, antennx: and mouth parts dark brown,
thorax gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with a narrow median and
laterally with a very broad velvet black vitta (viewed directly from
above), mesonotum sparsely covered with short, appressed hairs;
abdomen on first six segments opaque, velvet black, a large silvery
white spot on each side of the second and sixth segments, venter near
each side with an interrupted yellow vitta on segments three to seven,
composed of appressed hairs, on each side of base of abdomen isa large
cluster of yellow hairs, and a smaller cluster on each side of segments
three to five; femora and front tibiz yellow, their apices brown, middle
tibie brown, a yellow ring beyond the base, hind tibie brown, the
extreme base yellowish; tarsi black, broad base of first joint and
extreme base of the second on the middle and hind tarsi light yellow-
ish; wings hyaline, veins along the costa yellowish brown, the others
nearly hyaline; halteres vellow.
Female.— Ditters from the male as follows: Vitte of mesonotum
brownish, the median yitta dilated posteriorly, wider than either of the
lateral ones; viewed from in front the mesonotum appears whitish
pruinose and with two velvet black vittee; abdomen on first five seg-
ments and sides of the sixth opaque, gray pruinose, and with a velvet
black fascia at bases of three to six, broadly interrupted on six, the
middle of which and the portion of the abdomen beyond it is very
thinly pruinose and of a dark brown color.
Length, nearly 3mm. ‘Two males and two females collected August
4 to 14 by Mr. H. S. Barber.
Habitat.—Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico.
Type.—Cat. No. 6183, U.S.N.M.
SIMULIUM GLAUCUM, new species.
Male.—Head and body black, face gray pruinose, thorax bluish
gray pruinose, mesonotum marked with a narrow median and slightly
wider lateral black vitte, broad lateral margins when viewed from
behind silvery white, a pair of large, subquadrate silvery spots on the
front end separated by the median black vitta, which is here greatly
dilated; abdomen velvet black, sides of segments two and five to nine
silvery, middle of dorsum of four also silvery; venter almost wholly
silvery; femora and tibize brown, bases of tibie yellow, anterior side
of front ones largely silvery; tarsi black, broad base of first joint of
the middle and hind ones whitish; wines hyaline, veins along the costa
yellowish brown, the others nearly hyaline; halteres yellow; length,
2.5mm. Faun. Per., Aves, 1845-46, p. 174, pl. x1, fig. 1.
° Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, pp. 90, 147, pl. xcvu.
‘Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., XV, 1890; p. 221.
noc te A at
No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 129
mentalis, according to Temminck’s original plate and description, with
which the above mentioned Paraguay specimen perfectly agrees, is
uniform dull grayish olive green on all the middle and posterior upper
parts, this color being trenchantly defined against the plumbeous of
head and cervix; the throat is grayish white, giving way rather
abruptly to the clear naples yellow of breast and abdomen. But
Dysithamnus olivaceus is apparently quite a distinct species, the male
differing from that of 2. mentalis in being usually quite uniform
plumbeous above, and though sometimes appreciably tinged with olive,
principally on the rump, never olive green; the lower surface poste-
rior to the throat is never clear yellow, but generally white medially,
much shaded with slate gray laterally, and on flanks and crissum tinged
with pale brownish, ochraceous, or yellowish. The same large series
which Dr. Allen studied has been examined in the present connection;
and a considerable number of additional specimens in the United States
National Museum, principally from Colombia and Central America,
have thrown light upon the questions involved. Two forms of
D. olivaceus are readily recognizable, D. olivaceus olivaceus from Peru,
Bolivia and western Brazil, and D). ol/vaceus semicinereus from Colom-
bia and Central America. While it is true that there are absolutely
no valid characters by which the males of these two forms can be
separated, there is no difficulty at all in distinguishing the femd/es, for
those of semicinereus are very much darker both above and below,
specimens from Colombia (Bogota) being extreme in this particular,
With regard to the proper names for these two forms there is, untor-
tunately, some room for question. The point to be determined is the
identity of Tschudi’s name o//naceus, which from plate and description
might apply to either the Brazilian or Central American bird. The
present separation of o//naceus and semicinercus is based on comparison
of specimens from Matto Grosso, Brazil, which are considered to
represent o/ivaceus, with examples from Bogota, the type locality of
semicinereus; while none from Ecuador, Peru, or Bolivia have been
available. Should Peruvian specimens prove o/7vaceus identical with
semicinereus, the latter would, of course, become a synonym, and
another subspecific name would be necessary for the bird of west-
ern Brazil, which undoubtedly would be afinés Pelzeln.t Although
strongly inclined to the belief that this will some day have to be
done, we refrain from making such a change until absolute proof of
the necessity be obtained.
THAMNOPHILUS CHRULESCENS Vieillot.
Thamnophilus crulescens Virtttor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., IIT, 1816, p. 311.
A single adult male in perfect plumage is apparently typical. ** Iris
brown.”
10Orn. Bras., 1869, pp. 80, 149.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 9
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
THAMNOPHILUS OCHRUS Oberholser.
Thamnophilus ochrus OpErHoLsER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p.
188. :
Chars. sp.—Female resembling that of Thamnophilus czerulescens,
but rather lighter, more grayish above; the lesser wing-coverts black
instead of olivaceous; the entire ventral surface decidedly paler, the
breast grayish buff, the central portion of abdomen buffy white.
Description.—Type, adult female, No. 173378, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay,
Paraguay, June 24, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper parts grayish
olive brown, more brownish on the scapulars and on the crown, the
fore part of which latter is lighter; the feathers of the center of the
back with large ill-concealed white spots usually in the form of broad
irregular bars, succeeded distally by a more or less evident subterminal
mark of blackish; middle tail-feathers similar to the general tone of
the back, though rather darker, unmarked with white, the remaining
rectrices brownish black, margined with brownish slate, and tipped
with white, the outer pair with also a white bar about 7 millimeters
wide near the middle of the external web; wing-quills fuscous, edged
exteriorly with olive brown; all the superior coverts black tipped with
white, the greater series margined basally with grayish olive brown;
lores, cheeks, and eye ring grayish white, much mixed with grayish
olive; sides of neck and head behind the eyes grayish olive, the auricu-
lars rather darker with shaft lines of buffy white; chin and throat
grayish white mixed with dusky and very faintly washed with ochra-
ceous; breast grayish buff—or better, dull pale gray washed with
ochraceous buff; sides, flanks, and crissum plain ochraceous, the cen-
ter of abdomen and lower breast dull buffy white; under wing-coverts
and inner margins of wing-quills buffy white; axillars buffy ochraceous.
Bill brownish black, the base of mandible paler; *‘iris brown.” Length
of wing, 70 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; exposed culmen, 12 mm.; height of
bill at base, 5.5 mm.; tarsus, 23.5 mm., middle toe, 13 mm.
Only a single specimen, the female above described, was obtained
by Mr. Foster, but this apparently differs so greatly and in so many
respects from the same sex of all allied species that it seems undoubt-
edly to represent a form hitherto undescribed. It seems to be nearest
Thamnophilus cerulescens in size and proportions, and in these respects
scarcely exhibits material difference, though in color it is of quite other
appearance, as above set forth. The only other species with which it
seems to have at all close affinity is 7Thamnophilus aspersiventer
@Orbigny and Lafresnaye,’ from Yungas, Bolivia, but judging from
the various descriptions of this latter, the female of Zhamnophilus
ochrus is very much paler below, having a broad buffy white area on
1Synopsis Avium, I, 1837, p. 10; d’ Orbigny, Voyage Amer. Mérid., IV, Ois.,
1835-44, p. 171, pl. rv, figs. 1 and 2.
£
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No, 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. Hoa
the lower breast and in the center of the abdomen, sharply contrasted
to the ochraceous of sides and flanks; also the bill of ochrus is of
smaller size.
There are apparently no synonyms that apply to this new species,
for Thamnophilus pileatus Swainson" is clearly not the same, if indeed
at all with certainty identifiable; and Thamnophilus ventralis Sclater”
is undoubtedly the Thamnophilus cerulescens of Vieillot. Further-
more the Zhamnophilus auratus of Vieillot® does not correspond with
the bird sent by Mr. Foster, and quite surely is the female of
T. cerulescens.
THAMNOPHILUS RADIATUS Vieillot.
Thamnophilus radiatus Vie1tuor, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., IIT, 1816, p. 315.
The single adult female is apparently typical of this species. ** Iris
buff.”
HYPOEDALEUS GUTTATUS (Vieillot).
Thamnophilus guttatus Vrerttor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., III, 1816, p. 315.
Hypoedaleus guttatus CABANIS and Herne, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 18.
One adult male, seemingly indistinguishable from a specimen taken
in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. ** Iris brown.”
This species differs so greatly in the shape of the bill and length of
tail from the typical forms of Thamnophilus that there seems to be
excellent reason for the generic separation proposed by Cabanis and
Heine,* and here adopted.
Family DENDROCOLAPTIDZ.
PICOLAPTES TENUIROSTRIS APOTHETUS Oberholser.
Picolaptes tenuirostris apothetus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV,
1901, p. 188.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Picolaptes tenuirostris tenutrostris, but
very much smaller, and with the pale shaft streaks of the back decidedly
more narrow.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 173385, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay,
Paraguay, June 16, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper parts olive
brown, the back more reddish, the rump and upper tail-coverts chest-
nut; head thickly spotted with ochraceous, which markings become
broad shaft-streaks on the cervix and dwindle to narrow shaft lines
on the interscapulum; tail chestnut; wings fuscous, when closed the
exposed surface reddish olive brown, excepting the innermost sec-
ondaries which are entirely dark chestnut, and the inner margins
' Zoological Journal, II, 1825, p. 91.
2Edinb. New. Philos. Journ., New Ser., I, 1855, p. 244.
3Nouyv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., III, 1816, p. 312.
4Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 18.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXy.
of the basal portions of the quills, which are fulvous; lores, cheeks,
and superciliary stripe pale buff, the first mixed, the rest finely squa-
mate with olive brown; auriculars ochraceous buff, on lower half
mixed with olive brown, on upper portion dark brown mixed with
buffy; sides of neck ochraceous, with squamate markings of dark olive
brown; chin and throat deep buff, unmarked; rest of inferior surface
dull grayish olive brown, much paler than the upper parts, and broadly
streaked, particularly on median portion, with dull ochraceous buff,
the crissum rather more rufescent; lining of wing ochraceous buff.
‘*Iris brown.”
The difference in size exhibited by the single specimen above
described is so great that it seems not to be attributable to sex or age,
but to indicate a geographical race worthy of recognition. The char-
acter of the dorsal markings is constant in the six Brazilian specimens
examined. Both of the synonyms of /colaptes tenuirostris-—Dendro-
copus fuscus Vieillot,’ and Picolaptes guttata Lesson,’ refer without
doubt to the bird from Brazil, so that the Paraguay form is without
a name.
The size of both tenu/rostris and apothetus is shown in the following
table of millimeter measurements:
ae | ae Yee «| nz, | Exposed | :
Name. Sex. Locality. Wing.| Tail. | ain cat Tarsus.
SEE, po = es fe DS Zs
Picolaptes tenuirostris tenwirostris. .. azi 79 69! »} 23 | 20
Do S85 ere 25 | 19
Do 84 69 27 18
AMETEIL OY essa deseo Aeciseat ke = 5a5 eee esueoeee |e isp spa sha Seen poet reteters 83.7 | 69.7 25 19
Picolaptes tenuirostris apothetus. ... Male 22222 Sapucay, Paraguay.| 74 | 65 | 22 18
|
Family FURNARIID.
SITTASOMUS ERITHACUS (Lichtenstein).
Dendrocolaptes erithacus Licurenstein, Abhandl. Akad. Berl., 1820, p. 259, pl. 1.
Sittasomus erythacus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 209.
The single example differs from one taken at Bahia, Brazil, in its
deeper, more yellowish olive color both above and below. *‘Iris
brown.”
XENICOPSIS ACRITUS (Oberholser).
Anabazenops acritus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, 1901, p. 187.
NXenicopsis acritus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1902, p. 61.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Xenicopsis oleagineus (Sclater), but decidedly
darker, particularly below, the color throughout greenish olive instead
of olive brown, the superciliary stripe deeper ochraceous, the throat
more yellowish, the light areas of the lower surface more greenish.
‘Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX VI, 1818, p. 117.
*Cent. Zool., 1830, p. 93, pl. xxxu.
5
i
i
No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 133
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 173384, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay,
Paraguay, June 14, 1900; William T. Foster. Upper surface almost
uniform dull, dark olive green, many of the feathers with very narrow
dusky margins producing a slight squamate effect; tail bright chestnut,
unmarked; wings dark brown, the innermost secondaries, outer vanes
of primaries and exposed surface of all the superior wing-coverts
rufescent olive brown, the inner margins of all the quills deep
ochraceous; lores and superciliary stripe rich ochraceous, the former
mixed with olive, the latter somewhat paler posteriorly; sides of head
and neck dull olive green, much streaked with yellowish and buffy
white; chin and upper throat pale naples yellow, the feathers with
‘small terminal spots of olive; rest of lower surface dull olive green,
streaked with yellowish white, greenish white, and pale ochraceous,
most broadly along the median line, most narrowly on flanks and sides
where restricted to fine shaft lines, all this streaking distinct, as in
AXenicopsis oleagineus; erissam with a rufous tinge; lining of wing
dark ochraceous. ‘‘ Iris brown.” Length of wing, 75 mm.; tail, 76mm. ;
exposed culmen, 16 mm.; tarsus, 23 mm.; middle toe, 17 mm.
This new species, of which but a single specimen is in the collection,
is apparently most closely allied to Yenicopsis oleagineus (Sclater),'
but compared with some of the original specimens of that species it
differs as above stated. With 1. rufosuperciliatus (Latresnaye)” it
ean scarcely be confused, being so very different in its dull olive green
instead of rufescent olive brown, both above and below, and in the
very much more sharply defined markings of the ventral surface.
Reichenbach’s Cichlocolaptes ochroblepharus® and his Cichlocolaptes
adspersus* belong undoubtedly under Yentcopsis rufosuperciliatus, so
that the present bird appears never to have been described.
The type of the genus Anabazenops is clearly S/tta fusca Vieillot
(= Anabatoides fuscus Auct.) for which this name should be used,
leaving, as Dr. Sharpe has indicated,’ Yenécops/s Cabanis and Heine
for the group commonly known as Anabazenops.
PHILYDOR RUFUS ( Vieillot).
Dendrocopus rufus VirttLtot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XVI, 1818, p. 119.
Philydor rufus Capanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., I, 1859, p. 29.
One specimen, apparently identical with a Brazilian example. ** Iris
brown.”
1Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, p. 654.
*Mag. de Zool., 1832, Ois., pl. vit.
* Handbuch der Spee. Orn., 1851, p. 174, pl. pxxvil, fig. 3638.
4TIdem, p. 174.
°>Hand-List Gen. and Spec. Birds, III, 1901, p. 70.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
ce
: ANUMBIUS ANNUMBI ( Vieillot).
Furnarius annumbi Virrttor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 117.
Anthus acuticaudatus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, p. 424.
The one adult male in the collection co to be just like speci-
mens from Buenos Ayres. ‘* Iris brown.
This well-known species, the Anwmbius acuticaudatus of authors,
should be called Anwnbius annumbi, as above given, since this name
is by several years the older, as well as of undoubted application.
SYNALLAXIS SPIXI Sclater.
Synailaxis spixi SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 98.
The single example, an adult male, is apparently indistinguishable
from the birds of Brazil which represent the typical form of the
species. ‘‘Iris brown.”
SYNALLAXIS RUFICAPILLA Vieillot.
Synallaxis ruficapilla Vret.ior, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. 310.
One specimen, an adult female. ** Iris brown.”
LOCHMIAS NEMATURA (Lichtenstein).
Myiothera nematura LicHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 43.
Lochmias nematura BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, i as p- 210.
The single specimen is rather darker, duller, and less rufescent above
than one from Brazil, but otherwise does not differ. ‘‘ Iris brown.”
There is a good deal of variation in color among examples of this
species, but it seems to be entirely individual, not geographical.
FURNARIUS RUFUS (Gmelin).
Merops rufus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 465.
Furnarius rufus D’ORBIGNY, Voyage Amér. Mérid., Ois., 1835-44, p. 250.
One specimen; appreciably darker on the breast and upper parts
than examples from Buenos Ayres; but whether or not this difference
is geographical is inconclusively shown by the material at hand. *‘ Iris
brown.”
Family COTINGID&.
PACHYRHAMPHUS VIRIDIS (Vieillot).
Tityra viridis Virittot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., III, 1816, p. 348.
Pachyrhamphus viridis Seuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, p. 75.
A single adult male is in the collection. ‘‘ Iris brown.”
The basis of Vieillot’s 77tyra viridis was Azara’s Paraguay bird,
the present example coming thus from the type locality. The bird
of eastern Brazil, however, is much smaller and slightly paler, being
AN Ph 5a hse) Me
No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. LoD
apparently separable as a geographical race. Five males from Bahia,
Brazil, average in measurement of wing, 72 mm., of tail, 56 mm.;
while the present Paraguay example has a wing of 78 mm., and a tail
of 62 mm. The earliest name available for the Brazilian race is
ewviert? Swainson;' and the proper combination is Pachyrhamphus
viridis cuviert?.
Family PIPRID.
SCOTOTHORUS UNICOLOR (Bonaparte).
Heteropelma unicolor BONAPARTE, Consp. Ay. Volucr. Anisod., 1854, p. 4.
Scotothorus unicolor OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 209.
Heteropelma virescens AUCT. ;
One example, apparently typical. ‘* Iris brown.”
CHIROXIPHIA CAUDATA (Shaw).
| Pipra caudata SHaw, Nat. Miscell., V, 1794, pl. cuir.
| Chiroxiphia caudata CABANIS, Wiegmann’s Archiv f. Naturg., 1847, I, p. 235.
Three specimens. ‘‘Iris brown.” One of these is an immature
male, and differs from the adult female as follows: Whole crown sear-
let; throat, sides of head and neck mixed with blackish; under surface
tinged with bluish.
Family TYRANNIDE.
MYIARCHUS FEROX (Gmelin).
Muscicapa ferox GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 934.
Myiarchus ferox CapBants, Wiegmann’s Archiv f. Naturg. (Ornith. Notiz.), I,
1847, p. 248.
One specimen, closely resembling birds from Guiana, differing only
in the more rufescent tinge to the upper tail-coverts, and in the darker,
more reddish edgings to the wing-coverts. ‘‘Iris brown.”
Judging from specimens in the United States National Museum
collection, M/yiarchus ferox is entirely distinct from JI/ytarchus pel-
zelni Berlepsch.” The latter is lighter ashy on the breast, much
paler, more grayish above, and has a decidedly paler bill.
BLACICUS PILEATUS (Ridgway).
Contopus pileatus Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, p. 21.
Blacicus pileatus OBERHOLSER, Auk, X VI, 1899, p. 337.
A single adult male of this very distinct species is of particular
interest, since it reveals for the first time the region in which the bird
may be found. The species was originally described from a single
specimen without indicated locality, which Mr. Ridgway discovered
among the collections of the American Museum of Natural History in
1Psaris cuvierti, Zool. Mlust., I, 1820-21, pl. xxx11.
2Tbis, 1883, p. 139.
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
New York City, and which until now has remained unique. The pres-
ent example has been carefully compared with the type, and there is
no doubt of their identity; though the former is somewhat more ochra-
ceous on the central portion of the abdomen, as well as darker, slightly
more greenish olive throughout, this difference, of course, to be
expected, for the type was for a long time mounted, and through
exposure to light has become somewhat faded. Our specimen meas-
ures: wing, 76 mm.; tail, 65 mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.;_ tar-
sus, 13.5 mm.; middle toe, 8mm. ‘“‘Iris brown.”
SIRYSTES SIBILATOR ( Vieillot).
Muscicapa sibilator Vierttor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XI, 1818, p. 457.
Sirystes sibilator CABANIS and Heine, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 75.
One female. ‘‘Iris brown.” The edgings of the wing-coverts in
this example are entirely ochraceous, apparently a lingering mark of
immaturity. The longer lower tail-coverts are pale ochraceous, and
the black upper tail-coverts are narrowly margined with chestnut.
RHYNCHOCYCLUS SULPHURESCENS (Spix).
Platyrhynchus sulphurescens Sprx, Av. Spec. Noy. Bras., I, 1825, p. 10, pl. x11, fig. 1.
Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens CABANIS and Herve, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 56.
One adult female, July 21, 1900. ** Iris light brown.”
This species is quite certainly divisible into several geographical
races, but sufficient material is not at present accessible to render
advisable any such attempt. Birds from Matto Grosso, Brazil, are
identical with the one here chronicled from Paraguay, and those from .
Trinidad are not appreciably different.
SUIRIRI SUIRIRI ( Vieillot).
Muscicapa suiriri Virrutor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XI, 1818, p. 487.
Suiriri suirirt D’ORBIGNY, Voyage Amér. Mérid., Ois., 1835-44, p. 336.
3
One adult female. ‘‘Iris brown.” This is a typical specimen, as
Vieillot’s name was based on the ‘‘Suiriri ordinario” of Azara. The
bird described by Gould as Pachyramphus albescens,' from Buenos
Ayres, good specimens of which are in the United States National
Museum, represents a recognizable subspecies which should be known
as Suiriri suiriri albescens. It differs from the true swzr7r7 in being
rather more grayish on the upper surface, but principally in having
the wing-bars and outer margins of the secondaries almost pure white
instead of dull olive gray.
The proper generic name for this group is Swrir7 VOrbigny,’ as it
seems to be entirely pertinent, and of very much earlier date than
Empidagra Cabanis and Heine.*
' Zool. Voyage Beagle, III, 1841, p. 50, pl. x1v.
* Voyage Amér. Mérid., Ois., 1835-44, p. 336.
3 Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 59.
—-
No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 137
MYIOPAGIS CANICEPS (Swainson).
Tyrannula caniceps Swainson, Birds Brazil, 1835 (?), pl. xirx.
Myiopagis caniceps SHarpr, Hand-List Gen. Spec. Birds, III, 1901, p. 117.
A tine adult male of this very rare and very distinct species is in the
collection. It differs in some respects from typical members of the
genus J/y/opagis in its more slender bill and greater relative length of
the two outer primaries, but is undoubtedly much more satisfactorily
placed here than in Llenia. This specimen may be described as
follows: ;
Crown plumbeous, with slaty shaft streaks and washed with olive
green; the basal portion of the crest feathers white, mixed with pale
sulphur yellow, forming a lengthened, almost concealed vertical spot;
remainder of upper surface rather paler than the crown, olive green,
brightest and clearest on rump, increasingly mingled with plumbeous
anteriorly until completely merging into the color of the pileum; tail
fuscous, bordered with olive green; wings sepia brown, the lesser
coverts and outer margins of primaries olive green, the outer edges of
secondaries, with tips of greater and lesser wing-coverts pale sulphur
yellow; the sides of head and neck plumbeous, mixed with greenish on
the latter, the auriculars with whitish shaft streaks, the eye ring and
suborbital region mixed with grayish white; lower surface dull white,
the breast and sides of throat shaded with plumbeous, the sides, flanks
and crissum tinged with sulphur yellow, this on the sides slightly
mingled with greenish; lining of wing pale sulphur yellow; inner mar-
gins of wing-quills bufty white. ‘‘Iris buff.” Length of wing, 59 mm.;
tail, 54 mm.; exposed culmen, 9.5 mm.; tarsus, 18 mm.; middle toe,
11.5 mm.
ELAENIA PAGANA PAGANA (Lichtenstein).
Muscicapa pagana LicHTENstEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, p. 54.
Elaenea pagana CaBants, in Schomburgk’s Reis. Guian., ITI, 1848, p. 701.
One female. ‘‘Iris brown.”
PHYLLOMYIAS SALVADORII (Dubois).
Phyllomyias berlepschi Satvavort, Boll. Mus. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 292, p. 13
(not Sclater).
Phyllomyias brevirostris var. salvadorii Dusots, Synop. Avium, Pt. 4, 1900, p. 238.
A single adult specimen belongs undoubtedly to this newly described
species. It measures as follows: Wing, 62.5 mm.; tail, 60 mm.;
exposed culmen, 8 mm.; tarsus, 18 mm.; middle toe, 10.5 mm.
*‘Tris brown.”
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.,
LEPTOPOGON AMAUROCEPHALUS ICASTUS Oberholser.
Leptopogon amaurocephalus icastus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
XIV, 1901, p. 187.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Leptopogon amaurocephalus tristis, Dut
larger, crown more brownish, the anterior lower surface less purely
yellow, and the wing-bands pale ochraceous instead of pure yellow.
Description.—Type, adult male, No. 173405, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay,
Paraguay, July 23, 1900; William T. Foster. Crown and occiput
olive brown, but little darker than the pure olive green of the remainder
of the upper surface, and into which it almost insensibly passes on the
nape; upper tail-coverts slightly more brownish than the back; tail
fuscous, edged with olive green; wings sepia brown, the remiges mar-
gined externally with olive green, internally with buff, the lesser
coverts olive green, the others edged with the same, the median and
greater series with broad tips of pale ochraceous, forming two well-
defined wing-bands; lores and orbital region brownish white, mixed
with olive brown; cheeks mingled greenish, brownish, and whitish,
auriculars anteriorly brownish white, posteriorly deep olive brown,
this forming a conspicuous patch; sides of neck grayish olive green;
chin and upper throat grayish white, washed with olive yellow; rest
of ventral surface sulphur yellow, much shaded with olive green on
jugulum, breast, and sides; lining of wing sulphur yellow, the bend of
wine tinged with, ochraceous; bill brownish black, the basal half of
mandible dull white. ‘* Iris brown.” Length of wing, 69 mm.; tail,
63 mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.; tarsus, 16 mm.; middle toe, 9 mm.
This apparently new form is perhaps nearest Leptopogon amauro-
cephalus amaurocephatlus, from which, however, it differs in its some-
what larger size, less ochraceous wing-bands, and paler, much less
brownish, less well-defined cap.
Dr. Allen! is seemingly quite right in asserting the close relation-
ship of Leptopogon amaurocephalus, L. a. pileatus, and L. a. tristis,
and considering them simply as geographical forms of one wide-
‘anging species. Leptopogon a. pileatus may easily be distinguished
from true amaurocephalus by its darker, more ochraceous lower surface,
more yellowish green upper parts, and warmer brown pileum.
ORCHILUS AURICULARIS ( Vieillot).
Platyrhynchos auricularis Vierttot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XVII, 1818, p. 16.
Orchilus auricularis CABANIS and Herne, Mus. Hein., II, 1859, p. 51.
A single example is like one from Brazil, except for rather darker,
richer colors above as weil as on sides of head and neck. ‘The latter,
however, may possibly be a female. °‘ Iris brown.”
1Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, p. 334.
|
be
ma ee ee ny ee ee
No, 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 139
EUSCARTHMUS MARGARITACEIVENTER (D’Orbigny and Lafresnaye).
Todirostrum margaritaceiwwenter D?ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE, Synop. Avium, I
1837, p. 46.
Euscarthmus margaritacewentris SCLATER and Savin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879,
p. 612.
?
One specimen in perfect plumage. ** Iris buff.”
There are possibly two species at present united by authors under
EE. margaritaceiventer. The above example agrees with the original
description of margaritaceiventer in being distinctly, even conspicu-
ously, streaked on chin, throat, and breast. Dr. Sclater, however,
describes this species as being without streaking on the lower surface,’
though he fails to note that this is not in correspondence with the
original description. If the birds prove really to be representatives
of two forms, the name for the nonstreaked species is probably
Euscarthmus wuchereri Sclater and Salvin,’ the diagnosis of which
seems to indicate such a difference from true 4. margaritace/venter.
MACHETORNIS RIXOSUS ( Vieillot).
Tyrannus rivosus Virtutor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX XV, 1819, p. 85.
Machetornis rixosus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ueber. Vog. Bras., II, 1856, p. 414.
A single f Bernal: apparently identical with birds from Brazil and
Buenos Ayres. *‘ Iris brown.”
COPURUS COLONUS ( Vieillot).
Musicapa colonus Virititot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XI, 1818, p. 448.
Copurus colonus CABANIS and Hertnr, Mus. Hein., IT, 1859, p. 41.
One adult male. **Iris brown.” The head is rather more grayish
than in the adult specimens available for comparison, but whether this
is due to age or to geographical variation is not evident from our
material.
LICHENOPS PERSPICILLATA (Gmelin).
Motacilla perspicillata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 969.
Lichenops perspicillatus Gouup, Zool. Voy. Beagle, III, 1841, p. 51, pl. 1x
Two specimens. ‘* Iris buff [young male]; iris yellow [adult male].”
This immature male is quite similar to the adult female, but is darker
and is more broadly streaked on the upper parts, breast, and lower
tail-coverts.
KNIPOLEGUS CYANIROSTRIS ( Vieillot).
Muscicapa cyavirostris Virtititot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XI, 1818, p. 447.
Cripolegus cyanirostris BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 195.
Two specimens, apparently typical. ‘Iris red [adult male]; iris
brown [adult female].”
1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, pp. 78, 80.
* Nomenclator Ayium Noneone 1873, p. 158.
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
oe
1.
Family TROGLODYTID®. j
TROGLODYTES MUSCULUS Naumann. |
Troglodytes musculus NAUMANN, VoOg. Deutschl., ITI, 1828, p. 724, table (Lichten-
stein manuscript) .
One specimen. *‘Iris brown.” This bird belongs apparently to the
dark race from southern Brazil, to which the name susculus is appli-
‘able. It is identical with another specimen from the Parana River,
and much darker, more rufescent both above and below than the birds
from Buenos Ayres. q
z : 5 j
Family VIREONID 2.
CYCLARHIS VIRIDIS ( Vieillot). ‘
:
Saltator viridis Vierttor, Eneye. Méth., Il, 1828, p. 793. 3
Cyclorhis viridis BuRMEISTER, Syst. Ueber. Thiere Bras., III, 1856, p. 107. 4
One adult male. ** Iris orange.”
CYCLARHIS OCHROCEPHALA Tschudi. 4
Cyclarhis ochrocephala Tscuupt, Wiegmann’s Archiy f. Naturg., I, 1845, p. 362.
One specimen, an adult female. ** Iris browny red.” 3
Family CORVID.
CYANOCORAX HECKELII Pelzeln.
Cyanocorax heckelii PELZELN, Sitz. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XX, 1856, p. 163.
A single unsexed, undated specimen of this rare and very handsome —
jay is in the collection. It is in excellent plumage and apparently
entirely typical. Wing, 1883 mm.; tail, 159 mm.; exposed culmen,
28.5 mm.; tarsus, 46 mm.
Family CCHAREBID.
DACNIS CAYANA (Linnzus).
Motacilla cayana Lixnaxus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 336.
Dacnis cayana SvRicKLAND, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 15.
Two specimens, both of which seem to be rather darker and duller
above than ordinary examples. ‘‘Iris light brown [male];” ‘‘iris
brown [female ].”
ATELEODACNIS SPECIOSA ( Maximilian.)
Sylvia speciosa MAXIMILIAN, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., III, 1850, p. 708.
Two specimens. ‘‘ tris brown [male];” ‘iris light brown [female].”
The male is not quite adult, having still a wash of yellowish olive on —
the upper parts, most of the wing-quills with yellowish green outer —
j
No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 14]
margins, and many pale buffy feathers on the under surface, where they
contrast plainly with the incoming feathers of the pale gray perfect
plumage.
Mr. Ridgway has directed our attention to the structural differences
obtaining between the so-called ** Dacnis” Spectosa and Dacnis CHYANA—
differences that obviously necessitate generic separation, the name Afe-
leodacnis Cassin! being applicable to the former. The other species
of this group are:
Ateleodacnis leucogenys (Latresnaye) (type of genus).
Ateleodacnis analis (VOrbigny and Lafresnaye).
Ateleodacnis plumbea (Latham).
(4) Ateleodacnis salmon? (Sclater).
Family MNIOTILTID.
BASILEUTERUS AURICAPILLUS (Swainson).
Setophaga auricapilla Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 295.
Basileuterus auricapillus SHaArps, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 393.
One specimen. ‘Iris brown.” The birds from northern South
America are rather darker and decidedly more brownish above than
those from Brazil and Paraguay, and are worthy of subspecific
recognition.
This species is usually called Bas/leuterus vermivorus, but this name?”
refers primarily to Sylvia vermivora Latham,’ which is //elmitherus
vermivorus (Gmelin); and the designation above given is therefore the
proper one.
BASILEUTERUS LEUCOBLEPHARUS CALUS Oberholser.
Basileuterus lucoblepharus calus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV,
1901, p. 188.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Bascleuterus leucoblepharus leucoblepharus,
but slate color of head and neck darker, less brownish; olive green of
back and rump less yellowish; breast much more heavily shaded with
slate gray; sides and flanks almost pure slate gray, instead of olive
green mixed with pale brownish gray; crissum yellowish white instead
of olive yellow; bill darker brown.
Description.—Tvype, adult male, No. 173448, U.S.N.M.; Sapucay,
Paraguay, July 1, 1900; William T. Foster. Pileum and nape slate
color; a sharply defined line extending backward from the base of
bill on each side of the crown, slate black; rest of upper surface plain
olive green; tail similar, with rather lighter edgings; remiges fuscous,
1Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 270.
2 Sylvia vermivora Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, p. 278.
3Index Orn., II, 1790, p. 544.
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
all the exposed portions of the wings quite similar in color to the back;
supraloral area and eye ring white; lores slate color; no well-defined
superciliary stripe; cheeks, sides of throat and neck slate color, all but
the last somewhat mixed with whitish; chin and center of throat white,
sharply defined laterally and against the slate gray of the breast; center
of the breast heavily mottled with slate gray, the sides of the same,
together with sides of body and the flanks, deep slate gray, the latter
very slightly mingled with olive green; median portion of abdomen
white; under tail-coverts pale yellowish; bend of wing and axillars
lemon yellow. Bill dark. brownish slate; feet pale; ‘‘iris brown.”
Length of wing, 65.5 mm.; tail, 67 mm.; exposed culmen, 11 mm.;
tarsus, 25 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm.
There seems to be little, if any, difference in size between ca/us and
true leucoblepharus, bat if anything, the former is slightly smaller.
The only name which could by any possibility apply to this new form
is Trichas superciliosus Swainson,’ and this appears to be undoubtedly
a pure synonym of Basileuterus leucoblepharus leucoblepharus.
GEOTHLYPIS AZEQUINOCTIALIS VELATA ( Vieillot).
Sylvia velata Vrertiot, Ois. Amér. Sept., II, 1807, p. 22, pl. uxxrv.
Geothlypis velata CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 16.
One specimen in perfect plumage, entirely typical of this form.
‘‘Tris light brown.” Some specimens from western Brazil apparently
indicate intergradation with awricularis, while others from the north-
eastern part of this country approach wguinoctialis. There are at
least four good subspecies of Geothlypis equinoctialis, as follows:
Geothlypis equinoctialis xquinoctialis (Gmelin).—Northern South
America, from Trinidad and Guiana to Colombia, and probably north-
eastern Peru.
Geothlypis equinoctialis velata (Vieillot).—Eastern and southern
Brazil to northern Argentine Republic, southeastern Peru, and pos-
sibly Chile. :
Geothlypis xquinoctialis auricularis (Salvin).—Western Peru.
Geothlypis xequinoctialis chiriquensis (Salvin).—Veragua, U. S.
Colombia.
Although Sylv/a cucullata Latham’* antedates Sy/via velata® Vieillot
for this species, to which attention has been called by Dr. Richmond,'
the combination Geothlyp/s cucullata can not be employed for this
bird, since it was long previously used as the original designation of a
Mexican bird described by Salvin and Godman.’
1 Anim. in Menag., 1837, p. 295.
* Index Orn., II, 1790, p. 528.
3QOis. Amér. Sept., II, 1807, p. 22, pl. Lxxrv.
Auk, XVII, 1900, p. 179.
>TIbis, 1889, p. 237.
"No. 1281. BIRDS COLLECTED IN PARAGUA Y—OBERHOLSER. 143
COMPSOTHLYPIS PITIAYUMI PITIAYUMI ( Vieillot).
Sylvia pitiayumi Vieittot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, p. 276.
Compsothlypis pitiayumi CAaBANts, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 21.
One specimen, belonging without doubt to the typical form, rather
than to the larger, darker and more richly colored race from northern
and western South America, Compsothlypis pitiayums pacifica, “Tris
brown.”
Family ICTERIDZ.
ICTERUS PYRRHOPTERUS ( Vieillot).
Agelaius pyrrhopterus VietttoT, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, p. 543.
Icterus pyrrhopterus pD’OrBIGNYy and LAFRESNAYE, Synop. Avium, II, 1838, p. 6.
One adult male, apparently identical with Bolivian specimens.
**Tris brown.”
Family TANAGRIDZE.
TRICHOTHRAUPIS QUADRICOLOR ( Vieillot).
Tachyphonus quadricolor VrertLotT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XXII, 1819, p. 359.
Trichothraupis quadricolor CABANts, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 23.
Two specimens. ‘* Iris brown.” The immature male of this species
differs from the adult in being darker, more brownish olive above,
and more deeply ochraceous below; the yellow coronal patch is
wanting, but is indicated by the pale yellow bases of the feathers of
the vertex, the amount of this color increasing with age.
PHCENICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA (Vieillot).
Staltator [sic] rubicus Virritot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XIV, 1817, p. 107.
Phoenicothraupis rubica CaBpants, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 24.
One specimen, an adult male, apparently typical. ‘* Iris brown.”
NEMOSIA GUIRA (Linnzus).
Motacilla guira Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 335.
Nemosia guira BoNAPaArtTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 236.
Two specimens, male and female. ** Iris brown.”
Birds from Paraguay and southwestern Brazil are uniformly of
large size, while those from eastern South America (Brazil to Vene-
zuela) seem to average smaller; but whether or not this character is
sufficiently constant to warrant the recognition of two geographical
races the present material does not show. There is no observable
difference in color.
EUPHONIA PECTORALIS (Latham).
Pipra pectoralis LarnAM, Index Orn., Suppl., 1801, p. lvii.
Euphonia pectoralis BoNAPARTE, Consp, Avium, I, 1850, p. 233.
One adult male. °** lris brown.”
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
3
EUPHONIA VIOLACEA (Linnzus).
Fringilla violacea Lixn xus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 182.
Euphonia violacea MAxImILtaNn, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., III, 1830, p. 439.
Two specimens, male and female. ** Iris brown.”
While there seems to be no constant color difference between birds
from Guiana and those from southern Brazil and Paraguay, yet the
northern race is so much smaller that its recognition by name is well
deserved. Dr. Sclater considered! the Guiana bird to be the typical
form; but Linnzeus’ description, in so far as it is possible to determine,
was based on the bird from Brazil, being, moreover, so considered by
Cabanis when he separated the race from Cayenne;” and consequently
the latter is the one that should be called Huphonia violacea lichten-
stein’, unless, indeed, Lichtenstein’s prior name be considered tenable,*
in which case it would stand as Euphonia violacea minor.
CHLOROPHONIA CHLOROCAPILLA (Shaw).
Pipra chlorocapilla Suaw, Gen. Zool., XIII, Pt. 2, 1826, p. 255.
Tanagra viridis Vietttot, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX XTi, 1819, p. 426.
Chlorophonia viridis BoNAPARTE, Rey. Zool., 1851, p. 137.
One specimen, an adult male, of which the colors are very rich,
particularly the blue of the upper surface, this approaching indigo on
the back. ‘‘ Iris brown.”
Vieillot’s specific name w777d7s, commonly employed for this species,
is preoccupied by Zunagra viridis Miller,‘ which has been considered
a synonym of Calospiza tatao. The proper name for Chlorophonia
viridis Auct. is therefore as above given.
Family FRINGILLID.
PYRRHOCOMA RUFICEPS (Strickland).
Tachyphonus ruficeps StricKLAND, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1844, p. 419.
Pyrrhocoma ruficeps CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, p. 188.
Two specimens, male and female. ‘Iris [of both] brown.” The
male is of a rather clearer slate color, both above and below, than
examples from Brazil, and has a somewhat paler throat, though other-
wise does not differ.
CORYPHOSPINGUS CUCULLATUS (Muller).
Fringilla cucullata Miuuer, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 166.
Fringilla cristata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 926.
Two specimens, male and female. The latter is darker throughout
than the three others of the same sex available for comparison. ‘The
iris of both sexes is given as brown by the collector.
'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, p. 74.
2 Phonasca lichtensteini Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 331.
* Euphonia violacea var. minor Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl., 1828, p. 29.
4Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 158.
¢
:
~J
LEUCANIA LUTINA, new name.
Leucania velutina Smirn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XII, 1900, p. 480.
Ground color reddish luteous, washed with red brown, especially
beyond the middle of primaries. Thorax with a narrow, sharp crest;
disk carneous. Palpi reddish gray above, deep velvety brown at
the sides. Abdomen washed with carmine red. Primaries with an
irregular, diffuse, purplish shade along the submedian vein. Basal
line vaguely indicated. Transverse anterior line narrow, single, yel-
lowish, a little oblique outwardly to the middle, and then with a small
angle a little oblique inwardly. Transverse posterior line forming an
acute angle just below the costa, then evenly oblique to the hind
margin; narrow, pale, margined on each side by darker red brown.
Subterminal line narrow, yellowish, irregular, preceded by a few
small, obscure dark spots, the terminal space a little paler than the
rest of the wing. Fringes rust red. A vague dusky median shade
line is marked below the cell. Orbicular moderate in size, a little
irregular, annulate with yellow. Reniform of good size, oblique,
oblong, sides outlined in yellow, upper and lower margins obscure.
Secondaries semitransparent at base, blackish outwardly, with car-
mine interlined fringes and a carmine wash on the disk. Under side
li ie Ns Sl cei sb Tae he Ma
et et
No. 1283. BEVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. Ee
of body velvety dark brown. Primaries brown with a carmine wash,
with a blackish discal spot and a blackish outer line. Secondaries
with a carmine powdering along costal margin, apex, and half of
outer margin; with a broken, dusky outer line and a narrow discal
spot.
Expanse.—1.56 inches (39 mm.).
LHabitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida (Mrs. Slosson).
The species has the wing form of wntpuncta and its general build.
The markings are all very narrow, thread-like, perfectly distinct, and
yet not contrasting. In color and general appearance it is entirely
unlike any of our described forms, though like some of the southern
species, from which it seems to be also sufficiently distinct.
The type and only specimen is a female, lacking antenn, but other-
wise in good condition.
I find that Guenée has used the name velwtina in this genus, and am
under the necessity of making a change. I have made as small a one
as possible.
LEUCANIA UNIPUNCTA Haworth.
Noctua unipuncta Haworrn, Lep. Britt., IT, 1810, p. 177.
Leucania unipuncta Furst, in Harris Inj. Ins., 1862, p. 627, figs. 274, 275, 276.—
Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., III, 1864, p. 540.—Ritey, 2d Rept. Ins. Mo.,
1870, p. 37, figs. 11, 14-16; 3d Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1883, pp. 89-156.
Leucania extranea GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 77.—WatkeEr, OC. B.,
Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 983.—Grorr and Rosinson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
US69" ps 77, pr: Sy.
Ground color of head, thorax, and primaries a reddish fawn gray,
varying toward gray, luteous, and clearer red brown. Palpi a little
darker at sides and head often a little darker in front. Collar with a
pale, surmounted by a darker transverse, line. Thorax concolorous.
Primaries more or less irrorate with dark or blackish scales, which
increase in number and tend to darken the outer parts of the wing.
Transverse anterior line not traceable or indicated by venular points.
A dark point indicates the claviform. Transverse posterior line well
removed outwardly, punctiform, variably evident, sometimes scarcely
traceable, sometimes geminate, never very prominent. Both ordinary
spots are marked as lighter shadings, but are not outlined. Orbicular
oval, decumbent. Reniform irregular, marked inferiorly by a white
dot at the end of the median vein, which is dusky shaded. A blackish
oblique shade line extends from the transverse posterior line on vein
5 to the outer margin at the apex. Fringes short, concolorous.
Secondaries smoky brown, tending to become whitish or partly trans-
lucent toward base; veins marked and discal lunule evident in the
paler examples; fringes whitish or yellowish, somewhat contrasting.
Beneath whitish, powdery, primaries with disk smoky and with a smoky
costal spot toward apex. Secondaries with costal and outer margins
powdery, darker, and with a small black discal lunule.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 12
178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Expanse.—1.40 to 1.75 inches (35 to 44 mm).
Habitat.—Canada to Florida, to Texas, to the Rocky Mountains;
New Mexico; Fort Collins, Colorado; Cartwright, Manitoba.
This is the most common of the species and the most widely dis-
tributed. It extends into Mexico and South America, and in our own
country is of economic importance. The larva is the Army worm,
and the literature is extensive. In the third Report of the Entomo-
logical Commission, above cited, the bibliography is fully given to its
date. Since then it has been written about in almost every State in
which it occurs.
The structural characters of the species are elsewhere referred to,
and it remains only to be said that the actual range of variation is not
great—chiefly a matter of lighter or darker.
The species occurs throughout the year, but becomes most abundant
in September, when it often drives off every other species from sugar.
LEUCANIA PSEUDARGYRIA Guenee.
Leucania pseudargyria GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 74.—CAuLFIELD,
Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 132, larva.—Spreryer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XVI, 1875,
p-. 118.—Frenca, Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 24, larva.
Mythimna pseudargyria Waker, OC. B., Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 77.
Leucania pseudargyria, var. callida Grote, New List, 1882, p. 30, note.
Ground color grayish luteous, tending to reddish. Head sometimes
rusty brown in front and occasionally the inferior half of the collar is
also rusty; but usually it is concolorous. ‘The little tuft behind the
collar is sometimes rusty, but more usually concolorous. Primaries
very finely speckled with smoky, blackish, or reddish. Transverse
anterior line often reduced to black points on the veins or black lunules
in the interspaces; when best defined the venular dots are obvious
and the outcurves in the interspaces are wide. ‘Transverse posterior
line is usually a very even series of venular dots, almost rigidly parallel
with the outer margin; sometimes the line is geminate and an inner
line of dots parallels that already mentioned; but this inner line is
rarely complete and tends to become irregular. There is a series of
small terminal dots in the interspaces. The ordinary spots are both
obvious, paler than the rest of the wing, not outlined. Orbicular
round or nearly so, varying in size. Reniform moderate or rather
small, vague kidney shaped with a small black dot at the end of the
cell. The terminal area is slightly darker in most examples. Second-
aries from pale smoky to black, the fringes lighter, else nearly uni-
form. Beneath obscure smoky, yellowish, the primaries darker on
the disk, with a blackish costal spot from which a punctiform line
sometimes crosses the wing. Secondaries paler, sometimes immacu-
late, sometimes with a discal dot, and sometimes with a series of venu-
lar dots forming an exterior line.
NO, 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. if
~|
“or
—
Expanse.—1.30 to 1.85 inches (33-46 mmn..).
Habitat.—Canada, July and August; New Hampshire, July; New
Jersey, April, May, June, July; New York, May to August; Cleve-
land, Ohio, in June; Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in April.
As awhole this common species occurs east of the Rocky Mountains
and does not seem to extend into the Southern States. The sexual
structures have been sufficiently noted elsewhere. The males are uni-
formly larger than the females and sometimes the disproportion is
very striking.
Besides this variation in size there is a difference in color, the tend-
ency being to a reddish tint. The distinctly red form Mr. Grote
named callida, and comparing it with Guenée’s obusta in the British
Museum, I concluded that the two were identical. The species was
described as from America, and Walker credits it to the United States,
from Doubleday. Mr. Grote, in 1882, referred it somewhat doubt-
fully as a synonym of pseudargyria, and I saw no reason to differ with
him. Now Sir George Hampson declares that Guenée’s species is
from Tasmania; hence should not be associated with the American
form. I therefore restore Mr. Grote’s term cal/ida to indicate the red
form of pseudargyria.
LEUCANIA PILIPALPIS Grote.
Heliophila pilipalpis Grote, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1875, p. 415.
‘*A male specimen having the facies and ornamentation of pseudargyria Guen., but
without the exaggerated tufting of abdomen and tibize. Stout, with hairy eyes and
smooth front, and with a curious fan-shaped tuft of spreading hair arising from the
upper surface of the second joint of the unusually prominent palpi. Head, thorax,
and anterior wings concolorous, fawn gray, like pale specimens of its ally. Fore-
wings sparsely speckled with black. Median lines fragmentary, composed of black
marks; transverse anterior line outwardly oblique, subobsolete. Cell shaded with
black. Orbicular spot wanting. Reniform, narrow, pale, S-shaped, intersecting
inferiorly the black discal shade. Transverse posterior line formed of double dots,
connected as in pseudargyria, but the line is more oblique and inwardly removed.
Fringes pinkish, as is the internal margin, the latter showing an accumulation of the
black irrorations. Hind wings whitish, with a smoky clouding outwardly above
vein 2. Beneath whitish, without markings, with the fringes on fore wings pink,
and the black transverse line visible on costa.”’
Lixpanse.—1.72 inches (43 mm.).
Labitat.—Appalachicola, Florida (Thaxter).
Since seeing the original type of this species I have seen only one
other example of this species, a female, which, through the courtesy
of Mr. Schaus, is now before me. It is in poor condition, but
undoubtedly this species. Compared with the description of the male,
the transverse anterior line is less obvious and the reniform is not
S-shaped. Otherwise the agreement is close.
The palpi in the female are unusually long and slender for a member
of this genus, are closely clothed, and without special modification.
180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
LEUCANIA SUBPUNCTATA Harvey.
Heliophila subpunctata Harvey, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., III, 1875, p. 8.
Leucania subpunctata Suirn, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat Mus., 1893, p. 189.
Leucania complicata StRECKER, Lep. Rhop. and Het., Suppl., I, 1898, p. 9.
Color a dull, grayish red-brown over a yellowish base. Head with
two darker transverse lines on front. Collar with three lighter and
three smoky lines alternating. The patagiz are much powdered
with blackish. Primaries with a dark smoky or blackish shade over
the median vein, relieving a white dot at its end and extending beyond
it nearly to the transverse posterior line. In the costal region the
veins are whitish, the interspaces streaked with blackish. Along the
inner margin is a paler, more yellowish area in which the streakings
are lighter. The terminal area is dark, limited above by a somewhat
yellowish oblique subapical shade. Transverse posterior line puncti-
form, complete. Secondaries white, somewhat translucent, veins and
outer border smoky. Beneath, primaries smoky with a reddish tinge;
a black spot on costa toward apex from which a smoky line may
extend across the wing. Secondaries whitish, with the costal and
outer margins more or less obviously reddish gray, powdery.
Expanse.—1.35 to 1.52 inches (34 to 38 mm.).
Habitat.—Agricultural College, Mississippi, in October; Harris
County and elsewhere in Texas in March; New Mexico, near its south-
ern border.
This seems to be locally common in Texas; but it was many years
before I had an example in my collection. At present 1 have eleven
specimens, representing both sexes, and except for size and for a little
lighter or a little darker general effect there is no variation.
The structural features and other distinctive characters are else-
where referred to.
Complicata Strecker was described from a rather small New Mexi-
can specimen before the species had turned up in large numbers in
Texas.
LEUCANIA LUTEOPALLENS, new species.
Leucania pallens Spryer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XVI, 1875, p. 112, and of Ameri-
can authors generally.
Ground color a creamy yellow, the primaries with the veins paler,
the interspaces with somewhat more luteous streakings. Head, collar,
and thorax immaculate. The median vein and its lower branches at
the end of the cell tend to paler, and a slightly darker shade is usually
noticeable below the median. A black discal dot at the end of the cell.
Transverse posterior line reduced to two black dots. Secondaries
white, the veins on disk and a small area of the disk itself tinged with
blackish. Beneath yellowish white; primaries with a blackish streak-
ing at the end of the cell and an outer dusky venular band; secondaries
poe bn att mS
-_ =
Poi ie Ln
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 13
with a tendency to a dotted outer line, which is rarely complete and
may be entirely wanting.
Expanse.—1.20 to 1.36 inches (30 to 84 mm.).
Habitat. —Canada to Florida; Elizabeth, New Jersey, May and June;
Anglesea, New Jersey, in April; Archer, Florida, in March.
Twenty or more examples are before me from almost every North
and Middle Atlantic State, but only on a few are there dates of
capture.
The sexual and other distinctive characters have been already
pointed out, and the range of variation is not great. There is a little
difference in depth of ground color, in the relative distinctness of the
strigation, and in the amount of black on the disk of the secondaries:
otherwise the specimens run very even.
It is probable that the species extends to the Mississippi Valley, and
perhaps to the elevated plains beyond.
Type.—No. 6244, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA MINORATA Smith.
Leucania minorata SmitH, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 11.
Ground color grayish luteous, head and collar sometimes obscurely
darker, immaculate. Primaries quite obviously strigate, the veins
paler, the interspaces with one or two or three decidedly darker strigee
in the interspaces. There is always an obvious though not contrasting
shade beneath the median vein, usually a smoky, curved shade on the
inner margin near base, and quite frequently a decidedly blackish line
between veins 5 and 6. A black dot at the end of the discal vein.
Two black dots represent the remnants of the transverse posterior line.
There is a series of minute black terminal dots, which may be obsolete.
Secondaries with disk smoky, the margins whitish. Beneath, prima-
ries with a larger or smaller part of the disk smoky, a more obviously
blackish shading at the end of the cell. Sometimes with an indicated
punctiform outer line. Secondaries white with a small black discal dot.
Expanse.—1.20 to 1.35 inches (30 to 34 mm. ).
Habitat.—San Francisco, California; Corvallis, Oregon, May 20,
June 12, August 24, September 17; Cortield and Livingston, Vancou-
ver, throughout July to August 12; Calgary, Alberta, June 24 to
July 30.
Eighteen examples are under examination. The term minorata
is a misnomer, if this species is to be compared with /utcopallens, but
I considered it nearer to ovygale in the original description. As a
matter of fact, it stands between oxygale and the European pa//ens,
being really the American representative of the latter species.
The range of variation, except in size, is small. It is a matter of
little more contrast on the primaries between the lighter and darker
streakings; a little more or a little less blackish on the secondaries.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
On the under side the range of variation is greate1, no two examples
being quite alike in the amount of black on primaries. In this point
also the species agrees well with pad/ens rather than luteopallens.
LEUCANIA OXYGALE Grote.
Heliophila oxygale Grotr, Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 14.
Leucania oxygale Smrrx, Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 185.
Ground color a very pale creamy, overlaid with gray, giving the
impression of a pale luteous gray or dirty pale clay yellow. Head
and thorax immaculate. Primaries with the veins paler and the usual
dark strigations in the interspaces, but so little contrasting that the
wings seem almost immaculate. The median vein is only a little paler
and the dot at the end of the cell is very small or altogether wanting.
So the transverse posterior line consists at most of two black venular
points, and may be altogether wanting. Secondaries either uniformly
smoky, or the margins may be paler and the veins darker; always with
a large area of the disk blackish. Beneath, white, more or less black
powdered or with smoky suffusion. The primaries may be blackish,
except at the margins, and they may be black shaded only over the
discal area at the end of the cell. Secondaries usually with only a light
powdering of blackish scales, a small black discal dot, and a narrow,
yellowish-tinted marginal area; rarely a large part of the discal area
is blackish.
Expanse.—1.25 to 1.40 inches (31 to 35 mm.).
Habitat.—Alameda County, California, in June (Koebele); Los An-
geles, California, May 15 (Smith); Palo Alto, California, April 30,
Middle California (Barnes); Sierra Nevada, California (Hy. Edwards);
Beulah, New Mexico, July 14, 18 (Cockerell); Salt Lake Utah (Hy.
Edwards); Denver and Glenwood Springs, July 1 to 7, Colorado
(Barnes).
Fourteen examples are under examination. It is the least con-
trasting of the species in this group, and the least variable in conse-
quence. The black dots on the primary are never very strongly
marked, but any one or all of them may be absent. Some specimens
have quite a clear creamy-yellow tint, but the majority has a dirty
gray addition that duils the color.
While the range in size brings this species only a little above
minorata, yet, as a matter of fact, most of the specimens exceed 1.30
inches and nearly or quite reach 1.35 inches, while in mnorata the
smaller number reach 1.30 inches, and very few indeed exceed it.
LEUCANIA RUBRIPALLENS, new species.
Ground color dull reddish luteous. Head and thorax immaculate.
Primaries with the streakings well marked, though not much contrast-
ing; median vein usually relieved by a darker shade beneath it. Dis-
cal black dot very small or entirely absent. The two dots indicating
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 183
the transverse posterior line are usually traceable, never prominent,
and often entirely absent. Secondaries yellowish in tinge, ranging to
a transparent smoky, the disk being always a little darker. Beneath
much paler than above; primaries with the disk variably blackish,
ranging from a little shading over the cell to nearly the entire surface.
Secondaries more or less powdery along the costa, and a little on the
outer margin, with a small discal dot on a majority of the specimens
before me. ;
Lxpanse.—1.25 to 1.40 inches (31 to 35 mm.).
FHlabitat.—Sierra Nevada, California (Hy. Edwards); Salt Lake,
Utah (Hy. Edwards); Utah in July (Poling); Denver, Colorado, June
10 (Oslar); Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 24, July 10, 16, and
August 24 (Barnes).
Eleven examples are before me, and they vary little except in the
depth of the red tinge and in the amount of black on the secondaries.
On the underside there is the usual range of variation as to area
covered by black shadings and powderings, but nothing else.
The average size of the specimens is 1.30 inches, three examples—
females—exceeding that materially, while only two fall much below it.
Type.—No. 6246, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA PERTRACTA Morrison.
Heliophila pertracta Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., X VIII, 1875, p. 120.
Leucania pertracta Smira, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 186.
‘*Kiyes hairy. Head and thorax concolorous with the anterior wings.
The latter are uniform yellowish salmon color, interrupted only by
the median vein, which is white, as well as its second and third
branches; the apical costal branches are also whitish. Posterior wings
and under surface white, immaculate.”
Expanse.—34 mm. Length of body, 16 mm.
Habitat.—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
I have already recorded my convictions as to this species; but give
the above copy of the original description, since, after all, the insect
may be American, though not, I am convinced, a native of Pennsyl-
vania.
It is obviously a member of this group and quite out of the range
of variation for /uteopallens. The primaries are like rubripallens, but
the white secondaries and underside bar it. If the same form does
ever again turn up, there will be no difficulty in recognizing it.
LEUCANIA RUBRIPENNIS Grote and Robinson.
Leucania rubripennis Grove and Rosryson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., III, 1870, p.
NON spleen tie hi
Ground color a creamy, varying to pale lemon yellow, shaded with
pinkish carmine, varying in depth. The carmine shading on primaries
begins on the costal region before the middle, is very slight to apical
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
third, broadens there, but narrows again so as to leave the apex clear.
Below the median vein, which is paler and may be white, the carmine
fills half the submedian interspace to vein 2, and all the space between
veins 2 and 3. Veins 3 and 4 are pale, and the space between them is
usually more or less completely pale; but it may be entirely reddish.
Above vein 4a carmine shade begins at the end. of the cell as a point
and broadens out so as to reach the outer margin below the apex. No
black points or dots on any of the specimens before me. Secondaries
white, sometimes with the margins a little soiled. Beneath white,
primaries with a pinkish or yellowish shade. Head witha rusty yellow
shading in front and sometimes with a rusty line above the antenne.
Collar of the palest ground color inferiorly, rusty above and on the
disk behind the collar. The front of the breast is also rusty or reddish.
Expanse.—1.34 to 1.50 inches (34 to 38 mm.).
fTabitat.—Texas in August; Kansas City, Missouri, in August (Hall).
Six examples are under examination, and I have seen others. The
species must be locally and seasonally common, for Belfrage seemed
to have taken it in numbers; but since his time very few examples
have found their way into collections. In 1898 Mr. F. J. Hall, by
taking the species near Kansas City, Missouri, extended its known
distribution materially; but I have no data as to how frequently it is
captured there.
There is little observed variation, and the insect is altogether so
well marked that no difficulty will be found in identifying it.
LEUCANIA ALBILINEA Hiibner.
Leucania albilinea Htener, Zutraege, Ex. Schmett, 1816, p. 25, No. 169, figs. 337,
338; Verzeichniss, 1816, p. 241.—GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 89.—
WaLkeEr, C. B., Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 99.—RiLzy, 9th Rept. Ins. Mo.,
1877, p. 50, figs. 14, 15, all stages.—Grorts, Can. Ent., XII, 1880, p. 116.
Leucania harveyi Grove, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 1878, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 14.—
Harvey, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., ILI, 1876, p. 8.—Grorsr, Can. Ent., XII,
1880, p. 116, an sp. dist.—Smirn, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 186, pr.
syn.
Ground color a dirty luteous, more or less smoky, varying in depth.
The head tends to become rusty yellow in front. Collar whitish infe-
riorily, the paler shade crossed by a narrow brown line. A black or
brown line surmounts the whitish area and shades into the ground
color at tip. Patagize with a more or less obvious white line and the
disk behind the collar a little white. Primaries with the brightest
pale color extending from base through the cell to the apex. A simi-
lar, more irregular area of bright shade extends along the inner
margin. Costal area from base nearly to apex gray, or brown streaked,
not contrasting, but in contrast to the even lighter shade below it.
Median vein white or at least pale, the light shade continued on veins
3and 4 to the margin; not unusually the interspace between these
veins is paler than the area above or below. A brown shading below
= ele
No, 1283, REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 185
the median vein extends at least to its end and usually to the outer
margin; often the vein is inferiorly edged with black. A black nar-
row line extends from base into the submedian interspace and forms
a loop near the middle of the wing, suggesting a claviform. Above
vein 4 there is a triangular dusky area which, on the outer margin,
reaches almost to the apex. The terminal space may be leaden gray
or concolorous, or there may be a series of black marks indicating the
subterminal line. There may be a small or a large black discal dot or
none atall. It may break up into two of equal or unequal size or
even into three, and these indicate the reniform. Fringes usually
darker, with a pale line at base. Secondaries smoky brown or black-
ish, even or only a little paler at the base; fringes white. Beneath,
powdery gray over dirty white, the secondaries paler; the dark shad-
ing variable, forming no obvious markings.
Expanse. —1.12 to 1.82 inches (28 to 33 mm.).
Habitat.—Anglesea, New Jersey, June 10, September 3; Cleveland,
Ohio, May 5, 9 (Kearfott); Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 5
(Barnes); southern Arizona (Barnes).
The above are specific localities referring to the fourteen examples
now before me. It is probable that the species occurs throughout the
Eastern United States and extends into Canada. It is not impossible
that the south Arizona example may represent a good species. The
single specimen is only enough to create a dowbt. The majority of
specimens expand about 1.20 inches.
I have carefully compared Hiibner’s figure and have matched it per-
fectly in the series before me. I have little doubt that it is this species
really, though the type was said to come from Buenos Ayres. Hiib-
ner’s description does not help much; he says it is a noctua genuina
and Heliophila pallida. To Leucania l-album it is rather similar, but
has an entirely unique middle marking besides other variations.
On the other hand there isno doubt but that Mr. Grote intended the
form here treated when he described his harvey?. The description
fits it perfectly and fits no other.
The range of variation has been partially indicated in the descrip-
tion; it is not really great and yet there is enough to make quite a
little difference in appearance. In the one extreme there are no black
streaking and no discal dots; in the other there is black everywhere,
below the cell, even in the cell; the discal spot breaks up and in every
interspace along the subterminal line is a black mark or streak.
The species has a large economic bibliography which is not here
referred to. The larva is known as the wheat-head army worm.
LEUCANIA OBSCURIOR, new species.
Resembles a/bilinea in general type of maculation, but is somewhat
darker on the whole, with less contrast, the ornamentation much more
even. The median vein is white, the shading below it does not usually
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
differ very greatly from that along the inner margin; but on the other
hand there is a shading above the vein, continuous with the trigonate
shading above vein 4. In only one example is a discal dot observa-
ble. Secondaries white at base with a smoky tinge outwardly.
Beneath whitish, with a distinct yellow tinge over the costal region.
Expanse.—1.20 inches (30 mm.).
Habitat.—Cartwright, Manitoba (Heath).
Two males and two females only, all very much alike and all more
or less imperfect. The material is scant to authorize a new species
in this group; but the combination of dark primaries, like those in
albilinea with pale secondaries, leads to the belief that with more
material additional points of difference will be brought out. Mean-
while it is at least a well-marked local form.
Type.—No. 6246, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA DIFFUSA Walker.
Leucania diffusa WALKER, C. B., Mus., Het. IX, 1856, p. 94.—Druce, Biol. Cent.
AIM eeEetaa el SSO a psn 2O2. up laexox nto LO:
Leucania albilinea Grote, Ill. Essay, 1882, p. 42.—Smira, Bull. 44,U.8. Nat. Mus.,
1893, p. 186.
Leucania moderata WALKER, C. B., Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 114.—Smriru, Bull. 44,
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 186, pr. syn.
Ground color a very pale luteous, tending to whitish. Head with a
more or less obvious rusty tinge. Pale portion of collar with a brown
or blackish transverse line, the tip rusty over a black line. Patagiz
with a white line on disk and on the thorax a white line behind the
collar. Primaries as a whole have the region along the inner margin
broadly pale; in the male the costal region is usually as light; in the
female it is gray with a pinkish tinge. A loop-like claviform is more
or less completely indicated in every specimen, and is attached to a
narrow black basal streak. The white median vein is usually black
margined beneath, and below this is a gray or brown shading. A
black discal spot is present in all the specimens, and often there are
two. The terminal space is usually gray or brown, and the usual tri-
angular shading above vein 4 is well marked, though not so broad as
in albilinea. The fringes are of the pale ground and usually have a
still paler line at base. Secondaries white, becoming smoky at the
outer margin, varying in this particular. Beneath white, more or less
powdery; primaries with the costa broadly yellowish or creamy, the
disk tending to blackish.
Expanse.—1.15 to 1.38 inches (29 to 35 mm.).
Habitat.—Nova Scotia (Walker); New Hampshire; Newton, Massa-
chusetts; Torrington, Connecticut; Newark, May 5, August 17, and
Montclair, New Jersey, August 4 (Kearfott); Anglesea, New Jersey,
August 21 (J. B. S.); lowa City, lowa, July 29 (Wickham); Mesilla
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 187
Park, New Mexico, April 4 (Cockerell); Shovel Mountain, Texas
(Barnes); City of Mexico (Druce).
Specimens from all save the first and last of the above-cited localities
are at hand, with a few others that have State labelsonly. The range
extends, therefore, from the boreal area to the Tropics, though prob-
ably not to the real tropical fauna.
In the comments on a/bilinea I referred to the fact that a large
economic literature exists for that species. It is not improbable that
in great part the species now under consideration is really intended,
hence citations must be cautiously made. It is also highly desirable
that systematic breeding be done to discover the range of variation
and what, if any, differences are discoverable in the larva.
L. moderata Walker, was described from ‘* locality unknown;” but
the type in the British Museum seemed to me American and like d¢/ffusa,;
so the reference was made.
The range of variation is very like that in a/bclinea, but not so great
in contrast. In every respect the insect looks and is paler. When
once the attempt is made to separate out, there is no difficulty in
arranging the series.
LEUCANIA LIMITATA, new species.
Very pale creamy yellow. Head a little rusty in front. Collar
gray rather than white inferiorly, limited by a white, surmounted by
a black line. Primaries without costal darker shading. Median vein
white, margined above by a smoky brown line which beyond the cell
enlarges into the usual trigonate shading. Below the median vein is
a narrow yellow brown shade, the vein itself black edged near the end,
A small black basal streak with a very narrow loop-like claviform.
Terminal space a little darker. Secondaries white, smmaculate.
Beneath white or a very little yellowish, the costal region a little
darker.
Lixpanse.—1.32 inches (33 mm.).
Habitat.—TYexas, in June (Hulst coll.).
Onlya single male in fair condition. Itis unfortunate that no greater
material of this species should be available to bring out more clearly
what differences exist.
LEUCANIA TETERA, new species.
Ground color a pale creamy yellow. Head dull luteous. The white
portion of collar crossed by a narrow luteous line; no defining line
between the pale lower and darker upper portion. Thorax dull
luteous. On the primaries the costal region becomes shaded with pink
toward the apex. A small black discal dot. The usual dusky shade
above vein 4, but interrupted by two white, black-edged dotlets in the
interspaces, marking the subterminal line. Median vein concolorous
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
until near its tip, then whitish and opening into the 3-4 interspace.
Below the median vein is a dusky shading, blackish at base and end of
median vein, gray and reddish luteous beyond and below. The clavi-
form barely traceable. Terminal space leaden gray except at apex.
Subterminal line marked by black scales or by paler, black-margined
points. A small black discal dot. Fringes white, with a yellow line
_ at base and two narrow blackish interlines. Secondaries white, pearly,
semitransparent. Beneath, primaries pale creamy, tending to pinkish
along the costa; secondaries pearly white, tending to creamy along the
costa.
Expanse.—1.16 to 1.28 inches (29 to 32 mm.).
Habitat. —Wilgus, Cochise County, and southern Arizona (Barnes).
Three male examples, two of them in fair condition. They are very
much alike and there is no doubt as to the distinctness of the species.
The genitalic differences have been already referred to, as have the
superficial color characters. The anterior femur has larger tufts than
usual in this group and the fore tibia is also well tufted. On the
middle and hind legs the tuftings, while well developed, are not
especially prominent.
Type.—No. 6247, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA NEPTIS, new species.
Ground color a dull, lifeless, very pale yellow; the dark shading on
the primaries are an equally lifeless yellow or smoky brown. Head
tending to rusty brown. Thorax dull luteous; a white line separating
the pale from the dark portion of the collar. Primaries with all
save internal and median veins dusky; breaking up what in other
species is the clear sweep of the paler shade to the apex. The usual
trigonate shade above vein 4. The dusky shade below the median
shade merges gradually into the paler ground. A small black basal
dash; but in few instances can the claviform be traced. Terminal
space dusky. Discal dot absent or reduced to a mere point. Fringes
whitish with two dusky interlines. Secondaries white with a faint
yellowish tint. Beneath very pale yellowish; primaries deeper tinted
and more yellowish along the costal region.
Expanse.—1.20 to 1.40 inches (30 to 35 mm).
Habitat.—Colorado (Neumoegen); Fort Collins, Colorado, August
13 (Kearfott).
Nine examples are before me, eight of them from badly papered
specimens. One perfect example from the Neumoegen collection.
There is an undescribable lifeless shade to all these examples, giving
no contrast, no defined impression—all one dull sameness.
The leg tuftings in the male are better developed than in other
species of the group save ¢etera. In neptis the anterior leg is not
materially more prominent than the others.
NO. 1288. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 189
I have little doubt as to the specific standing of this form.
Type.—No. 6248, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA LIGATA Grote.
Heliophila ligata Grove, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., V, 1875, p. 115.
Leucania ligata StRECKER, Rept. Chief Eng., 1878-79, V, 1879, p. 1862.
This slender species has pure white secondaries and fringes in the
female, while in the opposite sex these are slightly soiled. Forewings
whitish ocher gray, faintly purple tinged, with the veins obsoletely
white marked and accompanied by longitudinal blackish shades.
Median nervure covered by a whitish streak, culminating in a white
spot relieving a single inferior black dot and accompanied by a black
shading which continues diffusedly to external margin, and leaves a
clear ochery space above it on the cell, reaching beyond the dotted
transverse line. Transverse posterior line indicated by a series of
black venular points. Very minute marginal black points; fringes a
little paler than the wing. Thorax and head like primaries. Beneath,
without discal dots or common lines; a terminal dotted line on both
Wings; primaries and costal region of secondaries somewhat rosy gray,
else the secondaries are whitish, subpellucid. Under surface of body
and legs of a slightly rosy gray. Collar faintly lined.
Fixpanse.—1.10 to 1.22 inches (27.5 to 30.5 mm.).
fHabitat.—Texas, March to November; Florida in March; Colorado,
July 31.
Twelve examples are before me, mostly from Texas; Shovel Moun-
tain and Harris County being the only specific localities. The above
is practically Mr. Grote’s description, not in quotation marks, because
not literally transcribed.
In general, there is a decided reddish gray tinge, a coarse black
powdering, an obvious dotted transverse posterior line, and a longi-
tudinal dark streak which extends over the white marked median vein
from base, beyond it to the transverse posterior line or even the outer
margin. The secondaries are rarely immaculate, but may be so in
either sex; nor, on the other hand, is the smoky outer margin very
extensive in any case seen by me. The species does not seem to be
rare in Texas and tends to lose the reddish or purplish tinge.
LEUCANIA FLABILIS Grote.
Hleliophila flabilis Grorr, Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 15.
Leucania flabilis Smira, Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 189.
Very pale ochery or straw color, shaded with fuscous. The pale
longitudinal shades extend along the cell over the interspaces between
veins 5 and 6, nearly to the margin. A short pale shade on the inter-
space above and extending nearer the margin. From the base a wide
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
submedial shade extends outwardly to the margin. A black dot marks
the reniform at median vein; an extra-mesial row of dots on the ner-
vules, not prominent. The veins are indistinctly paler. The darkest
portion of the wing is along the median vein, and a fine black streak
runs along the interspace between veins + and 5. Hind wings whitish,
vaguely soiled with fuscous exteriorly. Thorax concolorous with
primaries; no lines on the collar. Beneath without marks. This
species recalls in maculation lapidaria, but is more diffusely shaded,
the spots of the outer line more numergus, the hind wings darker, the
body more slender.
Expanse.—1.32 inches (33 mm.).
Habitat.—Long Island, near the seashore, in May.
The species was taken by Mr. Fred. Tepper who had a cotype, and
this is the only example of flabi/is known to me in any American col-
lection. It is probable that the insect is very local and that may
account for its absence in cabinets. I have already stated that I can
see no difference between Ugata and flabilis except that the latter lacks
the purplish shading. But the Tepper specimen has a purplish tinge,
and I have a Texas example that has as little. An expanse of 33 mm.
is too great for the cotype and too great for any /igata known to me.
The description is essentially that originally given by Mr. Grote.
LEUCANIA RIMOSA Grote.
Heliophila rimosa Grove, Can. Ent., XIV, 1882, p. 216.
Leucania rimosa SmrrH, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1898, p. 189.
Fore wings hoary gray, something like ligata in color; irrorate with
dark speckles and with a faint warm shade, reminding one a little of
unipuncta in these respects. Allied to commoides; no lines or spots
visible except that there is continuous series of excessively minute sub-
terminal dots, and the median vein is faintly marked with white and
edged with black; the white color accentuated at base of third and
fourth median nervules. Hind wings pale gray, whitish, veins soiled.
Beneath a blackish shade marks the inception of the subterminal line
on costa, and the median vein is shaded at base of nervules. Hind
wings with costa darker; no lines or spots. Face and pectus a little
smoky; fore tibiz pale outwardly. Thorax gray; abdomen paler.
Expanse.—1.36 inches (84 mm.).
Habitat.—Kittery Point, Maine.
No one has taken this species save Dr. Thaxter, so far as Tam aware,
and the original type is with him. A second specimen which he kindly
sent me is smaller—only 31 mm.—and the longitudinal shading through
the center of the wing is quite obvious though not conspicuous. I
can not find anything to suggest commocdes.
NO. 1283. REVISION .OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 191
LEUCANIA DIA Grote.
Heliophila dia Grorr, Can. Ent., X1, 1879, p. 29; Ill. Essay, 1882, p. 56, pl. mu,
fig. 19.
Leucania dia Smirn, Bull. 44, U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 187.
Ground color a pale reddish gray. Head and fore breast smoky
tinged. Collar with a somewhat darker line across the middle.
Thorax concolorous. Primaries without strong contrasts. Veins
white-marked or at least paler, the costal region gray or whitish.
Interspaceal rays not prominent or contrasting. Transverse posterior
line punctiform. A series of very small terminal, interspaceal dots
which may be wanting. A narrow pale line at the base of the fringes.
Secondaries dirty whitish, almost uniform, veins a little darker.
Beneath, primaries pale reddish gray, costal region whitish to a dusky
blotch about one-fourth from apex. Secondaries whitish, powdery, a
little darker and more powdery over the costal area.
Eixpanse.—1.16 to 1.24 inches (29 to 31 mm.).
Habitat. —California; Oregon.
Three males and one female are before me. One of these agrees
perfectly with Mr. Grote’s description. The second is more reddish
and a little larger and agrees better with the picture in the ‘‘Tllus-
trated Essay.” The others, from ‘‘ Middle California,” are somewhat
darker and have the interspaceal streaking much better marked. The
character emphasized by Mr. Grote in his description, i. e., the
absence of a dusky shading along the median vein, loses force here,
because, while it is by no means prominent, there is undoubtedly a
smoky line on each side of the vein. The triangular dusky shading
in the terminal area of the wing is also well indicated here.
The heavily clothed quadrate thorax, as against the short, obtuse
wings, gives the insect a peculiarly stumpy appearance.
LEUCANIA MEGADIA, new species.
Ground color a dirty reddish gray, tending to smoky. Head varies
to rusty or smoky, as does the forebreast. Collar with a blackish
central line. Thorax concolorous. Primaries with veins white, inter-
spaceal streaks obvious and tending to become black beyond the trans-
verse posterior line. The latter is punctiform and well marked.
Median vein margined by smoky shadings above and below, forming
a more conspicuous white dot at its end and usually emphasized there
by black scales. A distinct black or blackish basal streak in the sub-
median interspace. The costal region is usually paler gray. In the
terminal area of the wings the dusky shadings are so disposed as to
form a more or less obvious dark area over the internal angle and a
trigonate shading below the apex. Secondaries smoky yellowish,
nearly uniform. Beneath, primaries smoky reddish gray, disk darker
192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
and at outer fourth a variably marked dusky costal spot; secondaries
paler, the costal region black powdered. f
Expanse.—1.12 to 1.36 inches (28 to 34 mm.).
Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, June 15 to July 20; Oregon (Koebele);
Pullman, Washington, May 25 (Piper); Nevada County, California
(Koebele); Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, July 10; Denver, Colorado,
June 30; Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, July 4 (?).
This species has the body less robust and the wings broader than in
dia, hence it looks decidedly larger, an appearance which was not
borne out on actual measurement in all cases. The average runs
only 1 or 2 millimeters larger.
Sixteen examples, varying in distinctness; the Calgary specimens
are probably all from Mr. Dod, the Yellowstone example is from Dr.
Barnes. One example from Calgary is almost as even in color as da,
but has the black basal streak obvious. This latter feature will serve
to distinguish the two small species in the group without difficulty.
There is a decided tendency to a red shading and one specimen is as
red as any 7nsueta I have ever seen, the costa in this case being
almost white. The single example from the Chiricahua Mountains
isa female and in such condition that the reference is not positively
made.
Type.—No. 6249, U.S.N.M.
LEUCANIA HETERODOXA Smith.
Leucania heterodoxa Smiru, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 7.
Ground color a dirty luteous gray with a varying reddish tinge.
The head may be either a little lighter or a little darker than the
ground color. The tuftings of the front legs in the male are conspic-
uously darker. Collar with a dusky or black median line either
relieved by paler lines above and below, or with a second, less con-
spicuous line just below tip. Disk of thorax and patagize powdery,
the latter tending to a marginal line. Primaries obviously and often
conspicuously streaked in the interspaces; the veins white or whitish.
Median vein white, forming a white spot at its end, margined by a
darker shading. The costal region is paler, sometimes a little con-
trasting, until just before the apex. The transverse posterior line is
a series of black venular dots, evenly curved and nearly parallel with
the outer margin. The dark shading in the wing are above the anal
angle and from the transverse posterior line on vein 2 or 3, obliquely
to the apex. In some examples there is a costal shade before the apex
and in some cases the apex is dusky. There is aseries of small termi-
nal black dots. The fringes are dusky and have a pale line at base.
Secondaries smoky or fuscous, fringes paler. Beneath powdery, vary-
ing in tint. Primaries are from reddish gray to smoky and have a
blackish costal spot toward apex. Secondaries are whitish, becoming
more powdery and more reddish in the costal region.
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 193
Hapanse.—1.28 to 1. 40 inches (2 to 35 mm. )
Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, May 25, June 10 (Piper); Corval-
lis, Oregon, May 1 to June 6 6 (Cordley); Corfield, Vancouver; Nevada
County, California (red number 342 Koebele); Denver, Colorado,
June 30; Boulder, Colorado, August 10; St. Anthony Park, Minne-
sota, June 25 (Lugger); Sierra Nevada, California; Laggan, British
Columbia, 5,000 feet, July 2.
A long series of examples is before me from all save the last two
mentioned of the above localities. It establishes the species and illus-
trates its range of variation, which is narrow. There is a very slight
tendency to a reddish tinge, but nothing to cause confusion with
énsueta, from which this species is also well separated by the absence
of a black basal streak. In some examples the indications of such a
streak may be made out by close scrutiny, but I have never found a
case wnere there was enough to give any reason for hesitation.
Aside from this it is a mere matter of lighter or darker, or more or
less contrast, and this seems to depend somewhat on the age of the
specimen.
The sexual and other structural characters have been elsewhere
defined.
LEUCANIA INSUETA Guenée.
Leucania insueta GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 81.—Watker, C. B.,
Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 95. , 1898, p. 188.
Leucania commoides Grote, Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 28.
FHeliophila adonea Grotr, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., Il, 1874, p. 159.—Smirn,
Bull. 44, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 188, pr. syn.
Leucania mimica StREcCKER, Lep. Rhop. et. Het., Supp. II, 1899, p. 6.
Ground color a pale reddish luteous. Head a little lighter or a little
darker, but always uniform. Collar with a smoky or blackish central
line. Thorax more reddish gray, speckled lightly with black. Pri-
maries streaked and shaded with brick red or even darker red brown.
Costal region always paler and sometimes white. Veins white, or at
least paler. Median vein white, enlarging into a little spot at its end,
shaded on each side so as to darken the center of the wing. A short
black basal streak in the submedian interspace. A shorter dark
brown or blackish streak on the hind margin near base. Transverse
posterior line black, punctiform, evenly ee An oblique brown
shade over the anal angle and a second from vein 2 at the transverse
posterior line to outer margin below apex. The white veins are often a
little expanded at the base of the fringes. Sometimes a series of small
terminal black dots, rarely an almost continuous brown line; often
neither. Secondaries whitish or yellowish at base, darkening out-
wardly to smoky or blackish; fringes with a yellow line at base.
Beneath, primaries reddish gray, powdery, with a smoky costal dot
from which starts a variably complete punctiform extra median line;
Broc..N. Me vol. xxy—02——13
secondaries whitish, except in apical and costal region, with a more or —
less complete, punctiform extra median line. f
Expanse.—1.24 to 1.44 inches (31 to 386 mm.). :
Habitat. —Nova Scotia; Canada in July; New York, June to August;
Newton, Massachusetts; Missouri; Glenwood Springs, Colorado,
September 1 (Barnes).
This is a common species, hence my material is not especially good
There are twenty or more specimens, but not well distributed as to
locality and few of them ‘dated. It is probable that the species
occurs throughout the Eastern United States, but may not extend far
southward.
The range of variation is much like that given for /eterodowra and is
chiefly a matter of contrast. In some examples the base is quite a
clear yellow and on this a deep rich red makes a striking specimen.
In others everything is dull, or there isa grayish tinge. This is the
only species in which an obvious outer line is usual on the under side.
Mr. Strecker’s type is the usual Colorado form, in which the con-
trasts are not quite so great. Yet he would hardly have made the
error had he not placed it at once with commo/des as the closest ally.
From that species it is, of course, easily distinguished.
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. |
= == >= a
LEUCANIA EXTINCTA Guenée.
Leucania extincta GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 79.—WatxeEr, C. B.,
Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 94.
Leucania linita GuENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 81.—WatkeEr, C. B., Mus.,
Het., IX, 1856, p. 95.—Smiru, List Lepidoptera, 1891, p. 46, pr. syn.
Leucania scirpicola GUENER, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1854, p. 84.—Watker, C. B.,
Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 96.—Smiru, List Lepidoptera, 1891, p. 46, pr. syn.
FHeliophila amygdalina Harvey, Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 57.—Smirx, Bull. 44,
U. S..Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 187, pr. syn.
Ground color a very pale creamy yellow, primaries streaked with
blackish and silver gray, tending to a faint reddish. Head with a
slight admixture of brown scales in front. Collar with two dark gray
transverse lines. Thorax immaculate. Primaries with all the veins
narrowly white. A whitish dot marked by black scales at the end of
the median. A series of black dots forming the transverse posterior
line and this line is abruptly bent inward on vein 4. Secondaries
white, semitransparent, with a somewhat yellowish tint. Beneath,
primaries a little smoky on disk, and with a blackish costal spot;
secondaries a little yellowish and powdery along the costa.
Expanse.—1.30 to 1.44 inches (33 to 36 mm.).
flabitat.—Maine; New York; Florida; Newark, New Jersey, May 12,
16, July 25 (Buchholz, Weidt); Elizabeth, August + (Kemp).
Five examples, all of them from Newark and Elizabeth, New Jer-
sey, are before me. The species is not represented in any of the large
collections, and yet it has a considerable range. Druce records it from
eS ee ee ee ey oe
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 195
Mexico and adds /nsweta Guenée and antica Walker to the svnonymy
above given. As to the latter, he may be right; the description being
of a South American species did not require me to identify it. As to
msucta he is surely in error, for I compared the examples in the Brit-
ish Museum, and, in addition, the description does not fit at all.
Guenée, who in all the other descriptions mentions the pointed apex
of primaries and the very oblique hind angle, expressly states for
ensucta that they are less sharp than in completa, with which he com-
pares it. In addition, mention is made of the black basal streak, obvi-
ous in /nsueta and absolutely wanting in ext/ncta.
With a good example at hand it is simply impossible to mistake the
species from its wing form and the gray strigation. But when the
insect is a little rubbed, matters are not so easy. The characteristic
wing form is destroyed by rubbed fringes; the gray interspacial lines
are easily marred and there remains an almost characterless individual.
It is in this way that M. Guenée fell in error.
Enough has been said under the group heading to place the species
on structural characters.
LEUCANIA JUNCICOLA Guenée.
Leucania juncicola GUENEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, ). 83.
Het., IX, 1856, p. 96.
Heliophila adjuta Grotr, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sei., I, 1874, p. 158; Bull. Buff.
Soc. Nat. Sci., III, 1875, p. 8.—Smirn, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, p.
188, pr. syn.
Waker, C. B., Mus.,
Ground color a rather bright creamy yellow, strigation of the pri-
maries luteous. Head with a frontal and interantennal purplish line.
Collar crossed by two dusky lines near the middle, and at the tip a
series of four contiguous lines of different colors gives the impression
of a reddish or purplish band. The little anterior crest has the same
purplish markings. Primaries with the veins whitish; the interspaces
with at least two narrow, luteous lines. Median vein a little more
broadly pale, inclosing a small black dot at its tip. The transverse
posterior line is usually indicated by two venular dots only, but may
be complete. A black dot is in the submedian interspace about one-
third from base. There are no strongly marked shadings, but it is
readily seen that a somewhat darker shade extends below the median
to its end, broadens out a little and continues to the outer margin,
extending from vein + and to the apex. Another shading extends
over the subcostal and, broadening out somewhat, reaches the costa
before the apex. A series of very small, black terminal dots. Fringes
concolorous. Secondaries somewhat pearly white at base, semitrans-
parent, with a smoky outer border and yellowish fringes. Beneath,
primaries with an obvious pinkish tinge, the disk tending to blackish.
Secondaries with the costa yellowish, powdery, and a series of black
terminal spots in the interspaces.
196 PROCEEDINGS CF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Expanse.—1.30 to 1.45 inches (82 to 86 mm.).
Habitat.—Texas in March; Florida; Alabama.
Kight examples are at hand just now, all yery much alike. Except
for two examples from San Antonio, they have State labels only, and
not one has a date of capture. One female has a marked reddish tinge
in the ground and the secondaries are almost uniformly smoky. The
Florida example is more obviously streaked than the others, but differs
in no further point.
The ornamentation of the collar is the most characteristic feature
of the species, and this tends to getting in red or scarlet in addition to
or place of the black.
LEUCANIA MULTILINEA Walker.
Leucania multilinea WauKer, C. B., Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 97.
Leucania commoides Grote, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 419.
Heliophila lapidaria Grote, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 419.—Srra, Bull.
44, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 187, pr. syn.
Ground color creamy yellow. Head immaculate. Thorax with
three gray or blackish transverse lines, the upper one broadest. Disk
of thorax and patagix a little black speckled. Primaries with veins
white or whitish, the strigations in the interspaces dark and well
marked. Median vein white, inferiorly margined by black or brown
to the end. A black dot in the white area at end of vein. A smoky
shade bases on vein + and broadens toward the apex, which it reaches
on outer margin. A dusky shading over the subcostal region and
another parallel with and close to inner margin. Transverse posterior
line reduced to two dots. A series of small black terminal dots.
Secondaries white, with small black terminal dots. Beneath, prima-
ries faintly yellowish, the disk more or less blackish, veins more or less
black marked; secondaries somewhat yellowish and powdery along the
costa.
Expanse.—1.30 to 1.40 inches (32 to 35 mm.).
Habitat.—Miami, Palm Beach, Florida (Dyar); Harris County,
Texas, August 10 (Barnes); Kansas (Snow); Albany, New York, June
and July; Winnipeg, Manitoba (Hanham).
A series of thirteen examples shows little variation, and among the
strigate rather obtuse winged forms the pure white secondaries of
both sexes make this easily separable. The only species with which
it is likely to be confounded is juneécola, and that can be very easily
determined if the material is at all good.
LEUCANIA COMMOIDES Guenée.
Leucania commoides GUENER, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 86.—Watker, C. B.,
Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 96.—Spryer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XVI, 1875, p. 113.
Ground color dull grayish luteous, more or less brightened by red
or brown. Head tends to rusty brown. Collar with three leaden
NO. 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID, MOTHS—SMITH. 197
gray transverse lines. Thorax a little black powdered. Primaries
more or less shaded with red brown and streaked with black. A
prominent black streak below the broadly white median vein. A
black dot at the branching of the median vein. Veins narrowly white,
and hence the costal region is a little paler. A black mark is on the
inner marein near the base; another is in the submedian interspace
toward the anal angle. Other black streaks are in the interspaces
above vein 3, forming the base of a triangular dusky shade. Trans-
verse posterior line punctiform, not well marked. A series of black
terminal dots. Secondaries dirty fuscous, with pale yellowish fringes.
Beneath, the sexual tuftings are discolored, brown. Primaries red-
dish gray, powdery, a little darker on the disk. Secondaries whitish,
with the costal area powdery, yellowish.
Kxpanse.—1.40 to 1.50 inches (35 to 37.5 mm).
Habitat. Nova Scotia; Canada; Winnipeg, Manitoba, July 2 (Han-
ham); Maine (Fernald); Massachusetts; Albany, New York, June 22
(Bailey); New York, June to August; Wisconsin; Minnesota; [linois;
New Mexico (Snow); Colorado; Florida in March.
The species has a wide distribution, is not at all rare, and is easily
recognized. The prominent black streak beneath the white median
vein and the dark red color are distinctive characteristics. Add to
this the prominent abdominal and leg tuftings of the male and the
species becomes unmistakable.
The leg tuftings are as follows: Anterior femora with a continuous
fringing of hairy scales beneath, making a thick mass, but no tuft.
Tibia with a thick outward scaling, but no tuftings or longer hair.
Middle leg somewhat shortened, tibial spurs long, the inner curved
and somewhat flattened. Femora with continuous dense fringing of
long hair and scales, longer at base. Tibize with long hair tufts in
front and at sides, capable of brush-like expansion; one at the side
may be also capable of fan-like expansion. Posterior femora with
long hair fringe basally. Tibize with longer hair outwardly toward
base, but no brush.
The harpes of the genitalia are densely clothed outwardly with long
yellow hair, intermixed with broadly flattened scales. forming a mass
that can be flufiily expanded, making neither a definite brush nor fan-
like expansion.
LEUCANIA PHRAGMATIDICOLA Guenee.
Leucania phragmatidicola GuENkEE, Spec. Gen., Noct., I, 1852, p. 89.—WALKER,
C. B., Mus., Het., IX, 1856, p. 97.
Heliophila phragmatidicola var. tevana Morrison, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI,
1874, p. 211.
Ground color a very pale luteous, varying to grayish or reddish,
sometimes reaching a decided warm fawn brown. Head and thorax
concolorous. Collar with three darker transverse lines, which tend
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ,NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXYV.
to obsolescence, that just below the tip being broadest. Anterior crest
and patagiw sometimes a little speckled with blackish scales. Prima-
ries more or less obviously strigate, the veins white or whitish, inter-
spacial narrow lines ranging from dull luteous to smoky or even
blackish. Median vein obviously white, bordered on each side by a
smoky or blackish shading, that beneath being the more prominent.
At the end of the vein the white enlarges as it includes the base of the
branches and here a black dot precedes and a blackish or smoky shade
follows the branching, thus extending for a little distance the dark
shading below the median vein. A vague triangular cloud is on the
outer margin above vein +, extending to the apex, and a somewhat
lighter shading extends from base through the cell, obliquely to the
apex itself. A series of small black terminal dots is obvious in most
specimens. Secondaries white or whitish, sometimes with a yellowish
tinge, with a narrow smoky outer border and a series of terminal
black dots, which, as a rule, are best marked where the smoky shading
is best. Beneath, primaries creamy or reddish, powdery, tending to
smoky on the disk; secondaries white except over the costal region,
where it is creamy and somewhat powdery.
Kxpanse.—1.28 to 1.52 inches (32 to 37 mm.).
[labitat.— Canada to Florida, to Texas, to California; Iowa; Min-
nesota; Illinois. The dates cover every month from March to October,
inclusive.
This is one of the most widely distributed, and, in a certain way,
the most variable of the species. There are, obviously, two broods in
the Middle Atlantic States, adults appearing in May and June and
again in August and September. New Jersey specimens are before
me for every month from May to October. In Florida and Texas the
sarly dates are in March. Los Angeles, California, specimens are
dated April. ,
Nearly forty examples are under inspection and in such variety that
it would seem certain that they could be arranged in series of distinct
forms, but I have failed on all bases tried.
Some specimens are almost creamy yellow, without contrasts, the
median vein hardly white, its blackish border hardly traceable. The
primaries seem broader, the margins subparallel. Another series is
obviously gray, with or without a reddish shade, the strigation obvious,
the markings over the median vein conspicuous. Here the wings seem
more trigonate and the apices more pointed. Then comes a series in
which the primaries seem longer and narrower, the body slighter, color
decidedly reddish fawn, the median dusky streak unusually prominent,
and extending almost to the transverse posterior line; but when these
extremes are carefully separated out, the remaining forms block out
every gap and leave us with one series only. The differential points
have been elsewhere brought out.
Ft Nat Sk A
Ak Meinl ae ds
=.
4
*f
—
NO, 1283. REVISION GF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 199
I can not place the variety ferana Morrison. — I have nothing so small
as 29 mm. in expanse, and nothing in which the lines on the collar are
not at least traceable. The essential differences as pointed out by Mr.
Morrison are: ‘** They expand only 29 mm.; the collar lacks the black
transverse line of the typical form; the ground color is clear and
whitish, not becoming suffused with reddish or dark ochreous before
the terminal space.”
Mr. Grote in describing //gata refers to this variety as if he thought
Mr. Morrison might have had such a form as his new species before
him, but this seems hardly credible.
LEUCANIA IMPERFECTA Smith.
Leucania imperfecta Smirn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 76.
Ground color a dull luteous, shaded with smoky or blackish. The
head may be of the pale ground or of the smoky tint. Collar with three
purplish black transverse lines; patagiz blackish at base of primaries,
tending to the pale ground on the disk. Primaries darker over the
costa, through the middle of the wing, along the inner margin, and in
the terminal space before the apex. This leaves the pale ground as a
long shade through the cell from base to apex and through the sub-
median interspace from base to the transverse posterior line. The
shadings are all quite even and not obviously strigate. Median vein
accompanied by a blackish streak which may or may not darken it to
the end. At the branching there is always the angular white spot,
emphasized by a preceding black dot. In one specimen the vein is
narrowly white throughout. The other veins may or may not be
partly white marked. There may be a series of small black terminal
dots and a yellowish line at the base of the fringes.
Secondaries, transparent, somewhat pearly white at base, the veins
smoky or blackish; a somewhat diffuse, smoky margin, variable in
width. Fringes with a yellowish line at base. Beneath, primaries
gray, powdery, the disk tending to and sometimes all blackish. Sec-
ondaries white, powdery over the costal and apical area.
Eixpanse.—1.28 to 1.52 inches (32 to 38 mm.).
Habitat. Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, June 19 (Schwarz); Chiri-
cahua Mountains, Arizona, June 26 (Hubbard); Wilgus, Cochise
County, Huachuca Mountains, and southern Arizona (Barnes).
Seven examples from so many localities in Arizona indicate that it
is not really a rare species. There seems to be little variation except
in size, and that is not sexual, since the largest and smallest examples
are both males.
In the male the sexual tuftings are not very prominent. On the
anterior legs the femora have a moderate scale fringing at base, becom-
ing shorter toward tip; the tibia is a little scale thickened outwardly.
On the middle leg the femoral fringe is a little longer, the tibia is
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
=
decidedly thickened with long hair outwardly, not forming obvious
tufts. On the posterior legs the femoral fringe is much longer and
reaches almost to base; the tibiz have long thin hair which does not
form tufts. The anal tuftings are not very dense exteriorly, but
there are two pencils of yellow hair within the genital cavity.
LEUCANIA ANTEROCLARA, new species.
Ground color a very pale luteous, almost whitish or creamy. Collar
paler with three more or less obvious transverse bands which tend to
and sometimes are purplish. Primaries obviously streaky but vary-
ing in the amount of contrast. Veins paler, the median whitish, as a
rule, and 3 and 4 may be whitish for a part or all their course. A
smoky or olivaceous luteous shading below the median vein. Discal
dot a mere point which may be altogether absent. Transverse pos-
terior line usually reduced to two black points, never complete. There
is a very well-marked tendency to darker streaks above vein 4, em-
phasizing the triangular dusky subapical shade. In some specimens
a series of small black terminal dots is obvious. Secondaries white,
with a pearly luster or yellowish tinge in the male, with a vague dusky
outer shading, the veins dusky; in the female with a broader, smoky
border and the entire wings tending to dusky. Beneath, primaries
creamy to reddish, more or less powdery, the disk more or less
blackish. Secondaries white, the costal margin creamy, powdery.
Expanse.—1.40 to 1.56 inches (35 to 39 mm.).
Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, June 25, July 10, August 13 (Dod);
Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, August, (Barnes); Corvallis, Oregon,
July 6 (Cordley); Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June 10 (Barnes).
Twenty-one specimens are under examination; all the females a little
darker and more streaky than the males.
The differences between this species and phragmatidicola have been
already discussed. Comparing two series their distinctness is obvious;
comparing selected individuals of each series the sexual characters
might have to be resorted to. It is suggestive of a local form that I
have no phragmatidicola from the range given for this species, nor any
example of this species within the range given for phragmatidicola.
In the male the anterior femora have long, scaly fringes more than
half the distance from base; the tibiz are thickened with scaly ves-
titure outwardly. Middle legs with equal femoral fringes for their
entire length. Tibi with long hair, capable of partly fan-like ex-
pansion in front and at the sides; the outer spurs short and cylindrical.
Posterior femora fringed their full length, the fringe longer at base;
tibie with somewhat longer thin hair outwardly. The harpes are
clothed outwardly with dense hair and seales but these do not form
prominent tuftings. Altogether the characters, while of the same type
as in phragmatidicola, are very much reduced. |
Type.—No. 6250, U.S.N.M.
eee
NO, 1283. REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 201
LEUCANIA CALGARIANA, new species.
Ground color a pale luteous, overlaid, streaked or washed with red.
Collar almost whitish, quite contrasting, crossed by three dark gray
transverse lines. Primaries obviously strigate. Median yein conspic-
uously white; its branches (three and four) also white as a rule and, in
addition, most of the other veinsare more or less whitish. A blackish
or af least darker shade below the median vein and extending vaguely
beyond it to form the usual trigonate subapical cloud. Discal black
dot small or wanting. Transverse posterior line reduced to two dotlets
or altogether wanting. Secondaries white or slightly yellowish, with
a more or less obvious smoky margin. Beneath, primaries reddish
gray, powdery, tending to a blackish disk. Secondaries white, costal
region reddish, powdery.
Expanse.—1.48 to 1.56 inches (37 to 39 mm.).
Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, June 20 to July 28 (F. H. Wolley Dod).
_ Ten examples, all from Mr. Dod and all in good condition.
This species is conspicuously different in color from the others of
this series and is also the largest in average expanse. It is most nearly
allied to anteroclara and is that species suffused with red. Whether it
is merely a color variety or not I.can not now say. Nothing like it
has come from other localities. Mr. Dod has sent me about twenty
examples of both forms and there is no difficulty whatever in separat-
ing the two. I prefer, under the circumstances, to risk the specific
name until a careful study of the early stages determines the status of
forms.
Type. =No, 6243. US: N. M.
LEUCANIA STOLATA Sm.th.
Leucania stolata Smiru, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XI, 1894, p. 76, pl. v, fig. 8.
Ground color a pale straw yellow. Collar with two transverse
dark lines. Patagize with a dusky powdering near the margin. Pri-
Maries with the median vein white, a short spur marking the inception
of vein 2, while veins 3 and 4 are white a little distance from their
point of inception. A smoky brown shade accompanies this line
inferiorily, and extends beyond the cell as an elongate dusky triangle
between veins 4 and 6, fading out before the margin is reached. A
less distinct brownish shade extends along the inner margin, and a
vague smoky tinge is apparent over the costal and apical region.
Between the veins, beyond the cell, are faint darker longitudinal brown
lines, giving the wing there a feebly strigate appearance.” A series of
small black terminal dots and a small dot at the end of the median
vein. Secondaries white. Beneath white, feebly irrorate, primaries
with a somewhat yellowish tinge.
tepanse.—1.28 inches (32 mm.).
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Habitat.— Arizona.
I have seen nothing like this since the original description was pub-
lished; hence the type is vet unique.
LEUCANIA-OREGONA, new species.
Ground color pale fawn or reddish gray. Collar with two darker
transverse lines. Disk of thorax a little powdery. Primaries obvi-
ously strigate. Veins white or nearly so, the end of the median form-
ing an obvious white mark emphasized by a preceding black dot. A
smoky line below the median vein, extending beyond it above vein 4
to form the usual subapical dusky cloud. Transverse posterior line
punctiform, complete. Terminal space and fringes smoky. Seconda-
ries white, with a series of black terminal marks. Beneath reddish
gray, powdery; secondaries white, costal region powdery reddish gray.
Expanse.—1.20 inches (80 mm.).
Habitat.—Corvallis, Oregon, at light, April 11 (Cordley).
One male in very fair condition. The species resembles a pale,
much reduced suhbpunctata, and is altogether different from anything
else in this group.
The femoral fringings are present in a reduced form in this species,
and all the tibize have long, thin, hairy clothing, but not any of them
have it to form tufts of any kind.
LEUCANIA ROSEOLA Smith.
Leucania roseola Smrv“, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., X XI, 1894, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 9.
’ ’ ’ pb} oD
Ground color very pale yellow, suffused with red of varying shade,
tending to light brick red. Collar with three somewhat darker trans-
verse lines. Primaries with veins paler, the intervals so closely
strigate that the impression is given of an almost even color. Median
vein not contrasting, only a little paler at tips. No obvious discal dot,
but a slightly dusky shading beyond the forking. Transverse poste-
rior line a complete series of smoky dots or absent altogether, with all
the intermediate forms and everything in favor of the obsolescence of
the dots. Secondaries white. Beneath reddish gray, the primaries
with an irregular outer venular band. Secondaries white, except on
the costal area.
Expanse. —1.46 to 1.56 inches (36 to 39 mm.).
/Tabitat.—Pullman, Washington, June 12 (Piper); Corvallis, Ore-
gon, June 20 (Cordley); British Columbia in July; Livingston, Van-
couver, July 11
Kight examples are at hand just now and I have seen others. The
almost uniform red color of the wing without any contrasts identifies
this form as compared with furcia.
4
4
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oe ere
AD he Os ce
REVISION OF SOME NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 203
LEUCANIA FARCTA, Grote.
Heliophila farcta Grote, Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 15.
Leucania farcta Smirn, Bull. 44, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1893, p. 188.
Ground color a pale creamy yellow. Collar with three somewhat
purplish transverse lines. Primaries strigate, but without contrasts.
The median vein is white or whitish, without contrast or obvious
margins. A black dot at the end of the cell. Transverse posterior
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A REVIEW OF THE TRIGGER-FISHES, FILE-FISHES, AND
. TRUNK-FISHES OF JAPAN.
By Davip Starr Jorpan and Henry W. Fow er,
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
In the present paper is given an account of the Plectognathous
fishes, found in Japan, belonging to the suborders of Sclerodermi and
Ostracodermi. The paper is based on the collections made by Jordan
and Snyder in 1900, and on the material contained in the United States
National Museum, and collections made by the United States Fish Com-
mission steamer A/batross.
; SCLERODERME.
Sclerodermi may be defined as Plectognathous fishes with a spinous
dorsal composed of one or more spines inserted just behind the cranium;
body of the normal fish-like shape; scales rough, or spinigerous, of
regular form; jaws with distinct teeth, conical or incisor-like.
(oK\npos, hard; dépua, skin.)
ANALYSIS OF FAMILIES.
a. Ventral fins represented each by a large spine, normally articulating with the
pelvic bones; scales rounded, more or less spinigerous; dorsal fin of 3 to 6
SPIMeswavervebnee abOUb LO) aes sli PRN eee ae eee ee 2 TRIACANTHID®, I.
aa. Ventral fins obsolete, or the pair represented by a single spine at the end of the
long pelvic bone; scales rough, rhombic, or spiniform.
b. Vertebree in small number, 17 to 21; no barbel at chin; gill opening not before
the eyes.
c. First dorsal composed of 3, rarely 2, spines; the first spine very large, the
second locking it in erection; scales comparatively large, bony, rough,
forms acoatmoumallsVverte presi pe aee eases eee see 5 Bauistip#, II.
cc. First dorsal of a single spine, with a rudiment at its base; scales minute, not
bony, the edges spinescent, so that the surface of the body is rough velvety;
vente bres 8 bor Zi etter na Cae oe a Se ee SRR Monacanruip®, III.
Family I. TRIACANTHID.
Body compressed, covered with small or minute rounded scales more
or less spinigerous. Mouth small; teeth in 1 or 2 series in each jaw,
- conical or incisor-like. First dorsal fin of 3 to 6 strong spines, the
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXV—No. 1287. BI
20
mat
a aa, *
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
first one largest; soft dorsal rather long and low, similar to anal; ven-
tral fins each a strong spine attached to the pelvic bone; vertebra (in
Triacanthus) 9+10=19. Three genera and about 5 species; tropical
shore fishes, chiefly East Indian, one of them American.
a. Triacanthodine: Teeth small, close-set, conical, not incisor-like; caudal peduncle
short; dorsal spines strong, not very unequal.
b. Teeth in two rows in each jaw, the upper jaw with about 14 teeth in the outer
row, the lower with 22; inner series with about 2 teeth----Triacanthodes, 1.
aa. Triacanthine: Teeth incisor-like, in two series in each jaw, those of the outer
row prolonged, about 10 in number, the inner series with 2 or 4; caudal
peduncle produced, slender; first dorsal with 3 or 4 small spines behind a very
larme: Ole! 2 22S: 6. 22.0 ss neces ee a ee ee Triacanthus, 2.
1. TRIACANTHODES Bleeker:
Triacanthodes BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Nederl., III, 1857, Japan, IV, p. 37
(anomalus. )
Body short, compressed, with short tail, covered with small spiny
scales: teeth small, conical, close set, in two series, about 14 to 22, two
small teeth in the inner series. Lateral line inconspicuous. Dorsal
spines about 5, strong, not very unequal, rough on their basal halves.
Ventrals each a strong spine attached to the pelvic bone, besides two
slender soft rays. Soft dorsal of about 15 rays; anal of about 12.
(triacanthus: e700s, resemblance. )
1. TRIACANTHODES ANOMALUS (Schlegel).
BENI KAWAMUKI (RED FILE FISH).
Triacanthus anomalus ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica Poiss., 1846, p. 295, pl. cxx1x,
fig. 3; Nagasaki.—Nysrrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak., 1887, p. 47; Nagasaki.
Triacanthodes anomalus BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Nederl., III, 1857, Japan,
IV, p. 37; Nagasaki.—Ginrner, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 208; Japan.
Depth 24; head little over 3 (4 in total); D. IV to VI, 14 to 16;
A. 12 to 13; V. I, 2. Snout 24 in head. Jaws with a single series of
from 18 to 20 small teeth, pointed, somewhat conical and curved.
Body compressed and roughened. Pectorals rounded, 13 in head.
First dorsal spine almost as long as the head. Dorsal and ventral
spines strong, rough on their basal halves. Ventral spines roughened
and as long as the first dorsal spine. Anal beginning a little behind
anus and its height equal to a fifth of the depth of the body. Second
dorsal larger than anal and its height 3 in the depth of the body.
Caudal rounded and equal to the snout with eye. Color reddish,
brighter above and whitish below. Length 3 to 4¢ inches. (Schlegel,
Bleeker, Giinther. )
This little fish, which reaches a length of 4 or 5 inches, is recorded
by Schlegel as taken only in May about the rocks at the mouth of the
no.1287. JAPANESE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 2S
bay of Nagasaki. It is much valued as a food fish and is eaten raw
with a sauce of sa/e or rice brandy. No specimens were taken by
Jordan and Snyder.
(anomatus, anomalous. )
2. TRIACANTHUS Cuvier.
Triacanthus Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., 1817, p. 152 (biaculeatus).
Body more or less elongate, compressed, covered with minute rough
scales; tail slender, prolonged; teeth in two series in each jaw; those
of the outer row incisor-like, ten in number, those of the inner row
more rounded, two or four in number. First dorsal of one very
strong rough spine and several short ones. Ventral fins each of a
strong spine attached to the pubic bone; soft dorsal of about 24 rays,
anal of about 19; lateral line conspicuous.
(rpeis, three; akavéa, spine.)
2. TRIACANTHUS BREVIROSTRIS Schiegel.
GIN-KAWAMUKI (SILVERY FILEFISH).
Triacanthus brevirostris SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 294, pl. cxxrx,
fig. 2; Nagasakii—Ho.tiarp, Ann. Sci. Nat., I, 1854, p. 45, pl. 1, fig. 1.—
BuiEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Balist., 1865-69, pl. xvi, fig. 3; Java, Madura, Sumatra,
Singapore, Borneo, Celebes, Amboyna, etc. —Gtinrner, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870,
p- 209; Japan, Formosa, Amboyna, Madras, China.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat.,
1897, p. 4; Kagoshima, Suruga.
Triacanthus rhodopterus BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XII, 1849, p. 25, pl. rv, fig. 8.
Triacanthus russelli BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXII, 1849, p. 25; Coromandel
(after Patrick Russell).
Triacanthus brachysoma BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., IV, 1853, p. 128.
Balistes bipes Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 37; East Indies.
Head about 4; depth 2 to 24; snout 13, and eye 3 to4in head; D. V,
22 to 25; A. 17 to 20. Maxillary 10 in external series, incised or
cuneiform, and inner series obtusely rotundate. Snout not produced,
with the upper profile nearly straight. Pectorals rounded, short.
First dorsal spine strong, covered with asperities; ventral spines long.
Second dorsal a little lower than the longest anal ray. Color above
greenish or bluish gray, below silvery or yellowish; head above,
greenish; spinous dorsal with a black blotch. Length, 11 inches.
(Schlegel, Bleeker, Giinther.)
Bleeker regards Zrdacanthus nieuhofi with a depth of 2 to 3 (total
length) as distinct from TZreacanthus brevirostris, which has a depth of
3 to 34 (total length).
This species, common in the East Indies, is rare in Japan, being
recorded from the southern region only. In the Imperial Museum are
specimens of this species from Suruga Bay and from Kagoshima. No
specimens taken by Jordan and Snyder.
(brevis, short; rostrum, snout.)
254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family Il. BALISTID.
TRIGGER FISHES.
Body oblong, or ovate, moderately compressed, covered with rather
large rough scales or scutes of varying form, the scutes not forming
an immovable carapace. Laterai line obscure or wanting. Mouth
small, terminal, low; jaws short, each with about 1 series of separate
incisor-like teeth; eye near occiput; preorbital very deep. Chin with-
out barbel. Gill openings small, slit-like, above or in front of pecto-
ral fins, and not before eyes. Dorsal fins 2, the anterior of 2 or 3
spines, the first spine highest, very strong, the second locking it in
erection; second dorsal remote from the first, of many soft rays; cau-
dal fin rounded or forked; ventral fins wanting, their place occupied
by a single stout, thick spine at the end of the very long, usually
movable pubic bone. Post-temporal short, simple, the forks obliter-
ated, the bone grown solidly to the skull, and with no foramen. Ver-
tebre in reduced number (17). Shore fishes of the tropical seas, of
rather large size, carnivorous, or partly herbiverous, very rarely
used as food, many of them reputed to be poisonous.
a. Caudal peduncle compressed.
b. Teeth white or pale, not red.
c. Teeth unequal, oblique, each one deeply notched.
d. Gill opening with a number of enlarged bony plates or scutes behind it;
ventral flap moyable, supported by a series of spines, more or less free at
: tip, and resembling fin rays.
e. Dorsal and anal fins low and rounded, their angles and those of caudal
not produced; lateral line obsolete or with a trace at the shoulder; scales
of posterior parts each with a blunt spine or tubercle; ventral flap narrow,
its supporting spines stout and thick in the adult; third dorsal spine
small.
f. Eye with a naked groove before it.
g. Cheeks with small scales closely set; snout scaly... - Pachynathus, 3.
gg. Cheeks with large scales loosely set; snout naked. - Pseudobalistes, 4.
iff, Kye without preocularproovess= ssc. sae seen ee ae ee Balistapus, 5.
dd. Gill opening with only ordinary scales behind it; no enlarged plates or
scutes; ventral flap scarcely movable, its surface scaled; lateral line
obsolete; third dorsal spine small or wanting; vertical fins in adult more
or less angulate or falcate.
h. Chin not projecting; cheeks closely scaled; dorsal spine 3; scales
of posterior parts unarmed or keeled -...------- Canthidermis, 6.
3. PACH YNADZHAUS Swainson:
Pachynathus Sw arxson, Classn. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 326 (triangularis=capistratus;
the name evidently an error for Pachygnathus, but not so spelled; not
Pachygnathus, an earlier name of a genus of spiders. )
This genus differs from alistes in the rounded outlines of the ver-
tical fins and in the possession of small spines or tubercles on the
scales of the caudal region. Ventral flap somewhat movable, its sup-
mh a De le tll
no.1287. JAPANESE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. O55
porting spines short and very thick. Lateral line reduced to a trace
at the shoulder. Species few, inhabiting the Pacific, intermediate
between Balistes and Balistapus. The name Pachynathus is, perhaps,
ineligible, as if spelied correctly it is preoccupied.
(zayvs, thick; yvados, jaw.)
a. Color olivaceous, with a pale ring about the mouth and usually a pale line behind
it; caudal double truncate; D. III, 29; A. 28; scales 50........-- capistratum, 3.
aa. Color dusky with a green area marked by dark spots above; lower parts with
large round blotches of dull red; a blue ring about snout; caudal rounded.
epee eeeANewer at asGaless 46/26 naar eo oe ee ee ee ceca se conspicillum, 4.
3. PACHYNATHUS CAPISTRATUM (Shaw).
Le Baliste bridé Lackrkpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., I, 1798, p. 335; without locality; on
a drawing by Commerson.
Balistes capistratus SuHaw, Genl. Zool., V, 1804, p. 417 (after Lacépéde; not Pachy-
nathus capistratus Jordan and Evermann, which is a distinct species, with
smaller scales, = Pachygnathus verres Gilbert and Starks. )
Balistes mitis BENNErr, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., I, 1831, p. 169; East Indies.—
GUNTHER, Cat., VIII, 1870, p. 218.
Balistes amboinensis Gray, Hardwicke, [lus. Indian Zool., 1834; Amboyna.
Pachynathus triangularis Swainson, Classn. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 326 (Vizaga-
patam, after Russell, pl. xx.)
Balistes hihpe RicHarpson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 1848, p. 127; East Indies.
Balistes frenatus RicHarpson, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 18438, p. 129; East Indies.—
Bieeker, Atlas Ichth., 1865-69, pl. ccoxxut.
Balistes schmittii BLEnKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., XXIV, 1852, p. 37; Sumatra.
Head 23; depth 2; D. III, 28 to 30; A. 25 to 27; scales 50.
Body rather oblong, a groove before the eye. Each scale for about
9 rows on the tail and posterior part of sides, with a small, smooth,
inconspicuous tubercle; about 34 scales in several parallel horizontal
streaks in front of pectoral, a transverse series from soft dorsal to
vent; a few bony scutes behind the gill opening, 1 of these consider-
ably enlarged. Lateral line obsolete, reduced to a few scales behind
eye. Dorsal and anal fins rather low, with outlines rounded or slightly
angular in front, the first rays not produced; the caudal double trun-
cate, the angles scarcely produced. First dorsal spine strong, very
rough, especially above. Ventral flap small, movable, supported by
several short, thick spines. Uniform blackish brown; a yellowish
ring from middle of upper lip around the lower jaw, a straight yellow
stripe from this ring toward the pectoral, not reaching the gill open-
ing; this sometimes absent or indistinct. Pacific Ocean; widely dis-
tributed through the East Indies and on the coast of China. Here
described from an adult example from Wakanoura.
This species is very abundant in the East Indies and westward to
Honolulu. One specimen secured at Wakanoura, and another was
obtained for us by Yonekichi Koneyama, who caught it at Nafa in
Okinawa. There are no other records from Japan, but we have many
examples from Hawaii.
256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The American species, heretofore called Pachynathus capistratum,
is different from Japanese or Hawaiian specimens, haying larger
scales. It has been named Ladistes verres by Gilbert and Starks.
(capistratus bridled.)
4. PACHYNATHUS CONSPICILLUM (Bloch and Schneider).
MONGARA KAWAHAGI (SPOTTED SKIN PEELER), KOMONIUWO
(BLOTCHED FISH).
Balistes conspiciluum Briocn and ScHNerper, Syst. Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 474;
Indian Seas (after Guaperva tacheté of Sonnerat).—ScHLEGcEL, Fauna Japon-
ica, 1846, p. 289, pl. cxxrx, fig. 1; Nagasaki.—BLeErKer, Atlas Ichth. Balist.,
1865-69, p. 116, pl. vu, fig. 2.—GitinrHEr, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 220; Japan,
Formosa.—NAmIyk, Cat. Spee. Vert., 1881, p. 113, Kishin.—IsHrxawa, Prel.
Cat., 1897, p. 4, Kagoshima.
Balistes bicolor SHaw, Gen. Zool., V, 1804, p. 407, pl. m1.
D. III, 25 to 26; A. 21 to 22; scales in lateral line 46, or about 50 to
55 from gill opening to middle part of caudal. Eye + to 6 in head, 25
to4in snout. Head higher than long; lips broad and fleshy; patch of
enlarged scales 3 or + in number behind the gill opening; about 29
scales in a transverse section from the origin of the dorsal to the vent;
dorsal and anal rather low; caudal subtruncate; ventral spine very
short and movable; two and a half series of tubercles on caudal
peduncle; caudal rounded, the angles not produced; lateral line not
conspicuous. Color brownish or black, with very large, round, yellow
spots on the lower part of the body in 4 longitudinal series. Back
between dorsals of a lighter coloration. The center of each scale
brown and the edges yellowish; a yellowish band across the snout from
one eye to the other; extremity of the snout orange and with a narrow
orange ring; pectorals with yeliow or orange rays; spinous dorsal brown
or blackish; soft dorsal and anal grayish blue and with orange bases;
‘raudal black at base, medianly clear yellow, with a marginal black
band. Length 13 inches. (Schlegel, Bleeker. Giinther; the color
after Schlegel.)
This species is occasionally taken in the Kuro Shiwo, off the coast of
Japan and southward. It is recorded from Nagasaki and Kagoshima,
and we have examined a specimen from Urakawa, in Hokkaido, pre-
served in the museum at Hakodate. This has: D. III, 24; scales 44.
A specimen from Kii is in the Imperial University.
(conspicillum, wv pair of spectacles, in ailusion to the round spots.)
4..PSEUDOBALISTES Bleeker. -
Pseudobalistes BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Balist., III, 1865-69, p. 113 (flavimarginatus)
This genus differs from Pachynathus in the large size of the scales
on the cheek, which do not cover the whole surface, though not leay-
ing the naked stripes seen in Purabalistes. Snout naked. Caudal
:
no.1287. JAPANESE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 257
lunate, but not deeply forked. Dorsal and anal low, as in Balistapus.
Scales of the tail with tubercles. Pacific Ocean.
(pevdns, false; Balistes, from Badiorns, shooter, which is from
fai, to shoot with a crossbow; in allusion to the trigger-like third
spine, which sets or releases the first spine, as in a crossbow.)
5. PSEUDOBALISTES FLAVIMARGINATUS (Riippell).
SURUMICHI.
Balistes flavimarginatus Rippeii, Atlas Fische, 1828; p. 33; Red Sea.—BurrKnr,
Atlas Ichth. Bal., 1865-69, p. 113, pl. rv, fig.3; pl. x, fig. 3.—Gitnruer, Cat.
Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 228; Red Sea, Amboyna.—Isnixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897,
p. 4; Riukiu Islands.
Balistes beer’ BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl., V. 1856, Celebes, p. 53; Celebes.
D. Ill. 26 to 27; A. 23 to 25; scales in lateral line 35 to 36.
Eye 3 to 5 in head, 14 te 4+ in snout. Lips broad and fleshy; snout
partly naked; interorbital space strongly convex; 3 or 4 osseous scutes
behind the gill opening; about 20 scales in a transverse series from
the origin of the dorsal to the vent; soft dorsal and anal somewhat
elevated; caudal rounded in very young, truncate in half-grown and
deeply emarginate, with produced lobes in adult examples; ventral
spine short, movable; on the caudal peduncle + to 6 series of rather
small recurved spines. Color of adult, yellowish or violet green,
without conspicuous spots, nearly uniform; fins except spinous dorsal
blackish violet on the basal part, the outer extremities yellowish,
crossed by a longitudinal blackish-violet bar; spinous dorsal reddish,
margin black, in half-grown examples yellowish or brownish orange;
numerous blackish or brownish spots on trunk; posterior fins olive-
brown, margined with yellow; young, brownish above, below pale
yellow; spotted on the sides; base of spinous dorsal blackish; the fins
yellow. Length, 23 inches. (Bleeker, Giinther.)
Of this species, common in the East Indies, we have one small
specimen, 1} inches long, from Wakanoura. Head 24 in length;
depth 13; eye large, 13 in snout; edges of snout without scales; cheeks
less closely scaled than the rest of the head; pectorals short; ventral
spine very rough; caudal rounded; upper surface of the head, basal
dorsal spines and back blackish; several dark bars at base of caudal;
sides of the body spotted with blackish.
(flavus, yellow; marginatus, edged.)
5. BALISTAPUS Tilesius.
Balistapus Truestus, Mém. Ac. Nat. Sci., Petersb., about 1812, VIT, p. 301 (cap/s-
tratus of Tilesius, not of Shaw, wndulatus).
Rhinecanthus Swanson Classn. Anim., ITI, 1839, p. 325 (ornatissimus=aculeatus).
This genus has the head and body closely sealed, the scales of the
posterior parts more or less spinous; enlarged scales behind the gill
Proce: No Me vol xxv—02 1
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
opening, the lateral line obsolete and no groove before the eye. The
species are numerous in the Indian seas. They are small and rather
brightly colored.
(balistes, a@7rous, footless.)
a. Body covered from snout to tail with many oblique wavy reddish lines; D. III,
25, A. 24; scales 50; spines on tail in a black patch ........-.---.- undulatus, 6.
aa. Body greenish aboye, brownish or whitish below; 4 or 5 oblique stripes on sides
posteriorly; 3 blue stripes vertically from eye; the colors anteriorly separated
by a blue line; 3 blue stripes vertically from eye; a pale patch under caudal
SpPINSsss see eS oe SAS eee ee ae oe che eee aculeatus, 7.
6. BALISTAPUS UNDULATUS (Park).
TOKUSA ZAME (SCOURING RUSH SHARK).
Balistes undulatus Munco Park, Trans. Linn. Soe., III, 1797, p. 37.—GUnrueEr,
Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 226; Red Sea, Zanzibar, Moluccas, Sumatra,
Amboyna, Ceram, Cebu, Louisiades, China, Japan.
Balistes lineatus BLocu and ScHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 466, pl. Lxxxvu.
Joromandel.—BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1865-69, p. 118, pl. xv, fig. 2.
Balistes aculeatus viridis Bennerr, Fish, Ceylon, 1830, pl. x; Ceylon.
Balistes lamourouxi Quoy and GAtimaArRD, Voy. Uranie Zool., 1824, p. 208, pl.
XLvul, fig. 1.
Balistes sesquilineatus Bennert, Beechey’s Voy., 1839, p. 69, pl. xx1, fig. 3; Tahiti.
Batistes porcatus Gronow, Syst., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 32; Indian seas.
Head 3; depth 12; D. III., 25 to 27; A. 22 to 24; scales in lateral
line 41, or about 50 from gill opening to under part of caudal; no
groove before eye; eye 34 to 53 in head, 2 to 4 in snout. Head higher
than long, slightly concave above; lips broad and fleshy; jaws equal;
patch of 4 enlarged scales behind gill opening. A transverse series of
24 seales running from the origin of the dorsal fin to the vent; dorsal
and anal fins rather low, with rounded profile; caudal fin subtruncate;
pectoral obtusely rounded; ventral toothed; double series of lateral
spines, + to 8 in number, on the caudal peduncle. Color bluish-violet,
fin rays yellow or golden-rose; membranes hyaline-blue or violet; head
and body with numerous oblique and somewhat undulated reddish or
yellowish stripes, two broader than the others, proceed from the lips
and are confluent posteriorly; spinous dorsal reddish with brownish
yellow and black margins; the spines on each side of the tail in a black
patch; base of caudal washed with blackish. (Bleeker, Ginther.)
Of this species Giinther records a stuffed specimen from Japan,
probably from the Riukiu Islands. Another from unknown locality
is in the Imperial Museum at Tokio. It is common in the East Indies.
(undulatus, waved. )
+ Seated
~
|
~~
)
t
no.1287. JAPANESE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. i
7. BALISTAPUS ACULEATUS (Linnezus).
Balistes aculeatus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 328; India.—BLrpKerr,
Atl. Ichth. Balist., 1865-69, p. 120, 1866, pl. m1, fig. 3; East Indies, on all
islands (and of all writers).—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 223; Ile de
France, Johanna, Zanzibar, Moluccas, Amboyna, China, Fiji, Seychelles,
Mauritius.
Balistes ornatissinus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, I, 1824, p. 119, pl. x, fig. 1.
Balistes armatus Cuvier, Régne Anim. Illust., pl. cxu, fig. 2.
Balistes striatus Gronow, Syst., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 32; American seas.
Head 23, depth 24, D. ITI. 25; A. 22; scales 44 in the lateral line.
Body oblong, elliptical, no groove before the eye. On the sides of the
caudal peduncle are 3 rows of strong spines, directed forward, con-
sisting of 11, 9, and 5, respectively. Head long, angular, and deeper
than long; the snout very long, nearly as long as the head, slightly
convex; eye small and high up, 63 in head, 53 in snout, and 1% in
interorbital space; interorbital space moderately convex; lips broad,
thick, and fleshy; corners of mouth fleshy for some distance backward;
snout not scaled; teeth large and strong, the middle the larger, then
diminishing toward either end, wedge shape, the ends wider than the
bases, the cutting edges notched, and in the upper jaw 8 in the outer
and 6 in the inner series, the latter with their edges rounded; in the
lower jaw 8 in a single series; the upper jaw closes outside the lower;
gill opening equal to interorbital space, and with 4 enlarged bony
scales behind; scales 29 in a transverse series from spinous dorsal to
anal; pectoral one-fourth longer than gill opening; first dorsal spine
very robust, larger than pectoral; dorsal and anal highest anteriorly,
rounded; caudal subtruncate; ventral movable, very rough and with
several strong spines behind; ridge of belly before ventral also very
rough; caudal peduncle deeper than broad and a little less than the
interorbital space; body not very rough; the scales largest on the
trunk.
Color in spirits pale brownish above, lighter below; spinous dorsal,
large patch on sides behind gill opening sending a line to space between
the dorsals and another broader track to posterior half of soft dorsal,
dark brown; broad band across interorbital space grayish brown with 3
dark-brown bars across from one eye to the other, the narrower inter-
spaces bluish, a brown band from eye to base of pectoral edged nar-
rowly with grayish and a narrow gray or bluish line from eye running
convexly to lower base of pectoral, a brownish bar from naked region
at corner of mouth nearly to pectoral, with a wash of grayish white
below; sides of belly from behind and below enlarged scales behind
gill opening to vent, together with 4 posterior oblique bars running in
the same direction and patch on caudal peduncle in which spines are.
placed, white; some black about the bases of the caudal spines; vent
and narrow stripe at base of pectoral in front blackish brown; fins
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
all plain. Total length 9§ inches. Here described from a specimen
from Okinawa.
This species is very common throughout the East Indies and the
equatorial islands of Polynesia as far as Hawaii. It is represented in
our collection by one large example from Nafa, in Okinawa, collected
by Y. Koneyama. There is no other record from Japan.
(uculeatus, bearing spines or needles.)
6. CANTHIDERMIS Swainson.
Canthidermis Swatyson, Classn. Anim., 1839, II, p. 325 (angulosus=maculatus).
This genus differs from a/istes chiefly in having the gill opening
surrounded by ordinary scales, there being no developed bony scutes
behind it. Body much more elongate than in Lalistes ; dorsal spines
3; dorsal and anal elevated in front; caudal with its angles acute; scales
moderate, not very rough; scales of caudal peduncle unarmed, or with
a medium spine; cheeks completely scaled; a naked groove before eye.
Species inhabiting both Indies.
(axavda, spine; Oépua, skin, the word, as usual, misspelled by
Swainson.)
8. CANTHIDERMIS ROTUNDATUS (Procé).
Balistes rotundatus Proct, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1822, p. 180; Manila (‘‘D. IIT. 26,
A, 21. Seales equal; tail unarmed, brown with black spots.’’)
Balistes azureus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, I, 1824, p. 121, pl. x, fig. 2.
? Balistes angulosus Quoy and GAimarD, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 210.
Balistes oculatus Gray, Hardwicke’s Ilustr. Ind. Zool. Fish., 1832, pl. vi, fig. 1;
India.—BteeKkerr, Atlas Ichth. Balist., 1865-69, p. 121, pl. tv, fig. 2.
?? Balistes adspersus Tscuupti, Fauna Peruana, 1846, p. 31; Peru.
Balistes senticosus RicHArpson, Voy. Samarang, Fish., 1850, p. 28, pl. rx, figs. 5-8;
China Sea.
Balistes maculatus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., 1870, VIII, p. 214; Cape of Good Hope,
Pinang, Borneo, Sandalwood Island, China, Japan (in part, not of Bloch,
whose type came from the West Indies).—Day, Fish, India, p. 687, 1878, pl.
CLXXXVI, fig. 3; Madras.
B. 1V.. .D: ITL.. 26 or 27; P.15; A. 24 or 25: C. 49: seales 46tano:
L. tr. 28; length of head 33 to 4; of caudal fin 63 to 7, height of body
23 to 3 in total length; eye 2 to 24 diameters from end of snout and 2
apart. A groove in front of eye. Teeth uneven, notched. First
dorsal fin commences above gill opening, its anterior spine strong and
nearly 4 as long as head; ventral spine usually movable; posterior edge
of caudal convex or undulated; second dorsal and anal high anteriorly,
especially in adults. Cheeks entirely scaled; no osseous scutes behind
gill opening. Scales rough and granulated, but without spines or
prominent tubercles, except in the immature. Bluish black young
examples are covered with numerous light blotches, more especially
on lower half of body, these spots are less numerous and larger in
adults; dorsal spines black; eyes hazel. Indian and Pacific oceans.
It is very common at Madras, attaining at least 16 inches in length.
no. 1287. JAPANESE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 261
This species is common in the East Indies, and one (Day) young
example has been recorded by Dr. Giinther from Japan, probably from
the Riukiu Islands. The proper specific name is uncertain, as the oldest
specific name in this group, Canthidermis maculatus, belongs to an
American species. The earliest name applicable seems to he rotundatus
applied by Manon de Procé to a specimen from Manila. The species
must be rare or casual in Japan. No examples were taken.
(rotundatus, rounded.)
Family IU. MONACANTHID.
FILE FISHES.
Body much compressed, covered with very small rough scales, form-
ing a rough or velvety covering; males sometimes with spines on the
caudal peduncle; these either robust or needle-like. Upper jaw with
a double series of incisor-like teeth, 6 in the outer and 4 in the inner
series; lower jaw with 6 similar teeth in a single series; first dorsal
with a single strong spine and generally a rudimentary one behind it;
second dorsal long, similar to anal; ventral fins reduced to a single
osseous, fixed or movable, small appendage at the end of the long
pelvic bone; this appendage often rudimentary or entirely absent; no
barbel; vertebrae 7+ 11 to 14=18 to 21. Herbivorous shore fishes of
the warm seas, closely allied to the Ba/istide, differing chiefly in hay-
ing the first dorsal represented by a single spine, behind which is
sometimes a rudiment; scales small, spinigerous, the skin mostly rough
velvety. The species are mostly small in size and are not used for
food, having little flesh and that ofa bitterish taste, containing poison-
ous alkaloids producing the disease known as C/guatera.
a. Pubic bone with a small spine at its end; gill opening short, nearly vertical; dor-
sal and anal moderate, each of less than 40 rays.
b. Pelvic spine movable, dorsal spine with two series of retrorse barbs, the posterior
pointing downward and backward.
e. Abdominal flap developed into a broad fan supported by branched rays and
extending far beyond the pelvic spine.......-..........--- Monacanthus, 7.
cc. Abdominal flap little developed, extending little beyond the pelvic spine,
PUG EWEN: MICONSHICUOUS TAY Ss: “2.22.2 Sas Sass oe ws sae Stephanolepis, 8.
bb. Pelvic spine fixed; dorsal spine with strong barbs behind, with usually smaller
barbs in front.
d. Body oblong and elliptical; depth of body less than half length to base of
caudal; dorsal and anal usually with more than 30 rays each.
Pseudomonacanthus, 9.
dd. Body short and deep; depth of body more than half length to base of
caudal; dorsal and anal relatively short...............-.. Rudarius, 10.
aa. Pelvic bone without spine at its end.
e. Dorsal and anal short, each of less than 30 rays, body rather plump.
J. Body subcircular; dorsal spine rough, without barbs, inserted over the
ENON ae ea BA er RSS tee ae REO NM eg Wot 2 Brachaluteres, V1.
Jf. Body oblong; dorsal spine smooth, enveloped in skin, adnate to the
back, and inserted behind eye ---.....-..-..------- Paraluteres, 12.
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
ee. Dorsal and anal very long, each of 36 to 50 rays; body lean and strongly
compressed; dorsal spine without barbs; gill opening long, oblique.
g. Dorsal spine feeble, inserted over the eye; dorsal rays about 45.
h. Caudal fin short, subtruncate, anterior profile convex - . Alutera, 18.
hh. Caudal fin elongate, rounded, or lanceolate; anterior profile con-
cave; the snout very longee sass -eeeee se Se eee Osbeckia, 14.
gg. Doral spine straight, inserted well in advance of eye; dorsal rays
BHOUt AS S05 3 a ee ae oat Se eae Pseudaluteres, 15.
7. MONACANTHUS Cuvier.
Monacanthus Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., 1817, p. 152 (chinensis. )
Body short and deep, very strongly compressed, covered with minute,
rough scales, the anterior profile more or less concave. Mouth very
small; upper jaw with a double series of incisor-like teeth, usually 6 in
the outer and 4 in the inner series; lower jaw with about 6 incisors in
a single series; teeth connivent, unequal; gill opening a small slit,
shorter than the eye, and just in front of upper edge of pectoral. Dorsal
spine large, armed with 2 series of retrorse barbs, and no conspicuous
filaments; second dorsal and anal fins similar to each other, of about 25
to 35 rays each; caudal fin moderate, rounded; pelvic bone with a blunt,
movable spine, the bone connected to the abdomen by a moyable flap,
or dewlap, of very great size, extending far beyond the body, like a fin,
and supported by branched flexible rays, resembling fin rays; side of
tail often with a patch of spines, especially in the males. Vertebrze
7+ 11 to 14 = 18 toY1. Species few, in warm seas, reaching a mod-
erate size. All are lean fishes, with leathery skin, and bitter flesh
unsuitable for flood.
(mOvos, one: akavéa, spine.)
9. MONACANTHUS CHINENSIS (Osbeck).
Balistes chinensis OspEcK, Iter Chinensis, 1757, p. 147; China.—B tocn, Ichthyol.,
II, 1787, p. 29, in later editions pl. Lu, fig. 1; China.
Monacanthus chinensis, Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., p. 152, 1817 (name only ).—
BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., V, 1865-69, p. 125, pl. ccxxtt, fig. 2.—Ginrner, Cat.
Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 236; China, Pinang, Singapore, Shanghai.
Balistes sinensis GMELIN, Syst. Ichth., I, 1788, p. 1470 (after Bloch).
Monacanthus geographicus (‘‘Péron’’), Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., 1829, p.
373; Pinang.—Canror, Malayan Fishes, 1850, p. 347; Pinang, Singapore.
Monacanthus cantoris BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., ITI, 1852, p. 80 (after Cantor).
Balistes granulosus Gronow, Syst., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 34; Indian Seas.
Head 32; depth 2 at origin of dorsal. D. 1. 32; A. 31. Body com-
pressed, deep, and covered with small scales; very rough. Head deep,
the upper profile concave; snout produced upward, 14 in head; eye
high, small, 43 in head, 33 in snout, 14 in interorbital space, equal to
space between its lower margin and upper edge of gill opening, and
14 in the gill opening; mouth smail, high, and level with the upper
part of the gill opening; lips smooth, thick, and fleshy; teeth strong
y
85
4
i
no.1287. JAPANHSE TRIGGER-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 263
ad
and 1 very slightly emarginate: jaws “subequal: interorbital space very
high and rounded; gill opening below eye oblique, its lower end in
advance of the base of the pectoral and with a narrow fleshy flap.
Spinous dorsal over the eye and posterior, rough, moderately thick,
and with a series of large antrorse spines on oo side; its origin
nearer the tip of the snout than the origin of the soft dorsal; back
with a triangular elevation, the apex the origin of the soft dorsal, and
the origin of the anal falls a little behind this and below; dorsal and
anal with their middle rays elevated; caudal deep, the middle rays
long and the edge rounded; pectoral short and bluntly rounded, and
equal to space between the lower margin of the eye and the lower
edge of gill opening; ventral spine rough, a small spine on each side
at base, movable, and a little longer than the eyes; abdomen behind
ventral spine, between it and anus, developed into a long flap extend-
ing out from the body, beyond the ventral spine as far as the anal
rays do themselves, and supported by very numerous, long, slender,
cartilaginous stays resembling fin rays. Lower ventral region very
roughly striated toward the ventral fin on each side; caudal peduncle
very rough, the tubercles enlarged and less numerous posteriorly,
where there are two series of large spines curved outward and for-
ward with 3 in each series.
Color of the body brown; 4 dark bars across the dorsal spine; soft
dorsal with several narrow, wavy, longitudinal, blackish bars, the
marginal portion with many small round light spots; anal with series
of narrow, wavy, longitudinal, blackish bars, forming a network on
the outer portion of the fin; caudal with many narrow blackish vertical
bars over 3 dark bars, the outermost the darkest; pectoral plain; sides
at the ventral region and at the base of the ventral fin blackish, the
flap itself marked with narrow, wavy, blackish, netted bars. Total
length 10,°; inches. Our description is from a specimen obtained for
us at Hongkong by Capt. William Finch, of the steamer Gae/ic.
This species, very common on the coast of China from north China
to Singapore, occurs in the Riukiu Islands and perhaps also in Japan.
It is well figured in Bleeker’s Atlas.
8. > bE PHANOLE PIS {Gil
Stephanolepis GiLL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1861, p. 78 (setifer).
This genus, which includes the larger number of species of J/ona-
canthidxe, differs from Monacanthus in the little extension of the
ventral flap, which does not form a dewlap and extends little beyond
the ventral spine even in the adult. The surface of the flap is rough,
with modified scales, but internal rays do not appear without dissec-
tion. Caudal peduncle usually without spines. The species are found
in the warmer waters of both Asia and America.
(orégavos, crown; A€ézis, scale.)
264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
a. Body comparatively deep, the depth in the adult about 13 in the length.
6. Dorsal and anal rays about 34; dorsal fin in adult with the second soft ray
much produced; none of the caudal rays produced; sides with several rather
faint horizontal interrupted dark bars................-----.---- cirrhifer, 10.
bb. Dorsal rays 27 or 28; depth 13 in length; scales very rough; no cirri on the fins;
color; clouded: brown!
no. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 297
fuk
Family PLOCEIDZ.
MUNIA SEMISTRIATA Hume.
[Munia] semistriata Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1874, p. 257 (IKkamorta, Nicobars).
Seven specimens, representing Kamorta, Trinkut, Tillanchone, and
= ’ >
Car Nicobar.
‘*Common in the islands with open grass lands. Not met with on
the southern islands, which are covered with dense forest. Goes
about in small flocks of six to ten.”
Family MOTACILLID 2.
BUDYTES FLAVA (Linnzus.)
[ Motacilla] flava Linn mus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 185 (Europe).
Three specimens, all from Trinkut.
**Common on Trinkut and Kamorta, frequenting the open grass
lands and the shore.”
ANTHUS, species.
** Kloss shot one on Kamorta.” No specimens were sent. Hume
records Anthus cervinus from this island.
Family NECTARINIID 2.
ZETHOPYGA NICOBARICA Hume.
Atthopyga nicobarica Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1873, p. 412 (Kondul and Meroe,
south Nicobars. )
**Only met with on Great and Little Nicobar. It was commonest
at Pulo Kunyi and other places on the west coast of Great Nicobar.”
It appears to be confined to the southern islands of the group; Hume
met with it only on Kondul and Meroe. The femaie is without a trace
of red on the throat, as Oates has predicted. Females have a total
length (in the flesh) of 111 mm.; males are slightly larger, measuring
from 116 to 122 mm. ‘‘Feet dark fleshy brown; bill dark horn
brown above, paie horny brown beneath.” A series of ten skins, from
Great and Littie Nicobar.
ARACHNECHTHRA KLOSSI, new species.
Type.—Adult male, No. 178787, U.S.N.M.; Great Nicobar, March
9, 1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Upper parts (except forehead and ante-
rior part of crown), including sides of neck, ear-coverts, and lesser
wing-coverts, olive green, darker on the upper tail-coverts; wings,
clove brown, most of the feathers (except those of primary coverts)
edged with olive green; tail, black, the middle feathers narrowly edged
? Fauna Brit. India (Birds), II, 1890, p. 350.
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
with metallic green, the three outer pairs with white tips, the outermost
with white extending along outer web for about 14 mm.; the next two
pairs very narrowly tipped (about 1 mm. only). Forehead, fore part
of crown and throat, metallic purple, bordered on sides (including
cheeks) and chest with metallic blue; just below the blue of chest, lat-
erally, are a few burnt umber feathers. Breast, abdomen, sides of
body, and under tail-coverts, lemon yellow; flanks, pale olive green;
thighs, dusky brown, yellowish on inner aspect; axillars, cadmium
vellow; longest under wing-coverts, white; lesser feathers, pale yellow;
feathers of outer edge of under wing-coverts dusky, with yellowish
tips. Length (fresh), 114 mm.; wing, 51; tail, 33; tarsus, 15; cul-
men, 18.5 (bill, from gape, 23). Other males have a wing measure-
ment of 52 to 53 mm., and a total length of 108 to 117.5 mm.
This species differs from A. pectoralis in being slightly larger; there
is less white on the outer tail feathers, and the lower part of the throat
and chest is metallic blue instead of purpie. The upper surface is
somewhat darker than in A. pectoral/s. **Common on all the islands
visited. Breeding in February and March; we found the nests on
Katchal, Great and Little Nicobar, generally in mangroves overhanging
the creeks.”
Seventeen specimens from the following islands: Car Nicobar,
Trinkut, Tillanchong, Great and Little Nicobar.
ARACHNECHTHRA ANDAMANICA Hume.
Arachnechthra andamanica Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1873, p. 404 (Andamans).
**Common at South Andaman and Cinque.”
Eight specimens from the above islands. Length of males (six
individuals) in the flesh, 114 to 118 mm.
Family PITTID2.
PITTA ABBOTTI, new species.
Type.—Adult male, No. 178566, U.S.N.M.; Great Nicobar, March 30,
1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Closely related to P. cucullata,' but darker
above and below, with lighter blue upper tail- and wing-coverts; a
dark median line on crown; white patch on primaries much smaller
and confined to six feathers instead of seven. 7. abbottc is also smalier.
Length, 184 mm.; wing, 110; tail, 39; tarsus, 39.5; culmen, 22 (bill,
from gape 27). Other males have a wing measurement of from 103
to 105 mm.
‘Tris dark brown; bill black, gape pale orange; feet pale brownish
fleshy.” Hume?” saw several Pittas on Great Nicobar, which he
'For permission to examine two Malacca specimens of P. cucullata in the Elliot
collection I am indebted to the authorities of the American Museum of Natural
History.
*Stray Feathers, II, 1874, p. 220.
aa de abla a 2 dt a tale he i ata tliat OO tat ih nat ale ii ak lil ii is
ath ab Neve ON,
Sub dy a ea
]
7
4
4
no. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 299
|
| thought to be P. moluccensis. Dr. Abbott has now obtained seven
specimens, two of which were caught in traps set for small mammals.
‘*Common in Great and Little Nicobar. Like most Pittas it is
rather difficult to obtain. I caught two in rat traps. Am not sure it
is identical with the typical P. cucullata.”
Family PICIDA.
: DRYOBATES ANDAMANENSIS (Blyth).
Picus andamanensis Buyrn, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X XIX, 1859, p. 412, note
(Port Blair, South Andaman).
One adult female, from Bumila Creek, Little Andaman.
‘** Upper mandible dark horn brown, lower mandible leaden. Also
seen at Lawrence Island and South Andaman.”
Length in the flesh, 190.5 mm.
THRIPONAX HODGEI (Blyth).
M{ulleripicus| hodgei Buyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X XIX, 1860, p. 105 ( Port
Blair, South Andaman).
A pair from Henry Lawrence Island.
‘* Heard at South Andaman. Iris yellow.”
Length of male, 400 mm.: of female, 384 mm.
Family CORACIIDZ.
EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS (Linnzus).
[ Coracias] orientalis Linnmvs, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 159 (India oriental).
One female from South Andaman. Length, 301.5 min.
** Tris dark brown. No others were seen.”
Family MEROPID4.
MEROPS PHILIPPINUS Linnzus.
[ Merops] philippinus Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Pt. 1, 1766, p. 183, [errata]
(Philippines).
**Common in the open lands and scrub jungle on Kamorta.” ‘Three
males were obtained on this island.
A_ bird identified by Dr. Abbott as a species of J/erops was shot but
lost on South Andaman.
Family ALCEDINID ®.
ALCEDO ISPIDA BENGALENSIS (Gmelin).
[ Alcedo] bengalensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 450 ( Bengal).
Met with on all the islands Nic obars @xXce pt Car Nico yaAY, and even
D2
4 oe
—" =.
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
Four specimens, are included in the collection, from Tillanchong,
Great and Little Nicobar. The differences mentioned by Hume? are
not very plainly shown in this series.
CEYX TRIDACTYLA (Pallas).
Alcedo tridactyla PALLAs, Spice. Zool., Pt. 6, 1769, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 1.
‘Common in Great and Little Nicobar, not met with elsewhere.
Frequents the heavy forest, often at a distance from water, but is
commonest along small streams.”
Ten examples, all from Great Nicobar. In color they resemble birds
from the Mergui Archipelago, but are of somewhat greater dimensions
(wing from 57 to 62 mm.).
PELARGOPSIS INTERMEDIA Hume.
[ Pelargopsis| intermedius Humr, Stray Feathers, II, 1874, p. 166 (Kondui,
Nicobars).
‘*Common among the mangroves and along the seashore in Great
and Little Nicobar. Do not think it is found in the other islands, as
we searched carefully for it and did not meet with it, although it is a
very conspicuous and noisy bird.”
Five specimens, all females, from the two islands above mentioned,
‘Tris, dark brown; eyelids and feet red.”
The total length, in fresh birds, varies from 362 to 3887 mm.
HALCYON SATURATIOR Hume.
[ Halcyon] saturatior Hume, Stray Feathers, I], 1874, p. 168. (Port Blair, South
Andaman).
Four specimens, all from South Andaman, where it is reported to
be **common.” In two of the specimens the stomachs were found to
contain the remains of small fish.
‘** Bill red, blackish at base above; eyelids, red; iris, brown; toes,
red, front of tarsi and top of toes blackish.”
Individuals vary in length from 292 to 305 mm.
HALCYON PILEATUS (Boddaert).
Alcedo pileata Bopparrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 41 (China).
‘**Met with on all of the islands |Nicobars], but apparently not very
common, except in Great Nicobar, where it was numerous along the
Galathea River.”
A single individual was reported as seen on Barren Island,
Andamans.
Two specimens were preserved.
1Stray Feathers, I, 1874, p. 173.
no.1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. d501
HALCYON DAVISONI Sharpe.
Halcyon davisoni Swarr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X VIT, 1892, p. 282 (Andamans).
**Common at South Andaman and Lawrence Island.”
Six specimens, from Cinque Islands and South Andaman.
The females have no buff on the under parts; an immature male,
however, has a buffy wash on the flanks.
Two of the specimens had in their stomachs the remains of small
fish and crabs.
HALCYON OCCIPITALIS (Blyth).
Todiramphus occipitalis Buyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 28, note
(Nicobars).
** Found in all the islands visited, commonest in the northern and
central groups, less plentiful in Great and Little Nicobar. It frequents
forest, clearings, and cocoanuts indiscriminately, and often found far
from water.”
Eighteen examples from various islands of the Nicobar group. All
of the females (seven skins) in this series are white below, having a
small patch of buff on the flanks only.
The total length, as noted on the labels, varies from 241 to 273 mm.
‘Tris brown; upper mandible black, lower white; feet greenish mauve,
claws black” (female).
Family MICROPODID2.
‘Swift. A large flock of swifts seen on Barren Island.”
Genus SALANGANA Isid. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire.
Salangana Grorrr. Sv.-Hinarre, L’ Echo du Monde Savant, III, 1837, p. 74.
Type, Hirundo esculenta Linnzeus.
Collocalia G. R. Gray, List Genera of Birds, 1840, p. 8.
Type, Hirundo esculenta Linneeus.
SALANGANA INEXPECTATA Hume.
[Collocalia] inexpectata Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1878, p. 296 (Button Island,
Andamans).
**Shot at Kamorta, seen occasionally on the other islands.” Three
specimens are in the collection, all from Kamorta. ‘* Iris brown; feet
_ brownish pink, claws black.” Length, 120.5 min.
SALANGANA LINCHI (Horsfield and Moore).
Collocalia linchi Horsrretp and Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. East India Co., I, 1854,
p- 100.
Six examples, all females, from Little Nicobar.
** Met with on all of the islands [Nicobars]. On Little Nicobar, near
the anchorage and water hole back of Pulo Milu, are some small
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. |
caves close to the seashore. These are inhabited by vast numbers of —
bats and a large colony of this swift. The largest cave was 60 feet
long by 5 feet broad and 7 to 10 high. The floor was deeply cov-
ered with guano. The nests were at the farther end, thickly clustered —
upon the roof and upper parts of the walls. The nests were often so
close to one another that the edges were adherent—three or four nests —
being stuck together in one mass.”
Family COCULID 2.
? SURNICULUS LUGUBRIS (Horsfield).
Cuculus lugubris Horsrietp, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII,-Pt. 1, May, 1821,
p. 179 (Java).
**A bird apparently of this species was shot in Katchal, but lost in
the dense jungle.”
? EUDYNAMIS HONORATA (Linnzus).
[ Cuculus] honoratus Lixnxus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Pt. 1, 1766, p. 169 (Malabaria).
Six specimens, from Car Nicobar and Barren Island. At the last-—
named locality it is ‘very common and feeds on fruit.” In three |
females the wings vary from 198 to 208 mm.; in the same number of }
males from 198 to 209.5 mm.
The males have a greenish gloss and the females are dark colored.
? EUDYNAMIS HONORATA MALAYANA Cabanis and Heine.
bbl Set il neces be Le
Eudynamis|] malayana CaBanits and Heine, Mus. Hein., IV, Pt. 1, 1862, p. 52
(Sunda Islands and Sumatra).
Five specimens, from Great and Little Nicobar.
**Common in all islands visited [both forms included]. Most proba-
bly lay their eggs in grackles (//u/abes) holes, as it was a very common
sight to see a female koel pursued by agrackle, both in a greatly excited
state, shrieking and screaming with rage. They are generally detested
by other birds. I think they also lay in nests of Carpophaga, as one —
could often call them up by imitating the deep hoarse coo of the fruit
pigeon.” 4
Two males from this series have wing measurements of 220.5 and
227.5 mm.; they are large and bluish compared with specimens from _
Barren Bean and Car N icobar, and the females are pale-colored. One
male from Little Nicobar is greenish in color, as in the individuals
referred above to /. honorata, it has a wing only 198 mm. in length. —
There appear to be two forms represented in the Andamans and
Nicobars, but our material is far too meager to allow of a satisfactory
disposition of the case, and I keep the birds apart here to direct atten- :
tion to the matter. j
ws Sti hi aca cel oo
tcc
Se ee eee
:
:
;
:
;
:
;
PRR et
rae
e
:
Ay
no.1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 308
Family PSITTACID.
PALAZORNIS MAGNIROSTRIS Ball.
P[aivornis] magnirostris Batt, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X LI, Pt. 2, 1872, p. 278
(Andamans).
**Common at Lawrence Island and South Andaman. Heard at Little
Andaman.” At the first-named locality it was numerous, *‘ flying
about in flocks of three or four to a dozen.”
Five specimens. ‘‘Iris pale lemon; bill red, tips of mandibles yel-
low; feet yellow to orange; eyelids orange.” Length of males varies
from 501.5 to 571.5 mm.; a female measures 458 mm.
PALAZEORNIS FASCIATUS (Miller).
Psittacus fasciatus MLLER, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 74 (Pondicherry).
“Common at all places visited [Andamans]. Visits the cultivated
district about Port Blair in large flocks, causing great damage to the
ripening paddy; large numbers are therefore killed annually.”
Several specimens, from Henry Lawrence Island, and South Anda-
man.
PALAZZORNIS CANICEPS Blyth.
Plalxornis] caniceps Buyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 23, note
(Nicobars).
**Common on Great and Little Nicobar. It goes about in smaller
flocks than the smaller species, generally keeping higher up in the
trees, and is harder to get. Usually there are only two or three
together. They are very noisy.”
Ten specimens, varying in length from 540 to 604 mm. in males, and
444.5 to 533.5 mm. in females.
‘Tris orange red; cere and lower mandible black; upper mandible
red; tip horny yellow; feet dull greenish leaden.”
PALAZORNIS NICOBARICA Gould.
Palxornis nicobaricus Goutp, Birds of Asia, VI, 1857, pl. vr (Nicobars).
‘This parrot was common upon all the islands | Nicobars|, generally
in flocks, sometimes of twenty or thirty individuals. Very fond of
fruit of the casuarina. Native name, 7i//eh.”
Twenty-six specimens, from Great, Little, and Car Nicobar, Kat-
chal, Trinkut, and Tillanchong. The males in this series vary from
431.5 to 489 mm.; the females from 368 to 450.5 mm.
The iris is said to have an inner green circle and an outer yellow
one; in some specimens it is noted as greenish white, yellowish white,
or pale yellow,
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
= PALZZEORNIS TYTLERI Hume.
P{alxornis] tytleri Hume, Stray Feathers, II, 1874, p. 454 (Andamans).
‘*Common on Lawrence Island and South Andaman.”
Three specimens from the aboye islands. Two females measured
309.5 and 343 mm. in the flesh; a male, 406.5 mm.
‘‘Tris: Inner circle green, outer circle yellow; feet Breen, cere green;
upper mandible red, lower black.”
LORICULUS VERNALIS (Sparrman).
Psittacus vernalis SpARRMAN, Mus. Carls., Pt. 2, 1787, No. XXJX.
‘*None shot. Seen and heard everywhere in the Nicobors.”
Family BUBONID A.
NINOX SCUTULATA (Raffles).
Strix scutulata RarruEs, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, Pt.. 2, 1822, p. 280
(Sumatra).
Three specimens.
A male from Car Nicobar measures 279.5 mm. It has a wing 206
mm. in length. Hume records a male from the same island with a
wing measurement of 213.5 mm., and a total length of 286 mm.
From Katchal we have a female measuring 286 mm., with a wing
barely 203 mm. Both of the above birds resemble in color those of
India.
A male from Little Nicobar is not only smaller, but differs very
much in color from the others. There is a fulvous suffusion of the
lower surface, the white bars of the sides and abdomen and the white
streaks on the breast being almost entirely obscured. The under tail-
coverts are white, spotted, and barred with brown. In total length
this specimen measures 273 mm.; the other dimensions are: Wing,
198; tail, 118; tarsus, 30; culmen, 20 mm. In this individual the iris
was deep yellow; feet pale yellow.
The stomachs of two of the specimens contained beetles.
Family FALCONID.
SPILORNIS KLOSSI, new species.
Type.—Adult male, No. 178429, U.S.N.M.; Pulo Kunyi, Great
Nicobar, March 20, 1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. General color above,
ine luding ereater wing-coverts, secondaries, and tertiaries, drab,’ with
a slight coppery sheen in certain lights, some of the fouthen (espe-
cially of the secondaries, tertiaries, and greater wing-coverts) with nar-
row white tips; nape and sides of neck Isabella color; Hp of head,
1Ridgway’s ramen latuss a Ooloee a II. aie pl. 11.
no. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 505
including long occipital feathers, black, the longer feathers with nar-
row tips of Isabella color; ear-coverts, cheeks, and malar region clear
smoke gray;' throat buffy white, with an indistinct median stripe of
smoke gray; breast buffy wood brown, becoming much paler on the
abdomen, sides, thighs, and under tail-coverts; lesser and middle wing-
coverts dark drab, prominently edged with white; axillaries and under
wing-coverts like the abdomen, the outer portion of the under wine-
coverts pale buffy white. Primaries black at the ends, some of the
inner ones with narrow white tips; base of the wings (from below)
white, the feathers with two dusky bars (only one bar on the outer-
most primaries). Tail light drab, with a broad black subterminal
band, and a second narrower one near the middle, less distinct on the
two inner pairs of feathers. Wing, 257 mm.; tail, 165; tarsus, 75;
culmen, 33. ‘* Length, 431.5. Iris yellow; cere, base of bill, and naked
skin on side of head, yellow. Bill, tip black, middle bluish.” This is
avery distinct species, and one of the smallest of the genus. It is
easily recognized by its unspotted underparts, gray patch on side of
head, and very small size. Ten of the eleven specimens sent by Dr.
Abbott are adult, and show the characters given in the above descrip-
tion. Some of them are a little darker below than the type, and in
several the throat is more or less gray. In one female, doubtless a
very old bird, the underparts are considerably darker than in the
type, and the lower breast and sides are faintly spotted with buff; the
lower sides and thighs are also narrowly barred with buffy wood
brown.
The immature bird differs from the adults in having buffy tips to
the feathers of the back, wing-coverts, top of head, and to the upper
tail-coverts; the wing feathers are tipped with white, the tail is less
prominently barred, and has three narrow bars instead of two. In
this specimen the iris was ‘‘ brownish gray; feet, dirty yellow; cere
and orbital skin, yellow, with a greenish tinge.”
The males measure (in the flesh) 419 to 431.5 mm.; two females
are 457 mm. The stomachs of those shot contained the remains of
lizards, rats, a small bird, and a pigeon (Chalcophaps indica).
This species is named in honor of Mr. C. Boden Kloss, who accom-
panied Dr. Abbott on his Nicobar and Andaman trip, and prepared
many of the specimens of the present collection. S. Aloss/ was found
only on Great Nicobar, where it was common and quite tame.
SPILORNIS MINIMUS Hume.
Spilornis minimus Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1873, p. 464 (Kamorta, Nicobars).
‘**One wounded but lost upon Trinkut, a pair shot on Kamorta, and
half a dozen shot on Katchal, where they were common. On Little
Nicobar we failed to secure any, although we saw several.”
1 Ridgway, pl. 1, No. 12.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 20
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The stomachs of three specimens contained the remains of lizards,
another had portions of a fowl, and one a small crab. The males
measure (in the flesh) 447.5 to 463.5 mm.; the females 457 and 470
mm. The Kamorta specimens are: Male, 470 mm.; female, 482.5
mm. The wings of the females measure 288 to 202 mm.; the males,
256.5 to 284.5 mm.
Most of the specimens were shot in dense ‘ungle.
SPILORNIS, species.
** Heard on South Andaman. None shot.”
HALIAZETUS LEUCOGASTER (Gmelin).
[ Falco] lewcogaster GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 1, 1788, p. 257.
‘Common along the sea-coast everywhere [Nicobars].” No speci-
mens were preserved.
ASTUR BUTLERI Gurney.
Astur butleri Gurney, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, 1898, p. xxvii (Car Nicobar).
Adult male. Length, 286 mm. ‘‘ Iris orange yellow; feet yellow,
claws black. Bill leaden, cere greenish. Stomach contained lizards.”
Adult female. Length, 317.5mm. ‘‘ Iris orange yellow; cere black, -.
bill black, leaden beneath at base; feet yellow, claws black. Shot in
heavy forest, where it appears to be common.” ‘This species was
found only on Car Nicobar, ‘‘ where it appeared to be pretty common
ina patch of heavy forest; not met with in the open ground or in the
scrub jungle. The place was a long way from the anchorage, and we
only visited it twice.” The male is very indistinctly barred below, and
the middle and outermost pairs of tail feathers are entirely unbarred;
‘the three pairs of rectrices next to the central ones have three bars.
The female is much more prominently marked below, and the middle
pair of rectrices has a subterminal black bar; the next three pairs have
four bars.
ASTUR OBSOLETUS, new species.
_Type.—Adult female, No. 178448, U.S.N.M.; Katchal Island,
Nicobars, February 18, 1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. General cofor of
upper parts (including middle and greater wing-coverts, secondaries,
and upper tail-coverts) gray', paler” on crown, nape, sides of neck,
cheeks, and ear-coverts; lesser wing-coverts slate gray, becommg
darker (slate color) on primary coverts and primaries, the latter being
black on the inner webs at the tips. Lores, an ill-defined stripe over
the eyes, throat, malar apex, thighs, abdomen, under wing- and tail-
coverts, and axillaries white; breast and sides white, with obsolete
bars of pale fawn color. Tail gray, narrowly tipped with white, the
middle and outer pairs of feathers without bands, the others with five
1Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, pl. u, No. 8. Idem, No. 10.
no. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 307
indistinct bars, more prominent on the inner webs. Inner webs of
primaries and secondaries (except at tips) white, obscurely mottled
with dusky. Wing, 192 mm.; tail, 157 mm.; tarsus, 52 mm.; culmen,
21.5 mm.; length, 330 mm. ‘Iris dark crimson; feet yellow; bill
blackish at tip, horn blue at base; cere greenish; eyelids gr
Stomach contained lizards.” A second female measured 343 min.
‘Tris crimson!! Stomach contained insects. Shot in dense jungle.”
A third individual, also a female, has a total length of 343 mm.
‘Tris red. Stomach contained lizards.” This specimen has traces of
immaturity in some black-tipped ferruginous feathers on sides of neck
and on the scapulars.
This interesting hawk closely resembles A. butler’ above, but is
paler on the nape and sides of head; it differs also in the indistinct
white superciliary line and white lores and throat. Below it resem-
bles A. butler? in pattern, but with the reddish color on breast almost
entirely absent. In A. obso/etus the irides are crimson; in A. budleri
and allies they are orange or yellow.
Dr. Abbott saw five or six others on Katehal, but did not obtain them.
“The bird called up easily, but generally lit so close to one that it was
not desirable to shoot, and at the slightest movement they were off,
and all were in dense jungle. In Kamorta I saw a small hawk which
seemed like A. butler?, but failed to secure it.”
This Kamorta hawk will doubtless prove to be A. obsoletus.
eenish.
ASTUR SOLOENSIS (Horsfield).
Falco soloénsis Horsrietp, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, Pt. 1, May, 1821,
p. 137 (Java).
Twelve specimens, from Katchal, Great and Little Nicobar. The
total length, in fresh birds, is noted as 273 to 208.5 mm. ‘The iris is
stated to be ‘* brown” or ‘dark brown” in the males, and ** lemon yel-
orange” in ‘the females; those in an immature male were
ee
low” to
‘*brownish orange.”
The individuals of this series vary greatly in the amount of ferrugi-
nous on the breast, but several of them are identical with a specimen
from Korea.
‘“A smail hawk, which may be this species, was first obtained in
Katchal in dense forest. We afterwards found it common in Great
and Little Nicobar. They ‘called up’ easily.”
Von Pelzeln records a hawk under this name from Car Nicobar,
which may possibly have been A. butleri
FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunstall.
[ Falco] peregrinus Tunstaut, Orn. Britannica, 1771, p. 1 (Great Britain).
One adult male, from Kamorta.
‘Shot near a small jheel, where it had just made a dash at a flock of
teal [Dendrocygna javanica). Iris dark brown.” Length, 416 mm.
308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXYV.
Family TRERONIDA.
OSMOTRERON CHLOROPTERA (Blyth).
Tr[eron] chloroptera Buytu, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XIV, Pt. 2, 1845 (1846),
p. 852 (Nicobars).
‘*Common on all of the islands visited.”
There are eight specimens in the collection, from Trinkut, Nankauri,
Tillanchong, Little and Great Nicobar.
Length varies from 317.5 to 333 mm. in males, and 305 to 324 mm.
in females. ‘* Feet dull purple; bill pale leaden, greenish at base and
on cere; iris, inner circle blue, outer one pink.”
OSMOTRERON CHLOROPTERA ANDAMANICA, new subspecies.
Type.—Adult female, No. 178813, U.S.N.M.; Macpherson Strait,
South Andaman, January 15,1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Simiiar to O.
chloroptera (Blyth), from the Nicobars, but rather smaller, colors
somewhat darker above and below; breast and sides deeper yellowish
ereen, and under tail-coverts more yellowish; the throat is yellower
than in QO. chloroptera. Wing, 165 mm.; tail, 91; tarsus, 26; culmen,
20. Length, 292mm. ‘* Bill leaden, cere and base of bill greenish.”
Another female measures: Wing, 168 mm.; tail, 98; tarsus, 26.5;
culmen, 20. Length, 317.5 mm.
Three females of O. chloroptera measure:
Wing. | Tail. Tarsus. | Culmen.
|
nim. mm. min. niin.
175 99 8 328 | 20
171 98 25 18
170.5 95 24.5 | 20
The new form is ‘‘common at South Andaman.”
CARPOPHAGA ZENEA (Linnzus).
[Columba] «nea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Pt. 1, 1766, p. 283 (Moluccas).
One specimen, an adult male, from Rutland Island, Andamans.
‘‘Observed at South Andaman, Cinque, and Little Andaman. A num-
ber seen at Barren Island. Iris crimson.” Length, 431.5 mm.
CARPOPHAGA INSULARIS Blyth.
Clarpophaga] insularis Buyru, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, X XVII, 1858, p. 270
(Nicobars) ; a nomen nudum here.
‘¢Common on all these islands [Nicobars]. On Tiilanchong and Trin-
kut they were remarkably tame; we easily shot them with the .32-cal.
auxiliary barrels. They, with the megapodes, formed our staple diet
in the Nicobars until we loathed the sight of them. The iris iscrimson.”
No. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. BOD
Males vary in length from 425.5 to 470 mm.; females measure 431.5
to457mm. The weight of a male is noted as 13 pounds. Thirty-four
specimens were collected.
Blyth’s name znsularis as usually quoted is a nomen nudum, but Tam
at present unable to give a more satisfactory reference. Von Pelzeln’s
term nicobarica' may have to be used for this species, but for the present
I prefer to retain /nswlar/s, as Blyth had a very careless way of institut-
ing new names and it is not improbable that an earlier reference will
be found. He was aware of a Nicobar form as early as 1849.°
MYRISTICIVORA BICOLOR (Scopoli).
Columba (bicolor) Scopou1, Del. Flor. Faun. Insub., II, 1786, p. 94 (“nova
Guiana’’).
One specimen each from Kamorta, Trinkut, Little and Car Nicobar.
‘‘Less common than the last in the northern islands, but very
plentiful in the southern. At Little Nicobar large numbers used to
roost on the islets of Trak and Treis, six or seven miles distant, and
fly over every morning to Little Nicobar.”
Also reported as seen at Barren Island, in the Andamans.
CALCENAS NICOBARICA (Linnzus).
[Columba] nicobarica Lixnmus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 164 (Nicobars).
‘* Met with on all the islands [Nicobar group], but by far most plenti-
ful upon Great Nicobar.”
Nine specimens, from Katchal, Great and Little Nicobar. The
females range from 355.5 to 368.5 mm. in total length; the males,
381 mm.
CHALCOPHAPS INDICA (Linnzus).
[Columba] indica Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 164 (India orien-
tali).
‘¢Not seen on Car Nicobar, but common elsewhere.”
Four specimens from Tillanchong, Katchal, Trinkut, and Great
Nicobar. These measure, in the flesh, from 260 to 275 mm.
ALSOCOMUS PALUMBOIDES (Hume).
Carpophaga palumboides Wumn, Stray Feathers, I, 1878, p. 302 (Port Mouat,
South Andaman).
No specimens were obtained, but Mr. Kloss had a shot at one in the
Nicobars.
MACROPYGIA RUFIPENNIS Blyth.
Macropygia rufipennis Buyra, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 371 (South-
ern Nicobars).
‘Not met with at Car Nicobar, but found on all the other islands.
Most common on Katchal, where all those we shot had been feeding
1Noyara exped., Vogel, 1865, p. 105. 7 See Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., p. 231.
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
upon chillies (small red peppers) that had escaped from cultivation.
Did not see many on Great Nicobar. Those in Katchal were mostly
about the open ground and in the cocoanuts. The iris is composed of
two rings, the inner one white or blue, the outer one crimson; the
orbital skin is blue; feet dull red; bill dark horn brown, cere paler.”
Eight specimens, from Kamorta, Katchal, Tillanchong, and Great
Nicobar.
Males have a total length of 394 to 425.5 mm.; females, 390.5 mm.
Family PHASIANID.
EXCALFACTORIA TRINKUTENSIS, new species.
Type.—Adult female, No. 178575, U.S.N.M.; Trinkut Island, Nico-
bars, February 4, 1901; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Similar to the female of
L. chinensis, but general coloration darker and richer; ground color
of feathers of the back, scapulars, and sides of neck grayish, instead
of brown; forehead, a broad superciliary band, cheeks and throat, fawn
color,’ paler on chin; entire underparts, except throat, barred. In the
female of /. chinensis the abdomen is buffy white, unmarked; with
this exception the pattern of coloration in the two forms is the same.
Wing, 65 mm., tail, 22, tarsus, 24.5, culmen, 10. Length, 133.5.
‘*Feet yellow.”
One specimen only was collected, although reported as ‘‘common in
the open grass lands of Trinkut and Kamorta.”
Family MEGAPODID.
MEGAPODIUS NICOBARIENSIS Blyth.
Megapodius nicobariensis Buyra, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, XV, 1846, p. 52
( Nicobars).
**Common in all the islands except Car Nicobar; whether it exists
here we could not find out. We did not see any, but Solomans, the
Madrasee catechist, said he had seen some in the heavy forest north of
Kemios, and near the middle of the island. The natives gave con-
tradictory accounts. We first met with them at Tillanchong, where
at first we thought they were scarce, but they proved to be very com-
mon. Many of their nest mounds were on a sandy strip by the sea
shore. The largest mound was 30 feet in diameter and 8 feet high,
composed almost entirely of sand, with very few dead leaves. The
temperature in the interior is much raised and feels hot to the hand,
when one is engaged in digging out the eggs. This was an exception-
ally large mound, and, having seen hundreds of mounds since that,
should say the average diameter is 10 to 15 feet and 4 feet high.
The megapodes are not exactly shy, but they are difficult to shoot,
=
'Ridgway’s Nomenclature of Colors, pl. m1, no. 22.
Oe ee ee ee eee Te eee ee Ue
to
.
xo. 1288. ANDAMAN AND ‘NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 311
in most places,as the jungle is so dense. Afterwards, in the dense
forest in Katchal and in Great and Little Nicobar where the jungle is
more open, we easily obtained all we wanted.
At first we thought Megapodes delicious eating, but we soon got
tired of them. Their excrement is very foul, owing to their animal
(insect and land shell) diet. The eggs are excellent when fresh.
A writer in the Government Gazette (of Port Blair) speaks of the
impending extermination of the Megapodes from the practice of the
natives robbing the nest mounds. There is not the slightest danger
of this. Many of the mounds are in impenetrable jungles. The natives
are but few and dying out rapidly in the southern and middle groups.
The coast people are well-nigh extinct in Great and Little Nicobar.
Even where the mounds are visited, all the eggs are not found, and
the mounds exist in hundreds. Even on Pilu Milu, a very small island
off Little Nicobar, there are plenty of Megapodes and mounds, and the
island 1s and has always been inhabited.”
Twenty-five specimens, from various islands, show little variation.
in total length males vary from 381 to 400 mm. ; females from 374.5
to 409.5 mm. Females weighed 30 ounces to 24 pounds (the latter
being the one 409.5 mm. in length).
The fresh colors are noted as follows: ‘‘ Eyelids red; sides of head
vermilion; skin of throat pale mauve pink; iris clear brown; Dill
greenish horn; legs dull reddish, brown in front; soles dull ochra-
ceous, claws black.”
A female obtained on Tillanchong was ‘*shot while digging a hole
for its egg in the nest mound. The mound was situated just within
the edge of the jungle by the seashore, and had several small cocoanut
trees growing upon it. The dimensions of the mound were 8 feet
high and 30 feet in diameter. It was composed almost entirely of
sand, few leaves apparently. This bird’s mateswas shot a few moments
previously on top of the same mound.” The native name of the Mega-
pode is ‘* Kongah.”
In addition to a good series of the birds, Dr. Abbott sent over 30
eves.
Family TURNICID.
TURNIX ALBIVENTRIS Hume.
Tlurnix] albiventris Hume, Stray Feathers, I, 1873, p. 310 (Port Mouat,
South Andaman).
‘Common in Kamorta, in the open grass.”
One adult male, from the above island. ‘‘ Feet pale yellow brown;
bill dark horn brown, yellow at base beneath.” Length, 158.5 mm.
$12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
os ee
Family RALLIDZ.
HYPOTANIDIA OBSCURIOR Hume.
[Hypotenidia] obscuriora Humn, Stray Feathers, II, 1874, p. 302 (Andamans).
Two were *‘ seen, and one shot on a patch of coarse grass by the sea-
shore on South Andaman. One was seen on Little Andaman.” Length
of an adult female, 266.5 mm.
A dark-colored rail was seen on Kamorta, in the Nicobar group, and
thought by Dr. Abbott to be of this or a closely related species.
AMAURORNIS INSULARIS Sharpe.
Amaurornis insularis SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIII, 1894, p. 162 (Anda-
mans and Nicobars).
An adult male, ** shot at the hot spring” in Barren Island, measures
326.5 mm. ‘Tris umber; bill pale green, base of upper mandible
orange brown.”
In the Nicobars it is reported to be ‘*¢ommon on all the islands, in
dry jungle as well as in swampy ground.”
Specimens were sent from Great Nicobar, Trinkut, Katchal, and
Tillanchong. An adult from the last-named island measures 343 mm.
“Tris reddish brown; feet yellow; bill @reenish yellow, part between
the eyes and nostrils orange-vermilion.”
Family G2DICNEMID®.
ORTHORHAMPHUS MAGNIROSTRIS (Vieillot) .
(Edicnemus magnirostris Vrzrtuor, Nouy. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XXIII, 1818, p. 231.
“A single pair seen at North Cinque.”
One female, from the above island. This measures 520.5 mm.
‘Iris yellow; feet pale yellowish, claws dark horn brown.”
Family DROMADID.®.
DROMAS ARDEOLA Paykull.
Dromas ardeola Payxuin, K. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XX VI, 1805, p. 188, pl. via
(East Indies’) .
No specimens collected. ‘Two were seen in Katchal, and twice
large flocks were seen in Great Nicobar.”
Family SCOLOPACID A.
NUMENIUS ARQUATUS (Linnezus).
[Scolopax] arquata Linn evs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 145 (Europe).
No specimens preserved. Noted as “seen in Katchal and Great
Nicobar.”
No. 1288. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLAND BIRDS—RICHMOND. 313
NUMENIUS PHAZOPUS (Linnzus).
[Scolopax] pheopus Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 146 (Europe).
Five skins; three from Nankauri and two from Kamorta. The
length, in fresh birds, ranges from 438 to 444.5 mm.
‘Common among the mangroves in all of the islands; many seen at
West Bay, Katchal.”
It was also observed at South Andaman.
ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnzus).
[Tringa] hypoleucos Linn.nus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Pt. 1, 1758, p. 149 (Europe).
One male, collected at MacPherson strait, South Andaman. It is
reported as ‘‘common along the seashore” in both the Andamans and
Nicobars. .
TOTANUS TOTANUS EURHINUS Oberholser.
Totanus totanus eurhinus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1900, p. 207
(Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak).
Two males, from Kamorta and Car Nicobar. Total length, 265.5
and 279.5 mm.
‘Generally distributed.”
GALLINAGO, species.
‘© We several times flushed snipe on Trinkut—none shot.”
Family ARDEID.
? ARDEA MANILLENSIS (Meyen).
Ardea purpurea var. manillensis Meyen, Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol., XVI, suppl.,
p- 102.
‘A smaller heron [than A: swmatrana| with a rufous neck was sev-
eral times seen on Great Nicobar.”
ARDEA SUMATRANA Raffles.
Ardea sumatrana Ra¥FruEs, Trans. Linn. Soc. conds, Xan Pt. 221822" ps 320
(Sumatra).
None obtained.
‘One flushed in a jheel in Trinkut; also seen in Katchal and Great
Nicobar.”
BUBULCUS COROMANDUS (Boddaert).
Cancroma coromanda BoppaeErt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 54 (Coromandel).
An adult from Tillanchong.
DEMIGRETTA SACRA (Gmelin).
[Ardea] sacra GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 2, 1788, p. 640 (Tahiti).
‘Seen at South Andaman,” but no specimens were obtained. On
oe
the Nicobars it was ‘‘ generally to be seen along the seashore.”
ole PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
BUTORIDES SPODIOGASTER Sharpe.
Butorides spodiogaster SHarpPr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, III, 1894, p. xvii (Anda-
mans and Nicobars).
‘**Common in the mangroves everywhere” throughout the Nicobars.
An immature female was collected on Little Nicobar. This individual,
which is full grown, measured 450.5 mm. in the flesh.
ARDETTA SINENSIS (Gmelin).
[Ardea] sinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 2, 1788, p. 642 (China).
An adult female from Trinkut.
‘*Tris, yellow;” length, 381 mm.
ARDETTA CINNAMOMEA (Gmelin).
[ Ardea] cinnamomea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, Pt. 2, 1788, p. 643 (China).
One adult female, obtained in Kamorta.
5
“Tris, yellow;” length, 387 mm.
« 9 oO 3
Family ANATID/E.
DENDROCYGNA JAVANICA (Horsfield).
Anas javanica Horsrietp, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, Pt. 1, May, 1821, p.
199 (Java).
A pair obtained in Kamorta, where they were found ina small jheel.
‘Tris, dark brown; eyelids, yellow.”
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NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM THE ISLAND
OF FORMOSA.
By Davip Srarr JORDAN,
President of Leland Stanford Junior University,
and
Barton WARREN EVERMANN,
Tehthyologist of the United States Fish Commission.
The island of Formosa is now part of the Japanese Empire. Beyond
the general fact that its fauna must be similar to that of the neighbor-
ing coasts of China and the Philippines, scarcely anything is known of
its fishes. In the present paper is given the record of two collections
made under Japanese auspices. The first was obtained by Mr. Tsuna-
suke Tada. teacher in the Middle School at Osaka, for the Imperial
University of Tokyo. The second was obtained by Japanese naval
officers and others for a fisheries exhibit in Tokyo, and has been depos-
ited in the Imperial Fisheries Institute or School of Fisheries of Tokyo.
The latter collection was placed in our hands by Dr. Shinnosuke Mat-
subara, director of the Fisheries Institute. These specimens are with-
out other locality than ‘*Taiwan,” and are apparently ¢ series of the
common market fishes of the port of Keerun (Keelung), the chief port
of Formosa. This collection contains but few duplicates. The collec-
tion of Mr. Tada was made in six localities: Keerun, Taihoku, Giran,
Toii, Suwata (Suwo Bay), Kotosho, and Hokoto. Taihoku is the cap-
ital of Formosa on the Tan Sin (fresh water) river. Keerun (Keelung)
is its seaport at the north end of the island. Giran is a neighboring
seaport to the eastward of Keerun. Toii and Suwata are near Giran.
Hokoto, or Pescadores, is a large group of islands to the westward of
Formosa; Kotosho a smaller group to the southeastward. Giran is
about 50 miles to the westward of Ishigaki, in the Riukiu group.
This collection is made up chiefly of small fishes, but among them are
numerous duplicates, of which specimens have been placed in the United
States National Museum and in the Museum of Stanford University.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXV—No. 1289.
315
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
The authors are indebted to Mr. Edmund Heller for a preliminary
identification of part of the collection, a piece of work which other
duties have prevented him from completing. Important aid has also
been given by Mr. Michitaro Sindo.
In the following list the specimens received from the Fisheries
Institute without other locality than Taiwan (Formosa) and returned
to that institution are marked F. I. The specimens have mostly
Japanese collectors’ numbers, 1 x, 2x, ete.; those not so provided
were given numbers by us. These nunrbers, remaining attached to
the specimens for purposes of identification, may serve as a conyeni-
ence to future students in Japan. The following genera and species
seem to be new to science:
Zacco, new genus.
Zacco evolans, Taihoku.
Acheilognathus mesembrinum, Kotosho.
Anguilla remifera, Formosa (Keerun?).
Gymnothorax pescadoris, Hokoto.
Evenchelys (new genus), Kotosho.
Ophicephalus tadianus, Formosa (Tan Sin R.?).
Channa formosana, Suwata.
Bleekeria mitsukurii, Giran.
Pempheris nyctereutes, Hokoto.
Nemipterus matsubare, Giran.
Plectorynchus ocyurus, Formosa.
Polydactylus rhadinus, Formosa.
Cherops nyctemblema, Formosa (Keerun?).
Hemipteronotus verrens, Keerun.
Sillago xolus, Keerun.
Salarias namiyei, Hokoto.
Brotula formose, Formosa.
Cynoglossus diplasios, Formosa (Keerun?).
Family HEMISCY LLITD.
1. CHILOSCYLLIUM INDICUM (Gmelin).
We refer our specimen to Chzloscyllium indicum, although the dorsal
fins are somewhat farther apart than is shown in Dr. Day’s figures of
that species, separated by an interspace equal to the distance from the
snout to base of pectorals. The snout is a little shorter than in C.
indicum, 2.1 in head.
Description of specimen No. 1638, F. I., Formosa: Length, 685 mm. ;
head and body (snout to anus) 3 in length; head 2.5 in head and body;
snout 5 in head and body; snout to mouth 4.5 in head and body; pec-
toral 3 in head and body; ventrals 4 in head and body; height first
dorsal 1.4 times the base; interspace of dorsals 2.75 base of first dorsal.
Head flat above, the interorbital portion slightly concave; back with
a low median ridge extending from above pectorals nearly to first
dorsal, another between the dorsals, and one posterior to second dorsal.
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. ewer
Pectoral wide, rounded, beginning between second au Sad eile
slits; first dorsal slightly higher than second, truncated and beginning
slightly posterior to posterior base of ventrals, separated from second
dorsal by an interspace equal to length of pectoral; second dorsal
similar in shape and size to first dorsal, situated considerably in advance
of anal, from which it is separated by an interspace nearly equal to
base of anal; anal low, rounded anteriorly and separated by a deep
notch from the caudal; caudal long and low, length more than one-
half head and body, truncated posteriorly and deeply notched below
near the tip. Mouth wide, width equal distance of spiracle from first
gill-slit; distance from tip of snout slightly less than one-half snout;
inferior labial fold continuous; angle of mouth somewhat nearer eye
Fig. 1.—CHILOSCYLLIUM INDICUM.
than tip of snout; nasal tentacles slender, tapering, length equal to
diameter of eye; teeth triangular, with a pair of small lateral cusps
at the base of medium size.
Coloration, above grayish, marked with about 9 broad transverse
bands of brownish inclosing light spots; pectorals, dorsals and caudal
spotted like the back; below light grayish or yellowish-gray, unspotted.
Only one specimen in the collection which has been returned to the
Fisheries Institute.
Measurements.
Length, 685 mm. | First dorsal, height, 27.
Snout to anus, 236 mi. | First dorsal, base, 20.
Head, 41 (hundredths of length to anus). | Second dorsal, height, 26.
Snout, 19. Interspace of dorsals, 36.
Interorbital, 12. | Caudal, length, 55.
Snout to mouth, 9. Base of anal, 25.
Pectoral, length, 35. | Second dorsal to anal, 23.
Ventral, length, 26.
Giinther records Chdloscyllium indicum from Formosa! and
Nystrom records it from Nagasaki.
1Cat. Fish., VIII, p. 412.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family GALEORHINID#.
2. TRIAKIS SCYLLIUM Miiller and Henle.
Three small specimens in the collection, all unspotted: No. 6169,
Formosa, F. I., 6173 (74x), Formosa, F. I., 6444 (72x), Formosa, F. IL.
A larger one, No. 12250, Formosa, F. I., is spotted and banded as in
Japanese specimens.
3. GALEORHINUS JAPONICUS (Miller and Henle).
One rather small specimen, 570 mm. in length, No. 6168, Formosa,
BT
4. SCOLIODON WALBEEHMI (Bleeker).
A single specimen, 525 min. in length, differs from descriptions of
this species only in the slightly shorter snout and interspace between
anal and ventrals. No. 6166, Formosa, F. I.
Family SPHYRNIDZ.
5. SPHYRNA ZYGAENA (Linnzus).
One small specimen in the collection. No. 78x=6165, Formosa, F. I.
Family SQUALID.
6. SQUALUS, species.
Two feetuses. One of these has been compared with a foetus of
Squalus mitsukuri’, from Misaki. The Formosa specimen has the dor-
sal spines considerably lower and the snout shorter. It may belong to
some different species. Dorsals and pectoral largely black, with white
edgings in both. No. 6169, Formosa, F. I.
Family RHINOBATID .
7. RHINOBATUS SCHLEGELI Miiller and Henle.
Our specimen, which is 490 mm. in length, is without tubercles on
the median line of back. No. 6170, Formosa, F. I. = 7Oxx.
Family DASY ATID.
8. DASYATIS AKAJEI (Schlegel).
Description of specimen No. 6445 = 77x, Formosa, F. I. Length
of disc, 210 mm.; width 14 length; snout 4 times in length of disc;
interorbital width twice snout; tail 2 times length of disc; disc some-
what broader than long and rounded at the pectoral angles; snout
slightly produced beyond the oblique anterior edges of the dise; inter-
orbital space with a large triangular depressed area; snout with a
80.1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 819
shallow median groove; eyes smaller than the large spiracles; ridge
of back with a series of blunt spines, the interscapular one largest; a
short series of three or four spines on the scapular region running
Pg parallel to the median series; dental lamine slightly undulated; floor
of mouth with three tentacles.
Cutaneous fold along inferior surface of tail distinct, height about
one-half pupil, beginning below caudal spine and extending to middle
of tail; a much shorter and somewhat lower fold on superior surface
of tail situated a considerable distance behind the spine; base of tail
armed above with a median series of five stout spines situated some
Fig. 2.—DASYATIS AKAJEI.
distance anterior to the caudal spine, which is placed about one-fourth
distance from origin of tail; caudal spine of our specimen broken
at tip, the basal portion without serrations.
Coloration above, purplish brown, becoming lighter toward edges
of disc and posteriorly; tail like back; below uniform whitish.
This specimen differs a little from Dasyatis akaje/, but is probably
the young of that species.
Measurements of specimen No. 77x.
Length of disc, 210 mim. | Snout, 0.26. -
Width of disc, 235 mm. | Interorbital width, 0.13.
Tail, 420 mm. Ventrals, 0.20.
The proportional measurements are based on length of disc as the
unit of comparison.
320) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
Family SILURID.
9. GLANIS ASOTUS (Linnzus).
Anal fin united to the caudal.
Head 5; depth 5.25; snout 3.3 in head; eye 3 in snout; interorbital 2.5
in head. D. 4; A. 81; P. I, 12; V. 11; C. 16. Body spindle-shaped,
anteriorly depressed and posteriorly compressed; body deepest a little
posterior to dorsal, from which point it slopes obliquely down to the
broad depressed snout; mandible depressed like the snout, projecting;
body posteriorly depressed and tapering gradually to the tail; inter-
orbital space flat; a well-marked median dorsal groove from occiput to
middle of anal.
Teeth in broad villiform bands in both jaws and in a broad continu-
ous band on vomer; maxillary barbels long, reaching past end of ven-
tral spine; mandibular tentacles short, equaling interorbital width;
eye small, diameter + times in interorbital width; snout short, rounded,
3.3 in head; lateral line following outline of back, continuous from
' above operele to base of caudal.
FIG. 3.—GLANIS ASOTUS.
Dorsal short, of 4 rays, placed about midway between insertion of
pectorals and ventrals, height about 3 in head; pectoral inserted below
angle of opercle, the longest rays reaching slightly past vertical from
dorsal; pectoral spine strong, serrated on outer edge, length equal to
height of dorsal; ventrals situated before anus, obtusely pointed, long-
est rays exceeding pectoral spine; anal long, beginning at anus and
extending to the caudal to which it is united, height equal to that of
dorsal; caudal 2 in head, truncate.
Coloration above, brownish-olive; fins, the same; below, yellowish-
white, the mandible, sides below pectoral, and breast along gill-open-
ings finely brown-spotted.
One specimen, 12 inches long, from Formosa, without indication of
locality, but doubtless from the Tan Sin River at the capital, Taihoku.
The generic name Glanis Agassiz is equivalent to Parasilurus Bleeker.
10. PLOTOSUS ANGUILLARIS (Bloch).
One specimen, No. 12071, from Giran.
es
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 321
11. CHLARIAS FUSCUS (Laceépéde).
Two specimens, Nos. 6446, from Taihoku, and 5060 from Formosa,
feel he first has P:.1.. 9: A. 43.
ME
Fic. 4.—CHLARIAS FUSCUS.
12, TACHYSURUS SINENSIS Lacépede.
One specimen, No. 6171, F. I., with the dorsal and pectoral spines
somewhat shorter and the palatine patches of teeth more rounded than
in the published figures, otherwise agreeing. A young example,
No. 12075, Suwata, is an immature representative probably of the
same species.
13. TACHYSURUS FALCARIUS Richardson,
; One specimen, No. 6171; Suwata.
Family COBITID 2.
14. MISGURNUS ANGUILLICAUDATUS Cantor.
Two specimens, No. 5065, from Taihoku; one 57x, Formosa, F. I.
Family CYPRINIDZ.
15. CYPRINUS CARPIO Linnezus.
One specimen, No. 875=53x, Formosa, F. I.
16. CARASSIUS AURATUS (Linnzus).
Giran; Taihoku, No. 3830, Formosa, F. I.; No. 866=57x, Formosa
es I.
17, ROHITA DECORA (Peters).
One specimen, No. 3837=57x, Formosa, F. [., 162 mm. long.
D. 16, its first rays unbranched; A. 9, its first rays very small, the
7 posterior rays branched; P. 19; C. 20; scales 40; pharyngeal teeth
5-4, 2; head 5.5 in length; depth 3.2; eye 3.3 in head; no maxillary
barbels.
The generic name Roh/ta should take the place of Labeo which is
21
Proc, N. MM: vol. xxv—02
O22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
hel heel
preoccupied in Sparide by Labeo Bowdich, 1825= Loops Cuvier, 1817.
Labeo sparoides Bowdich, Exe. Madeira, 1825, p. 122, fig. 59, is identical
with Boops boops (Linneeus).
18. CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One large specimen, 355 mm. long, agreeing fairly with Giinther’s
description. Head 4.3; depth 3.3; pharyngeal teeth 2, 5-4, 2; D. 10;
A. 11; V. 10; P. 20; scale 6-41-4 (to ventrals); depth 3.8 in length;
head 4.4.
No. 56x—5061. from Formosa, F. I., doubtless from Taihoku.
19. HEMIBARBUS BARBUS (Schlegel).
Head 3.5 in length; D. ILI, 7; A. 9; scales 47.
No. 57x=867, Formosa, F. I.
Also recorded from Formosa by Giinther. It is similar to speci-
mens from Osaka, except that the snout is a little longer and the
dorsal spine stouter.
20. CULTER BREVICAUDA Giinther.
Head 4.25; depth 3.25; D. I, 7; A. 28; scales 67; teeth 5, 4, 1-4, 4, 2.
No. 55x=865, F. I. The species was originally described from
Formosa. :
21. CIRRHINA, species.
Closely allied to Otrrhina chinensis Giinther. D. 15; A. 7; scales
Steele 4. or
No. 837, Formosa, F. I.
22. ZACCO PACHYCEPHALUS (Giinther).
D. 9; A. 12; scales 53; Head 3.25; depth 3.5; pharyngeal teeth 5, 3, 1;
four scales between lateral line and ventrals.
No. 12076, Suwata; 12232, Taihoku. The species was originally
described from Formosa, collection of Consul Swinhoe.
The new generic name Zacco Jordan and Evermann (Zakko, a min-
now, in Japanese) may be applied to the group of which platypus is the
type. It differs from Opsariichthys in lacking the peculiar notched
jaws of the type (wnc7rostr’s) of that genus. The anal fin in Zacco is
much elevated in the males, which are also highly colored (blue and
crimson) in the breeding season, the head covered with warts.
23. ZACCO EVOLANS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Two specimens, No. 877, F. I.,and 12231, Taihoku, agree fairly with
ordinary Japanese specimens except in the much greater length of the
pectorals. Scales 45; pectorals reaching ventrals; anal lobe past front
of caudal. Body with about twelve dark cross-bars.
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 323
Head 4.25; depth 4.25; eye 3.2; snout 4; interorbital 3; D. 9; A.
11; scales 947-4. Body short and very greatly compressed; back
somewhat arched; head moderate, mouth rather large, slightly oblique,
the jaws subequal, the snout rather pointed; scales very thin, cycloid,
lateral line running very low; jaws and cheek with a number of phos-
phorescent spots; origin of dorsal nearer tip of snout than base of
caudal, the fin very high, its rays greater than length of head; caudal
forked; anal fin very large, the rays nearly twice the length of head;
ventrals short, reaching origin of anal; pectoral long and falcate, half
longer than head, reaching middle of ventrals.
Fig. 5.—ZACCO EVOLANS.
Color in alcohol, silvery-olivaceous above, the side with about eleven
broad, dark, plumbeous cross-bars, suggesting the parr marks in a
young trout; membranes of dorsal fin dark brown or almost black near
center of fin; membranes of anal fin dark; other fins pale.
Type.—No. 12230, a specimen 3.5 inches long, from Taihoku. This
is numbered 7129 Stanford University Museum.
24. ACHEILOGNATHUS MESEMBRINUM Jordan and Evermann,
new species.
Head 4; depth 2.8; eye 3.5; snout 4; maxillary 3; mandible 2.5;
interorbital 2.5; D. 8; A. 15; scales 8-38—5.
Body short, deep, and very greatly compressed, bearing some resem-
blance to the American species called Cypr/nella; head small and
pointed; mouth moderate, somewhat oblique, the jaws subequal, max-
illary reaching anterior edge of orbit; scales large and well imbricated;
lateral line running low, gently decurved under front of dorsal, and
~
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
passing along lower third of caudal peduncle; origin of dorsal slightly
nearer tip of snout than tip of caudal fin; the fin high, its anterior rays
nearly equaling head in length; base of anal oblique, the free edge
somewhat concave, the longest rays 1.3 in head; caudal fin lunate;
ventrals and pectorals moderate, the latter falcate.
Fic. 6.—ACHEILOGNATHUS MESEMBRINUM.
Color in alcohol, yellowish-silyery, without markings anywhere.
Two other specimens, Nos. 12072 and 12078, from Kotosho.
Type.—No. 12235, a specimen 3.5 inches long, from Kotosho, For-
mosa= 7130 Stanford University Museum.
25. DILLONIA, species.
Allied to Dillonia aculata Cuvier and Valenciennes. Head shaped
as in Scaphiodon. Mandible with barbels; D. 10; A. 11; scales 39.
The specimen of this species from Formosa has been mislaid, and
nothing more can be said of it at present.
Family MONOPTERID.
26. MONOPTERUS ALBUS (Zuiew),.
Head 10.5; tail 3.5 in rest of body; No. 12066, F. I.
Inanother specimen, perhaps not the same species (No. 6448, Hokoto),
the tail is a little longer, more than one-third rest of body, and the
head 11.5 in length. Much more material is necessary to ascertain
whether more than one valid species of J/onopterus exists.
-— =
NO, 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 325
Family ANGUILLID.E.
27. ANGUILLA MANILENSIS (Bleeker).
One specimen, No. 1590, from Kotosho. Maxillary teeth in two
bands, separated by a longitudinal division, as in A. bengalensis;
eye large, the cleft of the mouth extending to just below posterior
edge of pupil; head somewhat less than distance between front of
dorsal and anal; pectoral broad, dark; coloration mottled. This speci-
men agrees fairly with Bleeker’s figure of Mirena manilensis.
28. ANGUILLA MAURITIANA Bennett.
Distance from front of anal to front of dorsal much greater than
head; pectoral 2.7 in head; head short, about equal to distance from
gill-opening to dorsal fin; eye small, cleft of mouth extending to
beyond it; lips very thick; anterior nasal tubes prominent; body much
mottled with black. A large specimen, No. 12073, from Kotosho.
29. ANGUILLA SINENSIS McClelland.
A small specimen, No. 6447, from Taihoku. It agrees with Giinther’s
account of A. /atzrostris, but that species was originally described from
Nice. The long head, greater than the distance from front of dorsal
to front of anal, is characteristic of this species.
30. ANGUILLA REMIFERA Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Near Anguillajaponica Schlegel, but the pectoral much longer, 2.17
in head and rather pointed. Distance from front of dorsal to front of
anal slightly more than length of head.
FIG. 7.—ANGUILLA REMIFERA.
One specimen, No. 12064 (70), 18.5 inches long, from Hokoto,
Formosa, returned to the Imperial University.
326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. © VOL. XXV.
Head 9; depth 18; eye 10.5; snout 6. Distance from snout to origin
of dorsal less than one-third total length; anal origin about two-fifths
total length from tip of snout; dorsal and anal confluent around caudal;
pectoral 2 in head; gill-opening small; lower jaw slightly projecting;
teeth strong.
Body long and slender, little compressed, except posteriorly; head
long, pointed. Color in alcohol, grayish-olive, paler below; caudal
and posterior portions of dorsal and anal edged with black.
Family LEPTOCEPHALID.
31. LEPTOCEPHALUS, species.
One ribbon-shaped larva of some eel or eel-like fish, probably a
Conger, but not certainly identifiable.
Family OPHICHTHYIDZE.
32. PISOODONOPHIS BORO (Hamilton-Buchanan).
No. 1591, Toii, and No. 12065, Formosa, F. I.
33. OPHICHTHUS CEPHALOZONA Bleeker.
A small specimen agreeing with O. cephalozona in most regards, but
the dorsal is lower and the pectoral shorter, 4.7in head. The colora-
tion is obscure, the body being crossed by obscure paler bands; the
markings on the head as figured in O. cephalozona. Apparently these
variations are due to the immature condition of the specimen.
No. 6449, Hokoto.
Family MURAANID 2.
34. GYMNOTHORAX PESCADORIS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Fie. 8.—GYMNOTHOKAX PESCADORIS
Teeth uniserial on side of each jaw; two large, sharp, movable teeth
on median line of roof of mouth; eye 2.25 in snout, in anterior half
of gape; tail shghtly shorter than rest of body.
~I
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 32
Color in alcohol, dark olive-brown, covered profusely everywhere
with large, roundish, jet-black spots, these largest and most numerous
on back and sides, more sparse on belly; spots of jaws and head less
regular in shape and very numerous, the interspaces being more nearly
white.
Type.—No. 6450, 40 inches long, from Hokoto or Pescadores Islands,
No. 7131, Stanford University Museum.
35. EVENCHELYS MACRURUS (Bleeker).
Second series of mandibular teeth fewer than as described; posterior
vomerine teeth fewer.
A fine specimen, 6.25 feet in length, No. 12063, from Kotosho.
The new genus /venchelys Jordan and Evermann (type, macrurus)
differs from Gymnothorax in the excessively long tail, which is nearly
twice the length of the rest of the body.
Family CHANIDZ.
36. CHANOS CHANOS (Forskal).
D. 14; A. 9; scales 92.
Several young examples, Nos. 12067 (Giran), 12238 (Taihoku), 11435,
Ree, £2083, H.L.. and 876.1.
One specimen from Toii.
Family ELOPID.
37- ELOPS MACHNATA Riuppell.
D. 20; A. 14; V. 14; Nos. 12236, Formosa, F. I., and 12237, from
Suwata.
38. MEGALOPS CYPRINOIDES (Broussonet).
Dei S2 7A. 24 seales: 39.
Head 4 in length; depth 3.5. Nos. 871 (Formosa), F. I., and 12069
(Giran).
Family CHIROCENTRIDZ.
39. CHIROCENTRUS DORAB (Forskal).
Head 6.5 in length; depth 7; eye 4.5 in head; D. 17; A. 30. A large
specimen, No. 87 x = 868 (Formosa), F. I.
Family DOROSOMID &.
40. CLUPANODON MACULATUS (Richardson).
Head 3.7 in length; depth 2.75; D. 16; A. 25; scales 48. Dorsal
not inserted much before ventrals; no black spot on shoulder. No.
12068 (Giran). Recorded by Giinther from Formosa.
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
41. CLUPANODON NASUS (Bloch).
D, 17; “A; 20; scalés 49. Nos. 870, 878—7% x Formosa). Pe,
12074 (Giran), and 12084 (Kotosho).
Family CLUPEID %.
42. SARDINELLA TOLI (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
D. 18; A. 20. Nos. 12077, and 12085 (Kotosho).
43. ILISHA ELONGATA (Bennett).
Head 3.7; depth 3.3; D. 16; A. 44; V. 5; scales 50,-13; 24 scutes
before vent, 12 behind. No. 872 (Formosa), F. I., a very large
example.
44. DUSSUMIERIA ELOPSOIDES Bleeker.
Head 4.3; depth 6; D. 19; A. 16; P: \5.
No. 113438 (Kotosho), in bad condition.
Family ENGRAULID.
45. ANCHOVIA INDICA (Van Hasselt).
( Engraulis russelli Bleeker. )
Head 4.5; depth 5.75; Dr 116; .A.°20: 5 13;
Two specimens, Nos. 12233, F. I., and 12234 (Suwata).
Family SALMONID ZL.
46. PLECOGLOSSUS ALTIVELIS Schlegel.
Head 4.75; depth 4.75; D. 11; A. 17; V. 8; scales about 133.
Nos. 3832, 3833, and 3834, Taihoku.
Fic. 9.—PLECOGLOSSUS ALTIVELIS.
These specimens agree with those of the common Ayu of Japan,
except that the anal fin is slightly longer, its length being 1.17 in head,
nearly twice its longest ray. This difference is doubtless due to their
large size, and probably has no taxonomic value.
No. 1289. ~ RISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 329
Family SYNODONTIDE.
47. SAURIDA ARGYROPHANES (Richardson).
D. 12; A. 11; scales 52 to 54.
Nos. 11326 and 3836 (Formosa), F. I.
This species is quite different from the Japanese Saurida japonica,
having the eyes scarcely veiled by the very narrow or adipose eye-
lid, and the pectoral fin much longer, 1.6 in head, reaching to or beyond
front of pectoral. Sauwida japonica (Wakanoura, Japan) has the
pectoral 1.6 in head, not reaching ventrals and reaching about to the
eighth scale of lateral line. Head 4.5 in length in Saurida argyro-
phanes; about 5 in Saurida japonica.
48. TRACHINOCEPHALUS TRACHINUS (Schlegel).
One specimen from Keerun.
Family BELONID.
49. TYLOSURUS LEIURUS (Bleeker).
Head 3.25 in length; depth 17; D. 19; A. 24; eye 2.5 in postorbital
part of head. Length of pectorals much greater than depth of body,
equal to postorbital part of head; no gillrakers.
No. 5059=62x (Formosa), F. I.
50. TYLOSURUS MELANOSTIGMA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Head 3.75 in length; depth 14; D. 25; A. 27; eye 2.25 in postorbital
part of head; no dark blotches on sides.
No. 3835 (Formosa), F. I.
Family NEMIRAMPHID.
51. HEMIRAMPHUS FAR (Forskal).
(Hemiramphus commersoni Cuvier).
Head 4.5 in length; depth 5.75; D. 13; A. 11; side with a silvery
band and 4 dark spots.
Nos. 11329, 11330, 11486 (Formosa), F. I.
52. HEMIRAMPHUS GEORGII Cuvier and Valenciennes
Head 4.5 in length; depth 7.5; eye 1.75 in postorbital region; D. 14;
A. 13; scales 50.
Nos. 875 and 879=54x.
53. EULEPTORAMPHUS LONGIROSTRIS © uvier.
One large specimen, No. 38835=17 x (Formosa), i'. I.
300
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family EXOCCETID 4.
54. CYPSILURUS SPILONOTOPTERUS (Bleeker).
Head 4.75 in length; depth 5.5; D. 14; A. 10; scales 50. Pectorals
black within; dorsal with a black blotch; second pectoral ray divided;
ventrals white.
No. 3838= 14x (Formosa), F. I.
Family FISTULARIID.
55. FISTULARIA PETIMBA (Lacépéde).
Head 2.75: snout 3.75; D. 165, A. 12.
One large example, No. 11437 (Formosa), F. I.
>
Family OPHICEPHALID.
56. OPHICEPHALUS MACULATUS (Lacépéde).
One specimen, No. 38x (Formosa), F. I.
A. 26; scales 53.
One specimen, No. 5096, from Giran.
57. OPHICEPHALUS TADIANUS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3; depth 4.75; eye 8.6; snout 6.2; maxillary 2.65; mandible
2.3; interorbital 5.3; D. 42; longest dorsal ray 3; A. 26; longest anal
ray 2.7; ventrals 3.5; pectoral 2.3; scales 6-57-11. Body spindle-
shaped, compressed posteriorly, caudal peduncie short, deep and
ereatly compressed; head long and snake-like, covered with plate-like
scales; eye small, anterior; nostrils wide apart, the anterior in a small
tube on upper edge of maxillary; mouth oblique, large, the maxillary
reaching past orbit; a band of small teeth on outer edge of jaws, a
band of large, wide-set, canine teeth on palatines and inner side of
lower jaw; upper jaw protractile; dorsal long, of numerous spine-
like rays, low anteriorly, gradually lengthening posteriorly; caudal
rounded; anal similar to dorsal, but not so long; ventrals very small
and short, not reaching vent; pectoral short and rounded; lateral line
broken anteriorly, running along center of body from base of caudal
to just over second anal ray, thence upward for 2 rows of scales, then
forward for 15 rows of scales, thence downward for 1 row, then for-
ward to upper edge of gill-opening, where it ends.
General color in alcohol, olivaceous-brown above, lighter below;
belly white, with some yellowish markings; a row of 12 dark oliva-
ceous blotches along base of dorsal, partly on fin and partly on body;
below these but above lateral line another row of 8 or 9 similar but
larger blotches, extending anteriorly to the middle of upward curve
in lateral line; below this another line of about 13 lighter colored and
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. ook
very irregular blotches, extending from base of pectoral posteriorly
along lower edge of lateral line to base of caudal: below this another
line of scattered and faint blotches from lower edge of pectoral to
posterior end of anal; head color of upper part of body, but streaked
with irregular lines of black above; a line of light dusky, as wide as
pupil, but becoming nearly as broad as eye at edge of opercle, running
from posterior edge of eye to base of pectoral, its lower edge just
below upper base of pectoral; below this an irregular line of light
brown-olivaceous slightly wider than pupil, runnine to middle of
base of pectoral; head below this pale: dorsal with 2 broken stripes
of brown-olivaceous about as wide as pupil; caudal membranes dark,
rays pale brown-olivaceous, anal with indications of 4 or 5 dark
a
A
oe
Hi
Fic. 10.—OPHIOCEPHALUS TADIANUS.
blotches at the base of posterior half, rest of fin pale at base, becoming
darker, almost brown-olivaceous toward tips; ventrals pale, dusky;
pectoral slightly darker than ventrals.
Type.—No. 3xx, aspecimen 9.5 inches long, from Formosa, returned
to the Imperial Fisheries Institute.
58. CHANNA FORMOSANA Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3.6; depth 5.75; eye 5.75; snout 5.25; maxillary 2.5; mandi-
ble 2.25; interorbital 3.5; D. 44; A. 28; scales 4-54-13. Body
moderately long and slender, much compressed posteriorly; head large,
broad, depressed and snake-like; mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw
slightly projecting, the maxillary reaching posterior edge of orbit;
teeth cardiform, in both jaws and on vomer; eye moderate; caudal
peduncle short, very deep and very much compressed. Seales large,
plate-like, each with strong concentric strix; lateral line very irregu-
lar, beginning above opercular opening, extending backward on 7
scales, then running for 8 scales on next row above, then dropping
irregularly for 3 or 4 rows over origin of anal, thence continued along
median line of side to base of caudal fin. Dorsal fin long, beginning
over base of pectoral, the rays quite uniform in length, the last being
somewhat longest, being about 2.5 in head; anal similar to dorsal, but
shorter, beginning under about the twelfth dorsal ray and ceasing
aD, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXV.
under the last dorsal ray but two; rays of dorsal and anal all un-
branched, but articulated; pectoral short and broad, its tip reaching
vent; ventrals absent; caudal broad and rounded.
Color in alcohol, yellowish-brown, the side with about 8 V-shaped
imbricated dark crossbars, the apex pointing forward; these crossbars
plainest posteriorly, more or less broken and irregular in front; a large,
round, black ocellus on caudal peduncle at base of caudal fin as large
as eye, bordered by white; side of head with two broad, dark bars
extending from eye to posterior edge of opercle; dorsal fin punctulate
but with about 2 series of rather distinct white spots on the membrane,
extending nearly full length of fin; anal fin plain, somewhat dusky at
edge; caudal and pectoral pale, slightly punctulate.
‘ S57
a
Fig. 11.—CHANNA FORMOSANA.
Type.—No. 5075, a specimen 5.25 inches long, from Sowo or Suwata,
Formosa, now numbered 7132 Stanford University Museum; others,
No. 269, are from Suwata.
Family MUGILID.
59. MUGIL OEUR Forskal.
( Mugil cephalotus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
Several specimens, Nos. 5061, 5062 from Giran, 1589 from Keerun,
5067 from Taihoku, 377, 1064 (F. I.) from Formosa.
D. IV-I, 8; A. III, 8; scales 40,-12.
Dark streaks along scales more or less distinct.
60. LIZA TROSCHELI (Bleeker.)
Head 4.1; depth 3.8; eye 3.75; snout 4.5; interorbital 2; D. IV—I,
8; A. II, 10; scales 30,-10; body rather short and stout, the back
gently and regularly arched from tip of snout to origin of spinous
dorsal; head small, triangular, the interorbital broad and flat; eye
rather large, snout short, the adipose eyelid small; teeth small but
visible to the naked eye; sides of lower jaw meeting in a broad angle;
lips thin; bare space between dentary bones club-shaped, broadest
anteriorly, the subopercles overlapping below; pectoral broad and
LS eee
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. doo
short, i 5 in 1 head: ventrals shorter than the pectoral, their length 25
times in distance from their base to origin of anal; first dorsal spine
1.75 in head; soft dorsal low, its longest ray 2 in head; origin of
spinous dorsal slightly nearer base of caudal than tip of snout, or over
tips of ventrals; caudal moderately forked, the lobes equal, their
length equal to that of head; anal origin in front of soft dorsal, its free
eae concave, its longest rays 1.75 in head.
Color in alcohol, grayish-silvery on side, dark olive on back and top
of head; lower parts silvery-whitish; fins dusky, tips of middle cau-
dal rays blackish.
One specimen, No. 5068, 9 inches in total length, from Hokoto,
Formosa.
This specimen agrees with Mugil troscheli from the East Indies
except that the head is wider, the interorbital space twice the eye, and
the body deeper 3.75 to 3.8 in length, equal to length of head. These
discrepancies are probably due to individual variations or to the
immaturity of the original type.
Family SPHYRANID.
61. SPHYRAENA JELLO Cuvier and Valenciennes.
D. V-I, 9; A. I, 10; scales 17-135-23.
This is doubtless identical with Sphyrena jello, but the scales seem
smaller, more than 125 in lateral line.
No. 11328 (Formosa), F. I.
62. SPHYRAENA JAPONICA Schlegel.
D. V-I, 9; A. I, 9; scales 11-87-14.
No; | 3831 = 3000—90x (Kormosa), F. I.
63. SPHYRAZENA FORSTERI (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Seales 110,—16.
Nos. 3831, 880 (84x), Formosa, F. I.
These specimens ie fairly with Giinther’s account of this species,
but the species of this genus need comparative study.
Family AMMODYTID.
64. BLEEKERIA MITSUKURII Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Two specimens, Nos. 11340 and 11342, from Giran.
Near to Bleekeria kallolepis and B. gilli, but with smaller scales than
either. It is not easy to see why Dr. Day! should reject the genus
Bleckeria, placing its species in Amimodytes. — Bleekeria has well-
formed ae 20a sculptured scales, as well as small teeth in the jaws.
' Fishes of Taio,
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXy.
In Ammodytes there are no teeth and the scales are almost obsolete,
the body being crossed by folds of skin. Ammmodytes is subarctic in
distribution, Bleeheria is tropical. Ammodytes has a much larger
number of fin rays and doubtless of vertebree also.
Head 4.6; depth 8.5; eye 5.2; snout 3.8; D. 42; A. 15. Body
long, slender, and somewhat compressed; head very long; mouth
rather large, the lower jaw much projecting, a prominent point below;
-maxillary thin, slipping under the preorbital, reaching orbit. Seales
smalland firm; lateral line running high, about two scales below dorsal,
on caudal peduncle suddenly dropping to middle of caudal fin; dorsal
fin long and low, depressible in a groove, its origin over base of pec-
toral; anal short, terminating under last dorsal ray; pectorals short
Fic. 12.—BLEEKERIA MITSUKURII.
and pointed; ventrals very minute, slightly in front of pectoral; oper-
cular bones very thin and papery; teeth on front of jaws weak, appar-
ently in villiform patches.
Color in alcohol, plain straw-yellow.
Type. —No. 11340, a specimen 4.25 inches long, from Giran, now
No. 7133, Stanford University Museum.
Family HOLOCENTRID 2.
° 65. OSTICHTHYS JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
A large specimen, 1 x, Formosa, F. I.
The genus Ostichthys differs from Myripristis in the very rough
scales and from //olotrachys in their very large size, larger than in
any species of Myripristis.
Family MULLID.
66. UPENEUS INDICUS (Shaw).
One specimen, No. 1592, from Keerun. Two dark streaks on second
dorsal; golden area under first dorsal and dark blotch on caudal pedun-
cle distinct.
One specimen, No. 302, from Giran.
NO. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 3385
67. UPENEUS CYCLOSTOMUS (Lacépéde).
(Upeneus luteus Curvier and Valenciennes; Day. )
One specimen, No. 273, from Keerun. It agrees fairly with Giin-
ther’s account of U”. cyclostomus and with Day’s figure of (7. duteus.
In view of the doubt as to the synonymy of this species, we follow
Giinther in identifying it with Lacépede’s J/u/lus cyclostoimus.
68. UPENEOIDES VITTATUS (Forskal).
One specimen, No. 1756, from Keerun. Posterior black band on
lower lobe of caudal very broad and black, the coloration unlike that
of Hawaiian examples, supposed to be this species, the posterior band
broader than in Day’s figure. !
go
69. UPENEOIDES BENSASI (Schlegel).
One specimen, No. 275, from Keerun. Color, plain except for a
dark tip to each dorsal, the color probably faded. Side with dark
rivulate markings under each scale. Teeth all small, on jaws, vomer,
and palatines. We identify this species with Upencoides bensus/ on the
supposition that the color is faded. Such faded examples correspond
to Upeneus subvittatus of Richardson.” Probably the original swbw/t-
tatus of Schlegel also is the same species. The latter has a banded
vaudal, as in U/peneoides bensasi.
Two small specimens, No. 314, from Kotosho are colored as in
Japanese specimens of (7. bensas’. Caudal with four dark bands on
the upper lobe, the lower dusky with a whitish edge; first dorsal
with three dark cross-bands, the second dusky at tip.
70. UPENEOIDES TRAGULA (Richardson).
Two specimens, Nos. 1755 and 358, from Keerun, agreeing with Day’s
figure.*
Two specimens, Nos. 303 and 304, from Giran.
One specimen, No. 339, from Formosa, F. I.
One specimen, No. 281, from Hokoto.
Head 3.75; depth 4.2; eye 4; D. VIII-I, 8; A. 1,6; P. 13; scales 32.
Family TRICHIURID.
71. TRICHIURUS JAPONICUS Schlegel.
One specimen, No. 5064, from Hokoto.
One large specimen, No. 17 x, from Formosa, F. I.
1 Fishes of India, pl. xxx, fig. 2. * Fishes of India, pl. xxx, fig. 4.
*Ieth. China, p. 219, from Canton.
|
|
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. |
: ; . Fi
Family SCOMBRIDZ. |
72. SCOMBER JAPONICUS Houttuyn.
One small specimen, No. 27 x, from Formosa, F. I., of some
mackerel, with low suborbital and rather elongate body. It may be
Scomber janesaba Bleeker, but until these various Asiatic mackerel
|
with air-bladders have heen fully compared, we are not certain that
any of them is separable from Scomber japonicus.
73. SCOMBER KANAGURTA Russell.
A small mackerel, No. 23 x, from Formosa, F. I., the body and
especially the head deeper than in S. japonicus; the scales much
more distinct, the color silvery, the dark markings less distinct.
This corresponds fairly with Day’s figure’ of the species he calls
Scomber microlepidotus. ‘This seems to be different from Scomber
japonicus.
74. GYMNOSARDA ALLETERATA (Rafinesque).
One specimen, No. 26 x, from Formosa, F. I., in bad condition,
the spots behind pectoral obsolete. The identity of this with the
Atlantic species is questionable.
75. SCOMBEROMORUS KUHLII (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One fine specimen, No, 21 x=357, from Formosa, F. 1. Body with-
out streaks or spots.
Family CARANGID.
76. SCOMBEROIDES ORIENTALIS (Schlegel).
One specimen, No. 327, from Giran. This species seems to differ
from Scomberoides toloo (= 8. sancti-petr?) in the elongate body, the
depth being about 4 in length to base of caudal. The maxillary
extends not quite to posterior margin of eye.
77. MEGALASPIS CORDYLA (Linnzus).
(Scomber rottleri Bloch.)
A very large specimen, No. 18 x, from Formosa, F. I. Lateral
plates extremely large, covering the posterior part of the body with
a coat of mail, much larger than in any species of Carangus.
A fine large specimen, No. 370, from Formosa, F. I.
78. DECAPTERUS MUROADSI (Schlegel).
One specimen, No. 22 x, from Formosa, F. I.
1 Fishes of India, p!. trv, fig. 4.
No. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 337
79. DECAPTERUS MACROSOMUS (Bleeker).
One specimen, No. 337, from Formosa, F. I. This species is dis-
tinguished by the large number of dorsal and anal rays, and the great
development of the lateral plates, 49+ 38, the latter number being
that of the keeled plates on the straight part. There is a peculiar
angulation of the lower part of the shoulder girdle approaching that
in Trachurops.
A specimen of this species from Kagoshima, Japan, is in the
Imperial Museum at Tokyo.
One specimen, No. 24 x, from Formosa, F. I.
80. TRACHUROPS TORVA (Jenyns).
One specimen, No. 352, from Formosa, F. 1.; one specimen, No.
3(1 = 23 x, from Formosa, F. I.; one specimen, No. 325, from Giran;
and one, No. 2070, from Giran.
81. CARANGUS LEPTOLEPIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes ).
Two specimens, No. 297, from Keerun. Opercular spot very dis-
tinct, encroaching on the shoulder.
82. CARANGUS MALABARICUS (Schneider).
One specimen, No. 272, from Keerun. Dorsal lobe 1.4 in head;
depth 2.12 in length (without caudal). Otherwise agreeing with Day’s
figure and Giinther’s description.
83. CARANGUS JARRA (Cuvier and Valenciennes ).
One specimen, No. 274, from Keerun, referred with doubt to this
species. The depth is 2.2 in length, the soft dorsal lobe 1.2 in head;
D. VILI-I, 22. Lateral shields large, about 35 developed; breast
naked; lateral line scarcely wavy.
84. CARANGUS SEXFASCIATUS (Quoy and Gaimard).
One young example from Keerun. It agrees in essential respects
with Carangus latus of the Atlantic. D. VIII-I, 20; plates 28 to 30;
breast scaly; no distinct opercular spots; body with six broad faint
cross-bands; first dorsal and tip of second blackish; anal pale. — It
agrees in general with Giinther’s account of Carangus hippos, but the
true A¢ppos is an American species, quite distinet (Carangus carangus
of Giinther).
85. CARANGUS, species.
A small specimen from Kotosho resembling Carangus jarra (Cuvier
and Valenciennes). D. VITI-I, 23: seales about 30; no spots.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——22
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
86. CARANGUS ARMATUS (Forskal).
A large specimen, No. 17 x, from Formosa, F. I., with opercular
spot and very high lobes to dorsal and anal fins.
One specimen, No. 21 x, from Formosa, F. I. Opercular spot
present; lobes of dorsal and anal very low.
One specimen, No. 20 x, from Formosa, F. I. No opercular spot;
produced anal ray as long as base of fin; ventrals pale.
This specimen corresponds to Cuvier and Valenciennes’s figure of
Carangus cirrhosus, but not to Olistus malabaricus, regarded by Giin-
ther as a synonym.
One large specimen, No. 349, from Formosa, F. I. Dorsal and anal
lobes not extending much beyond middle of fin; opercular spot present.
87. ALECTIS CILIARIS (Bloch).
One specimen from Formosa, F. I., and two specimens from Kee-
run.
Family LEIOGNATHID ZH.
88. LEIOGNATHUS EDENTULUM (Bloch).
Head 3.3 in leneth; depth 1.7; second dorsal spine 1.3 in head.
>
Two specimens, Nos. 279 and 297, from Formosa, F. I.
89. LEIOGNATHUS SPLENDENS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen from Keerun and one fine specimen, No. 329, from
Hokoto.
go. GAZZA EQUULAEFORMIS (Riippell).
One specimen, No. 317, from Kotosho. Depth 2.5 in length to base
of caudal. Second dorsal spine about 2.7 in depth as in G. equaule-
Jormis. Axil black; spinous dorsal dusky anteriorly; some vague
dark spots along lateral line.
One specimen, No, 328, from Hokoto.
Family STROMATEID A.
gt. APOLECTUS NIGER (Bloch).
A large specimen, No. 27 x, from Formosa, F. I. No ventral fins;
caudal fin with a strong keel, suggesting that of Carangus, the scales
on the keel thickened but without spines; color, pale grayish; gill-
openings very broad, the membranes not attached to the isthmus.
Head 3.8; depth 2.1; eye 5.6; snout 3.25; maxillary 3.4; mandible
3; interorbital 2.75; preorbital 10; D. 40; highest dorsal ray 1.1; A.
37; longest anal ray 1.3; scales about 27-97-50, rubbed off and difhi-
cult to count; pectoral very long and narrow, 1.3 times the head. Body
oblong-rhombic, greatly compressed, dorsal and ventral outlines con-
no.1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 339
siderably arched; dorsal profile from snout to origin of dorsal fin reg-
ularly curved; head moderate, the snout rather blunt; mouth moder-
ate, somewhat oblique, the jaws subequal; maxillary broad, reaching
front of orbit, slipping under preorbital for its entire length; teeth
setiform, slender, and very weak in each jaw; top of head trenchant;
nostrils oblong, very close together; eye moderate, partially covered
by adipose membrane, slightly above level of upper lip; preorbital
narrow. Cheek deep; edges of opercular bones membranaceous, the
opercle very thin and flexible; caudal peduncle depressed, and strongly
keeled. Scales small, cycloid, somewhat irregularly placed; cheeks
and opercles with fine scales; a large naked area from snout between
eyes tq occiput; dorsal and anal densely covered with thin scales;
eee,
Ir
eee
ToT)
Lepr
+4
Fic. 18.—APOLECTUS NIGER.
‘audal with less complete squamation; dorsal fin elevated in front,
distance of its origin from snout 1.4 in its base; anal similar to dorsal,
its origin more posterior; caudal widely forked.
Color. in alcohol, dirty yellowish-white, without markings, except a
narrow black blotch on edge of opercle.
Family PEMPHERIDA.
92. PEMPHERIS NYCTEREUTES Jordan and Evermann, new species.
A single large specimen from Hokoto. It does not fit Dr. Déder-
lein’s description of Pempheris japonicus very well, and the small size
of the scales separates it still further from the others described.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Head 3.4; depth 2.4; eye 2.5; snout 5.5; maxillary 2; mandible
1.75; interorbital 4; D. V, 9; longest dorsal ray 1.5; A. III, 44;
longest anal spine 3.6, ray 2.8; scales 80 in lateral line; those above
and below are rubbed off and not to be counted accurately. Body
oblong, compressed; long base of anal very oblique; lateral line con-
current with the dorsal outline and extending to tip of tail; head com-
pressed; eye large; snout very short, blunt; mouth large, very oblique;
villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and jaws; maxillary extending to
below middle of eye; dorsal short, slightly behind ventral; anal very
long, low and densely scaled at base; ventral spine as long as rays; pec-
toral broad, faleate, 1.2 in head; scales deciduous, those of lateral line —
most persistent.
EY eR rahe
Re
ay)i3 Oe)
yy es oe
Soke
SG re
Sa
SOK
SS SSS
Sos
<>
SSSSSSS
SSS
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ESE
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: SSS
SSS
2
tes <
Rae
SS
Ss
Fic. 14.—PEMPHERIS NYCTEREUTES.
General color in alcohol, olivaceous brown; pectoral and ventrals
pale; base of anal dusky brown; throat and under parts of head rusty
brown.
Type.—No. 286, a specimen 8 inches long from Hokoto, Formosa,
returned to the Imperial University.
Family KUHLIIDZ.
93. KUHLIA MARGINATA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 319, from Kotosho, agreeing fairly with Boulen-
ger’s description.
Family SERRANIDE.
94. PSAMMOPERCA WAIGENSIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One fine specimen, No. 340, from Formosa, F. 1.
No. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 841
95. LATEOLABRAX JAPONICUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Y
|
One specimen, No. x z, from Formosa, F. 1., and one specimen from
Keerun.
96. EPINEPHELUS TAUVINA /(Forskal).
(Serranus salmoides Day. )
Three specimens from Keerun, agreeing with Boulenger’s deserip-
tion. Other specimens from Formosa are in the British Museum.
One specimen, No. 376, with faint spots and with a broad black streak
above maxillary.
97. EPINEPHELUS MERRA Bloch.
One specimen from Keerun. It belongs to the typical variety merra
in Boulenger’s Catalogue (I, p. 242).
98. EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS (| Forskal).
One specimen, No. 3 x, from Formosa, F. I.
99. EPINEPHELUS EPISTICTUS (Schlegel).
One specimen, No. 280, from Giran, identical with one taken by us
at Nagasaki. This species is near to /. lat¢fausciatus, but is marked
by spots only, not bands or stripes. A series of round blackish spots
runs from the eye to the base of caudal. The spines on angle of pre-
opercle are well developed.
One large specimen, No. x 7, from Formosa, F. I. Back sparsely
covered with small round dark spots, no trace of dark lines; otherwise
very near to Lpinephelus lati fasciatus, of which it may prove a color
variation.
1oo. EPINEPHELUS CHLOROSTIGMA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 345, from Formosa, F. I. The spots are less
numerous than are shown in the figures of Day and Bleeker, but the
general characters agree with Boulenger’s description.
One large specimen, No. 363, Formosa, F. I., corresponding to Day’s
figure of Serranus arcolatus.
ior. EPINEPHELUS DIACANTHUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One small specimen, the dark cross-bands scarcely traceable; a dark
streak above maxillary.
A fine specimen, No. 374, from Formosa, F. I. Angle of opercle
with two rather strong spines.
One small specimen, No. 355, Formosa, F. I., referred with doubt
to this species. There are no dark cross-bands; body with darker
spots, which form reticulations, some of them more or less longi-
tudinal; fins unspotted, darker near the edge; a dark streak above
maxillary.
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
102. EPINEPHELUS HCEDTI (Bieeker).
One specimen, No. + x, from Formosa, F. I. Head and body
closely dotted with darker; caudal and anal broadly edged with black;
ventrals chiefly black; dorsal with a brownish edge; pectoral plain
yellow.
It is possible that Boulenger is correct in referring this species to
the synonymy of “p/nephelus jflavoceruleus (Lacépéde), a species
having the body plain blue or purple, the fins bright yellow.
103. PROMICROPS LANCEOLATA (Bloch).
(Phrynotitan gigas Ginther. )
One young example, No. 5 x, from Formosa, F. I.
Family LUTIANIDAL.
104. GLAUCOSOMA BURGERI Richardson.
One large specimen, No. 364, 17 inches long, from Keerun, For-
mosa. Inside of mouth black; peritoneum black. This species seems
Fic. 15.—GLAUCOSOMA BURGERI.
distinct from. Glaucosoma hebraicum Richardson. The genus belongs
apparently to the Lutianide, although the extension of the lateral
line on the caudal fin suggests relationship to Lates and Psammoperca.
The caudal fin is very slightly lunulate.
Head 2.75; depth 2.4; eye 3.8; snout 3.8; maxillary 1.65; mandible
1.6; interorbital 5; preorbital 7.3; D. VIII, 12; longest dorsal spine
3.5, ray 1.9; A. III, 10; longest anal spine 4, ray 2; ventral 2; pecto-
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 3438
aly so : scales 12- 52 —20. Body rather short and deep, compressed;
caudal peduncle compressed and deep, its least width 1.65 in eye, its
least depth 2.5 in head; back gently and regularly arched from snout
to caudal peduncle, somewhat depressed in front of eyes; head large
and deep; mouth very large, somewhat oblique, jaws sube qual: maxil-
lary very broad at tip, scarcely slipping under preorbital; teeth in a
strong villiform band on upper jaw composed of two rows, the outer
in front canine-like; those of lower jaw in one series, except in front,
where they are somewhat irregular; a large patch of villiform teeth
on tongue and hyoid bone; a narrow V-shaped patch on yomer, appar-
ently none on palatines; eye very large, rather high; nostrils close
together, the posterior the larger. Scales moderate, weakly ctenoid,
covering entire head, body and bases of dorsal, caudal and anal; max-
illary densely scaled; base of pectoral scaled; preopercle at the angle
with blunt coarse teeth. Fins moderate; dorsal spines rather short
but strong, the soft part of dorsal somewhat elevated; anal similar to
soft dorsal, the third spine considerably longest; caudal moderate,
shallowly lunate, the lobes rounded; pectoral short and broad; ven-
trals scarcely re cence vent.
Color in alcohol, rusty silvery; head darker, somewhat purplish;
edges of scales on side darkish, the bases brassy; dorsal, anal and
caudal dusky; pectoral and ventral pale; a large brownish blotch on
membrane below preorbital.
105. LUTIANUS FULVIFLAMMA Forskal.
(?Lutianus hoteen Richardson. ) é
A single specimen, badly faded, No. 332, from Keerun. It is iden-
tical with another received from Okinawa, and probably belongs to
Lutianus hoteen, which Ginther identifies with ZL. fuscescens from
Celebes. In its dull olive coloration it approaches L. hoteen rather
than LZ. fulvifiamma Richardson, with which it agrees in the indis-
tinctly notched preopercle.
It is not unlikely, however, that this is identical with the species
figured by Dr. Day as the typical Lutianus fulo‘flamma as distinct
from the golden-streaked Lutianus russelli.
Two specimens from Keerun. One large specimen, No. 344, from
Formosa, F. I.
106. LUTIANUS ANNULARIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 291, from Formosa, F. I. Black blotch on
caudal peduncle above very distinct, bordered before and behind by
white; faint dark streaks along the rows of scales, those above oblique,
those below horizontal, no trace of streak from first dorsal spine to
eve.) D2 XI, 13; A. 1, 8; scales 53.
344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
107. LUTIANUS ARGENTIMACULATUS ( Forskal).
(Mesoprion gembra Gunther. )
One specimen from Keerun. This species has much in common
with Lutianus argentiventris and other American species. The parie-
tal crest extends nearly to the point of junction of the supraoccipital
crest and orbital rim, indicating that the genus Weomenis will be
found untenable.
108. LUTIANUS VITTA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen from Keerun.
109. PLATYINIUS SPARUS (Schlegel).
( Mesoprion sparus Schlegel. )
Head 3; depth 2.9; eye 3.2; snout 3.5; maxillary 2.25; mandible
1.9; interorbital 4; preorbital 6.25; D. X, 11; longest dorsal spine
9.75 in head; ray 2.75; A. III, 8; pectoral 1.25; ventral 1.7; scales
Ne 4
Oy 3H:
>
2
LD.
2
HVS
MER:
8
Fig. 16.—PLATYINIUS SPARUS,
10-50-15. Body rather short, deep and compressed; dorsal and
ventral outlines gently arched, occipital region slightly depressed;
head large; mouth large, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw slightly
the longer; maxillary broad, slipping for its entire length under the
broad preorbital; eye large; nostrils very small; preopercle strongly
serrate at angle. Scales small, nearly cycloid; cheek and opercle
sealed, caudal fin scaled at base. Fins moderate, last ray of anal
considerably produced.
One specimen, No. 367, 6.25 inches long, from Formosa, F. I. | No
scales at base of dorsal or anal fins; band of scales at the temples
separated from those behind it; scales above lateral line in series
NO, 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 345
parallel with lateral line; two strong canine teeth in front of each jaw,
besides smaller lateral canines; teeth on yvomer in a small V-shaped
patch; no teeth on tongue; last ray of dorsal and anal produced;
caudal deeply forked; gillrakers long, rather few in number, about
12 below angle: 6 rows of scales on cheek; preopercle scarcely
notched, with fine long cirri; preorbital not so broad as eye.
Color, apparently bright red, now faded to silvery; cheeks bright
silvery.
Platyinius sparus has the skull of Hftel7és and Aprion, the com-
pressed form of /7/aty/néus, and the strong canines of Lutéanus. Its
nearest ally is doubtless Platyinius macrophthalmus, but it should be
placed in a genus distinct from Apr/on, characterized by the robust
anterior canines.
110. DENTEX HYPSELOSOMUS Bleeker.
Head 2.75; depth 2.2; eye 3.8; snout 2.4; maxillary 2.6; mandi-
ble 2.5; interorbital 3.75: preorbital 3.75; D. XII, 10; longest dorsal
a
EE
: SB =
aS
WY
\
LLs
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se
Ker
Zk
Se
eZ
TIS
Zee
E 4
Ze
Rae
een
Zr
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Kh Qe
GIN Te
\) A : ny in Me
yoo
We
FIG. 17.—DENTEX HYPSELOSOMUS.
spine 2.5; ray 3.2; A. III, 8; longest anal spine 3; ray 3.2; ventrals
1.8; pectoral 1.2; scales 6-50-13. Body short, deep, and compressed,
back considerably elevated and trenchant; the anterior profile concave
in front of eyes and with a hump above; caudal peduncle moderately
compressed, its least width 2 in eye, its least depth slightly greater
than eye; head large and deep, mouth large, somewhat oblique, the
Jaws equal; maxillary heavy, slipping for most its length under the
broad, thin preorbital; premaxillaries considerably protractile; teeth
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
in jaws in an irregular sparse row, broadened into a patch anteriorly;
tip of each jaw with 4 large, stout, recurved canines, behind which are
the smaller, blunter teeth; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue; eye
large, rather high, entirely above upper lip; nostrils remote, the
anterior small and round, the posterior larger and ovoid; preorbital
very deep; edge of preopercle crenulate; opercle ending in a broad,
flat point. Scales large, cycloid, firm, the exposed part much deeper
than long; forehead, snout, and preorbital naked; posterior part of cheek
and opercles with large scales; nape with smaller scales; a few scales
on base of pectoral, and many fine scales on caudal. Fins moderate,
the dorsal and anal each folding down into a scaly sheath at base; dorsal
spines rather long and slender; anal spines heteracanthous, the second
much broader than the others; ventrals not reaching vent; pectoral
longer, reaching origin of anal.
No. xx, a specimen 11 inches long, from Formosa, and No. 366
from Formosa.
Forward very gibbous, with a slight concavity above the projecting
snout; canines very strong; lateral teeth small, two-rowed, slightly
bluntish, not molar-like. Pectoral 3.3 in length; canines 4. Silvery
in spirits, doubtless crimson in life, the space between the eyes paler.
11r. NEMIPTERUS VIRGATUS (Houttuyn).
(Synagris sinensis (Lacépéde) Giinther; Dentea setigerus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
One specimen, No. 1x, from Formosa, F. I.
One specimen, No. 333, from Keerun. The depth of body is 3.5 in
length (without caudal) in this common Japanese species, not 4, as
stated by Giinther.
112, NEMIPTERUS MATSUBARZ Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3.5; depth 3.5; eye 4; snout 3; maxillary 2.5; mandible 2.2;
interorbital 6; preorbital 4.2; D. X, 9; longest dorsal spine 2.5; ray
1.75; A. III, 8; longest anal spine 3, ray 1.9; ventral 1, reaching origin
of anal; pectoral 1.2; scales 4-48—9; scales on cheek in 3 rows. Body
oblong, compressed, deepest through base of ventral; caudal deeply
forked; head subconic; preorbital almost as deep as eye; mouth low,
anterior profile in a long, gentle curve; eye moderate; maxillary reach-
ing anterior edge of pupil; mouth moderate, horizontal; no teeth on
vomer, palatines, or tongue, a single row of small cardiform teeth on
sides of each jaw, in lower jaw this row widens into a band of villi-
form teeth, anteriorly, those in front shghtly larger; lower jaw with-
out canines; front of upper jaw with about 8 large, curved canine
teeth; dorsal outline a straight line to base of caudal; soft dorsal
slightly higher than spinous portion; first anal spine shortest, fin
gradually lengthening to last ray; ventral and pectoral long and
narrow; no filaments on the fins.
No. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 347
Type.—No. 5071, specimen 10.6 inches long, from Giran, Formosa,
returned to the Imperial University of Tokyo.
Head 2.5 (2.6 without flaps); depth 3.2; eye 5; snout 4.5; maxillary
2- mandible 1.7; interorbital 7.75; suborbital 12; D. XI, 13; A. III, 8;
seales 22-110-40. Body short and compressed; head large, pointed;
mouth very large, oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting; maxil-
lary long, reaching posterior edge of orbit; teeth strong, canine-like
in jaws, the band broadening in front where the outer teeth are
enlarged; patch of teeth on vomer and palatines, none on tongue; eye
rather large; preopercle serrate, with 3 strong spines at the angle;
opercle with 3 flat spines, the middle one strongest; nostrils small, in
front of dorsal third of eye; interorbital narrow; caudal peduncle
much compressed, its least depth 3.75 in head, with flap. Scales very
small, covering body and entire head; lateral line slightly arched above
. ee
ah
RN ae
EL eee
i
ma
yp y
ae.
FiG. 18.—NEMIPTERUS MATSUBARE.
the pectoral. Fins rather high; origin of dorsal over opercular spines;
origin of anal under first dorsal ray; pectoral rather long and broad,
reaching vent; ventrals scarcely reaching vent.
Color in alcohol, light brown; upper two-thirds of body, opercle,
and nape with sparse, small roundish dark brown spots; dorsal, caudal,
and anal with similar spots, fewest on anal.
One specimen 8 inches long, from Giran, Formosa.
General color in aleohol, pale dusky gray with silvery reflections,
and some slight indications of dark in narrow lines on edge of scales
along lateral line, and over body posterior to front of anal; dorsal
and anal dark at base, this dark being in cresent spots as large as pupil
on anterior base of membrane, rest of fin pale; caudal and pectoral
pale; ventrals pale, except the third ray, which is yellow; this yellow
extends on to the posterior base of the first and second rays; dorsal
with a light yellow edge, anal with a yellow median stripe and a yellow
edge.
348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
Family HASMULID.
113. THERAPON THERAPS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen from Keerun.
114. THERAPON CANCELLATUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen from Kotosho, agreeing fairly with Bleeker’s figure.
115. THERAPON QUADRILINEATUS (Bloch).
One specimen, No. 284, from Giran, agreeing with the account given
by Dr. Giinther. One specimen from Keerun.
116. THERAPON JARBUA (Forskal).
(Therapon servus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
One specimen, No. 7 x, from Formosa, F. I.
117. PLECTORHYNCHUS OCYURUS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3.75; depth 3; eye 3.5; snout 3.5; maxillary 3.2; mandible 3;
interorbital 4; preorbital 9.5; D. XIV, 18; longest dorsal spine 2.3,
ray 8; A. IIL, 8; longest anal spine 2.5, ray 2.9; ventral 1.5; pectoral
TITY
eS FSe2
oe
Aye
2
roy
qe
FIG. 19.—PLECTORHYNCHUS OCYURUS.
1.2: scales 19-115-21. Body rather long and compressed, the dorsal
and ventral outlines about equally arched; nape rather trenchant;
head moderate, pointed, jaws equal; maxillary broad at tip, slipping
under preorbital for its entire length; teeth on jaws in a moderately
broad band, the outer in front enlarged and canine-like, especially in
upper jaw; no teeth on vomer, palatines, or tongue, eye very large,
on level of upper lip; nostrils small, close together, oval, on level of
upper edge of orbit; preopercle with numerous rather strong, slender
ee
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 349
teeth. Scales small, ctenoid, densely covering entire head and body
and extending considerably upon caudal fin; a scaly sheath at base of
anal and dorsal; lateral line nearly straight, an occasional scale with-
out a pore. Fins rather high; the dorsal spines long, sharp, and slen-
der; second anal spine strong; caudal somewhat lunate; the pectoral
long and somewhat falcate, reaching tips of ventrals.
Color in alcohol, yellowish-olive, somewhat rusty on head; mem-
brane of spinous dorsal edged with black; a faint dark line through
middle of soft dorsal; anal dusky, pale at tip.
Type. No. 347, a specimen 12.5 inches long, from Formosa, returned
to the Imperial Fisheries Institute.
118. PLECTORHYNCHUS RADJABAN (Lacéepéde).
(Diagramma punctatum Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
A large specimen, No. 372, from Formosa, F. I. Body unspotted;
dorsal and caudal with black spots, thus corresponding to Diagramma
cinerascens Cuvier and Valenciennes. D. X, 21.
One specimen, No. 346, from Formosa, F. I.
119. PLECTORHYNCHUS PCECILOPTERUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 270, from Keerun. One specimen, No. 305,
from Giran.
120. POMADASIS HASTA (Bloch).
Two specimens from Keerun. Spots on back obscure; on spinous
dorsal very distinct.
» >
One large specimen, No. 353, from Formosa, F. I.
121. POMADASIS MACULATUS (Bloch).
One specimen from Keerun. The snout a little more blunt than in
Day’s figure.
122. SCOLOPSIS VOSMERI (Bloch).
(Scolopsis japonicus Bloch; Scolopsis torquatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
99
One specimen, No. 331, from Keerun. White nuchal band very
conspicuous; each scale with a dark blotch surrounded by pearly blue.
The name vosmer? (1790) has priority over that of auratus (1797).
According to Dr. Day, Scolopsis torquatus, which our specimen rep-
resents, is the young of S. vosmer?.
123. SCOLOPSIS MONOGRAMMA (Kuhl and Van Hasselt).
One specimen from Giran, No. 287, agreeing with the account given
by Cuvier and Valenciennes. A rather broad dark band extends
below the lateral line from the head to base of caudal, broader mesially
and bordered above and below by pale.
One specimen, No. 306, from Keerun.
- =
350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
124. CAESIO CHRYSOZONA (Kuhl and Van Hasselt).
One specimen from Keerun.
125. CAXSIO TILE Cuvier and Valenciennes.
A small specimen in poor condition from Keerun, the dusky lateral
band almost obliterated, probably belongs to this species. Axillary
spot distinct; each caudal lobe with a broad dusky lengthwise band;
side of body apparently with a broad dark longitudinal band.
DX, 1G:
Family SPARID.
126. LETHRINUS LEUTJANUS (Bloch).
One large specimen, No. 334, from Formosa, F. I.
One specimen, No. 310, from Giran. The pearl-colored spots on
the scales are still very distinct.
127. LETHRINUS RICHARDSONI Gunther.
One specimen corresponding very closely to Richardson’s figure.'
128. PAGRUS MAJOR (Schlegel).
One large specimen, No. x11, from Formosa, F. 1.
A large specimen, No. 373, from Formosa, F. I.
129. PAGRUS CARDINALIS (Schlegel).
One specimen, No. 13 x, from Formosa, F. I.
130. ARGYROPS LONGIFILIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 318, from Kotosho. ‘This species seems to be
distinct from Argyrops spinifera; the body is a little deeper depth
1.9), and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth spines have fleshy-like fila-
ments reaching almost to end of caudal. The genus Argyrops of
Swainson differs from Pagrus in its filamentous dorsal, a character of
doubtful value.
131. SPARUS BERDA Forskal.
One specimen, No. 10 x, from Formosa, F. I. It agrees with
Chrysophrys datnia of Day in the anal spines and with C. berda in the
width of the preorbital. It is not unlikely that Gunther and Stein-
dachner are right in referring all of these to one species.
132. SPARUS LATUS Houttuyn.
(Chrysophrys aries Schlegel. )
One specimen, No. 5072, from Giran.
1 Voy. Sulphur, pl. rxiv, fig. 1.
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. oD
Family SCLAINID A.
133. CORVULA ARGENTATA Houttuyn.
One specimen, No. x 71, from Formosa, F. I. It seems to agree
with OCorvula argentata (= Sciena schlegeli Bleeker) from Japan, but
the soft dorsal rays are fewer (I, 23), the teeth are rather stronger
than usual, and the black markings on first dorsal more distinct.
Family PENTACEROTID.
134. ANOPLOS BANJOS Bleeker.
One specimen, No. 285, from Formosa, F. I., similar to Japanese
examples.
Family POLYNEMID 4.
135. POLYDACTYLUS PLEBEIUS (Broussonnet).
A small specimen, No. 324, from Kotosho. Scales about 50; pec-
toral filaments 5, the longest reaching beyond ventrals. The specimen
is in bad order and the identification not quite certain.
136. POLYDACTYLUS RHADINUS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3.6; depth 4.6; eye 4.5; snout 9; maxillary 1.7; interorbital 5;
D. VII-I, 15; A. III, 16; scales 10-89-12; pectoral 1.4; ventrals 2.5.
Body long and slender, compressed, the back not much elevated; head
FIG. 20.—POLYDACTYLUS RHADINUS.
long, pointed, the snout blunt; mouth very large, nearly horizontal,
the lower jaw much the shorter, the snout greatly projecting; maxil-
lary very long and slender, projecting far behind the eye: teeth in
jaws in broad setiform bands, covering the jaws not only on top but
extending far down both sides; preorbital very narrow; eye covered
largely by adipose membrane; caudal peduncle long and_ slender.
Dorsal fins two; remote, the anterior of slender spines only, inserted
Soe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
in front of ventrals; second dorsal high, the free margin concave,
anal similar to soft dorsal, the last ray more produced; caudal ray
deeply lunate, the lobes much produced and falcate; pectoral mod-
erate, somewhat falcate, four filamentous rays widely detached and
nearly equal to head in length; ventrals short. Scales rather small.
smooth, thin, and deciduous; lateral line extending upon lower lobe
of caudal which is scaled at base.
Color in alcohol, silvery, the spinous dorsal and pectoral fins dark,
anterior edge of second dorsal also dark; detached pectoral rays white.
Type.—No. 17 x, a specimen 10.75 inches long, from Formosa, F. I.,
returned to the Imperial Fisheries Institute.
Family GERRID.
137- XYSTAEMA FILAMENTOSUM (Cuvier and Valenciennes),
One specimen, No. 323, from Kotosho.
Dorsal filament broken. Faint, roundish, brownish spots present as
shown in Bleeker’s figure, these arranged in vertical cross rows; obso-
lete dark spots at base of dorsal rays. Depth 2.4 in length; scales 46.
One fine specimen, No. 40 x, from Formosa, F. I.
Family POMACENTRID A.
138. GLYPHISODON SAXATILIS (Linnzus).
Head 2.5 in length; depth 2; D. XIII, 13; A. Il, 12; scales 5-30-12.
Dark bands 5, about as broad as the interspaces, the first from the
nape to the axil forming a black spot on the pectoral; two below the
spinous dorsal, the fourth under front of soft dorsal, the last under
caudal peduncle; spinous dorsal dusky; soft dorsal and anal dusky at
base and tip; caudal plain, without dark margin above or below.
This is Glyphisodon colestinus (the variety with plain caudal) of
Giinther and Bleeker, and corresponds fairly to Bleeker’s fig. 5 in Pl.
IX, in Bleeker’s Atlas of the Pomacentride. But the true Glyphi-
sodon calestinus has the caudal edged above and below with blackish.
Whether this character is of distinctive value we have not the material
to decide.
The names Chetodon saxatilis and Chetodon rotundus of Linneeus
seem to belong to the present species. The American species, hereto-
fore called Glyphisodon saxatilis, is a different species, having six black
bands, the body deeper and the bands narrower. This may stand as
Glyphisodon marginatus (Bloch). The Hawaiian species Glyphisodon
abdominalis (Cuvier and Valenciennes), with deeper body and very
narrow crossbands, is also different, although more like G. marginatus.
It is not certain whether this species or G. cv/est/nus is the original of
Chetodon saxvatilis, or indeed that the two forms are really distinct,
;
7
:
NO. 1289, FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. one
but the name may be applied provisionally to the present form. We
have numerous young examples of Glyphisodon saxatilis from Misaki.
Sparus fasciatus Gronow and Labrus sexfasciatus Lacépéde are
probably referable to this species or to G. calestinus. Cheetodon
tyrwhitt? seems to be G. calestinus. Glyphisodon rahti Cuvier and
Valenciennes, from the Red Sea and elsewhere, is said to have the
fourth band under the second half of the spinous dorsal. It is, how-
ever, doubtless identical with G. sawatilis. No. 294, Formosa, F. I.
139. GLYPHISODON SORDIDUS (Forskal).
One specimen from Kotosho similar to others from Hawaii and
Misaki.
Family LABRIDZ.
140. CHGZEROPS AZURIO Jordan and Snyder.
( Cherops japonicus (Cuvier and Valenciennes); not Labrus japonicus Houttuyn. )
One specimen from Keerun.
141. CHGZEROPS NYCTEMBLEMA!' Jordan and Evermann, new species.
A large specimen, 18 inches long, No. 856, Formosa, F. 1., returned
to the Imperial Fisheries Institute.
FiG. 21.—CH@ROPS NYCTEMBLEMA.
In the mouth is a card with these notes in Japanese: ** Body with
rows of purplish spots. Iris and chin blue.”
Head 3.5; depth 2.7; eye 6.8; snout 2.2; interorbital 3.8; preor-
mbital 9.7; D. XIII, 7; longest dorsal spine 3.5, ray 2.1; A. III, 10;
longest anal spine 4, ray 2; ventral 1.5; pectoral 1.2; scales 5-80—9.
1The name vvé, night, é4Anuwa, banner, refers to the black flag, the emblem of
Formosa.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02
23
354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Body short, stout and compressed; anterior profile very steep, in a
strong curve from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin; head large;
mouth large, the gape reaching middle of eye; jaws armed each
with about four large, strong canines in front, with short, blunt,
coalesced teeth on sides; three somewhat stronger close-set canines at
base of upper jaw; eye moderate, high up; caudal peduncle deep and
much compressed. Scales very large, thin, and adherent, those on
cheek much reduced. Dorsal fin long, moderately high, and beginning
over base of pectoral; anal beginning under twelfth dorsal spine, the
last rays somewhat produced; caudal squarely truncate; pectoral
broad, fan-shaped, the upper rays the longer; ventrals long and
pointed, reaching vent, coterminous with the pectoral.
Color in alcohol, dirty olive-brown, scales of side and_ breast
broadly edged with black or dark brown, irregular hair-like lines of
dark over rest of scale; lateral line dark; base of pectoral dark, with
a broad blue line through it; upper edge of pectoral with dark blotches;
‘audal peduncle with about 6 longitudinal series of oblong bright blue
spots; fins all dusky and yellowish.
142. DUYM4ERIA FLAGELLIFERA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
(Ctenolabrus aurigaria and C. rubellio Richardson).
One specimen, from Keerun.
This species is probably identical with the Japanese species, Duy-
meria flagellifera Cuvier and Valenciennes, of which Duymeria japon-
icw Bleeker is a synonym. The equally common Japanese form, Day-
meria spilogaster Bleeker, is the female of )). flagellifera.
143. ANAMPSES CHZERULEOPUNCTATUS (Rippell).
One fine specimen, No. 348, from Formosa, F. I.
144. HEMIPTERONOTUS VERRENS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
One specimen from Keerun, distinguished by the very long ventrals.
Head 3.5; depth 2.9; eye 4.3; snout 2.4; interorbital 2 in snout;
D. II-VIII, 12; A. III, 12; scales 3-29-7. Body short, deep, and
very greatly compressed; head very short, the anterior profile nearly
vertical; body highest at base of pectoral, thence tapering evenly on
dorsal and ventral profiles to caudal; nape trenchant; eye high up;
mouth small and low; teeth on jaws in a single close-set row, two out-
wardly directed strong canines in front in each jaw. Scales very thin;
cheek with smaller scales; rest of head naked; lateral line running
high, until near end of soft dorsal, where it drops 3 scales. _ Dorsal
fin beginning on nape above posterior edge of orbit, the first 2 spines
ve
wo.1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 355
detached and somewhat longer; anal beginning under first soft dorsal
ray; caudal somewhat pointed or rounded; pectoral long and slightly
faleate; ventral with the outer ray produced, reaching past front of
anal.
Color in alcohol, pale yellowish, somewhat rosy on opercle; poste-
rior part of side with indications of indistinct longitudinal lines; doubt-
less red in life.
Type.—A specimen +.5 inches long, No. 7134, Stanford University
Museum.
\
y
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ee
SS
Fic. 22.—HEMIPTERONOTUS VERRENS.
145. GUNTHERIA CENTIQUADRA (Lacépéde).
(Julis hortulanus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
Coloration as described by Dr. Giinther, except that no dark spots
appear at base of caudal above; caudal and anal nearly plain. Canines
3, the pair of small teeth next them somewhat enlarged; posterior
canine inconspicuous, much smaller than figured in G. centiquadra.
It is probably, however, not a distinct species. One specimen from
Kotosho.
The genus Guntheria (including Hem/tautoga) may be retained for
those species of //alichares which have the upper part of the cheek
covered with small scales, the cheek in //alichwres being naked.
146. CHEILO INERMIS (Forskal).
\
One specimen, No. 11484, from Formosa, F. I.
ee
356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family SCARIDA.
147. SCARUS LACERTA (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
(Scarus wruginosus Bleeker, Giinther, Day; probably not of Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
A fine specimen, No. 37 x, Formosa, F. I.
No posterior canine; upper lip covering more than half of upper
jaw; two rows of scales on cheek, with one or two below on opercular
limb; caudal short, lunate; three pale streaks on side of belly; dorsal
edged with dusky; caudal rather dark, the color otherwise lost.
The species called Scarus wruginosus from the Red Sea, uniform
green, with green jaws, is apparently some other fish. In any case
the name Scarus lacerta has priority.
Family ILARCHIDZ.
148. ILARCHES ORBIS (Bloch).
One specimen, No. 351, Formosa, F. I.
Family EPHIPPID.
149. EPHIPPUS ARGUS! (Gmelin).
One specimen, No. 5073, from Suwata.
One specimen, No. 309, from Giran. :
Family PLATACID.
150. PLATAX TEIRA (Forskal).
One specimen, No. 298, from Hokoto, agreeing with a Japanese
specimen from the coast of Rikuzen.
D. V, 33; scales 60.
One specimen, No. 341, Formosa, F. I.
Family CHASTODONTID.
151. CHA TODON PRATEXTATUS Cantor.
(? Chetodon reticulatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
(Chetodon collaris Bleeker; not of Bloch.)
Two specimens, Nos. 12 x and 296, Formosa, F. I.
A specimen, No. 365, from Formosa, F. I.
These differ from a Japanese specimen (from Satsuma) of Chetodon
collaris Bloch (= Cheetodon aureus Schlegel = Chetodon auripes Jordan
and Snyder), in not having any of the dark streaks branched or forked
1This species is the original type of Cuvier’s genus Ephippus. Ephippus should
replace Scatophagus and Cacodoxus.
No. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 357
behind, as is the case in the Japanese specimen and as figured by
Schlegel (Chetodon aureus). In the Japanese species the white band
before the eye ceases at the level of the eyes, while in the Formosa
species it extends above it. The Formosan specimens belong to Cheto-
don collaris Bleeker, not Bloch, but we are not quite sure of their
identity with C. ret/culatus.
152. CHAXTODON FASCIATUS Forskal.
(Chextodon lunula Lacépéde. )
One specimen from Kotosho identical with others from Honolulu.
153. CHAZETODON LINEOLATUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Nos. 299 and 301, from Hokoto (Pescadores Islands).
Chetodon semilarvatus, described as having 12 vertical cross-streaks
of orange, can not be this species, as this one has about 16 cross-streaks.
154. CHAETODON CITRINELLUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.
D. XIV, 21; A. ILI, 16; scales 36.
Dark spots along the rows of scales very distinct, as is also the yel-
low stripe above the broad black edge of the anal; dorsal with a very
narrow dark edge. This species is wrongly identified by Bleeker with
Chetodon miliaris.
One specimen from Kotosho.
155. MICROCANTHUS STRIGATUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen, No. 311, of this common Japanese species.
Family ACANTHURID ®.
156. TEUTHIS TRIOSTEGUS (Linnzus).
One specimen, No. 326, from Kotosho.
Belly abruptly white, below a wavy bounding line; two black spots
at base of caudal, one at upper, the other at lower edge; a black bar
below eye; four black bars below dorsal fin; four black spots about
base of pectoral; lips black.
This species, which is probably the original ftrdostegus, differs from
the species called by that name in Hawaii and on the off-shore islands
of Mexico. The latter is Zeuthis sandwichensis (Streets), its earlier
synomymy, if any exists, being confused with that of 7. tr/ostegus.
157- TEUTHIS DUSSUMIERI (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
A large specimen, No. 335, Formosa, F. I.
D. IX, 26. Dark spots on caudal very distinct; traces of narrow
wavy blue stripes on head, and faint traces of the same on body; a
pale area about eyes; fins obscurely marked.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXY.
One specimen, No. 300, from Hokoto.
Allied to Teuthis argenteus (=matoides) and related species, but dis-
tinguished by the spotted caudal fin.
158. TEUTHIS BIPUNCTATUS (Giinther).
(Acanthurus nigros Ginther; not A. nigroris Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
Two specimens, No. 322, from Kotosho.
The synonymy of this species is rather uncertain. Our specimens
are characterized by the plain dark-brown coloration, with ink-like
spots in axil of dorsal and anal; lips black. Caudal deeply lunate,
the upper lobe the longer. D. EX, 25; depth 2.17 in length.
159. TEUTHIS OLIVACEUS Solander.
A fine specimen, 13 inches long, No. 362, from Formosa, F. I.
This species is apparently the original Zeuth?s ol/vaceus, although
different from the Polynesian species called by that name. D. LX, 24.
Caudal lobes greatly produced. Orange band on shoulder extending
to end of pectoral.
Head 4; depth 2.2; eye 4.75; snout 1.3; interorbital 2.75; D. LX,
24; longest dorsal spine 2.5, ray 1.6; A. probably about III, 27, the
tin broken and hard to count accurately; ventrals 1.3; pectoral 1.2;
Fig. 23.—TEUTHIS OLIVACEUS.
scales about 140. Body oblong, compressed; dorsal and ventral out-
lines similarly arched; profile of head strongly arched, the outline
almost vertical anteriorly; head rather short, the snout blunt; mouth
very small, jaws equal; teeth broad, flat incisors, the tips and sides
strongly denticulate; preopercular margin very oblique; branchioste-
gal membranes forming a fold across chin; eve small; nostrils close
together in front of eye, the anterior somewhat the larger; caudal
spine strong, somewhat keeled. Scales very small, strongly ctenoid,
no.1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 359
densely covering entire body and head; a few scales on soft dorsal and
anal; caudal fin densely scaled; dorsal fin beginning on nape just back
of eye, the spines somewhat depressible in a groove, the last soft rays
produced; anal similar to soft dorsal but the base longer; caudal
lunate, the upper and lower lobes greatly produced; ventrals rather
short, reaching origin of anal; pectoral short and broad, somewhat
faleate.
Color in alcohol, dark brown, almost black; a long creamy white
blotch on side from upper end of opercle to vertical at tip of pectoral,
this bounded by jet black; fins all blue-black, except caudal which has
a broad, subterminal, white bar on the middle rays, a narrow black
border on tips of rays; pectoral black, the outer fifth yellowish white.
Family SIGANIDAK.
160. SIGANUS VERMICULATUS (Kuhl and Van Hasselt).
One specimen, No. 5074, from Suwata.
Similar to Siganus vermiculatus, but with the body much more
elongate; depth 2.5 in length, without caudal. This difference is per-
haps due to the immaturity of the specimen.
161. SIGANUS FUSCESCENS (Houttuyn).
(Siganus albopunctatus (Schlegel). )
One specimen, No. 290, from Formosa, F. I. It is covered with
small rounded bluish white spots, as usual in Japanese examples.
Two large specimens from Keerun; one specimen, No. 14x, from
Formosa, F’. I.
Family MONACANTHID A.
162. STEPHANOLEPIS SULCATUS (Hollard).
One small specimen, No. 276, from Keerun.
Depth about half length; dorsal spine 1.7 in head; anal rays 32.
Body covered with fine longitudinal striz, the raised keels of the
rows of scales.
Family TETRAODONTID 4.
163. SPHEROIDES OCELLATUS (Osbeck).
One specimen, No. 330, from Hokoto.
Dark blotches behind pectorals forming a bar across the back.
164. SPHEROIDES SCELERATUS (Forster).
One specimen, No. 283, from Hokoto, agreeing with the description
given by Giinther (VIII, 276). The back is dark brown, covered
with darker spots of various sizes; the sides very abruptly silvery.
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family DIODONTID 2.
165. DIODON HOLACANTHUS Linneus.
One specimen from Hokoto, No. 277, similar to Japanese examples.
Family SILLAGINID/E.
166. SILLAGO SIHAMA (Forskal).
One specimen, No. 292, from Formosa, F. I.
167. SILLAGO AZOLUS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 3.4; depth 5.6; eye 3.6; snout 2.5; interorbital 5.5; D. XI-I,
19; A. II, 17; seales 5-76-8. Body long, slender, and compressed;
anterior profile gently arched from tip of snout to origin of spinous
dorsal; ventral outline nearly straight; head long, the snout pointed;
mouth small, low, somewhat oblique, the lower jaw included; teeth in
on
i B 3 a
SoS
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TILLER I
i
i
422
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LIL E27
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Fig. 24.—SILLAGO %OLUS.
broad villiform bands on each jaw and on yvomer; head very rugose, the
muciferous structure strongly marked; eye large, lateral; snout long
and pointed; caudal peduncle moderate, compressed, its least depth a
little more than one-half snout. Scales rather thin, somewhat irregular,
weakly ctenoid; lateral line complete, slightly arched above the pectoral;
nape scaled, head naked, except on cheek, where there are about two
rows of large scales. Dorsal fins two, the first of long, slender spines,
its origin above middle of pectoral; interspace between fins short;
anal similar to soft dorsal, its origin somewhat more posterior; pec-
toral and ventrals moderate; caudal slightly forked.
Color in alcohol, pale straw-color; middle of side with two series of
large, oblong, blackish blotches, about six or seven in each series; a
plumbeous silvery band along’ middle of side below lateral line, most
distinet posteriorly; fins all somewhat punctulate.
Type.—A specimen 5.25 inches long from Keerun, Formosa, No.
7135, Stanford University Museum.
no. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 361
Family LATILID.
168. LATILUS JAPONICUS (Houttuyn).
(Latilus sinensis (Lacépede); Latilus argentatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. )
One specimen, No. 30x, from-Formosa, F. I.; one specimen, No.
5368, from Formosa, F. 1.; one specimen, No. 5070, from Giran.
Family PLATYCEPHALID 2.
169. PLATYCEPHALUS INERMIS (Houttuyn).
(Platycephalus crocodilus Tilesius; Platycephalus quttatus Schlegel. )
One specimen from Keerun, apparently identical with others from
Hiroshima.
170. PLATYCEPHALUS INDICUS (Linnezus).
( Platycephalus insidiator Forskal. )
One large specimen, No. 342, from Formosa, F. 1. One large speci-
men, No. 31 x=361, from Formosa, F. I.
Family TRIGLID.
171. LEPIDOTRIGLA ALATA (Houttuyn).
( Lepidotrigha biirgert Schlegel. )
One fine specimen, No. 288, from Hokoto (Pescadore Islands).
Family CEPHALACANTHID.
172. CEPHALACANTHUS JAPONICUS (Bleeker).
One small example, No. 289, from Giran, apparently similar to the
Japanese species, the proper name of which is still uncertain.
Family GOBIID.
173. ELEOTRIS FUSCA (Schneider).
One specimen, No. 5076, from Suwata. Seales about 55. Other-
wise essentially like Hawaiian specimens. A comparison of many
specimens will be necessary to show the value of this character.
174. GLOSSOGOBIUS BRUNNEUS (Schlegel).
One specimen from Kotosho, apparently exactly like others from
Nagasaki; the characteristic cross-lines of dark spots at the nape
present.
One very large specimen from Keerun.
The types of Glossogobius Gill, from Hongkong, referred to Gobcus
platycephalus, must have belonged to this species, having the peculiar
notched tongue.
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. __ Vou. xxv.
175. CTENOGOBIUS PLATYCEPHALUS (Richardson).
Five specimens from Kotosho; one from Taihoku; one larger one,
No. 348, from Formosa, F. I.
This species much resembles Ctenogobius giuris, but the scales
before the dorsal are much larger. It is allied to Glossogobius brun-
neus, but differs in the characters cailed generic in Glossogobius, hay-
ing the tongue not emarginate, and the isthmus broad. The name
Glossogobius refers to the emarginate tongue.
We identify our specimens with Richardson’s description of Gob/us
platycephalus with some doubt, as the original account is very incom-
plete. So far as it goes, however, it agrees with our specimens.
Richardson’s type came from Macao
Family BLENNIID.
176. SALARIAS NAMIYEI' Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 4.5; depth 4.5; eye 2.75; D. XXXII; A. XXIII; P. 13;
V.2. Body short and compressed; head short and very blunt, the
profile from upper lip to top of eye vertical; mouth rather large, low,
Fic. 25.—SALARIAS NAMIYEI.
nearly horizontal, the lower jaw somewhat the shorter; teeth in a very
fine comb-like band on each jaw; eye large, high up, entering the pro-
file; caudal peduncle deep and very thin. Body entirely naked. Dor-
sal fin very long, beginning on nape, composed entirely of soft flexible
spines; anal similar, but beginning under about the thirteenth dorsal
spine, the two fins coterminous; caudal truncate; pectoral broad and
rounded; ventral of two slender rays and a concealed spine; a pair of
short tentacles in front of eye.
‘Named for Motokiche Namiye, curator in the Museum of the University of Tokyo,
author of the earliest systematic account by a native author of the vertebrate ani-
mals of Japan. It is entitled Classified Catalogue of the Specimens of Vertebrates
in the Collections of the Kiyoiku Hakubutsu Kwan (Educational Museum), Tokyo,
1881.
NO. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 363
Color in alcohol, purplish red, paler posteriorly; dorsal fin with
narrow oblique darker markings; anal darker along the margin, and
with a similar median band.
No canines; no tentacles; dorsal not notched, not connected with the
caudal; no sharp color markings.
Type.—No. 278, specimen 2.5 inches long from Hokoto, or Peseadores
Islands; returned to the Imperial University of Tokyo.
Family CKPOLID®.
177. ACANTHOCEPOLA MESOPRION Bleeker.
No. 5063, a specimen 13 inches long from Giran.
Head 12; depth 13; eye 2.75; snout 5.5; interorbital 4.5; maxillary 2;
mandible 1.8: D. 104; A. 105; pectoral 1.75; ventral 2; scales about 300.
Body very long, slender, very greatly compressed, tapering gradu-
ally from the head, where it is deepest, to the very slender tail, the
Og Yj
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FIG. 26.—ACANTHOCEPOLA MESOPRION.
shape resembling that of the scabbard-fish (Z/chiurus lepturus); eye
very large, high up, entering the dorsal profile; snout very short;
mouth very large, nearly vertical; maxillary broad at tip, reaching
past pupil; teeth in a single wide-set row in each jaw, long, recurved,
and canine-like; opercle and preopercle very deep, the latter with about
6 short sharp teeth at the angle; scales very small and smooth, coy-
ering sides of head and entire body; top of head, maxillary, and lower
jaw naked; no lateral line. Dorsal and anal fins very long, each of
about 105 soft rays; the dorsal beginning at nape, the third ray over
opercular opening, the rays all of about equal length, about 1.75 in
head; anal beginning under last third of pectoral, continuous with the
caudal, as is the dorsal, the rays quite uniform in length, the longest
rr
864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
about 1.75 in head; caudal with about 9 rays, the middle ones very
long, nearly twice length of head; pectoral short and broad, ventral I,
4, short, the spine long and slender, 3 in head; vent under nearly
middle of pectoral.
Color in aleohol, dirty silvery, the head and body without markings;
fins all plain except a large black blotch on membrane between the
eighth and eleventh dorsal rays; other fins unmarked.
Dorsal with a large black spot in front; anal with a brown margin;
scales extremely small; preopercle with 7 or 8 spinous teeth.
This species is certainly different from the Japanese Acanthocepola
krusenstern’, having minute scales, doubtless over 300 in the lat-
eral line, and a more elongate body. It may be identical with the
scantily described Cepola limbata or Cepola marginata of Cuyier and
Valenciennes.
Family BROTULID.
178. BROTULA FORMOS£: Jordan and Evermann, new species.
Head 5; depth 4.5; D. 115; caudal 8; A. 83; P. 24; V. 2; about 158
scales ina lateral series between gill-opening and base of caudal; width .
of head 2 in its length; snout 4.5 in head; eve 4.7; interorbital space 6;
maxillary 2 in head; pectoral a little over 2 in head; ventrals about
equal to pectoral.
Fic. 27,—BROTULA FORMOSA,
3ody elongate, compressed, and the tail tapering to a point; head
oblong, compressed; snout blunt, rounded, and rather short; eye rather
small, anterior and superior; mouth large, the maxillary reaching far
behind the eye, and the distal expanded extremity of maxillary about
equal to the diameter of the eye; 6 superior barbels, as 2 nasals and
4 labials, and 6 inferior barbels, 3 on each ramus; lips thick and tough;
teeth in jaws, on vomer and palatines, in broad, villose bands; nostrils
in 2 small tubes, separated by a little space, and upon the sides of the
snout; 2 very short rudimentary barbels between each pair of upper
labial barbels; interorbital space about ? the eye, and convex; maxil-
lary fitting under suborbital flap for nearly its whole distance; oper-
cles with a spine above; tongue pointed, smooth, and free in front;
—— oe
NO. 1289. FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. B65
gill-opening large, the branchiostegal membrane narrowly free over
the isthmus; gillrakers 4+ 18, 3 of which are developed on the
upper part of the ceratobranchial, all the others very short, rounded,
and finely villous; pseudobranchiz well developed; branchiostegals
rather large, 8 in number; intestine short, of several turns; pyloric
2ca 3, short; peritoneum pale or silvery. Scales small, thin, elongate
and cycloid, very small upon the vertical fins, and upon the pectoral,
the latter completely covered. Origin of the dorsal before that of the
pectoral, the fin of uniform height and confluent with the caudal, which
is pointed; origin of the anal much nearer the tip of the snout than
base of caudal and similar to dorsal; pectorals broad, rounded, and a
little less than halfway to origin of anal; ventrals of two filaments,
one much longer than the other and ensheathed in a membrane for
half the length of the longer; ventrals inserted slightly nearer posterior
margin of eye than edge of opercle; lateral line superior and not
particularly distinct.
Color in alcohol, more or less uniform brown, the edges of the
vertical fins and pectorals blackish. Length 19 inches.
This description from a female from Formosa, No. 359, F. L,
returned to the Imperial Fisheries Institute.
Family PLEURONECTID.
179. PSEUDORHOMBUS OLIGODON (Bleeker).
This species differs from Paralichthys arsius (=P. russell?) in hav-
ing the scales on the blind side ctenoid, like those on the left side.
The genus Pseudorhombus (malayanus,; russelli) may be recognized
as distinct from Paralichthys, being characterized by the presence of an
accessory branch to the lateral line running from the upper edge of
the gill-opening to the nape. The American species and the Japa-
nese species olivaceus belong to Paralichthys. The East Indian species
all seem to belong to Pseudorhombus.
The species of this type, described by Richardson
made at Canton, are probably unrecognizable from the descriptions.
One specimen, No. 350, Formosa, F. I.
One specimen, No. 42 x, Formosa, F. I. Gillrakers short, x+11,
about one-third diameter of eye. % 5
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Fic. 28.—LIACHIRUS NITIDUS.
Color in alcohol, yellowish-gray, the body and head sparsely cov
ered with small, roundish, black spots, a few of these upon dorsal
and anal fins; dorsal and anal rays dark edged; caudal with a few
dark specks.
. 182. SYNAPTURA ORIENTALIS (Schneider),
(Synaplura foliacea Richardson. )
One specimen, No. 369, from Formosa, F. I.
The nostrils in this species are similar to those of Synaptura pan.
The genus Luryglossa, based on their supposed peculiarities, is without
foundation.
183. USINOSITA JAPONICA (Schlegel).
One small example from Keerun, similar to examples from Kobe.
184. PARAPLAGUSIA BILINEATA (Bloch).
One specimen, No. 45x, from Formosa, F. I.; one specimen from
Keerun.
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no. 1289. «=FISHES FROM FORMOSA—JORDAN AND EVERMANN. 367
185. CYNOGLOSSUS DIPLASIOS Jordan and Evermann, new species.
One large specimen (No. 43) 10.5 inches long, from Formosa, F. I.,
_ returned to the Imperial Fisheries Institute. This species is well dis-
tinguished by the presence of two complete and well developed lateral
lines on either side.
Head 5 in total length; depth 4; eye 10; snout 2.6; D. 112; A. 95;
scales about 100,40; scales on upper part of head and alone base of
dorsal fin very strongly ctenoid, elsewhere scarcely or not at all cte-
noid; scales on head very much reduced in size; mouth large, fully
protected by the upper lip. Body sinistral, that is, the eyes and color
Ut} titttI WHITES
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Us 7, Mf Ms Mlle Ll,
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Fig. 29.—CYNOGLOSSUS DIPLASIOS.
on the left side; scales of blind side more smooth than elsewhere; nos-
tril small, tubular, close to eyes; upper eye slightly in advance of
lower, equal in size; dorsal beginning on snout in front of eyes; pec-
torals obsolete.
Color in alcohol, pale dirty-yellowish, the head somewhat darker;
no distinct markings anywhere.
186. ZEBRIAS ZEBRA (Bloch).
+
One specimen, No. 44x, from Formosa, F. I., corresponding to
Giinther’s description. D. 80. The figure given by Day! seems to
represent some other fish, with the cross-bands not in pairs, and with
fewer fin rays. .
GENERALIZATIONS.
It is evident that these collections comprise but a small part of the
fish fauna of Formosa, being in fact chiefly made up of the common
market fishes. The gobies and blennies, especially abundant in this
region, are almost unrepresented, while the equally abundant Calliony-
midx are wanting altogether. The scant representation of Labride,
Lolocentridx and Scorpenide shows that no effort was made to secure
the fishes of the coral reefs, and doubtless many of the commonest
species were overlooked or rejected by the collectors. Yet with all
1 Fishes of India, pl. xctv, fig. 3.
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXY.
this, the collections give a fair understanding of the fishes of Formosa.
It is evident in the first place that the marine species are essentially
those of that part of the coast of China having similar physical con-
ditions. The freshwater fishes are derived from China, but are largely
distinct as to species.
‘Compared with Japan and India, the following statistics may be
interesting:
Species.
Commoen.torhormosd mand =Kausitl=: 22 2. ae eee See ee ee 30
Commonsto-Bormosatand undostans 355 sos eae ee a ee ie
Gommon) to bormosas Kausiu, and elimdos tein eet ee a ee 37
It is evident that the faunal relations of Formosa are closer with
those of Hindostan than with even the southernmost of the Japanese
islands, Kiusiu.’ As for the main island of Japan (Hondo), few of its
characteristic species extend their range south of the Tropic of Cancer;
and few of them reach even to the Riukiu Archipelago.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVZ OF SOME MOTHS FROM
COLORADO.
By Harrison G. Dyar,
Custodian of Lepidoptera.
With the sanction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
I spent three months in Colorado in the summer of 1901, to investigate
the life histories of some of the moths of that region. As Colorado
embraces several different faunal regions, and as the arid condition of
the country renders the fauna very sparse and sporadic, different con-
ditions are found to obtain there than in the Atlantic region in the
matter of collecting. It was found impossible to move about so as to
cover various faunal regions without losing the larve already collected
in one place, owing to the impracticability of keeping a fresh supply of
food plants. I located in Denver and collected mainly on the prairies
and foothills within 20 miles of that place. Mr. A. N. Caudell, of the
Department of Agriculture, accompanied me, and was allowed to assist
me by the permission of the entomologist of that Department.
The species of Lepidoptera occurring in Colorado indicate four
faunal regions in the State. (1) The prairie fauna occupies all the flat
land from the bases of the foothills eastward, probably including the
eastern third of the State and reaching to Texas. It is composed
largely of species peculiar to the region. The very dry condition of
this land and the sparse vegetation, mostly disappearing early in the
season, with the absence of trees, renders this condition necessary.
(2) The fauna of the foothills occupies the hilly and uneven land from
the bases of the mountains up to timber line. The line of division
between this fauna and that of the prairie is very marked. The foot-
hills rise quite sharply from the plains, and within afew paces, almost,
the change in the fauna is observable. The foothills have a few trees,
pine, and other evergreens, withadwarf oak, all sparsely distributed;
a hardy bush, Cerocarpus parvifolius, seems to prefer the most unfa-
_vorable hilltops. In the bottoms of the canyons, where water persists,
_ cottonwood, willow, and other trees occur, often densely, which per-
‘mits the occurrence of many species belonging to the Atlantic region
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXV—No. 1290.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 24 369
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL, XXV.
370
that are absent from the other faunal regions of Colorado. I did
not notice any essential change in the fauna with altitude, from the
base of the foothills (5,000 feet) to timber line (12,000 feet). Natu-
rally the individuals were later to emerge in the higher altitudes, but
on the whole they were the same species. (3) The Alpine fauna
occurs on the high peaks above timber line. It is a small fauna, but
entirely distinct from the others. It is essentially that of all moun-
tain peaks, being comparable with the mountain summits of New
Hampshire and with Labrador. (4) The fauna of western Colorado
occupies the valleys west of the continental divide and doubtless extends
to the Sierra Nevada of California and to Mexico. It was impossible
to obtain any larvee from this region, much to my regret. Efforts
were made to do so, but proved ineffectual without sacrificing the larvee
that had been collected in the eastern foothills. It is of these latter,
with a few from the prairie region, that I have made note.
The following is only a partial list of species observed. Those of
which the larve did not come under observation, even though the
moths were collected, are not mentioned. Besides the 69 species here
noted, I have given full life histories of 10 species of Geometride in
‘*Psyche,” descriptions of the larve of 3 species of Depressaria
in Mr. Aug. Busck’s paper on that genus, 5 species of Gelechia in Mr.
Busck’s article on the Gelechiidee, and of Zriprocris smithsonianus
in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. A
number of species were noted but not bred, and there remain several
not yet satisfactorily determined, to which I shall revert when the
opportunity offers.
LIST OF SPECIES.
Hemileuca maia Drury.
FHemileuca nevadensis Stretch.
Pseudohazis shastaensis Behrens.
Apantesis superba Stretch.
Apantesis figurata Drury.
Leptarctia californix Walker.
Leucarctia acrea Drury.
Eubaphe aurantiaca Huebner.
Halisidota maculata Harris.
var. alui Henry Edwards.
Heliothis phlogophagus Groteand Robinson.
Caradrina extimia Walker.
Leucania farcta Grote.
Stretchia plusiiformis Henry Edwards.
NXylina torrida Smith.
NXylomiges simplex Walker.
Thyreion rosea Smith.
Cucullia letifica Lintner.
Ipimorpha pleonectusa Grote.
Cissura valens Henry Edwards.
Syneda howlandii Grote.
Syneda hastingsti Henry Edwards.
Alypia maccullochii Kirby.
Malacosoma tigris Dyar. 2
Eudule unicolor Robinson.
Hydriomene trifasciata Borkhausen.
Sciagraphia pervolata Hulst.
Diastictis occiduaria Packard.
Alcis haydenata Packard.
Enemera juturnaria Guenée.
Epiplatymetra coloradaria Grote and Rob-
inson.
Odontosia elegans Strecker.
Pheosia dimidiata Herrich-Schaeffer.
Tortricidia testacea Packard.
var. crypta Dyar.
Melitara junctolineella Hulst.
Acrobasis betulella Hulst.
Pionea belialis Druce.
Oxyptilus delawaricus Zeller.
Pterophorus sulphureodactylus Packard.
Platyptilia cosmodactyla Huebner.
so ante allan 2) at aman
NO. 1290. LARV OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 371
Alucita cinerascens Walsingham. Nealyda bifidella Dietz.
Teras foliana Walsingham. Gelechia ribesella Chambers.
Cacecia argyrospila Walker. Gelechia unctella Zeller.
var. vividana Dyar. Gelechia pravinominella Chambers.
Cacecia semiferana Walker. Gelechia anarsiella Chambers.
Cacecia negundana Dyar. Gelechia versutella Zeller. :
Cacecia cerasivorana Fitch. Gelechia ocellella Chambers.
Cacecia rosaceana Harris. Gracilaria pnosmodiella Busck.
Lophoderus coloradana Fernald. Gracilaria thermopsella Chambers.
Cenopis directana Walker. Leucoptera albella Chambers.
Platynota labiosana Zeller. Lithariapteryx abronixella Chambers.
Orchemia diana Huebner. Lithocolletis cincinatiella Chambers.
var. betuliperda Dyar. Lithocolletis basistrigella Clemens.
Cerostoma rubrella Dyar. Lithocolletis fitchella Clemens.
Gnorimoschema coquillettella Busck. Lithocolletis salicifoliella Clemens.
Anacampsis innocuella Zeller. | Tisheria cinctipennella Clemens.
Family SATURNIID.
HEMILEUCA MAIA Drury.
Larva.—Head and feet dark mahogany red in the last stage, black
before that; width 4.5 mm. Body black, thickly covered with second-
ary yellow dots centered by black hair tubercles; subdorsal, lateral, and
waved substigmatal lines yellow, broken; incisures reddish. Spines
all long, some setze white; spiracles black, the elevated spots behind
them on joints 5 and 11 reddish.
This larva is well known in the Atlantic coast region from Massa-
chusetts to Florida and has been often described. The young larvee
were found gregariously on the oak on May 20, in a gulch leading up
from the Platte Canyon. They were matured about the Ist of July.
No moths were bred, but I can not doubt the identification, as the larva
is very familiar to me.
HEMILEUCA NEVADENSIS Stretch.
Larva.—Head, plates, and feet very bright mahogany red; width
4.5 mm. Body with the yellow spots confluent all over the dorsal
and lateral spaces, making the ground color yellow except narrowly
subdorsally and ventrally. Spines of the upper row all bright brown,
the long ones with black shafts.
This larva is well known in the Pacific coast region and through the
arid West, and has been described in all its stages. Several were
found on willow near Denver by a water course in the prairie, and
were matured about the Ist of July. A moth emerged in September.
The occurrence of these two species within a few miles of each other,
but in different faunal regions, is interesting, both as illustrating that
they are different species though so similar, and how the Atlantic
coast fauna is interpolated in the middle of the Western one along the
foothills of the Rocky Mountains,
372 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
PSEUDOHAZIS SHASTAENSIS Behrens.
Larva.—Head high, tapering conically, clypeus low, sutures
impressed, erect, free, shining black; width 4.5 mm. Body purplish
black with faint traces of white lines, the subventral the most distinct;
secondary hairs fine, pale, with imperceptible tubercles. Upper row
of spines shortened on joints 5 to 12, most of the spinules buff yellow;
some buff ones also on the not shortened upper spines of joint 4; other
spines black; no white dots on the body.
The larvee were found, gregarious when young, on rose and wild
cherry on the foothills back of Golden. They were matured about
the middle of July. /’seudohazis occurs all through the West, but
there are three forms or species. The one occurring on the eastern
foothills is the one with pink ground color in the fore wings that I
call shastaensis, as proved by examples in Prof. C. P. Gillette’s collection.
Family ARCTIID 4.
APANTESIS SUPERBA Stretch.
Larva.—Head shining black, labrum yellowish, antenne pale, pink-
ish at base; width 3.3mm. Body black, thoracic feet black, the abdom-
inal ones pinkish, pale. Warts large, normal, arctiiform, i and ii with
shining bases, i over half as large as ii, which is elongate. Hair abun-
dant, bristly, sparsely barbuled, rather short before, long on joints 12
and 13; most of the hair from wart i and a few on the sides of ii are
yellow, below this jet black mixed with white, mostly white from
warts iv tovi. Warts ili orange, the rest black. A light yellow dor-
sal line, broken into three spots on each segment, distinct, most of
them lanceolate; a line on joints 2 and 3, no shields; joint 2 with lit-
tle warts, normal. -
A variety had the dorsal line nearly obsolete, composed of a few
dots; wart ii black like the others. Hairs nearly all yellow, only a
few black ones mixed; some longer white ones posteriorly.
Found at Boulder and Golden in the foothills on the ground or feed-
ing on low plants, Astragalusand Lupinus. The larvee were very lively
and would run for shelter when discovered. They became matured in
June, apparently from hibernated larve. Moth, July 13. Though
not uncommon they were hard to rear, and only one female was
obtained. I think, however, that this is the larva of A. ¢ncorrupta, of
which I have only males.
A parasite, Zachina mella Walker, was bred from one larva.
APANTESIS FIGURATA Drury.
Larva.—Head shining black, epistoma and bases of antenne pale;
width 2.7 mm. Body brown-black, the abdominal feet pale reddish.
A broad, distinct, sharp dorsal line, narrowed between warts i, cream
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 373
white, pinkish shaded in the incisures. Warts black, hair bristly,
sparsely barbuled; 1 small, less than one-third the size of ii, i with
small, ii with large shining base, normal. Hair all black, even the sub-
ventral, longer on joints 12 and 13.
One larva found by Mr. E. J. Oslar on the foothills, May 12; it fed
on alfalfa. The moth that emerged was of the form (/-pallida
Strecker.
LEPTARCTIA CALIFORNIA Walker.
Figg. —Low conoidal, practically two-thirds spherical, shining pearly
flesh color; rather coarsely reticularly shagreened, almost definitely
reticulate at the vertex, but the lines broad and confused; diameter 1
mim., height 0.7 mm.
Stuge I.—Head bilobed, erect, shining black. Body translucent,
faintly yellowish, warts and shields dark brown, thoracic feet black;
slight reddish-brown shading about the warts. On thorax warts ia and
ib united on a single large plate, single haired; iib small, shortly sepa-
rated from iia; iv single, vi double, no subprimaries. On abdomen i
small, ii on a large plate, ili with two hairs, iv and v single, iv well
behind the spiracle, vi absent, but a small, elongate, hairless shield in
its place; vii forming a well-developed shield on the leg. Cervical
shield with four hairs on each side, three of them black; two other
hairs detached on a tiny wart. Joint 13 anteriorly has one wart with
four hairs and one with two. The rudimentary tubercle vi is present
on joints 5 to 12. Hairs long and fine.
The remaining stages have been fully described by Prof. G. H.
French.’ He found five stages, which my observations do not con-
tradict. Mr. Oslar secured me some eggs, and I obtained others from
moths taken on the foothills behind Golden, and later I found some
larve there on the ground or feeding on low plants. The species is
not uncommon in the foothills and canyons; I remember it to have been
abundant in Williams Canyon near Manitou in 1891.
LEUCARCTIA ACRAEA Drury.
This ubiquitous larva occurred on the prairie and on the footh'lls as
high as Salida, where Mrs. A. N. Caudell collected one. The spec’es
seems to despise all natural boundaries and be at home in all faur~'
regions.
EUBAPHE AURANTIACA Huebner.
Rather low, roundedly conoidal, the base flat and slightly
rimmed; shining pale yellow. Reticulations narrowly linear, irregu-
larly hexagonal, not raised, faint. Diameter, 0.6 mm. Turned dull
pink.
Stage I.—Head rounded, cordate, pale luteous, shining, broadly
;
Lg gs.
1Can. Ent., X XI, 1889, p. 210.
374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
gray shaded over the vertex; eye black. Body normal, aretiiform,
pale luteous, warts and shields: smoky; hairs dark, long, especially
long from joints 5, 6, and 12. Warts i conjoined on the dorsal line
into a single pentagonal shield on joints 5 to 11, two separate, elongate,
parallel shields on joint 12, single haired; ii single haired, produced
forward and downward; ii to vy single, normal; vi absent. On the
thorax tubercles ia-+ib, iia, and iib separate, iib posterior, iv large,
vimoderate; no subprimaries. Warts of joint 13 consolidated. Hairs
i to iii black, the rest white, spinulose. Cervical shield not converted
into warts, divided, notched behind. Feet colorless, long and slender,
especially the abdominal ones.
Stage [7.—Head bilobed, shining dusky. Body greenish from the
food, transparent, shining. Warts small with numerous stiff hairs;
i rudimentary, hairless. Hairs dark, spinulose.
Stage IT[.—Head shining black, bilobed; width about 0.4 mm.
Body shining dusky luteous, warts black; i small, paired. Hairs
black, moderate, of various lengths, barbuled.
Stages IV and V were not described; there was no marked change.
Stage V/.—Head bilobed, arctiiform, black; width 1.4mm. Body
brown, not dark, rather sordid and pale, the lighter-colored warts iii
and vy orange tinted; a straight dull-orange dorsal line. Warts black;
hair black dorsally, pale subventrally, rather bristly, sparse, longer
posteriorly. Warts well elevated, round, i small, iv absent, the rest
large. All have black hairs at the summit, white ones at the base,
but there are more black ones dorsally.
Cocoon a delicate web of silk. Moths emerged August 8, from
eges obtained from moths flying in the foothills June 27.
HALESIDOTA MACULATA Harris, variety ALNI Henry Edwards.
This species occurs in three forms in the United States. Those
inhabiting the northern Atlantic region and the northern Pacific
region, respectively, are indistinguishable in the moth state, though
different as larve. I have several times received //. maculata from
Colorado, but never knew to which race to refer the specimens. Mr.
Caudell took a larva near Salida and Professor Gillette has in his
collection some cast skins. Both show the red dorsal hairs of a/n7,
proving the Coloradan form the same as the northern Pacific coast one.
Family NOCTUID.
HELIOTHIS PHLOGOPHAGUS Grote and Robinson.
Stage V.—Head round, bilobed, black, polished, the vertex under
joint 2; epistoma and antenne white; width about 1.6 mm. Body
cylindrical, normal, joint 12 not enlarged but a little angled. Tuber-
cles large, ‘conic, polished black, prominent. Skin spinulose; sete
NO. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 875
large, pale, curved. Black with yellow dorsal line, fine, broken pul-
verulent; subdorsal line double, running along tubercles 1 and ii,
similar, a little less broken; lateral line broader, broken on the annu-
let incisures; traces of a line along tubercle iii; stigmatal band broad,
including the spiracles and tubercle iv, sharp edged, luteous cen-
tered. Feet black. Shields uncornified concolorous, their tubercles
black.
Stage V/.—Head green, brownish freckled on the vertex, ocelli
black, epistoma whitish; width 2.7 mm. Body cylindrical, normal,
shields not cornified. Skin white, granular, spinulose; tubercle iv at
center of spiracle or above. Green, traces of a whitish dorsal and
subdorsal line; stigmatal band broad, whitish green, white edged
below; dorsal line obscure, geminate, blackish filled. Tubercles raised,
conic, small, black, white ringed. Feet equal, green. Subdorsal
line cuts the cervical shield. Spiracles black rimmed, pale bordered.
Food plant Grindelia squarrosa. Found in the Platte Canyon May
30 and collected by Mr. E. J. Oslar at Manitou.
CARADRINA EXTIMIA Walker.
Lqgs.—Spheroidal, flattened at base, about 40-ribbed, the number
diminishing toward the vertex; ribs sharp, narrow, the apices con-
cave, with distinct, curved cross-striz about as distinct as the lines on
the ribs. Vertex hollowed reticulate; yellowish white, stained with
an irregular brown ring; diameter, 0.6 mm.; height, 0.4 mm.
Stage I.—Head round, vertex under joint 2, sordid luteous, eye
black; width, 0.8 mm. Body cylindrical, thick, joint 12 large dor-
sally; sordid whitish, the food faintly green; tubercles large, round,
black, distinct, normal; ia to iib on the thorax separate, equal, iv on
the abdomen behind the spiracle. Shields and leg plates blackish
luteous, normal; setz pale.
Stage [1.—Head rounded, blackish; width, 0.5 mm. Body trans-
lucent, green from food; cervical shield, anal plate, and the rather
large tubercles black. Traces of white dorsal and subdorsal lines;
feet pale, those of joints 7 and 8 a little shorter than the others;
shields blackish, sete pale.
Stage 1 V.—Head dark smoky brown, blackish over the lobes, round,
searcely bilobed, apex slightly under joint 2, but held erect; width,
0.9mm. Body thick, robust, cylindrical, no enlargements. Dorsum
gray brown to spiracles, faintly mottled in pale, forming traces of the
usual lines. Below the spiracles sharply paler, slightly pinkish.
Tubercles rounded, elevated, blackish, normal, iv at the top of the
spiracle. Feet and leg shields smoky blackish. Setz rather long,
pale, curved.
Stage V.i—Head dark smoky brown, clypeus paler, sordid; held
erect, slightly retracted; width, 1.2 mm. Body sordid brown, mot-
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
tled, subdorsal line diffuse above, obscurely pale. Color paling ven-
trally but not sharply. Tubercles black. Very obscurely colored and
without defined marks.
Stage V/.—The same, pale, obscurely marked. Dorsal space
broadly paler mottled, all sordid brown. I have previously described
this stage.’ Width of head 1.8 mm.
Eggs from a female moth taken at Denver, June 23. Moths issued
from these larve August 13. The larve fed readily on Polygonum,
probably they would eat any low plants.
LEUCANIA FARCTA Grote.
Lggs.—Spheroidal, distinctly flattened above and below, about alike
at the ends, somewhat irregularly shaped from pressure as they were
laid ina crevice, glued to both sides but weakly. Shining pale yellow.
Reticulations finely linear on a smooth surface, irregularly 4 to 6
sided; no trace of ribs. Flattened sides smooth, somewhat plainly
rimmed; diameter 0.6 mm.
Stage /.—Head round, luteous, ocelli large, biack; width 0.3 mm.
Body cylindrical, joint 12 enlarged dorsally, joints 5 and 6 enlarged;
semilooping, but the feet of joints 7 and 8 only a little smaller than
the others; segments rather roughly 3 to 4 annulate, especially on
thorax. Whitish translucent; cervical shield small, brownish; food
faintly yellowish, no marks. Tubercles and sete obsolescent and
scarcely visible. Thoracic feet brownish at tip; no leg shields nor
anal plate; sete pale.
Stage [/.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, erect, antenne rather
large; translucent testaceous, dark on the vertex from within, ocelli
black, mouth brown; width 0.5 mm. Body cylindrical, rather larger
behind the thorax and at joint 12. Dull gray-green dorsally, whitish
ventrally with narrow whitish dorsal, subdorsal and lateral lines; the
division between the dorsal and ventral colors is sharp. No shields;
tubercles small, vi present. Feet pale, normal, practically equal.
Stage [[/.—Head rounded, bilobed, apex in joint 2; dull luteous;
width 0.8 mm. Body smaller behind but subequal, scarcely any
enlargements. Finely striped in brown and olivaceous yellowish.
Ground pale olivaceous; dorsal line whitish, brown edged; subdorsal
line whiter, brown edged, very distinctly so below; below this a yel-
lowish white line; lateral line yellowish white, brown edged; stigmatal
band white, brown edged, beavily so above; three broken subventral
lines; feet and venter pale, scarcely marked. No shields.
Stage 1V.—Head held flatly but free from joint 2, luteous, brown
reticulate; width 1.4 mm. Body striped in olivaceous yellow and
brown. Geminate dorsal, addorsal, broad subgeminate subdorsal lines
1 Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash., IV, 1899, p. 322.
ADAM NSS Eine ys os
rg FN eS tae 1g
vee
‘See
No. 1290. LARV4 OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. oC
brown; geminate lateral olivaceous filled; broad dark lower lateral
and suprastigmatal; substigmatal broad, pale yellow, red filled, folded
subventrally. Two weak lines subventrally and faint traces of ventral
dark lines. Feet pale, dusky shaded, equal.
Stage V.—Head the same, the reticulations heaviest in a line each
side of clypeus and in middle of lobe; width 2mm. Lines as before,
but the lateral is not discolorously filled; all lines red-brown except
the broad lower lateral and suprastigmatal which are olivaceous brown.
Stage V/.—Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, erect, free; testaceous,
shining, reticulate with dark brown, forming a narrow shaded band
edging the paraclypeal pieces, divergent again at the vertex; a-less
distinct dark line up from the eye; clypeus and median suture broadly
pale; tubercles brown; width 3.2mm. Body cylindrical, normal, not
tapering, no enlargements; feet normal, equal. Testaceous, finely
strigose lined in red-brown. Dorsal line narrow, pale; a faint, similar
line between tubercles i and ii; subdorsal band broad, gray-brown
strigose, pale edged above and below, straight; space below red-brown,
strigose. Lateral and stigmatal bands broad, gray-brown strigose,
contiguous, separated only by the narrow pale edging, the lateral band
also edged above in pale, the stigmatal below, this edge being the
upper border of the substigmatal band, which is broad, straight, red-
brown strigose filled, except at its pale edges. Venter, mottled
strigose. Shields undeveloped, concolorous. ‘Tubercles small, black;
iv at the upper corner of the spiracle. Spiracles black. Thoracic
feet pale, brown tipped; abdominal ones of joints 7 to LO with smoky
blackish shields, excavate above; anal feet reticularly lined.
The moth approaches closely to Z. juncicola Boisduval and L. iu/ti-
linea Walker, but I have the larvee of neither to compare. From Z.
phragmatidicola they differ in the color being lighter throughout, the
ground testaceous rather than pale brown; the markings are identical
in both.
STRETCHIA PLUSIIFORMIS Henry Edwards.
Eggs.—Ellipsoidal, scarcely more flat at base than at vertex; neatly
30-ribbed, diminishing by a few toward vertex, the ribs gently waved;
cross-striz fine, indistinctly seen on the sloping sides of the ribs, the
vertical reticulation lines on the summits of the ribs not more distinct
than the cross-strie. Micropylar area broadly smooth, finely reticu-
late. The sculpture reaches a little beyond the lower third of the
egg, which is perfectly smooth and shining. Diameter 0.9 mm., height
0.6mm. Later there appeared a red ring and spot at the summit.
Stage [.—Head rounded, faintly bilobed, full, broad, pale luteous
with black ocelli, erect; clypeus narrow, sutures grooved; width about
0.4 mm. Body slender, submoniliform, flattened; feet normal, the
two anterior abdominal pair somewhat shortened; joint 12 slightly
enlarged. Whitish colorless, translucent, the alimentary canal appear-
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
ing sordid reddish; shields concolorous, pale luteous, not large. Tuber-
cles small, black, distinct, normal; set short, pale; feet colorless.
The larvee were quiet and sluggish, remaining hidden all day.
Stage //.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, larger than joint 2, the
lobes full; held obliquely; pale luteous with minute brown dots on the
tubercles and a patch on each side of the median suture; antenne and
labrum partly pale; width 0.6 mm. Body cylindrical, normal, joint
12 slightly enlarged; feet normal, but those of joints 7 and 8 slightly
reduced. Sordid whitish, shields concolorous, scarcely cornified; nar-
row white dorsal and subdorsal lines, a broader stigmatal one, irregular
and blotched. ‘'Pubercles neatly black; feet pale; setae moderate.
Stage [[7.—Head rounded, polished orange, the clypeus and sutures
more yellowish, mouth brown, ocelli black; width 1 mm. Body cyl-
indrical, noctuiform, joint 12 enlarged, joints 3 to 6 arched in rest.
Green, sordid, subtranslucent; neat, narrow, white dorsal and sub-
dorsal lines; a broad white substigmatal band inclosing tubercles iv
and y and the spiracle. Feet normal, equal. Tubercles neat, round,
‘moderate, with the spiracles black, the latter narrowly ringed. Shields
concolorous, the cervical shield polished. Feet all pale, the abdominal
ones with the tubercles vii black. A brown form of the larva also
occurred. All shaded with dilute black between the lines; stigmatal
band slightly yellowish; feet pale but sordid tinted; head as in the
green form.
Stage [V.—Head rounded, the vertex slightly under joint 2, shining
brown, mottled with darker; width 1.5 mm. Body thickly mottled
with chocolate brown on a whitish ground, the dorsal space lighter by
the ground showing more distinctly. Fine dorsal and subdorsal white
lines somewhat dotted and broken; stigmatal line broad, sharply edged,
narrowed in the incisures, white edged, broadly dull red and luteous
filled, including tubercles iv and vy and the spiracles which are white,
narrowly black rimmed. Tubercle iv at center of spiracle, or above
on joints 9 and 10. Venter paler; feet pale; tubercles in rather large
black spots. Shields concolorons.
Stage V. (Interpolated).—One larva had this stage with markings as
in the previous one. Width of head 1.8 mm.
Stage VI. (Normal V).—Head rounded, the apex under joint 2, shin-
ing pale brown, reticulated with dark, a dark patch on each side of the
clypeus; width 2.3 mm. Cervical shield shining brown, a darker spot
before and on the anterior angle, produced backward into a lateral
border; dorsal and subdorsal lines faint, pale. Body robust, joint 12
enlarged, joint 13 somewhat perpendicularly truncate, its foot nearly
under the hump of joint 12; thorax a little smaller than abdomen.
Brown mottled, chocolate on a light yellowish ground. Dorsal line of
few white dots in the center of the segments, edged by a dark cloud;
subdorsal line similar, more continuous; lateral space heavily dark
Sty 5, A’ d+
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 379
_ shaded; stigmatal band brown, of the ground color, filled with light
brown and reddish mottlings, not contrasted; subventral space but a
shade darker, mottled. Tubercles in small brown spots; feet pale.
Tubercle iv above the center of the spiracle on joints 9 and 10. Poste-
rior parts of subdorsal space segmentarily paler, forming a transverse
band of pale on the hump on joint 12. Spiracles black ringed.
Eggs from a moth captured in Denver. The food plant is the wild
currant. Eggs May 12, mature larve June 24.
The larva of this somewhat striking moth proves to be a very plainly
colored, day hiding Noctuid.
XYLINA TORRIDA Smith.
Larva.—Head rounded, not bilobed, erect, green, epistoma and bases
of antenne white; width 3mm. Body normal, joint 12 not enlarged,
joint 13 tapering; robust, cylindrical. Clear green; a straight, white
dorsal line on joints 3 to 13, granular shagreened; tubercies small,
white; skin minutely white peppered. Subdorsal line narrow, broken,
granular, white; traces of a similar lateral line; substigmatal line nar-
row, granular, pale yellow, from joint 2 to the anal plate. Feet green;
spiracles white, finely black rimmed. ‘Tubercle iv at the lower corner
of the spiracle. Cervical shield green; anal feet shortly extended back-
ward, white lined. Later there is a white dorsal shade, the stigmatal
line is yellow, the subdorsal one obscure.
Pupation in the ground. Larva found on wild cherry in the Platte
Canyon May 21; imago emerged September 25.
XYLOMIGES SIMPLEX Walker.
Stage [17.—Head rounded, black; width 0.9 mm. Cervical shield
quadrate, black; body rather thick, cylindrical, noctuiform, joint 12
scarcely enlarged, very sordid whitish, almost gray, with narrow white
dorsal and subdorsal lines, the latter edging the cervical shield; fainter
lines along tubercles iv and y. Tubercles round, slightly elevated,
black, distinct, normal. Leg plates and anal plate black; feet black;
setee dusky, short; tubercles faintly pale ringed.
Stage [V.—Head shining black, epistoma and bases of antennz
sordid white; width 1.6 mm. Cervical shield black, trisected in white
narrowly. Body purplish black, pale mottled; dorsal and subdorsal
lines white, discreet, broken; stigmatal band yellowish, luteous cen-
tered, including the spiracle and reaching to tubercle v, sharp edged.
Tubercles black, rounded, elevated, polished. Setz rather long, pale.
Venter sordid greenish, purplish shadowed.
In stages V and VI the head became red brown, but as I have already
described these stages! I will not transcribe my notes. The larvee
occurred hiding in spun leaves on wild plum in the Platte Canyon and
1Can. Ent., XX VI, 1894, p..21.
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
on various plants at Sedalia. No moths were bred, but the larvee are
obviously the same as those formerly bred by me, and Xylomiges sim-
plex is native to the region, for I took it abundantly at Manitou in
May, 1891.
THYREION ROSEA Smith.
Figgs.—Hemispherical, the base flat, about 28 vertical ribs, low,
rounded, diminishing regularly by alternation at the upper three-
fourths and ending at the micropyle, forming a slightly depressed ring;
vertex again a little elevated, reticulate. Cross-strie faint, but the cell -
areas slightly hollowed, a row on each side of each ridge, the joining’s
in the hollows and on vertices of ridges which appear somewhat beaded;
color pearly white; diameter 0.8, height 0.4 mm.
Stage [.—Head rounded bilobed, mouth pointed, shining black;
width 0.4 mm. Cervical shield black, excised at the posterior angles
and a little so on the dorsal line posteriorly; anal plate faintly dark
tinted. Body normal, white, no marks. Tubercles very small, with
moderate, pointed setze, black. Thoracic feet blackish ringed, abdomi-
nal ones normal, equal, pale. On hatching the larve entered com-
pletely within the leaves of the food plant, where they burrowed
between the epidermes.
Stage [/.—Head rounded, brown black; width 0.6 mm. Cervical
shield and plates dark brown; body all white, immaculate, the small
tubercles dark.
Stage [1/.—Head pale yellowish luteous, sutures, area about eyes
and jaws broadly brown; width 0.9 mm. Body all whitish, cervical
shield a little shining and a shade yellower, but practically concolorous.
Tubercles minute, setee moderate, dark. Feet normal; spiracles black
ringed, rather round. —
Stage 1 V.—Head round, bilobed, compact, and smooth, vertex level,
clypeus rather high, nearly reaching the membranous triangle, showing
dark brown; sutures and rims of lobes posteriorly blackish; width 1.2
mm. Cervical shield large, the posterior angles rounded, scarcely
notched behind, shining light brown, with two detached sete on the
lower side not on a shield. Anal plate shining brown, with dark
tubercles. Body all opaquely white, the tubercles small, brown, with
short, stiff, dark sete. Spiracles brown rimmed. Feet normal, the
crochets in a neat half circle on the inner side of the planta. Tubercle
iv at lower corner of spiracle.
Stages V and VI were not obtained. The larve feed at first inter-
nally in the leaves of the wild onion, A//7wm sp.; Mr. Oslar tells me
that he has seen them devour the whole plant, eating down into the
bulb. The moth flies at the time the plants are in blossom and rests
on the flowers, where it is inconspicuous, its pink and whitish colors
harmonizing with those of the blossoms. Found on the prairie near
Denver, May 29.
ie a tl
-
No. 1290. LARV OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DY: 1R. 381
CUCULLIA LAETIFICA Lintner.
Larva.—Head rounded, bilobed, erect, free; white, sutures of cly-
peus, a broad band from antenna to above clypeus joined by dottings
to another band covering the backs of the lobes and sides black; width
3.2mm. Body greenish white with diffuse, clouded, dorsal, subdorsal
(fainter), and stigmatal yellowish bands; curiously black banded.
Three irregular transverse bands on each segment; one across tuber-
eles i and ii, widened there, joined by an anteriorly situated dorsal
bar, rounded furcate laterally; an irregular dark anterior band and a
broken posterior one, enlarged into a subdorsal spot. Irregular black
markings subventrally and on the feet; tubercle vi in a white space.
Feet normal, equal; thoracic ones black marked; tubercle iv at the
lower corner of spiracle or below. In some examples the black is
joined in a subdorsal line.
Larve at Golden and Sedalia on the prairie near the base of the foot-
hills on a low tufted species of Chrysothamnus. Found early in June
in the last four larval stages, no marked difference except in size.
These handsome larve resemble those of a /apzl7o of the «usterias
group to a remarkable degree. Pupation in the earth in a rather firm
cell of considerable size, lined with silk. First imagos July 5.
IPIMORPHA PLEONECTUSA Grote.
Larva.—Head broad, slightly bilobed, flat before, white with a
broad black band on the angle on each side, irregularly edged, meet-
ing vertically except for the suture; epistoma surrounded by brown;
width about 3 mm. Body light green, translucent, densely minutely
clear granular. A white dorsal stripe and a narrower broken sub-
dorsal one; substigmatal line white, narrow; all the lines reaching
from joint 2 to the anal feet, but the green shield only faintly white
lined. Tubercles i and ii white, the rest green, obscure; spiracles
flesh colored, dark rimmed; claspers whitish.
The larva was found hiding in a folded leaf made by a Tineid on the
cottonwood in Denver. It ‘id most persistently, and was disturbed
on being forcibly exposed. Mature larva early in June; imago July LO.
CISSURA VALENS Henry Edwards.
Stage [V.—Head round, full above, oblique, the apex almost under
joint 2, dark gray, heavily mottled reticulate with black on a white
eround, leaving a conspicuous white speck on the face of each lobe;
width 1.5 mm. Body slender, elongate, the feet on joints 7 and 8
much smaller than the others. Whitish gray, silky, shining; dorsal
and addorsal lines gray, dotted powdery; addorsal line straight,
widened centrally on the segments; subdorsal line black, waved, bend-
ing upward in the incisures. Lateral, suprastigmatal and two sub-
ventral lines gray, dotted, confused, subgeminate. Thoracic feet
iy cre
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
black tipped, abdominal ones gray dotted. Tubercles in small black
spots, 1i of joints 12 and 13 larger.
Stage V.—As before, but the ground color pale brown, the recticu-
lations black, the conspicuous fleck white; width 2.8 to 3.1 mm.
Dorsal space bordered by the nearly black waved subdorsal band, the
gray area above it segmentarily divided, filled centrally with dark
dotted mottlings ona pale gray ground. Sides pale gray dotted, a
dark band over the spiracles, and subventrally formed by the dottings
being darker. Sete long, pale; spiracles dark. The shape is slender,
narrowing a little on joints 10 to 13; anal feet rather large, the rest
moderate, those of 7 and 8 smaller. Joint 12 very little enlarged.
Shields concolorous.
Stage V/.—Head rounded, bilobed, the apex under joint 2; brown,
heavily reticulate with black especially in a long transverse patch
over the eye; epistoma and basal antennal joint wax white; width 3.7
mm. Body elongate, joint 13 tapering, cylindrical; feet short, pale.
Brown, shaded with gray and black. Dorsal space waved, narrowed
in the incisures; a broken, mottled, dorsal band and a distinct subdorsal
one, irregular about tubercle 1, composed of black mottlings on gray,
filled between with red dotting on white. A broad, pale lateral space
like the dorsal one, narrowly centered with blacker dottings. A black
stigmatal band like the subdorsal one, diluted centrally; substigmatal
band again pale like the dorsal filling, the subventral area dark, but
not so dark as the dorsal marks. ‘'Tubercles, i to iv obscure, iv at the
upper angle of the spiracle; v and vi large, black. Leg shields whit-
ish, spiracles black; setze rather long and pale. The subdorsal and
lateral black bands join posteriorly on joints 12-13, making the anal
flap all black. On joint 11 a little white dash at tubercle ii and before
spiracle.
Pupation in the ground. Lary from Platte Canyon and Sedalia in
the foot hills, June 1 to 20, the imago the following March.
food plant—Oak, young leaves.
SYNEDA HOWLANDII Grote.
Liggs.—Spheroidal, the base slightly flattened, all slightly shining
yellowish white, subtranslucent; coarsely pitted, the pits in vertical
lines becoming less in number vertically by confluence, rounded, sub-
angular, well defined; the spaces between are broad and too much
rounded to look like reticulations. No ribs, the cross ridges as dis-
tinct as the vertical ones and like them; irregularly hexagonal.
Diameter, 0.9 mm.
Stage [.—Head rounded, oblique, pale brownish with black ocelli
and brownish line from them backward; width 0.4 mm. Body sordid
whitish, the food green; a diffuse brown lateral band between warts
i—ii and iy indistinctly composed of three lines. Shape elongate,
NO. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 383
slender, feet on joints 9, 10, and 13, those of 9 and 10 approximate.
Tubercles small, black; setee pointed. Cervical shield concolorous
with head; thoracic feet brownish, abdominal ones with dusky plates.
After eating, the marks became faint and the larva looked sordid green.
Stage [7.—Head rounded, oblique, the lobes bulging; whitish, with
three brown bands on each lobe, the upper obliquely clouded, the
lower, behind the black ocellus, narrow; with 0.6mm. Body slender,
feet on joints 9 and 10 (approximate) and 13, with minute stubs of feet
on joints T and 8. Dorsal space greenish white, slightly streaked with
traces of dorsal and addorsal lines. Subdorsal, lateral and broad
suprastigmatal brown lines on a whitish ground; substigmatal band
whitish; two subventral brown bands. Setze stiff, dark, rather long
from very small black tubercles. Thoracic feet black; abdominal ones
brown lined. Joint 12 very little humped.
Stage [[1/1.—Head white with three geminate lines on each lobe,
parallel to those of the body, the upper one abbreviated; width 1 mm.
Body slender as before, whitish, subdorsal line double, fine, purplish
black, the upper part narrow, waved; three fine lines above the white
substigmatal band; three partly confluent and irregular reddish sub-
ventral lines and a dotted ventral one. Sete distinct, dark, but
tubercles obsolescent.
Stage IV (Interpolated).—As in the next stage; width of head
1.3 mm.
Stage IV (Normal).—Head white with three geminate, purplish
black crinkly bands, reaching from the back of the lobe to the clypeus,
pointed at the lower end; an erect mark over epistoma to apex of
clypeus; sutures narrowly dark. Shape round, full above, slightly
bilobed, larger than joint 2 but the apex a little covered by it, rather
pointed at the mouth; sete dark; width 1.5 mm. Body uniform,
slender, the feet of joints 7 and 8 very small rudiments, those of 9 and
10 distinct, approximate, of 13 stretched posteriorly. Gray-white,
traces of a dark dorsal line; subdorsal line double, the upper part
waved, the lower crossing tubercles i and ii, linear, purple black; a
faint single lateral line; suprastigmatal line double like the subdorsal
one but straight, the upper part crossing tubercle iii, the lower iv;
stigmatal band slightly more white than the ground; three subventral
lines a little crinkled and irregular, especially the central one; venter
gray-white, a half shade lighter than the dorsum. Feet pale, brown
marked. Segments slightly wrinkly annulate epecially posteriorly.
Tubercles small, black; sete black, distinct posteriorly.
Stage V.—Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, oblique, large at vertex,
higher and wider than joint 2 but the apex retracted; whitish, three
geminate gray brown dotted filled bands on each lobe and an erect
mark in the clypeus; width 2.3 mm. Body gray, dotted banded.
Dorsum brownish dotted filled, spaced by pale from the broad black
384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
dotted, waved subdorsal band; sides very pale dotted filled, pale spaced;
suprastigmatal band geminate, nearly black, dotted filled; substigmatal
band white, shrunken by the fold, reddish filled. Below it a gemi-
nate, sparsely dotted filled reddish line, single subventral line and
the pale venter sparsely dotted. The larva gradually tapers pos-
teriorly, joint 13 being the smallest; slender, uniform. Tubercles a
little elevated, white, black marked, iv at the middle of the spiracle.
Central segments elongated; feet as before. |
Stage V/.—Head large, round and full, wider and higher than joint
2 yet the apex retracted in the expanded end of the prothorax; median
suture a little depressed, clypeus small. White, mouth a little luteous;
an erect black dash in clypeus; three broad bands on each lobe from
the occiput converging to the clypeus, black edged, filled with black
and brown dots; width over 3mm. Body slender, cylindrical, elon-
gate; feet on joints 9, LO, and 13, with little rudiments on joints 7 and 8.
Broad gray black subdorsal and stigmatal bands, sharply edged, black
dotted filled. Dorsal space brown, thickly dotted on an ashy ground;
a white speck at tubercle ii before, while the blackish subdorsal
band is diluted with brown: lateral space pale ashen, finely dotted in
dull red; a pale speck at tubercle iv; substigmatal band like the lateral
space; venter sparsely dotted in blackish, illy defining a subventral
band, colored like the substigmatal one. Tubercles dark gray, sete
small, dark. Tubercle iv at the lower edge of the spiracle.
Eges from a moth flying over the foothills at Platte Canyon. The
larve fed on Eriogonum.
SYNEDA HASTINGSII Henry Edwards.
Eggs.—Nearly spherical, a little flattened on the base, very slightly
conoidal. Smooth, shining, dull yellow with a greenish olivaceous
tint. No reticulations or ribs, the surface covered with slight, shallow
depressions, their edges illy defined; diameter 0.5 mm.
Stage I.—Head rounded, oblique, luteous, diffusely brown streaked,
scarcely bilobed; clypeus high, ocelli small, black; width 0.4 mm.
Body long and slender, motion semilooping, the larve thrashing about
violently before progressing. Slender, uniform, feet on joints 9, 10,
and 13, rather long and well developed. Whitish, green from the
food, a faint broad and clouded lateral vinous band. Tubercles very
small, black, obscure. Cervical shield brownish, not cornified; feet,
except the anal ones, black. Later the lateral shade resolves itself into
three distinct lines—subdorsal, lateral, and suprastigmatal. There
is a white substigmatal band and faint brown line subyentrally; dorsal
space whitish.
Stage II.—Head rounded, oblique, the apex under joint 2, full and
smooth, the sutures not depressed, clypeus small; whitish, three dotted
brown bands on each lobe and a faint linear streak dividing the clypeus
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 385
andepistoma. Body long, slender, feet on joints 9, 10, and 13, those of
9 smaller and approximate to 10, a pair of minute stubs on joints 7 and
8. Greenish white, a luteous streak dorsally, divided into segmental
dashes swollen centrally; subdorsal line brown, diffuse, black dotted
by tubercles i and ii; lateral, suprastigmatal, and two subventral brown
lines, not very sharply defined. Thoracic feet black, the abdominal
ones dusky. Tubercles round, dark brown, setz short, stiff, pointed,
black. Central segments drawn out, the end ones contracted.
Stage [[/.—Head as before, the three dotted bands geminate, yel-
lowish white filled; erect brown mark over epistoma does not reach
top of clypeus; width mm. Body slender; dorsal line greenish white,
widened segmentarily, black dotted edged, centered by a black dotted
line broken in the incisures; space to the narrew brown subdorsal (i-ii)
line gray; a single lateral, double gray-filled suprastigmatal and sub-
stigmatal (between iv and yv) lines, the latter white; double subventral
and single, somewhat shaded ventral brown lines. Thoracic feet black:
abdominal ones brown lined.
Stage 1V.—Head shaped as in Syneda howlandii, white, striped the
same, the three dotted irregular bands on each lobe reddish brown;
erect mark in clypeus; width 1.4 mm. Body slender, whitish, gray
tinted. Dorsal line single reddish; subdorsal line geminate, purplish
brown, dotted, irregular, waved, dark gray shaded segmentarily behind
tubercle ii; two lateral and stigmatal dark dotted lines; three fainter
subventral ones leaving the substigmatal band a little paler than the
ground color. Tubercles in black spots, sete black.
Stage V.—Head large, full above, higher and wider than joint 2,
slightly oblique, the apex retracted; white, three dotted geminate
black bands on each lobe narrowed before; an erect mark in clypeus
blackish. Gray white, the single dorsal line reddish and widened on
joint 2 anteriorly; subdorsal line double, dotted filled, gray shaded
behind tubercle ii; lateral line single, suprastigmatal double, obscurely
dotted filled; substigmatal band whiter than the ground color; three
or four fainter dotted dark lines subventrally, reddish brown. Feet
brown dotted, the shape as before.
Stage VI.—The same, but the lines more dotted filled; also the
spaces filled in more with reddish dots; width of head 2.3 mm.
Iam not sure that this larva is different from that of Syneda how-
landii. J have given the notes on both somewhat at length, but the
lines are all the same and the apparent differences may be due to dif-
ferent wording and to slight variations in the larve under observation.
The larva of S. hastingsii did not grow vigorously in the latter stages,
as the widths of head show, and was somewhat undersized, possibly
with the markings a little undeveloped. It fed on the same species of
Eriogonum as the other larva.
Eggs from several moths caught flying at Denver and in the foothills.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 25
386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Family AGARISTIDZL.
ALYPIA MACCULLOCHII Kirby.
Larva.—Head rounded, bilobed, erect, white, thickly covered with
rather large black spots and a few small ones; a yellow shade over
vertices of lobes and at bases of antenne. Body cylindrical, normal,
noctuiform, joint 12 slightly enlarged dorsally. White with broad
diffuse yellow shades subdorsally (tubercle ii) and substigmatally
(tubercle v), the former becoming deep orange on the hump on joint
12. Tubercles large, black, but round and low, not elevated into
cones. Many irregular, confused, crinkled black marks. No white
subventral spots whatever, the black markings heavy subventrally;
venter less heavily marked. Abdominal feet black at the base, flesh
colored outwardly; thoracic feet black. Sete long, white. The black
markings form a series of broken lines and dots, a heavy, geminate,
dorsal line, widened a little posteriorly on the segments and with a
narrow median spur projecting laterally, more sparsely lined where
the yellow color is; sides quite heavily marked; subventral region
strongly marked, especially above the feet.
~ Larve on Chamenerion angustifolium resting on the backs of the
leaves. Found at the Half-Way House above Manitou, July 21. The
larvee entered the earth to pupate in a few days and the first imago
emerged May 4 the following season.
Family LASIOCAMPID4.
MALACOSOMA TIGRIS Dyar.!
Eggs.—\aid ina patch half as long as wide reaching halfway or all
around a smalltwig. Elliptical, flattened on two sides, the larger end
squarely truncate, rimmed, the nearly circular center raised; small
end rounded. Laid erect on the small end, fastened together by gum,
but the exposed ends clear of any varnish; the mass looks white
and the spaces between the eggs are visible. Sordid white, a dark
micropylar dot. Surface smooth, slightly shining, scarcely shagreened.
Size 1 by 0.6 by 0.5 mm.
The egg masses were found on the lower twigs of the food plant,
often very near the ground. Exactly similar egg masses were sent to
the Department of Agriculture from Jonesboro, Coryell County, Texas,
which hatched on April 5. Jf tégris was then undiscovered and I
could not imagine what these eggs were. A memorandum of the food
plant was not sent me and the larve refused the plants that I offered
them. This locality is somewhat distant from the place where I dis-
covered the species; however, I insert my notes on the first stage of
the Texan larvee, as I believe that they are of the same species.
1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., V, Mar., 1902, p. 38.
a
NO. 1290. LARV. E OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 38%
Stage [.—Head rounded elliptic: al, higher than ae blac ka epinome
white; sete long, pale, secondary ; Sn about 0.85 mm. Body nor-
mal, black, the anterior edges of the joints pale; a pale-orange sub-
dorsal band on joints 5 to 11, fading out at the ends, sharp above,
diffuse below and spreading laterally on the anterior and posterior
parts of the segments, most so posteriorly. Subyentral fold white.
Warts small but elevated, black with small tufts of pale, rather stiff
hairs.
Stage IT not seen, The following stages are from the Colorado
larvee
Stage 117,—As in the next stage, but the bands more difuse and
paler colored; no blue markings. Width of head 0.7 mm.
Stage [V.—Head round, black, with pale secondary hairs; width
1.2 mm. Body normal for MJalacosoma; a broad, geminate dorsal
band, orange red, widened three times on each segment, most so pes-
teriorly, extending on joints 4 to 11, faintly also on joint 3, suddenly
absent on joint 12; a narrow, waved, cream-colored subdorsal line,
absent at the ends; more o.ange mar lanes laterally with traces of blue
dottings between these; a blotched pale orange stigmatal band; sub-
ventral folds grayish. Ground color black, velvety on joint 12 and in
the incisures of joints 2-3 and 3-4. Hairs rather sparse, of various
lengths, faintly reddish, alike.
Stage V.—Width of head 1.8 mm. Much as before, but the lateral
stripe is fine and broken and the subventral ones practically obsolete.
There is more blue; a dot posteriorly above the subdorsal line, a large
patch between that and the lateral line, subventral region blue-gray
shaded, joints 12 and 13 blue streaked. Hair reddish dorsally, pale
reddish subventrally. Subdorsal line forming a dot on the posterior
edges of the segments. Posterior edges of segments yellowish.
Stage V/.—Head rounded, erect, the clypeus small, the paraclypeal
pieces forming a shield-shaped area above the clypeus; velvety black,
blue powdered, especially along the sutures; many secondary hairs;
width, 3.7 mm. Body cylindrical, normal, joint 13 smaller; flaccid;
warts obsolete, the hair subtufted dorsally and subventrally anteriorly
on the segments, short, rather scant. Velvety black; dorsal line
geminate, irregular, mottled, orange, inclosing reddish dorsal hair,
widening and divergent posteriorly on the segments, moderately dis-
tinct, especially on joint 11, absent on joint 12. Subdorsal line distinct,
irregular, broken in the segmental incisures, orange, absent on joints
12 and 13; traces of a lateral and a substigmatal line, orange, the
lateral fairly distinct and followed below by orange tinted, white, sub-
ventral spots; joint 2 nearly all black. Blue transverse dashes in the
subdorsal space, a short anterior and long posterior dash in the lateral
space, the latter cutting the lateral line and reaching to the subventral
space. On joints 3 and 4 this dash is very marked, curved, edging a
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
deep black space. Pale reddish or fleshy mottlings posteriorly on the
segments in the incisures. The slight subdorsal warts on joint 2 black.
A few black hairs dorsally from the obsolete warts 1. Traces of a
white dorsal line on joints 3 and 4.
Cocoon, as usual, of pale-yellow silk. Larve first seen in Mill
Gulch, leading out from the Platte Canyon, later farther down the
canyon, but notcommon. At Sedalia, however, they occurred numer-
ously, and had defoliated acres of their food plant. Feeding on the
oak, a dwarf tree in this vicinity, but only on the young leaves.
Gregarious at first, as usual, but later wandering widely as the young
tender leaves become scarce. The larve form no tent, but spin a
slight web over the branches, which becomes a rather distinct mat at
the times of moulting.
This species is nearest to the Californian JZ. constricta Stretch, but
quite distinct in the character of the egg covering, which, in that
species, consists of a great mass of white, frothy varnish.
Family GEOMETRIDAE.
EUDULE UNICOLOR Robinson.
Eggs.-—Elliptical, evenly rounded, one diameter less than the other,
but no flattenings nor truncation; neither end perceptibly depressed.
Pale ochraceous, the surface faintly reticulate in whitish, the lines
broad, rounded, rather regular, a color, and not any perceptible struc-
ture; surface very finely and uniformly granularly shagreened. Skin
very delicate, dents in when breathed upon and then flattens out
again. Size 0.8 by 0.7 by 0.6 mm. Laid adherent, without threads.
The eggs vary in size, some being but half the bulk of others though
laid by the same female. Later the eggs turned orange color.
Stage [.—Head rounded bilobed, flat before and rather thin, erect,
black. Body slender, greatly elongated, the segments slightly swollen
subventrally. Thoracic feet distinct, approximate; abdominal ones
small, normal, situated on joints 10 and 13. All pale yellowish, the
thoracic feet gray tinted; faint subventral brownish segmentary spots.
Tubercles small, black; sete short, dusky, slightly enlarged at tip.
Anal feet with oval blackish shields and a pair of similar convergent
shields on the anal flap. A faint, subquadrate, luteous shield subdor-
sally on joint 2. Sete of joints 6 to 13 directed obliquely backward,
those of joints 2 to 5, obliquely forward.
Stage [[1.—Head rounded, bilobed, erect, free; dull brown, blotched
with darker in the sutures and sides of lobes; width about 0.5 mm.
Body slender, elongate, feet normal, approximate at its extremities.
Pale brownish, greenish from the food; a broad blotched, partly faint
subdorsal brown band; a round dark-brown blotch on tubercle iv on
joints 5 to 9 and more faintly on joint 10; tracheal line whitish.
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 389
Segments finely obscurely annulate; sete short, stiff, black; no
shields.
The larve were not carried to maturity. The eggs came froma
female taken in the mouth of Platte Canyon in the foothills, and their
food plant was made out so late that they had been four days without
food and were so weakened that they died in the second stage. The
food plant is violet, but it was only after repeated efforts that this
was discovered and a whole day spent in a special journey to the spot
where the moth had been caught.
HYDRIOMENE TRIFASCIATA Borkhausen.
Larva.—Head rounded, free, light brown, sparsely mottled, dotted
with dark; tubercles darker, as are the sutures and eyes; width about
2mm. Body robust, flattened cylindrical, normal, smooth. Whitish
like the oak-feeding Tortricids and Pyralids, more yellowish white on
the ventral half, dorsum somewhat streaked on the annulets. A sordid
blackish-green dorsal vascular stripe; an olivaceous luteous, rather
broad, stigmatal stripe, red-brown at the spiracles. Tuberecles sor-
did, blackish, moderate. Feet pale, shields concolorous, uncornified;
tubercle iv substigmatal, posterior, faintly broadly whitish ringed.
The larve occurred on the oak, hiding between leaves and with the
aspectof Pyralids, but true Geometrids in structure. They were found
by Mr. E. J. Oslar, at Cheyenne Canyon, near Colorado Springs.
SCIAGRAPHIA PERVOLATA Hulst.
Larva.—Head rounded bilobed, the lobes squarish, erect, flattened
a little before; gray white, a broad black band over the vertices of
the lobes and another across from eyes, but leaving the epistoma pale;
black dots between the bands; width 1.8 mm. Body normal, not
greatly elongate; tubercles elevated; sete coarse and black. Bark
gray; ground color whitish dorsally, but gray between tubercles i and
ii; a reddish subdorsal band broken into spots below tubercles i and ii,
the rest whitish. Lateral area gray mottled, the substigmatical fold
white anteriorly on the segments; venter marked and dotted with gray-
ish black. Tubercle vi double, or of two separate tubercles; i and ii
nearly in line, the rest as usual; the tubercles of vii moderately sepa-
rated. Plates spotted like the body, uncornified.
Found on wild gooseberry in the Platte Canyon, May 18; imago
June 12. Iam not sure that the moth is correctly named. I could
not find any description to exactly fit the specimens; that of S. per-
volata seems the nearest. The moths have the wings whitish gray,
rather coarsely brown strigose; transverse anterior and posterior lines
represented by diffuse clouds, the latter bent outward opposite the
cell. A black patch at costa and at middle of wing occur just beyond
the transverse posterior line and adjoin a broad, pale, ill-defined sub
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
terminal band; a terminal broken black line. Hind wings finely stri-
gose, the margin wavy with brown discal dot and a shadow of a median
line.
DIASTICTIS OCCIDUARIA Packard.
Larva.—Head rounded, erect, squarish, clypeus rather high; whitish,
a large black patch covering vertex of each lobe and extending half
way down the sides and front, leaving the median suture broadly
pale; an angled patch over ocelli and one on lower part of clypeus,
pointed above; epistoma pale, mouth black; width 1.6 mm. Body
cylindrical, normal, the segments not elongated; feet rather small.
Ground sordid white, with many black marks and two brick-red bands.
Dorsal and stigmatal bands diffuse, red, the latter broken at the spira-
cles by the white ground color. Large black spots about tubercles i, il,
and iii, with numerous smaller dots between; iv and v black, v small;
a continuous black subventral band, covering tubercle vi, below which
the venter is pale gray, dotted by the scattered black tubercles vil and
viii, sparsely mottled, becoming pinkish medially. Thoracic feet and
spiracles black, abdominal feet gray, like the venter, with black
tubercles. No shields; joints 2 and 13 white and black spotted, con-
colorous. Setv black, short, stiff.
Found by Mr. Oslar on the ground under willows near Denver.
They did not feed, being matured. Moth, May 30.
ALCIS HAYDENATA Packard.
Eggs.—Shortly elliptical, nearly spherical, one diameter a little less
but no flattening or truncation; about 14 longitudinal ribs, low, dis-
tinct, running to the antemicropylar end where they meet in a slightly
confused reticulation. At the other end they stop abruptly at a ridge
which represents the edge of the obsolete truncation; end reticulate.
Ribs nearly straight, dotted faintly with two rows of pores; cross
strie fine, parallel, not raised, not very distinct. Pale green; diameter
0.9 mm., the difference between the two diameters scarcely measurable.
Laid loose, rolling about in the jar.
Stage /.—Head rounded, mouth rather flatly truncate; dark brown,
labrumand antenne whitish; width0.35mm. Body cylindrical, normal;
moderately elongate. White; joints 2-4 and 10-13 look a little swollen
and are honey yellowish; six red-brown tranverse bands on the poste-
rior halves of the segments 4 to 9, joined by a subdorsal line that is
wide next to the posterior band, and nearly detached on the anterior
rim of the segment; a lateral, more regular line, reaching nearly the
whole length; bands broadly blotched on the venter and joined by a
fine adventral line. Joints 2-4 and 10-13 marked over the yellowish
with clouded dorsal and subdorsal purple-brown lines. Cervical shield
and anal plate darkly sordid shaded. Feet dark, nearly black; the
thorax and head held so as to look like a single black knot. Feet of
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 391
joint 10 paler, especially outwardly. Tubercles and setz obscure, con-
colorous and pale.
Stage [/.—Head round, bilobed, erect, flattish over the moderate
clypeus; dark brown, a disjointed, submaculate, white band over the
lobes to the clypeus, a large spot in clypeus, epistoma diffusely whitish,
setee pale; width 0.6 mm. Body cylindrical, moderate, normal. Pos-
terior three-fifths of segments 5 to 9 banded in purplish brown, joined
by a subdorsal line, widened where it joins the band in the centers of
the segments. A finely linear dorsal line; venter wholly brown, only
slightly streaked in whitish. Anterior two-fifths of segments white,
annulate and slightly lumpy, cut into dorsal and lateral patches by the
distinct subdorsal line. Joints 2 to 4 with the white predominating;
dorsal and subdorsal lines uniform, subventral region brown, annulet
incisures sordid. Joints 10 to 13 mostly brown, the-dorsum luteous
diluted; subdorsal, lateral and stigmatal white bands, submaculate, a
little lumpv elevated. Feet brown, the abdominal ones white dotted.
Stage [1[.—Head rounded, flattened before, slightly bilobed, erect;
dark brown, a white dotted edged band over the vertex of each lobe to
the clypeus which contains some white dots; base of antenne and mot-
tlings on sides below pale; width 0.9mm. Body moderate, cylindrical,
normal. Segments finely irregularly annulate, not greatly elongate.
Dorsal band white, widened segmentarily, sordid shaded; subdorsal
dark brown, on joints 5 to 9 composed of intersegmental ellipses, nar-
rowly joined and covering all of the lateral space, narrow on the
thorax, confused and pale on joints 10-13. Lateral space white on
the segments, narrowed to obsolescence in the incisures. Venter
broadly dark brown, finely obscurely lined in pale. Feet brown, the
abdominal ones whitish lined outwardly. Joint 2 dorsally dark brown
as also the tip of the anal flap. White marks slightly mottled and cut
by the annulet incisures, also slightly lumpy and folded on the sides.
Tubercles and sete obscure.
Stage [V.—Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, erect; brown-black,
white dotted; a broad, short, pulverulently edged, white band on ver-
tex of each lobe, cut off before into a dot; bases of antenne and epis-
toma white; width, 1.3 mm. Body as before, black-brown with dor-
sal and stigmatal, continuous, segmentarily widened, white bands,
nearly pure, cut by the fine annulets, containing black dots at tuber-
cles i and iii, respectively. Dorsal band broad on joints 2 to 4, double
on joint 2 with triplicate brown center, broadly blurred on joints 3
and 4, brown dotted; powdered and confused with dots on joints L0—
12; joint 13 white dotted. Lateral band uniform on joints 2 to 13,
the feet of 10 and 13 narrowly white lined without, otherwise dark.
Venter finely, faintly lined. Faint orange blotches behind the spiracles.
Stage V.i—Head squarish, rounded, thick, flattish before, vertex
slightly notched; black, finely white dotted; a broad, rectangular band
392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
on the vertex of each lobe, white, containing two black dots; epistoma
white. Dots small, mostly uniform, a little strigose and waved, espe-
cially in the clypeus; width 1.7 mm. Body normal, rather robust;
brown-black:; a broad distinct, sharply edged, white band, narrowed
at the segmental incisures, a similar stigmatal one faintly orange
blotched beluw and between the spiracles. Subdorsal space velvety,
finely white dotted like the head; venter finely lined in whitish, pul-
verulently; medio-ventral band rather broad, cloudy triplicate. On
thorax the dorsal band replaced by a pair of subdorsal bands, creamy
orange tinted, irregular, subconfluent. On 10-13 dorsal band widened,
more irregular and containing black dots; tubercle ii of 12 enlarged,
white; anal flap black-brown, white dotted; a white bar from the stig-
matal line on the upper halves of the feet of joints 10 and 13. Feet
and spiracles black; tubercles small; sete fine, short, dark. Seg-
ments finely and rather numerously annulate, finely so anteriorly and
posteriorly.
Eggs from a female taken at Pine Grove, July 19. The larva
reached the stage last described September 29 and began to hibernate,
but had not enough vitality to survive the winter. It was apparently
not mature. It fed on wild cherry and Polygonum.
ENEMERA JUTURNARIA Guenée.
Egg.—Elliptical, one diameter much less than the other but not
sharply flattened, not depressed at either end; micropylar end roundly
truncate, the other abruptly rounded, both about alike but differenti-
ated by the sculpturing; truncation slightly oblique. The two sides are
not symmetrical. The egg is laid loose, rolling about, and if rolled,
always stops with the same side up. This side has a single median
impressed groove; the lower side two such grooves. Twelve broad,
longitudinal, raised ridges join a similar ridge about the rim of the
truncation, broadly waved, rounded, beaded with a double row of
minute pores, joined by diffuse transverse ridges to form squares and
also by numerous fine, obscure, transverse lines, about eight to the
square. Beginning one square from each end the two central ridges
are approximated, the space between depressed as a deep, smooth
groove. On the other side the two median hollows are depressed,
their bordering ridges less sharply approximate, the grooves crossed
by strive. In one egg the double grooves began, one of them at one
square, the other at two squares from the truncation, but both ended
sharply and evenly at one square from the other end. In another egg
this was reversed. In still another there was but a single groove, but
it was not central and was less deeply marked than the dorsal one.
Micropylar end coarsely reticulate, the upper end lumpy from the
confused ridges. Color green, turning dull pink, with the ridges paler.
Size, 0.9 by 0.7 by 0.5mm. Eggs from three females examined, alike
No. 1290. LARVZ OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 393
with the variation indicated. The ridges overhang the dorsal groove,
projecting as white rims, serrated by the projected pores, which appear
as little brown teeth. Ventral grooves more variable, not overhung
by the ridges.
The eggs were obtained in July, but did not hatch till the follow-
ing April. They are evidently scattered over the ground by the
moths, where they le all the autumn and winter. The dry climate
doubtless favors their preservation, while their peculiar ribbed struc-
ture may serve as a safeguard against too much dryness.
I have described the larva previously. '
EPIPLATYMETRA COLORADARIA Grote and Robinson.
Fggs.—Laid adherent; elliptical, one diameter considerably less,
rounded, rather squarely; both ends abruptly rounded, about alike,
not really truncate; center a little constricted and one end a little
depressed. About 14 low raised ridges, longitudinal, parallel, stop-
ping at the rim at the micropylar end, reaching the other end confused
into reticulations. They carry a double row of pores but obscure,
rounded; cross striew fine, obscure, parallel, not raised. Color pale
whitish green. Size 1.1 by 0.8 by0.6mm. The rim about the micro-
pylar flattening is more distinct than the ribs; the end is nearly
smooth, slightly radially reticulate near the rim.
Stage [.—Head rounded, very slightly bilobed, oblique; very pale
brown, a little vertically streaked. Body moderate, normal, whitish,
a broad, straight, distinct, pale purple-brown band subdorsally on
joints 2 to 13, not quite reaching the end, the pair separate, only
touching at the middle of joint 13, where they terminate. A similar
broad, pale-brown ventral band. Feet pale, ocelli black, sutures of
the moderate clypeus brown.
The eggs were obtained from a female moth at Pine Grove, Colo-
rado, in the foothills at an altitude of 8,000 feet, but no suitable plant
could be found for the young larve when they hatched.
Family NOTODONTID.
ODONTOSIA ELEGANS Strecker.
Ligg.—Hemispherical, the base flat; opaquely white, not shining;
finely and densely covered with small, white granulations, arranged
obscurely in vertical lines, a little denser about the vertex, which is
narrowly clear with a small central white space. Diameter 1.4 mm.
Stage [.—Head bilobed, free, shining black, the sutures broadly
and lower parts of lobes diluted brown; width 0.65 mm. Body ecylin-
drical, normal, anal feet elevated, segments subannulate. White,
shining, the quadrate cervical shield, anal plate, leg plates, thoracic
1Entom. News, V, 1895, p. 63.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXY.
feet, and tubercles shining black. A faint vinous shading dorsally on
joints 4, 5, 6, and 12, and distinct subventral sordid vinous blotches
the whole length. Tubercles normal, ib and iii, especially ii, larger,
ia and ib separate, iv behind the spiracle; no subprimaries. ‘Tuber-
cles distinct, polished, black, the sete pale and obscure. Joint 12
slightly enlarged, tubercles i and ii of joint 13 anteriorly in a square;
joint 11 rather weak. The larva ate patches halfway through the
leaf on the upper surface and rested beside them.
Stage [1.—Head erect, high, narrowing above, a low vertical notch,
flattish before; pale luteous, the vertices of lobes narrowly tipped in
smoky brown, ocelli dark; width 1.2mm. Body cylindrical, joint 12
slightly enlarged, anal feet weak, approximate, but used. Whitish
green, smooth, a white subdorsal line; subventer and feet broadly
dark vinous, the anal ones only narrowly lined with this color;
thoracic feet black. Tubercles large, a little elevated, but whitish,
almost concolorous with the body, inconspicuous. Segments irregu-
larly annulate; no shields.
Stage I[[.—Head pale greenish luteous, punctate dotted in darker,
the sutures of mouth brown, sutures of clypeus and a central line also
dark; ocelli blackish; width 1.6 mm. Body cylindrical, normal, joint
12 with a small, sharp, dorsal hump. Green, yellowish shaded on the
thorax and along stigmatal line, subventer blotched with vinous, run-
ning down on the outer sides of the feet. Anal feet small, vinous
lined, used. Spiracles small, black ringed. Segments subannulate,
slightly shining, joint 6 with a very slight annular swelling.
Stage I[V.—Head high, flattened before and at the sides, vertex
slightly notched; pale green, blotched with dull red on the sides below
and about the mouth, shading upward; width 2.5 mm. Body cylin-
drical, joint 6 with a central, slight, collared elevation, 12 with a
broad, low hump. Green, the space between the spiracles and the
feet broadly shaded in purple brown, slightly shading upward toward
the dorsum, more distinctly on the hump and quite darkly on the
annular elevation of joint 6. Thoracic feet and abdominal ones out-
wardly dark purple brown; spiracles black ringed. Tubercles slightly
elevated, green; anal feet small, used. Venter broadly pale green.
The transverse purple lines of joints 6 and 12 become more distinct
with growth. Later the dull vinous color shades nearly up to the
dorsal line, the purple dorsal ridges of joints 6 and 12 are slightly
relieved by whitish.
Stage V.imHead higher and wider than joint 2, rounded, flattened
on the front and sides, narrowed a little above and slightly bilobed;
shining, smooth, yellowish green from the clypeus to vertex centrally,
the clypeus and sides shade in dark brownish red; mouth dark red;
surface shagreened slightly, making the red shade mottled-reticulate
~
in greenish; width, 3.5 mm. Body cylindrical, joints 6 and 12 with
mrs
NO. 1290. LARVH OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 395
low, collared, dorsal humps; anal plate rounded, smooth, small; no
shields. Feet moderate, equal, the anal pair a little smaller, but used
in walking. Dorsum shaded in vinous brown mixed with grayish,
only a trace of green in the incisures dorsally; venter narrowly green.
Thoracic feet red-brown, the foot of joint 7 and the others in a less
degree with a purple brown streak outwardly. Humps narrowly pale
gray, spotted and streaked in purplish black. Tubercles whitish with
black hair dots, a little elevated, distinct, normal. Spiracles large,
white, black rimmed. The dark mark on the hump of joint 6 is an
irregular black band from behind the spiracle over the dorsum and an
elongate spot between tubercles i and iii. Joints 2 to 5 are more red-
dish than 6 to 13, having no gray; the hump of joint 12 is reddish and
the gray consists of traces of the collar markings of joints 7 to 11,
most distinct at the spiracles. Later joints 2 to 6 are a little smaller
in diameter than the rest of the body, joint 2 slightly widened and
pale on the sides. The body becomes all lilaceous except narrowly
ventrally with the same marks, but no distinctly different reddish
tints. Anal plate with a narrow red rim.
Larve found on aspen at Bailey’s in the Platte Canyon, mixed with
Pheosia dimidiata, which they greatly resembled in the egg stage. A
larva entered the earth to pupate July 31, and the moth emerged
May 6 the following season.
In the last stage the larva rests on the twigs of its food plant, which
it closely mimics in shape and color.
Family COCHLIDIID.
TORTRICIDIA TESTACEA Packard, variety CRYPTA Dyar.
T had no expectation of finding a slug caterpillar in Colorado, as the
climate seems too dry. However, Mr. Caudell netted a female moth
in a narrow, wooded gulch leading off from the Platte Canyon, not far
below Bear Gulch. The moth differs only shghtly from the Eastern
Tortricidia testacea, being paler and less strongly dark shaded, but the
larva shows some rather unexpected differences, showing it to bea
distinct local variety of that species. The pattern of markings is more
generalized in the Rocky Mountain race.
Figgs.—Eliiptical, flat, but rather thick and arched, translucent,
slightly yellowish, the reticulations obscure; size, 0.8 by 0.5 mm., all
as usual in the family.
Stage /.—As in the Eastern species, the subdorsal spines Y-shaped,
the anterior prong shortened on the hinder segments, especially on
joint 11; not strongly alternating, yet perceptibly so; greenish trans-
lucent, the ridges whitish; head green, eye black, mouth brown; skin
smooth. All normal, no markings.
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Stage [/.—Elliptical, joint 13 quadrate, normal, narrowed behind.
Depressed spaces large and deep, all present; ridges and latticed ele-
vations between the depressed spaces densely papillose granular,
especially around the margin; setz distinct, short, dark, pointed,
normal, All faintly whitish; latticed ridges of dorsal space 1 granule
wide.
Stage [T7.—Elliptical, normal. Green, a yellow subdorsal line cen-
trally, reaching farther posteriorly than anteriorly; a round, red spot
crossing the subdorsal lines, but yellow edged and paler centered, sit-
uated on joints 7 and 8.
Stage 1V.—The purplish-red spot is rounded, a little larger than
before; yellow subdorsal line not quite reaching the extremities. The
larva now eats the whole leaf.
Stage V.—The patch is irregularly triangular, occupying about a
third of the dorsum; it covers depressed spaces (1) of five joints and
reaches the middle of the side; a red dash on joint 3. The yellow lines
reach to the anal end, but not to the head.
Stage V/.—The patch reaches the anterior and posterior extremities
narrowly, on the sides to the depressed space (4) of joints 7 and 8,
with a little point toward (4) of joints 6 and 9. It is as in the normal
T. testacea, except that the patch did not reach below the middle of
the side, being exactly as in some fully marked examples of 7. cxsonza.
The larva had but six stages.
Eggs June 1, mature larva July 14.
Family PYRALIDA.
MELITARA JUNCTOLINEELLA Hulst.
Larva.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, held flatly; clypeus nearly
reaching vertex, the sutures depressed; bright red-brown, epistoma
paler, ocelli black; width2.1mm. Body slightly flattened, the segments
strongly 2-annulate; cervical shield large but rather narrow, transverse,
shining black; anal plate very large, black. Tubercles small, black,
iand iiin line, iv + v, normal. Feet with the crochets in an ellipse.
Dark purplish, nearly black; skin coarsely wrinkly shagreened; spira-
eles rounded, black. ‘Thoracic feet brown; sete fine, brown, rather
long. On the thorax ia + ib, ila + 1ib; on joint 13 anteriorly a medio-
dorsal shield and on joint 2 a small crescent before the spiracle, not
contrasted.
Larve feeding gregariously within the leaves of the prickly pear
cactus were found on the prairie near Denver, May 11. They had
obviously passed the winter as half-grown larve in this situation and
were feeding rapidly. However, it proved impossible to breed them,
and the above supposition as to their identity was gained from the cap-
ture of a female moth on the prairie near Golden, June 5.
_ No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 397
ACROBASIS BETULELLA Hiulst.
Larva.—Head round, black, coarsely shagreened, epistoma sordid
white. Body purplish black, the segments coarsely 3-annulate, not
shining. Tubercles small, black, corrugated radially, iv and v closely
approximate, inline. Anal plate black; feet normal, sete rather long,
fine.
Spinning a web among the leaves of birch and living in a cone made
of frass united with silk. Platte Canyon; imago July 1.
PIONEA BELIALIS Druce.
Larva.—Head small, flat, half retracted in joint 2, black, the sutures
pale. Cervical shield bisected into two quadrangular halves, distinctly
separate. Body nearly cylindrical, uniform, robust, incisures only
slightly marked; anal plate brownish, feet normal. Pale yellow with
large, conspicuous, round, black tubercles; ia+-ib, iia+iib, iv--y, ilia
present, large, situated above and before the spiracle, vii a single
brown-black tubercle, viii distinct on the legless segments. Crochets
of abdominal feet in a broad ellipse, narrowly broken outwardly.
Thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones like the body. Spiracles
small, black-rimmed.
The larvee are leaf miners in an herbaceous, aromatic plant, Coleo-
santhus grandiflora, growing in bunches in moist spots in the foothills.
I found them in a gulch near the mouth of the Platte Canyon. The
mine forms a large brown blotch extending through to both epidermes
at the terminal part of a leaf, occupying three-fourths or more of the
surface. At maturity, the larva emerges and spins up a three-cornered
box in one of the soft, young leaves at the end of the shoot where it
pupates. This leaf becomes wrinkled with growth.
Larve found matured July 11, at which time there were only a few
left, most having pupated. The moths began to emerge at once.
A Tachinid parasite, /soglossa hastata Coquillet, was raised from the
larvee.
A specimen of the moth was sent to Prof. C. H. Fernald, who
says that it should be referred to the genus Cybalomia. He adds that
it reminds him in appearance of 77tanio helianthiales Murtteldt, which
is also a leaf miner in the larval state.
Family PTEROPHORID ®.
OXYPTILUS DELAWARICUS Zeller.
Larve.—Head rounded, whitish. Body light green with a rather
broad white subdorsal stripe, containing a round creamy patch on
joints 6 and 7; feet normal, slender. Tubercles i and ii united, single
haired, the hair of i leaning forward, ii backward; tubercle iii single
haired, leaning forward, iv and v united, not strongly oblique; vi
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
single haired, directed backward; vii with three hairs on the leg base,
one stronger than the others; no secondary hairs, the skin finely
granular. On the thorax tubercles ia and ib united, lia+iib, ilit+-iv-+v,
vi double. No shield, but six sete in two rows, three on the prespi-
racular wart and two on the subventral.
The pupa is winged as in O. periselidactylus Fitch.
Larve on the wild grape in the Platte Canyon, June 1, moth out
June 11. The larve were mature when found and ready to pupate,
but there was no sign on the plants of spun up leaves, such as the
allied species makes.
The specimens were at first determined as O. periscelidactylus, as
they agree with a moth so labeled by Professor Fernald, bred at the
Department of Agriculture on grape (No. 4440). The wide dissimi-
larity of the larvee (QO. periscelidactylus has warts and secondary hairs)
led me to reexamine the moths. Q. delawaricus is extremely similar
to O. periscelidactylus, much more so than the descriptions by Wals-
ingham and Fernald would imply. It is smaller, the palpi are shorter,
the antennz completely white ringed, and the space between the white
lines on the feathers of the fore wing is dark brown, contrasting with
the rest of the wing. Otherwise I see no differential characters.
The following are the notes made at the Department of Agriculture
on the number 4440, above referred to:
May 29, 1889. Tortricid? on grape from J. B. Scheeffer, Deward, Pennsylvania.
Larvee uniformly greenish yellow with darker median line and somewhat paler head.
The hairs arising from the warts are long, rather coarse, and colorless. * * *
They remind one of Nola. Moths issued June 9-11.
PTEROPHORUS SULPHUREODACTYLUS Packard.
Larva.—Thick, flattened, tapering at the ends; feet normal, slender.
Head rounded, bilobed, the apex under joint 2, mouth projecting;
width about 1.2 mm.; black, the sutures broadly brown. Body with-
out secondary hairs, the warts low and diffuse; i with three or four,
ii with one hair, these warts somewhat approximate; iii with several
hairs; a group of six hairs on the subventral fold without wart and a
hair posteriorly in line, absent on some segments; several hairs for
tubercle vi. Olivaceous green, a broken, broad, sordid white sub-
dorsal line along warts i and ii with four black dots on each segment
between in a square, becoming black blotches on the posterior seg-
ments. Wart iii pale; spiracles black; skin finely dark granular;
cervical shield blackish, hairy; thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones
pale. Hair white, minutely glandular tipped; segments obscurely
2-annulate; a black impressed lateral dot in the middle of the segment.
The larve were found webbing up the young heads of a wild sun-
flower, //elianthus pumilus, and feeding within the spun mass. They
occurred on the foothills near Boulder Creek Canyon. Spun among
dead leaves; emerged June 10,
phi lal "es
NO. 1290. LARVZ OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 399
PLATYPTILIA COSMODACTYLA Huebner.
Larva.—Head round, vertically bilobed posteriorly, pale testaceous.
Body cylindrical, normal, green, a dull crimson dorsal line with a
small oblique subdorsal-dash on joint 6 and a dash on joints 5 to 12;
a white subdorsal line from joint 2 posteriorly to 13 anteriorly and
a broken subdorsal one the larger anterior part on each segment
oblique. Tubercles small, hairs single, i and ii separate, iv and v
approximate, v anterior and dorsal to iv. On thorax ia+ib, iia+iib,
ivt+y, numerous fine, short, secondary hairs, shorter and easily dif-
ferentiated from the primary ones, bulbous tipped. Hairs all white,
not long, inconspicuous.
The larva was found resting on the red fruit bract of Lon7icera
tnvolucrata, and was not observed to feed, being matured and pupating
immediately. Apparently the larvee do not eat the leaves, but more
probably the flowers. Found at Pine Grove, Platte Canyon, altitude
about 7,000 feet.
ALUCITA CINERASCENS Walsingham.
Larva.—Head long, the mouth pointed, apex under joint 2; whitish.
Body flattened, narrow, not tapering. Tubercles 1 and ii approximate
with one long and several short hairs, iii singled haired, iiib several
haired, iv+v large, many haired, the others retracted subventrally.
Translucent green, with obscure, straight, subdorsal and broken lateral
lines, the latter above tubercle iii. Warts black, i+11 largely so, and
forming a double row of distinct spots separated by a straight line of
the ground color. Anterior edge of joint 2, posterior rim of reduced
cervical shield and warts of anal flap also black marked. Hairs white,
spinulose; none secondary. Pupa free, not in a cocoon.
Larve in the heads of //elianthus pumilus, near Boulder Creek
Canyon, May 23; moths issued June 12. Eggs were obtained from
these which passed the winter without hatching, showing the species
to be single brooded with hibernation in the egg state.
Fgg.—Oviform, elliptical, one end more pointed than the other,
both slightly truncate at the extreme tips, strongly and sharply flat-
tened on two sides, like cakes cut out of dough; pale yellow, opaque,
not shining, the surface slightly shagreened, not sculptured. Size,
0.55 by 0.4 by 0.15 mm.
Family TORTRICID.
TERAS FOLIANA Walsingham.
Larva.—Head rounded, the apex under joint 2, paraclypeal pieces
reaching vertex; red brown, shaded sordid at the mouth, ocelli black;
width 1.2 mm. Body translucent, soft green, not shining; cervical
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
shield large, pale luteous, black rimmed posteriorly. Tubercles large,
colorless, a little elevated, normal, iv+yv. Male glands large, dark
purple. Feet and setz pale, no marks.
Abundant on the Cerocarpus parvifolius, folding the leaves and liv-
ing within the houses so formed; pupa in a folded leaf. Some of the
bushes suffered severely from these larvee. The moths were common _ |
flying over the dry foothills in July among the Cerocarpus bushes at |
Platte Canyon and Manitou; doubtless also throughout the range.
CACOECIA ARGYROSPILA Walker.
Larva.—Head pale luteous brown, a black line on sides and ocelli
black, jaws brown. Body green, cervical shield all green, transclu-
ent, tubercles pale, a little elevated, normal; no marks.
Another larva had the head pale brown with a darker line along the
side on ocelli and jaws. Cervical shield all transclucent green with a
trace of brown tint, unbordered. Body all green; first pair of tho-
racic feet black, the rest green. Dorsal vessel dark.
Another larva had the head black, diluted with whitish irregularly
on the face; thoracic feet black ringed, those of joint 4 less strongly
so. Cervical shield black edged, luteous centrally, shading to whitish
transcluent in front. Body all green.
Another larva had the head greenish testaceous, black below at
mouth but epistoma pale; width 1.5 mm. Cervical shield translucent
greenish testaceous, shading to brown-black at the edges. Body trans-
lucent sordid green, slightly olivaceous dorsally, tubercles broadly
paler, elevated, rather large; segments coarsely 2-annulate dorsally;
male glands faintly yellow. Setz long, pale, normal; ia+-ib, iia--iib,
iv+y. No anal plate. First two pairs of thoracic feet blackish
marked, the last pair brownish.
I give these several descriptions to illustrate the variability of
this larva. It is especially unfortunate, as the larvee of several other
Tortricids are closely similar to this and hard enough to distinguish
anyway. The species occurred on oak, willow, ash, and box elder,
generally distributed but not locally very abundant.
CACOECIA VIVIDANA Dyar.
Larva.—Head slightly bilobed, flat, jet-black or partly diluted on
the face; cervical shield luteous except for dots at the borders. Body
slender, cylindrical, the feet short, segments irregularly 3-annulate.
Sordid transcluent green, a clearer dorsal and subdorsal line; tuber-
cles round, white, distinct, with coarse white sete; iv-+v. Spiracles
black ringed; thoracic feet black with paler joints, abdominal ones
pale. Dorsum faintly olivaceous shaded. Male glands in joint 9
showing as an ochraceous shade.
Webbing up the leaves of Rubus delictosus in the Platte Canyon,
;
=
NO. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—D YAR. 401
May 25. Others from wild cherry mixed with Conopis Wire tani, from
which I do not know how to distinguish them. This is not more than
a variety of Cacoecia argyrospila,; it has the same markings, but
bright red brown on a pale yellow ground. AIL the specimens are
from Colorado, while (©. argyrospila is widely distributed. I have
thought best to give it a distinctive name. It has been bred at the
Department of Agriculture under the No. 4464.
CACOECIA SEMIFERANA Walker.
Larva.—Head black, diluted whitish on the face; cervical shield
greenish, black on the edges. Body translucent green, blackish from
the food. Male glands yellowish, subventral fold somewhat opaque.
Feet pale, those of joint 2 black.
Webbing the leaves of oak and apparently confined to this tree. A
number of very young ones were collected in the Platte Canyon May
18, mixed with other Micro larvee on the young oak leaves. Imago,
June 11.
CACOECIA NUGUNDANA Dyar.
Larva.—Head rounded, obliquely extended, pale green, ocelli black,
jaws brown. Body tortriciform, slender, normal, rapidly moving. All
translucent pale green, tubercles inconspicuous, concolorous, sete pale
and rather long; dorsal vesseldark. Male glands light yellow, distinct.
Feet green; no marks.
Spinning up the leaves of the box elder, defoliating the trees in
Denver and Golden, not seen on any of the trees in the Platte Canyon.
The moth is very like C. seméferana, but is very markedly paler; I
think it a distinct species. The larva is always entirely green in all
stages while the other larva has a black head, only becoming whitish
on the face in the last stage. The food plants seem constant for both.
Professor Fernald tells me that Professor Riley had named this moth
after its food plantas I have done, but I am not aware of any published
description nor was he.
CACOECIA CERASIVORANA Fitch.
These well-known larvee were found in the Platte Canyon, webbing
up amass of leaves of the wild cherry intoa head, within whicha large
number of them were found. Head, shields, od tubercles are black,
the body shaded blackish all over. Male glands yellowish. Imago,
June 24, .
CACOECIA ROSACEANA Harris.
Larva.—Head brownish luteous, epistoma white, apex under joint
2. Body all green, slightly shining, no marks; cervical shield large,
ereen, narrowly black rimmed at the sides and behind continuously.
Tubercles small, slightly elevated. Thoracic feet pale, the anterior
ones dark brown; crochets of abdominal feet in an ellipse.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 26
402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Other laryee had the head black or partly brown over the vertex;
shield diluted green in front, brown centrally. Body all green with-
out dorsal shade, the feet of joint 2 black. These were bred from a
large patch of eggs laid in a flat mass overlapping like shingles. ‘The
egos were on a woodbine leaf, but the larve did not like this plant. I
bred them on wild cherry. Other larvee taken on plum, wild cherry,
and oak. In stage I the head was shining black, mouth paler; bilobed,
held obliquely. Body slender, submoniliform; all pale yellow with-
out shields or plates. Tubercles obsolete, setze obscure. In stage II
the head was pale luteous, the body greenish, transparent, no marks.
After that the head and cervical shield were black till the last stage,
when the black was more or less replaced by luteous brown. Moths
issued August 9.
LOPHODERUS COLORADANA Fernald.
Larva.—Head whitish, bilobed, partly under joint 2. Body slender,
all pale green, translucent; segments 3-annulate; tubercles whitish, a
little elevated, under lens concolorous, colorless, elevated, and mod-
erately large; ivt+-v. Shield all concolorous, no marks. Feet nor-
mal, crochets in a complete ellipse of several rows.
Spinning a somewhat tube-like web in the seed heads of Pu/satzlla
hirsutinum high on the foothills back of Golden.
CENOPIS DIRECTANA Walker.
Larva.—Head and shield black; width 1.5 mm. Body green,
broadly olivaceous shaded dorsally, leaving the tubercles pale, joint
13 green. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones short, normal. Other
larvee had the head mahogany red, the sutures black; cervical shield
partly brown-red in front.
The larve occurred on wild cherry in the Platte Canyon in May.
The moth is very variable, but a distinct species, I think. Professor
Fernald makes it asynonym of C. reticulatana,' but it may be separated
from Northern specimens that I have under that name. Lord Wal-
singham’s figure* can be closely matched by some of my specimens.
Others are much suffused with brown.
PLATYNOTA LABIOSANA Zeller.
Larva.—Head flat, the apex under joint 2; shining black, the epis-
tomaand bases of antennz white; widthabout 1.2mm. Body slender,
flexible, tapering a little at the ends, scarcely flattened; segments
strongly 3-annulate, creased in the incisures. Cervical shield large,
black, narrowly bisected by pale; prespiracular and subventral tuber-
cles large, black; thoracic feet shining black, abdominal ones short,
1Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, p. 20.
2Tll. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, pl. tx1v, fig. 4.
No. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 403
normal, green, slightly dark shaded; anal pair dull black. Body
slightly translucent sordid olivaceous green, dorsal vessel narrowly
dark; the subventral fold looks lighter when well folded; no marks.
Tubereles rounded, rather small, slightly elevated, with black hair-
tubercles, but the plate concolorous with the skin; iv-+-yv, ia+ib,
iia+iib, one above the other. Spiracles black with pale centers. Sete
rather long, dusky.
Webbing up the leaves and stem of Argemone mexicana, the pupa
in a folded leaf with the end bitten off. Often injurious to the plant,
as they eat the growing stem, distorting the plant. Also found on
a species of Gi/za, but perhaps as an accident. Found at Golden and
Boulder, near or on the prairie.
The United States National Museum has fragments of two speci-
mens, one labeled in Zeller’s handwriting, the other taken by Belfrage
in Texas, July 2. Mr. Busck thinks that they may have been part of
Zeller’s types; they certainly agree with his description. My speci-
mens run larger, though some are of the same size, and the banding
on the fore wings is heavier, not being so much confined to the costal
edge as in Zeller’s specimens. But the sexes are marked alike, which
confirms me in the determination, as it is an unusual chararter in this
genus.
Family YPONOMEUTID &.
ORCHEMIA DIANA Huebner.!
Larva.—Head rounded, bilobed, sutures depressed, pale reddish,
whitish on the paraclypeal pieces and mouth, a black line on the pos-
terior side of lobes. Body slender, tapering a little at the ends; trans-
lucent greenish yellow, scarcely distinctly colored; a dull white dorsal
band of pigment, somewhat cut by the annulets, touching tubercle i,
well defined. Tubercles large, black, round, a little elevated; iv+y,
normal. Saal
NO. 1290. LARVA OF MOTHS FROM COLORADO—DYAR. 4l\l
shaped blotch mines, with a hole by which the frass is extruded; they
also spin among the terminal leaves or flower bracts with a delicate
web in which the frass is contained. The food plant is A///onza nyc-
taginea. Larve from Salida July 25. First imago August 4.
LITHOCOLLETIS CINCINATIELLA Chambers.
Larva.—Stronegly flattened, the segments projecting roundedly lat-
erally; joint 2 large, 3 smaller, then gently enlarged to the center and
tapering to end. Dorsal and ventral plates the whole length, subcor-
neous, nearly colorless. No feet; black spots in place of the thoracic
feet, and dark scars on joints 7 to 9 and 13.. Dorsal marks on joints 2
to 4 just like the ventral foot scars. Head triangular, very pointed,
the mouth widened by the transverse, projecting labrum; ocelli black,
one remote above the others; palpi projecting nearly at right angles;
elypeus band shaped, broadened above, edged by the parallel para-
clypeal pieces; pale luteus, sutures and mouth black. Body whitish,
purple dotted on the sides of the segments, dark orange on the sides
of joint 2 and anterior half of joint 3. A dorsal and ventral diffuse
purplish shade, not quite reaching the ends.
The mine is large, 30 mm. or more in length, flat, slightly ribbed;
several larve ina mine. Found on oak at Manitou. Usually the oaks
were not infested with leaf miners, but this place proved an exception.
The species were, however, members of the Atlantic Coast fauna.
Lithocolletis basistrigella Clemens, L. jfitchella Clemens, and Tisheria
cinctipennella Clemens were the other species occurring on the oaks
at Manitou.
LITHOCOLLETIS SALICIFOLIELLA Clemens.
Larve in elliptical blotch mines under the lower epidermis, white,
finally eating through to the upper epidermis in dots and patches,
usually mostly so about the edges; mine about 17 by 9 mm.; a slight
fold down the long diameter. Singly or, rarely, two on a leaf.
Larva.—Head cordate but only very slightly lobed, clypeus high,
band shaped, but narrowed to a point where it touches the vertical tri-
angle, whitish, the sutures and a diffuse shade on lateral margin brown;
a black speck with a smaller one within on the face of each lobe; sey-
eral black specks on the ventral aspect of lobe; antenne small but dis-
tinct. Body arched above, gently flattened below, moniliform, joints
3and 4 larger than 2, 5 small, then gradually larger to 9 and gradu-
ally smaller to 13, which is scarcely divided and not sharply smaller.
Cervical shield weak, concolorous. Joints 2 to 6 white, 7 to 12 yel-
low, with large, rounded, brown-black dorsal spots, flattened posteri-
orly; dark ventral spots on joints 6 to 12 and a faint one on joint 5;
joint 13 somewhat translucent, luteous above and below. Thoracic
feet large, projected laterally, exceeding the body, well jointed;
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV,
abdominal ones sessile, represented on joints 7 to 9 by a bunch of
crochets behind and a single row before each planta; on 13 a more dis-
tinct foot, with double row of crochets broken on the inside and out-
side. No feet on joint 10. Sete long, brownish, from small, distinct
tubercles; ia and ib in a group; ib larger; iia and iib somewhat ante-
riorly placed, iib large; iv and vipresent. On abdomen i and ii nearly
in line, ii larger; iii above and a little behind the small, anteriorly
situated spiracle; iy below and well behind; v and vi obsolete. Sub-
primary tubercles all absent, apparently by reduction. No ventral
sete. Skin finely granular, shagreened, not distinctly so.
Younger larvee were all colorless, the head the same but with black
ocelli at the edge. Anal end well rounded, the segments subequal
throughout. Sete apparently the same.
The cocoon is elliptical, 7.5 by 4 mm., formed in the center of the
mine. Mines in the broad-leaved cottonwood in Denver. Imago
July 2.
le
A REVIEW OF THE CLING-FISHES (GOBIESOCID2) OF
THE WATERS OF JAPAN.
By Davin Srarr JorpAN and Henry W. Fow er,
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
In this paper is given an account of the Gobiesocide, two in number,
known to inhabit the waters of Japan.
Family GOBIESOCID 2.
CLING-FISHES.
Body rather elongate, tadpole-shaped, broad and depressed in front,
covered by smooth, naked skin; mouth moderate; upper Jaw protrac-
tile; teeth various, sometimes villiform, sometimes incisor-like, and
posterior canines sometimes present; suborbital ring wanting; no bony
stay from suborbital across cheek; opercle reduced to a spine-like pro-
jection concealed in the skin; behind the angle of the large preopercle
this spine sometimes obsolete; palatine arch considerably modified;
pseudobranchiz small or wanting; gills 3 or 23; gill-membranes broadly
united, free, or united to the isthmus; dorsal fin on the posterior part
of the body, opposite to the anal and similar to it, both fins without
spines; ventral tins wide apart, each with 1 concealed spine and 4 or 5
soft rays. Between and behind the ventrals is a large sucking disk,
the ventrals usually forming part of it. No air-bladder; intestines
short, pyloric ceca few or none; skeleton firm; vertebra 18 or 14+-13
to 22= 26 to 36.
Carnivorous fishes of small size, chiefly of warm seas, usually living
among loose stones between the tide marks and clinging to them firmly
by means of the adhesive disk. Their relations are obscure, but they
are probably descended from allies or ancestors of the Trachinide or
Batrachoididee.
a. Lepadogasterine. Gill-membrane attached to the isthmus; posterior part of the
sucking disk with a free anterior margin.
b. Gills 33; each jaw with one row of conical teeth; dorsal and anal with very
SHOnbMyell-GEyeLO pe AVS emcees ao seme pene eee aaa Aspasma.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXV—No. 1291.
413
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
ASPASMA Jordan and Fowler.
Aspasma JORDAN and Fow ier, new genus (minimus).
Body moderately broad, depressed anteriorly; snout prominent,
depressed, suggesting the bill of a duck; jaws with rather strong,
conical teeth in one series in each jaw; gills 35; pseudobranchie rudi-
mentary; branchiostigals 5; eill-membranes attached to the isthmus;
anterior margin of sucking disk free, the posterior part attached to
the shoulder girdle; dorsal and anal short, with well-developed rays,
both fins well separated from the caudal; no scales.
Small fishes of the warm seas of Japan, apparently closely allied to
the Lepadogaster* of the Mediterranean, but the latter has longer fins
(D. 15 to 18; A. 8 to 14) and a different dentition, the very small
teeth being in a patch in each jaw, and one row on the scales. In
Mirbelia bimaculata, which has also very short fins, the teeth are in a
villiform patch anteriorly, as in Lepadogaster. The genus Mirbelia
was originally proposed for those species of Lepadogaster which have
the caudal free from the dorsal and anal.
(ao7ao pHa, an embrace.)
a. Dorsal rays 6; anal rays 5; depth 7 in length; last ray of dorsal and anal not
adnate to-caudal pedunteless:* 222. oui ae eee thee ee ey eee eee minima, 1.
aa. Dorsal rays 10 to 12; anal rays9; depth 53 in length; last ray of dorsal and anal
adnate to candal“pedunelé'.. {ois baie y= eae ele eee ciconix, 2.
1. ASPASMA MINIMA (Déderlein).
Lepadogaster minimus D6DERLEIN, in Steindachner, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 270;
Sagami Bay in 100 to 150 fathoms.
Head 33; depth 7. D.6; A. 5. Body, elongate, much compressed
Siar in front, and the laterally compressed posteriorly. Head rather
long, broad, compressed, and its breadth 12 in its length; snout
depressed, rather pointed, about 4 in the head, and 1 in the interor-
bital space; eyes small, lateral, + in the head and about equal to the
snout; interorbital space, together with the upper part of the head,
broad and flat; mouth with the jaws about equal and the maxillary
reaching the eye. Gill-openings lateral, directly in front of the pec-
toral, and the isthmus very broad across; origin of the dorsal nearer
the base of the caudal than the tip of the pectoral; anal very slightly
behind the origin of the dorsal, the posterior edges of both fins nearly
even, leaving a free caudal peduncle; pectorals very broad, short,
rounded, and nearly 1? in the head; disk rounded, its edge entire and
about 1} in the head; caudal short, rounded, and nearly 12 in the
head; caudal peduncle free, strongly compressed, and its depth equal
to the interorbital space.
'Gouan, Hist. Pise., 1770, p. 177, rostratus.
No, 1291. JAPANESE CLING-FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 415
Color in: alcohol us nifor m lem smon-y ailew Described froma specimen
from Misaki about 1,°; inches long.
This little fish is known to us from two examples from tide pools at
Misaki near the original locality from which the species was deseribed.
(minimus, smallest.)
2. ASPASMA CICONIZ: Jordan and Fowler, new species.
ead 2+ to 3; depth 54 to 5¢; DD: 1) or 12; A. 9: P. 90: V. 4.
Body elongate, much Pe ed anteriorly below so that it is more
or less flattened; back convex. Head rather broad, its breadth about
1} in its length; snout een rather pointed, about 34 in the head,
flattened, Pel its length three-fourths its breadth; eyes small, lateral,
about 5 in the head, 13 in the interorbital space, and 1% in the snout;
interorbital space broad and flat; mouth broad, the maxillary reaching
the eye; lips rather thin and broad; teeth sharp and in a single series
in each jaw; gill-openings lateral, directly in front of the pectoral, and
ASPASMA CICONIA.
the isthmus very broad across. Origin of the dorsal nearer the tip of
the pectoral than the base of the « ‘audal, and its last ray united to the
caudal peduncle by a membrane; anal beginning behind the origin of
the dorsal, its last ray even with the last dorsal ray and also adnate
to the caudal peduncle by a membrane; pectorals broad, rounded, and
short; disk rounded, its edge fringed, about 1} in the length of the
head; caudal short, rounded, and a little greater than the pectoral;
posterior portion of the body compressed laterally so that the depth
of the caudal peduncle is equal to the interorbital space.
Color in alcohol uniform pale brown with a red tint behind the eyes
and on the caudal. This description from two examples from Waka-
noura, measuring 22 and 22 inches respectively.
This species is etme nel from Asparma minima by the ends of
the dorsal and anal reaching the caudal and thus their bases are upon
the caudal peduncle; it also differs in the larger number of fin rays.
Our specimens from the tide pools, near Wakanoura, No. 7136,
Leland Stanford Junior University museum.
416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
(ciconizx, of the Stork, in allusion to the bird for which this pictur-
esque ‘* Bay of Romantic Song” was once famous. The poem ‘‘Over
Waka-no-ura! the storks fly a crying,” etc., is well known in Japan.)
1 Waka-no-ura ni
Shio michi kureba
Kara wo nami
Ashebe wo sashite
Tazu naki-watara.
Translated literally:
On the shores of Waka
When the tide flows in,
Dry land being none,
Toward the place of reeds
The storks fly crying.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CRUSTACEAN FAUNA OF
NICKAJACK CAVE, TENNESSEE, AND VICINITY.
By WitiraAm Perry Hay,
Of Howard University, Washington City.
I.—INTRODUCTION.
During the summer of 1901 the writer was able to visit Chattanooga,
Tennessee, for the purpose of examining certain caverns in that region
and making collections of the crustacean fauna. Like most other parts
of the country in which limestone abounds, the region is full of caves,
some ten or more being easily accessible from Chattanooga. Of these
only a few have been visited by collectors. Owing to lack of time the
writer was forced to pay attention only to the better-known caves, a
brief description of which follows. :
Nickajack Cave is situated near Shellmound, Tennessee, a small sta-
tion on the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad, about 20
miles southwest of Chattanooga; it may also be located about one-
fourth of a mile north of the point where the south line of Tennessee
is joined by the boundary line between Georgia and Alabama. Here
is also the end of Sand or Raccoon Mountain, a long ridge, which for
many miles separates the drainage basin of the Tennessee River from
that of the streams which flow into the Gulf of Mexico, a broad, flat-
topped ridge with a foundation of limestone and a superstructure of
the sandstone. It rises rather abruptly from the narrow river valley
to a height of over 1,700 feet.
The mouth of the cave, which by the removal of a few trees has been
made easily visible from the railroad, lies at the base of the north point
of Sand Mountain, and the passage seems to extend straight back along
the axis of the ridge. In size and impressiveness the entrance far sur-
passes that of any other American cavern, and alone should make Nicka-
jack a point of interest. It isabout 200 feet wide and 75 feet high from
the surface of the cave stream to the ceiling. About half the width is
taken up by the gorge through which the stream flows; the remainder
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXV—No. 1292.
Proes Ne M. vol. xxv-—02 27 417
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
is filled to a height of probably 50 feet with a mass of clay and rocks.
The mouth of the stream is obstructed with great masses of rock,
which make entrance at that point almost impossible. Taking the
path on the left-hand side of the entrance, the visitor follows close
to the wall for a distance of about 100
yards to the brink of asteep hill. Here
the path divides, one branch leading
down the hill to a flat floor only a few
feet above the stream; the other still
follows the wall and soon enters a
crevice, which, in turn, leads to a laby-
rinth of low, tortuous passages. From
the labyrinth one may return to the
main cave again by a rough climb over
a great heap of fallen stone, the exit
being into an enormous room 100 feet
wide and long, and 60 feet high, in
which hundreds of bats have congre-
gated. From this room the path leads
down the side of the rocky hill to the
water’s edge and joins the other branch
of the original path, which was left on
the right on entering the labyrinth.
From here on the cave is much smaller,
the width has decreased to about 30 feet
and the ceiling is little, if any, over 20
feet high. The cave stream so nearly
covers the floor that one must walk
close to the wall and from time to time
cross the stream to find a path on the
mud banks, which border it first on one
-side and then on the other. If one
does not object to getting wet it is thus
SxetcH Map or NIcKAJACK CAVE.
a Wagon road crossing cave stream,
b Pool in front of cave.
e Entrance.
d Large stalagmite.
Valley in which are two stalagmites.
i
g
h
ab
i
l
Labyrinth of small passages.
Bank of large blocks of rock.
Side passage with branches parallel to
main Cave.
Side passage about 25 feet above level of
stream.
Wall of rock apparently ready to fall.
Mass of rocks obstructing cave stream,
Pool at limit of exploration.
m Possible continuation of passage.
possible to penetrate probably over half
a mile into the recesses of the cave toa
great room, 80 to LOO feet in diameter
and with a ceiling 60 or 70 feet above
the water. The stream here runs
through a gorge made still more narrow
by the fallen stone, which hes as if
thrown down by some great convulsion
of nature and seems ready to take another tumble if disturbed to the
slightest degree. At one place the rock masses have blocked the stream
so effectually thatitis impossible to get a boat around them, and beyond
is a large pool too deep to cross by wading. ‘This room is practically
a ee kh BE ha
ee A
"NO. 1292. CRUSTACEANS ‘OF NICKAJACK CAVE—HAY. 419
the limit of exploration; but that the cave, probably as a large and
easily traveled passage, goes much farther there can be but little doubt.
There is evidence on every hand that the cave is very old, and is
now in its period of decline. There are no stalactitic formations of
importance except at a point about LOO yards from the entrance where
there is a large mound-like stalagmitic growth 6 or 8 feet high and
perhaps 20 feet in diameter. In a series of pockets or basins on this
stalagmite were found large quantities of *‘cave pearls,” rounded con-
cretionary masses of lime which had formed in the disturbed water
without becoming attached to the sides or bottom. In several places
in the cave there are immense heaps of loose rock piled from the
floor to the ceiling, and in some cases large blocks seem to have fallen
quite recently.
The cave stream, which has been already mentioned, flows through
the entire length of the cave, so far as it is known, and is of practi-
‘ally uniform size and depth throughout. It receives no tributaries,
but makes its appearance in the large pool at the end of the cave,
apparently boiling up from beneath the rock wall, and flows toward
the mouth of the cave with a good current. It is bordered first on
one side and then on the other by mud banks, the side next to the bank
being shallow, while the side next to the rock wall will average 3 or 4
feet in depth. The large pool just mentioned seems to be quite deep,
but as it was not possible to launch a boat upon it it was also impossible
to sound it.
Two visits were paid to the cave, each extending over several days.
At the time of the first visit, heavy rains having recently fallen, the
yater in the cave was so high as to preclude the possibility of collect-
ing. The net result of six days work was a single pair of blind cray-
fish. The second visit, some ten days later, was more successful, as,
the water having subsided, it was possible to get from one part of the
cave to another and to work in the stream itself.’
Less famous than Nickajack Cave, but at the same time widely
known, is a rather small cavern known as Lookout Cave, which runs
for some distance back under Lookout Mountain. The entrance is
reached from the Nashville, Chattanooga, and St. Louis Railroad tracks
not over a mile from Chattanooga. The passage a short distance from
the entrance becomes quite narrow, but a little farther on widens and
becomes higher so that it is quite commodious. The route gradually
descends to the level of the river outside and at last meets a small
subterranean stream along which one can wade for some distance in
either direction. I was able to visit this place but once and then found
the water too muddy for successful collecting. In one deep hole, how-
ever, I saw a very pale-colored salamander about 15cm in length. It
may have been a larval form of some out-of-door species, but it looked
Cope and Packard, The Fauna of the Nickajack Cave, American Naturalist, XV,
1881, p. 880.
420) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
quite unlike any with which I am familiar. It swam away with such
rapidity when I attempted to secure it that it soon disappeared in the
muddy water.
At Rossville, Georgia, I was able to penetrate a few feet into a small
cave at the ‘‘ John Ross Spring.” At Shellmound I paid two visits to
what is known as the Wine-house Cave, a treacherous hole of 85 feet
almost perpendicular depth, filied with loose rock masses of all sizes.
The passage at the bottom of the cave is very short, but contains sev-
eral pools of water which will probably be found to contain about the
same fauna as the stream in Nickajack Cave.
During the interval between the two visits some collecting was done
at Rossville, Georgia, and in the immediate vicinity of Chattanooga.
The results of that work are included in this report.
Il.—REMARKS ON ANIMALS, OTHER THAN CRUSTACEA.
In addition to the light-colored salamander mentioned above I
observed several other animals, which may be referred to here, as they
will not find a proper place in the body of the paper.
In the Wine House Cave I saw a small white fish which, from its
actions, I took to be a blind species, but it was quite unlike Ambly-
opsis and may belong to some unknown species. Here also I secured
one specimen of the cave salamander, Spelerpes maculicauda.
In Nickajack Cave there were hundreds of bats, and in their dung,
which covered the floor and rocks in some places to a depth of several
inches, I found numerous small Lepidopterous insects in appearance
very like the ordinary clothes moth. Cave crickets (//Zadenwcus sub-
terraneus Scudder) were common, but nowhere abundant. In the
stream I noticed a few small minnows and many blobs (Coftus sp.).
Here I also found a good-sized water snake (Vatria sp.) swimming
about in a most confused manner.
1Am. Nat., XV, 1881, p. 880.
es ee
oe
:
NO. 1292. CRUSTACEANS OF NICKAJACK CAVE—ITAY. 431]
or wanting altogether, when present of no definite shape. First
antenna more than half as long as the extended body; with a small
secondary flagellum of about two articles; the flagellum is more than
twice as long as the peduncle and composed of about sixteen segments
in the male and twenty-nine in the female. Second antenna short,
not half as long as the first antenna, flagellum not much longer than
the second or third segments of the peduncle, composed of five or six
articles.
First pair of legs of the male with the carpus broad, triangular, and
armed with numerous stiff hairs, most of which stand near the inferior
angle. Propodus subquadrangular, broadest distally, and possibly a
little produced at the inferior distal angle; inferior margin with a
number of stout hairs; palmar surface with a deep groove, on each
side of which are a number of strong teeth and stiff hairs. Dactyl
curved and strong, as long as the palmar surface; in the female these
parts differ in being smaller and less strongly armed than in the ‘male.
Second pair of legs of the male with the carpus similar in general
form and armature, but proportionally broader and stouter. — Pro-
podus considerably larger than that of first pair of legs and elongate,
twice as long as broad; the greatest width is at a point about one-
fourth of the distance from the posterior end, and from this point the
width of the segment narrows rapidly and nearly uniformly to the
base of the dactyl; the superior margin is slightly convex; the inferior
margin, the shape of which has already been described, is posteriorly
provided with a considerable number of long, stout hairs, while the
palmar surface, extending over two-thirds of the infero-anterior mar-
gin, has a few bristles and ten or more strong teeth in two rows
between which the dactyl can be closed; of these teeth the inferior one
or two are much larger than the others; the dactyl is larger and
stronger but less curved than that of the first pair of legs. In the
female the second pair of legs is only slightly larger than the first
pair, and the armature of the propodus is weak.
The fifth, sixth, and seventh pairs of legs are strongly developed
and bear on their posterior margins especially an unusual number of
fine, hair-like spines.
Epimera of the first four thoracic segments rather strongly devel-
oped, the fourth being unusually large and quadrangular.
Segments of the abdomen rounded above and without a trace of the
spines characteristic of the genus.
Telson divided nearly to its base, each division truncate, and with
three or four rather stout spines.
Posterior pair of abdominal appendages with the inner ramus short
and rudimentary, the outer well developed and composed of two
segments.
No marked variation is observable in the alcoholic specimens, except
432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
that in one example the eyes are entirely gone while in the others the
eyes are present, but very small. Dr. Packard has called attention
to the well-developed eyes; compared with other subterranean species
they may be regarded as well developed, but when compared with the
Gammarus in the pool just outside the cave their eyes are minute and
not more than rudimentary. In the living animal a great variation
was observable in the color, some being pure white while others were
inclined toward the purplish spoken of by Packard. The original
description of C. antennatus is here quoted, but it must be understood
that the identification of my specimens with Packard’s species has been
on account of the correspondence of his figure and type locality rather
than the description.
It isa large and purplish species; the first antennee very long; the flagellum with
20 to 24 joints; the entire antennze being over one-half and nearly two-thirds as
long as the body; the last joint of the peduncle being slightly more than halféas long
as the penultimate joint. Compared with C. gracilis Smith, from Lake Superior, it
differs in the form of the eyes, the longer and stouter first antennee, the flagellum
Fic. II.—CRANGONYX ANTENNATUM.
b Head with base of upper and lower antenne and eyes.
e Manus of second pair of feet. After Packard.
having a greater number of joints, and in the different proportions of the joints of
the peduncle. * * * The fourth pair of epimera are usually large and square,
The telson, together with the caudal stylets, is much as in C. gracilis, but the rami
are slightly stouter and more polished and the spinules a little stouter. It is prob-
od
ably a little larger species than C. gracilis, the specimens being 6 to 7 mm. in length;
the eyes are not so distinct and are only one-fourth as large as in C. gracilis.
I first met with this crustacean well within the cave and beyond the
point where the last traces of daylight were visible. They were found
ona piece of decaying wood, but, although a number were seen, they
were so active that only a few were obtained for preservation. I
afterwards found them in various parts of the cave stream, always
on decaying wood. ;
Although there are several rather important differences between my —
specimens and the description of C. antennatum, | have no hesitation
in regarding it as Packard’s species, as it agrees very well with the
figures, but I find it must belong to the genus Wiphargus of Schiddte
rather than to Crangonyu.
No, 1292. CRUSTACEANS OF NICKAJACK CAVE—HAY. 433
GAMMARUS PURPURASCENS, new species.
Type.—No. 25544, U.S.N.M. Collected September 6, 1901, by
W. P. Hay, at the mouth of Nickajack Cave, Shellmound, Tennessee.
Eyes large, reniform, with the concavity anterior. Head large,
deep, notched in front for both antenne, and with a very short ros-
trum. First antenne about half as long as the body, with a small sec-
ondary flagellum of three articles; flagellum with from twenty to
thirty articles; all the basal segments and those of the flagellum plen-
tifully provided with hairs. Second antenne a little over half as long
as the first pair; first basal segment short and broad, second and third
short, the second with a spine on the inferior margin; fourth and fifth
segments of nearly equal length, each longer than the first three seg-
FIG. 7.—GAMMARUS PURPURASCENS, NEW SPECIES.
a, Left lateral view ofadult male. g, Legs of first pair. /, Appendage of thirteenth seg-
b, First antenna. h, Legs of third pair. ment.
c, Second antenna. i, Legs of seventh pair. m, Dorsal view of abdomen and
d, Mandible. j, appendage of eleventh seg- appendages.
e, Third maxillipeds. ment. n, Telson.
J, Legs of second pair. k, Appendage of twelfth segment.
ments together; flagellum, composing about one-third of the append-
age, of nine articles. All these segments, like those of the first antenne,
are plentifully provided with stiff hairs, and the segments of the fla-
gellum bear, in addition, each a particular mushroom-shaped sense
organ.
First pair of legs of the male strong, but of slightly smaller size
than those of the second pair. The carpus is short and broadly trian-
gular; its distal margin, especially near the inferior angle, is abun-
dantly supplied with long bristles. The hand slightly broader than the
carpus, its superior and inferior margins convex, the palmar surface
very oblique and armed on each side with scattered spines and teeth
between which the dactyl closes; the bristles on the hand are most
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 28
434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
abundant near the palmar surface and the distal end of the superior
margin. The dactyl is about one-half as long as the hand, strongly
curved and very acute.
The second pair of legs differs from the first not only in size but in
the shape of all the segments and their armature of hairs and bristles.
The carpus is more perfectly triangular in profile, but has an almost
exactly similar arrangement of bristles. The hand is somewhat quad-
rangular; its superior and inferior margins are subparallel and the
palmar surface is only slightly oblique; there are a few teeth and hairs
at the sides of the palmar surface, another small bunch of slender
hairs near the articulation of the dactyl, and a rather extensive patch
of stiff bairs on the inferior margin. The dactyl is straighter than in
the preceding appendage and more blunt.
The other pereiopods are similar to those of the Gammaride except
that the third and fourth are very hairy and the fifth, sixth, and sev-
enth have the basal segments much narrower, broadest at the proximal
end and gradually narrowing distally.
Segments of the abdomen rounded above, the fourth, fifth, and
sixth with the posterior margin slightly produced in three places—one
in the middle and one very near the middle line on each side—and
armed with three small clusters of spines. The spines of the middle
clusters are rather smaller than those of the side clusters.
Both rami of the posterior caudal stylets with many slender hairs
but no teeth.
Telson divided almost to the base; each division with a spine near
the middle of the outer margin and a series of about five at the distal
extremity.
This species resembles Gammarus lémneus Smith, but has much
longer antennx, larger eyes, differently arranged spines, and a differ-
ent telson. Judging from Smith’s figure’ the posterior caudal stylets
are much longer in G. /émneus. The second antenne of G. purpur-
asceus have fewer segments than G. /imneus, but the difference is
more than made up by the very numerous segments of the first
antenne.
The variation in the number of segments in the first antenne is
apparently dependent upon sex and age; they are longest in fully
adult males, slightly shorter in adult females, and shortest in the
young, without distinction as to sex.
I found this species quite common among the growing vegetation
and decaying wood in a pool at the mouth of the cave. In color they
were a dark purplish gray and their movements in the water were very
quick, so that their capture was quite difficult. I also found them in
the spring at Rossville, Georgia, but of smaller size and in fewer
numbers.
=< ——————
‘Rept. U.S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries, 1872-73, p. 651, pl. u, fig. 6.
;
s
No. 1292. CRUSTACEANS OF NICKAJACK CAVE—HAY. 435
Order MACROURA.
‘amily ASTACID.
Genus CAMBARUS.
CAMBARUS BARTONI CAVATUS, new subspecies.
U.S.N.M. 25017. Powell R. Tazewell, Tennessee.
Distr tbution.— Eastern and central Tennessee. .
Similar to C. dartonz, but with broad, parallel sided, deeply exea-
vated rostrum; the appearance of deep excavation being partially given
by the unusually high elevation of the margins of the rostrum. The
areola is narrower and more thickly punctate than in C. barton? bartond
and the epistoma is triangular. The antenne extend almost to the end
of the abdomen and the carapace is more nearly cylindrical.
While, as in all the other subspecies of C. barton7, there is quite a
little variation noticeable in this form, the characters given above will
be found to hold good in the majority of cases. Intermediates with
the Kentucky or Virginia forms must of course be expected.
There are in the United States National Museum specimens of this
subspecies from the following localities in Tennessee: Tennessee River
near Knoxville and Coco 3 Balls Creek near Tazewell; Indian
Creek near Cumberland Gap, ae Powell River at Tazewell. The
latter, which have been selected as the types, have the characters of
difference most marked.
I found this crayfish in small numbers in the cold water flowing
from the John Ross Spring at Rossville, Georgia. One large fem: ile
carried young.
CAMBARUS HAMULATUS Packard.
The crustacean of the greatest interest to me in Nickajack Cave was
the blind crayfish, Cambarus hamulatus, described by Packard.’ The
first specimens were observed during my first visit to the cave; a male
and a female about 45 mim. in length were found on a mud bank at the
edge of the water. No more could be collected during the first week,
fldiouah repeated search was made in all possible localities.
At the time of my second visit to the cave, after the water had fallen
and was clear again, a specimen was occasionally observed. But it
was not until | began to look for them under the rocks in the cave
stream that I found how common they were. They appeared habitu-
ally to live under such, where they had scooped out a cavity in which
to he and from which they seemed seldom to travel. When disturbed,
if they sought to escape, it was by crawling away rather than by swim-
ming, and they would seldom move more than «few feet. Most often,
however, they would lie perfectly still, 2a after the cloud of mud
Nae ceo baa Amer. Nat., XV, 1881, p. 880.
436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
eaused by raising the stone had cleared away, they could be seen Lying
quietly in their cavity or treading the mud to avoid being covered up.
They were easily caught in the hands, as even after they had been
touched they made no great effort to get out of danger. Indeed, in
one case, I let a large specimen drop back into the water and a minute
or so later found it lying at my feet; it had sunk like a stone and had
not tried even to crawl away. They seemed to be totally devoid of
the senses of sight and hearing, and the sense of touch did not seem to
be nearly as well developed as in C. pelluctdus. I tried many experi-
ments to determine these points, as well as those regarding the habits
mentioned above. Asis well known, C. hamulatus differs considerably
from (. pellucidus and is more closely related to such forms as C. bar-
toni ov C. latimanus, which are surface dwellers and provided with well-
developed eyes. Nevertheless, the general appearance is so strikingly
like C. pelluc/dus that without a careful examination it would be exceed-
ingly difficult to distinguish the two species. Compared with the two
other blind crayfishes from this country, C. setosus and C. acherontis,
the resemblance is less marked and the greatest difference is noticed
between C. hamulatus and C. setosus. Yet C. setosus is the closest
relative of C. hamulatus, while C. pelluctdus and C. acherontis, which
are very dissimilar in general appearance, are closely related. These
facts are cited to show that there are apparently certain characters in
the crustacea which readily lend themselves to modification under sub-
terranean influences, but which mean very little when it comes to detect-
ing family, generic, or specific relationships or differences. Sense
organs and color may change with such rapidity that the animal becomes
a true spelean species before it is able to so change its habits as to
become perfectly adapted toa subterranean life. Thus, I would regard
the habit of living under stones of C. hamulatus and Cacidotea rich-
ardsonx as a primitive instinct to which the animals cling in spite of
the fact that it is useless. C. pellucidus is probably an older species
and has adapted itself more perfectly to conditions in the caverns
where no special concealment is necessary.
As to the ancestry of C. hamulatus we would most willingly look to
some species of the C. barton? group, which occurs in this region, and
of the three which are known to occur, C. bartonz, C. latimanus, and
C. extraneus, the latter is far more like C. hamulatus than either of the
othertwo. There is, however, another species, C.jordani Faxon, which
in some characters agrees still more closely with C. hamulatus, and its
range is not so far away as to make it impossible that it will still be
found in the same territory. .The wide and long areola, the lateral and
branchiostegial spines of the carapace, the flat rostrum with lateral
spines and long acumen, triangular epistoma, long antenne (even
longer mm jordan? than in hamulatus), the shape of the antennal scale,
the development of hair on the inner faces only of the third maxilli-
NO, 1292. CRUSTACEANS OF NICKAJACK CAVE—HAY. 4d
Co
peds, and the long fingers are all characters in which the two resemble
each other. They differ markedly in the shape of the carapace, areola,
and hand, and the body and all the appendages in C. hamulatus are
more elongate and slender. The characters of difference, however, are
undoubtedly due to the subterranean influences and are to be explained
as Dr. Lonnberg has explained the differences between C. archerontis
and C. clark.
Unfortunately we know only the second form male of C. jordani
and any comparison of the rather peculiar annulus ventralis of the
female of C. hamulatus with that of the other species is impossible.
Of this species a series of twenty-six was obtained from Nickajack
Cave and one specimen from a small cave known as
Wine House Cave, about three-fourths of a mile
distant from Nickajack.
Altogether there are fifteen females and eleven
males, and of the latter ten are in the second form
and one first form.
In size the specimens range from 17 to 65 mm. in
length, both the extremes being found in the fe-
males. Of the males the smallest is 33 and the
largest 55 mm. long. Beker yo ee
Very little variation is observable in this series, — or rresr rorm mace.
and such as there is is confined to minute characters;
thus, in some specimens the cervical groove is arcuate, in others
slightly sinuate; in some the acumen of the rostrum is very slender,
in others stouter. In the larger specimens there are two or three
smaller spines, which are less developed or wanting altogether in the
smaller specimens.
The first form male, which has hitherto not been observed, differs
from the second form in having slighly stouter chele, the hooks on
the third pair of legs are much stronger (in some of the second form
males they are wanting), the basal segment of the fourth pair of legs
is perhaps provided with a little larger knob, the first pair of abdomi-
nal appendages have the tips of the branches sharply recurved, the
tips of the inner branch is slender, straight, and spiniform, and is
directed backward at right angles to the rest of the appendage and a
little outward; the outer branch is curved over the tip of the inner, it
is thin and blade like and horny.
CAMBARUS LATIMANUS STRIATUS, new subspecies.
Type.—U.S.N.M. 25019. Nashville, Tenn. E. B. Williamson,
collector.
Dr. Faxon’ was the first to call attention to certain aberrant speci-
mens of C. datimanus from Blount Spring, Cullman, and Bridgeport,
'Revision of the Astacidze, p. 69.
438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL, XXV.
Alabama, and Ashland, Cheatham County, Tennessee, in which the
areola is reduced almost to a line in the middle, the metacarapace is
longer in proportion to the procarapace, the fingers are shorter, the
tuberculation of the hand weaker, the epistoma narrower and less
strongly truncate.
Recent additions to the collection of the United States National
Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, of material col-
lected near Nashville, Tennessee, by Mr. E. B. Williamson and a
series of specimens collected by myself at Nickajack Cave show that
we are dealing with a distinct geographical race of C. latiémanus, the
range of which extends over fe eastern portion of Tennessee and
northern portion of Georgia and Alabama.
It may be described as follows: Similar to C. /atémanus, but with
the rostrum a little more decurved and perhaps a little broader toward
the tip. Suborbital angle rounded, branchiostegian spine developed,
but very small, lateral spine of carapace usually represented by a
denticle just behind the cervical groove. Areola linear, sometimes
almost obliterated, its length equal to the distance from the cervical
groove to the base of the rostrum. Epistoma triangular, not trun-
cate, sides convex. Hands with one rather strong row of squamose
tubercles along the inner margin and just above it another obscure
row of much weaker tubercles, hand and, especially the fingers,
deeply and roughly punctate, but not tuberculate, except as just men-
tioned. The carpus commonly bears strong median and small proxi-
mal internal spines and a rather blunt spine below at the distal border,
but both this segment and the meros vary, as they do in the typical
forms.
The specimens from Ashland City, mentioned above, belong to this
subspecies, and the others are, in various ways, intermediate between
the typical C. datémanus and those just described.
From a series sent alive to the United States National Museum
the following color notes were taken, which are interesting in that
they show that the same species may have at least two styles of
coloration. The sexes were not distinctively colored and there was
some variation in each style.
In one, the ground color, in fact nearly the entire body was a clear
sage green shading into dirty gray brown on the sides and tail fin and
into very dark-brown black on the sides of the head. There were a
few blackish shadings on the angles and inner surfaces of the meros,
carpus, and chelipeds. The margins of the rostrum, postorbital
ridges and the tips of all the spines on the chelipeds and the tips of the
fingers were ochre yellow. Beneath, the color was of a uniform light
gray.
In the other style of coloration the ground color was a dark brown
(near clove brown but not so red), becoming a little lighter on the head
_—
NO. 1292. CRUSTACEANS OF NICKAJACK CAVE—HAY. 439
and fading intograyishon the sides. Beginning at the cervical groove
and extending the full length of the abdomen, but not including the
_ telson was a conspicuous light-brown stripe, widest on the carapace
and with irregular and poorly defined margins, but on the abdomen
pretty well defined. In addition to the median stripe, the abdomen
had on each side a lateral stripe, well defined along its inner margin,
but of uncertain limits outside. There was a faint suspicion of rusty
yellow on the sutures in the external blade of the tail fin and the spines
of the body were white. Beneath, the color was very light vinaceous.
In the summer of 1901 I found this crayfish in some numbers under
the stones in a small pool formed by the stream issuing from Nickajack
Cave. The males were all of the second form and both sexes exhibited
the two-color phases mentioned above. Several of the specimens were
brought alive to Washington, but most of them soon died. ‘Two, a
male and female, survived several months, living in a small bowl in
which the water was frequently changed and food supplied from time
to time in the shape of bits of apple and shreds of meat. November
15 the female shed her shell, but did not exhibit a perceptible increase
in size. December 20 the male shed his shell and came out as form I,
but without a marked increase in size.
It may be added that among the specimens collected at the mouth of
Nickajack Cave, two of the second-form males had evidently shed their
shells very recently; so, from evidence now at hand, it looks as if the
second-form condition begins in August and lasts until December, but
Iam inclined to believe that the specimen kept in captivity had its
ecydysis somewhat hastened by the unnatural conditions.
CAMBARUS SPINOSUS Bundy.
Specimens of this species (Males f. II and females) were obtained
from a small stream flowing from a pond which, in turn, was fed by the
cave stream known as John Ross Spring near the town of Rossville,
Georgia. They agree very well with typical specimens, except as
regards the length of the posterior portion of the carapace, which is a
little more than one-half as long as the distance from the cervical
eroove to the lateral spines of the carapace.
In habits they seemed to be very similar to ©. propinquus Hagen,
living in shallow burrows in the soft mud, in shallow water, or in exca-
vations under flat stones.
A REVIEW OF THE BLENNOID FISHES OF JAPAN.
By Davin Starr Jordan and JOHN OTTERBEIN SNYDER,
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
In the present paper is given a descriptive catalogue of the blenny-
’ like fishes (Blenniide and Anarhichadide) known to inhabit the
waters of Japan. It is based on the collections made by the writers
in the summer of 1900 for the museum of Stanford University and on
the specimens in the United States National Museum. The accom-
panying drawings are the work of Mrs. Chloe Leslie Starks and Capt.
Charles Bradley Hudson.
Family I. BLENNIID.
BLENNIES.
Body oblong or elongate, naked or covered with moderate or small
scales, which are ctenoid or cycloid; lateral line variously developed,
often wanting, often duplicated; mouth large or small, the teeth vari-
ous; gill membranes free from isthmus or more or less attached to it;
pseudobranchiz present; ventrals jugular or subthoracic, of one spine
and 1 to 3 soft rays, often wanting; dorsal fin of spines anteriorly,
with or without soft rays; anal fin long, similar to soft dorsal; caudal
well developed. Vertebre in moderate or large number, 30 to 80;
hypercoracoid (or ‘‘scapula”) perforate; shoulder girdle normally
formed; suborbital without bony stay.
Fishes of moderate or small size, mostly living near the shore in the
tropical and temperate or arctic seas; most of them carnivorous, the
Clinine, so far as known, ovoviviparous, the rest mostly oviparous.
Dr. Gill divides the group into six families, but the relations of these
are very close, and the distinctive characters of some of the families
are subject to exceptions.
I. Tropical blennies with the vertebree mostly in moderate number, usually fewer
than 45; lateral line usually arched high above the pectoral; dorsal fin with one or
more soft rays posteriorly; anal spines little developed; ventrals well developed,
usually I, 3; gill membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus.
a. Clinine: Body scaly; lateral line high anteriorly; species ovoviviparous as far
as known.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXV—No. 1293. Ae
449 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
b. Dorsal divided into three fins; scales ctenoid; rather large. _.-.- Tripterygion, 1.
6b. Dorsal fin continuous; scales small; shoulder girdle without hook; maxillary
normal: mouth@arge $0.21. 5..32 oes ee eee en eee Zacalles, 2.
aa. Body scaleless; species viviparous; teeth comb-shuped, in a single row; vomer and
palatines toothless, or nearly so; lateral line usually arched in front; soft dorsal
about equal to spinous.
c. Blenniine: Teeth all fixed, attached to the bones of the jaws; carnivorous.
d. Gill-opening relatively large; caudal rounded; gill membranes broadly
united, nearly or quite free from the isthmus; one or both jaws with
posterior! canines: 3 7s 2224 S42. Pe ak ee ee ee A ee Blennius, 3.
dd, Gill-opening reduced to a small slit; one or both jaws with posterior
canines; caudal rounded or angular.
é= Dorsalelevatedindiront; = ae ease see nee eee eee eee Petroscirtes, 4.
ee. Dorsal notelevated in-fromtss_ 5-256 2-1 ee eae aoe eee Aspidontus, 5.
ce. Salariine: Teeth all movable, implanted on the skin of the lips; herbivorous.
f. Posterior canine wanting.
g: Dorgalicontmuous2 4252 es ee ee ee Salarias, 6.
gg: Dorsal deeply divided’ 2222-242. 4-6. ae ee Scartichthys, 7.
II. Blennies, arctic or subarctic; the vertebree in large number, 50 or more; lateral
line various; scales small, eycloid, rarely wanting.
h. Gill-membranes not continued forward below, the membranes
broadly united, sometimes joined to the isthmus; ventral fins
small or obsolete.
i. Pectoral fins relatively short or wanting, never pointed, and not
more than half as long as head; pylorie cceca few or none.
j. Body not covered with crosswise tubes running at right angles
to the lateral line.
k. Dorsal fin composed of spines only.
l. Chirolophine: Ventral fins well developed, I, 3; gill mem-
branes free from isthmus.
m. Lateral line obsolete, represented anteriorly by a row
of pores; top of head covered with matted cirri;
teeth in two rows so aligned as to form a cutting edge.
1: SHVCAOSSCANY secant eee eee eee Azuma, 8.
WN: Lean ake ds a
This genus differs from Weozoarces in the much shorter spinous dor-
sal and the much greater number of rays in the soft dorsal. There is
no tentacle on the forehead.
Northern Japan.
(Name modified from Zoarchus, a more correct form of Zoarces.)
27. ZOARCHIAS VENEFICUS Jordan and Snyder, new species.
KAZUNAGI (SWARMING EEL).
Head 63 in length; depth 11; eye 5 in head; snout 33; interorbital
space;(45 Dk 3 VETTE Alec.
Body long and slender, gradually sloping from head to the pointed
tail. Head long, pointed; snout sharp; the jaws equal; eyes high up,
the upper rim of orbit forming a fleshy projection above level of inter-
orbital space. Mouth wide, the cleft on lower side of head, parallel
with ventral outline, the maxillary extending beyond orbit, its length
equal to one-half the head; teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and
teal
cembbie ee ee
no. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 481
palatines; gill-membranes forming broad fold across isthmus; gill-
‘akers on first arch about 3+ 12, minute, slender, pointed; pseudo-
branchiv large; head without filaments or papille; nostrils with tubes;
head naked; body with minute, circular, deeply-embedded scales; no
lateral line.
Dorsal inserted above base of pectoral, the spines strong, curved,
pungent, their length somewhat less than diameter of orbit; membrane
of fin thick anteriorly, becoming somewhat thinner posteriorly, con-
cealing the spines and rays not incised between them; anal inserted
below eighteenth spine of dorsal, the spine strong, equal in height to
the rays, which are somewhat less than diameter of orbit; membrane
of fin not incised; dorsal and anal confluent with the caudal, which is
sharply rounded; pectoral rounded, 14 head; no ventrals.
Color in spirits, light brownish-yellow, marked with dusky; head
clouded and reticulated above, almost immaculate below, the lower
border of the dusky color sharply defined by a band from snout
through lower part of eye to opercle; dusky color of body forming
a sort of network with a row of circular openings about the size of
Fig. 19.—ZOARCHIAS VENEFICUS.
pupil, extending along middle of side to tail; above the larger open-
ings are many smaller ones; prolongations extend upward and down-
ward from the network, forming pointed vertical bars on the fins, 21
on the dorsal, 18 on the anal; sides of belly with 4 or 5 pointed pro-
jections; pectoral with a small dark spot at its base.
A great many specimens measuring about 70 mm., were collected at
Hakodate. They were scooped up by the native children in large
baskets from the algae growing in the shallow water near shore.
Specimens were also found at Mororan and at Otaru.
Type No. 7076, L. S. Jr. Univ. Mus.; cotype No. 50278, U.S.N.M.
(veneficus, one who bewitches, from the bewildering coloration.)
17s DICT YOSO NA Sehiegel:
Dictyosoma SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 139 (burger?).
Body elongate, covered with very smali, smooth scales; lateral line
forming an elaborate network; two series of mucous pores running
longitudinally, connected by vertical cross lines. Mouth moderate,
the jaws with small teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; dorsal fin
long, of many spines and a few soft rays, the soft part partly joined to
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——31
482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
the caudal; anal with two simple spines; ventrals reduced each toa
scale-like projection, which disappears in maturity.
Japan.
(dzxtvov, net; T@pua, body.)
28. DICTYOSOMA BURGERI Van der Hoeven.
DAINANGINPO (FORMOSA SILVER-TAIL). KAMISORI UWO (RAZOR—
FISH).
Dictyosoma SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 1389, pl. Lxxiu, fig. 3,
Shimabara, near Nagasaki.
Dictyosoma burgeri VAN DER Hoeven, Handbuch der Dierkunde, about 1850,
p. 347.—B.eeker, Ichth. Fauna Japan, 1853, p. 9; Kaminoseki.
Dictyosoma temmincki BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., XX V, Japan, p. 42; Nagasaki.—
GtnrTHErR, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 279, copied.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897,
p. 35; Boshu, Misaki, Sagami Bay, Hakodate, Kishin.
Head 64 in length; depth 75; eye 63 in head; interorbital space 13;
snout 44: D. LIT, 10; A. I, 49.
Snout short, blunt, the upper part with a fleshy ridge, which con-
tinues backward to the occiput, growing lower posterior to eyes;
lower jaw somewhat longer than the upper; mouth oblique, maxillary
extending slightly beyond a vertical through posterior edge of orbit;
lips very large, thin; teeth in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and
palatines, the outer row on the jaws enlarged; gill-rakers on first arch
2+ 10, small, slender, rather widely spaced; pseudobranchie large;
nostrils with small tubes; no filaments on head.
Head naked; body covered with minute, rather deeply embedded
scales; lateral line forming a complicated network on body.
Dorsal inserted a little posterior to base of pectoral, spines growing
longer posteriorly, the longest 34 in head; longest rays 24; membrane
of fin thick and fleshy, concealing the spines, not incised; anal spine
weak, rays becoming longer posteriorly, those near middle of fin
measuring 34 in head; membrane of fin thickened about the rays,
incised between them, leaving the tips free; dorsal and anal united
with the caudal, there being a small incision at their union; pectoral
rounded, 25 in head; ventrals sometimes represented, usually in small
specimens, sometimes in large ones, by a pair of minute spines.
Color, blackish or bluish olive, the head lighter, finely speckled
with blackish; a broad light band passing downward and backward
from eye. Some individuals have the body sparsely spotted with
black.
This species is very abundant in the rocky bays of middle Japan.
Our many specimens are from Aomori, Tokyo, Misaki, and Waka-
noura. It reaches a length of about 15 inches, and often comes into
the markets.
(Named for Mr. Biirger, who collected specimens and drawings at
Nagasaki for Siebold and Schlegel.)
>
no. 12983. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 4838
18. OPISTHOCENTRUS Kner.
Opisthocentrus Kner, Sitsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1868, p. 49 (quinguemaculatus).
Blenniophidium BouLencer, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1892, p. 583 (petropauli).
Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small
cycloid scales; head with small scales; mouth small, protractile, with
fleshy lips; small conical teeth on jaws and on vomer; no cirri; gill-
membranes broadly connected, but free from isthmus; branchiostegals
4; dorsal fin very long, extending from the nape to the caudal, with
which it is subcontinuous, a few of the posterior rays stiff spines, the
rest being simple, not articulate, flexible; anal tin extending from the
anus, which is a little nearer the anterior than the posterior extremity,
to the caudal, with two slender spines in advance of the soft rays; no
ventrals; no lateral line; no prominent anal papille; pyloric append-
ages present. A remarkable genus, allied to Lampenvs, or rather to
Plectobranchus, distinguished by having only the posterior spines rigid.
North Pacific.
(Omi¢6e, behind; Kévtpor, spine.)
a. Dorsal rays about 59; anal II, 56; no sharply defined cross-streaks on head; dorsal
AMER O MGs OR tac ka ocell lasers sey area ree ee ey eke oe ocellatus, 29.
aa. Dorsal rays about 51; anal II, 33; head with sharply defined cross-lines like pen
marks; dorsal fin with about ABblackishispotsmeemes = ee eae zonope, 30.
29. OPISTHOCENTRUS OCELLATUS ( Tilesius).
GAZU.
Ophidium ocellatum Titestus, Mem. Ak. St. Petersb., I], 1811, p. 287; Kamchatka,
D. 80; A. 50 (evidently an error). The rude figure shows D. 73; A. 50; the
spines low; the dorsal with 5 ocelli.
Gunnellus apos CuvteR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIV, 1839, p. 426,
after Tilesius.
Centronotus apos GUNTHER, Cat., III, 1861, p.
Centronotus ( Opisthocentrus ) Bea ee Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
1868, p. 48, pl. vi, fig. 20; ‘‘Pinang.’’ Described from a young example
2 inches long, No. 6353, Mus. Wien. Doubtless from Decastris Bay.
Opisthocentrus reticulatus STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., X, 1881, p. 11, pl. v, fig. 2;
Gulf of Strielok (Coll. Prof. Dybowski).
Blenniophidium petropauli BouLENGER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 584, with
plate; Petropaulski (Coll. George Baden-Powell). D. 52; A. 37; 5 ocelli.
Opisthocentrus tenuis Bran and Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1897 (January 28),
p. 463, pl. xxxv; Volcano Bay, Port Mororan, Japan. (Coll. Col. Nicolai
A. Grebnitski. Ty pe No. 47565, U.S.N.M.)
Opisthocentrus quinquemaculatus STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., IX, 1880, p. 25.—
Bean and Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1896, pp. 381, 592; Petropaulski.
Opisthocentrus ocellatus JORDAN and GILBERT, Rept. Fur ‘Seal Invest., 1898, p.
384.—JoRDAN and EVERMANN, Fish N. and M. Amer., III, p. 2429.
Head 5% in length; depth 6; depth of caudal peduncle 24 in head;
eye 43; interorbital space 53; snout 6; D. LIX; A. II, 36.
Interorbital space low, flat; snout sharp; jaws equal; mouth oblique,
484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
maxillary as long as snout, not reaching anterior edge of orbit, teeth
in narrow bands on jaws; about 4 small teeth on the vomer, none on
the palatineso, gillrakers on first arch 3-++-12, the upper 3 very small,
the lower series rather long and slender, except the lowermost 2 or 3,
which are short; pseudobranchiz large, nostrils with small tubes; no
tentacles on head. Membrane of dorsal somewhat thickened, not
incised between the spines; anterior rays rather soft, the posterior
ones strong, curved, pungent; height of middle rays 33 in head; mem-
brane thickened, especially anteriorly incised between the rays. Cau-
dal rounded, 14 in head; pectoral similar in shape, 1% in head.
Head with scales, except on snout and ventral parts; body covered
with minute scales; membrane of dorsal with scales between the rays,
especially on posterior part; no lateral line.
Body olivaceous, vaguely mottled or reticulated with dusky; upper
part of head dark; a dark line extending downward from eye; dorsal
tin with 6 prominent ocelli, which grow longer and less sharply defined
with age, the young often bright green, taking the color of the eel
grass in which they live. The species is subject to much variation.
SRR en
aS
SQA
Wn’
SSSI
Fic, 20.—OPISTHOCENTRUS OCELLATUS.
The head measures from 43 to 6 in the length according to age. The
spots in our specimens vary from 5 to 7. The dusky mottling may
be absent from the body, or it may be very conspicuous, there being
all gradations of color from one locality. Jordan and Evermann note
the following variations: Ocelli 5 to 9, usually 6; dorsal 55 to 61,
usually 58 or 59; anal 36 to 39 (including the spines which are counted
as rays).
Some specimens from Petropaulski Harbor (representing QO. reticu-
latus Steindachner) have markings on the head and neck much like
our O. zonope. They have, however, vomerine teeth and a larger
number of dorsal ocelli and also more dorsal spines, agreeing in those
respects with O. ocellatus.
Our very many specimens are from Hakodate, Aomori, Mororan,
and Otaru. We have examined others from Petropaulski. The spe-
cies is excessively common in the Bay of Mororan, the young swarm-
ing in the eel-grass, Zostera.
(ocellatus, with eye-like spots. )
ee
——-
i?
a
en.
no. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 485
30. OPISTHOCENTRUS ZONOPE Jordan and Snyder, new species.
Head 53 in length; depth 54; depth of caudal peduncle 2% in head;
eye 43; snout 33; interorbital space 44; D. LI; A. II, 33.
Body a little deeper than in QO. ocellatus; interorbital space broad
and flat; jaws equal; maxillary short, scarcely reaching anterior edge
of pupil; teeth small, blunt, widely spaced, in narrow bands on jaws,
none on vomer or palatines; gill-rakers on first arch 13, small, slender,
pointed; pseudobranchie large; nostrils with tubes; no filaments on
head; large mucous tubes on head; a row on lower jaw, on posterior
and anterior borders of eye, and another extending from eye to upper
edge of gill-opening; a large pore between eyes and also on nape.
Head with scales on cheeks and occiput; body with small, smooth
scales; membrane of dorsal fin with a few minute scales extending
upward on its base, more evident on posterior part; no lateral line.
Dorsal inserted above base of pectoral, joined to the caudal poste-
riorly, a notch separating them; membrane of fin thickened anteriorly,
not incised along its edge; spines slender except the last 12 or 15,
it
PTR
KN
RA
Fic. 21.—OPISTHOCENTRUS ZONOPE.
which are strong, stiff, and curved, those near middle of fin contained
two times in head; anal inserted below nineteenth spine of dorsal, the
spines slender, weak, and not pungent, the rays near the middle con-
tained about 2? in head; the fin not connected with the caudal; the
membrane rather thin, incised between the rays; caudal rounded, 14
in head; pectoral broad, rounded, 14 in head, no ventrals.
Color, light olive-green, the sides with indistinct, irregularly shaped,
vertical lines or bars, in some specimens connected ina network; head
with a number of sharply defined, narrow, dark bands, one passing
across interorbital space through eye, downward on chin, another
extending from eye backward and downward to subopercle, a curved
hand passing over occiput and connecting eyes, another passing over
the nape and downward on opercle; a narrow band extending from
base of pectoral upward to beginning of dorsal (these lines present
and sharply defined on a series of 25 specimens); base of cauda! with
a narrow, vertical, dark band; dorsal with 4 large, round, black spots
with faint, light margins, the first spot on the twelfth and thirteenth
spines, the second on the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth, the fourth
486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXv.
near end of fin; the second spot as large as eye; the number and loca-
tion of the spots are constant in our specimens; the dorsal fin is also
lightly clouded with dusky.
Described from a specimen about 125 mm. long. Type 7077, L. 8.
Jr. Univ. Mus.; co-type No. 50292, U.S.N.M. The species may be
recognized at a glance by | be bands on the head and the 4 large spots
on the dorsal. It is represented by many specimens from Mororan,
and one from Otaru. It occurs in shallow water in the eel-grass.
Dorsal Anal
spines. | rays.
52 II, 30
51 | I, 31
52 ioe
50 IT, 29
51 ES 3
52 | I, Siem
51 II, 33 |
/ , ,
(Cw@vn, zone; w77, look.)
19. ABRYOIS Jordan and Snyder, new genus.
Abryois JonDAN and SNYDER, new genus of Blenniidex (azume).
This genus differs from Opisthocentrus in haying a naked head with-
out tentacles; teeth in narrow bands on jaws and vomer, none on pala-
tines; gill membranes forming a broad fold across the isthmus; body
with minute, partly embedded scales; membranes of dorsal and anal
with scales; dorsal spines flexible anteriorly, becoming strong near the
middle, the posterior ones rather heavy; anal with 2 slender spines.
(a, neg. prefix; Bevoers, mossy, there being no tentacles on the head.)
31. ABRYOIS AZUM/£® Jordan and Snyder, new species.
Head 6% in length; depth 6; lee of caudal peduncle 1 in head;
eye 64; interorbital space 42; snout 34; D. LIT; A. II, 40.
Interorbital space broad, convex; snout rather blunt; jaws equal;
mouth oblique, maxillary extending to a vertical through anterior
edge of pupil; teeth stout, sharp, in narrow bands on jaws and vomer,
none on palatines. Anterior edge of shoulder girdle with an elevated
sharp ridge. Gill-rakers on first arch 4+14, close set, the middle
ones long, slender. Nostrils with tubes; no tentacles on head.
Numerous large mucous pores on head. Head naked; body covered
with small, close set, partly embedded, cycloid scales; membranes of
dorsal and anal with scales between the spines and rays; basal fourth
of caudal with scales; no lateral line.
Dorsal inserted above base of pectoral, the spines gradually growing
higher to a point above middle of anal, where they measure 3 in the
NO. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 487
head; anterior spines slender, soft, growing stiff and pungent near
middle of fins; posterior spines strong, curved, the basal half com-
pressed; membrane of fin fleshy, not incised between the spines.
Spines of anal small, the tips pungent, rays highest near anterior end
of fin, 23 in head; membrane thick, slightly incised between the rays.
Caudal rounded, 15 in head. Pectoral rounde > in head.
Color in spirits brownish, with a dark round spot on dorsal above
middle or a little posterior to middle of pectoral. In life the color of
the body is olive brown, the spot bright greenish blue.
FIG. 22.—ABRYOIS AZUME.
Described from a specimen about 400 millimeters long from Moro-
ran. Smaller specimens from the same locality are lighter in color,
the spots being inky black; they have a narrow dark band extending
downward and forward from eye, another downward and backward
disappearing on cheek, a crescentic band on occiput connecting the
eyes.
Type No. 7078, Leland Stanford Junior University. Cotype No.
50294, U.S.N.M.
Dorsal. Anal. 1 |
LXI IT, 38
ex Il, 40
LXIUI 1,37 |
LXI 39 |
LXIII It, 4! |
LXIII IT, 39 |
We have many specimens from Mororan and Otaru, where it occurs
in the eel grass.
(Azuma, the poetical name for eastern Japan.)
20. PHOLIDAPUS Bean and Bean.
Pholidapus Bean and Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 389 (grebnitskii).
Body moderately elongate, compressed, covered with very small,
smooth scales. Mouth small, horizontal; bands of small teeth on jaws
and vomer, none on palatines. Head naked; gill membranes broadly
connected, free from the isthmus; dorsal very long, composed entirely
of flexible spines; anal of soft rays; caudal short, rounded, separate;
no ventral fins; no lateral line; pyloric ceca present. This genus is
488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
close to Opisthocentrus, but has no pungent spines, and the head is
naked. Okhotsk Sea.
(godis, Pholis; azovs, without feet, i. e., ventral fins.)
a. Dorsal spines, 62 to 64; dorsal fin with 1 to 3 dark ocelli..-..------ dybowskii, 32.
aa; Dorgal spines, 57; dorsal fin without ocelli 2. . 22-222 223322 ee grebnitzkii, 33.
32. PHOLIDAPUS DYBOWSKII (Steindachner).
Centronotus dybowskii SvEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitrige, IX, 1880, p. 22; Gulf of
Strielok, near Vladivostock.—JorpAN and EvERMANN, Fish N. and M. Amer.,
III, p. 2480; Iturup Island.
Head 54 to 62; depth 6 to 64; D. L.XII or LXIL; A. II, 39. Eye
33 to 42 in head; snout a little longer than eye; lower jaw scarcely
included; 1 or 2 strong, conical teeth on each side behind the narrow
premaxillary band of teeth; teeth on vomer, none on palatines; no
cirri; large pores about eye and on opercles; longest dorsal spines 23
to 3 in depth of body, last spines shorter and stiffer than the others;
dorsal and anal slightly joined to caudal; pectoral as long as caudal;
about 14 in head. Head naked.
Brown or grayish, with faint spots or marblings; 1 or 2, rarely 8,
dark ocelli on the dorsal; 3 or 4 dark streaks radiating from eye, the
uppermost joining its fellow. Length 10 to 15 inches.
Sea of Okhotsk, north to the Kuril Islands. Our specimens, 5 in
number, the longest 25 cm. long, from Shana Bay, Iturup Island.
The scales are entire, strongly marked with concentric striz. The
dorsal spines number 62, 63, 63, 64, 64. Dorsal ocelli are present on
all our specimens, 2 of them being faintly visible, even in the youngest,
55 mm. long. (Named for Professor Dybowskii, its first collector.)
33. PHOLIDAPUS GREBNITZKII Bean and Bean.
Pholidapus grebnitzkii Bean and Beran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 390,
pl. xxxiv; Voleano Bay, Japan. (Coll. Col. Nicolas A. Grebnitzki. )
This species from Voleano Bay, near Mororan, may differ in the
smaller number of dorsal spines and in the absence of dorsal ocelli.
Not having examined the types, we are not sure of its distinction from
Ph. dybowskii.
The specimens are 141 mm. long, including caudal; 126 mm. to base
of caudal. The head (22 mm.) is equal to the greatest depth of body.
The eye is slightly longer than the snout and one-fourth as long as
the head. The interorbital space is narrow, two-thirds of the length
of the eye. The naked head resembles that of Pholis, its length is
contained about 5} times in total length without the caudal. The
mouth is small and very oblique; the mandible is slightly included
and has a well-developed lip. The maxilla is partly concealed under
the preorbital bone; it does not quite reach to below the anterior
margin of the pupil. The anterior nostril is midway between the
eye and the tip of the intermaxilla. Seven mucous pores around the
No. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 489
orbit; 3 on the preorbital bone. The pore in the origin of the semi-
circular dark band around the nape is continued backward by a series
of 6 similar ones, ending near the upper angle of the gill opening.
A series of 10 or 11 pores, beginning near the front of the chin on
each side, extending backward, and curving upward to the upper
anterior edge of the operculum. The gill membranes are broadly
united, but they are not joined to the isthmus. The dorsal origin is
over the end of the head; the fin is low and consists of spines, the
longest and strongest in the posterior third being slightly longer
than the eye. The distance of the vent from the tip of the snout
contains the head length 2% times. The anal is slightly lower than
the dorsal, the rays longest posteriorly. The caudal is rounded, and
is barely separated from the dorsal and anal. The pectoral base is
broad, and the fin is two-thirds as long as the head. The intestine
is slender and is more than twice as long as the head. Stomach short,
pear shaped, with 6 slender, pyloric ceca of unequal length, the
longest about twice as long as the eye. The body is completely
sealed; the scales very small, cycloid, closely imbricated, with numer-
ous concentric strie, and they extend halfway up the membrane,
connecting the dorsal spines.
The general body color is brown; the sides sparcely and vaguely
mottled. The pectorals are pale. A narrow dark band extends from:
the middle of the eye downward and forward, a similar band running
backward from the eye on the preopercle; an interrupted semicircular
band from eye to eye across the nape. D. LVII; A. I, 39 or 40.
(Bean and Bean.)
(Named for Col. Nicolas Grebnitski, late governor of Komandorski,
to whose industry and zeal the Museum is indebted for many valuable
collections. )
21. ERNOGRAMMUS Jordan and Evermann.
Ernogrammus JORDAN and EverRMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., IIT, 1898, p. 2441
(enneagrammus ).
This genus has the general characters of St/cheus, but there are 3
distinct lateral lines, each of which has numerous short, oblique
branches, ending in a large pore, these not extending across to join
the other lateral lines; dorsal high; pectorals and ventrals well devel-
oped; body not greatly elongate.
(epvos, branch; yeas, line.)
a. Dorsal spines about 41; pectoral banded; head with three oblique bands.
DeeAMaluray sees nceptononmelength 2a. .5- os. cees wee en es oe hexagrammus, 34
ie analuraysra4-deptiveGs im lengths. 2.134). 4 2082. ee enneagrammus, 35
aa. Dorsal spines 49; anal rays 32; pectoral banded; head nearly plain. ..epallax, 36
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
34. ERNOGRAMMUS HEXAGRAMMUS (Schlegel).
Sticheus heragrammus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 1386, pl. ux xi,
fig. 1; Bay of Shimabara, near Nagasaki.—Gtnrner, Cat. Fish., III, 1861,
p- 284.
Head 4; in length; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head:
eye 54; interorbital space 103; snout 4. D. XLI; A. I, 28.
Body subcylindrical, head low, somewhat flattened above; interor-
bital space flat; snout pointed; jaws equal, maxillary extending almost
to a point below posterior border of eye. Teeth in narrow bands on
the jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill membranes extending forward at
their union, forming a V-shaped fold across the isthmus. Pseudo-
branchie large; gill rakers on first arch, 8 or 10, very short and blunt.
Nostrils with tubes; no tentacles on head.
Head naked; body closely covered with minute smooth scales.
Lateral lines 3, with very short branches above and below, each ending
ina large pore; the upper line extending from above gill opening to
Fic, 23.—ERNOGRAMMUS HEXAGRAMMUS.
caudal; the median one passing from upper edge of base of pectoral to
middle of caudal; the lower one originating in front of ventrals, divid-
ing two branches just behind base of pectoral, passing backward along
belly, the branches uniting at origin of anal and extending along base
of that fin.
Dorsal spines not very rigid, highest behind middle of fin, 3 in head,
membrane of fin rather thin, not incised between the spines, united to
base of caudal; anal spine slender, small; highest rays 34 in head;
pectoral rays much broadened toward their tips, the membrane incised
between them; the fins rounded, 13 in head; ventrals equal in length
to 2 times the diameter of eye.
Body with indefinite, dark, vertical bands, most evident on the
younger specimens; side of head with 3 oblique, dark bands with
white edges; dorsal dark, the posterior spine with whitish tips; anal
narrowly edged with white; pectoral with 5 or 6 narrow, white bars;
caudal edged with white, sometimes having a broad, whitish blotch on
base.
Described from many specimens about 120 millimeters long from
Hakodate. We have representatives from Hakodate and Otaru.
i
No. 1298. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 491
Although described from near Nagasaki, we obtained no specimens
from southern Japan.
(€F, six; ypapypo, line.)
35. ERNOGRAMMUS ENNEAGRAMMUS Kner.
Sticheus enneagrammus IKNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1868, p. 16, pl. VI,
fig. 19; Decastris Bay. (No. 1401c Mus. Wien.)
wrnogramnius enneagrammus JORDAN and EvERMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer, III.
1898, p. 2441, copied. :
Head 3%; depth 63. D. XLI; A. 33 or 34; P. 14 or 15. Eye 4 in
head; as long as snout; mouth large, nearly horizontal, the max-
illary reaching middle of eye; lower jaw projecting; profile of snout
nearly horizontal; fine pointed teeth in bands on jaws and across the
vomer; head naked; dorsal of high, slender spines; caudal separate,
rounded; anal high; pectoral long, 15 in head; ventrals one-half as
long as pectorals; scales very small, smooth; lateral lines each with
short, oblique branches, each ending in a wide pore; 1 lateral line
along base of caudal from head to caudal, 1 along middle of side, 1
along base of anal to caudal, this forking at the vent and sending 2
parallel branches forward to the breast.
Brownish; 2 rows of small, dark spots along middle lateral line;
dorsal and anal with dark spots and a broad, dark margin; pectorals
with 8 black cross bands; a dark bar at base peecaudal: 3 black bars
from eye.
Okhotsk Sea. Known from a specimen 1? inches long, from Decas-
tris Bay (Kner). Not seen by us. The species is very close to Ayno-
grammus hexagrammus and may prove to be the same. The anal rays
a little more numerous.
(evvea, nine: V PO juin, line. )
36. ERNOGRAMMUS EPALLAX Jordan and Snyder, new species.
Head 5 in length; depth 74; depth of caudal peduncle 32 in head;
eye 43; snout 43; interorbital space 133; D. XLIX; A. I, 32.
Body slender; the head rong and pointed; the snout sharp; inter-
orbital space narrow, convex; lower jaw projecting slightly beyond
the upper; maxillary perendine to a vertical, through pupil. Teeth
villiform, in broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines. Gill opening
extending forward below, forming a V-shaped fold across the isthmus.
Pseudobranchi large; gill-rakers on first arch short. Nostrils with
slender tubes, equal to two-thirds the length of the snout; no fila-
ments. Numerous large mucous pores on various parts of the head.
Body covered with minute, cycloid, elongate scales; posterior part
of dorsal membrane and basal part of caudal and pectoral with scales;
head naked. Lateral lines 3; the first extending from a point just
above gill opening, along upper part of body to near the caudal, with
499 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
long branches at short intervals extending toward the dorsal fin; the
second line branches downward from the first above base of pectoral,
and extends along median part of body to base of caudal, without long
branches; the third line unites with the one on the opposite side of the
body just behind the isthmus, extends backward, branching behind
base of pectoral; the upper branch passes backward to near base of
‘audal fin, sending down several small lines toward the anal fin; the
lower branch, which is connected with the upper one anteriorly by 3
or 4 cross lines, extends along belly to base of anal fin; each line has
numerous, very short branches, which end in large pores.
Dorsal fin inserted a little behind base of pectoral, united posteriorly
with the caudal; spines slender, slightly stronger posteriorly, the
middle ones 2% in head; membrane of fin thin, not incised. Anal
inserted below seventeenth spine of dorsal, not connected with the
caudal, middle rays 34 in head; membrane thin, incised between the
rays. Caudal rounded, 13 in head. Pectoral rather acutely rounded,
+in head. Ventrals a little longer than diameter of eye.
|
Fig. 24.—ERNOGRAMMUS EPALLAX.
Color in spirits brown; no lines or spots on head or body; fins all
darker than the body, the dorsal with indistinct dark clouds, the anal
narrowly edged with white posteriorly, the pectoral with 4 or 5 indis-
tinct light vertical bands.
Described from a specimen 275 mm. long, from Otaru, loaned to us
by Professor Nozawa, of the Fisheries Bureau at Sapporo.
(exa\ha&, crosswise.)
22. OZORTHE Jordan and Evermann.
Ozorthe JORDAN and EverMANN, Fish. N. and M. Amer., III, 1898, p. 2441 (hexa-
grammus=dictyogrammus Kner, not of Schlegel).
This genus has the general character of Ernogrammus, but besides
the 3 chief lateral lines on each side there are two or more incomplete
ones, and the lines are connected by numerous branches extending at
right angles to them.
Ochotsk Sea.
m” 2 7? e
(ofos, branch; op47, right angle.)
no. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 493
37- OZORTHE DICTYOGRAMMUS (Herzenstein).
Sticheus dictyogrammus HerzENstEIN, Mélanges Biol., 1890, p. 121; Hakodate.
Stichaeus hexagrammus Kner, Sitzber, Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1868, p. 45; Decastris
Bay, not of Schlegel.
Head 4# in length; depth 5; depth of caudal peduncle 2? in head ;
eye 6; snout 4; interorbital space 103. D. XLV.; A. I, 25.
Body rather deep and compressed ; head pointed ; interorbital space
convex; jaws equal, maxillary extending to middle of eye. Teeth
minute, in narrow bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; gill-mem-
branes continued forward below, forming a V-shaped fold across the
isthmus. Gill-rakers on first arch 10, short, pointed. Pseudobran-
chie large. Nostrils with low tubes; no filaments on head.
Head naked; body covered with minute, closely apposed, cycloid
scales. Lateral line system forming a complicated network; a com-
plete lateral line passing from upper edge of base of pectoral to mid-
dle of caudal peduncle; one above this not quite complete posteriorly,
the two connected by branches which are close together and regular
FIG, 28.—OZORTHE DICTYOGRAMMUS.
in position near the pectoral, farther apart and irregular posteriorly;
a third line extending along base of dorsal, connected with the second
by cross lines; a fourth very irregular one extending on body above
base of anal; a fifth passing along close to base of anal, connected
with the one above it and this in turn connected with the first
described line; the fourth line may in some specimens be traced for-
ward to base of pectoral, while in others it is so short and broken as
to scarcely appear as a line; a median line along belly connecting with
branches on each side with the lateral lines.
Dorsal inserted a little anterior to base of pectoral, with stiff, pun-
gent spines throughout, the middle ones highest, 2 in head; mem-
brane of fin not greatly thickened, not incised between the spines, not
connected with the caudal rays. Anal inserted below twenty-first
dorsal spine, the spine short and slender, the rays highest on anterior
third of fin, 2% in head; membrane incised between tips of rays,
not connected with the caudal rays. Caudal rounded, 1$ in head.
Pectoral rounded, 14 in head, the edge incised, its length 14 in head;
ventrals 23 in head.
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV,
Color in spirits dark brownish or blackish; a round black spot above
upper edge of gill opening; eye with 3 dark bands radiating from it,
the 2 on cheek most prominent, the other extending backward from
eye, not evident on all examples; dorsal fin indistinctly spotted with
blackish; pectoral and caudal with light vertical bands of irregular
shape; anal with elongate light spots, the edge narrowly tipped with
white; caudal tipped with white.
In life the spot on shoulder is steel blue and very conspicuous; the
body is covered with bands and clouds of dull orange; a bright band
on bases of caudal and pectoral.
Described from a specimen about 100 mm. long from Hakodate.
|
| Dorsal. Anal. |
|
SS
|} 44 I, 23 |
44 |e 4
| 44 Tose
| 43 I, 23
| 44 tea23
We have many specimens from Hakodate, Nemuro, and Same.
(Sixtvor, net; yea, line.)
The following is the substance of Herzenstein’s description of O2zor-
the dictyogramma:
Head 4; depth 43 in length of body (without caudal’); D. 44; A.
24 or 25; P. 14; V. 4. Eye 52 in head, nearly half greater than inter-
orbital space.
Maxillary reaching to opposite front of middle of eye; mouth
oblique; head with numerous pores; nostrils with short tubes midway
between eye and tip of snout; teeth in broad bands on jaws, vomer,
and palatines; head naked; a naked area between nape .. . dorsal
and anal; body thickly scaled, lateral line somewhat variable, the upper
runs from gill-opening above concurrent with the back, uniting itself
near end of body with the middle line, which begins over the pectoral
and ends at middle of caudal. From the upper line numerous cross
branches run to the base of dorsal, where they form a network by
means of a faint uppermost horizontal line; numerous vertical cross
branches between upper and middle lateral line. From middle lateral
line vertical branches run downward, which unite to forma line between
ventrals and anal, more or less interrupted. Similar branches above
the anal, where they unite partly in a line along base of anal. Branches
of lateral line spreading over region before ventrals and pectoral.
Dorsal beginning over gill-opening and joined to base of caudal;
longest spine 3 in head, the last and the first a little shorter; last anal
‘ays reaching caudal; pectoral as long as from tip of snout to preoper-
cle; ventrals nearly half as long as pectorals; caudal 74 to 8 in length
of body.
no. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 495
Color apparently uniform; two or three dark stripes backward and
downward from eye; dark spots on dorsal and anal and irregular dark
cross streaks on pectoral and caudal.
Known from two specimens from Hakodate, collected by Maximo-
wicz in 1863. (Herzenstein. )
20. SLICE AsO Psls Kner and Steindachner.
Stichxopsis IKNER and STEINDACHNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1870, p. 21
(nana).
Body moderately elongate, strongly compressed, scaleless. Head
short, pointed. Jaws equal, with a band of fine-pointed teeth; no
teeth on vomer and palatines. Dorsal rays all spinous, only the ante-
rior ones flexible at tip, the others stiff. Dorsal, anal, and caudal
united. Ventrals regularly formed, close together, each I, 4; jugular
in position. Pectoral long, pointed; caudal short. Lateral lines, three,
obscure, all incomplete.
Okhotsk Sea.
(sticheus, Oris, appearance. )
38. STICHAZOPSIS NANA Kner and Steindachner.
Stichxopsis nana KNER and STEINDACHNER, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1870, p. 21;
Decastris Bay.
Head 4 in total length 33 in body; depth 5; eye 4 in head; snout 4;
Dem VA. 20-91 ©. 153, V.5-5; BP. 14.
Mouth oblique, maxillary extending to a point a little anterior to
middle of eye. The upper of the strongly developed lateral lines
begins at upper edge of gill-opening and extends to a point below
base of tenth or twelfth dorsal spine. The second or middle one
begins not far from the tip of depressed pectoral and ends above the
middle of the body; the third extends above base of anal.
Body light brown, with irregular reddish-brown spots, which also
occasionally occur on the dorsal. Anal with a dark border on the
under side of the rays. Three dark bands radiate below and behind
the eye. A dark-brown spot behind base of pectoral; a second at
beginning of upper lateral line. Many brown specks on head, body,
and fins.
A small specimen, somewhat over an inch long, from Decastris Bay.
(Steindachner and Kner.)
Not seen by us.
(nanus, dwarf.)
24. STICH4ZUS Reinhardt.
Sticheus REINHARDT, Dansk. Vidensk. Natur. og Math. Afhand]., 1837, p. 109
(punctatus).
Notogrammus Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., IV, 1881, p. 147 (rothrocki); young.
Body moderately elongate, covered with small scales; teeth on jaws,
vomer and palatines. Lateral line present, single, running alongside
496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
of back; pectorals and ventrals well developed. Dorsal moderately
high, of spines only; gill-openings continued forward below, the mem-
branes scarcely united to the isthmus; pyloric ceca present.
Arctic seas.
(or1ya@, to set in rows.)
39. STICHA US NOZAW 4 Jordan and Snyder, new species.
2
Head 5 in length; depth 63; depth of caudal peduncle 33 in head;
snout 53; eye 53; interorbital space 10; D. LI, A. I, 37.
Body compressed, head rather small and pointed. Eyes large,
directed obliquely upward, interorbital space convex, suborbital area
narrow. Lower jaw projecting beyond the upper, lips thin, maxillary
extending to posterior border of eye. Teeth in narrow bands in the
jaws, the outer ones somewhat enlarged; tips of jaws each with 2
canines, those of the lower jaw the larger; vomer and palatines with
narrow bands of villiform teeth. Gill-openings forming a V-shaped
fold across the isthmus. Pseudobranchie large; gill-rakers about
3+ 9 short, flat. Nostrils with small tubes. No filaments on head.
FIG, 26.—STICHZUS NOZAWZ.
Body covered with small smooth seales; membrane of dorsal and base
of caudal with minute scales; head naked. Lateral line simple, extend-
ing from upper edge of gill-opening, along upper part of body to
near the base of caudal, the pores in 2 rows.
Dorsal inserted above gill-opening, not united with caudal; the
spines stiff, pungent, the middle ones contained about + times in head;
membrane of fin not thickened, not incised between the rays. Anal
inserted below fourteenth dorsal spine, the membrane thin, incised
between the rays; middle rays 34 in head. Caudal slightly convex, 14
in head. Pectoral rounded, the lower rays shorter than the upper;
length of fin contained about 1} times in head. Ventrals pointed, 3
in head.
Color in spirits light brown, indistinctly clouded with darker;
small, blackish blotches along the lateral line; a brownish band
extending downward from eye. A broad band, similar in color
extending downwards and backward across cheek. Dorsal with 6
large blackish spots, the anterior one distinct, the others growing less
deinite posteriorly; scaled areas between the spines dark. Anal
dark toward the edge, the rays tipped with white. Caudal, pectorals.
and ventrals dusky.
ee
No. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 497
Described from a single specimen 255 mm. long from Otaru,
Hokkaido. The specimen was kindly loaned to us by Mr. 8S. Nozawa,
director of the fisheries bureau at Sapporo, for whom we take pleasure
in naming the species.
25. DINOGUNELLUS Herzenstein.
Dinogunellus Herzenstern, Mélanges Biologiques, 1890, p. 121 (grigorjewi)) .
General characters of Sticheus, the body more robust, the head
strongly depressed, the eyes small, directed upward, the mouth very
wide. Lateral line single, of vertical pairs of pores, ceasing near
base of caudal. The validity of this genus may be questioned.
(Servos, terrible; Gunellus).
40. DINOGUNELLUS GRIGORJEWI (Herzenstein).
NAGAZUKA.
Sticheus grigorjewi Herzenstein, Mélanges Biologiques, 1890, p. 119, ‘‘Mori on
Volcano Bay” (probably Mororan).
Head 5} in length; depth 83; depth of caudal peduncle 5 in head;
eye 134; interorbital space 10; snout 63; D. LVI, A. I, 48.
Fig. 27.—DINOGUNELLUS GRIGORJEWI.
Head large, greatly depressed, long and pointed. Eyes small, far
forward, high in head, directed obliquely upward. Interorbital space
concave. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting beyond the
upper, maxillary extending far beyond eye, its length 23 in head.
Lips large, the lower one thickened anteriorly. Teeth in bands on
jaws, those in upper jaw minute, in narrow bands, those below larger,
2 narrow toothed areas extending forward at symphysis; teeth on
vomer small, blunt; those on palatines enlarged, unequal in size, the
largest about as long as diameter of pupil. Guill-membranes united
extending forward below, forming a V-shaped fold across the isthmus.
Pseudobranchiz large; gill-rakers very short, flat, covered with stiff
cetee. Nostrils with short tubes. No filaments on head.
Body with minute, elongate, smooth scales; membrane of posterior
part of dorsal and of basal part of caudal with scales; head naked.
Lateral line with 2 rows of pores, extending along upper part of body,
ending before reaching caudal fin.
Proc. N2-M. vol, xxy—02——32
498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
Spines of dorsal stiff and sharp, those near middle of fin equal in
length to snout; membrane of fin thin, not connected with caudal, not
incised between the rays. Rays of anal near middle of fin, 43 in head;
membrane thick, incised, free tips of rays fleshy. Caudal truncate,
2 in head. Pectoral rather pointed, the upper rays longest, 14 in
head. Ventrals pointed, 43 in head.
Color in alcohol, whitish below, darker above; upper parts spec-
kled with brownish black; anal edged with white, lower part of
pectorals white, ventrals white.
Here described from a specimen 500 mm. long from Hakodate. An
example almost as large from Mito, north of Tokyo, presented by the
Imperial University, does not differ from the one described.
(Named for its discoverer, Grigorjew. )
26. LEPTOCLINUS, Gill
Ctenodon Nitsson, Skandinay. Faun., IV, 1853, p. 190 (maculatus) (name three
times preoccupied ).!
Leptoclinus Giti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 209 (aculeatus).
Body much elongated; lateral line obsolete; teeth on jaws, vomer,
and palatines; pectoral fins with the upper rays shortened; caudal fin
subtruncate. Arctic seas. This genus is close to Lumpenus, differing
mainly in the form of the pectoral.
(Aexros, slender; Clinus.)
41. LEPTOCLINUS MACULATUS (Fries).
Clinus maculatus Fries, Kgl. Vet. Ak. Handl., 1837, p. 49; Bohtslin, Sweden.
Lumpenus aculeatus Reiwuarpr, Kong. Dansk. Vid. Selsk., VI, 1837, p. 190; no
description.
Clinus aculeatus RetNHarpt, Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk., Natur. Afh., VII, 1838,
pp. 114, 122, 194; Spitzbergen.
Ctenodon maculatus Niusson, Skand. Fauna, IV, 1853, p. 190.
Sticheus maculatus GUNTHER, Cat., III, 1861, p. 281.
Lumpenus aculeatus Kroyer, Naturhist. Tidsskr., I, 1862, p. 377.
Sticheus aculeatus Ginruer, Cat., III, 1861, p. 282.—Co.uerr, Norske Nord-Havs
Exp., 1880, p. 67.
Lumpenus maculatus JORDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 777.—LILLJEBORG,
Sveriges Och Norges Fish., 1891, p. 500.
Leptoclinus maculatus Gitpert, Rept. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1893, p. 450.—JorpaNn
and EvrerMann, Fishes N. and M. Amer., III, p. 2433; Robben Island,
Kadiak, Unimak Pass, Bristol Bay.
Head 5; depth 8; D. LX (LVIIJ-LX); A. 36 (35-388).
Kye large, 33 in head; snout short and blunt, 43 in head, maxillary
reaching past middle of eye, 24 in head. Teeth in jaws, vomer, and
palatines, jaws each having two strong canines in front. Scale small,
eycloid. First 3 or ee spines short and free; longest dora
amiadon Ww agler, 1830, a eon Ehrenberg, 1838, a ae ae Stamens 1839,
a fish.
+00, Sindh BM RIPEN MEY on eens
PM,
eager
FIG, 28.—LUMPENUS FOWLERI.
edge of gill-opening to base of caudal, small clouds of brown on upper
half of body; top of head mottled with brown, cheeks with indistinct
spots, opercles with a blackish spot, the membrane lining gill-chamber
blackish. Fins without bands or spots, except a small, indistinct spot
near base of caudal.
Described from a specimen 315 mm. long, type 7079, Stanford
ichthyological collections, from Kushiro; presented by Mr. Nozawa
director of the museum of Sapporo.
The species differs notably from Lumpenus anguillaris in having a
smaller eye, more spines in the dorsal, and in not having banded fins;
the yentral is also probably shorter, being about equal to snout.
A specimen in the Imperial Museum (No. 599) from Nemuro proba-
bly belongs to this species. D. LX XVI; P. 14 in head; ventral not
longer than snout; maxillary reaching to middle of eye... A specimen
in the museum at Hakodate, also probably belonging to this species
rather than to the preceding one, has 75 spines in the dorsal.
(Named for Mr. Henry Weed Fowler.)
Family IJ. ANARHICHADID.
WOLF-FISHES.
Body oblong or elongate, covered with rudimentary scales; no lat-
eral line. Head scaleless, without cirri, its bones very thick and
strong, the profile strongly decurved. Mouth very large, oblique,
502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAT. MUSEUM. VOL XXv.
the jaws anteriorly with very strong conical canines; sides of lower
jaw with very strong molar teeth, which shut against a series of very
coarse molars on the palatines; vomer solid, armed with strong molar
teeth, the dentition adapted for crushing sea-urchins and mollusks.
Gill membranes broadly united to the isthmus; no pyloric ceca. Dor--
sal fin high, composed entirely of flexible spines; no ventral fins; pec-
toral fins broad, placed low. Large carniverous fishes of the northern
seas.
ANARHICHADIN®:
a. Body moderately elongate, the tail not tapering to a point; dorsal and anal sep-
arate-from-the: caudala2.: 28a 5 55-28 eee ee Anarhichas, 28.
28. ANARHICHAS (Artedi) Linnezeus.
Anarhichas (Artedi) Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 247 (/upus).
Body moderately elongate, covered with rudimentary scales; head
scaleless, without cirri, compressed, narrowed above, the profile
strongly decurved; mouth wide, oblique; premaxil!ary not protractile;
jaws with very strong conical canines anteriorly; lateral teeth of lower
jaw either molar or with pointed tubercles; upper jaw without lateral
teeth; vomer extremely thick and solid, with 2 series of coarse molar
teeth;- palatines with 1 or 2 similar series. Gill-membranes broadly
joined to the isthmus; no lateral line. Dorsal fin rather high, com-
posed entirely of flexible spines, which are enveloped in the skin;
anal fin lower; caudal fin developed, free from dorsal and anal; no ven-
tral fins; pectoral fins broad, placed low; air-bladder present; no pyloric
eeca. Northern seas. (Anarhichas or Scansor, the climber; an
ancient name of Anarhichas lupus; from AVAP PLYAOLaAL, to climb or
scramble up—the allusion not evident, the word spelled with a single
7 by Artedi and Linneeus.)
44. ANARHICHAS (species not described).
A large stuffed specimen of an Anarhicas is in the museum at
Hakodate, from the Aino village of Mombetsu, province of Iburi, in
Hokkaido. It is plain dark, with darker cross-bands; two rows of
teeth on vomer and palatines. Head 53 in length. Unfortunately
our notes are not suficient to distinguish this from the European
species Anarrhichas lupus Linneus, the only one with which it need
be compared. It is to be hoped that some Japanese naturalist will
complete the account of this interesting wolf-fish.
SUMMARY.
Family I. BLenniip®.
1. Tripterygion Risso.
1. etheostoma Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Wakanoura, Atami.
2. bapturum Jordan and Snyder; Misaki.
No. 1293. JAPANESE BLENNOID FISHES—JORDAN AND SNYDER. 503
ol
no
Sec
10.
i:
12.
—
ot
7
18.
19.
20.
. fasciatus (Bloch and Schneider); Aomori.
2. Zacalles Jordan and Snyder.
3. bryope Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Wakanoura, Enoura.
3. Blennius Linnzeus.
yatabei Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Enoshima, Wakanoura.
4. Petroscirtes Ruppell.
elatus Jordan and Snyder; Ishigaki.
5. Aspidontus Cuvier.
elegans (Steindachner); Hakodate, Enoshima, Misaki, Wakanoura.
trossulus Jordan and Snyder; Misaki.
dasson Jordan and Snyder; Wakanoura, Agu.
japonicus Bleeker.
6. Salarias Cuvier.
ceramensis Bleeker; Ishigaki.
7. Scartichthys Jordan and Evermann.
enosime Jordan and Snyder; Enoshima, Yogashima, Misaki.
stellifer Jordan and Snyder; Wakanoura.
8. Azuma Jordan and Snyder.
3. emmnion Jordan and Snyder; Hakodate, Miyako.
9. Bryostemma Jordan and Starks.
polyactocephalum ( Pallas).
otohime Jordan and Snyder; Hakodate.
saitone Jordan and Snyder; Aomori.
10. Enedrias Jordan and Gilbert.
nebulosus (Schlegel); Hakodate, Aomori, Otaru, Matsushima, Tokyo, Misaki,
Onomichi.
11. Pholis Scopoli.
piclus (Kner); Stump.
dolichogaster (Pallas); Robben.
taczanowskii (Steindachner); Hakodate.
12. Gunnellops Bleeker.
. rosea (Pallas).
13. Alectrias Jordan and Evermann.
Lbenjamini (Jordan and Snyder) ; Hakodate.
14. Eulophias H. M. Smith.
. tanneri H. M. Smith.
15. Neozoarces Steindachner.
. pulcher Steindachner.
. steindachneri Jordan and Snyder; Hakodate, Otaru.
16. Zoarchias Jordan and Snyder.
. veneficus Jordan and Snyder; Mororan, Otaru, Hakodate.
504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
17. Dictyosoma Schlegel.
28. burgeri Van der Hoeven; Aomori, Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura.
18. Opisthocentrus Kner.
29. ocellatus (Tilesius); Hakodate, Aomori, Mororan, Otaru.
30. zonope Jordan and Snyder; Mororan, Otaru.
19. Abryois Jordan and Snyder.
31. azume Jordan and Snyder; Mororan, Otaru.
20. Pholidapus Bean and Bean.
32. dybowskii (Steindachner); Iturup.
33. grebnitzkii Bean and Bean.
21. Ernogrammus Jordan and Eyermann.
34. heragrammus (Schlegel); Hakodate, Otaru.
enneagrammus Kner.
epallax Jordan and Snyder; Otaru.
Oo
oS
22. Ozorthe Jordan and Evermann.
37. dictyogrammus (Herzenstein); Hakodate, Nemuro.
23. Stichwopsis Kner and Steindachner.
nana Kner and Steindachner.
(J)
oO
24. Sticheus Reinhardt.
39. nozawae Jordan and Snyder; Otaru.
25. Dinogunellus Herzenstein.
40. grigorjewi (Herzenstein); Hakodate, Mito.
26. Leptoclinus Gill.
41. maculatus (Fries); Robben Island.
27. Lumpenus Reinhardt.
42. anguillaris (Pallas); Tarumai.
43. fowleri Jordan and Snyder; Kushiro, Nemuro, Hakodate.
Family II. ANARHICHADID®.
28. Anarhicas Linneeus.
44. species undetermined; Mombetsu.
A NEW FRESH-WATER ISOPOD OF THE GENUS MANCA-
SELLUS FROM INDIANA.
By Harriet RicHarpson,
Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates.
The species herein described as new was collected by Mr. L. E.
Daniels at Lily Lake, Laporte, Indiana, and sent to the United States
National Museum. J/ancasellus danielsi is the fifth known species of
the genus Mancasellus, M. brachyurus Harger, M. tenaw Harger, MV.
macrourus Garman, and J/. lineatus (Say) hay-
ing been previously made known, and one sub-
species, JZ. tenar dilata Harger.
Family ASELLID.
MANCASELLUS Harger.
MANCASELLUS DANIELSI, new species.
Body broadly oval, with lateral parts of seg-
ments widely expanded. Head broader pos-
teriorly than anteriorly, the posterior part
being as wide as the first thoracic segment.
Lateral margins have a deep and wide incision
which separates the narrower anterior lobes
from the widely expanded posterior lobes.
The eyes are opposite these incisions. The
frontal margin is produced in a small median
point, on either side of which is a shallow Fic. 1.—MANCASELLUs
depression, followed by another point, in turn Bea a
succeeded by a slight depression. The antennulz are short, reaching
only to the extremity of the fourth joint of the peduncle of the
antenne; the flagellum contains eight joints. The antennx are very
long, extending nearly the entire length of the body. The mandible
is without a palp.
The thoracic segments are subequal in length. The lateral parts
are widely expanded, with lateral margins entire.
PrRoceepinas U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXV—No. 1294.
505
506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
OW et oe A a ee ae
The caudal segment is narrower posteriorly than anteriorly, with
the end obtusely rounded. Width of segment at base about one and
one-half times its length.
The caudal stylets are long and slender, the length of the stylet
being equal to the length of the caudal segment. The basal joint is
equal to the length of the fifth peduncualar
joint of the antenne. The outer branch is
half as long as the inner branch.
The first pair of legs are subchelate. The
propodus is broadly expanded and armed on
the inner margin with a large tooth about
halfway between the base and the articula-
tion of the joint with
Vic. 2—-Manpisie or May- the dactylus. Between
ae the tooth and the articu-
lation of the dactylus with the propodus is a
process having a blunt, truncate extremity. The
dactylus is provided with two teeth near the base
on the inner margin. The carpus is small and
triangular in shape. The merus is produced at
the upper outer angle.
The remaining six pairs of legs are similar in
structure and ambulatory in character, with
biunguiculate dactyli.
Three specimens were
found at Lily Lake,
Laporte, Indiana, by Mr.
Daniels.
Type.—Cat. No. 25693,
U5. Ne
ye sae ioe it
This species 18 MOL fyeo3.—MAaXILIPED OF
closely related to Jf. tena —MANCASELLUS DANINISE
Harger than to any other eS a ee
species of the genus. It differs, however, from
AM. tenaw inthe greater length of the antenne,
which extend nearly the entire length of the
body, while in J/. tenax they are only half the
rig. 4—Lee or virst length of the body; in the greater width of the
Seer ee -audal segment in proportion to its length, the
width being one and one-half times the length,
while in Jf tenax the width and length of this segment are about equal;
in the greater length of the caudal stylets, which are equal to the length
of the caudal segment, while in Jf. tenax they are only a little longer
than half the length of the caudal segment; in the greater length of
the basal segment of the stylet, its length being equal to the length
a
7
‘
NO. 1294. A NEW FRESH-WATER ISOPOD—RICHA RDSON. 507
of the fifth joint of the peduncle of the antennee, while in J/. fenae it
is equal to the length of the fourth joint of that organ (the fourth
joint of the peduncle of the antenne in both species being shorter than
the fifth joint); in the greater breadth of the entire body in propor-
tion to its length, J/. tenax being narrower in width as compared to
its length; and in the difference in the legs of the first pair, the
propodus in J/. fenax being armed with one broad low tubercle (in
the sub-species di/ata the propodus is armed with three acute teeth),
while in JZ. dantelsi the propodus is armed with one large tooth and
one bluntly ending, truncate process, the dactylus being provided with
two teeth at the base, the dactylus in J/. tenax being armed with spines
on the inner margin, of which the distal ones are the larger, and at the
end with a large spine.
This species differs from J/. //neatus (Say) in having antennze some-
what shorter, in the fact that the propodus of the first pair of legs is
provided with a bluntly ending process between the long tooth, situ-
ated about the middle on the inferior margin, and the articulation
of the dactylus with the propodus; and in the longer outer branch of
the caudal stylets, it being half as long as the inner branch, while in
M. lineatus it is only one-third the length of the inner one.
Named for Mr. L. E. Daniels, by whom the specimens were col-
lected.
& NEW TERRESTRIAL ISOPOD OF THE GENUS PSEUD-
ARMADILLO FROM CUBA.
By Harrier Ricnarpson,
Collaborator, Division of Marine Invertebrates.
Only one species of this genus is known, /’seudarmadillo carinulatus
Saussure. The species herein described, to which the name 7?. gi///anus
is given, was collected at Nueva Verona, Isla de Pinos, Cuba, by
Messrs. Palmer and Riley. Only a single specimen was sent to the
United States National Museum.
Family ARMADILLIDID ®.
PSEUDARMADILLO Saussure.
PSEUDARMADILLO GILLIANUS, new species.
Body strongly and thickly tuberculate. The thorax is armed with
two longitudinal rows of long stout spines, each row being halfway
between the median line and the lateral margin. On the seventh
thoracic segment, however, the spines are closer together and are
much longer. A long median spine is present on the fifth abdominal
segment.
The head has the anterior margin produced in three lobes; a median
lobe, which is broad and roundly truncate, and two lateral lobes,
broadly rounded. The posterior portion of the head bears . four
prominent tubercles in a transverse series, the two outer ones being
much larger and stouter, with broad bases. The eyes are black and
distinct and are situated post-laterally. The antenne reach the middle
of the first thoracic segment; the flagellum is two-jointed, the proximal
joint being three or four times shorter than the distal one.
The first thoracic segment is covered with small tubercles, except at
the sides. The posterior portion of the lateral part of the segment is
produced backward a little, the post-lateral angulation being rounded.
The lateral border is curved upward, forming a slight concavity. On
either side of the segment halfway between the median line and the
lateral margin, and on the posterior part of the segment, is a long
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VOL. XXV—No. 1295.
509
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
stout spine, directed backward. The coxopodites are distinct the
entire length of the first segment on the under side and each is in
the form of a ridge, ending in a bifurcate tooth-like process. The
second thoracic segment has the coxopodites of the under side in
the form of tooth-like processes. The lateral spines of the second,
third, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments form two longitudinal series,
one on either side of the median line, halfway
between that and the lateral margin, and in
line with those of the first segment. The spines
of the seventh thoracic segment are, however,
much closer together and are also much longer.
The seventh segment is produced backward
about the center, so that it is longer at that
point than at the sides. The lateral portions
of the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments
are drawn out in narrow rounded processes,
slightly curving upward at their extremities.
The sixth and seventh segments have the lateral
portions drawn out in processes which are some-
what truncate at their extremities. All these
segments are thickly tuberculate except at the
sides and on the anterior por-
tion, where the segment artic-
Fic. 1.—PSEUDARMADILLO
GILLIANUS. x 5.
ulates with the one immedi-
ately anterior to it.
The first two segments of the abdomen are con- Fic. 2—anpomes or
cealed by the last thoracic segment. AI] the abdom- Lees yee
inal segments are tuberculate. One tubercle in the 7s eben
median line of the third segment is somewhat enlarged and more
prominent than the others. One tubercle in the median line of the
fourth segment is slightly more enlarged than the tubercle of the pre-
ceding segment. A long stout spine directed back-
—) ward is present on the fifth abdominal segment in the
median line. At the base of the terminal segment is a
large prominent tubercle, very much larger than those
of the third and fourth abdominal segments. The ter-
Fic. 3—Lateran minal segment is triangularly shaped, with the apex
VIEW OF ABDO-
MEN. x 8.
produced in a truncate process. The basal segment of
the uropoda, seen from the dorsal side, is large, wider
at the base than at the apex, filling the space between the lateral proc-
ess of the fifth abdominal and the terminal abdominal segment, and
continuing the oyal outline of the body. The outer branch is very
small and is inserted at the posterior angle of the basal joint. The basal
Joint, seen from the under side, is very large, triangular in shape, the
basal joint of either uropod meeting in the median line at the upper
NO. 1295. A NEW TERRESTRIAL ISOPOD—RICHARDSON. bill
inner angle. From this angle the inner branches of the uropoda
extend in the form of narrow elongate processes, broader at the apex
than at the base and not quite reaching the posterior extremity of the
terminal abdominal segment.
A single specimen, a female, was collected by Messrs. Palmer and
Riley in Cuba at Nueva Verona, Isla de Pinos, July 10, 1900.
Type.-—Cat. No. 25694, U.S.N.M.
This species differs from the type and only species of the genus
Pseudarmadillo carinulatus Saussure,’ in the presence of two longi-
tudinal rows of long stout spines on the thorax,
a row on either side of the median line half-
way between that and the lateral margin, while
in the description of 2. carinulatus only two
tubercles (not spines) are mentioned as being
present on the thorax, the last thoracic seg- Fis. 4—Axpomen anv vroro-
ment alone being armed with two large tri- Se caabag ane so
angularly shaped (triquétres) tubercles; in the absence of the longi-
tudinal carine, mentioned in the description of ?. carinulutus as being
present on the lateral parts of the thoracic segments and the third
abdominal segment; in the presence of a large spine on the fifth
abdominal segment in the median line, which is represented in 7. car/-
nulatus by a strong tubercle, and in the presence of eyes, which are
wholly wanting in 2. carinulatus.
Named for Dr. Theodore Gill, the eminent naturalist.
'Mém. de la Soe. de Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle de Genéye, XIV, 1858, p.
483-485, pl. v, fig. 45
A REVIEW OF THE CHATODONTIDA AND RELATED
FAMILIES OF FISHES FOUND IN THE WATERS OF
JAPAN.
By Davin Srarr Jorpan and Henry W. Fow ter,
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
In the present paper an account is given of the Japanese fishes
belonging to the Chetodontidx and to the more or less closely related
families of Zeide, Antigoniide, Platacide, Acanthuride, and Sigani-
dx. The account is based on material collected in 1900 by Jordan and
Snyder under the auspices of the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory of Stan-
ford University, in connection with the series in the United States
National Museum, and some specimens collected by the U.S. Fish
Commission steamer A/batross.
The families included in this paper may be thus distinguished:
a. Ventral rays, I, 6 to I, 8; scales minute or wanting; pubic bone short; post-
temporal firmly attached to the skull.
DOPE eT ina lianas tala OM eee oe sac ee ye Sr LE ee hen is Hake ZEID®, I.
b. Teeth very small, not brush-like nor united; gill-membranes separate, free
from isthmus; pelvis very long; scales ctenoid .........--. ANTIGONUD, II.
bb. Teeth elongate, brush-like or incisor-like; gill-membranes united to the broad
scaly isthmus; soft scaly fins.
c. Post-temporal bifureate or trifurcate, not united with the skull; teeth slen-
der, hardly brush-like; maxillary distinct; dorsal spines not separated
from the soft rays; body very deep; soft dorsal, anal, and ventrals much
Clevatedae sees eeee ti ek meet a ae WN Rotel oleae ian eal PLATACID®, III].
cc. Post-temporal apparently simple, firmly united to the skull; dorsal fin
continuous.
d. Teeth brush-like, setiform, thick-set; post-temporal with a foramen
which is usually fully perforate; carnivorous fishes with the intestinal
canal short; the caudal peduncle unarmed and the pubie bone not
greatly developed; maxillary distinct.
emocalestwelltdevelopedia-e a. = mises ssi eee eee CH.ETODONTID.H, LV.
ee. Scales reduced to minute asperities; some of the dorsal spines. fila-
TNT TNG OU Ss ates ee eee eee herent ee Set RY Cee ZANCLIDA, V.
dd. Teeth incisor-like, in a single series; post-temporal with a foramen
which does not pass through the bone; scales minute, rough; herbiy-
orous fishes with the intestinal canal elongate; the caudal peduncle
usually armed with spines or tubercles; maxillary and premaxillary
immovably united; post-temporal united with skull; pubic bones very
long, bent, firmly attached to each other .......__-. ACANTHURID®, VI.
aca. Ventral rays, I, 3, I; anal spines, seven; dorsal spines thirteen; scales
minute; cycloid;. teeth incisor-likes. --< <<. o-ccscce~ ones siganipm, VII.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXV—No. 1296.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——83 513
514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
Co ae
Family I. ZEID.
JOHN DORIES.
Body short, deep, much compressed and elevated, naked or covered
with minute, smooth scales, or with bony protuberances. Mouth
large, terminal, the upper jaw prot ‘actile. Teeth small, in narrow
bands or single series on the jaws and yomer, and sometimes on the
palatines. Eyes lateral, placed high; opercle much reduced; some
of the bones of head usually with spines; preopercle not serrate.
Post-temporal very firmly attached to the skull; lower limb adnate for
its whole length; the distal end only of its upper limb is attached.
The supra-clavicle short and trianglar, bearing a short spine near its
anterior angle, its posterior edge divided into three spines, two or
three of which stand out above the surface of the skin. Ventral edge
often serrate, with strong bony plates. Lateral line well developed,
concurrent with the back. Branchiostegals, 7 or 8. Gill-openings
wide. the membranes little united, free from the isthmus. . Pseudo-
branchie large. Air bladder large. Gill rakers usually short; gills
4, no slit behind the fourth. Dorsal fin emarginate or divided, the
anterior part with spines, which are often strong, the posterior part
longer, its highest rays behind the middle; soft anal entirely similar
to soft dorsal, usually preceded by 1 to 4 spines, which are not gradu-
ated and which often form a separate fin; pubic bone short; ventral
fins thoracic, well developed, their rays usually I, 6 to I, 8; pectorals
small: caudal fin rounded, on a moderate peduncle. Late ‘al line
obscure, unarmed. Pyloric ceca exceedingly numerous. Vertebree
about 82 (Zeus). Fishes of singular appearance, inhabiting warm seas,
often at considerable depth. The species undergo great changes in
the course of development. The ** John Dory” (Zeus faber) is a well-
known food-fish of southern Europe. The increased number of
ventral rays and the armature of the belly in this family suggest
relationship with the Berycoids; the adnate post-temporal suggests the -
Chetodonts. We follow Mr. Starks in associating the Zezdw with the
Cheetodonts, removing them from all association with the Scombroid
forms, to which they bear only the most superticial resemblance. The
actual place of Zevs in the system is still uncertain, but it should not
be separated far either from the Berycoids or the Cheetodonts.
a. Dorsal spines very strong, sometimes filamentous; anal spines 3 or 4. Bony
spinous plates present along bases of vertical fins, and between ventrals and
anal.
b. Anal spines 3; both dorsals with strong bony spinous plates at base; ventral
rays 1, 6, or L752 222-32 -<- - sore ee = eae Zenopsis, 1.
bb. Anal spines 4; no plates at base of spinous dorsal; scales evident... Zeus, 2.
bbb. Anal spines 2, the first strong, immovable; bony plates very small; scales
obsolete 22222 222 3 ee ee eee Cyttopsis, 3.
n
nm
~
>
~
no.129%. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 5)
1 ZENO SiSeGali:
Zenopsis Grit, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 126 (nebulosus).
Body ovate, much compressed, without scales and without warts or
humps in the adult. Head deeper than long, its anterior profile steep.
Mouth rather large, upper jaw protractile; teeth small on jaws and
vomer, none on the palatines. Various bones of the head and shoul-
der girdle armed with spines. Series of bony plates along the sides
of the belly and the bases of both dorsal and anal, each plate armed
with a strong spine with radiating strie at the base. Gill rakers short.
Dorsal spines very strong, usually 10 in number, some of them fila-
mentous; anal spines 3; ventral fins long, the rays I, 6, or I, 7.
Caudal peduncle slender, the fin not forked. This genus differs from
Zeus mainly in the presence of 3 anal spines instead of 4, and in the
greater development of the spinous armature.
(Znv, a poetic form of Zevs, Jupiter; Oyis, appearance.)
1. ZENOPSIS NEBULOSA (Schlegel).
KAGAMIDAI (MIRROR TAI OR PERCH).
Zeus nebulosus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 123, pl. uxvi; Naga-
saki.—GinrHer, Cat. Fish, I, 1860, p. 395; Japan.—SrempacHNer and
D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, TV, 1884, p. 14; Tokyo.—Nysrrom, Svensk.
Ak. Handl., 1887, p. 32; Nagasaki.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 48;
Tokyo.—Jorpawn and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359; Tokyo.
Head 23; depth12. D. TX or 10-27; A. III-25; P. 12; V.1-6. Body
short, deep, compressed and elevated. No scales; the skin naked and
smooth; 12 to 14 bony bucklers along the base of the dorsal fin on each
side, each armed with a short curved spine, which is directed outward
and backward, and marked with radiating ridges; along the abdominal
ridge of the body from the gill-opening are a series of bony bucklers
on each side, which are 3 before ventrals, 8 between the latter and
anal, and 7 or 8 along the base of the anal; the dorsal bucklers are
smallest at base of spinous dorsal, becoming enlarged at the middle of
the soft dorsal; the bucklers before ventral are very small, the middle
ones between the base of the ventral and anal and along the base of the
latter the largest. Head long, deep, and obliquely quadrangular, the
upper profile concave; snout short; eye moderate, high, 1} to 1% in
snout, 33 to 4 in total length of the head, and 1} to 1% in maxillary;
anterior margin of eye nearer the posterior margin of the opercle than
the tip of the snout; mouth large, deep, obliquely vertical, and with
the mandible protruding; the maxillary broad distally for about three-
fifths to two-thirds the diameter of the eye, and not extending poste-
-viorly below in front of the eye; lips very broad and thin; teeth small
in both jaws and directed inward; nostrils close together, directly in
516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
front of the eye, and the posterior very much larger than the anterior;
above the eye a number of small denticles in a single series on each
side; distal extremities of the articulars produced into two small
spines below; dentaries with two small spines at the symphasis below;
edge of preoperculum very long and oblique and the angle very obtuse
and rounded; top of head with two ridges between the eyes, the inter-
orbital space two-thirds to five-sixths in the eye. Gill-opening very
large, its lower margin at least twice that of the upper; gill rakers
short, stumpy, rounded, and few; no slit behind the fourth gill-arch.
Origin of spinous dorsal behind the eye; the spines thick and
strong, terminating in long, thread-like filaments, and highest ante-
riorly; origin of soft dorsal about over the first anal spine, the fin, like
the soft anal, with the posterior rays the longer; anal spines graduated
from the first, which is the largest and only a little longer than the
eye; pectoral a trifle in advance of the base of the first dorsal spine,
about equal to the snout, and with its upper rays the longer; ventrals
a little in front of the middle of the eye, 1} to 1 in body, the middle
rays the longest and the innermost the shortest; caudal short, the edge
convex. and 2 to 24 in the ventrals. Lateral line much arched in
front, descending to the sides posteriorly and then running straight.
Caudal peduncle very narrow and compressed, from one-half to three-
fifths the eye. Color in alcohol, silvery brown, dark on back and
upper part of head, inclining to silver white below; filaments of
spinous dorsal brownish black, blotches on the membranes above dark
brown: ventrals, dark brownish, becoming darker distally, the outer
portion blackish and with 5 dark blackish cross-bands; caudal with
the outer portion with a dusky blotch; body marked with a number of
large brownish spots or blotches on the sides, which are most distinct
in the smaller examples; in all the specimens traces on sides behind
gill-openings of a blackish, ocellated spot; caudal peduncle dark above
and 2 dark spots at the base of the side in the 2 small examples.
Here described from Misaki specimens; the largest collected by Pro-
fessor Otaki measures 444 inches.
This species is rare on the coast of Japan, being found in rather
deep water. We have two specimens, one from Tokyo, the other from
Misaki.
(nebulosus, clouded.)
SZ EO Sele rmmsSinss
Zeus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 187 (faber; includes Selene, Alectis,
Zeus, Capros).
Body ovate, much compressed, covered with small rudimentary |
scales. Head deeper than long, its profile steep. Mouth large, the
upper jaw protractile; small teeth on jaws and vomer, none on pala- |
tines; preopercle unarmed; a series of spinous plates between ventrals |
no.129%. SAPANESE CHETODONTID —. JORD: AN AND FOWLER. Pte
and a a series ee peor plates alone base of eaee dorsal and anal,
none along spinous dorsal; each plate armed with a pair of spines.
Gill rakers short. Dorsal ae separate, near together; dorsal spines
high and strong, some of them filamentous; anal spines 4; ventral rays
1, 7. Species rather few, fishes of remarkable appearance, all of the
Old World, and all marked by a round black spot in the middle of the
side.
(Zevs, Jupiter, the common John Dory having been called ‘ Pisc/s
Jovi.)
2. ZEUS JAPONICUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.
KANETATAKI (GONG RINGER); MATODAI (TARGET PERCH); MATOUWO
(TARGET FISH).
Poisson & Miroir du Japon Tixesivs, Krusensterns’ Reise, Atlas, about 1809,
pl. u1, fig. 1; Japan.
Zeus japonicus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 24 (ona
Japanese drawing).—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 123, pl.
txv1 A.; Nagasaki (Zeus faber japonicus on plate).—BLEEKER, Verh. Bat.
Gen., XX VI, 1857, Japan, p. 165.—Nysrrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl., 1887,
p. 32; Nagasaki.—IsHixawa, Prel. Cat. 1897, p. 48; Tokyo, Boshu, Nagasaki.—
STEINDACHNER, Reise Aurora, 1898, p. 211; Kobe.—JorpaN and Snyper,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 359; Tokyo.
Head 23; depth 2. D. X-23, A. IV-22, P. 14, V. 7; scales
15-110-80. Body compressed, deep, and spn with small cycloid
scales; no bucklers along the base of the spinous dorsal; along the
base of the soft dorsal 7 bony bucklers, and all but the first with 2
short, strong, thorn-like spines, the inner the larger, compressed in
front or above, directed backward, and the outer short, directed
backward, outward, or slightly forward; 6 similar spines along the
base of the anal on each side; along the abdominal ridge of the body,
from the gill-opening, are a series of bony bucklers on each side, which
are 6 before the ventrals and 3 more in the middle between each series,
8 between the latter and the anal; all the bucklers smooth without
radiating ridges, and, except those along the soft dorsal and anal, with
asingle low, short spine directed backward. Head long, deep, greatly
compressed, the upper profile convex; snout a little over 2 in the head;
eye rather small, 2+ in snout, 43 in head, and 2? in maxillary; anterior
margin of eye nearer the tip of the snout fan the posterior margin
of the opercle; mouth large, deep, obliquely vertical, and with the
mandible protruding; the maxillary broad distally, equal to three-
fourths the eye, and extending posteriorly below the posterior nostril;
lips very broad and thin; teeth small in the jaws and directed inward;
nostrils close together and directly in front of the eye, the posterior
very much larger than the anterior; 2 spines behind the eye and above
its center, but the top of the head smooth and without any spines
over the eyes; distal extremities of the articulars produced into 2 small
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
spines below; quadrate with a small spine below and behind the end
of the maxillary; dentaries with 2 small spines at the symphysis
below; edge of the preoperculum very long and oblique, the angle
exceedingly obtuse and rounded; top of the head with 2 ridges
between the eyes, the interorbital space two-thirds of the eye. Gill-
opening very large, its lower margin three times that of the upper;
gill rakers short, stumpy, and rounded, 5+-8; no slit behind the fourth
gill-arch.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little before the posterior margin of the
operculum, the spines thick, strong, and elongated, terminating in
long, thread-like filaments, and with their bases on each side, except
the first and last two, with a single short spine projecting backward;
the spinous dorsal high anteriorly; soft dorsal and anal gradually
becoming higher posteriorly, the origin of the former behind that of
the latter and the origin of the latter under the sixth dorsal spine; anal
spines, except the first, with basal spines like those on the spinous
dorsal; the first anal spine shorter than the second, which is the longest,
and 3 in the head, and the others both still shorter, the last being the
shortest; pectoral rather short, in advance of the spinous dorsal, but
posterior to the posterior margin of the eye, rounded, and with its
upper rays the longer; ventrals long, expanded, below the posterior
part of the eye, the spine more than half the length of the fin and the
innermost ray the shortest; ventrals 12 in head and reaching the base of
the second anal spine; caudal with the margin convex and its length 14
in head. Lateral line very high in front, descending posteriorly to the
sides and then running straight to the base of the caudal. Caudal
peduncle compressed and about equal to the eye. Color in alcohol,
brown, darker above; the spinous dorsal blackish brown, with indis-
tinct darker spots; spinous anal with its lower borders and the ventral
fins blackish; on the sides are about 9 indistinctly defined dark brownish
bars running longitudinally, becoming reticulated somewhat as their
course is interrupted by a large dark ocellus on the sides a short dis-
tance behind the opercles; the lateral ocellus marked with a smaller
and darker ring inside; a dark spot at the base of the caudal; caudal
dusky on the outer border. In small and young examples the spinous
dorsal is more or less distinctly spotted, and there are traces of several -
bands across the caudal. Here described from a large specimen from
Tokyo, which measures 124 inches.
This species is close to the John Dory of Europe (Zeus faber Lin-
neus), differing mainly in the reduced number of bony plates. In
color and habit the two species are very similar. The species is a
common inhabitant of the bays of southern Japan, being taken in
shallow water at almost every haul of the net.
Our specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Kobe, Hiroshima, Tsuruga,
and Nagasaki.
No.1296. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. og
3), (ON EALIMOUS SHS) (Gaulle
Cyttopsis Giti, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 126 (roseuws); no description.
Body ovate, much compressed, with rudimentary scales; mouth
rather small, the upper jaws extremely protractile; teeth small on
jaws and vomer; preopercle entire; supraorbital ridges serrated; gill
rakers very short; dorsal spines strong, not filamentous; ventral rays
I, 7. Anal with two short spines more or less coalescent into a knife-
like spine; knife-like spines on the median line between ventral fins
and vent; spinous scales at base of soft dorsal and anal very small
or obsolete, not shield-like, about one for each ray, none at base of
spinous dorsal. Silvery fishes of the open seas, differing from Zeus
in the absence of bony plates, and from Cyttus in having knite-like
spines between ventrals and anal.
(cyttus, KUTTOs name of an unknown fish; O7¢bzs, appearance.)
3. CYTTOPSIS ITEA Jordan and Fowler, new species.
plead. | 2s); depth |2t|2- Ds VIE 30s A. -Ie 30;-P) 14;°V. 1, 9s
scales 82. Body deep, compressed, and covered with small cycloid
scales; a series of bony tubercles forming a ridge or keel, and covered
with thin skin, along the bases of the soft dorsal and anal, and about
equal in number to the fin rays; along the abdomen, from the gill-
opening to the anus, a single series of bucklers, 7 in number, the last
three being very large, and each with a single backwardly directed
spine; region between and in front of the ventrals flattened and broad,
anteriorly forming an angle just behind the gill-opening, which is
furnished with several small denticles; all the bucklers are smooth
and without strizx. Head deep, the upper profile of the snout and
space between the eyes and origin of the dorsal concave; eye very
large and high in the head [2 in the snout, 1? in maxillary, and 33 in
the head]; mouth large and deep, the maxillary broad distally, equal
to one-half the eye; lips very broad and thin, the width of the upper
equal to the width of the maxillary; teeth small, fine, and in broad
bands in the jaws, those above very broad; nostrils close together,
superior and directly in front of the eye, the anterior rounded and the
posterior a slit twice as long; above the eyes a series of anteriorly
directed small denticles on each side of the head; top of the head with
some of the bones striated and covered with thin skin; dentaries with
2 small spines at the symphysis below; edge of the preopercle very
long and oblique, the angle exceedingly obtuse and rounded; inter-
orbital space concave and equal to one-half the eye. Gill-opening very
large; branchiostegal rays, 7; gill rakers short and stumpy, 11 in
number; no slit behind the fourth gill arch.
Origin of the spinous dorsal behind the gill-opening, the spines
1'The brackets indicate that such measurements, etc., as are given are not satistac-
tory, owing to the distorted snout of this specimen.
520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
thick, short, strong, sharp, not terminating in filaments; third and
fourth dorsal spines the longest and a little greater than the eye; first
dorsal spine alittle shorter than the fifth; anal witha single, compressed,
short, tooth-like spine hooked backward and falling behind the origin
of the soft dorsal; soft dorsal and anal similar, the anterior rays
graduated to behind the middle of the fin, where it is highest; pectorals
before the spinous dorsal, directly behind the gill-opening, and about
equal to the eye; ventrals a trifle before pectorals, long, expanded, a
little larger than the base of the soft dorsal, and with a very short spine
at their bases; caudal damaged, short, about 14 times larger than the
eye, and its base edged above and below with 3 short, sharp spines.
Lateral line strongly arched in front and descending obliquely behind
Fic. 1.—CYTTOPSIS ITEA.
at the caudal peduncle and then running straight to the base of the
raudal, Caudal peduncle very narrow and somewhat thick and com-
pressed, and a little less than the maxillary. Color in alcohol, brown
above, silvery below, and all the fins except the ventrals plain; ventrals,
with their outer halves of the membranes of the fin, brownish black,
the rays being pale; on the outer parts of the membranes of the
spinous dorsal some dark brownish black. [Total length, 64 inches. |'
Here described from an example dredged by the U. 8. Fish Com-
mission steamer A/batvoss in Suruga Bay. It is numbered 50562 in the
United States National Museum.
(iréa, a target.)
'The brackets indicate that such measurements, ete., as are given are not satisfac-
tory, owing to the distorted snout of this specimen.
on
bo
no.1296.° JAPANESE CHA TODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER.
Family Il. ANTIGONIID.*
BOARFISHES.
Body compressed and elevated, covered with small, ctenoid scales;
sides of head scaly; preorbital and preopercle more or less serrate or
armed; opercle small; gills normal; gill-membranes separate, free
from isthmus; top of head bony; premaxillaries very protractile, the
posterior process very long; mouth moderate, the lower jaw project-
ing; the teeth very small; lateral line not extending on caudal; dorsal
fin long, the stout spines separated from the soft rays by a deep notch;
dorsal spines not graduated; anal fin with three spines separated by a
notch from the soft rays, the first spine longest; soft part of anal as
long as soft dorsal; ventrals I, 5, the spine strong, inserted below pec-
torals; caudal fin rounded, on a moderate peduncle. Upper limb of
the post-temporal widened at its distal end, which affords a very firm
attachment; the lower limb short and thick. 'The supraclavicle long
and slender, its posterior edge sharply serrate, the serrations stand-
ing out above the surface of the skin. Vertebre in normal number,
10+13=23 (tn Capros). Species few, arranged in 2 genera, living in
rather deep water. Capros aper, the Boartish, superficially resembles
the John Dory, Zeus faber, and is common on the coasts of southern
Europe. This family, like the preceding, is of doubtful affinities. It
is only remotely allied to the Ze/dx, and it has no relationship to the
Carangide or other Scombroid forms. Antigonia bears much super-
ficial resemblance to the Aphippidex, a resemblance doubtless arising
from real affinity, as is shown by the form and attachment of the
post-temporal. An extinct genus, Proantigonia, is said to connect
Antigonia with Capros.
a, Lateral line complete. Body deeper than long, covered with rough scales.
b. Teeth slender, in jaws only; anal spines strong. .------..-.-----4 Antigonia, 4.
4, ANTIGONIA Lowe.
Antigonia Low®, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1848, p. 85 (capros).
Caprophonus MtLLER and TroscHEt, Hore Ichthyologice, IIT, 1845, p. 28 (aurora).
Hypsinotus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 84, pl. xuit, fig. 2
(rubescens).
Body very deep, the depth much greater than the length of body,
which is excessively compressed and covered with moderate-sized,
firm, rough ctenoid scales; profile from nape to dorsal very steep and
nearly straight. Surface of head above with rough bony striz; pre-
opercle and suborbital bones armed with slender antrorse spines;
'We use the name Antigoniidx in preference to Capridx, as Capridx, derived from
Capra, is applied to the family of Goats. Caproide used by Gill seems hardly
admissible.
~
529 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
mouth small, its cleft nearly vertical; premaxillary with a very long
process, so that it is extremely protractile, perhaps less so than in
Cupros; lower jaw projecting; upper jaw somewhat protractile; max-
illary broad, scaly; small, very slender teeth on jaws in one row, none
on palate; chin rough; preopercle with rough strizw, becoming antrorse
spines below, cheeks deep, covered with rough scales; opercle short,
sealy. Branchiostegals 6; gill-membranes separate, free from isthmus.
Lateral line concurrent with the back. Fin spines stiff and strong.
Dorsals united, the third spine stout and elevated, the sixth or last
spine shortest, lower than the soft rays; the fin is thus distinctly
notched. Soft dorsal and anal similar, long and low, none of the rays
produced; anal spines 3, joined to the fin, the first longest. Base of
dorsal and anal with a sheath of small, rough scales extending on the
fin spines and slightly on the rays, not on the membranes; caudal
peduncle short and deep, deeper than long; caudal short, squarely
truncate; ventrals strong, of moderate length, at lowest point of ven-
tral outline, well behind pectorals and directly below spinous dorsal,
which is at its highest point of dorsal outline; ventral spine large,
roughened anteriorly; pectorals moderate, not falcate. Species few,
in waters of moderate depth.
( Artiyovera, a city founded by Antigonus, the allusion not evi-
dent.)
a. Dorsal rays VIII, 36; anal III, 33; snout very short ..-..-.--- steindachneri, 4.
aa. Dorsal rays IX, 27; anal ITI, 26; snout more produced ....---.-- rubescens, 5.
4. ANTIGONIA STEINDACHNERI Jordan and Evermann, MS., new species.
HISHIDAI (DIAMOND TAI); YOKODAI (CROSSWISE TAT).
? Antigonia capros Lows, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 85; Madeira.
? Caprophonus aurora MGLLER and TroscHEeL, Hore Ichthyologice, III, 1845, p.
28, pl. v, fig. 1; Barbados.
Antigonia caupros STEINDACHNER and D6pERLEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 10,
fig. 5; Tokyo, not of Lowe.—Isurxawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 41; Tokyo.
Head 3; depth (greater with age and always more than the length of
the body) exceeds the length of the body by half an eye diameter.
D. VilI-36: A. I-33: P. 1,13; V. 1, 5; seales 15-59-41 Body
covered with rough ctenoid scales, very deep and elevated, the back
forming a sharp angle at an equal distance from the tip of the snout
and the caudal peduncle in front, the apex forming the origin of the
spinous dorsal; below the profile of the body is hemispherical. Head
deep, the upper profile convex from the tip of the snout and then
becoming concave over the eye in front; snout two-thirds the eye and
equal to the interorbital space; eye large in the upper part of the head
and 24 in its length; maxillary-short, broad, the width equal to one-
third the eye, the length 4 in the head, not extending to the lower
margin and not reaching the anterior margin of the eye; preorbital
;
eo Ver ae
no.1296. JAPANESE CH ETODONTIDAZ—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 523
edge denticulate; mouth small, vertical, and with small teeth in each
jaw; nostrils high, directly in front and level with the upper part of
the eye, and close together; 5 rows of scales on the cheeks, and opercles
with scales; each articular with 2 small denticles; head roughened and
striated above and on the preoperculum, which is rounded and den-
ticulate below. Gill-opening rounded, large, beginning about level
with the middle of the eye; gill rakers about half as long as the gill-
filaments and in moderate number; a small slit behind the fourth
gill-arch.
First and second dorsal spines very short, the third the largest,
equal to the eye and snout, then the others are graduated to the last,
which is longer than the first and second; soft dorsal and soft anal
similar, low and highest in front; origin of spinous anal below that of
the spinous dorsal, graduated from the first spine, which is equal to
the eye; pectorals in the lower third of the body, behind the gill-
opening and with the upper longest rays three times the length of the
inner; ventrals with a strong spine equal to the third dorsal spine,
though the longest fin rays are still longer; caudal truncate with
angular corners and a little longer than the third dorsal spine.
Lateral line arched in front, then descending obliquely to the sides of
the caudal peduncle and running straight to the base of the caudal.
Color in alcohol pale brown, with traces of a dark streak from the
beginning of the lateral line on the sides of the body backwards; mem-
branes of ventral fins marked with brownish. Total length, 61} inches.
Here described from a specimen from Kailua, island of Hawaii. Color
in life salmon-pink, nape, back of head, and down ventrals deeper red,
behind the bar from dorsal to ventral a paler shade; iris red; fins pale
crimson, the caudal paler, with darker red tip. .
This species is rather common in deep water about the Hawaiian
Islands, specimens having been taken by Jordan and Evermann at
Hilo, Kailua, and Honolulu. It has been once recorded from Japan
and very well figured by Dr. Steindachner, who identified it with An¢7-
gonia capros of the West Indies and Madeira. The two species are
closely related, but apparently distinct. Antigonia rubescens is a very
different fish from A. capros, as is also the Australian Antigonia
milleri.
(Named for Dr. Franz Steindachner. )
5. ANTIGONIA RUBESCENS (Giinther).
BENIHATATATE (RED FLAG RAISER).
Hypsinotus (?) SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 84, pl. xu, fig. 2; Nagasaki.
Hypsinotus rubescens GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., I], 1860, p. 63, copied.—GinrHer,
Shore Fishes of the Challenger, 1880, p. 44; Manado, Ki Islands, Japan
(confused with A. steindachneri).
Hypsinotus benhatatate BLEEKER, Poiss. Connues du Japon, 1879, p. 9 (name
only).
a
594 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Head 2%; depth (greater in young) less than half the length of the
body by # the diameter of the eye. D. IX-26 to 28; A. I-26; P.
1-12; V. 1-5; scales 14-60-40. Body covered with rough ctenoid
scales, very deep and elevated, the back forming a sharp angle nearer
the caudal peduncle than the tip of the snout, and the apex forming
the origin of the spinous dorsal; below with the profile rounded and
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Fic. 2.—ANTIGONIA RUBESCENS.
somewhat produced in the region of the spinous anal. Head deep,
very concave above, the supra-occipital process forming a lump; snout
equal to the eye, greater than the interorbital space; eye large, in the
middle of the length of the head, in which it is contained 3 times; max-
illary short, not very broad, not as far posterior as the anterior nos-
tril, the width equal to one-third the eye, the length 4 in the head,
no.1296. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 52D
and extending below the lower margin of the eye; preorbital edge
denticulate; mouth small, nearly vertical and with small teeth in each
jaw; nostrils high, directly in front and level with the upper part of
the eyes, and close together; 6 rows of scales on the cheeks, and oper-
cles with scales; articulars with denticles; head roughened and striated
above, and on operculum which is rounded and denticulate below.
Gill-opening rounded, large, beginning about level with the eye; gill
rakers short, mostly less than half the lengthof the gill-filaments and in
moderate number; a small slit behind the fourth gill-arch.
First and second dorsal spines very short, the third the longest,
equal to the head, then the others graduated to the last, which is
larger than the first and second; soft dorsal and soft anal similar, low
and highest in front; origin of anal behind that of the soft dorsal,
graduated from the first spine, which is longer than the eye; pectorals
in the lower third of the body behind the gill-opening and with the
longest upper rays three times the length of the inner; ventrals with a
strong spine 1 in the third dorsal spine, and the longest fin rays extend-
ing little beyond its tip; caudal truncate, with angular corners, and 14
in the third dorsal spine. Lateral line arched in front, then descending
obliquely to the sides of the caudal peduncle and running straight to
the base of the caudal. Color in alcohol pale brown, with a dark
streak from some distance below the origin of the spinous dorsal to
the caudal peduncle and a similar one from near the spinous anal to
the base of the caudal peduncle below. Total length 64 inches. Here
described from specimens dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross at Stations 3717 and 3730, in Totomi Bay.
In young specimens the body is as deep as long without the caudal,
and in an example 25 inches long from the Imperial Museum, taken
at Misaki, the depth of the body exceeds its length.
This species is found in abundance in the deeper parts of the Japa-
nese bays. Our numerous specimens were dredged by the U. 8. Fish
Commission steamer A/batross in Suruga Bay at Station 3707, at Sta-
tion 3730, 34 fathoms, and at Station 3715 in 64 fathoms; in Totomi
Bay, Stations 3734 and 3729 (34 fathoms). Another, taken at Misaki,
was presented to us by Professor Mitsukuri. The fish is orange-
scarlet in life, somewhat paleranteriorly. The species differs in many
regards from Antigonia capros and A. ste¢ndachner’, notably in the
much smaller number of dorsal and anal rays. Giinther, Steindach-
ner, and most recent writers have confounded the two, Antigonia
rubescens having remained unknown since the time of Schlegel.
(rubescens, turning red.)
Faminty Ill. PLATACID®.
Body compressed, greatly elevated, the anterior profile steep, the
caudal peduncle short. Scales small, ctenoid, densely covering the
soft parts of the vertical fins; lateral line present, following the curve
5296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
of the back. Mouth small, terminal, horizontal; premaxillaries
slightly protractile; maxillary short, without supplemental bone, jaws
with bands of slender, pointed, movable, brush-like teeth; nostrils
double; preopercle entire; gill-membranes broadly attached to the
broad scaly isthmus, the openings restricted to sides; branchiostegals
6 or 7; pyloric ceca few; gill rakers very short; pseudobranchize
present. Dorsal fin continuous, 5 or 6 spines graduated and closely
attached to the soft rays; soft dorsal and anal fins anteriorly high,
their bases thickened by the scales; anal spines 3, graduated; caudal
fin truncate; pectorals short, the rays all branched; ventrals thoracic,
I, 5, usually elongate but sometimes rudimentary; a large accessory
scale as in the Sparidx, air bladder large. Vertebre 10+ 14 = 24.
Post-temporal probably bifurcate and not solidly joined to the skull.
A small group of fishes of the Asiatic seas related to the Chetodon-
tide but showing differences in the skeleton. We here include with
the Patacide the genus Monodactylus (= Psettus Cuvier), which has
the general characters of the /7atactde, but the ventrals are rudimen-
tary. The body is still deeper than in Platax.
5. PREATASXS Cumier:
Platax Cuvirr, Regne Animal, Ist ed., I, 1817, p. 334 (tetra).
Characters of the genus included above; the ventral fins well devel-
oped, the rays I, 5.
/
(zXatvs, broad.)
a. Dorsal with 28 to 34 soft rays; anal with 24 to 28; anterior profile rather evenly
curved, without angle; 35 to 45 scales between first dorsal spine and lateral
line; dorsal spines 5; teeth on the yvomer in young individuals only - - -teira, 6.
6. PLATAX TEIRA (Forskal).
TSUBAMEUWO (SWALLOW FISH); TSUBAKURODAI (SWALLOW PERCH
OR TAI).
Chetodon teira ForsHaAt, Descript. Animal, 1775, p. 60; Lohaje.
Chetodon teira Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., 1817, p. 8354.—Cuvier and VALEN-
CIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 226; Malabar.—Canror, Malayan Fish,
1850, p. 168.—GinrHeEr, Cat. Fish., I], 1860, p. 492; Moluccas, Borneo,
Ceram, China, Pinang.—Kwnerr, Novara Fische, 1866, p. 166.—KLUNZINGER,
Fische Rothen Meeres, 1870, p. 791.—BLeErEKeER, Atlas, Ichth. Chaet., 1877-78,
p. 73, pl. xvu, fig. 2; Sumatra, Batu-Nias, Pinang, Singapore, Bintang, Bangka,
Cocos, Java, Madura, Bewean, Borneo, Celebes, Sumbawa, Timor, Ternate,
Batjan, Ceram, Amboina, Goram, New Guinea.—IsnHrKawa, Prel. Cat., 1897,
p. 41; Riukiu, Bonin Islands, Kagoshima (also No. 749, p. 43; Tokyo).
Chetodon daakar BoNNATERRE, Ichth., p. 81, pl. xev, pl. cccLxxx1x, 1788; Malabar
(after Chetodon teira Bloch).
Cheetodon arthriticus Bett, Philos. Trans., 1793, p. 8, pl. vi; Sumatra.
Platax arthriticus, Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 229;
Java.—Ginruer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 492; Amboyna, Pinang.
Platax albipunctatus Riprevi, Atlas N. A. Fische, 1828, p. 69, pl. xvi, fig. 1;
Red Sea.
or i:
no.1296. JAPANESE CH ATODONTID A—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 5
bo
~I
Platax gamardi Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 216; New
Guinea.
Platax leschenaldi Cuvier and VALENCIENNES Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 223;
Pondicherry, New Guinea.
Platax punctulatus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 228;
Timor.
Platax vespertilio japonicus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 83, pl. xin;
Nagasaki.
Platax xanthopus BLEEKER, Verh. Bat. Gen., X XIII, Chaet., 1850, p. 28; Batavia,
Java.—GtNTHER, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 490.
Platax boersi BLEEKER, Derde Bijtr. Celebes, III, 1852, p. 758; Macassar, Celebes.—
Gitntruer, Cat. Fish., I], 1860, p. 490.
Platax anagou Monrrousisr, Fauna Woodlark, 1857, p. 170; Woodlark Island.
Platax teira JORDAN and.EvEeRMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, 1902, p. 356;
Formosa.
Head 3; depth greater than the length by the depth of the caudal
peduncle. D. V—32; A. III-26; P. I-16; V. I-7; scales 28-75-46.
Body very deep and compressed, very much elevated both above and
below, and covered with small ctenoid scales which extend over the
bases of the vertical fins where they become reduced in size and very
numerous. Head deep, its anterior profile very steep; snout hardly
projecting, straight; eyes high, 14 in snout, 34 in head and 1! in inter-
orbital space; mouth small, the maxillary not reaching beyond the
posterior nostril, its distal extremity as broad as the space between
the anterior and posterior nostrils, which is two-fifths the eye; teeth
in jaws slender, compressed, the edges notched or denticulate, and in
bands; seales on the cheeks very small; nostrils about equal, the ante-
rior pair level with the middle of the eye and the posterior pair above
but directly in front of the margin of the eye; interorbital space con-
vex. Origin cf the dorsal in front of that of the anal, the spines
graduated to the last which is the longest and joined to the soft dor-
sal; soft dorsal exceedingly long, the anterior rays from the first grad-
uated to the last and higher than the depth of the body; anal spines
graduated and joined to the soft anal which is similar to the soft dor-
sal except that it is lower; pectoral short, 14 in the head, below the
gill-opening and behind the ventrals; ventrals under the posterior part
of the eye, very long, extending posteriorly to the base of the caudal;
caudal broad. Lateral line slightly arched to the base of the caudal.
Caudal peduncle compressed, and 13 in the pectoral. Length without
the caudal 52 inches. Here described from a young dried example
from Miyako.
Notes on a specimen in the Imperial Museum are as follows:
Head 4; depth 13. D.1V-31 or 32; A. III-23; scales 73, small and
largest on the middle of the sides. Profile nearly verticle, high at the
nape. Preopercle entire; preorbital deep; eye 4 in head; maxillary
3% in head; teeth equal, brush-like and also on the vomer. Gill-
membranes joined to the isthmus. Dorsal spines rudiments along the
front of the dorsal; soft dorsal and anal higher than the length of the
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
head and scaly at base; pectoral short, 14 in the head; ventrals equal
the head; caudal lunate and equal to the head. Color lost. Lateral
line complete. Length 17? inches (450 mm.).
This, the adult form, is well figured by Bleeker, differing from the
young chiefly in the lower fins.
This species, very abundant in the East Indies and along the southern
coasts of China, is taken occasionally in the Kuro Shiwo off the coast
of Japan. Besides a number of specimens from Formosa, we have a
single one, obtained off Miyako in Rikuchu, in Northern Japan, pre-
sented to us by Mitonobu Irako, director of the museum at Morioka.
In the Imperial Museum at Tokyo are specimens from Tokyo, Kago-
shima, the Riukiu, and the Bonin Islands. In the Imperial University
is one from Okinawa and one from Kezen.
According to Bleeker, this species is distinguished from //ataa ves-
pertilio (Bloch) by its smaller scales. In 7/. vespertilio there are 20
to 25 scales between the lateral line and the first dorsal spine. The
dorsal rays in the latter are about V, 36.
(orbicularis, round.)
Famity IV. CHASTODONTID 2.
BUTTERFLY-FISHES.
Body strongly compressed, elevated, suborbicular in outline, cov-
ered with moderate-sized or small scales, which are finely ciliated or
nearly smooth; lateral line present, concurrent with the back, not
extending on the caudal fin; mouth small, protractile, terminal; max-
illary very short, irregular in form, divided in two by a longitudinal
suture; upper part of skull solid, occipital crest strong; post-temporal
firmly joined to the skull, its form really trifurcate, though appearing
simple, the interspaces between the forks filled in by bone so that only
a foramen is left; last bone of suborbital ring firmly joined to the pre-
operculum; teeth brush-like or setiform, often extremely long, in
narrow bands in the jaws; no teeth on vomer or palatines; no canines,
molars, or incisors; eyes lateral, of moderate size; branchiostegals 6
or 7; pseudobranchie very large; air bladder present. Gill-mem-
branes more or less attached to the isthmus; gill rakers very small.
Dorsal fin single, continuous, its rays sometimes filamentous, its soft
part as well as the soft part of the anal densely covered with small
scales; anal similar to the soft dorsal with 3 or 4 spines; ventrals
thoracic, I, 5; caudal usually truncate. Vertebre 10+14=24, the
anterior abbreviated; insertion of the ribs inferior; post-temporal
usually reduced, and not bifurcate. Carnivorous fishes of the tropical
seas, noted for their bright colors and great activity. The excessive
quickness of sense and motion enable these fishes to maintain them-
selves in the struggle for existence in the close competition of the
,
PA FG Nao te |
fe
no.1296. = =JAPANESE CH EHTODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 529
coral reefs, notwithstanding their bright colors. The young are very
different from the adult and pass through a stage termed Zholichthys
in which the membranes are greatly developed, forming collars and
sheaths about the head and neck. The Japanese name Chochowwo, or
Butterfly-fish, like the Spanish name J/ariposa, corresponds to our
commonest English designation for these fishes.
Chetodontine:
a. Preopercle unarmed; scales comparatively large (young with the Tholichthys
form).
6. Snout little if at all produced; dorsal spines 10 to 14, not graduated, some of
the middle ones highest; anal spines 3.
c. Dorsal spines, none of them elevated or filiform.
d. Scales large, usually 35 to 50 in the lateral line.
e. Dorsal spines 12 to 14; teeth moderate; dorsal and anal with the base not
SELON VAAMOUA LOSS ao ese eae eee ee ote ee ce Chetodon, 6.
ec. Dorsal spines 8 to 11; teeth very small; dorsal and anal strongly angu-
late at base so that the greater part of the base of each fin is vertical.
Coradion, 7.
dd. Seales rather small, about 60 in the lateral line; dorsal spines 10 or 12.
Microcanthus, 8.
cc. Dorsal fin with the fourth spine much elevated and filiform; scales moderate;
forehead in the adult with bony projections -........---..- Heniochus, 9.
Pomacanthine:
aa. Preopercle armed at its angle with a very strong spine, which is sometimes
grooved.
f. Interopercle short and broad, armed with | to 4 strong spines; preopercle ser-
rate or spinous; dorsal spines about 14, graduated, the last one longest;
scales rather small; isthmus very narrow; vertical limb of preopercle simply
serrate, with 10 to 30 small teeth; body oblong, rather robust.
Holacanthus, 10.
6. CHA TODON (Artedi) Linnzus.
CHOCHOUWO OR BUTTERFLY FISHES.
79
Chetodon ArTED!I, Genera, 1738, p. 51 (numerous species, the first one mentioned
belonging to Pomacanthus; nonbinomial).
Tetragonoptrus KLEIN, Historia Piscium, 1744, p. 37 (many species; striatus, ete. ;
nonbinomial).
Chetodon Linnaus, Systema Nature, 10th ed., 1758, p. 272 (includes all known
Chetodontide ).
Chetodon Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., 1829, p. 189 (striatus, capistratus; first
restriction of the name to the present group).
Rabdophorus Swainson, Class’n Fishes, II, 1839, p. 21 (ephippium; scales on
lower half in nearly horizontal series; scales about 45).
Citharedus Kaur, Wiegmann’s Archiy., XX VI, Pt. I, 1860, p. 141 (meyeri; scales
on lower half of body in horizontal series; scales small, about 50).
Linophora Kaur, Wiegmann’s Archiy., 1860, XX VI, Pt. 1, 1860 (auriga; scales
in series running downward and backward).
Sarothrodus Giut, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 238 (Chetodon Cuvisr, not
ArtTEDI; offered as a substitute for Chetodon, the latter name being trans-
ferred to Pomacanthus).
Tholichthys G@nrHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1868, p. 457 (osseus; larval form).
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——34
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Tetragonoptrus BLEEKER, Rey. Famille Cheetodontoides, 1877, p. 52 (striatus;
scales below in horizontal series; spinous dorsal not more than half longer
than soft).
Chetodontops BuerKer, Rey. Famille Cheetodontoides, 1877, p.53 (scales on lower
parts in ascending series).
Hemichtodon BLBEKER, Rey. Famille Cheetodontoides, 1877, p. 53 (capistratus;
scales b2low running downward and backward, forming an angle with those
above).
Lepidochxtodon BureKker, Rey. Famille Cheetodontoides, 1877, p. 54 (wnimacula-
lus; scales anteriorly much enlarged).
Gonochxtodon BLEEKER, Rey. Famille Cheetodontoides, 1877, p. 54 (triangulum;
body very deep; the base of posterior half of soft dorsal and anal vertical).
Oxychetodon BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth. Cheet., 1877-78, p. 51 (lineolatus; scales very
large, snout pointed ).
Chxtodon JonDAN and GILBERT, Synopsis, 1883, p. 614 (restriction to capistratus).
Anisochxtodon KiuNzINGER, Fische des Rothen Meeres, 1884, p. 54 (auriga).
Body short, deep, very strongly compressed, especially above and
behind; head small, compressed, almost everywhere scaly; mouth
very small, terminal, the jaws provided with long, slender, flexible,
bristle-like teeth; vomer sometimes with teeth; preoperculum entire
or nearly so, without spine. Dorsal fin single, continuous, not notched,
the spinous part longer than the soft part, of 12 or 13 spines, the spines
not graduated, some of the middle ones being longer than the last; last
‘ays of soft dorsal usually rapidly shortened, some of them occasion-
ally filamentous; caudal peduncle short, the caudal fin fan-shaped; anal
similar to soft dorsal, with 3 strong spines. Body covered with rather
large ctenoid scales, somewhat irregular in their arrangement; the
lateral line curved, high, parallel with the back. Gill-openingss rather
narrow, the membranes narrowly joined to the isthmus; branchioste-
gals 6. A very large genus of singular and beautiful fishes, abounding
in the tropical seas, especially about voleanic rocks and coral reefs;
most of them have the body crossed by transverse black bars. They
are all very active, feeding on small animals.
(vairn, bristle; 06 ovs, tooth.)
a. LixopHora: Rows of scales and dark stripes on anterior part of body sloping
downward and forward, meeting posteriorly almost at a right angle with
similar rows and stripes running downward and backward; a black ocular bar;
dorsal rays XII, 23 to XIII, 25; anal rays III, 20 to 25; scales about 45.
b. Dorsal with a soft ray in front produced ina filament; soft dorsal with a black
ocellus . 2 2:2... os Scan See ee ee setifer, 7.
bb. Dorsal without produced soft ray; no dorsal ocellus.....---.-- vagabundus, 8.
aa. Rows of scales of lower part of body horizontal or nearly so; no lines meeting
at a sharp angle; scales about 45.
c. Crxropontops: Rows of scales on lower parts in series ascending behind;
a dark ocular bar, but no crossbar on body; dark streaks on sides,
forked at their tips; no ocellus; ventrals yellow; D. XII, 23; A. III, 20.
collaris, 9.
cc. Rows of scales nearly horizontal, not emphasized by longitudinal streaks.
d. Raspornorus: Ocular region with a distinct crossbar.
e. Anal rays about III, 21; dorsal rays, XII, 25; soft dorsai with a black
ocellus; sides with faint brown crossbars.....---------- modestus, 10.
no.12968. JAPANESE CHETODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 531
ee. Anal rays about III, 17; dorsal rays XII, 20; body ne one plain, its
posterior part. dark mococellus ss. oles... =. ce cec ose nippon, 11.
dd. Ocular region without distinct dark cross-band; whole body black,
mottled with golden; no ocellus; dorsal rays XIII, 22; anal rays
TOD CINCO: age Ss se tens east tae Oe ea es. ee ae dexdalma, 12.
7. CHAZETODON SETIFER Bloch.
Chetodon auriga ForskAu, Descr. Anim., 1775, p. 60; Djedda and Lobaia, Red
Sea.—? Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 79; Massuah.—
? Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 7; Red Sea.—? Kuunzrnacer, Fische des
Rothen Meeres, 1870, p. 775.
Tetragonopterus auriga BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., 1877-78, p. 47, pl. 1, fig. 4; Sumatra,
Java, Bewean, Cocos, Celebes, Flores, Timor, Ceram, Amboyna, ete.
Chetodon setifer Buocn, Ichth., XII, 1797, p. 99, pl. ceccx xvi, fig. 1; Coromandel.—
CuvieR and VALENCIENNEs, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 76; Bolabola.—
GtntuerR, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 6; Ile de France, Amboina, China, Anei-
tum.—GUnTHER, Fische Stidsee, I, 1873, p. 36, pl. xxv1, fig. B.—IsHikawa,
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 53; Miyakoshima.
Chetodon auriga var. setifer Day, Fish. India, I, 1875, p. 106, pl. xxvii, fig. 3; Nico-
bar Islands.
Pomacentrus filamentosus LACEPEDE, Hist Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 511 (after Ch. setifer
Bloch).
2? Chetodon nesogallicus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 63;
Ile de France.—Gitntner, Cat. Fish., 1, 1860, p..10; Amboina.
Chetodon sebanus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 57; Timer,
Guam, Tongo, Ile de France, Java.
Chxtodon lunaris Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 70; India.
Head 2 to 3; depth 14; D. XII or XIII, 23 to: 26; A. IM;
P. 1, 15; V. I, 5; scales 4-44-15. Body short, deep, and strongly
compressed; s scales large on the sides, small on the head, soft dor-
sal and anal, and the base of the caudal. Head small; profile very
steep; snout produced and pointed; eye large, equal to the snout,
and 3 in the head; mouth shorter than the eye, the maxillary not
extending backward as far as its anterior margin; nostrils small,
in front of the eye; teeth curved and projecting in brush-like bands,
in each jaw; interorbital space convexly flattened; gill-opening lone,
the membrane not united, but forming a fold across the isthmus;
gill rakers few, very short and weak; dorsal spines robust and
strong anteriorly, but shorter than the last, which are slender; soft
dorsal forming an angle in the middle, the sixth and seventh spines
produced beyond all the others into a point; first and second anal spines
robust, the first half the length of the second, and the third slender
and about equal to or a trifle longer than the second; soft anal with
the middle rays very long and its edge rounded; pectorals low, as long
as the ventrals and shorter than the head; ventrals pointed, the spine
as long as the last dorsal spine; caudal truncate, the corners sharp.
Lateral line very high and convex, concurrent with the margin of the
dorsal fin, indistinct on the sides of the caudal peduncle. Caudal
peduncle a trifle deeper than the length of the eye.
532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Color in spirits pale-brown, a little darker above; a dark-brown
vertical band through the eye, equal to its width, and margined with
white narrowly in front; 7 or 8 narrow, oblique, dark stripes sloping
forward from the base of the dorsal till they meet on the sides; a
series of 10 similar bands obliquely sloping in the reverse direction;
edge of soft dorsal with a narrow dark-brown margin, below which
and adjoining is a narrow white stripe; a large blackish-brown ocellus
nearly as large as the eye in the upper corner of the soft dorsal
behind the elongated rays; margin of soft anal pale with a narrow
white line, above and adjoining is a narrow dark-brown line; about
the middle of the caudal is a broad white bar, narrowly edged with
brown. Here described from specimens from Okinawa, Riukiu.
Length 4 inches.
This species is very abundant throughout the tropical Pacific Ocean
from the Red Sea to the Hawaiian Islands. We have received 2 speci-
mens from Nafa, in Okinawa, from Yonekichi Koneyama.
Bleeker identifies Chaetodon setifer with Chetodon auriga without
raising any question. But in Chetodon auriga the black dorsal mark-
ing is not a spot, as in setifer, but becomes an ‘‘ oblique cuniform
blackish band from the origin of the soft dorsal to the posterior part
of the anal.” This certainly indicates specific distinction. Chetodon
nesogallicus, also included by Bleeker-under Ch. auriga, has a broad
band across the tail, the soft dorsal and the anal, with a white ring on
the dorsal part. This is probably the young of auriga. The figures
of Bleeker and Day represent Chetodon setifer, not Chetodon auriga.
Cuvier and Valenciennes describe Cheetodon auriga as **a Cheetodon
setifer without ocellus on the dorsal,” a difference which is probably
valid for distinction.
(seta, bristle; ero, to bear.)
8. CHAZ TODON VAGABUNDUS Linneus.
Chetodon vagabundus Lixnnmus, Mus. Adolph Frid., 1754, p. 71; Syst. Nat., 10th
ed., I, 1758, p. 276; India (after Chetodon vestratus, fascia nigra transoculos ).—
CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 50; Ile de France,
Vanicolo, Amboina.—Gitntuer, Cat. Fish., I], 1860, p. 25; Mauritius, Am-
boina.—GitnrueEr, Fische Siidsee, I, 1873, p. 43.—Day, Fish. India, I, 1875,
p. 105, pl. xxvu, fig. 1; Andamans.
Tetragonopterus vagabundus BiEeeKsr, Atl. Ichth. Chiet., 1877-78, p. 49, pl. xvi,
fig. 1; Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Menado, Sumbawa, Timor, Bouro, Ceram,
Amboina, ete.
? Chetodon pictus ForsKAu, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 65; Moka, Red Sea.—GutnrHer,
Cat. Fish., IV, 1860, p. 24; Madras.—Day, Fishes India, I, 1875, p. 105, pl.
xxv, fig. 2; Andamans.
? Chetodon decussatus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 54;
Pondicherry.
Head 29; depth 12;.-D., XU, 95: Asn 20 Roe Velo
scales about 5-45-12. Body short, deep, and strongly compressed;
No.1296. = JAPANESE CHETODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 533
scales very large on the sides and becoming minute on the soft dorsal,
anal and the base of the caudal. Head small, the profile very steep;
snout produced and pointed; eye large, equal to the snout and 2% in
the head; mouth shorter than the eye; the maxillary not reaching
below the posterior nostril; the nostrils very small and in front of the
eye; teeth curvedand projecting in brush-like bands, in each jaw; interor-
bital space. slightly convex; gill-opening long; the membrane not united
but forming a fold across the isthmus; gill rakers few, short and weak;
dorsal spines robust, and strong in front, where they are shorter than
the last, which are long and slender; soft dorsal with the middle rays
the longest and rounded; first and second anal spines robust, the first
a little over half the length of the second, and the third slender and
about equal to the second; middle rays of soft anal produced and the
edge of the fin rounded; pectorals as long as the head; ventrals long,
nearly under the pectorals, and the first soft ray produced into a long
point so that the fin is longer than the pectorals; upper caudal rays
the longest; the edge of the fin obliquely straight. Lateral line high,
very much arched, concurrent with the margin of the dorsal fin, and
descending on the sides of the caudal peduncle to the tail. Caudal
peduncle compressed till its depth is equal to the eye.
Color in spirits pale-brown, darker above; a dark-brown vertical
band through the eye, equal to-its width, and narrowly margined with
white in front; 6 narrow oblique stripes sloping forward from the
base of the dorsal till they meet on the sides a series of 11 similar
bands, obliquely sloping in a reverse direction; edge of the soft dorsal
with a narrow white margin; below this a deep-brown band broadest
at the longest rays, and then below this white to the broad vertical
dark-brown bar, which extends from the upper part of the anterior
soft rays across the fin, the caudal peduncle, and down on the anal;
margin of the anal white with a narrow brown band near the edge;
base of the caudal with a deep-brown crescent. The above description
from a specimen taken in Okinawa, Riukiu, 2;4; inches long.
This species, very abundant in the East Indian Archipelago, and
from the Red Sea to Polynesia, is known as a Japanese fish from a
small specimen taken at Nafa, in Okinawa, by Yonekichi Koneyama, of
Tokyo, and presented by him to the museum of Stanford University.
Dr. Bleeker unites Chetodon pictus (=decussatus) with this species,
stating that the black bands on dorsal and anal are sometimes widened,
covering the whole fin. Our specimen is typical of Cheetodon vaga-
bundus, agreeing with Day’s figure.
(vagabundus, wandering. )
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL <2 i
9. CHAZXTODON COLLARIS Bloch.
CHOCHOUWO, BUTTERFLY-FISH; UCHIWADATI (FAN, PERCH).
Chetodon collaris Buocw, Ichth., 1785, pl. coxyi, fig. 1; Japan.—Cuvier and
VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., 1831, VII, p. 58, (copied, not Chetodon or Tetra-
gonopterus collaris, Bleeker, which is an East Indian species with dusky
ventrals). |
Chetodon aureus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 81, pl. xun, fig. 1;
Nagasaki (not Cheetodon aureus Black).—Ricnarpson, Ichth. China, 1846,
p. 246; Canton.—GiinrHer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 29, copied.—IsHixawa,
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 52; Tokyo, Sagami sea Kagoshima.
Chxtodon Snipe fos and Snyper, Check List, 1900, p. 90 (substitute for
aureus, preoccupied ).
Head 32; depth 12; D. XII, 23; A. III, 20; P. 1, 15; V. 1,55 seales
about 45 (squamation damaged). Body short, deep, and mene com-
nt
= “ ei
ce —
“ee = a
a
a
Y
io“
FIG. 3.—CHETODON COLLARIS.
pressed; scales large on the sides, small on the head, soft dorsal and
anal, and the base of the caudal. Head small, the profile very steep;
snout produced and pointed; eye a little greater than the snout and 3
in the head; mouth small, the maxillary extending to the first nostril;
nostrils small, close together and in front of ite eye; teeth curv ed
and projecting in brush-like bands in each jaw; interorbital space
convex; gill-opening long, the membrane a narrow free fold across
No.1296. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 535
the isthmus; gill rakers few, short and weak; dorsal spines strone,
the middle the longest and the posterior slender but longer than the:
first two; soft dorsal with a blunt angle behind the middle, due to the
greater elongation of the rays; first anal spine short, and with the
second, which is as long as the third, strong and thick, the third
slender; anal fin with an angle behind the middle similar to soft dorsal;
pectoral equal to the head, low in the body; ventral with the first ray
long and pointed and shorter than the pectorals; caudal truncate,
with pointed corners. Lateral line high, arched, and concurrent with
the edge of the dorsal fin, descending on the caudal peduncle to the tail.
Color in spirits pale brown; a broad vertical band through the eye,
blackish brown, margined narrowly in front below the eye and poste-
riorly along its whole length by a broad band of silvery white; ven-
tral fins dark brown, the edges and a narrow band near the edges white;
caudal broadly edged with white; ventral pale yellow in life; pectorals
brown, edged with white; body on sides with about 18 pale olive lon-
gitudinal bands, the width of the pupil of the eye, the upper forking
posteriorly. Total length 542 inches. The above description from a
specimen from Ikune, in Satsuma.
This species is not rare in the warm waters about the headlands
of southern Japan, from Tokyo southward. We have one example
obtained by Professor Mitsukuri at Ikune, in Satsuma.
Its distribution to the southward is uncertain, as it has been confused
with a closely related species, Chetodon pretextatus Cantor (Tetra-
gonopterus or Chetodon collaris of Bleeker, Giinther, and Day), which
is probably also Chetodon reticulatus of Cuvier and Valenciennes.
In Chetodon pretextatus, of which we have specimens from Formosa,
the white stripe before the eye extends upward to the forehead, the
dark streaks on the sides are more oblique and do not fork at the ends,
and the ventrals are darker. Bloch’s figure plainly represents Ch.
collaris, the white stripe before the eye being especially clearly shown.
His specimen is said to be from Japan.
The descriptions of veticulatus and pretextatus do not agree very
well with our Formosan specimens. Perhaps we have three or more
species of the type, perhaps one varying form. In any case col/aris
is the earliest name.
(collaris, having a collar.)
10. CHAZETODON MODESTUS Schlegel.
YAKKODAI (KNAVE TAI? OR PERCH).
Chetodon modestus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 80, pl. x11, fig. 2;
Nagasaki.—Bieeker, Ichth. Fauna Japan, 1853, p. 8; Kaminoseki.—Gutn-
THER, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 10; Japan, China.—SremnpacHNer and DépER-
LEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 283; Enoshima.—Nysrrom, Kong. Vet. Ak.
Handl., 1887, p. 17; Nagasaki.
1 Knave used in the sense of a petty feudal retainer.
or
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV
Chetodon ocellatus Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 68; Indian seas (not
of Bloch).
Head 3; depth 13; .D, XU, 253; A.) Tot Prints Vio ibs seales
about 4-46-14. Body short, deep, and strongly compressed; scales
large on the sides, small on the head, soft dorsal and anal and base of
the caudal. Head small, the profile above oblique, and the snout pro-
duced and pointed; eye a little greater than the snout and 2% in the
head; mouth small, the maxillary to the anterior nostril; nostrils small
and close together, the first one-third the eye from its anterior margin;
teeth curved and projecting in brush-like bands in each jaw; interorbital
space convex; gill-opening long, the membrane a narrow free fold
across the isthmus; dorsal spines about equal from the third, the first
and second shorter and anteriorly more robust, stronger; soft dorsal
with anterior rays longest and with an obtuse angle; ana) spines robust,
the second the longest; soft anal deep and rounded; pectoral shorter
than the head; ventrals with the first ray long and pointed, extending
to the base of the first anal spine; caudal truncate, with sharp edges.
Lateral line high and concurrent with the margin of the dorsal fin, then
descending on the base of the caudal peduncle to the base of the cau-
dal. Caudal peduncle about equal to the eye.
Color in alcohol plain brown, darker above; sides with series of
longitudinal dark lines not forking posteriorly; a blackish brown bar
through the eye and equal in width to its diameter, margined behind
with lighter; a blackish bar along the marginal portion of the soft
dorsal and anal; a black ocellus on the upper part of the soft dorsal;
a blackish bar at the base of the caudal; a brown bar across the base of
the caudal peduncle; ventrals blackish brown; caudal and pectorals
pale; tip of the snout blackish. Length 24% inches.
In smaller specimens there is a broad brownish vertical band on the
anterior part of the back, separated by the white area behind the dark
ocular bar; the light bar extends from before the dorsal vertically
over the opercles to the breast; the dorsal ocellus is broadly bordered
with white, extending downward in front of the band on the caudal
peduncle as an indistinct light band; the posterior half of the caudal
peduncle white; the profile is nearly straight from the tip of the snout
to the origin of the dorsal.
In very young specimens the blackish brown band on the caudal
peduncle extends along the base of the anal fin, and the bar at the
base of the caudal disappears; the snout is convex, and the nuchal
scales are large. Here described from a series of specimens from
Misaki.
This species is not rare in rocky places along the southern coasts of
Japan, and probably the corresponding parts of China. We have
eight young examples from the rock pools about Misaki.
(modestus, modest. )
no.1296. JAPANESE CHA TODONTIDA— JORDAN AND FOWLER.
537
11. CHAZ TODON NIPPON Déoderlein.
SHIRAKODATI (SMALL WHITE PERCH).
Chaetodon nippon DbDERLEIN, Fische Japans, II, 1885, p. 28, pl. iv, fig 2; Tokyo.
lesdes. depths): XO. An ie Wis P. I, 14: V. Leb;
scales about 4-49-20. Body short, deep, strongly compressed; scales
moderately large on the sides, small and numerous on the head, soft
dorsal and anal, and the base of the caudal. Head small, the profile
oblique and nearly straight above; the snout not much produced and
pointed; eye greater than the snout, smaller than the interorbital
space, and a trifle over 3 in the head; mouth small, the maxillary not
reaching the anterior nostril; nostrils small, close together, and some
littie distance in advance of the eye; teeth curved and projecting in
brush-like pands in each jaw; interorbital space convex; gill-opening
long, the membrane obsolete; gill rakers short, weak, and not numer-
ous; first and second dorsal spines short and the others about equal,
the anterior ones more robust; highest rays of soft dorsal before the
middle, and the marginal angle very obtuse; first and second anal
spines robust, the third slender; soft anal high in the middle, and the
margin of the fin rounded; pectoral low, not as far posteriorly as the
ventrals and equal to the head without the snout; ventral spine long,
the tip of the fin falling short of the anus by the length of the snout;
caudal with the upper rays the longest and the edge obliquely straight.
Lateral line high, concurrent with the margin of the dorsal fin, then
descending on the base of the caudal peduncle to the base of the caudal.
Caudal peduncle compressed, 3 in the head.
Color in aleohol dark brown, the spinous dorsal behind, the soft
dorsal and the soft anal very dark brown, the two latter being edged
narrowly with white; head dark above, the lips blackish; caudal
whitish with its terminal portion broadly grayish. On the sides are
traces of many indistinct, longitudinal bands. Length 51} inches.
Here described from Misaki specimens. —
This species, the most northern of its genus, has been found only
about the peninsulas of Izu and Sagami. We have five specimens,
one dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross in
Totomi Bay, near Hamamatsu from the rocks at Misaki, the others
from the Tokio market, doubtless from Awa or Misaki.
(Nippon, or Nip-hon, the general name of the Japanese Empire,
wrongly applied on Kuropean maps to the chief island, Hondo or
Honshyu.)
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
12. CHASTODON DAZDALMA Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 34. to 32; depth 13 to 1%; D. XL or: XMM, 22: Ay “LUE 16:
P. I, 14; V. 1,5; scales 6-46-18. Body very deep, short and strongly
compressed; scales small, except on the sides, a little in front where
they are much enlarged, and on the head, soft dorsal and anal, and
caudal becoming very small. Head small, the profile above obliquely
vertical, and the snout produced; eye smaller than the snout, 3$ in
head and equal to the interorbital space; mouth small, the maxillary
reaching to the anterior nostril; nostrils close together and a little
Bad
Ryle,
re CGH
es d
SANG
rae
re ee
Fig. 4.—CHETODON DADALMA.
before the eye; teeth curved and projecting in brush-like bands in
each jaw; interorbital space convex; gill-opening long, the membrane
a narrow fold across and not united to the isthmus; gill rakers short
and few; first dorsal spine short, the anterior ones longer than the
others and more robust; soft dorsal with the rays in front the longest
and the edge rounded; anal spines strong, the first the shortest and
the second the longest; soft anal high and the edge rounded; pectoral
low and about equal to the head; ventrals about equal to the pecto-
rals, but not reaching the anus; caudal squarely truneate, the edge
straight. Lateral line high, arched, concurrent with dorsal fin, and
Hla es Bene idee
no.1293. JAPANESE CHA TODONTIDE—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 539
indistinct on the caudal peduncle. Caudal peduncle compressed and
24+ in head.
Color in alcohol deep blackish brown, the scales everywhere with
their centers pale yellow and their edges broadly margined with
blackish brown, forming a beautiful reticulated or netted pattern; edges
of soft dorsal, anal, and caudal broadly margined with yellow; pecto-
‘al blackish with a large yellow spot on its middle; ventrals and space
infront and between their bases deep blackish brown; along the sides
longitudinal dark bands are formed, due to the course of the scales.
Total length 62 inches. Here described from Okinawa specimens.
Type.—No. 7190, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.
Cotypes are in the U. S. National Museum.
We have received three specimens of this handsome species from
Nafa, in Okinawa, two of them collected by Yonekichi Koneyama, the
other from the Imperial University.
(dad ak ua, a piece of art embroidery.)
7. CORADION Kaup.
Coradion Kaur, Wiegmann’s Archiv, XXIV, 1860, pl. 1, p. 146 (chrysozonus).
This genus is allied to Chetodon, differing in its angular form, the
base of most of the soft dorsal and anal being nearly vertical, in the
very small teeth, and in the small number (8 to 11) of the dorsal spines,
which are very strong; anal spines 3, very strong; scales moderate.
Species few, of the East Indies.
(kopad.ov, Koptd.or, a little girl.)
13. CORADION DESMOTES Jordan and Fowler, new species.
mead 22; depth 14; D. 11, 22° A. LIT, 18; P. 1,114; V.-I, 5; scales
4524-30. Body very short, deep, and compressed; scales small, except
on the sides a little in front, where they are enlarged, and becom-
ing very small on the head, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal. Head
moderate, the profile above very concave and ascending steeply to the
dorsal; eye equal to the snout (7) a trifle over 3 in the snout (4) and
greater than the interorbital space; snout produced and pointed; mouth
small, the maxillary reaching to below the anterior nostril; nostrils
close together and a little before the eye; teeth projecting in brush-
like bands in the jaws; interorbital space convex; gill-opening long,
the membrane a narrow fold across the isthmus; gill rakers short,
weak, and not especially numerous; spines anterior to the third dorsal
spine short, the latter and the 3 or 4 succeeding, robust and longer
than the others, so that the fin is high in front; the anterior 7 soft
dorsal rays long, after which the others diminish so that a blunt angle
is formed along the margin; anal spine strong, the first the shortest;
soft anal deep in the front and middle, with its edge rounded; pectoral
low, shorter than the head; ventrals longer than the pectorals, reach-
ing beyond the origin of the anal; caudal square, the edge nearly
;
VOL. XXV.
AL MUSEUM.
ry
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATION
Lateral line high, nearly concurrent with the margin of the
dorsal, and forming a blunt angle a little posteriorly concurrent with
straight.
540
that of the soft dorsal.
Only a few pores on the caudal peduncle, which
is compressed and equal to the first anal spine.
Color in aleohol pale brown, with a broad vertical band from the
origin of the spinous dorsal through eye, about equal to it in width; a
narrow band from the supraoccipital region to the tip of the snout; a
broad brown band, a little less in width than the length of the pectoral,
LOY
: rat |it 4 i
nly
pt Hy
A ea ds
Sy Shy if f 1
“ x 4 fi FY), f
SOP RE a ee is vise f
Sepia Oe SS nae e eae eae tel Hy):
ee, he
iY
ETE ape Te
Large Fe RON ea ToS ee
SSSAS ESOS EERE SS
pw eae eee
CELE LS EO SES OSES
SSOESLERLOS BES SEES ES
eS2S 02 oo 2
Pate eae Coe
ES woe’
LZ? 522 CLS ke
FE
Sa
Sat ye ye
Ss oP SS
Seige
Fig. 5.—CORADION DESMOTES.
and margined narrowly with darker, from the spinous dorsal above
to the belly, and a similar band of about equal width from soft dorsal
_ to the soft anal; anterior part of soft dorsal with a black ocellus, the
edge white, equal to the eye; caudal with the base brown and the outer
half gray; ventrals blackish; a light band over caudal peduncle behind
and the anterior part of the base of the caudal.
Length, 44} inches.
Type.—No. 7192, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.
Described from a single fine specimen taken at Nagasaki.
(deo @rTys, x prisoner, alluding to the narrow cross-bars. )
no. 1296. JAPANESE CH ETODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. DA
8. MICROCANTHUS Swainson.
Microcanthus Swatyson, Class. Anim., II, 1839, p. 215 (strigatus).
This genus differs from Chetodon chiefly in the small scales, there
being about 60 in the lateral line. The soft dorsal and anal are shorter
than is usual in Chetodon, the fin formula of the typical species being
D. XI, 17; A. III, 14. It is in fact doubtful whether the genus con-
tains a second species, as the other species with small scales have the
soft fins many-rayed and constitute Bleeker’s genus //em/iaurichthys
(type, polylepis), which is apparently a valid genus. In any case it
has no close relation to JMcrocanthus strigutus.
(uiKpos, small; aKkavda, spine.)
14. MICROCANTHUS STRIGATUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
KAGOKAKIDATI (CHAIR CARRIER PERCH); SHIMAYAKKODAI (STRIPED
KNAVE PERCH.)
Chetodon strigatus (Langsdorf) Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., II, 1831,
p- 25, pl. cxx; Japan.—ScuLeGeL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 80, pl. x1,
fig. 1; Nagasaki.—BLEekeEr, Verh. Bat. Gen., XX VI, 1857, Japan, p. 94; Naga-
saki.—GtntTHer, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 34; China, Japan.—SrernpACHNER
and DépERLEIN, Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 28; Tokyo.—Nysrrom, Kong.
Vet. Ak. Handl., 1887, p. 18; Nagasaki.—Isaixawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 52;
Tokyo, Kagoshima.—SreinDACHNER, Reise Aurora, 1896, p. 202; Kobe.
Hemitaurichthys strigatus JoRDAN and Snyper, Check List, 1901, p. 90.
Reade depth 2). MiG: 7A, TL. 163:Ps D153 -V.; 1,53 -seales
9-62-24. Body a little long, deep and compressed; scales more or
less uniform on the trunk, small on the head and becoming very small
on the soft dorsal, anal, and the base of the caudal. Head moder-
ately compressed, the profile steeply convex above the eye; eye 2? in
the head and greater than the interorbital space; snout nearly straight
above, pointed and projecting; mouth moderately large, the maxillary
extending to the anterior margin of the eye; nostrils small, directly in
front of, and near the anterior margin of the eye; teeth in a brush-
like series in the jaws; interorbital space flatly convex; gill-opening
large, the membrane free from the isthmus; gill rakers rather short
and in moderate number; dorsal spines strong, longest anteriorly, and
graduated to the last, the first and second short; soft dorsal long in
front, its margm rounded; second anal spine very large and strong;
soft anal high in front and then decreasing to the last ray, the margin
of the fin nearly straight; pectoral rather short, 1? in head; ventrals
long and pointed, longer than the pectorals and reaching the origin
of the anal; caudal with the lobes not produced much, pointed, and
the margin concave. Lateral line arched, concurrent with the margin
of the scaly sheath about the base of the spinous dorsal and the mar-
gin of the soft dorsal, and then running straight along the caudal
peduncle to the base of the caudal. Caudal peduncle compressed and
about equal to the ventral spines.
549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
4
4
Color in alcohol pale, with 7 longitudinal slightly inclined broad
blackish brown bands, the first along the middle of the spinous dorsal
backward from the upper part of the third ray, then the others fol-
lowing below in a parallel manner; on the supraoccipital region of the
head two bands running down between the eyes and uniting near the
end of the snout; a dark bar from snout to eye; a dark spot on base
of the pectoral; ventrals and caudal plain. Length 7? inches. In
very small specimens the dark bars are very distinctly defined; there
are 2 black spots on the dorsal, one at the base of the anterior spine
and the other at the base of the anterior rays; on the anal the pectoral
bar is continued out over the base of the anal spines on to the anterior
rays, and there is alsoa black spot at the base of the posterior rays; a
black band originates on the head above the eyes and forks at the pec-
toral, the anterior division going to the ventrals; a dark stripe runs
across the chin from the maxillaries; outer portions of ventrals black.
Here described from examples from Wakanoura.
This species is rather common about the headlands of southern
Japan. Our numerous specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, and Naga-
saki. It is easily recognized by its 5 or 6 lengthwise stripes. It
lacks altogether the ocular cross-band almost universal in Chzetodon.
(strigatus, striped.)
9. HENIOCHUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Heniochus Cuvinr and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 92 (macrolepi-
dotus) .
Taurichthys Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 146 (varius).
Diphreuwtes Cantor, Malayan Fishes, 1850, p. 159 (macrolepidotus; substitute for
Heniochus, on account of Henioche, a prior genus of Lepidoptera).
Body much compressed and elevated; the forehead in the adult /
often with bony projections; dorsal spines 11 to 13, the fourth greatly
elevated and filiform; muzzle rather short; no teeth on the palate; no
spine on the preopercle; scales moderate. East Indies; allied to
Chetodon, but well distinguished by the prolongation of the fourth
dorsal spine.
(yvioyos, a coachman, from the whip-like dorsal spine.)
15. HENIOCHUS MACROLEPIDOTUS (Linnzus).
HATATATEDAI (FLAG RAISER PERCH).
Chetodon macrolepidotus LINNxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 274 (after Artedi,
Cheetodon lineis utruique 2-nigris radio quarto dorsali longissimo setiformi).—
Biocu, Ichth., 1788, p. 50, pl. cc, fig. 1; India.
Heniochus macrolepidotus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831,
p. 93.—ScHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 82, pl. xuiv, fig. 1;
Nagasaki.—RicHarpson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 246; Canton.—GtnrHeEr,
Cat. Fish., IT, 1860, p. 39; Ceylon, Amboyna, Port Essington.—Day, Fish
India, 1875, p. 110, pl. viii, fig. 3.—SreinpACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische
Japans, IT, 1883, p. 24; Kochi.
no.1296. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 543
Techies Peep Tie BLEEKER, Atlas Ichth., Chae 1877-78, p. 29, mi V;
fig. 1; Sumatra, Pinang, Celebes, Singapore, een Samoa a, Luzon, New
Canes ete.
Chextodon bifasciatus Suaw, Genl. Zool., 1V, 1803, p. 342.
Heniochus acuminatus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 98.
Chelodon mycteryzans Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 76.
Heads: depth 12+ We Ral 231A GUS 13 Ped, 16; V. 1,5; scales
about 4-44-24. Body deep, compressed, the scales enlarged on the sides,
small on the head, and becoming very small on the basal portion of
the soft dorsal, anal, and the caudal. Head rather deep; eye 2% in the
head and much larger than the interorbital space; snout nearly straight
above, shorter than the eye, pointed and projecting; mouth rather
small, the maxillary reaching nearly to the anterior nostril; nostrils
close together in front of the eye; teeth small and fine in both jaws;
interorbital space convex; gill-opening large, the rakers small and not
numerous; gill-membrane very narrow and free from the isthmus;
dorsal high in front, graduated to the fourth spine, which is very long,
attenuated, and furnished with a filament, the total length exceeding
the entire length of the fish; the fifth spine is longer than the third;
middle of soft dorsal elevated; first anal spine short; soft anal with the
anterior rays elevated into a sharp angle, then rapidly decreasing to
the last, which are very short; pectoral low, moderate, about equal to
the ventral spine; ventral under the pectoral very long, reaching
to the middle of the base of the anal, and the tip of the ventral spine
not extending to the origin of the anal; caudal moderate, the edge
somewhat rounded. Lateral line high, very much arched, and extend-
ing down on the caudal peduncie. Caudal peduncle compressed, and
equal to the eye.
Color in alcohol, dark above, head silvery white; the snout dark
brownish and a dark brown band from one eye to the other across
the forehead; a dark brown band from the first dorsal spines down
the sides including the posterior part of the gill-opening, and the
base of the pectoral to the belly, where it becomes broader and
joining the one from the opposite side of the body; a white band of
similar width behind the one just described, becoming very broad
below, so that it extends over the first half of the anal fin; there isa
second broad black band arising behind the tip of the fifth dorsal
spine and extending obliquely across the body so as to include the
posterior half of the anal fin; behind this the rest of the body is pale
and silvery; the dark bands where they extend on the dorsal and anal
fins, together with the entire ventral fins, are black. Length, 2%
inches. Ina very young specimen the profile of the body above and
in front is more obliquely inclined, and the brown bands are broader,
the posterior occupying all the rest of the back and caudal peduncle;
the large nuchal scales are well developed. Here described from
Wakanoura examples.
544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The young of this species are frequently taken in the Kuro Shiwo
off the headlands in southern Japan. No adult examples have yet
been recorded, and it is probable that the species does not breed in
Japan. It is a handsome fish and may be known at all ages by the
produced dorsal spine.
Our examples differ from the figures of Bleeker and Day in showing
no black markings on the anterior part of the anal fin. Probably this
coloration changes with age. If not, two distinct species may be con-
founded under the name of //entochus macrolepidotus. Our numer-
ous specimens, the longest less than 3 inches, are from Wakanoura
and Nagasaki.
(uaxpotenridor0s, large-scaled.)
10. HOLACANTHUS Lacépéde.
Holacanthus Lackrrpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., LV, 1803, p. 525 (tricolor; scales large;
caudal forked).
Genicanthus Swainson, Class. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 212 (lamarckii; scales large;
caudal forked).
Centropyge Kaur, Wiegmann’s Archiy., X X VI, 1876, p. 188 (tibicen; erroneously
said to have four anal spines).
Chetodontoplus BLEEKER, Archiy. Neerl. Sci. Nat., XII, 1876, p. 26 (mesoleucus;
isthmus broad).
Acanthochxtodon BurEKER, Archiy. Neerl. Sci. Nat., XII, 1876, p. 5 (lepidolepis;
isthmus narrow; body elevated).
?Angelichthys JonDAN and EvermMann, Check List, Fishes, 1896, p. 420 (ciliaris).
Body oblong or elevated, rather robust; scales rather small, rough-
ish, often mixed with smaller ones. Vertical limb of preopercle with
serre, large or small; a strong spine at the angle of the preopercle,
this usually grooved; interopercle short, armed with strong spines;
dorsal spine with 12 to 15 strong spines, which are usually graduated,
increasing in height to the last; soft dorsal moderate, with 17 to 20
rays, usually not ending in streamers. Coloration usually brilliant
and well defined. Species numerous in all tropical seas, abounding
about coral reefs. We include provisionally under //olacanthus the
subgenera Angelichthys, Chetodontoplus, and Acanthochxtodon. The
following is an analysis of their principal characters:
a. Ascending limb of preopercle with fine serrations only.
b. Caudal rounded.
c. Gill-membranes very broadly joined to the isthmus; body oblong-ovate;
scales small 2.2. Sate tne eee een ee eee eee Chetodontoplus.
ec. Gill-membrane narrowly joined to the isthmus.
d. Body oblong, not elevated; scales rather large.....--.------- Centropyge.
dd. Body more or less elevated; scales small......------2 Acanthochxtodon.
bb. Caudal lunate, with produced lobes, scales large.-...---------- Holacanthus.
aa. Ascending limb of preopercle with strong spines -.....---------- Angelichthys.
The three Japanese species belong to Acanthochetodon and Centro-
pyye:
(olos, whole; a«kavéa, spine.)
no.1296. JAPANESE CH ETODONTID.E—JORDAN AND FOWLER. D45
a, ACANTHOCHETODON; scales very small; gill-membranes narrowly joined to the
isthmus; caudal rounded; body deep.
b. Body golden brown, with numerous blue or blackish stripes.
c. Stripes on body relatively narrow, bright blue with darker edges, these
extending horizontally on the soft dorsal fin.........-.: septentrionalis, 16.
ce. Stripes on body broader, blackish, these extending on the soft dorsal fin
imethe directionsoisthe xa ysa22 essen ese ea eases ronin, 17.
aa. CENTROPYGE; scales large; isthmus narrow; body oblong; caudal rounded.
d. Body blackish with an ovate white spot or crossband; scales rather large,
EOUEMAC Ire Sees Se eRe Ie Sees Uae OE eRe On we ce wae els yuloats tibicen, 18.
16. HOLACANTHUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Schlegel.
KINJAKUUO (PURSE FISH).
Holocanthus septentrionalis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 82, pl. x Liv;
Nagasaki.—Gtnruer, Cat. Fish., I1, 1860, p. 52.—SreinpacHNer and DépErR-
LEIN, Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 24; Tokyo.—IsHrkawa, Prel. Cat., 1897,
p. 02; Tokyo.
read: 3s dentine ts.) eI x LMS SCAR Se 1OecP Ts! Vs VoD cb
Body deep, strongly compressed, and covered almost everywhere with
small rough scales. Head deep, the profile steep above; snout not
produced, and blunt; eye small, high, 1? in the snout, 3% in the head,
and 12 in the interorbital space; profile of body from snout to ventrals
evenly convex; mouth rather small, the maxillary nearly vertical and
not extending to the posterior nostril; nostrils small, close together,
and in front of the eye; lower jaw projecting a little; teeth slender,
numerous, and in brush-like series in either jaw; interorbital space
strongly convex; preopercle with finely denticulate edge, and armed
with a strong, compressed spine, directed backward. Gill-opening
large, the isthmus thick, and the membrane narrowly joined to it; gill
‘akers short and in moderate number. Dorsal and anal almost entirely
covered with small rough scales, the spinous portions of the fins very
rough; spinous dorsal highest posteriorly, gradually sloping up from
the front; soft dorsal high in the front and with its margin rounded;
anal graduated to the third spine, which is the longest, and the edge of
the soft fin rounded behind; pectorals short, rounded, shorter than the
ventrals and 1? in the head; ventrals with a strong roughened spine,
not reaching the anus, and the tip of the longest ray not reaching the
origin of the anal. Lateral line arched above so that it is concurrent
with the margin of the dorsal and running on the caudal peduncle.
Caudal peduncle compressed, and a little over 2 in the head.
Color in alcohol dark brown, the caudal white, very narrowly mar-
gined with brown; soft dorsal and anal a little darker than the body
color, their margins very narrowly white, and then with very narrow
blackish marginal stripes; on the sides are 7 or 8 narrow longitudinal
bluish stripes margined with black, and on the dorsal and anal are
several similar irregular narrow longitudinal stripes running the length
Proce eN, WE vol. xxv—02—— 35
546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
of the fins; pectorals with a bar across its basal portion, otherwise
like the ventrals, plain. Length 6;'; inches. Here described from a
specimen from Ikune, from Satsuma, in Kiusiu.
This handsome fish is rarely taken off the headlands of southern
Japan. We have one fine specimen from Ikune in Satsuma, a province
in the island of Kiusiu. .
(septentrionalis, northern, most species of the genus being exclu-
sively tropical.)
17,75 HOLACANTHUS RONIN Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 34; depth 1% to 13;.D. I-XUII, 18 or 19; A. 1 17; Pe
17; V. I, 5. Body deep, strongly compressed, and covered almost
tae
y hi ie
Vt) Wey
AON yak ms
RN Tr a
rs
eT
HTL NSARM MT nM aba
TOO ONTARIANS YAY
Myvi AVX MAX NA ey sun
ae
d)
So
os
On Dae
Any py msetec arn
PAN ON
Ad esa)
i Lean esnet? Yipes
ae
BR RRO RR Laas
7 sy iy a Hi aA
Fic. 6.—HOLACANTHUS RONIN.
everywhere with small, rough scales. Head deep; the profile above,
very steep, and convex in the young, becoming more oblique and
straight with age; eye small, high, 24 to 4 in the head, and 1
to 12 in the interorbital space; the eye a third longer than the snout
in the young and 1? in the same in the adult; profile of body, convex
from the tip of the snout to the ventrals; mouth small, the max-
illary nearly vertical, and not extending beyond anterior nostril;
nostrils small, close together, and in front of the eye; the lower
No.1295. JAPANESE CHETODONTID.A—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 547
jaw projects, the snout being blunt; teeth slender, numerous, and in
brush-like series in the jaws; preoperculum, with the edge finely den-
ticulate, and armed below with a strong, compressed spine, directed
backward; gill-opening large, the isthmus thick, and the membrane ~
narrowly joined to it; gill rakers short and in moderate number; dor-
sal and anal almost entirely covered with small, rough scales, the
spinous portions of the fins very rough; spinous dorsal higher pos-
teriorly, gradually sloping up from the front; soft dorsal high, its
edge rounded; anal graduated to the third spine which is the longest;
soft anal high, the edge rounded behind; pectorals, low; ventral spine
equal to third anal spine. Lateral line arched above, so that it is con-
current with the margin of the dorsal, and extending on the caudal
peduncle. Caudal peduncle compressed, and a trifle over 2 in the head.
Color of the adult in spirits, dark brown, the caudal white; soft
dorsal, anal, and caudal peduncle blackish, the edges of the former two
fins narrowly margined with white; on the sides are 10 narrow longi-
tudinal dark bands, margined rather broadly with blackish, some
extending out on the soft dorsal and anal nearly parallel with the fin
rays; on the anterior part of the dorsal and anal, several of the bars
are nearly longitudinal; pectoral with a bar across its basal portion,
otherwise, like the ventrals, plain. Length, 54? inches. In a small
specimen, 242 inches long, the bands on the sides are 7 in number and
broad, the soft dorsal and anal are very dark, almost uniform black,
and there are two broad longitudinal bands on the spinous dora
extending to the soft dorsal and two similar bands on the anal in front.
In both specimens the bands are sometimes either interrupted or
broken, the two sides not conforming. Here described from two
examples, the larger from Misaki and the smaller from Wakanoura.
Numbered 7191, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum.
The specimen from Misaki was obtained from the Asakusa A quari-
um in Tokio through the courtesy of Dr. Kishinouye.
The species is extremely close to //olacanthus septentrionalis, but
differs in the color and direction of its dark stripes.
(ronin, a Japanese feudal waif, a retainer whose feudal lord is dead-
or degraded; an allusion to the habitat of the species distant from the
Tropics, the original home of //olacanthus.)
18. HOLACANTHUS TIBICEN Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Holacanthus tibicen Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831,
p- 173 (locality unknown; specimen in the Leyden Museum ).—GitnrTHer,
Cat. Fish., II, 1861, p. 46 (copied ).—BLeEKeEr, Atlas Ichth: Cheet., 1877-78,
>| }
pl. vin, fig. 4; Celebes, Flores, Ternate, Amboina, Ceram, Solor.
Holacanthus leucopleura BLEEKER, Solor, 1853, p. 79; Solor.—Gitnruer, Cat.
} , ? d | ?
Fish., II, 1861, p. 46; Amboina.
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Head. 3%; depth 1$;. Dy 2X1V, 16574. Ue 7. rs Alesha
scales 4-82-21. Body oblong, deep and compressed, and covered with
striated, ctenoid scales. Head deep, the profile above very steep and
convex; snout blunt and not produced; eye 8 in the head, greater
than the snout and equal to the interorbital space; nostrils small, close
together and directly in front of the eye; teeth slender, fine and in
brush-like series in each jaw; profile of body convex below from tip
of snout to the ventrals; mouth small, the teeth produced, and the
maxillary below the posterior nostril; preorbital with several small
denticles along its lower edge; preoperculum with its edge denticulate
and produced below into a sharp spine directed backward, and equal
to two-thirds the length of the ventral spine; lower margin of the gill-
opening above the preoperculur spine, denticulate; interorbital space
strongly convex; gill-opening large, the membrane narrowly joined to
the isthmus; gill rakers short and not numerous; spinous dorsal highest
behind; soft dorsal higher behind the middle, with the angle rounded;
soft anal highest behind and with a rounded angle; pectoral equal to
ventral, the latter not reaching the anal; caudal conyexly rounded.
Lateral line high, arched and nearly concurrent with the dorsal out-
line. Caudal peduncle compressed, 13 in the pectoral.
Color in alcohol blackish brown, except a large, white, vertical,
oblong blotch on the sides above and behind the shoulders, and the
lower margin of the spinous and soft anal, which are also white. Total
length 4,°; inches. Here described from an example from Okinawa.
This rare species is known to us from a fine specimen obtained at
Nafa, Riukiu Islands, by Yonekichi Koneyama. lt is well figured by
Bleeker.
(tibicen, a flute-player, the allusion not explained.)
Family V. ZANCLID.
MOORISH IDOLS.
Body oblong, much compressed and elevated, covered with minute
rough scales. Mouth small, with long, slender, brush-like teeth; no
teeth on the palate; bones of top of head thick and solid, developing
with age a conspicuous median horn on the forehead, wanting in the
young. Preopercle unarmed. Dorsal single, with 7 spines, the third
and succeeding spines prolonged into long filaments; interspinal bone
projecting before dorsal. Anal similar to soft dorsal, long, with its
anterior rays produced; a small antrorse spine before anal. Caudal
peduncle unarmed, the fin lunate; pectorals short; ventrals pointed.
Intestine long. Coracoid bones largely developed. Vertebree reduced
in number, 9+13=22. Air bladder large. Branchiostegals 4; pyloric
seca 14. One species, widely distributed about rocky islands of the
Pacific.
wo.1296. J4PANESE CH_ETODONTIDE£—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 549
11. ZANCLUS Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Zanclus (Commerson Ms.) LackpEpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1803, p. 473 (cor-
nutus; non-binomial) .
Pomacanthus pt. LAckprDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1805, p. 517 (canescens, etc. ).
Zanclus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 102 (cornu-
tus).
Gonopterus Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 77 (mecerens).
Gnathocentrum GuicHENoT, Ann. Maine et Loire, IX, 1866, p. 4 (centrognathum;
young).
Characters of the genus included above. It is possible that the
generic name Pomacanthus, Lacépede, should be used for this genus,
as the first species placed in that composite group by its author is the
Ohetodon canescens of Linnens. The name Zanclus occurs still earlier
in Lacépéede’s work, but not in binomial form. It is, however, for
reason of priority adopted by Bleeker. If, however, the first species
named be recognized as the type of the genus, a rule the present writ-
ers believe to be finally inevitable, we must substitute Pomacanthus
for Zanclus.
(CayKhor, a sickle.)
19. ZANCLUS CANESCENS (Linnzus).
Chetodon canescens LINNa&uS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 272; Indies (after
Artedi; young).
Pomacanthus canescens LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1808, p. 517.
Zanclus canescens GUNTHER, Cat., 1, 1860, p. 493.—Bueexker, Atlas Ichth., Cheet.,
1877-78, p. 78, pl. v, fig. 3; Celebes, Amboina.
Chetodon cornutus LINNxeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 273 (after Artedi;
adult ).—Lackprper, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1808, p. 473, pl. u, fig. 1.—Jorpan
and EverMAnn, Fish N. and M. America, I], 1898, p. 1687.
Zanclus cornutus CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, p. 102,
pl. cLxxvi.—BLeeker, Atlas Ichth., Cheet., 1877-78, p. 77, pl. rv, figs. 1, 2;
Sumatra, Java, Celebes, Ceram, New Guinea, Waigiu, ete.
Zanclus centrognathus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, p.
528; near equator, 75° E.
Gonopterus merens GRonow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 77; India.
Chetodon nudus Gronow, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 76; Mari Indico.
Zanclus montrouzieri THioLLierRe, in Montrousier, Fauna Woodlark Island, 1857,
p- 168; Woodlark.
Head 22; depth about as great as length; eye 24 insnout. D. IX,
38; A. ILI, 33; snout 1} in head, greatly produced, the upper profile
very concave; teeth slender, brush-like, very much projecting; ante-
rior rays of dorsal and anal produced; first and second dorsal spines
very short, the third greatly produced, ending in a long filament
exceeding total length of fish; the longest soft ray about 14 in body;
posterior dorsal rays short, vertical, or even inclined forward; pectoral
some longer than snout, shorter than the ventrals.
Color in life, snout chiefly white, point of upper jaw black, followed
by a large orange patch separated from the white by a narrow black
550 PROCEEDINGS CF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
band; lower jaw mostly black; anterior part of body from first dorsal
spine to ventrals black, this crossed by two narrow vertical blue lines,
the first beginning at origin of ventrals, extending upward and forward,
then backward just behind orbit, and ending on median line of back
in front of dorsal fin; the second beginning on abdomen, crosses body
at base of pectoral and ends at origin of dorsal fin; a third less dis-
tinct one extends upward and backward from eye; a broad whitish
bar, nearly as broad as length of head, begins on anterior part of
dorsal fin and crosses body somewhat obliquely backward, covering
anterior portion of anal fin; posteriorly this bar is washed with yel-
low or orange, which gradually fades into the white of the anterior
part; next comes a black bar one-half as wide, covering the bases of
about 14 dorsal rays and widening out upon the anal so as to cover
the greater part of about 24 rays; in the posterior part of this black
band is a narrow white line; next a yellow or orange band covering
all of the caudal peduncle and the posterior portions of the dorsal and
anal fins; caudal fin black, a narrow white line at base; tip of caudal
fin with a crescent-shaped border of white more or less washed with
yellowish; pectorals pale; ventrals black. East Indies and islands
of Polynesia; common and widely distributed; ranging east to the
Hawaiian Islands and the offshore islands of Mexico, the young car-
ried northward in the Kuro Shiwo to the coasts of Japan, where it
is not rare in the rock pools of the headlands. Here described from a
specimen from Misaki, 343 inches long.
Bleeker recognizes two species of this genus, the common form,
Zanclus cornutus, with a preorbital spine in the adult, and a smaller
one, Zanclus canescens, deeper in the body with a spine before the eye.
All that we have seen are referable to Zanclus cornutus, but the other
shows no tangible difference. Canescens is the older name.
(canescens, ZYOWing gray.)
Family VI. ACANTHURID.
SURGEON-FISHES.
Body oblong, compressed and usually elevated, covered with very
small scales; lateral line continuous. ‘Tail armed with one or more
spines or bony plates. Eye lateral, high up; preorbital very narrow
and deep. Nostrils double. Mouth small, low; each jaw with a sin-
gle series of narrow incisor-like teeth; vomer and palatines toothless;
premaxillaries somewhat movable but not protractile; maxillary short,
closely united with the premaxillary; gill rakers obsolete; pseudo-
branchie large; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; gill-membranes
attached to the isthmus, the openings thus restricted to the sides. A
single dorsal tin, with strong spines, the spinous part of the fin shorter
than the soft part; anal fin similar to soft dorsal; pectorals moder-
no.129%. JAPANESE CH AZTODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 551
ate; ventral fins present, thoracic, J, 5. Pelvis bones long, narrow,
curved, closely connected, evident through the skin, as in Balistide.
Pyloric ceca rather few; air bladder large; intestinal canal long.
Vertebre 9+ 13—=22. Posterior suborbital bones in close contact
with the preopercle; post-temporal immovably united with the skull,
apparently simple, but really trifurcate with the interspaces filled in
with bone, the foramen not passing through it; interneural bones with
transversely expanded buckler-like subcutaneous plates, which inter-
vene between the spines and limit their motion forward; epipleurals
developed from the ribs. Herbivorous fishes of the tropical seas.
These fishes undergo large changes with age as is the case with the
Chetodontide, the young having often been described as distinct
genera.
a. Caudal armature developed as a movable antrorse, extremely sharp, knife-edged
spine, erectile from a groove.
6. Ventral rays I, 5; teeth fixed and strong; anal spines 3.
Ce DOTsAlsSpiNestA WOULD eos en tains seit ee aie ise clock ese ee Teuthis, 12.
cc. Dorsal spines 4 or 5; soft dorsal elevated................--- Zebrasoma, 13.
aa, Caudal armature developed as immovable tubercles or lamina.
d. Ventral rays I, 5; anal spines3; dorsal spines usually 8; caudal plates 3 or
4, broad, rugose, with a central nonserrated spine ......._2 Nesurus, 14.
dd. Ventral rays I, 3; dorsal spines 4 to 6; anal spines 2; caudal plates 1 or
2, absent in the young; adult usually with a bony frontal prominence.
Acanthurus, 15.
Oe le EO eh ele iia seuist
Rhombotides KiEtN, Historia Piscum, 1740 (nonbinomial).
Hepatus Gronow, Zoophyl., 1765 (hepatus; nonbinomial).
Teuthis Linn -xus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 507 (hepatus; javus; after Hepatus,
Gronow ).
Harpurus (Forster) GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 1269 (species ‘‘cauda utriuque
spina vel squama ossea falcata munite’’ ).
Aspisurus LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1802, p. 556 (sohar).
Theuthis Cuvier, Tab. El. Hist. Nat., 1798, p. 371.
Theutis Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ist ed., I, 1817, p. 330 (restricted to Les Acanthures;
allies of Teuthis hepatus) .
Teuthys Swanson, altered orthography.
Acronurus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., II], 1861, p. 345 (orbicularis; young fishes
apparently scaleless) .
Rhombotides (Klein) Day, Fishes India, I, 1876, p. 202.
Acanthurus, of authors generally, not of Forskal as here understood.
- This genus includes those Acanthuridxe which have the tail armed
with a sharp, antrorse, lancet-like, movable spine; strong, fixed, incisor
teeth; ventral rays I, 5, and about 9 spines in the dorsal fin. The
numerous species are found in all tropical seas; herbivorous fishes,
living about coral reefs; the adult protected by the murderous caudal
spine, which grows larger with age.
(revGis, the Squid, Loligo; substituted by Linneus for Gronow’s
name, //epatus, for no evident reason. )
552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
a. Caudal spine small; body light gray, with about six cross bars, narrower than
the interspaces; end of caudal peduncle with two black spots; dorsal rays
about JExs 23" anal TIL, 21s 2.5 oe aap ee ee ne ee ep ee eee a triostegus, 20.
aa. Caudal spine strong; body dark brown, uniform, or with faint bluish streaks;
dorsal rays about IX, 26; anal III, 24.
b. Axil of dorsal and anal fins without black spot; body and fins with faint
piréakia 0220 5.20822 CUS: s Mee ae eee = aes eee argenteus, 21.
bb. Axil of dorsal and anal fins with a jet black spot; lips black; body and fins
almostuplam dark browses cecee fae eee = eee eee eens bipunctatus, 22,
20. TEUTHIS TRIOSTEGUS (Linnezus).
SHIMADAT: (STRIPED PERCH.)
Chetodon triostegus LINnxus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 274; India.
Acanthurus triostegus CuvreR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835,
p. 197.—Giinrner, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 327; Amboina, Celebes, Aneitum,
Australia, Malayan Archipelago.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 34; Oga-
sahara (Bonin Islands).
Chetodon zebra LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ITI, 1802, p. 25, fig. 3; no locality.
Acanthurus zebra LACKPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1808, p. 546, pl. v1, fig. 3; no
locality.
Chztodon couagga Lacnrkpn, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1V, 1802, p. 727; no locality.
Teuthis australis Gray, in King’s Narr. Survey Coast of Australia, II, 1826,
p. 485; west coast of Australia.
Acanthurus hirundo Bexnert, Ceylon Fishes, 1830, p. 11, pl. x1; Ceylon.
ed
Acanthurus subarmatus Bennerr, Whaling Voyage, II, 1840, p. 278; Society
Islands.
Harpurus fasciatus Forstrr, Dese. Anim., Ed. Licht., 1844, p. 216.
Head 32 to 4; depth 13 to 2; eye 23 in snout. D. IX or X-22 or
23; A. IIJ-20 to 22. Body ovate, anterior profile gently curved,
most convex over eyes; snout somewhat produced, concave above.
Dorsal fin moderate, anterior spines more or less concealed in the skin,
the longest spines about equal to the snout, the soft rays equal; first
anal spine very short, the third longest, about equal to the longest
dorsal spines; soft portion of anal about as high as the third anal
spine; caudal slightly lunate, the lobes but little produced; pectorals
about as long as head; ventrals as long as snout, including the eye.
Color in life dark greenish or slaty above with yellowish cloudings;
chin, belly, throat, and a narrow strip along base of anal white; ver-
tical fins dusky; anal with a narrow white margin; pectorals plain;
ventrals white on under surface; sides with 5 black bars, each wider
than the eye, the first, beginning just in front of the branchiostegals,
extends upward and backward across cheek through eye and to median
line of back, where it meets its fellow from the other side, is narrower
than the eye; the second begins at front of dorsal fin and extends down-
ward to base of pectoral, from which point it is continued downward
in a narrower line beginning on base of pectoral and ending just above
base of ventral; the third begins near base of sixth dorsal spine and
extends across side to belly at a point midway between anus and begin-
No.1296. = JAPANESE CHETODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 553
ning bf Sail fin fue fourth heonen on dbase ot fivat dorsal ray and ex-
tends to first anal ray; the fifth begins at base of seventh dorsal ray
and extends across side to base of fifth anal ray; a narrow, faint brown
bar from the beginning of the gill-opening below running low along
the sides of the abdomen to the last vertical stripe; a black spot on
upper and lower sides of caudal peduncle. Length 8} inches. Here
described from specimens from Okinawa.
Pacific Ocean; very abundant about rocky islands from New Zealand
and Australia to the rocky headlands of Japan. Our specimens from
Okinawa (adult) and Misaki (young). The Polynesian species, extend-
ing to the Revillagigedo Islands, and described as Zeuthis triostegus
by Jordan and Evermann, is a distinct form, Zeuthis sandwichensis
(Streets).
(triostegus, TeéTs, three; oréy@, to cover.)
21. TEUTHIS ARGENTEUS (Quoy and Gaimard).
Acanthurus argenteus Quoy and Garmarpb, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 372, pl.
xu, fig. 2; Sandwich Islands, Mariannes.—Cuvigr and VALENCIENNES,
Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 239.
Acronurus argenteus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 346; Ascension Island.
?Acanthurus fuliginosus Lesson, Voyage Coquélle, 1824, p. 149, pl. xxvuny, fig. 2.
?Acanthurus matoides Cuyter and VALENCIENNES, ree Nat. Poiss., X, 1835,
p. 204; Oualan (Longest dorsal spine 33 in depth of body ).—GiinrueEr, Cat.
Fish., II], 1861, p. 331; Amboyna, Pinang, Fiji.—SremnpacHner and Déper-
LEIN, Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 87; Oshima (near Misaki).
Acanthurus annularis CuviER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835,p. 209;
Tle de France.
Acanthurus blochi Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 209;
Ile de France, Seychelles.—Gtnrner, Fische Sudsee, I, 1873, p. 109, pl. uxrx,
fig. 6; Caroline Islands, Seychelles, Society Islands, Samoan Islands, Palm
Island, Kingsmill Islands.
Acanthurus xanthopterus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835,
p. 215; Seychelles.—Cantor, Cat. Malayan Fish., 1850, p. 209; pl. 1v;
Malayan Archipelago.
?Acanthurus lamarrii Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 236;
Ile de France (Anal rays III, 23.)
Acanthurus melanurus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835
p. 240; Pondicherry.
Acronurus melanurus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 346; Borneo.
Head 33; depth 13. D. IX, 26; A. III, 24; snout 12 in head; eye
34; pectoral equal to head; caudal one-fifth longer than head; longest
dorsal spine equaling longest soft ray, 13 in head; ventral long, 11 in
head. Body deep and compressed, the anterior profile steep, convex
before eye; caudal lunate, the upper ray one-third longer than middle
one. Body slaty brown, mottled with gray, but without bands; dorsal
with a bluish gray streak at base, then a bronze one, forking on soft
dorsal, inclosing a bluish gray streak; 5 gray streaks and 4 bronze ones
on dorsal more or less distinct, especially in young; anal with 5 bluish
gray and 5 bronze streaks more oblique than those on the dorsal, and
554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
hence not continuous the whole length of fin; caudal peduncle black,
a whitish yellow cross-band behind spine, faint in adult, the anterior
margin vertical, the posterior concave; rest of caudal black; pectoral
yellowish; ventrals dusky, the spine black. All the marks very faint
and often fading in alcohol. Adult with the pectoral quite yellow;
pale band at base of caudal, growing faint with age; a blue streak along
base of dorsal. Length 443 inches. Rocky shores throughout the
Indian region from the Red Sea to the Hawaiian Islands, everywhere
very common, occasionally northward to the projecting headlands of
Japan. We have one adult example, described above, from Nafa, in
Okinawa. Another adult is from Umesawa, and a young specimen
from tide pools at Misaki. The species is very close to Zeuthis crestonis
of the west coast of Misaki, and to 7euthis bahianus of the West Indies.
Much of the synonymy of this species is very hypothetical. The oldest
name applying to the species beyond a doubt is that of Acanthurus
annularis. But there is scarcely any doubt as to A. matotdes, and A.
annularis is apparently the young of the same species. The Hawaiian
fish should therefore stand as Zeuthis argenteus. The Japanese form
is apparently not different.
(argenteus, silvery.)
22. TEUTHIS BIPUNCTATUS (Gunther).
?? Acanthurus nigroris CuvreR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835,
p. 208; Sandwich Islands.
Acanthurus bipunctatus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 331; China, Fiji.
Teuthis bipunctatus JORDAN and EvERMANN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX V, 1902,
p. 358; Formosa.
Acanthurus nigros Gtxtusr, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 332; New Hebrides.—Isuar-
KAWA, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 34; Mivakoshima.
Head 34; depth 2. D. [X-25; A. III-23, P. I-16; V. I-5. Body
long, compressed, and covered with very small ctenoid scales. . Head
long, convex above the eyes; eyes high, 23 in snout, 4 in head, and 13 in
interorbital space; snout slightly produced, 14 in pectoral, and nearly
straight above; head equal to the pectoral; interorbital space strongly
convex above; nostrils directly in front of the eye, the anterior rounded
and the posterior a small slit. Gill-opening equal to the snout; gill
rakers very small, short, and few. Origin of the dorsal over that of
the pectoral, the spinous part graduated to the middle and then about
equal to the rest of the fin, which ends in a point; the spinous anal
graduated to the third spine, which is the longest, and not as high as
the highest soft rays; soft anal oblong, ending in a point posteriorly;
pectoral longer than head; ventrals equal to the snout with the eye;
caudal lunate, the upper lobes pointed. Caudal peduncle compressed,
rather deep, and 24 in the head. Caudal spine sharp, depressable in a
groove, and about 2 in the snout. Lateral line concurrent with the
back to the caudal spine. Color in alcohol dark chocolate brown, and
with the edge of the caudal narrowly margined with white, a black
No.1296. JAPANESE CHATODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. DIO
spot at the base of the last soft dorsal rays on the caudal peduncle
above and a similar one at the base of the last anal rays below; edge
of the groove of the caudal spine black; lips black, outer portion of
the ventral rays blackish. Length 63; inches. Here described from
a specimen from Kotosho, Formosa.
This species is found in the Riukiu Islands, a specimen being in the
Imperial Museum from Miyakoshima. We have also two specimens
from Kotosho, Formosa, and of this or some closely related species
from Hawaii. The species may be known by the black blotch in the
axils of the dorsal and anal, in connection with the uniform blackish
coloration. In the description of Acanthurus nigroris no mention is
made of this very conspicuous character. It is not likely therefore
that Valencienneys’s fish belonged to the present species.
(A¢punctatus, two-spotted. )
13. ZEBRASOMA Swainson.
Zebrasoma SwAInson, Nat. Hist. Anim., II, 1839, p. 256 (velifer).
Scopas Kner, Novara Fische, 1865, p. 212 (scopas).
This genus differs from Zeuth7s in the short spinous dorsal of 4 or
5 graduated spines; soft dorsal high; snout short, projecting at an
angle. Asiatic seas.
(zebra, @@pa, body, from the cross-bands of the typical species.)
23. ZEBRASOMA FLAVESCENS (Bennett).
Acanthurus flavescens BENNETT, Zool. Journal, [V, 1828, p. 40 (yellow form).
Acanthurvs flavescens GintueER, Fische Sudsee, I, 1873, p. 116, pl. uxxv1; Tahiti
(probably not of Bennett).
Acanthurus rhombeus Kirriirrz, Mus. Senckenberg, I, 1834, p. 196, pl. xin, fig. 16.
Acanthurus scopas Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 245, pl.
cexc; Ile de France, Ulea.—BLerker, Natur. Tydschr. Nederl. Ind., 1851,
p. 348.—GuicHENoT, Sagra Hist. Cuba, 1851, p. 122 (Cuba by error).—
GuntHer, Cat. Fish, III, 1861, p. 342; Ceram, Sandwich Islands, Aneitum.
Acanthurus altivelis Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 249; Ile
de France.
Head 33; depth 1%. D. V—24; A. III, 19; P. I-14; V. I, 5. Body
deep, compressed, and covered with minute rough scales. Head long,
oblique; snout much produced, very concave above; eye high, 35 in
the snout, 43 in the head, and 1? in the interorbital space; nostrils
small, close together, directly in front and below the middle of the
eye: interorbital space flat, bones on top and sides of head, except
the cheeks, striated; mouth small, lips thin; teeth with denticulate
edges. Gill-opening short, almost as long as the snout; gill rakers
few and very short. Origin of dorsal over that of pectoral, and just a
trifle behind the eye; spinous dorsal graduated to the last spine, which
is the longest, though not equal to the longest rays, and covered for the
most part with rather thick skin; soft dorsal rounded to the last rays,
which are the shortest; anal graduated to the third spine, which is the
556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL, XXV.
longest, covered with thick skin, and not equal to the highest anal
rays which are about the middle of the fin; pectoral much longer than
the head; ventral below pectoral and equal to two-thirds its length;
‘audal slightly convex, the corners sharp. Space before spine on the
caudal peduncle covered with a tract of short, stiff, bristle-like spines.
Caudal spine sharp, strong, and equal to the eye. Caudal peduncle
compressed, not thick, and 3 in the head. Color pale brown (some-
times bright lemon yellow), a silvery streak from gill-opening above
pectorals on the sides. Length 7°; inches. Described from an example
from Okinawa of the brown variety called Zebrasoma rhombeum.
Of this species we have received one specimen, typical of Acanthurus
scopas, from Nafa in Okinawa, where it was collected by Yonekichi
Koneyama.
The form known as Zebrasoma flavescens, bright lemon yellow in
color, found at Hawaii, is considered by Dr. Giinther as an albino
form of Zebrasoma rhombeum. On comparison of our specimen with
those from Hawaii, we find no difference whatever except in color.
Probably the typical jlavescens is found in deep water, the variety
rhombeum living near the shore. Such variations from brown to yel-
low are found in Siganus, Pelor, Antennaréus. and other genera.
(flavescens, growing yellow.)
14. XESURUS Jordan and Evermann.
Nesurus JORDAN and Evermann, Check-list Fishes, 1896, p. 421 (punctatus).
Teeth in 1 row, each 5-lobed; caudal peduncle armed with 3 or 4
large bony plates, placed in a right line, each one with a bluntish, non-
serrated keel. Ventral rays 1,5. Dorsal with 8 or 9 spines; anal with
3. This venus is close to Prionurus Lacépéde, differing chiefly in the
character of the caudal armature, the plates in Pr/onurus being small,
sharper, serrated, and 6 in number, besides a smaller plate below and
one above.
(Séo1s, scraping; ovpa, tail.)
24. XESURUS SCALPRUM (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
NIZA, NISADAI.
Acanthurus scalprum Lanesporr, Ms.
Prionurus scalprum Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 298;
Japan.—ScH.LeceL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 129, pl. txxx; Nagasaki.—Giin-
THER, Cat. Fish, III, 1861, p. 347; Japan.—SremnpacHNer and D6ODERLEIN,
Fische Japans, III, 1884, p. 38; Tokyo.—Nysrrom, Svensk, Vet. Handl.,
1887, p. 37; Nagasaki.—IsHikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 34; Boshu.—JorDAN
and Snyper, Check-List, 1901, p. 91; Yokohama.
Naseus scalprum BuEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Nederl., VIII, Japan, VI, 1860,
p. 79; Nagasaki.
Etroplus! fumosus Brevoorr, Exped. Japan, 1856, p. 264, pl. v1, fig. 1; Nafa, Riu
kiu Islands (Young called Sumikakuwo, soot-fish) .
'This name has been misquoted ‘‘Hisgilus,”’ but Etsgilus is a misprint and does not
occur in Breyoort’s paper.
no. 1296. JAPANESE CHA; TODONTIDA—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 5D7T
Head 33; depth 2. D. [X—22; A. III-21 or 23; P. I-16; V. I-5.
Body elliptical and compressed, skin fine velvety. Head small, longer
than deep; eye high, 4 in head, 2% in the snout and 14 in interorbital
space; snout concave, produced, but the upper profile of the head
convex over the eyes; mouth small, terminal, and below the middle of
the head; teeth with denticulate margins, the jaws subequal; anterior
nostrils below the middle, and half the eye from its anterior margin,
and the posterior a nearly horizontal slit between; interorbital space
convexly flattened; angle of preoperculum very obtuse. Gill-opening
very oblique, gill rakers short. Spinous dorsal more or less embedded
in skin, its origin over that of the pectoral, the middle and last spines
the highest, and much longer than the soft dorsal rays, which become
gradually smaller to the last; anal spines graduated to the third, which
is the longest though not as long as the longest anterior rays of the
soft anal; the soft anal is similar to the soft dorsal; pectoral smaller
than the head; origin of dorsal below the fifth dorsal spine, extending
to the base of the second anal spine, and equal to two-thirds the length
of the pectorals; caudal emarginate, the lobes pointed. Caudal
peduncle rather thick, deeper than broad, and not quite equal to the
eye. Sides of caudal peduncle with a single series of 4 bony bucklers,
each with a produced median keel, compressed, extending outward,
and largest on the last. Lateral line high, arched, and concurrent
with the back. General color dusky brown in alcohol, the bases of
the first 3 bucklers on the caudal peduncle blackish brown; the edges
of the fins dark, except the very narrow white edge of the caudal,
otherwise plain. Total length 9 inches.
Here described from Nagasaki specimens. In very young speci-
mens from Misaki the body is very deep; the depth 13 the length;
the highest part of the fin rays very high; the general color dark livid
brown; dorsal and anal very dark, the soft fins broadly edged with
white; caudal and caudal peduncle light, shaded with dark at its base;
pectorals dark; skin smooth. In still smaller specimens the body is
deeper, 13 in the length, the second dorsal spine as long as the pectoral
and very much higher than the rest of the fin, and the body furnished
with many vertical striz; the trunk marked with narrow vertical
bands.
This fish is rather common about rocky headlands in southern Japan.
Our specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, and Wakanoura. From the
tide-pools of Misaki we have a very large series showing the stages of
growth of the young. These are more or less yellowish in color, the
fins, except caudal and pectoral, dusky. The caudal is yellow, with a
black crossbar at its base.
The species can be known from the young of other Acanthur/de by
the number of its ventral rays, anal spines, and the soft rays of its
dorsal and anal.
(scalprum, a sharp knife.)
558 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX¥.
ee eS SS ee
15. ACANTHURUS Forskal.
Acanthurus ForskAt, Deser. Anim., 1775, p. 59 (unicornis).
Monoceros SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 186 (biaculeatus).
Naso Lackprpr, Hist. Nat. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 106 (fronticornis).
Nasonus RaFiNesque, Anal. Nature, 1815, substitute for Naso.
Priodon (Cuvier) Quoy and Gaimarp, Voy. Uranie, Zool., 1824, p. 377 (annulatus).
Naseus Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., IT, 1829, p. 224 (fronticornis).
Priodontichthys Bonaparte, Destrib. Metod. Anim. Vest., 1833, p. 34 (annulatus).
Keris! Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 304 (anginosus).
Body oblong, compressed, covered with small roughish scales; tail
with two large immovable, bony keeled plates, these entirely wanting
in young examples. Head in the adult with the forehead prominent,
developing a very long bony horn above the eyes, the horn wanting
in the young; teeth small in one series, slightly compressed incisors,
usually with serrate edges. Ventral fins incomplete, the rays I, 3.
Dorsal with 5 or 6 spines; anal with 2 spines, the small first spine
wanting. Intestinal canal elongate. Herbivorous fishes of the East
Indian and Polynesian seas, some of them remarkable for the bony
frontal projection, and for the large ornate caudal spines.
We separate from Acanthurus the genera called Callicanthus” and
Awxinurus® (thynnoides). The three groups may be provisionally
defined as follows:
a. Forehead with an elongate, tapering, subcylindrical horn in the adult; tail with
two bony plates; teeth small, serrulate..-.---------------------- Acanthurus.
aa. Forehead without subcylindrical horn; the snout with or without a compressed
crest.
b. Tail with two bony plates; dorsal spines 5 or 6; teeth serrulate.. Callicanthus.?
bb. Tail with one bony plate; dorsal spines 4; teeth entire-.---------- Axvinurus.®
It seems to us that the generic name Acanthurus is available for the
genus rather than the later name, J/onoceros. The genus Acanthurus
as founded by Forskal includes this genus and Zeuthis. The first spe-
cies named by Forskal, wnécornis being taken as its type, Acanthurus
becomes equivalent to Monoceros. If we follow the rule of allowing
subsequent authors to fix the type, Acanthurus becomes, of course, a
synonym of Teuvth/s, and the present genus must be called Monocerus.
(axavia, spine; ovpa, tail.)
1'The definition of the supposed genus Keris applies to the young of Neswrus.
(Ventral rays I, 5; anal spines 3.) But the figure of Keris anginosus does not sup-
port the description, and the number of fin rays shows it to be the young of some
Acanthurus.
2Cullicanthus Swainson, Class. Fishes, II, 1839, p. 256 (elegans).
3A4vinurus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 225 (thynnoides).
no. 1296. = JAPANESE CH ETODONTIDE—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 559
25. ACANTHURUS UNICORNIS (Forskal).
TENGUHAGI (LONG NOSED SCRAPER) IKKAKUHAGI (ACUTE ANGLE
SCRAPER).
Chetodon unicornis ForskAL, Descr. Anim., 1775, p. 63; Red Sea.
Aspisurus unicornis RéPPELL, Atlas Fische, 1828, p. 60; Red Sea.
Naseus unicornis Gixruer, Cat. Fish, III, 1861, p. 348; Frankland I., Red Sea,
Aneitum, Ceylon.
Monoceros unicornis JORDAN and Snyper, Check-List, 1901, p. 91; Misaki.
Monoceros biaculeatus ScHNEtER, Syst. Ichthy., 1801, p. 180, pl. xum (after
Forskal). .
Monoceros raii SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 1801, p. 181 (after Monoceros piscis Wil-
loughby ).
Naso fronticornis LAckPrEDE, Hist. Poiss., III, 1802, p. 105, pl. xu, fig. 2; Ile de
France.
Naseus fronticornis CuvIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 259; Ile
de France, Waigiou, Guam, Sandwich Islands, Red Sea, Otaiti—ScuLecet,
Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 129, pl. xix; Nagasaki.
?Keris anginosus Cuvier and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Poiss., X, 1835, p. 304; no
locality: Ds Vall, 26; A. I 28 Voi, 5.
Naseus longicornis Cuvier, Guérin, Icon. Poiss., 1830-44, pl. xxxv, fig. 3; Ile de
France.
Herspurus monoceros Forster, Deser. Anim., Ed. Licht., 1844, p. 219.
Acronurus xgyptius GRonow, Syst., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 191; Red Sea (after Has-
selquist ).
Acronurus corniger Gronow, Syst., Ed. Gray, 1854, p. 192; Red Sea (after
Forskal).
ead. depth: 24... D:-V-29; Ac 1-98: P. T-17:.V: 1-3. Body
ovate, deep in front, compressed and fine, velvety, becoming rough in
front of the caudal. Head long, the forehead with a long, produced
horn, directed forward from the upper part of the eye; snout long,
with the upper profile straight, long; eye 3 in the frontal spine, 4 in
snout, and 53 in head; mouth small, the snout produced; nostrils one-
half an eye diameter in front of eye and about level with its middle;
gill-opening very long, longer than the snout. Origin of the dorsal
over the gill-opening, behind the spines shorter than the longer rays,
the edge straight and ending in a point; anal spines short, the rays
equal, the edge straight and ending in a point; pectorals in front of
the dorsal equal to the frontal spine; ventrals in front of the pectorals,
the spines sharp and thick, 1¢ in snout; caudal compressed, the margin
straight and the lobes produced into long filaments. Sides of caudal
peduncle with two large compressed bucklers hooked forward. Lat-
eral line very high and concurrent with the back. Color (dried) plain
brown. Here described from a large dried specimen from Nagasaki.
In the young, known by the number of the fin rays, the bony horn is
wanting, and in the very young there is no trace of caudal plates.
Specimens from Honolulu seem to agree perfectly with the one from
Nagasaki.
This species, very abundant and widely diffused through the Indian
560 PROCEEDINGS OF TIE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
region and Polynesia, is rare in Japan, the adult only taken in the
southern islands, the young extending in the Kuro Shiwo, to the rock
pools as far north as Tokio. In our collection is one very large spec-
imen from Nagasaki, a smaller one from Kiusiu, anda still smaller
one from Misaki. This latter has no frontal spine and no caudal
plates. This species is subject to very great variation with age. ,
Ny in.
/__-—
Fic. 3.—SHOULDER GIRDLE OF ANTIGONIA RUBESCENS.
a actinosts. pf pectoral fin.
cl clavicle. pg pelvic girdle.
hye hypereoracoid. pot posttemporal.
hype hypocoracoid. sel supraclavicle.
pel postelavicle. of ventral fin.
part of the hypocoracoid is connected to the clavicle by a rather short
dentate suture. A thin crest springs from the posterior edge of the
hypocoracoid and curving backward forms a small channel behind it.
About half of the hypercoracoid is above the hypocoracoid and half
above the lower lamina of the clavicle. The opening through its cen-
ter is large.
no.1297. THE OSTEOLOGY OF THE CAPROID FISHES—STARKS. 571
There are four short actinosts, the upper one the shortest. They
are but sightly constricted at their middles. Three are borne by the
hypercoracoid; one by the hypocoracoid.
The first upper short spine or simple ray of the pectoral works
directly upon a condyle on the hypercoracoid.
The postelavicle is a single long spine curving downward toward the
ventrals. Its upper ened has a thin bony lamina developed above and
below. It is firmly attached to the clavicle above.
PELVIC GIRDLE.
The opposite sides of the pelvic bones are suturally attached to each
other. They send a long slender spine forward between the hypo-
coracoids and the clavicles. The spine fails to reach the anterior edge
of the clavicles by some distance. A shorter, thicker spine runs for-
ward below and at a slight angle with the upper one nearly to the
lower end of the hypocoracoid. ‘Scotland.
ophirensis, new SPCClCSies cee seeeece fessissere eh leer Sannin ae Utah.
ophirensis rugosus, new variety.-.--|.----- ------ ee Sessler
ovalis, new species ....-.-----------]------|------ eee x Quebec.
parvula Wallerius ....-.----++-++++--]-++--+ a etree erate ots Sweden.
primeva, New species ...----------- iat seme ee ee ne |r Nevada.
pyavidicula White .....-..-----------|---+++|-2++-- a eee Idaho, Montana, Nevada.
sabring Calloway. ...<----5---sen--=|-- -=-e|--=--- dc} dle eee England.
sagittalis Salter .....--.-..2----+----|------ Qo Weeesea eu -.. North and South Wales, Sweden,
Denmark, New foundland, Quebee.
sagiltalis magna Mé PUG W ae weraie'a(ales ela anle = eee eter arses New Brunswick.
sagittalis taconica Walcott ...-.----- KO See Fe per sses laeceors New York.
sagittalis transversa Hartt....-.-.---|------ Sow Neco etal eee New Brunswickand Newfoundland.
schialensei, NeW Species......------|------ 1 SCA eee? ore Eee Sweden, Denmark.
seebachi, NeW Species .....----------|------|+---=- Saar erm acd Norway.
signalis, MEW Species....------------|------ Homie du sehr scores Wisconsin.
socialis v. Seebach. -.-....--..------|------ 1X, | eects tee = Sweden.
subconica Kutorga............------|------ |e aie eres ere fs eorst=
ACROTRETA ARGENTA, new species.
The material representing this species is more or less er ushed and
broken in the shaly sandstone and limestone, but a few specimens
show its general form and characters. It belongs to the A. ¢dahoensis
eroup in having a wide false a strongly toadead apical callosity,
and foraminal tube. The ete in the posterior portion of the
brachial valve is also characteristic of the two species.
The cast of an interior of the pedicle valve reveals what I have
searched for unsuccessfully in hundreds, if not thousands, of speci-
mens of this genus. I refer to the visceral area with the position of
the point of attachment of the central and late ‘al muscles on each side
of it, essentially as in Obolella and Obolus.
NO. 1299. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA— WALCOTT. 581
Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, 2 miles southeast and
1 mile southwest of summit of Benders Pass, Silver Peak Range,
Nevada. F. B. Weeks, collector, 1900.
ACROTRETA BAILEYI Matthew.
Acrotreta baileyi Marrnew, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, III, 1886, p. 36, pl. v,
fig. 13.—Ha.u and Ciarkes, Pal. New York, VIII, 1892, Pt. 1, p. 102, pl. 1,
fi
gs. 32-34.—MarrHeEw?, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, IX, 1892, p. 43, pl. xm,
fig. 7d. Referred to A. bisecta.
Acrotreta bisecta Mattuew, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, IV, 1902, Pt. 5,
p. 395, pl. xvi, figs. 1, la-d.
General outline transversely oval, with the posterior margin more
or less straight for less than one-half the transverse diameter of the
shell. On the pedicle valve the posterior margin is rounded in at the
median furrow of the false area, and on the brachial valve it curves
gently from the cardinal slopes to the beak.
The pedicle valve is strongly convex, with the apex about one-
fourth the length of the valve from the posterior margin. The
crushed condition of the shells does not permit of decision as to
whether the umbo or the apex is the most elevated part of the valve.
False area defined by the incurving of the cardinal slopes so as to
form a somewhat flattened triangular space that is divided midway by
a rather strong vertical furrow. Foraminal aperture rather large and
opening obliquely backward. The brachial valve is gently convex,
with a minute marginal beak.
Surface of shell marked by fine concentric striz and lines of growth,
and possibly by fine radiating strie. I fail to find any traces of the
‘adiating striz on specimens that have not been distorted by pressure,
and it looks as though all radiating striz and lines are the result of
lateral compression of the shell. The average length is about 3.5 mm.
and the width 4mm. Distorted shells give a length of 4mm. anda
width of 3 mm.
The cast of the interior of the pedicle valve shows a strong apical
callosity, a fair-sized foraminal tube, large cardinal scars, and a small
visceral areain front of theapicalcallosity. Dr. G. F. Matthew describes
and shows on his illustration two *‘ minute muscular scars” close to the
‘Sumbonal tubercle” and on each side of the parallel striz.' I find on
one specimen what may have led Dr. Matthew to believe there were
such sears, but on many others quite as well preserved there were none
such, and they are not known in any other species of the genus.
Messrs. Hall and Clarke examined Dr. Matthew’s type material, and
say that with the original material before them they were unable ** to
distinguish anything more than the central callosity.” °
1Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, III, p. 36, pl. v, fig. 13c.
4Pal. New York, VII, Pt: 1, 11892; p. 102-
58Y PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The cast of the interior of the brachial valve shows a strong median
ridge of variable length and size, large cardinal scars, and well-defined
central scars.
Observations.—Vhis species belongs with the series represented by
A, sagittal’s and its varieties, and if uncompressed, nondistorted, well-
preserved specimens could be obtained, it is quite possible that it would
prove to be identical with A. sagittalis transversa. Dr. Matthew thinks
it had a thinner shell; but that is not probable, as the apical callosity
and cardinal scars of the pedicle valve, and the median ridge, cardinal
and central scars of the brachial valve all indicate a shell quite as thick
as that of A. sag/ttal/s and varieties.
Dr. G. F. Matthew kindly sent me the type and study material of
this species from his private collection.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Long Reach, Kings
County, New Brunswick.
ACROTRETA BISECTA Matthew.
Acrotreta baileyi MatrHew?, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, IX, 1892, p. 48, pl. xm,
fig. 7d.
Acrotreta bisecta MatTrHew, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, IV, 1900, p. 275,
pl. v, figs. 5a-¢; IV, Pt. 5, 1902, p. 394, pl. xvi, figs. 2, 2a—v.
Nearly all the pedicle valves of this species are more or less com-
pressed in the shale, thus decreasing the true elevation. Mr. Matthew
illustrates a pointed high pedicle valve, but does not say whether the
figure is diagrammatic. Some of the casts in the shale indicate a
sharply conical pedicle valve. When the apex is broken off, the cast
of a medium apical callosity is seen, with the base of the cast of a
medium-sized pyramidal tube; the cardinal scars are smal] and nearly
concealed by the cast of the strong main vascular sinuses. There is
considerable range of variation in the size and length of the median
ridge of the brachial valve. One specimen shows a strong median
ridge, cardinal and central scars, and deeply excavated false deltidium.
Surface marked by fine concentric striz and lines of growth and very
fine undulating strie that give the concentric striz a fretted appear=
ance when examined with a strong lens.
The most nearly related species appears to be A. sabrine of the
Shineton shales.
Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Barrachois Glen, 4 miles
south of Little Bras D’Or Lake. Mr. Matthew’s types came from
McLeod Brook, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and he also identifies it
from Div. C, 3c, at Navy Island, St. John Harbor, New Brunswick.
Mr. 8S. Ward Loper found many specimens of several horizons in the
shales on both sides of Barrachois River, near the Boisdale road, and
for some distance north; also on the east branch of the Barrachois
River, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
NO. 1299. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA— WALCOTT. 583
ACROTRETA CLAYTONI, new species.
The material representing this species does not give sufficient data
to prepare a detailed description. The only pedicle valve is depressed
by compression in the shale; it is transversely broad oval in outline,
with the posterior margin nearly straight for a distance of two-fifths
of the diameter of the valve; the false area fairly well defined by the
abrupt incurving of the cardinal slopes; its median furrow is distinctly
outlined, and it slopes forward to the apex, which is situated about
two-fifths the distance from the posterior margin to the front margin.
Foraminal aperture minute and directed upward from the extreme
apex of the valve. Brachial valve gently convex. Surface of shell
marked by fine concentric striz and lines of growth, and very fine,
irregular, undulating strie that can be seen only by the aid of a strong
lens. =
A partial cast of a brachial valve from the same faunal horizon,
about 30 miles distant, shows a well-defined median ridge and cardinal
scars.
This species is most nearly related to A. primeva of the upper
Olenellus fauna, at Pioche, Nevada. It differs in having a less elevated
pedicle valve and the most advanced position of the apex and foraminal
aperture. All the five specimens known are also smaller than the
average of A. primeva, the largest being 3 mm. in width and 2.5 mm.
in length.
Formation and locality.—Lower Cambrian shales, with Olene//us, on
the divide between Clayton and Fish Lake valleys, north of Red
Mountain, Silver Peak Range; also, 2 to 5 miles south of Barrel
Spring and one-half mile east of road as shown on the map of the Sil-
ver Peak quadrangle, Nevada.
ACROTRETA CONCENTRICA, new species.
Shell small, outline subcircular to transversely broad oval; apex of
pedicle valve nearly concentric; false area indicated by a slight flatten-
ing of the valve on the posterior side and a distinctly marked but
very narrow median furrow. The elevation of the valve is about one-
half its diameter. The brachial valve is slightly convex, and its cast
is marked by small cardinal scars and a narrow median ridge that
extends to the anterior third of the shell. A pedicle valve is 1.25 mm.
in diameter, and one brachial valve is 2 mm. in length.
This species occurs at about the horizon of A. kutorgaz, but is dis-
tinguished from that species and all others by the concentric position
of the apex of the pedicle valve.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, shaly limestones on
roadside between Dalton and Lafayette, Georgia.
584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
ACROTRETA CONULA, new species.
Shell small. Pedicle valve excentrically cone-shaped, with a broadly
ovate transverse aperture. The apex is situated at the posterior
fourth of the distance between the front margin and the posterior
edge of the slightly indicated false area. A minute pedicle aperture
occurs at the summit of the apex. Brachial valve convex with the
minute beak at the posterior margin. The cast shows a well-defined
median ridge with the central muscle scars well back on the valve.
Surface marked by fine concentric striz and lines of growth.
Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Olenus truncatus zone,
Oland, Sweden.
ACROTRETA CONVEXA, new species.
Shell small, subcircular, valves convex. Pedicle valve most elevated
at the low apex which is above the slightly transverse posterior mar-
gin. Brachial valve somewhat less convex than the pedicle valve,
with its greatest elevation at the posterior third beak, minute, mar-
ginal. Length and width of shell 1 mm. Shell substance very thin
but not proportionally thinner than other larger forms. Surface
marked by fine concentric striz and lines of growth.
Casts of the interior of the pedicle valve show a minute apical cal-
losity and cardinal scars. The cast of the brachial valve has a long
median furrow and minute cardinal scars.
This minute shell occurs in a fine-grained sandstone interbedded in
the shales of the Upper Cambrian. It is characterized mainly by the
convexity of the brachial valve and the low pedicle valve.
Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, Gillis Hill, Salmon
River, 13 miles south of Marion Bridge, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.
Collected by Mr. S. Ward Loper.
ACROTRETA CURVATA, new species.
This is one of the so clearly defined species that it is possible to illus-
trate all that is known of it with the exception of the very fine con-
centric surface strive. It belongs with A. ¢dahoensés and other species
with a broad false area. It differs from described species in the
incurved apex of the pedicle valve and the general aspect of the two
valves.
Formation and locality.—Upper Cambrian, passage beds between
Cambrian and Ordovician near base of Pogonip limestone, Hamburgh
Ridge, Eureka District, Nevada.
ACROTRETA DEFINITA, new species.
The false pedicle groove is very distinct and also broader than that of
A. attenuata. The interior of the pedicle valve is beautifully shown
by casts. One of these shows the strong vascular sinuses, cardinal
nS eee
No, 1299. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA— WALCOTT. 585
scars, cast of apical callosity, and just in front of the latter two sheht
tubercles which may be the cast of depressions corresponding to the
foraminal pits of Acrothele. The cast of the brachial valve is also
very instructive in showing the area, cardinal scars, median ridge, and
central scars.
Observations.—This large fine species differs from its nearest ally,
A. ¢dahoensis, in the false area and the details of the arrangement of
the vascular markings and muscle scars of the interior of the valves.
The Idaho shells occur in a dark argillaceous shale and were collected
by Mr. Spence, of Paris, Idaho. The Eureka, Nevada, specimens are
from a shaly limestone.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, near Montpelier,
Idaho; summit of Prospect Mountain limestone, Prospect Mountain,
Eureka District, Nevada.
ACROTRETA GEMMA Billings.
Acrotreta gemma Briurnes, Pal. Foss., I, 1865, p. 216, figs. 201a-f.
Original description.—Shell very small, about 1 line in diameter: one valve nearly
flat and the other acutely conical. Dorsal valve very gently convex, nearly circu-
lar; sides and front margin uniformly rounded; posterior margin very obtusely
angulated at the beak, on each side of which a portion of the cardinal edge, equal to
one-fourth of the whole width of the shell, is nearly straight; umbo very small;
beak apparentiy depressed to the hinge line and not projecting beyond it; cardinal
angles compressed, broadly rounded; a wide, shallow, mesial sinus extends from the
front margin about halfway to the beak; elsewhere the valve is gently convex or
nearly flat.
Ventral valve acutely conical, with a flat triangular area which is perpendicular
to the plane of the lateral margin, its base half the width of the whole shell. In the
apex of this valve there is a minute circular aperture, and in one specimen a dark
line extends from it down the middle of the area, which appears to represent the
foraminal groove of this genus; but in two other specimens of the ventral valve, with
the area well preserved, there is no indication of a groove. Surface with very fine
concentric strive.
Width of dorsal valve, about 1 line; length, about seven-eighths of a line. The
height of the ventral yalve is about 1 line.
The form of this species is very like that of A. subconica (Kutorga), but that
species is twice the size of this and has the area distinctly grooved.
Observations.—By the courtesy of Prof. J. F. Whiteaves. of the
Geological Survey of Canada, I have had the opportunity of studying
the type material of this species. Nine specimens of the pedicle valve
were received, but none of the brachial valve, as they could not be
found. One specimen in a dove-colored limestone appears to belong
to a distinct species, which I have named Acrotreta ovalis. The remain-
ing specimens show some variation in the angle of slope of the sides of
the pedicle valve, but four of them are similar to the form illustrated
by Billings.
The broad false area with a scarcely perceptible impression of the
path of advance of the pseudodeltidium is clearly shown in one of the
586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
specimens, and faintly in others. Two shells have the apex broken off
so as to expose the cast of a minute apical callosity and a small portion
of the side of the cast of the main vascular sinus.
A. gemma belongs to the A. subconica group of the genus, having a
high pedicle valve and distinct and broad false area. It differs from
AA. subconica in having a less elevated pedicle valve and in the apex
being in front of the posterior margin instead of extending over it.
With the forms from the Rocky Mountains that I identified with it there
are no strong specific relations. A. attenuata has a high pedicle valve,
but the false area is practically absent, a narrow deep sulcus taking its
place. A. ¢dahoensis alta has the elevation and false area, but differs
in the details of the area and the outline of the cross section of the
pedicle valve. It was this form that led me to consider that 4. gemma
occurred in Nevada, and with the slight knowledge that I then had of
the genus and species a wide range of form was given to A. gemma.
As far as now known to me, the species is restricted to the type
locality.
Formation and locality.—Lower Ordovician, limestone, North
Table Head and Pistolet Bay; limestone point 4 miles northeast of
Portland Creek, Newfoundland.
ACROTRETA GRACIA, new species.
Shell small, slightly transverse; apex of pedicle valve about one-
third the length of the shell from the posterior margin; height about
two-thirds the length of the shell; false area defined by the sharp
rounding of the cardinal slopes and the transverse posterior margin,
which is indented by the strong, broad, median groove extending from
the margin to the apex, where it almost comes in contact with the
minute apical foramen. Brachial valve moderately convex, with a
nearly straight or gently curved posterior margin; beak minute, mar-
ginal. Surface of shell marked by fine concentric strive and lines of
growth. Shell strong, and built up of thin layers or lamelle that
over the central and anterior portions are more or less oblique to the
outer surface layer.
The cast of the pedicle valve indicates a small but very clearly
marked apical callosity; rather small cardinal scars and main vascular
sinuses. The cast of the interior of the brachial valve shows a broad,
low, median ridge extending to about the anterior third of the length
of the valve; small cardinal scars and small main vaseular sinuses that
arch inward after passing the central scars, and then outward. The
area is very narrow, and broken midway by a rather wide, slightly
arching false deltidium.
This species is distinguished by the strong shell, broad median ridge
of the brachial valve, and deep median groove of the false area of the
pedicle valve. The light color of the shell may be owing to the char-
NO. 1299. JAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA— WALCOTT. 587
acter of the limestone in which it is preserved, or it may be that it is
a little more calcareous than other species of the genus.
Dr. G. F. Matthew describes and illustrates an Acrotreta from
Hastings Cove as Linnarssonia belti magna that is characterized by a
narrow median ridge in the brachial valve and other characters not
present in 4. gracta. I found on Hanford Brook in the /’arodoxides
zone numerous examples of a species of Acrotreta that appear to be
identical with the form described by Mr. Matthew, and have referred
it as a variety of Acrotreta sagittalis.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, Paradoxides zone,
Hastings Cove, Kennebecasis River, St. John County, New Brunswick.
ACROTRETA IDAHOENSIS, new species.
Acrotreta subconica MEEK, Sixth Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr., 1873, p. 463.
Not Kutorga, 1847.
The general outline, form, and convexity of the two valves are so fully
shown by the illustrations for the monograph that detailed descriptions
will not be given. The material for illustrating the interior of the ped-
icle valve is limited, but one cast shows the position of the base of the
cast of the foraminal tube and the large main vascular sinuses. An
interior of abrachial valve presents characters rarely seen in this genus.
The vascular canals arch out around the central muscle scars and then
bend in toward the median ridge, and again obliquely outward to form
the outer limit of a smooth, polished, lanceolate-shaped surface that
extends obliquely outward from the median ridge. The line that extends
from in front of the cardinal scars forward subparallel to the margin of
the shell and then bends abruptly in and forward is apparently the outer
boundary of a very broad, shallow, vascular sinus. Something of this
same character occurs in the brachial valve of Obolus (Lingulobulus)
spissus. The cardinal scars are small and situated close to the narrow
area. A cast of the interior shows the central scars distinctly; also
the presence of a thickening of the shell in the vicinity of the cardinal
scars.
Observations.—The external characters of this species suggest Acro-
treta curvata, bat the elevation and curvature of the pedicle valve are
not the same and the interior of the brachial valve is very distinct in
its specific characters. There are no interiors of the form from the
Black Hills, but the external characters appear to be the same. These
include the broad false area, with its slightly marked groove, the posi-
tion of the apex, and the curvature of the false area.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Five miles southeast
of Malad City, Idaho. Northwest suburb of Deadwood, Black Hills,
South Dakota. South side of Gallatin Valley, in several sections of
Flathead and Gallatin terranes; also Crowfoot section, Gallatin Range,
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
ACROTRETA IDAHOENSIS ALTA, new variety.
This is one of the forms that I included with Acrotreta gemma in the
report on the paleontology of the Eureka District, Nevada. It has the
broad false area of A. /dahoensis, but the pedicle valve is more elevated
and the apex does not overhang the false area. From A. attenvata it
differs in having a broad false area.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, upper portion of
Secret Canyon shales, Secret and New York canyons, Eureka District,
Nevada.
ACROTRETA IDAHOENSIS SULCATA, new variety.
This strongly marked pedicle valve is associated with typical forms
of the species, but in its rounded posterior side and strong median
groove it is quite distinct. The apex is broken off so as to show the
cast of a small apical callosity and the base of a minute foraminal tube.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, near Paris, Idaho.
Collected by Mr. Spence.
ACROTRETA INFLATA Matthew.
Lingulella? inflata Matruew, Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, III, 1886, p. 33, pl. vy,
figs. 7, 7a; Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIV, 1895, p. 127, pl. v, fig. 3.
Lingulella? inflata var. ovalis Matrnew, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIV, 1895,
p. 127, pl. v, fig. 4.
Acrothyra? inflata Marraew, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, IV, 1901,
p- 303.
Lingulella ( Acrothyra?) inflata Marrrew, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick,
IV, 1902, Pt. 5, p. 390.
Shell subcircular to transversely broad oval. Pedicle valve sub-
conical, with the apex directed backward and usually on a line with
the posterior margin, or extending beyond it, but it may be ante-
rior to it; false area slightly defined by the abrupt curvature of
the cardinal slopes; median line depressed, narrow, the two sides of
the false area incurving to form to it; foraminal aperture longitudi-
nally oval and slightly truncating the apex. Brachial valve gently
convex, with a minute marginal beak. Surface of shell marked by
concentric striz and growth lines, and fine, irregular, wavy striz that
inosculate more or less, giving the surface a fretted appearance under
a strong lens. The inner surface is marked by concentric lines, also
rather strong radiating lines. The shell is built up of the thin, outer.
ornamented surface and several thin inner layers or lamelle. The
average length of the pedicle valve is + mm. and the width 3 to 3.5
mm. The brachial valves are usually wider than long.
Casts of the interior of the pedicle valve show strong cardinal scars,
a strong apical callosity, and rather weakly developed main vascular
sinuses. The apical callosity varies in size and in form from elongate
oval to subcircular. The cast of the interior of the brachial valve
_
oa - "MPA «
ae TA FSi
=
=
e
ie
No. 1299. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA—WALCOTT. 589
shows a broad, short median ridge posteriorly that extends beyond
the center of the valve.
Observations.—TVhis species appears to be a true Acrotreta with the
apical callosity elongated by the elongation of the pedicle valve. The
brachial valve is more convex than in most species of Acrotreta, which
gives a stronger relief to the ridges on the cast between the cardinal
scars and the median ridge. The posterior view should be compared
with the same view of the brachial valve of Acrotreta sagittal/s and its
varieties. The fretted surface is of the same type as that of several
other species of the genus.
Dr. G. F. Matthew had very little material when he described the
species; subsequently he created the variety ova/7s, from a more elon-
gated pedicle valve. In the collection made for the U.S. National
Museum by Mr. S. Ward Loper there are a number of pedicle and
brachial! valves. The range of variation in outline appears to cover
the variety ova/7s. Some are more transverse than the original type
of the species, and others nearly as elongate as the variety ova/is. I
have therefore considered the variety as within the original species.
Some of the shells show elongation, and others are broadened by
distortion.
- Dr. G. F. Matthew called attention to the resemblance of this species
to Linnarssonia and Acrotreta, and when describing the genus Acro-
thyra suggested that it might belong to that genus. It appears, how-
ever, to be a true Acrotreta. A series of specimens supplemented by
the types and a number of pedicle valves received from Dr. Matthew,
which he had provisionally identified as ** Acrotreta gemma Billt,”?*
show a rather remarkable variation in outline and position of the apex
of the pedicle valve. The narrow forms, var. ova/7s Matthew, have
the apex extended beyond the posterior margin, and in the broad forms
the apex is above or in advance of the posterior margin, but if the
shells are compressed vertically the apex may be pushed out over the
false area whether the shell be narrow or broad. I think that in the
normal form the false area is vertical or slightly inclined backward.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, division 1b of Mat-
thew’s section, Hanford Brook, New Brunswick.
ACROTRETA KUTORGAI, new species.
The external characters of the pedicle valve are clearly exhibited,
and what is known of the interior, by a unique specimen, as it is the
only one known to me that clearly shows the true area and pseudo-
deltidium of the pedicle valve. The corresponding portion of the
brachial valve is well defined in the casts. The median ridge is as
long proportionally as that of A. b7secta, and, like it, varies in length
and size in different shells.
‘Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIV, 1895, p. 126.
590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The outer surface is marked by fine concentric striz and lines of
growth.
Observations.—This pretty species occurs attached to the surface of
siliceous nodules in association with Olenoides curtice, Crepicephalus
tecanus, Acrothele bellula, and casts of Medusa. The outline of the
convexity of the valves and the posterior view of the pedicle valve is
most like that of A. attenuata, but the interior markings are quite
unlike.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian. Siliceous nodules in
Coosa shales, Coosa Valley, 3 miles south of Gadsden, and near Che-
pultepec on road near Wades Gap, Alabama. Rogersville shale,
Rogersville, and north and south of the town, Tennessee.
ACROTRETA MICROSCOPICA MISSOURIENSIS, new variety.
The shell is uniformly larger than the Texas shells and the vertical
median line of the false area is more depressed and distinct. Some of
the specimens of the pedicle valves beautifully illustrate the effects of
compression. One shell is like that of Acrotreta attenuata, and another
resembles the low form of A. opAirensis with the apex overhanging
the false area. The surface of the shells embedded in a very fine-
grained sandstone has a papillose surface resulting from the indenting
of the shell by the grains of sand, while those from limestone are
marked only by fine concentric striz.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, in sandstones of the
conglomerate series, St. Francois County, and in thin-bedded lime-
stones south-southwest of Potosi, Missouri.
ACROTRETA MICROSCOPICA TETONENSIS, new variety.
This neat little shell possesses the characters of A. mécroscopica and
A. ‘dahoensis, but differs from both by the projection of the apex of
the pedicle valve over the false area. AIl that is known of it is repre-
sented by the illustrations for the monograph.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, divide at head of Sheep
Creek, north end of Teton Range, Wyoming.
ACROTRETA MISER Billings.
Obolella ? miser Biturncs, Can. Nat. and Geol., new ser., VI, 1872, p. 470; Pal.
Rosset 874. Pinal psiod:
Linnarssonia misera Marruew, Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., III, 1886, p. 35, fig. 12.—
Haut and Cuarke, Pal. N. Y., VIII, 1892, Pt. 1, p. 108, pl. vim, figs. 35-37.
The abundant material that I collected of this species in Newfound-
land gives illustrations that present its characters with such fullness
and detail that minute description is unnecessary. Numerous figures
of the pedicle valve show variation in outline, also of the cast of the
apical callosity, cardinal scars, and base of main vascular sinuses.
Others well illustrate the interior of the brachial valve.
NO. 1299. CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA— WALCOTT. 591
The outer surface is marked by fine concentric striz and growth
lines, and the inner layers or lamelle by very fine radiating strive.
The minute foraminal aperture is on the back side of the apex, open-
ing almost posteriorly in some examples.
This is a small species averaging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. in length.
It occurs in immense numbers in limestone lentiles of the Para-
doxides davisi zone of Newfoundland. It is also very abundant at
Hastings Cove.
Formation and locality.—Middle Cambrian, paradoxides zone,
Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay; Manuels Brook, Avalon Peninsula, New-
foundland; Hastings Cove, Kennebecasis River, and Dr. G. F. Mat-
thew identified it at Porters Brook, St. Martins, St. John County, New
Brunswick.
ACROTRETA OPHIRENSIS, new species.
General outline transversely broad oval, sometimes nearly circular,
with the posterior margin slightly indented midway on the pedicle
valve by incurving to the false pedicle furrow. The pedicle valve is
convex and moderately elevated, the highest point being in front of
the foraminal aperture at about one-third the diameter of the shell.
Foraminal aperture large for the size of the shell and opening either
directly or obliquely backward. One specimen shows a short, narrow
area, with a triangular false pedicle furrow crossing it; false area
scarcely detined by the cardinal slopes, which incurve very gently;
median furrow well defined, rather strong, and nearly flat on the bot-
tom, the margins being sharply outlined in many specimens. The
shell sometimes curves over the false area so that the depressed apex
extends slightly beyond the posterior margin, but usually it is directly
on the line of the posterior margin or a little in front of it. Longi-
tudinal diameter of average size pedicle valve 3 mm., with a length
of 2 mm. to 2.5 mm.; elevation 1.5mm. A few shells have nearly
the same length and width. The convexity of the brachial valve
averages 0.75 mm. The minute beak of the brachial valve curves
down to the posterior margin from the somewhat elevated posterior
third of the valve.
Surface marked by fine concentric strive and marked lines of growth
whicn occasionally form concentric ridges. The shell is built up of a
chin outer layer and numerous thin inner layers or lamelle that are
oblique to the outer layer over the central and outer portions, the
obliquity increasing toward the outer anterior and lateral margins.
The interior of the pedicle valve shows a rather strong apical cal-
losity that extends nearly to the posterior inner margin of the shell;
distinct but relatively small cardinal scars, and narrow main vascular
sinuses that may be traced nearly to the antero-lateral margins of the
valve; the outlines of the visceral cavity are indicated on one well-
592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXvV.
preserved cast of the interior of the valve. The interior of the brachial
valve shows great variation in the size and length of the median ridge,
and cardinal and central scars. These characters are fully shown in
the numerous illustrations of the interior and casts of the interior of
the brachial valve.
Observations.—This species is most closely related to Dr. Giinther in his Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum, p. 532, calls
the clavicle of Parker the humerus, and in his Introduction to the Study of Fishes
he calls it the clavicula. In the catalogue he calls the hypercoracoid of Gill the
coracoid, and in the Study of Fishes the scapula.
4 Fishes of North and Middle America, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 47, p. 756.
°T put but little weight on this character, but give it for what it may be worth.
It is not an uncommon condition, especially among the lower fishes, while the
opposite seems to be the rule among the higher.
®Cope says: ‘‘Epiclavicle (=supraclavicle) not distinct.’? Systematic Relations
of Fishes, Proc. Amer. Asso. Ady. Sci., 1871.
TSaid by Cope to be ‘‘slender, furcate.”’
8Said by Cope to be ‘‘very much reduced.’ Cypselurus and Hyporhamphus
appeared to have small parietals, but maceration of the specimens proved the
contrary.
622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
the Gasterosteoidea). The Synentognaths are at once separated from
the Hemibranchs by the united inferior pharyngeals and the absence
of fin spines, as well as by numerous minor characters.
The Hemibranchs show relationship with the Percesoces' in having
the parapophyses developed on all the abdominai vertebra; in having
the supraclavicle, when present, small; in not having the exoccipitals
united above the basioccipital; and in having the'supraclavicle, when
present, reduced in size. /%stularia and Aulostomus have processes
running backward from the epiotics, which are strikingly similar to
the epiotic processes possessed by all the Percesoces. Though they
serve the same purpose (that of muscle attachments) in both, they are
somewhat different in character, being in the Percesoces processes
from and of the epiotics, while in the Aulostomoidea they are joined
by ligaments to the epiotics. The Hemibranchs easily stand apart
from the Percesoces in having no opisthotics and usually no parietals;
in having the post-temporals simple, not typically forked; and in hay-
ing the postciavicle composed of a single piece when present (com-
posed of two pieces in the Percesoces).
Dr. Gill in his excellent paper,’ though evidently having few inter-
nal characters at his command, has left little to be added in the arrange-
“ment of the Hemibranchiate famities.
Gasterosteus and closely related genera are the most generalized of
the Hemibranchs. They are the only ones in the group having the
following typical characters: Anterior vertebree unmodified; suspen-
sorium and mouth normal; ribs typical; post-temporal approaching
the normally forked condition, and parietals present (the last.a super-
family character. )
Dr. Gill* has pointed out how the tube-mouthed forms have de-
scended in an unbroken line from Gasterosteus through Spinachia and
the family Aulorhynchide, these constituting the superfamily Gas-
terostoidea.
The Gasterostidee and Aulorhynchidee should perhaps be regarded
as a single family, but following the lead of the above authority, they
are here kept separate, though the latter family is regarded ‘*‘ simply
as a convenient one at the most.”
Between the other families occur wider gaps, that are more or less
difficult to span.
The Fistularidee and Aulostomide are well placed in the same super-
family. They show in a marked degree how two families of undoubt-
edly close relationship having many characters in common can still
‘In each of these characters Sphyrena is excepted. It seems to be a very much
more generalized form than the other members of the Percesoces.
?On the Mutual Relations of the Hemibranchiate Fishes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1884, p. 154.
$Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 233.
sl det sce
no.1301. OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 623
diverge very widely and have many characters radically different, as
may be seen by referring to the diagnosis here included.’
It is more difficult to see just where the family Macrorhamphoside
comes in, whether it is higher than the Aulostomid fishes or has not
departed so far from its parent stem. It is an offshot in another
direction. It certainly is not so highly specialized as the Aulostomid
families with their anterior vertebre and parapophyses ankylosed;
their weak or absent spinous dorsal and their peculiarly modified
basioccipital condyle. It seems well placed above them, having a
well-developed spinous dorsal and the anterior vertebrae, but slightly
enlarged and normally articulated.
The family Centriscidee shows evidence of having come from some-
where along the Macrorhamphoside stem, but so far back and along
such different lines that the evidence is not satisfactory. It is much
more highly specialized.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE HEMIBRANCHII.
Opisthotics absent; parietals usually absent; exoccipitals never
meeting over surface of basioccipitals; myodome usually absent or
rudimentary, sometimes present; post-temporal never typically forked,
sometimes a ganoid plate with an inner process, sometimes united by
suture to cranium; a portion of the hypocoracoid sometimes ganoid,
and appearing externally as a separate element (** interclavicle”);
supraclavicle usually absent, small when present; postclavicle some-
times absent, composed of a single element when present; superior
pharyngeals and usually elements of branchial arches reduced in
number; inferior pharyngeals present, not united; four anterior ver-
tebrz more or less elongated, sometimes united; bony dorsal buck-
lers coinciding with vertebrae developed anteriorily (hidden by scales
in Macrorhamphosus); transverse processes developed on all abdomi-
nal vertebre, usually largest anteriorly (in the Aulostomoidea united,
and forming lateral shelves); snout more or less produced and tube-
like, with a small mouth at its end; ventrals abdominal, sometimes
anteriorly placed; hypocoracoid foramen sometimes formed partly by
clavicle, always bordered by clavicle as seen from outer side, though
hypercoracoid may or may not entirely inclose its foramen as seen
from within.
GASTEROSTEOIDEA.
Parietals present; pterotic normally placed above prootic exoccipi-
tal suture; condyle of basioccipital normal, concave; basis cranii or
shelf covering myodome incomplete, not nearly reaching to anterior
edge of prootics, but completed in cartilage; basisphenoid absent;
1Tt is this element of unstability in the coherence of characters that has made it so
difficult to assign many forms to their proper groups. We do not know in what
direction characters may be depended upon to show relationships.
624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
ganoid plate (‘‘interclavicle”) of hypocoracoid more or less devel-
oped; postclavicle absent; actinosts small, without open spaces
between; anterior vertebre scarcely enlarged, not ankylosed; ventrals
placed anteriorly; spinus dorsal represented by isolated spines; hyper-
coracoid foramen partly bordered by clavicle anteriorly; ribs devel-
oped.
a. Branchiostigals 3; ventrals with one soft ray each; snout conic, or but slightly
tubiform; post-temporal and supraclavicle present; typical ribs present.
Gasterosteide.
aa. Branchiostigals 4; ventrals with 4 soft rays each; snout tubiform; clavicle
attached to cranium by one of the lateral line series of bones; ribs (or
epipleurals) terminating in lateral plates.........------------2 Aulorhynchide.
AULOSTOMOIDEA.
Parietals absent; pterotic interposed between and entirely sepa-
rating prootic from exoccipital; condyle of basioccipital a round knob
forming a ball-and-socket joint with atlas; basisphenoid bridging ante-
rior edges of prootics above rectus muscles of eye making basis cranil
appear double, but no myodome is in continuation; a long splint-like
shield of bone is on each side of back attached in sockets of epiotics;
hypocoracoid with a backward extending process (‘‘interclavicle”);
postclavicle present, simple; lower 3 actinosts subequal rod-like, with
large open spaces between them; anterior 4 vertebre elongate, anky-
losed, and with coinciding bony dorsal bucklers above; ribs absent;
ventrals placed at about middle of belly.
a. Skin smooth; body depressed; no dorsal spines developed; post-temporal suturally
united to cranium; palatines normal, free from cranium; transverse processes
MOTI Al HS Me es SNS Se Chee os Be Ta anes Seale ocean ep eee eee Fistulariide.
aa. Skin with well-developed ctenoid scales; body compressed; spinous dorsal devel-
oped; post-temporal not united to cranium; palatines united to each other and
to cranium; each transverse process behind fourth vertebra is formed equally
by a process from each adjoining vertebra (or each end of each vertebra carries
a, halt‘of- cach transverse process: fesse ees Aulostomide.
MACRORHAMPHOSOIDEA.
Parietals absent; pterotic normal in position; condyle of basiocci-
pital concave; myodome present, well developed; basisphenoid small;
no process or ganoid part (interclavicle) present on hypocoracoid;
postclavicle present; actinosts without a space between them, the low-
est elongated cutting into the hypocoracoid; post-temporal suturally
united to cranium; supraclavicle coosified with clavicle; hypercoracoid
entirely surrounding its foramen; anterior vertebre somewhat
enlarged, not united; transverse processes not united to form a lateral
shelf; ribs absent; spinous dorsal well developed; ventrals placed at
middle of abdomen.
Characters of the family included above..............--------- Macrorhamphosidex.
abt... ttt ii
No.1301. — OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 625
CENTRISCOIDEA.
Dermal armature connate with the internal skeleton, and developed
as a dorsal cuirass in connection with the neuropophyses; six or
more anterior vertebree, extremely elongate, united; tail with its axis
deflected from that of the abdomen by encroachment of dorsal cuirass
over dorsal fin; branchial system feebly developed; parietals absent;
pterotics normally placed; condyle of basioccipital concave; myodome
absent; posttemporal united to cranium; supraclavicle present; fora-
men of hypercoracoid partly formed by clavicle; postclavicle present;
lower actinost elongated, cutting into hypercoracoid; no open spaces
between actinosts; ribs developed; ventrals at middle of belly; spinous
dorsal developed below posterior spine of dorsal cuirass.
amily characters included above: _21...22: .2:525.2-222_ 22.222... Centriscidex.
THE SHOULDER GIRDLE IN DETAIL.
>
THE **INTERCLAVICLES.’
The so-called interclavicles are here considered apart from the other
parts of the shoulder girdle for purposes of closer comparison.
They may have been of different origin from the hypocoracoids, but
if so they have lost all trace of ever having been a separate ossitica-
tion. We can no more consider them as separate elements than we
can divide other bones which are of both cartilaginous and dermal
origin, and call each part by a different name. It is not true, as has
been supposed, that all of the members of the order Hemib ranchii
have a differentiated part to the hypocoracoid.
In Gasterosteus the part termed interclavicle by Parker,’ as seen
externally, is the ganoid plate which bounds the lower edge of the
silvery area in front of pectoral. (A process from the clavicle bounds
it above.) It shows no sign of ever having been an ossification sepa-
rate from the hypocoracoid. It is attached to the clavicle above, arch-
ing away from it and attached again at its lower end, thus inclosing
an open space between. This is the typical arrangement of the hypo-
coracoid. The interclavicle may have been a plate of dermal bone
that has become fused with the cartilage bone of the hypocoracoid
beneath, but there seems to be no more necessity for giving it a sepa-
rate name than there is for giving a separate name to the ganoid proc-
ess from the clavicle.
In Avlorhynchus the lower outer edge of the hypocoracoid turns
over slightly and forms the ganoid line which shows externally along
the lower part.of the side in front of the pectoral. This can certainly
not be considered an interclavicle, and yet it differs but in degree from
the interclavicle of Gasterosteus.
In /istularia the interclavicle is the plate seen externally along the
side of the breast and belly. It is larger than in any other member
"Structure and Development of the Shoulder Girdle, Ray Society, London, 1867,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——-40
626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
of the group. It runs forward to the lower end of the clavicle and
attaches by simple suture, as the lower end of the hypocoracoid usually
does. Posteriorly it runs far backward. It appears as a process
from the hypocoracoid, there being no suture between them; ridges
and internal plates of bone are continuous between them. We can
but wonder why, if of dermal origin, it has not fused to the clavicle
as well as to the hypocoracoid, the former a bone supposed to be like
it, of dermal origin.
In Aulostomus there is a process extending backward from the hypo-
coracoid, which for most of its length is broken up into fine bristle-
like filaments. It does not appear at all externally.
In Macrorhamphosus there are no interclavicles, unless the series of
bony plates along the median line of the breast and belly be consid-
ered as such. They can certainly not be considered homologous with
the parts so termed in (/asterosteus and Fistularia.
In the new genus .Zoliscus Jordan and Starks, typified by Amphisile
strigata, there is no part homologous with the interclavicles of the
other forms, unless the posterior part of the hypocoracoid, which is
partly divided from the anterior part by the encroachment of the
lower actinost, be considered as such.
THe SHOULDER GIRDLE OF (GASTEROSTEUS CATAPHRACTUS.
GASTEROSTEID ®.,
The elements of the cranium are typical in number and arrangement
except the opisthotics are absent. The parietals are widely separated
by the supraocciptal. On the superior surface the epiotic articulates
to the supraoccipital, the parietal, and the pterotic. On the posterior
subvertical surface it articulates to the pterotic, the exoccipital, and
the supraoccipital.. The pterotics form the outer lower angle of the
cranium. The articular facets of the exoccipitals are on a level with
the middle of the basioecipital. The concave ‘* centrum,” of the basi-
occipital is exceedingly deep.
The post-temporal is a wide, nearly flat, ganoid bone, joined firmly
and broadly (but not by dentate or inflexible suture) to the epiotic
and pterotic. From its lower inner edge it sends a lower fork along
the under part of the pterotic to where that bone joins the exoccipital,
or to the place where the opisthotic typically is.
The supraclavicle is represented by a very small scale-like bone
which is interposed between the clavicle and post-tempo ‘al, but not
suspending the clavicle lower than it would be were it attached directly
to the post-temporal.
The upper end of the clavicle turns backward around the hypercora-
coid foramen. It shows exteriorly as a triangular ganoid plate behind
the post-temporal, bounding the upper part of the round, naked space
in front of the pectoral. The lower part of the clavicle runs obliquely
downward and forward.
xo.1301. OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 627
The hypocoracoid is attached broadly to the clavicle above, arches
away from it, and returns to its lower end, inclosing a triangular space.
Its lower ganoid part, the ‘* interclavicle,” is rough on the outer sur-
face, but not otherwise differentiated from the rest of the bone.
Fic. 1.—RIGHT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF GASTEROSTEUS CATAPHRACTUS FROM INNER SIDE AND HYPO-
CORACOID OF LEFT SHOULDER GIRDLE FROM OUTER SIDE. @, ACTINOSTS; .cl, CLAVICLE; hyoc, HYPO-
CORACOID; hypc, HYPERCORACOID; p, PECTORAL FIN; pt, POSTTEMPORAL, AND scl, SUPERCLAVICLE.
The hypercoracoid is assisted for a short space anteriorly by the
clavicle in inclosing the large hypercoracoid foramen.
The actinosts are very small, about as wide as long, and have no
openings between them. The lowermost one is attached to the hypo-
coracoid, the remaining three to the hypercoracoid,
628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
THE SHOULDER GIRDLE OF AULORHYNCHUS FLAVIDUS.
AULORHYNCHID®.
The posterior elements of the cranium resemble Gasterosteus in being
more typical in arrangement than in other examples of the order.
The pterotics form the outer lower angle of the cranium, and the
articulations of the epiotics are the same.
There is but a single plate joining the clavicle to the cranium. It
is one of the series of lateral line plates, bearing a tube continuous
with the lateral line sensory system, and it is in no way differentiated
from the rest of them. It is attached to the cranium over the pterotic
Fic. 2.—LEFT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF AULORHYNCHUS FLAVIDUS FROM OUTER SIDE. a, ACTINOSTS; cl,
CLAVICLE; hyoc, HYPOCORACOID; hypc, HYPERCORACOID; Wp, LATERAL LINE PLATES; p, POSTCLAVI-
CLE, AND pt, POSTTEMPORAL.
and the epiotic. Over its anterior end is a small bone bearing a
branched tube of the sensory system, which directs one branch along
the pterotic and another over the occipital region. It is typical in
shape and function of the supratemporal.
The upper part of the clavicle turns backward in a triangular proc-
ess as in Gasterosteus. The lateral line system of bones is attached
along its upper edge and is continued backward along the side of the
body. The lower part of the clavicle is slender and is inclined
obliquely downward and forward.
The hypercoracoid foramen is bounded for a very short space along
its anterior side by the clavicle,
xo.1301. OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 629
The hypocoracoid is a very slender, widely forked bone. Its upper
fork is attached above the middle of the clavicle, inclosing a large
triangular space between. Its outer lower edge turns over slightly
and forms the slender ganoid line along the lower part of the side in
front of the pectoral.
The actinosts are very small, semiquadrate, and without openings.
One and a half of them are attached to the hypocoracoid, two and a
half to the hypercoracoid.
THe SHOULDER GIRDLE OF AULOSTOMUS VALENTINI.
AULOSTOMID®.
The epiotocs are large, low, conical bones at each side of the supra-
occipital. Each articulates to the frontal anteriorly, to the exoccipital
Fic. 3.—LEFT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF AULOSTOMUS VALENTINI FROM OUTER SIDE. @, ACTINOSTS; cl
CLAVICLE; hyoc, HYPOCORACOID; hype, HYPERCORACOID; p, PECTORAL FIN; pcl. POSTCLAVICLE, AND
pt, POSTTEMPORAL,
posteriorly, and to the pterotic at its outer edge. The pterotic forms
the posterior lateral angle of the cranium. It is anterior to the exoc-
cipitals, which form, with the basioccipital, a posterior projection.
The exoccipitals project downward on each side far below the condyle
of the basioccipital. They meet broadly above the foramen magnum.
The post-temporal is not united with the cranium. It is a large
ganoid plate seen externally behind the head, above and anterior to
the triangular ganoid portion of the clavicle. It lies rather loosely
against the cranium, over, but scarcely in contact with, the pterotic
and epiotic. From its inner surface it sends a fork which rests rather
loosely behind the part of the exoccipital that projects below the
basioccipital.
The supraclavicle is absent.
The clavicle is a rather heavy triangular bone, as viewed from the
outside. The anterior edge which borders the branchial cavity 1s
630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
straight. From its anterior inner part a plate of bone folds back to
support the hypo and hypercoracoid.
The latter is a thin plate, not strongly ossified. Through it and
entirely within its edges is a very large fenestre, which from the outer
side seems to be partly inclosed by the clavicle, as the hypercoracoid
is attached flat against the inner surface of that bone.
The hypocoracoid is attached along its entire anterior edge to the
clavicle without leaving the usual opening between. The lower edge
is thickened and extends backward as a long process, which, growing
thin posteriorly, is divided for most of its length into many bristle-like
filaments.
The three lower actinosts are long and rod-like, with large spaces
between them. The second and third are somewhat closer together
than the others. The fourth is smaller, and is articulated closely
against the upper outer end of the hypercoracoid. Two of them are
above the hypercoracoid and two above the hypocoracoid.
The postclavicle is a broad triangular-shaped bone, with a process
running obliquely from the upper corner for articulation with the
clavicle, and the posterior corner prolonged into a long ray of bone.
THE SHOULDER GIRDLE OF FISTULARIA PETIMBA.
FISTULARIID#.,
The post-temporal is united to the cranium by dentate suture, form-
ing an outer produced angle on each side wholly posterior to the
pterotic. It is articulated laterally to the epiotic and the exoccipital,
posteriorly slightly to the frontal and broadly to the pterotic.
Fig. 4.—RIGHT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF FISTULARIA PETIMBA FROM OUTSIDE. 4, ACTINOSTS; cl,
CLAVICLE; hyoc, HYPOCORACOID, hype, HYPERCORACOID, p, PECTORAL FIN; pcl, POSTCLAVICLE, AND
scl, SUPERCLAVICLE.
Though the post-temporals appear to play an important part in
forming the cranium when viewed from above, they form no part of
the cranial wall, being only thin sheets of bone attached at their lat-
eral and anterior edges. Were they removed the remaining elements
would bear about the same relationship to each other as they do in
the cranium of Aulostomus.
xo.1301. OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 631
The supraclavicle is a short, scale-like bone, setting low on the clayi-
cle, simply serving as a septum between the clavicle and post-temporal,
and not suspending the former lower than it might be were it articu-
lated directly to the post-temporal.
The clavicle is a complex bone, bending backward at its upper end
to support the long simple postclavicle, which appears exteriorly as the
upper lateral plate behind the head. It (the clavicle) borders nearly
half of the fenestre, which typically is through the center of the
hypercoracoid. It sendsa wide process from its middle directly below
this fenestre backward and downward to the hypocoracoid. Its lower
end is straight, running obliquely forward to where it joins the lower
end of the hypocoracoid (‘‘interclavicle”), leaving an open space
behind and between the forks of the hypocoracoid.
The hypercoracoid is little more than a rod of bone forming some-
what more than half of the fenestre, between it and the clavicle. It
strongly resembles in shape and position the long, slender actinosts.
The first pectoral ray works directly on it, as usual, and from this fact
and its appearance one not knowing the cartilaginous origin of the
bone might conceive the possibility of the hypercoracoid having orig-
inated from an actinost. This fancy is perhaps disturbed by the fact
that the upper actinost is attached to its upper outer edge.
The other three actinosts are attached to the hypocoracoid or end
in cartilage over it.
THE SHOULDER GIRDLE OF MACRORHAMPHOSUS SAGIFUE, (NEW SPECIES. )
MACRORHAMPHOSID.
The cranium is wedge-shaped as viewed from above. Posteriorly
it is abruptly vertically truncated. The epiotics reach to the posterior
edge of the cranium, and, bending sharply over, show about half of
their surface above and half posteriorly.
The post-temporal is small and conical and ankylosed to the cranium,
forming the outer lower angle. Onsthe lower surface of the cranium
it articulates with the exoccipital at its inner edge, and with the
pterotic anteriorly; on the posterior surface, with the exoccipital and
the epiotic; on the superior surface with the pterotic anteriorly, and
with the epiotic at its outer edge.
The supraclavicle is so closely attached against the outer upper part
of the clavicle that it is difficult to make out. It scarcely rises above
the head of the clavicle.
The line of bony plates along the upper part of the sides is continu-
ous over -the clavicle, with a ridge on the post-temporal and the
pterotic. These are doubtless homologous with the lateral line plates
of Aulorhynchus.
A broad, thin plate projects backward from the middle of the inner
edge of the clavicle and supports the hypercoracoid and the upper
632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
part of the hypocoracoid. It laps over the hypercoracoid and bor-
ders the anterior half of the hypercoracoid foramen, as seen from the
outer side of the shoulder girdle; but as seen from the inner side, the
hypercoracoid entirely incloses its foramen, protecting it anteriorly,
however, by a very narrow margin.
The postclavicle is a long, simple ray of bone carried by a project-
ing plate from the upper end of the clavicle.
The hypoclavicle is a very wide, thin plate, with an anterior rod of
bone reaching to the lower end of the clavicle and inclosing a large
fenestre. From just in front of the lower actinost a straight ridge
Fic. 5.—RIGHT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF MACRORHAMPHOSUS SAGIFUS FROM OUTER GIRDLE. FOR LET-
TERING SEE FIG. 4.
runs obliquely forward to near the lower edge of the hypocoracoid,
where it turns at a sharp angle, and, following the edge of that bone,
runs horizontally forward to its end at the clavicle.
The lower actinost is very much enlarged. It cuts a large space
from, and continues down over the outer surface of, the hypocoracoid
nearly to its middle. It ends ina sharp point. The others are some-
what pointed below, and grow smaller upward. There is a raised
condyle on the hypercoracoid resembling the heads of the actinosts
for the first rays of the pectoral to work on. All but the lowest
actinost are attached to the hypercoracoid.
xo.1301. OSTEOLOGY OF HEMIBRANCHIATE FISHES—STARKS. 633
Tue SHOULDER GIRDLE OF ALOLISCUS STRIGATUS.
CENTRISCID &.
The shape of the cranium resembles that of Jlacrorhamphosus, being
wedge-shaped as viewed from above and vertically truncated pos-
teriorly.
On its superior surface are five narrow wedge-shaped bones. The
longest is the supraoccipital. About half of its length separates the
posterior part of the frontals. On each side of it are the epiotics, of
the same width but shorter. Anteriorly they cut a V-shaped piece out
of the end of each frontal. The posttemporals are the most lateral and
the shortest of these bones. They cut a V-shaped piece from the ends
of the pterotics. On the superior-lateral surface of the cranium they
are remote from the epiotics, but on the posterior surface they send a
process up to them.
Fic. 6.—RIGHT SHOULDER GIRDLE OF /EOLISCUS STRIGATUS FROM INNER SIDE. FOR LETTERING SEE
Fie. 4.
The parietals and opisthotics are absent. The articular facets of the
exoccipitals are at the extreme lower part of the cranium below the
middle of the basioccipital condyle. The exoccipitals show no tendency
to approach and join over the basioccipital.
The myodome appears to be wholly absent.
The supraclavicle shows externally as a long, narrow, ganoid bone,
extending horizontally. It is enlarged anteriorly and is concave at its
end for the reception of the end of the posttemporal. It laps over the
edge of the clavicle somewhat and is firmly attached by a simple suture.
Directly above is a somewhat similar ganoid plate attached along
the edge of the supraclavicle by a smooth inconspicuous suture. It
extends farther back than the supraclavicle and appears to be one of
the series of lateral plates. Both it and the supraclavicle attach by
dentate suture to the wide lateral plate behind it. Above these are
the median plates of the back.
634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The clavicle shows externally as a wide triangular plate reaching
nearly to the pectoral, its anterior end descends bordering the gill
opening as usual. From the inside the clavicle appears about three
times longer than deep. From the inner upper edge a thin plate of
bone turns down to the hypercoracoid.
The hypercoracoid does not nearly contain its foramen, but is
assisted above by the inner plate of the clavicle.
A simple postclavicle is attached to the posterior end of the clavicle
directly above the hypercoracoid. It is a very slender ray of bone
bending sharply down to a level with the lower pectoral ray and thence
reaching horizontally far back and ending as a fine filament.
The hypocoracoid is a nearly square thin plate, with a slender
process running from its lower anterior corner at a right angle with
its anterior edge to the lower end of the clavicle. From its upper
posterior corner obliquely toward the lower anterior corner the lower
actinost cuts in and subdivides it.
The upper ray of the pectoral works directly upon the hypercora-
eoid. Three of the actinosts are borne by the hypercoracoid and one
by the hypocoracoid.
All of the inner elements of the shoulder girdle are extremely thin
delicate plates, but slightly ossified, and generally strengthened by -
osseous ridges.
NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS OF THE FAMILY
ARGULID®, WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GROUP
AND A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ALL KNOWN SPECIES.
By Cuarirs Brancn WI1son,
Department of Biology, State Normal School, Westfield, Massachusetts.
INTRODUCTION.
The present paper is the first of a series, now in course of prepara-
tion, on the parasitic copepods, based primarily on the large collee-
tion of this interesting group belonging to the U.S. National Museum,
which has been placed in the author’s hands for study. The great
majority of the specimens came originally fromthe U.S. Fish Commis-
sion, and in addition all the unassigned material at the disposal of the
Commission was turned over to the writer by Dr. H. C. Bumpus and
Dr. Hugh M. Smith, to be added eventually to the National Museum
collection. To Dr. Bumpus the author is also under obligation for the
innumerable facilities in the way of collecting and studying living
material which are always attendant upon a summer spent in the U.S.
Fish Commission laboratory at Woods Hole.
Further acknowledgment is made of much valuable assistance ren-
dered by Dr. Smith, who has placed every facility at the author's dis-
posal, particularly of the inland stations of the U. 5. Fish Commission,
where no work of the kind has ever been done before; by Prof. Jacob
Reighard, director of the station at Ann Arbor, Michigan, who dis-
covered the new species Argulus americanus, and who has spared no
pains to secure just the material asked for, and finally by Mr. Vinal
N. Edwards, whose ability as a collector has placed so many other
investigators under obligation.
Hence while these papers are to be primarily reports upon the
National Museum collection, it is purposed to combine with them the
notes and results obtained from the work at the U.S. Fish Commis-
sion, and to add also considerable that has come through private
research, in order that they may be made as complete as possible.
Since this is the first attempt made in America upon this great crus-
tacean group, it will, even at its best, of necessity be found deficient.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXV—No. 1302
635
636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
HISTORICAL.
In compiling the bibliography here presented it was quickly found
that but a single species, the European Argulus foliaceus, had been
studied at all completely. In fact, with the exception of three papers,
one by Dana and Herrick (1837), another by Thorell (1864), and the
third by Kellicott (1877), all the work done outside of mere system-
atic enumeration and description of species has been upon this one
form. From it has been obtained practically all the knowledge
hitherto possessed of the ontogeny of the entire group, with its
important bearing upon their systematic position. Dana and Herrick
(1837) do picture a larval Avgulus catostomz, but the accompanying
description is so brief as to have very little practical value. And
Kellicott’s interesting description of a larval Argu/us (1880) had the
misfortune to be published in a periodical that died at the end of the
first volume, so that it has remained virtually unknown.
Moreover, both A. foliaceus and A. catostomi and Kellicott’s A.
stizostethii are fresh-water forms, and hence absolutely nothing has
been known of the development of the large salt-water representation
of the group, which, as we shall see, is very similar to that of Kelli-
cott’s species.
While it does not change the accepted ontogeny in any of its great
fundamental principles, it will be found to be radically different in
many of the details.
Although the entire group was thus for a long time represented by
the single species, yet such a meager representation was more than
offset by a remarkably wide distribution.
A. foliaceus was found quite commonly throughout the larger part
of Europe, and quickly became well known. Singularly enough, sub-
sequent discoveries have brought to light only two other European
species. All the rest of the group, with some exceptions, have been
found in American waters, and since the four new species here recorded
are also American, it seems as if Kroyer’s original statement that the
great American continent is the proper habitat of the Argulide were
likely to prove true.
But since more than half the entire group and eight out of the
thirteen North American species are marine, Thorell’s notion that this
family is partial to fresh water must be set aside.
These facts ought at least to correct such statements as that made in
Parker and Haswell’s Text-book,’ that Argulus ‘tis an external para-
site on fresh-water fishes—carp, stickleback, ete.”
In the face of such facts it is all the more remarkable that no Ameri-
can zoologist has ever investigated the group.
Dana and Herrick (1837), Kellicott (1877 and 1880), Gould (1841),
and Dana (1852) have each described new species. The first three
1 First volume, p. 531.
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 637
descriptions are well written and quite complete, but the other two
are almost worthless. Afterwards Dr. S. I. Smith, in the Inverte-
brates of Vineyard Sound (1874), described three new species and
mentioned two of the others as probably occurring in the vicinity.
These six descriptions, with an annotated List of Described Species,
by Richard Rathbun (1884), comprise all the American literature upon
the family.
No one since Jurine’s day (1806) has compiled a bibliography of the
Argulide, and but once (Thorell, 1864) has there been any attempt to
present a review of all known species.
These facts at once warrant the following attempt, and guarantee
that it will be of necessity more or less defective. But it is hoped
that it may be of service as a basis for future work.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1666. Baupner, Leonarp.
According to Hermann fils (1804), Baldner left a manuscript in the library at Strassburg
in which he described and pictured the birds, fishes, and aquatic animals of the neighbor-
hood. In this he makes mention of the ‘‘ Pou des poissons’’ (A. foliaceus). So far as can be
ascertained, this is the first mention of an Argulid.
175
=
Friscu, J. L. Beschreibung von allerley Insecten in Teutschland. (Von einer
Fisch-Lauss.) Berlin.
Gives an imperfect description and a poor figure of A. foliaceus, V1, p. 27, pl. X11.
1750. Loeriine, P. Monoculus cauda foliacea plana descriptus. Acta Societatis regice
scientiarum Upsaliensis ab anno 1744-1750.
Describes and figures A. foliaceus as ‘* Monoculus caudd foliaced pland,” p. 42, pl. Xt, figs.
Avy BCD:
1754 (?). Baker. Of Microscopes and the Discoveries made thereby. 2 vols.
Describes ‘‘The Louse of the Carp’’*(.4. foliaceus) under the name Pediculus, I, p. 574,
pl. XIv.
1758. Linné, Caroius A. Systema nature (10th ed.), I, Holmize [Stockholm], 1758.
Describes A. foliaceus under the title Moroculus foliaceus (‘‘Monoculus testa foliacea
plana’’). p. 634.
761. Linne, Carotus A. Fauna suecica. Stockholmiee.
Describes A. foliaceus as before, and also (p. 2045) Monoculus piscinus as a distinet species.
1762. Grorrroy-Sarnt-Hivairr, Errenne. Histoire des insectes. Paris.
Describes A. foliaceus under the name Binoculus gasterosteus (Binocle du gastérostei), I,
p. 661, fig. 3.
1764. LeDERMULLER, M. F. Amusemens microscopiques. Traduction de allemand
en francois. Nuremberg.
Traces a gigantic figure of A. foliaceus with a solar microscope and calls it Insectum aqua-
tium, I, p. 76, pl. XX XVII.
1766. Linnk, CaroLus A. Systema nature (12th ed.), Stockholmize [Stockholm],
1766; [13th ed.], Vindobonz [ Vienna], 1767.
Unites the two species before given, Monoculus foliaceus, and M. piscinus, as M. foliaceus,
I, p. 1057.
1785. Miuver, Orno Frepricus. Entomostraca, seu Insecta testacea que in aquis
Danie et Norvegive reperit, descripsit, et iconibus illustravit. Lipsize et
Hafniz. [Leipsic and Copenhagen. ]
Establishes the genus Argulus, and describes A. foliaceus as A. delphinus (p.133), and again
as A. charon (p. 723).
1792-1794. Fasricius, JoHANNES Curistian. Entomologia systematica. 3 vols.
Hafniz. [Copenhagen. ]
Describes A. foliaceus under the name Monoculus argulus, I, p. 489.
688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
1798. Cuvier, GEorGES Ltopotp (Baron). Tableau élémentaire de l’histoire natu-
relle. Paris.
Finding A. foliaceus on tadpoles, he gives it the name “ Pou de tétard, Monoculus gyrini,”
(p. 454).
1802. Larreitir, P. A. Histoire naturelle générale et particuliére des crustacés et
des insectes. 14 vols. Paris, 1792-1805.
Gives A. foliaceus the name Ozolus gasterostei, IV, p. 128, pl. xxIXx, fig. 4.
1802. Cuvier, Grorces Ltopotp (Baron). Mémoire sur le Pou de tétard, tu a la
Société philomatique.
Describes more fully than before A. foliaceus, which he still calls ‘‘ Pou de tétard.’’
1804. Hermann, J. Frep., fils. Mémoire aptérologique. Strasbourg.
Describes and figures A. foliaceus, p. 131, pls. Vv and VI.
1806. Jurtne, Louis, fils. Mémoire sur l’ Argule foliacé ( Argulus foliaceus).
Annales du Muséum d’histoire naturelle, VII, pp. 431-458, pl. xxvI.
Gives first account of development.
1806-1809. LarrerLig, P. A. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum.
Restores the generic name Binoculus, given by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire (1762), and calls
A, foliaceus Binoculus gasterosteus. I, p. 14.
1816. Risso, A. Histoire naturelle des crustacés de Nice.
Describes (p. 170) A. purpwreus under the name Binoculus bicornutus.
1817. LATREILLE, P. A.
In Cuyier’s Régne Animal, Paris, lst ed., describes A. foliaceus under the name Ozolus
gasterosteus. TV, p. 128.
1820. Jurrne, Lous, fils. Histoire des monocles qui se trouvent aux environs de
Genéve. Geneva.
Includes and describes again A. foliaceus.
1825. DresmMArest, ANSELME GATAN. Considérations générales sur la classe des crus-
tacés. Paris.
Describes and figures A. foliaceus, p. 321, pl. L.
1826. Risso, A. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de ) Europe méri-
dionale.
Describes (V, p. 139) and figures (pl. v) A. purpureus, which he now ealls Agenor
purpureus.
1829. LaTrREILLE, P. A.
In the revised edition of Cuvier’s Regne Animal adopts the name Argulus given by Miller
and Jurine in place of his own previous designations, Ozolus and Binoculus, and gives a
summary of Jurine’s monograph. IY, p. 195.
1837. Aupourn, J. V. (Simply a notice in the records of the society without a title. )
Annales de la Societé entomologique de France, Ist ser., VI, Bull., p. 18.
Describes imperfectly ‘‘Dolops lacordairei,’’ but the description establishes with sufficient
accuracy the characteristics of the genus.
1837. Dana, J., and Herrick, E. Description of Argulus catostomi, a new parasitic
crustaceous animal.
American Journal of Science, 1st ser. XX XI, p. 297, plate with 11 figs.
1839. Harris, TH. New species of Argulus.
American Journal of Science, Ist ser. XX XVI, p. 393. ,
Announces the discovery of a new species (A. alos#) of Argulus, referred to Dr. Gould for
identification.
1840. Mriitne-Epwarps, Henri. Histoire naturelle des crustacés, comprenant l’ana-
tomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Paris.
Describes A. foliaceus (III, p. 444) and gives the development.
1841. GouLtp, Augustus Appison. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts,
comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata.
Describes very meagerly and figures poorly the new species of Argulus (A. alosx) given to
him by Harris. p. 340.
1843. Dre Kay, Jas. E. Zoology of New York, or the New York Fauna. V. Mollusca.
Albany.
Mentions A. catostomi and A, alos# as ‘‘ extra limital,”’
No. 1802. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARG ULID4A— WILSON. 639
1845. Voart, C. Beitriige zur Naturgeschichte der schweizerischen Crustaceen.
Neue Denkschriften der allgemeinen schweizerischen Gesellschaft fiir die gesammte
Naturwissenschaft, VII, p. 12.
Describes and gives the functions of the various organs of 4. foliaceus.
1845. Lucas, H. Exploration scientifique de Algérie. Histoire naturelle des ani-
maux articulés. Premiére partie: Crustacés.
Describes and figures A. giganteus, p. 83, pl. VII.
1850. Leypic, Franz. Ueber Argulus foliaceus. Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie, Histol-
ogie, und Entwickelungsgeschichte dieses Thieres.
Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, II, pp. 323-349, pls, XIX, xX.
Gives a minute description together with an account of the development and a figure of
the larva.
1850. Barrp, W. The natural history of the British Entomostraca. London.
Describes and figures A. foliaceus, p. 255, pl. XXXI, figs. 1 and 2.
1852. Dana, James D. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838,
39, 40, 41, 42, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S. N. XIII. Crus-
tacea.
Describes and figures A. pugettensis, p. 1351, pl. xcrv, figs. 2, a and b.
1854. ZENKER, WILHELM. System der Crustaceen.
Arehiy fiir Naturgeschichte, XX. Part 1, pp. 108-117.
Claims that Argulus is wrongly classed with ‘the Siphonostoma, since the “sting” in no
way connects with the mouth.
1857. Henuer, Cami. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Siphonostomen.
Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akadamie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwis-
senschaftliche Classe, XX V, part I.
Describes A. natereri, p. 103, pl. 11, figs. 4-12; A. elongatus, p. 106, pl. 111, figs. 1-4; Gyropeltis
longicauda, p. 101, pl. 1, figs. 1-19; Gyropeltis kollari, p. 102, pl. 1, figs. 20, 21; pl. 11, figs. 1-3.
Establishes new genus, Gyropeltis, with both males and females of G. longicauda.
1858. CHenu, Dr. Encyclopédie d’ histoire naturelle, Crustacés.
Figures A. foliaceus upside down.
1859. GrGENBAUR, C. Grundztge der vergleichenden Anatomie.
Describes and interprets (pp. 245, 246) the various divisions of the Argulid’s body and
accessory organs.
1860. THoRrELL, M. T. Bidrag till Kannedomen om Krustaceer, som lefva i arter af
sligtet Ascidia, L.
Kongliga svenska vetenskaps akademiens, Handlingar (new series), III, No. 8, p. 14.
Advocates including the Argulidee under the Branchiopoda.
1860. Cornatta, Emrtro. Sopra una nuova specie di Crostacei sifonostomi, Gyropel-
tis doradis.
Memorie del R. Instituto Lombardo di scienze, lettere ed arti, VIII.
Describes and figures the new species Gyropeltis doradis, p. 161, pl. 11, figs. 1-18.
1861. Sreensrrup, J. Jap. Sm., and Lurken, Cur. Frep. Bidrag till Kundskab om
det aabne Hays Snyltekrebsog Lernaeer, ete. 5
Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 5te Raekke, naturhistorisk og math-
ematisk Afdeling, V.
Describe and explain the organs of parasitic copepods, pp. 343-347.
1863. Nystrom, C. L. Jakttagelser rorande Faunan i Jemtlands Vattendrag.
Akademisk Afhandling, ete.
Mentions (p. 19) a very large Argulus (A. coregoni) as one of the parasites infesting the
Coregonus in Jemtland. (See quotation on p. 725.)
1863. Carus, J. Vicror, and GrersTarcKEer, A. Handbuch der Zoologie.
Advocate the union of the Arguiidz with the Siphonostoma.
1863. Kroyer, Henrik. Bidrag till Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene.
Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, die Raekke, II, pp. 75-426, pls. I-xXvIIt.
Describes and figures A. salmine?, A. chromidis, and A. funduli. Joins the Argulidze with
the siphonostomous Copepods,
640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
1864. THorELL, M. T. Om tvenne Europeiske Argulider; jemte anmirkningar om
Argulidernas morfologi och systematiska stillning, samt en Ofversigt af de
for nirvarande kiinda arterna af denna famil}.
Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1864, No.1. Pp. 7-72, pls.
II-IV.
Translated in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3d ser., X VIII, 1866, pp. 149-169,
268-286, 436-451.
Summary and description of all known species. Advocates inclusion of the Argulide as
a third suborder under the order Branchiopoda, of equal value with the Phyllopods and
Cladocera, and to be called Branchiura.
1864. THoretL, M. T. Om Argulus dactylopteri, en ny Vestindisk hafs-argulid.
Oefversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1864, No. 10, pp. 609-614,
pl. XVI.
Describes and figures this new species.
1866—. GeERSTAECKER, A. Arthropoda, in Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des
Thier-Reichs, V, Leipzig und Heidelberg.
Retracts his former classification and places the Argulidz under the Branchiopoda, p. 16.
1871. Leypic, Franz. Ueber einem Argulus der Umgebung von Tubingen.
Archiy fiir Naturgeschichte, XX XVII, pt. 1, pp. 1-24.
Adopts Thorell’s classification, placing the Argulide under the Branchiopoda. Describes
and figures the new species A. phoxini.
1874. Smirn, 8S. I. The Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound.
Report of U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 1874.
Describes (pp. 574, 575) the new species A. laticauda, A. latus, and A. megalops, but gives
no figures.
1875. Cuaus, Cart. Ueber die Entwickelung, Organisation und systematische Stel-
lung der Arguliden.
Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie, X XV, pp. 217-284, pls. XIV-XVIII.
From studies of 4. foliaceus and A. coregoni adyocates the placing of the Argulide as a
second suborder of the Branchiura, under the order Copepoda, the other suborder, the
Eucopepoda, consisting, respectively, of the free-swimming Copepods (Gnathostomata) and
the parasitic forms exclusive of the Argulidee (Parasita or Siphonostomata), the classifica-
tion adopted by Parker and Haswell.
1877. Keuiicorr, Davin 8. Description of a New Species of Argulus.
Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science, III, p. 214.
Describes and figures A. lepidostei, found on the gar-pike in the Niagara River.
1880. Keturcorr, Davin 8. A Larval Argulus.
North American Entomologist, I, p. 57.
Describes the larva of an undetermined species of Argulus. The eggs require eighty days
to hatch, and the newly hatched larva has all the appendages of the adult (4. stizostethii).
1880. Kenuicorr, Davip 8. Argulus stizostethii, n. s.
American Journal of Microscopy and Popular Science, V, p. 53.
Describes and figures the new species which was obtained from a blue pike in the Niag-
ara River. This account was published two months after the preceding, and although not
actually so stated, yet the details agree so fully as to leave it almost certain that these are
the adults of which those were the larve.
1882. Faxon, WavirrR. Bibliography of the Crustacea.
Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard, IX, No.
Includes only the embryological literature.
1883. VAN Benepen, P. J. Animal Parasites and Messmates.
International Scientific Series, XIX, D. Appleton & Co.
1884. Rarasun, Richarp. Annotated List of Described Species of Parasitic Cope-
pods (Siphonostoma) from American Waters contained in the U. 8. National
Museum.
Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, VII, p. 483.
1886. Kexuicorr, Davin 8. A Note on Argulus catostomi.
Proceedings of the American Society of Microscopists, VII, p. 144.
Records the fact that this ‘‘hitherto rare and supposed marine species of such beauty
occurs in our fresh-water lakes,’’ having been taken by Prof. S. H. Gage from suckers in
Cayuga Lake, Ithaca, New York, May, 1886.
NO, 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 641
1891. Parker, G. H. The Compound Eyes in Crustaceans.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard, X XI, p. 77.
Describes the eyes of an Argulus found on Fundulus heteroclitus in an aquarium,
1891. Van Benepen, P. J. Un Argule nouveau des cétes d’ Afrique.
Bulletins de l Académie royale de Belgique (3), XXII, p. 369,
Describes and figures the new species A. melita.
1891. SruHLMANN, F. Gyropeltis ranarum.
Zoologischer Jahrbiicher, Systematische, VI, pp. 152-154.
Describes and gives text-figure of the new species.
1892. Weser, L. Die Siisswasser-Crustaceen des indischen Archipels.
Zoologische Ergebnisse, IT, p. 544.
Describes the new species A. indicus, but gives no figure save one of the posterior legs.
1895. Carpuin, J. Argulus foliaceus in the Edinburgh District.
The Annals of Scottish Natural History, 1895, p. 255.
Seven specimens of A. foliaceus, six free and one attached to a stickleback, found ina
canal among Anacharis, near Meggatlandgate.
1896. Drysowsk1, B. Nowe poglady i tearye z zakresu anatomii porownawczej.
Kosmos polski, XX, X XI.
Compares the appendages of Argulide, Cladocera, Copepoda, ete.
1897. Bouvier, E. L. Observations sur les Argulidés du genre Gyropeltis recueillis
par M. Geay au Vénézuela.
Bulletin du Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Paris, 1897, pp. 13-19, 7 text figures.
Describes the new species geayi and refers three other specimens to the species kollari
Heller.
1899. Bouvier, E. L. Sur les Argulidés du genre Gyropeltis recueillis récemment par
M. Geay dans la Guyane.
Bulletin du Muséum @’histoire naturelle, Paris, 1899, pp. 89-41.
Describes three new species, reperta, striata, and bidentata, and now claims that the three
specimens which were referred to kollari in 1897 are really a new species, for which he pro-
poses the name discoidalis.
1899. Bouvier, E. L. Les Crustacés Parasites du genre Dolops, Audouin.
Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris, 8th ser., X, pp. 53-81, and 9th ser., I, pp.
1240.
Restores the original name (Dolops) proposed for this genus by Audouin (1837).
Describes and gives text-figures of the new species contained in the two preceding papers.
A fine summary of the genus and all known species.
1901. THIELE, JOHANNES. Diagnosen neuer Arguliden-Arten.
Zoologischer Anzeiger, X XIII, pp. 46-48.
Describes three new species of Argulus, africanus, japonicus, and scutiformis; establishes
the new genus Chonopeltis, and describes the single species inermis. No figures for any of
the species.
ECOLOGY.
The problems of parasitism and its attendant degeneration are among
the most interesting in the whole realm of ecology, and nowhere can
they be studied to any better advantage than among the parasitic
copepods.
We can find here every grade of parasitism and can easily follow
the resultant effects in the habits and morpholgy of the parasites
themselves. There are forms like Avgudus which not only move about
all over the body of their host, but also change frequently from one
species of fish to another, and can even leave their host at will and
swim about freely, sometimes for several days, before returning.
Retaining thus completely their powers of locomotion we should
not expect nor do we find in them any degeneration, but rather such
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——41
642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXv.
a modification of the various organs especially used in parasitism—
e. g., organs for clinging to their host, for piercing after blood, ete.,
as will the better adapt them to their specific use.
Then we find forms like Ca/igus which roam about freely oyer their
host’s body but do not apparently leave it voluntarily, though they can
swim well enough when compelled to do so.
Here also we should not expect any marked degeneration, but rather
a more complete adaptation of the various organs.
The first evidence of degeneration in this genus lies apparently in
the inclination toward free swimming and not so much in the ability
to perform it. In these two large genera, Argu/us and Caligus, the
males and females differ but slightly, and in some species of Argulus
they may even be approximately of the same size. The fact that the
Argulide do not carry their eggs about with them tends still farther
to eliminate the sexual differences, while in the Caligide the presence
or absence of the long egg pouches with the attendant modifications of
structure constitute the chief sexual distinctions.
Not so, however, in forms like Pandarus, for here both sexes usually
fasten themselves in one place and remain there fora long time. They
are also so dissimilar in habits and structure that the males have been
hitherto placed in an entirely separate genus (ogagus), and the two
sexes have been proved to belong to the same species only by being
repeatedly found in actual coition. As is usual in such cases the female
is the more degenerate and can only crawl about slowly; she is so
heavy and clumsy that she can not swim at all.
Here then is evidence of structural degeneration, not very marked
as yet, since fully developed swimming organs are retained though they
can not be used in the adult state.
The male Pandarus, on the contrary, not only retains the locomotor
structures but can use them, being able to swim about freely whenever
occasion demands.
Again there are forms like PAdlicthys in which both the male and
female have become practically incapable of locomotion, but are still
found free in the mucous canals and sinuses of fishes. In them the
locomotor organs are markedly degenerate having dwindled to mere
stumps without joints or sete.
And, finally, we find forms like Chondracanthus, Anchorella, and
Lernea, in which the female is absolutely incapable of motion, being
fixed in one position for life, while the male has dwindled to a mere
pigmy adherent to some part of the female’s body. The male can still
move about somewhat but the female has lost all trace of every append-
age except those which serve to fasten her to her host.
It is purposed in these papers to bring out as fully as possible such
interesting gradations, the present paper, of course, being confined to
the Argulide.
NO. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 643
These are wholly external parasites, and though sometimes found
upon the skin or the fins, they are usually confined to the branchial
cavity of their host. They may be sought on the inner wall of the
operculum or in the shallow pocket behind the posterior gill arch, but
are never found upon the gills themselves except through accident.
They cling to their host by means of the anterior maxillipeds which
are modified for this purpose into sucking disks, somewhat similar to
those upon the arms of Cephalopods. And by asort of walking motion
of these same suckers they are enabled to scuttle about quite rapidly
over the fish’s skin so long as it remains moist. But they are unable
either to fasten themselves to, or to make any progress over, a dry sur-
face. The posterior maxillipeds are also modified into clasping organs
armed with hooks at the tips, spines, and sete along the sides, and a
large plate on the basal joint whose surface is usually raised into rough
papille, and whose posterior edge is furnished with three stout spines
whose chief use seems to be to act as a firm brace while the pointed
proboscis is being thrust forward into the flesh of the host in order to
draw blood. And finally the basal joints of the anterior antenne are
developed into a pair of enormous curved hooks which assist somewhat
in holding the Argulus to its host. But their chief use is apparently
to keep the anterior edge of the carapace firmly in position while the
proboscis is being worked.
Whether the Argulus remain upon the outer skin or in the branchial
‘avity it is continually subjected to considerable friction as the fish
moves about through the water, especially if its host happens to be a
fish of rapid movements, and there is an absolute certainty that it will
be washed off if its hold is loosened for ever so short an interval.
To lessen the friction as well as to get the full use of its grasping
organs, the Argulus (and the same is also true of the Caligide) always
takes a position with its own longitudinal axis parallel to that of its
host, and its head pointing in the same direction. In this position all
the grasping organs just mentioned work together to prevent any slid-
ing backward over the fish’s skin. In addition, the lower surface of
the carapace, more particularly at the anterior margin and along the
edges, is quite thickly studded with short triangular spines, which
point downward and backward, and catch firmly in the skin of the
host. At the bases of both pairs of antennz, and in many species,
just behind the mouth and between the bases of the second maxillipeds
are paired spines much larger and stouter, which evidently serve a
similar purpose.
Though there may be little evidence of degeneration in these Argu-
lids, therefore, there are abundant modifications to suit their acquired
parasitic habits.
Upon the death of its host an Areulus leaves the body at once if it
be in the water and swims about actively in search of a new victim.
644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
If the fish has been removed from the water the parasite usually
remains within the branchial cavity since this retains moisture longer
than any other portion of the external surface. It is no uncommon
‘thing to find them alive there several hours after the fish’s death.
Upon remoyal to an aquarium the Argulids are found to have retained
their locomotor ability to a greater degree than any other group of
the parasitic copepods.
And there is no distinction of sex in this, for males and females
alike swim about with as much freedom and as great rapidity as any
of the so-called free copepods. And their sucker feet enable them to
rest by attaching themselves to the sides of the aquarium, to stones,
alow, or any other convenient surface, instead of by balancing after
the manner of Cyclops and allied forms. In swimming, the four pairs
of legs are used as the propelling agents, and are provided with a
fringe of long plumose setz for that purpose.
The abdomen is elevated at an angle of about 45 degrees with the
plane of the body and seems to serve somewhat as a rudder, but the
most of the steering is accomplished by a flexion of the thorax on
the head carapace. The result is an easy gliding motion, wholly des-
titute of the jerkiness so characteristic of free copepods, and more
resembling that of Artemia and Branchipus. They usually move
with sharp turns in nearly every direction, often making a complete
summersault, or turning upward and scuttling along back downward
on the under side of the surface film of the water after the manner of
some snails,
But though their ordinary motion is slow and easy, they can dart
about with considerable rapidity upon occasion.
The length of the plumose sete on the swimming legs seems to
determine in great measure the rapidity of movement. In some spe-
cles (laticauda, versicolor, etc.) the sete are long and stout, while in
others (niger, alosx, etc.) they are short and weak. It follows that the
former species are capable of much more rapid and energetic motion
than the latter.
In an aquarium these Argulids seldom exhibit the disagreeable pro-
pensity shown by the Caligids of crawling up as far as possible on the
sides of the aquarium above the surface of the water and remaining
there until dead and dried up.
On the contrary, they are easily kept in confinement and make
docile and highly interesting laboratory material.
As a natural consequence of its freedom of motion, an Argulus is not
as closely confined to a single species of fish as are the other copepod
parasites. This fact is very apparent from an examination of the list
of hosts following the description of each species (p. 704).
It is to be remembered in this connection that our knowledge
of these American forms is as yet extremely meager. When some
of them come to be known as well as the European A. foliaceus, the
————
No, 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARG ULIDA— WILSON. 645
host list will probably approach more nearly to the fabulous length
which it has reached in that species, and may even include frog tad-
poles or salamanders. At all events, it is pretty safe to predict
that future observations will swell the list of hosts for nearly every
species.
Not merely is the same species of Argulus found upon many differ-
ent kinds of fish, but even the same individuals must of necessity fre-
quently change their host. This follows as a result of their habit of
ego laying.
Unlike other copepoda, the eggs are not carried about in sacs
attached to the body, but are fastened to stones, to the bottom, or to
any convenient surface. This necessitates the desertion of its host by
the parasite during the period of egg laying, with little chance of ever
finding it again, and with at least the possibility that another fish of
the same species can not be found at once. This is especially true of
the males, which are very ardent during the breeding season, as noted
long ago by Jurine (1806), and often leave their host to roam about
insearch of a female. This desertion of the host at the spawning time
is also confirmed by the origin of some of the material now under
consideration.
The types of Professor Smith’s new species are all recorded as taken
apart from fish, two specimens of A. daticauda from among alge in
August and another taken in a tow net early in September; a single
specimen of A. /atus taken in a tow net at the surface July 1, and
three specimens of A. megalops, also in a tow net, July 8 Again,
A. foliaceus is reported as having been found among Anacharis in a
canal near Edinburgh, Scotland, on August 26. Six of the seven
specimens were roaming about free, while the seventh was attached
to a stickleback (1895).
And finally, the actual voluntary desertion of their host has been
observed several times in aquaria, not merely when the Arguli were
harbored by a different species of fish from that upon which they were
found, but also when host and parasite were not separated at all, but
placed in the aquarium together (1880). To be sure, even in the latter
case, the surroundings were more or less artificial, but it hardly seems
as if they could be enough so to account wholly for the restlessness
exhibited by the Arguli. The fish very quickly quieted down and
acted ina perfectly normal manner. That the parasites did not become
equally quiet renders it very probable that there must be some founda-
tion for such nomadic habits in their ordinary behavior under normal
conditions.
It is not to be inferred, however, that an Argulus has no preference
in the choice of a host.
On the contrary, it is probable that, like other parasites, each species
prefers a certain kind of fish, or at the most a few different and probably
closely related kinds.
646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
But we may reasonably infer that, after withdrawal from its host
for the purpose of egg laying, if an Argulus is unable to find another
fish of the same species it is willing to take almost any temporary host
obtainable, transferring afterwards as opportunity offers. In confir-
mation of such an inference the following experiments were made on
A. catostomi and A. versicolor for fresh-water forms and on A. Jati-
cauda and A. megalops from salt-water fishes.
1. A. catostom7 is usually found upon the common *‘ sucker,” Catos-
tomus commersoni? (Lacépéde), from which it was originally obtained
and named, but it also occurs, and in the author’s experience even
more abundantly, upon the chub sucker, A7rimyzon sucetta oblongus
(Mitchill).
It was desired to keep some of these parasites through the breeding
season and also to ascertain, if possible, how they find and attach
themselves to their host. But suckers are large and clumsy fish,
difficult to transport, and requiring large aquaria. Added to this is
the fact that the easiest method of obtaining them at the season when
the Arguli are breeding is by spearing, and that this usually kills the
fish.
For these reasons they were removed from the suckers and trans-
ported to the laboratory in jars. It was evident, however, that they
could not be kept for any length of time without a host, and accord-
ingly several species of fish were tried, the sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus
Linnzeus), the dace (Votropis megalops Ratinesque), the yellow perch
(P. flavescens Mitchill), and a species of minnow, locally known as the
‘*mummichug.” When the fish were placed in the aquarium, the
Arguli very unexpectedly paid no attention to them and did not appear
to recognize their presence in any way, and yet several days had
elapsed before the fish could be obtained, and the parasites must have
become quite hungry.
But they continued swimming about in their usual lazy, erratic
fashion, often passing very close to one of the fish, but never seeming
to realize that it might become a possible host, until they actually ran
plump into it. Then, however, they made up for lost time, fastened
themselves to the fish’s body instantly, and eagerly sought for a place
to pierce the skin and obtain some blood. On these small fish the
bases and surfaces of the fins (including the tail), and the thin skin
under the throat were favorite localities. They stopped at one of
these places long enough to obtain a good meal and then passed for-
ward and tried to crawl beneath the operculum.
If they failed in this on account of the small size of some of the fish
they seemed content to remain upon the external surface, and in this
way specimens were carried successfully through the breeding season
and a fine lot of eggs obtained.
There was no hesitation in attaching to any of these fish, and there
seemed to be no choice between the species.
ee
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULID AW WILSON. 647
2. A. versicolor lives upon the pickerel, Lucius reticulatus Le Sueur.
Here again we have a fish so large as to be difficult of transportation
alive, and very troublesome to keep in captivity.
But even the attempt was rendered impossible in the present experi-
ment by the fact that the fish from which the parasites were obtained
were taken through the ice in January and were all dead when exam-
ined. Accordingly the Arguli were transported to the laboratory,
and this time some of the redfin shiners (Votropis) which had been
used for bait were found to be the most available material for tem-
porary hosts.
In this instance the parasites were placed directly upon the redfins.
They attached themselves at once, seeming to prefer the neighbor-
hood of the dorsal and ventral fins, and, so far as watched, making no
attempt to crawl under the operculum.
They did not seem to irritate the fish perceptibly, although they
could be plainly seen to crowd forward under the scales to pierce the
skin. They were kept in this way more than two months, and had
almost reached the breeding season when an unfortunate accident
killed them all.
Remaining thus upon the external surface where they could be easily
watched, it was seen that the individual parasites changed about con-
siderably from one fish to another.
One of the redfins proved particularly attractive, and often had
nearly all the parasites (15 in number) on his own body.
He was no larger than some of the others, but was very plump and
vigorous.
This living upon minnows is in direct confirmation of the observa.
tions of Claus (1875) upon the two European forms, A. folcaceus
and A. coregoni. But the present observations differed markedly
from his in one respect; either these redfins were not as yet educated
to the use of parasites as food, or they did not relish such a diet.
Although they were fiercely hungry when obtained, having been kept
without food since they were caught in the fall, no one of them took
any notice of some Arguli which were placed free in the aquarium for
that purpose.
Finally one of the parasites fairly rubbed against a redfin’s nose in
swimming about, and the latter, unable to resist such a call, opened
his mouth and apparently swallowed the Argulus. But it was only
apparently, for in a moment or two the Argulus was forcibly ejected
uninjured, and no further attempt was ever made to swallow one.
Indeed, none of them disappeared till the final accident which killed
them all.
3. A. laticauda and A. megalops live wpon many of our common
salt-water fish, and some of them were desired for experiments similar
to those tried upon the fresh-water forms.
But it would obviously be impossible to transport them with their
648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
hosts for any distance inland. Through the kindness of Mr. Vinal N.
Edwards many specimens of these two species were removed from
their hosts, placed in fresh salt water, and sent through the mail from
Woods Hole to Westfield, Massachusetts.
The A. laticauda were taken from eels and had evidently just fin-
ished their egg laying; the A. megalops were from flat fish (Para-
lichthys) and were still full of eggs. Some of the females laid upon
the sides of the bottle on the way, and the remainder deposited their
egos after reaching the laboratory.
But how could any experiments upon a change of host be tried with
these forms? No marine fish were obtainable alive, and if they could
have been procured, sufficient salt water to keep them was manifestly
out of the question so far inland.
It was remembered that these parasites infest many fish, like eels,
salmon, herring, etc., which are migratory in their habits, and some
which pass from salt into fresh water. or the opposite, during their
migrations. It becomes an interesting question, therefore, whether
the parasite is able to accompany its host through these changes
or not.
It was determined first to try a change from salt to fresh water
without the presence of any host whatever. Accordingly several
specimens of each of these two salt-water species were placed in a dish
of salt water, which was then slowly changed to fresh by the addition
of a few drops of the latter at a time.
They gave apparently no attention whatever to the change, but
continued to swim about in the fresh water as they had done in the
salt. Indeed, they manifested so little appreciation of the change
that another lot was transferred directly from salt to fresh water.
These appeared a little irritated at first, but quickly recovered and
manifested no subsequent difference in demeanor. Then a_ host
was supplied them in the shape of a small minnow, to which they
attached themselves readily and upon which they lived for several
days. :
These experiments would indicate very strongly that Argulus at
least, among the copepods which infest the various salt-water migra-
tory fishes, is capable of continuing upon its host as the latter passes
up some fresh-water river in search of a suitable spawning place. It
furnishes good proof also that the salt-water as well as the fresh-water
forms are capable of changing about from one species of host to
another.
In this connection it is well to recall the fact that the species catos-
tomi was first discovered in the Mill River near New Haven, Con-
necticut, where the water is distinctly brackish (1837).
The same species was afterwards found by Gage (1886) in Cayuga
Lake, Ithaca, New York, in perfectly fresh water. It has also been
altel
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 649
found by the author in abundance in the Connecticut River and its
tributaries near Springfield and Chicopee, far above tide water, and
also in several small ponds and streams farther east in the State.
The ‘ability to use almost any fish for a temporary host affords a
reasonable explanation of the appearance of many species in the host
lists whose presence would otherwise be difficult of explanation, as,
for example, the frog tadpoles of A. fo/ raceus, ete.
It also readily explains why the Arguli should be found on mud-
loving and bottom-frequenting species during the breeding seasons,
while they rarely occur on the same species at other times. eK one is the normal posture in the liv-
& % ing animal. Its membraneous struc-
ture, strengthened by the chitin rays,
with the flexibility produced by the
joints in the latter, and the serrated
Fic. 14.—BORDER OF SUCKING DISK IN ARGU- edge, enable it to fit down snugly to
Sr ie awe the rough surface of the fish’s body
and produce a tight joint. The lumen of the base is nearly filled by
four large muscles arranged in pairs, approximately right and left
and anterior and posterior. By the contraction of these muscles a
partial vacuum is formed inside the base and the flexible border is
securely fastened to the surface on which it rests. The simple
relaxation of the muscles restores the original lumen and the disk is
detached.
By relaxing its hold with one disk and carrying it forward while
the other remains fastened the animal moves about with surprising
rapidity. Not only is Thorell wrong when he says (1864) that these
appendages are ‘‘used exclusively as fixing organs,” but it seems
highly probable that they have been modified into this disk form for
the express purpose of functioning as locomotor organs. And while
the function of fixation may, and probably does, still take precedence,
yet that of locomotion becomes a close second. The relative size of
these disks varies greatly; in some species (fundul7, latus) it reaches
nearly a third the width of the carapace, and be it remembered these
are forms in which the carapace is orbicular. In others (daticauda,
megalops) it is not more than a sixth or a seventh of that width.
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDZ— WILSON. 683
The second maxillipeds retain more of their original shape. They
consist of a short basal segment and four longer terminal ones.
The ventral surface of all these segments, over the whole or a part
of its area, is raised up into rough papille, or armed with spines and
bristles pointing backward.
In addition the basal segment has on its ventral surface a raised
area, often armed with spines or bristles. This area projects poste-
riorly beyond the border of the joint, and in all species examined
except one (/atus) is produced into three strong teeth. For this rea-
son it was designated by Kroyer as the ‘t kammen ” (pecten or comb).
In many species (/epidoste/, etc.) these teeth are long and very sharp,
while in others they take on more of the nature of plates, being broad
and squarely truncated or only a trifle rounded posteriorly (/atecauda,
catostom/). The terminal segments of these appendages are armed
with two claws and a third process or papilla, often ending in a spine.
(Plates X, XII, X XI.)
With reference to the use of these appendages, it is at once evident
from the spines, teeth, and rough areas on their ventral surfaces that
they serve to keep the Argulus from slipping backward on its host,
and that this must be their chief function.
Such an interpretation is strengthened by the fact that in those
species which have the spines and hooks of the antenne and the ven-
tral surface of the carapace particularly well developed (saculosus,
americanus, etc.) the posterior maxillipeds are comparatively small
and poorly armed.
On the contrary, species like catostom/ and alos, where the spines on
the antennex are weak and insignificant, the posterior maxillipeds are
large, stout, and well armed. There is thus in every species examined
quite a uniform balance between the size and armature of these pos-
terior maxillipeds and that of the antenne and carapace.
That these appendages may also be used for ‘* cleaning the sucking
cups and for removing extraneous particles from the cavity,” as main-
tained by Vogt (1845), seems very likely from the forceps nature of
the claws on the terminal joint, but the present author has never had
the good fortune to actually witness such an operation. That they
‘serve principally as organs of locomotion and may therefore be
called creeping feet (pedes gessor//), as they have, indeed, been named
by Kréyer” (Thorell), does not seem probable either from their struc-
ture or their development. And in the scores of living Arguli which
have been carefully watched no such use of these appendages has ever
been detected.
The four pairs of thoracic appendages are swimming feet and are
the principal organs of locomotion. They each consist of a two-jointed
basipod and an exopod and endopod, of which the former is slightly
the longer. The joints of the basipods on the several pairs of legs
684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
show a regular gradation in length, the proximal ones diminishing and
the distal ones increasing, from in front backward. The proximal
joints of the posterior pair of legs are usually triangular in shape to
fit the sides of the triangular posterior thoracic segment.
They are also produced posteriorly into lobes more or less boot:
shaped, with the toes turned outward. In some species (maculosus,
versicolor, lepidoste’), these lobes are as large as or even larger than
the joints themselves.
In the female al] the other basipod joints (except the posterior) are
simple and without appendages, but in the male the two posterior
pairs of legs in all species, and in some the three posterior pairs, carry
accessory sexual organs upon their basipods. These will be described
more fully later. The endopodites of the first pair of legs are three-
jointed, the basal joint including the larger part, while the two
terminal joints are very small and short. The latter do not carry setz
like the basal joint, and they terminate in a pair of forceps-like spines.
The endopods of the second pair of legs are not jointed; those of the
third and fourth pairs are jointed once near their center. The exo-
pods in all four pairs of legs are without joints. Kréyer, Vogt, and
Leydig were deceived by the swollen bases of the large rowing setee
into declaring that both exopods and endopods were many jointed,
and this error has been religiously preserved down to the very latest
text-books.
Lang distinctly says that the exopods and endopods in the Argulidee
‘Sare long and many jointed.”' Parker and Haswell do not make any
statement, but Claus’s figure, which they publish, shows many joints.
This figures was drawn by Claus to show the development of the
testes and the sucking disks on the anterior maxillipeds, and he has
slurred over many of the other details. That he did not intend to
represent the endopods and exopods as actually jointed is abundantly
manifest from enlarged detailed drawings of the three posterior legs
of the male (the figure in question is also that of a young male), in
which they are represented correctly as without joints, save for the
single middle joint in the endopod of the two posterior legs. Further-
more, he distinctly says, in the text accompanying these figures,” that
‘‘in the place of numerous joints capable of independent motion, there
are only joint-like breaks or intervals apparent in the hair-like foot
branches.”
This is certainly the condition in every American species examined,
as is readily proved by reference to the musculature.
In all the exopods and in the two anterior endopods there is a
single unbroken muscle strand running from base to tip. In the two
posterior endopods this strand is broken at the central joint, as are the
muscles everywhere else at joints in all the appendages (fig. 15). It is
'Part I, p. 316, English translation.
* Edition of 1875, figs. 44, 45, and text, p. 250.
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARG ULIDA— WILSON. 685
unfortunate that Claus’s figure should have become the classic for all
text-books, encyclopedias, and dictionaries. It does not show any of
the segmentation in the swimming legs correctly, and without the
accompanying text manifestly places its author in error.
Both exopods and endopods are furnished with two rows of long
plumose sete along the dorsal and ventral edges of their posterior sur-
face, which render them efficient oars for propulsion through the water.
Similar shorter sete are found along the posterior border of both
basipod joints of the posterior legs, and in some species (saculosus,
versicolor, ete.) along the basipods of all the legs. Often, also, the
entire surface of the boot-shaped appendages of the basal joints of the
posterior legs will be found covered with these sete.
More than half the species (17 out of 26) have an appendage called
a flagellum (Ge/sselanhang) attached to the two anterior pairs of legs.
This consists of a slender shaft attached to the distal end of the basi-
4 EP — |
; awe a =< ih ,
ea ata os TR Za z
5 * a
SU,
Lop
Fig. 15.—POSTERIOR SWIMMING LEG OF ARGULUS AMERICANUS; THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE MUSCLES
SHOWS CONCLUSIVELY THAT THE EXOPODITE IS NOT JOINTED, AND THAT THE ENDOPODITE HAS BUT
A SINGLE JOINT.
pod, just above the base of the endopod. At first it is directed outward
parallel to the endopod, but is bent abruptly upward and inward, so
that it lies along the dorsal surface of the basipod.
It also carries two rows of plumose sete and is capable of inde-
pendent motion. There can be little doubt that one at least of its
functions is to keep the ventral surface of the carapace clean and to
remove any foreign particles that might find lodgment between the
legs and carapace. The blood enters the main shaft of these flagella
just as it does the exopods and endopods of the swimming legs, but
can not of course get out into the sete. This coupled with its very
small size renders it difficult to see how such an appendage can serve
any important respiratory function.
In the females of many species we find a pair of long finger-like
papille, situated one on either side of the opening of the oviduct
between the bases of the posterior pair of legs.
686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
~ These are manifestly tactile organs and assist in placing the eggs
during egg laying. They are never found on males.
The abdomen has no appendages nor any trace of them at any stage
in its development.
The digestive system.—The mouth parts consist of two separate
organs united at their bases. The anterior portion has been called,
respectively, a ‘‘ sting,” a ‘‘ gadd,” and a ‘‘ sucker” by various authors.
The first of these names is the most applicable. This sting is a long,
very sharp-pointed spine, tipped with
chitin and inclosed in a sheath of the
same material, to which it is so at-
s. tached that it can be extended and
withdrawn like the finger of a glove.
When not in use, it is partly with-
|B drawn and lies in a longitudinal
ae : groove which runs forward between
i the bases of the antenne. It is a
veritable sting, for the spine is hollow
and its lumen serves as the duct of a
poison gland situated at the base of
the sheath.
The inner portion of the sting is
oem soft and flexible and is folded upon
itself when withdrawn. It is forked
near the base of the sheath and a
branch of the duct passes out to the
poison gland on either side (fig. 16).
When wished for use, the sting is
dropped down from its groove upon
the fish’s skin, into which it is then
pushed by eversion.
Thus in the way in which it is
Spar Bei eee ie gue or era carried and used the sting bears con-
PROBOSCIS; g., POISON GLAND; d., puct or stderableresemblance to the proboscis
te. th, GHOPHAGUn NIURCLE. oe Ww aon. 10 Certain’ hemipteras= liatelwemme
MUSCLE OF ESOPHAGUS; r.m., RETRACTOR appears to be that of puncturing the
pe enn here skin and securing a strong flow of
blood both by its wound and also the irritation caused by the pouring
in of the secretion from the gland.
The posterior portion of the mouth apparatus is the proboscis; it
also is cylindrical and can be elevated or depressed at pleasure. But
it is much larger in diameter than the sting and is somewhat club-
shaped at the free end. When not in use, there is a groove extending
back between the bases of the two pairs of maxillipeds in which it is
carried.
Come
oem!
m..mM, __
els
No. 1802. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 687
The walls of the proboscis are formed of an upper and an under lip,
respectively, which are held in place and at the same time rendered
flexible by a jointed chitin framework.
The latter can be seen on either side of the proboscis tube as a series
of longitudinal ribs, forked at their distal ends, where they are united
to one another and to a transverse framework which bounds the oral
aperture and gives support to the mandibles and maxille. The pat-
tern of this framework, as well as the details of the mandibles and
maxille, varies greatly in different species, but the essential features
are the same in all, and
are as follows:
The under lip forms the
posterior surface of the
tube and spreads down RSS We
over the hood-shaped end Wane eee :
and up a very little way Slat anaes ee
on the anterior side, ter- Pil
minating in the shape of
a half-moon around the
lower border of the mouth
aperture (fig. 17).
At either side this half-
moon is prolonged into a
triangular flap which pro-
jects upward over the
outer surface of the upper
lip, and must hence be re-
garded as a rudimentary
labial palp (/. p.).
The remainder of the
ventral surface is formed
by the upper lip, which
Bai eae eS ies aeatleute (aneur Ouite). Gam va
in a somewhat squarely WORK; /., LOWER LIP; /. #., LABIAL PALP; 72. AND m’., LONGI-
, BE er Rl Rett TUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE PORTIONS OF THE MOUTH OPENING;
truncated (americanus, ca-
m d., MANDIBLE; m. %., MAXILLA. (COMPARE WITH FIG. 8.)
tostomt) or even emargi-
nate (niger, megalops) lip proper, projecting into the concavity of the
under lip.
In foliaceus, in addition to the transverse opening at the end of the
proboscis, there is a narrow, somewhat lance-shaped longitudinal slit
extending along the anterior surface toward the base of the proboscis.
This slit is considerably longer than the transverse opening, and its
edges are sharply serrated where it merges into the latter.
Hence the mouth opening has an elongated triangular form in folca-
ceus. But in catostom/ the longitudinal slit is very much shorter than
688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
the transverse one, in fact is little more than a notch in the upper lip,
though its edges are still serrated like those of folzaceus. In many of
the other species (niger, megulops, etc.) the longitudinal slit disappears
entirely, leaving a curved mouth opening transverse to the long diam-
eter of the proboscis tube and often slightly enlarged at either end.
In these forms also there is no serration of the edges of the mouth
opening. Just behind the labial palps on either side the chitin frame-
work is thickened somewhat where the longitudinal ribs join the
transverse rods, and to these thickened joints are attached the mandi-
bles and maxille.
The mandibles (md.) are elongated, somewhat triangular or broadly.
sickle-shaped chitin plates, which curve inward and upward toward
each other so that their pointed and toothed tips almost meet in the
mid line of the gullet above the mouth opening.
They are always bordered by sharp-cutting teeth on their inner
margins, and sometimes (americanus, etc.) along the outer margins
also, and are evidently designed to cut and tear the flesh of the para-
site’s host and so stimulate the flow of blood. The two maxille (m.),
for there is but a single pair, are also thin chitinous plates of various
shapes, which are attached at the same place as the mandibles, but
which extend backward and outward behind the mandibles nearly
parallel with each other. They are sometimes toothed on their inner
margins (Thorell), but are usually smooth and terminate in a long
sharp spine, which also is evidently used to stimulate the flow of blood
from the host.
The proximal end of the proboscis passes directly into the short
cesophagus, which in turn opens into the stomach.
These portions of the digestive system are the same in the adult as
in the larva and do not need to be described again here.
The only thing to be added is that the side pouches of the stomach
become more and more branched with age until finally they are entirely
broken up into ramifications, as is well shown in the photograph of
americanus (fig. 84).
The circulatory system.—There is a well-defined heart and a short
aorta which opens directly into the body cavity, but there are no other
blood vessels of any sort. Instead, the blood circulates about freely
through the lacunze and sinuses, which form a network all over the
body, as already described (p. 669).
The blood itself is a colorless liquid in which float numerous cor-
puscles. The latter are smooth, spindle, or pear-shaped, and oceasion-
ally somewhat fibrous at the ends.
As soon as the circulation stops they sink to the bottom, but they
do not become spherical in any American species so long as the animal
remains alive. They contain a well-defined nucleus, which can be
brought out clearly by the addition of a little acetic acid (Leydig).
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 689
The heart lies in the median line of the body, just beneath the skin
of the dorsal surface. It is triangular in outline, the base of the tri-
angle extending squarely across the thorax at its junction with the
abdomen. The apex of the triangle passes directly into a long cylin-
drical aorta, which reaches forward, diminishing gradually in size, to
the brain, under which it opens into the celom. The walls of both
heart and aorta are well supplied with striated muscle fibers by whose
contraction a rythmic pulsation is produced.
Jurine (1806), Leydig (1850), and Claus (1875), have each describedin
some detail the course of the blood currents in fol/aceus, and the pres-
ent author has observed them in the three American species, vers7-
color, americanus, and catostomd.
Of these species the course of the blood in versicolor and catostomé
corresponds quite closely with that given for foliaceus, but in ameri-
canus it is quite different in several details.
In the former species the heart has six openings; of these two are
median and four are paired at the sides (Claus, fig. 37).
One of the median openings is anterior and passes into and through
the aorta and out into the ceelom under the brain. The other is pos-
terior and opens backward through the ventral part of the base of the
triangle into the sinus around the cloaca.
Of the paired openings the anterior pair are ventral and consist of a
diagonal slit on either side just at the base of the aorta. The posterior
pair are lateral and open out of the basal angles of the triangle into the
broad sinus which follows the edge of the abdomen. These lateral
paired openings and the posterior median opening are guarded by
valves, but the other three open and close by the simple approxima-
tion and separation of the edges of the slits.
The heart pulsates about once a second and drives the blood out
through the aorta. This stream almost immediately divides, portions
going to the right and left and bathing the tissues of the head and
antenne, and especially the eyes, which are entirely surrounded by ¢
wide sinus. Another portion turns downward into the common base
of the proboscis and sting and there separates, a part going forward
into the sheath which surrounds the sting and a part backward into
the proboscis.
All these anterior streams turn back on either side to the bases of
the anterior maxillipeds. A part enters the maxillipeds themselves, a
part keeps on posteriorly, passing the bases of the swimming legs and
sending out currents to each, and the remainder turns out sidewise
into the lateral areas of the carapace. Here it percolates through the
lacune, between and around the numerous stomach ramifications,
gradually working its way back in broad curves to the two central
side streams, which finally enter the heart by the ventral unguarded
slits.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——44
690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
At every pulsation also a portion of the blood is driven backward
through the posterior median opening into the sinus around the cloaca.
The bulk of this stream passes directly back to the anus where it
divides, a half passing around the wide sinus on the border of each
lobe of the abdomen.
But portions of the central cloacal stream are given off sidewise all
the way back to the anus; these percolate through the sinuses and
lacunee and around the sexual organs of either lobe and finally join
the returning streams along either mar-
gin and enter the heart through the pos-
terior valved lateral openings..
In this way a constant interchange of
the blood from various parts of the body
is maintained, and that portion of it
which percolates through the lateral
areas of the carapace and the lobes of
the abdomen is thoroughly purified dur-
ing its passage.
The circulation in americanus differs
in several particulars; there are but five
openings in the heart, the ventral one
consisting of a single median longitudinal
slit instead of paired lateral ones (fig.
18). All the blood enters through the
lateral valved openings a; a part of it
passes out of the aorta anteriorly 4 and
another part out of the posterior median
aperture d, and each of these streams
follows the same course as in foliaceus.
But the greater bulk turns downward
Fic. 18.—Dorsat yiew or THe nearr and passes out of the median ventral slit
oe OAImEp LaveRan ogew, Cd" Chis: stream pours (around) the
INGS; }., ANTERIOR OPENING OF aorta; intestine and separates naturally into
Ee see atte @) POSTERIOR VEN” two side streams, running forward past
the bases of the swimming iegs, sending
out lateral streams into each of them, and joining the anterior streams
from the aorta underneath the brain. On its return the blood perco-
lates through the lateral sinuses of the carapace and, joining the
streams from the borders of the abdomen, enters the openings at the
sides of the triangular base of the heart. (See also fig. 19.)
This circulation does not depend for its impetus upon the pulsation
of the heart alone. It is helped, as such lacunal circulation must
always be, by the contraction of muscles in various parts of the body.
Especially is this true of those muscles which contract somewhat
rhythmically, like the muscles of the stomach and intestine in their
peristaltic movements, and of the legs in swimming. There is also a
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 691
network of longitudinal muscles around and over the cloaca which
keeps up a rhythmic contraction that greatly assists circulation.
These have already been mentioned as one of the chief agents in
the larval circulation prior to the development of the heart, and they
seem to retain their function in the adult.
Respiration has been already fully discussed in the larva, and there
is nothing to be added here. It may be well to repeat that respira-
tion is integumental, and that it is not confined exclusively to the
abdomen. The lobes of the carapace have a respiratory function as
important as that of the abdomen, and become the chief centers for
blood purification in those species (catostom7, etc.) whose abdomen is
comparatively very small.
The nervous system is well developed, and consists of a dorsal brain
connected with a ventral chain of ganglia, and nerves running to the
various appendages. The brain consists of two portions, each of
which is lobed (fig. 20). The upper part is situated just beneath the
skin on the dorsal midline of the carapace, right over the common base
of the mouth and sting. Its three lobes have an outline and arrange-
Fic. 19.—SIDE VIEW OF THE HEART OF ARGULUS AMERICANUS (DIAGRAMMATIC). (FOR LETTERING
SEE Fia. 18.)
ment similar to that of the parts of a clover leaf. The outer rounded
portions are almost transparent, but the inner borders, where the
three come in contact, are heavily pigmented, and show through very
prominently as a dark brown, almost black, triangular spot. The
under part is much larger than the upper, is more oyal or elliptical in
shape, and extends some distance in front of the pigment spot. It is
divided along its longitudinal or antero-posterior diameter into two
lobes, each of which passes insensibly at the anterior end into a thick
nerve running to the eye on that side. In most species these optic
nerves have a good-sized swelling, the optic ganglion, on their outer
borders just before reaching the eyes.
The posterior ends of the lobes also pass insensibly into thick-set
commisures, which curve around the cesophagus on either side and
connect with the interior ventral ganglion.
At the point where they leave the lobes there is a considerable
swelling, the ‘*schlundganglion” (Claus). From this swelling a nerve
runs forward to the posterior antenne. There is also another nerve
leading to the anterior antenne from some portion of this ventral
part of the brain, but I have been unable to locate it any more exactly
than Claus.
692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The ventral chain consists of six ganglia placed so near together
that they are almost completely fused. But they can still be distin-
guished clearly by the transverse grooves and constrictions between
them (fig. 20). They diminish in size from in front backward, the
anterior one being about twice the diameter of the posterior. From the
anterior ganglion a stout nerve (there are several others leading from
Fic. 20.—THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF ARGULUS AMERICANUS.
the same ganglion in coregont according to Claus’s figure) is given off
on either side which divides quickly, the anterior branch innervating
the mouth parts, while the posterior branch passes out into the cara-
pace. Another stout nerve is given off usually from the second gan-
glion' which divides and innervates the two pairs of maxillipeds.
‘Leydig states that this nerve comes from the first ganglion in foliaceus. Claus
gives it from the second ganglion in coregoni, an arrangement which exists, also in
americanus and versicolor. It has not yet been located in other species.
ej hte Te a io
NO. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARG ULIDA— WILSON. 693
From each of the other ganglia is given off a pair of nerves (two
pairs in coregon?) which run diagonally backward and innervate the
swimming legs in order. From the posterior ganglion two pairs of
nerves in the American species and foliaceus, and three in coregont,
run directly backward along the ventral wall of the intestine. The
outer of these two pairs goes to the posterior swimming legs; the
inner one runs into the abdomen and innervates its muscles, together
with those of the heart. Especially worthy of notice are the innerva-
Fic. 21.—FEMALE SEXUAL ORGANS OF ARGULUS AMERICANUS. 0., OVARY; ov., OVIDUCT; s. ~., SEMEN
PAPILLE: S. 7., SEMEN RECEPTACLE; ¢. f., TACTILE PAPILLE AT THE OPENING OF THE OVIDUCT.
tions of the basal lobes of the posterior swimming legs, which are used
as tactile organs in egg laying, as already described, the innervation of
the accessory sexual organs on the swimming legs in the male, and
that of the tactile papille on either side of the opening of the oviduct
in the female.
For sense organs the Arguli possess only eyes and tactile organs.
The eyes are large in most species and are made up of 30 to 60 facets,
spherical or ellipsoidal in form, but packed so closely together as to
become more or less angular. The outer portions of these facets are
free from pigment, but the inner portions are heavily pigmented.
694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The whole eye is usually spherical, but in a few species is somewhat
elongated diagonally or crescent shaped.
Each eye is surrounded by a wide blood sinus through which the
blood constantly flows, so that the eyes are continually bathed in it.
The eyes are capable of moving inside these sinuses and often show a
trembling motion similar to that in other copepods.
The tactile organs include the two pairs of antenne, the original
tactile function of the first pair being almost wholly superseded by the
acquired function of prehension, the basal lobes on the posterior legs,
and the long finger papille beside the opening of the oviduct in the
female. There are also tactile setee around the anterior half of the
edge of the carapace, and some at least of the accessory organs in
the male serve primarily as organs of touch (p. 697).
Fie. 22.—SEMEN RECEPTACLES AND PAPILLZ OF ARGULUS AMERICANUS FEMALE UNDER GREATER
ENLARGEMENT. 6./7., BASAL LOBES OF POSTERIOR LEGS; s. d., DUCTS LEADING FROM THE RECEPTA-
CLES TO THE PAPILLH; s.~.. SEMEN PAPILLE; s.7., SEMEN RECEPTACLES; 7.f., TACTILE PAPILLA.
The sexual organs.—The sexes are separate, and the female is usu-
ally larger than the male, though there is no such difference in size as
among some of the other parasitic forms. And in da¢icauda the males are
actually larger than any females thus far found. The females are also
considerably more numerous than the males.
The female sexual organs consist of an unpaired median ovary and
paired seminal receptacles (fig. 21). The ovary starts as an unpaired
ridge of cells along the right or left side of the intestine. In later
development it migrates to the median line, and becomes a simple
receptable for holding the maturing eggs. It reaches from the
stomach to the posterior end of the thorax, where it narrows abruptly
into a short oviduct which opens out at the base of the sinus between
the lobes of the posterior legs. In many species there is a long tactile
No. 1302. AMERICAN PARASITIC ARGULIDA— WILSON. 695
papilla on either side of this external opening, but some are without
it. The walls of the ovary are muscular, and in most species exhibit
peristaltic movements similar to those in the intestine. In some
species the dorsal surface is beset with dark brown pigment spots,
arranged in somewhat regular longitudinal rows. The eggs are spher-
‘cal when first formed, and are each developed inside a small petioled
bag, so that the whole mass takes on the appearance of a bunch of
grapes.
As they grow they become ellipsoidal, and are finally packed
together so tightly as to become angular. Between the egg and the
membrane of the bag in which it is contained is a clear, jelly-like sub-
stance which forms a sort of shell around the egg. The semen recep-
tacles are dark-colored spherical capsules lying in the anterior portion
of the abdomen lobes near the cloaca (fig. 22). From each capsule a
duct (s. d.) runs forward and inward to a hollow conical papilla (s. p.)
situated nearer the midline on the ventral surface. This papilla is in
the anterior end of an elliptical shield composed of several chitin
plates, which covers the ventral surface of the abdomen around the
papilla and holds it securely in place. Near the center of the duct is
a blind appendage. The papille are strongly curved over inward
toward the midline, and both they and the shield plates are capable of
motion.
The outer end of the semen duct leading from the capsules fits into
the papilla as into a sheath and can be withdrawn or extruded at will.
Its tip is contracted and hardened into a sharp chitinous spine, and
when extruded this spine projects from the tip of the papilla and
comes in contact with the egg as the latter issues from the oviduct.
When withdrawn the papilla is closed and the semen is confined to the
receptacle and the proximal part of the duct.
Claus calls attention to the thickness of the eggshell and the con-
sequent necessity of a micropyle through which the sperm may enter
the egg. But he states that careful examination does not reveal any
micropyle, and gives it as his opinion that the sharp chitin spine at
the tip of the duct just noticed pierces the egg shell and makes thus a
passage for the sperm.
However this may be, it is certain that the egg as it issues from the
oviduct, and is grasped between the bases of the posterior legs and
carried back into place on the underlying surface, must come forcibly
in contact with this spine and receive from ita discharge of sperm.
The male sexual organs may be distinguished first as essential and
accessory. The essential organs include the testes, an unpaired sem-
inal receptacle, the ducts leading from the testes to the receptacle and
from the receptacle to the sexual opening, and a pair of blind capsules
connected with the latter ducts (fig. 23). The testes are situated in
the lobes of the abdomen in a position corresponding to that of the
696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
seminal receptacles in the female. They are much larger than the
receptacles, however, and as a result the abdomen of the male is com-
paratively larger and longer than that of the female of the same species.
The testes (¢.) are ovoid or ellipsoidal in shape, and in nearly every
species are covered on the dorsal surface with dark pigment spots cor-
responding to those on the dorsal surface of the ovary. From the
no. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 749
Length 54% inches (150 millimeters).
Type.—No. 50578, U. 5. National Museum.
Locality, Station 3768, off Kinkwazan in Matsushima Bay, where it
was dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross.
This species is known to us from the type described above, and
another small specimen, cotypical, is No. 7121, Ichthyological Collec-
tions, Leland Stanford Junior University.
(zoikikéipe@y, in varied garb.)
4. BOTHROCARA Bean.
Bothrocara Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.; 1890, p. 38 (mollis).
Body elongate, compressed, semitranslucent, covered with smal]
scales; small teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; mucous pores
about head largely developed, no ventral fins; dorsal and anal joined
to caudal. Deep-sea fishes allied to Zycodes, but lacking ventrals.
(BoOpos, cavity; Kapa, head.)
4. BOTHROCARA ZESTA Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 5; depth 82; D. 112; A..92; P.17; eye 64 im head: 2 in snout:
2 in interorbital space; 2% in maxillary; snout 3z in head; maxillary
24 in head; depth of head 1% its length; pectoral 2 in head; head 1 in
trunk; head and trunk 14 in tail; width at corners of mouth 3 in head.
Fic, 3.—BOTHROCARA ZESTA.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, and tapering to a point. Head
very broad, its breadth 1§ in its length; large muciferous cavities
covered with rather strong soft membrane; eye rather small, high,
and before the center of the length of the head; maxillary large and
reaching to below the posterior part of the eye; teeth in the upper
jaw in two series, the outer the larger; teeth in lower jaw ina single
series on the sides and in front with several series forming a rather
large patch about the symphysis; palatine and vomerine teeth ina
single series; tongue rather large, thick, rounded, and free in front;
nostrils each in a small tube nearer the tip of the snout than the eye
and a trifle nearer each other than the interorbital space; interorbital
space rather convex; snout produced, rounded; lips fleshy; upper jaw
produced beyond the lower. Gill-opening large, the gill-membrane
rather narrowly joined to the isthmus; pseudobranchiv a few small
750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
filaments; gill-rakers rather numerous and of moderate size; branch-|
iostegals strong and 6 in number. Os
Head paecae the body covered with very small round ecycloid scales. |
Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, the latter terminating in a sharp)
point; origin of the dorsal a little behind the base of the pectorals}
pectoral broad and pointed. Lateral line absent.
Color in alcohol plain brown, each scale on the body a little lighter; }
pectorals pale with their basal portions brownish; gill openings black;
inside.
Length, 19 inches (482 millimeters);
Type.—No. 50576, U.S. National Museum.
Locality, Station 3696, Sagami Bay, from the U. S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross dredgings.
Cotypes from Station 3696, in Sagami Bay, where they were dredged |
by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer A//atross, are in the Leland |
Stanford Junior University. !
This species is very close to Bothrocara mollis of Bean, and is dis- |
tinguished chiefly by the increased number of dorsal and anal rays,
which are at least 112 without any of the caudal rays.
(Ceoros, soft boiled, in allusion to the cavernous head.)
Family Il. CARAPID 2.
PEARL-FISHES.
Body elongate, compressed, tapering into a long and slender tail;
no scales; teeth cardiform on jaws, vomer, and palatines; canine teeth
often present; no barbels; lower jaw included; vent at the throat; gill- |
membranes somewhat united, free from the isthmus; no pseudo- |
branchie; no pyloric ceca; vertical fins very low, confluent, without
spines; no ventral fins; pectoral fins present or absent. Small shore
fishes of tropical seas, often living in shells of mollusks, echinoderms,
etc., being especially often commensal with the pearl oyster and with
the larger //olothuria.
a. Pectoral fins present; no distinct caudal fin; gill-membranes connected ante-
riorly only: 222 Joe .2255' leeches el ee Carapus, 5
5. CARAPUS Rafinesque.
|
|
|
Carapus Ra¥tnEsquk, Indice. Ittiol. Siciliana, 1810, p. 57 (acus; originally
intended for a Gymnotus).
Fierasfer Cuvier, Régne Anim., Ist. ed., II, 1817, p. 2393 (imberbe = acus).
Echiodon Troompson, Proe. Zor it Soc. load 1837, p. 55 (drummondi).
Diaphasia Lown, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1848, p. 92 (acus) .
Oxybeles Richarpson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 74 (homet).
Porobronchus Kaur, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1860, p. 272 (larva of Fierasfer acus).
Carapus GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 152 (after Rafinesque, 1810).
Vexillifer Gasco, Bull. Assoc. Nat. Med. Napoli, 1870, p. 59 (larva of Fierasfer—
acus ). .
Lefroyia Jones, Zoologist, IX, 1874, p. 3838 (bermudensis).
e
No. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 151
Gill-membranes little connected, leaving the isthmus bare. No dis-
tinct caudal fin; pectoral fins developed. The species of this genus
are not well known. and their characters and nomenclature are uncer-
tain.
(Carapo, the Portuguese name of Gymnotus, with which genus this
fish was supposed to be congeneric. In case the name Carapus is
regarded as a synonym of Gymnotus the name /Yerasfer should be
restored. )
5. CARAPUS KAGOSHIMANUS (Steindachner and Doderlein).
Fierasfer kagoshimanus STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887,
p. 27; Kagoshima.
Head 7} (in total); depth 13% (in total); eye 13 in snout; 3% in
head; 24 in interorbital space; head 24 times as long as wide, and 13
times as long as deep; pectoral 24 in head. Small teeth in both jaws,
on the vomer and palatines, the vomerine in a short band. Gill-open-
mgs broad; the united gill-membranes joined only to a small part of
the isthmus. Vertical fins very low. the dorsal no more than } the
length of the body; origin of anal below base of pectoral. Color uni-
form pink; top of head with fine black dots. Length 433 inches (110
millimeters). Locality, harbor of Kagoshima. (Steindachner and
Déderlein.)
Not seen by us.
Family IV. OPHIDUD.
CUSK-EELS.
Body elongate, compressed, more or less eel-shaped, usually covered
with very small scales, which are not imbricated, but placed in oblique
series at right angles with each other; head large; lower jaw included;
poth jaws, and usually vomer and palatines also, with villiform or
sardiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile; gill-openings very wide;
the gill-membranes separate, anteriorly narrowly joined to the isthmus
behind the ventrals; pseudobranchiz small. Gills +, a slit behind the
fourth; vent more or less posterior. Vertical fins lower, without
spines, confluent around the tail; tail isocercal; ventral fins at the
throat, each developed as a long forked barbel. Air bladder and pylo-
ric ceca present. To this Dr. Gill adds also the following characters,
shared more or less by related families: ‘*Orbitorostral portion of
‘ranium contracted and shorter than the posterior, the cranial cavity
closed in part by the expansion and junction of the parasphenoid and
frontals, the supraoccipital horizontal and cariniform posteriorly, the
sxoccipitals expanded backward and upward behind the supraoccipi-
fal, the exoccipital condyles contiguous, and with the hypercoracoid
‘scapula, Parker) fenestrate (or foraminate) about its center, and the
hypocoracoid with its inferior process divergent from the proscapula.”
(52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV,_
Genera 7, species about 25. Carnivorous fishes, found in most warm |
seas, some of them descending to considerable depths, the group espe:
cially well represented in tropical America.
a. Head scaleless; scales of body rudimentary, scarcely embedded; opercle endin
in a sharp spine, concealed by the skin; air bladder short and broad, with a large
foramen behind - 2.225... 2. eel scce ees ee rene Otophidium,
6.. OTOPHIDIUNL Gilt
Otophidium Gri, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. North Amer., 1885, p. 126 (omostigma).
This genus differs from Ophidion in the form of the air bladder,
which is short and thick and with a large foramen. The opercle ends
in a concealed spine as in Chilara.
(ovs, ear; Ophidium.)
6. OTOPHIDIUM ASIRO Jordan and Fowler, new species.
.
|
|
.
Head 5; depth 6§; D. 155; A. 125; P. 25; eye 4 in head, 2} in max-}
illary; snout 5 in head, 25 in maxillary; maxillary 14 in ned pectoral.
24: depth of head 14 in its length; head 1 in trunk; head and trunk
12 in tail. |
Sasa LS WOT EN Beh OP A
F1G. 4.—OTOPHIDIUM ASIRO.
icsaaiattendti Lee
Body elongate, deep and compressed, the tail tapering to a point. |
Head pomipreaied: about as broad as body in front; snout rather
bluntly rounded; eye large, its posterior edge much nearer tip of snout :
than gill-opening; maxillary reaching a little beyond posterior are
of eye, and its distal extremity eepmaded so that it is equal to 4 its
length; nostrils rather small directly in front of the eye; teeth in
‘rather broad bands in the jaws, and with an outer enlarged series;
vomerine and palatine teeth conical; tongue rather slender, pointed,
and adnate to the floor of the mouth. Gill-openings very large, joined
to the isthmus; pseudobranchie of a few small filaments; gill-rakers —
large, 3+ 3 in the first arch. Opercular spine large, covered by skin. —
Head naked; body covered more or less with elongated small cycloid
scales.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, the latter terminating in a point;
origin of the dorsal before the tip of the pectoral; pectoral rather
small, its margin rather pointed; ventrals jugular, of two rather long
‘ Recpislnienaiaeteaaais Res
0.1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 7538
laments, the longest about 14 in head, and their bases anterior to the
niddle of the eye. Lateral line superior, on the back, and concurrent
vith its dorsal outline to the base of the caudal. Air bladder large,
hick, and short, with a large foramen.
Color in alcohol plain uniform brown, the edges of the caudal,
lorsal, and anal blackish brown; opercles brassy.
Length, 83'5 inches (204 millimeters).
Type. —No. 7123, Ichthyological collections, Leland Stanford Junior
Jniversity Museum. Locality, Misaki; presented by the Imperial
Jniversity of Tokyo.
(asiro, the vernacular name.)
Family V. BROTULID.
Body elongate, compressed, regularly tapering behind, the tail gen-
rally subtruncate at base of caudal fin, not isocercal; vent submedian;
cales cycloid and minute, embedded in the lax skin, which more or less
nvelopes the fins, sometimes wanting; mouth large, with teeth usually
n broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; gill-openings very large,
he membranes mostly free from the isthmus; vertical fins united or
ontinuous at base of caudal; dorsal fin beginning not far from nape;
audal narrow or pointed; ventral fins small, few-rayed,.attached to
he humeral arch and more or less in advance of pectoral. Pyloric
zeca few (1 or 2), rarely obsolete or in increased number (12); max-
llaries generally enlarged behind and produced toward the upper
ngle. Pseudobranchiz small or wanting, hypercoracoid with the
isual foramen, as in Blennioid fishes. These fishes are closely related
0 Zoarcidxe. Inspite of curious external resemblances to the Gudide,
heir affinities are decidedly with the Blennioid forms rather than with
he jatter. Species largely of the depths of the sea; 2 species in Cuba
legenerated into blind cave fishes.
. Brotuline: Snout and lower jaw each with about 3 long barbels; vertical fins
united; ventrals close together, each of two rays divided at the tips ..Brotula, 7
a. Snout and lower jaw without barbels.
b. Bythitine: Caudal not differentiated, on a distinct caudal peduncle; eyes well
developed; body scaly; ventrals inserted on the isthmus near the humeral
symphysis; deep-sea species.
c. Pectoral fins normal, the lower rays not elongate.
d. Ventral fins close together, each of a single undivided ray; lateral line sim-
ple, obsolete behind; preopercle unarmed; opercle with a single spine.
e. Head naked, covered with loose skin, with fine papillee; bones of skull
extremeliy.GaviernoOus =. 2 5-c;ss 228 soto toe eee Myxocephalus, 8
cormLlicadslanceliy scalllves sss ea eet eet ee Ne Sirembo, 9
dd. Ventral fins of two rays each, separated at tip.
jf. Lateral line simple, indistinct posteriorly.
g. Preopercle unarmed; head large.
h. Ventral fins well separated, rather long -...-..----- Bassogigas, 10
gg. Preopercle with 2 spines; head extremely sealy ....--.. Watasea, 11
Proce NoMe vol. xxv—02 4S
754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXy,
‘ggg. Preopercle with 3 spines; head naked anteriorly .. Hoplobrotula, 12
ff. Lateral line represented by three rows of pores, dorsal, lateral, and_
ventral; head with numerous spines and mucous pores; opercular
spinejstraight. + P52 5 oes, eee ee nee ee ee Porogadus, 13
cc. Pectoral with the lower rays free, produced beyond the upper; preopercle
with 3 spines; ventrals simple, well separated ..........- Pteroidonus, 14°
‘:
7. BROTULA Cuvier.
Brotula Cuvier, Régne Animal, 2d ed., II, 1829, p. 296 (barbata).
Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute, smooth scales; eye
moderate; mouth medium, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and |
palatines; lower jaw included; each jaw with 3 barbels on each side. .
Dorsal fin longand low, the dorsal and anal joined to the caudal. Ventral)
fins close together, very slender, each of two rays separated at the tip.
Eight branchiostegals. Air bladder large, with 2 horns posteriorly. |
One pyloric cecum. Vertebre 16+ 39=55. Tropical.
(rotula, Spanish name of Brotula barbata.)
7. BROTULA MULTIBARBATA Schlegel.
ITACHI-UWO (WEASEL-FISH); UMINAMAZU (SEA CAT-FISH).
Brotula multibarbata SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 251, pl. ru, fig. 25 |
Nagasaki.—GtNnruHeEr, Cat. Fish., 1V, 1862, p. 371; Japan, Celebes, Amboina, |
Buru.—Isuikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 26; Tokyo.—SrrinpacHner, Reise |
H. M. 8. Aurora, 1898, p. 216; Kobe (good description ).
Brotula japonica StEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 245
Tokyo.
Head, 5 (in total); depth. 4 to 4$ (in total); D., C., and A. 1863}
P. 22; V. 1; B. 8; Cec. pylor. 2; interorbital space, $ the eye; vens
tral, 3 of head.
Body elongate, the tail very compressed and terminating in a point;
swelling of trunk behind pectorals somewhat more than half the depth)
of the body. Head rounded above; eye equal to snout; snout with a}
slight projection above in front; maxillary extends to the posterior}
band of velvety teeth in jaws, on vomer, and on palatines; opercular|
margin pointed behind; operculum with a strong spine posteriorly;,
mandibular barbels 6, the longest about 4 the head; 6 superior barbels, |
these ¥ longer than those below. |
Body and head covered with small, smooth, round scales, the sur-/
face finely granulated. |
Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, and the last terminating in a
rounded point; the origin of the dorsal is about over that of the pee-
toral; pectorals inferior, rounded, hardly half the head; ventrals close}
together, of 2 filaments united, the inner 4 shorter than the outer.)
Vent in about 3 the total length. Lateral line superior, with a dis-
tinct curve anteriorly. :
no. 1308. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. WD
General color when fresh reddish brown; abdomen paler; pectorals
olivaceous; all the fins bordered with whitish; lips, barbels, and ven-
trals somewhat reddish; iris grayish. Shimabara. (Schlegel.)
This species is apparently rare in Japan; no specimens being found
in our collections. It was described by Schlegel from Shimabara, near
Nagasaki, by Déderlein from off Tokyo, and by Steindachner from
Kobe.
(multum, many; barbatus, bearded.)
8. MYXOCEPHALUS Steindachner and Doéderlein.
Myxocephalus STEINDACHNER and DépeERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 25.
(japonicus).
Body short, rather deep, greatly compressed, and ending in a point
behind; covered with moderate-sized, smooth, and elongate scales.
Head very large, broad, thick, rounded, without scales, covered with
soft loose skin beset with small, short, shred-like filaments or papill;
the bones with large mucous cavities opening by pores. Eye small,
mouth rather large; teeth villiform on vomer, palatines, and in jaws;
no barbels: preopercle unarmed; opercle with a spine. Gill-openings
very large and the membranes narrowly free over the isthmus. Dorsal
and anal.in a broad basal membrane in front. Ventrals close together
below opercles, each of a single ray. Lateral line arched till over
vent, then straight to the base of the caudal. No pyloric ceca. Pseu-
dobranchix rudimentary or absent.
(uvSos, mullet; Kedadn, head.)
8. MYXOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS Steindachner and Déderlein.
ITACHI (MINK OR WEASEL).
Myxocephalus japonicus STEINDACHNER and D6DERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887,
p- 25; off Tokyo.
Plead 3%; depth about 4; D. 134; A. 100; P. 31; V. 1; greatest
depth of body 14 in the head; breadth of head 14; depth of head
about 14; interorbital space, 3; width of mouth, 24; maxillary, 23;
snout 5; eye 7; eye, 1y in snout, 3 in maxillary, 25 in interorbital
space; pectoral 13 in head; ventral, 2.
Body greatly compressed, rather short and deep, the tail tapering
to a point. Head very large, broad, thick, and oblong; snout very
blunt, obtuse, broad, and rounded above; eye small, lateral, its pos-
terior margin at the first third of the head; preorbital and infra-
orbitals broad; posterior nostrils large, directly in front of the eye;
anterior nostrils ina large tube near the tip of the snout; a large pore
exterior to the anterior nostrils on each side, another on each side of
the head above; gill-rakers large, thick, more or less variable and
about ;°;; a slit after the fourth gill-arch,
ps
Ce
756 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Head naked, the rest of the body covered with elongate smooth |
cycloid scales. Along the bases of the dorsal and anal anteriorly a_
rather thin broad membrane concealing the bases of the fin rays.
Dorsal originating a little behind the base of the pectoral, confluent
with the anal and caudal, the latter terminating in a sharp point; pec-_
toral long, its base thick, broad, and the middle rays forming a blunt
angle; nostrils close together and situated a little posterior to the pos-
terior margin of the preoperculum. Lateral line high in front, curved
till about over the vent, when it runs medianly along the sides to the
base of the caudal.
Color in alcohol uniform dark brown; pectorals, dorsal, caudal, anal,
and inside of gill-opening black; the filaments on the head blackish;
lower surface of the head slightly pale.
Total length, 15$ inches (400 millimeters).
Fic. 5.—MYXOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS.
This species is known to us from the specimen described above, col-
lected at Uraga, near Misaki, by Capt. Alan Owston. It differs from
Steindachner’s description somewhat, especially in the presence of
rudimentary or small pseudobranchie, slightly broader head, and
greater number of fin rays.
9. SIREMBO Bleeker.
Sirembo BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo. Nederl., III, Japan, IV, 1858, p. 22
(amberbis ).
Brotella Kaur, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1858, p. 92 (imberbis) .
Body elongate, covered with very small scales. Lateral line simple,
well developed anteriorly, indistinct behind. Eye moderate, vertical
fins united; ventral fins each reduced to a single filament, the two
inserted close together, on the humeral symphysis. Jaws, vomer, and
palatines with bands of villiform teeth. Lower jaw included. Snout
without barbels. Air-bladder present. Preopercle unarmed; opercle
with spines. Shore fishes of Japan.
(Name unexplained. )
no. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. [57
9g. SIREMBO IMBERBIS Schlegel.
UMIDOJO (SEA LOACH).
Brotula imberbis ScHuEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, pl. 253, p. 11, fig. 3;
Nagasaki.
Sirembo imberbis BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo Nederl., III, 1857, Japan, IV, p. 22.
ead 45; “depth 52; D. about -90; A: about 67; P. 22; V. 1;
depth of body 11 in head; eye + in head, 2 in maxillary; snout 5 in
head, 24 in maxillary; pectoral 14 in head; ventrals 14; head 1 in
trunk; head and trunk about 1} in tail.
Body oblong, greatly compressed, and the tail tapering to a point.
Head oblong, compressed; snout truncate, rounded, blunt, less than
the eye; eye superior, somewhat elongate, its posterior margin much
nearer the snout than the gill-opening; mouth large, the maxillary
expanded and reaching a little beyond the eye; expanded extremity of
maxillary with its posterior edge concave and its breadth at this point
about two-thirds the eye; nostrils lateral, in front of eye on the snout;
interorbital space a little less than eye, and almost flat; teeth in villi-
form bands in the jaws and on vomerand palatines; tongue very thick,
pointed, and little free in front; infraorbital rather narrow; lips
rather fleshy. Gill-openings large, the membranes not united, and
the isthmus narrow; pseudobranchie rather small; gill-rakers 5 +- 15,
and only those on the upper part of the arch below the bend elongated
and thick, the others small, rounded, and rudimentary.
The body covered with rather large, round scales. Head almost
entirely scaled.
Dorsal beginning behind the pectoral and, like the anal, rather high;
dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a sharp point;
pectoral rather broad, pointed behind; ventrals jugular, each of a
single ray and with their bases close together below the posterior part
of the eye. Lateral line superior and concurrent with the back to the
base of the caudal.
Color in alcohol brown, darker above, paler beneath, and silvery;
opercles with a dark spot; pale longitudinal stripes on the sides, the
first from the snout across the upper part of the eye, so that a dark
stripe runs below this through the eye, then below this latter another
white stripe from the base of the pectoral above, and, finally, below
this another darker one, which is indistinct; along the base of the
dorsal are a number of dark-brown blotches, and another series is also
seen along the lateral line; bases of dorsal, anal, and caudal very pale;
dorsal margined broadly with blackish, the tail grayish, the anal with
a narrow white border, and also with a blackish marginal longitudinal
band; pectorals and ventrals pale.
Length 9;'; inches (230 millimeters).
Described from Nagasaki examples.
758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
This species occurs at moderate depths and is common in southern
Japan. Our numerous specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura,
and Nagasaki. At Nagasaki it is especially abundant, and is by no
means a deep-water fish.
(‘mberbis, beardless. )
10. BASSOGIGAS Gill.
Bassogigas Gi, in Goode and Bean, Oceanic Ichthyology, 1895, p. 329 (grandis) .
Body elongate, compressed, covered with thick, heavy skin, which
obscures all the angles of the skull. Scales small, covering the head
completely. Lateral line indistinct behind. Eye moderate. Vertical
tins united about the tail; ventral fins well separated, each one a bifid
filament. Snout slightly produced, without barbels, the lower jaw
slightly included. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the
vomerine patch V-shaped. Opercle with a long sharp spine; preopercle
unarmed. Air bladder present; pseudobranchiz small. Deep seas,
both Atlantic and Pacific.
(Bacoos, deep sea; yiya’s, giant.)
10. BASSOGIGAS GRANDIS Giunther.
Sirembo grandis GinrHer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1877, p. 437; near Yoko-
hama in deep water.
Neobythites grandis GixTHER, Deep Sea Fishes, Challenger, p. 100, pl. xx1, fig. A;
near Yokohama.
Head rather short and broad, with obtuse snout overlapping the
lower jaw; eye small, about 4 the length of snout and ,'; the head;
mouth rather wide, the maxillary extending to behind the eye; barbels
none; teeth of jaws, vomer, and palatines in villiform bands; vomerine
teeth form a triangular patch much broader than long; width of pala-
tine band exceeds that of intermaxillary; a deep groove in the skin
descends from the anterior nostril toward the maxillary and reascends
toward the median line of the extremity of the snout, cutting off an
anterior lobe as in some sciwnoids; several pores leading into the
muciferous system are hidden in the groove; a few small open pores
near the symphysis of the mandible; nostrils gaping, oval openings, of
which the anterior is surrounded by a membranous wall; preoperculum
crescent shaped, without any armature; operculum with a strong spine
above.
Scales minute; also the entire head, even the space between the nos-
trils, covered with minute scales.
Dorsal, like the anal, enveloped in a thick, scaly skin; it begins with
short rays above the middle of the pectoral; pectoral rounded, broad,
and remarkably short, about half as long as the head; ventrals inserted
below the angle of the preoperculum: each ventral filament is bifid,
the inner part being the longer; distance of vent from root of pectoral
ee ee
no. 1303. JAPANESE ee Ss JORDAN AND FOWLER. 759
more than the oe et the head. Later al line indistinct for ae
greater part of the course.
Color brown, darker behind, lighter in front; fins blackish, cavity
of mouth gray, peritoneum black. Total length 293 inches; head 54
inches; ventral filament 3 inches; snout to vent 123 inches.
Locality, south of Tokyo, near Yokohama, at Station 257 (Challenger)
in 1,875 fathoms. (Giinther.) Not taken by us.
(Grandis, great.)
11. WATASEA Jordan and Snyder.
Watasea JorDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 765 (sivicola).
Body elongate and completely covered with small scales. Head
scaled, blunt; eye moderate; the jaws equal; no barbels; teeth in jaws,
vomer, and palatines minute, blunt, and in bands; preopercle with
two spines; vertical fins united, the caudal pointed; pectorals
accutely rounded; ventrals close together, each of two rays; eight
branchiostegals.
(Named for Sho Watase, professor of Animal Morphology in the
Imperial University of Tokyo.)
11. WATASEA SIVICOLA Jordan and Snyder.
Watasea sivicola JonpAn and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 765, pl.
xxxvu; Misaki, Yokohama.
Head, 4%; depth, 53; D. 94; A. 74; scales in lateral line about 100;
scales between middle of base of dorsal and lateral line, 8; between
origin of dorsal and lateral line, 11; between lateral line and anal,
about 25; head as long as trunk; head and ee 12 in tail; depth of
body, 14 in head; eye, 4%; snout, 6; maxillary, 2; i ueronbitall space, 43;
width of head at maxillaries, 24; pectoral, 13; ventral, 13.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, its greatest width much less
than the breadth of the head, and tapering into a pointed tail. Head
oblong, compressed; snout very blunt, truncate; jaws equal; eyes
small, elongate, lateral, and its posterior margin about the first 3 of
the head; maxillary very large, extending far beyond the eye, mul its
distal expanded moiety 14 in the eye, and its posterior margin concave;
supplemental maxillary voll developed and concealed by the infraorbit-
als, which are much less than the eye diameter; teeth in jaws, on vomer
and palatines in broad villiform bands; lips thin; tongue rather broad,
thick, pointed, and little free in front; nostrils rather large and the
posterior the larger; upper profile straight from snout to occiput; pre-
operculum with 2 strong, broad, sharp spines pointed back; opercle
with a strong spine above, directed backward and slightly inclined
downward; head with mucous cavities and pores; interorbital space
convex, its width much greater than snout. Gill-opening very large,
760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
the isthmus narrow, and the membrane joined to it under the eye;
a band of villiform teeth along the floor of the pharynx, beginning on
the tongue and the pharyngobranchials above, forming a toothed area
posteriorly similar to those below; pseudobranchiz small; gill-rakers
5+ 11 on first arch, somewhat thick, blunt, and long; branchiostegals, 8. _
Head and body covered with elongated, smooth, cycloid scales; bases
of pectoral and dorsal rays with small scales.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a point; the
membrane at base of the fins not fleshy; dorsal beginning about 4 the
length of the head from its posterior end; pectoral short, pointed, and
only reaching about % the space between its own origin and the vent;
ventrals only separated by a narrow space, inserted about midway
between the posterior edge of maxillary and tip of lower preopercular
spine; the inner filament the longer and reaching midway in the space
between its base and the vent, the undivided basal portions of ventrals
equal to 14 eye diameters. Lateral line running along the upper third
of the body and disappearing at a point about + the length of the head
from the base of the caudal.
Color in alcohol plumbeous gray, and more or less silvery below.
Length, 9,3; inches (234 millimeters).
This description from the type No. 6375, Ichthyological Collections,
Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Locality, Misaki, in
Sagami. Taken in deep water.
Another is in the U. S. National Museum (No. 49707), taken by
Mr. P. L. Jouy off Yokohama.
(Kuro Shiwo, the Black Current, colo, to inhabit.)
12. HOPLOBROT ULA- Gilk
Hoplobrotuia Gitu, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 253 (armata).
This genus differs from Watasea and S7rembo in having three strong
spines on the preopercle. Maxillary and anterior parts of head naked;
posterior upper part of maxillary free from the suborbital; ventral
fins bifid; lateral line simple; well developed anteriorly.
(Ozhor, armature; Brotula.)
12. HOPLOBROTULA ARMATA (Schlegel).
Brotula armata SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, 1847, p. 255; Nagasaki.
Sirembo armata STEINDACHNER and DépERLEIN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 24;
Tokyo.
Hoplobrotula armata JorpAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 767,
pl. xxxvii; Nanaura in Boshu.
Head, 42; depth, 54; D., 86; A., 74; P.,,23; V., 2; scales in lateral
series, 112; scales between base of dorsal and lateral line, 9; scales
between lateral line and anal, 27; head and trunk, 14 in tail; depth of
head, 14 in its length; width of head, 1} in its length; eye, 5 in head;
No.1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 761
snout, 44; maxillary, 2; interorbital space, 4; width of mouth at maxil-
laries, 1§; pectoral, 12; ventrals, 1 3.
Body elongate, greatly compressed, its greatest width much less
than the breadth of the head, and tapering into a pointed tail. Head
oblong, compressed; snout very blunt, truncate; jaws equal; eye small,
elongate, lateral and its posterior margin about the first 2 of the length
of the head; maxillary very large, extending far beyond eye, its distal
expanded moiety equal to snout, and the posterior edge slightly
emarginate; supplemental maxillary well developed and not entirely
slipping under the infraorbitals, which are not as broad as the eye
diameter; teeth in rather broad, rough, villiform bands on vomer and
palatines and in the jaws; lips fleshy and more or less papillose or
shredded; tongue very broad, thick, pointed, and hardly free in front;
nostrils in front of eye; upper profile straight from snout to occiput;
preoperculum with 3 strong spines protruding through the skin, the
lower one pointing downward and the other 2 pointing downward
and backward; opercle with a strong spine above, bent down and
backward; a number of mucous pores on bead, several on opercles
above, on the mandible, orbitals, and 2 large ones at the edge of
the snout in front of nostrils; interorbital space convex, its width
equal to snout. Gill-opening very large, the isthmus long and nar-
row, and the membrane thick, united directly below front of eye; a
toothed area extending from near tip of tongue to posterior part of
pharynx, the roof of which is furnished with a toothed surface similar
to those of the jaws; pseudobranchiz very small; gill-rakers 5 + 16,
thick, short, those of the upper limb and all but 5 of the lower
reduced to mere rounded elevations, the other short and flat; branchi-
ostegals, 8.
Head naked, except opercles, the sides of head above, and preoper-
cles, which are covered with rather large cycloid scales; scales on body
similar, becoming elongated at the end of the tail.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a point; the
membrane at base of the fins rather fleshy; dorsal beginning above over
the first third of pectoral, or at a distance behind head equal to one-fourth
the latter’s length; pectoral long, pointed, and reaching vent; ventrals
divided to within a short distance of their base, the remaining basal
space not divided equal to an eye in diameter; the inner ventral ray
the longest and not quite to the base of pectoral; the ventrals are
inserted below the anterior portion of the eye. Lateral line superior,
approaching nearer to the back posteriorly, and becoming obsolete at
a distance from the tip of the caudal equal to three-fourths the length
of the head.
Color in alcohol uniform pale brown overlaid with silvery, the dorsal
and anal becoming deep brown posteriorly like the caudal, which is
entirely the same color.
762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Length, 15% inches (403 millimeters).
This description from the specimen described by Jordan and Sny-
der, obtained at Nanaura, in Boshu, near Misaki, and presented by
the Imperial University of Japan to the Stanford University Collection.
(armatus, armed.)
18. POROGADUS Goode and Bean.
Porogadus Goopr and Bran, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, p. 602 (miles).
Body brotuliform, much compressed; head with numerous spines
on interorbital space, 2 pairs on the shoulders, 1 at angle of oper-
culum, and a double series on angle of preoperculum; head with
numerous mucous pores, as in Bassozetus; mouth large; snout mod-
erate, not projecting much beyond the upper jaw; jaws nearly equal
in front; teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines;
barbel none; gill-openings wide, membranes narrowly united, not
attached to the isthmus; gills 4; gill lamine short; gill-rakers mod-
erate, numerous; pseudobranchie absent; caudal fin of few rays, on a
very narrow base, not prolonged, scarcely differentiated from the
vertical fins; dorsal and anal fins well developed; pectorals simple,
moderate; each ventral a single bifid ray close to the humeral sym-
physis; branchiostegals 8; scales small; lateral line apparently triple
or replaced by 3 series of pores—1 close to ventral outline, 1 median,
and another along base of dorsal.
(zopos, pore; Gadus, the cod fish.)
13. POROGADUS GUNTHERI Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head, 62; depth, 113; head and trunk, 32 in tail: depth of body, 13
in head; eye, 6; snout, 34; maxillary, 12; interorbital space, 34; width
between maxillaries, 22; pectoral, 14; ventral, 15.
Body very elongate, compressed so that it is not as broad as the
head, and gradually tapering posteriorly into a long, slender tail.
Head about equal to trunk, compressed, oblong; snout broad, convex
above, and much greater than eye; eye lateral, its position much before
middle of head; jaws equal, mouth broad, the maxillary expanded
distally, its posterior edge concave, and equal to the eye, and project-
ing far beyond; supplemental maxillary well developed and not con-
cealed by the orbitals; teeth in narrow, villiform bands in jaws, on
vomer, and on palatines; lips thin; tongue small, thick, pointed, and
free in front; anterior nostrils not evident, the posterior very large,
in front of eye; upper profile straight from snout to occiput; head
with many spines; opercular spine sharp; gill-opening very large, the
membrane narrowly free over the narrow isthmus; a narrow median
band of villiform teeth along the floor of the pharynx and the roof
also with an area of villiform teeth; pseudobranchie reduced to 2
no. 13038. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 763
small filaments; gill-rakers, 5424 on the first arch and only 19 on the
lower part of the arch, long, attenuated, and well developed; branchi-
ostegals, 8.
Head and body covered with small, smooth cycloid scales, perhaps
200 in a lateral series.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a point;
the dorsal beginning a little behind the base of pectoral; pectoral
small, pointed, and reaching more than half the distance in space
between its base and vent; ventrals close together, each of two fila-
ments and inserted below the head nearer the base of the pectoral than
the extremity of the maxillary; undivided basal portion of the ven-
trals equal to two-thirds the eye. Lateral lines of large pores rather
widely separated, running along the base of the dorsal, the sides
medianly, the sides of the abdomen, and the base of the anal below.
Color in alcohol for the greater part brown, the sides and lower part
of the head together with the abdomen black; top of the head, snout
and orbital region gray-white.
FIG. 6.—POROGADUS GUNTHERT.
Length, 8;’; inches (211 millimeters).
Type.—No. 50577, U. S. National Museum.
Locality in Sagami Bay, at Station No. 3696, where it was dredged
in 501 to 749 fathoms by the U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross.
Cotypes No. 7124 are in the Ichthyological Collections, Leland
Stanford Junior University
(Named for Dr. Albert Giinther.)
14. PTEROIDONUS Gunther.
Pteroidonus GinTHER, Deep-Sea Fishes Challenger, 1887, p. 106 (quinquarius).
Body elongate, compressed, covered with small scales. Head oblong,
thick, covered with scales; eye small; snout broad, with rounded pro-
file mcluding lower jaw, and without barbel; mouth wide, bands of
villiform teeth in the jaws, on vomer, and palatines; operculum with
a straight spine; preoperculum armed. Eight branchiostegals; gill-
lamine rather short; gill rakers rather long, lanceolate, and widely set;
- pseudobranchie none. Vertical fins united, but the narrow caudal
764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXv.
projecting beyond the short anal and dorsal rays; the lower pectoral
‘ays are incompletely united with the upper part of the fin and are
prolonged; ventrals reduced to a simple filament, inserted behind the
humeral symphysis, and somewhat distant from each other. Lateral
line incomplete, close to the dorsal profile. A true deep-sea form.
(Pterots, Onus.)
14. PTEROIDONUS QUINQUARIUS Giunther.
Pteroidonus quinquarius GéNTHER, Deep-Sea Fishes Challenger, 1887, p. 106; Deep
99ORn
Sea of Japan, Station 235, 565 fathoms.
ID. 99; A. 87; P. 15-5; V.1; C.5; B. 8; 35 scales transversely above
vent; eye, 7 in head; caudal, 73.
Body elongate, compressed, its depth being less than the length of
the head, which equals the distance between the vent and the root of
the pectoral fin. Head not much deeper than broad, its depth equal
to the length of its postorbital portion and flat above; eye small, with-
out orbital fold, much shorter than snout, lateral, and situated imme-
diately below the upper profile of the head; no spines about orbit;
snout broad, rather depressed, overlapping the lower jaw; mouth wide,
somewhat oblique, the much-dilated posterior extremity of the maxil-
lary extending backward beyond the orbit; preorbital region narrow,
inframaxillary styliform; teeth in villiform bands, the bands of the
vomer and palatines very narrow; vomerine band /\-shaped; nostrils
rather distant from each other, open, the posterior the larger, imme-
diately in front of the upper part of the eye, the anterior close to the
end of the snout; the interorbital space more than twice the eye; pre-
operculum with a rounded angle which is armed with 3 very short and
weak spines; opercular spine moderately strong and straight; the bones
of the head are thin, with shallow muciferous cavities. Gill-membranes
entirely separate.
Nearly the entire head, even the dilated extremity of the maxillary
and the glossohyal region, are covered with small scales; the scales are
small, thin, smooth, and adherent.
Dorsal begins a short distance behind root of pectoral, rather low,
the rays inclosed in a scaly skin at base, and has its last and shortest
rays connected with caudal by a membrane; anal similar to dorsal but
lower; pectoral with broad base, elongate, posterior margin rounded,
and as long as head without snout; the 5 detached rays are somewhat
stronger than the other rays; they form at the base one continuous
series with the remainder of the fin, and therefore do not seem to pos-
sess a separate action; the uppermost ray is the longest, not quite
twice as long as the fin, the others gradually decreasing in length;
ventrals very feeble simple filaments, only half as long as the pectoral,
somewhat distant from each other and inserted opposite to the hind
margin of the preoperculum; the tail tapers almost to a point. The
no. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 765
lateral line is a continuous tract not covered by scales, running parallel
to and close to the dorsal profile and disappearing in the posterior
third of the tail; it is separated from the dorsal fin by about six series
of scales.
The color was probably pink, with black vertical fins; cavity of the
mouth and gills black.
Length, 145 inches.
Locality, Challenger Station 235, at a depth of 565 fathoms. Japan.
(Giinther.)
Not seen by us.
(quinquarius, in fives.)
SUMMARY.
Family I. ConGroGapip®.
1. Mierichthys Jordan and Fowler.
1. encryptes Jordan and Fowler; Miyakoshima.
Family Il. Zoarcipa.
2. Zoarces Cuvier.
2. elongatus Kner; Iwani, Hakodate, Sagalin, Tishima.
3. Lycenchelys Gall.
3. pecilimon Jordan and Fowler; Matsushima Bay.
4. Bothrocara Bean.
4. zesta Jordan and Fowler; Sagami Bay.
Family III. Caraprp®.
5. Carapus Rafinesque ( Mierasfer Cuvier).
5. kagoshimanus (Steindachner and Déderlein).
Family [V. Opnrpirp®.
6. Otophidium Gill.
a
. asiro Jordan and Fowler; Misaki.
Family V. BroruLrp®.
7. Brotula Cuvier.
~I
. multibarbata Schlegel; Formosa.
8. Myxocephalus Steindachner and Doderlein.
8. japonicus Steindachner and Déderlein.
9. Sirembo Bleeker.
9. imberbis (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.
10. Bassogigas Gill.
- 10. grandis Ginther.
766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
ils
es
13.
14.
11. Watasea Jordan and Snyder.
sivicola Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Yokohama.
12. Hoplobrotula Gill.
armata (Schlegel); Nanaura.
13. Porogadus Goode and Bean.
gintheri Jordan and Fowler; Sagami Bay.
14. Pteroidonus Ginther.
quinquarius Gunther.
A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE FAMILY
GELECHIIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
By Aueust Buscx,
U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Since Dr. C. V. Riley’s List of Tineina' nothing has been published
on this groupin America except isolated descriptions of single species
and their life histories.
Dr. Riley followed the classification generally in use at that time,
founded on Stainton’s and Heinemann’s works, although Edward Mey-
rick” previously had published his masterly rearrangement of the
group based on natural evolutionary lines, a work which, as Lord
Walsingham has said,* after the fuller exploitation of the system in
the Handbook of British Lepidoptera, ‘‘ marks an epoch in the study
of these insects.”
Since then the views of Meyrick have been generally adopted and
great strides have been made by European specialists in the study of
these insects. A much more satisfactory appreciation of the value and
relationship of the genera and families now prevails than was formerly
the case.
The following arrangement of the American Gelechiid consists in
the application to the American fauna of the results of these advanced
studies.
In this work I have been greatly assisted by Mr. Edward Meyrick.
Numerous concrete questions have been made clear for me by his valu-
able assistance, which he has most liberally and untiringly extended.
Much kind help also has been received from Lord Walsingham and
Mr. John Hartley Durrant, whose large collections and intimate
knowledge of the American forms made their aid particularly valuable.
Without the previous work and the liberal help and encouragement
from these authorities in England my task would have been much more
difficult, if not an impossible one.
Asa basis for this paper I have examined all the authentic material
of former workers which is still in existence on this side of the Atlantic,
together with much new material.
'In J. B. Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891. ? Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1883.
* Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MusEUM, VOL. XXV—No. 1304. abi
(O/
768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
From Miss Mary Murtfeldt, the Nestor among students in this
group in America, I have received not only material but also much
interesting information, which no one else could have supplied, par-
ticularly concerning some of Chambers’ species.
To Prof. C. H. Fernald and to Dr. William G. Dietz I am under
obligation for allowing me to study their collections in their homes,
also for various suggestions and for specimens.
Professor Fernald’s collection included that of Miss Murtfeldt, with
her types and many of the types of Chambers and of Lord Walsing-
ham. Of especial value were those specimens furnished with Lord
Walsingham’s blue labels, which were passed upon by him in 1882.1 A
notebook in Lord Walsingham’s handwriting, with notes and deter-
minations, corresponding to the numbers on these blue labels, was
loaned me by Professor Fernald, thus enabling me also to verify iden-
tifications of many specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, especially those which formerly belonged
to the Peabody Academy of Science, in Salem, Massachusetts.
Dr. Dietz’s collection contained his types and several specimens
named by Lord Walsingham.
The collection in the museum in Cambridge contains nearly all of
Zeller’s types and a great many of Chambers’, besides the specimens
named by Lord Walsingham. This collection proved the richest of
any in authentic specimens, and although careful discrimination was
necessary among Chambers’ types, many species were identified here
which would otherwise have remained unknown tome. I am indebted
to Mr. Samuel Henshaw for much courtesy and information given me
during my stay in Cambridge, as well as for sending me many speci-
mens needed for reexamination after my return to Washington.
The collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences has
unfortunately but a few of Clemens’ types left. There are, however,
some types and specimens named by Lord Walsingham. To the cura-
tor, Dr. H. Skinner, I owe thanks for giving me every facility for
examining the collection and manuscripts.
The Belanger collection, formerly in the Laval University, Quebec,
containing Chambers’ types of Canadian Tineina, was obtained by the
writer through the courtesy of the present curator, Rey. Dr. C. E.
Dionne, and is now in the U. 8. National Museum.
What little was left of the late Mr. William Saunders’ collection
of Tineina, consisting of fragments of some of Chambers’ types, was
secured, together with some new Canadian material for the U. 5.
National Museum, through the kind agency of Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa,
Canada.
From Mr. William D. Kearfott I received for study a well-pre-
1Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Phila., X, 165-204.
Wy
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 769
served collection of about 800 unnamed American Gelechiide with the
most liberal permission to retain desired specimens.
Smaller collections, on similar liberal conditions, have been received
from Mr. Nathan Banks and through Dr. Harrison G. Dyar from Dr.
W. Barnes and Prof. C. P. Gillette.
tey. Dr. Fyles has kindly sent me certain specimens and informa-
tion.
Finally and principally, there was the collection in the U. 8. National
Museum, which contains many types of Riley, Murtfeldt, Walsing-
ham, Chambers, and Zeller, besides a great many specimens deter-
mined by Lord Walsingham and Mr. William Beutenmiiller, together
with a considerable number of bred or collected miscellaneous
specimens, including the collections of Dr. H. G. Dyar, in Florida,
Colorado, and elsewhere; of Mr. E. A. Schwarz, in Texas, Arizona,
and Colorado; of Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in New Mexico; of Messrs.
Coquillett and Koebele, in California; and fine series of many species,
with notes, bred during many years in the insectary of the United
States Department of Agriculture, largely by Mr. Th. Pergande.
The Museum also contains Dr. Ottmar Hofmann’s large collection of
excellently mounted specimens of European species, authentically
determined, which naturally has proved of very valuable assistance.
Mr. Coquillett has kindly given me his private notes on some of his
bred specimens. These are credited under the species.
To Dr. Harrison G. Dyar I owe much gratitude for the continued
interest and encouragement given me during my studies, as well as
for actual help, and last, but not least, for aid in reading and correct-
ing this manuscript and proofs.
The purpose of the present paper is not to present an exhaustive
monographical treatise on American Gelechiide. The group is not
well enough known as yet for such treatment. It is rather a revision
of what has already been done, so that future work may proceed on a
sounder foundation.
The genus (elechia has been for former workers much as Chambers
expressed it, ‘*a waste box, a convenient receptacle for every species ©
which could not be better disposed of.”
Such new genera as were erected from this miscellaneous aggrega-
tion, especially those separated by Chambers, were most frequently
given insufficient characterization. To study these genera critically,
to substantiate and define more fully those which were found tenable,
and to eliminate those erected on superficial characters, and then to
place as far as possible the described species where they belong has
been the principal object of the writer.
For this reason I have described only about 50 new species, such as
1Can. Ent., IX, p. 231,
E Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 49
770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
had been eithe ‘ry bred or belonged to some specially intere sting group
or were so commonly et for determination as to sie a name
for them desirable.
If my purpose had been to describe new species, four times as many
could as easily have been found in the material at my disposal, but it
was believed that the ultimate benefit to science would be better served
by leaving these many species unnamed until they have been bred or
at least had been obtained in larger and more well-preserved series
than we have at present.
Of the 43 genera included in the family Gelechiide in Riley’s list, 21
have been removed to other families and 8 more have been found to
be synonyms of other genera; while, on the other hand, one genus has
been recovered from another family in Riley’s list, 5 old genera of
American authors have been resurrected, 9 genera from other faunas
have been identified in America, and 6 new genera have been added, of
which 3 are described in the present paper, thus making 35 genera
now recognized as North American.
In Riley’s list the genus Gelechia contained the large number of 213
species, not counting most of Walker’s species and some others which
were omitted. The number has now been reduced to less than 100, and
of these 54 remain in the genus only because they are unrecognized, and
they are therefore liable to be removed to some other genera when
identified. These unrecognized species are the great drawback to
work in this group. The types and all authentic material of most of
them are lost, and the descriptions furnish no clew to their proper
genera, rendering recognition very difficult and uncertain. — Still
several of them may be rediscovered, especially by diligent search in
Chambers’ old collecting grounds in Kentucky, from where, practi-
cally, no material has been received since his death.?
The collections of the British Museum remain to be studied; there
should be found the types of Walker’s unrecognized species, as well as
some of Clemens’, which he sent to Stainton forty years ago.
The family Gelechiide as defined by Meyrick and as used in this
paper comprises moths with the following characters: Head smooth
or at most slightly ruffed. Antenne simple or slightly serrate, rarely
ciliate, in a single American genus with pecten on the basal joint.
Labial palpi long, curved, ascending; terminal joint usually acutely
pointed. Maxillary palpi obsolete or very small, appressed. Posterior
tibize more or less rough haired above.
Forewings normally with 12 veins, sometimes with only 11 or 10 by
comnaidence of veins; 7 and 8 normally stalked, sometimes coincident;
!'The writer has, since ee was ee been so fc ae to fave Sone Aue Ea
uous collecting per aaah in this locality, securing much valuable material of Tineina,
among which, however, were strangely few Gelechiidze. It is hoped that in the future
the active cooperation of local entomologists may be counted on.’
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. FA
7 to costa; vein 1b furcate at base. Hindwings normally with 8 veins,
exceptionally with only 7 or 6 by veins 6 and 5 being obsolete; vein 8
more or less distinctly connected with the cell by a cross vein. The
form of the hindwing is more or less trapezoidal, termen is usually
sinuate or emarginate below apex.
This last character is always diagnostic when present, as it is not
found outside of this family. In the few more generalized genera,
where the termen is not sinuate, veins 7 and 6 in the hindwings are
approximate, connate, or stalked, thereby differing from the nearest
allied family Oecophoride.'
The larve of Gelechiide exhibit great differences in coloration and
habits. Normally they have three pairs of thoracic feet, five pairs of
abdominal prolegs, and feed in folded or spun leaves or shoots or in
stems or seed heads. Less commonly they are leaf miners.
They spin a cocoon, and the pupa does not protrude when the imago
emerges. The pupa has segments 9-11 free.
In separating the genera in the Gelechiide the wing venation and
the characters of the labial palpi are especially employed; of these the
former is by far the most important.
While differently modified palpi and other external characters, as
modifications of the antenne, the presence or absence of raised scales,
or hair pencils of different forms, may indicate generic differences, they
are far less reliable than the venation, and only to be taken into con-
sideration in connection with it.
These external characters are more apt to be modified by changed
life habits or other influences in the adaptation to environments, but
the venation will only undergo changes slowly through a long period
of evolution, and is consequently more important in the determination
of genera. This is strikingly illustrated by finding the identical char-
acteristic tufted palpi in different families; in Ypsolophus and Leuce in
the Gelechiide, in Lwmeyrickia in the Gicophoride, and in P/utella in
the Plutellidee.”
The raised scales on the forewings are found here and there in all
the families, while the hair pencil in the male at the base of the hind-
wings, used as the sole character by Lord Walsingham to distinguish
his genus Hucatoptus from Aristotelia is found in several Gelechiid
genera, and is not constant within these.
Even such a specialized modification as the antennal notch found in
Glyphipdocera and Anorthosia in the Gelechiide recurs again in the
‘As defined by Meyrick in his Handbook of British Lepidoptera.
* This might at a superficial view appear to prove just the opposite, and the palpi
be claimed to be the persistent character while the venation had undergone changes;
but it is very evident from the relationship, or rather lack of relationship, that this
is not the case and that the tufted palpi are developed independently in the different
_ families.
Ti> PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL XXv.
Blastobaside: and a very similar one in the genus Bucculatrix in the
Tineidee.
The reason for these strangely recurring specializations is difficult
to explain and will not be fully understood before we learn the true
biological use of them, but that they do recur is sufficient proof of
their secondary value as generic characters.
Thus it will be found that within the same genus the palpi may vary
considerably, while the venation will be found to be very constant, at
most varying in the coincidence of two veins, already long-stalked in
the allied species, or the obliteration of a transverse vein, which in the
related forms had a tendency to become obsolete.
Of the 35 genera now recognized in this family from North America
7 are widely distributed, cosmopolitan or nearly so; 7 others are found
in Europe; 2 are recorded from Africa, and 19 have not been recog-
nized outside of North America, including the West Indies.
They may be separated by the following svnoptic table:
Forewings with veins.7 and-8 out 0f/6)- 2 ss6..22 32-5 see oe aes See ee 1
Forewings with vein 6 separate or out of base of 7........--..------------- Le
iP Basal: joint ol antenmee with) pectem= sae eee Sitotroga, p. 781
Basal joint. without. pecten.ss. - Sooo aes ae ae eee ee 2
2, Korewings with one or more veins: absenta- 52-2525 ae Eee 3
Forewings with‘all veins present «222524. 203-24 Jo eebe Se oe ee 4
3» Horewings, with ovem uilcabsent’ = 22.2 sek. sac ee eee ee Agnippe, p. 789
Forewines with vein ‘i present: e. 2535225 ss yak See ene ere Flelice, p. 804
4 Hind wines with: veins:3 and4 separate: 2525 sa ses eee eee ee 5
Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 connate or stalked_.-......-...-:--.-------- a
5. Hindwings of male with costal row of bristles......-...---------- Glauce, p. 783
Hindwings ‘without:sach row 222s 2s sc 228 oe a eee eee eee eee 6
6. Second joint of labial palpi with long spreading hairs. -.....--- Paltodora, p. 775
Second joint of labial patpi merely rough-haired beneath... ----1 Metzneria, p. 773
isskindwinesewith- vein: Grabsentinssee st hee eee eee ee ee eee Evippe, p. 805
Hindwines withevem Gupresent) 2: ae eee = See ee ee eee 8
8. Forewings with veins 3 and 4 stalked..-......--.----------- Trypanisma, p. 815
Forewings with vems 3, and 4 mot stallkedS =o 5 aot oe ee 9
9. Forewings with veins 2, 3, 4, and 5 separate equidistant. -..---- Epithectis, p. 816
Forewings with veins 2, 3, and 4 approximate, long; vein 2 distant, short... 10
10. Second joint of labial palpi with long expansible tuft on inner side.
Kucordylea, p. 807
Babialspalpr withoutisuch tuts 22. ss- ee es oo ee eee te Recurvaria, p. 807
1i- Rorewines with:veins Zand 3istalkedi:- 2) 3224 - e e eee 12
Horewines with: veins,2 andl? separate= sess s os) a eee gee eee eee 16
12. Second joint of labial palpi with long projecting tuft. .......--------------- 13
Babial palpi withoutisuch: tuts 222-8) > sae ae ee eer Basbhlte Bales oe 14
i3- Luttvex pansible= toicsi 2 coe eee ee oer hee ae tetem {northosia, p. 917
Tutt not expansibletws2s Pi Ca sae sree sees Ree Ypsolophus, p. 920
14 ind wines narrower than torewines=- sess a= asses aaa see Strobisia, p. 904—
Etimd wings broader than tore wings sso. se cae teen ee re ee 15-
15. Male antenne with deep notch near base...----.---------¢ rlyphipdocera, p. 916 —
Male antennze: without such notch’. 2 --2- 222222252522. ae Trichotaphe, p. 906
16. Forewings with one or more veins absent. .--.------------------ Menesta, p. 902 —
Forewings with all veins. present. 2-2). c6 we eer = eee 1
No.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 773
Peeing wines (at leastanimale) bilobed — -.-2.2-25-22-.. 2-02. 25-- 2-22 e. cess 18
amd wines mop Milobe dee nae eens ete ee ee oe SL a 19
18. Hindwings with vein 6 present. ....-.---- Ppa) nice Veodactylota, p. 835
Ena wiMe ss watLOy VernuOruDSeItass sees Sec ereas oe ote eee ee ey Nealyda, p. 790
Peco winosawith a Vemmiabsentie: me aoe an nance sck tere esse ates oe 20
oirdiywamesawatnpalll veins present.n ss ease ee na seek ee Sate RE ayes ee 21
Pileetiind wanes swath vein iGrabsemti {S55 sae eek ee Chrysopora, p. 792
ond wines with) vein 5 absentr2.<. 222227 [2225 5s¢ = assess Se Deoclona, p. 837
PippEindwinesuwithe veimsl Gland. />parallele 255 255-2 eee ee 2a,
Hindwings with veins 6 and 7 approximate, connate, or stalked... 2... ~~~ - Qi
Pend wines with verms:o and 4iseparates = --2 ees 2- 0 8S Leh ee Ee eee 23
Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 connate or stalked...-.....-..---.--.-.------ 25
23. Second joint of labial palpi with long projecting tuft............--- Leuce, p. 793
Becondsjolmi.ot labial: palpi without suchtult< <5. 2222253 Lk as et 24
24. Costal margin of forewings impressed before apex...----------- Enchrysa, p. 919
Costalemareinvot forewings mormal = ass. 2... see eee ees Lristotelia, p. 794
2). Hindwings of male with costal hair pencil -.-.--.-..-------- Phthorimea, p. 821
Emad wingsior male wathoutvhar pencils: 22 2k, oe ae ee es 26
26. Second joint of labial palpi with large divided brush; terminal joint thiek-
IN CG ese ee tae, Rita Wee ESN Sah geen haha) we pon h a regen ey Regt ee Gnorimoschema, p. 823
Second joint without divided brush; terminal joint thin -----.- Paralechia, p. 820
Pep tiindwines.withevetns sand 4 separates. 2o.a0 5) 3s See 28
Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 connate or stalked... .2 2... 2222222.22 220.202. 29
28. Second joint of Jabial palpi with long projecting tuft .........__. Autoneda, p. 782
Lapial-palpiwithout-such tuity | soso: 25.5 sa. Se es es Telphusa, p. 783
29. Terminal joint of labial palpi in male short, concealed__.._.....-. Inarsia, p. 928
Renmin A ET OlMt ONS. CX POSCO: a2 ssa nme towe ee le ee Pe re Ae ee 30
30. Second joint of labial palpi rough beneath........----.....-.--- Gelechia, p. 851
NEconda OmmiorslalialupalpiysmoOouhis => eke Wns. aa eden sae eee 31
31. Terminal joint of labial palpi thickened, laterally compressed - - Prostomeus, p. 837
Nerminal joint sienderss-= Shara vans Dae so vee Sea ets CeO Gee Be Tk 32
PeeseinG wines with termen simulate be sae .tS2 Lhe sl Pete Sigs eee bee 33
Limdwines with termen, pot sinuate: 22. 2225 ly. 2222.2 ee Anacampsis, p. 844
do. Terminal joint of labial palpi shorter than second _.-......--- Polyhymno, p. 839
Herminal jomt: longer than-second.. 222.222. les ls 2k Aprocrema, p. 840
METZNERIA Zeller.
Plate XX VIII, fig. 1.
Metzneria ZevuER, Isis, 1839, p. 197.
_ As Lord Walsingham has shown,' this name should be used for the
genus, which Duponchel® later named Parasa, under which name it
is treated by Meyrick.’
This genus is defined by Meyrick as follows:
Labial palpi very long, more or less thickened with somewhat loose scales, term-
inal joint much shorter than second. Forewings elongate, narrow, pointed 7 and 8
out of 6. Hindwings under I, elongate-trapezoidal, apex acute, produced, termen
sinuate, cilia 2; 3 and 4 remote, parallel, 5 approximated to 6, 6 and 7 somewhat
approximated.
‘Ent. Mo. Mag., XX XV, 1899, p. 199.
? Cat. Meth. Lep. Eur., 1846, p. 350.
* Handbook British Lepidoptera, 1895, p. 570.
Tas: - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
The genus is very near and correlated with /a/todora Meyrick,
developed from Ar/stoteléa and differing mainly in the labial palpi.
This difference has proven even less marked than defined by Mr.
Meyrick, by the knowledge of allied forms in the American fauna
and the consequent widening of the genus /’a/todora (p. 775).
Three species have been described as Purasia from America, namely:
1. Apicistrigela Chambers, afterwards transferred by Chambers to
Gelechia. This species is an Aproerema and will be found treated
under that genus (p. 840).
2. Griseella Chambers, afterwards transferred by Chambers to
Gelechia. This species probably does not belong to either genus, but
is at present unrecognized and will be found treated under the doubtful
species of Gelechia (p. 890).
3. Subsimella Clemens. This species, which was placed with a query
in Parasia by Clemens, and which subsequently has been retained
there, can not, as the description proves, belong in this
will be found treated under Ep7thectis (p. 816).
Thus the following species is the only representative of the genus
Metzneria at present recognized from America.
genus. It
METZNERIA LAPPELLA Linnezus.
Metzneria lappella SrauprncER and Reset, Cat. Lep. Eur., I, No. 2491, 1901.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5539, 1903.
This well-known European and Asiatic species, not hitherto recorded
from America, has probably within quite recent years extended its
range to this country.
Two years ago Mr. Samuel Henshaw submitted to me several speci-
mens, which he had bred in 1899 from the heads of burdock collected
in the swamps around Cambridge, Massachusetts. I had no difficulty
in referring them to this species, but sent specimens to Mr. Meyrick,
in England, for authoritative substantiation, and he kindly informed
me that it was dappella Zeller. —
I have also identified it in Professor Fernald’s collection, bred from
burdock in Ontario, Canada. In the U. 8. National Museum are,
besides the specimen received from Mr. Henshaw, others received from
Rey. Thomas W. Fyles, Quebec, Canada, and a large series bred by
the writer from heads of burdock received from Mr. Arthur Gibson,
of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. Several larva are
often found ina single head, and from a small handful of heads sent
by Mr. Gibson nearly 100 moths issued.
The larva is short and thick, yellowish white, with brown head;
thoracic feet small, and abdominal legs nearly obsolete.
The species overwinters as larva and does not pupate before the
spring; the imago issues in May and June.
sl eal
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NO. 1304, REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK
~J
y mJ
Cn
PALTODORA Meyrick
Plate XXVIII, fig. 2.
Cleodora (Curtis), Meyrick, Handbook Brit. Lep., 1895, p. 571.
This genus is defined by Meyrick in his Handbook British Lepi-
doptera, 1895, as:
Second joint of labial palpi with long, rough, spreading hairs beneath, terminal as
long as second. Forewing 7 and 8 out of 6. Hindwing under I, elongate-trapezoidal,
>
apex pointed, produced, termen emarginate, cilia 3; 3 and 4 remote, parallel, 5
nearer 6, 6 and 7 approximated.
Most of the American species differ from this definition in having
terminal joint of labial palpi shorter than second joint, and veins 6 and
7 in hindwing are more properly said to be connate than approximate.
In all other respects they agree absolutely, and the chief characteris-
tics of each species are so unmistakably near to the European forms
that one genus only can find justification, and the definition of the genus
should be widened by the two alterations—terminal joint as long as
second o7 shorter, and 6 and 7 in hindwing approximate 07 connate.
I have recognized the following 12 species, which may be separated
by the table, but great care should be taken in determining the spe-
cies, as they are very similar:
Wath whiter costal-streakyat becimning of cilia ss = oo. eS ee 1
Varo itr stre Ines it eal kere ao eer ence © Seer eS) pai ee let Spee GL ae Poe Se ee 7
ieeantiroimcostalyed oe: awilite sare een, see mae 1 (ete Os bet Se Ee Eyes 2
Wostalked comm Otay Mitet ss piesa ype te eee cn eae 5 Soe ee Ere 4
PeaWaith white dashes im costal cilia 2. 022i eles eee. se magnella, p. 776
Withoutnsuc hashes ses eeeere ss Sock cen oe ae feet N ESS efter Dene eee er 3
3. Ground color light yellowish brown ....-.--....----------- pallidistrigella, p. 776
Groundecolorsdar kebrowil sess teeta a= See eee eee ee canicostella, p. 778
Hapileacean Gat noraxcawilliiislia air 2c eee ste chee as koko ot ae on tay 5
PleAdeaM arora xeon OWillesen eee Soe werent Me me Ne ele na ee ee 6
DEE AMLenn se mean vault COLOLOUSts: 2 a) =a eee eee oe eee aes striatella, p. 775
AMtemmee sharply: annimlatedes. = 4s 5 eos shoe 2t eae cilialineella, p. 777
Om Wathndorsaleapicall whittestreakiss 5 Saas 2-5-2 3 a eee eee dietziella, p. 777
Wabi otts sic nese ar rae cer ae Liye ene Se SS se oh ae eas anteliella, p. 778
feetiniiresyino swith awhite=-tipped: scales2a=\- 2s 82 Sa ees as eee ee 8
INorwhite-tippedtscalestor only-atumarginS)=— 2525-2526 2 sane eee 9
8. Anterior wings with longitudinal ochreous streaks -.-.---.-----: similiella, p. 779
Wrathioutiysmclivstrenket sce reste = ae eb et rn neh oe eye Nat nn key eae Mee pallidella, p. 780
Sacolormicht yellowish¥browm-s29— 2 see - tee ee a ee SQOULELLA. ps 10S
Coloridark ashy brown;alar exp. 16—23 mim) 25. 2222222 S222 2. tophella, p. 780
Color pale umber brown, alar exp. 10-11 mm: --~5- 2-2-2 5.--4-2 modesta, p. 781
PALTODORA STRIATELLA Hubner.
Paltodora striatella HtsBner, Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, No. 2939,
1901.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5540, 1903.
Cleodora striatella Wa.stnauam, Insect Life, I, 1888, p. 82.—RiLey, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5516, 1891.
776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
This European species has been recorded by Lord Walsingham from
Colusa County, California. In the United States National Museum is
a good series of authentic European specimens. I have met with a
single specimen in the Henry Edwards collection in the American
Museum of Natural History in New York, presumably from the United
States but without locality label.
It feeds, according to European writers, in stems of Zaunacetum, a
weed common also in this country.
Veins 6 and 7 in hindwings are closely approximated.
PALTODORA PALLIDISTRIGELLA Chambers.
Cleodora pallidistrigella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 244; U.S. Geol. Surv.,
3ull., [V, 1878, pp. 92, 135.—WaxsineHam, Insect Life, I, 1888, pp. 81, 82.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5514.
Paltodora pallidistrigella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 1903, No. 5541.
The type No. 467, U.S.N.M., received from Chambers and bearing a
label in his handwriting, agrees well with the description and undoubt-
edly represents this species. This is the same specimen which Lord
Walsingham had before him in 1888, and it has his blue label, No. 1184.
The white costal edge, together with the nearly perpendicular white
costal streak and its light yellow color, separate it from the other spe-
cies at present known; I have two other specimens beside the type
agreeing exactly with this. They are like the type from Texas.
This is the species which differs most from Meyrick’s definition of
the genus in respect to labial palpi, the terminal joint being only half
as long as second joint; veins 6 and 7 are distinctly connate.
PALTODORA MAGNELLA, new species.
Paltodora magnella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 1903, No. 5542.
Antenne dark brown, annulated with white. . Labial palpi white, a
small oblong spot on the upper and outer side of second joint dark
brown, tip of terminal joint dark brown.
Face, head, and thorax white, slightly shaded with brown. Anterior
wings yellowish gray, two outer thirds of costal edge white; a small
black spot on fold and two elongated black white-edged dashes on the
middle of the wing in continuation of each other, sometimes forming
one uninterrupted black line.
From apical fourth of costa a thin oblique white line outward to
termen; above this four white dashes in the costal cilia, and opposite it
correspondingly a dorsal white line emitting three white pencils into
the dorsal cilia; cilia whitish with three heavy black transverse lines
at apex. Hindwing dark gray, cilia yellowish. Legs light brown,
tarsi white, annulated with black.
Alar expanse.—15.5 to 16.5 mm.
Habitat.—Colorado.
,
amr
fea Laer)
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. WEG
Type.—No. 6345, U.S.N.M.
Other specimens are in Dr. Dietz’s collection, where it was labeled
striatella Hiibner, from which species it differs by the white costal
edge and the stronger annulation of the antenne, besides being a much
larger species.
PALTODORA CILIALINEELLA Chambers.
Gelechia cilia lineella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 242; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 91, 142; Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 52.—Riney, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5337.
Paltodora cilialineella, Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 1908, No. 5548.
Chambers pointed out the great similarity of this species to his
species of Cleodora, and added: '
I have not examined the neuration, but I am inclined to transfer the species to
Cleodora.
I have compared the type No. 445, U.S.N.M., bearing Chambers’s
own label, with his type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in
Cambridge. They are identical and agree well with his description,
evidently truly representing the species.
They are Pa/todora, with the brush on second joint of labial palpi
somewhat rubbed off.
The species is very near pallidistrigella, differing principally in the
absence of the costal white edge and in the direction of the costal
white line, which in this species is nearly parallel with the edge of
costal cilia, while in pallidistrigel/a it is nearly perpendicular on it.
The differences pointed out by Chambers (Ref. 2) are not well borne
out by his types.
Veins 6 and 7 of hindwing are connate.
PALTODORA DIETZIELLA, new species.
Paltodora dietziella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 1908, No. 5544.
Palpi missing. Antenne silvery white with dark brown annula-
tions. Face white; head and thorax light fawn colored. Forewings
fawn colored, at base concolorous with thorax, but becoming deeper
toward the tip; on fold at middle of the wing a small black streak; at
end of disk a small black dot. At the beginning of costal cilia
obliquely outward across the tip of the wing a thin white line, and
opposite it from the dorsal edge another thin white line curved
upward and outward, nearly but not quite meeting the costal streak
at the dorsal edge near the tip; both are continued out into and meet
in the dorsal cilia, which is yellowish fuscous and contains two other
white pencils below the continuation of the streaks.
In the cilia at apex is one heavy black transverse line, and outside
1 Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, p. 91.
778 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
this three thin black lines. Edging the costal white streak superiorly
is a dark brown patch.
The ornamentation is very near that of pal/idistrigella, with the
same ground color and general pattern, but differs in the lack of the
white costal edge and in the direction of the white costal streak, which
in this species forms a narrow Greek v with the dorsal streak, while
in pallidistrigella it is shorter and much more nearly perpendicular.
Hindwinegs dark fuscous, cilia a shade lighter; veins 6 and 7 connate.
Abdomen yellowish fuscous, with numerous scattered metallic blue
and greenish scales. Legs light yellow.
Alar expanse.—16 to 16 mm.
Habitat.—Colorado. July.
Type.—No. 6346, U.S.N.M.
Cotypes in collection of Dr. Dietz, who has liberally submitted this
species to me for description and in whose honor I name it.
PALTODORA CANICOSTELLA Walsingham.
Cleodora canicostella WALStINGHAM, Insect Life, I, 1888, p. 82.—-RiLEy, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, No. 5518.
Paltodora caniscostella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 1903, No. 5545.
Deseribed from Mount Shasta, California; cotypes are in U. 5.
National Museum, where is also a specimen from Colorado. Veins
6 and 7 in hindwings are connate.
-PALTODORA ANTELIELLA, new species.
Paltodora anteliella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5546, 1903.
Antenne light fawn colored; labial palpi fawn colored, above
whitish; face, head, and thorax light fawn colored. Anterior wings
darker reddish brown; one short longitudinal streak on the fold and
one similar in the middle of the wing black; second discal stigma cir-
cular black. From costal apical one-fourth very obliquely outward
across the wing to termen a thin white line. Cilia fawn colored
with a short, heavy black transverse line in apical part. Hindwings
dark gray; cilia fawn colored; abdomen and legs light reddish brown;
tarsal joints slightly tipped with white.
Alar expanse, 12 to 12.5 mm.
Habitat.—New Jersey.
Type.—No. 6347, U.S.N.M.
Cotypes in collections of Dietz and Kearfott. The small size and
rich brown color make this species easily recognizable.
PALTODORA SABULELLA Walsingham.
Cleodora sabulella W AtstncuamM, Insect Life, I, p. 83, 1888.—Riney, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5520, 1891.
Pailtodora sabulella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5547, 1903.
Described from Colusa County, California. Cotypes are in U.S.
National Museum. Hindwings with veins 6 and 7 connate.
“I
“I
cc
xo. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK.
PALTODORA SIMILIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia similiella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 198.
Gelechia solaniella CuoamBErs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 242; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury.,
Tl eeltSi7e pO S785 4 Olaalel 7.
Gelechia [Doryphora] piscipellis Zetuer, Verh. k. k., zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 277.
Gelechia piscipellis Rrtey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5450, 1891.
Gelechia piscipalis CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., TV, 1878, p. 145.
Paltodora similiela Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5548, 1903.
Not Gelechia solaniella CuAMBERs, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 176; Cinn. Quart. Journ.
Sci., I, 1875, p. 239; Can. Ent., IX, 1878, p. 51.
This species has been quite troublesome to clear, owing to an erro-
neous determination by Chambers and the subsequent results of this
mistake.
Only by the kind help of Miss Mary Murtfeldt’s personal recollec-
tion, and with all obtainable evidence carefully examined, did I feel
justified and confident in my conclusions in regard to the above
synonomy.
Later I have had the satisfaction to have them substantiated in part
through a letter from Lord Walsingham in the archives of the Divi-
sion of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Chambers described! a species as Gelechia similiella. This was
the same species that Zeller subsequently described as pisc7pellis, as
comparison of the original types now in Cambridge, but presented by
Chambers to the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, shows, and
it is a true Paltodora.
In 1873 Chambers received from Miss Murtfeldt a superficially sim-
ilar species, which she had reared from Solanwm, and believing it
(wrongly) to be sémzliella Chambers, he changed that name to solanzella
and gave Solanum carolinensis as its food plant,” and later he described
it* more fully and gave the life history in detail, still supposing it to
be his original s¢mlella.
Afterwards Miss Murtfeldt, unaware of this, described her species
as cinerella Murtfeldt, afterwards changing it to ¢nconspicuella, the
former name being preoccupied in Europe.
It was, however, already described by Zeller as Gelechia (Bryotropha)
glochinella and belongs in Mr. Meyrick’s recent genus Phthorimaea.
(p. 821.)
To enable me to draw these conclusions I have had the good fortune
to have the following authentic specimen for examination: 7. U.S.
National Museum, type, No. 459, Chambers type with his label:
Gelechia solaniedla Chambers. This is identical with 2. the other
original type sent to Peabody Academy, Salem, now in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, bearing Lord Walsingham’s blue label, No. 992
and Chambers’ label No. 37, each referring to respective lists of the
'Can- Ent =LV>-p. 193: *Idem., V, 1873, p. 176. * Miss Murtfeldt’s species.
TSO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
two authors, which ] have had the use of through the kindness of
Professor Fernald, and Mr. Henshaw, respectively.
These two specimens, which evidently represent his original species,
are Paltodora species and identical with 3. Zeller’s type in Cambridge
of piscipellis, and with 4. a specimen determined as prscipellis Zeller
by Lord Walsingham, in U. 5S. National Museum.
Of the other species, bred from Solanum, I had 5. cotype and several
other specimens, bred by Miss Murtfeldt, and it is identical with 6. a
specimen in the U. 8. National Museum determined and labeled by Lord
Walsingham, @. glochinella Zeller, the description and.figure of which
also agree well with the specimens before me.
This species will be treated later under Pi thorimaca Meyrick (p. 821),
while the s/miléella Chambers=p/sc/pellis Zeller should stand as
Paltodora.
It is of value to note Chambers’s suspicion’ that he had two
species mixed, as well as his note ” that his Gelechia eilialileella, which
undoubtedly is a Pa/todora species (p. 780), is only microscopically
distinguishable from his ** Gelechia solaniella,” that is s¢miliella.
It is a good species distinct from all at present described species
nearest to pallidella Chambers, with which species it has the white-
tipped scales in common.
Similidla was described from Kentucky, and Chambers’s type in
U.S. National Museum is from Texas, which is also the locality of
Zeller’s type of piscipellis.
Specimens in poor condition which I take to be this species were
reared from flower heads of sunflower at the Insectary of U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, received from Mr. E. E. Bogue, Oklahoma.
This species has vein 6 and 7 of hindwing not only connate but in
fact shortstalked.
PALTODORA TOPHELLA Walsingham.
Cleodora tophella WatstncHam, Insect Life, I, 1888, p. 83.—Riey, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5519, 1891.
Paltodora tophella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5549, 1903.
U.S. National Museum possesses cotype, received from Lord Wals-
ingham; also specimen collected at Beulah, New Mexico, 8,000 feet
elevation by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.
Habitat.—California, New Mexico.
Veins 6 and 7 in hindwings are connate.
PALTODORA PALLIDELLA Chambers.
Cleodora pallidella CHAampBErs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 245; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 92, 135.—WatsrncHam, Insect Life, I, 1888, pp. 81, 82.—
Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5515, 1891.
Paltodora pallidella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5550, 1903.
Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sur., III, p. 143. 2Can. Ent., VI, p. 242.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 781
As remarked by Lord Walsingham, it is evident that Chambers,
when he amended and elaborated his first description bad more than
one species before him, and some of his statements are in direct con-
tradiction to the original description.
I believe, from careful comparison with all the material at my dis-
posal, that he had specimens of magnel/a Busck and dictziel/a Busck
mixed up with his original species.
The only authentic type from Chambers in existence is the one
mentioned by Lord Walsingham (but not known to him) in Miss
Murtfeldt’s collection. That is now in Professor Fernald’s possession,
and I have had the opportunity to examine it.
It is a plain looking, grayish yellow species with white-tipped
scales, similar to those of s¢m7liella Chambers (piscipellis Zeller, p. T79)
and tophella Walsingham., very near to the latter, but smaller, and
of a lighter, more yellowish ground color.
I have recognized an identical specimen in the U.S. National Museum
and in Dr. Dietz’s collection from Colorado.
This type specimen bears Chambers’ label and agrees well with his
original rather meager description, but does not agree with his later
detailed description of the supposed same insect. It is obviously,
under the circumstances, proper to disregard these latter amendments
which evidently applied to one or more distinct species, and to retain
the name pal/idella for the pale, nearly unmarked species represented
by the unique type in Professor Fernald’s collection.
Veins 6 and 7 of hindwing are closely approximated.
PALTODORA MODESTA Walsingham.
Cleodora modesta WAtLstNcHAM, Insect Life, I, 1888, p. 82.—Riuey, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5517, 1891.
Paltodora modesta Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5551, 1903.
Cotypes and other specimens of this small inconspicuous species
from Los Angeles, California, are in the U.S. National Museum.
Hindwings with veins 6 and 7 connate.
SITODTROGA Heinemann:
Plate XXVIII, fig. 3.
Sitotroga HEINEMANN, Schmett. Deutschland und Schweiz, 1870, p. 287.
Basal joint of antenne with long pecten. Labial palpi with second
joints rough beneath; terminal joint longer than second, slender,
pointed. Forewings very long, narrow, pointed, with 12 veins, 7 and
8 out of 6. Hindwings narrower than forewing, elongate trapezoidal,
apex much produced, termen emarginate; 8 veins, 6 and 7 stalked; 2,
3, 4, and 5 remote parallel. Only the one cosmopolitan species is
known.
TS82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Eo:
SITOTROGA CEREALELA Olivier.
Sitotroga cerealella SvAUDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., I, No. 2902, 1901.—
Drerz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 475.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5552, 1903.
Anacampsis cerealella GLovER, U.S. Dept. Agr. Report, 1854, p. 67, pl. iv.
Gelechia cerealella CLEMENS, Proc. Phil. Acad., 1860, p. 168; Stainton ed. No.
Am. Tin, 1872, pp. 112, 224.—Packarp, Guide Study Ins., 1869, p. 350.—
CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., 1878, IV, p. 142.—Rinry, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5335, 1891.
This common species, the Angoumois moth, is often of economic
importance on account of the injuries of the larva to stored grain.
I have not attempted to give the very numerous references to the
economic literature of the species.
AUTONEDA, new name.
Plate XXVIII, fig. 4.
Neda Cuampers, Can. Ent. VI, 1874, p. 248.
The name Veda being preoccupied in the Coleoptera, I propose the
above modification to signify the genus which Chambers described’
with plutella as type.
It has the following characters: Labial palpi, like those in )pso-
lophus; second joint with large, dense, projecting tuft on under side;
terminal joint erect, pointed, as long as second joint; forewings nar-
row, nearly lanceolate; 12 veins; veins 7and8 stalked to costa; 6 sep-
arate, but very approximate to 7; hindwings under I; apex produced
termen emarginate; 8 veins, all separate; 6 and 7 somewhat approxi-
mate; 5 nearer 6 than 4.
At present only the one species is known.
AUTONEDA PLUTELLA Chambers.
Neda plutella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1874, p. 244; Can. Ent., VII., 1875, p. 105;
3ull. U. S. Geol. Sury., 1878, IV., p. 157.—Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5521, 1891.
Autoneda plutella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5553, 1902.
Type.—No. 468, U.S.N.M., with Chambers’ label on the pin, agrees
with his unusually accurate and complete generic and specific descrip-
tions, and is identical with other types, also labeled by Chambers him-
self, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge. One
of these bears Lord Walsingham’s blue label, No. 979, corresponding
with his identification in his notebook,* Veda plutella.
These types all undoubtedly represent this interesting species.
They are all from Kentucky.
1Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 248.
*Mentioned on p. 768.
a eee ee
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCOK. 133
GLAUCE Chambers.
Glauce CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 11.
Labial palpi long, recurved, overarching the vertex; second joint
slightly thickened with scales; terminal joint nearly as lon
pointed.
Forewings elongate ovate, pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8 out of 6; hind-
Wings nearly as broad as forewings, trapezoidal; apex produced,
pointed; termen sinuate; 8 veins, 6 and 7 stalked, 3 and 4 separate, 5
nearest 4; the costal margin from base to the middle is armed with a
row of large, stiff, sharp, two-edged bristles.
Only the following species is known:
as second,
oO
Ss ©
GLAUCE PECTENALZELLA Chambers.
VENETIAN OF GLAUCE PECTENALEELLA—CHAMBERS.
Glauce pectenalella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 12; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 148; Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, p. 203, fig. 22.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5291, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No., 5642, 1903.
This characteristic species, all authentic material of which is lost, I
have recently recognized beyond doubt among Tineins collected by the
writer at light in the District of Columbia and in the neighborhood of
Covington, Kentucky.
Chambers’s description and figure of the wing is essentially correct,
except that he has made vein 6 in forewing out of vein 7, instead of
7 and 8 out of 6, an easily explained error.
Chambers’s type came from Texas.
PsP Eu SA-Ghamnbers:
Plate XX VIII, fig. 5.
Telphusa CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 182;
Xenolechia Mryrick, Handbook Brit. Lep., 1895, p. 583.
Chambers erected this genus for his species curwistrigel/a, the unique
type of which is still in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cam-
; which 1 g
bridge, with Chambers’ label on the pin, and recognizable, though in
poor condition.
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Chambers shortly afterwards gave up this genus and included his
species in Gelechia as a synonym of Clemens’s Gel echia longifusciella,
but a name is needed to signify the genus, which Chambers can hardly
be said to have defined, but which has the following characters in com-
mon with cevrv/str/gella. Chambers’ name must stand in preference to
Meyrick’s later name enolechia.
I strongly suspect that Chambers’ genus, Adrasteca, is synonymous
with the present genus, in which case that name would supplant
Telphusa, but for the time being it must be left as ‘* unrecognized.”
The types of the two species, Adrasteta alewandrixella and A. fasci-
ella,‘ on which Chambers erected the genus, are lost, and though I feel
rather certain that I have ree ‘ognized both species as belonging to Zé-
phusa, stillaltogether insuflicient collecting has been done in enrncles
from where these species are described, to warrant final conclusions
from the limited material on hand, and at present I must leave both
genus and species as unrecognized. There is no way to include the
genus in any table, as Chambers did little more than attach the name
to those two species without further specification; the only tangible
generic character given is the tufted forewings.
Telphusa has the following characters: Second joint of labial palpi
thickened with rough scales beneath, terminal joint slender pointed.
Forewings elongate pointed, 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 6 separate or
out of 7 near base; hindwings ea apex pointed termen. sinu-
ate, as broad or broader than the forewings; 8 veins, 6 and 7 stalked, 3
and 4 separate, 5 nearest +. Forewings often with tufts of raised scales.
The American species at present recognized as belonging to this
genus may be separated by the following table:
With oblique light fascia at basal fourth of forewings .----..-------+---:-.-: 1
Without:such: lhohtwiascias 2 22 -Gy ses sae ee ee oe See eee 2
1. Forewings with apical half of dorsal edge white.........----- longifasciella, p. 785
Dorsaliédoe im otiwihite Ae so ae Seale een ape oer ee eg ee latifasciella, p. 783
2. Ground, color:of forewingscw bite: = - 22. Js). sass eee eee Lie cob ase ceeee 3
Ground color motawhite 22552 Seo tee oa se a ee oe ee eee eee 5
3: Markings onviorewings black: 222-3) 228220) Soe see ee ee 4
Markings iawn coloredte. sss see eaoe =e nee oe ee eee ee betalella, p. 787
4. With complete black fascia crossing forewings -.-------------- hasistrigella, p. 787
Black fascia not reaching dorsalvedge 232.222 ee ee eee basifasciella, p. 787
5. Wings very dark fuscous, nearly black ...-..-.---------- quinquecirstatella, p. 785
Wines lohter, eray t2.2- 32 555. 4 ee Re ee ee 6
6. With oblique black streak from costa near base -..----..------------------- 7
Wathout'such streak 238s acces aoe Saas Se Mee eee Seer eee 8
(eeadvand.- thorax darktuscOUs eos ase ae ae eee ee quercinigracella, p. 786
Head and thorax lichtibrownishbes 2. eee. 2 os ee ae so palliderosasella, p. 786
&.2Korewings. with. raised scales .. 22.2 42.2 oe ee eee eee eee querciella, p. 787
Borewines: without, raised) scall egies 3 oe ae es ee eae eee 9
9. With sharply defined dark spot on disc. -......-.------------ glandiferella, p. 788
Wathout such spots: ts soe esse ee ee eee belangerella, p. 788
1Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 149.
Sts hee ar pee
oes
No. 1304. se AEG OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 785
TELPHUSA LONGIFASCIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia longifasciella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, pp. at 121;
Stainton, Tin. N. A., 1872, pp. 219, 223.—CHameBers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872,
p: 174;. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Ritey, eraith’s ites Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5402, 1891.
Telphusa curvistrigella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 135.
Gelechia obliquifasciella CHAMBERS, Journ. Ginn. Soc. Nat. Hist., [1, 1879, p. 182.—
Rixtey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5421, 1891.
Telphusa longifasciella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5554, 1902.
Chambers dropped curvistrigella as a synonym of Clemens’s Jong?-
tasciella.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge are types
of curvistrigela and obliquifasciella with Chambers’s handwriting.
They are identical, as the description would indicate, and Chambers
has here again evidently been a victim of his own carelessness with
his types.
I have met with no other specimens.
Habitat.—Texas, Kentucky.
TELPHUSA QUINQUECRISTATELLA Chambers.
Gelechia quinquecristatella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 88,
146.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5465, 1891.
Telphusa quinquecristatella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5555, 1903.
The specimens in the U. S. National Museum, determined by Lord
Walsingham as Gelechia quinquecristatella Chambers, agree with
Chambers’s description and undoubtedly represent this species.
Tam unable to distinguish it from authentic specimens (unfortunately
poor) of the European (Yenolechia) xthiops Westwood, and I sent
specimens to Dr. E. Meyrick, who also identified it as this species.
However, the European food-plant of xthiops, rica cinerea, does
not grow wild in this country, and until the species has been bred
here there is a possibility that it is another, closely related species, and
it will be safer to retain it as such until then; but the imagos are surely
very similar.
fHabitat.—Kastern United States.
TELPHUSA LATIFASCIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia latifasciella CuampBers, Cinn. Quart. Jour., I, 1875, p. 251; Bull. U.S.
Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 144.—RitEy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5399,
1891.
Telphusa latifasciella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5556, 1903.
I have examined types in Professor Fernald’s collection and in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge. In the National
Museum are specimens received from Miss Murtfeldt, who writes that
she has bred both the light and the dark forms from similar larve
; Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 50
786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV,
in rolled leaves of oak. I have taken a few specimens from around
Washington, District of Columbia.
fHabitat.—Kentucky, Missouri.
TELPHUSA QUERCINIGRACELLA Chambers.
Gelechia quercinigracella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 170.
Gelechia (Poecilia?) fragmentella Zevupr, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 71.—CHampers, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 148.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5365, 1891.
Gelechia quercinigreella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 146.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5460, 1891.
Telphusa quercinigracella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5557, 1903.
Placed by mistake among the types of Gelechia (Recurvaria) querci-
vorela Chambers in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cam-
bridge, and therefore omitted in Hagen’s list of types’, I found a
specimen differing from the others and labeled in Chambers’s handwrit-
ing G. quercinigracella.
This specimen agrees perfectly with Chambers’s description, and
without doubt represents this species. It is, so far as I know, the
only authentic specimen of this species from Chambers in existence.
It is, as the descriptions would indicate, identical with Zeller’s type
of fragmentella, also found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Both are females.
In the U. S. National Museum there is a good series of this species
bred by the writer from larvee on oak, agreeing well with Chambers’s
description of the larva.
fHabitat.—Texas, Kentucky, District of Columbia, and New York.
TELPHUSA PALLIDEROSACELLA Chambers.
Gelechia (Hrgatis) palliderosacella CuHampers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878,
pp. 90 and 145.—WatstncHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p.
180.—Rixery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5440, 1891.
Telphusa palliderosacella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5558, 1905.
In the U.S. National Museum there are specimens determined by
Lord Walsingham which I believe truly represent this species. I
have received similar specimens from Miss Murtfeldt under that name,
which agree with Chambers’s description.
Food plant.—Oak.
Flabitat.—Texas, Missouri, District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and
New York.
What has been supposed to be a type of pa//iderosacella with Cham-
bers’s label on the pin is found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
in Cambridge, but it does not agree with his description and some
mistake has obviously been made; it is a much rubbed Aristotelia of
the roscosuffusella group.
1 Papilio, IV, 1884, p. 98.
= ee
Su
CO
a]
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK.
TELPHUSA QUERCIELLA Chambers.
Depressaria querciella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 127, 147.
Adrasteia querciella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 207.
Gelechia querciella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Ri ry,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5463, 1891.—Dirrz, Smith N. J. Insects, 1900,
p. 474.
Telphusa querciella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5559, 1903.
Type No. 460, U.S.N.M., of this species, agrees with other speci-
mens from Chambers in Professor Fernald’s collection and in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge. I have met with no
other specimen.
Food plant.—Oak (Chambers).
Habitat.—Kentucky, New Jersey.
TELPHUSA BASISTRIGELLA Zeller.
Gelechia ( Peecilia?) basistrigella Zeuter, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien,
1873; -p: 270; pl: Ly, fig. 23:
Gelechia basistrigella CHAMBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1870, p. 141.—Rtuey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., 5318, No. 1891.
Telphusa basistrigella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5560, 1903.
The unique type of this species is in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge in good condition. I have not seen other
specimens which I can refer with certainty to this species.
Labitat.—Texas.
TELPHUSA BASIFASCIELLA Zeller.
Gelechia (Pecilia) basifasciella ZeLLER, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien,
1873, p:-269) pl. m1, fie. 22:
Gelechia basifasciella CuamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV., 1878, p. 141.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5319, 1891.—Drerz, Smith’s List
Insects N. J., 1900, p. 474.
Telphusa basifasciella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5561, 1903.
I have examined the types of this easily recognized species in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge. In the U.S. Na-
tional Museum there is a specimen identical with these determined by
Lord Walsingham.
fHabitat.—Texas, New Jersey (Dietz).
TELPHUSA BETULELLA, new species.
Telphusa betulella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5562, 1903.
Antenne ?, simple, slightly serrate toward tip, light reddish, with
base of each joint silvery white and tip of each joint dark brown.
Labial palpi, second joint thickened, with rough scales beneath, sil-
very white slightly sprinkled with drap scales and with base drap;
terminal joint suffused with drap and black scales, a small spot on the
Inner side near the middle and the extreme tip whitish. Face and
head light silvery drap, thorax a shade darker. Forewings silvery
white suffused irregularly with drap scales, especially below fold and
in the apical part; extreme base of costa black; at middle of wing a
small dark drap costal spot; near base of wing, just below costa, a
large tuft of raised scales; on middle of fold, at end of disk and
beyond disk, are similar smaller tufts of raised scales, not very con-
spicuous and of the general color of the wing, white and drap mixed.
In apical part and at base of the cilia a few scattered black scales;
cilia whitish.
Hindwing light silvery gray, cilia golden white. Abdomen and
legs golden white, slightly sprinkled with drap. Venation typical;
veins 6 and 7 in hindwing very shortly stalked.
Alar expanse.—12 to 13 mm.
HTabitat.—District of Columbia, Virginia.
Food plant.— Betula nigra.
Type.—No. 6348, U.S.N.M.
Described from several specimens bred in March, 1884, by Mr. Th.
Pergande, and in August, 1899, by the writer.
The larvee are leaf rollers on black birch and pupate in the leaf.
Imago appear during August and another brood overwinters as pupa,
producing adults in early spring.
|
788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
TELPHUSA BELANGERELLA Chambers.
Gelechia belangerella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 210; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Riuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5320, 1891.
Gelechia ( Teleia) oronella WaAtstnGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p.
WAS)
Gelechia oronella Packarn, Fifth Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 630.—RILEy,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5486, 1891.
Gelechia orella Drerz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 474.
Telphusa belangerella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5563, 1903.
The unique well-preserved type of Gelechia belangerella was obtained
from Laval University, Quebec, and is now in the U. 8. National
Museum under type No. 5767. In that collection are also specimens
compared by the writer with Walsingham’s type of Gelechia oronella
in Professor Fernald’s collection.
As the description would indicate the two species are identical. Cham-
bers name must stand. Larva is leaf roller on alder (Packard).
Habitat.—Eastern United States, Canada.
TELPHUSA GLANDIFERELLA Zeller.
Gelechia (Anacampsis) glandiferella Zeuimr, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, _
XXIII, 1873, p. 275, pl. 1v, fig. 25. ;
Gelechia sella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 238. ;
Gelechia glandifuella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 14.
Gelechia glandifera CuaMBERS, Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 24.
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 789
Aiea Pee (oa. U. 8. Geol. aa Bull., IV, 1878, p. 144. eee
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5382, 1891.
Xenolechia glandiferella W AtstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1897, p. 72.
Telphusa glandiferella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5564, 1903.
In the U. S. National Museum are types of both Zeller’s and Cham- .
bers’s Species. I have also examined the types of both in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology. They all represent the form figured by
Zeller, with the large wing spot reaching down to the dorsal edge.
Chambers mentioned a variety in which this spot is represented by
a triangular spot on the fold, not reaching the margin. This supposed
variety is also represented in the National Museum, labeled by Lord
Walsingham Gelechia glandiferclla. 1am inclined to believe it a quite
distinct species, but until its life history is known it may remain under
the present species.
Riley made pallidocherella Chambers a synonym of this species, but,
as I have shown,’ this is a mistake. Chambers described only two
+. ots as pallidochrella, the one is type of //elice [p. 804], and prob-
ably is the one confounded with the above; the other is a Gnorimos-
chema |p. 828}.
AGNIPPE Chambers.
Plate XX VIII, figs. 6-7.
Agnippe CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, p. 194.
Labial palpi long curved; second joint slightly thickened, with rough
scales beneath toward apex, terminal joints smooth pointed, nearly
long as second.
Forewings elongate ovate, pointed; 10 or 11 veins; vein 11 absent;
vein 5 absent or out of 4, 7 and 8 out of 6. Hindwings slightly
broader than forewings; trapezoidal apex pointed; termen sinuate; 7
veins, 6 absent; 2, 3, 4, and 4 separate, equidistant; cell open between
5 and 7.
Only two species are at present recognized, which may be separated
thus:
Vein 5 in forewing, present; head brownish, /¢scolorella, p. 789.
Vein 5 in forewing, absent; head white, fuscopulvella, p. 790.
AGNIPPE BISCOLORELLA Chambers.
Agnippe biscolorella CHamBers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 195; V, 1873, p. 230; VII,
1875p: 106;" LX, 1877, p. 231°-Bull. U.S. Geol..Surv.; LV, 1878, p: 128;—
Ritey, Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5296 [part], 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List. Amer. Lep., No. 5567, 1903.
Type No. 442, in the U. 8. National Museum, of the species, is
identical with type in Professor Fernald’s collection and types in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, and agrees perfectly with Cham-
bers’s generic and specific description.
1 Journ. New York Ent. Boon X, 1902, p p. 93.
790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
The synonomy with the following species, which Chambers himself
suggested, will not stand as explained under that species.
Food plant.—Chambers surmised ' that this species fed in some way
on Gleditschia tricanthos (honey locust), but nothing definitely is
known of the early stages.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
AGNIPPE FUSCOPULVELLA Chambers.
Agnippe fuscopulvella CHAMBERS, Can Ent., [V, 1872, p. 195.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5568, 1903.
Agnippe biscolorella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 128.
Agnippe biscolorella var. fuscopulvella Ritmy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.
5296a, 1891.
Though at first recognizing this as a distinct species, Chambers was
led later by the superficial similarity to make it a synonym of the
foregoing species.
In the U. S. National Museum, however, is, besides the type of bzs-
colorella, another specimen received from Chambers at the same time
as this. It is in Chambers’s mounting and furnished with an iden-
tical small label and the number 7, as is found on the pin of b/scolorella.
But it is a different, though very similar insect, which agrees well
with Chambers’s description of fuscopulvella, and which I feel confi-
dent is the original type of that species. This view was substantiated
during a study of Chambers’s types in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge, where types of both species, correctly named
by Chambers himself, were found.
A superficial examination might bring the conclusion, as it did to
Chambers, that fuscopulvella is a worn specimen, or a variety of bzsco-
lorella, but when closely examined it is easily seen that the dirty
whitish ground color in fuscopulvella, which gives the appearance of
a worn wing, really is intact and suits Chambers’s description of fwsco-
pulvella well.
And a study of the venation will show that though very similar to
that of b¢scolorel/a it differs in lacking vein 5 on the forewings.
All other points in venation, form of wing, and palpi are identical
with those of the type of the genus, the definition of which I have
therefore only widened in that one respect.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
NEALYDA Dietz.
Plate XX VIII, fig. 8.
Nealyda Drerz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 350; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900,
p. 228.
Labial palpi moderate, curved, ascending, smooth, second joint
’ 5 2) 9
1 Can Ent., IX, p. 231.
reege &
i
No.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 791
slightly thickened with appressed scales; terminal joint shorter than
second, also somewhat thickened with scales, pointed. Forewings
ovate, pointed, with very heavy scaling, making them appear propor-
tionately broader; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked. Hindwings under I,
trapezoidal; apex produced; termen so deeply emarginate as to make
wing bilobed; 6 veins, 5 and 6 absent, 7 to apex cell open between
4 and 7.
The larve are leaf miners; they are flattened, suggesting Lithocolletis
larvee of the flat type; abdominal legs on segments 7-10 long, thin,
with globular swelling at the end; no anal feet; they pupate in flat
cocoons outside the mine.
Only three species are at present known, but that more remain to be
discovered is proven by the supposed type of Gelechia grisse fasciella
Chambers, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge,
which is an undescribed species of Vealyda.
The described species may be separated as follows:
1. Dark fascia sharply defined on both sides......---.---------------J yisonix, p. 791
2. Dark fascia not sharply defined toward the base of wing --.----------------- 3
3. Labial palpi dark; both joints tipped with white-..--..------------ bifidella, p. 791
Labial palpi light, not tipped with white ....-...--------------- kinzelella, p. 792
NEALYDA PISONIZ Busck.
Nealyda pisonie Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., M XIII, 1900, p. 229, pl. 1, fig. 5.—
Dyar, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., IV, 1901, p. 470.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5569, 1902.
Types of male and female are found in the U.S. National Museum
(No. 4935).
Larva makes large trumpet-formed upper mine in leaves of //sonca
aculeata.
Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida.
NEALYDA BIFIDELLA Dietz.
Nealyda bifidella Dinrz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 351, pl. 1, fig. 2.—Busck, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 228.—Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV,
406, 1902.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5570, 1903.
In the U. S. National Museum is a cotype received from Dr. Dietz;
also a large series of perfect specimens bred by Dr. Dyar and the
writer from material collected by Dr. Dyar at Salida, Colorado, in
July, 1901.
The larva works as leaf miner in the identical manner as the two
other species, and has the same strange form and deyelopment of the
abdominal legs; anal legs absent.
Food plant.—Allionia nyctagined.
Habitat.—Colorado.
799 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
NEALYDA KINZELELLA Busck.
Nealyda kinzelella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 230; Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5571, 1903; Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV,
paleo Ol
Types are in U. S. National Museum (No. 4936).
Larva is leaf miner on Psonda obtusata.
Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida. .
CHRYSOPORA Clemens
Plate X XIX, fig. 9.
Chrysopora CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 362.
Nomia CurmMens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 167.
Nannodia HEINEMANN, Schmetterlinge Deutschland und der Schweiz, 1870, p. 284.
hae ee a a St Sat
Labial palpi moderate, curved smooth, thin pointed, terminal joint
shorter than second joint. Forewings narrow, ovate, pointed; 12
veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 6 separate. Hindwing under I; apex greatly
produced; hind margin deeply and circularly excavated beneath it and
anal angle rounded; 7 veins, 6 absent, cell not closed, 5 nearly obso-
lete approximate to 4, 3 and 4 separate.
This genus, of which (ingulacella Clemens is the type, seems a
development from Av7stotelia, and forms an interesting step toward
the extreme form of hindwings as found in the foregoing genus Vea-
lyda Dietz.
The larvee, as far as known, are leaf miners on Atriplex and Cheno- —
ot Sade Sts os
ai enn
podium.
Only the following two species are at present recognized from
America:
With uninterrupted silvery fascia before middle of forewing - ----- hermanella, p. 793
Silvery fascia interrupted at the fold’: =25- 430 ee) Bee eee lingulacella, p. 792
CHRYSOPORA LINGULACELLA Clemens.
Nomia lingulacella CuEmMEns, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 167; Stainton
Ed. Nor. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 124.
Chrysopora lingulacella Curmens, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 862; —
Stainton Ed. Nor. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 158.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., —
No. 5572, 1903.
Gelechia hermanella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, pp. 67 and 169; Ent. Mo.
Mag., XI, 1875, p. 279; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 117 and 144;
Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 52.—Rinry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5393, 1891. ©
Chrysopora lingualacella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 134. P
Gelechia hermonella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1878, p. 173. x
Gelechia armeniella Frey and Bont, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XIX, 1878, p. 249.— :
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5314, 1891. g
1 iS
Clemens’s type of this species is lost, but there is no difficulty in —
identifying this striking insect from his careful description.
No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 793
It is the same species which Chambers, judging from Stainton’s fig-
ure of that species, persistently but wrongfully identified as hermanella
Fabricius, although he himself noticed several differences from this
European species, both in the larva and in the imago.
The similar life mode and the common food plant of these two spe-
cies, together with the great resemblance in coloration, made this mis-
take very natural.
Frey, who was acquainted with the European hermane//a in nature,
distinguished between the two and described the American species as
Gelechia armeniella, not recognizing that it had already been described
by Clemens, a fact which Chambers afterwards realized and brought
out in his index, still, however, clinging to his belief that it was noth-
ing but a variety of hermanella.
Chambers, writing on this species, said that he first found the true
hermanella at Lake Michigan, and afterwards what he called the variety
in Kentucky. This may be possible, but all evidence indicates that
he was mistaken in his first determination, and that it was Chrysopora
lingulacella bred from Chenopodium album. His notes on differences
in larva and imago from Stainton’s figure of Aermanella indicate this.
In all events, I have examined all existing specimens, determined by
Chambers in the United States National Museum, in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, and in Professor Fernald’s collec-
tion. They are all alike and represent Clemens’s species.
Food plant.— Chenopodium and Atriplex.
Tabitat.—Michigan, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania,
District of Columbia.
CHRYSOPORA HERMANELLA Fabricius.
sinea hermanella Fasrictus, Species Insectorum, II, 1781, p. 509.
Chrysopora hermanella StAuUDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, No. 2896, 1901.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5578, 1903.
I have seen only a single specimen of this species from America;
the one sent me for determination from Laval University, Quebec,
Canada. The U.S. National Museum contains a fine series of Euro-
pean specimens.
LEUCE Chambers.
Plate X XIX, fig. 10.
Nera CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 9.
Deuce CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 51.
Labial palpi rather short, second joint thickened with large tuft
beneath; terminal joint shorter than second, thickened with appressed
scales, blunt. Forewings elongate, ovate, pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8
stalked, 3 and 4 connate from corner of cell, 2 distant, long; with tufts
>:
of raised scales. Hindwing less than I trapezoidal, apex produced,
794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
termen sinuate, anal angle rounded; 8 veins, 6 and 7 parallel, 3 and 4
closely approximate, 5 nearest 4.
The genus was placed by Riley in the Lavernide in Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., probably on account of Chambers’s mistake in rede-
scribing the type as Laverna fuscocristatella. This, however, Cham-
bers himself corrected, and his description as well as his types prove
that it belongs to the Gelechiidx. Only the one species is at present
recognized.
LEUCE FUSCOCRISTATELLA Chambers.
Nera fuscocristatella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 9; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Surv., 1V; 1873; p: 27.
Laverna fuscocristatella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 34.
Leuce fuscocristatella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 51.—Ritey, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5740, 1891.—Busckx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5574, 1903.
Anarsia (?) belfragesella CHAMBERS, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1879, p. 183.—
Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5542, 1891.
Type No. 495 in the U.S. National Museum of Meera fuscocristatella
is identical with the tvpe of this species in Professor Fernald’s col-
lection and types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
They agree well with the description, and are all authenticated by
Chambers’s handwriting on the labels.
Anarsia ? belfragesella is another name for this species, as Cham-
bers’s descriptions and his authentic type in the museum in Cambridge
prove.
All of these types are from Texas. I have met with no other
specimen.
ARISTOTELIA Hubner.
Plate X XIX, fig. 11.
Aristotelia Htspner Verz. bek. Schm., 1818, p. 424.
Hucatoptus W AusinGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 69.
Labial palpi long, slender, curved; second joint thickened with
appressed scales, somewhat roughened beneath; terminal joint long,
smooth, pointed.
Forewings narrow, elongate, pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked.
Hindwings as broad or nearly as broad as forewings, elongate trape-
zoidal, apex produced, pointed, termen emarginate; 8 veins, all sepa-
‘ate, 38, 4, and 5 remote from each other, 6 and 7 parallel.
Lord Walsingham has separated,’ under the generic name Aicatop-
tus, such species of this genus in which the males have a costal hair
pencil from base of hindwing. I can not, however, believe that this
is a good generic character and that /wcatoptus should be retained as
1 Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 69.
od
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCE. 795
a good natural ¢ genus. That character? is ; found i in several genera,
and very closely allied species are found differing in the presence or
absence of this hair pencil, while others, evidently farther apart,
would go together on account of the possession of it.
Miss Murtfeldt’s species Hucatoptus striatella,” however, can not be
included in that genus, and consequently not in the present, as it has
veins 3 and 4 in hindwings connate and also differs in palpal charac-
ters. It belongs to Meyrick’s recent genus Phthorimea, under which
it will be treated.
Of the species included in Aristotelia by Dr. Dietz,’ prnifolieclla
Chambers will be found treated under Paralechia Buseck, attributella
under Lpithectis Meyrick, and dors/vittella under Recurvaria Daworth.
The species at present recognized belonging to this genus may be
separated thus:
Horewinecsunicolorous: Or nearly SOvs 2 ss5= a2 Se cece ce clo ciie tate aces cieiae = 1
Rone wala os ren Ot ptm COLOGOU Sirs regere tyes ape rapert ea att (mole ayia rota etols =inlo ea are 7
Promina colorsicht white -or yellowish. 222 22... s2c22 5 fk ose lec cee c ce 2
Croundicolor darks black: Ox MMSCOUSiE 252s sens sac eas Sel eo ete 5
2. Forewings with five black discal dots....-.....--..----- quinguepunctella, p. 804
Biarewinedswiihout. such tive:dote: 2245) 5 ei el et MLN 22 se tek. 31
3. With light yellow costal streak at beginning of cilia. ........-..----------- 4
Waltons @lMstreakeme as pO eaiy She Se te es Oi gore avests = disconotella, p. 802
Peabip-or terminal job ot labial palpi black =.2--s.22-..222322-- kearfottella, p. 803
iMeoilabiale pal piemaotiolack= ac. pyaar eee ss sete a ore gilvoliniella, p. 803
5. Antenne with fifth and tenth apical joint white above --.-.-- absconditella, yy. 801
ATORTELOUAS) YUE OVOIDIBEND CUM REL TKOPO ONS) Seen ane te Ae SS cl = ene eee 6
Omelaceycreamypevellows ans ae see Aarne sss: Naseer cnet physaliella, p. 802
MAG ek an Kass see ee See eS cetoe seo oe Maen Siete ep nS enciaeia sae minimella, p. 802
Pac oenne talllliernmant kal Og Wyte tates eBay a= ea a eee 8 eae Nae Sere a 8
WMalhhoubemnetaliincsnnar lim ost = ete nyse Seer ynta Phy eter eee mice s are 10
8. Basal two-thirds of forewing light yellow.-..-...-.------------ cockeralla, p. 800
Basaletwo-bhirdsof forewing notryellow - 272. 2495-5252 7s osc e este ele 9
UWA Denowaolblackdiscalt dots oss a. 4524+ aonceeerioe ase = ane elegantella, p. 799
Wat nour SUGhenOweOl) Obs, a5) cma cina seca 982 Sass oases argentifera, p. 800
i eenore wines wath dank: tasclaat apical third. .-2.2 25. s-css-cio = sone a se eos oe 11
DRAPE ire bMAsGIat rs. ier ono Rael nse Sas Manne Soe tee ee tea 12
Memileadcand thorax lightryellowessac.. 2 scoc--e 2 sisiss coe ee bifasciella, p. 799
RelGerolecnmclatln@masalGleuh kee teases scene a eee les Set eh ie pee ay on molestelia, p. 797
Ze bore wines ore; onless roseate 2. ja 5. 22202. set Jess ies Bes we eee 13
Hore wanes motmoOseate: See Nese 2 oS ch Sc yee eeroeiae ese we, p. 799
feyvath pure white costal markings -:..--.---.9----s2--25-.- roseosuffuse ila, p. 796
Waxrhonpspube white costal markings) i. sasscasccetee ena ence aceseecew 14
14. Males with costal hair pencil at base of hindwing.-....----.---- rubidella, p. 798
MAeahwathioutssichh ain poemel le Ace Sela clan yee etapa pee ae Se eee 5)
15. Extreme apex of third joint of labial palpi black........--- pudibundella, p. 796
PANDO NaI O MMO LAG Kes ot eh er eee cna eet Oe eee Meer ue B 798
'This hair ane is of an ae other aaa ies een nature ean the one
found in the genus Phthorimxa Meyrick (p. 821), where the wing itself is modified
for its reception.
2Can. Ent., X XXII, 1900, p. 163.
*Smith’s List of New Jersey Insects, 1900.
796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
ARISTOTELIA ROSEOSUFFUSELLA Clemens.
Gelechia roseosuffusella CLEMENS, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 1860, pp. 162,
434; Proce. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 121; Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., ITI,
1864, p. 508; Stainton Ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872, pp. 40, 113, 225, 262.—CHam-
BERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 69, 148, 169, 193; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv.,
III, 1877, pp. 125, 141; Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 14; Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, pp. 110, 146; Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, p. 183.—
Murtretpt, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 222; Bull. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent.,
1891, pp. 23, 53.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5470, 1891.
Gelechia rosasuffusella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., IT, 1875, p. 290.
Gelechia (Ergatis) roseosuffusella ZevuER, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1872, p. 272, pl. iv, fig. 24.—WatsincHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
X, 1882, p. 180.
Gelechia bellela WALKER, Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 595.
Aristotelia roseosuffusella W ALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 66.—Drerz,
Smith’s List N. Jers. Insects, 1900, p. 474.—Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
XXIII, 1900, p. 226; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5575, 1903.
There is great need of careful observations on and breeding of this
and the several closely allied species. To Miss Mary Murtfeldt is due
what has been done already in this direction in this group, and with-
out her records we should be still more at sea than now is the case.
What I provisionally, in common with Miss Murtfeldt and Lord
Walsingham, take to be this species is the same as Zeller held to be
roseosuffusella, as is shown by Zeller’s authentic specimens in Cambridge
and in the U.S. National Museum. It is also what Chambers and
Riley thought to be the species, as is shown by the specimens deter.
mined by them. This species breeds in 77/folium pratense and is com-
mon all over the continent and is also found in the West Indies.
But Clemens says expressly that voscosuffusella feeds in the fruit
panicles of sumach.*
It is unlikely that the species has both foed plants. I have endeay-
ored during the last years to breed all Micro-lepidoptera found on
sumach with this particular question in view, but have not met with
any which belong in this group.
Clemens made his statement about the food plant four and a half
years after his description of the insect, and has possibly made a mis-
take somehow; but if ever a Gelechiid answering his description is
bred from sumach, it must of course retain Clemens’s name and a new
name must be provided for the 7r7folium feeder.
In the U. S. National Museum are two specimen named by Zeller,
one labeled by Chambers, and three by Lord Walsingham, besides
numerous specimen from many different localities.
ARISTOTELIA PUDIBUNDELLA Zeller.
Gelechia (Ergatis) pudibundella ZetuEr, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 273.—WatsincHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, p. 181.
1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., III, p. 508.
|
|
se Ae
Nest as eS Bigs hs
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 797
Gelechia pudibundella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1V, 1878, p. 146.—Riney,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5454, 1891.
Gelechia intermediella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 89, 144.—
WALSINGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X., 1882, p. 180.—Mukxtretpr, Bull.
U.S. Dept. Agri. Div. Ent., 23, 1871, p. 53.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5392, 1891.
Aristotelia pudibundella W ALstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 66.—Buscx,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 226; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5576, 1903.
Aristotelia intermediella Dierz, Smith’s List Ins., N. Jersey, 1900, p. 475.
Of this species I have examined Zeller’s types in Cambridge and in
the U. S. National Museum, which are alike; also a large series of
moths bred from apple by Miss Murtfeldt (as ¢ntermediella?) and at
the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Whether Miss Murtfeldt was right in her determination of her spe-
cies bred from apple as ¢ntermediella Chambers, and consequently
Lord Walsingham’s conclusion that 7ntermediel/a is synonymous with
Zeller’s species, is not apparent to me.
No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. S07
EUCGCORDYLEA Dietz.
Plate X XIX, fig. 14.
Eucordylea Dinrz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 349.
Labial palpi large, robust, second joint with dense expansible tuft
of long hairs on the upper side, terminal joint shorter than second,
smooth, pointed.
Forewings elongate, narrow, dorsal edge slightly sinuate at vein 2,
apex obtusely pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8 out of 6; 3, 4, and 5 long,
approximate from lower corner of cell; 2 distant, short. Hindwings
trapezoidal, apex blunt, termen slightly bisinuate; 8 veins, 3 and 4
nearly connate, 5 approximate to 4, 6 and 7 connate.
This genus is a specialized development from Recurvaria Haworth,
easily recognized by the peculiar palpi.
Only the one species is described; in Dr. Dietz’s collection is another,
smaller, mottled-gray species, which he kindly offered the writer for
description, but it is not, in my judgment, in sufficiently good condition
to describe.
I am under obligation to Dr. Dietz for his liberal permission to
make a slide of his unique type specimen in order to determine the
venation with certainty. The figure is made from this type slide.
EUCORDYLEA ATRUPICTELLA Dietz.
Eucordylea atrupictella Dierz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 350, pl. 1, figs. 1 and la.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5595, 1903.
IT have had opportunity to study carefully the type of this species
in Dr. Dietz’s collection; it isa male. In the U. 5. National Museum
is another perfect male specimen, received from A. W. Hanham,
collected in Ontario, Canada; the type is from Pennsylvania.
RECURVARIA Haworth.
Plate X XIX, fig. 15.
Recurvaria Hawortu, Lep. Brit. Lond., 1829, p. 547.
Evagora CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. ee Se. Phila., 1860, p. 165.
Eidothoa Cuampers, Can. Ent., V, 1875, p. 186.
Sinoé CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., V, ‘ie oe Zils
Aphanaula Mryrick , Handh< 0k Br. Lep., 1895, p. 579.
Not Recurvaria (Haworth Meyrick, Handbook Br. Lep., 1895, p. 606.
Labial palpi slightly thickened, with rough scales beneath; terminal
joint pointed, shorter than second joint. Forewing elongate, narrow,
pointed, dorsal edge slightly sinuate at vein 2; 12 veins, 7 and 8 out
of 6; 3,4, 5 long, approximate from end of cell, 2 short, separate.
Hindwings narrower than forewings, trapezoidal, apex produced,
pointed, termen sinuate; 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate, 5 approximate to 4,
6 and 7 approximate. Forewings often with raised scales. The males
of several of the American species have the costal hair pencil at base of
~ 808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXYV.
hindwing, which Zeller mentions in his species, belonging to this genus
and which Lord Walsingham regarded as of generic value.'
I have before (p. 771) given the reasons why I can not agree with
him in this.
Clemens’s careful definition of Hvagora apicitripunctella does not
leave any doubt about the generic characters of that species, even if
there may be some differences of opinion about the identification of
the species (p. 809).
The type of Chambers’s genus S/noé is fuscopallidella, of which the
unique type is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. This is in
very poor condition, but shows positively that its generic characters
are the same as those of H»agora and of the two European species,
nanella Hiibner and Jeucatella Linneus, at present included by Stau-
dinger and Rebel in Recurvaria as now restricted (Aphanaula Meyrick).
The type of Chambers’s genus /7dothoa, vagationella, I regard as
synonymous with Zeller’s Gelechia dorsivittella, which also belongs to
the present genus.
The recognized species of Recurnaria in America may be separated
by the following table:
Horewings more;or lessiochreous)2 j325 3-2-3 =o eS es ae eee = ee eee 1
Horewin os nothochTeOuUs!: ss4-= <2s52 = eee ee ee See ee 4
42 Jicatiall palpi pure Wihttes - est os se ws ee eee variella, p. 809
Eabial palpi with dark-mariangs. $< Sa22. 5-32 2 seers = ae Se eee 2
2. Forewings with distinct row of black dots on costal apical edge -.....-.--.---- 3
Forewings without such distinct dots ......-----..--------- obliquestrigella, p. 811
3. Forewings with indistinct angulated whitish fascia... ..--- apicitripunctella, p. 808
Rorewings without suchwasciay ss ose sss ee ee ee sa ee colobrine, p. 810
4. Forewings very dark, nearly unicolorous =o. 5— 5. 20 2223 eee nigra, p. 814
Forewlnes lighter, ot -micolorouso.) 2 y.2 seta ee ee ee 5
5. Forewings with oblique pronounced costal white streak at basal third cristatella, p. 814
Forewings: without such pronounced ‘streak 34: 2255032. 2 eee seen 6
6. Forewings with black dorsal patch near base. ---..--..---------- robiniella, p. 812
Forewings without sue patch 22222 e Fs Eee. aa ee eee 7
7. Dorsal edge. of wings: pure white: 5.322.412 5. 3255--. = eee dorsivittella, p. 818
Dorsal-edee mot: whitie.= ee ae = Pas ae ee ee eee 8
8. Males with costal hair pencil at base of hindwing ...-.------- querciverella, p. 813
Males without'such hain pencil {2822s se a ee eee crategella, p. 811
RECURVARIA APICITRIPUNCTELLA Clemens.
Evagora upicitripunctella CLEMENS, Proce. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phila., 1860, p. 165;
Stainton Ed. No. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 120.—CHamBens, Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5297, 1891.
Gelechia ( Evagora) apicitripunctella WatstncHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila.,
X, 1882, p. 1:82.
Gelechia abietisella Packarp, U. S. Dept. Agr. Rep., 1883, p. 150, pl. m1, fig. 2;
pl. xiu, fig. 7; Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 876, pl. 1x, fig. 2; pl. xxv1,
fig. 7.
Recurvaria apicitripunctella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5596, 1903.
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 64.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. S09
While there is no difficulty about the identity of Clemens’s genus, it
is not quite so satisfactory with the specific identity of his type of the
genus.
Lord Walsingham placed it as synonymous with Zeller’s g7/vosco-
pella, and as Clemens’ type is not in existence it is difficult to prove or
disprove the identity absolutely, and I should have left it on Walsing-
ham’s authority, even though the synonymy seemed very strange from
the quite different descriptions of the two species, if I had not been
able to examine the evidence on which Lord Walsingham based his
opinion in 1882.
These specimens (labeled with Lord Walsingham’s blue labels, nos.
148, 149, and 150, corresponding to his identification in his notebook’),
are in Professor Fernald’s collection, and they surely are not the same
as the type of Zeller’s gi/voscopella, preserved in excellent condition
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
They are in rather poor condition, but agree as far as can be made
out with undoubted specimen of abzetisel/a Packard, a large, bred series
of which is in the U. S. National Museum.
Here also are to be found two specimens labeled in Lord Walsing-
ham’s handwriting wpicitripunctella, one determined in 1887 and one
in 1891. The first is bred from locust and is vobinzella Fitch (p. 812),
and the other is the same as the specimens in Professor Fernald’s
collection and is abzetisella Packard.
That Lord Walsingham at that time, with the limited material at
his command, was not very certain about these nearly related, similar
species is shown by his suggestion” that dors¢o7tieala Zeller and crista-
tella Chambers might also be mere varieties of apicitripunctella.
Clemens’s description agrees well with adzetisella, but can not be
reconciled with Zeller’s description of g//voscopella, the one belonging
to the ochreous group, the other to the fuscous.
While, then, absolute proof about this species can not be obtained
because the type 1s lost, it seems evident to me, after careful analysis
of the different descriptions and with large series of mostly bred speci-
mens of all these allied species before me, that aprctripunctella (1)
can not be Zeller’s gilvoscopella, and (2) can not be any other species
than Packard’s abietisella.
food plant.— Abies canadensis.
The males have the hair pencil at base of the hindwings.
RECURVARIA VARIELLA Chambers.
Gelechit variella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 174; VI, 1874, p. 241; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 148.—Ritry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5507, 1891.
Recurvaria variella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5597, 1902.
"See preface, p. 768. *Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, p. 182.
810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Type No. 465 in the U.S. National Museum of this species, received |
from Chambers with his handwriting on the label, is identical with
types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.
They are in very poor condition, but agree well with description,
and unquestionably represent this species. A slide of the wings made
from the one side of the National Museum type, for the double pur- —
pose of preserving and studying the species, shows that it belongs in
the present genus.
I have bred a large series of these moth from bald cypress (7ao-
dium distinctum) on grounds of the U. 5. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, District of Columbia. The larvee work in the same way
as apicitripunctella on hemlock, uniting a few needles and feeding
between them. The pupa is also found in silk lined tubes formed of a
fewneedles. Several generations occur during the summer, the imagoes
of one of which are very abundant in early July.
ch i it a gl it Sls le
RECURVARIA COLUBRINAZE, new species.
Recurvaria colubrine BuscKk, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5598, 1902.
Antenne light brown with white annulations. Labial palpi with see-
ond joint light brown, white at apex; terminal joint white with a broad
brown annulation round middle and a narrow one just before the tip.
Face, head, and thorax reddish white with scattered light-brown
seales. Forewings dirty ochreous white, outer half suffused with light
fuscous. On costa are three equidistant brown spots, one near base,
one at middle, and one at the beginning of costal cilia. In the middle
of the wing are three small brown spots in a straight longitudinal line,
one at basal third, one at middle of wing, and one at the end of the
cell. Just within the dorsal cilia are two large ill-defined longitudinal
brown spots, and at apical edge is a row of dark dots.
Cilia whitish, mixed toward apex with fuscous. Hindwing silvery
fuscous, cilia yellowish. Legs dark brown with white annulations;
posterior tibial above yellowish white.
Alar expanse.—10 mm.
Type.—No. 6354, U.S.N.M.
This moth was bred in the insectary of U. S. Department of Agri-
culture by Mr. Th. Pergande, from /sy//a galls on Colubrina texensis
received from Mr. E. A. Schwarz, from Rockport, Texas, August, 1894.
Mr. Pergande writes in the notebook on this species under no. 6336:
Found in Psylla galls on Colubrina tevana, a small Tineid larva of a yellowish white
color with the incisions between the segments pinkish and the head and cervical
shield yellow. This larva feeds upon the Psyllids; there were also found within the —
galls a few pupze belonging to this larva.
Although unwilling to doubt so careful and trained an observer as —
Mr. Pergande, I would say that the generic relations of the species —
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 811
indicate that the Psyllid-galls were merely used as an accidental con-
venient retreat for pupation and that the species probably is a vege-
table feeder as the other species of the genus, whose life histories are
known.
RECURVARIA OBLIQUISTRIGELLA Chambers.
Anarsia obliquistrigela CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 65.
Gelechia obliquistrigella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, p. 175; VII, 1875, p. 106;
IX, 1877, p. 24; X, 1878, p. 50; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—
Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5422, 1891.
Recurvaria obliqustrigella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5599, 1902.
Not Gelechia obliquistrigella Packarp, U.S. Ent. Comm. Rep., V, 1890, p. 850,
fig. 284.
In Professor Fernald’s collection I have examined several specimens
received from Chambers as this species and identified by Lord Wal-
singham in 1882 as vbliquistrigella. One of these | obtained through
the kindness of Professor Fernald for the U.S. National Museum.
They are identical with the type in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, as far as the miserable condition of this latter permits
identification. At least they agree generically and belong to the
present genus. These specimens agree tolerably well with Chambers’s
description.
Packard? figures a Gelechia, bred from spruce and which had been
determined by Professor Fernald as Gelechia obliquistrigdla.
But the species figured is surely not the present species, agreeing
neither with the types nor with the description of obl/quistrigella, the
food plant of which must for the present stand unknown.
This species has not the hair pencil at base of hindwing in the males.
RECURVARIA CRATAEGELLA, new species.
Recurvaria crataegella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5600, 1902.
? Recurvaria nanella Hipner, Staudinger and Rebel Cat. Eur. Lep., II, No.
2874, 1901.
Antenne whitish with indistinct narrow dark-brown annulations.
Labial palpi whitish with two black annulations on each joint, tip
white. Face, head, and thorax white suffused with fuscous.
Forewings white thickly sprinkled with fuscous. From near the
base of costa is an outwardly directed oblique ill-detined black streak,
not reaching to the dorsal edge, more or less interrupted at the fold
and bordered on the outside with white scales. From middle of costa
is a similar, parallel, interrupted dark streak still less clearly defined.
At the end of the cell in middle of wing is a short black longitudinal
streak; below this on dorsal edge is a small black spot and on costal
edge is two similar black spots, one at apical third, the other just
1U. S. Ent. Comm. Report, V, p. 850. fig. 284.
>? ? >
812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
\
before apex. Cilia white, speckled black, and fuscous. Hindwings —
light silvery fuscous, cilia a shade lighter than wing; male without =:
costal hairpencil.
Abdomen dark fuscous, anal tuft silvery gray; legs white with ©
black annulations; hairs on posterior tibia silvery white. Alar ex-
panse, 12 mm.
Type.—No. 6355, U.S.N.M.
Bred by Dr. William Dietz in Hazleton, Pennsylvania, from Crategus |
tomentosus in June, but without any notes on the larva or its habit.
The species is very near the other fuscous species of the genus and
easily mixed with c7/statella Chambers, but besides minor colorational
differences, it differs in the lack of hairpencil at base of hindwings in
the male.
I am, at present, unable to separate this species from a series of
authentic European specimens of Recurvarta nanella Hiibner, and Iam
conscious of the probability of my making a synonym of this species,
the life history of which, according to Meyrick’s Handbook of British
Lepidoptera, is not definitely known, but which is variously said to
feed in flowers or in shoots of pear or on lichens growing on the
trunk.
As long as definite knowledge of the larva of both species is lacking,
I regard it a much better policy to treat the American form as a
distinct species, instead of running the risk of wrongly recording |
European species in America, which has already been done, too hastily
in my opinion, in other groups of 7/neinze. Such records are very
difficult to disprove, and, if wrong, not only encumber our lists and
tables, but give false ideas of geographical distribution.
RECURVARIA ROBINIELLA Fitch.
Anacampsis robiniella Frrcn, Rep. Nox. Benef. Insects N. York, V, 1859, p.
835.—CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., III, 1871, pp. 163, 183.
Gelechia robiniella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Riey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5469, 1891.
Sinoe fuscopallidella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 231; VII, 1875, pp. 105, 106.
Gelechia (Sinoé) fuscopallidella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 24; Rep. U.S.
Dept. Agr., 1879, p. 225.
Gelechia fuscopallidella CuamBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., 1878, IV, p. 143.—
Riuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5371, 1891.
Gelechia robinixfoliella CHamMBers, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agr., p. 224, 1879.
Recurvaria robiniella Buscx, Dyar’s List Am. Lep., No. 5601, 1902.
As already realized by Chambers, Fitch evidently made a mistake in
associating his moth described as Anacampsis robiniella with the larva
and mine described under that name. This is clear, as he could not
breed a moth with alar expanse 0.45 inch froma full-grown larva only
0.18 inch long.
Fitch collected his Robinia leaves in the autumn and in the spring |
his moth appeared, so it seems reasonable that some other larger larva |
no. 1304 REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 813
have been present, unnoticed by Fitch, from which the moth came,
which he associated with the larva and mine, he had taken notes on
the previous fall. His description of the moth is not very satisfac-
tory, but there is no other species feeding on Robinia but the present
of about the size he gives, and it is reasonably certain that this is the
species he had under consideration.
Chambers’s type of Sinw fuscopallidella I have examined in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is in very poor condition, but
agrees well with the description as far as could be made out, and
shows positively that its generic characters are identical with those of
Lvagora Clemens, and also that it is specifically identical with the
common Robinia-feeding species, which Chambers later described as
Gelechia robinixfoliella, he himself suggesting that it was the same
species as previously described by him as fuscopallidella.
A large bred series is in U. S. National Museum.
The males have no hairpencil at base of hindwing.
LTabitat.—Texas, Kentucky, eastern United States.
RECURVARIA QUERCIVORELLA Chambers.
Gelechia quercivorella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p.173; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Rizey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5462,
1891.
Gelechia (Teleia) gilviscopella ZeuterR, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 266.
Gelechia gilvoscopella CHAMBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Riney,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5297 (part) 1891.
Recurvaria quercivorella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5602, 1903.
Zeller’s two types (males) of gélv/scopella in the museum in Cam-
bridge are in perfect condition and show this species to be a much
larger and darker species than Clemens apicitripunctella. Identical
specimens in large series are in U.S. National Museum. The type in
Cambridge of Chambers querc/vorella is in miserable condition, con-
sisting only of head with palpi, thorax, and one forewing. It is, how-
ever, undoubtedly a Recurvaria, and I have no hesitancy, after careful
comparison with Zeller’s types of gilu/scopella, to determine it as the
same as this species, which is also an Oak-feeder.
Chambers’ name must take precedence.
Habitat.—Kentucky, Texas, eastern United States.
RECURVARIA DORSIVITTELLA Zeller.
Gelechia ( Tellia?) dorsivittella ZeuuER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII,
1873, p. 267, pl. 111, fig. 20.
Gelechia dorsivittella CHAMBERS, Bali. U. 8. Geol. Sur., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Riey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5357, 1891.
Aristotelia dorsivittella W ALstNGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 66.
Aristotelia dorsivitella Dierz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 475.
.er
Fidothoa vagatioella CuamBers, Can, Ent., V, 1873, p. 187; VII, 1875, p. 105.
814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
Gelechia vagatioella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Riey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5505, 1891.
vecurvaria dorsivittella Buseck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5603, 1903.
Type of dors:vittella was found in the museum in Cambridge in
good condition in May, 1900, and agrees with a specimen determined
by Lord Walsingham in the U. S. National Museum.
IT assume the synonymy of Chambers’ wagutioe/a, which seems rea-
sonably certain from the generic and specific descriptions of that
species, all authentic material of which is lost.
Habitat. —Texas, Kentucky, Eastern United States, West Indies.
RECURVARIA CRISTATELLA Chambers.
Gelechia cristatella CHampBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sc., IJ, 1875, p. 241; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.
5346, 1891.
Gelechia ( Evagora) cristatella W ALsStNGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882,
pp- 179, 182.
Recurvaria cristatella Buscx, Dyar’s List. Amer. Lep., No. 5604, 1903.
Type No. 449 in the U. 5. National Museum, received from Cham-
bers, is identical with four types examined by the writer in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology.
The former is a male and has the yellow hair pencil on hindwing; so_
have the males in Cambridge. No other specimens are known to me.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
RECURVARIA NIGRA, new species.
Recurvaria nigra Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5605, 1903.
Antenne black, with indistinct narrow silvery annulations. Labial |
palpi with second joint black except at apex, which is silvery white; ‘
terminal joint white, with two broad black annulations; extreme tip—
white.
Face, head, and thorax black, with purplish reflections. Ground —
color of forewings silvery white, but so thickly overlaid with black
and dark fuscous scales as to appear black to the naked eye. Under
a lens is indistinctly seen six deep black spots of raised scales in two
rows, one above, the other below fold. At apical fourth is a very —
narrow, irregular, V-shaped, silvery white fascia, with the angle pointed
toward the tip of the wing, and farther out toward apex is a very indis-
tinct thin row of white scales, parallel with the costal edge and meet-_
ing a similar line parallel to the dorsal edge just before apex. Cilia _
dark gray. Hindwings nearly black, with metallic luster. Legs black, |
eerie, st pW
kee
with white annulations; tuft on posterior tibie silvery white.
Alar expanse.—11 mm.
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
Type.—No. 6356, U.S.N.M.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 815
The larva feeds presumably on [Hypericum fruticosa, at was not
observed. The moth was reared accidentally May 5, in a jar contain-
ing another Tineid under observation on the above plant.
TORYEAIN LSIVEAS Clenaens:
Plate X XIX, fig. 16.
Trypanisma CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1860, p. 168; N. A. Tineina, 1872,
p. 125.
With his usual care Dr. Clemens characterized this genus, so that
it can be readily and unquestionably recognized even with the type
lost. :
It. has the labial palpi moderate, second joint slightly thickened, with
rough scales beneath, terminal joint as long as second, rather thick,
but smooth and pointed. Forewings elongate, pointed; 12 veins, 7 and
8 out of 6,3 and 4 stalked; hindwings a little narrower than fore-
wings, apex produced, termen emarginate; 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate, 5
approximate to 4, 6, and 7 stalked.
It was interesting to discover a new species of this genus with iden-
tical habits and structure.
The two known species can be thus separated:
Blea acca yyilite pera ner nawe were Se NETS OMI s Sais MC abe a Tee te fagella, p. 816
eaieand tacesumused with fuscous 2.222.222.2122. lb Jetee ecole. prudens, p. 815
TRYPANISMA PRUDENS Clemens,
Trypanisma prudens CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1860, p. 168; Stainton Ed.
Tin. N. Am., 1872, p. 125.—CHAmprErs, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 188.—Ru ey,
erro
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5589, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5606, 1903.
Tripanisma prudens CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 166.
Gelechia quinqueannulella CuaAmBErs, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 191; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5464, 1891.
Clemens’s type is lost, but I had no difficulty in positively identify-
ing his species by rearing the characteristic larva, which feeds on the
upperside of oak leaves under a thin sheet of silk, with a safety exit
to the underside of the leaf, as Clemens described.
These bred moths, now in U. 8. National Museum, agree perfectly,
generically and specifically with Clemens’ description, and represent
without doubt the species.
They were carefully compared with and found identical with Cham-
bers’ type of Gelechia quinqueannulella in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology in Cambridge, which, furnished with Chambers’ label,
was found sufficiently well preserved to be easily recognizable, and
which agreed with his description.
Chambers’ notes on the early stages further verifies this synonymy.
Chambers wrote that he was not acquainted with Zrypanisma prudens.'
fabitat.—Pennsylvania, District of Columbia.
'Can. Ent., V, p. 188,
816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
TRYPANISMA FAGELLA, new species. |
Trypanisma fagella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5607, 1902. |
|
Antenne dark, fuscous, annulated with white. Labial palpi whitish,
with a black annulation at base of terminal joint and one just before’
the tip. Face and head white, thorax light gray.
Ground color of forewings yellowish white, but thickly suffused
with black and gray scales, so that the wings look light gray to the,
naked eye. At the middle of the cell is a circular group of dense |
black scales, followed by a patch of yellow, with only shght dark |
sprinkling. At beginning of costal cilia is a nearly black large out-
wardly directed streak, and on the dorsal side opposite a small corre-
sponding black patch. These black markings are edged broadly on)
the outside with unsprinkled yellow.
Hindwing and cilia light silvery gray. Abdomen silvery gray.
Legs on the outside barred with black and silvery yellow, on the inside:
silvery gray.
Alar expanse.—9 mm.
pes of Columbia.
. 6357, U.S.N.M.
The a 7a 1s ae to and feeds in the same manner as 7) prudens,,
but has as food plant beech. Like the oak feeder, it pupates in a)
slight web on the underside of the leaf, which is drawn into a shallow
fold.
The moth is generically identical with the type of the genus and)
resembles it in size and general appearance, but it is a much lighter
species.
BPP HG ils Meyirrek.
Plate XXX, fig. 17.
Ypithectis Meyrick, Handbook Brit. Lepidoptera, 1895, p. 580.
Taygete CuamBers (not Taygetis Hiibner), Can. Entomologist, V, 1878, p. 231.
Parasia CLEMENS (not Duponchel), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phil., 1860, p. 173.
Meyrick’s definition of this genus is as follows:
Second joint of labial palpi thickened with rough scales beneath, terminal nearly)
as long as second, somewhat roughened anteriorly. Forewings elongate, pointed,|
7 and 8 out of 6. Hindwings I, trapezoidal, apex pointed, termen somewhat sinuate,
cilia I; 3 and 4 connate, 5 somewhat approximate, 6 and 7 stalked.
A series of attributella Walker (difficilisella Chambers), type of
Chambers’ genus Zaygete was submitted to Dr. Meyrick, who unhesi-
tatingly pronounced his genus “pithect’s a synonym of Chambers’s
genus. .
will ea en the genus eee e tnoluded’s in the American fae
I have not pean examined any European species of the genus,
ste 2 =
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 817
but that i is s super fluous: after such: ant authoritative determination. Some
of the American species have a tendency for veins 3 and 4 in hindwing
to become short-stalked instead of connate and have the discal vein
nearly obsolete. Some of the species present a character, which is
noteworthy and which I do not know whether it is found in the
European forms—at least, it is not noted by Mr. Meyrick in his gen-
eric synopsis—namely, the long-stalked veins 6 and 7 in the hindwing,
which both go to the costal edge, not, as might be expected, inclosing
the apex.
Tam acquainted with the following species, which may be separated
thu:
Horewings with black dash at tornus 2-..2-.---22.-!..:222.=¢ 4 subsimella, p. 819
Seee OM On VEL LOUG SUC. Casita. os goc ose Sa ee ae eS Sa wo See 1
eeetimtiire wing overlaid with dark scales -.. 22 -22522..222.-.-225-2-2- 2 essen eee 2
Paneacntawith Gable Spits s22 22is2. ts ceta cease Meta soe oe Sue ee Sees 3
2. Horewings with transverse markings. ......-----.----------- gallagenitella, p. 819
Herein swith Out suche see. -Aeo wee eRe eS AS a es syloicolella, p. 818
PG ROUNCICOLOT WabItIShy eToys 5) - ae ew Se at 2S attributella, p. 817
ReROUIRCOLOKRy el LO NGS i texcr: etm ee eee seh eee er L eterna, ok Peeve weet a ee hc fle 4
Pee Dicalapare of torewines light-2. s29 5. 22-32 sat ee aes bicostomaculella, p. 817
Brnenispart Of dOrewings Gark ost: = ..' ssa. G esc ene Seca occ ins! swundersella, p. 819
EPITHECTIS ATTRIBUTELLA Walker.
Gelechia attributella WALKER, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 593.—Wat-
SINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Phila., X, 1882, p. 182.—RiuEy, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5315, 1891.
Evagora difficilisella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 69.
Gelechia difficilisella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, p. 192; V, 1873, pp. 187-188;
Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.
Taygete difficilisella CuamMBERs, Can. Ent., V, 1875, p. 231; VII, 1875, pp. 105,
106; Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 289; Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 19.
Epithectis attributella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5608, 1903.
Two of Chambers’s types of Gelechia difficilisella (type no. 444)
and specimens thus determined by Lord Walsingham are in the U.S.
National Museum. They agree well with Chambers’ description and
were found identical with Chambers’ types in the museum in Cambridge.
Lord Walsingham established the synonymy with Walker’s species.
It is a very common species, collected by the writer in numbers on
trunks of trees in Washington, District of Columbia.
Other specimens in the U. 8. National Museum bear the following
locality labels: Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York; the
types came from Kentucky.
EPITHECTIS BICOSTOMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia bicostomaculella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survy., ILI, 1877, p. 127;
IV, 1878, p. 141.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., Na: 5322, 1891.
ipillicctis Oi contonvacutella Buse k, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5609, 1903,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02
52
818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Not Gelechia bicostomaculella Dirrz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 474;
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5755, 1903.
Chambers had named another species Depressaria bicostomaculella'
before describing this species, but changed that name later to guerct
foliella,” when he discovered its food plant. This change was, of
course, inadmissible, and the name d/costomaculella must be retained
for that species, which is a true Gelechia, common in the Eastern States —
(p. 879). This, however, need not now interfere with the name of the-
present Colorado species, when it is transferred to Lp/thectis, to which
genus it was found to belong on examination of the type in the Museum —
of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.
It is a very distinctly recognized species, of which, besides the type,
I have seen only few aes in Dr. Dietz’s collection from Colorado
like the type, and in U. S. National Museum from Arizona, collected
by Messrs. E. A. Ssionine ae H. S. Barber.
EPITHECTIS SYLVICOLELLA, new species.
Epithectis sylvicolella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5610, 1903.
Antenne dark fuscous, very indistinctly lighter annulated.
Labial palpi dark brown, second joint with apex and a narrow annu--
lation below apex white; terminal joint with tip and two annulations—
white. :
Face and head whitish, flecked with light brown.
Forewings, ground color white, ick overlaid with dark fuscous.
Three costal spots dark brown, nearly black, one at base, one just)
before the costal cilia, and one midway between these.
At the beginning of costal cilia is a whitish spot less overlaid withl
fuscous fae the rest of the wing, and opposite on the dorsal margin—
is a similar but smaller spot. At basal third of dorsal margin is au
short, transverse, oblique dark streak reaching the fold, on which it
widens out to a small dark spot, sometimes more pees than the
streak and edged exteriorly with a few white scales.
On the middle of the disk is a blackish oblong dot edged with white,
and at the end of the disk is a similar rather more prominent dot._
Between and immediately below these dots is an oblong, longitudinal,
dark-brown streak. At base of cilia, around costal, apical, and dorsal
edge, is a row of equidistant dark-brown spots. Cilia yellowish fus-
cous. Hindwing light gray, with bluish reflections. Cilia yellows
Legs yellowish, tarsi annulated with black.
Alar « eee: se.—15 mm.
Type.—No. 6358, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New York.
The types of this species were found in Fitch’s collection, 1 now in
oy
1Can. Ent., IV, p. 127. agian IV, p. 202.
GBiaie di chant i ig
No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 819
the National Museum, and were labeled in his handwriting Anucampsis
sylvicolella; hence the name.
EPITHECTIS SUBSIMELLA Clemens.
Parasia? subsimella CumMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 173; Stain-
ton Ed: N. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 137.
Parasia subsimella CuamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 160.—RILey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5588, 1891.
Epithectis subsimella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5611, 1903.
Clemens’ type is lost, but his generic characterization of this species
shows that it must belong to the present genus.
A specimen in the U. 5. National Museum, labeled by Lord Wal-
singham Gelechia consinusella Chambers, and which has a striking
external similarity to that species, Aproerema consinusella, p. 844, but
which on examination was found to be an Lp/thect/s, I have with but
slight hesitation determined as the present species, with the description
of which it agrees in all particulars.
EPITHECTIS SAUNDERSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia saundersella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 173; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rtery, Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5476, 1891.
Epithectis scundersella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5612, 1903.
A specimen with Chambers’ label on the pin is in the U.S. National
Museum, which I have compared and found identical with Chambers’
types in Cambridge Museum. It is a very small, conspicuously spot-
: gs l York
ted species, easilysrecogenized from the description. I have seen no
’ y 5
other specimen, and I refer it with some hesitancy to the present
genus, not being able to ascertain the venation with absolute certainty.
fHabitat.—Kentucky.
EPITHECTIS GALLAGENITELLA Clemens.
Gelechia gallegenitella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1864, p. 420; Proe.
Ent. Soc. Phila., III, 1865, p. 506; Stainton Ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872, pp.
242, 259.—CHamBeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Rixzy,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5376, 1891:—Drerz, Smith’s Ins. N. Jersey,
1900, p. 474.
Gelechia geminella Ritny, Can. Ent., III, 1871, p. 195.—CHampers, Bull. U. 8.
Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Ritery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5379,
1891.
Epithectis gallegenitella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5613, 1903.
Not gemmella Linnzeus.
The type of this species is lost, but I have no doubt it is the same
species that Riley thought was the European Stenolechia gemmella
Linneus. Both were bred from Cynipid galls on oak, and Clemens’
description exactly fits Riley’s specimen now in U.S. National Museum.
There are also other specimens, bred by Miss Murtfeldt and by the
writer from the same kind of galls.
- Habitat.—linois, Missouri, District of Columbia.
820) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. —
Plate XXX, fig. 18.
q
PARALECHIA, new genus. |
;
Labial palpi moderate, curved, ascending; second joint somewhat
thickened beneath with rough scales; terminal joint shorter than_
second, pointed. Forewings elongate, ovate; apex bluntly pointed,
dorsal edge slightly sinuate at vein 2; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked to
costa, 6 separate; 3, 4, and 5 long approximate from end of cell, 2 dis-
tant shorter. |
Hindwings narrower than forewings, elongate trapezoidal, termen_
slightly sinuate below apex; 8 veins, 6 and 7 parallel, 5 approximate
to 4, 3 and 4 connate or short stalked.
Forewings with raised scales.
Only the following two species are at present known:
Antenne simple, rather thick, three-fourths as long as forewing. |
Korewines:whiteandsblack =a. 2 sa ee ee ne eee cristifasciella, p. 820 |
HOre wines: DEOWM 222 soot 5 Se a Se ee ce eerie pinifoliella, p. 820—
PARALECHIA PINIFOLIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia pinifoliella CHAMBERS, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, p. 181.—_
Comstock, Rep. U. 8S. Ent. Comm., V, 1890, p. 793, fig. 269.—Ritey, Smith’s —
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5448.
Aristotelia pinifoliella Dirrz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 475.
Paralechia pinifoliella Buscx, Dyar’s List. Amer. Lep., No. 5614, 1903.
Chambers type (No. 458) and a large bred series of this common
moth are in the U. S. National Museum.
Habitat.— oss 5.352225 oe Seas oe ae eens 9
6. Ground color of forewing, light ochreous -.....-....--.---- pallidochrella, p. 828
Ground color; not OChreOUS = 222 =n sacs Bois ee ee ee ee ee 7
7. Forewings with dark streak on fold .....-..-.....-.-.----- galleasteriella, p. 825
¥orewings without such streaks: > oo. ioecs te. bs cee ee 8
8. Costal half of forewings, nearly unicolorous ...-....-.-.--.--2 albimarginella, p. 827
Costal half of forewings, not unicolorous....----..--------semicyclionella, p. 828
9. Base of forewings, clear yellowish brown ...--.--.---------- coquillettella, p. 826
Base of forewing, not yellowish brown ....--..---------- gallesolidaginis, p. 824
10. Forwings with large scale tufts on dorsal half-.......--------.---- dudiella, p. 828
Forewings* without scale tuitst2s25 2542. <-> 2h ee eo ee ee eee il
11sForewings:with ocellatespotsas.:5- 2. tte a ee eee 12
Forewings without ocellateispots= sash 222m mas ee eee 14
12. Forewings with transverse fascia near base......----------- ociomaculella, p. 830
Forewings without such ‘iastia. 7 72 222-32. se ee ee ee 13
13. Forewings with longitudinal ochreous streaks -......--.---- ochreostrigella, p. 831
HOR] wall Siew uit uc lakes Gna eee triocellella, p. 830
14. Forewings with two oblique black lines crossing at basal third. -lavernella, p. 833
Ore wANes -wiltla@trbs sure bo Mia OS se ee ae ee 15
15. Forewing with longitudinal streaks -...2.-s¢-225-22 52042255 16
Forewing without longitudinal streaks 35.2225 i) ee oe ee ee 17
16. Streaks light yellow; two large black spots on disk .......-.--- collinusella, p. 831
Streaks red: noslarce discal spots] 2 -cc2 ease see eee saphirinella, p. 832
17. Ground ‘color wihitish.. 262.5525 see 220 se5 ee ee ee 18
GTOUMELCOLOT: p10 ti wea TEAS ta eee ae ee re re 19
18. Forewings uniformly dotted with dark scales......--------- tetradymiella, p. 834
Forwings not uniformly dotted with dark scales...........----- batanella, p. 833
LO) Korwings mearly.tinicolorous S22 .eosse - 22st ee ee eee 20
Forewing strongly, mottledivesec 26. FA ete ee ee banksiella, p. 832
20; ME Ore Wines. nO Wile 2 oe oe eee ees ee oe eee! pedmontella, p. 829
Forewings, fuseois:.. © 222220 99s weds he PSE ae oe Se SRL ace
GNORIMOSCHEMA GALLCESOLIDAGINIS Riley.
Gelechia gallesolidaginis Ritey, Mo. Rep. Nat. Inst., I, 1869, p. 173; II, 1870, pp.
20, 132, 134; Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5377, 1891.—CHaAmpBerrs, Can.
Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 19; IX, 1877, p. 14; Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875,
p. 289; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, pp. 1, 28, 141; IV, 1878, pp. 115,
143.—Kewuicorr, Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 201.—Dterz, Smith’s List Inst. N.
Jersey, 1900, p. 474.
Gnorimoschema gallesolidaginis Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p.
227; Dyayr’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5620, 1903.
Riley’s type is still in perfect condition in the U.S. Nationai
Museum under type no. 452.
The species is recorded from Missouri (Riley), Colorado (Cham-
bers), Michigan and New York (Kellicott), New Jersey (Beutenmiiller),
and has been reared repeatedly in large series by the writer in the
District of Columbia and surrounding country.
ro ee
2 a 2OwE .<
dies Fad. . <2. Jos ble See eee oF ?, barberella, p. 836
bs ‘Insect Life, I, pp. 83, 84.
836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXYV.
NEODACTYLOTA SNELLENELLA Walsingham.
Dactylota snellenella W ALSINGHAM, Ins. Life, I, 1888, p. 88.—RiLey, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5210, 1891.
Didactylota snellenella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 522; 1897, p.
523.—Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 228, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Neodactylota snellenella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5643, 1903.
One male cotype received from Lord Walsingham is in the National
Museum, from which Plate XXX, fig. 21 is drawn.
In a letter of October, 1900, Lord Walsingham has kindly criticised
my delineation of this species,’ calling niy attention to the faint traces
of veins and 5, which are still more noticeable in the following species
[Plate XXX, fig. 23], and later he sent me the sketch of the female
hindwing, which is reproduced in Plate XXX, fig. 22.
I have met with no other specimen of this species, which was described
from Arizona.
NEODACTYLOTA BARBERELLA, new species.
Neodactylota barberella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5644, 1903.
Antenne four-fifths as long as forewings, dark purple, nearly black,
with a white longitudinal scale on each joint, forming an interrupted
silvery white line from base to tip. Labial palpi long, slender,
recurved; second joint thickened somewhat with smooth appressed
scales, purplish black, motled with silvery white scales; terminal joint
long, thin, acutely pointed, black, sprinkled with sparse white scales.
Tongue robust, covered with scant silvery scales.
Face, head, and thorax dark purplish brown. Forewings narrow,
pointed; basal two-thirds dark purplish brown overlaid with evenly
mixed black, red, and whitish scales. At apical third is a transverse,
somewhat irregular and not very clearly defined narrow white fascia,
outside of which the wing is lighter reddish brown, with strong pur-
plish reflexions. Just outside the fascia on the costal edge is a small
longitudinal shining salmon red dash; cilia dark purplish gray, with
sparse black scales intermixed at base.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, bilobed, termen deeply excised
beneath apex, which forms the upper long narrow-pointed lobe; the
lower lobe is much shorter, broad, rounded, and blunt. Color, dark
shining purplish gray; cilia lighter gray.
Abdomen, above, dark purplish brown; below, sprinkled with white
scales.
Legs purplish, much sprinkled with white scales; tarsi purplish
black, with each joint tipped with white.
Alar expanse.—\4 mm.
Flabitat.— Williams, Arizona.
‘Proc. Ua S: Nat. Muss, XO Gir pleas tee
xo.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK., 837
Type.—No. 6367, U.S.N.M.
Collected May 27, 1901, by Mr. Herbert S. Barber, after whom this
interesting and beautiful species is named.
DEOCLONA, new genus.
(Type, Deoclona ynecasella Buseck. )
Antenne four-fifths as long as forewing simple; labial palpi with
second joint long, curved, cylindrical thickened with even, smoothly
appressed scales, abruptly cut off at apex; terminal joint very short,
less than one-fourth of second, tapering pointed. Head and thorax
smooth. Forewing elongate, fully four times as long as wide, costal
and dorsal edges parallel, apex rounded blunt; 12 veins, 7and 8 stalked
to costa, rest separate; 1’ shortly furcate at base. Hindwings as
broad as forewings, elongate trapezoidal, costa nearly straight, slightly
depressed from basal third, termen straight; apex blunt; 7 veins, 5
absent, discal vein, except a remnant of the lower end, obsolete, 3 and
4 long stalked, 6 and 7 stalked. Males and females are alike. Only
the following species is at present recognized.
DEOCLONA YUCCASELLA, new species.
Deoclona yuccasella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5645, 1903.
Antenne light yellow, with narrow brown annulations. Labial palpi
light vellow. Face, head, and thorax light reddish yellow, a shade
darker than the forewings, which are also unicolorous light reddish
yellow, without any markings. In some specimens the forewings are
slightly darker and more reddish toward apex than on basal half.
Cilia yellowish white. Hindwings pale silvery yellow; cilia yellowish
white. Abdomen yellow; legs pale yellow, without darker annula-
tions; tarsi and tuft on posterior tibial whitish.
Alar expanse.—16.2 to 20 mm.
Habitat.—California.
Food plant.— Yucca whipplei.
Type.—No. 6368, U.S. N. M.
Described from six specimens bred by Mr. Koebele. The following
is his note on the larva:
The larva lives in the dry seed pods, pupating in holes eaten therein, and moth
issues therefrom in May. The seed pods were collected on the foothills, 16 miles east
of Los Angeles, California.
PROSTOMEUS, new genus:
Type, Prostomeus brunneus Buseck.
Plate XX XI, Fig. 25.
Antenne $, simple. Labial palpi long curved, strongly laterally
compressed, sharp edged; second joint thickened above and below
with appressed scales, abruptly cut off at apex, sharp edged in front;
8388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
terminal joint fully as long as second joint, strongly laterally com-
pressed, sharp edged in front and behind, thickened with smoothly
appressed scales, which terminate abruptly just before apex, leaving
the acute tip projecting. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Tongue robust,
spiraled, scaled at base. Forewings elongate, about four times longer
than broad; costal and dorsal edge parallel; apex obtusely pointed;
ail at St lt
12 veins, 7 and 9 stalked to costa, rest separate. Hindwings broader —
than forewings. Costa nearly straight, parallel with dorsal edge;
apex obtuse, termen hardly sinuated, tornus and dorsal angle rounded;
8 veins, Gand 7 stalked, 5 approximate to 4,3 and 4 connate, 2 distant.
Allied to and resembling Glyphidocera Walsingham, but with simple
antenn and 12 veins in forewing, and easily recognized by the pecu- |
liar blade-like labial palpi.
Besides the species here described there is in the U.S. National
Museum a single specimen of another species belonging to this genus,
but not sufficiently well preserved to describe.
PROSTOMEUS BRUNNEUS, new species.
Prostomeus brunneus BuscKx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5646, 1903.
Antenne dark reddish brown, annulated with white. Labial palpi
light brown, mottled with dark-brown and black scales; terminal joint
with base, an annulus round the middle and apical third black. Head
and thorax dark brown. Forewing light straw colored, overlaid with
reddish brown; base dark purplish brown; along middle of costa from
basal fourth to apical third a dark purplish brown oblong narrow patch.
On the dorsal edge a larger similar patch, projecting up in the light
middle part of the wing a boot-shaped figure, with the toe on the cen-
ter of the cell, and the heel midway between this and a unicolorous
circular spot at the end of the cell.
The region at tornus is dark-brown, and the apical veins are shghtly
indicated by darker brown streaks. Around apex at base of the cilia
is a row of dark, purplish-brown dots. Cilia brown.
Hindwings dark steel gray, hghter toward the base; cilia a shade
lighter.
Abdomen dark purplish fuscous above; entire body light reddish
yellow below. Legs hght brown, annulated with black; tarsi black,
with tip of each joint white.
There is some variation in the shade of the brown color in the dif-
ferent specimens, some being more reddish, others more yellowish,
but the form of the markings seems constant.
Alar expanse.—15 to 15.5 mm,
Habitat.—F lorida.
Type.—No. 6369, U.S.N.M.
Described from several specimens received from Wm. Beutenmiiller.
ee
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 839
POLYHYMNO Chambers.
Plate XX XI, fig: 26.
Polyhymno Crampers, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 246.
This genus, of which Polyhymno luteostrigdla Chambers is the
type, has the following characters: Labial palpi recurved, very long,
slender, second joint slightly thickened with smoothly appressed scales,
terminal joint as long or longer than second, pointed. Forewings
narrow, elongate, caudate, the costal and dorsal edge both shghtly
excised before the tip, which is produced and hooked a little down-
ward, 12 veins, Tand 8 very long-stalked; or 11 veins, Tand 8 coincident.
Hindwings nearly as broad as forewings, elongate, apex produced, ter-
men sinuate; 8 veins, 3 and 4 shortstalked, 5 approximate to 4, 6 and
7 lonestalked; transverse vein nearly obsolete.
This characteristic genus has been recorded by Lord Walsingham
from the West Indies and from Africa; in America it is a southern
genus attached to leguminous food plants.
Only three species have been described from this continent; these
may be separated as follows:
Forewings with longitudinal spindle formed white streak, vein 8 present- . --- ol
Forewings without such streak, vein 8 absent ...........----: 3. seastrigella, p. 840
ieiorewings with dorsaledge white ~.-....2..22 022722222222 25 luteostrigella, p. 839
HoOLewinasnwltmdorsalbedmer danke yam i. see as Sen aren eens acaciella, p. 839
POLYHYMNO LUTEOSTRIGELLA Chambers.
Polyhymno luteostrigella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 247; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 161; Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880) p. 203, fig.
26.—BEvuTENMULLER, Am. Ent., V, 1889, p. 37.—WatsIncHam, Trans. Ent.
Soc. Lond., 1891, pl. vi, fig. 78; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 77.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5586, 1891.—Busck, Jour. N. Y.
Ent. Soe., VIII, 1900, p. 236; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5647, 1903.
Polyhymno fuscostrigela CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 30.
Of this easily recognized and elegant species the U.S. National
Museum possesses two specimens labeled by Lord Walsingham and a
good series bred by the writer in the District of Columbia. In. locali-
ties where the food plant is found this species comes readily to light.
food plant.— Cassia chamechrista.
Habitat.—Texas, Florida, District of Columbia.
POLYHYMNO ACACIELLA Busck.
Polyhymno acaciella Buscx, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900, p. 235, pl. rx,
fig. 1; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5648, 1903.
( This isa larger and darker species than the type of the genus, which
it otherwise much resembles.
food plant.— Acacia furnesiana.
Habitat.—Texas.
- Lype.—No. 5353, U.S.N.M.
840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
POLYHYMNO SEXSTRIGELLA Chambers.
Polyhymno sexstrigeila CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 248; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 161.—Rixery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5587, 1891.—
Buscx, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1900, p. 236; Dvar’s List Amer. Lep., }
No. 5649, 1903.
One specimen in the U.S. National Museum named by Lord Wal-
singham I have compared and found identical with Chambers’ type
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.
The venation of this species differs from that of the type of the
genus only in the forewing, where vein 8 is absent, coincident with 7,
which is very nearly the case in the other species also, where the stem
of the fork of 7 and 8 is very long and the branches short.
The other differences in venation mentioned by Chambers are not
borne out by the specimens, and the identical wing form and other
characters place the species naturally in the same genus.
Habitat.—Texas.
APROAZREMA Durrant.
Plate XXX, fie> 27:
Aproaerenia Durrant, Ent. Mo. Mag., XX XIII, 1897, p- 22ie
Labial palpi very long, curved, second joint smooth, terminal joint
longer than second, pointed. Forewings narrow, elongate pointed; 12
veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 6 sometimes out of 7 near base. Hindwings
narrower than forewings, elongate trapezoidal, apex produced, pointed,
term nemarginate; 8 veins, 6 and 7 stalked, 3 and 4 connate, 5 approx-
imate to 4.
Lord Walsingham pointed out! that the name Anacampsis hitherto
had been applied erroneously to this genus instead of to the genus
known as Zachypt//ia Heinemann, containing the type of Anacampsis,
Tinea populeala Clerck, as specified by Curtis.” Mr. Durrant therefore
proposed the name Aproaerema for the genus thus left nameless, the
type of which is aathyliidella Hiibner.
The genus is developed from Anacampsis, Curtis (Zachyptilia Heine-
mann), with a section of which it has great similarity in coloration,
but it is easily distinguished by the sinuate hindwings.
All the species feed on leguminous plants.
I have recognized the following American species which may be
separated by the table:
Boréwings black or mearly:soiss so ee ee 1
Horewingstliohter2 22 Sash Ss sess eke ee ee ee ee 4
l. sLabial:palpi with longitudinal white lines.2c-4 os See eee 2
Babialspalp: without such! lines). occ sese ee cece eee eee
‘Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1897, p. 79.
= Br. Ent. 1827, 0 xpls, placixxexrus
3
Bt A le eh tO ha
ea a a etl
ih aati se abe a i
_ no.1304. REVISION OF A MERIC 'AN GELECHIID MOTHS— BUSCK. (841
2. Forewings ied on bluish-w Be erate per PN et i cries via. p. 841
Forewings without such light scales. ..............----.----- palpiliniella, p. 841
3. With curved white fascia on middle of forewings ...-----.---- kearfottella, p. 842
| LEE GEG GARG 6h TE RSTGyE ees Dis ae eae foe Sere eae gn ee oe ae nigrella, p. 842
aeorewings ocherous: white +--2_. 22222422. 22s. 222-08. LL -- nigratomella, p. 843
Bere mneamUSCOUS jos Sate Sasi laees car eetiesae see fees concinusella, p. 844
APROAZEREMA CROTOLARIELLA Busck.
Aproaerema crotolariella BuscK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 226, pl. 1,
tig. 2; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5695, 1908.—Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash-
ington, IV, p. 471, 1901.
This species is very near the following, palp7iliniella Chambers, and
has even the same coloration of the palpi as that species, but it is
somewhat larger and may be readily recognized by the sprinkling of
bluish-white scales on the forewings.
food plant.— Crotolaria pumila.
TTabitat. ee Beach, Florida.
Type.—No. 4933, U.S.N.M.
APROAEREMA PALPILINEELLA Chambers.
Gelechia palpilineella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 252; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 88, 145.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5442, 1891.
Aproxrema palpilineella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5696, 1903.
The supposed types (3) of this species in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge are in poor condition, and represent at least two
species in different genera, namely, the present and what I take to be
Aristotelia minimella Chambers (p. 802). But the characteristic colora-
tion of the labial palpi, mentioned by Chambers, which this species
has in common with the preceding, shows that the name palpilincella
should be applied to the present species.
It has been bred in the insectary of the U.S. Department of Agri-
culture from red clover, on which it folds the leaves.
These bred specimens! were examined by Chambers in 1879, and in
the Department notebook is Chambers’ note on the specimens, in which
he says:
Without specimens to compare it with Iam unable to determine this species, but it
is one of the group of small dark brown moths of the genus Gelechia, closely allied
to nigrella, palpiannulella,? and palpilinella, Chambers; possibly it may be one of
these, if indeed these species are distinct, which may admit of doubt.*
' quote this note as one striking, but by no means unique, example
of the difficulties which attend the determination of many of Cham-
bers’s species. With a practically valueless specific description, with
absolutely no generic pomeines not even family) characters given,
=
1 Aor. Dept., No. 185.
* Aristotelia absconditella Walker, see p. 801.
* Italicized by the writer.
849 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXv.
senting two genera, the present worker can readily join in Chambers’
own admission that there may indeed be doubt about the species.
The only way out of the difficulty is to select arbitrarily one species —
as Chambers’ intended species, taking care that it does not disagree
with his remarks, and that it is at least reasonable that it may repre-
sent his species.
Palpilineella is very commonly taken at light and is easily con-
founded with the equally common and similar Ar/stotelia minimella or
with the following species. In U.S. National Museum are specimens
from District of Columbia (Busck) and from New Jersey (Beutenmiil-
ler and Kearfott).
APROAZEREMA NIGRELLA Chambers.
Gelechia nigrella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I], pp. 250, 252; Bull. U.S.
Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Rtxey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5417,
1891.
Aproxrema nigrella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5697, 1903.
Of this species there is one *‘type” received from Chambers in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, but it is in miserable condition
(only one pair of wings) and does not agree with Chambers’s descrip-
tion, having a narrow but very distinct white fascia at apical third.
However, there is undoubtedly some variation in this point in these
species, and I see no good reason not to regard it as truly representing
the species, which is a somewhat larger form than the foregoing and —
without the palpal ornamentation common to the two preceding
species.
APROAZREMA KEARFOTTELLA, new species.
Aproxrema kearfottella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5698, 1903.
Antenne black with narrow silvery white annulations. Labial
palpi silvery white, terminal joint darker toward the tip, sprinkled
with fuscous. Eyes red as in the agr/moniella group of the genus
Anacampsis. Face silvery white, head and thorax iridescent dark
bluish slate colored. Forewings purplish black, a conspicuous narrow —
curved white fascia on the middle of the wing, with the centrum for
the curve at the base of the wing; no other markings on the wing
proper. Cilia purplish black, with the tips of the middle part on the
dorsal edge silvery white. Underside dark fuscous, with the white
fascia plainly seen. Hindwings dark purplish fuscous, nearly black,
especially toward the tip. Abdomen above deep bluish black, below |
silvery fuscous. All legs silvery white except the femora, which are |
purplish black; tarsi dusky.
Alur expanse. 12.5 mm.
2s
i a ERE Os tht
yo0.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCOK. 5843
Habitat.—New Jersey.
Type.—No. 6370, U.S.N.M.
Cotype in collection of Mr. William D. Kearfott, to whom the
National Museum is indebted for the type of this striking species.
It is in size and coloration nearest and very close to the agr/mon/ella
eroup of the following genus, Anacamps/s, and it is only referable to
the present genus on account of the sinuate hindwings.
APROAEREMA NIGRATOMELLA Clemens.
Gelechia nigratomella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I], 1868, pp. 11, 121;
III, 1864, p. 507; Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 217, 224, 260.—CHan-
BERS, Bull. U. S. Geol Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5416, 1891.
Gelechia apicilinella CLEMENS, Proce. Ent. Soc. Phila., IT, 1863, p. 120; Stainton
Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 223, 224.
Gelechia apicineella CHAMBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rttey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5312, 1891.
Parasia apicistrigella CHAmBErs, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, p. 66.
6
Gelechia apicistrigella CuHamBrrs, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 175; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.
Anacampsis apicistrigella Dinrz, Smith’s List Insects New Jersey, 1900, p. 475.
Aproxrema nigratomella Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5699, 1903.
One of the few of Clemens’ types, which is still in existence in the
Academy of Natural Sciences, is the type of the present species, which
was found in good condition in May, 1900, during my visit there; it
bears Clemens’s No. 63 on the label, corresponding to a list in his hand-
writing with n/gratomella var. for this specimen.
Clemens described two varieties of this species, one with shining
white forewings, the other with ochreous white wings with costal
edge at base pure white; there is some slight variation in the speci-
mens I have seen, but all have at least an ochreous tint.
Chambers’s type of apicistrigella in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge is identical with Clemens’ species, as the
descriptions would indicate.
Riley made this latter a synonym of Gelechia apicilinela Clemens;
the descriptions do not seem to support this synonomy and I doubt its
correctness, but as Clemens’ type is lost it must stand for the present
on Riley’s authority.
This species is very close to the following, conc/nusella Chambers,
having the identical ornamentation, but easily distinguished by the
light groundeolor, while conc/nusel/a has the groundeolor of the fore-
wine dark. Chambers says in his description of cone/nusellas'
It may prove to be identical with Gelechia apicistrigella Chambers, but I think not.
Lord Walsingham evidently was in doubt whether the two were
merely varieties of the same species or distinct species, as is proved
or
'U. 8. Geological Survey Bull., [11], p. 127.
844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV._
by two specimens in the U. 5S. National Museum which are labeled
in his handwriting, re epee aly , °° Concinusella Cham ? = apicistri-
gella, dark variety,” and ‘‘apicistrigela Cham ? = Concinusella, light
variety,” but inasmuch as there seems to be no gradual transition
between the two different forms, they must be regarded as distinct
species, as I feel certain they are, until disproven by the breeding of
both forms from the same kind of larva
I have examined very many specimens of this common form, among —
which specimens named by Lord Walsingham in Professor Fernald’s
collection and bearing his blue labels no. 115, 1094, 1116, and 1033 —
corresponding with the identification in his notebook as apicistrigella.—
Habitat.—Kastern United States, Kentucky, Colorado.
APROAZREMA CONCINUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia concinusela CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Se., I, 1875, p. 253; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.—Riey, Smith’s Tat een Bor. Am., No.
5340, 1891.
Gelechia concinnisella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., II, 1877, p. 127.
Aproxrema concinusella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5700, 1903.
Type No. 448, in the U. S. National Museum, received from Cham-_
bers, as this species agrees well with description and is identical with :
his types in the Cambridge Museum.
This species has a notable color resemblance to Apithectis (Parasia A‘
subsimella Clemens.
[Tabitat.—TVexas, Colorado.
ANACAMPSIS Curtis.
Plate XX XI, fig. 28.
Type, Tinea, i. e. Tinea pox ulella Clerck.
Anacampsis Curtis, Brit. Ent., 1827, expl. pl. chx xxix.
Tachyptilia HetneMann (Meyrick, Staudinger and Rebel), Schmetterlinge
Deutschlands u. d. Schweiz, II, 1870, p. 321.
Labial palpi very long curved, second joint thickened with smoothly
appressed scales, sometimes roughened above in the middle; terminal
joint longer than second, slender pointed. Abdomen somewhat flat-_
tened. Forewings elongate, apex blunt, termen very oblique; 12?
veins, 7 and 8 stalked, rest separate. Hindwings as broad or broader’
than forewings, trapezoidal termen not sinuate, 8 veins, 3 and 4 con-
nate, 5 parallel, 6 and 7 connate.
I have recognized the following American species as belonging to
this genus:
Basal half of forewings without any markings ......-.....-.--.------------ 1
Basal half of forewings:more or less mottled > 222 3222-2 2 eee 8
i Forewings without white markanes= jes ee eee 2 ee ee ee 2
Horewings with whitewmarkingsy Ss sss oe es ee eee ee ee ee 3
2. Coloriochreous:.\22. 25 2 oh ee ee ee fullonella, p. 849.
Color black. ..22: .-'s 2D esse eee lupinella part, p. so
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 845
pememianied with:transverse fascia 2:22... - 22.62 ello. lee 2 ke oli eels nse 4
Fotewies without transverse fascia:......... £22... 2-222. eee eee ee 6
4. Forewings with three apical longitudinal white dashes -_._.... lristrigella, p. 851
Ram mainges without such dashes 225242215. 2heo fie 2252 ko kel Aree. Se. 5
5. Color markedly darker outside the fascia ......_...........- agrimoniella, p. 850
Color dark on both sides of the fascia............---- .--lupinella, part., p. 850
Paeorewines with) one costal white streak 22.2.2... 222. -.0 2k ee 7
Forewings with two costal white streaks...................... levipedella, p. 851
feeolorlight ochreous brown: .- 2:40. ..l.2c2cee22 eles lek paltodoriella, p. 848
: Merolortolae@ka son 02 ts ee aE ee Cia Slats. aoe See lupinella, part., p. 850
S- With large semicircular dark dorsal spot............-.-.-------- cyclella, p. 848
WatthhoOlt Suche spot... 22...) ah-2 ssc Pita OA A ai as OF GB ee i a ae ea 9
BV thedank costal spot.. 205... eis eee eee lagunculariella, p. 848
Sabrent aue Mes yO rs is a ne eee ren Slee Se AE ONT hd ie non 10
Pemuinheracew whitish =. 2 .jo.. 54 2s ck eee Ae argyrothamniella, p. 847
: Ee MUM LUM = Uae Sac ten Phe ek Ce CER okt eres R NAMES Nan ail Sa 11
See vithe sharp white markings\- > 2.22022: Alc. ieee niveopulvella, p. 847
Re eI ENIAC GIN Lt ees ene eT eee oS NS aes Ail uae we 12
Bememoundcolor ash-oray- = 222.8. Oe: crescentifasciella, p. 846
PetnimateO LoreOrawiisite: meen) S00) SO ih Me Sie ee eee ee 13
Peeearexpanse more than: 20 mm, 2-2 2.2000 222222 lt innocuella, p. 845
milarsexpanse lessithan 20mm = 2282.2 es Fe lee rhoifructella, p. 845
ANACAMPSIS INNOCUELLA Zeller.
Gelechia (Tachyptilia) innocuella Zevier, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 249.
Gelechia innocuella CuoamBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.— Rey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5389, 1891.
Anacampsis innocuella Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5701, 1903.
This species and still more the following are, as Zeller remarked,
very similar to the European Anacamps/s populella Clerck, but both
have the wings more blunt.
I have examined the types of the present species in Cambridge.
In the National Museum is a series, identical with the types, bred
from leaves of cottonwood received from Wyoming; also a large series
bred from cottonwood in Colorado by Dr. Dyar.
The larva rolls the leaves in the same fashion as does the European
populella.
Zeller’s types are from Texas.
ANACAMPSIS RHOIFRUCTELLA Clemens.
Gelechia rhoifructella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Hist. Phila., 1860, p. 163; Proe.
Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 121; Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 40,
114, 225.
Gelechia rhoifructella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., III, 1872, p. 68; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Zetier, Verh. k. k. zool-bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 252.—CoauiLuert, Papilio, 111, 1883, p. 99.—Ritey, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5466, 1891.
Tachyptilia rhoifructella Digrz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, p. 474, 1900.
Gelechia (Tachyptilia) consonella Zevier, Verh. k. k. zool-bot. Gesell. Wien.,
XXIII, 1873, p. 251.—Watsincuam, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., X,
1882, p. 183.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. §
Gelechia consonella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.—Ru.ey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5338.
Gelechia quadrimaculella CuAmBErs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 2387; Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Rt ey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5459,
1891.
Gelechia ochreocostella, CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 91, 145.
Anacampsis rhoifructella Buseck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5702, 1903.
Not Gelechia quadrimaculella CitamBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., If, 1875, p. 290;
3ull. U.S. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 128.
Lord Walsingham has established the synonomy rho/fructella=
ochreocostella, and suggested that consonclla Zeller was also this species.
I have seen the types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology of —
quadrimaculcla Chambers, consonella Zeller, and ochreocostella Cham-
bers, and in U.S. National Museum there is a type (No. 461) of ochre-
ocostella and specimens named by Walsingham, rhoifructella. All of
these specimens are identical and confirm Lord Walsingham’s synon-
omy, adding that of guadrimaculella Chambers, as was to be expected
from the description of the species.
Both of Chambers’ species as well as Zeller’s type came from Texas.
Clemens presumably reared his in Pennsylvania.
The other species named by Chambers guadrimaculella and after-
wards renamed pravinominella, is evidently an entirely different insect,
which I have recognized as a species of Gelechia, under which genus it
is treated (p. 875).
ANACAMPSIS CRESCENTIFASCIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia crescentifasciella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 287; Cinn. Quart.
Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 255; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., TV, 1878, pp. 90, 142.
Anacampsis crescentifasciella Buscx, Dyar’s List. Amer. Lep., No. 5703, 1903.
Not Gelechia crescentifasciella WAtstINGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., X
1882, p. 179.
’
Lord Walsingham made this species a synonym of Gelechia conclu-
sella Walker, but this was clearly caused by a mistake. The sup-
posed type of crescentifasciclla trom Mr. Goodell’s collection, on the
strength of which Walsingham made the synonomy, is now in Pro-
fessor Fernald’s collection, and he has explained that by mistake this
specimen was represented as the type, but that it really was not
authentic. It is a specimen of conclusella Walker. In Lord Wal-
singham’s notebook! is written under the number corresponding to his
blue label on this specimen ** 1034, G. conclusella Walker= G. crescen-
tifasciella, Chambers’s type,” but the word ‘‘type” was afterwards
crossed over.
Inthe U.S. National Museum there is a type (No. 446) received from —
Chambers with his handwriting erescent/fasciclla. This type is the—
‘See preface, p. 768.
no.1308. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 847
same as eight specimens in Cambridge Museum, also received from
Chambers, and furnished with his label. These specimen agree with
Chambers’ description, and undoubtedly represent the present species,
which is very different from conclusclla Walker. One of these speci-
men, originally from the Salem) collection, bears Walsingham’s blue
label no. 980, and is labeled in his handwriting ‘* Gelech/a erescentifus-
ciclla Chambers, but quite distinct from his type.”!
Crescentifusciclla does resemble, as remarked by Chambers, Gelechia
quadrimaculella,’ ** but is smaller and of a more ashen hue.”
No other specimen than the types mentioned are known to me.
The supposed ‘‘type” in Professor Fernald’s collection, received
from Chambers through Miss Murtfeldt, is an Alachistid, wrongly
identified.
ANACAMPSIS NIVEOPULVELLA Chambers.
Gelechia niveopulvella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 210; Bull. U. 8. Geol,
Surv., IV, p. 1878.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5419, 1891.
Anacampsis niveopulvella, Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5704, 1903.
The unique type of this species was obtained in good condition from
the Belanger collection, Laval University, Quebec, where it has been
since returned by Chambers in 1875. It bears Chambers’ label, agrees
well with his description, and is undoubtedly authentic.
It proves the species to be a large Anacamps/s of the size of ¢nno-
cuclla Zeller. It has the same general pattern of ornamentation as
this species, but much more pronounced in black and white. In
Europe are known very similar corresponding varieties of Andcamp-
sis populella Clerek, and niveopulvella may ultimately prove to be such
avariety of ¢nnocuclla; butas it is easily recognized and markedly dif-
ferent from the common form of /nnocuel/a, and as no intermediate
forms are Lnown as yet, it must be retained as a good species until
proof of the identity with ¢nnocuclla is given by breeding.
In the U.S. National Museum are other specimens identical with
the type from Vancouvers Island, and the northern latitude may be
cause of the variety. Chambers’ type came from Canada.
ANACAMPSIS ARGYROTHAMNIELLA Busck.
Anacampsis argyrothamniella Buscx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 231;
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5705, 1903.—Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington,
IV, 1901, p. 474.
Type.—No. 4938, U.S.N.M.
food plant.—Argyrothamnia blodgett@.
Habhitat.—Palm Beach, Florida.
The supposed type from Goodell’s collection.
* Anacampsis rhoifructella Clemens, p. 845.
ANACAMPSIS LAGUNCULARIELLA Busck.
Anacampsis lagunculariella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 230,
pl. 1, fig. 6; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5706, 1903.—Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc.
Washington, IV, 1901, p. 474.
Type.—No. 4937, U.S.N.M.
Food plant.—Laguncularia racemosa.
848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida. |
ANACAMPSIS CYCLELLA, new species.
Anacampsis cyclella Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5707, 1903.
Antenne whitish yellow, annulated with black. Labial palpi whitish
yellow, terminal joint toward tip fuscous. Face, head, and thorax
whitish yellow. Ground color of forewings whitish yellow shaded
with darker fawn. On the middle of the dorsal edge is a large, semi-
circular, dark olive-brown spot, reaching to the middle of the wing
and edged with white. The apical half of costal edge is of this same
dark brown color, interrupted by four oblique white streaks, the first
near the middle of the wing, the second at beginning of costal cilia,
both directed outward. The two last streaks are smaller nearer apex
and directed inward. The second costal streak is faintly continued
in a thin, outwardly pointed, V-shaped fascia, at the tip of which is a
longitudinal black dash, edged with white scales. Above and below
this dash, outside of the faint white fascia, the wing is finely check-
ered with black and white scales. On the middle of the wing at the
end of the cell is a small, dark brown, oblong spot. Upper half of
the cilia is dark reddish brown, with base white; through this white
base runs a heavy black line parallel with the edge of the wing.
Lower half of cilia yellowish white. When the moth is at rest the—
two dorsal spots on the wings unite to form a conspicuous dark circle, —
edged with white. Hindwing dark olive brown, lighter and silvery —
toward the base; cilia golden. Abdomen and underside of thorax
silvery yellow. Legs yellowish white annulated with brown; tarsi
dark brown tipped with white. Alar expanse, 14 to 14.5 mm.
Habitat. — Arizona.
Type.—No. 6871, U.S.N.M. |
Described from three well-preserved specimens—two collected by
Mr. E. A. Schwarz, at Santa Rita Mountains, in May and June; the—
third collected by Mr. H. 8. Barber, in July, at Williams, Arizona.
~All Ma a oe EE et he eS Ne tt he ee aa ate Ft apt aes ome Be ge
ANACAMPSIS PALTODORIELLA, new species.
Anacampsis paltodoriella Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5708, 1903.
Antenne silvery white with a heavy longitudinal dark brown line
running from base to tip. Labial palpi, second joint yellowish white, —
terminal joint silvery white with a slender longitudinal black line in
i
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 849
front from base to apex. Face creamy white; head and thorax light
drab colored. Forewing’s drab colored, lightest nearly white along the
costa, gradually darker toward dorsal edge.
In the middle of the cell is a smail indistinct blackish dot, a similar
one nearer base on the fold anda third at the end of the cell. At
apical fourth is an oblique narrow white streak directed outward and
nearly meeting a similar but curved dorsal streak directed upward
and outward. Both streaks are slightly edged with black anteriorly.
The area between the dorsal streak and the edge of the wing is white,
mottled finely with black, each scale being tipped with black. Apical
cilia dark brown with base whitish and containing a heavy blackish per-
pendicular line; dorsa! cilia yellowish white with the apical dark line
continued fainter and interrupted along the edge of the wing. Hind-
wings dark purplish fuscous, cilia a shade lighter and with a narrow
whitish line at base along the edge of the wing. Abdomen dark pur-
plish except first two joints above which are light velvety yellow, anal
tuft yellowish.
Fore and middle legs and underside of thorax deep dull brown,
nearly black; tarsal joints tipped with yellow; hindlegs on the outside
dark brown mottled with yellow, the inside and tuft on tibial yellow,
tarsi banded with yellow.
Alar expanse.—3 mm.
Habitat.—Mesilla Park, New Mexico.
Type.—No. 6372, U.S.N.M.
A beautiful species, near the foregoing, cyclella, collected by Prof.
=). A. Cockerell.
The wing pattern strongly reminds one of the s¢r7ate//a group of the
genus Paltodora.
ANACAMPSIS FULLONELLA Zeller.
Gelechia (Ceratophora?) fullonella Zeturr, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. gesell. Wien,
XXII, 1873, p. 276.
Gelechia fullonella CHAaMbrrs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 143.—R1tey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5366, 1891.
Gelechia rufusella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 240; Bull. U. 5. Geol. Sury.,
IV, 1878, p. 1474.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5472, 1891.
Gelechia (Trichotaphe) refusella Watsincuam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X,
1882, p. 184.
Gelechia subruberella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 240; Cinn. Quart. Journ.
Sei., II, 1875, p. 254; Buli. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, p. 147, 1878.—Rinzy,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5486, 1891.
Menesta rubescens Watstncuam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 319, 1881, pl. xxxv1,
tL O.O)
Anacampsis fullonella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5709, 1905.
The types of fullonella are in the possession of Lord Walsingham,
to whom I am indebted for the information (in letter of May 10,
1901) that it is the same as Chambers’ ru fusedla.
fi Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 54
850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Of this latter species I have examined type no. 463 in the U.S,
National Museum, and Chambers’ types in Cambridge as well as
specimens in the National Museum and in the Philadelphia Academy
of Natural Sciences, determined by Lord Walsingham; they are all
identical and undoubtediy represent Chambers’ rufusella.
The supposed type of this species in Professor Fernald’s collection
isa very similar species of Zrichotaphe, which I feel confident repre-
sents Chambers’ Gerechia bidiscomaculella (p. 914).
In the U.S. National Museum are undoubted specimens of ru fusella
which, in my opinion, represent Chambers’ swhruberella, which species
Chambers himself, in his original description, suggested was only a
variety of rufusella. As all authentic specimens of svhruberella are
lost, and as rufusella is a somewhat variable species, I place the two
as synonyms without much hesitation, thus disposing of an otherwise
empty name.
Lord Walsingham suggested that this species is a 7réchotaphe, but
the separate veins 2 and 3 in forewings and the very long terminal
joint of the labial palpi place it in the present genus.
The general habitus of the species is truly very similar to Zr/cho-
tuphe, and it is one proof of the close relationship of the two genera.
All the specimens I have seen are from Texas.
ANACAMPSIS LUPINELLA Busck.
Anacampsis lupinella Buscx, Can. Ent., X XXIII, 1901, p. 14; Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5710, 1903.
Type.—No. 5351. U.S.N.M.
Food plant.— Lupinus perennis.
Habitat.—Canada.
Since describing this species I have had the pleasure of breeding it
myself from larva, kindly sent me by my friend, Mr. Arthur Gibson,
Ottawa, Canada, thus obtaining more material of this interesting
species.
ANACAMPSIS AGRIMONIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia agrimoniella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 162, 434;
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 120; Stainton Ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872,
pp. 40, 112, 224.—Crampers, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Riney,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5301, 1891.
Gelechia (Anacampsis) agrimoniella Zeuuer, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 275
Tachyptilia agrimoniella Dirrz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 474.
Gelechia aduncella ZeuLeR, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XVIII, 1868,
p. 614.
Gelechia aderusella Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5299, 1891.
Anacampsis agrimoniella Buscx, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1901, p. 15; Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5711, 1903. |
This well-known and thoroughly described species has been recorded
from Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, and Georgia. In the
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 851
National Museum are also bred and collected specimens from Virginia,
New York, and Kansas.
Food plant.—Agrimonia.
This and the following species have a marked resemblance to the
anthyllidella group of the genus Aprowrema, which has caused former
workers (Zeller, Stainton, and Walsingham) to place it in that genus
in spite of the differing wing form and venation, but they clearly
belong to the present genus, and only indicate the relationship of the
two genera.
ANACAMPSIS TRISTRIGELLA Walsingham.
Gelechia (Anacampsis) tristrigella WatstxcuaM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila.,
X, 1882, p. 181.—Coaquitiert, Papilio, III, 1883, p. 91.
Gelechia tristrigella Comstock, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., V, 1890, p. 659.—RiLrey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5502, 1891.
Anacampsis tristrigella Buscx, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1901, p. 15; Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5712, 1903.
Of this easily recognized species I have identified a specimen from
Kansas in U. 8. National Museum, which identification I subsequently
had opportunity to verify by comparison with the type in Professor
Fernald’s collection.
Food plant.— Corylus americana (Coquillett).
ANACAMPSIS LEVIPEDELLA Clemens.
pee a CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 1863, p. 4; Stainton
. Tin. N. Am., 1872, p. 207.—CHAmBrERs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878,
p. Soon , Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XIX, 1878, p. 251.—Ritry, Smith's
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5584, 1891.
Anacampsis levipedella Buscx, Can. Ent., XX XIII, 1901, p. 15; Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5713, 1903.
The type of this species is lost, but no doubt whatever exists about
the identity of this common, striking, well-described species.
I have examined specimens determined by Chambers in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, in Cambridge, and specimens named by Lord
Walsingham in the National Museum.
While this species has a certain general resemblance to the genus
Strobisia, its structural characters place it in Anacampsis, in which
it finds a near relative in the preceding species, ¢r7strigelia Walsingham.
Professor Frey’s excellent description of the characteristic under-
side of the wings is an important addition, and emphasizes the rela-
tionship with this group.
The species is rather common around Washington City.
GELECHIA Hutibner.
Plate XX XI, fig. 29.
Gelechia Hitpner, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 415.
Cirrha CuamBeERs, Can. Ent., I[V, 1872, p. 146.
Oesers CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sei., I, 1875, p. 255.
Pseudochelaria Drerz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 252, pl. 1, fig. 3
852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV
eee palpi long curved, second joint more or or less thickened
beneath, with rough scales, sometimes with large developed brush,
sometimes furrowed; terminal joint nearly as long or longer than
second joint, smooth pointed. Forewings elongate pointed, with 12
veins, 7 and 8 stalked, rest separate. Hindwings nearly as broad or
broader than forewings; apex pointed, termen more or less sinuate;_
8 veins, 3 and 4 connate or short stalked, 5 approximate to 4, 6 and-
7 approximate, connate or stalked. 4
Two species, namely, conclusclla Walker and basquella Chambers,
which have been included in the present genus, differ from this
synopsis in having veins 3 and 4 in the forewings stalked, but I do
not believe generic separation would be justified on that ground, as
there ix a tendency in allied species to have these veins approxim: ite, §
or even connate (Gelechia abdominella Busck), and as they in all other |
particulars agree with the genus.
Chambers’ genus C7rria does not in any way differ from Gelechia,
as examination of the type has proven. }
Oeseis Chambers has very strongly developed and somewhat special-
ized brush on second joint of labial palpi, approac ching that of Ypsolo-_ .
phus; but otherwise in general habitus, wing form, and venation it
agrees well with Gelechia as here defined, and I do not believe it can-
be retained as a natural separate genus in view of the many interme-_
diate forms found between it and normal (elechia species.
Pseudochdaria Dietz has justly been made a synonym of Gelechia
by Lord Walsingham and J. Hartley Durrant.’
From the examination of the supposed type of Lord Walsingham’s
genus of that name, pensylvanica Dietz (Walsingham manuscript),
which is now in Dr. Dietz’s possession, I am unable to see why a new
genus should be erected for it as Lord Walsingham suggests, and have,
consequently, included that species also in the present genus. Some
mistake has likely been made.
The genus Catastega Clemens, which was erected solely on larval
food habits, I had ata time suspected to be synonymous with Gelechia,
and it is so placed in Dr. Dyar’s List of American Lepidoptera. I
had reached this conclusion by breeding Gclechia serotinella Busck,
which has the identical and very peculiar life mode described by
Clemens for the genus Catastega, and I surmised that Clemens’ species,
when bred, might turn out to belong to the same group.
Since then, however, Dr. Dyar has succeeded in breeding what must
be regarded as type of Clemens’ genus, the oak feeding ¢/médella, and
it turns out to be a Tortricid (not yet determined,” because of rubbed
condition of the specimens).
pa Dt
1 Ent. Mo. Mag. 1902, p. 28.
? For this reason Catastega, with its three species, was retained in Dr. Dyar’s List
of American Lepidoptera under Gelechia, as it was not known where else to place —
them,
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. “853
This and the two other species, which were placed heading the list
of unrecognized species of Gelech/a have thus no place there, and need
not give more trouble in this group.
Under Gelechia it has been necessary to place not only such species
which have been recognized by the writer as belonging to the genus,
but also all those species which have been described as or referred to
Gelechia, Wut which at present are unknown and therefore of uncer-
tain generic position; in fact, some of these evidently do not belong to
Gedechia, but as their true genus can not be ascertained at present they
must temporarily stand under Ge/echia as described.
All these unplaced species I have put in section ., which then
merely indicates that such species are retained in the genus only on the
authority of the original description. These species must of course
be reckoned with when a new species is to be described in any ('e/e-
chiid genus. It isa tedious work, always more or less uncertain, to go
over all these descriptions before one is reasonably sure not to make a
synonym.
To insure myself as far as possible against this I have made for my
own use a synoptic table of all these uncertain species, using such
striking characters as can be gleaned from the descriptions, but even
with this many descriptions must be gone over.
All species placed in section A can be relied upon as conforming
with the definition of the genus Gelech/a in all particulars, except when
otherwise expressly remarked upon.
The following synoptic table includes only these recognized species:
Ground color black’or very dark uniform brown ........---.-------------- 1
Cround color not black or dark uniform brown. 2] :>.---+=--22--= 2 226-2-5- 21
Peeioeneadd:canary sVClow <2 22.222 -.2 2.4.2 2-2 So eo See ae: aristella, p. 866
Bbemaaniiteve Na WpsierGter ean ae te oe hee en pe i oe es See 2
2. Forewings with white or whitish markings only..........----------------- 3
Horewing with dorsalvedge rust red .2. 2.0)... et ae ee basquella, p. 864
Se bcihahead gnurteswihiter=as Soo ae Sas a eae SES A Oe iS oe ain a ga Se 4
Reppalicademorcrar less miOttledia.c.< 2 oh. fe ee ae cen ois ie we er ees 14
Pa aAthpoasal halt ot dorsaliedge wihite. &. 2222) f. aren le sec ot eee cee 5
Me RCA COROT WMC mee yee a oo oe oi Seine ieee eee ieee Ae 9
pembtare dorsal -edee. white. °. ...2.= 2.2.2. 2 <= Dene eee paulella, p. 865
Bninmernorsalecdee NOt White. soo. 2 doe ot cee oe Ais = gees ea ee ee 6
6. With oblique white fascia at apical fourth ..-......----------- unifasciella, p. 865
LNG ESIC M alas Clare 25 2,5 ct oe eS ale eee ahah ee ee eens eae le leno 7
7. With abdomen and legs salmon colored. ....-.--.----------- abdominella, p. 863
NOU OTN ENOL SAlmMOm«COLOTEC ise =.= x2 a. te cies 8 es pera ee et ee ese 8
8. With white streak on basal half of costa .........-..............sistrella, p. 862
Withoutisuchistres ks sce g2e 20 2 ee ae Suan reese es ae 2 dentella, p. 862
MM MTOM GEN GO Tred Xe WENT Li es eee te pe NS a Fale ee ele ate ecg eS manele 10
“TLETOTIEES 5 01) fg O12 sae nis = SE ope epee ne yn Sk ee 12
10. Forewings with white fascia and costal spots .......-...-.----- albilorella, p. 861
Hore nos without Such dasclavandsspots-. os.) = een hes SoS ins as 22 a 1]
11. Forewings with iaint ochreous white dots on disk.......--- minimaculella, p. S67
Hore wines withowt.such: dots. ss. 922. - Send aa ge eee
GrOouUndIcOLOrslio la troche Ouse eee eee ee epee eer rileyella, p.
Groundscolor oraiy ish sy hte pees ees ee Pies eee es obscurosuffusella, p.
Dorsal edge conspicuously lighter than costal edge -...-.-...----+---------
Dorsal edge not lighter than rest of wing: . 2-2-2 1 222.2 3 eee
Baserot fore wingsuehtiochreo tse ese = se eee mediofuscella, p.
Base'of forewings not light. 22.027 2-2 Soe ae eee
Rmntine th onraxe! 1 olatOc lire OU sees aes aes eee ee hibiscella, p.
Oniycenitrall partiotithoraxcochreoussss. a= sen =a ochreostrigella, p.
Second joint of labial palpiideep black=_ 2252522 5 ae eae eee eee
Second joint of labial palpi not black. --- 320-222 S5- 22s ee eee
Forewings with indistinct white markings -.--...----------- albisparsella, p.
Forewings without white markings --_.....-..---------------- unchilella, p.
Forewings without any transverse markings (222-2222. 3-2 ae eee
Forewings with costal spots or other transverse markings ..-.--------------
Forewings uniformly longitudinal streaked without other markings. - ~~~... -
iRorewines with other imankings =2 9) s-2 = s= See eae eee ees
Forewings brownish._-....------ Sis i bee ee oe We ae rons ochreosuffusella, p.
Rorewiies'eray = 25... * 2 52o0 eee eee eee ne striatella, p.
15
859
856
855
866 —
15
164
18
861
a
|
|
}
857 5
856
19
:
1
209
860
859
858
859
889
22
860
23
}
xo.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GEL ECHIID MOTHS—B USCK. S55
39. With heavy black longitudinal streak on FON Ca, ent eee hte ke 2 variabilis, p. 871
Bem imeTCIIG ITS LOAe sey ee te re a ei a as 40
40. Forewings strongly mottled with dark fuscous SpoOiese sane ae: nundinella, p. 888
Forewings without such spots-.--.---------------------++-7----- petasitis, p. 888
41. Dorsal base of forewing darker than general color Olaminoveeee ses eee 42
Base of dorsum not darker than general color of wing --------------------- 44
42. With angulated whitish fascia at apical fs rns pnp eas ete eee sere rece 43
WWATHO Ub SIC MeTaASCla oes oie sete ce ita yee se i i cockerelli, p. 871
43. With oblique light band at basal third....------------------ walsinghami, p. 885
PR OUtStiGh am, oes es ees Se a yitels ee eaten Sense Sic = pennsylvanica, p. 885
44. With white or whitish markings at apical third ....---.-.----------------- 45
Without white markings at apical third ..---.---------------------------- 60
45. With longitudinal deep black line on fold ..-..---------------- trilineella, p. 873
aE CNET RUBRIC eee ore So ae ee ere aces aici 46
46. With complete fascia at apical third -.----..-------+-----------+-7-++-+7-->- 47
Fascia more or less interrupted or absent --------------------------------- 57
47. With head unmottled ochreous - -------------------------- monumentella, p. 888
Feadumore or less mottled 2.222 92.222 52 Se bs SS I ae 48
48. Forewings with vein 3 and 4 stalked ......------------------- conclusella, p. 887
Forewings with veins 3 and 4 separate... -.-------------------+-+-+-7-- ey te 49
49. Forewings with longitudinal black line before apex.......------- -sequaz, p. 884
aE Tent Ra lin MT Gke tse eo ie etn retake Sie arate aioe or moe sl elon ova tase 50
50. With large black discal spot reaching up to costaliedges 3 Y=. == occidentella, p. 884
iEhoUeAChEspOb MES. s 8 = so ooo ees em ne aie aii ae 51
51. Fascia strongly outwardly angulated ------.--------------------------++-- 52
ecimean ly strait: m= eae oe a le 2 ee aa a a 55
RM Frcenuiliito pee te oe eel eee cee a= 3 mole misma slag = ne oe mie 53
Hine cntiwinilemers. eae eae see See Ss ee eee na ee eee 54
53. Tuft on second joint of labial palpi large, much longer at base than at apex,
versutella, p. 878
Tuit on second joint short and eyen in its entire length. -.------- lynceella, p. 879
54. Central part of underside of abdomen pure ochreous white. -nigrimaculella, p. 880
Underside of abdomen dark mottled ..-.-.-------------- hbiminimaculella, p. 881
55. With dark costal spot at basal third -..------.----------- bicostomaculella, p. 879
Wathout such spot! s25 9. 25- - 22 n242 525+ S22 5-2 aoe ae SS l= = is 56
56. Terminal joint ef labial palpi with white annulation before tip. -tephriasella, p. 886
Terminal joint of labial palpi without AM MU AMO Messe ae sete = dyariella, p. 877
57. Basal half of costa whitish.-...--.------------------------ pseudoacaciella, p. 881
Basalihalf. of costa mot whitish .2-. ss. 5- =222 =: 2225 <= 5 ee - - 58
58. First abdominal segments velvety ochreous above -------------' serotinella, p. 882
First abdominal segments not velvety ochreous above -.----.-------------- 59
59. Forewings with raised scales --.--------.-------------- maculimarginella, p. 881
Forewings without raised scales -....-.--.-.------+---+---------- vernella, p. 884
GBOsaWith base of costa black --..5..252-----)-s22--25-------=---=- lindenella, p. 876
RASENO (COSTA TING HID LC kl csr ce eee ne ee eee te ete mylene 61
61. With horny frontal prominence. .---.------------------------- barnesiella, p. 875
Mepis SUC =. <4 ea = > See Ee oe be eee eee pravinominella, p. 875
A.— Recogn 1204 SPectes.
GELECHIA CERCERISELLA Chambers.
Depressaria cercerisella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 108, 129, 147, 148.
Gelechia cercerisella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 110, 142.—
WatstncHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 177.—RIi.ry, Smith’s
856 PROCEEDIN GS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM VOL. XXV.
ies ee Bon ee No. 5334. = SCK, tee s ee ee Lep., No. 5714,
1903.
Gelechia olympiadella ZetiER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873,
p. 259, pl. 1, fig. 15.—CHAmBrrs, Can. Ent., LX, 1877, p. 24; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Sury., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5483.
Not Gelechia cercerisella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, pp. 230-231; Can. Ent.,
IX, 1877, p. 23.—WatsincHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 179.
Chambers found what he supposed to be a variety of the species in
Texas with an additional white spot on the fold and consequently made
Gelechia quinella Zeller, which is this supposed variety a synonym of
the present species. This “‘ variety” is truly gucnella Zeller, but is a
quite distinct species, while Zeller’s o/ympcadella, as the description,
figure, and types in Cambridge Museum show, is the same as Chambers’
vrcis feeding species. Zeller points out well the differences between
the two species.
The present species is one of the commonest Ge/echiids in the vicin-
ity of Washington, and its pretty larva, well described by Chambers,
‘an be found all summer spinning up the leaves of redbud. There are
at least two generations in this locality. The imagoes of one brood
issue about September 1, and the following brood overwinters as pupa
and comes forth as imago in early May.
In U.S. National Museum are authentic specimens, received and
labeled by Chambers, besides targe bred series from District of
Columbia, and captured specimens from Kansas and Texas.
“ah a a ee th i tl es SE Dal at 8 ect OE ols hl ei
ba bata
Biss BALA Ake ai ee
GELECHIA QUINELLA Zeller.
Gelechia quinella ZevuER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien., X XIII, 1873, p.
260, pl. 11, fig. 14. —CraAmBers, Can. Ent., 1X, 1877, p. 23.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5715, 1903.
Gelechia cercerisella var. CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 231; IX, 1877, p. 23.—
WALsINGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1882, p. 177.
This species must, according to the explanation given under the
previous species, stand as a good species, distinct from cercer isella—m
Chambers=olympiadella Zeller.
I have examined, besides Zeller’s types in the Cambridge Museum,
the specimens there, originally belonging to Salem Academy of
Natural History, which Lord Walsingham had before him in 1882
with his blue labels, nos. 976 and 989.
Authentic specimens of Chambers’ supposed variety of cercerisella
are found in Cambridge Museum and in U. 8. National Museum, where
are also several other specimens, all like the type and Chambers’
specimens from Texas.
Sy Ph Be
GELECHIA ARIZONELLA, new species.
» Gelechia arizonella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5716, 1905.
Antenne black; labial palpi with dense slightly furrowed brush,
black; the inside of the second joint and the middle of the terminal
Bice at ai. T ndeeesniceniatsiiiis 5
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 857
joint with sparse whitish scales intermixed. ‘ace, ,, head, and thorax
whitish, but heavily overlaid with dark fuscous scales; top of head
and middle of thorax lighter than face and shoulders. Forewings
deep bronzy black with four white markings, namely, one large out-
wardly oblique white costal streak near base, the lower tip of which
crosses the fold; one nearly elliptical white spot on the middle of the
wing; one triangular white costal spot at the beginning of the cilia,
and opposite this a smaller dorsal white spot.
The spots are identical with those found in the two preceding spe-
cies, cercerisella and quinella, except that the second costal spot in the
former and the two middle spots of the latter have been replaced by the
single central spot in a7/zonella.
Hindwings as broad as forewings; light silvery fuscous, darker
along costa and toward the tip. Cilia a shade lighter. Abdomen
light fuscous with a metallic purple sheen; each joint is fringed pos-
teriorly with whitish scales, and the two first joints are velvety yellow-
ish above.
Legs dark fuscous; tarsal joints narrowly tipped with whitish.
Alar expanse.—13 to 15 mm.
fHabitat.—Avizona.
Type.—No. 6373, U.S.N.M.
Collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz in Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona,
in May.
Very near the foregoing species and the following, but at once dis-
tinguished by its dark head, its different wing spots, and its unbarred
fees:
GELECHIA COLORADENSIS, new species.
Gelechia coloradensis Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5717, 1903.
Antenne black; labial palpi with well-developed brush; second
joint white, slightly sprinkled with dark scales above, terminal joint
black with white tip. Face white; head and thorax uniform dark
purplish black. Forewings deep purplish black with five pure white
markings, namely, an outwardly oblique costal white streak near base,
reaching the fold; an elliptical white spot on the middle of the wing;
an angulate white costal spot at the beginning of the cilia; an opposite
small dorsal white spot and a small white dot on the fold, below and
forward of the central spot. Just before apex are found a few single
white scales.
The ornamentation of the wing is precisely similar to that of the
preceding species, ar/zonella Busck, with the addition of the last men-
tioned small white dot on the fold. Hindwings as broad as forewings,
dark fuscous.
Abdomen above purplish black, below whitish. Legs dark fuscous
with broad white bars on tibia and tarsi and with posterior cox
white.
858 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
Alar expanse. 15 e LG mm.
Habitat.—Colorado, Florida, South Carolina.
Type.—No. 6374, U.S.N.M.
This species is very close to the foregoing three species, especially
to arizonella Buseck, but at once distinguished from this by its pure—
white face and black head, by its light palpi and white barred legs, as_|
well as by the slight difference in wing ornamentation. ;
The name of the species is a misnomer because while the types of —
the species came from Colorado I have subsequently identified it from —
Florida and South Carolina.
Wag fy MOR Nar net 8
nt eer es OE *
GELECHIA TRIALBAMACULELLA Chambers.
Galechia trialbamaculella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., Il, 1875, p. 250;
Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., III, 1878, p. 147—Rtuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. ©
Am., No. 5497, 1891—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5718, 1903. }
Gelechia epigwella CHAmpers, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., [iI, 1881, p. 289.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5359, 1891.
Types of both species with Chambers’ labels on the pins are found —
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge, and prove,
as the descriptions would indicate, that it is only one species twice —
described.
A large bred series, showing considerable variation in the white |
markings, is found in U. S. National Museum, determined by Lord —
Walsingham as ep/geella.
Food plant— Vaccinium stamineum.—The following are the notes
on this series in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, given under
No. 2788
An apparently very numerous larva of a skeletonizer on Vaccinium stamineum was
found in Virginia (presumably by Mr. Theo. Pergande and near Washington City)
on July 16. The larva fastens together two or more leaves and feeds between them
on the epidermis, forming from its frass a tube, which is open at both ends. The
larva is about 8 mm. long, pale dirty yellowish or greenish yellow, with six darker
yellow stripes, head and cervical shield dark yellow; moths issued from July 26 to
August 17.
Chambers’ type was bred from the nearly related pigzxa repens.
In U. 8. National Museum is another series of apparently this same
species bred from sweet fern, Comptonia asplenifolia, and also identi-
fied by Lord Walsingham as ep7geella Chambers. This would be an
unusually diverse food plant for a Gelechiid, and I was suspicious that
the latter series would prove another species, as it eventually may.
But the rather ample material can not be separated at present except —
by the labels, and the notes on the larve are so similar that for the —
time being at least I must assume all to be one species.
Should it ultimately prove to be two species by more accurate obser- —
vations on the larve, the species on Comptonia might properly be-
as ines et ak
no.1804. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. RAY
given Chambers’ first name, (r/a/bamaculella, and his second name be
retained for the feeder on Vaceiniwm and Epiged.
GELECHIA CONFUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia confusella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sei-s Mel875)p.. 25i1;, Bull
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.—RiLery, Smith’s net Lep. Bor. Am., No,
5342, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5719, 1903.
Depressaria persicxella Murtrretpt, Rep. Mich. St. Agr. Coll., 1899.
Grelechia persiceella Murrreipr, Can, Knt., X XXII, 1900, p. 164.
food plant.— Prunus persica.
[Tabitat.—Michigan.
Jotypes of Miss Murtfeldt’s species are in U. S. National Museum
under type No. 4697.
The species is very close to the foregoing and I have no doubt is the
same as Chambers’ Gelech/a confusella, the type of which is lost, but
the deseription of which tallies in every detail with the peach feeder.
GELECHIA BIMACULELLA Chambers.
Depressaria bimaculella Cuampers, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, pp. 108, 129, 147, 148.
Gelechia bimaculella CuamBeErs, Bull. U.S. Geal. Sar, IV, 1878, p. 141.—RiLEy,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5326, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5720, 1903.
Gelechia (?Lita) ternariella Zeuuter, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien., X XIII,
1873, p. 264, pl. m1, fig. 19.
Gelechia ternariella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—RI.ry,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., a 5491, 1891.
Gelechia sylvecolella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 86, 147.—
Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5489, 1891.
Type No. 440 in the U.S. National Museum of Depressaria biimacu-
lella, labeled in Chambers’ handwriting and dated 1872, agrees with his
type specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge
and shows that it is identical with Zeller’s ternariella, type of which,
in excellent condition, is also found in the Cambridge Museum. The
type in U.S. National Museum bears besides Chambers’ name label
also another folded label in his handwriting: ** Congeneric with cerce-
risella and perhaps atrue Gelechia.” Italso bears Lord Walsingham’s
blue label no. 1168.
The type of Gelechia sylvecolella Chambers is lost, but the descrip-
tion agrees well with the present somewhat variable species, and it
seems proper to regard it asa variety of it, as suggested by Chambers.
Habitat.—Kentucky, Texas.
GELECHIA CONTINUELLA Zeller.
CGelechia continuella ZELLER, Isis, 1839, p. 198.—SrauprncerR and Repen, Cat.
Lep. Eur., II, No. 2597, 1901. Sisk ane x, Wiener ent. Monatschr., 1864,
p- 200. —Gnors, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 126.—Rrinry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5348, 1891.—Busck, Dyan s List Amer. Lep., No. 5721, 1£03.
Gelechia oe PacKaRD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1867, p. 61.
- Gelechia albomaculella CuamBErs, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 209; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rriey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5306, 1891.
860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. 9
Moeschler originally recorded continuclla from Labrador. In the-
Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge are Packard's two
types of trémaculella, also described from Labrador.
So far as the specimens, which are in poor condition, permit com-
parison, they agree in every respect with authentic European speci- —
men of cont/nuella Zeller in U.S. National Museum. From the Bei- —
anger collection in Laval University, Quebec, I have obtained the —
unique type of Chambers’ Gelechia albamaculedla. It is in poor con-—
dition, without palpi and wings on one side, but recognizable, and
undoubtedly authentic, with Chambers’ label on the pin. It is same
species as tr/maculella Packard.
The types of the latter in Cambridge bear Lord Walsingham’s blue |
labels no. 838-839, corresponding to bis identification in his notebook,
trimaculella Packard.
The American specimens agree with the European in having veins
3 and 4 and 6 and 7 on hindwing shortstalked.
GELECHIA RIBESELLA Chambers.
Gelechia ribesella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 290; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv., ITI, 1877, p. 128; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p.
146.—RILey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.5467, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5722, 1903. ;
The unique type of this species is in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge in good condition. It is a fine, well-described,
and easily recognized species.
19}
Chambers bred it from currant in Colorado at an altitude of 8,500 |
feet.
In the U. S. National Museum is a fine series, bred last summer
from currant in Colorado by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar.
GELECHIA TROPHELLA, new species.
Gelechia trophella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5725, 1903.
Antenne light silvery fuscous, with narrow black annulations. Sec-
ond joint of labial palpi with well-developed brush, longer at base than
at apex; silvery white liberally mottled with black; underside of brush
black; terminal joint black, slightly sprinkled with white scales.
Lower part of face and tongue ocherous; upper part of face, head,
and thorax light fuscous, intermixed with white and black metallic
scales. Basal half of forewings dark iridescent fuscous, liberally
intermixed with white and black scales. At basal third is an oblique
outwardly directed black costal streak, somewhat wider at its lower
end on the cell. Outer half of forewings shining black, with sparse
white scales around the edges. At apical third is a transverse, per-
1See preface, p. 768.
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 861
pendicular, Siehely outwardly sneulate d white fused across the wing.
Cilia purplish white, with sparse black scales intermixed.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, light shining fuscous; cilia lighter
yellowish fuscous. Abdomen light iridescent purplish fuscous. Legs
bluish black, mottled with white scales; tarsi dark purple, with e: ach
joint tipped with white.
Alur expanse.—15 to 16 mim.
Food plant.—Oak.
Habitat.—Colorado.
Type.—No. 6375, U.S.N.M.
This species comes nearest continuclla Zeller, but has the fascia well
detined and is easily distinguished from that species by its dark head
and long brush on the labial palpi.
The types were bred by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, who has given me
the following notes on the larva:
Larva.—Head and cervical shield black; body pale, thickly mottled with red
brown, obscurely longitudinally lined and leaving pale spaces about the minute black
tubercles. Dorsal line geminate, irregular; subdorsal broader, blotched below tuber-
cle i; lateral and two subventral lines obscure. Thoracic feet black; anal plate
brown bordered.
On oak in the Platte Canyon, Colorado. Imago June 18.
GELECHIA LUGUBRELLA Fabricius.
Gelechia lugubrella Fasricius, Ent. Syst., III, 1794, 2,299, 54.—Sraupincer and
REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, No. 2617, 1901.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5724, 1903.
In Professor Fernald’s collection are two specimens from Orono,
Maine, determined by Lord Walsingham as (lechia lugubrella Fabri;
cius. They bear his blue labels no. 99 and 213 and undoubtedly belong
to this European species, which must thus be included in the American
list.
In the U. S. National Museum is a good series of Kuropean speci-
mens.
The species is very distinct from its nearest allies and easily recog-
nized by its two white wing markings, the oblique white streak at
basal third and the narrow inwardly curved white fascia at apical third.
GELECHIA ALBILORELLA Zeller.
Gelechia albilorella ZeuLerR, Verh. k. k., zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873,
p. 261, pl. iii, fig. 16.—Crambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878 p. 141.—
Ritzy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5303, 1891.—Busckx, Dyar's List
Amer. Lep., No. 5725, 1903.
Gelechia trifasciella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ., Il, 1875, p. 252; Can. Ent.,
XS 1877, p. 24; Bull. U.S: Geol. Surv., FV, 1878, p: 147. Sane: Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5498, 1891.
Type No. 464, in the U. S. National Museum, of f7/fisc/e/la, with
Chambers’ label on the pin, is identical with two types in Cambridge
5
862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Museum; also with Chambers’ labels. One of these bears Lord Wal-
singham’s blue label No. 1004, corresponding to his identification in
his notebook,’ trzfasciella Chambers.
These types agree exactly with Zeller’s description and figure of
albilorella, a specimen of which, identified hy Lord Walsingham, is in
U.S. National Museum.
This striking species is common in collections from Arizona, Colo-
‘ado, and Texas.
GELECHIA DENTELLA, new species.
Gelechia dentella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5726, 1903.
Antenne dark fuscous, with lighter faint annulations. Labial palpi
with well-developed brush; second joint yellowish white; terminal —
joint white, with a fuscous annulation before the tip.
Face, head, and thorax yellowish white; shoulders black. Forewings —
black and yellowish white, as follows: Costal half from base to apical, —
two-fifths black, and entire apical two-fifths black except two small —
opposite costal and dorsal spots, which are yellowish white. Dorsal
half of wing from base to apical, two-fifths yellowish white. The
white part projects upward at apical two-fifths to the costal edge and_
has another slight projection into the costal black part at basal third —
of the wing. Cilia black.
Hindwings broader than forewings, light yellowish gray; abdomen
light yellowish fuscous; legs yellowish white, barred with black.
Alar expanse.—9 to 10 mm.
Habitat.—Phoenix, Arizona.
Type.—No. 6376, U.S.N.M.
Cotypes in collection of Mr. William D. Kearfott, to whom I am
indebted for this and the two following similar species.
Close to the following two species, s/stre/la and abdominella, but dis-
tinguished from them by the absence of any white on basal three-fifths
of costal hal! of forewing.
GELECHIA SISTRELLA, new species.
Gelechia sistrella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5727, 1903.
Antenne black, with narrow, indistinct white annulations; labial
palpi with well-developed brush; second joint white; terminal joint
white, sprinkled with black, and with tip black; face, head, and tho-
rax white; shoulders black; forewing, deep black and pure silvery
white, as follows: A broad longitudinal black in the middle of the
wing, equidistant from the costai and dorsal edge, starting at base of
costa and reaching one-half of the length of the wing, where it turns
1See preface, page 765.
ee
te ele eee Ve ae lle cs ate
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. Sb:
sharply rectangularly upward, reaching costal edge and thus inclosing
a narrow, longitudinal costal white patch; apical two-fifths black,
with two large rounded opposite costal and dorsal spots, white. The
rest of the wing—that is, the basal half of the dorsal edge and a per-
pendicular, neariy straight fascia Just outside the middle of the wing—
is white. Cilia black, tipped with whitish; hindwings broader than
forewings, silvery fuscous; abdomen dark fuscous and tuft yellowish;
legs white, with black bars on the outside.
Alar expanse.—9 to 10 mm.
Habitat.— Phoenix, Arizona.
Type.—No. 6377, U.8.N.M.
Cotypes in collection of Mr. William D. Kearfott. Very similar
to the preceding species, but at once distinguished by the white basal
costal patch.
GELECHIA ABDOMINELLA, new species.
Gelechia abdominella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5728, 1903.
Antenne black, with sharp white annulations. Labial palpi with
second joint white; brush well developed; terminal joint white, with
slight fuscous shading in front; tip white.
Face, head, and thorax white, with a faint ocherous tint; shoulders
black.
Forewings black and white, as follows: Extreme base of costa
black; a large triangular costal spot before the middle of the wing,
with tip reaching beyond the fold, black, with a central dot on the
costa, white. Apical two-fifths of wing black, with a costal and dorsal
triangular white spot at the beginning of the cilia nearly or quite
reaching each other with their thinly extended tips. Rest of fore-
wine—that is, the dorsal three-fifths, with two upward projections
reaching the costal edge on each side of the costai black triangular
spot—white, with a faint ocherous tint. Cilia blackish.
Hindwings broader than forewings, light silvery gray. Abdomen
and hindlegs light silvery salmon red; forelegs white, barred with
black.
Alar expanse.—9 to 10 min.
Tabitat.—Phoenix, Arizona.
Type.—No. 6378, U.S.N.M.
Cotypes in collection of Mr. William D. Kearfott.
Very similar in size and general habitus to the two foregoing spe-
cies; so similar that by superficial examination they might all be taken
to represent one species, which, however, the constancy in their dif-
ferences clearly shows that they are not. The present species is
|
|
easily recognized by its peculiarly colored abdomen, as wellas by the
isolated triangular costal black spot.
864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XV,
—
GELECHIA BASQUELLA Chambers. <
er
Oecophora basquella CHAMBrERS, Can. Ent., VII, p. 92. Z
Gelechia basquella Cuampers, Can. Ent., VII, 1875, p. 124.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5729, 1903. %
Gelechia (?) basquella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 87, 142. —
Gelechia (Bryothropha?) basquella WAtstncHaAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soe. Phila., xe |
1882, p. 178. >
Gelechia bosquella Rrtéy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 6329, 1891.—W ausine- |
HAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, p. 75. BE
Gelechia costipunctella Méscuier, Abhand. d. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., X VI, 1889, }
p. 334.—WatsincHam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 519. |
aye
|
Chambers’ type is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- |
bridge, and is identical with specimens in Professor Fernald’s collee- |
tion and in Dr. William Dietz’s collection, named by Lord Walsingham, |
who recorded this species from the West Indies and found the syn- |
onymy with Moschler’s cost¢punctella. |
I have collected this species at tight in the District of Columbia
and found its foodplant and larva there; I have also taken specimens |
in Kentucky, Key West, Florida, Porto Rico, and St. Thomas, West |
Indies. In the National Museum are, besides these specimens, others
from Kansas, Iowa, and Texas.
The species has veins 3 and 4 in the forewings stalked, but agree |
otherwise with the definition of the present genus, and seems close to.
the three foregoing species. Veins 6 and 7 in hindwings are stalked. |
Foodplant.— Cassia chamaecrista. .
The larva is when full-grown about 10 mm. long, with head and {
thoracic shield and feet shining black and with the three thoracic seg-
ments, except anterior part of the third joint, deep purplish red; the |
rest of the body is green, with very small, deep black tubercles emit-
ting short dark hairs.
Dr. Dyar has kindly drawn up the following technical description: |
Larva.—Head rounded, bilobed, full, oblique and retracted; mouth projecting; the |
labium and spinneret prominent; clypeus high, triangular, antennee small; shining!
black, labium, and epistoma pale; width,.6 mm. Body cylindrical, normal; joints 2 to.
3 and 12 to 13 tapering; thoracic feet distinct, the joints black ringed; abdominal feet:
slender, rather small, normal, the crochets in a complete ring about the small, circular |
planta; cervical shield large, transverse, rounded on the posterior corners, shining
black, cut by a fine, faint, pale dorsal line; joints 2 and 3 entirely dark vinous except
the neck in front of the cervical shield; joint 4 in the incisure in front and in a broad
band on the posterior third of the same dark vinous, extending even on the venter.
The white area thus formed on the anterior part of joint 4 on the otherwise uniformly
red thorax appears irregularly edged and lumpy. Rest of body whitish, immaculate, |
greenish from the blood. Tubercles small, round, black but distinct, bearing short, |
stiff, dark sete. On the thorax tubercles ia and ib are separate, iia and iib, iv andy)
united in pairs. On joint 3 the tubercle plates are large of ib, iia iib and iv-+-v, but
on joint 8 they are small, and the paired tubercles stand separate though contiguous; |
on the prothorax the prespiracular and subventral tubercles are large. On the abdo-
men tubercle i is dorsad and cephalad to ii, iii is near to the spiracle, above it, iv and
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 865
vy contiguous, in line, vi subventral posteriorly, vii of three contiguous tubercles on
the anterior side of the leg base, vili on the inner side of the leg base. Spiracles
small, black ringed; anal shield pale brown, distinct; anal feet with brownish outer
shields.
GELECHIA PAULELLA, new species.
Gelechia paulella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 57380, 1903.
Antenne dark brown with indistinct yellowish annulations. Labial
palpi yellowish white with base of second joint and extreme tip of ter-
minal joint brown. Brush well developed undivided face; head and
thorax yellowish white, shoulders dark brown. Forewings shining
dark blackish brown with white markings. Entire dorsal edge white,
this color reaching up the fold except right at base and slightly cross-
ing the fold with an oblase upward projection at apical third of the
wing. Beginning at basal one-fourth of costa and reaching the costal
white part isa sharply defined outwardly directed white fascia. At api-
eal fourth of the wing and nearly perpendicular on the costal edge is
another narrower white fascia, somewhat dilated on the costal edge.
_ Between these two fasciv, at the middle of the wing, is a large nearly
semicircular white costal spot.
Cilia white, sparsely sprinkled with dark brown scales.
The white markings show indistinctly through on the underside of
the wings.
_ Hindwing broader than forewings, silvery pale gray, nearly white;
cilia yellowish.
_ Abdomen light yellowish fuscous. Legs yellowish; tarsi sprinkled
with fuscous.
| Alar expanse.—13 to 23 mm.
Habitat.— Arizona, Colorado.
Type.—No. 6379, U.S.N.M.
This distinct and tine species is described from numerous specimens
collected in Arizona and Colorado and received from several sources
(Schwarz, Dyar, Gillette, Barnes).
_ The specimens vary very much in size, the largest being by far the
commonest, but the ornamentation is constant, and I have no hesitation
in including the small specimens as the same species.
_ The species comes nearest the following and Gelechia packardella
Chambers, but clearly has a quite different ornamentation.
GELECHIA UNIFASCIELLA, new species.
| Gelechia unifasciella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5731, 1903.
| Antenne deep black. Labial palpi with second joint pure white
except the base, which is black on the outside; brush well developed,
longer at base than at apex, not furrowed; terminal joint black,
sprinkled on the outside toward the base with white scales.
| Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 55
i
866 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. —
Face, head, and thorax pure silvery white, patagia black. Fore-_
wings deep bronzy black, with dorsal edge below the fold, from base
to cilia white, and with a white narrow inwardly curved fascia at
apical fourth.
The black part of the wing is found, under a lens, to be slightly
sprinkled with minute bluish white atoms. |
Cilia white sprinkled with black scales. Hindwings broader than
forewings, shining light fuscous, cilia with a yellowish tint.
Abdomen light silvery and purplish fascous, with the two first
joints yellowish above, below sprinkled with white.
Legs purplish black, sprinkled with white scales and with each
joint slightly tipped with white.
Alar expanse.—18 mm.
Flabitat.—Arizona.
Type.—No. 6380, U.S.N.M.
A striking and distinct species near the foregoing, collected at
Williams, Arizona, in July, by Mr. H. 8. Barber.
GELECHIA PACKARDELLA Chambers.
Gelechia packardella CuamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, p. 143; IV,
1878, p. 145.—Rrey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5437, 1891.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5732, 1903.
I have not yet definitely determined this species, the type of which
is lost, but it evidently belongs in this immediate group and will, when
found, easily be identified from the description.
Habitat.—Colorado.
GELECHIA ARISTELLA, new species.
Gelechia aristella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5753, 1903.
Antenne dark, shining brown. Labial palpi with well-developed |
spreading furrowed brush, second joint light canary yellow, terminal }
joint whitish, sprinkled with sparse light fuscous scales. Face, head, ,
and thorax light, clear canary yellow; patagia black. :
Forewings deep purplish black with two conspicious broad longi- |
tudinal canary-yellow streaks; one from base along and immediately |
below the costal edge to apical third; the other, which is broader, from |
base along and including the entire dorsal edge nearly to apex. Cilia |
dark purplish fuscous. |
Hindwings much broader than forewings, light silvery fuscous, cilia |
still a shade lighter. |
Abdomen light purplish gray; anterior joints above velvety yel-|
lowish.
Legs purple, sprinkled with white scales.
Alar expanse.—22 wm.
“No. 1304, REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHUD MOTHS—BUSCK. 867
Habitat.— Arizona.
Type.—No. 6381, U.S.N.M.
Collected in July at Williams, Arizona, by Mr. H. 8. Barber.
This beautiful large species, which can not well be mistaken for any
described American species, may be at once distinguished by the yel-
low coloring and the longitudinal ornamentation.
GELECHIA THORACEALBELLA Chambers.
Gelechia thoracealbella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 235; Cinn. Quart. Journ.
Sei., II, 1875, p. 252; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rixey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5492, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5734, 1903.
Types of this species were examined in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge and found to be identical with specimen in U.S.
National Museum bearing Chambers’ label, Gelechia thoracealbella.
Both are in poor condition, but recognizable from the description,
and unlike any other species known to me.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA MINIMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia minimaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 235.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5735, 1903.
Gelechia minimmaculella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—
Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5410, 1891.
This species, of which the unique type is found in Cambridge, is
very similar to the foregoing, thoracealbella Chambers, but distin-
guished by the small ochreous discal dots.
The type is in comparatively good condition, except lacking the
palpi; but it is unspread, and consequently the venation has not been
examined. Iam, however, quite assured from its general appearance
that it isa true Gelechia. It is a large blackish-brown species with
light ochreous head, thorax, and (according to Chambers) labial palpi.
The very faint small ochreous markings on the forewings are well
described by Chambers.
[Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA OCHREOSUFFUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia ochreosuffusella CuampBers, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 236; Cinn. Quart.
Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 255; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—
Rirey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5430, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5736, 1903.
Gelechia depressostrigella CuamBers, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 236; Bull. U. S.
Geol. Sury., III, 1878, p. 142.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5350,
1891.
Gelechia depussostrigella Cuampers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 255.
Type no. 450 in the U. S. National Museum of depressostrigella is
like the type in Professor Fernald’s collection of that species and
868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXVim
the same as eight types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in
Cambridge labeled by Chambers depressostrigella.
All of these types agree with the description and are undoubtedly
authentic.
So far as known to me no authentic specimen labeled ochreosuf-
fusella is in existence, and the above synonomy is established merely
on Chambers’ evidence.
The two species are described from Texas, one right above the
other,’ and there, Chambers thinks, they are two different species,
though he says that they resemble each other. He writes that the
color of head and palpi are different in the two species, but does not
give the color of one of them (depressostrigel/a), and the color given
for the other suits his own authentic specimens of the first.
Later® he corrects his description somewhat and says that they may
be one and the same species.
As the many types of depressostrigella show some little variation, it
seems under the circumstances admissible to place the two names as
synonyms, thus lessening the previous long list of unknown species.
Should future collecting reveal two closely similar species, which
with sufficient probability can be referred to the two species, then, of
course, the second name should be resurrected and retained for the
species represented by the types.
In the U. S. National Museum, besides the type, there is one speci-
men labeled by Lord Walsingham, Gelechia depressostrigella. ‘This, as
all the types, came from Texas.
GELECHIA STRIATELLA, new species
Gelechia striatella BuscK, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No..5737, 1905.
Antenne shining dark brown, slightly serrate toward the tip.
Labial palpi with well-developed furrowed brush, ocherous white,
thickly sprinkled with black and gray scales, underside of brush nearly
black.
Face whitish; head and thorax clothed with light bluish gray scales,
each scale slightly tipped with black or gray, which produces to the
naked eye a uniform dark-gray color.
Forewings with ground color light whitish gray, thickly sprinkled
with darker gray, brown, and black scales, which are arranged in
indistinct narrow longitudinal darker lines, somewhat more pronounced
in the apical part of the wing, but even there not clearly perceptible
to the naked eye. Along the fold and at the dorsal cilia the wing is
faintly suffused with ocherous. Cilia whitish, sprinkled with black
dots.
'Can. Ent., V1, p. 236.
*Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, p. 255.
No. 1304. REV ‘ISTON OF AMERIC. IN G ELE CHIID MOTHS— BUSCK. 869
Hindwings a little broader than forewings, shining hight ouherous
fuscous; cilia golden gray.
Abdomen metallic yellowish fuscous, underside darker, sprinkled
with black scales.
Forelegs on the outside black, on the inside whitish; tarsi black,
each joint tipped with ocherous. The other legs are light gray, sprin-
kled with black scales; tuft on posterior tibial yellowish.
Alar expanse.—16 to 17.5 mm.
ee bre
Type.—No. 6382, U.S.N.M.
This ae is very near the foregoing, and I have tried hard to
convince myself that it might be ochreosuffusclla (distinct from depres-
sostrigella), but I can not make the description apply.
The light whitish ground color and the fainter striation distinguish
it from Chuang ocherous brown species.
Described from more than forty specimens in good condition, all
from Arizona, and mostly collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz in Santa
Rita Mountains in May.
This large series shows hardly any variation.
GELECHIA OCHREOSTRiGELLA Chambers.
Gelechia ochreostrigella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 247; Can.
dnt., X, 1878, p. 54; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, p. 145.—Ritery, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5431, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5738, 1903.
Not Gelechia ochreostrigella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 126.
Chambers described two different insects under the name Gelechia
ochreostrigella, types of both of which I have examined in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge.
The last described is a Gnor/moschema, and will be found treated
under that genus (p. 831).
The other (the present) species is a typical Gelechia quite similar to
ochreosuffusella, but easily distinguished by its ocherous head and
thorax and the dark, nearly black, basal costal part of the wing.
In the U.S. National Museum is a specimen from California, which
was also the locality of the type.
GELECHIA HIBISCELLA, new species.
Gelechia hibiscella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5739, 1903.
Antenne dark brown, not annulated, slightly serrate toward the tip.
Labial palpi with well-developed spreading brush, yellowish white;
second joint with a few black scales on the outside; terminal joint
with tip and one annulation near base black. :
Face, head, and thorax shining ocherous white; shoulders purplish
black. Costal half of forewings dark brown, in some specimens nearly
870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
black; dorsal half including apex light ocherous brown, in some speci-
mens whitish. The limit between these two parts of the wing is not
very detinite and somewhat variable.
In the dark costal part are found lighter, yellowish brown, irregular
patches, one large indistinct at the middle of the costa, one small |
rather more distinct costal spot at the beginning of the cilia and in
some specimens others not well defined. In the dorsal light part of
the wing are ill-defined darker shadings and the veins are indicated
darker so as to produce a striate effect. On the fold at the basal one-
third is a small nearly black spot which seems to be constant. Like-
wise is a row of black dots around the apical edge constant in all
my specimens. The other markings are more or less varying.
Hindwings a little broader than forewings, light bluish fuscous;
cilia yellowish. Abdomen yellow. Legs dark purple with yellowish
white bars on the outside and with tarsal white annulations.
Alar expanse.—16 to 17 mm.
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
Food plant.—Mibiscus moscheutos.
Type.—No. 6383, U.S.N.M.
This species is quite near to the foregoing species, ochreostrigella
Chambers, but not so conspicuously streaked and with light, dark
annulated, third joint of labial palpi instead of the uniformly dark,
nearly black, terminal joint in ochreostrigella.
I have reared this variable, but always easily recognized species
repeatedly from the common swamp rose mallow.
The larva is rather large when full grown in proportion to the
imago, being 22-23 mm. long and with greatest width 2.2 mm. It is
cylindrical, only slightly tapering fore and back. Head rounded,
shorter than wide, black with reddish brown vertex; width, 1.3 mm.
First thoracic segment somewhat narrower than the following joint,
reddish; thoracic shield biack; width, 1.6 mm.; length, 0.7 mm.;
straight in front and nearly straight posteriorly. Second thoracic
segment dark reddish, with anterior part white above. Third thoracie
segment and the rest of the body white; on the posterior half of this
joint begin six wavy narrow interrupted longitudinal dark reddish dor-
sal lines, which run through on all the rest of the segments. These
lines are darker in the young larvee, which otherwise are like the full-
erownlarve. ‘Tubercles shining deep black, bearing short black hairs;
they are arranged conspicuously on the white part between the dark
lines. Ventral part of the abdominal segments white. Thoracic feet
black; abdominal prolegs normal, white, with a complete circle of
brownish hooks. .
The larva feeds on the leaves or in the capsules, generally in large
numbers together; when ready to pupate they partially bite off one or
/
|
yo.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 871
more leaves, which thus dry ‘up and crumple and afford convenient
shelter; or others find room in the dried fruit or between it and the
large surrounding calyx. The species overwinters as larva, and two
generations are found in this locality, the imagoes issuing from the
hibernated larva in May and from the summer brood in August.
GELECHIA COCKERELLI, new species.
Gelechia cockerelli Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5740, 1903.
Antenna dark brown with indistinct yellow annulations. Labial
palpi are long and slender, brush on second joint only slightly devel-
oped; white with a few dark scales; terminal joint somewhat darker,
yellowish. Face yellowish white. Head and thorax rust yellow,
thorax with three longitudinal blackish lines.
Forewings light yellowish brown, with dark blackish brown mark-
ings; on dorsal edge near base is a large dark brown patch, therein
differing from the foregoing similar ochreostrigella Chambers and
hibiscella Buseck, which both have dorsal base light, but costal base
dark; in the present species the costal base is of the general color of
the wing. At apical third is a blackish ill-defined costal spot, which
runs out in a dark shade across the wing. Just before this spot is
another smaller, more sharply defined costal blackish spot. Along
the veins and in the disk are longitudinal dark lines, sharpest and
darkest in the apical part of the wing, and each terminating at the
base of the cilia in a deep black spot. These longitudinal streaks are
interrupted at the end of the cell by a short thin perpendicular deep
black streak, followed by a short light brown space. Cilia reddish yel-
low, slightly sprinkled with black.
Hindwings broader than forewings, yellowish fuscous; cilia yel-
lowish.
Abdomen light brown. Legs light brown shaded with darker brown;
tarsi blackish with each joint tipped with yellow.
Alar expanse. —15 to 16.5 mm.
[abitat.—New Mexico, Arizona.
Type.—No. 6384, U.S.N.M.
Collected at light in May in Mesilla Park, New Mexico, by Mr.
T. D. A. Cockerell, after whom I take pleasure in naming this species.
Also collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz at Catalina Springs, Arizona, in
April.
GELECHIA VARIABILIS, new species.
Gelechia variabilis Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5741, 1903.
The insects which I shall describe under this name and as varieties
of this species represent, in my opinion, undoubtedly only one species,
but is the most variable Gelechiid with which I am acquainted (except
872 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
it be Ypsolophus ligulellus Hiibner), and it will be necessary to describe
at least some of the varieties separately.
It has seemed reasonable to me that one or more varieties of this
evidently common Western species should have been described by
Chambers as one or more species, and I have especially carefully com-
pared this species with the descriptions of his several unrecognized
species, but Iam unable to find any which I could make apply and
feel justified in adopting the name of.
The specimens which I regard as typical may be recognized from
the following:
Antenne brown, with indistinct lighter annulations. Labial palpi
slender; second joint whitish, suffused with brown; the brush only
slightly developed, but divided and with a longitudinal dark streak in
the middle; terminal joint nearly uniform dark fuscous, the whitish
ground color being entirely covered.
Face, head, and thorax light ochreous gray. Forewings light gray-
ish yellow, slightly brownish toward the tip and with blackish brown
longitudinal lines from base to apex, following the veins and becoming
heavier and more blackish toward apex. Three short more pro-
nounced heavy black longitudinal lines independent of the others are
very conspicuous and are found, although modified in all the varieties;
the first and shortest at base just within dorsal margin; the second on
the fold, also starting more or less clearly from the base, but reaching
its characteristic thickness and tone outside the first line and ending
as a heavy line just before the middle of the wing, though after con-
tinued as one of the general thin lines to the dorsal apical edge. The
third line is midway between the fold and the costal edge and begins
at the middle of the wing and reaches to the end of the cell; also
continued as one of the fainter lines from base to apex.
Cilia gray. Hindwings as broad as forewings, yellowish fuscous;
cilia yellowish. Abdomen light yellowish brown. Legs yellowish
without any markings.
Variety a.—The three prominent longitudinal black streaks are
intact, but the other longitudinal lines are nearly or quite obsolete.
The color of the forewings below the three biack lines is dark choco-
late brown, the color above the lines whitish purple, the two colors
standing sharply against each other, separated by the black lines.
The color of head and thorax is correspondingly dark brown.
Variety b.— Ground color of forewings more whitish, thickly suf-
fused with dark brown and gray single scales. The three heavy black
longitudinal streaks are present, but with a tendency to break up in
shorter streaks or totally disappear, especially the first and the third,
which are represented as one, two, or three longitudinal dots.
The other longitudinal lines are obsolete, except right around apex,
where they are indicated by a series of short indistinct streaks at base
of the cilia.
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 873
Besides these two extreme varieties all intermediate forms occur
between them and what I call the normal form. While single speci-
mens of the extreme varieties might easily be taken for different
species and while absolute proof to the opposite can not be obtained
except through breeding, I have no doubt but that they all belong
to one variable species.
Alar expanse.—19 to 20 mm.
Habitat.—California, Colorado.
Type.—No. 6385, U.S.N.M.
Described from some 20 specimens of all varieties in the U.S.
National Museum; many others have been examined in the collections
ot Messrs. Dietz, Kearfott, and Gillette.
GELECHIA TRILINEELLA Chambers.
Gelechia trilineelia CHAMBERS, Bull U. 8. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 125; IV, 1878,
p. 147.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5499, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5742, 1903.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge I found six
types of this species, authenticated by Chambers’ labels and agreeing
with his description. They are all, however, much faded. A fresh
specimen in U. S. National Museum, which I have compared with the
types, exhibits the detail of the description better. Similar good
specimens I have examined in Dr. Dietz’s collection, determined inde-
pendently by him from the description.
Habitat.—Colorado, Arizona.
GELECHIA BIANULELLA Chambers.
Oeceseis bianulella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Scei., 1875, p. 225; Bull. U.S.
Geol. Surv., IV, p. 159; Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1880, p. 202, fig.
15.—RILey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5579, 1891.
Gelechia bianulella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5743, 1903.
Gelechia? ocellella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., ITI, 1877, p. 126.
Gelechia ocelella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., [V, 1878, p. 145.—Rtey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5428, 1891.
I have examined type of Gelechia ocellella in Professor Fernald’s
collection and types of the same in Cambridge Museum; they are
identical and agree with his description.
The synonomy with Oeseis biannulella 1 did not discover before I
saw in Dr. Dietz’s collection a specimen labeled by Lord Walsingham
Oeseis biannulella. No authentic specimen from Chambers of this
species exists, but I have no doubt that the specimen is rightly named
by Lord Walsingham, as it faithfully agrees with Chambers’ descrip-
tion, and if so it is the same as Gelechia ocellella. The description
of the two species are nearly identical and could well both have been
drawn from the same specimen.
874 ° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
GELECHIA DISCOOCELLELLA Chambers.
Gelechia discoocellella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 194.—BuscKx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5744, 1903.
Gelechia discoocelella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 281.
Gelechia discoocella CuAmMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., 1875, II, p. 237; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 148.—Ritry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5355, 1891.
Gelechia discooecella CoquitLET, Papilio, IIT, 1883, p. 98.
Gelechia discocella Drerz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, 1900, p. 474.
Gelechia violaceofusca ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873,
p. 258.—CHamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 148.—Riey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5510, 1891.
Zeller omitted to mention in his description of w/olaceofusea the
ocellate spot at the end of the cell, which, though very indistinct in
some lights, is plainly found in his unique well-preserved type in the
Cambridge Museum. ‘This type is a male and the spot is not nearly so
prominent in this sex as in the females.
It is clearly the same species as represented by Chambers’ four types
of discoocellella also found in the Cambridge Museum and answering
to his description of that species.
Chambers’ name has precedence.
The ocellate spot at the end of the cell, as well as the lighter streak
below the fold, are, as Chambers observed, somewhat variable, and
especially in the males, indistinct; but the glossy violet sheen and the
abruptly cut forewings makes this species easily recognized.
In the U. S. National Museum and in the collections of Professor
Fernald and Dr. Dietz are specimens determined by Lord Walsingham
as Gelechia (Trichotaphe) discoocellella. The species has, it is true,
some general resemblance to the genus 77ichotuphe, but palpi and vena-
tion place it in Gelechia.
Mr. Coquillet has given its food plant as Polygonum. This agrees
with a note from Miss Murtfeld that she reared the types from smart-
weed, Polygonum hydropiperoides, not, as Chambers wrote,' ‘* small
weed.”
This species has a noteworthy color resemblance with another poly-
gonum-feeding Tineid, Aristotelia absconditella Walker (p. 801).
It has a wide distribution; Chambers recorded it from Kentucky
and Texas; Zeller from Texas; Coquillet from Illinois; in U.S. National
Museum are specimens from Kansas (Crevecceur), [linois (Barnes),
Pennsylvania (Dietz), District of Columbia (Busck).
GELECHIA ANARSIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia anarsiella CHamBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, p. 126.—RitEy,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5310, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5745, 1903. ;
1Cin. Quart. Journ. Se., II, 1875, p. 237
Oe le a eb ele (ie ciel
AME Dida aha ger
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 875
On the label of the type of this species in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology in Cambridge is a note in Frey’s handwriting:
After the palpi it is an Ypsolophus.—Frey.
It is true that the brush on second joint of labial palpi is strongly
developed, but not in the long projecting pointed fashion found in
Ypsolophus; it is a large divided spreading brush, just like that found
in Gelechia (Oecese/s) bianulella Chambers, and I do not consider it of
generic value, but merely the extreme development of the brush as
commonly found in Gelechia, with which genus anarsiella also agrees
in venation and general habitus.
In U. S. National Museum is an identical specimen labeled by
Chambers; there is also a fine specimen bred by Dr. Harrison G. Dyar
from Ceanothus in Colorado.
According to Dr. Dyar, the larva hides in a silken tube in a folded
leaf, or between leaves."
GELECHIA PRAVINOMINELLA Chambers.
Gelechia quadrimaculella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 290;
3ull. U.S. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 128.
Gelechia pravinominella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 50; Bull. U.S. Geol.
Sury., IV, 1878, p. 146; Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5451, 1891;
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5746, 1903.
Not Gelechia quadrimaculella Cuampers, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 237 (see Ana-
campsis rhoifructella, p. 845).
As this species, the type of which is lost, I have identified a speci-
men which agrees with Chambers’ short description and which was
taken in the same locality from where Chambers’ type came.
It was bred by Dr. Dyar from cottonwood in Colorado."
GELECHIA BARNESIELLA, new species.
Gelechia barnesiella Buscx} Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5747, 1903.
Antenne simple dark fuscous. Labial palpi very long, slender;
brush on second joint short and even; second joint whitish, sometimes
with a rose tint, sprinkled with brown; terminal joint long, but shorter
than the very long second joint, thin, pointed, whitish, sprinkled with
black and dark brown. Head brown, loosely scaled, nearly tufted,
and with a peculiar strong pointed horny frontal protuberance. Face
somewhat lighter.
Forewings brown, of a somewhat variable shade in different speci-
mens, from a reddish or deep purple brown to a lighter ashy or yel-
lowish brown. At base of costa is a dark blackish spot, sometimes
continued into an obscure oblique streak across the wing. On the
middle of the disk is a short oblique blackish streak, and just below
this another similar but fainter streak, together forming an arrow-
—_— —-
1Described by Dr. Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, p. 407.
876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
head pointing toward the tip of the wing. At the end of the disk is
a short perpendicular blackish streak edged with light scales. A little
before apical third is a large, dark, ill-defined costal spot; on apposite
on the dorsal edge is another similar spot. Around apical edge is a
series of blackish spots, with the intervening spaces rather lighter than
the general color of the wing.
Hindwines as broad as forewings, light silvery fuscous. Abdomen
light yellowish brown. Legs whitish fuscous speckled with darker
brown, each joint of tarsi tipped with white.
Alar expanse.—22 to 27 mm.
Habitat.—Colorado.
Type.—No. 6386, U.S.N.M.
Described from some thirty specimens collected by Dr. W. Barnes,
in honor of whom the species is named, and by Messrs. Gillette and
Schwarz.
The ornamentation is sometimes not very distinct, and the ground
color shows some variation in shade, but the species is quite different
from any described and easily recognized by its size, the very long
evenly brushed palpi, and especially by the peculiar frontal horn, which
is found both in the males and females. It is found also in a less
marked degree in Gelechia variabilis Busck (p. 871).
GELECHIA LINDENELLA, new species.
Gelechia lindenella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5748, 1903.
Antenne light yellow, black at base and indistinctly annulated with
dark fuscous. Labial palpi with brush short and even; terminal
joint as long as second; ocherous white, sprinkled with black scales;
tip of terminal joint black. Face white; head and thorax light
ocherous. Forewings light ocherous, sprinkled with darker ocherous
and black scales, especially along dorsal edge and toward apex, where
the dark scales are arranged in indistinct longitudinal streaks between |
the veins. There are three black or very dark brown equidistant
costal spots, one near the base, one at apical third, and one between
these two. The one nearest base is the smallest, the next somewhat
larger, and the outermost the largest. Just below this last is, at the
end of the disk, an inconspicuous short and thin perpendicular line.
On the middle of the wing is an inconspicuous dark brown dot, and
just below on the fold is a similar dot. Around the apical edge is
an indistinct row of small diffused blackish dots at base of cilia.
Hindwings fully as wide as forewings, yellowish white. Abdomen
ocherous fuscous. Legs ocherous, sprinkled with black. Tarsi black
with each joint tipped with yellow.
Alar expanse.—13 to 17 mm.
Tlabitat.—Texas, Colorado, Arizona.
Type.—No. 6387, U.S.N.M.
no.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIUD MOTHS—BUSCK. S77
Described from many Texan specimens, from Mr. William Beuten-
miiller’s collection, and from specimens collected by Messrs. E. A.
Schwarz and H. $. Barber in Colorado and Arizona.
It isa very distinct species, recognized by the pale color and the
three black costal spots. The ornamentation recalls /p/thect/s bicos-
tomaculella Chambers [p. 817. |
GELECHIA DYARIELLA, new species.
Gelechia dyariella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5749, 1903.
Antenne whitish fuscous, indistinctly annulated with darker fuscous.
Labial palpi with normal well-developed brush; terminal joint shorter
than second; whitish suffused with bluish black scales on the outside;
brush and terminal joint nearly black. Face white with a few light
fuscous scales. Ground color of head, thorax, and forewings whitish,
but so heavily overlaid with dark fuscous and bluish black scales as to
give the appearance to the naked eye of dark gray. At the base is an
oblique, ill-defined, obscure, blackish streak; on the middle of the wing
ds a black oval dot followed by a short space of pure white; at apical
third is a large transverse blackish area across the wing, edged on the
outside by a narrow zigzag white fascia. Hindwings as broad as fore-
wings, light silvery fuscous, darker toward apex; cilia yellowish fus-
cous. Abdomen silvery gray; first segments velvety yellow on upper
side; under side white. Legs white, profusely sprinkled with bluish
black scales.
Alar expanse.—\14 to 18 mm.
Lood plant.—Cottonwood.
Habitat.—Colorado.
Type.—No. 6388, U.S.N.M.
An obscurely marked species near the following, Gelechia albispar-
sella. Described from a large series bred by Dr. Dyar, who has given
me the following notes on the larva:
Larva.—Resembling the larva of Nycteola (Sarrothripa). Slender, thorax and
joint 13 smaller than the other segments, submoniliform; head whitish testaceous,
darker in the sutures and vertex, ocelli black. Body all rather opaque soft green,
the incisures folded, dorsal vessel dark green, male glands whitish, small. Cervical
shield like the body, but more shining and luteous tinted; feet normal, pale; joint
15 dorsally dark punctate. Tubercles ia and ib separate, iia+iib, iv+-v, the latter on
both thorax and abdomen.
On cottonwood, Denver, Colorado. Folding up a young leaf by uniting the edges
around the margin so that it forms a bag or box; solitary. The laryz turned pink
on leaving the bags to spin. Imago July 3.
GELECHIA ALBISPARSELLA Chambers.
Depressaria albisparsella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 92 and p. 128.
Cirrha platanella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 146; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury.,
IV, 1878, pp. 118, 146.—Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5285, 1891.
Gelechia albisparsella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5750, 1903.
878 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Two undoubtedly authentic types of this species labeled by Cham-
bers, Cirrha platanella, are found in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge and prove that the genus Cirrha, which can
hardly be said to have been characterized by Chambers’ few lines of
general remarks, is synonymous with (e/echia. Chambers changed
his specific name when he discovered the food plant, which was not
admissible, and the species must be known under its original specific
name.
Food plant.— Plantanus occidentalis.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
GELECHIA UNCTULELLA Zeller.
Gelechia unctulella ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien., X XIII, 1873,
p. 257.—CuampBers, Bull. U. 8S. Geoi. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rimey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5503, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5751, 1903.
The unique type in good condition is in Cambridge Museum.
Zeller mentions only two black dots, one on the disk and one at the
end of the disk, and says: ‘*Andere Zeichnungen fehlen.” These two
spots are the most prominent and the only ones seen in certain lights
against the nearly black general color of the wing, but as a matter of
fact there is, as type also shows, three other smatler black spots on the
fold and one more on the disk. All of the spots, however, are quite
indistinct.
In the U. 8. National Museum is a very large bred series of this
species from Colorado and Arizona, bred respectively by Dr. H. G.
Dyar and Mr. E. A. Schwarz from Thermopsis and from Lobinia.
Dr. Dyar has pubiished his notes on the larva."
According to Mr. Schwarz, this species is at some places so abun- |
dant as to do actual damage, spinning up every leaflet of the Robinia. |
GELECHIA OBSCUROOCELELLA Chambers.
Gelechia obscuroocelella CHAMBERS, Cin. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 254; Buil.
U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., j
No. 5424, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5752, 1903.
Type of this species is lost, and no authentic specimen is found, but
I have with little hesitation determined from description as this
species a specimen from San Antonio, Texas, collected in May, which
in every respect agrees with Chambers’ description, and which, I |
have no doubt, truly represents this species.
GELECHIA VERSUTELLA Zeller.
Gelechia versutella ZeuLER, Verh. k. k. zooi.—bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIIi, 1873,
p. 253.—Cuampers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., TV, 1878, p. 148.—Buscx, Dyar’s |
List Amer. Lep., No. 5753, 1903. :
1 Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXV, 1902, p. 407.
no. 134. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS-—BUSCK. 879
The unique type a this species is fandie in the Cambridge Miaceer
in excellent condition. A good bred series in the U.S. National
Museum carefully compared with the type bears the designation
“U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Insectary, Nos. 4232 and 5786,” and the
corresponding records show that it has been bred twice, first from
larva skeletonizing leaves of cottonwood, received from El Paso,
Texas, in November, 1887, from which the moths issued in January
next year. The note on the larva is very short:
Greenish white, with a pink blush on dorsal surface.
Secondly, it was received in July, 1893, from Jetsam, Wyoming,
with the report that the larve were extremely injurious to cotton-
wood. With this is the following note on the tarva:
Head pale brown, with posterior margin black; body pale yellowish white without
any markings. The moths issued July 3 to 8.
The Texan specimens average a little lighter and smaller than those
from Wyoming, but they are undoubtedly same species. The type,
although from Texas, agrees with the darker Wyoming specimens.
Finally, there is in the National Museum one specimen of this species,
bred by Dr. Dyar from cottonwood in Colorado.
This species is extremely similar to the following in ornamentation
and easily mixed with it. The palpi, however, give a good distin-
euishing character. In the present species the brush is normal and
well developed, longer at base than at apex of second joint, while
Grelechia lynceella has a very short and even brush. The palpi also
show color differences as pointed out by Zeller.
}
ae lynceella ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X-XIIT, 1873,
p- 255.—CHaAmBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Rtney,
Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5403, 1891.—Busckx, Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5754, 1903.
: GELECHIA LYNCEELLA Zeller.
Type is found in good conaition in sae Cambridge Museum. I have
met with no other specimen. Very similar to the foregoing.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA BICOSTOMACULELLA Chambers.
Depressaria bicostomaculella Cuampers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 127, 147; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 138.
Adrasteia quercifoliella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 206; V, 1873, p. 174.
Gelechia quercifoliella, CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 146.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5461, 1891.
Psoricoptera gibbosella CHAMBERS (not Stainton), Can. Ent., 873, p. 72.
Gelechia bicostomaculella Drerz, Smith’s List Ins. N. Jersey, is p. 474.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5755 1903
Not Gelechia bicostomaculella CuameBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., IIT, 1877, p.
E 127; IV, 1878, p. 141.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5322, 1891.
S80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXV._
The second species which Charibers described! sal @elechia becsaeae
maculella from Colorado is an Ep/thectis and is treated on p. 817_
under that genus.
Of the present species no authentic type is in existence, but in the
U.S. Nationai Museum are two specimens determined by Lord Wal-
singham, and similar specimens in the collection of Dr. Dietz and
Professor Fernald, also determined as bicostomaculella by Lord Wal-
singham. Some of these specimens are bred by Miss Murtfeldt from
oak, and bear her breeding number 174 M. Miss Murtfeldt thinks this
the true b/costomaculella, and as it agrees with Chambers’ description
it seems altogether probable that this truly is that species.
The species is near the following and Gelechia vernella Murtfeldt,
but has raised scales on the forewings, in which character, as well as
in the stalked veins 6 and 7 in the hindwings and the slightly parted
€
veins 3 and 4 it approaches the genus 7e/phusa.
GELECHIA NIGRIMACULELLA, new species.
, smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5418, 1891.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5756, 1903. ~
Gelechia nigrimaculella RiuEy
In Riley’s List of Tineina is found, under no. 5418, the name Ge/echia
nigrimaculella Chambers, and in U.S. National Museum is a large
apparently bred series labeled with this same name. But no deserip-
tion has ever been printed of the insect, which I now describe under
the old manuscript name given by Chambers.
Antenne dark fuscous. Labial palpi with normal well-developed
brush; ocherous strongly suffused with black except tips of second
and third joint, which are clear ocherous. Face, head, and thorax
brownish sprinkled with fuscous and blackish scales. Ground color
of forewings whitish fuscous but obscured by a liberal sprinkling of
dark-brown and black scales. An ill-defined longitudinal streak below
costal edge is whitish; costal edge nearly Blacce on the middle of the
disk is an oblique short black dash, and just below this a similar one.
At apical third is an obscure outwardiy angulated narrow white fascia,
and just before this is a costal and a dorsal blackish spot nearly om
ing each other. Cilia whitish.
Hindwing as broad as forewings, light fuscous, darker toward tip.
Abdomen yellowish fuscous above, below white. Legs whitish sprin-
kled with black; tarsal joints black tipped with white.
Alar cexpanse.—13 to 15 min.
Halbitat.—New York, New Jersey.
Type.—No. 6389 U.S.N.M.
Very close to the Californian Gelechia occidentella Chambers, buf
differing by its dark face. Described from many specimens collected
by Mr. William Beutenmiiller, and found in U. S. National Museum
labeled ** Gelechia nigrimaculella Chambers.”
Mie fg gn
xo.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 881
GELECHIA MACULIMARGINELLA Chambers.
Gelechia maculimarginella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 241.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5757, 1903. i
Gelechia maculomarginella CuamBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 144.—
Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5405, 1891.
_ Authentic types of this species are found in eg: Fernald’s
collection and in the Cambridge Museum; the latter are in miserable
‘condition, but agree with Professor Fernald’s type as far as can be
made out and with Chambers’ descriptions. I have bred large series
of this species in the District of Columbia and vicinity. The larv:
feeds on different kinds of oak, and there are at least two generations
in this locality. The larva is among the earliest found in the spring
(April) in the half- developed unfolded leaves or buds.
The imago of this brood is in the middle of May. In June there is
a second brood feeding between two spun-together leaves; imagoes
issue in the latter part of July.
Very probably there is a third autumn brood, which either overwin-
ter and lay eggs in early spring, in the swelling leaf buds, or which lay
their eggs on the bud, all re fe in the autumn.
The easily recognized larva is slender and very agile. Head and
"thoracic plate polished jet black; first and second thoracic seoments deep
| purple, third, lighter purple with anterior half white. Abdominal
segments whitish with four (two on each side) longitudinal purple
tines connected on each joint by a broad purple band, Benen sends two
small dorsal projections forward into the white part on each joint.
_ Thoracic feet and anal plate black; length of full-grown larva 14
_mm.; width of head 0.9 mm.
_ This species as well as Gelechia vernella and Gelechia bicostomaculella
have the hairs on vein Lb in the hindwings of the :-ale strongly devel-
oped, resembling a tuft or pencil of long blackish hairs.
GELECHIA BIMINIMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia biminimaculella CuamMpBers, Cinn. Journ. Nat. Hist., LI, 1880, p. 183.—
Riuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5327, 1891.—Buscr, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5758, 1903.
_ The type in Cambridge Museum of this species, with Chambers’
label on the pin and agreeing with his description, was found to be
identical with a series in U. S. National Museum bred from oak in
Missouri by Miss Murtfeldt, and determined by her as this species.
Thave not met with other specimens.
GELECHIA PSEUDOACACIELLA Chambers.
Depressaria pseudoacaciella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, pp. 9, 107, 129, 147, 148.
Gelechia pseudoacaciella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1874, p. 208; Geol.
; Surv. Bull. U. 8., IV, 1878, p. 146; Psyche, III, 1880, p. 65.—RiLey, Smith’s
_ List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5453, 1891.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—- 02
D6
882 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. 9
Gelechia cexcella ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell., Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 252.— |
CuHaAmbeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 142.—Rixkry, Smith’s List j
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5331, 1891. i
Of this very common insect, the larva of which was shortly described |
by Chamibers, there is a large series in U. 5. National Museum, among
which are specimens determined by Chambers and by Lord Walsing- |
ham. I have repeatedly bred it from Pobinia pseudacacia around
Washington, and I have seen it from most of the Eastern States.
The specimens, which Riley bred from wild cherry, and which —
Chambers could not distinguish from pseudoacaciella,' are still in U.S.
National Museum and belong to another perfectly distinct though
quite similar species, described in this paper as Gelechia serotinella,
I am indebted to Lord Walsingham for the synonymy of Zeller’s
Gelechia cecella, type of which is in his possession and which he has
given me his manuscript notes on.
The description fully bears out this synonymy.
GELECHIA SEROTINELLA, new species.
Gelechia serotinella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5760, 1902.
Gelechia pseudoacaciella CHAMBERS, Psyche, III, 1880, p. 65.
Antenne shining purplish black, with very narrow white indistinet
annulations; labial palpi with second joint above whitish, strongly
sprinkled with black scales; under side of the well-developed brush
black; terminal joint black, with extreme tip and a few scattered scales_
white.
Face whitish, overlaid with dark purple. Head and thorax clothed |
with mixed white and purplish black scales, the latter predominating;
forewings dark, black and white scales irregularly mixed, but the
black prevailing; in a narrow longitudinal streak along but below,
costal edge dark-brown scales are also freely intermixed, giving that)
part of the wing a perceptible chocolate-brown shade. At the end of}
this streak at apical fourth the white scales congregate in an ill-detined
costal white spot, which is connected with an opposite equally ill-
defined dorsal white spot by a wavering interrupted narrow white
fascia. Cilia dark fuscous, intermixed with white and with two faint
blackish lines parallel with the edge of the wing.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, dark shining fuscous; cilia, light
fuscous; abdomen above on the first segments velvety yellowish brown;
the other segments and under side very dark shining fuscous; legs
with white and dark purple scales intermixed; posterior tibia on the
outside black, with two white bars, on the inside silvery white; tarsal
joints black, tipped with white.
Alar expanse.—16 to 21 mm.
Food plant.— Prunus serotina.
1 Psyche, III, 1880, p. 65. j
'N0.130 REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. S83
Labitat. =Wiseriet of C plumbia: Colorado.
Type.—No. 6390, U.S.N.M.
The species is very near the foregoing, pseudoacaciella, and it was
very natural that Chambers, from the imago alone, should identify it
as that species; but it is a larger and darker insect, without the whit-
ish costal area found in pseudoacaciella.
The egg of this species is laid on the upper side at the tip of a leaf
of wild cherry. The young larva spins together the edges of the leaf,
and as it grows it folds gradually the entire leaf into a roomy abode,
the open end of which it covers with a glistening white, thickly woven
sheet of silk. In this cell the larva lives in a black tube made from
its own frass and spun firm by silk, and it feeds under the protecting
sheet of silk, which is gradually enlarged and moved outward as new
feeding ground is needed. The larva is very timid and retreats at
the least disturbance into its tube of frass, which it, when full grown,
forms into an oval cocoon, in which it pupates. The imago issues
within the cell and breaks through the sheet of silk.
The larva is very similar to that of pseudoacactella, When *young
it has a black head and thoracic shield, body dirty greenish white,
darkest on the under side, and with two narrow longitudinal dark-
brown dorsal lines and four (two on each side side) broader lateral
lines through all the segments.
When full grown the larva measures 20-24 mm. in length, with
head 1.6 mm. broad. Head and thoracic shield is then light brown,
the ground color of the body more nearly white, and the stripes more
reddish.
Dr. Dyar, who has bred this insect from larva with identical habits
in Colorado, has kindly given me the following technical description
of the larva:
Head broad, red-brown, sutures and ocellar area blackish. Body purple brown
with white stripes, narrower than the intervening spaces; irregular dorsal line, sub-
dorsal (over tubercles iand ii), lateral (over iii), and broken, broad, distinct, subven-
tral (over iv-++y and yi). Feet brownish; cervical shield black behind and shad-
ing to sordid white before, rather transparent on anterior rim; prespiracular tubercle
black. Tubercles small, brown. Thoracic feet black; anal plate luteous; setze fine
and pale; abdominal feet reddish, those of joint 13 partly pale.
In the locality of Washington there are two annual generations.
The young larvee are first found in May, and in early June they are
full grown and already pupated. Imagoes issue late in July and early
; = i g J 3
in August, and lay their eggs soon after, producing the second gener-
ation, which overwinters as full-grown larva in its cocoon and issues
as imago next spring.
The peculiar life mode of the larva and its elaborate architecture
reminded me at once, when I found it two years ago, of Clemens’
description of his genus Catastega, which was founded solely on the
884 PROCEEDINGS OF ae NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXv.
habit of the larva. As Dr. Dyar has since shown,' this genus must be
included in the Tortricid, and has nothing to do with the present
species; but the life mode is identical with that described by Clemens,
and illustrates how dangerous it is to rely on earlier stages alone in
making new specific and generic groups.
GELECHIA VERNELLA Murtfeldt.
wu Sa Pubic es
Gelechia formosella Murtretpr (not Hiibner), Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 243.8
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5364, 1891. i
Gelechia vernella Murtretptr, Can. Ent., XV, 1883, p. 1389.—Riney, Smith's List—
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5508, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5761,_
|
1903. '
Cotypes of this species are in U.S. National Museum, and I have
obtained additional material through the kindness of Miss Mary
Murtfeldt. |
hood plant.—Oak.
[abitat.—Missourl.
I have not recognized this species from other localities.
GELECHIA SEQUAX Haworth. ;
Recarvaria sequax Haworrn, Lepidoptera Brit., 1829, p. 552.
Gelechia (Teleia) sequax SraAuDINGER and REBEL, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, No. 2741,—
1901.—Zetuer, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 265.—
CuHAmBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 147.—RiLby, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5478, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5762,
1903.
This European species was included in the American list, on Zeller’s
authority, from Massachusetts. .
I have not met with any specimen from America, and it seems prob-
able that some mistake was made in the labeling of Zeller’s specimen |
or in his determination.
In the U.S. National Museum is a good series of European specimens.
The larva lives, according to Meyrick, in spun shoots of //el2-|
anthemum.
GELECHIA OCCIDENTELLA Chambers.
Gelechia occidentella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 246; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Rimey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5427, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5763, 1903.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, in Cambridge, are found
three probably authentic types of this species. They are true Gelechia
and can be recognized also specifically, although they are in poor con-
dition and have lost their palpi. I have met with no specimens exactly
like them. 4
fHabitat.—California.
ae
See p. 852,
brew vem
the
0.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. S85
GELECHIA MEDIOFUSCELLA Clemens.
Gelechia mediofuscella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, 1863, pp. 11, 121; Stain-
ton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 218, 224.—CHampBeErs, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 144.—Rriry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5407, 1891.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5764, 1905. :
Gelechia vagella WaLKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 596.—
WaALsIncHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p. 178.—Rinery, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5506, 1891.
Depressaria fuscoochrella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 106, 129, 147, 148.
Gelechia fuscoochrella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 148.
_Gelechia (Lita) lUturosella ZeutEr, Verk. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII,
1873, p. 265.—CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.
To Lord Walsingham is due the credit for the entire synonymy. I
am indebted to him for his manuscript note that mediofuscella should
_ be added to the already published synonymy, which the description also
bears out.
It is a common species in the District of Columbia, which I have
taken in numbers in very early spring (March, April), and again in
July.
Its life history is unknown as yet, but a clew may be found ina
specimen which issued, April 25, from old, dry cornstalks collected
and placed in breeding case the previous fall. This specimen was per-
fect and seemingly fresh, but not having observed the larva, I am
unable to say with certainty that it was not an overwintering moth or
that the larva accidentally had found a convenient pupating place in
the cornstalks.
| GELECHIA WALSINGHAMI Dietz,
Pseudochelaria walsinghami Dirrz, Ent. News, X1, 1900, p. 352, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Gelechia walsinghami WatsincHamM and Durrant, Ent. Mo. Mag., XX XVIII,
1902, p. 28.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5765, 1903.
Through the kindness of Dr. Dietz I have examined his types of
this species and the National Museum possesses several cotypes. It
is a typical Gelechia, which was placed by error in an unpublished
manuscript genus of Lord Walsingham’s, thereby spoiling the name
| Pseudochelaria for future application to the intended—to me
unknown—genus.
Food plant.—Rh Us typhosa.
Labitat.—Pennsylvania.
GELECHIA PENNSYLVANICA Dietz.
ro
Pseudochelaria pennsylvanica Dierz, Ent. News, XI, 1900, p. 353, pl. 1,
WALSINGHAM, Ent. Mo. Mag., XX XVIII, 1901, p. 29.
Gelechia pennsylvanica Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5766, 1903.
ch
79
|
As this species must be credited to Dr. Dietz it was proper that he
S86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXV.
should deserine it, and he has kindly handed me the following deserip-
tion of the moth which he figured.’
Ashen gray, palpi with third joint longer than second, latter dark brownish at
base externally, former dusted with fuscous, base and extreme apex white. Antennz
faintly annulate with fuscous. Thorax with dark-brown spot posteriorly. Forewings
marked with dark rich brown as follows: A trapezoidal space at base sharply limited |
externally by an oblique line nearer the base at the dorsal margin and slightly con-
cave toward the apex. This space is separated from the costal margin by a pale
area. An irregular stripe extends through the entire wing to apex, shading off
vradually toward the costa. A transverse pale line at the beginning of the cilia,
oblique in its dorsal half, concave toward the apex in its costal part. Apical part of
wing with dark lines. Cilia gray with two dark lines. Posterior wings pale fuscous.
Underside paler. Legs, except posterior pair, fuscous, annulated with black.
Alar expanse.—17 mm.
Habitat.—Hazleton, Pennsylvania.
Type.—In Dietz’s collection.
Described from a single specimen taken at light. Closely allied to Gelechia wal-
singhami Dietz.
I have seen no other specimen of this species which, in my judg-
ment, is a true Gelechia, and not what it was supposed to be, the type
of Pseudochelaria Walsingham manuscript.
GELECHIA TEPHRIASELLA Chambers.
Gelechia tephriasella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, p. 68; Cinn. Quart. Journ.
Sci., II, 1875, p. 253; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—WatsInG-
HAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p. 181.—RuiLry, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5490, 1891. Ans K, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5767,
1963.
No authentic type of this species exists, but in the U.S. National
Museum is a specimen which has on the pin one of Chambers’ pill-
box labels with Gelechia tephriasella in his handwriting. This speci-
men consists of only thorax and the two forewings, but these latter
agree with Chambers’ Sees and the specimen presumably truly
represents this species
While the genus can not be determined with certainty from these
two forewings, the species appears to belong near the following, a
probability which is strengthened by Chambers’ description and his }
observation’ that this species reminded him of grissefusciella (conclusella |
Walker).
However, the generic determination must stand only for what it is,
liable to change through future evidence.
The venation in the forewings is normal 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked,
rest separate (not as in the following with veins 3 and 4 stalked). The
peculiar coloration of the antennz described by Chambers should ||
make recognition of this species easy.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
1Ent. News, XI, pl. 1, fig. 4. *Cinn. Quart. Journ., Il, p. 253.
No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 887
GELECHIA CONCLUSELLA Walker.
Gelechia conclusella WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 593.—
WALSINGHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p. 179.—Ritry, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5341, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5768, 1903.
Gelechia grissefasciella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 253; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv. IV, 1878, p. 144.
In the U. S. National Museum are several specimens labeled by
Lord Walsingham, Gelechia conclusella Walker; these are identical with
specimens thus named by Lord Walsingham in collections of Dr. Dietz,
and in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. They agree
with Walker’s description and evidently correctly represent his species.
They are the same as type no. 447, in the U. S. National Museum, of
Gelechia grissefasciella, received with his label from Chambers, thus
confirming the synonymy made by Walsingham. There is one other
supposed ‘‘type” of grissefusciella, namely, in the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Cambridge, but this is an entirely different thing,
an undescribed species of Vealyda, unhappily unfit for description;
it does not, however, agree with Chambers’ description, while U.S.
National Museum type does, and the latter is evidently authentic.
Lord Walsingham also made crescentifasciclla Chambers a synonym
of conclusella, but this, as previously shown (p. 846), was done on
faulty evidence, and crescentifasciella is a distinct species belonging
to Anacampsis.
The present species has veins 3 and 4 ‘n forewings stalked, and
thereby differs from the most of the species in the genus in which it
is placed. I am, however, at present not willing to differentiate it
generically.
GELECHIA RILEYELLA Chambers.
Depressaria rileyella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 106, 129, 147, 148;
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 188.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5277, 1891.
Gelechia rileyella Rruey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5468.—Buscx, Proe.
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, p. 732; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5769,
1903.
Type no. 462, in the U. S. National Museum, of Depressaria riley-
ella, bearing Chambers’ handwritten label and the date 1872, is the
same as.three types found in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in
Cambridge, also bearing Chambers’ labels.
These types are all in very poor condition specifically, but prove
conclusively that the species is a true Gelechia.
The type in the National Museum.bears Lord Walsingham’s blue
label no. 1170, and there is also a better preserved specimen deter-
mined by Walsingham and bearing his blue label no. 1211.
- Habitat.— Kentucky, Canada.
No other specimens are known to me.
833 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ‘VOL. XXVs
GELECHIA NUNDINELLA Zeller.
Gelechia nundinella ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p.
256.—CHAmMBERs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s—
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5420, 1891.—Busckx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5770, 1903.
Gelechia beneficentella Murtretpt, Can. Ent., XIII, 1881, p. 245.—Riiey, Smith’s |
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 6321, 1891.
Zeller’s type in the Cambridge Museum of (Gelechia nundinella
proves, as the description would indicate, that it is the same as Miss
Murtfeldt’s later-described beneficentella, of which good bred series are —
found in the U. 8. National Museum, besides authentic specimen
received from Miss Murtfeldt.
Food plant.—Solanum carolinense.
LTabitat.—Missouri (Murtfeldt), Texas (Zeller, Boll), District of —
Columbia (Busck). .
GELECHIA MONUMENTELLA Chambers.
Gelechia monumentella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, p. 125; U.S.
Geol. Sury. Bull., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5413, 1891.—Buscr, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5771, 1903.
The unique type of this species is found in good condition in the |
Cambridge Museum, agreeing with the description, and labeled ‘* Colo-—
rado,” with the name in Chambers’ handwriting.
The type shows one point not mentioned by Chambers, namely, a—
thin, indistinct, but complete white fascia at apical third.
In the U.S. National Museum there is a large series of this very —
distinct insect, bred by Mr. Coquillett and Mr. Koebele in California
from /rancenia grandiflora.
GELECHIA OBSCUROSUFFUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia obscurosuffusella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 96,
145.—RiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5425, 1891.—Busckx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5772, 1903.
Type no. 456, in the U. S. National Museum, of this species from
Chambers agrees with other types examined in the Cambridge Museum
and in Professor Fernald’s collection. All are in rather poor condi-
dition, but agree so far as can be made out with Chambers’ description
and prove that the species is a true Gelechia.
I have met with no other specimens.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA PETASITIS Pfaffenzeller.
Gelechia petasitis PFAFFENZELLER, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXVIII, 1867, p. 79.—
Sraupincer and Reset, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, 1901, No. 2588.—WALSINGHAM, ©
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882, p. 178.—RiLEy, Smith’s List. Lep. |
Bor. Am., No. 5445, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5773, 1903. |
I have examined in Professor Fernald’s collection three specimens —
which Lord Walsingham determined as the Kuropean insect. |
|
on.
No. 13044. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. sso
ae = = eee
One of these, through the kindness of Professor Fernald, is now the
property of U.S. National Museum. It agrees with Pfaffenzeller’s
description.
The European food plant is Petasitis niveus, on which the larva
mines the leaves. Other species of Petas?t/s, on which the species may
live, occur in this country.
| GELECHIA PANELLA, new species.
Gelechia panella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5774, 1905.
Antenne dark reddish fuscous, annulated with white. Labial palpi
with well developed furrowed brush; second joint on the upper and
inner side whitish, the outside and the brush deep purplish red. Face
white with a reddish tint. Head, thorax, and forewings uniformly
bright brick red; at the end of the cell is a very indistinct blackish
dot and at apical third is a still more indistinct very narrow oblique
yellowish white fascia across the wing. No other markings are found,
and those mentioned are easily overlooked. Cilia reddish, sprinkled
with white. Under side of forewings shining dark fuscous. Hind-
_wings broader than forewings, light silvery fuscous, darker and yel-
lowish toward apex. Cilia yellowish fuscous. Abdomen dark fus-
cous, underside ochreous. Forelegs reddish, posterior legs yellow
sprinkled with black; tarsal joints blackish, shehtly tipped with yellow.
Alar expanse.—20 mm.
Habitat.—Arizona, California.
Lype.—No. 6391, U.S.N.M.
This striking species, which can not be confused with any other
described American (c/echia, is described from two perfect specimens,
“one collected in Arizona by Mr. E. A. Schwarz and the other probably
bred by Mr. Koebele at Los Angeles, California.
GELECHIA ABELLA, new species.
Gelechia abella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5775, 1903.
Antenne silvery white sharply annulated with dark fuscous. Labial
palpi with rather small brush pure silvery white. Face and head pure
white. Thorax suffused with fuscous; forewings white but so thickly
suffused with fuscous as to obliterate the white ground-color except
on apical third of the wing, which is pure white. Near base is an ill-
defined oblique costal streak with only a few dark seales therefore
| appearing whitish against the darker surrounding parts. Cilia white.
Hindwings as broad as forewings, light fuscous. Abdomen yellowish
fuscous. Legs gray with white bars on the outside.
Alar expanse.—15 mm.
_ Habitat.—Colorado.
| TLype.—No. 6392, U.S.N.M.
890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
This species which, by its peculiar coloration, probably imitates bird-
droppings can not be mistaken for any other deed species and is
at once recognized by its pure white head, palpi, and apical third of |
the forewings.
GELECHIA FUSCOTZENIAELLA Chambers.
Gelechia fuscoteniaella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 89, 148.—_
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5776, 1903.
Gelechia fuscotanniella Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5374, 1891.
Gelechia fuscolinianella Ritny, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5370, 1891.
Type no. 451 in the U. S. National Museum of this species is labeled
by Chambers fuscotiniaella, which, through misreading, led Riley to)
include the name fuscoliniaella in his list. This name Concce cata
refers to the present species.
The ty pe is identical with specimens in the Museum of Compar ative
Zoology in Cambridge, rightly labeled by Chambers. Both are in
mither. poor eentnce but easily recognized from description by the’
pure white forewings with the sharply limited dark brown base. '
The types are from Texas; in the National Museum there is also a
better preserved specimen from Colorado.
B.— Unrecognized Species.
GELECHIA ADAPTERELLA Walker.
Gelechia adapterella WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 590.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5778, 1903. i
This species was omitted in Riley’s list. The type should be
examined in the British Museum. Habitat not given by Walker.
GELECHIA ALBISTRIGELLA Chambers.
Gelechia albistrigela Cuampers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 171.—Hacen, Papilio,
IV, 1884, p. 98.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5304, 18915
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5779, 1903.
Two types of this species are in the Museum of Comparative ,
Zoology in Cambridge, but in so poor condition that they can not be
recognized with any deer ee of positiveness. They are, however, prob-
ably authentic, and remind one, as Chambers says, of Strobisia. As
far as can be made out, without injuring the specimens, the forewings,
which are obtusely rounded, have 11 veins, 8 coincident with 7, 3 and
4 stalked. Hindwings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 connate.
Labial palpi with second joint considerably thickened with smoothly
appressed scales, abruptly cut off at apex; terminal joint shorter
than second joint.
However, it was so difficult to examine these specimens that I feel
uncertain about the characters and must at present leave the species
as unrecognized.
=
mo.1804. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHTID MOTHS—BUSCK. 89]
It isa rather str ce insect and should sasily be recognized from
the description if found again.
Habitat.— Kentucky.
GELECHIA AMBROSICELLA Chambers.
Gelechia ambrosiella Cuampers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 239; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rizey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
: No. 5308, 1901.—Buscr, Dyar’s List. Amer. Lep., No. 5780, 1902.
Chambers sent out to correspondents several specimens of a Tineid
labeled: Sinoé ambrosiella, which he afterwards determined as speci-
mens of Butalis matutella Clemens. One of these was sent to U.S.
National Museum, and when Riley made his List of 'Tineina he came
across this specimen and recognizing Chambers’ label, placed an
asterisk by ambrosiella in his list, indicating that a specimen was
found in the museum collection, without recognizing the faulty deter-
mination.
No types or reeognized specimen of the present species are found in
any of the collections, and I have failed to breed the species, although
making several efforts. But the knowledge of the foodplant and
larval habits [the larva feed according to Chambers in the fruits of
Ambrosia trifida\ together with the description insure ultimate redis-
covery of the species, which Chambers thought very near to 77icho-
taphe chambersella Murtfeldt (p. 918).
GELECHIA AMORPHELLA Chambers.
Gelechia amorphella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., III, 1877, p. 124; IV,
1878, p. 141.—RuiLey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5309, 1891.—Buscr,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5781, 1902.
All authentic specimens of this species are lost and I have not recog-
nized it from the description in the material examined, but continued
collecting and breeding in Colorado ought to enable recognition of
the species, the food plant of which Chambers gave with some doubt
as Amorpha fruticosa.
GELECHIA ANGUSTIPENNELLA Clemens.
Gelechia ae ee CiEemeEns, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I1, 1863, p. 119; Stain-
ton Ed. N. Am. Tin.,-1872, pp. 222, 224.—CHamperrs, Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., 1V, eee 8, p. 141.—Ruitky, Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5311, 1891.—
Enea Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5782, 1902.
The type is lost and I have not recognized the species; the descrip-
tion gives no clew to the proper genus.
Habitat.—Pennsylvania ?
'@an; Ent:,, Vp: 2a.
Alen
892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
GELECHIA ARGENTIALBELLA Chambers.
Gelechia argentialbella CHampBers, Can. Ent., III, 1874, p. 241; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Ruixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5313, 1891.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5783, 1902.
No authentic material exists of this species, which, according to
Chambers, is very like Recurvaria variella Chambers [p. 809].
THabitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA ATTRITELLA Walker.
Gelechia attritella WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 592.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5784, 1902.
The type of this species should be examined in British Museum.
The description gives no clew to the proper genus.
Habitat.—Not given.
GELECHIA DISCOMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia discomaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, p. 172; Cinn. Quart. Tourn
Sci., II, 1875, p. 239; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 143.—RILey, ©
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5353, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5785, 1902.
Gelechia aurimaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 172; Bull. U. 8S. Geol.
Sury., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Riey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5316, 1891.
According to Miss Murtfeldt and Lord Walsingham the above syn-
onymy is correct, but no authentic specimens of either species are now
preserved, The descriptions read very much alike. According to
Chambers this species is ‘‘ difficult to distinguish from Gelechia mar-
morella Chambers,’ even on comparison of specimens.”
Gelechia badiomaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 192; Bull. U.S. Geol
Sury., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rinery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5317,
1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5786, 1902.
Described from a single specimen taken under a gaslight and with
the palpi [at least!] burned. A yellowish and brown species with tufted —
wings, which will be difficult ever to rediscover with certainty, as it
may not even belong to the family Gelechiide.
fTabitat.—Kentucky.
Sth ta Par mee
GELECHIA BADIOMACULELLA Chambers.
F
GELECHIA BISTRIGELLA Chambers.
Depressaria bistrigella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 92, 128, 147. 4
Gelechia bistrigella CuHamBeErs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 142.—RILey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5328, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep.,
No. 5787, 1902.
Nothing can be said about the proper genus of this species from the
description. Type is lost.
TTabitat.—Canada.
' Phthorimxa marmorella, p. 823.
ies
I No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 893
GELECHIA BRUMELLA Clemens.
Gelechia brumella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1864, p. 416; Stainton
Ed. N. Am. Tin., p. 239, 1872.—CHamBerrs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV,
1878, p. 142.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5330, 1891.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5788, 1902.
_ Described froma single somewhat denuded specimen from Labrador,
which is no longer in existence.
GELECHIA CANOPULVELLA Chambers.
Gelechia canopulvella CuamBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., 1878, pp. 91, 142.—Rtxey,
Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5332, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5789, 1902.
Of this species the unique type is still in the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology in Cambridge, but it is in so poor a condition that
definite recognition is not possible at the present time. It is, how-
ever, without doubt a true Gelechia, near, if not the same as Gelechia
_obscurosuffusella Chambers [p. 888].
fabitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA CAPITEOCHRELLA Chambers.
Tf
Geol. Surv. Bull., IV, p. 142.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5333
1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5790, 1902.
Can not be placed from description; type is lost; no locality given.
Gelechia capiteochrella CHAMBERS, Cinn .Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 252; U. 5
ist
?
GELECHIA CARYAVORELLA Packard.
Gelechia caryxvorella Pack arp, Rept. U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1885, p. 331, 1886; Rept.
U.S. Ent. Comm., V, 1890, p. 314.—Ritry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5333a, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5791, 1902.
From the knowledge of the larva and the description of the imago
it should not be difficult ultimately to rediscover this species, type
of which is lost.
_ According to Professor Fernald it is allied to Gelechia bicostomaculella
‘Chambers, and it may prove on discovery to be synonymous with one
_ of the several similar species of that group.
fHabitat.—Rhode Island.
GELECHIA CASSELLA Walker.
Gelechia cassella WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 594.—Rrixy, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5333b, 1891.—Buscr, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5799, 1902.
The type of this species should be examined in British Museum.
The description gives no clew to its proper genetic position,
_ -Exact habitat not given,
894 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
GELECHIA DECEMMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia decemmaculella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 290;
Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 128; IV, 1878, p. 142. —Riney, Smith’s
Eu ee Bor, Am., No. 5349, 16g Beer, Tee s List Amer. iene No.
5793, 1902.
Described from a single captured specimen which ‘is now lost.
According to Chambers, ‘‘it reminds one in ornamentation of Gelechia |
difficilisella Chambers | Lpithectis attributela Walker p. 817], but is a
larger insect with hindwings not excised beneath the tip.”
Habitat.—Colorado.
GELECHIA ee Busck.
Gelechia detersella eae (not Zeller), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 164;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 40, 116, bay eee Bull. U. S.
Geol. Sury., = , 1878, p. 142.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5351,
1891.
Gelechia brackenridgiella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5794, 1902.
Cotypes of this species should be examined in British Museum,”
where the two specimens sent to Stainton by Clemens in 1860 cae |
ably are found.
Stainton thought it allied to the European Gelechia affinis Douglas.*
No types exist in this country of this species, which may be known
under the above name instead of the preoccupied name detersella.
GELECHIA DISCOANULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia discoanulella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 254; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 148.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5795, 1902.
Gelechia discoannulella RitEy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5352, 1891.
According to Chambers, a pale ochreous species with dark, annu-
lated spot at the end of the cell on forewings.
No type exists. No locality given.
GELECHIA DISCOSTRIGELLA Chambers.
Gelechia discostrigella CHAmBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., Il, 1875, p. 24857
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Riey, Smith’ s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5356, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5796, 1902.
Described from a single type with palpi missing. This unique type”
is still preserved in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cam-
bridge, but now lacks, besides the palpi, part of all the wings, and it
is in such condition as to prohibit generic recognition.
The type shows the species to be a large, broad-shouldered insect, \
with basal half of forewings white and extreme base blackish brown.
Habitat.—California.
1 Bryotropha affinis Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., No. 2531, 1901.
| NO. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 895
GELECHIA FLAVICORPORELLA Walsingham.
Gelechia flavicorporella WaAtstncHAM, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1882,
p. 177.—Rutey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5361, 1891.—-Busck, Dyar’s
List Amer Lep., No 5797, 1902.
Of this species two types are found in Professor Fernald’s collec-
tion, but by accident I lost my notes on them and am at present
unable to recognize the species.
Tt is, however, probably a true Gelechia.
GELECHIA FLEXURELLA Clemens.
Gelechia flexurella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 163; Proc. Ent.
Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 122; Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872; pp. 115,
225.—CHamBErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Ruiney, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5363, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5798, 1902.
Type is lost; from Clemens’s description I would suppose that this
species probably belongs to the genus Ar/stotelia.
Habitat.—Pennsylvania
GELECHIA FUSCOLUTEELLA Chambers.
Depressaria fuscoluteclla CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1V, 1872, pp. 106, 147.
Gelechia fuscoluteella CHAMBERS, Bull.U.S. Geol Surv., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Rixey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5368, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer.
Lep., No. 5799, 1902
No authentic specimens exist, and the short description is insutticient
for recognition.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
GELECHIA FUSCOMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia fuscomaculella Cuampers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 170; Bull. U. 8.
Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 148.—Rinry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.
5369, 1891.—Buscr, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5800, 1902.
The unique type of this species in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology in Cambridge is in very poor condition, with one forewing
and part of tne other and of both hindwings gone.
It is impossible to place it with certainty, but I believe it is a true
— Gelechia.
_ Habitat.—Kentucky.
GELECHIA FUSCOPUNCTELLA Clemens.
Gelechia fuscopunctella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1868, pp. 12, 121;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 218, 225.—CHampers, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 143.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.
5373, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5801, 1902.
Type is lost and description insufficient for certain generic determi-
nation.
_ ~ Habitat. —Pennsylvania?
2
896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV__
GELECHIA GILVOMACULELLA Clemens.
Gelechia gilvomaculella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1863, IL, pp. 12, 121;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 218, 225.—CuHampers, Bull. U.S. Geol.
Suryv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Rinry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5381, 7
1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5802, 1902.
The type is lost and description insufficient for generic determination. |
[abitat.—Pennsylvania 4
GELECHIA GLYCYRIZCGEELLA Chambers.
Gelechia glycyrizeella CHAMBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., III, 1877, p. 124 —Buscr,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5803, 1902.
Gelechia glycyrrizwella CHAMBERS, Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., LV, 1878, p. 144.—Riney,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 53884, 1891.
The unique type of this species is in rather well-preserved condition
in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge. But I have
not been able to a another specimen exactly like it in any of the —
collections, and as I can not with absolute certainty make out the genus |
of the type specimen without injuring it, I prefer, therefore, to post-4 i
pone definite determination of the species until more al is at
hand. It is probably a true Gelechia. Food plant was given with —
some doubt by Chambers as Glycyrhiza lepidota. 2
Habitat.—Colorado.
ann
GELECHIA GRISELLA Chambers.
aed a th ete
Gelechia grisella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 171; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., |
IV, 1878, p. 144.—Ritry, Smith’s List Tae Bor. Am., No. 5385, 1891.—_
Busckx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5804, 1902.
The type is lost and the description is insufficient for generic deter-_
mination.
Habitat.— Kentucky.
GELECHIA GRISEAELLA Chambers.
Parasia griseaella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1872, IV, p. 88. 3
Gelechia griseaella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., TV, 1878, p. 144.—RiLeEy, ©
Smith’s List. Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5386, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List. Amer.”
Lep., No. 5805, 1902.
The type is lost and the description insufficient for generic deter-
mination.
Habitat. —Canada.
GELECHIA GRISEOCHRELLA Chambers.
Gelechia griseochrella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Jour. Sci., II, 1875, p. 247; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Ritey, Smith’s mae Lep. Bor. Am. No.
5387, 1891. gece Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5806, 1902.
The type is lost. From Chambers’ description and his comparison.
of the venation with that of Callima argenticinctella Clemens, it seems
' No.1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 897
highly probable that this species does not even belong in the family
- Gelechiide. However, as it can not at present be placed elsewhere it
must remain pinder the present genus until recognized.
Habitat.—California.
GELECHIA LABRADORICA Moeschler.
Gelechia labradorica MorscniErR, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., 1864, p. 200.—Grorr,
Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 125.—Cuampers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, p. 144,
1878.—Rixery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5395, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5807, 1902.
_ Presumably a true Gelechia, but which can not be definitely placed
from the description.
Habitat.—Labrador.
GELECHIA LABRADORIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia labradoriella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1863, pp. 12, 120;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 220, 224, 239.—CHampers, Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5396, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5808, 1902.
? Gelechia viduella Fasrictus, Staudinger & Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur., II, No. 2618.
1901.
Placed by Staudinger and Rebel as a synonym of the European
Gelechia viducla Fabricius, with a question mark. No authentic
material of Clemens’ is left, but the evidently rather striking species
_ should be recognized from the description when fuller collections from
Labrador are obtained.
GELECHIA LACTEUSOCHRELLA Chambers.
Gelechia lacteusochrella CuampBrrs, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 244;
Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Riztey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5397, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5810, 1902.
The type of this species is lost and the description gives no evidence
of the true generic position of the species.
Labitat.—California.
GELECHIA LITURELLA Walker.
Gelechia liturella WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., X XTX, 1864, p. 591.—Buscr, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5811, 1902.
Type should be examined in British Museum.
GELCHIA MACULATUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia maculatusella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 245; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Riney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5404, 1891.—Buscr, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., 5812, 1902.
_ The type is lost and the description is insufficient for generic deter-
- mination.
Habitat.—Calitornia.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 5
898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIGNAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXV.
GELECHIA MILLERIELLA Chambers.
Gelechia milleriella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 253; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Ritry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5408, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5813, 1902.
The type is lost and description insufficient for generic determination. |
Habitat.—Not given. |
:
Gelechia mimella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 163; Proc. Ent. —
Soc. Phila., II, 1863, p. 121; Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 116, 225.—}
CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 69; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878)
p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5409, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s”
List Amer. Lep., No. 5814, 1902. i
GELECHIA MIMELLA Clemens.
The type of the species is lost; Chambers thought it similar or pos-
sibly even synonomous with his Gelechia palprannulella (Aristotelia”
absconditella, Walker, p. 801), but Clemens expressly said in his synop- |
tic table of his species of Gelechia that mimella has hindwings with
rounded apex, not produced, and it can consequently not be looked
for in Aristotelia.
Habitat.—Pennsylvania ?
GELECHIA OBSCURELLA Chambers.
Gelechia obscurella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V., 1872, p. 170; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. an No. 5423, 1891.4
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5815, 1902.
In the Cambridge Museum is found a type of this species, which
shows it to be a true Gelechia similar to, but different from, Gelechia
monumentella Chambers [p. 888]. Chambers himself thought it similar
to the following unrecognized species. The type is, however, in so)
poor condition that I have not been able to identify it specifically with)
certainty, and much fuller collections should be made in Chambers”
old hunting grounds in Kentucky before definite determination is:
attempted.
GELECHIA OBSCURUSELLA Chambers.
Depressaria obscurusella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., 1872, pp. 106, 129, 148; Bull. U. 8.
Geol. Sury., IV, p. 145.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5426, 1891.—
Buscr, Dyer’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5816, eo
oe fuscopulvella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 170; Cinn. Quart. Journ.
LE aS (oes pe 2452S alles: Geol: Rares IV, 1878, p. 143.—RI ey,
Bae List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5372, 1891. :
Types of both the above species are found in the Cambridge Museum,
but in nearly useless condition. They seem, however, absolutely ideng
tical so far as comparison is possible, and, as the two descriptions also
agree, I have no hesitation in uniting them. The species is probably a
£ no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. — 899
o : Z . = ae : = : = : ooo
true Gelechia and possibly the same as the foregoing species, though I
think I am able to cifferentiate the two excuses for types.
Habitat.—Kentucky, Canada.
GELECHIA OCHERFUSCELLA Chambers.
Gelechia ocherfuscella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 249.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5817, 1902.
Gelechia ochreofuscella CuamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—
Ritery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5429, 1891.
Described from a single specimen without palpi, which is now lost.
— Nothing can be said from the description about the generic position
of the species.
Llabitat.—California.
| GELECHIA ORNATIFIMBRIELLA Clemens.
| . Gelechia? ornatifimbriella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., II, 1864, p. 420; Stain-
ton Ed, N. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 242.—Cuampers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV,
! 1878, p. 145.—Riey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5435.-—Busck, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5818, 1902.
The types of this species are lost, and Clemens thought it an abber-
rant from approaching Depressaria. As far as his description of the
venation and palpi is concerned it fits the present genus, but I have
not identified it specifically.
— -Habitat.—Illinois.
GELECHIA PALLIDAGRISEELLA Chambers.
Gelechia pallidagriseella CuamBerrs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 237.—Busckx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5819, 1902.
Gelechia pallidegrisseella CuamBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 145.—
Riuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5438.
The type is lost. Nothing can be gleaned from the description
about the generic position of the species.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA PALPIALBELLA Chambers.
Gelechia palpialbella CuamBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1878, p. 253; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5820, 1902
Gelechia palpialella Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5441, 1891.
The type of the species is lost and the description insufficient for
| correct generic determination. Chambers said it is mistakable for
Gelechia (Aristotelia) physaliclla Chambers [p. 802].
No habitat is given.
GELECHIA PARVIPULVELLA Chambers.
Gelechia parvipulvella CHamBerrs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 242; Bull. U.S Geol.
P Sury., IV, 1878, p. 145.—Ritkry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5443, 1891.—
- Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5821, 1902.
The type of the species is lost.
a.
%
900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV. §
~
The following is a rather extreme but by no means unique example —
of some of Chambers’ descriptions, which will serve to illustrate the —
difficulties connected with recognizing some of his species of which
his types are lost, especially when it is borne in mind, that there is no
assurance that the insects he placed under Ge/echia belongs to the
family Gelechiide even:
Palpi simple. Pale yellowish white, lightly dusted with fuscous, the dusting more
dense toward the apex of the primaries. Al. exp. % inch. Season, May and August. ~
Possibly a variety of G. subalbusella.
The description of Gelechia subalbusella is still more laconic and
reads in full:
Second joint of the palpi not thickened. Creamy white, sparsely dusted with
ochreous yellow and brown.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA PULLIFIMBRIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia pullifimbriella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1, 1863, p. 120; Stain-
ton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 223, 225.—CuampBers, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 146.—Riiey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5455, 1891.—
Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5822, 1902.
Type is lost and description is insufficient for generic determination
of the species.
Habitat.—Pennsylvania ?
GELECHIA PULLUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia pullusella CHamBErs, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 237; Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 146.—Rizey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5456; Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5823, 1902.
The type is lost and the description is insuflicient for determination.
Habitat.—Texas.
GELECHIA PUNCTIFERELLA Clemens.
Gelechia punctiferella CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soe. Phila., II, 1864, p. 119; Stain-
ton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 222, 224.—CuHamsBers, Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 146.—Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5457, 1891.—
Busckx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5824, 1902.
The type is lost and the description is insufficient for final generic
determination.
Habitat.—Pennsylvania ?
GELECHIA SIMPLICIELLA Chambers. °
Gelechia simpliciella CHamBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 238; Bull.
U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Ritxy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5483, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5825, 1902.
The type is lost and definite determination of the species impossible
from the description.
| No. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 901
Chambers says it has some resemblance to a worn specimen of
Gelechia solaniella Chambers (Phthorimea glochinella, Zeller, p. 822).
Habitat.—Kentucky.
| GELECHIA SUBALBUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia subalbusella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 242.—Riury, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5485.—Buscr, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5826, 1902.
Type is lost and nothing definite can be said concerning the proper
genus of the species from the description.
[abitat.—TVexas.
GELECHIA SUFFUSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia suffusella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 171; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury.,
IV, 1878, p. 147.—Riey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5488, 1891.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5827, 1902.
The six specimens supposed to be types of the species, placed as
such in the Cambridge Museum and recorded by Hagen,’ were found
on examination to be specimens of Gelechia rufusella Chambers (Ana-
campsis fullonella, p. 849), and thus labeled by Chambers.
No types of suffusella exist, and nothing can be said from the
description about the generic position of that species.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
GELECHIA THORACEOCHRELLA Chambers.
Gelechia thoraceochrella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 169; Bull. U. S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5493.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Am. Lep., No. 5828, 1902.
No types are found and description is insufficient for definite generic
determination.
Labitat.—Kentucky. .
GELECHIA THORACESTRIGELLA Chambers.
Gelechia thoracestrigella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., Il, 1875, p. 245;
Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Ruixery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor.
Am., No. 5496, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5829, 1902.
No types are in existence.
Chambers says about this and about the foregoing species, as well
as about thoracealbella (p. 867), that they are very similar to Gelechia
Suscopulvella. Probably they are all like thoracealbella, true Gelechia.
Habitat.—California.
GELECHIA UNISTRIGELLA Chambers.
Gelechia? unistrigella CuampBrrs, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 176.—Rinry, Smith’s
List Lep. Bor. Am., No, 5504, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Am. Lep., No. 5831,
1902.
Type is lost. The species can not be definitely determined generic
ally from the description.
flabitat.—Kentucky.
1 Papilio, IV, p. 99.
es
902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
GELECHIA VERSICOLORELLA Chambers.
Depressaria versicolorella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 127, 129, 148; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1872, p. 1388.—Ritry, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5284, 1891.
Gelechia versicolorella Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5509, 1891.—Buscr,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, p. 732; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5832, 3]
1902.
As shown by me, this species must be a Gelechiid, but definite deter-
mination of the genus can not be obtained from the description.
Type is lost.
LTabitat.—Kentucky.
GELECHIA WACOELLA Chambers.
Gelechia wacoella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 237; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv.,
IV, 1878, p. 148.—Rtxey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5511, 1891.—Buscx,
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5833, 1902.
Type is lost and exact generic determination is impossible from the —
description alone.
[abitat.—Texas.
MENESTA Clemens.
Plate XX XI, fig. 30.
Menesta CLEMENS, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1860, p. 213.
Hyale CHAMBERS, Cin. Quart. Jn. Sci., II, 1875, p. 242.
The characters of this genus in accordance with Clemens’s descrip-
tion and verified by an undoubted specimen of the type of the genus are
as follows: Labial palpi smooth, slender, curved, ascending, reaching
vertex; second joint slightly thickened toward apex, terminal shorter
than second, smooth, slender, pointed. Forewing short, broad,
tortricid-formed apical edge nearly perpendicular on costal and dor-
sal edge; 10 veins, veins 4 and 8 absent, all separate, 7 to apex. Hind-
wings over I., 7 veins, 5 absent, 3 and 4 connate, 6 and 7 stalked.
Lord Walsingham’s suggestion’ that this genus is hardly rightly
separated from Stenoma Zeller is far from right. Neither is his con-
ception of the venation clear. In the article just referred to in his
tabulation of the supposed allied genera he writes that veins 7 and 8
in forewing are separate, and he further says” that MJenesta cinerocer-
vind Walsingham, the venation of which he gives, differs in venation
from the genus only in having veins 6 and 7 in hindwing connate
instead of stalked, thus inferring that J/enesta, like this species, has
11 veins in forewing and 8 in hindwing, while in reatity 1t has only 10
and 7, respectively.
Chambers suggested and Lord Walsingham established the syn-
onymy JJenesta Clemens-//yale Chambers, about which there can not
be any doubt.
1Insect Life, II, p. 154. Proc. Lond. Zool. Soc., 1895, p. 85.
wo. 134. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 903
The genus is an interesting one, related to Strobisia Clemens, and
probably confined to America.
The three species at present known have all the same venation and
are of great general resemblance, but easily separated by the different
striking white markings.
MeEdmnite CORAL BPO! +... 22.022 cee nee sees soess oes e se melanella, p. 903
METER Sy COE eo het ee ea ee siete indaea= 2 elctalim) = cis mie 0's!~)~/0%s 1
Seamemamicaltciiaywhite:s 2-66: eA 2. - 22 Sees ees Sele sss = albaciliella, p. 903
Smee CUA MOL WINGO ase tS et ees eae tortriciformella, p. 903
MENESTA TORTRICIFORMELLA Clemens.
Menesta tortriciformella CiemMENs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 213;
Stainton Ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872, p. 151.—CuHampers, Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 150.—WatstncHam, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 319;
Insect Life, IT, 1889, p. 154.—Rixey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5227,
1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List. Am. Lep., No. 5650, 1902.
Gelechia liturella WALKER, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 591.
Hyale coryliella CHampers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., IH, p. 242; Bull. U. S.
Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 157.
Gelechia coryliella PAcKARD, Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., V, 1890, p. 635.
Chambers’ interesting life history of this species on hazel is quite
similar to Miss Murtfeldt’s excellent observations on the following
species, melanella Murtfeldt, on oak, and further confirms the identity
of [yale and Menesta.
This species is probably local and is not common.
The specimen in the U.S. National Museum is from Massachusetts.
Clemens’ type presumably came from Pennsylvania, and Chambers
described the species from Kentucky.
MENESTA MELANELLA Murtfeldt.
Menesta melanella Murrre pt, Insect Life, IT, 1890, p. 304.—Ritey, Smith’s List
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5228, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5651,
1902.
This easily recognized species is well described by Miss Murtfeldt,
and the interesting life history is carefully recorded with figure.
Food plant.—Oak.
FHabitat.—Missouri.
A cotype and good bred series from Miss Murtfeldt are in the
U.S. National Museum.
MENESTA ALBACILIAZZELLA Chambers.
Strobisia albacilixella CHamMBers, Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 77; Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury.,
IV, 1878, p. 162.—Rixery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5580, 1891.
Menesta albacilixella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5652, 1902.
This strikingly beautiful insect was described from a single speci-
men from Cincinnati. This unique type is found in easily recogniz-
able condition in the Cambridge Museum, where I had an opportunity
904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor ae
to examine it. It bears Chambers’ handwritin yon the label ** Strobisia
3
albacilivella Cham.,” and it is undoubtedly authentic.
It is clearly a Menesta, agreeing perfectly in venation and palpi with
‘this genus, and is very closely related to the two other species in the —
genus, but is at once distinguished by the white apical cilia in fore-
wing, which contrasts beautifully with the very dark shining wing.
I have only seen one other specimen of this fine species, namely, in
Mr. Kearfott’s collection, where is found a well-preserved specimen
collected by him in New Jersey, on June 17.
STROBISIA Clemens.
Plate XXXI, fig. 31-32.
Strobisia CLemens, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 164.
This genus is well characterized by Clemens, and has the following
characters:
Labial palpi perfectly smooth, curved, slender; second joint scarcely
thickened, terminal joint as long as second, pointed. Forewing elon-
gate ovate, apex obtusely pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, or 11
veins, 7 and 8 coincident, 2 and 3 stalked. Hindwings narrower than
forewing, apex obtuse, termen slightly sinuate; 8 veins, 3 and 4 con-
nate, 5 parallel, 6 and 7 connate. The species have dark hindwings
and brilliant iridescent markings on forewings. The genus is nearly
related to 7richotaphe Clemens.
Two species hitherto placed in this genus I have transferred to
other genera, namely, Jewpedella Clemens, which belongs to Ana-
campsis, near tréstrigela Walsingham, and will be found treated under
that genus (p. 844), and a/bacilixella Chambers, which belongs to and
will be found treated under J/enesta.
The name argenticiliella Chambers as found in Chambers’ ‘*Index,”
p- 162, and in Smith’s check list, No. 5581, does not appear to corre-
spond to any description. The reference given in ‘‘ Index”? is not
correct, and the name must be dropped.
Only two described species are at present referable to this genus.
They may be separated thus:
Metallic markings, narrow dashes and dots......-------------- irridipennella, p. 904
Metallic markings, broad spots and bands ..-.....--------------- emblemella, p. 905
STROBISIA IRRIDIPENNELLA Clemens.
Strobisia irridipennella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 165;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 40, 118.—Cuamperrs, Can. Ent., IV,
1872, p. 89; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., TV, 1878, p. 162.—Frery, Stett. Ent.
Zeit., XX XIX, 1878, p. 251.—Ruitey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5583,
1891.—Drerz, Smith’s List Ins. New Jersey, p. 474, 1900.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5653, 1902.
1Can. Ent., X.
pla
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 905
Strobisia aphroditeella CuamBers, Can. Ent., LV, 1872, p. 88.
Zeit., XX XIX, 1878, p. 251.
Strobisia proserpinella Frey, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX XIX, 1878, p. 251.—Rrixey,
Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No, 5585, 1891.
Frey, Stett. Ent.
This species is the type of the genus and the more specialized of the
_- two species. It has veins 7 and 8 in the forewings coincident.
Chambers is himself responsible for placing his aphroditella as a
synonym of 7r7r7dipennella, which the description indicates is the case.
He committed, however, a clerical mistake in doing it. He wrote:!
Strobisia venustella I am now satisfied is a synonym of S. irridipennella Clemens.
Because of the presence of several brilliant blue spots on the wings of my specimens
not mentioned in Dr. Clemens’ description, I was led to believe that they belonged
to a different species. But the individuals vary in this respect.
There can be no question but that venustel/a is a mistake for aphro-
diteclla, the description of which only can be applied to 7rr/dipennella.
This is also demonstrated by Chambers afterwards in his ‘‘ Index,””
where he placed his species right, aphroditeclla as synonym of 77rid7-
pennella and venustella as synonym of the following species, e/e-
mela Clemens.
On account of the same defects in Clemens’ description, which misled
Chambers, Frey described his proserpinella, which undoubtedly is the
same as ar7ridipennella, the description agreeing in every particular.
Although this species is very abundant in the vicinity of Washing-
ton, and though I have given special attention to it for some years, its
larval history is as yet entirely unknown, and furnishes a worthy sub-
ject for study for any student who has an opportunity to work it out.
The larva will, I believe, be found to be a stem borer.
STROBISIA EMBLEMELLA Clemens.
Strobisia emblemella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 164; Stain-
ton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, pp. 40, 118.—CHamBerrs, Can. Ent., IV, 1872,
pp. 89,90; Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 162.—Frey, Stett. Ent. Zeitung,
XXXIX, 1878, p. 251.—Ritery, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5583,
1891.—Dierz, Smiths’s List Ins. N. J., 1900, p. 474.—Buscx, Dyar’s List
Amer. Lep., No. 5654, 1902.
Strobisia venustella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V., 1872, p. 90.
This well-described species differs generically from the type only by
having vein 8 in forewings present, out of vein 7. A specimen deter-
mined by Lord Walsingham and by the writer are in the U. S. National
Museum.
It is not nearly as common in the localities around Washington as
the preceding species.
1Can. Ent., VI, p. 7. 2U. 8. Geol. Sury. Bull., IV, p. 162.
906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXV.
TRICHOTAPHE Clemens.
Plate XX XTI, fig. 33.
Trichotaphe CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 166.
Begoé CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 24.
Epicorthylis Zutuer, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 248.
Malacotricha ZeLLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1878, p. 282.
Begoé Chambers is the same as Jalacotricha Zeller, erected on the —
same species.
I have before me authentic specimens of the types and of all Amer-
ican species hitherto included in these three genera, besides several —
other described and undescribed species belonging to this group.
After examining them very carefully, and after comparing critically
the descriptions and figures given by the authors, it is my opinion
that these three genera are artificial divisions of one natural group,
and that they should not be retained.
All three genera have exactly the same venation, wing form, and
general habitus, and differ only in the slight modification of the hairs
on second joint of the labial palpi, Z7zchotaphe being supposed to
include the forms with perfectly smooth though thickened palpi;
Beqgot (Malacotricha) those where the hairs on the upper (inner) side’
of second joint are somewhat longer and looser, and Lpicorthylis rep-
resenting those where these hairs are still more developed.
- However, these differences pass so gradually into each other that in
most cases a species can be equally well placed in two of the genera,
and species which are evidently very close otherwise will be found
to differ in respect to these hairs, while others, clearly farther apart,
will be found to agree in the form of the palpi.
In his characterization of 7richotaphe Clemens was aware of these
modifications of the labial palpi, but rightfully gave them only specific
value.
Zeller himself also conceded thist and wrote:
Wahrscheinlich haben die Malacotrichen gleichen Aderverlauf [as Trichotaphe
(A. B.)]. Die kleine Verschiedenheit in der Behaarung der Taster zwischen Malaco-
triche und Trichotaphe hat Clemens sicher mit Recht nicht‘ als Gattungsmerkmal
betrachtet.
And anyone who will compare Zeller’s figures of Apicorthylis and
Malachotriche® and who knows that the venation and other characters
are identical in the two forms will be apt to concede that the two
genera are not separable.
The genus 7richotaphe as here used, including all these closely
related forms is near )psolophus, and some of the species approach
this genus markedly in the form of the palpi as well as in coloration.
Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, p. 279.
*Pl. 11, fig. 13 a. b. and fig. 28 a. b. :
j
:
1
j
|
:
7
:
i
j
i
{
sab
ee eee ee
tte hoes
anlar
——
| xo. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 907
Striking instances of this are e Tr a ioniphe setosella Clemens ‘compared
with Ypsolophus eupatoriclla Chambers and Trichotaphe serrativittella
Zeller compared with Vpsolophus ligulellus Hubner.
_ On the other hand Zrichotaphe comes very close to Anacampsis
Curtis, differing only in the somewhat shorter palpi and in having
veins 2 and 3 in forewing stalked.
| The genus has the following characters: Antenne serrate, often
more or less ciliated. Labial palpi long, recurved, second joint thick-
ened with scales, appressed and smooth in front and laterally, smooth
or more or less long-haired above (on the inside); terminal joint long,
but shorter than second joint, slender, smooth, pointed. Forewings
elongate, apex obtuse, 12 veins, 7 ne 8 stalked, 2 and 3 stalked.
-Hindwings broader than ee slightly sinuate below apex, trape-
-zoidal, aid angle rounded; 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate with a tendency
| ‘to become short-stalked, 5 approximate to 4, 6 and 7 connate with a
tendency to become short-stalked. Discal vein in several species with
(a tendency to become obsolete.
| Depressarva georgiella Walker, which Lord Walsingham placed in
this genus, is unknown to me except from the description, but this, if
correct, clearly shows that the species can not be a Zrichotaphe.
However, as I do not know the species, it must for the present remain
in Trichotaphe, as Walsingham has placed it, but it is not included in
_the synoptic table, by which the species at present recognized may be
separated,
‘cround color of forewings dark, nearly black----..----.2.2...--0s22-+-+-- 1
Greund color lighter, fuscous brown or yellow. -_.-.---{..-...--.-+-+-----+- 9
Porenmines withwiohtveostaled gen. s¢ 2222 2<).o2 ans = le eee sede dss See 2
ce Octalked oem Ob lolitas aye es Se oe ee eS Pe Oh eames Sa a
Seettead and costa reddish brown... -....<.-.....25se.--242-52 costarufoella, p. 909
iteadeandscostamliohiti@chienrOusmcy-e ts 28 sue coe Gee ee Soke Heian oe oe 3
| 3. Costal light area with curved pointed process into the dark dorsal area.
Havocostella, p. 908
Costalsiohtrareawibhowt: such: processs- 22 ss. -n: 26d. ees awn cise = aaeee ee 4
4. Dorsal dark area with single rounded process into the costal light area.
mserrata, p. 908
Dorsal dark area with two small sharp processes into the costal light area.
| serrativittella, yp. 909
fe. Forewings with strong metallic reflections ..............---------2--2---- 6
Harcowinos wathout.such reflections: 5 22...o2s2 ee elf eee a2 et 8
6. With light ocherous costal spot at apical third ....-....-.....-.. alacella, ». 909
7 Pituhiots such OC herous.spUbese=\.o° 5.5 52a Aa oon ee Ses Do Bie ee 7
PewWaith small whitish dot at end of cell ..:.-.-:...-....2-2-- purpureofusca, p. 910
SMiciemoliy SUCHIN Ote = 2. ote 2e tes tree 2S — — — 7 ———
I Gelechia maces Cee Bulle ease Gor Surv., IV, 1878, p.
Gelechia (Trichotaphe) juncidella Watstnanam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. e hila., X,
1882, p. 183.
a Gelechia pallipalpis WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., X XIX, 1864, p. 596.
Depressaria? dubitella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, pp. 90, 91, 92, 128.
Gelechia dubitella CuaAmMBers, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 147; Bull U.S. Geol. Surv.,
SVEMLe Samp eellG:
| Gelechia (Cryptolechia) dubitella CHameBerrs, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., LV, 1878,
p. 148. :
Depressaria ( Gelechia) dubitella Murrretpr, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 221.
Gelechia hallipalpis Rruey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5394, 1891.
— Lord Walsingham is responsible for the synonymy which seems
_ probable from the descriptions. What caused Riley to give Walker’s
_uame [misspelled] precedence in his list I do not know, but the species
— ought to be known as juncidella Clemens, as shown by Lord Walsing-
ham.
| It is one of the most common Gelechiidi in the vicinity of Wash-
FE ington. Miss Murtfeldt has recorded its food plant as Ambros‘a arti-
_misifolia; 1 have reared large series from this plant, and also from A.
_ tripida, and from Solidago and Aster. The larva, which is well de-
scribed by Miss Murtfeldt, folds the edge of the leaf and pupates
within the fold. There are at least two generations in the locality of
~ Washington City.
Chambers described his species from Kentucky; Miss Murtfeldt’s
‘specimen came from Missouri, and Clemens’ specimen presumably
from Pennsylvania. In the National Museum are specimens from the
following localities: Canada, Kansas, Maine, District of Columbia,
Virginia, Maryland, Maine.
( TRICHOTAPHE MELANTHERELLA Busck.
3 Trichotaphe melantherella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XIII, 1900, p. 282, pl.
1, fig. 2; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5663, 1002“Dean, Proc. Ent. Soe.
Wash., IV, 1901, p. 472.
Type.—No. 4939, U.S.N.M.
_ Food plant.—Melanthera deltoidea.
_ Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida.
4
TRICHOTAPHE SETOSELLA Clemens.
Trichotaphe setosella CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 166; Stainton
Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, p. 121.—Zetimr, Verh. k. k. male -bot. Gesell. Wien,
XXIII, 1873, p. 282.—Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5664, 1902.
Gelechia setosella CHAMBERS, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Suryv., IV, 1878, p. 147.
e Begoé costolutella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 209; Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 24.
Gelechia (Malacotricha) bilobella Zeuter, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien,
4 XXIII, 1873, p. 280, pl. tv, fig. 28, a, b.—Watsinenam, Trans. Am Ent.
Soe. Phila., X, 1882, p. 185.
Gelechia bilobella Rttey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5325, 1891.
The great similarity in coloration and size between the two species,
“Trichotaphe setosella Clemens = Begoé costolutella Chambers = JJalaco-
912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV
triche bilobella Zeller, and Ypsolophus (Nothris) eupatoriella Chant
bers = Nothris dolabclla Zeller has very naturally caused some trouble,
A large series of both species is before me. The Ypsolophus species |
I have bred from Lupatorium in Washington City, and there can be no |
doubt but that it represents ewpatoriclla Chambers, nor that this is.
synonymous with Zeller’s dolabella, as thought by Lord Walsingham;
but I can not agree with his Lordship in placing setosella Clemens
synonymous with this species.
Clemens was well acquainted with the genus Ypsolophus, and would }
undoubtedly have placed his species in that genus had it belonged
there. His description fits the Zréchotaphe species better than the
other species, and even if there was a doubt it seems reasonable to |
give Dr. Clemens the benefit thereof, and not remove his species from
the genus which he himself had erected and surely should be supposed)
to ie ;
Lord Walsingham was led to his conclusions through a specimen |
labeled setosella in C. T. Robinson’s collection, but it seems much_
more natural to suppose that this specimen was wrongly labeled—
taking in consideration the great similarity of the two species—than ,
to suppose that Dr. Clemens should not have known an Ypsolophus
when he saw one, but should have described it wrongly under:
another—and his own—genus. :
Clemens’ type is no longer in existence, so absolute proof can n
be obtained; but the circumstantial evidence speaks for Zeller’s view,
that setosella is a Trichotaphe | Malachotriche], as originally described
by Clemens. &
Habitat.—District of Columbia, Ohio (Zeller), Kentucky (Cham-
bers), Pennsylvania (Clemens). In the U.S. National Museum are
specimens from New York and Texas.
B
TRICHOTAPHE INVERSELLA Zeller.
Epicorthylis inversella ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXIII, 1878, |
p. 248, pl. a fig. 13, a, b.—Cuambers, Bull. U. 8.-Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, |
p. 140; Can. Ent., X, 1878, p. 54; Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1880, |
pp. 198, 202, fig. 13.—Riey, Smith’ s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5559, 1891. |
Trichotaphe inversella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5665, 1902.
I have examined specimens determined by Chambers in the U. Ss. 1
National Museum and in Professor Fernald’s collection; also several |
other spec imens in the National Museum, and in Dr. Dietz’s collection,
allagreeing with Zeller’s type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
in Cambridge, and with his description and figure. . |
Psst
The difference in labial palpi is only a difference in degree, not in
kind, and the species can well be included in Zrichotaphe on that |
account. :
Zeller writes that veins 7 and 8 in forewing ‘‘die Fliigelspitz |
umfasst;” but the apex in this species, as in most of.the species belon |
) |
| no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 913
7 ing to Trichotaphe, is not pointed, but rounded. It is a matter of taste
_ where the extreme point is, and it can just as well be said that veins
and 8 go to costa, as is characteristic for the entire family Gelechiide.
Chambers’ figure of the venation of this species! is wrong in several
points besides the one in hindwing, corrected by Chambers in the mar-
- gin of H. Edwards’ copy and recorded by Mr. William Bentenmiiller.’
_ The form of the wing is not correct, the stalk of veins 2 and 3 in fore-
wings is longer than represented in the figure and vein 8 is omitted.
All the specimens I have met with came from Texas.
TRICHOTAPHE CONDALIAVORELLA Busck.
32;
Trichotaphe condaliavorella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 232;
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5666, 1902.—Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., IV,
1901, p. 473.
Type.—No, 4940, U.S.N.M.
Food plant.— Condalia ferred.
Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida.
\
TRICHOTAPHE CHAMBERSELLA Murtfeldt.
Gelechia chambersella Murtreipt, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 222; Can. Ent., XIII,
1881, p. 242.—CHamBers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p. 240; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 116, 142.—Rriney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am.,
No. 5336, 1891.
Gelechia inxquepulvella CHAMBERS, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., I, 1875, p. 239; Bull.
U.S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 144.—Rriiey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No.
5388, 1891.
Trichotaphe chambersella Buscx, Dvyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5667, 1902.
There may be some question as to the right of giving Miss Murt-
feldt’s name priority; but inasmuch as: she certainly had her name in
print (though without description of the species) and inasmuch as her
“biological note on the food plant given at that time really is of quite
as much value in recognizing the species as Chambers’ mere excuse
for a description, I give her name preference, the more so because it
surely was Chambers’ inexcusable fault that a synonym was made,
| and because only through Miss Murtfeldt has the species and its
synonymy been finally cleared up.
It appears from correspondence I have had with Miss Murtfeldt
that she sent the first specimen bred by ber to Chambers for determi-
nation; that he pronounced it a new species and agreed that Miss Murt-
feldt should name it after him; that he thereafter, on the single
Specimen received from Miss Murtfeldt, made a new species, ¢neque-
pulvella, forgetting or mistaking the identity of the specimen in such
‘a degree that he, on the very next page, mentions haying received
| such a specimen and compares it with his ambrosixella.
This single original type specimen is still found in Cambridge in
—————
? Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 202, fig. 13. 2Ent. Am., V, p. 37,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——58
914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
poor but recognizable condition, labeled by Chambers ¢newquepulvella,
and proving beyond a doubt that it really is Miss Murtfeldt’s species.
In Amherst, in Professor Fernald’s collection, I have examined Miss
Murtfeldt’s type, and I have also received identical authenticated
specimens from Miss Murtfeldt.
In the U. 8. National Museum are, besides these, two identical
specimens bred by Mr. Coquillet in Los Angeles, California, from the
same food plant as Miss Murtfeldt recorded, Ambrosia artimisifolia.
Mr. Coquillet has kindly given me his notes on the larva, which are
identical with Miss Murtfeldt’s careful description. I have also bred
the species from same food-plant in Washington and in Kentucky.
TRICHOTAPHE LACTIFLOSELLA Chambers.
Gelechia lactiflosella CuAmMBeErs, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, pp. 89, 144.—
Rivey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5398, 1891.
Trichotaphe lactiflosella Buscx, Dyar’s ie Amer. Lep., No. 5668, 1902.
The unique type of this easily recognized, large, light-yellow species
wWis found in the Museum of Cone onlcs: in Cambridge,
in good condition, authenticated by Chambers’ label and agreeing
with his description.
I have taken several specimens of this species this summer at light
on Plummers Island in the Potomac River, Maryland.
The type is from Texas.
TRICHOTAPHE TRIMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia trimaculella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 238; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 147.—Rriney, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5500, 1891.
Trichotaphe trimaculella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5669, 1902.
Chambers’ type from Miss Murtfeldt’s collection, now in Professor
Fernald’s possession, agrees with his types in Cambridge and with his
description.
It is an easily recognized species, of which I have found examples
in the unnamed material in the U. S. National Museum.
It isa typical Zrichotaphe and has a similar very striking counter-
part in }psolophus touceyellus Busck (Anarsia trimaculella Chambers)
(p. 922), as Trichotaphe setosella has in Ypsolophus eupatoriella (p. 925).
This recurring specific similarity between species of the two genera
is an interesting proof of their near relationship. The species was
described from Kentucky; the specimen in the U.S. National Museum
came from Texas. I have also taken it at light in District of Columbia.
TRICHOTAPHE BIDISCOMACULELLA Chambers.
Gelechia bidiscomaculella CuHamBers, Can. Ent., VI, 1874, p. 241; Bull. U. S.
Geol. Sury., IV, 1878, p. 141.—Riixy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5324,
1891.
Trichotaphe bidiscomaculella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5670, 1902.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHITD MOTHS—BUSCK. 915
Chambers described his Gelechia bidiscomaculclla from a single
specimen, with palpi missing, collected in Texas. This type specimen
is no longer in existence, and absolute certainty concerning the species
is therefore not obtainable.
_ Chambers says that it is ‘‘ perhaps a variety of swbruberella Cham-
_ bers,” described on the same page, which species. he again writes, is
**perhaps a variety of rufusella Chambers,” and which I, after care-
ful consideration of all the material of rufusella |= Anacampsis ful-
| lonella Zeller, p. 849], had placed as synonym of that species.
It is evident that b/discomaculella must be very similar to this
species.
In Professor Fernald’s collection is what was supposed to be a type
of Gelechia rufusella, with label to that effect in Chambers’ hand-
writing. This specimen is from Texas, wherefrom both the above
species were described, and it is very similar specifically to rfusella
(Anacampsis fullonella), but belongs to the genus Tricotaphe, and
could not be rufusella, because Chambers expressly emphasizes that
this species has the terminal joint of labial palpi longer than second joint,
as have also the other types of rufusella, while the specimen in Pro-
fessor Fernald’s collection has the terminal joint decidedly shorter than
second.
It agrees with Chambers’ short description of Gelechia bidiscomac-
uldla, and, aside from the difference in the length of labial palpi,
differs from rfusella in having underside of thorax and legs black,
with narrow white annulations on the tarsi. Second joint of palpi is
also-deep black on the underside except at apex.
I believe this specimen represents Gelechia bidiscomaculella, and
have consequently referred that species to the present genus.
( I know of no other specimens of this species.
TRICHOTAPHE FERNALDELLA, new species.
Trichotaphe fernaldella Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5671, 1902.
Antenne dark fuscous with narrow yellow annulations; cilia less
than I. Labial palpi long, perfectly smooth, light straw yellow;
second joint thickened with appressed scales, terminal joint nearly as
long as second. Face, head, and thorax light straw yellow. Fore-
Wings more pointed than usual in the genus, light straw yellow with
the intervals between the veins slightly deeper colored.
One dark fuscous round dot is on the middle of the cell, another
similar one at the end of the cell. Around the apical edge is a thin
dark line, and just inside this along the edge of the wing is a row of
small dark fuscous dots. Cilia whitish yellow with two indistinct yel-
lowish fuscous lines parallel with the edge of the wing. Hindwings
very light whitish straw colored, the edge darker; cilia white.
_ Abdomen yellowish white. Legs light straw colored without any
markings,
=
916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Alar expanse.—18 mm.
Habitat.—Orono, Maine.
Type.—No. 6393, U.S.N.M.
Other specimens in Professor Fernald’s collection.
The species has a certain general resemblance to Gelechia petasitis
Pfaffenzeller, with which species it had been confounded in Pro-
fessor Fernald’s collection.
Iam glad to name this very distinct species after Professor Fernald,
to whom the U.S. National Museum is indebted for the type and to
whom the writer is under many obligations for much valuable help
kindly extended during these studies.
TRICHOTAPHE ? GEORGIELLA Walker.
Depressaria georgiella WALKER, Cat. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., XX XV, 1866, p. 1827.
Trichotaphe georgiella WALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 312.—Busck,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, p. 731; Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No.
5672, 1902.
Walker says in his description of this species:
Second joint of labial palpi with a long tuft at the tip beneath, third joint much
longer than second.
Which clearly shows that it can not be a 7richotaphe, as suggested
by Lord Walsingham; but as I have not recognized the species, type
of which is in Lord Walsingham’s possession, it must for the present
remain in this genus, as he has placed it.
GLYPHIDOCERA Walsingham.
Plate X XXII, fig. 34.
Glyphidocera W ALSINGHAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 531, pl. xu, fig. 8.
Antenne slightly serrate and in the males deeply notched on the
upper side of the joint next to the basal one; in the females simple,
without notch, but the outer end of the basal joint is somewhat
enlarged. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Labial palpi long, recurved,
smooth, somewhat compressed laterally, sharpened in front; terminal
joint pointed, shorter than second joint. Forewing elongate, rounded
at apex, slightly arched at extreme base of costa, costal and dorsal
edge parallel; 11 veins, vein 8 absent, 7 to costa, 2 and 3 staiked.
Hindwings twice as broad as forewings, termen slightly sinuate, 8
veins, 3 and 4 stalked, 6 and 7 stalked.
The notched antenne in the male are exceptional in the family Gele-
chiide, and found only in this and in the following genus; they are
exactly similar to the antenne found in some of the Blastobaside.
Lord Walsingham placed this genus in Xyloryctide, but it falls
naturally in the present family.
The two recognized American species of this genus may easily be
eerie sh eee
waist
-
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 917
separated by the characters given below. I have met with two other
species of this genus, but have not sufficient good material to describe
them.
With face, head, and thorax dark fuscous .........------------- floridanella, p. 917.
With face, head, and thorax light ochreous. ........-----------«quepulvella, p. 917.
GLYPHIDOCERA FLORIDANELLA Busck.
Glyphidocera floridanella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, IV, 1901, p. 474;
Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5673, 1902.
Type.—No. 5663, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Palm Beach, Florida.
GLYPHIDOCERA A QUEPULVELLA Chambers.
Gelechia xquepulvella CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 192; Can. Ent., VI,
1874, p. 230; Cinn. Quart. Journ., IT, 1875, p. 246; Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv.,
III, 1877, pp. 125, 141; IV, 1878, p. 141.—Rizey, Smith’s List Lep, Bor.
Am., No. 5300, 1891.
Glyphidocera xquepulvella Buscx, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., LV, 1901, p. 475; Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5674, 1902.
In the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge was found 11
specimens labeled by Chambers (elechia xquepulvella and agreeing
with his description.
They unquestionably represent this species and show that it belongs
to the present interesting genus.
I have met with only one other specimen in U.S. National Museum,
from Texas, probably received from Chambers, who also recorded the
species from Kentucky, Colorado, and California.
ANORTHOSIA Clemens.
Plate XXXII, fig. 35.
Anorthosia CLEMENS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 156.
Sagaritis CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p. 225.
Antenne in male with deep notch above near base like in the pre-
ceding genus; in female simple, without the notch. Labial palpi with
second joint clothed beneath with porrected appressed long stiff hairs,
above with large expansible tuft of hairs; terminal joint erect, slender,
pointed. Forewings elongate, narrow, pointed; 12 veins, 7 and 8
stalked to costa, 2 and 3 stalked. Hindwings narrower than fore-
wings, pointed, termen sinuate below apex; 8 veins, 3 and 4 connate,
5 approximate to 4, 6 and 7 connate, transverse vein nearly obsolete
between 5 and 6.
Clemens says in his description and shows in his figure that terminal
joint of labial palpi is emitted from apical third of second joint,
while it in reality is emitted from the end of second joint proper, as
denuding shows, and only look otherwise on account of the protrud-
ing hairs on the underside.
918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX¥._ |
S ee
Strangely enough neither Clemens nor Lord Walsingham observed —
the striking antennal structure in the male; Clemens’ figure of the-
antenne is that of the female.
Lord Walsingham writes’ that veins 3 and 4 in hindwing are sepa-
rate in Anorthosia. This isa mistake and in variance with Clemens’
description and figure as well as with specimens of Anorthosia puncti-
pennella, undoubtedly correctly determined by Lord Walsingham in
the collections of U. S. National Museum, Dr. Dietz, Professor
Fernald, and in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, bear-
ing Walsingham’s blue labels No. 319, 327, and others.
And if Anorthosia straminis Walsingham, described from Africa,
has the alleged venation it can not properly be included in this genus.
Of Chambers’ genus Sagaritis no authentic material exists, but his
description leads me to believe that it must be identical with Anortho-
sia, though several minor details of his figure of the venation differ
from the true venation of Anorthosia; but nearly all of Chambers’
delineations are more or less incorrect and can not be depended upon.
I am so fortunate as to have my opinion corroborated by Lord
Walsingham, who independently concluded that Sagaritis was syn-
onymous with Anorthosia, but still this question will be open to doubt
until we know the American fauna much more intimately than we
do now.
Only the two species are included, and I feel rather confident that
Chambers’ species is even specifically identical with Anorthosia puncti-
pennella, and can not, from his short description, choose any differ-
ences from that species which may not be omissions caused by an
imperfect specimen used as type; but at present I think it more
proper and safe to retain gracélella as a distinct species until further
knowledge of our fauna is obtained.
ANORTHOSIA PUNCTIPENNELLA Clemens.
Anorthosia punctipennella CuEmMENs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p, 15;
Stainton Ed. N. Am. Tin., 1872, p. iiii—CHamBers, Can. Ent., IV, 1872, p.
225; VI, 1874, p. 245.—WatstneHam, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 110.—
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5522, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List,
Amer. Lep., No. 5675, 1902.
Clemens’s type is lost, but there is no difficulty in identifying this
peculiar species. I have examined many specimens determined by
Lord Walsingham, who had seen Clemens’ original specimen, and I
have repeatedly taken this species in the vicinity of Washington.
The highly specialized palpi give the insect a peculiar bearded
appearance when it is excited and spreads the long hairs out laterally
on each side of the face. The early stages are not known.
Habitat.—Eastern United States.
1 Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1891, p. 110.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. SES)
ANORTHOSIA GRACILELLA Chambers.
Sagaritis gracilella CHamBerrs, Can. Ent., IV, 1874, p. 226; Bull. U. 8S. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 162.—Ruiuey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5544, 1891.
Anorthosia gracilella, Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5676, 1902.
The species is unknown to me if it does not eventually prove the
same as the foregoing, when it is found that the description can not be
applied to any other Gelechiid.
Habitat.—Kentucky.
ENCHRYSA Zeller.
Enchrysa ZELLER, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 282.
I am not personally acquainted with this genus except from Zeller’s
description and figure and from the following notes kindly sent me
by Mr. J. Hartley Durrant on the unique type in Lord Walsingham’s
collection.
As Zeller’s generic description and figure certainly must be incor-
rect, I have relied exclusively on the notes on the type, which are as
follows:
Type minus abdomen and one hindwing and the whole insect rickety. I found
this very difficult to study, fearing it would fall to pieces at. the least jar. It is a
very distinct thing; you will know it at once if you see a specimen. Antenne den-
tate, palpi smooth, terminal joint distinctly shorter than median. Forewings
impressed on costa toward apex; 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to immediately above
apex, 3 from before angle of cell. Hindwings elongate, widening outward; apex
pointed, produced; termen excavate beneath apex, slightly emarginate above tornus;
8 veins, 3, 4, and 5 remote, nearly parallel, 7 and 8 remote. Very close to Aristotelia,
from which I think it is perhaps separable, but I have had great difficulty in study-
ing the type. Zeller’s figure satisfactory so far as it goes. I dare not trust this
specimen to the post; it would certainly fall all to pieces.
I have placed this genus, following Zeller, next to YVpsolophus, but
it does seem evident that it is much nearer Aristotelia, as Mr. Durrant
writes.
Only the one species has been described.
ENCHRYSA DISSECTELLA Zeller.
Enchrysa dissectella ZevuErR, Verh. k. k. zool.—bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873,
p. 283, pl. iv, fig. 29ab.—CHamBers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Sury., IV, 1878,
p. 140.—Rttey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5593, 1891.—Busck, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5677, 1902.
The unique type is in the Walsingham’s collection. It was described
from Ohio.
No other specimen has been recognized, but it must be a striking
little animal, and should be recognized from Zeller’s figure and descrip-
tion without any difficulty.
9230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE. NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
YPSOLOPHUS Pabricivise:
Ypsolophus Fasricius, Supplementum Ent. Syst., Hafnive, 1798, p. 421, pl. xxxv1.
Labial palpi long curved, second joint thickened, with dense pro- |
jecting tuft of long hairs beneath, sometimes rough above; terminal
as long or longer than second, slender pointed.
Forewings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 2 and 3 stalked; hindwings {|
as broad or broader than forewings, trapezoidal apex obtusely pointed, |
termen Slightly sinuate; 8 veins, 8 and 4 connate or stalked, 5 approxi- |
mate to 4, 6 and 7 closely approximate, connate or stalked.
Mr. E. Meyrick made Nothris Hiitbner synonymous with Ypsolo- |
phus,' and the species hitherto placed in that genus in America, —
which are known to me, conform well with the definition of Ypsolo- |
phus, except Nothris maligemmella Murtfeldt, which is a Blastobasid, —
lately referred to the genus Z/olcocera Clemens,” and Ypsolophus |
trimaculellus Fitch, which has been discovered to belong to the family
(Xcophoride and has been made the type of a new genus Humeyrichkia
Busck.?*
The other species probably belong in the present genus, but unfor-
tunately some of them are known only from the descriptions, all
authentic material being lost.
By continued breeding of good series of Ypsolophus, however, all
of them may in time be rediscovered, but at present it is not safe from
the more or less meager descriptions to even include them in the fol- —
lowing table, which then only contains such species as are recognized —
at present.
Hindwings bluish, iridescent semitransparent.............-.-.-- ligulellus, p. 921
Blind wings not:do . 22286 2 f= hs Se a ie Sere ee 1
1. Forewings with dark dorsal spot at apical third..............- citrifoliellus, p. 923
Forewings without such spot 4525) - cic. oa. cb cbc cee ete ee 2
2. Forewings with large black spot on disk.....-- ee hae oa eapatoriellus, p. 9265
Hore wines without laroe) spot Om Gis kee saree pee ern 3
3: Forewings with distinct discal /spots....222..- Sse 4. oes eee eee 4
Forewings without distinct discal spots ............-...-.--- caryefoliellus, p. 923
#. ‘Discal spota light: browmics.<.22 2 neeese eee eee eee punctidiscellus, p. 922
Discal spots not. light brown. 7-23.22) Be eee eee 5
5. With no white scales in-discal spots. .: 2-s25e50sceo- a+ ee ee 6
With white scales in discal gpote... 22: S25 sens oe ee es 7
6. With apical row of black:dots < A5s2 one s5een eee bipunctellus, p. 923
Without such row’ of apical dots i221 6. esa eee eee touceyellus, p. 922
7. White part of discal spots large, prominent.........-...---.---- trinotellus, p. 923
White part of discal spots small, not prominent.........-------- ventrellus, p. 924
Not included in synoptic table: madifoliellus, p. 925; quercicellus, p. 926; roseocostel-
lus, p. 926; bimaculellus, p. 926; grisseellus, p. 927; rusticus, p. 927.
1Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1887, p. 274.
* Journ. New York Ent. Soc., X, 1902, p. 96.
SJourn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 1902, p. 94.
The National Museum specimen is Chambers’ true type from Texas, |
while the Cambridge specimen is his later example from Kentucky. |
The species is a true Ypsolophus. I have met with no other speci- |
mens.
PAST 4
1 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., X, 1902, p. 94.
no. 1304. REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 993
YPSOLOPHUS BIPUNCTELLUS Walsingham.
Ypsolophus bipunctellus WAtsiNGHAM, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Phila., X, 1886, p.
186.—RiLEy, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5523, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s
List Amer. Lep., No. 5681, 1902.
The type of this species is in Professor Fernald’s collection, where
I have examined it; identical specimen from Nantucket Island, Massa-
chusetts, is in the U. S. National Museum. (Ac. No. 34727.)
YPSOLOPHUS TRINOTELLUS Coquillett.
Nothris trinotella CoquitueTT, Papilio, III, 1883, p. 81.—Packarp, Rep. U. S.
Ent. Comm., V, 1890, p. 640.
Ypsolophus trinotellus Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5682, 1902.
Type of this very distinct species is in Professor Fernald’s collection
in very poor condition, consisting of head, thorax, and one forewing.
The species is, however, different from all others described, and easily
recognized from the description.
Food plant.—Hazel.
Habitat.—I\inois.
YPSOLOPHUS CITRIFOLIELLUS Chambers.
Nothris citrifoliella CuaMBers, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1880, p. 184.—
Comstock, Rep. U. 8. Dept. of Agr., 1880, p. 205.—RuiLey, Smith’s List Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5536, 1891.
Ypsolophus citrifoliellus Buscx, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5685, 1902.
The original bred series from which Chambers described this species
is still in U. S. National Museum in fine condition.
It is a very distinct, easily recognized species.
Food plant.—Orange.
Habitat.—Florida.
YPSOLOPHUS CARYAFOLIELLUS, Chambers.
Ypsolophus caryefoliela CHAMBERS, Can. Ent., [V, 1872, p. 224; Bull. U. 8. Geol.
Surv., IV, 1878, p. 166.
Ypsolophus caryzfoliellus Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5524, 1891.—
Busck, Dyar’s List Amer. Lep., No. 5684, 1902.
A specimen in the U. S. National Museum determined by Lord
Walsingham agrees well with Chambers’ description (except that its
alar expanse is 23 mm., not as Chambers’ type, 21 mm.), and undoubt-
edly represents this species; it is from Miss Murtfeldt, Missouri.
There is also a specimen from Texas (Beutenmiiller). The species was
described from Kentucky.
According to Chambers the larva is green, with six narrow, longi-
tudinal, interrupted white lines; head ferruginous, first thoracic
segment brown, thoracic feet black. At maturity it becomes white,
suffused with pink, and with the longitudinal lines deep pink.
Food plant.— Carya alba.
924 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. OL. XXV,
YPSOLOPHUS VENTRELLUS Fitch.
Cheetochilus ventrellus Frrcu, Trans. N. Y. State Agr. Soc., XIII, 1854, p. 234.
Ypsolophus ventrellus CHAMBERS, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 167.— |
Ritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5534, 1891.—Buscx, Dyar’s List.
Amer. Lep., No. 5685, 1902. ;
Ypsolophus unicipunctellus CLemENs, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., II, 1860, p. 125;
Stainton Ed. Tin. N. Am., 1872, p. 229.—Zenier, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot.)
Gesell. Wien, XXIII, 1873, p. 286.—CHampers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survy.,—
IV, 1878, p. 167.—WatstneHam, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. Phila, X, 1882, |
p. 186.—Rritey, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5533, 1891. +
Clemens’ type of this species is lost, ab in the U. S. National |
Museum are three specimens agreeing well with the description and_ )
determined as wnicipunctella Clemens by Lord Walsingham, who |
has examined Clemens’ type. These specimens undoubtedly repre-
sent Clemens’ species; they are identical with Fitch’s type of ventrel- |
dus, Which was found with his large handwritten label in his collection |
now in U. S. National Museum. |
There is also a series of bred specimens of this species. They beall |
the label of U. 8. Department Agriculture, no. 242, and the following” |
are Professor Riley’s unpublished notes on the ie
Found at Glenwood, Mo., folding up the leaves of the black oak in little tubes. |
Length, 0.60 of an inch. . shee 2 eames ds as
Pe eM ALONE ORMeCUIUaTt tO DINtELL GK ILC hyss = See eso Sec eee eee
16. Venation of Trypanisma prudens Clemens -.......-.-----------:---
PLATE XXX.
20. Venation of Gnorimoschema gallexsolidaginis Riley
20.* Head of Gnorimoschema gallesolidaginis Riley .....---.---.--------
21. Venation of Neodactylota snellenella, male, Walsingham -.........--
22. Venation of Neodactylota snellenella, female, Walsingham
'U. S. Dept. Agricult., Div. of Entom., Bull. 10, new series, 1898, p. 7.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxv—02 59
co OD OO
2
Ss ast
oO CO Q
HOooOnet
792
794
794
800
800
804
806
807
S07
812
815
817
820
821
824
824
856
836
Fig. 23.
Fig.
24.
24.%*
bo bo bo bo bo
© OTS ON
*
*
yo bo
See
oo
par
32.
. 33.
od.
34.*
30.
35.*
36.
36.*
37.
37.*
- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Venation of Neodactylota barberella, male, Busck.......------------
Venation ‘of Deoclona yuccaselia Buseck... 262 S8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 808.
Clemens’ type No. 77 of Hvagora apicitripunctella lacks the wings
on the right side, but is otherwise in perfect condition and proves my
determination of the species to have been correct. It is the small
ocherous species described later by Packard as Gelechia abietisella,'
not as determined by Lord Walsingham, the larger, darker fuscous
species described by Zeller as Gelechia gilvoscopella.”
TRYPANISMA PRUDENS Clemens.
Trypanisma prudens Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 815.
Clemens’ type No. 82 of this species is like my bred specimens,
thus confirming the present conception.
EPITHECTIS SUBSIMELLA Clemens.
Hpithectis subsimella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXV, p. 819.
The head and thorax are all that there is left of the type of Parasia ?
subsimella, Clemens’ No. 98, and they are not in sufficiently good con-
dition to definitely determine the species.
The fragments, however, agree with the corresponding parts of the
specimen which I determined as this species, and in the absence of
further light this must be ae as representing the species, which
I feel confident it does.
EPITHECTIS GALLA2GENITELLA Clemens.
Epithectis gallegenitella Busck, Proce. U. 8., Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 819.
Clemens’ type No. 229 of Gelechia gallegenitella is in good condition,
though lacking the left wings. It confirms my identification of the
species.
GNORIMOSCHEMA BRACKENRIDGIELLA Busck,
Gelechia brackenridgiella Busck, Proce. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 894.
The type of Gelechia detersella, Clemens’ No. 75, was found in good
condition, though lacking the left wings.
‘Rept. Dept. Agr., 1860, p. 150.
* Verh. zool-bot. Gesell., Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 266.
“ar rs
ge
ete.
pear, oe.
o
| No. 1304 =REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 935
It proves the species to belong to the genus Gnorimoschema Busck,
and is very close to but distinet from scutel/aridla Chambers.’ The
differences are not apparent to the naked eye, but under the lens it is
easily seen that the ground color in defersel/a is whitish overlaid with
dark fuscous, each scale being dark tipped, while in scutellariella the
ground color is dark, with the scales tipped with blaish white. More-
over, detersclia has three indistinct dark spots on the wings not found
in scutellariella—on the middle of the cell, on at the end of the cell, and
a third still less conspicuous on the fold; only the first of these is men-
tioned by Clemens. On the other hand scutellariel/a has very indis-
tinct costal and dorsal whitish streaks at apical third not found in
Clemens’s species.
The removal of this species to Gnorimoschema may make the change
of specific name questionable, but for the present I shall retain the
new name.
APROAZEREMA NIGRATOMELLA Clemens.
Aproxrema nigratomella Buscx, Proc. U.8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 843.
Clemens’ type No. 187 of Gelechia nigratomella agrees with the
present conception of the species, but his type No. 195 of Gelechia
apicilinella is unfortunately lost, so that the synonymy of these species
as determined by Professor Riley can not be sustained nor rejected.
It must remain as settled by Professor Riley, though to my mind this
synonymy seems doubtful.
ANACAMPSIS RHOIFRUCTELLA Clemens.
Anacampsis rhoifructella BuscKk, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 845.
Clemens’ type No. 71 of Gelechia rhoifructella substantiates my
determination of this species.
ANACAMPSIS AGRIMONIELLA Clemens.
Anacampsis agrimoniella Buscx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 850.
Clemens’ type No. 68 of Gelechia agrimoniella proves the present
conception of that species correct.
ANACAMPSIS LEVIPEDELLA Clemens.
| Anacampsis levipedella Buscx, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 851.
Clemens’ perfect type No. 182 of Strobisia levipedella is the same
as specimens thus determined by the writer, and definitely proves that
the species belongs to the present genus.
GELECHIA MEDIOFUSCELLA Clemens.
Gelechia mediofuscella Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 885.
Clemens’ type No. 188 of this species proves Lord Walsingham’s
identification of this common form to be correct.
1Busck, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 834.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02——60
Gat
936 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX
GELECHIA GILVOMACULELLA Clemens.
Gelechia gilvomaculella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 896.
The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 290, proves it to be a true |)
Gelechia and the same as Gelechia biminimaculella Chambers.’ This |
name, therefore, must give way to the earlier one of Clemens. Speci- |
mens of this species compared with both Clemens’ and Chambers’ types |
are now in the U. S. National Museum.
GELECHIA PULLIFIMBRIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia pullifimbriella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 900.
Clemens’ type No. 191 of this species proves it to be a small, nearly |
unicolorous, dark fuscous Ge/echia, unlike any other described species }
known to me. Clemens’ description is accurate, but the discal spots
he mentions are very indistinct and easily overlooked. Alar expanse,
12 mm.
GELECHIA BRUMELLA Clemens.
Gelechia brumella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 893.
The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 196, shows that the species
belongs to Gelechia, and that it is nearest Gelechia vernella Murt-
feldt.” It is, however, a Jarger species, with alar expanse of 20 mm.,
and it has a deeper brown ground color.
GELECHIA ORNATIFIMBRIELLA Clemens.
Gelechia ornatifimbriella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 899.
Clemens’ type No. 228 proves the species to be a true Gelechia and —
identical with Zeller’s Gelechia unctulella,* which name must be
dropped for the earlier ornatifimbriella. Clemens’ description is very
poor, both imperfect and incorrect, and should not be relied on for
identification of the species.
GELECHIA VIDUELLA Fabricius.
Gelechia labradoriella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 897.
Type No. 186 of Gelechia labradoriella is in poor condition, but
easily recognizable from Clemens’ description. I can find no differ-
ences between it and authentic specimens of the European (e/echia
viduella Fabricius, with which it was tentatively made a synonym in
Staudinger and Rebels’s Catalogue Lepidoptera Europe, No. 2618,
1901, and the species must be known by this much older name.
It is a striking species of the black and white marked group, and
comes between (Gelechia luqubrella Fabricius and albilorella Zeller,
1 Busck, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 881.
*Tdem., p. 884.
*Idem., p, 878.
No. 1304. =REVISION OF AMERICAN GELECHIID MOTHS—BUSCK. 937
differing from the Ponies by the ee head and the tr ous Ww sities
costal spot between the two fasciv, and from the latter by its dark
thorax and straight outer fascia, as well as by the form of the costal
spot.
. GELECHIA PUNCTIFERELLA Clemens.
Gelechia punctiferella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXV, p. 900.
The undoubtedly authentic type of this species, Clemens’ No. 193,
‘agreeing minutely with his description, proves that the species does
not belong to the family Gelechitda, but that it is the same species
which Zeller subsequently ' Geeenined as [Typatima subsenella.
The generic determination of this species by Zeller may need correc-
tion, but as Lord Walsingham is working on a monograph of the A/as-
tobasida I shall leave this question to his judgment, and for the present
retain the species in //ypatima. Clemens’ earlier specific name, how-
ever, must replace swbsemella.
GELECHIA FLEXURELLA Clemens.
Gelechia flecurella Busck, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 895.
Clemens’ types of this species No. 94 and 95, according to his list,
are unfortunately lost, and the species remains unrecognized; pro-
visionally retained in Gelechia.
GELECHIA MIMELLA Clemens.
Gelechia mimella BuscK, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXV, p. 898.
The type of this species, Clemens’ No. 96, is also lost, and the
species remain in the same condition as the foregoing.
MENESTA TORTRICIFORMELLA Clemens.
Menesta tortriciformella Buscx, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 903.
Clemens’ type No. 100 of this species proves the present conception
correct.
—
STROBISIA IRRIDIPENNELLA Clemens.
Strobisia irridipennella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 904.
Type No. 73 of this species verifies the present conception.
STROBISIA EMBLEMELLA Clemens.
Strobisia emblemella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 905.
Type No. 74 of this species verifies the present concepti:
TRICHOTAPHE FLAVOCOSTELLA Clemens.
Trichotaphe flavocostella Buscx, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XX V, p. 908.
Clemens’ type No. 69 of Gelechia Va ces als confirms the present
conception of the species.
se 'Verh. k. k. zool-bot. Gesell. Wien, X XIII, 1873, p. 302.
~—~N
938 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
TRICHOTAPHE ALACELLA Clemens.
Trichotaphe alacella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 909.
Clemens’ type No. 115 of this species confirms the present conception. |
TRICHOTAPHE JUNCIDELLA Clemens.
Trichotaphe juncidella Buscx, Proc. Us S. Nat: Mus., XXV, p. 910.
Clemens’ type No. 79 verifies the present conception of this species.
TRICHOTAPHE SETOSELLA Clemens.
Trichotaphe setosella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 911.
Clemens’ type No. 78 of this species substantiates my contention
against Lord Walsingham’s determination at proves that it is rightly |
placed under 77ic eae
ANORTHOSIA PUNCTIPENNELLA Clemens.
Anorthosia punctipennella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXV, p. 918.
Clemens’ type No. 66 of this species confirms the present conception.
YI
YPSOLOPHUS LIGULELLUS Hiibner.
Ypsolophus ligulellus Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 921.
Clemens’ type No. 206 of Ypsolophus pauciquttellus verifies the
synonymy with the above species, as determined by Lord Walsingham.
The type of Ypsolophus flavivittellus is lost, but there is no doubt
of this species being the extreme variety of the same species.
YPSOLOPHUS PUNCTIULISCELLUS Clemens.
Ypsolophus punctidiscellus Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 922.
Clemens’ type No. 205 confirms the present conception of this species.
ANARSIA LINEATELLA Zeller.
Anorsia lineatella Buscx, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XV, p. 928.
Clemens’ types, male and female, of Anarsia pruniella, Nos. 86, 87,
confirms the present conception of this species as synonymous with the
European /ineatella Zeller.
>)
oe
A REVIEW OF THE DRAGONETS (CALLIONYMIDA) AND
RELATED FISHES OF THE WATERS OF JAPAN.
By Davin Starr Jorpan and Henry W. Fow en,
Of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
In this paper is given an account of the Cal/onymide of Japan.
It is based on specimens collected by Jordan and Snyder in the summer
of 1900 and specimens collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer
Albatross. Series are deposited in the United States National Museum
and in the museum of Leland Stanford Junior University.
Two families may be recognized among the Japanese Dragonets:
a. Preopercle unarmed; opercle and subopercle rudimentary, each with astraightish,
sharp spine; no lateral line; gill openings moderate --------- DRACONETTID #, I.
aa. Preopercle with a long spine at its angle; opercle unarmed; lateral line present;
alopeningd vernon lees aos ne oneness =a os CALLIONYMID&y II.
Family I. DRACONETTID.
This family is allied to the Callionym/dex, differing very widely in
the armature of the head, the preopercle being entire, the opercle and
subopercle reduced, each consisting mainly of a nearly straight, sharp,
simple spine. The gill openings are much wider than in Callionyiius,
but the gill membranes are broadly united to the isthmus. No lateral
line. In spite of the singular armature of the head, this group prob-
ably belongs near to the Ca///onymidex, which family it resembles in
external characters. It bas also much in common with Bembrops and
Pteropsaron.
1. DRACONETTA Jordan and Fowler.
Draconetta JORDAN and FowLEr, new genus (.renica).
The characters of the genus are included above.
(draconetta, a quasi-Latin form of the English name Dragonet.)
1. DRACONETTA XENICA Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head, 34 in length; depth, 7; D. 11-12; A.,12; P., 23; V.1,5. Body
elongate, compressed in front, and with the greatest depth about the
anterior dorsal region, the trunk more or less rounded, and tapering
behind. Head moderately large, compressed above so that its greatest
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXV—No. 1305.
939
940 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
depth is two-thirds its width; the upper profile greatly i
blunt angle forming over the eyes; snout pointed, compressed, its!
length two-thirds its width and also a little more than half the eyes,
eyes very large, superior, almost touching each other, directed upward, ,
and about 23 oe the head; mouth large, inferior, aged to the eye, and}
the maxillary extending for the first third of the eye; teeth in the|_
jaws in villiform bands; the upper jaw protrudes but very slightly |
beyond the lower; edge of preoperculum entire; operculum and sub-}
operculum each with strong spine posteriorly, the lower about in the | |
middle of the height of body and the upper above and directed obliquely |
upward, with its posterior portion curved; top of the head striate |
behind the eyes. Gill opening rather broad. |
Origin of spinous dorsal over that of the pectorals, the first spine
the longest and equal to the space between the origins of the two pec- |
torals, which is greater than the height of the body; soft dorsal much
higher than the spinous dorsal, its origin in advance of that of the!
Fic, 1.—DRACONETTA XENICA,
anal; anal high, its base a little less than the soft dorsal; pectorals |
shorter than the head; ventrals jugular, shorter than the pectorals, not —
reaching the vent, and one-third as long again as the first dorsal spine; |
caudal fin long, equal to the ventral, and rounded. Caudal peduncle
deeper than broad, its depth 2 in the eye. ,
Color in alcohol very pale brown, a little darker above, and mottled |
and spotted with dark brown; 5 rather indistinctly defined pairs of |
double dark-brown bars over the back; head spotted above; spinous
dorsal blackish; soft dorsal and anal with several narrow, wavy, longi-
tudinal bands; base of caudal spotted above; pectorals and ventrals |
plain, the former with a black spot at base; sides of the trunk behind
the vent and below, with pale brown blotches; lower surface of the
body anteriorly white. ¥
Here described from a specimen 2,3; inches long, dredged at Station |
3700, in Suruga Bay, at 100 fathoms, by the U. S. Bach Commission —
steamer oe
=
se
-
swt aun
mo. 1305. THE DRAGCNETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 941
This species is known to us from a single specimen 25 inches long,
No. 50816, U.S.N.M., dredged at Station 3700, in Suruga Bay, off
Namazu, by the U. 8S. Fish Commission steamer A/batross, in 100
fathoms, in company with Sphagebranchus moser?.
(Sevikos, strange. )
Family I. CALLIONY MID Zi.
DRAGONETS.
Body elongate, naked; head broad and depressed; the mouth narrow,
the upper jaw very protractile; teeth very small, in jaws only; pre-
opercle armed with a strong spine, opercle unarmed. Eyes moderate,
usually directed upward. Lateral line present, often duplicated.
Dorsal fins 2, or sometimes united at base; the anterior with 4 flexible
spines; soft dorsal and anal short, the latter without distinct spine;
ventrals I, 5, jugular in position, widely separated from each other;
pectoral fins large. Gill openings small, the membranes broadly
attached to the isthmus; gills 4, a slit behind the fourth; pseudobran-
chie present. Noair bladder. Vertebre usually 8+13=21. Sexes
notably different in color. The dorsal fin higher in the male. Small
fishes of the shores of warm seas, chiefly of the Old World, allied to
the Trachinide, according to Boulenger, but resembling the Cof-
tide in form.
a. Preopercular spine simple, sharp, spear-like, with serrate edge, but without
LECURVEC HOOKS !ADO Ve OR Ab tps eee ri see ae es es ee Calliurichthys, 2.
aa. Preopercular spine not simple, with recurved tip and with one or more recurved
hooks above.
b. Ventrals entire, the outer ray not detached; head depressed; gill opening reduced
to a very small foramen on upper surface of head; lateral line single.
Callionymus, 3.
2. CALLIURICHTHYS Jordan and Fowler, new genus.
Calliurichthys JORDAN and Fow sr, new genus (japonicus).
This genus differs from Callionymus in the character of the pre-
opercular spine, which is long, simple, straight or curved, and serru-
late, but without recurved hooks above. A small antrorse spine at
its base below. In the typical species the caudal fin is greatly elongate.
The dorsal spines are graduated backward, at least the first two being
elongate.
(KaAAzs, beauty; ovva, tail; iyvs, fish.)
a. Top of the head covered with rough bone.
b. Body very elongate, the head 33 in length, the depth 10; top of head with two
rough patches; caudal fin very long, especially in males; D. IV-9; A., 8.
japonicus, 2.
bb. Body rather stout, the head about 2} in length, the depth 7}; top of head with
meee lesrough: patch: De TV Soca. (es en cette sos variegatus, 3.
aa. Top of head covered with smooth skin; head 3} in length, depth about 83;
Dey —9: Aq, 9; dorsal spines much elongated... - 2. --....c..-.--.< doryssus, 4.
2. CALLIURICHTHYS JAPONICUS (Houttuyn).
YOMEGOCHI (BRIDE KOCHI).
Callionymus japonicus Hourruyn, Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Harlem, XX, 1782, _
p- 311; Nagasaki. |
Callionymus reevesi RICHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 1844, p. 60, pl. XXxvI, figs§
1-38; Canton.—RicHarpson, Ich. China, 1846, p. 210; Hongkong, Macao.— |}
BurekeEr, Verh. Bat. Genoot., XXV, 1853, Nalez. Ich. Japan, p. 44; Nat. {
Tyds. Ned. Ind., V, 1853, Ceram, III, p. 244; China. 3
Callionymus longicaudatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p- 151, play
LXXIX, fig. 1; Nagasaki.—BLeeKer, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl., ITI, 1857,
Japan, IV, p. 17; Nagasaki.—Gtyrner, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p- 148; China.
Head 33 in length; depth 10; D. IV-9:; A. 8: P. 20; V.1,5. Body
very elongate, much compressed in front, and with the greatest depth
about the anterior dorsal region; trunk broader than deep, more or
less rounded, and tapering backward. Head compressed above, so
that its greatest depth is one-half its breadth: snout pointed, com-
pressed above, the depth two-thirds the length, anda bony ridge form-
ing directly in front of the eyes, but without a distinct bony ridge in
Fig, 2.—CALLIURICHTHYS JAPONICUS.
front of each nostril; eyes close together on top of the head, directed
upward, 1} in the snout, 3 in the greatest width, and 42 in the length
of the head; mouth small, inferior, the jaws equal, and the maxillary
reaching the nostril; teeth minute, and in bands in the jaws; lower
lips a little broad on each side: the preoperculum with a strong, sharp
spine directed backward, in some examples a trifle longer than the
eye, the upper edge with small sharp antrorse barbs, and the base in
front with a short spine directed forward; top of the head with two
elevated buckler-like crests, striate, and separated from each other by
the smooth integument of the head. Gill openings small, round, on
the upper surface of the body a short distance in front of the origin
of the dorsal, as far apart as the space between the outer margins of
‘Kochi (gochi in composition) is the
aus, and of Callionymus.
vernacular name of all species of Platyceph-
no. 130. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 943
the eyes, and nearer the posterior margin of the latter than the origin
of the pectoral.
Spinous dorsal inserted midway between or nearer the anterior mar-
ein of the eye and the origin of the soft dorsal, the spines slender, long,
and the first two produced into long, thin filaments till the first is
equal to two-fifths the length of the body; the dorsal spines are grad-
uated from the first two, which are the longest; origin of the soft
dorsal a little nearer the tip of the snout, and the base of the last anal
ray of nearly uniform height, the last ray the longest and produced;
anal originating under the second dorsal ray, lower than the soft dor-
sal, the last ray produced; pectorals between the origin of the spinous
dorsal and that of the soft, dorsal, broad, and forming an angle with
the lower rays the shortest; ventrals large, broad, longer than the
pectorals, originating before the gill opening but not reaching the tips
of the pectorals, the rays graduated to the inner, which is the longest,
and joined to the base of the pectoral in front by a broad membrane;
caudal very long, strong, graduated above and below to the middle
rays which are the longest, and equal to the body without snout.
Caudal peduncle long, compressed, and the depth less than the eye.
Color of male in spirits, deep rich brown above, with numerous
rounded spots and blotches of pale brown margined more or less with
dark brown, and about six pale, rather broad cross bands; on the sides
of the trunk are six dark brown blotches; lower surface of the body
pure white, except a deep rich brown blotch on the chest; branchi-
ostegals grayish-brown; spinous dorsal dark gray with a number of
pale-gray blotches, and on the upper part posteriorly a larger jet black
ocellus; soft dorsal grayish, with narrow bands of longitudinal brown
blotches; anal with a broad black band along its lower margin; pec-
torals with pale spots above; ventrals gray-black with a few darker
blotches, and the tips of the rays white; caudal edged with blackish
broadly, deep below, and with about seven broad blackish cross bars.
The female differs in having the dorsai spines short and not produced
into filaments, and with the lower surface pure white without the deep
brown blotch on the chest. This description from Wakanoura exam-
ples, the largest 114 inches long.
This species, remarkable for the great length of the caudal fin, is
generally common in the bays of southern Japan. Our numerous
specimens are from Nagasaki and Wakanoura. They agree with Rich-
ardson’s plate of Callionymus reevesi, and the alleged distinction
between Japanese and Chinese specimens mentioned by Bleeker seems
to be without value.
i
944 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
3. CALLIURICHTHYS VARIEGATUS (Schlegel).
Callionymus variegatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 153; Nagasaki.
Head 22 to 24 in length; depth 73 to 83; D. IV-8; A. 7; P. 17; V. I, 5.
Body moderately elongate, much compressed, especially forward, and —
with the greatest depth about the anterior dorsal region; trunk broader —
than deep and tapering backward. Head compressed above so that its
depth is 24 in its breadth; snout long, biunt, compressed, its width at
the corners of the mouth a little more than the eye, its depth three-—
fifths its length, its greatest width equal to its length, and 23 in the
head; a bony ridge in front of each eye, eyes close together, on top of
the head, directed upward, 1} to 2 in the snout 3 to 34 in the greatest
width, and 45 to 5 in the length of the head; mouth small, inferior,
the upper jaw protruding and the maxillary reaching three-fourths to
three-fifths in the space between the tip of the snout and the anterior
margin of the eye; teeth in villiform bands in the jaws; lips rather thin,
FIG, 3.—CALLIURICHTHYS VARIEGATUS.
the lower broad on each side; preoperculum with a short sharp spine
directed backward, always shorter than the eye, the upper edge with
small, sharp antrorse barbs, and the base in front with a short, sharp
spine directed forward; top of the head behind the eyes forming a
broad, rugosely striate patch. Gnll openings small, round, on the
upper surface of the body a short distance in front of the origin of
the dorsal, as far apart as the space between the outer margins of the
eyes, and a trifle nearer the origin of the pectoral than the posterior
margin of the eye.
Origin of the spinous dorsal midway between or a little nearer the
posterior margin of the eye than the origin of the soft dorsal; spines
long, slender, and the first two produced into long filaments till they are
equal to three-sevenths the length of the body; the dorsal spines are
graduated from the first two, whichare the longest; origin of the soft dor-
sal nearer the base of the caudal than the tip of the snout, the fin high,
uniform, and the last ray the longest and produced; origin of the anal
Dah
no. 1305. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 945
between the second and third dorsal rays, lower than the soft dorsal,
the last ray very long, produced, and reaching farther posteriorly
than the tip of the last dorsal ray; origin of pectorals nearer the
origin of the spinous dorsal than the origin of the soft dorsal by
nearly oe the distance between, broad, and forming an angle
with the lower rays the shortest; ventrals broad, larger, longer, than
the pectorals, ce rays graduated to the inner which is the longest;
caudal very long, strong, graduated above and below to the middle
rays which are the longest and nearly equal to 1}in the body. Caudal
peduncle long, broad, compressed, and the depth a little less than the
eye. Lateral line with minute pores.
Color of male in alcohol dark brown above, with numerous rounded
blotches and spots of pale brown margined more or less with deeper,
and about six pale rather broad cross bars; a narrow dark brown bar
across the snout above, several from the eye, and one across the oper-
culum to the sides of the head; sides of the head, and trunk, with
short narrow irregular pale bluish bars and spots edged with whitish,
on the former often in pairs, the space between and on each side dark
brown; the brown blotches of the flanks with one or two small jet
black ocelli; lower surface of the body whitish, with a deep brown
blotch on the under surface of the head between the branchiostegals;
spinous dorsal grayish with blackish brown blotches and lines, a deep
black blotch and several white lines posteriorly; soft dorsal pale, with
alternate wavy lines of gray and black; anal grayish black, and the
outer part of the last ray black; pectorals pale with small dark spots
above; ventrals gray, space behind the first three rays deep black and
the rest of the fin more or less speckled with blackish brown; caudal
with six or seven blackish bars, and with many fine wavy bars, lower
rays pale and plain. The female differs in having the dorsal spines
without filaments, the caudal and body shorter, the color plainer
without the black lateral ocelli, the anal fin whitish with a narrow
black marginal band, and without a brown blotch on the underside
of the head. Description from Nagasaki specimens, the largest male
6,5 inches.
This species is moderately common in the bay of Na
specimens were taken. Dr. Giinther erroneously re
as the female of Callinvichthys japonicus.
(wariegatus, variegated).
asaki, where our
ards this species
oO
UO%
40°
Pe
4. CALLIURICHTHYS DORYSSUS Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 3 to 34 in length; depth 74 to 102; D. 1V-9; A. 9; P. 20; V. I, 5.
Body elongate, compressed above and with the gre: whee depth about
the anterior dorsal region; trunk broader onan deep and tapering
backward. Head compressed above so that its depth is 23 in its
_breadth; snout moderate, bluntly pointed, compressed, its depth 1%
946 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
in its length, which is 3 in the head; bony ridge in front of the eye not
conspicuous; eyes close together, on top of the head, directed upward,
1 to 1 in the snout, 24 to 3% in the width and 4 to 43 in the length of
the head; mouth small, inferior, the upper jaw protruding, and the
maxillary not reaching to the nostril; teeth in villiform bands in the
jaws; lips rather thin, the Jower broad on each side; preoperculum
with a sharp spine directed backward equal to the eye, the upper
edge with small, sharp, antrorse barbs and the base in front with a
short, sharp spine directed forward; head entirely smooth above and
without any asperities. Gill openings small, round, on the upper
surface of the body a short distance in front of the origin of the
dorsal, as far apart as the outer margins of the eyes, and much nearer
the eye than the base of the pectoral.
Origin of spinous dorsal midway, or a little nearer to the posterior
margin of the eye than the origin of the soft dorsal; spines long,
Fic. 4.—CALLIURICHTHYS DORYSSUS.
slender, produced into long filaments, the first the longest, graduated
to the last, which is the shortest, and contained in the body about 1}
times; origin of soft dorsal nearer the base of the last anal ray than
the tip of the snout, the fin rising behind to the last ray, which is the
longest; origin of the anal a little behind the second dorsal ray, the
fin growing deeper behind to the last ray, which is the longest, and
its tip reaching about as far as that of the last dorsal ray; origin of
pectorals nearer the origin of the spinous dorsal than that of the soft
dorsal; the middle rays produced into a point and the lower the
longest; ventrals shorter than the head, longer than the pectorals, the
inner rays the longest, and joined to the base of the pectorals in front
by a membrane; caudal moderately long, the middle rays the longest
and strongest. Caudal peduncle compressed, broader than the depth,
which is less than the eye.
Color in alcohol brown above, with numerous rounded blotches and
spots of pale brown margined more or less with deep brown, and
© 0.1305. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 947
about six rather broad, pale, cross bars; on the sides of the trunk are
about six dark brown blotches, lower surface of the body white;
spinous dorsal gray with dark spots, the filaments barred even to near
their tips, and several white ocelli on the lower part of the fin; soft
dorsal pale, with numerous blackish specks; anal blackish, deeper
toward the tips of the rays, and the base marked with few very pale
blotches; pectorals with pale spots above; ventrals blackish gray with
a few dark specks, and the tips of the rays white; caudal edged with
blackish, and with six blackish cross bars made up of small spots.
Color of the male and female not different, the latter with the spinous
dorsal filaments, but the young without them, and the anal plain white,
except a narrow blackish band on the lower half. Here described
from specimens from Nagasaki, the largest 7 inches long.
Our many specimens are from Nagasaki, Wakanoura, and Aomori
The type is No. 7186, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum,
Cotype, is in the U. S. National Museum. This species differs from
the others of the genus in the smooth head and highly elevated dorsal
spines.
(Sopvados, spear-bearer.)
Ba CAE L@IN YaVEwS isa esis:
Callionymus Lixn vs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 249 (lyra).
This genus includes Dragonets with the ventral fins entire, without
detached ray, the gill opening reduced to a small foramen, opening
upward, and the lateral line single; head triangular, depressed; eyes
directed upward; preopercular spine very large, hooked at tip and
with one or more recurved spines above; a small autrorse spine at
its base below; opercle unarmed; sexual differences strongly marked.
Species numerous, living on the bottoms in warm seas. In America
the few species live at a considerable depth. In the Mediterranean,
in India, and in Japan they are shore fishes, swarming in all bays and
living in shallow water. In Japan they are especially abundant, form-
ing a conspicuous part of the fish fauna.
(ka\Xts, beauty; ovoua, name, an old appellation of some sea fish.)
a. Preopercular spine with but two recurved hooks at its tip.
4. Soft dorsal fin very high, its rays branched; a lunate black spot on membrane
of last spine; D., IV-8; A., 7; dorsal spines graduated, the first elongate.
altivelis, 5.
bb. Sott dorsal fin moderate, the rays not branched; first dorsal spine only much
produced in the male; spinous dorsal in male with a black ocellus; female
with the posterior half of the fin black; head rather broad, its width 3 in
ao Gite irae se mE eee yt ERE PS Nod end Deas fas lunatus, 6.
aa. Preopercular spine with three or four recurved hooks above; soft dorsal mod-
erate, its rays not branched.
c. Dorsal fins not joined by membrane.
d. First dorsal fan-shaped, the first and fourth spines being always longest.
948 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
e. First and last dorsal spines very slightly produced, even in males, so that —
the upper margin of the fin is merely lunate; male with a lunate black —
blotch on upper edge of spinous dorsal, female with a black ocellus;
coloration nearly plain olive; no oblique black streaks on anal.
valenciennesi, 7.
ee. First and last spines greatly elevated in the males, the second spine
shortest; male with spinous dorsal blackish-brown with white reticu-
lated Jines; female with the first spine only much produced and with
a large black ocellus on dorsal posteriorly; head rather narrow.
flagris, 8.
dd, First dorsal with the first and second spines about equal, connected by
membrane almost to their tips, the third longer, ending in a filament,
the fourth shortest and also filamentous; spinous dorsal in males with
several black ocelli, females unknown..-..--.-..----.-------- calliste, 9.
ddd. First dorsal with the first spine longest.
Ff. Spinous dorsal (in female?), uniformly colored; D., IV—10; A., 10.
huguenii, 10.
jf. Spinous dorsal with white spots and lines, its posterior edge blackish;
dorsal spines graduated, the first longest, the others regularly short-
ened; interorbital space broad; the eyes well separated; anal fin
with dark wavy cross bars, very sharply defined in the male.
: beniteguri, 11.
cc. Dorsal fins connected by membrane; second and fourth spines greatly elon-
gate, reaching caudal; spinous dorsal in male mottled and striated.
virgis, 12.
5. CALLIONYMUS ALTIVELIS Schlegel.
BENITEGURI (RED NET-CATCH OR DRAGONET).
Callionymus altivelis SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 155, pl. Lxxrx,
fig. 1; Bay of Omura (about 15 miles north of Nagasaki).
Head about 22 (in fig.) in length; depth about 6% (in fig.); D. IV-8;
A. 7; P.19; V.1,5. Snout a little convex; the upper border of eyes
elevated, and the interorbital space very narrow and concave; pre-
opercular spine with a single large hook above; gill opening round,
and lateral; first dorsal opposite the gill opening, the first spine equal
to the caudal, the last one-third the length of the first and without a
membrane uniting it with the back; height of the second dorsal nearly
equal to the head, and all its rays branched; anal beginning below the
first third of the soft dorsal, much lower than the same, and, with the
exception of the last, all the rays are simple or unbranched; pectorals
rounded. .
In life brick red; the back marbled with pale brown, below whitish;
spinous dorsal marbled with yellow, reddish-brown and greenish, the
last color forming a large spot above posteriorly; soft dorsal yellow,
with 6 or 7 oblique rose-colored bars; anal pale red, becoming deep
behind; membranes of pectorals, ventrals and caudal blue, the rays
pale red, the latter with 5 or 6 large, transverse, yellow bars, and the
lower margin tinted with red. Length, 8 inches. Bay of Omura.
(Schlegel.)
+
-
no. 130. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 949
This strongly marked species is a n ale ih om Se lege? s ecu
no specimens having been taken by later writers. Its red coloration,
the reduction of the number of hooks on the preopercular spine, and
the great height of the soft dorsal should distinguish it.
ives ae type locality, is about 15 miles north of Nagasaki.
(altus, high; velum, sail.)
6. CALLIONYMUS LUNATUS Schlegel.
Callionymus lunatus SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 155, pl. uxxvu,
fig. 4; Nagasaki (male).—GtnrueEr, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., III, 1861, p. 146
(copied ).
Callionymus inframundus GitL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 129; Japan
(female; greenish, marbled with white, first dorsal blackish ).
Head 3} in length; depth, 10; D. IV-9; A. 9; P. 19; V. I, 5.
Body elongate ora compressed above; trunk broader than deep and
tapering backwards. Head compressed so that its depth is 24 its
width; snout rather pointed, compressed, its length equal to the eye,
HIG. 5.—CALLIONYMUS LUNATUS.
and about ¢ its own width; eyes close together, on top of the head,
directed upward, 33 in the length and 2% in the width of the head;
mouth small, inferior, the upper jaw protruding, and the maxillary
not reaching the eye; teeth in villiform bands in the jaws; lower lip
rather thick, and broad on each side; preopercular spine with two
large teeth turned upward, and a short spine projecting from its base
forward, embedded in the skin; head smooth. Gill openings round,
nearer the origin of the dorsal than the posterior margin of the eyes,
and nearer the latter than the origin of the pectoral.
Origin of the spinous dorsal midway or a little nearer the posterior
margin of the eyes than the origin of the soft dorsal; the dorsal spines
slender, the first produced into a long filament so that its entire length
is a little more than the entire space between its own origin and the tip
of the snout, or a little less than that between the former and the base
of the caudal; the others are about equal; soft dorsal high, its origin
nearer the tip of the snout than the base of the caudal, and the last ray
950 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXvV.
ae
the longest; anal lower than soft dorsal, its origin between the second —
and the third dorsal rays, and its last ray produced; pectorals with an
angle behind, the middle rays the longest, and the lower the shortest;
ventrals a little longer than the pectorals, and their outer rays the
shortest; caudal about equal to the head, upper rays little shorter than
the middle, while the lower are graduated; caudal peduncle greatly
compressed, its depth about % the eye.
Color of male in alcohol brown above, beautifully mottled, and with
minute spots, some forming rings and blotches with light centers, and
traces of several broad crossbars; sides of the trunk with five or six
dark brown blotches; lower surface of the body white; spinous dorsal
gray; a jet black ocellus behind the last spine, and in front each spine
marked with darker and white; soft dorsal with three narrow brown
bands; anal with a median blackish band, and its edge white; pecto-
rals with a few pale spots above; ventrals grayish, the edges and the
tips of the rays whitish; caudal with about four or five crossbars made
up of small spots, its edge below white, above which is a broad black
band. The female is much like the male but has the spinous dorsal
low, the first ray not longer than the others, and with much black
posteriorly; the anal fin pale; never an ocellus.
Our description above is from examples from Nagasaki and Waka-
noura, the largest about 5;; inches in length. We have specimens
from Tsuruga, Wakanoura, Nagasaki, Same, and Niigata. It is exi-
dently generally distributed along the coast.
The male is well distinguished by the high spines and the black spot
on the posterior membrane. The female resembles the young of C.
valenciennes?, but the black spot on the dorsal. occupies nearly half
the fin.
(Junatus, crescent shaped.)
7. CALLIONYMUS VALENCIENNESI Schlegel.
NEZUMEGOCHI (RAT KOCHI); NEZUPO (RAT TAIL).
Callionymus japonicus CuvipR and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XII, p. 299;
Japan, coll. Langsdorf (not of Houttuyn).
Callionymus reevesi RicHARDSON, Voy. Sulphur, Fishes, 1844, p. 60, pl. xxxv1
(female; on a drawing made in Canton not type).
Callionymus valenciennesi SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1845, p. 153, pl.
LXxvill, fig. 3; Nazasaki (figure very poor).
Callionymus punctatus RicHARDSON, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 210 (after C. japonicus
Cuvier and Valenciennes) .
Callionymus richardsoni BLEEKER, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., VI, 1854, Japan, p. 414;
Nagasaki.—B Lerker, Verh. Bat. Gen., XX VI, 1857, Japan, III; Nagasaki.—
JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 370; Tokyo.
Callionymus curvicornis GUNTHER, Cat. Fish., III, 1861, p. 145; China.—IsHikawa,
Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 37; Tokyo, Boshu.—JorpDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 1900, p. 370; Yokohama (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes, from Bour-
bon Island).
~ No. 1305. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 951
i Head 34 in length; depth 11; D. IV-9; A. 9; P. 20; V. 1,5. Body
— elongate and compressed above; trunk broader than deep, and tapering
backward. Head compressed, its width two-thirds its length, and its
depth 2! in its width; snout rather long, blunt, compressed, much
greater than the eye, and its depth two-thirds its length; eyes close
together, on top of the head, directed upward, 13 in snout, 4$ in the
head, and 34 in its width; mouth small, inferior, the jaws nearly
equal, and the maxillary not reaching the eye; teeth in villiform
bands in the jaws; lower lip thick, and broad on each side; preoper-
cular spine with 4 large teeth turned upward, and a short spine pro-
jecting from its base forward, embedded in the skin; head smooth.
Gill openings round, nearer the origin of the dorsal than the posterior
margin of the eyes, and nearer the latter than the origin of the
pectoral.
Spinous dorsal midway between the origin of the soft dorsal and
Fig. 6.—CALLIONYMUS VALENCIENNESI.
the middle of the eye; dorsal spines slender and the first and last the
longest, about equal, and about a third again as long as the two
median ones, so that the edge of the fin is deeply emarginate; soft dor-
sal high, the first ray somewhat higher than the others, excepting the
last, which is very long and produced; anal rather low, lower than
the soft dorsal, but its last ray produced till it is equal to two-thirds
the length of the last dorsal ray; pectorals with the middle rays the
longest, and produced into an angle behind; ventrals a little longer
than pectorals; caudal with the middle rays the longest, graduated
above and below. Caudal peduncle compressed, and about equal to
the eye.
Color of male in alcohol brown above, mottled with minute spots
forming rings and blotches with light centers, and traces of several
broad crossbars; narrow pale bluish lines on the sides of the head; sides
of the trunk with 5 dark-brown blotches, and numerous light-brown
narrow lines inclined forward; lower surface of the body white, silvery
- Proc. N. M. vol. xxv—02 61
RG RS
952 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXY.
on the lower part of the sides; spinous dorsal gray, with white lines,
and blotches, the upper margin generally with a narrow black crescent;
soft dorsal gray, spotted with white, and also with a few dark brown |
spots; anal blackish, deep at the margin, and near which is a narrow |
longitudinal blackish line; pectorals with small pale spots above; ven-
trals grayish; caudal gray, with dark spots rather large in the center,
and its lower rays blackish. The female differs from the male in color,
as the black crescent of the spinous dorsal is replaced by a large black
ocellus below, and posteriorly the lower rays of the caudal are white;
the narrow oblique lines of the sides are absent, and the anal fin is
pale or white.
This description from a large series of specimens from Nagasaki,
the largest 83 inches, though we have a large specimen, 104 inches,
from Tokyo.
This species is subject to some variation in color, and the third and
fourth dorsal spines are sometimes equal, especially in females, but it
may be easily recognized by the lunate margin of the spinous dorsal.
This species is by far the most abundant of the genus in Japan,
being found everywhere in sandy bays to the southward of Hakodate
and brought in daily to all markets. Our specimens are from Hako-
date, Matsushima, Misaki, Yokohama, Tokyo, Enoshima, Tsuruga,
Wakanoura, Onomichi, Kobe, Kawatana, and Nagasaki. The sexes
differ considerably, but the fan shape of the spinous dorsal fin, its
first and last spines being longest, with its peculiar coloration, are
always diagnostic.
The species is certainly very close to Callionymus curvicornis from
the Isle of Bourbon, but the two should not be united without com-
parison of specimens.
(Named for Achille Valenciennes. )
8. CALLIONYMUS FLAGRIS Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Callionymus japonicus JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 370;
Yokohama (not of Houttuyn).
Head 33 in length; depth 10; D. 1V-9; A. 9; P. 19; V.,1,5. Body
elongate, compressed above, the trunk broader than deep and tapering
backward. Head compressed, rather narrow, its width two-thirds its
length, and its depth 2 in its width; snout rather long, pointed, com-
pressed, much greater than the eye, and its depth a little less than its
length; eyes close together, on top of the head, directed upward, a
little over -1 in the snout, about 44 in the head’s and 23 in its width;
mouth small, inferior, the lower jaw projecting a little, and the max-
illary reaching a little beyond the nostril; teeth in villiform bands in
the jaws; lower lip thick, and broad on euch side; preopercular spine
with 2 or 3 sharp teeth turned upward, and a sharp spine projecting
forward from its base embedded in the skin; head smooth. Gill
t
_ No. 1305. THE DRAGONETS eee JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 953
4 opening ‘rounded, nearer the origin of the eal than the posterior
“margin of the eyes, and nearer the latter than the origin of the pectoral.
Spinous dorsal midway between the origin of the soft ‘dorsal and
the middle of the eye or its posterior margin; dorsal spines all very
long and slender, all produced into long, Piven filaments, the first
very long, sometimes reaching the base of the caudal, the second the
shortest, the third longer and closely joined to the last above, which
is still longer; dorsal rather high, and the last ray greatly elongated,
so that it is nearly equal to the base of the fin; anal beginning a little
before the third dorsal, and its last ray about equal to two-thirds the
length of the last dorsal ray; pectoral with its median rays the longest,
and the angle somewhat rounded; ventrals very long, and dee
nearly to the tips of the pectorals; caudal long, about one-half the
length of the body, and its middle rays produced into slender fila-
ments. Caudal peduncle compressed, its breadth greater than its
depth, which is two-thirds the eye.
Color of males in alcohol, rich brown above, mottled with minute
Fig. 7.—CALLIONYMUS FLAGRIS.
spots forming rings or blotches with pale centers and traces of several
broad crossbars; several pale bluish bars on the sides of the head;
sides of the trunk with 5 dark brown blotches; lower surface of the
body white; spinous dorsal white, with a number of large black spots,
and generally a blackish marginal crescent above; soft dorsal gray,
the basal portion with reticulating white lines inclosing large blackish-
brown spots; below and above are small pale spots; anal fin gray, be-
coming blackish toward its margin; pectorals with small spots above,
ventrals gray, the outer portion of the rays blackish, and the margin
of the fin gray; caudal gray, the middle and lower half with 5 bars of
broad gray-black spots. The female differs from the male chiefly in
having the dorsal spine short, the first a little longer than the others,
and without filaments; the last dorsal ray is short, and the caudal lacks
the filaments. The color is more somber, and the anal and the margin
of the ventrals are pale. Here described from specimens from Tsuruga
and Tokyo, the largest reaching 7} inches.
954 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.
Type No. 7187, Leland Stanford. Junior University Museum; cotypes |
are in the U. 8S. National Museum. :
We have many examples from Aomori, Tsuruga, Kobe, and Nagasaki; |
also a series from Tokyo from Prof. Otaki and the U. 8S. Fish Com-
mission steamer A/batross dredgings at Station 3722 in Owari Bay and
Station 3777 in Matsushima, Bay of Kinkwasan. We have also a small
specimen from T'suruga Bay. Itseems to inhabit rather deeper waters
than Callionymus valenciennest.
(jlagris, under the lash.)
g. CALLIONYMUS CALLISTE Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 34 in length; depth 74; D. IV-8; A.-‘7; P.17; V.1,5. Body
elongate, compressed above, the trunk broader than deep and tapering
backward. Head compressed so that its depth is two-thirds its width;
Fig. 8.—CALLIONYMUS CALLISTE.
snout rather pointed and compressed; eyes close together on top of
the head, about 1} in the snout, 4 in the length, and 3 in the width of
the head; mouth small, the jaws about equal and the maxillary not
reaching the eye; teeth in villiform bands in the jaws; lips rather
thin; peropercular spine with three teeth, and a short spine at the
base in front, directed forward; head smooth above. Gill opening
round, a little farther apart than the distance between the outer margins
of the eyes, and about midway between the posterior margin of the
latter and the origin of the pectoral.
Origin of the spinous dorsal about halfway between the first third
of the eye and the origin of the soft dorsal; dorsal spines long, slen-
der, rather firm, the first and second about equal, a little longer than
the base of the soft dorsal, the third longer than either, and its
extremity filamentous, the last the shortest, and 1ts extremity also fila-
mentous, the last the shortest, and its extremity also filamentous; the
no.1305. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 955
membrane of the spinous dorsal extends almost to the extremities of
the first and second spines; soft dorsal of about uniform height, with
the last ray the longest; origin of the anal behind the second dorsal
ray, the fin high posteriorly, the last ray produced till much longer
than the last dorsal ray, and extending beyond it; pectoral broad,
three-fourths the length of the first dorsal spine; ventral shorter than
the first dorsal spine; caudal with the middle rays the longest, and
graduated above and below, so that the fin is pointed and 24 in the
body; caudal peduncle compressed, and about equal to the eye.
Color in aleohol, dark brown above, with many dark reticulations,
mottlings, and 5 narrow dark-brown crossbars; below white, along
the base of the anal spotted with brown, and the sides with blackish;
several dark bars and light-brown lines on the sides of the head; spi-
nous dorsal eray, with several black ocelli at the base, and marked
with darker eray lines and spots; soft dorsal gray, the rays spotted
with dark gray brown; anal grayish white, its margin blackish, and
the fin mottled behind with grayish; pectoral rays spotted with brown-
ish; ventrals gray, with a broad grayish-black band near the margin,
which is narrowly whitish, the fin with narrow whitish cross lines, and
the inner rays more or less speckled with grayish; caudal gray, the
middle rays with rather large blackish spots, and above and below
with small whitish spots. This description from 3 males taken at
Misaki, the longest 3{ inches.
Type No. 7188, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum;
cotype is in the U. S. National Museum.
Of this species, the most strikingly colored of the group, we have
several specimens from the rock pools of Misaki.
(kadkiotn, very beautiful.)
10. CALLIONYMUS HUGUENII Bleeker.
Callionymus huguenii BLEEKER, Act. Sec. Sc. Indo. Neerl., V, 1858, Japan, V, p. 7,
pl. u, fig. 1; Nagasaki.—Ginrner, Cat. Fish, IIT, 1861, p. 145 (copied).
Head 3$ in length; depth 7$; D. 1V-10; A. 10; P. 17; V. I, 5. Body
elongate, depressed, and its greatest breadth about 44 in its length.
Head with its breadth 14 and its depth 24 to 24 in its length; eyes
close together, 3 in the head; snout less than its width at base; preo-
percular spine with 3 teeth. Gill opening superior. Origin of the
spinous dorsal behind the gill opening, the spines slender, filamentous,
the first the longest, and much longer than the head; soft dorsal
highest posteriorly; anal highest posteriorly and the last ray the
longest; pectoral about 5 in the body; ventral about 53 in the body;
caudal strongly pointed, 34 to 3} in the total length.
Body above rosy-green, below whitish; head, back, and sides above
variagated with deep olive blotches and pearly ocelli; sides of the
head with pale-blue ocelli, the rings violet; fins pale rosy-green, the
956 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XV.
spinous dorsal plain; the soft dorsal with numerous small brown spots; |
margin of anal blackish brown; the pectoral plain; the ventrals with —
violaceous diffused on the outer portion of the inner rays, and the
caudal with 5 or 6 series of transverse spots.
Length 79” (about 34 inches); Nagasaki (Bleeker).
This species is known to us from Bleeker’s description only.
11. CALLIONYMUS BENITEGURI Jordan and Snyder.
Callionymus beniteguri JORDAN and Snyper, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 376,
pl. xvi; Tokyo Bay.
Head 3 in length; depth 10; D. IV-9; A. 9; P. 19; V. 1, 5. Body
elongate, compressed above, the trunk broader than deep, and taper-
ing backward, Head compressed so that its depth is 24 in its width;
snout broad, compressed, and its depth greater than the eye; the inter-
orbital space is broader than that of any other species of this genus;
the eyes well separated, about 5 in the length and 43 in the width of
the head; mouth small, inferior, the upper jaw projecting, and the
maxillary reaching as far posteriorly as the nostril; teeth in villiform
bands in the jaws; lower lip rather thick, and broad on each side;
preopercular spine with about 3 large teeth turned upward and a short
spine projecting from its base forward, embedded in the skin; head
smooth. Gill openings round, nearer the origin of the dorsal than
the posterior margin of the eyes, and midway, or nearer the latter than
the origin of the pectoral.
Origin of spinous dorsal a little nearer, or midway between, the
posterior margin of the eyes than the origin of the soft dorsal; the
spines rather short, slender, the first two ending in filaments of about
equal length, and about as long as the height of the fin; sometimes soft
dorsal of uniform height, and the last ray the longest and produced till
it is much longer than the last anal ray; origin of the anal a little in
front of the third dorsal ray; pectorals very broad, and with a blunt
angle behind; ventrals large, nearly equal to the head; caudal long,
the middle rays produced.
‘olor of male in alcohol deep brown above, mottled, and with
minute dark spots and lines, some forming rings around pale spots
and blotches, and traces of about six pale broad crossbars; sides of the
trunk with six brown blotches; lower surface of the body white;
spinous dorsal gray, with white spots and lines, and blackish near its
margin posteriorly; soft dorsal gray with numerous white ocelli, and
three rows of longitudinal blackish spots; anal dark gray with oblique
wavy white lines; pectoral with small brown spots above; ventral
grayish brown, becoming blackish along the lower margin of the fins;
caudal gray, with many white ocelli and black spots, and its lower
margin broadly blackish. The female differs from the male chiefly in
having pale colors, the anal being very pale, the ventrals pale with a
NO. 1305. THE DRAGONETS OF JAPAN—JORDAN AND FOWLER. 957
light edge, the dorsal filaments generally shorter, and the spinous
dorsal generally with more or less black posteriorly.
Here described from specimens from Tokyo, the largest S+ inches
long. Our specimens are from Tokyo, the original types collected by
Otaki, and many others taken by Jordan and Snyder. Others are
from Misaki, Otaru, Wakanoura, Kobe, Hakodate. Aomori, Hiro-
shima, Nagasaki, and Matsushima Bay.
This species, variable in its coloration, is easily distinguished by its
broad interorbital space.
This species is very abundant throughout almost all parts of Japan,
being scarcely less common than Callionymus valenciennesi, though
living in rather deeper water. The male is well distinguished by the
form of the dorsal fin, the first two spines being filamentous, the others
progressively shorter. A still better diagnostic mark is the color of
the anal fin, which has dark gray or black oblique crossbars on the
membranes. These marks are faint or wanting in the female, but in
both sexes the dorsal spines are progressively shortened from the first.
(beniteguri, vernacular name of Callionymus altivelis: beni, red;
tequri, net catch, a name applied to small fish.)
12. CALLIONYMUS VIRGIS Jordan and Fowler, new species.
Head 3 in length; depth 73; D. 1V-9; A. 9; PeA9-- sccee eee 552
oriostegus-—=--2-=-- eee 552
UWNTLCOMMISS: 9.) eee DS) O94 000:
XAMtHOPLETUS sss sc see see oes 093
ZODTAT a ees. eee et ee 552
ACATIN Bin 25 oS Se oae casino ne Hast eae ate eeee 220
PACEIG EASY. CALPUMD eset ce oes ae eco h ee seer oT
PNCCGY 2) 1 Ware At os RE ee a es a 283
Acheilognathus mesembrinum, new spe-
CLES Sone ace ee ee tee ntone Satie 316, 323, 324
WeidotaisaDearinata-eaescs cel salecee see ae 14, 42
ACCIMUSMeCGCIAtUS =< ear cee seo 9,32
ACM Od CraiCulisancec sess aeeee estes ee ees 21,47
OTN ATA en tese sescse ee we cetne 21,47
ANC MceOPS GINCCtAtess meee on mae eeaeee eee 26, 50
discoidea....... Bee eaten eee oie 26, 50
ACOPUUSISUGUTAlIS Saeco ee ne 32, 55
ACTIGOENELESiirIShISete= Sea sete nese 294
ACritush: teeters cee eee eee one eae 45
GISCUSHcecee ee Sates wanes cise 18
OMI SUWUS 3A eerste soe siete seine see 18
fMetanins-soseeee. el eo aaleaeetse 18
Politusi22 oo as Sseae eee ae 18
simplexses54 ssaccccesat cease sess 18
SUIS OSUSISS ees ee ee ese 18
Acrobasis|pbewllellae seeeuece seco sees = 370, 397
ACTODULUS 2h es Sass eae cee aete eee sees 5d1
Sey pliuss.i 5.022 sess es. 599
ATRERLCUSHee. - nee aen see ss 553
CormMiger’: 22222. tenet eee 559
MelaMUNUst ss Sees eee ee 553
orbicularisieeeee ce eee e errno Bol
ACrOopteroxySiPTACWISs---eesee eee coe. 16
ACTOthele Ph eeeen cst oe ee nee 577, 579, 585
Dellulaecesscettevicn owas e es ae 590
ceratopyeouuMis..- 22. see = 598
STANMUMAtamese ae tae tee eee cee es 600
ACLOLUIVIE HEREC aeRO ce nics comesce 589
nf Sia ae een soee see ee 588
FACTO ULE LG sets eee ee en oe oe eis 577, 578,
579, 580, 587, 589, 595, 598, 599, 600, 601, 604
WLCCRN AU saeco es ete coe ae 592
argenta, new species .......--- 578, 580
961
962 INDEX.
Pag Page
Acrotreta attenuata... ..- 580}584.586, 588,590,593 «| Acupalpusi@arus> ssc. socnse neeeeer ee eee 8
Dabeltsa aire wcecrcnie seer ccie 580 Hydropicus| CA GOni8 2. oceans eee eee 450
inAa tas sce a7. Auigeorotesaseaee 580, 588 OCel aris: =< hae cet coer ee 450
kutorgai, new species. . 579, 580, 583, 589 PaAVODINUS® -<2 224s cease eee 450
microscopica .. 579,580, 590, 592,598,599 | Adranes lecontei ...........-.------------ 10, 40
missouriensis,new Ad TastelaGese 2 he ar ee ee 784
variety...-.:... 580, 590 alexandriwella -........--...-- 784
tetonensis, new fasciellas ie tes wise seneeeeeee 784
Verletynsesaon cs 580, 590 euenclelll asa sece a see eee 787
MMS Sees ene ete eee Baie 580 quercifoliclla a5 -ceeeeeeeeeeee 879
Miser). 236i haste eeeeses 580,590 | Algialia, new species ...-..:.----.-------- 24,49
MIGHOIOMCese see ae eae ne 580) |\:. ASOMSCUS 2 eee ocean eeeraee 619, 621, 626
ophirensis, new species. 580, 590, 591, 592 Strigatus)s<< cen aseeceeiasee 619, 621, 633
rugosus, new va- ELHOPVE a MLCODATiCa ease al see 297
Tey) 55sec 580,592 | Agabetes acuductus .............--.------ 9, 39
ovalis, new species =~ .-2.-- 580, 585,592 | Agabus crythropterus -..---.-.-.-....--2- 39
PALVUlacs ses see ees eeee 580, 592 Gisintegratus ssh seer eee i)
primeeva, new species - 580, 588, 593, 597 erythropterusss some eae oe eee 9,39
DyXIGiGula=s- o-oo wee re 579, 580 Pagatess. <2 j2cvstela oo ssee eee 9
Sabrine 25 500e6 sens oasasceee os 580, 582 obtusatus’ 2.3. 2c Saeed es ee 9
sagittalis 2-5-5. oe2 sscee- 579, 580, 582, Seriatus, S20. S2o8sh en See ees 9
587, 589, 592, 594, 595, 596, 597 StALMIMUS: +95 Seas sei see oe 9
Delt aasessae eases 596) | sAipalena meayias ss seen eee tte 213
MANA ssosossosee eee 580;'595: || -Aipaillemidte S222. 2 = 5-1. bese eee 213
taconica. 2... 522sst6- 5802596." |. Ap ari stid sen eas sae oe sea eae eee 386
transyversa-<-.,580;582;595.596" || Apathidium) 22 22 23 eee ae paieteee erie 40
schmalensei, new species. ...-- 79, CXS UMass Sosueieaeeee 10
580, 597, 598, 599, 600 Oniscoldés Yast see oe nee 10
seebachi, new species...--.....- 580,598 | Agelaius pyrrhopterus ....-...-.--.------ 143
signalis, new species .........- 980)599 =| ApenOrn sions sce sect seater Se ere 724
SOCialish== = aa. 580, 592, 597, 598, 599, 600 DUTPUTEUS mes. neee eee eee 638, 723
subconica.. 579, 580, 585, 586, 587,598,600 | Aglenus brunneus...........-.----------- 16, 44
tacOnicay 2.2 sess eeeaee ae oeeee 595. || Aglyptusleevis:- 25-0. -os-secessesncee eae 10, 40
LTANSY. CSA: . 3: F525 -eeete eee eee 579N595 |) ARIPO sate a serine ee eee ae anemia aera 772, 789
Atetenodes) acOrmMis: << <2s25 see eee oe 21,47 biscolorellla, So2caqece sees 789, 790, 929
ACIS by pOleUCOs’.. 225-4 -eebeeeee eet 313 var. fuscopulvella - - 790
Actobius'Cinerascens |. .2. 2 -2dasseae cece 12,41 fuscopulvella a 5----.-c.5---= 789, 790, 929
WOCOSUS = Acceso ee eee 12 | Agnostus levigatus ...-.-- Ne eee eae 592, 597
depidulus!- 305-2 sco5 cae eee 12:41 | ‘Agonoderuss-2-2220sce- ee = seas eee eee 39
loxatus:.232 2: stswaeaneseteeeeeee 12 COMMS: As Sashes oats eee 8
pred eroides:.. 25... casanseeseee ss 12, 41 INnGiIShiMCiusrssseeee eee 8, 39
PALCUS'= cases tas asec. UooteSaeeaee 12,41 lin Gola ssc esas a ore Seno 8
patellar ote. so. oes so. eee oy Fan 12 MiICTOS) 2. Sash eeaee eee eee 8,39
WLOGELUMUS! 22 = so oi sce cie eee as 12, 41 pallipess ss2esceceesneeeee ar oe 8
SODTIMMS Fate ec ie, doe cele see = ate 12, 41 PaAUperculUssoe-eece sees aae 8
Feri glis sess Se cc eye eee 12, 41 testaceus <-22.2 oeeseweeacee 8,39
‘A CUDA PUSS. 8-3) eee eee ei sissies oes ee 39) | Aeris areuatUs =e eene see eee 21,47
INDEX. 963
Page. Page.
PAOTILUS) DMINCRLUS)< 0s as ss se eiesee ja see = DAs | PCAN CLES etter stsareteisis asics cinis case esteem ssies 274
CREMUS Hehe s ie sansa semeeeea 21,47 IDETaN Giese oe He alec ccieets 274
TU axis sas nse e me ae ne ee 21 MONOCEROSH oe se eae eateries eee 274
STALL AGUS ees - peices as ee ae 21,47 DATOV Rye cae sececiemiaesa eee aes coe 276
lecontelmantre Scere = a ees PA ANC Danette: ceecicc cee ces cielz stioe es cee 274
obsoletoguttatus!-425-2-5-s-e ese Dilt WAUULORUUS erty scien oe ata selsicec oe 274
ODSOUERIS ie Soe re noe ood cise 47a AbUterus an PIN OSUSE <--> sc0-e os cease oe 275
OUORURME eee aos eee ete a7 MIM OCCRUS mek ae ser seas eee 277
DO NUS s ee esses eae sae 21,47 VEN OSUSeeseehi aes eee race see 276
MUP C OuMI NR se ae ee my ate ee D147 at Ady MenISs ChUDTaAta ese cs oe sees cece ose 22,48
SUMEIN GUS ee a aot eee eee Zip Ala ama ceullochiltsce: -saccseecees esse. 370, 386
PAST QIU BM state tele are era tsyn1 SeS seers ciseia ge wes Sols | eA arace ocho se ence ccs sansace naceacecicns 38
PROT IOLES nec seis oe eee 5 CAE Ree ae aoeSnae 47 aneUstatdesscss sseseaasoe Saas: 6
BIVIUILSUS asi 2 oe ee nse Se occ ores 20 BV Be erates oe aerate eos 6
ISU S eee eae sates et os 20 basillanigyss-ssscs-eece-cetececess= 6
Oblongeicollins esse ae as 20 Chia Cealaae te nasse eae manatee 7
PUPESCCISi est a sce ere cee 20 CTASSISP IN Aa Asan ae see pest eos 6, 38
PANS Cee ere aa e ee IMRT So arts aGecisiai 560 | Cupreolatalnesasssceeecieemrseeecisie 6,38
PV alisiiny OPSiecacee on esa ys 20,46 | Cxalatacsecer th oe cneeces 6
OCUIA TUS asa seaee ore eine ee 20, 46 fallax Sass oe sos e-ooise oasis eeeeisine 7
PCC eee ream tte tome Ae aste ee auc 299 hulivipesics de sceasacicae tiosae'- csi 6
mulcedo) benralensiss- 28. o- Soes tes ec es cce 299 impuncticollis ...-- SES eee eee 6
ispida bengalensis...............- 299 INGELSGUtLIS 2 so eaters oes thi
DUleailamEs ese mae ese oe eels 300 IVUSCUINS salsa k como eee ereeee a
Grid activates abso eae ae 300 | TUPTIGA a2 282g ateeciee ce eee enoes 7
Aucisuhaydensatae.--s-0 5-52 eo 3705390 a) Amaurorhiniwsmitens.=-4se.s aes ease 222. 86406
PSU COINS Meneses 2 oe ais oe ee laser Ste 516s||-Amaurormisinsulanists-—- cues -csee- sence 312
QUT AIS sae o ns se ee lore aa tere ees Sook AED DIO DSIS see ere eee a eine eee 420
PIC CULIAS eet os ce eee eae Ree 449° 475.503 | Ambrosia artimisifolia:.......--.......2-. 911, 914
Me CirOlOphUsk-see ase ee see 475, 477 Grill aie serie oo hc meee eoeiee 891, 911
benjamini, new species .... 475,476,503 American Gelechiide, Supplement to the
MOC Ea ee eee ean aeees ae secre 41 Rewisionvol=-see-saserenc- ccc 931
PAL COMMA INCE wap eat eran See esa 5, 12, 41 Moths of the Family Gelechii-
AWE NaI ln] OL Suede Syste ef aas e e lemenie 15, 43 dee, with Descriptions of new
PAU Sra GHIsTeL CVI pera trae eee a cease 19, 46 Species, a Revision of the, by
POTOS yet Meee een eaten erg re 19,46 | NUP UIStBUSC kes pee eeeen ee 767
MULE CUIAMtLA storia - a= os Be Amina ase 30, 58 OcelotsMkeystole- sesso. sece 237
DUUC EMG ee se se ee eee SOROS 2] CAMA ae crsisisjetepereis eae oe eeee See meee 719
Allionia nyctaginea......-..--.....-- 406, 411, 791 CALVES rat oeetoseoe seen aseecaeess 719
PAI UME eS Sea e eyes a yostaie Naiajeree Seiaew hes S80 WATMMOGMbeSsttte ceed oe acetals 333, 334
AlocharaspiumMaCWlatiin—:o2- eens nesses eee “Am ody tide oases aoe e ae saaie ee ceiones 333
Drachyptertee seeker 11 | Amobia aurata, new species ........-.--- 119
Lata teeass it Sle mn seae ocise 1a AM ORD hay truUtlCOSaiec)s--< 2 sere aces eee "52, 891
TUT A ves Sasa cae es ee ier) eAmapeloglypieratern ssc. eases enenee 35, 56
PAG pOGaNINIteCanssse- oe sees eee ae mee 31, 53 longipennisir masse BoL
PAUL Oras Mh alae ceteris cic een secre: 25,49 | Ampelopsis..... fa Sao e Ses eniro ne cies areas 802
Adlobates pennsylyvanica sc. >=. --2-- <2 30 quinquefolia. 222s eshe25 2-7 801
Alophora tenestratamcse a. ocsseecse cee 1 O5y| Amn ha Cann Sees stereo ters saa eae 560
pplendiday cesses asec ee en 105 albopunctatus ..........- 561
PAU OS aera a aire Se NS Se ys oe 649 AUTAaUbACUS|==-5- 2s neeee 561
VU SAN Saesee Sees aoe ee Okc es 708 TUSCESCENS sea ceeee ee esees 560
Alphitobiusidiaperimuss =. ..-52552----. 30,53 margaritiferus ........... 561
Alseonax latirostris ............-..-.----- 295 | WIT@AtUS Ss oe asc sae sae 562
Alsocomus palumboides ...............-- 309 | Amphasia interstitialis................-.. 8,39
ENIGIita CINE TASC CD Siaee ri nee sere seine 371,399 | Amphicrossus ciliatus.................--- 18, 45
Alutarius amphacanthus................- 274 | Amphionycha flammata ................. 27,01
MaAcracanthius|sssessse es esaeee Duby Mee tiaty oleh ool): oss ecmcaboacee cae “leans 224, 423, 429
Oblitershisi staan aaeee O75e || Amp hisilestnigate -ecce aaa e ces 626
PLIONUTUSS fo -cecenaeeeeeteenae O73) || AMphous Ml kell sanss-eeseeeeee eee kaee 18, 45
JARI ENG 3 Se SS RE ee Seer EE ese 2625274. 270; 2coni| AN aDatOld EX MUSCUSscasemes caeee eee oe 133
CINCLCA we .ee-n- See aes Sci aoee 214,.\| Ana bazenopsamasacs os ascee ccs ccecs csiceae 133
PAIMGHEMAMA aos soem eee 275 ACLS acre ace settee nae = 132
TOTO CELOS Fea slacttneiae eee ATA TO noo) || CAT CHIN SIS a eee ee meyer rer ato -f= So aac) 773, 801,
MAST CONTIS Ss yaar eee sete eh eee 277 840, 842, 843, 844, 847, 851, 887, 904, 907
PICHUVALMe scm. aoe noe eee an 276 apsconditella = - 2. -cs-sac-- 801
SCUIP lasso: ces see cie se eee see 276, 277 agrimoniella. 842, 843, 845, 850, 930,935
964
Anacampsis apicistrigella
argyrothamniella ...........
GereslellaSeeeeisaoe cess
crescentifasciella.......-...-
eyclella, new species .... 845,
fullonella 844, 849,
glanditerellar =<. <2 se2 see
innocuella 371, 406,
lagunculariella..---....-....
levipedella 845, 851,
lupinella £44,
niveopulvella
paltodoriella, new species. -.
populella
rhoifructella .... 845, 846, 847,
TODIniellaecse seals eer ee
sylvicolellaijs=-- sence ce
iistnig elias et see ees see 845,
Anacanthini
AN ceGis DEUNTLECUS aes) tee se See nas
AT AMOTPDUS eee Ae cote rea ee cea ae
PUSINMS Sect ee
Anampses ceeruleopunctatus
ANapleus mareinatus) se. eee eee
Anarhichadidee 441,
Anarhbicha ding ss ss-st see eo eee ese
Amarhbichase aos scers eco cce Tee ee ee
MUPUS Sasa nee eee eee
PATA M ST alice sets rey sete: Se eae eS eee
albapuilyellaiss 22 see epee ee
peliragese lla. fie: ieee etn eee
lineatella 928,
obliquistrigella ......- ear ep ae
DPLUMNTCN ere es one ene ne eee
sufiusellaeemn a ee piaaceres ee eee
trmaculellajo-4 esa see 914, 922,
trim Culeuusie eee ca seer erae
AMCHASTUS MULUS Seas tee ects
ANChOGemMuUs sn LUsuUs 2. nee eee ee eee
Anchorelila cos. a25cn set eee eee eee
AnGHOVIs NOC Ries cep eee eee ae
ADCHYtATSUS 2520 ee e eee ee eee
DiGolOM ye asses e ee eee ee
ANCYTOMYX cass feel. ee cine ot ne See ears
VELOP SL 6US cece ene een eee
Ancyrophorus..<..3 = 34 Castaneusraasaseneeera-aoee ee ae 25
MUU ss sec eee cas see eis 34 ini entatusia. ses sete esa see ce 25
orchestoides..-..-..:2.--2-- S41 el Aphoristanvitta tases eases ee 15, 43
TOPUSUUUS Se eee eee ee S45) ADO TAStUS|teoml a tUSt asa eoe a eee eee aac 33, 55
MUIDIAUSH sesso cancers Sai Ap MENON AMS litela~e sesso see es eie a 29, 52
SOnUal ini Hes aasepsecsossose avg PPA pICISCLIE Cll eee aa ee emer ease ae acest 774
SPNACUS Sos sono assesses aes Sd DOE MAUD INL ODS teeter oe oe era laterals emreeioe 108
SUblasclatuseeceee ee eee Sie ASD LO Mlnet ats a apeeictet set oars edit om eee Ly es 55
Subguttatus ace ose ee 34 SNeLIPENN EGP ee esse ae eases eee oe 33
Sullcitrons = see eeeeeeeane 34 SULT CS Sassen cians ania sere Sotelo 33
SUtUTAISeaene ee eae 34, 55 Carina tame sses ease nee 33
SVCOPMaMts ee een sacer eat 34, 55 Coraceliume ems ee eae ee ee SB)
MIN SSS ian eee een 34, 59 COXA] Os paar ae yaa eee 33
VATE OP etic ee eee 3d decoloratumes ee cee ece eee eee 33
Anthophora abrupta -.2-5--2-------2---=- 54. EMACIpPEI Ay seca ee ecr at eee ee 33
PANU LAM OTN Srey pare erche te cote eeietins, ao cee wee 45 GUNG UI ees ese terre 33
MMUSCOLUM Sse se acer class 17 | PTISCUIN Se Se eee eee ie ha oor 33
SCLOpMU ani eeeoen eee ee eee 17 | herculampim|seeseter eset eases 33
WeLDASClisae soos acae sae eioce ee 17 | LUD CEM a ee aa emer eee ee 33
BNI limi oi aac rey eerie tee ara oe 37,57 | impunctastriatum: <6. /.2o2 hese. 33
Anthribulus rotundatus.............-.--- 37,57 Tae Ann AN eer eee a = 33
ATED DUS COMMMUGUS ses eac occ Semele = 37,57 | TTL UE eres eee ee eae 33
PATINUOIUIS eorre cee aim cyaetciauitce st sasic te chee eee 297 | TUL RUT ee eae ee eee ee 33
ACU CAUGAbUS Seas eee eens eet 134 | TOME UE eee eee ee era 33
GOIVATUS Sayan cent ce aa eee 297 | petrallle lumpy eee ese ere eee 33
PMS OMEN Anclac ncaa oe toseesctee 521,562,565, 566 | Pabr el Cesare en aa eee een BB}
CAPlOS ~~ 2 25-2--<2=---=: O21, 022, 623),520 pennsylyanicum oso... oscees ses. 33
MMMM erie se G2. sees ae 523 pertoricolle=- -=..-.-- Cerone. 33
TUDESCENSS 05-2 tetas ec eescioe 522, DELIMIT eae fee eeren oe 33
523, 524, 525, 562, 565, 567, 568, 570 POTCAUUMIE Hes eee once eeeeeee ee 33
steindachneri, new species. .-. 522, DULILADUMGS ree ee eet aee nc 33
528, 525, 562 TECIUISUM == ete eee nee eee Se
PAU ET OU OS see oe neler ate aici 518, 521, 562, 565 TO DUS UUM eae aire pee eee eee 33
the Relationship and Osteol- | TOSULUM se errs eee oe eae eee 33
ogy of the Caproid Fishes | SOLNIPCS ie ce sone cette ee ae cee eta 33
or, by Edwin Chapin Starks. 565 | CONUIROSONUMNE peo ae ee eee 33
Anumbius acuticgudatus.....-.....-....- 134 GuUTbDULeMbimi es oes eee eee 33
SUMAN a ses eee 134 | VETILTLCOSU eae eee ae ae 33
Aochletus obscurus, new species.....---- 98 | Wealshiiieees sce Ge ee coe eee 33
PXPANLCSISMI SULA. .-Jaa2- sesso ces as 370,372 | Apocellus spheericollis..................-- 14, 42
Ppallidayeecns ose aces. Sidr ADOP ONG tes eae aaiorae coerce as 573
TUCOLLUP these seca ae Hoe eee 372 | APOlectusMIger |. s.as sec ose OLS 338, 339
SUPELD Aas csacc eae ee Sates eee 370,372 | Applopappus pinifolius................... 406, 827
PAT G LLCS temrteensee ec ee) Senio eis sea ey me 619): ), FApriONs-.qstesaes cee asesteceeasae cece 345
AMENESMNCICUI Ae s=a5- suas enna ao ae cece (ooo) PAprIsStUs| COLGICONISS=stesssn eee ee nate 7,38
: Slmmeitae eee oso ee ee aen an oer 7,38 SUDSU] Caste certs on es ee 7,38
APH eNOPASLELIULCALL csc. es ce soca css 40;|| Aproseremalr ces. ccsave cesses 773, 774, 801, 840, 851
BACH Un AT UT utente mts cyctere cele = sisteyse fal ame rallies 807, 808 anthyllidella ss. -nas-<-.2s2 840, 851
levcatell sean sone aesee ease. 808 concinusella ............. 841, 848, 844
MAM GMs ae ceeeeme ees aerate 808 Crotolamellassen=s2ececc eee ce 841
ADMOGIUS seme aecasccce nc esses eee - 49 kearfottella, new species .... 841, 842
DICOLORM esa eens coccinea eee see 24 MiTatomella sc: esse 841, 843, 935
FEMOLAIS came t eae eee ese teee 24 Migrellaeeasese- cave Saneee $41, 842
TIMELATINS! 9-\oa -.-5--- 841, 842, 930
966 INDEX.
Page. Page. |
Apsectus bispidus))---c--s sees ee esse 17,45 | Argulus laticauda............ 640, 644, 645, 646, 647, —
ATACAN Rs sos s oe sn ec cee reese ee Snes 278, 283, 286 648, 649, 654, 655, 659, 678, 680, 681, 682,
ACULCALA: sarees eeice see ase eae 284, 286 683, 694, 698, 702, 705, 707, 730,741,742 |
RUTItUS: Ase oes cre ese soee 283 laths: 28 25,.cecae esos eres occ eee 640,
Arachnechthra andamanica .....-.-..--- 298 645, 649, 677, 678, 682, 683,703, 704,741
klossi, new species .....-- 287, 297 lepidostel’ 2. s-fcomceueee Bocce 640,
MeCtOralise sss -p esos 298 680, 683, 684, 697, 699, 703, 712, 719, 741
INR CLG LIES Se ddnesemeecodass coos poe aenboS 211 maculosus, new species ....-.... 678, 680,
HWerheategbish goles ele Se aaencemeneenoEee Sosa 33 681, 683, 684, 685, 699, 702, 715, 716, 742
Aranien CINeTed)=7-ccice oe so aeee ea eee ee 217 megalops...-.-.-. ia OE ee ees 640, 645,
Gorollatar cas see eG heen ee ee 24 646, 647, 648, 649, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658,
ERGO USA ease siecle ieeiaieisieaaiale 215 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667,
MAC HATS 2 seer ee eee 214 668, 669, 671, 672, 674, 677, 678, 682, 687,
ATA CIOS, ce neat see. Susser telomere ih 688, 697, 698, 703, 706, 710, 730, 741, 742
Arcana ACUleata =o. sete cine oe. 782, 929 MAaACUAMIS pa -H osha eee eee eee 260 * 7)
ASEM USS: fe ee eee ate ee ee 558 MitiGe: 242 ~ eee ee aoe eee 255 al
fiyIMOL C5 eee eee 558 MONOCCTOS a2 eee ee 274
Availea mio Oakes ace sete meee see 52 VareSCriptus.cn2-225- 276
AMA, NEW SeNMSea soe. oe eae cn eetee 442, 463, 503 UnICOlLOL=- >. econ 274
emmnion, new species ....--..-- 463, 503 oblongiusculus.. --2es-= eee ae 274, 275
Babiau< 2). .2s 325 tise e esa oees Le 51 Oculatus :sis8: sso eee a eee 260
A-uthataee So obs. 3 Sees cee oY ee ONS HSSIMUS = ee eee eee 259
BeGamisi sit renee ae eres Geel se ee eRe 45 OLMa tS 22 oe eee nce eaee 276
PUNCHIOLMIS Yo ee ee 18 porcatus =. 2.25) 22 Sees 258
ESOS a oe eee 18 FOUMGatUS!--.---eseseeee eee 258
BACURULUS 34 os gasps enone eens 430 BINeNSIS: "22 sak 2 soe ee eee 262
Badister flavipes =: s2-s-8 eases oes 7,38 SHIGUS So ct ae atone Sate cere eee 259
MACulatus: = 2:2. kee ee seeeeee 7,38 | undiuldtus, S22 Ss eee 258
MOtAbUS = shee one eee 7,38 | UNiCOrnus 32s ee 275
pulchellns: > sss eee coo ee ees 7,38 | VLTES 2 sae oss see ae ee 256
REN EKUG Aad a eee ees aes 1g o8.o) < BalIStiG Gas. Scenes cee es 251, 254, 261, 265, 285, 551
BECOCClay ae cesses ates aeec eee meee. 43 Banks, Nathan, on A List of Spiders ¢«1!-
BDICMISE set os rece ae ee 14 lected in Arizona by Messrs. Schwarz
CONCOIOE = ears ns eS See 14 and Barber during the Summer of 1901. 211
BSS OUS 25828 soo occ rca cue eee 50. | Barilepton filiforme >. 22. =5--eeee= eee 35, 56
bijMberOsus. cc. 2 esse ases eae 34 | Bayinus cribricollig-ee. 2) 4-. so seeeeeeees 39, 56
MAPISbET 222 sas ast oe see eee 34 | CUTTICONISG otc see eee eee 35, 56
mammillatus= ves een merece 34 (| BSS SS3a5 02 ek on se woes Cee ees 56
LEADS VETSUS = sae ee ce 8 ee 34 | ConfNis. .-)2o- ses a 2 see = 0)
BMAD MOUS) Soe ats. eee te rac see ra eeeee 56 | Giscipullax: sx. w-wh oe 35
CALVALCY PCS icacscs = steerer 35 | GolOSS 2262 Sac Sat Bee eee 30 @
MASICUS soo sasce eae ats Pe aton ee 35D SUD EN CH. 22 2c aoa = S47 eee EEE 30 @
QMeETCUS S2~ = ee a ieee 35 TUMESCENS - 355522 ie eee 35
WECUUS Sessa eto ee eee 35. | uM DiliCata se ss52 soasaee ee eee ene 39
LUMT OLIN Stare tee alee Sees 35 | Bascanion flagellum frenatum .....-..--- 155
Balistapus: 4.ce-sctco scene copes 204, 50} semilineatumi a sete nene eee 155
aeuleatus a5. 0 a-cee- sess 258, 259,285 | Basileuterus auricapillus...............-- 141
CapISitA tus: 2c sao cce eee eee 257 leucoblepharus calus ....--- 141
UNG aS = ees eee oer 258,285 | leucobleph -
Balistesbridet- tan erees nee ae See 255 arusesc-= 141, 142
Ballistes as. eee e fae ae oe 254, 255, 260 | lucoblepharus ealus ....---- 141, 142
ACuleabusis 5 sen sss eae 259 VErmivorus=:- 0 ---sace see eee 141
: VAL GS arcsec eee ae O59) | SBassarcud eho o = oaeeee aes Jee e ee 51
SOSPEISUs oa: sees ees 260 congestus: S25: oe ce een cec ep cee ee 11, 41
UR PELs soca. aio 5k eee 255 SIOPOSUS aa cee incee ta ae eee 11,41
TA POMICUS he eae nace ste eee 265 IONS =: Soe eee eet eee eee 11,41
Re CUM Stas ose) ana eS 274 MONSUWOSUS - cee toe eee 11,41
Lee yiS erases 2 to foes ci aoe 276 MICTICANS S352 cce- hee octane ee 11, 41
VANTGUNOUR seen ost. ye eee 258 PUNCHITONSi sss ese oeeer ee i
lineatus......- Shislae exces 35 258 TIPATIUS sess —e eee eee 11
INDEX. vod
4 Page. Page.
MUNISUS SCADLICCDS! a25-200-ccccccc cee cee 11 | Birds, some new South American, by
SGHAUUINI AS Ra heen See eee ee 11 Harry CA Oberholsersesss sc esac cee ee 59
RDICUUS tee ees macnn eitee ass Abit MB ACTCUSMpIeatIS! ass 445. a2 Sooke sacissee = 127, 185
UMA UIter esas eae eee wee Ale eB ACK SCrapeLadssces sess ssese sce cee acee 268
VLE SUL UUTLUIS (tee acceso kek eee ae 265505 SB lapsisiniilligayscs sss snsceec Scee ene eee 30, 52
Beetles of the District G Columbia, A List BIAPSEMUSH as sets ae e ao oe ce. ee oe 53
oLthe, by Henry, Ulke. ... .2- 75. -52.---.- 1 AMG SRMp GUS pases a nesseseseee es 30
BBS ORE ae esse Socios e cine aoe ne wocweesees 906, 927 MILE Dev UNC UI Sep erry ee te Sy eee 30
, Gostolutellavasesscs2 acaee-scscscseee 911 ANLOES (US ae een ee es ee 30
BeMOp IS VONAUS J soses-~ 2522-2 soc ce 15d=) DI AStODRSIG a ya see sane a act eek ty rs scecs 772, 937
Pee lLOni Geese tae neo ene eee en oeo Oued! Bb LeChrisi Pl aprauus:s sc ca sesase soe kaka eee Hi
BelonwchuUsTOrMOsus:..=-..----..---22.-- 12, 41 DUSLO Mae a tise ae eo onisee 7,38
EMU DIOUIMC AIC ss aonss = en scioc aise =e Ord |B COs sana cars area ee ere accra s 42
MERI GAIN esse eis serene a= 6 AM ASE se eases es ee 14
SUMO care ise he merase <2 6 antl amish nee Sees ae eee 14
Ghalegeum assess meee 6 GONMUSUSIa ase te eee See eee 14
GONStELC HUM saan Sees cee 6 emaroimatusmerns ae see maser sees 14
Conmtractim: 22.45 senna see 6 Mmanaibulanisessesses eee cee 14
COON Clears Bee eee ates 6 SCMIPELMIPINEUS) cess ses oe coe 14
Clorsal ssa sere ann se eee aces 6 SIMUA GUS eat cee eee er ene eae 14
AAT OUUUMMIs a2 see cee eee ee ae Gy | PBleekenial issn fo.2eaeeer ost asicer essences 333, 334
AUIS AX Tp aa ee 6 | SUAS eee eco eh eee eee 333
PUCK esa antia sees a 6 ikallolepisapecss 9. essa eee 333
ITSM Ors see sant eee 6 mitsukurii, new species. ... 316,333,334
leevigattime y= Jo2eec- css nes GhipBlennechiste=-ecesswsetace ssa a ceer 451
LipbOnele wees sao oeeee Se ene 6 | HlamentOsusizess =e see sess 451
APTUVELC WaT eset ee ere a Gin BLEMM CS 355 fy ae aaa -f ee se eke emer 441
AU UUM pee olor cece oe oie Gl Sele casey er ee aes Selene 362, 441, 480, 502
DAUMICLe eee cee eeer ate = Guia Blenniinees ae. sss ein see sara eeeee se 442
PEGicellatiimpaes = seesas= sass Gule Blenmioidea senate scsea- Sse see sees 743
DIGIDCS Staessen 6." Blenniophidium ss ss2ssc 22 agence cetae cree 483
punctatostriatum...-.....-.- 6,37 petropauliz-es- see... see 483
SCMUS(*TIA tM == soe mae sce = GalEBLENTIO PS eases saa soos Antes a 464
EES DTA MEDIA eay a mest eee et 6 | Blenninsangeuillarissasc22s-es se asses 500
Vverterabums a. scsete = so 6 ASUISCUS Hes peer eee eae 459
IBEMPTOPS) sons eho ase cere oe maee cee 939. | Golichopaster ssa sere ectas 471
Bem ka warm uk sn ave sn sess ahs ase 252 | Peleritha essai eee lees ae ee 450
Penn aypaibel ue este cette ae ora 523 | polyactocephalus-... 442, 450, 465, 503, 613
IBCMILE SUNS oe cme ssa e ocean easiest e's 948 | ROSCUS sta nee ars Selene me elas 475
erbDenisiLepens Acetone eee < 404 | CSET Base eto eee eet 474
BEC INS POMS 3s) j-c-ssese eine aes 17, 45 AULA Carseat er 449, 450, 451, 503
IBELOSH Me XLS UUS is gers ase tn ie nentei a oe os 9,39 | Blennoid Fishes of Japan, A Review of
PELEAUIMUS cae yeinle ee henssee eee 9,39 | the, by David Starr Jordan and John
SGML GLU Ray soins es ene iain Se ets Or SIFlle OLLer beim sn yGerass-ssae cess eee 441
Betarmon bigeminatus....2.--2222------- 20s sblepharidamhOise soca ame ise: ants 29, 52
Cul sei pales eee crates ft aes = cee DD ASS DlOtGNe GSM ana sea te ee ee aemesiesee a 2
Bibio tenuipes, new species ...-..-----.--- GoMlmBiie things: Ss ses secs eos ance toca ce sees 560
ET DLOMLG SS ois yee telsewi ttn saee laos Sera = oe 9d) MBOarfish este ss ao occoace een = crear aoe ocd
PRTG iets is cals corciates< aA Se eee eee oe DTT OO NM BOlIDOCEIUS Tc sso sasec soe see See cee as 49
Bid CSSUS te esac sites ce sess aso seaatere ae 39 LANCLUSS. <-- ee sass eee 24
AIMS ae aeons eceaee cece wetews 9 LAZARUS Semele toe se eee eee 24
Hava COMMIS Rs ean ss cee eee 9,39 | Boletophagus corticola.-.-..2---2-2.-2... 30,53
STANATIUS! access sos sees ees 9,39 | Boletotherus bifurcus .................... 30, 53
MENG UISUEIS paps aere cis aioe ee Ou| SBolitopiusaacsisss5- a aeece en gne ee 42
BICESCH IST AllOwwae teense ae seme aee 281 | Gel aright se eee oe 13
BIG ELO VAR e cee ee ee. Sonot ee eee e 105,827 | QULICUS MS ae e en eee ce 13
SES IT OCU US Beer rsa a eet a ore See ee 638. | CUICHICOMIste se sane esse ee 13
DICOLIULIS le see eee eee 638, 723 | CINCUS Heras tense eee sa eeacee 13
BASUETOSLCUS!= —- ---n= cee 637, 638, 722 Gimidiatusc55-2-seses sees 13
Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and LIUPCUSUB YS a seater as oS ee 15
Mr. C. B. Kloss in the Andaman and | MMOL ets eee caste sac os <6 13
Nicobar Islands, by Charles W. Rich- ODSOLEWIS Pascoe ee ee ce nsss 13
TOU Es eae sel aise asic e so seen es 287 PEUTOUMUUS = -wes> sec. wees ee 2 Ss 13
Birds collected by William T. Foster in VATS OMUUIStasta ccc ssc soos 13
Paraguay, List of, by Harry C. Oberhol- Bolitochara trimaculata.................. tt
Serene see alata ile cb aoc abt eon semicon 2s | BOM USins Ise ensae s daiscc cose cenewas 44
970 INDEX.
Page. Page. —
Bombylidze 2 22 eee ae eens eee 100 :|- Brotula so s2et Sass oe at ease ese 753, 754, 765
Bombylius recurvus, new species ....---- 100 SEMA oe on ase clos Sete er eee 760 |
13 (010) 0): be ae ea Be ae Sk rine RO Ce Tan Aaeee Ds 322 ibarbate ss 222s seems ee eee 754
WOODS Sees eee nee se Sacre eee acon 322 formose, new species........----- 316, 364
IBOTOStUnICOLOT Es se eee cee Bose eae 1,.4,31,53 IMPCLDIS fess ese ee eee 757
Bostrichids .........- De aha eit: ent eS 23, 48 JAPON Caste eee es ae eee 754
Bothrideres geminatus -..........-------- 16, 44 multi barbaltees sc. eaeeecee ae eee 754, 765 :
BOCHTOCHI Ses eee tice enc coe 6 aes 746. 749-7604) BLO tUliGee = o.eae ce es eee ee eee 364, 743, 753,765
MOUS ache ee ee ee ee 749°-750-) BYObuling sheets aoe eases ck eee eee 753 |
zesta, mew species.....------- 749.700} EUG HL eis Bee apenas ea eee 29,52
BOX APUMED A soe ieee sass et cee seceee ees 280 | Bruchus alboscutellatus..............---- 30 }
Brachaluberes te =.= o2 22 eas eee 261, 270, 271, 285 bivulmeratus = 24.23. esse eee 30,52 3
PROSSULUS oe ae ee eee 271 GOINUISEE Aes! te ati cee 52 ¢
ulvarum, new species . 271, 272, 285 CHINCNSISS: 2a ese oe ae eee 29,52
Brachyacambihalssesee nse s tan eee 43, CLUCHIAINS) <6 aaa sees eeaee ees 130
: dentipessc2 >see aess se cee 15 discoideus sees: ag. 30 i
INGUbitA DUIS eee ase 16 distinevendus..c55.-5 5 eee 30, 52 7
4-punctata 22-35 seeeeoe- 15 GxIGUUs\ 07. ae eee 30,52 |
arsine Caesarea eee 15 draterculus ts n-taiaesese eee ene 30 |
Var basalis)©2s.cssee sae 15 hipiselcoss Ses eee 30,52
Var. faviirons —:2--2.-.-- 15 lon sistylus)\r2 cae eee ae 30
var. 10-pustulata.....-.-- 15 MACrOCELUSs So. seas ace eee 30
BrachyDamMus <2... oeceese eee eee ee 5) 4-maculatus 32. -aseeseeeoe ee 29, 52
GlECtUS asa -eoaet eee es 34 THUMM US" Soe eee ee ae 29
Brachycepsis cribrarius ©... 2-.5.-------=- 10 MUSCULUS 2S ce 32 peewee ee 30
PELLOravUs see eee oe 10 MISTINUSYS.2 Ses eee eee 30
SUbpuUnctatlis! )-oe- eee ste 10 obsoletus* 3.522925. 55m eres 30, 52
BrachyGis HrevicOuls mene pace emilee 24 ODteCtUS= S225 /a)) ee seer eee 30, 52
Brachycoma pubicornis, new species -... 116,117 PerloratUs cease ee a 30, 52
setosa, new species .......-- 117 PiSOrUM Ces aspect eee ee 29, 52
IBIHCDYCLEPIS <6 es ones see ees bree 40 Seminulume=- 2. pees eee 30
Brachylobus Lithopbhilus = 222 2sese-en ae 82385) Bryaxissceecrs socticn tees eee ee ee 41
IBracChyRUS eee sesso ss scare cece eneee 38 abdominaliss 3-22 asses ose 1
RIMETICAMUS) sasaeheeiae eee 7 atlamtica x32. tene tease ese 11
ballistarilssa7eapseeseeeee= 8 Delirageiaccse- ae eee ae 4,11, 41
PUIMANS = 275 seen Neeeecte oe 8 CAVICOFIIS S226 Host 22e eee cae 11
MIMS So oeres coe eee ee rf CONSENEE 2st et cee eee 11
perplexusss sos esse Le 8 CONjJUNGtas S92 ee 11
Brachypodius fuscoflavescens. ......-.--- 290 Genitaie tess ree erste eee es 11
Brachypterus urtiese 72. ---..-------21.-- 18, 45 HOTIGAM dee ecm see eee eee J1
Brachysie-sse reese. sees cence cee ee si aeeees 47 gemmilero-seace | aces See 11, 41
PTOSASo ee hota os FoI eee eee 22 illinoiensis? /ss-sa—e- 422 See eee ae 11
PETUPIMOSAi a ses. cee ae 22 intermedia: = el 23562 ees 11
OW SIGH ose tei a eet eae er 21 Winiger S222 Coie Sanat eee sees cule
Brachyspiza cap eusisees-ea.-- =s-neeseeeeer 146 perforata yes: 2 Sascha eee 1
Capensis'--c.222s-a- 146 PuUNCHCGOMIS = esse eee eee 11
Brachystylus acucuss. csc 2- 20 cess eos eee 33, 54 TUpPieundar 2. Ss a= ese ee eee 11
Brachytarsus altermatus: =o. 2.52 = eee 37,57 WUKeLsaeasseen sae Sa eens 11
lim batuseoe seo peer eee 37 Validaly st sess scee Oe ee 11,41
tOmMentoOsus! sho... -ces eee of, 07” | (Bryolophus, Tew SEMIS cee asses 614, 617
Varlegatus i. A-eecncmec ete 37, 57 lysimus, new species. ..-. 614, 617, 618
Bradycellustlineanris 5-32. esses see se ee 8539 | *Bryoporusflavi peste ses e. aan eee 138, 42
TISTICEDSte as Soe eee 8 TuUfeSCENS)- 52. = soes aegis eee eee 13, 42
TUPCSLTIS fo aheeoee ce sete ema etees 8 | Bryostemma.......--- 442, 463, 464, 503, 613, 614, 617
tam tills es-22c2 cu see eee 8 decoratum, new species. 614, 615, 616
var paraillelus 22 =-=s=seeeee 8 otohime, new species .......-.- 465,
IBTANCHIPUSE oe os) ao Ree 644 466, 468, 503
BUATICHUUBAS ejects cw Ses sewer Meee 701 polyactocephalum ............. 464,
iBrazilliamocelot- 2520... c2 scenes eee 246 465, 503, 618, 614, 615, 617
IB TeMbll Meee oan ore see cia toc cela eeR eee 35, 56 Polyactocephalum, on cer-
BridekoGhioe.(. ss sic. cco occ sen Sages 942 tain Species of Fishes con-
Broggeria, new subgenus......-.........- 605 fused with, by David Starr
SHILOELE too Sc Sales see eee 605 Jordan and John Otterbein
Brontessde plist) jon so 2b sone sete. Aya SniyG@ene: seep ecw san sees 613
GUIDING SS eee se cei ot. eee deel Osa saitone, new speeies .-........- 465,
Brotella tee saceeae ste cec sutis tos cee oe tees 756 467, 468, 503
AMPELDIS mee esse wae sees eee oe 756 tarsodes, new species ....... 614
a ae i eae el eee ee eee
i
i i lel a ra i a ale ld a ae ae aba
INDEX. 971
Page. Page.
BEET VOUrO DNA AtUMIS setts) «uc ncte\mivisin te aiei= = ciel 894 | Calligrapha elegans.................-.--. 28
basquella cise -sossecesstesee 864 philadelphica seep scse ene: 28
plochinellavs 22 dassceccs es 779 SCRLATISiES Ae me wconceectecnee 28
operculella, 222 2ae5- seme eis 821 similis. /--.- eras ae ae ate 28
: Solanellans 5502 o.caeecese 821 VWATASPILese) a sac acct ace oes se 28
BEBE ITDONIdes eat est eu amekc saaesee 304 | Callima argenticinectella .............---- 896
Babuleus'coromandus: =... 2-22s25-522-- =. 313 | Callimoxys sanguinicollis. .-.-. Eee 26, 50
UTE COLCA CULM es ce oes mace iahaele 127 Callionymidee assesses. sscsenecc ses 367, 939, 941, 958
LINE COMMA seas oot cies = lee ee Sos ones 1278 | CallionvmuUstteee ss eee at eet 939, 941, 942, 947, 959
PIC CMIUiRI Ney ease sen (sie okie oacet ceases 772 ULLUVEISe secs ee = 947, 948, 957, 959
| PSIG VES TH UV deter see es ee occ cieseetce eee 297 Denies unin wees ee 948, 956, 959
7 EMIT ESIC Gore jetta ie to ee tae oee sacs ses 21,47 calliste, new species .... 948, 954, 959
FEVUIpPTESbis CeCCOTA sesso =e: See ee eee Sn 21 CULVICOMMIS as sete = ees ae 950, 952
linestaect-tcece sees es ses cete 21 flagris,new species.. 948, 952, 953, 959
MUM PSone meee mace nae 21,47 MIAME. Pees oe sass 948, 955, 959
Sunlatenseeee et Se a So ep Sea 21 inframunds*. ssa. eee ee 949
Buseck, August, on A Revision of the JAPOMICUSe net so eee 942, 950, 952
American Moths of the Family Gelechii- Ton Pieawdatusiass- sce tcc: 942
dz, with Descriptions of new Species. - 767 LUMA hUSHecL oe eee 947, 949, 959
SOLU US eM AOU Ayam one mises ise eee nisi aie 891 LWP Wract ter erene es oeene sree 947
Butorides spodiogaster .........-/..----.. 314 punctatsssese-eaease ee ee 950
BU bveriy ns CSias eee a eons ees ac eee ee 528, 534 TECV CSL. sence 942, 943, 950
SESVATTT Gee hes om te Serco eens vis eecen aan se 19, 46 TICHArdSONIveesemesee eee = 950
VENUS MUTIMUS esos ote ease ses ce eee oe 19, 46 valenciennesi.......--...--- 948,
IBSii Meee es eee are sc etic cies cecciseee 753 950, 951, 954, 957, 959
ECTS UMN COLOR ese ce see wee eee ee ae 17, 45 Warleratus s2s- acces ceneese 944
WACO ORUSIS seas see ce bee peewee codes 356 virgis, new species... 948, 957, 958, 959
Caccecia argyrospila.............-..-- 371, 400,401 | Calliurichthys, new genus...-.--....------ 941, 958
var. vividana.-..-..- 371 doryssus, new species .-... 941,
CeLASIVOLAN Ale ascot c see esne - 371,401 945, 946, 958
MCMUMGAN Aen see eee aoe 371 japonicus ........ 941, 942, 945, 958
MN I aT dae se eee ean eee 401 VARLESATISsseeeee ese 941, 944, 958
TOSHGCCAN Asana aceeeces see Se 37 401'<| Calloidesmobilisas. 2a. -sesscsc-2 5522 -e-e 26, 50
SEMMIferan aes = occe seers asec 371,401 | Calobata vittipennis, new species.....--- 125
Viva CAIN es a hae et eis ST A00 en OalOCHTOMUS a= eeceececeeeceee sce s cee eia = 47
Cacopliaipullatasees sce cewssecene cece ace 26, 50 DCLIACehUS*er cer ceeoecreseee 22
Wpecidoteacess.ssseeses 55 490; 421. 499" 493°497, 498 | Calcenas nicobarica .--. 2-22 2.25.---2 2222. 309
MmCKAjACKENSIS. = 252 - oe nee 421, | Calopteron reticulatum .........-.---...- 22, 47
422, 424, 426, 427, 428 CENUMMAE) oe tee emsejace cele 22,47
michardsone: =... <-)s222 APA A427 428436. | Calormis tytlenl =. 2 s--escscenesce-=seoress= 293
Shy fide een. 401A 2 49354045 AI6. 4274987 | CalOSOM ane cee ee as ane soe eas =e Jae ee cie c= 37
LNOLLOM YW beSeaen ts eaeece ee cee 427 TATA astemaps eo werae oe mcs eoece ee 6
Oreria GU Gata. =o acl aes ee emcees ee 22,47 EXTERN een es oe oonac eee ae 5
Crenocara intermedia -.......:-...-..---: 23 SL Vile eee eee mine oe ces selene 6
OCUNaias 2 cae eee. ae te eee REE 23,48 | SCrutatOnssenc oe cawco cess eee es 5
WNOSCE]IS ie aware sae ie ees oh een eae’ 44 | WiLL COR ees aes aes eee e aes 5
ferrugined ees ss os eee see a. Calospizartata0raseuss eae ses eee a s0 2222 seseeece ee 36, 56 cayvatus, new subspecies 435
ORY Zee rs oneal etna Seen ostee 36, 56 tenebrosus, new sub-
Calandrideen cc uacste mere seceuereeceicesc es 36, 56 species .......... 232, 234, 235
Galathugss. sao ct sta ctewe coos soeeeeae bose 38 Clarki 32222 62s sos es 437
PLCLATIIS* scesc ote ae cece eee ee i GOREN ESsaeee shee le eee eee 235
TOU UMC LACUS e- -ee eee aaa a EXMTAN OUI: cee ease eee eee 436
Opaculus sass se ss be awe aceeeee 7 HAM VAGUS so see ae eee ces 435, 436, 437
CM pussies Seis ceet ees So sce s baes sete acces 642 J OLCANI Same caons ae ee ceceee ae 436, 437
G@allicamthusse-oa2.. bcos sce ceses peace aces 558 StI ANUAS Bees seco eee 436, 437, 438
ClOPANS 222 ojso-cecosaemaiee 558 striatus, new sub-
CalliGerlistiiscos.: 2-c0csccscescseacseece 11 Speciesines sees. 437
Calhighnimness8ee oy. Sot cose cc eee eee eee 50 Mellucidusseseeeeesee sas ess see 226,
BETO U eres misao eee eee 25 298, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 436
UE GOT BUT a ereretarere tate ae oe 25 PER osieysic cue ere el 233, 235
a] LEBEN Seo = rete an sie ore tee oe or 25 DLODINGUUSeesee hee ce ne onsale 235, 489
Callieraphae ose cecoees wc ts eee ae oe 51 PUlNAMIeeses set eon se s- 5. sles 236
DIGEDVaN aon. ose eee eeeiew one 28 TUNGICUSE Seite oe once ceecacessee 235, 236
972 INDEX.
Page Page
Camibaris SeCtOSUS! See es sees ee eee re eceee 436 | Carapus kagoshimanus................... 751
BPINOSUS seers ee cee 439’ ||-Carassius'auratus-<: 222-5 2c se sneer 321
Cambrian ‘prachiopodaes= +. s+ -ae ees ae O77, | Caxcinops: Conjunctus c= casero eee eee 18
Acrotreta; Lin- SEMINATUS s.-- ee ee en 18
narssonella; 14—striatus:..2 chee ese Aen Se 18 ©
Obolus; with Cardiophorusicardisce: 2 2sce. eee nee 20, 46
Descriptions of CODVEXUS*: - oss = =e eee 20, 46
new Species, by SAPFAbeS..2s. . -ao2: oes eee eee 3, 4, 31, 53
CObbEReeken. 2a ord, ||| CaxphOHOrus DILUTCUS; =. =5c25 ee eee 36, 56
Gampepharidse.s=-.) see eee eee 299". Carpophapa-ssese coe een ae eee ee 302 —
Camponotus pennsylvanicus.....-..-.--- 41 WNER S255. 50e eee ses ee ee 308.
yancroma Coromands.. -.--22222o22-2----- 318 INSwlanis. 5-séene eee eee 308, 309
Gamiiainciocsees ose st oe on ee eee eee 53 palumboides.<-24..-sss2eeeee 309
pallipes) 225 .0...ccn-eetenee tee seek ol: | (Carpophilusiantiquus):--"-2-.- s-ceeeeee= 18
plagiata:. 222% sacs eee ol brachypterus'-s245-..seceeeeee 18
USI a ess. secs eae ee oe 3l COLLIGINUS Sos. 2 see- eee 18
Canthidermiss.... 22. lester ee eee 254, 260, 285 GimiGi ais <5 18
angulosus] = 22a ee 260 hemipteruss 5355-22 eens 18, 45
MACUlATISs-= eee eee see 260, 261 marginatus’ = -s-5.. ee eee 18
rotundatus)-222555--26- 260, 261, 285 MIE oe 55s eee eee 18
Canthon Wevisis.-- -3 232 cen ee eee 24;.49 "|. "“Gartoderevelegans 220-22. sso nar (eee 18
VICUAIES : 2258 see pene naa occ 24,49 ALIFOTINIS | Foss ae eee 18
ViTiGis: 7-32. So. 0e eal eee JA AG?) «Caryatalbaca-ce cece. coe eee ee eee Peete 923
Camithiydrus tee2 Gee es ee Sosa eee 39 | Casas Grandes Meteorite—earbon in ..... ani
biGolonass.5* 2 cee ee oes 8 chemical com-
PUN ChICOILISi- Hesse oe 8 position of -- 70
Capmochroa’s:.. 22.2... eerosee eee ensues 53 description of. 70
fubigimosaysssscccees see ceee ce 31 history of ..... 69
@aypratetsSo2 cota ecce satiee eeu ces saseees 521 mineralogical
Gapridse Stossel es See eee ee one 521 com position
Capriscus murium dentibus minutis -..-- 274 OFS. SS 72
Caproid Fishes or Antigoniide, The Rela- schreibersite
tionship and Osteology of the, by Edwin Ie seein a. 72
aChapini Starks? .-s2- ses esos a3 565 silicates and
Caiproidee snes wwe care a ee See eee ELE HOD: other miner-
Ganrophonus’s\2.2. <2. ae eee ee 521 aIsiiny == see 74
SUTOTH soe eee eee ee ee alee taenite in..... Te
Capropyeilanc: tpess ssc 26ers 283 The, by Wirt
RITNIS GRIER ars ee ee cee aera nee 283 Passinc:2-< 69
Gaprosiseceses cose vaeoaeesee ce we eee 516, 521, 522 troilite in ..... 72
APCTe acne ees eens as eee tee eee 521) | -Casnonia ludoyicianar. += s=-4ese-eeee ee 3, 7, 38
Carabidieos: 222 ss2. 2 sen secs aoe ete 5,37 pennsylvanica. =. 22-2: 5st eee 7,38
Garabushssterccccs sce ted conan sees eae 37 || (Gassia chamechrista:s 9. 2=-4assse= eee 839, 864
Lim Patusscceosoe oes ees eee 5,37 marylandica,s 222: s2.-se eee 52, 55
serratuss*_--)..$o-- ~ 2 oa eee fh | sCassida: bivittatatss 2.2.55 cee e ere 29, 52
SYLVOSUS os. c ce oe enioe se eee 5,37 NICTIPES 82 teases eee ee eee 29, 52
WAN CHIS= seer eas eee enn ae | Omtastegs - 2) 2.5 ca. ss bec eae eee 852, 883
Carsdring) Joes nen c-- cee ee SES SS EASE 207 timidella: -=23 eee 852
extimial ioe. Soo eae eee. 370°375—| -Gatozents cuts 2ecaees 92 ae eee 16, 44
PUN Ctivenae —esose soo ee = 207. | «Gato=pardus mexicanus ----o=- sees 238
Caraneidsess: . Sst he Gertie see eee 38655215) (Catostomuse: =. - cscs oko ane See eee 649
Caranguse 25 Poss seh eee 336, 337, 338 DOStONENSIS 22232 ee eee 709
ALMA GUS: 252 Sacacee eee pee 338 COMMEISON 25> soe eee 646
CaTaneus.. 5282-2 eee 337 | Cats, The Ocelot, by Edgar A. Mearns.... 237
CIZTNOSUS'S.-- 3: a2 eee 338; |) \Geanothus2:2 cs. =o. 2s ae ees 408, 875
MIPPOSio.<-- woe ee ee 337_|'Cediusispinosuss Ssee=- oes eee 10, 40
FAITA! Ss hee os cede, ee eee: 337 Zlepleri=..2 ste 2 eee eee 10, 40
MatUSase 2 ss fece Ses ee 337... -Geletes*basaliso..ss22- ss. 5220p eee 22,47
leptolepis. [uss cee ee 397° |) Gelina/angustata 2225.25. = ---\ eee eee 4,9, 39
MA ADATICUS! So s5-c ace ke ae seo 337-| (Cenopis)| directangjss:=-ss-e-.e- sae 371, 401, 402
BOXTESCIALUS: 25. Sect pee oe eee 337 reticulatana sense steer. see eee 402
Caranx dumertas seo. 2G ott eee 724 |\-Centrinopus:: 2. <= Sno. So snes ee eee 56
Campi Giese ete = Poe eee ecckcc ene 743, 750, 765 alternatus 2. et sseeeeee een 35
Garapus caress eens sece es cnectcen sme 700; 751, '765>|'-Centrinus 2-2. 4---- --=2s=-seee eee piss ies 56
ACUA) eee et ecet cease ewes cetee 750 albotectus) <2: 22 2es2ece ene n- seen 30
Sp i a ti a ed ee ca
atin tn
INDEX. 973
Page. Page.
Centrinus clarescens -..------------------ 35 | Cereyon melanocephalus -..-.------------- 9
penicellus ......--------------- 35 MAVACWLATIS <== 400
WentrisCuS...-2-2---- <---> -- ---< = 619 parvifolius~-.-.--.=----=----- 369, 400
Gentroblemnius.....--.------------------- 499 | Cerophytum pulsator. ...-.-.------------ 21,47
TU WUS Sse pe sere se 499 | Cerostoma radiatella ......-.------------- 404
Centrodera decolorata ...---------------- 26, 50 Tulbpre ll aes sees 371, 404
DiC theese soso eee soa 26,50 | Cerotoma trifurcata -.....---------------- 29,52
Centrogaster .......--------------+-+-+--- EOE je Gemuchiis ss scan octet ees wae ctaieta lear 49
fuSCeSceDS'-.=-2-----------=- 560 | PIG CUMS ese ce ye ne aisles erie -ais\a me 24
Centronotus ....---- Seis sae secre Saini 470, 483 | Cerylon castaneum......----------------- 16, 44
POS ee = see ean a= ell 483 | Ceutorhynchus anthonomoides ....------ 35
G@rassispin Mees eee steer se 469 | Atri CUlUS ssetee eae 35
dolichogaster-.-.----.------ 471 | enythropusee-s= see seee = 35
(yibOWS Kill seme mer seem St = 488 puberulus 35
FASClatUSes Seer e eee ae 470, 473 pusio 35
gunnellus .--...------------ 470 rape 35, 55
MeDULOSUS See eae eee 468 septentrionalis.........-- 35
DICHOS Sean eeeeeeee 2-1 471 | SiCUlUSEeeee- soar as 4,35
quinquemaculatus -...-.--- 483 | SOpWaIG AGUS 2 foster = 35
TOSeus .-..-- ee ee Oe 475 SULeIPENNISHa. wees eee 35
SlUpImenabuss= j-e1 <== - - == 469 | zimmermanni ....--.-..- 35
taczanowskii ...------------ 473 | Ceyx tridactyla .......-.---------+++----- 300
G@Gentrophorus=. 2-2 -.. 225. --.-5=--2----255- SianieChachecsee te ates sean ee oe eee est 268
Gentropyge--.---.-.----------------+------ 544, 545 | Cheenogobius macrognathos. ...--.------- 576
fii Ce eee eee Se alae 544 Chietochilus contubernatellus ....--..--- 921
(Ceo halve cea ae sauesnpoasesesossscessqonc 40 Mallitolellws sees oo se o--,-' = 925
SM ONLI eae sce waseee oe eee 10, 40 | pometelwiGuee sas s-s=-5-e = 921
Cephalacanthide........----------------- 361 | trimia cw) CNUs sears crete ra 922
Cephalacanthus japonicus -....---------- 361 | VeNtrelluSees =. sse=- 5 see 924
occidentalis. .....-.----- Bom Ghee tOCM eM aise sane eee eee een sae eee 52
Cephalosecymnus zimmermanni.....----- 15, 48 | COMMMISm ese aera sence ot-= 29
Cephennium corporosum ..-..--.--------- 10, 40 CremuUlatimese-eace-eeeee =e 29
erraotee sn Delta ke. 2 aoe haus eae 364 | denticulatases)sase--e < 29
AMIATO IMA =e 6 = a= eam == 364 TUM ae ae eee eae 29
Repolideea. =. sea seen s------ == --2 =e === 363 parcepunctata.....--------- 29
Mara CISISalll Clete ao ase siesta eto 24,49 DROUENSAeer ease see = =< 29, 52
Cerambycide ......-.--.----------------- 25, 50 DUCA Aenea oe 29
Geratacambhus..-- <=... -------2-----=---- 275 SsuDCyINanICas |. -<5- 2 29, 52
Ceratographis pusilla. --.-.-.------------- 27,51 | Cheetoccelus setosus ....------------------ 4, 22,48
USUI = Saree tero terete atti =i = 51 | Cheetodipterus.......-------------------<- 75
Ceratophora fullonella -.-.---.----------- 849 | Cheetodon...-....-.------------+-----+--- 529,
Jeratopogon ancorus, hew SPeGlESi= amen 87 | 580, 534, 539, 541,572, 78°, £65, 566, 571
bellus, new species .....---- Sra anthritiCUSs-esseeee ese see ae 527
exilis, new species......---- 86 | AULCUSSe- eee eee eee 356, 534
glaber, new species ....-.--- 85 | QUITO ee eee eae eee 531, 5382
inermis, new species. .-.----- 86 auriga var. setifer.........-..- 531
pilosus, new species -.-.---- 87 GUNIPESasere seer ee eae a= OOOO
squamipes, new species. ...- 88 | DILASG1 SOU Sie ee eo lee 543
stigmalis, new species ...--- 86 | CANESCENS ee ee weer eeeee se 549
Geratopygze --.-------:=----5------ 598, 599, 605, 606 | CS PIStTALUS = oe on eciee ela =~ 529, 530
(WETOLS eee eee ee nee eaaaeeias = 856 Citrine US-e sone e ep ea 307
Cercopeus chrysorhceus .-...-.----------- 33, 54 | collaniss2=--2=- 356, 357, 530, 534, 535, 563
Gercus abdominalis ..-.------------------ 18, 45 COTRULUS Hoe ee eee See 549
WENN aise aeons eee 18 | COUPER ne ee ee eee = aes 552
Cercyon analis........-.-.-------------+-- 9 | (Chota ine ee ee ets einai c's tees eee 85
LY DWihittin<2 5. Aiea ee Boe Chironomus atrimanus, new species’2.. 94
UDICOrn ish 5c82 sees ne 559 palliatus, new species...____ 95
vagabundus../.--... 580, 532, 533, 563 pulchripennis, new species - 94
CPEB Chlamiasiuscuse>:...22-. ease ee 321
VILE) CTSA ees enone ee 21,47 | Chlorophonia chlorocapilla -..__......_2. 144
Chalepus (ACh Yy PY SUS. 254. een 25, 49 WITLI S et Er ae ee an 144
Chameenerion angustifolium.........._.. 386 | Chochouwo or butterfly fishes -.......... 529, 534
Olinda s25.. 5c 22. sates ae ee 327 | Choeridium histeroides...............__. 24,49
Channa formosana, new species -.._- 316, 331, 332 Chorops'‘azurio Ser sa ot 393
Chanorichanos . j<,--.-5. se ae 327 Japonica nat ess eee ee 353
RRS EIR: opie! ae 37. Gur. 279 nyctemblema, new species... .. 316, 353
CHARLES 5257 2 acs Leis tee, 48 | Cholerus zimmermanni..............__. 10, 40
DUlOSG 2s eee es ee 23; AS: CHOLe yam os Blas} te eee 40
WAT-RODMUSES, 37 5.5: ee eee 23 ClavaGOrnis seen eee eee ace 10
Charistena ariadne.................... 29, 52 luxidipennises)54ssessnaaae 10
CATS rere sod 57. a 576 simplex 22-6: 3s. oes 10
CisIC TGs sso see 2... 5 eae eueee 576 LeLMingns! 225. o eee eee 10
DIMISAILUS 2/55) ee 76"| |Chondracanthus.. 225 <2. hee 642
Cusaulivgmattinsne sean" 2.) , ko heen As“ Chonopeltisia=cqs sass eee 641, 701, 703, 729, 740, 741
marginatus......-.....__ 22 INermMig <2-a=aueeeere 641, 703, 704, 729
pennsylvanicus ......... 22 .| SOhoragus 2.25 5.2522 on ee 57
Chilo inermigi om) iki ivedik 355 Ditense 55. y 2 eee! aren 37
139
Gisela irr coe eee eee ce slo cede c Oem ane 48,49) | /*CODItid ee je~ce catete sate ieee ie ne ci acltet- /e 321
CreperrimuUsises. s20s---0- Soest ee oes 24 Coceinelila aftimisteensas2s -nectsemns ss see 15, 43
MUS CIP ES acterieiviscieee cists scieslc eral etae ere 24 ONO taba ee ate Sa cwie ein areeeia =< = 15
CISidee sence cniewee ce cies Sino ontecteenciae 24 OCUIM tae etree see ee eae oe 15
(WISSHEADV AEN Seen sae cece cee eee ees 370, 381 BAN PUIN Cam eee ete eens noas Se 15
Cistelasprevisee ceases. 2.sececee seen er 30, 53 Var abdominalise. 22... c-.2 0 15
MUATOAM ALAS ctmiesiossciscioeaaice cele 30553") |hCoceinellidze sc se etn asitemsacel oes ate 15, 48
@istelidbeyee ees ae cccc ce sreeeraee sic 30,53 | Coccotrypes dactyliperda ................ 36, 56
CiStiCOlaeeer ere sees ooeicb ws See eee 291 |; Coelambus'disssimilis:~....--.-..:-....-<- 9,39
CishiCola sis a eee a eet See 291 MUNDUS See ecess Soac cess fo eeee 9,39
Ciitharsed lisse ecco see cee eects B29 | |PCoslowastereqsessee ce sees ecco wemee 55
MCVEM tech Lotte eens ooee 529 ZIMMETMANMI so -ssscese es ee 35, 55
976 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Goereb idee Pes a ee oe 140 1 \Conotrachelustaiinis==sc-ose 56) cease 34
Colaspis S02: tae a eee ne eee eee eee 51 alibicincgtus?ss.us eee ee 34
DLUNN eR Alea ae eee ee es ase 28 analy piGusesmeeeeeeeeeee 34,55 9
FEV OSES es eee eee 28 Crate 2526s eer eee 34, 55
Colastis.iet kame ere moe ap os Sele een 45 CLIPTICO lS >see 34
MACulaius seh =a. e St Sete 18 elezansy 23sec ae eee 34, 55
TROT O Mae a tk ee oe ett aa 18 erimaceus .2--+= sae eee 34
S@MIteChUs sec ece nee ee eee 18 HSSUMO WIS). 22 eee 34, 55
TUM GabUss Secet seee ee eee ets 18 Feminalusvess- see oe eee 34
So PALE COLOR een ne os cies ees 18 hispiduss see one sae eee 34, 55
Colenistimpunctatal 522. 48-eseaee=- 10, 40 jUglan dis eee eee 34, 55
Coleosanthus grandlflora.....:-..-------- 397 NASOIS2+ - sec gemeweee eee 34
Collocailiiahc 2852 eet scc nea eeenoae see 301 MERUPHAT =. sews scan eee 34, 55
inexpectata Pens. aasestee eee ees 301 posticatus -asescee eee 34
(ime it teen e a eae tace RS 301 semiculuss .c=25 sass ee 34
Colops- ses teont nse bate e eet eeeseee 48 tuberosus' = .2--5- Se aeeee 34, 55
GxIMIUS set oo eee Su oe Gitar aed 22 || Contopus: piledtisics se. ose eee 135
4-maculatus........ eee 22 | Contributions toward a Monograph of
MIPTICEPSeee ae: Sates eee ee 22 the lepidopterous Family Noctuids of
trIiCOlOTSe Ee eek eee eee 22 boreal North America. A Revision of
Witte tists ee eee ae aren nye ss 22 the Moths referred to the Genus Leuca-
Gololabisss2 sc os sace teehee ae auseden-seete 621 nia, with Descriptions of new Species,
BRITE ASS peepee eee 621 by John Busmithies seo 159
GOlOn ss rea Oe eee ae ee eee 40) | \Copelatusicn: .- fase ocee eae eeeaaceeees 39
asperatumM one see es a 10, 40 gly phicugic.ce.er oases 9
Nubbardivss: ca-dane sees aeees 1040): ‘Copepodaicc aaa sete ss aee ters aac 701
PATROORMM es soe eae eee 10,40 | Copepods, North American parasitic, of
pusillumy.es-4)s.eccsce cosas ets 10 the Family Argulide, with a Bibliog-
PUN, a. ee i ee ee eee 10 raphy of the Group, and a systematic
thoracicun-ths---e os ceee eee ase 10, 40 Review of all known Species, by
Colonus retarius? 2.2252 csce5. cae e ee ce 218 CharlessBranch Walson: ss) eereeeeeee 635
Colorado, Descriptions of the Larve of Gopris:..22sbeese sev ce eee 49
some Moths from, by Harrison G. Dyar. 369 anagilyptlcar cen eee 24
Golubernsayic: 2s sc sene er eecet emacs 152 Carolina.2 bss: ssa poe e eee 24
ZONAUIS sop see ee eee 153 minutes. ees Ses Ae eee eee 24
Colmbrined hexane eas 22 so see eee arene 810.) Coptocy.cla bicolon22"- sence eee 29
TOREN SIS Moai cnee eee ae 810 Clanvaital= = 2. eee ec sre Bees 29, 52
Columba enea = aches cess sae eee 308 PUurpUTata 5-65-55 seeeaseee 29
DICOLON- Ss Ssacraaue ans ie se eee. 309 Sienifers == see eee ee 2)
INGQUICAE Seas anos EEE Oe 809. (Coptoderaeratals-c- oot ee eee 7,38
TM CODATICH ees eee eee ee S09hi| Coptotomillshe- ese ssee ae se 39
Colydtid 22225525. Se Pe SEES Sa const 16,44 INCELVOPAUUSH, eee eee 9
olan 2 hohe eee Seek eer aioe is 44°) "Copturus) binotatus 525. = seuss ee eee 35, 55
LiNCOlA som. ass Seer ee 16 longulus eos ke neo-con 35, 55
Var nisripennes--a.ccsciac ene 16 MiUinutuUsss.6 35255555 .e ee eee 25,55
Commelyna vineini cay sess —ssse eee a 51 MATUIUS. fo ote core reece eee 35
Compsothlypis pitiayumi ..........--.-.- 143 QUEGRCUS 252 225 Jos asse eee oes 35, 59
pacifica........ 143:\\ \Copunusicolonuse.=-4.q5- eee eee 139
pitiayumi ..... 143 | Coquillett, D. W.,on New Diptera from
Com ptonia ose 35 sees ence ere 858 North:America eae S 2 sae eee 83
asplenifolia 2222222225205 -— $58. |) (Coracias orientalis---2-= 5 -co2 sees see aoe 299
PCondaliatenrea: > sseace erence oa veers 913 puellass: $2525. sS eee ees 289
GONSERTS. cease Taree eee eC ane 326\°|| Cora@eldeetis sco nk ee oe eee 299
GON PTOLAGICG = S555 22 = Ss ee eee ee 432765 |, COTraGlOn: osetia es ae Seni eee eee 529, 539, 563
(COnIMOMUS 455552578 seston Sa eee 46 CHrySOZONUS = = oer ae 539
CONS ETMICUUSss54-6 ese sae aoe 18 desmotes, new species. ..... 539, 540, 563
MOdWeL=: 33.3 Soe ea ee 18)! \Goresonus!: 3-23.58. ae ocean. eae ee eee 725
@WOMOSOMB sso ec Sao os ee ee een cae eee 42 ISVARCUUS tesa eee ; 725
pasailer -.oscies2 SoS ee eee 13] Coniarachne-versicolon ==. ee eens 216
CLASSI ots Se See eee eee 13 | Coriscium albinatella .......--.. Sees 409
RNOMs Woes ows es eens 13h) “Goronellarcentilis-o-ee-eeeenee eee ee 153
OPICUM Sin see icra oa aaa eee 13 Micropholises=s.2 sass eee 153
pPanvyulum' 25. SoS saeeSeoeee 13 SAY1- oho oka eee eee 152
SGLIPUIM eee = seas sant oseeerae 13] *Corphyre-< 222522 t sen ace eee eee eee 54
Conotelus mexicanus ..---.-..-....... Poel onde) COllSTIS e255. as ae nee eeere 32
ODSCUMUSSs S-sec sae uoelacec eres 15, 45 Iabiete) 422 22 ite So eeetomes 32
cae al i tae ti Ml hl al
i iam eat
|
:
INDEX. Oi
Page Page.
OTP My TAI SUDTISS=...- Sere enemcceescece o2 || Crepidodera atriventris --....-<22...<- -<- 29, 52
hermMinaliss ee. ce. aaseeseee sees 23 ELVIN ES eeee ae yt ee eae 29, 52
Corthylus punctatissimus ..........-..--- 36, 57 MUMUPCS eae ez Soe le a eee 29, 52
WONG CAT Apes soecis ciscinsnys ssisoasGesances 46 | Cricotopus varipes, new species.......... 93
Mentigeras- isl. ccccest eens ce ses 1S MerIOCe DN DMUs seceysstaseeceece ceeles. eee 50
ClON GALA secisats oteiea screens 18 APTOSUS Sas ete cceis ees otras oe 25
PEMTU SIM CAE s o=. Aemise aeisrsseeiee 18 Obsoleissateaenes eee eee 25
DUWCSCON Aiea sel eeeases ese USS CROCS ASpaTae ieee one seEe ce. Stole eee 27,51
SORA DH apes ins iciaicice salve ines .< 8, 39 THU pLiShee-- eee eee 28
(TET US oe aecasinios SNe ac Sim seen seniors 53, 55 quadrimaculatus .......- 27
LOTRENCOSUS! ses, elects semis 812 quadruplex |. Cychrusielevatus-seoss os sses seco eee Diow
EGHINUMS oe soe ee eee 17 stenostomus 222ssn5 262 ease eee 5,37
CLOCCUS Hass neces cee iy unicolom sr = 758 se02 32 eee 5,37
REGS se = Seek eee ee 16 VAGUS eee aes > Se A ai 5,37
PUN Picola a oe eee 17 | Cyclarhis ochrocephala .-.../..---.-..---- 140
nodangulus 2. 52--s- eee - 17 WANs rsst Soe caaaseae eee 140
Plectrum. Sate eseececee 16>} Cyclocephalla.s-s-< 005500 ae eee 49
Cryptopleurum americanum.........-.--. 10, 40 AMMaAculata--s-seeeeoe eee 25
UNNTETe seeeee 10, 40 Villosatc 22. soe eee 25
Cryptorhopalum hemorrhoidale.......-- 17545 -WeiGy GlOpsaes soa nc sees nae ee ee ee 644
‘ triste -eSeseeeeeee 1745-1 -Cy.Glorbis) varidissascscssaeceeee see ee eee ee 140
Cryptorhynehus=s:s5-sesse eee eae 56> | CV listix 7: asso ee seeeee = aoe eee eee 45
bisignatusis.csscces teense a) attenuatus. 2 2.<55-22ssseeee ss ceee 17
fallax: S253. CR eee 35 eylindricus)2.)-: 2222s ete eee 17
TELTaAbUSs s2 shee a eee see 35.41 Cyllene pictuss tees eres ee eee 26, 50
fuscatusssJsis-saes-coscee 30 TODINIB a. ose see eee eee 26, 50
MUNUtISSiIMURLese-e ee eee 3p) >|): Oymatod eras ss oo ses2 ete ae ee EE 48
ODtENTUS! = 22. yee ee see 35 DIunneas 3355222 2 s eeseeeee 22
parochus'=2-ceeesteesee le 35 InomMatas 22 Paes 22
tristris®ss-- see eae 30 UNG UW ata: s 22 tae ee 22
Crypturgus'alutaceus®:.-.2-.5-222-2-25-22 36,56 | Cymbiodyta blanchardi....-.-.-.--.-.-.- ° 9,39
Gtenistes oe e te cate ae ee ee 40 fimbriatas23- 2 nese eee ee 9, 39
CONSODTIDUS*S— sss ae eee eee 10) |) Cymindis"am ericana/asss2-" esse eee ee 7,38
PICCUS HH asisa os ash ecole es : 10 elégans 55. cee ee eee 3, 7, 38
ZAM METMANMW 2222 eee eee 10 neplecta a. 22s eee eee 7,38
Ctenod Gays hase ew eee eee eee ee Cee aee 498 DPILOSAE toss sae eee 7,38
MaAaColsatus!. joss Sosa eee ee 498 | Cynoglossus diplasios, new species....... 316,367
Gtenogoprus pi urisvsss---s2 s2eee es seeee ee 362) Cyparium 2222 soiae f Sst es ae ee eee 43
platycephalus=-s.-4--- eee - 362 flavipes iss assess eee 14
Similis' oF occee eee toe Sees VO” Cyphonsss. codecs coos teaens sete se 46
Ctenolabrus aurigarnacces esses secs ee. 354 collaris {33.25 ee eee 20
Tubelligws se eae eee: 354 ODSCUTUS Se «2-8 sos aes eee sees 20
Ctenopharyngodon idellus .............-- 322 TODUStUS 5 5=s5 26555 See 19
Cuba, A new terrestrial Isopod of the TUNCOLISS Vas. tase eee 20
Genus Pseudarmadillo from, by Harriet Varisibilisi: pas. ss ceee weer ce 20
Richardson ss .Jo52.cscseost sec saneeeeeee 609. (Cy prinellacs22..2on sac cc scone seat Cee eee 323
Caeujidserss esac eee one sae eee nee eee 16;.44:5) Cyprinids 220 2oe2.c- jonssteceneee cee eose 321
Cucujusiclayipes’s2-sassccsser rote < scene 165,44: || Cyprinus! carpioms.s--o-1222soeeeeee ee eee 321, 723
@uenlidesn. sos 5 eee ee ee 3025) Cypsrelurus:sss.c< oss cine cs eee ees Pe €21
Cueullianletificae ssscss cee eae 370, 381 BL00 so. ieese oe eee 621
Cuculusthonoratisice- eer eee eee 202 caliiomicus=s4-ce eee ee 621
US UDTISe oe ee eas eee 302 | Cypsilurus spilonotopterus.........-.---- 330
Culex bimaculatus, new species .......-.- S45) Cyrtinls py LMEeeussas- ace oeee ee eee eee 26,50
fletcheri, new species.............- 84° | ‘Cyrtophorus vVerrucosus:s 25-25-22 +2 se<-ee 26, 50
squamiger, new species. ........-.- 85:)|) Cyrtsas 23: jesse ase see wisi eee emcees te 40
@ulicidee = 3252 3 ee ee 84 plan @issimans.sseos- eee 5h ee 10
Culter brevicauda=J.222se- cee eecee ee 322 CFCNR 2.252 e'sas dk eee ae eee eee 10
Cupes:concolorsac 42-2 e eect eee eee 23, 48 picipennis 255 72 acse eee eee 10
Gupesidies. oi 232.2 cetera eee eee 23, 480) CYtODSIS ass cee tee sca eee 514, 519, 562
Curculionids. oo eee eee eee eee 38;0D | itea, new species..........- 519, 520, 562
GUTS e-em 50 TOSEUIS, 2/05) Sakae Sea ee ee 519
Gentatus’s 245 2S See ee eee 26 | Cy ttus corso Niesae son cao ce nae eee 519
CusSC Uta Kraehe < oayes Sat oe oo see bb | Daene sce eS oeoe owe sa eee een eee 44
@usk-eCels joi sa 252 0.40 See See ote ee ee 751 4—ma culate eso 252 eee 16, 44
Citerebraiamericana 2.25). 2) ee nee 104, |, Dacnis.cayana: 52222200 bss ee eee 140, 141
histrio, new species..........-- 103 SpeClosa or S25 ss SS eee ee 141
NEDIV OTH = eii-is'<'2 Pee ee eee 1042|Dactyleptuss soe so soos sss as eee eee 470
Cyanocompsa cyanea. iih2 22st sec. oes 146,147 | Dactylopterus volitans..................- 727
glancocerulea .........-.2- 1475 Dactylotac 22-2 cce eee eee 835
BUClOD osc oso ealset coer oeece 146 | snellenella....3--2 Se eee 835, 836
Cyanocorsssheekelitjers. oreo see eeeee 127,140) Dainanginpo so225-52 seaces aces ee eee eee 482
Cyanoloxia glaucocerulea ............... 146 5147)) Daphnia s.cs. 2s -nssascase eer eee aeee 651
Cybalomisesscantasmcces cmase ons oe eee 397 | Dascyllide ....- eo Seach thee eee oe 19, 46
Cybister fimbriolatus................ 9,39 «| Dasyatidses2202..- echo eac oe eens eee 318, 319
aoc cL tial nl ama ciate tN DEN aie $1 SS
wea viinitie = telOOi ae
INDEX. 309
Page. Page.
WASV ALIS Mkay Cleese =s-latss == e eee 5 Sl spieDesmogrlyptus crenatuse.. 62> sae sec ce 35, 56
Dasycera nonstrigella.---:..---.------.=- een 1 OM Des OpAChTideecscs. haseeae ce se eo ee 39
Dasythamnus mentalis.............------ 128 CONVeXKas os sees 9
Matames Sublereusas- <.-------c---=- <2 ee Be ee 939, 958
DISCOPOMBieess pace ces Ae ae Sea eS 221.) Dray onets tere aenceces soe eee oe ee 941
CINCMlans a2 eee ee 221 (Callionymidz) and related
hirsuta, new species.....-.--- 221 | Fishes of the Waters of Japan,
DISOMY GHA ess = sees ko ae tes ta eae O27 | A Review of the, by David
ADDIE VIGta” Jac cee see See 29 Starr Jordan and Henry W.
carolinianacsace 40 eee tee 29 Howler 23 = 3. see eee 939
eollataccase8-3 sheds eee 29 | Drapetes geminatus ...................... 21,47
cerenicollis=_.4.2-2 eee oe 29") rassid 5 5 Sos ee ee 212
glabrata. £409.52 sseeeee eee 20) Drassod es! 23 pcs cir ce ee eee ae eee 212
penusylvanics:.s2-c ee seas oe 29") Drassuscoloradensis#2 2 ee- teense ee 212, 221
H=Vittatar wicossact lowe ee ee 29-52) | Drasterius ama pilis 7. 92.2 eee ee 20, 47
xanthomelena............... z 29 elevans:< 0st ee eon ees 20, 47
Dissemuroides andamanensis ....--.----- 290 “Dromadidse*is2 5. as doe esa eee 312
Dissemurus malabaricus ........--.--.--- 290\:| Drom seOlus as se ~ sseseeee eee ee sae een os 25, 49
lacordaireis 22-2... sscscscseeee 688 | Dyschirius globulosus .........------.---- 6,37
lon PICHIA ya He = 62s sec. se eee 704, HeMOMmhOGalises see eee eee 6, 37
730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 740, 742 pilosus=,S-0e24 i sescasteae se oee 6,37
TAN ANTM ee meee eae 704, 731, 737, 740, 742 PUMMUUS ee ese ceeeee 6, 37
SS ll Fc i a TG al tT
INDEX. 981
Page. Page.
» Dyschirius sphericollis. ....-...-..-.-.--- Geo i (DUCTS 1 ito = | cess loe eh ee tines 20, 46
= Dysithamnus mentalis .-..-.....-..-..--- U2Se29 es IMBLEOUMS SUSCAoe oe a. ajo oo cSees oie tee as 361
OlIVACEUS Se. se ras Re oe eee 1205) PRleusissmicnrehlae 2s. 922s. sk eee Sete ole 14
OMNIS Seen eee 129 eu Raha pe maja men wiere te ote stosteeee oe 14
Olivaceus 2222555 129 PONS: Sepnciree weiss cs see tenee ee 42
semicinereus ....- 129 | Hlleschus'ephippiatus:.......5...........- 34, 55
Semicinereus 22<--—s2eae=ae5 128 | Ellipsocephalus (Liostracus) muticus .... 612
BeRySmMerus/basalis:....--2 =... is2 5.4 asa0=- TG S44s | Polly Chinkaeewemne rea rt-k eae Secs c 47
MSD har alee vas) oo acca. wo. esis ecw ens 27,51 CONDUSCHieae: cess e eae eet ote eens 22,47
PEUUUN eS eens raae gta OTA ler [ae ITS eee eye See ee ee ce 46
WMS ClO y ee Sa ee Soo hein oes 8,39 FASTONUUIS Sse eee Eee 19
Dytiscus hy bridus..- 24-2 .s5s.2s8.555-022 9,39 aU SCulUSenccshe-eae sess =aecee ae = 19
Eburia quadrigeminata .......-....--.--- 25, 50 MibiGwlusssa-ee sae ee eee eee 19
pia a Ste tee seme tacne ate olaies anit 42 4NOtatUss= = eo ese eee at ee 19
; bre vic OnnsHs: ase sees ec oe 13 Ovals soe aee te ceses see ee ecseeee 19
mebichinodes setiger ...<.....2s..s.uedsasee: 17,45 PUSULUS ee ser eee ee ee see eens 19
Sebehinomyia palpalis ......-...2-2-:2:--2: ZOE BIO pic ea eee ie eae ee ere nee ea 327
BIO GE perce os ss areas ee ws 7507 @ELopsimachnatar sss. ossee sheen ae 327
GintEMmMOon dis-ease s ee eer ee 750)-| ‘Bmiberiza platensis=. = -2ss20522-422-=--=.- 145
michocerus dentiger-..----.-...=22..-2-.-- 30,53 | Emberizoides:herbicola ...---. 2........; : 145
MADR OSUS aca oe ene eee 30, 53 macrourus herbicola ...--. 145
BC LOpria MerVOsar22 55>. .!s- setae eet 19,46 | Embernagra platensis...................- 145
aU UNOTACI CAs ster wate ok cae LOM Bim pid seers cts see ee Ba ae 102
CUA OMOCE Obie A een cine eee ae Seca D463 | EM piGa erase eels OLAS Delete RCE De eos 136
BGMEUSGASVCELNSso— 2.6 2c: ose atieew eens ae O75 le PENCE ODUS Sa sae eee ys eee 746
IE Map NUS Ut OU Se ease ee Homi a 13, 42 VA VIPATUS ase ces eee ee 746
BGOlMS AtiMises asso 32a ESSERE es 9290p MEMChOdes|sericeds..0-—ceneeeees crate ae 3, 4,31, 53
ENO UISe er Pere ee ce: Sgn scen mee oeeseee A Sa INCI ESH atmo ros ese ae ak SN ea es NO ye 773, 919
PLUM OMA aes eos Co eee 805, 807, 808 adissectella sah See sre ae oe 919
yagatioella Spe, Ped Seay at ce mat 8087813) |\whncy.clopsicoeruleus 2.222522 28ns leone 26,50
Plercin Stl eae 1s teh Ronee =o incense oe Sais es Cals Se, ok eon oe aoe ee cee eree 55
Pilsen eA Al ARs tenis ae tel taioe Sac wa agate isis 137 CHIDLICOllis@aeecece ee serene rere ee 34
PN Ee TN Apa ao See ian ape Pee tees. Sus at 137 Matus ae eee eee 34
PApAnsspag anne. css eee 137 OVvallis:s. ests SRS es 34
Blaphidion cinerascems ........-..:..--.- 26,50 | Endecatomus rugosus ..........---------- 23,48
incerhwmpe eee oso see ae Se Xie) | LONG Coy eoni(s) ous be ea es Seer aidonccaaene 15, 43
MUCTONAtUIM eos ss eee Jae 26,50 | Endomychus biguttatus.................. 15, 44
pumilum eset" ees ee eee PGalleMNCATIAS sso 2 ae eeec ee eens ae cheers 442, 468, 503
subpubescens <22asee-~.c--s 26,50 ME DULOSUS Sessa ae ee eee 468, 469, 503
TMI COlOTI 2 eee el ee 26,50 | Enemera juturnaria............. sakes eee 370, 392
walker bors see see ee 262500 | sb ner auld sess a2 ioe. saceeee ccs sete eee 328
Hla pheUs Tiparlus:....=..2-~--5--=< eases Ges een raniliserusse lites = se. a eee See o 328
MUSCATIUS Sans e as ee eee ee Ov Sie PIM CMMSSs- scene eee cee eee eee 46
PASMNiCUnY-XANUMUS 2c. s- 554 sees aoe 157 SLErrimuUs! «es. 2-nce==seseee eae 18
Hlasmocerus terminatus.......2.2.-22.2-- 22, 48 minutus ..... HiT Seseeeeeteeeee 18
BR RLCT mete eccien sna soc sceeansse ese ee 477 || SR OMCANCCLESbeee cee asce eon ees ee oaee 444
CONSMS ee << esac cine See oe 20 GanMINAlIS \zeeces ne eee esse 444
ISCOIGGUS a= ccee tae ee es ae 20 | Enneapterygius ...... Senet eee eee ee 444
eG Pett GUS ben rere eee eeheee eu? 20 pusilluss2-2e-.aseeeeseeee 44p
DUMP OUUGM Se toe te care eee cies 20s SHrnncarthronsess s- ee ones testes ee eee eee 49
HICSS esac io aeme eke eee eke eae 20 THOTACICOINC= pases ese eee 24, 49
IMAM Wl AMIS sera ecacs occ eee 20%) DEP AUD UI Ge st n= erst ere eee alee einem eee 120
THK GUS == se Ea eeeie Rake Se Dt 20 Migripilosaless.<+ \spses tees eee ee 120
TMP TICANS eweseloviees ceeto nee ae sete 20))|@Epeira, conchiles==.c-5-e-seeeeoeeeeeen ees 215
PUP TLGO US se eee se sect ee 20 Gisplicatacees cane cece ees 215
OU IMGMUS See seas - ees cece -e eee 20 GCM ee PSs ee Sacks sees os fe ore 215
DedalisPeess wasi asa Geeei ssl acas 20 ele Bpeiridee=:- eee: tes coe ees cee cmseeee ee 215
DUSIOMeeeer eae: ee acek ee ose ee ZO; iebphelisiputtathets---ascceer eo ossce eee 14, 42
MUDLICOMISH ese asec ecke wee ares 20 notatasses: 22S oes ek oes week as sac 14, 42
GME GUS eesisianteo ce See eee eee 20) | bp ppl sere esse seek sce = seek aaeee = 75, 356, 521
SANE UG PENDIS] sees ceases ee ae 20) ME PHIP US sss eee esas soem eee see 356
BVM Feet ees we spe) aw ele ola,clatcla soe arate 20 UIPUS moseccs case sess ss so =rale 356
SCWU GUN CUIS tae sae ers = eee peas 20) ||\MEPHISbEMUS| APICAL css. - sos aces eels 17, 44
SQCEDR eae ene eae eee Soe Sie 20) Seipicserusimbricatus:s ss... 225.5. ce <2 33, D4
Maite: Pal ANS eaten 0 see one aa erotics 20 7|(HE plcauta Gin ereaiescsnas-oc0- 2s -- ccs sso 32, 54
MAU EAOMMUS: ce cctes cas ecee eens we 20 lemmiscataeceecs ss oetel sen ecee 32,54
982 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Epicauta pennsylvanica.........--------- 32,54 | Ernogrammus hexagrammus..... 489, 490,491, 504
Strigosaiseecimc.casecs cee 2). DAM IETOS: boxes evan cs ccishsecc So cee meee ane aemieee 47
CriGhTUisescss- ete hee eee 82, 54 | RITOTa S22 See eee eee eee 22
Wikbbeutelereece as pees eee NOEL 32, 54 | MUMS Ss parecer eee eee 22
Mpicorthylisso.5 26222326 sos 2s ate eee 906 | Sculptilis! 325 See eee 22
INVersell an. ssc eeet 912 | thors cicuswste sas ase eee 22
IE PlCLUSS | Sb Galian. Seo as oo oe See ee 619, 620
TAULVIN aio eee eee 341 Bucatoptus)c 2. 24.1. 2. 5 ee ae 771, 794, 822
Epiplatymetra coloradaria ...........---- 370, 393 TUbid elilay..0t<- ae eae 798
I pitheGtis;seoat ee 772, 774, 795, 816, 818, 819, 880 | striatella {--- 22 SSeS eee 795, 822
attributella ....-... 795,816; 8172894929: | Mucinevus 22 cas oe cee cohen mee ee 46
bicostomaculella.........-. 799, 817, 877 MOTIONS. pacateen 1 Cee 19
gallegenitellas< 22-24 = 817, 819, 934 punctulatussscss-asuees eee 19
saundersellac =. .--.-8=s ee aes 817,819 | SULiPOsUss 2. iso Loe Ss eee 19
subsimella: ss. <2 e925: S17, S19 8445934. | Second yl bar =o. sapes sone tee aenee ae 772, 807
sylvicolella, new species ...... 817,818 atrupictellacis<{o-fs2s—-- ee 807, 929
EpULrAcuslarunGinis: j22= 2s. sete Sasa 30}52 >| SHucrads | humeralisss5t sere eee 23,48
HMPIUUUR sae cee tea cen ee senate 52) > BId erces"pIGIPes:--eteeas-e ese eee 26, 50
CUCUMETISS ie sacs eee eee 29 Pil 222 5.:..Ssssk ate ee eee 26, 50
hISCW ees ee eee 29 | Eudocimus mannerheimii ............... 33,90
PONV reir te een eee 293525) SRudule-uni colon ss. 2 4s-cre eos eee 370, 388
Mpureea. COricinsie 2-2-5 ce eeee eee sees 18.) {bud ynamis) honorateac. 22 seen eee 302
ENICHSONI Sas es eee 18 malayana.......... 302
PUIVESCENS 2255. cuss ee see 18 malayanac SSeS Seer 302
MOLY OLB ere soles ae we eee Ee 18 | Eugnamptus angustatus -.......--...---- 33, 54
Ma bilig@. 2s-'2 iors 5 ee nee 18 collaris; S055. eee ie 33, 54
optusicollis, so ae eee 18, \ | sBUlabeS) 2.ssss-505 seb oa -ne 2 eee se 302
DeltOld es! 2 Fela oe Oca ee eee 18, 45 andamanensise- a. nassosse: eee 292
planulata—=---- eco eeeee eens 10, 40
ITE ates: SPLCOlALUS ec stance cess ener 220 | MOtSGhUISkil = .ces se ee ee 10, 40
Breatis molestella, 22 s2cesscasceen to eee 797 | Eumycterias rivulatus 2. :.- =. ----25--= Se 74.
palliderosacellavs a ecee ee 786...) -HUpaetus: si. <5 ls 2p esas ee ee 48
PUG bUNGellaR see eee 796 MItiAUS: .- onsen soe eee ee eee 23
TOSEOSUATISE!1 8 So se eee eee 796 | Euparyphus amplus, new species -----.-- 100
TUDICCM 8 . ats eee 413 TANALUMY 220 5. Fans eee ee 641, 737
Gobi ete ee a hea oe ne ee os ee 361, 574 repertas.2. 2 aane- so aeee eee 734
Gobioclimus -=-5----> <> Geneon eee 448 Sinidtas sis... soe Pe eee 739
Gobiusiplatycephailuss--—-- reece eee 3613362)4| sGylopheenales-pse shee oes Sa 41
(GOERIOEDIIS ss see ene een meee 26, 50 COTTUSCUA aa: ee ee eee 12
OCU alate. oes ae eerie oes 26,50 fev COMMIS] a oe eee 11
pUlCh Tass: 22 $2555 Beene 26, 50 Van US) ee Se ee 11
PULVETUIENte S535 ee ee 26,50 | Hadencecus subterraneus .........--..--- 420
tessellatassssso22<. Sse eee ee 26°50) 4) adrobrep mists -senee 2 eee ee 48
ISTE 8 eat es eee ee 26,50 carinaius)-.. oie eee 23
Gong ning ers 6 fea eee ene 517 OVTAS 3.25 Se eeeserree 23
Gonochzetodg@n ...--.-..--.- meee eee 530) |) Hiemonia Digricornis: 2252-022. eeeee 27, 51
AM SUN ae eee 680. | Eloeemulideey: > 2222 Se eee 7d, 348
GONOPEEMUS: seees aceon leases eee eee 549) Hania $20 se eee eee eee 214
TMCOLEDS 5 Sone oe ee eee §49\(|| Hakko fugilcs-20 2 ee eee 280
Gracilaniay-r semans asses lee face Aone 409))| Haleyon) dayvisonite oe -se-ses2 5 pee ee 301
phosmodiella, new species. 371, 408, 409 OCCIPEIS. 25 see eee 301
LHermoOpsella cc .s=2550-eR eters 371, 409 pileditus:, Ses 2... eee 300
Graclinnmimitanss ces. 56. ses tae eee 25, 50. saturations 28 e.or oer e eee 300
Graphoderesiiberusess---. 22-220 eee eles 9,39 | Halizetus leucogaster_.---_.2----.2-222- 306
Grapnopssecsess sa ose se cba see ee LY] Haliehteres.: 225.4. sere et ae eee 355
CURLIpeMMiIs! ss. 53.2 nee ese 28.5) Maliplidsecccsseescsesce ste eee 8,39
IMBTCASSIUA) <2 ss. o- seca cso sees 28>) Haliplus fasciatus css... eseeee eee ee eee 8
pubescens estes. 5423 sees eae 28 punctatuss 3224 ee eee 8,39
GraphosaiCOnspersa secs. -4245-s6n-cemeeee 213 RUCOMIS <2 fesse ee ee eee eee 8,39
Graucaluifdobsonivetessasceee. senso ee 292 LLIOPSIS ee A eee 8,39
ob ntl ABS tn bow cc a a
INDEX. 989
rage. Page.
‘Halisidota maculata .....-.-- wccececeee+- 370,374 | Heliophila rimosa.......-.--------------- 190
Wer. SMe ejereta aie == - 370, 374 subpunctata......--22.---=-=-= 180
PILOMENUS S-cee es ceie oe =e ai 53 | Heliothis phlogophagus...-..------------ 370, 374
Gebllisiases ees eee erence 31 | Helluomorpha bicolor.....--------------- 7,38
scapularis. .....-------------- bl MISTIPCNMIS|-.- = ate eeia- "= 7,38
Mialtica amoena-..-------------------+---- 99,52 | Helmitherus vermivorus .....-.------+--- 141
Ghalybeai. ..=------------=-2=----- 29,52 | Helochares maculicollis.....-.----------- 9,39
RISC Ose le Hee nese coterie t= 29,52 | Helocombus bifidus -...-.---------------- 9,39
I Ae een eis eee =n iel oe 99.52 | Helodes ...--..--------+---++--29++---°°2° 46
MALE VACANS]= sas - --ce-ee se =~ == 29, 52 fUSCIPEMMISs.42.-j1si1- 26-2 -= === 19
BULL oe eee ase eel 316
Kentuckeyjeuee =< - 993 | Hemitaurichthys........-..-------------- 541
relianthemum'. <2... .2..---<.<-25-22-2--- 884 polylepis ...---=..=----- dA
Genie eee as een 908 StLiPaAtlSa-neee seaee= Sac DA
UNMIS Se see nis 398,399 | Hemitautoga .....-.----------------+----- 355
UBC er seme seta. see ouat-wesiee fe 772, 789,804 | Hemitriccus .....-.-----------------+++--- 64
gleditschiella ......-.------------- 805 GlODS ence cise sneer 64
palidochrella .....----------------- 805 pammictus, new species....- 64
pallidochrella ...---------- 789, 804, 805,929 | Henioche...-..--..--------------------- she 542
Heliophila adjuta ...-.-.--------------+--- 195 inie ELCMIOCHUS. as cece esis c ieee al 529, 542, 563
AG ONCA Ses ee nape aee ee eee = 193 ACWMINAUS) ona se se ee 543
amygdalina.....-..----------- 194 macrolepidotus .....------ 542, 544, 563
bicolorata 206 | Henoticus serratus -......-.-------------- 16, 44
GSH eee es wats = setetaale OMe | MLE PAtUS ies cot one ole elec iain -imer nimi 551
FA Cheese oes ee arse eerie eee 203 WO PALUS ee Neiseeeleistom l= a= == 551
SEA eM ETNA Spee eee ie ais ete eee oa ayat a= 189 | Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus ...---.---- 128
Ta LG AL aie seater ate Sa 196 rufomarginatus ...------- 128
listers oan ene a aloe 189 VENICCAbSic a. ccene === 128
OVA) Csen= os -eiels eisai 182 | Herpyllus ecclesiasticus -..-.-------------- 212
pallidas cas. 2-s-=-------=---=- 185 | Herspurus monoceros ...----------------- 59
PMbICIAe 2 seal 207 | Hesperobeenus....-.....------------------ 46
pertracta ..-.--..------------- 183 TUMPCS sss -1.= == === 19
phragmatidicola var. texana - 197,199 | Hetzerius brunnipennis....-....---------- 17, 45
Dilipal pis ae =e 179 | Heterachthes ebenus.....---------------- 26, 56
i‘ preegracilis .......------------ 207 quadrimaculatus. --.------- 26,50
990 INDEX.
Page. | Page.
Heterocenid as ee cee. eee aoe ae 19,46 | Homalium hamatum..................... 14, 42
RCCELOCETUS {2 C5 Ea ee eee 46 bUUIMeTOSUIM Ene eee aes eee 14, 42
PTULINCUS tas ase ee eee ncaa er 19 TePAN GUMS eee eee eee e 14, 42
COllaniSw mass. 49a Mii cane 19 | TULPCS eA Oe a ee 14
DUST Eee eee ee eons 19 | Homalocranion boucourti..............-. 157
VEINS Fosases 2 ct Sea eee 1g) |) coronatom: S227s2 see eee 157
Heteromyia prattii, new species.......... 805 SELOM ALO tap lame seas ee 11
Heteropelmayumicoloreces-s4 ees ee eee 135° | Hoplandria lateralis) 2.2 222-2s-ss-see8- 11,41
VAMOS GILG nes ect a eee es 135%) Hoplesne thus se coe eee 76
EIEICrOsHODSIPUSIOs su aso ee nee eee 12,41 | fasciatus: -242cs >a aseaeseeee 76
HMetoomisicinerea sas. see ose as aos ee 26, 50 MaCULOSUSHeS-~ ees ee eee 77
exsum thm uirilkelas 9) sa) sae = aes 36, 56 punctatus. ss eee 77
HibIscussmoscheutos:. ss-ees ese. oe eee 525870" |: @HODNa <2 = orice ae Se ee ee ee 49
TULERIChithivs, Mews SeNUss- eee eee see 744, 765 MOG ESta ss is oe hee ee 24
encryptes, new species. ...-- 744, 765 MUGCORER Ss <. Sac Sa jake ee ee 24
EM SLUM CGMEG Ws +s ee See eee 36, 56 trivigliss; =. eee ee 24
CLLANS S ccsee cee ana a eee eee SO,00 gt PELO LOLOL das tee sa ene a 754, 760, 766
Hippodamia convergens ...............-- 15 F STM Ata sheen see eee 760, 766
Slacinliss. 35 os Lee are 15 | Hoplognathus fasciatus ....-.2.52222..-2- 76
PALeMthEsistconsee eee neeees 15 RTUSEN Stennis. 2s se eee 76
iS-punctatal.- see eee ee LOAD PUNCtabUssssss5) ee 77
Hippoglossoides platessoides ............- 707 | +Horistonotus| curiatus. 425-2555 eeeen eee 20, 47
Hippopsislemmiscaita, 22252..--4-225 se. 27x51 MEOrmiscus: see 2 oes oe o7
Miu C OvesGuilentieias == ss seta eee 301 saltatorcsissu- 6. see eeeeee 37
UIST Bie See setae Cera ak Se ee er 522) ||, Hormorussundulatust.s.c----o-se see ee 33, 54
SUCH, ea Sachse Ge = ayo eee 457) LOTMA MIN Utipennis 2. ees. ae eee 82, 54
abbreviatusy= 7-3-6 eae eee i” |, Horse=tace;serapers os. oo eee enone 266
AMeTICANUS 3. scene eee eee 17 | Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, The Rep-
bimacuiatus a: ses eee 17 tiles of the, by Leonhard Stejneger .... 149
biplaeiatusiess- 9 soccer aoe meee Ad:*\| devel yc: Ses a Risser See 5 ea eee are ee 902, 903
CIVALIS a: eaters cee Oe een 17 cory liella sas5,.. Sean oe 903
CORD AGUS TEN e ase cucmeis ence eae 17 | Hyalomyodes dorsalis, new species .....- 108
CUREAUS 20. ~aacca sh ese eee 17 CaN SuLitera eee ese eee 109
Ge PUEAtOT}s cr. Nace eRe ee 17 | Hydaticus bimarginatus ..........2..-..- 9, 39
FOCC EUS. 22 stag Soe es eee 17, (|; Eby dnoceraicns ss. seese er eeree eee 48
GTISH So ys ear ase ton ee esse 17 humeralis sees eee 23
ATTN Sasori oe eee 17 longicollisisier s--5- eee 23
TNC S HWE GUIS eyarerste eae seer oe eae 17 pallipennis 235 eee ese 23
ULELEU DEUS =... sees Ae eee 17 tabida@) 2. 5s. ies ace eee 23
IEVIPES Hosen etetios te eee eee 17 Unifascigtan cese.s see eee 23
IMATE NA COIs a=— = eee ee ee ee 17 | Vertiealiss<: S525 eee 23
TVET SS eee ory oe ee eee 17 | HMydrena pennsylvanies .........22.....2 9,39
IG=SEREbUS Pease cee eee ne eee L/7s | sy driomene tritascintas-.seoe = eee 370, 389
UUSUGRI 83 fer ease are aeite oe eee ee i740) Biydrobius fuscipes=-ass.sc2- peeeee eee 9
Holacanthus 2. 4-.----2-+--ese-. 0295544647563 PlODOSUS) 4S sas eee 9
leucopleunsiessseeeees ee 547 | fesselaius=sees-2 cece ee ene 9,40
ronin, new species ..... 545,546,563 | Hydrocanthus iricolor ............-....-- 8
septentrionalis ......... 0450475563") “bby drocathuse=--. 1. eee eee 39
tDICeN. sc... a oe one 545, 547, 563 Hydro charis S922" 2 eee eee 39
tricolone gece ee eee 544 ODiIShtUS;2=3 55.2 ese 9
Holbrookia maculata approximans ...... 150) | soy drochusimeequellis) 2c. 7-4 eee eee 9,39
HIOLGO CET aE eee see oe ie ae pee eee 920 | SCabratuss 22 arsenal eee 9,39
IHOlOCATIthIS es soceee at. ae ee eee 565 | subCUpreus=. Sa aseee see 9,39
Helocentni dies. ee ace ae see ee ee 394,367.) HESyGnOCyOM a eaneacten ase eee ee 732
HologentiTust.2322 25. ee ee 566 brevidenssa 2c sae eee 732
LOLOL ep ta) esate See tce ee oe ee ee 45", | ELyGro philiid ae". a 22 ctu eer Soe eS 9
POSSULAMIS tte eons er eS LS Eby dro phils 0 vebud asec eee ere 9, 39
TGR aes Sees 2 ee ee 17 ELS SUL AS ee ee 9,39
Holoparamecustkunzei...2-2.s.5-52-- 55-2 1.8546: |; EbyOnOpONUS) =) 2-20 co -ece eee a cee ee eee 39
FTOLOStTODIMS Se ae 2a e ce eee ae 53 QMeETICANNS sya eee eee eee a
ULASCLALIS See a eae 31 CON CINMIUS ee ae eee eee 9
EU@O UNUM sae Se Be eee ee 750 CONSIMMNS 2 aes eee ee ee 9
VOI Unae hivg Resse eee isc Soc ye oa te 304 INORNALUS 2. ee oe See 3)
HolotrochusWsevicauds 2.--2s.e.- seen 14, 42 mellitus:..3 2.225 ee 9
Homaliumyoribrlimy 29-24 =.--) bee 14 modests'ss 3225 5--oeeee 9
GUUS se coe ee 14, 42 NMigers2: 25%. vr ee 9
PUUGUUIM ae eee eee 14, 42 oblitus: -..2-7. eee eae 9,39
INDEX.
Page.
Hydroporus proximus.......--.---------- Onl elchthyorhamphososs-ss-- <= =e = ees =
pulehenr ose -s--e- cme eens 9 PaAppel-fshs-ss2-asaes=-
RELICCUS Bere bert see eee ere ORL CIUS Se eeeeiseee oie i ee Oe ma saraater=
striatopunctatus......-....-- 9 SIMMS Hs eee aa sete Cee ete iste eles
TUTTLE) yb US sera et= cet elas Onielicterideeemeser seara= saeco ciscesie cases
SVALLO STL S eee east ee eee rare 9) *eterusipyrrhopterus!2) 922-2 -.22))-06 en '=
EG GMNOVAbUSisec ace ese = == =< es i= 39 argoptilus, new sub-
pUStUlatUSeepe esse cso se 9 SPCClCSS ec ee cise ae-
FFAS eee eee ee seni = a inreinre wie = ile 56 compsus, new sub-
COV.EEDO SUS serene oe tea aiari> 36 SPECIOS! Seees c= -'
BOLGUMMIS aa ee eae aietete eo nia-i= = 36 pyrrhopterus-....-..-
LETS eee ee cea aeine Soulwidiostethusee {empress eee sera as
Hylesinus aculeatus..........--.--------- 36, 56 Gubulatus eee ascse se eeneee a=
TUSCIALISERCR Sao cape aeeee ae S655Gn LC Ota ee secsoe : Sater cetera osama cesar
OPACUIUIS ese see eenes se ee = S6256— |millcka kumlye oil ee Seer ee hy. Sat aces nies Sere
SETCG JO EUS eer a te ae emia sears ol Sbrilielarches\orbisiers se ceeeeeere. oe essere
FRU GS ee eee ep ote ele ean tinea Soa Narchid pesesce seen a eee cea oe cece
Evlotrupes DajWUStio- 22-2. ni soe sae oem lush aelOngalitutes cect aan =. cinelee aie m telat
li pTNGTISHEIas sae Meee es nice OF 50m ly bills big wthullusess 2s) 4-2s2 cee ee
Eiylursops pilex s= 228 22s cae meen en 36,56 | Indiana, A new fresh-water Isopod of the
IM ENONUS=— == <= << --- = <2 22 === === 53 Genus Maneasellus from, by Harriet
COMMMMIS#eeee ee ee eee ee 30 Richardsones s22stn sense e cee ee eee see
TIP Ie Meer aera ea eae SO MiMOweclusa pase sacs es ssa oe eee neces
QDSCURMS Hoesen eee ae 30. | Imsectumiaquatium 222.2322 se ~~ 3 eee
ULOSUSGeeeee see nes sean emia 20 Lolemicobarlensisis- 5:0 see ass sce ene
rufipes en ee Soe ee SOE) Mphideasesecs sees saree aan tS minicine ne
HEL rO as SLID Shee ere eee ares tala miefereinclatars 93/7. |, Ipimorpha)pleonectusans 5. - ++ =e ===
Subsenelllama.e. sassc-- cei = vate Sie mes S erate a ctesteer se ails eevee re miclaiete oles atare me
EMP CLASPS neces tees a ares eines eta 43 (e{oy CUOLDKS ANOS) are aoe asciaeac Ione Ssecec
igemIMatajr noes aet Nessie 15 ODtUSUS tees seer sae ms able tee ne race Sei ats
hiIM Dro lata esses one tees 15 Quadriciniba tsi. --e se sccm stems eases
NO WASIIGEO sees ae erertine 15 San SuiImolemius ss eee snc se =i-cie maa
PEALEMS Spee ses ee sera ile srs HTS In| (UCT cay DULC MI eect Sets Seam totem eta aelate ma
DLODa ees ace eeee ol eee waste 15a akschaliatcostatavea-seease<2s-e .<. 13, 42
terminatum .. 13
ViGTUELAL CH see 2 atom ai parecer 3
Mathrodectestmactanss 2 hese sano n ae 214
Abhropusvernallisiy jo. = =o ass: sass 16, 44
Tsay gets ae serge acprete te crsaste ea eal coe ere e 361
Hatluiarsentabus4ssos os seees ease = 361
JAPOMMUCUSstens see reeee see ee cae 361
SUTEMSIS= Reis ee ee eee teen ete 361
Laverna fuscocristatella ..............-.- 794
GG Dia see cece ere ere oe ce ae Sota eee 38
Q*HAOMMMalI Sse essere eset ae 7,38
eM AUS es Sere eee ema ne oe fey ae 7
SUOTIVeMUtriS ss eee se eee see oe ee 7
bivittata a
MepiGtineee asco sense eet ee 7
PUS Gao mrerya ce Sry ee ein ote ae 1,7,38
STAN CIS ps eee on aes ose eee se 7
Lob ula tows eens cesar eee 7
Manni OllIs ey = essa =reesse eae 7,38
OUN AltA Jos sae neato Sees secs en se 7
PEC 2- Seas eter ceeneeesee 7
Pleurities cs = ka. sade ee 7,38
pulchella: 2s Sssiw ce ao se eeiseeen ee ib
pumila 7
scapularis. 7
tricolor ... a
Weis MOPS ba eee Sais aes od cee wee See 7
VALLGIpPCuMIS yeas eee ee a 7
VATIGIS! Samoans = ceees Sas Soe nee ese 7
Weir yas aerate cic Spe eee eee ee aay ore 70
bermudensisieease se a seen eee 750
MELON ath se see eee eee eee nate 338
Leiognathus edentulum................-- 338
Splen@enstecess- 22 sesace ne 338
MEM sy DLN MACOS asec eee a eet ee a 27,51
SaliM CA tease sete ae soe ee se 27
6-punctata ....-. 27, 51
SRyieeeeee ase 275,51:
trilineata .-.. 51
var. ephippiata oa
ISCO PAX GUSSmISeUS ieee wees sess eacee aes 240
994 INDEX.
Page. Page.
leopardus pictustass--eoca eee ee eee 240°) Leptura subhiamata=asce 5-55. o= eee 26, 50
Hhepadogaster-..2-2-.c.so-c-acseeeeceest es 414 VaPAaNS) «S352 se eet soe ee eee 26, 50
MU MIMMS eee Le ene 414 Vilttatas.: Soka cae eae ee eee 26,50
TOSITMGUS ao ewes ee Soe ee ee 414th Le ptorees soc. c oes kee eet te eee eee 51
Lepadorasterin ses ceeence eeeee reine 413 Tacebtus: sacs sscoe eee eee 27
Lepiavchsetodon seers eeee ee eee ener 5380 QUeErGUS-3525.- secre eee oe 27
unimaculatus -......... 530 Sipnaltus'-4-a.-20 eee ee eee 27
Lepidopterous Family Noctuide of boreal SYMMEtricuse sae eee ee 27
North America, Contributions toward Deptusea: -.o5o2 sccceas abectee te eee ee 41
a Monograph of the, by John B. Smith. 159 Opacal.< tase hese cena ee eee ll
beMiMOStelUs!OSSCUS s2ssons- so eoee ieee O12, 74. |) THERM Cal cc. ae ciee Sete nee eRe eee 642
hepidotrigia alatac= 2-2.) see asaeeese ee S6L2| SLespedezainshe sca son cnet ee eee 47
bUTEeril = eee see ee 361)" || Tuestevaspallines*2-.5-- 22 eee eee 14, 42
EpisOMa sa seeece a. see ee ee AAS “| hethiartriviitiatae: cease: eee ee eee eee 213
Ike PGMs: Pi DHOSUS = ono = eet eee eee 646) |) Lbethrinuseutjanuses.4-5 sss eeeeeeeeeees 390
ep LA CIS eater eset ee eee ea aeeeen re 41 richardsonie@e.. SS2eeeerssse see 350
cephalicns=o-s2e+ 4 en aa 123} (LeNcaMa 2.2 asses ce Sock eee Ee eeeeeee 159, 204, 208
Tomei Collis eee eae eee 12 A Revision of the Moths re-
nigritulus. --.- sig SE 12 ferred to the Genus, with
heptarctiatcalitormise 2-2 2s ee eee 370, 373 Descriptions of new Species,
GPU eae See een oe eee eee 10, 40 by John By Smiths: Geese se- 159
Leptinotarsa decemlineata......--...---- 28, 51 adj Uta. sat: ease eee 208
JUN Cha, eee ee ee ees 28, 51 HdONCR . cs s20 02 Peete eee 208
heptinus testaceus 20 255-2 = scot aeseees 10, 40 allbilinGa)o2-222. aA.2eesee eee 164,
Iheptoblenmius:2o26- seen sac eee eee 499 165, 167, 176, 184, 185, 186, 187, 208
Sserpentinus5-2).s35so-s5- 499 emyedaling 2225 25-clsce ceecmeere 208
be ptobolus ata vuUssses—-- eee ae ee 609 anteroclara, new species. ...... 173,
COUILGIS eet ee ee eee 610 174, 200, 201, 208, 209
leptocephalidce 223325 4- ee eee eee LORD TO MANIC CAi Jaks Soe ee one eee ee 195
beptocephallus) 2232. sss c5 cee eee eee 326 picolorata.z*.-s2 {AS ees oee eee 206
TY SLLOM baer ae eee 573 calgariana, new species........ 174,
MeptOchnnss s4- 2 a5-n 3s ee 444, 498, 504 175, 201, 208, 209
aculestusi: 33242 see 498 COMMOIGES =<. ..5-.oucceosnee ee ee 161,
maculatus. .-ceeteeseee eens 498, 504 172, 173, 174, 190, 198, 194, 196, 208, 209
LeptogeniUs)45-4 22-2 Yee eee ee ee 42 Gompletag.-eaa- eee eee eee 195
heptopunellus sass 355 sass eee eee 499 complicate, s--e5e-ee eeaee 162, 180, 208
eracilists 235-6 -no see 499, 500 @iaiE otc wecsacce 169, 170, 191, 192, 208, 209
Heptolinus Tu bripenmiss.s.-s-- sees 12, 41 @iusar =. = Seeeeee 166, 167, 186, 187. 208
Leptopogon amaurocephalus ...........- 138 @bvrIOSa Sas 2 ondec geen eee 208
amauroce- : extincta........ 170, 176, 194, 195, 208, 209
phalus ... 138 CX (TANGA). 25555 eee eee eee 177, 208
ICHStUS Seere 138 farcta .. 174, 175, 202, 203, 208, 209, 370, 376
pileatus ...- 138 flabilis'24----eee oe 168, 189, 190, 208, 209
LRIShISee-ee 138 HALVEVE < sossdc sesso See See 184, 185
meptoschemaibicolor sss. se eee eee 21,47 henri¢ivss.=:2..2 eee 208
Iheptostylus?stacacckeee a= See eee 51 heterodoxa..... 169, 170, 192, 194, 208, 209
ACU ETUS) se ec ee oe 26 imperfecta .......-- 178, 175, 199, 208, 209
DIUSHUIS Zsson eee sce see oe 27 insueta..j.2. 225-2 eee eee 168,
COllATIS Ses ees sees eee oT 169, 170, 171, 176, 192, 193, 195, 208, 209
COMM ESTUS soe eee 27 JUNCICOl a seq see eee 170,
Mmaiculay Sas. Se SS eee 27 171, 176, 195, 196, 208, 209, 377
PAEVUS\ 222 osas5- sla cehises ace 27 L-albumi £.2223:4 S223 esse eee 185
Leptotrachelus dorsalis ...............<-- oS lg pidaria=.24-< 332.a2 ese eee 190, 208
Me plUIra esse oa ciaaee ate e ns oe ee eee 50 ligata 3. 2222055 See ee 167,
cirecumMa sata 975. oe eee eee 26, 50 168, 170, 176, 189, 190, 199, 208, 209
Cordifera 25 552s oe eee 26,50 limitata,newspecies 166, 167, 187, 208, 209
emarrinatanss oss eee 26,50 limita: 2208. =e eee eee 194, 208
insamatites!) 3-235 ee ee 26, 50 luteopallens, new species. .....- 163,
Mineo lars Gases eee eee 25, 50 164, 180, 181, 182, 188, 208
MATE UN ALAN cs se cee ieee 50 lutina, new name...-....... 160, 176, 208
DET ta R IS ose as ee 26, 50 megadia, new species. .....-..-.- 169,
TLE Siete se es eee 26, 50 170, 191, 208, 209
IPROMMIN sas enao-criace eee ee 26, 50 MUMIA Sse So pee nee 193, 208
PUDeCTa seas See ce eee 26, 50 minoratea-. =o 1638, 164, 181, 182, 208
TUPLICH oS 42o see sae a-ha ee eee 26 moderatg: co. aac eee eee 186, 187, 208
multilinea . 171,172,175, 196, 208, 209, 377
ee
INDEX. 995
| Page. Page.
_ Leucanianeptis, new species. .... 1672188) 208;209" | Limmnobaris:grisea ...2..--5-2..-....252--- : 35
obseurior, new species - 166, 167, 185, 208 liber Sareea eee eee 35
ODUStAM ees ae ee eee eee 17 ORZOSE Melon OMS sNeeeaac on ao eet aee ee eccooe ae 47
oregona, new species 174, 175, 202, 208, 209 BPFOMNUSS ase aciccectarnceesskielnee 21
Oxy Pale ess cwiosascice ce 164, 181, 182, 208 SUTILe Tce Reo Sha See cece 21
MaALeNSe eee sy ma eases seen = 162, SUEUPUIS Mes nace eae 21
163, 164, 176, 180, 181, 182, 207, 208 Pasillant sheet eseee 552 a eee 21
palliseca, new species. ..--. 175, 203, 208 COMMISUSHes eels see eens. = 21
WAGHICIAM se occ cewacesaeceece a 207 GefimitUse hemes Jee ee a. 21
POMATNOOY es mecndeoeeaeaac 164, 183, 208 STISCUS eee a emcee em eeeeeee 21
phragmatidicola.......:......- 170, 171, TUM au eee See ee oe eee ae 21
172,173, 174, 175, 176, OLNALIPSOMIS sea aceeeee esse 21
197, 200, 208, 209, 377 DlebejUSiscseees ae eee eee 21
var. texana... 208 QULERCINMSSsy sees sees seee oc 21
llipalipiss-.-2=-- 2s ech ee 159, 161, 179, 208 SUPA Massce sees tees eee 21
ES TACUMISA tae ce cee sete hese 2078) sramiulodestparadoxusts.ssse-cecnece aon 14, 43
pseudareymiaees soto s- seeks 1 Glee Pains: lapponicdees eases ses sae ae eee 28, 52
162, 176, 178, 179, 208, 209 SCRIP baer cmet rnc cemeaecern seeeee ese 28, 52
Vers Collada lise 79520S ein aim ouila gems sare se eset sense etrcisa Pee sere 606
HIM OSdesee erie eames 168, 190, 208, 209 TTT Val eee eee eae ee tae 606
MOSCO ABE ee eee A758 202520841209 | lime ulell att ray. ceeisielso eiacrncies eecerae acranciee 577, 607
rubripallens, new species .....- 164, DCWEA I SUS) aerate eeycistete re seo 612
182, 183, 208 AVIS See coo eee ceeere 609, 610, 611
TUPLIPCH MIS seeece eae 165, 167, 183, 208 DCMIM Saas see eases 606, 607, 608, 609
MUILOSUDI Sate anya ee cess 207 canius, new species..........- 610
SCInpPIOO lastecee ae -eeteeee 194, 208 ChUaneNSiSjeeese: Sos eee ee 607
stolatayesee Cote 174, 175, 201, 208 COLCA eee ne tee ei 610, 611
subpunctata ....... 162, 176, 180, 202, 208 CONCINNA Wisse seed eee 608
tetera, new species............- 166, COMCINDUSE =. 255 -=2-- 606, 607, 608, 609
167, 187, 188, 208, 209 inflata eae Thee eee 588
unipuncta.. 160, 162, 173,175, 177, 190, 208 Ven vOMaliSs seas se see 588, 589
VENA ses oo ee oye ek 176,177, 208 GTS Se eee ea aa et eee oe 606, 609
IREUICATC HA ACICa er es eaaceeecne st. setae 370, 373 MOUMUICA oe secre oneteee ae 603
WREUC Ober mien he eom aan ines ayaicemene 771, 773, 793 NOWING AGUS s=-s-ee sees ee. oe 605
TUSCOCTIStatellaseeserseee eee ae 794, 928, 929 schmalensei, new species... . - 605
IFGUICISCUS TUGHLUS Ee: aac oko oe eee oe te 723 spatulus, new species ...-...-- 607
eucopteraalbellas\ oe cesses eae 587
lichenops perspicillats,...........2:2.0..- 139 | Linnarssonella, new genus-...--...-..--- 601
METS PICMIAUUS sees eee oo 5 139 broadhendimas. nee = aee 601, 605
GLC SUCS ere eerie cei Rss Siete tae 15, 43 girtyi, new species -. 601, 602, 604
ep aC cemetery se ee aan ee ee 424 TMM Laie eee ee 601, 603, 605
TLR VIIIS eee meee cere aa eaten cion tae eke cick e 49 tennesseensis, new, spe-
PUD DOSUSt see oem eee ike re 25 GlOS heated ee eee 601, 604
MOMGhUIS saree et eee kc D1 MAMI ATSSOMMAue = nee se sikete ee .-- 578, 579, 589, 594
TOU aa UG areata) = Scio nate oe 274 pelvismaen ass ss. ees sees 587
EOP Bde eects 2a oss.4 locas cpteereeecters 276 MVUG AMAL As ces cccc, 090,096
an CR US eee ees oa =e aaa eeeion oe 46 MISCVay sect wee panna eee 579, 590
GC eee eee ee aera less ae sce 19 PLCLIOSAeyaas Sys teces eae 594
otmoe Hints semase asec sorerie 19 Sarittaliseescesueecmesse ook 579, 594
TED ULOSUSE a eys oe cles ae eae 19 var. taconica ...--- 596
OlIVACEUSM a mesa ceesceee ees 19 var. transversa .... 596
OV GUUS Sasa oyenoe eee coe 19 LeG OM Calpe eee sete eeteee e 596
DUNCtATUS Ph a25245ececeoee eens 19 ULAMISVCISH) os Sooeeccaw tees ce 579, 596
MGR O DATS spore sae aoels niece saree tance Don | imophorateseserserees aaa sacs Seca - 0298000
PLACA Alea a .c once ee Sete ata 35 QUIT Sa pessoa eae ee crates ee 529
Calliv algemry- 2.5 sae ae oe eee ioe 307} LOD UMMIMNGOWNSENGI 62 sec... cies 219
GONMGUTKENS 2 -soeacteaseaae oe 30) PLO eS 52s sce soe eecen since saan non tatiesteis 40
Confinis 26. -2)ee= sso se e2esee = 35 OBS AIST epeseacisncne cis anc coe eee 10
Contusayasstss.c-o- sas 5ccee Sais 35 GISCOLOTeeseeee ce emcee cess 10
996 INDEX.
Page. Page.
hiodesigeminatas +2 -ce see eee eeeee es ILO}. aes SVilivacUIS ee eee eee ee eee
ODSOlEtES 2 Se Os SRE eee 10 | terminalis 5 Sse see ee eee
WI OpUSS Sie. 5 St Seer cee ee ee eee Ol) | ibiza trOSChelikc a=ssee 8 ee er ee 332
Oilip Hasse ease e rs a eth tes ae EE 27 | bohelia‘syphilitiea 22.2 a2 epee ee 551
CLASSUNUSE “oo oeee eee ckee ose rete AOD, |) TO DETUS(S Sate seh g eae ees ae ee
FASCICULADI eter o2€ 5 Se cce eee eee ai TIMPLESSUS 2532. See eee
PUNCIRIUS= Ase ene Scere eee 2%) | Mochmigstema tials = 22easees—5--e pees 134
WULMCINETCUSs 12222 ee noe eee 27) ocustellarcerthiolae--2---- = seas 2
Vane Sais apreasoc ret sas eee ee Die | MUO EO SIe >. Soak ce lee ee ee d5dL
MOSiTACUSIMUTICUS._ 22. cee eee eee 612+) Songifarsust. 2. *-)5 52.00 eee
TAPOPHUMS oe Tt Rc eee coe eee 450 m elanuruse sass heen eee
PHOlisi-2e nase eee 450 PYLMBLUS = 5. sce eee
Minodendronl sete. - 222 ee. eee 44 subrufus 2. =.. os... beeeen tae
Uulipifenaastseaecsseee see oe 56 LESTSCEIS= == aoe eee oeee
WASpINUS\eMISUMS S225. eee eee eee Oe 14,42 | turbatust< <<. S-cesset eee
issonhopiUs=-e-ses- ees ee aerate eS Db | hong=nosed’sersiper-seee-=—- = sees eee 559
APLCul ablisy = sees soe ae 34 | ‘Lonicera involucrata-..2--5.--.eeeeseene 399
Simplex. Ace. < fase eee ee 34.) Mophins piscatoniusss-= ose. oe ee 707
List of the Beetles of the District of Co- Lophoderus coloradana ..-...-:-..--.---- 371, 402
lumbia, A, by Henry Ulke...--- i |) Lophopsetta maculata. 252. ess seeeen ae 707
Birds collected by William T. Fos- ihoriculussverelishs.s- bose eee eee 304
ter in Paraguay, by Harry C. LOXANATUS <: hy aR eS sake EELS eee 38
Oberholser 24255225 = sees 127 APUIS! see ee eee ee 7
Spiders collected in Arizona by @rraticus) o... nascent ose ne 7
Messrs. Schwarz and Barber | MINOT Se eae eee 7
during the Summer of 1901, A, TECUUSE. a, Sa. Suisse eee ee 7
by Nathan Banks’. . 225 4--e-4--- 211" || oxiaraliborulamis 3. ses. s5e25 ee eee 146
Listotrophus cingulatus...-.=..-.-222-2-- 125410 | neem deer-mecce se sack eens ne ee 24,49
DIStrONOCUSEeee a= See eee eet ine 50. | Llcanus Gama: 2222.2). Saoie soca eee 24,49
appendiculatus assce- esse 33 elaphusit eee = wines eee eee 24, 49
CallLOStIS peste ee eee eee 33: | diucidotar= 32 seeo- a eee 47
Camdaitinss= a= 22a eee eet 33 SUES 03s. cos cee So -See eee 22
INQ UAliIpPeNMIS 42sec se se 33 punctalats.- =o eee ee eee 22
latinseulus sss. 208 sc eee J ssesce 3o.| uciUs reticulaiiss==--o5--e eee ere 647, 649, 718
sulcinostnishss2-eseee eee eee 33°. || Wdius - bieee ore see oe ee eto eee eee 47
tuberosus):. => -Ssecte bases 33 abrUpniss. cA Js2 eee eee 20
Tuitaliturosellay.- cers on. o2 societies 885 | Atte RU aTUS Se-o- = eee eee eee 20
wernamiellas. certo. cece ees eee ee ee $59 | Ludwigia alternifolia .............:..--. 52
WATATONIS HS. 2 Sac ee. See eee eee 45) | “VUMprICURa tele soe eee 223
balteatwst <5 25 Sos ee oe ia TLUMpPenus-ciss2 cee sseaee eee ae 444, 483, 499, 504
didesmmis;c=5.6: -2c2 = tase eee ii aculegtus s5s2-- =- asso hee eee 498
MIC HULOSUS = aeons oh eRe Sees 17 anpuillaris=---seeeesee 499, 500, 501, 504
GPU Cla isso aes eee ee 17 fapricil: 2.9.8 ese eee see eee 499
LetTaspllovustse- oe eee nee 17 fowleri, new species... 499, 500, 501, 504
Lithariapteryx abronizeella -...-.....---. 371,410 | lUMpenlss-.-2el- eee 499
hithocharisiochraced=2-2ss. se se eee ele 12,49 | maculatus. =242255-e22s4s ee ee 498
Mmithocolletisss4-o-eeo os ee sea ee eee 791 | duuperalitica tuscuilla sso. 5. ee ee eenee ee 29
basistricellam 2228455 S225. 371,411 || buperodesieyanellus2 3-2 -=--- ae =e eee 29, 52
ClNCiNatIell ase. sees eee 371, 411 MeCTAUCAN-f. ses sehen eee eee 29, 52
Htehellan ties ee aes 371; 411. | Tuupinus; asses sco see eee aeee ee eee 372, 407
saliciiolellars-seessa-seeeeee 371, 411 perennis.. 0-2 .422-5se cee 850
Lithyphantes corollatus.........-..-..--- 214.) Wootianidee <-So5-0- =i ccsase ae] eee aes 342
medialis@eeeeesssesce ess oe O14.) Lrtianus! 52-2 tee ecco no oe eee ee 345
Miteechropus scalp ils <== aes eee 15 anmularis oo. accra ateceneeees 343
MatOChIriuisnt eee he 2. oe. eee eee 43 argentimacuilahisme.-sccee sees 344
mm aculatus) soo Manse eae 15 argentiventts 5-4-2522 -seseees 344
Little Known Japanese Fishes, with De- filviflamimas--2-soee eee anes 343
scription of a new Species of Aboma, fuUSGeSCeNS .5. =. 2-2 eae tessa oe 343
Notes on, by David Starr Jordan and hoteen 22 5 ..- 25 -comseee ee ee 902 SeCOrelana: Jae cecta sce ae 216
melan ella yeee ees eee ee ee 9039805 |G Ninjotiid ss aos ey oes epee 141
TUDCSCEUS Ah. ores Sects sees rere ees 849 | Molorchus bimaculatus ..........-..-..-- 26, 50
tortricifonmell ae sense esses =e 903,937 | Monacanthidee.........-. 251, 261, 263, 265, 285, 359
Meraicantiha COMmmaCta-=--=sees. -2ee sens 30,53 | Monacanthus .......----- 261, 262, 263, 268, 274, 285
Meriania chalybeea, new species -...-..--- 119 aYTAUGL: ... 2221. eee eee 268
Merinuis 1evis\: sie ecser «22 seme eae 30, 52 brockd . J. ss. 0 -eeeereseee 266, 268
Menisthusiscobimill anes. -e ee eneee oem 4, 20, 46 GantoOris: sastis: eaten oe ee 262
Mernopids «2-2 2h eeiatn iss eee een saeeee 299 CHINeGNSIS: 224 ee. ee 252,285
IMi@nODS "=< sage a)= = s/aisia- ese EE ee aoe 299 @lerhifere esse see eee 264,265
PMU PINUS =.= koe 299 | TENAGUS, = <3 Sea oreeeeees i |
TULCUIS os Ses ate A eee cee 134 | feorraphicus|sss-o242- see 262 {
Mesoprionisempran) 326s sche ee 344 JAPONICUS. +6 oon ees 265 J
SPAT Sten 55 22. aha sees 344 komik... caaneawae obese 264
Metabletus americanus. .-..-..--..---- oie 7,38 | MaxXiMOWLGZU fae 268
Metachromasses jes ses see eeee ame ee 51 | MOG estUsy. hes eee 68 |
leva Colles. Sacerincearsmeeeece 28 MaAsiCORNIs! ees eee eee 277 a
NECK Ova eee eee eee 28 ObIONESke eee eee eee ee 266,268
pallidumitsst wees er 28 poljakowilit-s: --=-cse eee 268 %
QUerCa limb asassca see eeee ae 28 PRLONUTUS eo s.o- sae eee 273
Meteorite, The Casas Grandes, by Wirt Proboseideug, See seeas eee 276
PPASSIT Mie Shek e Soe oe ee hee ee 69 SCriptus.2.5-- 2-2-6 e oer 276
IMGLZNOLI Are aoe Serre See ee 772, 773, 774 setifer ta nae eee 264, 265
lappe lll aera eee masa ese 774, 929 trachyd ermal 22-2252 265
Mexicantocelottes-crseccsse ashen ae 244’. Monachus’. «32 sce cance Sons eee ee ee 51
Miss inisp ld ils ee vesee ts eee eee 34, 55 MbOL 525 cece: Soe eee aaa 28
MN Carty eee inter tence aces ee ee ee es 213 SApPOMATUS 22.6 ao eee 28
Micracis;opacicollisy: =) as-4--= = sees acre 36,56 | Monarthrum fasciatum .--..--.---:-.---.- 36, 57
TUL GUIS espe syne sian aia rei eee 36, 56 Mali ss 5.5 22s eer eee 36, 57
SUBUTAINIS!= yoo ee tee e ee eee eee 36,56 | Mongara kawahagi ..............-------- 256
MicrapaLercristicaUda j2.-sss-sseee-eeeee 23 | Monocanthus monoceros-2--= ss--ssee=e 275
dinederoides=*22--esssee- esses 23 |. MOMOCELOS! «2 fas sconce ciee wees ae ees 558
IMUCROCGHMTUS sec seceee ssceecee meres 529, 541, 563 bigculeatuss eases eee 558, 559
Sirige tus -o.4a le Mucikcephalowust=-c.---ceee ee eee eee
Nord ellistemayeeencnce- coe ss Soe ates eae ciesi 54 (BUDS esses tet eae oars Saaecio eee
RIM USlae es ee ee aoa =a 32 trOschelimice ere hen eee cee eee
ANT Cee eee ease roe Sis NS Mupilidte:s 53. secre as seek ee eeetoroe
NCI Ae st Fe aes ee 325 |S Miulleripicusthod Seimei ee ac eter cece cee
ATCC Cae eee eee cae 92. OPM Ose) sheer eee oseas ect scl eteonee
AIG Wyese eee Ses ten 314) Mullusieyclostomus<22--cce-cscceee cee
ASPCTSMs< oe Soe eee ease 22) NUN Ta SCMIStrintaces cee n= cee ees. ce
aAtienusatas.. 235-6 seeceen SoM Marrcen arn wo LenSslSieee cee eric eiemie celeste
DiciMevellse ene eee sa aee cee Sule Muree mi Ges rye eee ceeee ec secieeece s
HUnAmMapaeenssseseeie coe ee 32% | Murenoldesis cas siecccentic cs os as coceclcee
biplaeiattacscsceees ee scenes 31 dolichogasterzt--.2-.- ss. ee
COmMaltar: seer wees seas s fe 31 TASCINTISERE came soeee ise cesses
CONVACIR Ges. cactinnes ceeenee 32 MB MUM AMISe cee ce ese eee ee
decorelll ax -esmancckcee cee 31 MEDMWGSUSi seuss Nee eee ee
GISCOLONs sass ances snee eee oer 32 MEDC Sic acece eee cess =a
fuliva COIS! See eee 31 Sli] Claaaceetes ce ce etlece ccececes
HUNCabaws scsi tee Saeco shee 32 ECT Ase Aaa ters cicle winctc occ isiele’ele
PUSCIPeMMIS = o- se ese eee eee S25 lpMurmi diidcececeeassc- + smcet celes seve cc cee
CLAM MI CAtern=s=2 essere ee Sa MUTMILGIMS OVELStessecceo-. oss che cece
IM PAtlENS) =) 3-21 S< sews os G2) MUSCIGAPATAZALCR Sse c ec ccce celccce ces =o
iProé-N. M.ovol: xxv —02
b+
32
32
32
32
ol
32
o2
ol
32
56
140
291
289
297
143
139
297
=I
a
~I
369
159
77
do2
302
333
332
299
334
335
297
325
326
470
471
474
474
468
472
470
474
16, 44
16, 44
296
1000 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Muscicapa cyanirostris.<.--...52-----2<.<- 139): |) Miymmed oniarplanitera.s ss sense eee eee 11
ferom Fast Se eMe esos eee ot ee 135 MUGS pees Las ceee ee seeeee 11,41
latimOstriscsssec eee e eee ee ee 295 schwarz: 22.25.22 2eeeeeee = 11, 41
malabarl cys so e-eseeee ss es 290» |e Mivisraspulllatges. S25 asnc ee ce eee eas 15,43
Pasa a) set eee cS eee eee 137 -| Miystaxisisimulaton:=s.-- ees eee eee 31,53
SDI atOneteee es tonne bos cee 136 | Mythicomyia pictides, new specie) ....-- 102
SUIRIRICAR ERs ee eee eee a eee 136 scutellata, new species --.. 102
NGUSCLCRpId Best 2 yee nee ysae sees 295 | Mythimna pseudargyria .-.........-....- 178
Museitres prisolat. ss 2s. cocen ee eee es 295°3|\) Mayxocephalusy: 226s saeeerene eee 753, 755, 765
Muscopteryx obscura, new species... .--- 116 JAPONICUS: 22-5 ee 795, 756, 765
tibialis, new species........ 115, 116 octodecimspinosus -.-...-- 707
Musica‘pa colonusiss.+s-ccesreewausee: cone 139): -Nacerdesimelamuraisess 22-0 eeeee 31, 54
Miva s:COTACINUIS hans soos. cc ote es Seen See 6;38: |; Noera.c 26sec. nace on seeseeeeaes 793
Mycetceavhirtaisai 22 cab. aoc ee ceeee eee ns 14, 48 FUSCOCTIStatelliae ener ee ee 79A
Why cetinal penpull Chaise sase eee ce eee 1b/43."| Na gpeaike jee sences =e aoe eee 497
testaceat acho eee et eee 15, 43° | SNamn ois 222cheerec come nar nee 792
Mycetochares) lien sccct seen o tc oe 538.) (Nase@us< 2 2-522 Senet ce oes eee eee 58
PinOtalie sess fas ew. eS 30 TOUT COMMIS! =a-e ace Gee eee 558, 559
TOVER tHe Rian ac eater eee 30 longicormid- 23, 48
Ophibolus getulus multicinetus.......... 153 CORONA os canis oe arate sees eae 23
SAN ac aera sarsrcteteaie sale wales oi 2 2 152 | Orthorhamphus magnirostris ....-.--.--- 312
Splendidus 5-52 cccceese === oes 1525 MOrtChOSOM Gi .< =piacs. ses ee ae eee Botts 50
Mphicephalidee ca. an- 22 cee sae cisions ss 330 DPLUNMeUM et a-ha ee 25, 50
Ophicephalus maculatus -....--.-..------ 330 HOSbeckia 4-528. saniee sy an Soe a neces 262, 275, 285
tadianus, new species - 316,330, 331 PIOVOSCIGER, | 22. - =e ass eeee eee 277
Ophichthus cephalozona ...............-- 326 SCIP tales a5 seee eee ae 275, 276, 277, 285
Ophichthy iG asses a\s< secs ces oe een sleii= 326, |) Osmodermajeremicola o2--22--- acess" s-=5 25, 49
MOD EN AG Coe ee ea eres te ote ates =iaia cote 743, 751, 765 SCADTAA Sets ose ne see eee 49
Ophidioid Fishes of Japan, A Review of SCRDMUME sacecisee sass ene Senae 25
the, by David Starr Jordan and Henry Osmotreron chloroptera.........-.--.----- 308
MUMBO WOT =e ire we ais cic seisieeuineeeceees 743 andamanica,
OP MIGi Old CAs ee aesan eee ssc cicee ceca ss 743 new subspe-
Ophidimm=rocellatuml 1-2... es--c<2= <= 483 Cless = sees oe 287, 308
MD SUISOMMUS |S amee ea. coca a= anes sete ce AO OSOUUSIATIPES: = aa sceae a cea eae te eee eee 14, 42
SUNMEMMSG Sass arse ssee aoe 2 470 | Osteology of the Caproid Fishes or Anti-
WO pisthocemtrinee: < ys s ssc s< ces ecb scene 443 goniide, The Rela-
Opisihocentrus's. 5... .-=- 2s. 443, 483, 486, 488, 504 tionship and, by Ed-
ocellatus:2:2-<2--.-2- 483, 484, 504 win Chapin Starks ... 565
quinquemaculatus.....-. 483 Hemibranchiate Fishes,
Trebiculatus<2-2--s2sc2s15- 483, 484 The Shoulder Girdle
LONUIS = ene ae oeeee 483 and characteristic,
zonope, new species... -. 483, by Edwin Chapin
484, 485, 504 Starksy-casee scenes es 619
MO PLCS ATO 88 es semes cia Sena elects sees THA MOSVICHUDVS eterna es ccoseceews coe teste cee ae 334
Oplegnathoid Fishes of Japan, A Review JAPONICUS 42s... ese aa ~- 1 334
of the, by David Starr Jordan and Ostractidsesscere osc. - se oieee moe seria 278, 286
IHCHRVAW gh OWLCD2 =. cece teeccecce= ce - 7s OStRACION G+. sb asacecec a. oa oece ee 278, 279, 2
Oplepmathus e2-- os cc cece ss cece ese mers 75, 76 geuleatus. o7. so. sees ates eaten
COMWSYIet a. cecne seca 76 ATCUS oye wee cess eee eee
TASCIQDUML » occ cee se ate cates 76 QTLUS 4352 Sess ae eee ae
HASCIALUSSs. oo esac eens 76 pituberculatus-2-5.2.c2.2------
ANSIOMIS= oso. - secs oreo ie 76 DIGVICOLMISS. -4 Sate eee see en
DLT CLAM scoters = siete 77 eornutum
PUA UA US feasts sera eer 76,77 COLMUUUS So ease ato eee = seaeiote
Oplophorusiamericanus'|---.---s---------- 230 CUDICUS Ses sce oe Soee = 278, 280, 281
Onsanilchthysiere=sacee s olao miele mate rele 322 Gin phenunies. o.oo eee eee e 279, 281, 286
ORGHEMMANGIATIA sess | ao ee rele eins = secs = 371, 403 Gisphanusesecss- oe oe == 281
var. betuliperda ....-.-. 371, 403 TOPMASI Ae een een eee a 281
Ore esin wee pec aa a rece sioeat teeters. 53 RIbPOsuUMes ec ae see eae = 279, 286
GAS UARNE Cees ee See msteiats stale seiatores 31 Sip DOSS = te. oe Pane eee heiala ere 279
OTUCTLIS pats on = eisise oeisyen spas ae ea 31 NEKAPONUS sess =) ores shaw ce 284
Wrchestesipetwleties. ---- 2. sme\-ns ss cesiee 34, 55 immaculatum .-.....-...-- 279, 280, 286
NS Clee eee sie i= ate a erste ae 34, 55 LMUINACWIADUS: << =o 22. asc cos ===> 280
pallidicormis’. << 2.222. -s-<---* 34,55 DENTACOMDIS.-50. 25 seo steasanss 281
SUMCIS He. see oases sess - 34,55 quadranpulatus' 22s 5--.--5-55 282
Orebilnse- esse ee aces ce scees= ac.- 25 64 quadrangulus gibbosus ......-- 279
AUITACM EMIS ™ ice nse -eee cece sn - 138 SUICLONODUSSs so2 ee se.2 seen 284
1004
Page.
QOstracion.tesserula oo --o-2eec eee eee 281
tetrasonus=eee asec wanoseee 281
fuberculahumss = seee ss eee 281
hUbeRen laisse stapes eee 281
GUC PUS eae eens no eee 279
undecimaculeatus .-.-------<2- 281
Weatlem SiMe ecer =a eae See es 282
Ostracodenmiz- eee -perac- scanners 251, 278, 286
OstmaicophOri 2 .tsc 2k ee onc oteee caceeeee 278
Olidocephalusts<25- seen ewe ee eee 5d
chevrolatii: 2.2 5-5 eee = 34
TSVIGOMIS p35 555 eee 34
PIPWTITVOR 322 se at Bone ee ore 34
scrobicolliss 42225552 3d
Otiorhynchidse Sars. cass ee 33, 04
Obiorhynchus:OVvatUs- 92.4 so2—2 ce eee 33, 54
sulcatus: 0 soe et oa 33, D4
OLOCOMIpPSh Emeril es see ee ee oes 289
top hid vue hase eee ee eee ae 752, 765
asino, Dew. species...-..--.5-- 752, 765
omostigma js. 25-sesssees-ses 752
CURIS! eae yom cae a ae eens eC dA
GEST A CA oes snctiloen 2, eae en eee 31
TROTACICH) oc san coke oe eS 3
Oxy belés< 2). 0202 ee ee a toe 7TA0
NOME eco s soe ee 750
Oxyehtetou Ons. sactse sac see ees 530
lineolatus 222-27 eee ese 530
@XYCHEMUS Me aaee es se Meee so eee bee 5
INTSHGIMUG eee oe ae eee eee 18
WP TINEMMISS= ao ese e see 18
Oxylemus-americanus!-2:s2+.-- 25.5286 16, 44
OX:VOPESiCOMPACtA Seniesa ee ase ae DUT eed:
ORVOPIER .4 ao. mick sao co eee nee Se 217
Oxypoda minim th, sae ae eee eee eee 11
RAMU baie a aie se sees 11,41
ORY POLUS sen eer e eae ns cee ee ee ee 42
bicolore: 22S. 2e se aos eee 14
PASCLULUS ts eee Ae ee en ees 13
RemMOornwlisy eee scares eee 13
lateralis. pcnseos scarce eee 14
lepigdusys2.ijaccss cathe eee es 14
O-MACUIALUSS.s2 ss ee eee 14
IN OR Es pater ea eats eee 14
OcUipitalis a5. 2228 see eee ee 14
PUP CMTS en eee 13
SUV OTE Seen nesters eA ees 13
ViUtbUS ssc Soe ee me ee 13
Oxyptilus delawaricus ..........-... 370, 397, 398
periscelidactylus-¢----.-2-22- 398
Oxvitelus oe asco eeeee recent eeee 42
CRIP UUN see eee aan ae ee 14
UNC OUND TIS oe ae et ene 14
INSISMIUGUS 5. sees eee ee ees 14
Pea QUeRUUS= esses s- a a ee 303
fASCIMMUS: -a so... 2-jsSee eS 303
IMAP NUOStLISee ss ee se ee 303
NICODALICH aes. eee 303
Mmicobarnicus= =.= esse eee 303
tyWlerl gt 342 os eee 304
PalamMinusiCOntOLRtUs...- 2s eee ease e eens 18, 42
teSLACCUS' 22 se ee eee 13, 42
Pallodes pallidis= sess ss 22- see nee 18, 46
Palorusratzebursin.)- eee ee ee 30, 53
Subdepressus: 22-02 sess eee oe 30, 53
Paltodoranrjcena.- ae 772, 774, 775, 777, 779, 780, 849
anteliella, new species .. .--.-. 719, 178
Ganic€ostellainsass- oe ce eee 775, 778
Cilisilimeell aseasseescee eee eee 775, 777
dietziella, new species. -..- 775, 777, 781
magnella, new species. ..-. 775, 776, 781
MOAESHA Si. Sse eee 779, 781
pallidellats=s" 2-3-2 ees 775, 780, 781
pallidistrigella-........ 775, 776, 777, 778
piscipelliss: :225.5.-0s.-ssseee 780
sabulelilg Foc ot. see eee 775, 778
similiellans 2222 - ses 775, 779, 780, 781, 822
striatellass2o= soe 775, 777, 849
tophella ss. ee eee 775, 78C, 781, 929
Panageeus fasciatus) -— 2-62 2 seek tenses 6,37
INDEX. 1005
Page. Page.
Pea GAELS tae eraariios ae ales owas eels wee ecto GAP PRCOTCULUS) S oiteta sce oo nic cclavein, etos cee eee 637
AUC ELETE)US OUUIS: 2c - -m-i0- | ]Pitorimsaroperculeliiae sc. sscees eee 821
Hepatleusi cows ae eee 12). |= Phylethus-bitasciatus! 7... --= ss." seer 30, 53
Inquietus! srsi- =. eee eee 12,41, | -Phyllechthrus dorsalis)< ---42--)-s---eee-e 29, 52
NSS GUIS: eee ee es aoe 12, 41 gemiilisecs soa. ene eee 29, 52
LOM BIS oe ree ees 12 | Phyllobeenus dislocatus ..2....-:-.222.--. 23, 48
LOL ICOTMIS: hae eee As see ee 12 | Phyllobrotica discoidea ........-..-.---.-- 29, 52
TMIGCO PUG MMS) seen ee 12 lim bate. 22 sees eeenee 29, 52
pallligius -eeccsen ese see eee 12.) (Phyllomiyaas berlepschile- --e224-)—e eee 137
POlitusw eine se ose eee ees 12, 41 brevirostris var. salvadorii- - 137
thermarums=so-2 eee eee 12 SalvadOrilieeecaaseeee eee ee 127, 137
GH OLACICUSSa..0 bases eee ee 12" | Phyllopneuste;borealisss-e-msasenese eee 291
TURN DISS peer eke a rere 12,41 TW SUbTIS 32a sass ee 291
RIND TUN eee tee eee 1249" Phylloscantes. 4222 =o sesser sean aes 64
VWATIANS|2 <5; Scie sete secre 12 VWen'irailis ao see eee ae 64
ViGILUTAIS sme eee ees 12 | Phylloscopus tenellipes ............-....- 291
Philothermes pennsylvanicus.....--.-..-- 11 41- jo Phyllotreta ees a ses see eee one 52
PULOSUSS xe he ces re eee oe 11 bipustulatace2s-22- sess ss52— 29
Philothermus glabriculus ..........-.-.--- 16, 44 PlCbAissaceecinse stesso 29, 52
Philydorrutuss. Soe sas eee eee 133 Simtate: 2s caste eos See 29
Phimothiyrajhexalepise: o2e--sss0. se seas 154 Wittatey 22 ho ss dese eres 29
IPNloeO phages c= seco ae ea ae eee 56 | Phyllotrox ferrugineus-ss-o-c2---5-- 5-5 34, 55
ApPIONIGes).2 5-5 see oe ee 36,56 | Phymaphora pulchella.-......-....---..--- 15, 43
MINOR ease eae ee Lone 36,56: | Phymatodes‘amcenus .2. 2.2.2. --2=--2---4 25, 50
Philcoporadatens: 5... 2-2. sec eee 11 infUuscahiss)sn-o-e ee 25
Phiceosinus dentatusss.-.2---< --ssssee 36, 48, 56 Varisibilist 22522 eee eee 25
Phicotibus fromtalis 356-2 oc) cee ee 36, 56 Vans S22 OSs See se ore 25, 50
INIA SIS se een ee 36; 56. | “Phyrdenusundaitus 2. - 2-2-5 ease 35, 55
Pheenicothraipis tubien ~2 2-2 7-5- 2s = 143.) Phiysalisviseosa...: 5. ~-2 =. 22 ose= eaten 802
PCCUSE ss ae ieee tan hassel eee 8051806: ||"Phiy ton 220 22. ce s5ece = seaneeee aoe ee wee 50
AGG Bite ie owe ano eee ons 805, 806 pallidwim'. 7... D ssh aie. sesese ee 26
PHO] Gide eae 3 Sere cece tease ae Sone 212 | Phytonomus comptus 222-222-242 -2 ee 33, 59
Pholeuspullluses sees seeee eeee 212 PUN Cats essere oSROD:
PholGa puss wasn sees ee eee 443 | 487;504-|) Phy xelis misidus) 22255 ease ee eee 33, 54
OVDOWSESS 2 coon 3 So cance ee 488504:_| Piazorhinus\pictus®).0525-25 9-02 - =a eee 34, 5d
MSL MMD AGW octet tals qa clne 487, 488, 504 scutellarisa----.-escssseeees 34,55
tate sa ce
ode
INDEX. 1007
Page. Page.
er ZITUStOCUIAuUISieee es coc see eee es ae ce Soyo | MEd AterOs Tonraglisseaes=---s.scess sees soe oe 22
TCI se RRR Mee eek eee cS ae cremains 128, 299 NLC tOT Ee nents coe ee aces eee 22
IGOAPtES) SWULALAS 2-62 Lees. ee oe ee se 132 MOC ESLUSH. 275 shes s seen eee 22
TENUWINOSMISe=sasce sees. 132 LUMTGUSPRS Res cece eecee sees 22
apothetus ..:.--..- ISISL32" | Platophrysmynasters.2.-- es = ese see 365
TENWITOStrismse soe Jole132s eelatycephalid peseses sass aoe eee Y 361
HCUINTMUIS CLITA tUS! es. ees 0- cee cee ee I2sa me elaty cephalus asses sess eee oa. ea 942
PICUS AMG AMAMeNsis! 2-5 sac see See 299 | - Crocodilusseseree seer err acc 361
Spilogastergn cme -cqsa- ese soce See ce's 128 sublalbusen ease cee 361
RVC SE ees ee Se ean ce waeinceeee ee cad 218 RI GUCUS sees aa ee re ane 361
Fez OCOLVMUS GISpAls-- 4-2 tease ee oe 37,57 IMC TINIS tase seer 361
TENS GWG ae eae aoa ee 37,97 USL ENE Opt at eee ae 361
TM OESEUIS ee cee ree SiO Tel Peel atyGCLusen cee tence ne see ise cee bea nee 49
Rimacoderalimipaita.s.-< = S=.-2hs0- eee 7,38 QIUCT CUS seer ene 24
lab COlIS Sa = eee ee (| Wblaby. dem amss 2252 eters 2 cas ate aeeeooe 53
platy collisizeesc-se—-e a s-- BS Gren a hum tae oser Ge eee at 30
Pinodytes eryptophagoides......--.--. 3, 10, 40, 41 elliptiCume-s--eeces ee eeeeee se 30
ermophilis tatipesea= casas. esse oes ee 13,42 enythnocerumitesee ese ee ee 30
ODACUSENee se ee en sect eee ces 13 EXCEL ULI eg ae ee 30
DIGLDESHe essa eee ee 15, 42 HAVIPeS S23 Stanton cee 30
AINUS tl SLI G seee crete SeSeocoe See Meer 55 MUUCH S eee Se sia Ce ee 30
Pionea beliali 370, 397 Picilabrumpyss--e2s- eee 30
HESTON ACH S 08 ayastoclei eer se < see einiele sisi 135 HULCOMe Rae ee eee 30, 53
Ghilorocapillacce ts sc tas neon Se 144 MUNGOLN Ce se sss scree eta: 3
PECLONAIIS! Reape sean sees. acl cesses de subcostatumis- 5222s saeeeoee 30
BAIT ee ety ee eras yan sistent tears P3D}a| El ML VAMUS SANs sees cee c ey ere ae ona cee ee 345
Pisenus humeralis. ...---- Reopen een 31,53 macrophthalmus ...-.......-. 345
RisomianaGuleatan a+ -eseeren sekcer ce see ons 791 SPANUS een ane Seco eee 344, 345
ObtUSATApeateos sepa See tees (92s elatynotalgblosanaesesss242 5 eee eeeee 371, 402
PIsOOdOnOpPhiIs!HOLO0) =2oess225-+5-s5cesesee O20; |MElabVMUISeeRU Pil OSUSssse 2c 04.2 cee 7
RISK Cigar eee Ree ea eet er as 50 DOP EMA Nees tee cen ae eee ee 7
SUELO Dlieae sono: eee aes eet oe 38, 55 CAT DORA ee et pe Sen see eat eee Gf
Pitta abbotti, new species ............-.-- 287, 298 CAUGAUS ese ea eee 7,38
CUCM ates ese eset ee see O LOO CINCHCONISHpereee eee aeenee 7
MOMICCENSISErea- ssa ee See eee 299 crenistriatus 7
AEFI G2 ore eee Ss a Sis s Pee acces 298 cupripennis a
Pituophis catenifer deserticola..........- 153 deCenstassie econ ace eee ees 7
Sales Geese ete csi an eee ee 152 GCOS se ee hee eee ees 7
iRityoeenes: plagiatus: =. -2225-s-cs--<0026s 36, 56 OX CAV AUIS eae ees se eee - ee 7
Rityophagus,cephalotes /.222----2 22. =... 18, 46 Extemsicolligne: oss cheese eee 7
Pityophthorus'anmectens. :=---.-:.------- 36, 56 FETTCUSP est cesses ne ae ee 7
Gonsimiullis*s2-==-eeeee ee 36, 56 imi atlis! ss eineso co ece ne ee 7
UMC ODS neha seers cee as 36, 56 utulenitssesncee ese cena 7
MMUIMNUITISSIIMS! sy eek as se = 0 36, 56 MUELAMATING eeeee cee eee ee ai
PUberuluse assesses see ee 50500 IN GELCMISi Se ck teh asiee ee eeeemercas ‘fi
MWIGHTriUSes ase eecseso- ee 36, 6 IVUGANS! Sais mc witderne ce Seat ese 7
PuUllUSseasete eee hoe 36, 56 ODSOIETISH. pees cee soe ee 4
PLUG USAR eel ne wa tichcrce SS oe oe dclote 11, 41 PICIPCUMIS = . sa5-6 ne ne eee 27, 61 brunneus, new species .. 837, 838, 930
Pogonotriccus alleni, new species......-- 65) a) SProteuSiie tac oe ean oak see eens 230
ORIG S22 ee See gee 65s Protheca hhispida. 235-5. s5-seeee eee eee 23,48
PIUMMIbeLCe pS sae jense ee 65 | puberula-2:=2aes 6 Se eceese 23,48
VE Ker6 oy ah ee RS pe 65.-|SProtinus atomarlso-2 1 .ceeneeee eee ee ae 14, 42
Poisson & Miroir du Japon ....---..--.2.- 517 | Protolophus tuberculatus .............-.- 219; 221
PerroqueteNoiniss: tee aes 76°\|\ PEUMiUs) [S22 eden shee cee e ee eee 806
Polemius Waticormis..s 2... see s2see eee 22,47 PerSiGa eS! Fence eee eee 859
Poly@actylus plebeius2=-- o-4 ea enceess 301 Serotina ty jt Sees 882
rhadinus, new species. .-...- 316,351 | Psammodius egialioides ..........------- 24,49
Poly sonumicc see oases esigeeniod ~-- 376,392,801 INteMrWUp US... 42 een 24, 49-
ACTOR eerie onc to eee ee S01: )|--Psammopercarcas---= 226 ee eee 342
hydropiperoides __.--...-...: 874 | WRISeNSIs | eee ae eee 340
Poly hymns. 2 Soe oe a ate, eee See 773,839 .| Pearis CUyIeblbot So: hic. - eee eee eee 135
acaciellal 2. -cete sees aesaaee 839,930 | Pselaphephila similis, new species. ...-.- 124
fuscostrigells =. 2-227 -j-sse > 839 \| Pselap hid 2222: 32 Se. =e wine nee eee 10, 40
LuteOstnieelic === 25 eee eee 839' | Pselaphusierichsonil.<-- 2. = <2 -2oeee seen 10, 40
sexstrigellar cs: 3... Jason eee 839, 840 | Psenocerus supernotatus ..........------- 26, 50
POMWMEMIMSS oe Sots! pose ses teeeeee eee 301 |, Psenolepis'parvullal <5. s2s2-- -s2sseos eee 40
Polypleurus)|geminatus-. 22 .-.-22 25 -seeee 30;52: +> Psephenus lecontel..-. 2. -s2sas0--ecneoese 19, 46
IPOMIaiGainiihinee Soa ee oe eee ae 529-'|; Psetis Hott s-See el beet nee seca nee eee 526
Pomacamthus 2.222% 22)... S25 =... 3-5-5 5ees 029). 0495)) Pseudaluteres 5- ss) eee eae eee 262) 277, 285
CANESCENS seo. =o scoeeeece 549 | MASCOTS aces tee eee 277, 285
Pomacentnidse: ta. oe etn eee es eas 352 | Pseudanthonomus crateegi ..---....-.- 34,55
Pomacentrus filamentosus ..............- 531 | INCIPIENS |] —-ss——ssees 34
Pomadesishastaa oo. foes oecc=s- seas n es 349 | longulusscecse=> assce 3B
TOS CUIMTUS sees ceay oe eee 349 | TULUUS Shs eee aS 34
Pomolobus pseudoharengus........------ 708 seriesetosus....-.. =... 34
Pomphopeeajentas 5 tc... eee 32,54 | Pseudapinops, new genus. ......--.------ 108
INDEX. 1009
Page. Page.
‘Pseudapinops nigra, new species.....--.. HOSS; eterostichus eravises.-. 2.0..2s 2. -sens Se 6,38
SRNCUGALMaAGilO 2.22. 25s aie sb ated Laasee 509 HON CSUUS:/c,;3ane se eee eee 6
CAMIMIIATUS ease ee - 509; 511 JachmymlOsus!: 422s oe eee 6
from Cuba, A new ter- LU GUIOSUS =< 2-1ee ee ceeeee soe 6
restrial Isopod of the LUCIAN GUS) =e eee eetee 6
Genus, by Harriet Rich- IMNMCRSUOS UES s eisce eee ace 6
BTASOM eee oomeae ee 509 MMUWUUS y nfaralarsidie sao sees ewes oe eee 5 lWeebin eax pin sere te see era ero oa eee 14, 43
Be eseudochelaria..---..-/--2.22.5.- 851, 852, 885, S86 QUCTCUSEE atone ae eee 14, 43
pennsylvanieas-..-:...-- 885) |) Btinellodesfleconteie-2s-20--2-- 252 seems 14,43
walsinghami.:.-.2.....- BSo ule Pte rss ee we tee eas oes Sea erect ait 23, 48
PRPUC OTA IS masse ate hae es a SOM Sets Tun MeuUspene aos snc see cee a oe 23,48
: SINAN elyse one oH ee ee 370, 372 GUTS Sean we RE HART Naat ae gs 23, 48
Pseudoluteres nasicornis ......-...-....-- 277 IDLELEULP WISH te eee s tee eos eee 23, 48
Pseudomonacanthus ......-.--------- 261, 268, Quadrimaculatus: sas. 2s. 2s -ss2oe 23,48
WACLUTUS. = oS 268 Ptomaphagus consobrinus ..........--..- 10
modestus... 268, 269, 271, 285 ODLIMUS ee eee es a ect 10
trachyderma..:...-- 270 WALASLiUS 25s cece cee 10, 40
Pseudopleuronectes americanus .......-- 705, 706 UCI ant Meas coe sete 10, 40
IPSEUCOPSISSULCA LOG eae ce see en eee Sm |eetosim a eibbicollas saeco. a ccen cence 21,47
SCUCOTHOMDUS = on cnc oss seeee Shee l es ce Shee eulsatillathirsutimum = sas6 425 82 ees eae 402
NATELY EUINUS en ee eam a5 96D2]|—Purpuricenusshumeralis Ss. -= sea. 2--. 26, 50
OS Hd Ones seasons tees 365 VEU SU KeUL TOTS) yale ete. oh 21ers eave 26, 50
muUSSelhisewsee see ene ae S65 SBursesishines- os sas oe Sains Sates Sask seas 545
PSCUGOSCORPIONION | =...22 5-4 ascc. sl eseee DONNER Y COM ECLUS Sse occas na cisico cele = seen ee 44
HAWOGhOLUS PulUUS! a. 0s. ee <= cee 212 SUICLCOMIS vases ee lac eee se 16
AUG Gl Ceara ss ae SE eae rise Se ROSRIERY CnOnOLd eset area es teed. cose oe 289
Psiitacts tASCisbUSs..=2cneas oe eee ae 2 cece BOSH meEVEOStEUS cove tuna meee. ciaoizee ene sece ts 619
WiGLIAliSme sess 1235, ae eee SOL Se yractomen sas seme sess se ese. eee 47
Psoricoptera pibbosella. 22-2 s2s--5-22=--= 879 aneulata sess ce cease cers 22
ipsyllas=. = 810 Mmeitend33 3 fs. aes = - 22
PSwIlIOdeSCONVEXION =... -26 25 sss-5a-22- 2 DORHO A miPyraliGasyect tas sees ele ee one See sees ice 396
Psyllobora 20-maculata......-.-...-.-:-.- LAs Pyro ChioaMteMmoralistens. sacee sesso ae son 32, 54
PE CEMUCUUUIIM tse coal ie fs sc Sie cep teee somes 43 Habellatdqetee- st see sees se see 32, 54
ONANeOSCRNSt sae sa eee eee as {Am SPyrochroideemeeeeen esate ee scat ae sees se 32, 54
TOMEICOMES. © 2 vastae noses Noes Ada -PYTOP Vaio ne aae cles ce Se nek See ie 47
NUNS UINT ee ees cre saints oe oe 14 decipiens 22
speculiter st iss-s8--cssecees 14 minuta 22
IBLCTICMUMYS -acmaa mace not one eee arises acne 278 MIPTICAM Gy as = Sass eee See eee 22
RTCKOCOMIS OVAUUS naj as hasectece aise cs se Borie | eyo ta eermManiaaee | ciose tees ce seca toe d2, 4
PTCLOIGOUUS as 520-2 2s aes ce eee cee 2 = 754, 763, 766 him bailis#Aes's Scosee bl Seaeoee eae 32, 4
QUAN GUATUS ~~ Ss-- 2 32-2 16as64.700) || MeVIrbOCOMa TUNCEPS -sa-5--- --eeeeeeeeeee 4
PMCTOPMOTIGseee coerce ee et Sees mele ein = S07 | byrrbula, claweormruleaic. «2 ct esceetee --2 > seas odd ; Xanthaspis =cetes- 252s eee 15
VOSIMCT Lost onmewsae see ueaeeae 349"! “Sey rtes iis Shs -md Soaesoea- ore eee 46
SCOlwtidees << 25 aise = Sete oe | wre See 36, 56 Tibi glisrs Rees: eee er eee 19
Seolytids g2232)-sseteercceta cee eee ee 46) Sea catsshy oon edhe dae ae acess 704
Seoly fms mutleustees assesses eee 36, 56 1oachn 3223 2 de Soe eee 757
quadrispimosus==- -2--- ss2- ao5- 367064) Selene =. steno. cee ae eee 516
MUSULOSUS a. cee oe ec er aise me 96,06.| Selenophorus ellipticus’ 2222.22.25 5 8
Scomber jamesabhars 22-222 -22-2e- soeees a 336 pagatinuse <= oo22. 228-5. 8
HA PONICUS ee aare a sake ees ae 336 Opaliniis\ 1 es-ae seen 8
kaa PUrt aan See e ee 306 pediculanius2s sso 8, 39
MICTOLE PLU ObUSS. <= <== ows ee 300)7| Teta CLEC tetas. sce ee ee os ee 207
NOLO Ao tees ee ae oo0'*| Series aricolor: sc. 5 22. eseis-eee ose eee eee 24, 49
Scomberoides orientalis -......--..-..--..- 336 SELIGES otees ese A. oe keeianae Somes 24,49
SAN CH peutic c=2,402 seen 3386 trociformis)s <2 53252 225- 5 eee eee 25, 49
tolOO: sete eee see 336 Vesperia 72: 274 ccesacat eee Rae) ae DE AG)
Scomberomorusskuhii. .- see = 300: || ‘Sericoderus <2 - 29 accesses cece ees ee 43
Scombresocidte st {ee22ee sans. eee eee eons 621 Havidages...s.25-0e. seeeceeeee 15
SCOMPLIGe +5 eee eerie ena see ~ 336 ODSCUTUS* = 5-24-52 weapons 15
DCODSOIS tee ease aes Sencar 42 Subtlis:= 2. 2 3. ee 15
CRISS eee ae ae ees 13.4] WSELICOSOMUSHE -eieeeee esa ae oa Uae pepe 47
CU TULGLUES P age eee aca Sree eee ei 13 SilACCUS- 2-24 eset eee 21
ODS CUS 5 asec os caer a See 13 | Winld amuse: = 2 Seneae eee 21, 47
SCOpaSh sass Ase see eee a haere ee OD), || (S@EDeMbeSS 4. sane = ete a ea ee 151
BCOPAS: 2-22 o- ea cee poate eee ees boo.) Sentai 3s 2 ee eee ee ee 340
Scorprenidee 32-2) 52 2c oS. eeiee ans oe sore 367 | Serranus areolatus -_-.----=<.-2--c0-=me= 341
ScommiO POLEUS sss er a Seee eee eer 219 | salmoides:.. 2. 2=s2co eee 341
CORP LOULG Qtr see eee See eae sees eee re 219 | Setophaga auricapilla ass. --seceeeese eee 141
Scotobates'calesratus-— =... conse =e ese = 30, 52 | S@VyMODNMS! 5). 20 wes eee eee eee 43
SCOLOtTMONUS UNICOlON see ee eee 135 | Sharks from Japan. Descriptions of two
Scoummp-rushishavk—- a-)' ‘Shimadaicc...- si. 2 eee ee ee cee 552
Seyainasemidee: 42-5 sews hee ee ese 10/403) "“Shimayakkodal set. ass: eee see cee 54l
Seydimeanus amass 2 ee seem as. aee 10>) (Shimeyokod ei: <.- s2 scence ase ees eae 76
Banal eter ee Rc cee 10.,| Shirakodsa ssc50-°>. S55. -as eee 537
Rev OMNIS saece n= sepa 10 | Shoulder Girdle and characteristic Oste-
eapillosuluge see: ee eee mens 10 | ology of the Hemibranchiate Fishes,
Gla EIEUS =o See ee ace See ee ee 10 The, by Edwin Chapin Starks. -......... 619
ClaVapess: 2-232. -. eet = estas tal eke oem i= aie let=seieroteisin\sy= lets 96 from Japan... 79
‘Simulium fulytim, new SPEGlESs oie 2 3 96 and David Starr
c glaucum, new species ......--- 97 Jordan on On
Oe hina GUM mem acai e eeie ne 96 certain Spe-
; virgatum, new species......-.- 97 cies of Fishes
PSI OR Pepe as ac ce tick eit ciny- veisie prion eeeck 807, 808 confused with
AMpPrOsloallameneecsessea= sess see 891 Bryostemma
huscopallidellayeco-cas- === bee 808, 812, 813 Polyactocep-
PUP MOMOSTOMALA 22252. eens eee ces e ee 640 Ivalice 613
BetUS LO pete te eens tetsrey aloe = rats inieic sins ote MDS 150s fO0.s/05 nly: SOLaM UI! as cesses oie cles gasses eis eres = 779, 822, 823
SUVA bates eee siete arses eevaisericoe is 760 GHrolIneNSGS=— =... sess see ae 888
PE VELIN CG Mees eters tee erare oe Seer es ie 758 Carolimensisieas-as-=220sece0 eee 779
imiberbisa-see je -cc- cs - s-e 756, 757, 765 TM STUN: Paerane Moca roe sce ejein stern 55
SUV ALES MIDOCINEFCUS 2s =< =. Jo -tacsec eo GGGNE SOLELC eee ae Soar peso csocias eels colnet 366
SUM AO Leseen heres cea we aces 136 | Solidago 27, 908, 911
atimastus, new _ sub- SOlpupid aye sre ee eee ae ES eee cee 220
SPCCIES 55sec aes sete 66 | Some new South American Birds, by
SIDMALOGe cee ecenceatee 66 HarnyiCOberholserisc: ssceccen cic oe 59
Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii..........-- H5SwMSOLOMIA SUbStMaAbaere pe -'. cesecie = “hae 18,45
Brsiwodrepa panicea:..---.-.-.: 222-524. -2-- 28,48 WMG UMass cece coos sees ees see 18, 45
:. EILOM CSA VeSGON Sie seis so So sol ore ote Saisie seats 33,55 | South American Birds, Some new, by
MIS prams Pease oe ose eee seers 1,53, 55 Harry: C2 Oberholser! 7.5. s2. .4-seee ee 59
-_ SIi@iRGEih Aoeseccoce ae ae ae aceon esaee Mi Heo nS paAnaSsiG sertee seep tst esse e+ sce eee 216
NGeneal lamer ...: Soc. wecesee eee SUM TS PATIO Rye se Seis ce aioe .) Spherodermaopim alee. 5-2-2 s- cnn =n-s 29, 52
ICD WOSUS aaa elms ee acl - 34 | Sphagebranchus moseri.................. 941
SCulptiCOllisia.- =---a= sel coco = Soe RODUCDOPDOLUS poms oe sce essa ee scele = ose mn 56
SSO SUNG US peter ale /efa\ara) = setalaloetoiet Bo GAT OSUIS fe setae oe arte arsiain © 36
SCUMIMUE Ua Sepia eis atatsierel= Sines 33 SELMA We to Soe eine aie < s j
HESS MUSE arses sim witncione toes 33 TMA UGS on ect ese moses
nal Crs nil CORMISS seria cin .a sjct- ier a 14, 43 melanocephalus ....-...--
SENATE RO UT Mtshpeie se eats re Sain nee = aes 15, 43 OCHTCUS <<. =.-eseeeeee eee
PNIS CU apse oes hoe Saree onlay Re AS 15, 43 ELEVRIEUS oo o.c= 'e's'ere eet
1014 INDEX.
Page: | Page.
Sphenophorus pertinax ........---.------ 36 | Stejneger, Leonhard, on The Reptiles of
placidus-2s- =. 4-522 5-5 36 the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. .... 149
sCul ptilis seo. -2 on eos aee = 36°56" | (Stelidotat.22c-ccce cee oe hee ee eee 45
Tee eee Se oe ee ae 36 seminata. 2.3.2 -- ese eee 18
Sphenostethus taslet 23 s=es-.e-=--e- -ee ns 25, 50 S-maculata 5: tesa seeene eee 18
Spheroidesocellatus: 2--2--- =. <= -s2-5--2-- 359, 574 Strigoss 3-20 sce ose eee eee 18
sccleratusiss-as-ee ose eee oer 309" | Stenelnis=:- 45.2 as--c- sacs see 46
Sphindidageanss-n-e sees Seat eee eee 24,49 CrenstUsie esse oe ees ee 19
Sphindus/amenicanwse s- seas =a 24, 49 linearis '52 Seas. 5 seas ae 19
Spyies ae este ye ee ats eon se terete 622 quadrimaculatus............... 19
TOrsteries tere woo ose saeco 300 simuUatus’ sosi24-4.-529s505- ee 19
JaUPOMMUC RR eee eases Se eet wre 330 | Stenispa metallica: 22: 5225-2-2> 42252 eee 29, 52
ello a cesta oh sree 333 | Stenolechia gemmella....-.--.----2-..-:- 819
Diyas ol eee seis ree eleiar otte elaine ee 330. |*Stenolophusise-c2c 3 see ee oe eee 39
Sphyimiayecembie seem soe elsicie se eee 318 gilitermans| = <5. seen 8,39
SphyrMid Bienes seo e~ eas aac see ctelee eee 318 CarbONnaniMey: 222 22---4s5oee" 8
Spiders collected in Arizona by Messrs. CONjUNCIUS 222 5-2saso eee 8
Schwarz and Barber during the Sum- fiLlignosus'ss2ess24-— ee 8
mer of 1901, A List of, by Nathan Banks 211 humidus ...... Sires aol 8
Spilographa fracture, new species. ...-.-.- 125 ochropezuss 22-25 -ee eee 8
Spilormiss2>. 525-502 505-2 antasticneees 306 plebejus24 32252. eseeteee es 8
klossi, new species.....-.--- 287, 304, 305 | Spretus. = 2J2: sso sass asees 8
MINIMUMS 1s sese Sees Senses 30D"! '‘Stenomac ss -cea- 8 Sao eet eee 902
Spilotus 4-pustulosus ...........----.----- 31,53 | Stenomimus pallidus...-.....-.-..---...- 36, 56
SPUNACMI Ae ee me aoe oe a eee 619;/622'+) “Stenoscelisibrevas «222-2 --see-- eee 36, 56
Spondylidtessas assess. Saaceo: soe eeeee 25,50 | Stenosphenus notatus ......-..-:---.-<--. 26, 50
Sponrophusiverticalisz=2:-< <) ces. ns- soe §; 39. | Stenotarsus hispidus- ...--...--.- 7222-2. 15, 43
Sporophilave-s-ccusccst eos oce ce eteneeee 14608) Stems. 36s sate Soe Noe Sa ieee eee 41
alboguilaris®2. ... 26 2 -esecee2- 146 | ADMITS... .n ake aoe ee ee 12
Spotted'skin peeler=: 322..--d22s:s<--- 2% 256 | ATCUlUS 22225 se5.c23s05~8 coe eoee 13
Squallidse) <= 2 ye ase ee tee oe Se eee 79,318 | GURUS Ae ees 254 12
Squaloid Sharks from Japan, Descriptions bipunctatus 2-6 -2..2e cee Seals 12
of two new Species of, by David Starr callosus: =. 22oesedas 255-552 eee 13
Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder ...- 79 | earolinse?.s2 2 22 eee 12
Squallus>3-2- 5 erate sees er sen eee sceee 318 | COlON sae Sse we eee eee eee rt
MMPS UM te eo ees 318 | COlONUSSS. Sais eee eee 12
Staltator rubicusi-esms-c ass oe soneneeae ee 143 | CLOCCHISE as ceee te eee eee 12
Staphiylinida. os. 22552.- ssi ceaosesee ess 5,11, 41 | Gelavarensis.so 22 3see5e-c sees 12
Staphylinus cinnamopterus ..--.-..------ 12 GélawarensisS’: .52 .222see6 sacs e eee 41
comes sa ees 12, 41 | dispar’. 2 5) 2 ee ee 12,41
exulans ..--- sjomtoe aise tree eS 12,41 | C@VECNUS ea sctes ose toaseea acs oeceeeee 12
ROSSALOR ES OAC Se eee 12,41 | AAVIGORMIS( 53 2as-24 =e eee eee 12
MACTWIOSUSS= 2s aes te eee 12,41 Mmilitariss = Acesee eee ee 12
TMV SHCUS Eas ees as eee 12 | DUNCtAULUS) 2 Soa este ee eee 13
PIrelOnssss. eee eee 12,41 | Sectilifer225 52-5425. e5 eae eee 12
TOMMEMtOSUS=-=aies-. Sse eee 12 Semicolom’s-2224 - see ee 12
ViOlaGeUsisc san OP eC eR ase 12, 41 | StYPICUS 222 She Sea eee ae 12
ViTIGRNS at as eee eee Ne 12414 Stephanolepis< cot s- seen sos ase ee 261, 263, 285
Wiilpinus oo. sec=--see eeeeeese 12,41 | eirrhifens 2o22- 44260 ee 264, 266, 285
Starks, Edwin Chapin, on The Relation- hispidusS-s-2 3: 222 eee 265
ship and Osteol- JAPODICUSe = eesee= 264, 265, 266, 285
ogy of the Cap- oblongus ...... 264, 266, 267, 268, 285
roid Fishes or Setifer:. 25... 5523 2-eee eee 2638
Antigoniide ... 565 Sulcatus.-sasee cee eee 3099
on The Shoulder Stephanopachys2es-— cso ee see eres 48
Girdle and char- eribratussi ee assesses 23
acteristic Oste- @ensus's Sze seceese eee 23
ology of the TUS OSUS!= ae eete eee eee 23
Hemibranchiate Stereopalpus mellyi\--:- 2222245. <2 2-2 eee 32,54
Wishes! :i8s5255- 6194] ‘Stethobariss-2s222--5- 3 ee eee 56
Stativalts ceca sslosneias soo aaa ee ee 53 Corpulenta see eee eee 35
PAS ALIN teens eee sale wee eno 31 OVEta a aR ee 35
resplendens joe eseeeesiNose eee 31-|Stethon pectorosussa..-2ses a--ee eee 20
Steatoda ‘grandis saca5-25-eo* se eae ee see 214. || Stichseinsws-s2 22s ee ee eee 443
DISKS esc oa Sec eE ee 214) | “Stichseopsis:<---a22- sesso ee een eeee 444, 495, 504
INDEX. 1015
Page. Page.
BUCH COPSIS MANA ex.s es vee cere ewe seisieicis == AO AOL Cesta UW Oy saa = ~ ota detcsieisis since ee 556
PUUIC HES US 22 eae cemiceen aces eee fc BAA ASO MOON Uda | MO UTERUS Has seh Seems arises a cc suctes ces maoncesce 42
ENG LOVES GUS ft ys Se er 48 PIN O(MiUs eae sec soeoe eames eens 13
anew arism se 2c sagem oeccnacn. 500 JONSLUSCUUS ens «acs eieeeceeenee 13
GC OSTamiIMUSis see eee sees 493 LOM Res entat is xiepioeo sec salacmects 13
CHREA STATINS tee is tet e rs 491 | Supplement to the Revision of American
POTION CO Wile esse) < ss sreis ee nee see 497 Gelechiid a neeeeeace see-saw aee eee 931
DEXASTAMIMUS) Sos oe eles ae cece AU0TA9 3 SUNS CON=fSheCS=eeere aeae a2 oes se ec es 550
ist HAG DOES ears eee ee one ee SOON | PSuLN ICIS WebRss... on-set e ce on 302
MACU AMISH ess soo eee eee 4£9Sp BOUIN Chilsae eee ee cote ce se eis an cla 257
nozawe, new species ........--- ASG Le ES UZUME IOC UCE Reet eee a one Seen eens 281
PUN CIAGUS es co cce ooe eee AOD COW all O Walls see rereciem cre 21= yaiats = aclelaiete eielere 526
SLCLOCranius puncticeps’....-...----.2--< 13, 42 PELCHOGMalme eae eec esse cee eeaee 526
SULT COPSIS NM OUStLOSA ic5q --1=-~ ccisetae me eee 13, 42 DUTOL Reems ce cccecnecman ee 281
DAMA Ore Sete ce a= hoster ee Se SRA e ES warmin pee la eee ee Sek ee ese sce escsice 480
DUULCUS ao ANISh— sce skicacicmenesace ae SulBOVGalsipelzelmises st aac ace see aces esse ee 146
DIMM USE ees eos eee etek ees NAD POVUVIANCIStlCOlasememesceoe sc cceicice -c seers 291
Genitaitnstresscaeee eerie eet sees 13, 42 Cucullatareee es accs saan eon cee 142
ODACUIUS seascape tease sete oe 13 NETDICOlAR selec. ook ee se ee Saar 145
UROL pare ee eins cts ee Beye re te 13 PLG aM ee as aaeheeeeee se 148
LEI STOR res ee ee aes 13, 42 SPECIOSA SaSaeepeeticcs cen s seen ee 140
Stizostethium salmoneum..........--...- 714 Vela bas ener meat minne scimeeeseis one 142
SLOMe shel nO DCL See eae ose eee eee 76 VENI OLE eet reece ae pean hale 141
Stonewall perch, from the coloration .... iim ASV VAL CRs oe rare S ooeiclen Sin ia le ataye Gisieretet ine alaleleer 291
RS UREUIE Oa awe eee Roam neces eee Ne HOMES VIN DIOFES AMIN OL 2-2. p25 oc cereeeeeeee 15, 43
ALC CLIMMM Ata ase ose ee setae 26 KCI eee sacra eee ae 15, 43
DICOlOMEEHte ee eRe ost noe IGulsymphora flava collist: 222.2. -.2\.< scenic siecle 31,53
faim Clicameane: oe S ace eee ecisiciee 26 INE OSA ee aiaane tee tans ee tees 31553
WteICOMMIStse ey eee eee eee DG ss yNagelessCOLplona-cec-.-... -..- sence eee 275):
GISGDIIS Mew, SPECIES = sass). -- = 114 | SVMOGOIMUIG 2 oe alee yar wits tein se = 329
limata, new species.... .......-. 118 | System sites sates: ee EI iota teie re he AS Sa 52
TERT ae en ee ee Pa ie io Mee 294 | Clon eaitareer assesses ieee eines 29
ANGAMANENSIS 22 --- eee eee 293, 294 | POM tA Sees =~ < woeleweiemni= 29
ENvUATOPy CUMS cece: sce soe e eee 293, 294 | FANT SO MAS Wee sate ayer 2 )-ehe cyaceie ot timiepore 29.
katchalensis, new MAT PUN AIS eee tees Seen aoc seis 29
subspecies .......- 287, 293 LeeLee eerste oer ign cietecte eines ale 29
STINE Cao ee ee eee Seon cea e ee 293 | Machinapmnellaeessee esse se gs: -clecicccsece 372
SEO MROMMUS omen ere ctemccin csc erica oes 423 | PACHINI dieeee cere mc sath ae cise e sects 104
Sip eOlle CLeSeeetee eels Se cac ccs mesos bose 430 | Tachinus fimbriatus................-.---- 18, 42
Say lO plulce meee eer ache sre tsce sss sece= 32, 54 | flavidus ............------------ 42
SUD SIN Cll tee stream clonic) oor clone 774 Hav PCHMISimecssesesees csc -e- 13
ULL eee ne Pete 136 fumipennis....... Sol ses eee 13, 42
AUD Tl eee tess si swis Sos e ie se 136 UNA Sal Seetenetetei= las /=0=/=\e(-/-1= cle siete 13, 42
SIDESCENS. = ssistem- =25 3s) eens 136 UPL Sieemasiee + seiccic acs ceere es 13, 42
vol. xxv—02———65
1016 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Tachinus memnonius .................... 13,42 | Taphrocerus gracilis ..................... 21,479
MLO UOId estes eee nee 1342") Tarentilea. scalarss-pe5 4a eet eee 217
Dallitp Esisse hea sees see 137429 Rare et tishpeaeen seen eee. trae 517
DICI DES = tea eee sees 13 Derchy. $5252 sa. een ees 517
PEPANGUSE A smace o2) epee 13,42 | Tassin, Wirt, on The Casas Grandes Me-
Tachy Cellustece esc eee ne. ot ae ee 39 CQOTITG =. Se oe Ss ee a ee nr ee 69
RUELINTe GUUS) 52 o nae eee 80" Ranichthygen os as-5 20 ee eee eeeene 542 -
badinpennist-s5- 2-2 s2se. ee 8 macrolepidotus ............. 543
Lachyponusylecontel-s2-s5. 52-22 een 35, 55 VATIUS A ees peat eee 542
LAT GIpegete jasc ge ae 39,55 | Taxodium distinctum.................... 810
Tachyphonus quadricolor................ Sr RELY SCLC cs meen lees ck eerie pee eee ee - §16
PUD CE DSH ae seca Te 144 difhcilise lan eect 816, 817
ach yporusy Its eee 42:6 May Reta s 5 ca cheatin tie Jere oe ee 816
chrysomelinus =. o-- sees 13%5) LGhitrenra tinissss sce. eee a ee eee 295
elegans reese. jo oseeee a aes 13 MUCOD ATI CH eee. ace Seen eee 295
JOCOSUSH eee eo en eee 13a ete Coma dican Sees ens eee 52
MaACulipenmises.2 22-4255 eee 13,42 | Teleia gilviscopella -..................... 813
MIAN Cee cise ee ee 13 LEU CONO tS anf oceae tree Sauer ee 806
TUTTI US es aes eee 13 Oron ell aia. reese ee ee 788
Tachypterus quadrigibbus............... 34, 55 Se ee rao c ciate ye NR ee ee 884
LLG Liv bil Tawa wren ote ee feet een $40; 844) Telephanus'yelox.----)--60-) -) e 16, 44
aprimoniella += see 85 Telephorugy x2= =. 05525) Magen ee 47
consonellart ese ee 845, 846 bilivteatugs ete ee eee 22
MINTO CUCII Ame ssae Soca e teed 845 Carolinuseessces. ee eee 22
GHOUMMITC hell ssa eee We 845 Cosiipenniss:...-) 4. eee 22
PaChys Nis gece eines cee ee ee 3s CXCAVailiCue 220052 ane 22
CED Aare ysic) See e cere coe ee aes 6 TaN OS shee 22
COTTUSGUSE 5. science acer 6 IME O Bh sors sea ate ee 22
GOlOSUSH ATE st ae) a ae ee ieee 6 LOTS Sia ates a ee ae 22
ferrugineseaes- =e ye Shee 6 TmsTPinelhussas se ee 22
flavicgudtiaces> 2a see eee 6,38 pUusillus-22"- Fs soe 22
STAMATIUS ES ee ccn | ese, ee a tee 6 ROCUUS 324220 2. XS ee ee 22
ATL CURVIS er cee aes oe ete eee 6 TOtUndICOlliSes= Sessse eee 22
TSE MUS. crt ec tes Ue eee ae 6 | SCIbUINS! he ete a eee 22
MAUS t Serio c a cieee 2 a eee ee 6, 38 Tobercul aus aes ses eee 22
LOSING Screw Seer ea 6 WALiSe Soc. ate tae ee ee 22
UM Sosa ned one oo Ne ane eee 6) Relliasdorsivittellla esse 5 sae eee 813
SCAMS oe shes rca 6 |) Relmatophilussss. see Secon eee eee Ses
tripunctatus BG eee tee eee 6 F SINETICR NUS {see 16
Var. pulehellust setae ee eee 6; Lelpittisa.s sa" 5 tee. see 773, 783, 784, 880
WAV Xs fons eee aon Ce epee tee 6 basifasciella---seeeess eae 784, 787
XAMUNO DMISs sees ee ae ee 6 basistrigella........ ea asenioenae 784, 787
Tachysurus falearius..2-.--......... SO Tea pelanzerella:= 52> sees 784, 788
. SIUIMOTISIS terete sen ere 321 betulella, new species.......... 784, 787
aba Ch yusae seca tee ce ete ean eee ae 41 CURVAStrISell aga eee 783, 784, 785
nail Giter esas foacee cain oe ee 11 fuscopunctellas- sass 931, 932
Sra cilbinia cs, bse). ss ten een ih glandiferellai 5s. see 784, 788, 789
MIS TEN age em nae eet eet 11 latitasciellarsc= eco see 784, 785
Mee Dy beter een Rens. VA ee Pra ee 303 longifasciellays---226--25-- 784, 785, 931
MARA COTO Saco estscee ste eee tte 776 palliderosacella ............ 784, 786, 932
ROMA BTAVATIGIS.n sc 5) 5 ae Se a 144 querciella)s<-777 5405.5 cee 784, 787
pHa eri d cevace eee Reh Soe tl 143 quercinigracella ........... 784, 786, 932
planttilllatcoron anatase rye ee 157 quinquecristatella ......... 784, 785, 929
Mela OCeD Hai Aaa ae 157 | Temenuchus andamanensis............_. 293
Wilecoxi, new species ............ JOON | Lenebrioicastun cise 55) 30, 52
Tanymecns confertus:.........2...-22 5, 33, 54 MOlIitOrs We Seat e e ee 30, 52
Tanypus algens, new SPeClegee- eee as 90 ODSCUTUS. Soto 2. 5 sae 30, 52
barberi, new species.........__. 90 Tene brioidessoscs—- eee eens 30, 52
discolor, new species ........... 89 | Tenebrioides americana................ se 19
: guttularis, new species ......... 92 buma culate 22. ssa eee 19
: occidentalis, new species _...__. 92 COLELCALIGs= 320 il Dae 19
pallens, new species .........__. 91 IMATSIN Aare) s- ose 19
stellatus, new species........... 89 ma uritanicac ifsc. -s sees 19, 46
venustus, new species. .......... 91 WANA os see eee ee 19
Danysphy rug cee toe tee anys ep A5 ODtUSae cs sence ee eee 19
lemme pane 5 6) eee 34 TFUSOSIPCH DIS Eee eee see 19
|
INDEX. 1017
Page. Page.
Tenebrioides var. cucujiformis .....------ 19) |PLhammnophisocellatay .2.- ssc sce aa 155
Wars latlCOliS cance sce ase OM PED Ran ASHMUS GUUS a... 2 octacleinieta oe eae 28, 48
MeneDrOmi dese. = seine scc -- oaae amie sic 30:52) |) Thanatus coloradensis .-..-..---2--...2-. 216
INST ONO orem ela lm iene SF fe eseres 559 | Thaneroclerus sanguineus ..........----- 23, 48
Tephrodornis grisola ........------------- 295 (bev tHS ee eee cer rail 23, 48
MephrOsia VirSIMIAMA.- =.=. 22 -c----csecee= 52. | Tharops ruficornis...-....--+-.:--.2.---- 20, 46.
erasiOlanaees- ce eciaet = ae seein cele cine ei S739 Om ee ENC Celene ate eet tele ete t= alee ieee nel sicl= t= 48
Here Unis teen Cee eerie nas = se eee ceca 45 | PLofund ae eee a«2seeee ses eoesa a 23
BNET GAM U Sesser eee ie Sr eeBh ers p MOSIG see eee mee seine arse ae tare mear= 211
BRST CS ee eter oro atetalal= ais aieiiin i= inal 4) “Gherapon cancellatus:.2---- 2.- an. -mien\- 348
Terpsiphone nicobarica ..........-------- 295 | SAL DUAN eo ceo e senses eaee 248
Terrestrial Isopod of the Genus Pseudar- quadrilimeatus*s--. 2s. s-2-se ce 348
madillo from Cuba, A new, by Harriet SCEVUS een tee eicne aece eee sei 348
ATG AKOSOMues see tween 2 nie le ie i= 509 GherapSPen seen nse eee ae 348
RetrachavirglmiCa =. s-c. pa ose 878
Metragonoptrus...:...-------------------- 029,030 | YT O Uva ere tape ee erat erect 407, 409
SEMIAGISP eee cee sae oe eee D0 DOU ER esis CR VIE@MS! 2jecps came ene ae cle aiel aie 11,41
MetrAOGd OM sere cistenicieeciccie'sislals'= sieinis vi 278; 27 Thriponax hodgel......-.--------.------- 299
RUETSEL GUS eter las aie etait ects 7S. | euRNTOSCLG dais sess e sis oie ale aelere = ein efemeioce 21,47
BRENIG See ese ee cic. cio ae OUI, OO 63 | Throscus ...-------------+-+++-+222222222+- 47
albopunctata Chevrol athens peec estes 21
AT&ONUCUS). 2. <5 =< ein 558, 552, 553, 554, 563 COMVETSEMS metas so neeieataleieieinciinel= 21
EUS Une gee ets oe ee eee see icietal= 5d2 | DUSK oe ets ara Slorelefalase mines 21
Rosa Fad ATUL Se sects rere paola earch tere er loee dad PUNCtALUS, 22 fee seer sie alta 21
bipunctatus: >... =. .=- =~ 358, 552, 554,563 | Thryophilus albipectus.........---------- 66, 67
BTGVINOSURIS coe. ost ckeceeease ses 561 albipectus ....... 67
CLeStOMISme eee ean a= acess 554 | bogotensis ....-.- 66, 67
GUSSUIMICIes eo Nema s oes 357 hypoleucus...... 67
MUISGCESCEN Steen eee Sates ei ee ee ni 561 rufiventris ....-- 67
hepatuseccee-c- = Pena Sere 551 | SalorabMl = aee ees see 67
AUIS ee semen oe seep niaiaimi 131 | Thysanoes fimbricornis ....-.------------ 36, 56
IGM Seco etes ets seer 60) | Tibellusiduttonieeee ewes a wee === 2% 216
OUMRUSSEeee see eee eee cere 180,131 | Tigrillo.......------.--+--------+--------:- 246
OMUVACCUS <5.655-=-5--<- = 128 | Tillomorpha geminata .......------------ 26, 50
pileatus .........--:---.-- 60,181 | Tinea vulgaris...........-------------+---- 723
MUCUS ye ere eet eoier== 1S Thy | ROL Ca ee eee rere rortase aloe rajnsteis\nlainjaieie mimin 844
tephrogaster, new species. 59 hermarella ..........----------+=-- 793:
Se TaN SULAS te stele =lsie) = ainl=/alel=inie 60,1381 populella ............-.------------ 840, 844
Thamnophis cyrtopsis.......-----+-+-+++- 155,156 | Timeida ...--2+--++++2+2+-+eeee rere erreeces 408
1018 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Bineing) 52S .e este ce eee eee eres 931 | Tribolium’ferrugineum!2--25.-- cess. scene 30, 53
Tineine oi cess coe carte eee ee eeeneaer cee S12) |/-richas superciliostses--sc-4424-eeeeeeee 142
Tipulidse: Seat eee eee eee eee Ga | Mrichtnrideacamen 2: se ese ee eee Seen 335
Tisheriavcimetipenmellass.ass- sees eiee eee 371,41 | Tri¢hiurus JapOmicus..-. sso. e2seeeeaee = 385
Titanio: helianthialess=sewe2--- 2. eseeeeee 397 | lepturus aceon adie essa noree 363
Titanocea americans .2-.-0---.---<-2-224- 213) riehiusercss = see Searle als he Se ae clos 50
Pilyita WanlGis= c- 2. scecee een oe ch ole eee mee 134 afinis 2h sess eee meee 25
PM ArUS CHUA ATUS US oe oe sa ate ee sence 216 | bibenS Pie eeceesaseo-e eee er 25
TMESIPNOLUS 5 -= eee eee nose Ree 40 | PISEL. Ses hess 2 os eee 25
Canrinalusinnes == eee 10) Viri@ullus:.2 22e2 82-02 near 25
COStalisen eine cso eee 10 | ‘Prichivsa; Compacts. -es2- see eaeee EN
Todiramphus’oceipitallis’=-.-25-25-44---2" 301 |= Drichobarisitrinotatss-----22 sees eee eres 35, 56
Todirostrumiecaudatum) 5 esse sees 64, |) -Prichodesjapivorus2=s2. 255s ssoee eee eee 23, 48
margaritaceiventer.......-. 139)s|/ “Prichodesmareibbossie=-.-- 22-seeeses snes 23, 48
TRO KOSS cee hee nee eee 264~) Trichopteryeidse eee ee ee ae 14, 43
TOKUSAIZANIC Ha. ame ae nec eee aces 2587) Dri choptenyaxe sense ne aee eee eee 43
Tomarusipulehellustess=enss so se sec ese eee 16,44 — ADFUp LA ® -2 esate 14
SROMICUS 22 sen nee ee ae EES 45, 56 ASPCLAr Sc acc kets eS 14
AWUISIS cee ceetce a scar cree meee 36 plabnicollis) <2 2255 -e ees 14
CHCOPTADNUsia-e senna o eee 36 haldemani®-- 222 os eee 14
Grelatns, seer Jose ot so ce ee ee 36 MOBNENS 2.05). ec aee sence 14
Calligraphuss nesses = see ene 36 parallel ay.= 2. eeaaneee 14
PIN. Shine cea ee ate eee cee 36 SCriCAS ep maseeeees eee eee 14
‘TTomod €rusicOnstrictus:scs2e-eeeee. ee ee 327 |) Prichotaphe..coseeeee socaeo: ceo coe eee eee 772,
TRomoxiatin chusawecssssesa- occ oe ee eee 31,54 850, 874, 904, 906, 997, 909, 910,
limeellate = s2se oo oon eee ee 81, 54 912, 913, 914, 916, 925, 927, 938
TROTLMICIGE: Peete ee weno ies eee oe eee 399 | MACOS ces ae ouec mee cee 907, 909, 938
Tortricidiavessonmlaye set. .ee eee eee 396 | bidiscomaculella............ 908, 914
LECSUACES aren een 370, 395, 396 chambersella ..........- 891, 907, 913
Wane Gly pita =---e seen. 370, 395 condaliavorella............- 908, 913
Totanus totanus eurhinus...........-..-- 313 | costarufoellasc.c-o.0-se eee 907, 909
Toxidium gammaroides.................. 14, 43 diseooeellella.-<=s.- eee 874
(FOXOUWOPIS) <2 soe eee ee wae serene tee 57 fernaldella, new species .... 908,915
TASCIATUS eae soc eee oeeise eet 37 flavicostellas--..s5-sceeeeeee 908
puUsinlus nse ae cc etree 37 Havocostella a. -a- sehr 907, 908, 937
TOXOLNS CEEVAtlaUs neces noes co eee eee 26, 50 georgiellaiasic sseee cnn e eee 908, 916
Mrachinidvs sess ns esse eee *.- 418, 941 iMserraita =. 4c Se ake 907, 908
Trachinocephalus trachinus ............- 329 | invierséllat 5in- Sosa esse 908, 912
MDrachUropsyc.-s\aeskces ees soe ae eee 337 | June della sere 907, 910, 911, 938
tONVaSe Se socG cons eeeieteecaents 337 lactifiosella' 2 s.ete-o-.-eeee 908, 914
Trachysectus|cOnfuens=- 1. ec -0-~ 2 >= 13,42 | melantherelias2..|.5 sess 907, 911
STrasidion COGUUS so ssc2 see eee seem 26, 50 nonstrigellacc ses oes eaeee 907, 910
Vial. Sl Va peMMess.se= essa | ochripal pellam see aeeee eee 909
‘Treronichloropteraseaco. ac 5-2 see eee purpureofusca o2-s5-222--eee 907, 910
“RETOOL es ose eee ae ee eee 8 Tefusella sss eeeke eee eee 849
Trigcanthidee...ssses-secee SU aeateeeeseee 251, 285 | serrativittella........... 907, 909, 930
Triacanthinw=< ecsce sacs see ae oaeiene ; | setosella: aco... esace tease 907,
Trigcanthodes-ssso see see see eee 252,285 | 908, 909, 911, 912, 914, 925, 938
anomalusseecses == hee eee 252,285 | trimacuilella’. 2.52. --2-<6 804, 908, 914
Triacantho dine seness-nscassessseeeeeces 252 | Trichothraupis quadricolor -...........-- 143
SDrracanGhus iss eee sese eee cao te cae ee eos oon Tricrania sanguinipennis ................ 82, 54
ANOMANS oan. ae enceeae 252, | ‘Tridentiger bifasciatus.~..2sccoscace= seer - 57
- biaculeatus 2. ccacesse eee 253 BUCCOMe sais eae nee seen 76
brachysoma =. .escee- see 253 QbSCUrUs) 355.02 s5ceeen ae eee 57
DIEVALOSUNIS). -2= acco eeeee ee 258528): | Drifolitim= ase. ae see eee ee eee ee eee 796
mMicuhOfl cs... 222 sceesenene 253 DLADENSE So cess eee nee 796
THOGOPUCLUS) - 552 -—-2 see ees 253) Eriga picipenmmiss-pees oeescees see ee eee 14, 42
PUSSe lee. a ae aos eae 253). Ltieeer-fishesshecie gare cae as aoa re ere 254
SDVINChUSs.ccsce cae aces wiselae eos cs ase es 51 File-fishes,and Trunk-fishes
MULOMMUS sac test oo ase ce eo ee eee 28 | of Japan, A Review of the,
VACUUSS. denasann cee eecnrescenene 28, 51 by David Starr Jordanand
Mrigkis'se@ylliunmicsa-soscessccescekseseesees 318 Henry W. Fowler ........ 251
Tribalister:marginellws22.- ..-=2-----2- 25 17, 45))|| “Driglidee 2 soe ease cniss ee eee eee eer 361
Pribalus;4 22 ssceae eee oe eee ae ce 45 | Drimioplectus arcuatus. ...2:..4ec2-ocee.- 11, 41
AINETIGANUSEsceeens - oa cee see 17,45" | eRrimiam Seas see eee eee ero eeiete aieem ene 41
Tripoli Contustim-- see. «csc aca 30, 53 COmMvyexwluim = seee eee eee eee 11
INDEX 1019
Page. Page.
SUTUMUMU TH CISCOLOL eee ios cicism=ies eis een DIG ||P RVOXe ASDC spa cjemmaciewis se dala cade one aoe 2
Gti piUMnetee ee ae ato a ee me Capiullanisemse sac see Saloee eee 24
PLODILELR a seteiee ccmectiaeescoees vse 11 CVIN AC CUS ema rasa cicmcece eae eee 24
LM pPUNetAbUM ssc e- cee seemscce 11 TOV.ELCOMMS Wet = arae dsl cseee ee ec eee 24
ATVI serosa orci ise erin 1 MONA CHUSH Semasee ee. sie see sees e ae 24
MNS 2. soos sacaaosbodaoseees 11 | SCabe@npeereeraeremce seen Sees 24
Trimorphodon lyrophanes ........-.--.-- 157 | SUDCLOSUS tees ose reese ones 24
“rata oh ig 610) Ke) | 0)<) Se ae Oe 313 LERnestrisnete-was.+ cus e soneetSo..cne 24
Triprocris smithsonianus............-..--- 370 Tubercw VwwSheec se eee ose eae 24
BepIriptenyoione -.) sco. she see oes e 9 | the District of Columbia.........-...... iL
PRE ON ce tei aameas ciaie is